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THE

M AC ROLEPIDOPTERA
OF THE WORLD

A SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE
HITHERTO KNOWN MACROLEPIDOPTERA

EDITED IN COLLABORATION WITH WELL-KNOWN SPECIALISTS

BY

Dr. ADALBERT SEITZ, Professor

v

DIVISION I: FAUNA PALAEARCTICA — VOL. 1-4
DIVISION II: FAUNA EXOTICA - VOL. 5 — 16

VOL. 14

ALFRED KERNEN, PUBLISHER, STUTTGART

1930

THE

AFRICAN BOMBYCES
AND SPHINGES

WITH 80 PLATES

v

TEXT VOLUME

V

ALFRED

ERNEN, PUBLISHER, STUTTGAR1

All rights reserved.
Printed in Germany.

Copyright 1930 by Alfred Kernen, Verb

,g, Stuttgart.

Printed by H. Laupp jr, Tubingen.

V

Preface.

The present 14th volume dealing in 600 pages with the Bombyces and Sphinges of the Ethiopian Region,
is the first volume of exotic Moths that has been completed. Although the serial numbers of this Division were
published very sporadically between those of the other Heterocera-volumes, it was possible to accomplish the
elaboration of the enormous material in hardly three years. I was especially keen on completing this volume,
since at the present time, when the Ethiopian Region is being made more and more accessible day by day,
continuous discoveries of new forms would probably soon antiquate the volume, so that the end of the volume
would finally disagree with its beginning, if its publication had lasted for a long period of time.

Moreover, it was of great consequence that nearly all the chapters compiled in this volume required
their being elaborated by special authors. Excepting the Arctiidae, since Kirby’s Catalogue which is now
antiquated, no comprehensive compilation of the Ethiopian Bombyces had been undertaken anymore. The
literature on them was enormously dispersed and, above all, there was no possibility of using good illustrations.
The completion of the present volume was most urgent and of the greatest advantage to the public, because
a volume for the identification of the Bombyces was more essential and sought for than any other volume.
Regarding the Indian, Australian, and Nearctic Regions, the “Fauna of India”, the works of the Australian
lepidopterologists, the Catalogues by Dyar, Packard, the fundamental work by Smith Abbot, etc., have at
least provided a basis affording certain clues; Tropical Africa, however, was without any preliminary comprehen¬
sive studies. A third reason why the 14th volume was preferred was that rather vast material was at hand
in Germany from those countries which had formerly been German Colonies, and that from the time when
Germany was expelled from the Ethiopian Region it was to be expected that the great influx of material
would stop, which had formerly been directed to the German Museums by the extraordinarily large number
of collectors and explorers in the German Colonies. It was only now possible, by the willing aid of the officials
and daily users of the Berlin Museum, to accomplish a comprehensive treatise founded upon the still relatively
abundant material of the Berlin Zoological Museum.

The number of newly described forms states what great material stored in this Museum had not yet
been elaborated. More than 470 new names have been established and nearly all these forms have also been
figured. Many of these novelties differ so much from all those hitherto known that it was found necessary to
establish 62 new genera.

Thus it was also most welcome to gain the collaborating help of the managers of the Berlin Zoological
Museum and the permanent users of its collections of lepidoptera. Owing to their excellent relations to foreign
countries it was also possible to profit by the large English Museums in a far better way than this might have
been expected under other circumstances.

In this way it was possible to obtain such treatises on some divisions that will have to be acknowledged
also by the most rigorous critics. It was especially Christopher Aurivillius who provided us in the present
volume, in 80 pages and 12 plates, with a treatise on the African Lasiocampidae which, considering the former
gaps in our knowledge of these frequently rare lepidoptera, must be regarded as an unparallelled promotion of

VI

PREFACE.

our knowledge of the African Fauna. It is a deplorable fact that this was to be the last great work of this
uncommonly industrious, conscientious and expert naturalist. Very soon after the completion of this chapter
the explorer’s life full of work and success was ended.

The style and arrangement of the 14th Volume is cpiite conformable to that of the other volumes. In
order that its completion was not postponed to an uncertain period, the elaboration had to be strictly confined
to the limits prescribed for the entire work. In spite of all the explanations in the Prefaces to preceding volumes,
the gaps and omissions in the “Macrolepidoptera”, which had to be left unconsidered merely because it was
beyond the task set in this work, have been criticized again and again. It has always been stated that it is
cpiite impossible to examine all the newly introduced forms, whether they are any vicarious form, a race, a
season-form, a specific branch, or a casual aberration allied to other forms. Hardly any division contains such
a great number of unique forms as the Central African Bombyces, and the valuation of numerous uncertain
forms must be left to monographies here more than in any other group, because the present material at our
disposal is not yet sufficient. As long as there are not similar series of specimens available from Central Africa
as those of our home species, any attempts to apply here also the very latest results of racial researches would,
in our opinion, be cpiite hopeless. Such attempts can at any rate not be intended in a work which comprises
the whole of the macrolepidoptera of the world and is to deal with this gigantic material, without obstructing
the access of the collectors in general by boundless series of volumes.

More than 3000 figures have been supplied on 80 pages. As the 14th volume was only begun in the
course of the year 1926, nearly all the plates have participated in the latest technical achievements, whereby
a more uniform production and increased neatness of all the plates was obtained. We do not pretend, of course,
that all the figures are unequalled or altogether excellent. Considering the great number of unique forms
contained in this volume it was often necessary to work according to water-colour sketches remitted to us,
and their eventual inaccuracies had of course to be copied in this work. But as in the other volumes of the work
we have preferred to supply figures wherever it was possible. In doing so we accomodated ourselves to the
fact that, as a rule, imperfect figures also give a better idea than short descriptions which are supported by
comparative illustrations. However far behind the technique of the hand-colouring of old illustrated works
appeared, the misconstruction of even moderately figured species in literature forms an insignificant percentage
of the errors made even up to this day concerning old descriptions — I refer to Walker, Fabricius, even
Linne. A great number of such diagnoses are definitely useless or ambiguous, and the others have mostly only
become determinable by the painstaking discovery of the types. As one single plate with an average number
of 38 figures supplies a much better survey than a dozen pages of thoroughly accomplished text, it is the question
of space itself that makes the extensive and abundant illustration of our work absolutely necessary. Only by
supplying numerous figures the shortness of text is attainable, which is imposed on the work by the abundance
of the material.

That is also why I have to retort most emphatically on a conception which has recently often appeared
about the illustration of the whole work. It has been attempted to define the work - in disregard to the text
- to be merely an illustrative work similar to those that were the custom in earlier times when our knowledge
of exotic insects was confined to the exploration of mummies. And there were even opinions to be heard,
according to which the entire arrangement of the work was declared to be a concession to indolence and a
danger to intellectual decline. If there are really any entomologists who would have preferred the supply of
exhaustive descriptions instead of single distinctly prominent marks, such criticizers ought once to consider
to what end such a proceeding would have led. One printed page of circumstantial description often fails to
suffice in complicatedlv marked forms to inform the readers of what is frequently exhibited by a tiny figure.
The way such descriptions would have to be worded, so as to be compressed into the admitted average space
of 3 or 4 lines per form, remains quite incomprehensible to us. We have therefore preferred to offer something
of the little knowledge about the range, life-habits, the capturing and breeding of the species dealt with, and if
the morphology has been confined in this work to some obvious differences in the neuration, hairiness, and in
externally visible marks of the parts of the body, this may be substantiated by the fact that statements of
more complicated marks must remain the task of monographies and that a compendium of such vast contents
is only to provide results Imt not the details by which they have been obtained.

Opinions may of course differ as to whether the method of elaborating this work are serviceable, still
I herewith beg to express my sincerest thanks to the collaborators of this work, too, for having so kindly
accomodated themselves to the proposals and desires of the editor. It is only by the harmonious co-operation
of all those participating in the production of the total work that a rapid progress and the uniformity of the

PREFACE.

VII

whole work can be guaranteed. Moreover the editor’s thanks may also be rendered here to the administrations
of the Berlin, Stockholm, and English Museums, especially the British, Tring, and Hill Museums, which were
of the greatest advantage to the collaborators by rendering their enormous materials accessible to them.

Our gratitude is also due to the art-establishment of Werner & Winter now united with the Hauser
Press, who succeeded in improving year by year, according to the progress of technique, their careful and life¬
like work; above all our thank is also due to the publishers who by their untiring activity for the exclusive
benefit of this work have endeavoured to meet all the requirements sometimes arising under the greatest
external difficulties. It was only by renouncing all profit before the first series of volumes was completed that
it was possible, in spite of the rapidly rising costs of the production, expenses, taxes, and wages, to keep the
price of both the serial numbers and of the whole volume at a height that might be afforded by the readers.

Immediately after the completion of this volume that of the parallel volumes (Mol. 6 and 10) from
the American and Indo-Australian Faunae was urged forward, of which now, at the completion of the Sphingidae,
all the large lepidoptera have been dealt with excepting some Gossidae. Although the work had continually
increased, it was possible to publish, between the serial numbers for Part II of this work, the additional numbers
for Part I (Palaearctic Fauna). The most difficult, costly and extensive work has been advanced so far that
the Supplementary Volume I is already printed, whilst II and III have been commenced; by the speedy
publication of this additional part we will show that the usefulness of our work does not lose by incessant
renovations and that neither the publishers nor the editor omit anything for maintaining its value as a manual.

We therefore also beg to submit to the various shortcomings of this work as being inevitable. In order
to complete per month 4 German, 4 English and often also French serial numbers, the average time for the
production of each serial number containing 1 or 2 printed sheets and 1 or 2 plates is limited to hardly more
than 3 days. If we were not to keep to these dates of publication, this would cause a delay and retardation in
the continuation of the work, since the material is steadily increasing. I myself regret most of all some misprints
or other possible slips, yet their entire prevention by further revisions of sheets or plates would bring about
an excessive retardation of the edition. For all these reasons I cannot but ask the readers to criticize leniently
the said inevitable shortcomings and to apologize for the impossibility of considering the often justifiable
desires of various subscribers to prefer this or the other single chapter.

The great usefulness of the total work is generally esteemed by its owner only when, as for instance
during the time of collecting abroad, it is impossible to use the museums and works at home. I am writing
these lines on the verandah of a Brazilian country-house, from where I can look over the sun-lit garden-beds,
and now being able to identify dozens — often hundreds of lepidoptera flying about me in a few minutes, I
truly feel the enormous contrast to my first visit to South America 42 years ago, when the foreign collector
was quite unable to ascertain biological observations, to value barters, the occurrence of undescribed forms etc.
If this purpose of the work, to identify a species on the spot, to recognise novelties or the value of an insect,
or to ascertain biological peculiarities of species, has been attained, the work has fulfilled its main task.

Ypiranga, January 1930.

Dr. Adalbert Seitz.

«

Publ. 23. III. 1926.

9

Preface.

In Vol. XIII (p. 1 to 7) we have attempted a very short sketch on the African lepidopteral fauna in
particular consideration of the Rhopalocera, in which the Heterocera were but briefly touched. The abundance
of the two groups in Africa is far inferior to that in the Indian and South American tropical regions, though
the single parts of this gigantic continent are in this respect by no means uniform.

In the Rhopalocera, of which about 1200 species are described, the proportion of the African Fauna
to the other districts was such that of the Ethiopian region about twice as many species are known as of the
whole palearctic region; whereas the Indo- Australian Fauna contains half the number of species more and
the American Fauna being particularly rich in insects almost three times as many species. As to the Heterocera,
such a summary estimate is impossible, particularly since the African Microlepidoptera are still very incompletely
known and in some districts of that continent have even not yet been collected at all.

The greatest abundance in lepidoptera generally occur - — as also in other parts of the world — in
those districts of Africa where very high temperatures are combined with rather copious rainfalls distributed
among a great many months. These rainfalls depend again on the currents of air exhibiting a system
frecprently changed and disturbed by local causes, but still being rather constant, and based upon the following
processes. The immense surface of the interior regions of Africa is heated by the sun to a very high degree,
since the whole Ethiopian region, beginning to the south of the Sahara, is situate in the tropical zone, with
the sole exception of Cape Colony, which fact is not repeated in any other fauna of the world. The air, being
thus heated, naturally ascends drawing after it the cooler air lying over the oceans into the vacuum generated
by its escape. Being nowhere obstructed by lofty mountains, as for instance the American Cordilleras, the
Alps, the Himalaya, or the Japanese Mountains, the humid winds in West Africa are able to penetrate far
into the interior of the continent, and the copious rainfalls produced thereby drench a vast part of the country,
extending from Senegambia with but very few interruptions to the south of the Congo District. A densely
felted vegetation covers the Hylaea or the district of the tropical rain-forest, an immense surface of West Africa.
Only to the south of Angola, where the nights produce a great cooling down particularly in the Ovanrpo and
Herero Districts, this continuous inflow of humid sea-air stops and the precipitations become rare and scanty;
instead of the exuberant wooded country there are extensive grassy steppes, being in the northern parts inter¬
mixed with shrubbery, whilst in the southern parts there are sandy plains always growing waster and being
in some parts entirely desolate.

The abundance in lepidoptera accommodates itself to these conditions. From the African Hylaea we
have become acquainted with quite a number of forms among the Rhopalocera of the 13th volume, some of
which were gigantic insects, such as Pap. antimachus with an expanse of nearly % m. The N ymphalidae had
also attained an imposing size in the genera Charaxes, Euphaedra, Salamis, and Hypolimnas. But nevertheless
there were by far fewer gigantic forms in Africa than in the tropics of Asia and America; the Hestia and
Zeuxidia of India, the Morplno and Caligo of South America are unparellelled in Africa. The same is the case
with the Heterocera. Only in the Saturniidae Africa is superior to certain other tropical districts; of Sphingidae
there occur but few gigantic forms (LopJwstethus demolini), and the Ethiopian forms of the other Phalaenic
family are rarely more than medium-sized.

Those not being acquainted with the nature of the country will be impressed by many districts of the
Ethiopian region as being very poor in lepidoptera. Other orders of insects, such as the Orthoplera, e. g.
grasshoppers, Mantids, Termites, in many places also Hymenoptera, seem evidently to predominate. The
reason of it is that most of the districts visited at first by the new-comer, owing to their being more easily

XIV

o

10

Preface. By Dr. A. Seitz.

accessible, bear the character of steppes rather unfavourable to the development of an abundant lepidopteral
fauna. There are mostly also smaller, rather inconspicuous lepidopteral forms that inhabit the steppe during
the short time of blossoming. The characteristic lepidoptera of the Ethiopian Fauna are the Acraea and Teracolus
among the Rhopalocera, smaller Noctuids from the group of the Erastrianae and light-coloured Arctiids among
the Heterocera. Less conspicuous owing to their generally sitting very firmly during the day are the Lyman-
triidae which surprise the natural philosopher In7 their immense number of individuals.

On comparing the impression made upon the observer by the total Ethiopian fauna with that in other
parts of the world, one has the feeling that the struggle for existence, although it relentlessly calls for its victims
in all districts rich in animals, is raving in Africa with particularly great ferocity and cruelty. Africa is the
continent of the eternally chased game. Its soil is drenched with blood more than any other country. The
frequently very scanty vegetation, compared with the continual enormous increase of game, forces a great
number of the inhabitants to lead a predatory life. The number of carnivorous large animals and of insectivorous
small animals seemed to me to be in Africa much greater than in the tropics of any other continent. The
harmless animals hunted for can hardly conceal themselves in the mostly scanty vegetation. There are legions
of birds, swarms of tachina-flies and predatory Hymenoptera, which are perpetually murdering about the air.
But very few animals seem to be protected so far that they are not pounced upon by a swarm of bloodthirsty
murderers the moment they appear in the world. And on the earth they are everywhere ambuscaded by
insatiable reptiles; innumerable lizards prowl about the rubble-stones and nearly everywhere the soil is crammed
with aggressive ants.

The want of protection against the dangers that are unavoidable in the mostly open districts is so great
that more intensely than anywhere else mimicry had to develop, i. e. the disguising of harmless and other
unprotected creatures in the exterior of uneatable or valiant animals. The exterior of immune Danaids and
Acraeids is copied there even by insect-genera which, as for instance the Pseudacraea , Aletis, Mimacraea, belong
to groups that are not influenced by mimicry in the other parts of the world. But not only in the selection
of its copyists, but also in their geographical adaptation to the models the Ethiopian insect-world has
attained such a degree of perfection (as for instance in the female forms of Papilio dardamis ) as is unequalled
in any other faunal region.

The total number of Ethiopian Heterocera known probably does not exceed much more than 10 to
1 1 000. The Macrolepidoptera with about 8000 forms known can hardly be considered to be scantily explored ;
the Microlepidoptera are quite insufficiently known. There are about 1000 large and conspicuous lepidoptera,
most of which belong to the Sphingidae, Saturniidae, Brahmaeidae, Eupterotidae, Lasiocampidae, and Agari-
stidae ; a number of Arctiidae ( Hypsinae ) and Noctuinae as well as single Lymantriidae are of middle size, whilst
the rest are smaller inhabitants of the steppes or deserts from the families of Noctuulae, Zygaenidae, Syntomidae,
Geometridae, and some other families.

As to the colouring, the Heterocera flying during the day are also mostly sand-coloured, in as much as
they inhabit the vast steppes and brushwoods. In the Hylaea, however, there occur also many decorative
and glossy colours. In the same way as with the Rhopalocera some districts are enlivened by great numbers
of Cliaraxes , Papilio , Amauris , and Euphaedra almost just as intensely as many districts of India and America,
we also find with the Heterocera in various places great numbers of the magnificently coloured Agaristidae,
metal-glossy Zygaenidae and Syntomidae , and large glaringly coloured Noctuulae, such as Miniodes, Anna,
Heliophisma etc., so that even many districts of Africa, such as the Drakens Berge, Cameroon and Gabun,
parts of Benguella and many districts on the coast of Upper Guinea exhibit a more conspicuous abundance
and more intense chromatic effects than in the well-known abundant vegetations of Ceylon, Bangkok, Cam-
bodja, or also some well-irrigated countries of America. In the whole of Central and South Africa, however,
as well as on the coasts of the Red Sea, of the Somaliland and the South Atlantic coasts we come across
an unmistakable predominance of small and insignificant lepidopteral forms, so that the macrolepidopteral
fauna of many African steppe-countries does not make a more imposing impression than the microlepidopteral
faunae of South America, Australia, or Japan do.

In addition to this, there are, as we have already mentioned above for the Rhopalocera , rather few
gigantic forms. We have stated that the Saturniidae are the only ones of all the Heterocera containing a greater
number of imposing species found in the African Fauna, which will be mentioned yet later on. Among the
Noctuulae there is only P alula macrops, being common to nearly all the warmer parts of the Old World, that
exceeds the average middle size by its expanse of about 12 cm; the otherwise well represented Lymantriidae
(about 500 forms) mostly exhibit a very modest size, and the greatest part of the Arctiidae are rather small,
whilst the Lasiocampidae, of which 401 Ethiopian forms are known to-day, are stout and clumsy, but only
in the $-forms of very few species exhibit a larger expanse of wings than some Pacliypasa, Taragama, Go-
nometa, Philotherma do.

In as much as the Ethiopian Heterocera are not fond of flying in the sunshine as the Agaristidae, Zygaenidae,
the Chrysisidia, Aletis , Otroeda, Cartaletis, they seem to live very much in concealment. Even in long journeys
through the grassy steppe there are generally very few Heterocera met with, even then when the plains are
still alive with numbers of specimens of single Teracolus- and A craea- species. But nowhere in the other world

Preface. By Dr. A. Seitz.

11

we notice such an enormous temporal uncertainty of the flight of Heterocera as we do in the more desolate
districts of the Ethiopian region. The very same districts that seem for many months and even for years, if
there is no rain, to be entirely uninhabited and without any insects, may after one of the rarely occurring copious
rainfalls be crammed with lepidoptera, as not even any of the Indian or Brazilian wood-districts abounding
in lepidoptera have to boast of. The number of suddenly appearing Noctuids of the most various species may
then attain such an amount that it cannot be brought in accord with the scanty vegetation which can impossibly
have been sufficient to nourish such an immense number of larvae. In districts, where on endless collections
of boulders there is hardly any isolated caper-bush, a Christ’s thorn, a stunted bush of steppe-grass forcing
its way through the stones, there rise clouds of Heliothis, Prodenia, Cosmophila, Callopistria, Eute.Ua , Ophiusa,
Tarache etc. in front of the pedestrian. Two days after such a rain, which had fallen after almost two years’
pause, I once found near the Bab el Mandeb Strait such immense numbers of Eutelia discistriga , Spodoptera
abyssinica, Callopistria yerburii, Anna melicerta and Cosmophila sabulifera , that I take it to be quite impossible
that the legions of larvae out of which they must have developed, had lived at the same time and fed on the
scanty vegetation. Skertschly reports a quite similar multitudinous appearance of certain butterflies ( Pyra -
meis cardui), and the only explanation for it I can find is that the Noctuid larvae had grown up in long successive
periods before and had pupated in the earth at very different times, until the rain made them creep out all
together, depositing their eggs simultaneously at a time when, as a reaction upon the uncommon rainfalls,
after a short time the earth was covered with a delicate green veil produced by the vegetation newly awoke
from its summer-sleep which had lasted for months or years.

As in the other faunae also in the Ethiopian Region the conditions of the vegetation have the greatest
influence upon the occurrence of the Heterocera. Beginning from the 10th to the 15th degrees of northern
latitude to the north as far as the Atlas-countries, Africa is almost treeless, 'and from the Southern Tropic to
the Cape, wherever the country has not been brought under cultivation, an entirely treeless steppe extends,
intermixed with low bushes. Tropical woodland being particularly favourable to the development of insects,
extends from Cape Verde (which itself, however, is still rather barren) to the south in a broad belt as far as
the basin of the Congo, which it fills up to an immense extent, stretching across a district of 20 degrees
of longitude and 15 of latitude. Then follows in all directions grass-land being the pasture of immense multitudes
of game; in some parts it is mixed with dense, thorny hedges and surmounted by single, partly gigantic trees,
mostly Mimosae, Acaciae, and sycamores, or also studded with palms. A dense, but less broad forest-belt covers
the coast opposite Madagascar and this island itself even as far as its most central, alpine part which is still
little known.

The whole western coast of Africa, from Loanda to Cape Town, is sandy country. Excepting a very
short grassy part in the more humid districts, the country is yellow, dry and burnt. Barren, stony soil, in
some places undulating like downs, bordered by bare, rocky hills in the interior. From there a wide, hot plain,
the ,,Buschvelt“, extends towards Bechuanaland, growing more and more desolate and barren, as far as the
partly quite dead Kalahari Desert. Only in the direction of the Karroo and the plains near Pretoria there
begin again richer pastures, and only in Natal and Transvaal complete forests set in again, though they are
frequently' not very extensive.

The DesertFaunais nothing but a scanty residue composed of few tenacious but mostly stunted
forms of the lepidopteral fauna. Particularly'- cosmopolitans penetrate into the bare deserts from the neighbouring
countries, which presumably are also often dying out. though they are supplemented again by new accessions.
Utetheisa pulchella, Nemophila noctuella, species of Grammodes and Anna are to be found yet in the scanty7 bushes
which are the last branches of the vegetable kingdom, vanishing in the sands like advanced outposts.

This scanty desert-fauna is opposed by that of the Highland- Savannas-, it is not rich in species, but
in specimens, the flying-time of which is mostly very short. Of the Heterocera mostly small species belong to
it ; but wherever the brushwood becomes more abundant, where the scattered gigantic trees with their frequently
far expanded crowns protect the humid soil a little longer from the parching rays of the sun, they are already
joined by larger forms of Sphingidae, large Nocluidae, and diurnal Agaristidae, Syntomidae and Arctiidae.

The transition of this second group to the last and richest, the Forest-Fauna, already takes
place • — as Arnold Schltltze states — where the first portions of forests begin, even if they are yet separated
from the real Hylaea by interspersed steppes of a considerable extent. This last, third fauna of the forest-
district is by far the most exuberant, and wherever alternative mountainous countries or deeply indented valleys
of rivers make the primeval forests thinner in some places, we meet in nearly all parts of Equatorial Central
Africa with that abundance of lepidoptera which we have mentioned above to attain or even exceed that of
many Indian and South American regions that are celebrated as being very7 rich in insects.

The lepidopteral fauna of Tropical Africa is very strangely independent of the adjoining fauna of
Madagascar, which exhibits remarkably little resemblance with the neighbouring African litoral, in which,
however, many authors have noticed a strong leaning to the Indian Fauna. On examining the species of

12

Preface. By Dr. A. Seitz.

Madagascar more minutely, however, with respect to the entomic fauna this relationship to the Indian Fauna
is by no means so close and amazing as it might have seemed at first. Certainly many genuine Ethiopian lepidop-
teral groups are entirely absent in Madagascar, but probably above all for the reason that the part of the island
which was hitherto explored does not possess any real savannas, so that the vast multitude of animals occurring
in the African steppes does not exist here. On the other hand, however, there are still singular groups, such
as the genus Chrysiridia, common to both Madagascar and the continent opposite it. Nor is Papilio anterior,
from Madagascar, particularly closely allied to the Indian Pharmacophagus, and the Pemphigostola, which
at first was taken to be closely allied with the Indo-Australian Synemon, has of late been considered to be
ralated with the (chiefly African) Agaristidae. Nevertheless the district of Madagascar with its satellite islands
and the Comoro Is., Seychelles, Amirante Is., Mascarene Is., Reunion and Mauritius abounds in peculiarities
also with respect to its Heterocera.

The range of single families of the Heterocera in the Ethiopian region has already been mentioned in
the Preface to Vol. XIII. p. 5 to 7. In the meantime our knowledge, particularly of the Central African Fauna,
has considerably improved, though some species are of such a peculiar nature that it is still very difficult
to range them within the families having been hitherto established.

Pemphigostola and Apoprogenes, for instance, are such forms not rangeable into any of the families
of Heterocera known to this day. We therefore place them to the beginning of this volume. Hampson combines
both in one special family, whilst Strand places the former as a separate subfamily to the Castniidae; in case
this latter enlistment is considered to be wrong (as other modern authors do), the Castniidae have no represen¬
tatives known at all in the Ethiopian Region.

As to the Zygaenidae, we have already mentioned in Vol. XIII that several subfamilies of them
occur in the Ethiopian Region. The H imantopterini with their peculiarly changed hindwings which are sometimes
reduced to linear stripes are widely distributed in tropical Africa, although the single species are apparently
localized and confined to parts of the country that are interspersed with termitaries. The Chalcosiina s. however,
which were mentioned in Vol. XIII as being absent in Africa, with but one exception, are according to recent
investigations not at all represented in the Ethiopian Region, since the exception mentioned above has proved
to be due to an error in literature. • — Of the Phaudinae, however, of which scarcely a dozen forms are known
in the Indo-Australian Fauna, there occur twice as many species in the Ethiopian Region. Most of the Ethiopian
Phaudinae, however, differ rather much in the habitus from the Indo- Australians. - — The subfamily of Pom-
postolinae with their 30 forms are purely African. The Zygaeninae, finally, containing more than a hundred
forms, which are entirely inferior to the Chalcosiinae in the Indo-Australian Region, occur in the Ethiopian
Region in numerous forms quite similar to the palearctic Zygaena, and can sometimes scarcely be separated
generically from their South -European allies. Here we also find some resemblances in the habitus with Synto¬
midae occurring at the same habitat, in quite a similar way as between races of the European Zygaena ephialtes
and Syntomis phegea.

The Syntomidae with more than 200 species are almost equal to the number of species in the Indian
Fauna, but are by far exceeded by America. They generally neither occur in such multitudes as in America
where sometimes nearly all the blossoms on flowery meadows are occupied by Syntomidae. In the Ethiopian
Region, however, really gigantic forms are developed, as for instance in the genus Balacra, which attain an
expanse of about 7 cm; a remarkable fact is that their increasing size produces a predilection to nocturnal habits.
But there occur also species allied with the two European Syntomidae, and many Ethiopian species of Syntomis,
Epitoxis, and Apisa approximate the European Syni. phegea, whereas the palearctic Dysauxes are closely allied
to the Ethiopian Micronaclia, Stictonaclia, Thyrosticta etc. occurring particularly in Madagascar.

The Arctiidae of the Ethiopian Region have been briefly characterized in Vol. XIII, p. 5. The Litho-
siinae mostly exhibit, as also often in the other faunae, very small species of an insignificant yellow or grey
colouring. — The (42) Nolinae, except one, belong to the same genera as their European allies do, from which
they do not differ much in any respect. As much as we know of the little known larvae, the application of
head-cases forming a crown-like crest on the vertex seems to refer also to African species, and some Ethiopian
forms exhibit the same peculiarity also found in other parts of the world, i. e. some parts of the wings showing
the scales raised into rough pads. — As Hypsinae was considered that division of the large Arctiid family which
corresponds to the Asota, Agape, Euplocia etc. of the Indian Fauna and to the Pericopinae of the American
Fauna and which is represented in tropical Africa by a large number of imposing species, which number, however,
is by far inferior to the species in the Indo-Australian Region (above 150) and in the American Region (about
350). — The Spilosominae are the most numerous among the Ethiopian Arctiidae, mostly occurring here in
medium-sized, white, sand-coloured or neutrally coloured forms which are partly quite similar to the Europeans.

Of the Micrarctiinae resp. Callimorphinae only the very widely distributed (almost cosmopolitan) Utetheisa,
Argina etc. occur, whereas just the genera containing most species and predominating on the northern hemisphere,
the Ocnogyna, Phragmatobia etc. are almost entirely absent in the Ethiopian Region. The same is the case
with the Arctiinae (in a restricted sense), of which we have already mentioned in the Preface (Vol. XIII) that

Preface. By Dr. A. Seitz.

13

they are confined to the northern temperate zone in which the Ethiopian faunal region does not take part
anymore. — As to the N yctemerinae, the African forms are on the whole mostly very similar to the Indo- Australians.
A particularly remarkable fact, however, is that the solitary cases of mimicry which we presumed to occur
in the Indian Nyctemera *) also occur just as sporadically in Ethiopian Africa.

The Lymantriidae, without counting the Noctuae and Geometridae, have the greatest number of species
among all the families of Heterocera in the Ethiopian macrolepidopteral fauna. The small number of large forms,
however, is very remarkable; in vain do we look in Africa for gigantic forms such as the Australian Chelepteryx
collesi (expanse 17 cm) or the Indian Lymantria lunata and Dasychira grossa (expanse 14 cm). They are mostly
rather small lepidoptera of a yellow, grey or white colour, exhibiting the habitus of our palearctic Euproctis-
or Leucoma- species which, however, sometimes occur in an enormous number of specimens.

The Lasiocampidae, on the other hand, contain quite a number of large forms in Africa. The +2
of many Pachypasa, Gonometa, Taragama exhibit an extremely bulky structure of the body, whereas the
Catalebeda and Philotherma have also very large wings. But particularly the larvae of such stout species attain
an enormous size which even greatly surpasses that of the European species of Pachypasa otus and Gastropacha
populifolia.

In Bombycidae Africa is extremely poor. In the palearctic northern part of the continent this family
altogether comprising hardly 70 species, is entirely absent, and the only allies, such as Endromis and Minna
which form the transition to the Agliinae, do not occur anymore in Africa. The Brahmaeidae, however, which
represent the Agliinae in Africa to some extent, contain 8 forms, thus more than in any other fauna.

The Saturniidae, the total number of which presumably amounts to about 700 species, have nearly
a third of all forms known living in the Ethiopian Region. Although it is true that the genera containing 'the
largest species, such as the Attacus and Coscinocera, are absent in Africa, yet we meet among the Antheraea,
Philosamia, Epiphora and Actias enough gigantic lepidoptera in the Ethiopian Region. The African Bunaea
exhibit an otherwise rare perfection of size and splendour of colours, and the Gynanisa and Henucha with their
extremely fine and pleasant marking of the forewings together with the magnificent scheme of markings on
the ocellated hindwings probably offer the most beautiful sight found in the lepidoptera! kingdom. - — At the
same time there occur in Africa the smallest Saturniidae that are known, such as Ludia and Bolocera , the GG
of which sometimes scarcely have an expanse of more than 3 cm and hang in the bushes like small shrunk
leaves. — On the whole, the Saturniidae are the most common family of Heterocera occurring in the Ethiopian
Region.

Of the approximately 1000 forms known of the Sphingidae, the Ethiopian Region contains about more
than one fifth. On surveying these 200 or more Ethiopian forms, we are met with the same constancy in the
exterior which also characterizes the Sphingidae of the other faunal regions. We see death’s heads (Acherontia
atropos extending to the south as far as the Cape and apparently being nowhere absent in the Ethiopian Region),
Macroglossum, Cephonodes, vine hawk-moths ( Hippotion ), oleander hawk-moths ( Deileph . nerii), convolvulus
hawk-moths ( Herse ) partly in the same species as we know from the palearctic or Indian regions. But the
African Sphingidae also exhibit some peculiarities, the genera Euchloron and Basiothia being provided with
green forewings and yellow hindwings, and the genera Lophostethus and N ephele with fenestrated forewings.
In the former genus the Ethiopian Sphingidae also attain their largest expanse (about 14 cm); real giants as
they occur in the American Cocytius ( cluentius with about 20 cm) are not to be found in Africa; but very few
species (for instance some Xanthopan) have an expanse of more than 14 cm as stated above.

As to the other groups dealt with in this volume, we have already summarized them in the 13th volume.
Of the Psychidae, Drepanidae, and Thaumetopoeidae only 2 or 3 dozen forms each have been ascertained in
Ethiopian Africa.

The Eupterotidae, being absent in Europe and comprising about 1000 Ethiopian forms, are apparently
rather closely allied to their Indian allies. The conception of this family, as we have already mentioned, varies
a great deal with the single authors, so that a true idea of their part in the Ethiopian Heterocera can only
be gained by studying the chapter dealing with them in the following volume.

The occurrence of genuine Uraniidae in Africa, however, must be particularly stressed upon. It is
only a very limited part of the Ethiopian Region, i. e. Madagascar and the South-East African continent opposite
it, where these magnificent lepidoptera - — probably the most beautiful feature exhibited in the lepidopteral
kingdom — are met with. The African genus ( Chrysiridia ) has but 2 species (two more having been described
besides them do not exist) the imagines and larvae of which exhibit an extremely close relationship to the
neotropical genus Urania. — The other lepidopteral groups being placed to the Uraniidae are either not
represented at all in Africa (N yctalemoninae, Sematurinae) or only by a moderate number of species, such as
the Epipleminae with about 20 and the Microniinae with somewhat fewer forms, both of which are rather
similar to their Indian allies.

*) Vol. II, p. 103, Nyctem. plagifera and Pieris canidia.

14

Preface. By Dr. A. Seitz.

As to the Notodontidae of the Ethiopian Region, they have likewise been already mentioned. This
family is also regarded in different ways; particularly American groups of lepidoptera containing numbers
of forms have sometimes been placed to the Notodontidae, sometimes to the Eupterotidae, and sometimes they
were ranged in a separate family. The variability of these conceptions explains the great difference in the
numbers stated of this family. He who joins the Apatela- group, the green Rosema , perhaps also yet the Pero-
phoridae or Cymatophoridae with the Notodontidae, will of course come to quite different results from him who
confines them to the Notodontidae in the conception of the old authors. It has even been suggested to comprise
the Thaumetopoeidae in the Notodontidae. If we include the African Anaph .e-group and its allies in the Notodon¬
tidae ■ — as is frequently done • — the number of 200 species, which was stated for Africa as well as India in
Vol. II (p. 283) as being the approximate number (though in 1911), is by far surpassed to-day. - — • We may
at the same time rectify here another statement about the African Notodontidae. In Vol. XIII (p. 6) the absence
of the Dicranura- group, which occurs almost in all the other parts of the world, was reported as a peculiarity
of the Ethiopian Region. Since that time, however, also Cerura were now ascertained in Tropical Africa *).
Still one peculiarity prevails: the Ethiopian Cerura argentine has larvae of the usual Dicranurid shape, but
they are not green as they are everywhere else in the world, but white, with zebra-like black spots.

The Thyrididae and Aegeriidae already form the transition to the ,,Microlepidoptera“. They may
number about 150 species together in the Ethiopian Region; the Aegeriidae frequently exhibit beautiful colours
often with a golden gloss. As in other districts, the Sesiae also in Africa seem to be frequently influenced by
mimicry, which is distinctly shown by their copying the coverings of pollen on bees' legs (genus Melittia).

The subterraneous or endophagous groups of the Cossidae, Zeuzeridae, Arbelidae are represented in
the Ethiopian Region by somewhat more than 100 species, whilst the Chrysopoloniidae of which about 20 forms
are known are entirely confined to this district. Thq Limacodidae have not too many representatives, though
more than twice as many as America, among them the beautiful apple-green Parasa. Most of the African forms
are dwarfs compared with the large forms of the south-eastern palearctic parts and of the Indian Region from
the genera Scopelodes and Natada (of which for instance N. vetulina has an expanse of up to 7 cm).

In Noctuidae the Ethiopian Region abounds more than the Palearctic Region, but it is by far surpassed
by the Indian and particularly the American Regions. An extraordinarily great number of Noctuae are diurnal
flyers, part of which swarm in the sunshine, but mostly fly up in front of the wanderer, in order to settle
down again after a few yards on blades with their heads down. Particularly the Erastrianae (Acontianae) are
represented by neat and very nicely marked and coloured species. The larger Noctuidae occur more rarely;
the incessant persecutions by the innumerable bats decimate their numbers enormously.

The Ethiopian Region is not rich in Geometridae of which we do not know more forms than from
the palearctic countries. Formerly the large West- African Otroeda were joined with them, the habitus of which
looks like that of the Indo- Australian Dysphania ( Hazis , Euschema), but which are perhaps more allied to the
Indian Pterothysanus. However, the inclination for mimicry, which is far spread in the Ethiopian Region and
which we have tried to explain above, forces even genuine Geometridae (such as the Oenochrominae Aletis and
Cartaletis) to take part in this freak of nature.

Of the Microlepidoptera of Africa is generally not yet much known; hardly 3000 species are described;
except the most primitive microlepidoptera, the Eriocraniidae, none of the known families seems to be absent
in the Ethiopian Region.

*) By Arno Schcjltze in: Arcliiv fur Naturgeschichte 82 (1916) A, p. 70.

PHALAENAE; BOMBYCES. By Dr. A. Seitz. CASTNIIDAE. By Dr. E. Strand.

15

Phalaenae.

The Rhopalocera having been dealt with in the 13th volume are neither in the Ethiopian Region without
intermediate stage by which they are connected with the Heterocera. In the American Fauna the Phalaenae
were approached by the Megathymus, in the Indo-Australian by the strange Hesperid Euschemon rajflesiae.
In the African Region Pemphigostola described as Castniida seemed to approximate the Rhopalocera, and besides
the Apoprogenes being described later on represent transitions between Hesperidae and Zygaenidae.

The total proportion between the Phalaenae and Rhopalocera of course varies a great deal according
to the district. In the sun-burnt deserts and steppes without any vegetation it is frequently 1 : 3, if one leaves
out the microlepidoptera which have scarcely yet been investigated in the more inaccessible districts. The
more luxuriant the vegetation grows in a district, the more the Rhopalocera increase in contrast to the Heterocera
which remain rather the same, so that we find the number of forms described, comprehending the Bombyces
and Sphinges which shall be dealt with in this volume, to be in the end rather the same as the number of Rho¬
palocera described up to this day. This equality, however, seems but apparently to be so, since in the more
than 3000 Bombyces and about 180 Sphinges that have been described almost every name signifies a distinct
species, whereas the greatest part of the names of the Rhopalocera can be merely regarded as the denomination
of a local race, a subspecies, an aberration, seasonal form, or as the name for some subordinate form of one of the
numerous polymorphous species.

We have kept up the opposition of the forms inserted in this volume by the collective names of ..Bom¬
byces" and Sphinges1', in order to remain in accord with the only catalogue of Heterocera, which comprises
all the genera dealt with here, and with the numerous monographies that have also followed this catalogue.
The fact that some of the families being dealt with in the following lines would be better placed to the
,, Microlepidoptera" , as they are without bounds of this work, shall not be touched upon the less so since
the ,, Marcolepidoptera “ are meant to deal with those groups that are ranged under this heading in the
collections of most of the readers and users of our work.

I. Division: Bombyces.

The number of families which, according to old custom, are apportioned to this division, lias increased
rather considerably of late. In the Vol. 2, 6 and 10 we have already mentioned what can be told in common
about such heterogeneous forms. The way these families are proportionate to one another is altogether
variable. Of those families that are otherwise represented in the Old World, the Ethiopian Fauna lacks those
of the C ymatophoridae and Callidulidae. A number of smaller groups which, however, might be more cor¬
rectly subordinated as subfamilies in others, such as Endromidae, Lemoniidae, the genera Epicopeia, Epi-
pyrops, Pterothysanus and Cocytius which some authors have likewise raised to the rank of families, are in
Africa likewise without any known representatives, and finally we miss the specifically American groups
of Ceratocampidae, Perophoridae, Dalceridae, and Dioptidae.

The proportion of the total numbers is about such that the number of Bombyces known amounts
to about the same number of 3000 of the Rhopalocera, Noctuae and the whole microlepidoptera, whereas the
Geometridae probably do not quite reach half of this number.

1. Family: Castnsidae.

Referring to what has been said in general of the Castmidae in the Indo-Australian and American parts
of this work we content ourselves with succinctly commenting upon the only Pemphigostolina known from
the African Region; it has been described at large in the ,, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift“ 1909,

16

PEMPHIGOSTOLINAE. By Dr. E. Strand; APOPROGENINAE. By Dr. A. Seitz.

p. 66 359. (Strand. Pemphigostola synemonistis Strd. n. g. n. sp., a peculiar new Castniida from Madagascar,
forming at the same time the type of a new subfamily.)

A. Subfamily Pemphigostolinae Strd.

It corresponds in a great measure with the Australian genus Synemon, particularly in the structure of
the antennae, by the bifurcation of the subcostal and the development of vein 1 c on the forewing, but in
the vein 5 of the hindwing rising from the centre of the discocellular like in the Euschemon genus Apopro-
genes Hmps. and in a vesicle between the median vein and the costal margin in the forewing it differs so
much that it may be fairly separated as a subfamily *).

1. Genus: Pemphigostola Strand.

Antennae similar as in Synemon. Frenulum present and strongly developed. Proboscis well developed.
Fore wing with 12 veins, 1 c being present, 2 more distant from 3 than from 1 c, 3, 4 and 5 at the posterior
angle of the cell, rising almost from the same place, 6 and 7 forked from the anterior angle of the cell, 8
and 9 forked from 7, 10 and 11 from the subcostal vein. Forewing about triangular, elongate, in the ba¬
sal half in front very much inflated like a blister and indented, distal margin straight and very oblique, hind-
margin almost straight, anal angle very broadly rounded. Hindwing projecting far beyond the anal angle of fore¬
wing, costal margin very much bent connex in front, forming almost a right angle with the straight, not very
oblique distal margin, round vein 1 c an obtuse-angled indentation; 8 veins, 2 and 3 from the posterior cell-angle,
5 from the centre of the discocellular vein, 6 and 7 forked from the anterior cell-angle. — But one species:
synemoni- P. synemonistis Strd. (la). <$. Forewing greyish-brown, in the basal area in the anterior half of the

stis- central area and the apex of the costal area ferruginous-brown; the central area is proximally and distally
defined by one white, basally connexly curved transverse line each and exhibits at the costal margin outside
a greyish-white trapezoid spot. Margin dotted black. Hindwing ferruginous brown with an ochre-yellowish
discal transverse spot. Forewing beneath chiefly marked as above, the grey colouring, however, more predo¬
minant. Hindwing beneath brown with a greyish median transverse band and partly irrorated with greyish in
the marginal area. Body grey and brown, vertex and face whitish, thorax above with a white median longitudinal
line; such a line may also be on the abdomen. Expanse of wings: 43, length of wings: 20 mm. Madagascar.

B. Subfamily Apoprogeninae.

Though Strand regards the above-mentioned Pemphigostolinae to be the only African lepidopteral group
being allied to the South Australian Synemon, Hampson connects the following Apoprogenes with the Pem¬
phigostola. He considers them to be not far remote from Euschemon rafflesia (Vol. IX, pi. 163 c) which, how¬
ever, it does not resemble very much. Still the most proper position of all these lepidoptera is in or near
the space between the Rhopalocera and Phalaenae, i. e. near the Castniidae and Zygaenidae. As to further
particulars vid. the following description of the genus.

2. Genus: Apoprogenes Hmps.

The peculiar lepidoptera forming this genus are not yet sufficiently known as to their systematic
position. The circumstance that one specimen was diagnosed the antennae of which were broken off brought
about its being listed among the Geometridae (H emitheinae) where it seemed to belong to by reason of its
neuration. In the forewing the cell is rather short, the cross-vein not angular; the first subcostal is separate,
the 2nd to 5th forked, the 1st radial rising from the cell-apex, the 2nd a little before the centre. The 1st
median branch is separate from the 3rd radial, but near it. The cell of the hindwing is quite short, the 3rd
discocellular curved, growing oblique. The 1st costal branch near the base remote from the cell and moderately
divergent ; the 2nd subcostal branch not forked, the 2nd radial rising before the middle from the cross- vein,
the 1st median branch nearing the 3rd radial. — In the habitus the typical species superficially resembles
several Noctuidae flying at the same place, such as certain Parallelia or Achaea which it may perhaps resemble
in flying. The forewing exhibits the Gatoccda-marking so often met with in the Noctuae, whilst in the hindwing
a lighter basal part contrasts with a black broad distal band. Quite peculiar, however, are the palpi being
subuliform or nail-shaped, as exhibited by the Cocytia or Asota, also the Eligma , a formation being quite uncom¬
mon in Geometrids. The most remarkable feature, however, are the antennae which have helped the few
lepidoptera reckoned hereto to be placed into a separate family. They are shaped like the antennae of a Zygaena

* ) The separation of the genus Euschemon as a subfamily has not been retained in this work. As to further particulars,
compare Vol. IX, in the treatise on Euschemon rafflesiae, which we range among the Hesperidae, Subf. Hesperiinae. (A. Seitz.)

Publ. 10. IV. 1926.

ANCARISTA; MUSURGINA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

curled, terminating in a slightly curved club, but entirely unlike the knobbed antennae of the Pemphigostola,
so that they cannot be well combined. We keep them separated here, and as they do not approximate any
other lepidopteral group more closely than the Zygaeninae, we range them in their neighbourhood. As to their
habits, larvae, foodplant etc., nothing is known to me.

A. hesperistis limps. (= [Oedimatopis] jansei Prt.) (1 a). In the $ the head, thorax and abdomen hesperist
are black, with fine grey hairs and scales. Forewing dark lead-coloured, speckled and striated in black, whereby
a very hazily defined antemedian, median, and 2 undulated postmedian lines are produced. Above the base
of vein 1 a minute flesh-coloured spot, an obsolete whitish transverse bar behind the cell, and a small light
triangle before the apex; before the margin light internerval dots. Hindwing blackish-brown with a basally
light costal area and a light post-cellular transverse patch, the proximal area and distal area separated by a
light stripe; fringes of both wings speckled. Zulu-Land and Transvaal.

3. Genus: Aiicarista Jord.

It is very doubtful whether the insect placed to this genus is ranged best here. The species has
been described as Ovios, together with another exteriorly similar species (capensis H ,-S chaff .), and then removed
to the Agaristid genus Euschirropterus (which otherwise occurs only in America), but in modern catalogues
it has been left out. The antennae are nevertheless very similar to those of the Agaristidae, slightly swelling
up towards the end and then bent over like a hook in a similar way as those of Apoprogenes. Far more peculiar,
however, are the palpi, the last joint being knobbed like a drum stick, but in the stem of this knob slightly
turned downwards and hardly scaled. The frons exhibits a horny plate the upper ridge of which protrudes
somewhat out of the vertical hair. • — As the species is not mentioned in the African Agaristidae. we range it here,
near Pemphigostola which would perhaps be also more correctly placed to the Agaristidae. It may be that also
Paratuerta marshalli Hmps. belongs hereto.

A. laminifer Saalm. (la). Forewing greyish-brown, with a silvery, pierced longitudinal stripe above lamini/e
the submedian; hindwing yolk-coloured with a slightly undulate margin edged with brown. Madagascar.

This species most strikingly and accurately exhibits the colouring of Tuerta leucographa (Vol. XV, pi. 4 d),
so that we might think of mimicry, unless there exists a relationship indeed. The Ovios themselves form a
group placed near Seudyra which is undoubtedly allied with the Agaristidae , but listed in the ,,Catal. Lep.
Phalaen.“ far remote from them almost at the end of Hampson’s large subfamily Acronyctinae, though its
position is without any doubt owing to the unmistakable Agaristid-larva living on Ampelideae.

4. Genus: Jffiisairgima Jord.

This genus is just as difficult to range as the preceding ones, since it is connected with the Castniidae
by peculiarities in the neuration and with the Agaristidae by numerous other characteristics among which
there is also a stridulation-apparatus. A frontal appendage (represented in the preceding genus by a horny
plate) has here the shape of a flatly stunted cone. The stridulation-organ is a grooved surface without scales
on the forewing beneath, occupying the whole cell and the area below it as far as a tubular branch of the
submedian extending instead of the fold above the submedian almost to the margin. This stridulation-organ
has presumably also caused the peculiar shape of the wings: the forewing has an uncommonly long costal margin
and a very short hind-margin, being thus very long extended, but nevertheless with a rounded apex. Antenna
with a strong, pointed club.

M. laeta Jord. Size a trifle smaller than Pemph. synemonistis (length of forewing: I s V2 mm), taeta.
Colouring entirely like that of Agaristidae, almost exactly that of the American Copidryas cosyra (Vol. VII,
pi. 1 a), whereas the shape of the forewing approximates that of Euschirropterus valkeri. Forewing reddish-
brown with a broad, in front and behind tapering longitudinal band from the base to the rounded apex. Abdomen
and hindwing orange, the latter with a broad black margin. Madagascar (San Diego).

This scheme of colouring is almost only found in Agaristidae, both in Americans ( Copidryas , Tuerta
etc.) and in Africans {A egocera, Syfanoidea ); in the same way as the colouring of the preceding species ( laminifer )
is found in America ( Gerrodes minataea , Vol. VII, pi. 1 k) and in Africa ( Tuerta leucographa, Vol. XV, pi. 4 d).

The stridulation-apparatus in the forewing is also parallelled in the membrane of Darceta jalcata in America
and Hecatesia fenestrata in Australia. The transference of all the Pemphigostolinae from the Castniidae to the
Agaristidae may therefore be well-founded, what Jordan has already carried out.

XIV

3

18

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Castniidae.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the Ethiopian Castniidae.

* signifies that the form is also figured at the place cited.

hesperitis Apoprogenes Hmps. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, laminifer Ancarista Saalm. Ber. Senckenb.-Ges. 1877/8, p. 91.

p. 137. * synemonistis Pemphidostola Strd. Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1909,

laeta Musurgina Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 28, p. 71. * [ p. 665.

ZYGAENIDAE. General Topics. By Dr, A, Seitz.

19

2. Family: Zygaemdae, Burnet-Moths.

To what K. Jordan has already said in Vol. II (p. 3), Vol. VI (p. 21) and Vol. X (p. 5) we merely add
some remarks on the systematic position of the Zygaenidae. Whilst the neuration makes ns presume that
the Zygaenidae have developed from a rather old branch of the lepidopteral tribe, the representatives of this
group known to-day represent themselves as highly specialized insects being in the most perfect degree adapted
to the very latest epoch of our earth. They exhibit thereby a similar behaviour as the Castniidae, for which
reason we let them follow here. They likewise contain many species imitating butterflies in so unmistakable
a way that they can only be regarded as copies of them. These copyists are butterflies met with in the Asiatic
branch of the Zygaenid family, the Chalcosiinae. We find the most peculiar fact that a family exhibits in one
of its branches the most conspicuous mimicry, whilst another branch ( Zygaeninae ) show a just as distinct
internal protection (unedibleness). The Chalcosiinae partly copy well protected lepidoptera, such as Danais,
Euploea, Pharmacophagus, Nyctemera, but partly also Pieridae (such as Ch. pura, pieroides, Cycl. hecabe) or
also Geometridae, which fact is nowhere else so unmistakably evident as for instance in the Chalcosiinae species
Eucorma intercisa copying a Milionea, and Psaphis euschemoides copying a Diaphania. Although we do not
know in what the protection of these models consists, jet we cannot doubt of their being protected, as we see
them flying entirely unmolested from one blossom to the other, in the midst of the most variegated butterflies.
Sometimes only the $ is protected and the not, as in Cyclosia papilionaris (Vol. X, pi. 3 a), and in such cases
the two sexes also show a different behaviour. Whereas, for instance, the CC °f Cycl. papilionaris, in
cpiite a similar way as the red-dotted Zygaena, cling to the blossoms from which they drink, their $$ mostly
fly around those places where also their models (in this instance Danais simplex or similarly coloured species)
frequently bustle about in great numbers. Sometimes it occurs that both sexes are mimetic, the $, however,
to a higher degree. Thus both sexes of Trypanophora argyrospila are similar to a Polystes-Yike wasp which
is common at its chief habitats (the cemeteries in the Island of Hongkong); the $ of the imago, however, copies
this wasp in so minute a way that only after long practice it is possible to discern them, which is besides rendered
more difficult by the fact that numerous Syntomis polymita fly at the same place. The $ of this Trypanophora
exhibits besides a fictitious spike at the end of the abdomen, which is distinctly visible in the very cpiiet way
of buzzing of this insect. Chiefly Aculeates and Rhopalocera are copied, and are thus products of the most
modern epochs of creation.

Another method of procuring the safety by other animals seems to be applied by the peculiar subfamily
of Himantopterinae. There seems to exist here a kind of symbiosis with termites serving them as defenders
or guards.

In the Phaudinae we notice again so distinct a way of mimicry that even the eyes of experts may be
deceived ; thus certain scarlet Phauda copy Lygaeidae, several of them settling on the same leaf and running
about on it, without making use of their wings, like the gregariously living Lygaeidae which the Phauda resembles.
On the other hand, the Phaudina Pryeria sinica (Vol. II, pi. la) is almost invariably seen swarming about
like a Tenthredinide of the exterior of our Lyda- species. Thus the habits of the mimetic species corroborate
the effect of the copied exterior.

In contrast with these groups being in a certain manner associated with other insects, are the real
Zygaeninae showing a great independency in colour and shape from their surroundings. Particularly the
South- and East-African genera Zutulba, Orna, Neurosymploca, which are allied to the European Zygaena,
are distinctly protected by interior saps in the same way as the Zygaena themselves. The bitterest enemies
and murderers in the insect-kingdom, the Asilidae, seem to shun the Zygaena even in those districts, where
they represent the most copious and most accessible prey, as for instance in North Africa. The reptiles like¬
wise seem to scorn the Zygaena as food. Mr. Burgeff told me that he quite unexpectedly threw Zygaena to

20

ZYGAENLDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

lizards which he had accustomed to being fed with edible insects, whereupon they greedily snapped at them,
but instantly tore them again out of their mouths with their forefeet and then rubbed their mouths on
the stones. The sap of the Zygaena therefore apparently possesses corrosive, burning or at least most
obnoxious qualities. It is yellow, oily and has a smell like that of beetles from the genus Coccinella , though
somewhat more caustic.

This preservative, an obnoxious quality of the blood-sap, probably increased yet by glandular secretions
is particularly found in the Zygaeninae ; as mentioned above, it is replaced by mimicry in the Chalcosiinae,
though not all of them are mimetic; that some of them, particularly rnanv Chalcosia themselves, are pursued,
is already obvious from their flight which, whilst in the protected Zutulba , Orna etc. it is quite steady and
rectilinear, in the pursued species is oscillating and dancing, a motion noticed in all the unprotected Heterocera
flying in daytime. It is the dancing motion and doubling which we know from the $($ of Orgyia antiqua,
Lymantria dispar, Drepana cultraria, and Bupalus piniarius, and which renders it very difficult to the enemy,
e. g. the bird, to snatch the insect, much more difficult than might be thought considering the nimbleness of
swallows and similar enemies of insects.

As to the larvae of the Ethiopian Zygaena very little is known. The larva of Zutulba namaqua
is very much like those of many European Zygaena-, it is whitish with rosy tinted dorsal sides and longitudinal
rows of thick black dots. The shape is entirely like that of wood-lice, somewhat recalling that of Lycaenid
larvae; the food-plant, of which Fawcett figures a leaf*), is a Dicotyledon the name of which, however,
he cannot state.

Otherwise the food of the Zygaenid larvae known thus far almost invariably consists of highly developed
plants which we are used to consider as belonging to the most modern epoch of creation, and this choice of
the food-plant also makes us conclude that the Zygaenidae themselves represent a final shoot and not an
old basal branch of the lepidopteral tribe. An uncommonly great number of these larvae live on cultivated
plants, such as the vine ( Procris ), on tea ( Soritia angustipennis , Eterusia cingala ), on cockshead ( Zygaena carnio-
lica) etc. Nearly all the European Zygaena live on species of Papilionaceae, i. e. that group of plants which,
together with the Acaciae, Mimosae, Swartzieae, Caesalpineae represent the most highly developed shoot of
the pedigree of plants; thus already the denominations {Zyg. trifolii, orobi, medicaginis, hedysari, coronillae,
hippocr epulis, glycyrrhizxe, cytisi, astragali **) etc.) shows that the chief food of most of the species of Zygaena
consists of Trifolieae.

The presumption of the Zygaenid tribe not pertaining to an old epoch owing to their association with
the most highly developed plants of the most modern creation, is still more corroborated by the habits of the
imagines. As a rule, the phylogenetically oldest lepidoptera are nocturnal, as by far most of the Heterocera,
many species among the oldest Rhopalocera ***), by far most of the Microlepidoptera etc. The Zygaenidae,
however, are decidedly diurnal; they almost without exception fly during the hottest time of the day and
in the warmest season of the year. We do not know a single winter-lepidopteron among this family; even
the hibernating larvae go to their winter-camps at quite an uncommonly early period (in August); the larva
of the only European Zygaenida living in the Alps [Zyg. exulans) is black, which colour is uncommon in its
genus, but intensifies the warm effect of every ray of sunshine. Preferred habitats are sunny meadows and burning
slopes of rocks, so that we have the impression that the Zygaenidae look for the warmth of the sun even there
where genuine diurnal lepidoptera of other groups flee into the shade. Whether such intensely scorching heat
of the sun, as is absolutely necessary for the genuine Zygaeninae, has ever existed in former epochs at all. is
probably at least doubtful.

The Zygaenidae frequently exhibit glossy metal-colours. Genera containing a great number of species
( Pollanisus , Procris) are only composed of such colours. Already the nearest allies of our Zygaena being provided
with dull black, red -spotted forewings exhibit in the more sunny districts of the Mediterranean coast a distinct
metal lustre, such as the Z. stoechadis, medusa , occitanica etc. Among the Chalcosiinae there are species with
a magnificent reflection, such as Erasmia pulchella , Pompelon marginata , Cyclosia midamia, Pidorus splendens
etc. The South Asiatic Callizygaena ada combines on the forewing the bronze colours blue, yellow, and red.
Presumably metallic colours are of frequent occurrence also in older groups of insects, but such an aggregation
of glossy colours in one family, as in the Zygaenidae, does not argue in favour of old age.

The geographical range of the Zygaenidae is likewise opposed to the presumption of old age for this
lepidopteral branch. Old tribes of animals are generally presumed to be rather universally distributed. Even
if some of the numerous submerged primitive bridges, which are supposed by various explorers to have existed
in former epochs, should prove to be merely imaginary, yet the old animal families had decidedly more chances

*) Transact. Zoolog. Soc. London 15, pi. 49.

**) This of course refers only to those names derived from the food- plant of the larvae, not to Zyg. cedri, whose larvae
do not feed on cedars, but whose imagines are particularly common on the Atlas mountains studded with cedars; to Z. scabiosae
whose imagines are fond of resting on Scabiosae, whereas the larva lives on clover etc.

***) Among the Rhopalocera feeding on monocotyledons the Brassolidae (larval food: palms), Amathusia, Zeuxidia,
Thaumantis, Discophora (food: bamboo), most of the Lethe (Lethe sikelis begins to swarm at 8)4 p. m. ; food: dwarf-bamboo) ;
besides many Hesperids, such as Erionota thrax (food: Musa), species of Parnara (food: rice, palms) etc.

ZYGAENIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

21

of expansion than those having only developed in modern times. We notice, however, the range of the Zygaenid
species confined to such a degree as is hardly known of any other family of lepidoptera. The genus Zygaena,
of which more than 100 forms are distributed in the Mediterranean region, radiates with but one form into
Eastern Asia, and of the almost 400 Asiatic Chalcosiinae not one reaches Europe. More quickly and sooner
the Zygaeninae disappear towards the polar regions, being an inevitable consequence of their heliophily. But
also the single forms for themselves exhibit a frequently uncommonly limited range. There are forms whose
habitats do not extend beyond a certain mountain-slope; some only occur in certain valleys or they are confined
to distinctly limited habitats. Their sudden disappearance at the place where the character of the country
is in the least changed, proves them to be bound to local or climatic conditions which cannot have existed for
a long time in the very same combination, so that it seems to be out of the question that forms of such great
climatic dependency may have existed in foimer, quite different epochs in this sensitive form.

The total impression gained from the different genera also argues in favour of the opinion that the
present Zygaenidae are from the very latest epochs. The division of every single species into a great number
of well distinguished subordinate forms and races *) makes it appear likely that the Zygaenidae are far from
that fixedness generally attained by animal forms of a high phyletic age, being the consequence of infinitely
long generations. Species, such as Cyclosia midamia, that have numerous well distinguished local races, i. e.
that evidently are able to copy without difficulty the most advantageous model lepidopteron in any country,
can impossibly be old. Even where there is no evident reason for the formation of races as mentioned above,
as in Cyclosia pieridoides, in many European Zygaena etc., frequently a splitting into local races takes place
as we find it to be in phyletically younger Rhopalocera, but never in older lepidoptera, in the microlepidoptera,
Cossidae, Hepialidae, even scarcely in any of the other lepidoptera! group reckoned to the ,,Bombyces“ or
,,Sphinges‘( in the old sense.

The most striking argument in favour of the modern character of the Zygaenidae is their propensity
for cross-breeding. Whilst we formerly took our proofs from the exterior, the great number of cross-breeds
amongst various species of Zygaena shows us that the scent of the species inducing the couples to copulate
is still so little differentiated that the insects find it more difficult to distinguish their single species than could
be noticed with any other lepidopteral group. Among the immense number of Syntomid couples I was able
to watch, I have never observed a cross-breed, whereas in the Zygaena it occurred several times. Standfuss
even yielded larvae from erroneously copulated so that it is not out of the question that even a real
imprecation takes place. Beside the equality of the scent of the species, an effective cross-breed also presupposes
a certain homogeneousness of the genitals which are otherwise regarded as the best mark of distinction of
species, the specifically very exact composition usually opposes a mechanic resistance to cross-breeding.

Under such circumstances the separation of species in the different genera of Zygaenidae is often only
to be considered as provisional. Those genera causing the greatest difficulties in this respect, such as Proc-ris
and Pollanisus, apparently do not occur anymore in the Ethiopian Region. Of the former this seems to be
certain, whereas of Pollanisus one species from West Africa was described by Holland. As this genus is
reckoned to the Chalcosiinae, we had mentioned their occurrence in the Ethiopian Region in the Preface of
Vol. XIII (p. 5); however, the author is apparently mistaken, since he seems te have had before him a Homo-
phylotis (may-be catori) in establishing his Pollanisus obscurissimus. Our remark that of the Chalcosiinae but
one single species occurs in the Ethiopian Region, would therefore have to be corrected.

Finally, we beg to point out that a great many Zygaeninae are decided flower-insects, most preferably
met with on Scabiosae, umbels, and above all on Thymus, Lavendula, Echium, Epilobium, Origanum and
many Labiatae and Trifolieae. As also the variegated, scented blossoms abounding in honey are considered
to be one of the modern achievements of our creation, this fondness for blossoms found in nearly all the Zygae¬
ninae and Chalcosiinae tells more in favour of the modern character of the family than for the assumption that
they are to be regarded as an old relic **).

Of the 5 divisions into which the Zygaenidae are split, 4 occur in the Ethiopian Region: the Himantop-
terini (= Thymaridae auct.), the Phaudinae , Pompostolinae, Zygaeninae.

*) We do not mean the excessive denominations for every accessory spot or abdominal ring, but only the real
designations of races.

**) Even those authors whose investigations are chiefly based upon anatomical marks, are forced to own the fact
that the Zygaeninae rank very highly in the lepidopteral pedigree. In dealing with the modern systematic researches, Tutt
says, speaking of Chapmann’s results: he states, that the Zygaenidae in many respects take a high place (Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond. 1895, p. 531).

Division; HIMANTOPTERUS ; SEMIOPTILA. By M. Gaede.

90

Division.

As the Pompostolinae take here the place of the Asiatic Chalcosiinae being absent in Africa, we have
also in the Ethiopian Region 4 subfamilies:

A. Himantopterinae : proboscis and palpi stunted, frenulum absent. Hindwing transformed into a
long narrow tail.

B. Phaudinae: as above, but hindwing of normal shape.

C. Pompostolinae: palpi and proboscis present. On the forewing only one hindmarginal vein. In
the hindwing vein 8 more or less fused with the cell. Antennae typically Zygaena-\\ke.

D. Zygaeninae: palpi and proboscis present. On the fore wing two hindmarginal veins. In the hindwing
vein 8 is mostly connected with the cell by a fillet.

A. Subfamily: Himantopterinae.

Proboscis and palpi stunted. Antennae of $ with very long, in the $ short pectinations. All the tibiae
without spurs. Forewing elongate, distal margin long, passing over in a large curve into the short hind-margin.
Hindwing very narrow, so that the veins can hardly be ascertained. The larvae of the Indo-Australian species
are presumed to live with termites. With the Ethiopian species probably the same is the case. For further
particulars about this subfamily cf. Vol. X, p. 5. The genera exhibit partly 2, partly but 1 hindmarginal vein.
We begin with the former.

1. Genus: Himasctopierus Wesm.

Forewing without small precostal veins, the upper cell-angle projecting very far. All the veins separate,
3 veins proceeding from the anterior margin of the cell. Type : fuscinervis Wesm.

fuscinervis. H. fuscinervis Wesm. has already been dealt with in Vol. X p. C and figured there on pi. 1 d. Forewing

yellow, hindwing dark and filiform. This species described from Java is said to occur also in Africa. It is probably
a mistake.

2. Genus: &eiaiio]>tila Btlr.

In the forewing the 2nd to 4th veins are far remote from each other, vein 5 nearer to 6, 7 + 8 + 9
forked, 10 absent, frequently also the anterior part of the cross- vein. The species all have dark brown wings
with an orange spot at the cross-vein. Type: torta Btlr.

iorta. S. torta Btlr. Proximal half of forewing ferruginous-red. Hindwing uniformly narrow, only in the

mcishuna. middle slightly widened, where there is an orange spot. — mashuna Rothsch. is paler. Hindwing with a larger
lobe and a larger spot. Tail half as long as the hindwing is broad at the broadest part. Expanse 22 mm. Congo,
Mashuna-Lancl.

ansorgei. S„ ansorgei Rothsch. Body, proximal area of forewing und proximal third of hindwing yellow. Hindwing

rather unifonnly broad in its whole length, only in the middle and at the end mostly somewhat widened.
Angola.

Irogolobci. S. trogoloba Hmps. Forewing almost to the cell-end and anal angle orange, costal margin and distal

area dark brown. Hindwing with a moderately projecting lobe, below it strongly indented. As far as the lobe
yellowish-orange, then dark. On the lower part of the lobe an orange spot. Expanse: 20 to 24 mm. East Africa.

latifulva. S. latifulva Hmps. Forewing in the cell and as far as the margin near vein 2 orange. Hindwing at

the base somewhat broader, then a long narrow tail; in the first half orange, at % a short yellow streak; below
it very slightly widened. Expanse 20 mm. East Afiica.

hilar is. S. flilaris Rbl. V ings of a bright orange-red in the centre and below vein 2. Hindwing only at the base

a little wider and orange-red there. In the $ also at the apex oiange. Expanse 28 to 30 mm. East Africa.

flavidiscaia. S. flavidiscata Hmps. (1 b). Forewing in the cell and below it as far as the anal angle yellowish.

This, however, varies a great deal, sometimes only the hind-margin is light. Hindwing only at the base a little
wider, in the $ still less. The proximal third is yellow. Expanse 22 mm. Rhodesia, Transvaal.

lufirensis. S. lufirensis Joicey (1 b). Similar to the two preceding. Hind-margin and cell yellow. Hinclwing at

the base and end slightly widened. At the base yellow. Expanse 28 mm. South Africa.

PSEUDOTHYMARA ; DORATOPTERYX; PEDOPTILA. By M. Gaede.

23

S. lydia Weym. (1 b). Only the hind-margin of the forewing is yellow, the rest darker than in the hjdia.
other species, hindwing in the first third orange, behind the middle somewhat broader and with a small oblong
orange spot. Expanse 23 to 26 mm. Benguela.

S. fulveolans Mab. (1 c). Forewing yellow as far as about % of the cell and from there to the anal fulveolans.

angle. The usual yellow spot is situate round the cross-vein, not behind it. Hindwing as far as behind the middle

comparatively broad. Proximal half and a spot before the end of the widening orange. Expanse 26 mm. East
Africa, Angola.

S. dolicholoba Hmps. Forewing orange-yellow below the costal margin almost to the cell-end, and dolicholoba.
below vein 2 to the distal margin. Hindwing gradually widening into the large lobe and then gradually narrowing
down. Tail rather short and broad, orange-yellow as far as the lobe. The yellow spot in the lobe is elliptic.

Expanse 22 to 24 mm. East Africa.

S. marshalli Rothsch. Forewing pale yellow as far as behind the cell-end and then to the anal angle, marshalli.

Hindwing gradually narrowing down from the base to the apex, with a small yellow spot in the centre. Mashuna

Land.

3. Genus: Psemlo tliy imira RU.

In the forewing the veins 4 -j- 5 and 7 + 8 + 9 are forked, vein 10 absent.

Ps. staudingeri Rgh. (1 c). Smoky brown. at the base of the forewing very little orange, $ a little staudingeri.
more orange. Hindwing at the base orange. Apex white. Expanse 26 to 32 mm. Sierra Leone.

The following genera have but one hind m a r g i n a 1 vein in the forewing.

4. Genus: Doratopteryx Rgh.

In the forewing the veins 4 and 5 rise a little separately, 8+9 forked, 10 and 1 1 absent. Type : afro, Rgh.

D. afra Rgh. (1 c). Forewing smoky brown, diaphanous. At the base below the cell golden yellow", afra.
Hindwing very narrow, only at the base broader and golden brown, otherwise dark. Expanse 17 mm. East
Africa.

D. zopheropa B.-BaTc. Fore wing smoky grey. In and below the cell yellowish. Hindwing band-shaped ; zopheropa.
only at the base yellowish, otherwise darker. Expanse 22 mm. Uganda.

D. steniptera Hmps. (la). Forewing brown. Costal margin and veins reddish-brown. Below the steniptera.
base of the cell yellow as far as behind the centre. Hindwing at the base and a little at % widened. At the
base golden yellow, otherwise brown. Expanse 18 mm. East Africa.

D. p’umigera Btlr. Forewing greyish-brown, below the cell golden yellow. Hindwing shaped as in piumUjcra.
steniptera (1 a), also before the posterior expansion golden yellow. Expanse 18 mm. East Africa.

5. Genus: Pedoptila Btlr.

Little different from the preceding genus. In the forewing, however, veins 4 + 5 forked or at least
rising from the same place. Type: nemopteridia Btlr.

P. nemopteridia Btlr. Basal area of forewing as far as 2/5 and base of hindwing on y3 reddish smoky ncmopteri-
brown, the rest grey. Hindwing at the end spatulately expanded. Expanse of wings: 20 mm. West Africa. dia-

P. thaletes Drc. Basal half of forewing reddish-orange, distal half black. Hindwing reddish-orange, thaletes.
the widening black, apex white. Expanse 26 mm. Cameroon, Congo.

P. catori B.-Bak. (1 b). Forewing as far as the cell-end yellowish and on the hindwing the basal third, catori.

The rest is blackish. The widening and narrowing on the hindwing somewhat steeper than in nemopteridia
Apex of hindwing white. Expanse 22 mm. Uganda.

P. nigrocristata Joicey (1 b). The yellow basal area extends farther to the costal margin than in nigrocrista -
catori, and distally it is hollow-margined. Hindwing very narrow, before the end ovally widened. Apex not ^a-

white. Expanse 28 mm. North Rhodesia.

papiliona-

ria.

goochii.

jacksoni.

aperta.

why tel.
latimargo.

fulva.

euryperalis.

ruficilict,

euryphaea.

flavida.

holoiherma.

mclanoleu-

ca.

albdbasis.

pygmaca.

24 THYMARA; DIANEURA; STAPHYLINOCHROUS. By M. Gaede.

6. Genus: TSiymara WJcr.

Walker did not supply a sufficient description. The only species:

Th. papilionaria Wkr. is described by Elwes to resemble Doratopt. plumigera, but the upper part of
the hindwing is broader, and a long reddish-yellow spot is on half its length. Antennae pectinate. Havipson
mentions the species as being near Semioptila. The <$ type is in an inaccessible private collection, whilst the
$ in the British Museum is badly preserved.

B. Subfamily: Phaudinae.

Wings thinly scaled, proboscis and palpi absent. Wings large, rounded; white or reddish-yellow with
a dark margin. All the genera exhibit in the forewing two hindmarginal veins. In the hindwing vein 8 is for
a long distance fused with the cell.

1. Genus: I^iaiieurtt Btlr.

Wings very hyaline, apex of forewing very much rounded, at the hindwing somewhat produced. In
the forewing veins 7 -f 8 on a short fork, 9, 10, 11 separate. Type: goochii Btlr.

D. goochii Btlr. Wings hyaline. Base and hind-margin brownish. Body reddish-brown. Expanse

30 mm. Natal.

D. jacksoni Btlr. (1 d). Wings hyaline. Base and hind-margin pale yellowish. Body brown. Expanse
22 to 30 mm. East Africa. In contrast with the preceding species, Butler states the cell in the hindwing to
be here less far produced than in goochii. In the Berlin Museum there are specimens from East Africa, which
must consequently be jacksoni , in which the cell entirely corresponds with the figure of goochii. The separation
into 2 species is therefore probably only due to anomalies of the neuration. Specimens with an open cell in
the forewing are aperta Brk. ■ — The establishment of the genus Pletoneura Brk. is only caused by Butler’s
bad description and figure of Dianeura.

2. Genus: Staphyliuoclirous Btlr.

Shape of wings very much rounded off. In the forewing 3 + 4 on a short fork, 7 forked with 8+9

and 10 + 11. From the fork of 8 + 9 a cross- vein extends to the fork of 10 + 11. Type: whytei Btlr.

St. whytei Btlr. (1 d) is similar to An. tenellula Holl., but the dark margin on the forewing is somewhat
narrower and on the hindwing very much narrower. Ground-colour reddish-yellow. — latimargo B.-Bak.
Distal margin broader black. Expanse 30 mm. Central Africa, Lokoja District.

St. fulva Hmps. (1 d). Margin of hindwing much broader than in whytei, also the veins dark; larger,
expanse 38 mm. Katanga District.

St. euryperalis Hmps. (1 d). Smaller, paler than fulva. On the forewing the dark margin projects
to the cross-vein. Expanse 30 mm. Rhodesia, Central- Africa.

St. ruficilia Hmps. Thinly scaled. Forewing as far as the middle of the costal margin and the inner
angle reddish-yellow, distal area reddish-brown. Hindwing with a dark margin from the apex to vein 2.
Expanse 22 to 26 mm. Cameroon.

St. euryphaea Hmps. Forewing reddish-yellow. Distal margin broad dark brown as far as the
cross- vein, and vein 4, then narrower as far as the middle of the hind-margin. At the apex of the hindwing
broad dark then narrowing down. Expanse 23 mm. Cameroon, Gold Coast.

St. flavida Hmps. Forewing brownish-yellow, distal area greyish-brown. The border-line between
is rectilinear, vertical from the costal margin to the inner angle. Hindwing yellowish-brown as far as behind
the cell, distal area greyish-brown. Border-line almost straight. Expanse 35 mm. Uganda.

St. holotherma Hmps. Wings uniformly reddish-yellow, thinly scaled. Expanse 35 mm. East Africa.

St. melanoleuca Hmps. Forewing at the base, costal margin and distal margin blackish-brown, the
rest semi-transparent, white, the border of the white surface oblique, distally curved at the middle vein.
Hindwing ochreous-white, transparent. Expanse 32 mm. Uganda.

St. albabasis B.-Bak. Proximal half of forewing hyaline white, distally sooty grey. Hindwing hyaline
greyish- white. Margin narrow, dark grey. Angola.

St. pygmaea B.-Bak. Proximal half of cell and the space below it creamy, the rest blackish. In the
hindwing the distal third is blackish, proximally creamy. Expanse 28 mm. Niger.

Publ. 7. IV. 1926.

ANOMOEOTES; THERMOCHROUS ; NINIA. By M. Gaede.

95

3. Genus: Anomioeotes Fldr.

Forewing at the apex and distal margin very much rounded off. Veins 4 and 5 from the same place,

7 + 8+9 forked, 11 anastomosing with 12. In the typical species levis Fldr. the vein 7 is sometimes not
forked, 11 always separate. The $ with anal wool.

A. levis Fldr. (Id). Both wings reddish-brown, very hyaline, veins black. Expanse 30 mm. Transvaal, levis.

A. elegams Pagenst. resembles levis. Forewing yellowish hyaline, distally smoky grey. Expanse 18 mm. elegans.
East Africa.

A. nigrivenosus Btlr. (le). Wings orange-brownish. Costal and distal margins narrowly greyish- niyriveno-
brown. Expanse 2G mm. Central Africa. SMS*

A. nuda Hold. Wings very transparent, only at the distal margin ochreous-brown. Expanse 30 mm. nuda.
Darde River.

A. tenellula Holl. (1 d). Proximal area as far the cell-end orange-brown; the rest greyish-brown, at tenellula.
the costal margin broader dark. Hindwing as far as beyond the cell orange. Expanse 26 to 32 mm. Cameroon,

Togo, Sierra Leone. — separatula Strd. is somewhat smaller. The proximal angle on the forewing more roundish, separalula.
The whole marking somewhat darker, more faded. 22 to 28 mm. Spanish Guinea.

A. triangularis Jord. Forewing in the proximal area reddish brown, except the costal margin. The triangula-
rest is black. Hindwing small, triangular, blackish. Costal margin, cell and anal angle yellow. Expanse 24 mm.

Sierra Leone.

A. phaeomera Hmps. Proximal area except costal margin yellowish-brown as far as the base of vein phaeomera.
2. Costal margin, apex and distal margin brown; between them narrowly white. Hindwing whitish hyaline.

Base and distal margin brownish. Expanse 34 mm. Cameroon, Angola.

A. leucolaena Holl. (1 e). Forewing white, somewhat hyaline, apical third blackish-brown. Hindwing leucolcicna.
slightly blackened at the apex, otherwise hyaline- white. In the specimens of the Berlin Museum the dark
margin extends in the to the base of vein 2, in the $ to 3, yet they are probably specimens of the same
species. Expanse 24 to 32 mm. Cameroon, Spanish Guinea, Gabun.

A. nox Aur. (1 e) is separated from leucolaena by being more extensively darkened. In the forewing nox.
also the cell, in the hindwing the whole distal half is darkened, except the costal margin. Expanse 26 mm.

Congo. As a specimen from Fernando Po, with respect to the darkened area, forms the intermediary between
the figured type of nox and leucolaena, it is possible that nox may be merely an extreme form.

4. Genus: Tljcrinoclirous Hmps.

Forewing somewhat narrower; hindwing large, roundish. Cell of forewing long. Veins 7 + 8 on a short
stalk, or rising from the same place, 9 and 10 absent, 11 separate. Type: fumicincta Hmps.

Th. fumicincta Hmps. is similar to a small An. tenellula Holl. Proximal area reddish-yellow, costal fumicincta.
margin narrow, smoky brown. Hindwing broadly margined with brown. Expanse 30 to 35 mm. Congo.

Th. stenocraspis Hmps. (le). Wings reddish -yellow, veins and margin narrowly brown. Expanse stenocras-
25 mm. East Africa, Rhodesia. pL.

Th. melanoneura Hmps. Wings ochreous-white. Costal margin, veins, and distal margin blackish-brown, melanoneu-
Similar to nigrivenosus Btlr., but discernible by the different neuration. Expanse 28 to 30 mm. Central Africa. ra‘

C. Subfamily: Pompostolinae.

Separated from the typical Zygaenidae by the absence of vein 1 c in both wings. Middle and hind tibiae
thickened, the latter in the with a scent-pencil. In both wings vein 6 rises from the upper, vein 5 from the
lower cell-angle.

We first deal with the genera in which veins 7 + 8 of the forewing are forked.

1. Genus: i II 5 it Wkr. (Cicinnocnemis Holl.).

Palpi long porrect, hairy. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 forked. Vein 8 in the middle third of the cell
very much nearing them. Hind tibia without a hair-pencil. Placed to the Pompostolinae by Hampson, but
it may rather be a Sesia.

XIV

4

26

LAMPROCHR Y S A ; AMALTHOCERA; TOOSA; POMPOSTOLA. By M. Gaede.

plumipes.

saphira.

scintillans.

tiphys.

glaucopifor-

mis.

hypparchus.

semiaurata.

incisa.

vicaria.

semiaurata.

sanguini-

guita.

smaragdina.

homoehroa.

N. plumipes Drury (= cornuta Holl.) (If). Black. Veins in the forewing blue. Hinclwing black
with a blue reflection. Legs and body beneath partly orange. Expanse 50 mm. Cameroon, Spanisch Guinea,
Sierra Leone, Gold Coast.

N. saphira Aur. is likewise black. Forewing at the costal margin with 5 lustrous green spots.
Hindwing with a violet lustre. Body beneath likewise with 5 bluish-green spots. Expanse 47 mm. Congo.

2. Genus : Lam proclii’vsa Hmps.

Antenna before the apex thickened, palpus as long as the head. In the forewing veins 4 and 5 rise from
the angle. 7 + 8 on a very long stalk. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 forked, vein 8 connected with the cell by
a fillet, 4 is absent.

L. scintillans Btlr. (2 g). Black. Forewing with a slight green gloss, on the centre of the hind-margin
coppery. <$ with 5, ^ with 3 white spots, all of which are somewhat hyaline. Hindwing in the B with a white
dot at the cell-end. Hind-margin and cell near the base hyaline, in the $ bluish-black. Expanse of wings
30 to 32 mm. Cameroon, Uganda, Rhodesia.

3. Genus: Aaiialtliocera Bsd. ( Callibaptes Jord.)

Antennae thin, second palpal joint very long. In the forewing veins 4 + 5 on a short stalk. In the
hindwing 4 and 5 from the lower cell-angle, 6 + 7 forked.

A. tiphys Bsd. (= ornata Jord.) is similar to the Netrocera-sj)ecies. Forewing ochreous, margin broadly
greenish-black, at the lower cell-angle strongly indented. Hindwing red, margin broadly black, at the anal angle
narrower, with a violet gloss. Abdomen in the centre orange-red with black spots. Expanse 30 mm. Niger,
Senegal.

In the following genera all the veins of the fore wing rise separatel y
from the cell.

4. Genus: Toosa Wkr.

Palpi very long. Hindwing at. the anal angle cut off.

T. glaucopiformis Wkr. Eorewing jet-black with a golden green gloss. Hindwing of a deep blue, at
the costal margin violet. Abdomen with an orange-j^ellow band near the base. South Africa.

5. Genus: Pom postola Hbn.

Palpi likewise very long. Antenna before the end somewhat thickened. Hindwing of normal shade.
Veins 6 + 7 forked, 8 touching the cell in the middle. Type: hypparchus Cr.

P. hypparchus Cr. (= argynnis F.) (1 f). Black. Forewing with 3 large brass-coloured spots. Between
them and at the costal margin there are many small bluish-green spots. Hindwing black. Hind-margin and
cell almost to the centre of the wing pale yellow. Apex of abdomen carmine. Expanse 30 to 40 mm. Cameroon,
Togo, Gabun, Sierra Leone.

P. semiaurata Wkr. (If). Black with an orange, often somewhat reddish marking. On the forewing
a fine streak at the base of the costal margin, and a triangular spot below the base of the cell almost extends
to vein 2. At the cell-end a band obliquely extends distaily to vein 2. Hindwing in the proximal half orange-
yellow; below the cell the black ground-colour projects far inwards. — incisa Strd. On the forewing the basal
spot is more square. On the hindwing the black margin projects with 2 rays into the yellow surface. Hind tibiae
spotted yellow. Expanse 35 to 44 mm. Cameroon, Togo, Sierra Leone, Congo.

P. vicaria Wkr. (= pelidne Mob., australis Fldr.) (If) is smaller than semiaurata. Porewing black
with 2 large orange-yellow spots. The streak at the costal margin is absent. Some specimens are there intensely
irrorated with green. - — In sanguinigutta Gaede the basal spot is hemochrome. Anterior coxae and hind tibiae
white-spotted. — Expanse 26 to 36 mm. West Africa.

P. smaragdina Btlr. (1 g). Black. On the forewing in the cell a narrow spot, close behind the cell
a square spot, below the cell as far as the anal angle a long spot. All of them are white with a green gloss.
Hindwing with many small similar spots. Expanse 30 to 36 mm.- East Africa.

P. (?) homoehroa Holl. Wings black with a blue gloss. Distal halves particularly in forewing trans¬
parent. At the anal angle of the hindwing an oval hyaline spot. Expanse 30 mm. Darde River. - — If we ignore
the quite different shape of the antennae, this species having been described from a single specimen might
rather be a much flown Saliunca, perhaps solora Plolz.

NETROCERA; ARNIOCER A. By M. Gaede.

6. Genus: Jfetrocera (Fldr.) Jord.

Palpi shoiter than in the 2 preceding genera, the second segment with long hair. Antennal club stronger
than in Pcmpostola. Spurs of hind tibiae long. In the hindwing veins 4 and 5 rise from the lower, 0 and
7 from the upper angle. Type: setioides Fldr.

N. hemichrysa Hmps. (1 g). Forewing golden yellow as far as beyond the centre. The border at hemichrysa.
the lower cell-angle is angular. Distal area bluish-black, hind-margin a little irrorated with dark. Hindwing
golden yellow. The black distal margin is in front broad. Expanse 35 mm. North Rhodesia, Central Africa.

N. basalis Jord. (1 g). The black distal margin of the forewing is not sharply defined, in front very basalts.
much broader than at the hincl-margin. Only the 2 first segments of the abdomen are laterally yellow. Angola.

N. dif finis Jord. The black distal margin is straightly cut off. In front very broad, extending into diffinis.
the cell. 3 abdominal segments laterally yellow. Usambara.

N. setioides Fldr. (1 g). Light golden yellow. Distal margin of forewing uniformly broad black, setioides.
terminating more or less widely at the hind-margin, indistinctly defined. Hindwing marked correspondingly. - —
ugandae Jord. Margin of forewing more distinctly defined. Abdomen without any yellow scales (what is also ugandae.
the case in Abyssinian specimens). Expanse 26- — 28 mm. East Africa.

N. jordani Joicey (1 g). Forewing dark yellow. Cell and submedian fold bluish-black, of which colour jordani.
are also the costal margin at the apex, the distal margin, and hind-margin. Hindwing of a bright yellow with
a bluish-black margin. Expanse 24 mm. .Lake Kiwu.

7. Genus: Arniocera Hpfjr.

Palpi erect. Antenna thickened at the end. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 forked. Type: auriguttata

Hpfjr.

A. sferaecki Rgh. (1 h). Forewing black, with an intense green gloss. With 3 or 4 rectilinear red bands sternecki.
with black margins. Behind them 2 rows of sometimes confluent spots. Hindwing orange-yellow or carmine
with a black margin. Expanse 28 to 38 mm. East Africa.

A. lautuscula Karsch (1 h). Black, with a green lustre. The 3 red bands on the forewing are narrow, lautuscula.
the distal one incurved at the anal angle. Hindwing orange-yellow with a broad black margin. Abdomen red,
legs black. Expanse 28 to 32 mm. East Africa.

A. erythropyga Wllgr. (= negamica Wkr.) (1 h). Forewing with 3 carmine bands, the last of which erythropy-
is reniformly excurved. Hindwing carmine with a black margin in which there is frequently yet 1 small spot. 9a-

Expanse 26 to 30 mm. Delagoa Bay, Bechuana Land.

A. Sugubris sp. n. (li) is similar to lautuscula. In the forewing the bands have the same shape, lugubris.
Hindwing red with a very broad black marginal band which sometimes covers the whole hindwing. Abdomen
red, legs black. Expanse 28 to 32 mm. East Africa.

A. imperialis Btlr. (1 h). Forewing with 2 bands and 2 marginal spots. Hindwing carmine with a imperialis.
black margin. Head and collar black, abdomen red. Expanse 26 to 32 mm. East Africa.

A. amoena Jord. is separable by the red head and collar from the very similar imperialis. Marking amoena.
of wings, spots of tibiae, and abdomen above beginning from the second segment pinkish-red. Probablv
taborensis Strd. (1 i) is identical with it. — virgata Jord. has the two proximal bands more uniform so that taborensis.
they do not look as if composed of spots. — In angolana Jord. the two marginal spots are triangular, the v>r9aJa-
anterior one is farther distally removed. Hindwing more narrowly margined. East Africa.

A. ericata Btlr. (1 i) is easily discernible from the other species by the more orange-red broad bands ericata.
and the large subapical spot. Hindwing at the costal margin at the base and near the apex, and a little at
the hind-margin red. Expanse 34 mm. East Africa.

A. zambesina Wkr. (1 i). Bluish-black. The 3 bands in the forewing as in erythropyga. Easily zambesina.
recognizable by the spot at the costal margin between the first and second band. Hindwing bluish-black.

Expanse 28 to 32 mm. South Africa.

A. poecila Jord. (1 i). Forewing with a bluish-green lustre. Marking yellow with black margins, poecila.
Subbasal spot in the centre widened. The middle band is often interrupted. An oblong subapical spot and a
small one below it. Hindwing bluish-green. Abdomen above, beginning from the third segment, red — anguli- angulifera.
fera Jord. The posterior spot of the strangulated middle band is connected is with the posterior marginal spot.

East Africa.

28

TRICHOBAPTES; DILOPHURA; MELISOMIMAS ; BYBLISIA. By M. Gaede.

cycinoxan-

tlia.

elegans.

borotzana.

septentrio-

nalis.

auri guttata.

data.

guttulosa.

viridijascia-

ia.

chalcopasta.

auristrigata.

caudata.

metallica.

latipes.

A. cyanoxantha Mob. differs from poecila (1 i) in the abdomen above not being red. In the typical
form the spots are yellowish. The marginings of the two middle spots are more or less connected. - — elegans
Weym. (2 a) has carmine spots. • — - borotzana Jord. has the shoulder-covers not margined with red. - — septen-
trionalis Aur. neither has any spot besides at the anal angle. — Hindwing in all the forms bluish-black. Expanse

24 to 32 mm. Cameroon, Rhodesia, East Africa.

A. auriguttata Hpffr. (= melanopyga Wllgr., chrysosticta Btlr.) (2 a). Costal margin of forewing
with a green lustre, spots golden yellow. Two larger ones of them in the submeclian fold with a small one
between them. Above the latter, at the costal margin, an obsolete spot, one at the cell-end and above vein 2,
as well as a large subapical spot. Hindwing with a blue gloss. The number of spots varies a little. Expanse

25 mm. South Africa.

A. data Jord. (2 a) is easily recognizable by the large round basal spot, altogether 4 lustrous coppery
spots. Hindwing lustrous blue. In this species veins 7 + 8 of the forewing are exceptionally forked. Expanse
34 to 42 mm. East Africa.

A. guttulosa Jord. (2 a) is similar to auriguttata , but with more and therefore smaller golden yellow
spots. Hindwing of the A below the cell with an oblong white spot. Expanse 25 to 28 mm. Abyssinia.

A. viridsfasciata Aur. (2 a). In the form of the bands it resembles sternecki, but they are here metallic
green. Hindwing black. Expanse 25 to 30 mm. Gabun.

A. chalcopasta Hmps. (2 b). Forewing black, with a metallic blue lustre with 3 golden lustrous bands.
Hindwing dark brown, at the hind-margin somewhat blue. Expanse 30 mm. Rhodesia.

8. Germs: Tricliohaptcs Holt.

Separated from the preceding genus by the very strong hair-pencil on the hind-tibiae of the <$. Antenna
far before the apex moderately thickened.

T. auristrigata Ploiz (= sexstriata Holl.) (2 b). Black. Fore wing with 3 narrow pale yellow transverse
lines. Hindwing with a large hyaline spot. Body with yellow and carmine rings. Expanse 24 to 30 mm. Cameroon,
Togo, Spanish Guinea, Sierra Leone.

9. Genus: Bilophura Hmj)s.

Antenna before the apex moderately thickened. Abdomen with long anal tufts. Forewing narrow,
in the hindwing veins G + 7 forked.

B. caudata Jord. Wings bluish-black with small white, semi-transparent spots: a double antemedian
spot, one at the cell-end, and a postmedian spot. On the hindwing one spot each at the base and at the cell-
end. Abdomen with red rings. Mashona Land, Lake Nyasa.

10. Genus: Melisomiuaas Jord.

Palpi and proboscis short. Antennae pectinate. Legs with hair-pencils, hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs.
Veins of forewing: veins 4 + 5 from the lower, 6 from the upper angle, veins 7 + 8 + 9 forked. In the hindwing
the cell is short, 3 + 4 on a short, 6 + 7 on a long stalk, 8 connected with the cell by a fillet.

M. metallica Hmps. (= grandis Holl.). Black. Forewing with a slight blue gloss, below the base
of the cell white hairs. Hindwing likewise with a blue gloss, a little white below and behind the cell. Expanse
30 to 44 mm. Sierra Leone, Nigeria.

11. Genus : ISyblisha Wkr.

Antenna before the apex only moderately thickened. Third palpal joint long. Abdomen without anal
tufts. In both wings vein 2 rises very near to the base of the cell. None of the veins is forked. In the hindwing
vein 8 is separate. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of strong spurs. Type: latipes Wkr.

B. latipes Wkr. (2 b). Black with narrow hyaline white spots the positions of which is to be seen

from the figure. Hindwing at the base and before the apex hyaline. Abdomen reddish yellow, at the base and

before the ap;-x bluish-black. In the form from the Niger District the base of the body is not black. Ex¬

panse 28 mm. Sierra Leone, Niger.

B. ochracea Jord. resembles latipes (2 b). The hyaline spots are larger. Abdomen above yellow except
on the three last segments. Middle and hind tibiae yellow. Base of body beneath white. Niger.

ochracea.

ZYGAENA; EPIZYGAENA; NEUROSYMPLOCA. By M. Gaede.

29

B. setipes Plotz (2 b) is also similar to latipest Forewing at the apex white. Otherwise the hyaline
spots are the same. Abdomen at the base above often finely margined with white, beneath with white spots,
otherwise bluish-black. Expanse 28 to 30 mm. Togo, Sierra Leone, Spanish Guinea, Gabun. - — ventripicta
Strd. only differs by the orange-yellow apex of the abdomen. Cameroon.

B. albapennis B.-BciJc. Black with hyaline spots, 3 of which are in the submedian fold and 1 behind
it. Behind and below the cell 2 spots each, in the cell no spot. Hindwing like that of latipes. Abdomen at
the base white, apically orange yellow. Expanse 30 mm. Lagos.

D. Subfamily: Zygaeninae.

Anterior tibia always with spur, proboscis present, palpus almost invariably short. Forewing with
2 hindmarginal veins. Some species owing to the hyaline hindwings look like Syntomids, others owing to their
variegated colours like Arctiids.

Genus: Zygaena F.

This genus containing such a great number of species in the palearctic region is not represented in Africa, since
the insects described as , ,Z ygaena' ‘ are, mostly species of Epizygacna.

In the Berlin Museum there is a form of filipendulae from Transvaal, but the name of the patria is surely wrong.
Nevertheless we have figured the Berlin specimen (2 k) in order to enable its being re-examined.

1. Genus: l^i/.,vgatkaia Jord.

Separated from the preceding genus only by exhibiting but one pair of spurs on the hind tibiae. Type:
Jcaschmirensis Roll.

E. procrioides Btlr. Body black, patagiae with yellow base, abdomen beneath orange-yellow. All
the wings blackish-brown, hyaline. - — In xanthosoma Jord. (2 b) the body is also above orange, only the anal
end is black. Expanse 24 to 39 mm. Abyssinia, East Africa.

E. abessynica Koch (2 e) is probably only a much flown specimen of xanthosoma and to be cancelled
owing to its being inaccurately described. Otherwise this name would have the priority.

E. holoxanthina Mob. (2 b). Body as in xanthosoma. Forewing at the base across the whole surface,
hindwing only at the costal margin liued with orange-yellow. The brown ground-colour is somewhat lighter
than in xanthosoma. Expanse 24 to 34 mm. Abyssinia.

E. ochreipennis Btlr. (— tricolorata Ww.) (2 c). Thorax black, abdomen pink. Forewing orange-
yellow. The distal half at the costal margin, and the distal margin are narrowly black. Hindwing pink, at
the apex more broadly margined with black. Expanse 30 to 34 mm. Transvaal, Delagoa Bay. — nigromarginata
B.-Bak. Abdomen black, hindmarginal fold of hindwing hyaline. West Africa.

E. ochroptera Fldr. (2 c). Thorax and abdomen black. All the wings are orange, margined with black,
on the forewing also the costal margin in the distal half. Expanse 28 to 32 mm. Transvaal.

E. myodes Drc. (2 c) resembles more the Asiatic forms. Thorax and abdomen black. Forewing black
with very large orange spots. The two basal spots and the median spots are confluent, besides there is 1 subapical
and subterminal large spot. Hindwing orange, at the apex somewhat more broadly margined with black. Expanse
30 to 34 mm. Transvaal, Natal.

E. niicrosticha Jord. is similar to a small myodes (2 c) in which the G spots of the forewing are isolated.
Besides the tibiae are beneath yellow. Expanse 18 mm. Cape Colony.

2. Genus: I%Tciirosyiii|>ll«c» Wllgr.

Palpi short, densely haired. Antennae as in Zygaena. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of short spurs. The two
hindmarginal veins of the forewing are united as far as the middle, otherwise the veins are the same as in Zygaena.
Type: wallengreni Kirby.

N. concirma Dahlm. (= pulchella Guer.) (2 c). Thorax and abdomen black, the latter with a broad
red ring. Forewing blackish-brown, with a long yellow basal streak and 2 pair of small yellow spots. Hindwing
with a large hyaline spot, otherwise red with a narrow black margin. Another form of it has the red colour
replaced by yellow. Expanse 24 to 26 mm. Transvaal, Cape Colony.

setipes.

ventripicta.

albapennis.

procrioides.

xanthoso¬

ma.

abessynica.

holoxanthi¬

na.

ochreipen¬

nis.

nigromargi¬

nata.

ochroptera.

myodes.

niicrosticha.

concinna.

30

ORNA. By M. Gaede.

wallengreni.

hoitentoia.

af finis.

caffra.

mcterythra.

pagana.

lateralis.

agria.

conjuncla.

coniraria.

zyqaenoi-

des.

pcctinicor-

nis.

subdiapha-

na.

posirosea.

hyalina.

ntbulosa.

N. wallengreni Ky. (= concinna Wllgr.) (2 c) is very similar to the preceding, much larger. Well
discernible by the great diminution of the hyaline parts on the hindwing, whereby it resembles the red caffra
and af finis. Expanse 28 mm. Transvaal, Natal.

N. hotlentofa H.-Schdff. (2 c). Forewing with 4 very small blackish-red spots, the 2 distal ones
sometimes whitish. Hindwing at the base not hyaline, the black margin projects inwards in the hindmarginal
fold. Expanse 22 mm. Natal. Easily recognized by the small spots.

N. aff inis Jord. (2 d). The 4 spots on the forewing are larger, mostly edged with white, and besides
there is 1 round basal spot. Hindwing somewhat hyaline at the base. Legs and abdomen beneath yellowish
white. Expanse 24 to 30 mm. South Africa.

N. caffra L. (2 c). Similar to affinis. The basal spot on the forewing is extended into a fine streak.
At the base of the hindwing mostly also the hind-margin is hyaline. Abdomen beneath blackish. Expanse
24 to 36 mm. South Africa.

N. meterythra Hmps. (2 d). On the forewing the 5 red spots are very small. Hindwing orange-red,
distal margin narrowly black, hind-margin dark. Abdomen beneath orange-yellow. Expanse 28 mm. Natal.

N. pagana Ky. (= caffra Cr.) (2d). Forewing with 5 red spots, somewhat larger than in caffra.
Hindwing at the base not hyaline. Easily recognized by the very broad black margin of the hindwing. South
Africa.

N. lateralis Jord. Forewing with a violet gloss, with 5 yellow spots, of which the one at the base is
the largest. Hindwing red, hyaline, distal margin narrowly black. Abdomen black, on the sides with confluent
red spots. Expanse 26 mm. Natal.

N. agria Dist. (= muraena Drc.) (2 d). Similar to lateralis. At the base before the large spot another
yellow streak at the costal margin. Hindwing not hyaline, distal margin at the apex broader black. Abdomen
above and laterally quite red. Expanse 22 mm. Natal, Transvaal.

N. conjuncta Hmps. Forewing black with large yellow spots. A basal spot separated from the middle
spot by a curved bluish-black line. The middle spot is conically prolonged to the anal angle and connected
with a spot at the cross-vein, the latter spot again connected with a subterminal one. Abdomen black, on the
second segment spotted yellow. Hindwing pinkish -red with a black dot at the upper cell-angle. Margin narrowly
black. Expanse 30 mm. South Africa.

3. Genus: Onsa Ky. (Euctenia Fldr.).

Neuration as in Zygaena. Antennas of pectinate. Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. Type: zygae-
noides Fldr.

0. confraria Wkr. (2 d). Black. Forewing with yellowish-white spots. A triangular basal spot, two
oblique spots often confluent, and 2 marginal spots, the lower of which is small. Hindwing red, at the apex
broadly black and at the distal margin, but not at the hind-margin. Expanse 24 to 28 mm. Natal.

0. zygaenoides Fldr. (2 d) resembles coniraria. The median spots are smaller, fused. Hindwing also
at the hind-margin black. Collar and a ring on the abdomen red. Expanse 22 to 28 mm. Natal.

Probably identical with one of the two preceding species is:

0. pectinicornis Schauf. Forewing likewise similar. Hindwing with an undulate black margin. Abdomen
above red, beneath pale. Expanse 22 mm. Natal.

0. subdiaphana Fldr. (2 d). Proximal area of forewing hyaline with 2 blackish-brown spots, distal
area blackish-brown, diaphanous with 2 hyaline spots. Hindwing whitish hyaline with a black margin. Expanse
32 mm. Cape Colony.

0. postrosea Hmps. Forewing in the centre thinly scaled, proximad dingy white, distally brownish.
A triangular brown spot from the base to the distal area, its apex below the cell. Below the submedian fold
a large black streak. At the base of the cell orange. Hindwing pinkish-red, costal margin white, distal margin
black. Expanse 28 to 30 mm. Cape Colony.

0. hyalina Hmps. Forewing thinly scaled, pale brown, costal margin blackish -brown. Faded white
spots below the cell at the base and on the centre. Hindwing brownish white. Abdomen yellowish-brown.
Expanse 28 mm. Natal.

0. nebulosa Guer. (2 e). Very hyaline. Forewing pale brown, hindwing almost white. Thorax brown,
abdomen yellowish-white. Expanse 22 to 28 mm. Natal.

ZUTULBA; SALIUNCA. By M. Gaede.

31

4. Genus: Ziitulba Ky.

Antenna with a club at the end, abdomen somewhat slimmer than in the genus Zygaena. Hind tibiae
with 1 pair of spurs. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 + 9 forked. In the hindwing all the veins are separate,

8 connected with the cell by a fillet. Type: zelleri Wallgr.

Z. namaqua B.sd. (= ampla Wkr.) (2 e). Forewing black with yellowish-white spots. A large subbasal namaqua.
spot and a small one before it, a pair of spots on the centre of the wing and another pair behind them. Hindwing
orange with a black margin. A specimen was figured, in which at vein 2 the margin projects but very little
proximad. There occur, however, also specimens in which the whole apex is so much darkened that the wing
entirely resembles a yellow zelleri. Expanse 32 to 36 mm. Transvaal.

Z. zelleri Wallgr. (= octo Mob.) (2 e) is probably only a form of namaqua. Forewing as in ampla , zelleri.
but the spots are mostly smaller. Hindwing red. Distal margin, cross-vein, and apex broadly black. On the
abdomen with more intense red-rings than ampla. Expanse 28 to 34 mm. Transvaal.

Z. ocellaris Fldr. (2 e). On the forewing the white spots are centred red. Hindwing yellow. The ocellaris.
black distal margin at vein 2 extends to the cross- vein. Apex broad black. Abdomen with fine pale yellow
rings. Expanse 32 mm. South Africa.

The following genera have pectinate antennae and, owing to their
hyaline spots, frequently look like Syntomidae.

5. Genus: Saliimca Wkr.

Proboscis moderately long. Palpi short and pointed. Hind tibiae with very short terminal spurs. Body
long. Antennae bipectinate, in the long. Veins of forewing all separate, veins 9 and 10 from the upper cell-
angle. In the hindwing all the veins are separate. Vein 7 extending into the apex, 8 connected with the cross¬
vein by a fillet, whereby an angle is produced at vein 7. Type: styx F.

S. styx F. (= thoracica Wkr.) (2 f). Thorax golden brown. Wings lustrous dark blue. Hindwing siyx.
in the cell and below it hyaline. Expanse 24 to 28 mm. Cameroon, Togo, Sierra Leone.

S. ventralis Jord. (2f). Like styx, but abdomen beneath white, except at the end. Uganda. ventralis.

S. rufidorsis Plolz. Head and thorax red-brown. Abdomen and forewing blackish-green. Hindwing rufidorsis.
violettish-black. Antennae black. Expanse 24 mm. West Africa.

S. cyanea Hmps. Thorax above and abdomen beneath golden yellow. Wings black with a blue lustre, cyanea.
Hindwing at the base hyaline. Expanse 30 mm. Uganda.

S. vidua Rbl. Tegulae, thorax, and base of abdomen golden brown. Forewing blackish-brown. Hindwing vidua.
black with hyaline base. Expanse 24 mm. East Africa.

S. aurifrons Wkr. (= aitcha Mab.) (2 f). Antenna at the base, head and tegulae golden yellow; aurifrons.
abdomen beneath white, except at the apex. Wings with a dark blue lustre. Forewing with a faded subapical
golden spot. Hindwing somewhat hyaline below the cell. — ugandana Jord. lacks the golden sj)ot of the forewing, ugandana.
Perhaps identical with the following species. Expanse 26 to 32 mm. Togo, Sierra Leone, Uganda.

S. flavifrons Plolz (2 f). Palpi, head, and tegulae golden yellow, also the bases of the wings and the flavifrons.
anterior coxae. Abdomen beneath white, except the end, above and forewing with a bluish-green lustre.

Hindwing violettish-blue, below the cell hyaline. Expanse 28 to 32 mm. Cameroon, Spanish Guinea.

S. fulviceps Hmps. Head and tegulae golden yellow. Thorax brown, abdomen beneath white. Wings fulviceps.
blackish-brown, with a violettish-blue gloss. Hindwing with a hyaline basal area. Expanse 30 mm. East
Africa.

S. cyanothorax Hmps. Tegulae, patagia, and abdomen beneath golden yellow. Rest of body and cyanotho-
wings lustrous blue. Hindwing at the base hyaline. Expanse 26 mm. Uganda. raa

S. solora Plolz (2 f). Tegulae golden brown. Body and antennae black. Wings lustrous blue ; hindwing solora.
somewhat violet, in and below the cell hyaline. Expanse 32 to 40 mm. Cameroon, Spanish Guinea.

S. saphirina Hmps. Only base of tegulae golden yellow. Head, thorax, and abdomen lustrous blue saphirina.
like the wings. Hindwing with a hyaline spot in the lower part of the cell and below it as far as vein 4. Expanse
34 mm. Uganda.

S. meruana Aur. (2 g). Black with a green reflection. Thorax and chest with lustrous fiery or coppery meruana.
scales. Forewing green; hindwing lustrous bluish-green; at and below the cell hyaline. Expanse 24 to 36 mm.
Kilima-Ndjaro.

32

ASTYLONEURA. By M. Gaede.

clialconota. S. chalconota Hmps. Head, thorax, and abdomen lustrous blue. Metathorax and chest with coppery

spots. Wings lustrous blue, at the cell-end and behind it violet. Hindwing below the cell as far as vein 2 hyaline
and there thinly scaled blackish. Expanse 3G mm. Uganda. Perhaps identical with meruana.

homochroa. S. homochroa Holl. Very similar. Forewing bluish-green, hindwing bluish-black. Somaliland,

Uganda.

metacyanea. S. metacyanea Hmps. Thorax golden brown. Head and abdomen lustrous blue. Forewing dark ferru¬

ginous brown. Hindwing black, lustrous blue, at and below the cell as far as vein 4 hyaline. Expanse
38 mm. East Africa.

aenescens. S. aenescens Hmps. Head and thorax golden brown, abdomen with a bronze-brown (<d) or blue gloss

( £). Wings bronze-brown. Hindwing at and below the cell thinly scaled, no hyaline area. Expanse 28 to 30 mm.
Uganda, East Africa.

mimctica. S. niimetica Jord. (= nkolentangensis Strd.) (2 g). Similar to Netr. setioides ( 1 g) ; head, thorax, and

forewing ochreous-brown. Forewing at the distal margin broadly black. Abdomen and hindwing black. The
latter with a small hyaline area below the cell. Expanse 32 mm. Niger, Congo, Spanish Guinea.

kamUila. S. kamilila B.-Bak. Head and tegulae orange. Thorax and abdomen bronze-green. Forewing yel¬

lowish brown. Costal margin darker, reddish brown, with a broad curved reddish-brown band from the cell-
end to the distal margin at veins 2 to 4. Hindwing violettish-grey, somewhat hyaline at and below the cell.
Expanse 28 mm. Nandi Land.

egeria. S. egeria B.-Bak. Black, only patagia nut-brown., Forewing nut-brown. In the submedian fold and

at the distal margin darker. A long, dark triangular spot between veins 5 and 8, rapidly tapering towards
the cell. Hindwing sooty brown. Expanse 28 mm. Sesse Island.

ignicinda. S. ignicincta Joan. Tegulae, patagia, and abdomen above beginning from the 2 nd segment fiery red.

Forewing lustrous blue. Hindwing brownish- violet. Below the cell hyaline. Expanse 31 mm. Eritrea.

rubriveniris. S. rubriventris Holl. Head black, thorax lustrous blue. Abdomen beginning from the 2nd segment

above and beneath fiery red, with a fine black lateral line. Forewing with a slight blue gloss. Hindwing below

the cell hyaline. Expanse 31 mm. Congo.

6. Genus: Astylonciira Gaede.

Distinguished from Saliunca only in the hindwing. Vein 8 forms the costal margin of the cell, and
the cross-vein ist straight between the veins 0 and 8, not flawed. The $$ of this genus exhibit white spots
on the forewing on the cross- vein and above vein 2, whilst in the $$ they are more or less absent. Type: tre-
jurthi Gaede.

trefurthi. A. trefurthi Gaede (= cyanopsis Hmps.) (2 g). $ wings blackish-brown. Forewing lustrous green.

A thick white stripe below the cell, a circular spot on the cross-vein, and 6 submarginal spots. On the
hindwing a round spot on the cross-vein. At the base distantly white. Abdomen with white lateral and
sublateral spots. $ forewing lustrous bluish-green, with a white discoidal spot. Hindwing bluish-green. Below
the cell from near the base to near the distal margin hyaline. Otherwise nothing white. Expanse 38 to 40 mm.
East Africa, Rhodesia.

meridiona- A. meridionalis Hmps. (2 h). frons and patagia with white spots. Abdomen with white dorsal spots

1>s‘ and 2 rows of lateral spots. Wings black, with a bluish-green gloss. Forewing in the submedian fold as far
as the centre white. A round discoidal spot and one above vein 2. Hindwing with a short band below the
cell and an elliptic discoidal spot. $ on forewing with a white discal spot, on hindwing only with obsolete
band, body not white. Expanse 30 to 38 mm. Central and East Africa.

difformis. A. difformis Jord. (2 h). Body lustrous bluish-green. On the patagia and the sides of the abdomen

dingy white. Forewing bronze-green. A feeble basal streak, a spot at the cell-end and one above vein 2 are dingy-
white. Hindwing bluish black with a hyaline spot at the hind-margin and behind the cell. A white spot at
the cell-end. The £ lacks the white spots on the body and wings. East Africa. Expanse 24 to 28 mm.
cupreitincta. A. cupreitincta Hmps. (2 h) may be a form of difformis. Forewing blackish-brown. At the cell-end

lustrous coppery, behind it bluish-green. The white spots of the wings are faded. Hindwing not hyaline. $
without white spots. Expanse 28 to 40 mm. East Africa.

esmeralda. A. esmeralda Hmps. (2 h). Both sexes are the same. The whole body with a bluish-green lustre. Ab¬

domen with sublateral white spots. Forewing lustrous bluish-green, with a round white discoidal spot and
mostly with a spot above vein 2. Hindwing bluish-green with a faded discoidal spot. Below the cell hyaline
streaks. Expanse 40 mm. Nigeria, Uganda. Specimens from Cameroon (2 i) often are not hyaline on the
hindwing.

glennia. A. glennia Jord. Body dark bluish-green, laterally (^) with a series of white spots. Forewing bluish-

green with a white spot at the cell- end (in the $ small). Hindwing dark bluish-green with a white spot (<J).
Beneath blue, the white spots larger. Mashona Land.

Pnbl. 23. IV. 1026.

MALAMBLIA; TASCIA; SYRINGURA; TASEMA. By M. Gaebe.

33

A. biplagiata B.-Bak. Abdomen and wings bronze-green, particularly a broad stripe below the cell of biplagiala.
the forewing. At the cell-end a large white spot and a small oval one below it. Hindwing with a white cell-
end, at the base below the cell hyaline. Expanse 34 mm. Nandi Land.

A. assimilis Jord. (2 i). Body bluish-green, likewise without white spots. Forewing bronze-green assimilis.
with a white spot at the cell-end and in the £ above vein 2. Hindwing bluish-green, beneath bronze-green.

Nyassa Land.

A. nitens Jonl. may be merely a form of assimilis. Body and wings a little more bluish. The spot nitens.
at the cell-end is small. Wings beneath blue, only the costal margin of the forewing green. East Africa.

A. ostia Drc. Wings lustrous bluish-black. On the forewing a round white spot at the cell-end and ostia.
on the hindwing one on the centre of the costal margin in the d>- Body bluish-black. On the thorax 2 white
dots. Expanse 28 to 32 mm. East Africa.

A. clilorotica Hmps. Head, thorax, abdomen above and beneath blackish -brown, with a green gloss, chlorotica.
Proboscis yellowish-brown. Wings blackish-brown, with a green gloss. A round discoidal spot on the forewing
and an elliptical one below it white (rf). Hindwing below the cell hyaline almost to the distal margin. Expanse
26 to 28 mm. Congo.

7. Genus: Malamhlia Jord.

Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs longer than in Saliunca. Antennae shorter pectinate. In the forewing
veins 10 and 11 rising more towards the base, but vein 2 more remote from the base. In the hindwing vein
6 close at 7, between 5 and 6 the cross-vein is angular. Otherwise the same as in Saliunca. Type: durbanica
J ord .

M. durbanica Jord. (2 i). Forewing and body bluish-black without a gloss. Hindwing, and both wings durbanica.
beneath blackish-brown. Expanse 16 mm. South Africa, Fernando Po.

M. flavipalpis Hmps. (2 k). Wings uniformly brown with a slight blue reflection. Head, thorax, and flavipalpis.
abdomen brown. End of abdomen beneath and palpi yellow, third palpal joint black. Expanse 18 mm. Rhodesia

8. Genus: Tasela Wkr.

Antennae of long-combed, palpi short, porrect. In the forewing all the veins are separate. In the
hindwing vein 7 is absent. Vein 8 is connected with the cell by a short fillet. Hind tibiae with 1 pair of
spurs. Genital armature of $ large. Type: finalis Wkr.

T, finalis Wkr. (= chrysotelus Wkr., virescens Btlr. $) (2 i). Antennae lustrous green. Body and finalis.
wings greenish black. On the forewing hyaline spots in the cell-end, above vein 2 and mostly also below it.
Hindwing at the lower margin of the cell and at the liind-margin hyaline. Apex of $ abdomen red. Specimens
from Delagoa Bay are mostly smaller than from Transvaal. Expanse 22 to 30 mm.

T. instructa Wkr. ( = erythropyga Mab.) (2 i). Antennae, head, and thorax black, abdomen hemo- inslructa.
chrome. Eorewing greenish black, with semi-hyaline spots, a small one at the cell-end, a large one below it.
Hindwing before and behind vein 2 somewhat hyaline. Expanse 26 to 28 mm. Sierra Leone.

9. Genus : Syriiigura Holl.

Antennae of <$ long-combed, of $ very short; hind tibiae with 1 pair of short spurs. In the forewing
all the veins are separate. In the hindwing likewise separate. Vein 8 connected with the cell by a short cross¬
vein. In the ^ the genital armature is tubiform, whereby it is separated from Saliunca and similar to Tascia.

S. triplex Plolz (= uranopetes Holl., triguttata Aur.) (2 h). Antenna black, before the apex lustrous triplex.
green. Forewing greenish black. A white spot at the cell-end, one at vein 2, and a lustrous blue one behind

the cell, sometimes absent. Hindwing at the base and hind-margin hyaline, otherwise black with a slight blue
gloss. Beneath forewing lustrous blue, hindwing with a greenish spot at the cross- vein. Abdomen in the centre
beneath white. In the $ the anal end is reddish, thickened and extended into a point. Expanse 32 to 34 mm.

Togo, Sierra Leone.

T. pulchra Btlr. (2 i). Greenish black. Forewing with 4 hyaline spots. Hindwing with 2 short spots pulchra.
at the base, above and behind it with a blue gloss. Expanse 30 mm. East Africa.

10. Genus: Tasema Wkr.

Palpi short, body delicate, antennae of d long-combed. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Abdomen
of d with a tail of hair. Veins of forewing all separate. Vein 6 of hindwing absent. Type: bipars Wkr. from
India. Cf. Vol. X, p. 47.

34

HOMOPHYLOTIS; METANYCLES ; CHALCONYCLES ; SALIUNCELLA. By M. Gaede.

nox.

fulvithorax.

lepiis.

catori.

coniracta.

flavibasis.

vetuUna.

chloauges.

arihyalea.

albipalpis.

chalybeia.

marshalli.

To nox Holl. Black. Wings with a slight green gloss. Antennae finely irrorated with white. Expanse
20 mm. Cameroon.

T. fulvithorax Hmps. Wings uniformly blackish-brown, somewhat hyaline. Antennae black, with
a leaden gloss. Abdomen above yellowish-brown, beneath blackish-brown. Thorax yellowish-brown. Expanse
16 to 20 mm. East Africa. — As the species is compared to titaea Drc. which is a Heterogynida, probably also
fulvithorax belongs to it. Cf. p. 40.

11. Genus: iloiuophylotis Turner.

Small, with broad wings. Palpi long. Antennae of <$ long-combed. In the hindwing vein 6 is absent.
Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. Distributed in the Indo-Australian Region. Type: thyridota Turner. Cf.
Vol. X, p. 46.

H. leptis Jord. Body above blue, beneath brown. Antenna before the apex white. Palpi and frons
yellow. Wings very narrow, violettish-brown. Hindwing with a broad hyaline stripe below the cell almost
to the distal margin. Expanse 16 mm. Angola.

H. catori Jord. (2 k). Forewing and body above blackish-green. Hindwing with a very broad hyaline
spot from the base almost to the distal margin and from the centre of the cell to the hind-margin. The greenish
black marginal band is broadest at the anal angle. A spot before the apex of the antenna, frons, palpi, abdomen
beneath except at the beginning and end, yellow. Expanse 16 mm. Sierra Leone.

12. Genus: Metaiiydes Btlr.

Antennae of $ pectinate, of $ dentate. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the forewing all the veins
are separate. In the hindwing vein 6 is absent, veins 3 + 4 are forked. Type: contracta Wlcr.

M. contracta Wlcr. Eorewing black, with a blue gloss. Hindwing greyish-black, somewhat hyaline.
Abdomen blackish-blue, apex yellowish. Sierra Leone.

M. flavibasis Hnvps. (2 k). Eorewing black, with a bluish-green gloss. At the base orange-yellow,
as far as the centre of the costal margin. Hindwing hyaline brown, at the base of the costal margin yellowish.
Abdomen orange, at the beginning and end black. Expanse 15 to 17 mm. Central Africa.

13. Genus: ClBSfclc‘4myt«Ies Jord.

Similar to Metanycles. Antenna dentate, at the apex pectinate, palpi small. Hind tibiae with 1 pair
of spurs. Neuration similar to Metanycles. In the forewing veins 10 and 1 1 rise nearer at the base. In the
hindwing veins 5 and 6 are absent. Type: vetulina Jord.

Ch. vetulina Jord. (2 k). Body above and forewing with a bluish-grey gloss. Hindwing violettish-
blue with a transparent streak below the cell almost across its whole length. Expanse 18 to 20 mm. Uganda.

Ch. chloauges Holl. Frons bronze-coloured, rest of body lustrous green. Eorewing blackish-brown
with lustrous green spots: a strigiform spot at the costal margin, 2 round ones before the apex, and an oblong
one below the cell. Hindwing hyaline, costal and distal margins broad black, except at vein 2, where it is
narrow. Margin at vein 3 a little concave. Expanse 24 mm. West Africa.

Ch. anhyalea limps. Blackish-brown, abdomen with a slight blue gloss. Antenna at the apex white.
Forewing lustrous lead-coloured grey. Expanse 18 mm. Cameroon.

Ch. albipalpis Hmps. In the hindwing veins 3 + 5 forked. Blackish-brown; palpus white, at the
apex yellow. Abdomen beneath dingy white. Eorewing with a lead-coloured gloss. Hindwing blackish-brown,
below the cell and vein 3 hyaline. Expanse 18 mm. Ivory Coast.

Ch. (?) chalybeia EM. Palpi, head and tegulae yolk-coloured. The long antenna at the base yolk-
coloured, otherwise steel-blue. Hind tibiae without spurs. Thorax steel-blue. Abdomen light brown, above
violet. Forewing lustrous blue, at the margin violet, apex brownish. Hindwing violettish-blue, below the cell
at the base hyaline. Expanse 31 mm. Central Africa.

14. Genus: &aliiuat*elhi Jord.

Antennae pectinate. Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 and veins 9 + 10
are forked. In the hindwing all the veins are separate, vein 8 is connected with the cell by a fillet.

S. marshalli Jord. Bluish-black. Thorax and costal margin of forewing greenish. Hindwing in the
centre scantily scaled. Expanse 17 mm. Natal.

STENOPROCRIS ; POLLANISUS; CAFFRICOLA; ARCTOZYGAENA. By M. Gaede.

15. Genus: Steiioprocris Hmps.

Antennae pectinate. Hind tibiae with 1 pair of short spurs. Palpi and proboscis small. Forewing
narrow and long. Veins 9 + 10 forked. Hindwing narrow, veins 7 + 8 anastomosing.

St. malgassica Hmps. Blackish-brown. Thorax with an orange band behind the head. Expanse malgassica.
18 mm. Tananarivo.

16. Genus: l*«»lli8iiisns Wkr.

Antenna of d pectinate, in the $ shortly dentate, palpi short. Hind tibiae with small spurs. In the
forewing all the veins are separate. In the hindwing vein 8 in the middle fused with the cell, veins 3 + 4 forked.

P. obscurissimus Holl. is very similar to P. cyanota Meyr. from Sydney (Vol. X, pi. 1 h), antenna below obscurissi-
white-spotted. Palpi, tibiae, and abdomen beneath yellowish. The rest and the wings smoke-brown. In the
$ the abdomen beneath is less white. (The genus Pollanisus is otherwise placed to the Chalcosiinae which do
not occur in Africa.) Probably identical with Horn, catori Jord. (2 i).

The two following genera are remarkable by their marking and the
shape of their wings, but in spite of the Arctiid-like exterior they are
Zygaenidae.

17. Genus: Caffricola Hmps.

Proboscis stunted. Palpi short, antennae of d long-combed. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Wings
short and broad. In the forewing all the veins are separate. In the hindwing vein 8 is separated from the cell,
all the veins being separate.

C. cloeckneria Stoll (2 k). Forewing in the anterior half black, the posterior half and the hindwing cloeckneria.
red. Forewing with 4 yellowish-white spots. Fringes black or reddish-yellow. In the former the interior spot
of the forewing is mostly round, in the other form elongate. Expanse 20 to 26 mm. South Africa.

18. Genus: Arctozygaena gen. nov.

Separated from the preceding genus by the dentate antennae of the q . Hind tibiae somewhat more
slender, but also with 2 pair of spurs.

A. quinquemaculata sp. n. (2 k). Palpi, tegulae, and apices of patagia orange-red. Head and thorax quinquema-
dark brown. Forewing brown. Spots yellowish white, similarly arranged as in cloeckneria. The second costal- culata.
marginal spot is parted, the spot at the distal margin elongate. Hindwing and abdomen orange-red. Expanse
26 mm. d type in the Berlin Museum from Port Elizabeth (South Africa).

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the Ethiopian Zygaenidae.
* signifies that the form is also figured at the id lace cited.

aenescens Sal. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 277.
affinis Neur. Jord. Entomol. 40, p. 123.
afra Dor. Rgh. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 33, p. 24.
a giia Neur. Dist. Naturalist, p. 236. *

albabasis Staph. B.-BaJc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7 (1911) p. 574.
albapennis Bybl. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag Nat Hist 7 (1911) p 575.
albipalpis Chalc. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 275.
amoena Arn. Jord. Entomol. 40, p. 126.
ampla Zut. Wkr. List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mus. 1, p. 101.
angolana Arn. Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 22, p. 304.
angulifera Arn. Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 22, p. 293.
anhyalea Chalc. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 276.
ansorgei Semi. Bothsc.h. Novit. Zoolog. 14, p. 507.
aperta Dian. Bryk Int. Ent. Ztschr. Gub. 7, p. 85.
assimilis Sal. Jord. Entomol. 40, p. 122.

aurifrons Sal. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 109.
auriguttata Arn. Hpffr. Mon. Akad. Berl. 1857, p. 421.
auristrigata Trich. Pliitz, Stett. Ztg. 41, p. 47.

basalis Netr. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 126.
biincisa Pomp. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 80 A 1, p. 47.
biplagiata Sal. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7 (1911) p. 575.
borotzana Arn. Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 22, p. 298.

catori Horn. Jord. Entomol. 40, p. 125.

catori Ped. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7 (1911) p. 573.
caudata Dil. Jord. Entomol. 40, p. 127.
chalconota Sal. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 227.
chalcopasta Arn. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910 p. 489. *
clialybeia Chalc. Rbl. Ann. Wien. Hofmus. 28, p. 290. *

36

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Zygaenidae.

chloauges Chalc. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 374.
chlorotica Ast. Hmps. Novit. Zool. 26, p. 280.
chrysosticta Arn. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1898, p. 439. *
cloeckneria Caffr. Cr. Papil. Exot. 4, Taf. 348.
concinna Neur. Dalm. Anal. Entom. p. 49.
conjuncta Neur. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 271.
contracta Met. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 102.
contraria Orna Wkr. List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mus. 1, p. 113.
cupreitincta Ast. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 279.
cyanea Sal. Hmps. Novit- Zoolog. 26, p. 276.
cyanotkorax Sal. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 277.
cyanoxantha Arn. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1893, p. 57.

(liffinis Net. lord. Entomol. 40, p. 126.
difformis Sal. Jord. Entomol. 40, p. 122.
dolicholoba Sem. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 268.
durbanica Mai. Jord. Entomol. 40, p. 125.

egeria Sal. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12 (1913) p. 67.
Plata Arn. Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 22, p. 298.

Megans Anom. Pgst. Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Nat. 56, p. 11.
elegans Arn. Weym. Iris 1903, p. 233. *
erythropyga Arn. Wallgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 38.
esmeralda Ast. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 279.
euryperalis Staph. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 487. *
euryphaea Staph. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 270.

finalis Tasc. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 1, p. 245.
flavibasis Met. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 274.
flavida Staph. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 270.
flavidiscata Sem. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910 p. 487. *
flavifrons Sal. Plotz, Stett. Ent. Ztg. 41, p. 80.
flavipalpis Mai. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 488. *
fulva Staph. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 487. *
fulviceps Sal. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 276.
fulvithorax Tasc. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 274.
fumicincta Therm. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 488. *
fuscinervis Him. Wesm. Bull. Acad. Brux. 3, p. 161.

glaucopiformis Toosa Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 8, p. 65.
glennia Sal. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 123.
gooclii Dian. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1 (1888) p. 49.
guttulosa Arn. Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 298.

hemichrysa Netr. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 489. *
lularis Sem. Rbl. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 1906, p. 378.
holotherma Staph. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 270.
holoxanthina Epiz. Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 41. p. 138.
homochroa Pomp. H oil. Don. Smith unkn. Afr., p. 409. *
hottentotta Neur. H.-Schdff. AuBereur. Schmett- 1, fig. 218. *
liyalina Neur. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 271.
hypparchus Pomp. Cr. Papil. Exot. 3, p. 7. *

ignicincta Sal. Joan. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 44, p. 141.
imperialis Arn. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ent. 1898, p. 439. *
instructa Tasc. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 1, p. 254.

jaeksoni Dian. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1 (1888) p. 50.
jordani Netr. Joic. Bull. Hill. Mus. 1, p. 165. *

kamilila Sal. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7 (1911) p. 575.

lateralis Epiz. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 122.

latifulva Sem. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 269.

latimargo Staph. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7 (1911) p. 574.

latipes Bybl. Wkr. Cat. Lep. Het. 31. p. 107.

lautuscula Arn. Karsch Entom. Nachr. 23, p. 367.

leptls Horn. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 125.

leucolaeina Anom. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 374.

levis Anom. Fldr. Reise Novara Tab. 100, Fig. 5.

longipes Bybl. H.-Schdff. AuBereur. Schmett. Fig. 273.

lufirensis Anom. Joic. Bull. Hill. Mus. 1, p. 166.

lugubris Arn. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 17. *

lydia Sem. Weym. Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1908, p. 729.

malgassica Sten. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 275.
marshalli Sal. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 124.
marshalli Sem. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 14, p. 507.

inashuna Sem. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 14, p. 508.
melaeyanea Sal. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 277.
melanoleuca Staph. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6 (1910)
p. 149.

melanoneura Therm. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 270.
meridionalis Ast. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 278.
meruana Sal. Aur. Kilim. -Mem. Exp. 9, p. 48.
metallica Mel. Hmps. Bull. Ent. Res. 5, p. 245.
meterythra Neur. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 271.
microsticha Epiz. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 121.
mimetica Sal. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 123.
myodes Epiz. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 (1899) p. 232.

namaqua Zut. Bsd. Voy. Deleg. 2, p. 596.
nemopteridia Ped. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15 (1885) p. 341.
nigrivenosus Anom. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 676. *
nigrocristata Ped. Joic. Bull. Ilill-Mus. 1, p. 166. *
nigromarginata Epiz. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Llist. 7 (1911)
p. 574."

nitens Sal. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 122.

nox Tasc. Holl. Entomol. News 1898, p. 12.

nuda Anom. Holl. Don. Smith, unkn. Afr. p. 400. *

ocellaris Zut. Fldr. Reise Novara Taf. 82. *
ochracea Bybl. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 127.
ochreipennis Epiz. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 1, p. 217.
ochroptera Epiz. Fldr. Reise Novara Taf. 82. *
ostea Sal. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Llist. (6) 17, p. 350.

pagana Neur. Ky. Syn. Cat. Lep. Het. 1, p. 80.
papilionaria Thym. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 277.
pectinicornis Orna Schauf. Nunq. otios. 1, p. 11.
phaeomera Anom. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 269.
plumigera Dorat. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 1, p. 48.
plumipes Nin. Drury, Exot. Ins. 3, 2. *
poecila Arn. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 125.
postrosea Neur. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 270.
procrioides Epiz. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 676.
pulclna Tasc. Btlr. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 12, p. 358.
pygmaea Staph. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7 (1911),
p. 574.

quinquemaculata Arct. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 35. *

ruficilia Staph. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 269.
rufidorsis Sal. Plotz Stett. Ent. Ztg. 41, p. 80.

sanguigutta Pomp. Gaede Int. Ent. Ztschr. Gub. 9, p. 80.
sapliira Nin. Aur. Vet. Akad. Fdrh. 1900, p. 1055.
saphirina Sal. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 277.
semiaurata Pomp. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 1, p. 207.
septentrionalis Arn. Aur. Ark. Zool. 2 (12) p. 43.
setioides Netr. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. 2, Taf. 83. *
setipes Bybl. Plots, Stett. Ent. Ztg. 41. p. 79.
smaragdina Pomp. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 79.
solora Sal. Plots, Stett. Ent. Ztg. 41, p. 80.
staudingeri Pseud. Rgh. Verh. Zool. -Bot. Ges. Wien 38, p. 61.
steniptera Dor. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 268.
stenocraspis Therm. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910,
p. 488. *

sternecki Arn. Rgh. Baum. Usamb. p. 331.
styx Sal. F. Syst. Entom. p. 556.

subdiaphana Orna Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. 2, Tab. 82. *

tenellula Anom. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 373.

thaletes Ped. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 20 (1907), p. 506.

thoracica Sal. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1626.

tiphys Amalth. Bsd. Spec. Gen. Lep. 1, Taf. 14. *

torta Sem. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 20 (1887), p. 181. *

trefurthi Ast. Gaede Int. Ent. Ztschr. Gub. 8, p. 53.

triangularis Anom. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 121.

triplex Lampr. Plots, Stett. Ent. Ztg. 41, p. 79.

trogoloba Sem. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 269.

ugandae Netr. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 126.
ugandana Sal. Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 15, p. 258.
uranopetes Tasc. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 394.

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Zygaenidae

37

ventralis Sal. Jord. Entomolog.. 40, p. 123.
ventripicta Bybl. Strd. Arch. f. Naturg. 80 A 12, p. 170.
vetulina Chalc. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 124.
yicaria Pomp. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 1, p. 207.
vidua Sal. Bbl. Ann. Wien Ilofmus. 28, p. 290. *
virescens Tasc. Btlr. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 12,
p. 357.

virgata Arn. Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 22, p. 300.
viridifasciata Arn. Aur. Ent. Tidsk. 1899, p. 247.

wallengreni Neur. Ky. Syst. Cat. Lep. Het. 1, p. 80.
whytei Staph. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 070.

xanthosoma Epig. Jord. Entomolog. 40, p. 121.

General Topics by Dr. A. Seitz.

HETEROGYNIDAE, JANSEOLA. By M. Gaede.

3!)

3. Family: Heterogynidae.

In Vol. 2 (p. 349) we stated this family based upon very few dispersed species to be a branch of the
Zygaenid family, which by a certain stunted growth of its shape and of the mobility of the $ almost approximates
the Psychidae. Hampson, in his pedigree *), denotes this fami'y to be a direct sprout of the Zygaenidae, from
which the Psychidae with which the branch terminates have developed. We have therefore ranged the only
European Heterogynida there directly before the Psychidae.

In the meantime Hampson’s new system has been published**) in which Hampson supplies a key for
ascertaining his lepidopteral families, but no commentary for their arrangement. There he gives the family
the new name of ,,Epicnopterygidae<'<’ and ranges them with the subsequent Arbelidae between the Psychidae
and the Cossidae (resp. H ypoptidae) . From the Zygaenidae the group is far separated in this succession, whereas
the Psychidae follow directly upon the Uraniidae. We cannot find that this arrangement corresponds better
to the feeling of natural relationship than ours in Vol. 2, which is frequently applied for conventional reasons.

In our statements on the Heterogynidae on p. 349 of Vol. 2 we mentioned that particularly the larvae
differ from those of the Psychidae in living freely, without sacs, on the food-plant. Thereby they are easily
separable from the Psychidae, although at another place we spoke up for the opinion that the Psychidae them¬
selves do not represent a homogeneous group, but a number of phylogenetically independent lepidopteral
families which, by their living in sacs, exhibit many common marks.

The habits of the Heterogynidae entirely make the impression of those of Psychidae. They fly rather
slowly and dreamily on bushy, sunny slopes of mountains, fluttering to and fro in a similar way as the species
of Sterrhopteryx on alpine meadows. Their flight has nothing at all to do with that of homogeneous Zygaenidae,
as for instance the (whizzing) flight of Pollanisus and Procris. In Spain, in the Pyrenees ( Or desa- Valley), I
found the species not in masses but nevertheless daily in some specimens flying about 2 to 3 m above the
ground; the flight is unsteady, but slow and searching. The species seems not to be pursued by birds, but
I saw several times Asilids hunting after them; this may be the reason Avhy the Heterogynis did not fly lower
down at that place. The frequently settled down on the ends of the twigs of rather high-growing boxtree-
bushes.

The African species is apparently very similar to our European H. penella, excepting its smaller size.

Heterogynidae.

The family is hardly separable from the Zygaenidae by the parts of the mouth, since among the exotic
Zygaenidae there are likewise many genera in which the palpi and proboscis are absent. The only mark of
distinction may be the direction of the veins. In the forewing vein 2 extends into the inner angle, and both
the hindmarginal veins are curved towards the hind-margin. The $ are without wings, like caterpillars,
but of course unknown in the exotics. In Africa but one genus and one certain species.

1. Genus: «lanseola Hopp.

Head porrect, legs slender, tibiae with terminal spurs. Antennae shorter, with thicker and denser
pectinations than in Heterogynis Rmb. The wings are narrower. Veins of forewing all present, separate. Vein
6 more remote from 6. In the hindwing all the veins are separate. Vein 7 forms the anterior margin of the
cell. Vein 8 rising from the centre of the cell.

*) Catal. Pep. Phal. I, p. 15.

**) Novitat. Zoolog. 25, p. 383.

40

JANSEOLA. By M. Gaede.

iHaea.

fulvithorax.

P. titaea Drc. (2 k). Antennae, head, thorax, abdomen beneath black. Abdomen above, except the
end, brownish yellow. Wings blackish hyaline, marginal line black. Expanse 16 mm. Transvaal.

P. fulvithorax Hm^s. Comp. p. 34.

List of original descriptions of the forms of the Ethiopian Heterogynidae.
titaea Jans. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 20 1907, p. 50(3. | fulvithorax Jans. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 274.

Publ. S. V. 1926.

SYNTOMIDAE; PSICHOTOE; EUTOMIS; CERYX. By Dr. A. Seitz.

4i

3. Family: Syntomidae.

Referring to the general topics in Vol. II (p. 37). Vol. VI (p. 33 to 37), and Yol. X (p. 01 and 02),
we have merely to add with regard to the Syntomidae what relates to African conditions in particular.
In the Ethiopian Region we find beside the two groups mentioned before, viz. the copyists of quite certain
Hymenoptera on the one hand and those copying only the general image of an Aculeate without a definite
model on the other hand, a third division of Syntomidae showing nocturnal habits. As mimetic disguise would
be a nonsense in night fibers, this group lacks the mimicry being otherwise almost generally found in the
Syntomidae. These are particularly the genera Metarctia and Balacra, and on looking at the plates 6 and 7
we notice at once that they also differ in other respect from the other genera of the family . The Metarctia
are found to form already the transition to the following Arctiid Family, and particularly owing to the pinnate
antennae of the q<$ it seems to be questionable whether these nocturnal insects would not be appended to
that family, in spite of certain differences in the neuration, of the frequently stunted hindwings etc.

In the Ethiopian Region the Syntomidae are distributed in such a way that the greatest number of
species are met with in the Sudan, particularly in its eastern parts. Certain genera strongly recalling the
palearctic Nadia are represented in particularly great numbers in the Island of Madagascar. The intensely
metallic lustrous Euchromia are almost equably distributed over the hottest parts of Africa in the east and
west, only 1 species reaching to Cape Colony. The other genera, such as Ceryx and Syntomis which often greatly
resemble their Indian colleagues, are distributed over the whole district; only in Southern Arabia and in the
Cape Verde Islands I was unable to discover a single Syntomida, although I was collecting there during all
seasons.

1. Genus: Psicliotoe B.sd.

This genus is at once recognisable by the absence of the proboscis and abdomen widening posteriorly.

Beside an African species also an Indian belongs hereto, though they differ somewhat in the veins, as has
already been referred to in Vol. X. p. 63. As to the habits we refer to the same place.

Ps. gnatula Bsd. (= naclioides Fldr.) (3 a). Shape and size like that of the Indian duvauceli (Vol. X, gnatula.
pi. 10 a), but the abdomen is yellow-haired, the forewing spotted, and the hindwing yellow narrowly bordered
with black. South Africa from Cape Colony to Natal.

2. Genus : Kialomis Hbn.

The only species of this genus, in contrast with the preceding, is of a stout and squat structure. It
has a well developed proboscis; the body is haired somewhat like a fleece; the abdomen is without any real
belts, but the segments are posteriorly narrowly bordered with whitish.

E. minceus Stoll (3 a). The wings are quite similarly spotted and coloured as in Syntomis ylxegea, minceus.
but on the broad shoulders there are white guttiform spots, and similar ones on the sides of the thorax; the
abdomen shows a metallic green gloss. Cape Colony.

3. Genus: Ceryx Wallgr.

As to the habits of the genus and its range cf. Vol. II p. 41 and Vol. X p. 63. — Twelve species partly
looking like small Syntomis, partly with very much reduced, hindwings. are kown from the African district.
Besides particularly many species have been found in New Guinea.

XIV

6

42 MYOPSYCHE. By Dr. A. Seitz.

cinthracifor- C. antliraciformis Wallgr. ( = fuscicornis Wallgr., pygmula Oberth.) (3 a). The blackish-brown forewing

?his. exhibits 6 hyaline spots edged with dark yellow, at the cell-end, below the cell, and 4 alternately large
ones in the distal area; in the hindwing 2 large hyaline spots are confluent in such a way that only a
• small margin, being broader at the apex, remains dark. Dorsum of abdomen with 3 rows of yellow spots.
South Africa.

nacliodes. C. siacliodes Hmps. (3 a). The hindwing is extraordinarily stunted, though not quite so much as

in Hampson’s figure where it has almost disappeared. Forewing blackish-brown, easily recognized by the
orange spotting; above the hind-margin of the forewing there is a long longitudinal bar. Mashona Land.
reseda. C. resecta H.-Schaff. (3 a) is much larger than the preceding. The description was made from a very

much worn specimen. Black with a greenish reflection and yellow borders on the abdominal rings 4, 5, and 6.
The usual spots of the forewing are hyaline, rather small, the one below the base of vein 2 being transverse
and linear. In the hindwing there is a minute spot below the cell and another one between the veins 2 and 5.
From South Africa.

erawshayi. C. crawshayi Hmps. (3 a). In this rather broad-winged species the hindwing is less reduced, and hyaline

except a narrow dark margin. The forewing shows a large hyaline spot occupying the whole central area and
being finely traversed by the median vein. 3 longitudinal spots in the marginal half. Shoulders yellow, meta-
thorax and the last abdominal ring but two likewise yellow. East Africa.
cybelisiis. C. cybelistis Holl. (3 a) is much larger, the wings almost as in the preceding, but the body is blackish-

brown, only the second abdominal ring whitish. Gabun, Uganda. Allied to albimacula.
elasson. C. elasson Holl. (3 b), from West Africa, has the shoulders, the 2nd and 5th abdominal rings margined

with yellow. The spots of the forewing are so large that the whole wing except the margins is hyaline, only
from the cross-vein and on the lower median branch a broad black stripe extends to the margin. Hindwing
with a blackish-brown costal margin and apex, otherwise hyaline.
hilda. C. hilda Ehrm. (= seminigra Holl.) (3 b) is similar to elasson, but only the 2nd abdominal ring (not

also the 5th) is whitish-yellow; behind the cell of the forewing the cross- vein is likewise of a thick black colour;
also the margin is broader black with a white fringe-spot below the apex. The apical part of the hindwing
is also much broader black. West Africa.

barombina. C. barombisia Gaede (ined.) (3 b) is similar to hilda , with shorter spots in and below the cell. Apical

fringe of forewing and apex of antenna white. Cameroon.
flava. C. flava B.-Bak. (3 b). Body quite orange; forewing hyaline, behind the cell a brown patch to the

broad brown margin. Hindwing proximally orange, distal half dark brown. Angola.

infranigra. C. infranigra Bird. (3 b) is very similar to flava, but the body is red-brown, the whole hindwing is

blackish-brown, only at the base slightly tinged yellow. This species, according to Gaede i. 1., is a genuine
Syntomis.

longipes. C. lorsgipes H.-Schaff. (= caryocatactes Wallgr.) (5 b) from Natal. Here the shoulders and the 1st

abdominal ring are whitish-yellow. The spots of the forewing are small, arranged in the usual way. Hindwing
with a small spot below the base of the cell and between the veins 2 and 5.
semihyali- C. semihyalina Ky. (= macula Strd.) (3 b). From Port Alice in British East Africa. Rather large,

na ■ the spots of the forewings so large that the one in the cell almost entirely covers the latter except its base;
the spot below the cell is still larger; the 3 postdiscal spots are oval; another very small spot before the fringe
below the apex of the forewing. Hindwing with a blackish margin and apex.

albimacula. C. albimacula Wkr. (= macrospila Wkr., leuga'lea Holl.) (3 b). Very similar to semi h yalina; separated

by the median hyaline spots of the forewing being narrower and longer, and by a fine white transverse spot
terminalis. being at the base of the abdomen. — terminalis Wkr., described according to 2 damaged specimens (one from
constricla. the Congo, the other without statement of habitat) is probably the normal $ belonging to it. — constricta
Btlr. exhibits in the distal part of the forewing the hyaline spots reduced in size and a broader black apex.
West Africa.

4. Genus: Myopsyche Hmps.

This genus is purely Ethiopian; its -species live in West Africa, Madagascar, and Uganda. With pro¬
boscis and pectinate A antennae; forewing narrower than in most of the Geryx, the median branches on a
stalk or from the same place; all the subcostal branches bifurcate behind the cell; in the hindwing the veins
4 and 7 are absent. Rather small insects with an expanse of 2 to 3 cm.
miserabilis. M. miserabilis Holl. (3 c). Forewing hyaline with a blackish patch from the cross-vein to the apically

blackish -edged margin and a similar one on the lower median branch. Hindwing hyaline. Body blackish, on
the patagia 2 white dots, base of abdomen and ring 5 are white. Ogowe in West Africa.
cytogasier. M. eytogaster Holl. is coloured very much like the preceding, but at once recognisable by the base of

abdomen being strangulated like a wasp. West Africa.

malcomensis. M. niaKomensis Bird., based upon a crippled specimen doubtfully placed to this genus has the spots

on the forewing arranged as in Epitoxis myopsychoides (4f). Makomo (West Africa).

TRICHAETA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

43

M. puncticiilcta Holl. (3 c). The hyaline spots almost occupy the whole wings. On the forewing only puncticiru-
the costal margin, a narrow stripe from the cross-vein and a marginal triangle at the tornus, and the apex,
costal margin and distal margin of the hinclwing are narrowly black. West Africa.

M. notoplagia Hmps. (3c). Thorax and basal half of abdomen marked orange; hyaline spots of notoplayia.
forewing very large, in the hindwing only a median spot traversed by the veins. From the Gold Coast and
Sierra Leone.

M. ochsenheimeri Bsd. (= ponga Plotz) (3 c). Thorax orange with a black centre, abdomen orange ochsenhci-
with a black apical part. On the forewing the dark patches extending towards the margin are broad, particularly
the one at the lower median branch ; apex of forewing broadly black. Hindwing with a broad blackish distal
band. From the Congo.

M. xanthopleura Holl. (3 c) differs from notoplagia in the anal half of the abdomen being orange- xanthoplcu-
spotted, the basal half, however, black. Hindwing quite hyaline, only the costa and apex are quite narrow
black. West Africa.

M. xanthosoma Hmps. (3 c). Body quite orange-yellow, only the thorax marked dark. Wings quite xanthoso-
hyaline, only from the cross-vein to the dark margin a narrow dark streak, and above the proximal angle
a dark marginal triangle. Hindwing at the distal margin irregularly defined blackish. Uganda.

M. blandina Oberlh. (3 c) is larger than xanthosoma. Body orange, marked dark. Forewing with blandina.
large hyaline spots; easily recognisable by the orange-yellow hindwing showing a broad black apical area that
encloses a small orange postcellular spot. From Madagascar.

M. idda Plotz (3 d). Rather small, body orange, abdomen with black subdorsal lines. The hyaline idda.
areas of the wings are large, that in the submedian space extending almost to the base. In the hindwing a
large central hyaline area, all the margins dark, the hindmarginal edge orange. West Africa.

M. vicforina Plotz (3 d) is larger than idda ; body dark, with a bluish-green reflection, not orange, victorina.
Wings quite hyaline, in the forewing only the apex is broadly blackish, as well as a thin streak from the cross¬
vein to the margin and the space between the lower median branches. Hindwing likewise quite hyaline.

Cameroon.

M. nervalis Strd. is quite similar to victorina, but with a white frons, a white antennal apex, and a nervalis.
small black apical spot of the forewing. Alen (West Africa).

M. elachista Holl. (3 d) is one of the smallest species of the genus. Black, with a slight gloss, abdomen elachista.
in the centre with a narrow yellow ring, forewing with a black margin, hindwing all black with small hyaline
spots at the hind-margin and before the centre of the distal margin. West Africa.

M. alluaudi Oberth. (3 d). In the forewing the hyaline spots are united into one large vitreous spot, alluaudi.
like in elachista , but the basal and hindmarginal areas remain blackish-brown. Hindwing in the proximal half
golden yellow, in the distal half black. Abdomen golden yellow, base, apex, and a narrow belt dark brown.

From Diego Suarez.

5. Genus: Tricliaeta Swh.

Of the numerous species of this genus only 5 occur in the Ethiopian Region, the others being distributed
over Southern India and particularly the Malayan Archipelago. As was already mentioned in Vol. X (p. GO),
some African species also differ somewhat in the structure from the general type of the genus; for instance,
the of pterophorina has a fissure below the apex of the forewing and plain antennae, fulvescens has fine short
bristles on the antennal joints etc. As to further particulars about the genus cf. Vol. X 1. c.

T. pterophorina Mob. (3 d). Forewing with yellowish hyaline spots, 2 of which are in the distal area, pterophori-
1 large one below the cell, and 1 small one in the cell, being quadrangular in the $. Hindwing yellowish-hyaline
with a narrow margin. The $ is at once recognisable by a fissure in the distal margin of the forewing, whereby
the wing has the shape of a plume-moth (Pterophorus). Mashona Land.

T. fulvescens Wkr. (= caffrariae H -Schaff., thyretiformis Wallgr.) (3d). With an orange abdomen fulvescens.
and large hyaline areas on the wings; the hyaline spots in the cell and before the apex are very oblong. Hindwing
with a broad brown distal margin and costal margin. From Cape Colony to the north as far as Congo and
Natal.

T. bivittata Wkr. (3 d) is smaller, with an orange body, marked dark; forewing brown with 4 not bivittata.
very large hyaline spots. Hindwing hyaline with a blackish-brown margin proximally edged with yellow. West
Africa.

T. burtti Dist. (3 e), from the Island of Pemba (to the north of Zanzibar) is dark brown, the anal half burtti.
of the abdomen orange. In the forewing the proximal spots are yellow, the distal ones white-hyaline; the
hindwing is relatively large, quite brown, only on the centre of the hind-margin there is a large irregular yellow
spot. The species has recently been mentioned as Syntomis.

T. schultzei Aur. (3 e) is much smaller; abdomen orange; the proximal third of the forewing is schnitzel,
hyaline except the margins, in the brown distal part there are 2 minute hyaline spots; hindwing hyaline with
a narrow dark margin, Nigeria,

u

SYNTOMIS. By Dr. A. Seitz.

velatvpen-

nis.

pembertoni.

Phoenicia.

shoa.

consimilis.

williami.

cuprizonata.

iomasina.

stictoptera.

ploetzi.

waldowi.

endocrocis.

alicia.

mogadoren-

sis.

damarensis.

apicalis.

cerbcra.

reducta.

fantasia.

hanningto-

ni.

francisca.

lateralis.

iritonia.

6. Genus: &y«itomfs F.

For this genus containing a great number of species the name Amata has been recently proposed as
being of a prior date. But as this would upset the whole literature of the 19th century and the name Syntomis
has also been used in Vol. VI and X, innumerable mistakes would arise therefrom, for which reason we keep
to the name from which the name of the family originates, merely stating the above-mentioned fact. — As
to the genus itself, its range and characterization, comp. Vol. II p. 38, and Vol. X p. 07 and 68. - — From
Ethiopian Africa more than fifty species are known, being partly very much alike.

S. velatipesinis Wkr. (3 e). This peculiar species has dark brown, spotless wings with a metallic green
(on the veins red) reflection. The 1st and 3rd to 5th abdominal rings show a bronze reflection. Abyssinia. In
the colouring the species distantly recalls the Australian S. bicolor (Vol. X, pi. 11 k), but it has much more
pointed forewings.

S. pembertoni Rothsch. (3 e) is likewise blackish-brown with a blue gloss, but on the wings there are
traces of spots, 2 in the centre of the forewing, 1 near the base of the hindwing. Angola.

S. Phoenicia Hmps. (3 e). Body, particularly in front, with an orange gloss. Minute spots, in the
forewing 4 arranged in the shape of the Southern Cross, in the hindwing 1 near the centre of the hind-margin.
East Africa.

S„ shoa Hmps. (3 f) is smaller and with broader wings; the spots are distinctly hyaline: 2 in the centre,
3 in the apical part of the forewing, 1 at the base of the hind-margin of the hindwing. Abyssinia.

S. cosisimiHs Hmps. (3 f). Shape of wings as in shoa. All the spots are much larger, another one in
the apical half of the hindwing, the abdomen with a dark blackish-blue gloss. East Africa.

S. williami Rothsch. (= dissimilis B.-Balc.) ( 3 f ) is like the preceding species, the spots somewhat
higher and shorter, particularly the one at the base of the hindwing is extended. East Africa.

S. cuprizonata Hmps. (= phaeozona Zerny) (3 f) is very similar to williami, the basal spot of the
hindwing distally more straightly cut off, the abdomen in the centre with an intense coppery gloss. Central
and East Africa.

S. iomasina Btlr. (3 f). The hyaline spots are arranged as in the preceding species, but very unequally
sized; the apical spot in the fore wing is invariably smaller, those near the base of the fore wing and before the
apex of the hindwing hardly as large as the prick of a needle. West and East Africa, presumably distributed
over the greatest part of the Sudan. - — stictoptera Rothsch. has particularly minute spots. — But, on the con¬
trary, the spots may also be larger and even confluent.

S„ ploetzi Strd. Wings very similar to those of tomasina , but the abdomen not marked red. Makomo.
West Afrika.

S. waldowi Griinb. (3 f) may only be an enlarged form of the preceding; in the type the forewing lacks
the small basal spot, whereas the other spots are rather enlarged. Togo.

S. endocrocis Hmps. (3 g) is very much larger, all the spots being larger, too, the abdomen with
coppery bands. From the Congo and Mashona Land.

S. alicia Btlr. (3 g) has already been described in Vol. II (p. 444) as being similar to phegea in the
spotting; hindwing with an almost entirely white basal half. Widely distributed in East Africa; the form
mogadorensis Black, near Marakesh touches the palearctic region. damarensis Griinb. (3 g) is presumably
closely allied to this form from Da mar a Land; all the hyaline spots are very much extended. — apicalis Strd.
is a name given to the scarcely delimitable specimens from German East Africa; typical alicia, however, likewise
occur there.

S. cerbera L. (3 g) is a large species with a blackisli-blue gloss, and red belts on the rings 3, 4 and 5.
Spots of forewing similar to phegea, in the hindwing 2 small roundish spots below the cell and postmedianly.
- — In ab. reducta now . nov. (= ah. 1 Hmps.) which is not rare one of the spots in the hindwing is absent.- —
In fantasia Btlr. the forewing has a small accessory spot. — In a local form from the Nyrassa Land and the
Kilima Ndjaro, hanningtoni nom. nov. ( — subsp. 1 Hmps.) the spot in the cell-end is large and wedge-shaped;

- in francisca Btlr. (= curtiplaga Mab.) it is small and roundish. Widely distributed in Africa, particularly
in the west and south, in many places common.

S. lateralis Bsd. (= marginalis Wkr.) (5d) has the size of S. phegea] black, metallic blue, body
marked orange, sides of abdomen with 6 orange bands; the 0 hyaline spots of the forewing are mostly small,
whitish hyaline, hindwing with 4 small spots, in, below and behind the cell. Senegambia and Ashanti. — Very
near to tritonia.

S. tritonia Hmps. (4 a) is a West African species, the largest of the genus. It has an expanse of up
to 45 mm; bluish-black, with large white spots as in S. phegea; in the hindwing the base is white, with an
irregular distal border. The abdomen exhibits, on the 2nd to 5th rings, golden yellow transverse bands pierced
by a dark dorsal streak. Nigeria.

SYNTOMIS. By Dr. A. Seitz.

45

S. congener Hmps. (3 i). This species also recalls the European phegea, but chiefly by the abdomen congener.
exhibiting a light yellow transverse band on the 1st and 5th rings. British East Africa.

S. rubritiricta Hmps. (3 h). All the spots are very large, dull hyaline ochreous-yellow, abdomen at rubrilincla.
the base yellowish, then blue, and in the anal half with a coppery red reflection. East Africa.

So chrysozona Hmps. (3 h) is rather variegated, anterior body black with orange shoulders, abdomen chry.sozona.
at the base and on the middle segments yellow, the rings 2 and 3 being black, the anal portion with a blue
reflection. Hyaline spots dull yellowish- white, very large, on the forewing the costal margin is blue, the hind-
margin red. Hindwing with a dull hyaline proximal and a black distal half; in the latter a large round hyaline
spot. East Africa.

S. johanna Bt.lr. (3 i) is very similar to tomasina (3 f), but distinguished by larger and clearer hyaline johanna.
spots and by the 3rd middle ring of the abdomen being orange instead of coppery. Particularly the basal hyaline
spots of all the wings are larger. ■ — Generally also the 1st abdominal ring above is somewhat marked yellow,
which in ab. anna Btlr. becomes a larger orange spot at the base of the abdomen. Knysna in South Africa, anna.

S. xanthopleura Hmps. (3 i). The spots of the forewing are arranged as in johanna, but smaller, parti- xanthopleu-
cularly the spot near the tornus; in the hindwing the basal spot is much smaller, not extending beyond the ra'

anal area. Above all, however, the abdomen is entirely blackish-blue; the variegated lings are absent altogether
and the thorax only shows white shoulders. From Uganda.

S. flavoanalis Gaede (ined.) (3 i). Spots of forewing as in a small xanthopleura (3 i ). Hindwing with flavoanalis.
2 small spots near the base and a very small one below vein 4. Abdomen on the first segments black, then
orange. 22 mm. Cameroon.

S. monticola Aur. (3 i), from the Kilima Ndjaro has quite similar but somewhat broader forewings; monticola.
on the hindwing the basal hyaline spot is as large as in johanna ; abdomen only at the base feebly marked yellowish.

S. simplex Wkr. (= monedula Wallgr.) is much smaller; body likewise marked orange, the hyaline simplex.
spots rather small, some of them sometimes absent. Recognisable by a small white spot at the apex of the
fore wing and by the hindwing exhibiting a minute spot at most below the base of the cell. In typical specimens
the spots are comparatively large. — In ab. corvus Wallgr. the hindwing is without any spots, while in the corvus.
forewing only the spot in the cell is more distinctly developed. — In ab. nostalis Wkr. (5 a) all the spots are nostalis.
present, but strongly reduced, only as large as the prick of a needle. - — Natal.

S. intemiplaga Mah. (3h). Size and shape of monticola, but the hindwing has only a small central internipla-
spot, and in the forewing there is a small red spot between the hyaline spots. Congo, Gabun. — - Some species
exhibit a blue reflection.

S. ceres Oberth. (3 i), from Zanzibar, has much larger hyaline spots almost only separated by the ceres.
thick black veins. The yellow collar and the belt on the 5th ring, which are distinct in congener, are absent
here, but the base of the abdomen shows a small yellowish-red metallic cross-band.

S. kuhlweinii Lefbr. ( = natalii Bscl., simplex Wkr. p. p.) (3 k). Body entirely as in ceres, but the kuhlweinii.
small spots on the wings are still narrower and smaller than in congener (3 i). Cape Colony to Natal.

S. miozona Hmps. (3 k) is almost exactly coloured as kuhlweinii, but much larger and more robust; miozona.
the hyaline spots are larger, the one above the centre of the hind-margin is not so oblique. The red transverse
spot at the base of the abdomen is broad. From North-East Rhodesia. — nigricilia Strd. (3 k) is a somewhat nigricilia.
smaller form from German East Africa, in which the white small fringe-spot at the apex of the wing is absent.

- — magila Strd., from the same patria, has the wings posteriorly more purple black, and below the apex no magila.
white fringe.

S. dilateralis Hmps. (3 g). Somewhat similar to S. johanna Btlr. (3 i), but the body is without a real dilateralis.
orange, only the dorsum of the abdomen shows a faint coppery gloss on the 4th and 5th rings. Forewing similar
to that of johanna, but on the hindwing the hindmarginal spot of johanna is much larger than the distal
one, occupying the whole basal half, whilst in dilateralis it is merely a minute subbasal spot. From the Kilima
Ndjaro.

S. atricornis Wallgr. (= sirius Dist.) (3 g) is small and with very broad wings, black, the forewing atricornis.
with 5 rather small hyaline spots; hindwing black, at the anal angle somewhat produced, with a large orange
spot at the hind-margin, and a small whitish-hyaline spot in the disc. From Knysna in South Africa.

S. phaeobasis Hmps. (3 h) is coloured and spotted as cerbera, the abdomen likewise with red middle phaeobasis.
rings; the white spots of the wings, however, are quite small, some only as large as the prick of a needle.

Uganda.

S. leucerythra Holl. ( = rubicunda Mab., divalis Schs. <J) (3 g) has a conspicuously light reddish-yellow leucerythra.
ground of the wings and body. The hyaline spots of the forewing, being white and thickly surrounded with
black, are united in 2 large groups. Body likewise orange yellowish-red, at the base of the abdomen a light
belt. West Africa.

S. croceizona Hmps. (3 k) is above almost exactly like ceres, but the spots are much smaller, not croceizona.

larger than in kuhltveinii] easily discernible from ceres by the chest being without any scarlet spots. - — - In ab.

depurpuralis Strd. the wings are covered with metallic green instead of purple. Rhodesia. depurpura-

lis.

SYNTOMIS. By Dr. A. Seitz.

40

n'tebi. S. n’tebi B.-BaJc. (= entebi Hmps.) (4 a). The spots are much smaller than in the preceding and

particularly than in miozoncr, the basal spot in the forewing has almost disappeared, the two small spots
of the hindwing are hardly the size of pins’heads; abdominal rings bordered with coppery. Uganda.

monothyris. S. moiiothyris Hmps. (3 k). In this Central African form the spots in the forewing are only yet

represented by 4 or 5 very minute dots; on the hindwing there is only yet 1 small central spot. Body very
slim, of a bluish-black colour like the wings, without a belt.

basithyris. S. basithyris Hmps. (3 k). The dots of the forewing are somewhat larger and more distinct, the dot

near the base is absent; in the hindwing only a liindmarginal spot. Otherwise quite bluish-black. Abdomen
without a belt. Gold Coast.

Jcenredi. S. kenredi Rothsch. (4 a) is marked and coloured almost exactly the same as monothyris (3 k), but

much larger; the hindwing shows another small spot near the hind-margin. West Africa and Uganda.

tripunctata. S. tripunctata B.-Bak. (4 a) is one of the very smallest species; bluish-black, spotless except 2 or 3

very minute dots in the disc of the forewing. Angola.

rendalli. S„ rendalli Dist. (4a) is scarcely larger, but the dark colour lacks the blue gloss; all the spots more

distinct, 1st and 5th segment of abdomen yellowish -white. From the Transvaal.

creobota. S. creobota Holl. (4 a). The spots are larger, the spot in the submedian space is very large ; recognisable

by the abdomen being yolk-coloured except the anal part. West Africa (Ogowe). — It somewhat recalls flavo-
analis (3 i), being separated by the very large spot below the cell-end and the abdomen being black behind.

lagosensis. S. lagosensis Hmps. (4 b) is almost of the size of creobota , but the abdomen above is but scantily marked

yellow, and the basal spot of the hindwing is much larger. The spot in the submedian area almost extends
across the whole hind-margin. Nigeria.

chloroscia. S. ehloroscia Hmps. (4 b). Here all the spots are very much expanded, and the whole body is light

yellow, little marked dark. East Africa.

cholmlei. S. cholmlei Hmps. (4 c), likewise from East Africa, is larger, all the spots of the wings being large

and diaphanous yellow, the dorsum of the thorax being marked yellow, and on the 1st, 4th and 5th abdominal
rings there are yellow transverse bands.

cocru lescens. S. eoerulescens Drc. (4 b) is not larger, but without an intense blue gloss, with very small hyaline

spots of a dull yellowish white, the two spots in the hindwing are distantly remote, the spot on the hind-margin
being band-shaped, at the base of the abdomen a white belt. East Africa.

rufina. S. rufirsa Oberth. (3 h). All the spots are extremely small, but dull ochreous, not white, the subapical

spot only of the size of the prick of a needle. Body with a steel-blue reflection, the middle segments bordered
with coppery. Abyssinia.

janenschi. S. janenschi Gaede (ined.) is similar to simplex Wkr. Of the 4 spots on the forewing the one in the

cell is more distally remote, the proximal one in the submedian fold more inwardly removed and larger. Hindwing
with 2 hyaline spots, almost as in melanocera (Vol. II, p. 445). German East Africa.

cyanea. S. cyanea Hmps. (4b) is one of the largest species; quite bluish-black. The hyaline spots are large,

but the subbasal one is absent on both wings. Uganda.

alenicola. S. alenicola Strd. (4 c). Body and wings black, slightly metallic blue. Forewing with 4 white,

diaphanous round guttiform spots. Hindwing with a small white spot at the base of the hind-margin. From
West Africa.

benitonis. S. benitonis Strd. (4 d) is similar to Ceryx albimacula ; (3 b), likewise black with a fine white transverse

streak at the base of the abdomen; but the forewing exhibits more hyaline spots by a small triangular one being
inserted in the fork of the median and by the subapical band containing 4 spots instead of 3. West Africa.

uelleburgen- S. uelleburgensis Strd. (4 c) is larger, likewise black with a blue reflection, forewing without small

sls' spots in the cell; a small one near the base in the submedian area and a larger one. obliquely placed, above

the centre of the hind-margin, and 3 more before the distal third of the wing. In the hindwing 2 small spots.
West Africa.

jaclcsoni. S, jacksOili Rothsch. (4c) is likewise uni-coloured bluish-black; the hyaline spots in the hindwing

are all present, but much smaller than in cyanea ; the guttiform spot in the hindwing is more remote from the
apex. Uganda.

marina. S. marina Btlr. (= ogovensis Holl., ? negretina Plotz) (4 c). Smaller than jaclcsoni, but otherwise

similar, all the hyaline spots smaller; another small white spot at the hind-margin of the hindwing. West Africa.

nigrobasa- S. nigrobasalis Rothsch. (4 c). This small slender species has no spot any more in the disc, only at

Us. the hind-margin there is a minute white spot. In the forewing 5 oblong-oval spots. Gold Coast.

goodi. S. good! Holl. (4 d). In this species a large hyaline spot fills up the whole basal half of the submedian

area. In the distal half of the forewing being otherwise quite black there is only a triangular hyaline spot and

ERESSA; EPITOXIS. By Dr. A. Seitz.

47

a minute spot above it. • — In the form reutlirigeri Holl. the large submedian spot extends farther into the cell reuilingeri.
and is also expanded more towards the proximal angle. West Africa.

S. stenoptera Zy. (= attenuata Rothsch.) (4 d) is a very small, delicate insect; abdomen at the base stenoptera.
and before the end yellow; in the forewing 6, in the hindwing 2 spots are comparatively large and oval. East
Africa.

S. veronica Oberth. (4 b). In this delicate species the spots have flown together forming 2 large hyaline veronica.
areas on the forewing, one of which occupies the whole proximal half, whilst the other one forms a broad
postmedian hyaline band. — In the form magdaiene Oberth. (4 b) the two large hyaline areas of the forewing magdalene.
are confluent. — Madagascar.

S. hemiphoenica Hmps. (4 c). This rather small insect is to be recognised by the abdomen being hemiphoe-
scarlet except the 3 last blackish segments. The hyaline spot in the submedian area is very much enlarged, mca

extending from the proximal third of the forewing almost to the distal margin. Congo.

S. discafa Drc. (4 d). Here also the 2 large hyaline areas of the forewmg are confluent below the discata.
cross- vein; the hyaline basal spot of the hindwing is basally yellow; also the whole body is of a bright honey-
colour, the thorax and the end of the abdomen being marked blackish. From Dar-es-Salaam.

S. leimacis Holl. (4 d) is at once recognisable by the basal half of the abdomen being strongly attenuated leimacis.
like a stem. Wings very elongate, hyaline, with a narrow dark distal margin and hind-margin, a dark ray from
the cross-vein to the margin and a similar one at the lower median branch. West Africa (Ogowe).

7. Genus: Eressa Wkr.

As to the neuration and range of this genus we refer to Vol. X, p. 82, where the Indo-Australian forms
are described and figured (pi. 12). Typical Eressa do not occur in Africa; but some very small lepidoptera
with pinnate antennae have now been placed to this genus (forming the subgenus Eressades B.-Bafc.).

E. flavipunctata B.-Bale. (4 d). The spots differ from their usual arrangement in Syntomis in one spot fiavipuncta-
being situate very close at the apex of the forewing. Body orange, thorax marked dark. Spots yellowish-white; ta-

antennae with long pinnae. Angola.

E. africana Hmps. (4 d). The hyaline spots are all confluent, creating a large hyaline area in the africana.
forewing, pierced by the veins and a thick streak on the cross-vein. Body dark brown. A very small species.

Uganda.

E. pleurosticta Hmps. (4 c). Body similar to that of Syntomis miozona (3 k) with a red transverse pleurosticta.
spot at the base of the abdomen. But the wings are quite differently spotted; in the angle of the median
branch on the forewing there is another small accessory spot; the costal preapical spot is traversed by a vein,
and the anal spot of the hindwing is situate at the distal margin which it accompanies as far as the centre.

Congo.

8. Genus: Epitoxis Wallgr.

The Epitoxis are recognisable by an indentation at the costal margin of the hindwing, near the base
of the wing; otherwise they are very similar to the Eressa ; the antennae are in the E bipectinate. 5 forms are
known, all from Africa.

E. amazoula Bsd. (4 d). Thorax yellow, marked dark, abdomen with 7 yellow bands. The spots of amazoula.
the wings are in typical specimens (from Natal) yellowish hyaline, of a moderate size and elongate; but they
may also be dull whitish (in South West Africa) or much larger. In some places common.

E. duplicata Gaede (ined.) (4 e) is similar to amazoula, but the hyaline spots are increased in number duplicata.

and size, so that the wings are occupied by a hyaline surface with but fine veins. From Zanzibar *).

E. procridia Hmps. (4e). Size, colouring and spotting very similar to Syntomis marina (4 c), but procridia.
the hyaline spots are all very large and exactly oval. From the Ruwenzori.

E. nigra Hmps. (4 e) is almost exactly like procridia, but the white hyaline spots are somewhat smaller, nigra.

and in the hindwing there is beside the central spot another large wedge-shaped spot from the base. Natal

and Gaza Land.

E. albicincta Hmps. (4e) has a much smaller subbasal spot of the forewing, whilst the basal spot albicincta.
of the hindwing is broader though shorter. Central and East Africa.

*) Mr. M. Gaede had the kindness to send the following diagnose together with the figure: „E. duplicata nov.
spec. Similar to amazoula. The hyaline spots in the forewing are somewhat longer extended. At the hind-margin at the
base somewhat yellowish. As the $ of amazoula is said to be without wings and the typical specimen is a it must be
a different species in spite of the great resemblance. 32 mm. 1 $>. Zanzibar. “

48

STICTONACLIA; PSEUDONACLIA; MICRON ACLIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

borguensis.

ansorgei.

myopsychoi-

des.

albifrons.

typica.

amplificata.
anastasia.
my odes,
re du eta.

maria.

hova.

marietta.

puella.

fasciata .
bifasciata.

muscella.

tenera.

leopardina.

E. borguensis Hmps. (4e). Spots arranged as in albicincta , but all the hyaline areas much smaller,
the small subbasal spot on the forewing is entirely absent. Abdominal rings 1 and 3 to 5 orange. Nigeria.

E. ansorgei Rothsch. (4 e) also lacks the subbasal spot on the forewing, but the other spots are larger,
of a more lustrous white, whilst those in the hindwing are rather of the same size. Abdominal rings 1 and 3
to 5 orange. Uganda.

E. myopsychoides Strd. (4 f ) resembles less a M yopsyche than a Ceryx albimacula, but it is distinguished
by the much longer distal margin of the forewing and the absence of the white transverse stripe at the base
of the abdomen. The black triangle on the tornus of the forewing is very large, and so is the black triangle
of the apex of the wing. From West Africa. — ab. albifrons Strd. has a white frons, and the hyaline spot
in the cell of the forewing is smaller. - — ab. typica Strd. (5 a). Forewing only in the basal third hyaline, the
whole rest brownish-black with a fine hyaline patch in the centre. Hindwing margined with black. According
to Gaede (i. 1.) from the same patria.

9. Genus: Stietoiiaclia Hmps.

Separated from the Dysauxes, which the insects on the whole resemble by the brown spotted forewings
and the yolk-coloured hindwings, by the hindwing having only 5 veins instead of the 6 in Dysauxes. The genus
is entirely confined to the Island of Madagascar, where 6 species occur.

S. amplificata Saalm. (4e). Forewing with 5 yellow spots, hindwing with a small anal spot before
which the margin is somewhat concave.

S. anastasia Oberth. ( 4 f ) is the largest species. Abdomen with a dark dorsal streak. The central spots
of the forewing are confluent.

S. niyodes Guer. (= zygaenoides Mob., agnes Oberth.) (4 f). Smaller and with narrower wings than
anastasia ; hindwing at the cross- vein and distal margin irregularly black-spotted.

S. reducta Mab. (= anapera Mab.) (4 f ). Abdomen not orange, but blackish-brown with orange
bands on the rings 2, 3 and 0. Near the base of the forewing a yellow cross-band, in the disc a large white
area and in the apical part 2 smaller ones.

S. maria Oberth. (5 a) is separated by the abdomen being yellow with black crossbands on each ring.
Forewing with a spot in the cell near the end. — ab. hova Strd. has a uni-coloured yellow abdomen, the basal
area of the wings being cpiite yellow, the black areas tarnished with yellowish.

S. marietta Oberth. (5a). Abdomen yellow; hindwing with a black marginal band; forewing with a
yellow subbasal spot below the cell. A small hyaline spot in the cell-end ; behind the centre a yellow transverse
spot.

10. Genus: Pseailoiiaelia Btlr.

Distinguished from the preceding genus by the subcostal vein of the forewing having 4 (instead of 5)
branches.

Ps. puella Bsd. (5 a) is very similar to Nadia parvigutta (Vol. II, pi. 9 i), but the marginal black in
the hindwing is more irregular. - — minor Rothsch. is still smaller, and of the small spots on the forewing there
are but faint traces. South East Africa.

Ps. fasciata Gaede sp. n. ( 4 f ) . ,, Similar to puella , the spots in the forewing more yellow and flown
together in pairs. 20 mm. German East Africa. “ (M. Gaede, ined.).

Ps. bifasciata Aur. (5 a). Like fasciata, but the distal orange band is only half as broad, and the
central band is divided into a large lower spot and a very small upper one. East x4frica.

11. Genus: Mieronsu'lia Hmps.

Distinguished from Pseudonaclia by the veins 4 and 5 not being forked, but rising from the cell. AH
the 6 species known occur in Madagascar.

M. muscella Mab. (4g). Hindwing of d very small. Forewing with 5 yellow spots, the two basal
ones of which are confluent. — In ab. flavia Oberth. the yellow spot in the submedian area extends so far towards
the margin, that it is confluent with the yellow spot in the cell-end.

M. tenera Mab. ( 4 f ) is smaller, forewing with 6 spots, the subbasal and median ones of which are
confluent forming transverse bands.

M. leopardina Rothsch. (4 g). The 5 spots of the forewing are separated, much smaller than in the
preceding ones; hindwing dark brown with a small yellow spot in the disc and at the anal angle.

Piibl. 11. V. 1926.

THYROSTICTA; DYSAUXES. By Dr. A. Seitz.

49

M. oberthiiri Rotlisch. (4g). Of the spots of the forewing there are hut indistinct traces left; the oberthuri.
hindwing also lacks the central spot and it is cpiite dark brown except a minute light basal spot.

M. simplex Btlr. (4 g). Forewing spotless; hindwing orange with a black margin; in the colouring simplex.
it resembles Dysauxes servula.

M. bicolor Rothsch. (4 g) is like simplex, but the ground-colour of the hindwing ist not orange but Ucolor.
crimson.

12. Genus: Thyrosticta limps.

In the forewing vein 3 rises before the lower cell-angle; 4 and 5 from the latter; 6 rises below the
upper cell-angle; subcostal vein with 4 branches. In the hindwing veins 4 and 5 are forked and 7 is absent.

All the species are found in Madagascar.

Th. contigua Saalm. (4g) is very similar to Stictonaclia myodes (4 f), but much smaller, at the base contigua
of the forewing but 1 yellowish spot; besides separated by the veins.

Th. butleri Mob. (= extensa Saalm.) (4 h) is similar, larger, the black margin of the hindwing is
much broader and indented towards the centre of the margin. — expallesceiis Saalm. ist without the black
discoidal spot in the hindwing, and ab. distincta Saalm. has a more triangular subbasal spot in the forewing
and the median band is below distally bent round.

Th. agatha Oberth. (4 h )► The median spots of the forewing, instead of being united into a transverse agatha.
band, are separated here.

Th. quadrimacula Mob. ( = sylvicolens Btlr.) (4 h) has the median spots of the forewing united, for¬
ming a broad band, the distal spots being large and disk-shaped. — In ab. conflliens Oberth. (4 h) they are
contiguous. - — In psrpslua Oberth. they are, on the contrary, reduced and more distantly separated, whereas
holoxantha Zerny (4 li) are specimens with particularly large spots of the forewing.

Th. luctuosa Oberth. (4 i) has the spots arranged in a very similar way as in trimacula Oberth. (4 i), luctuosa.
but all the spots are diaphanous white, not yellow, those in the hindwing and in the median area of the
forewing being also much smaller and therefore more separated.

Th. moerens Oberth. (5 a) has also white instead of yellow spots, with one more spot than luctuosa moerens.
above the base of the hind-margin; hindwing with a large composed spot at the base of the hind-margin.

It is also allied to iollini.

Th. frimacula Oberth. (4 i). In the forewing 4 whitish spots: 2 median ones, one of which is in the trimacula

cell, the other ohne directly below it, and 2 distal ones. Hindwing with a large yolk-coloured median and

irregular hindmarginal spot. Very similar to Dysauxes quinquemacula, but there the median spots of the
forewing are more distantly separated.

Th. miffllfa Bsd. of the 5 spots on the forewing the basal one and the lower median spot are orange, minuta.

whereas the others are white hyaline. The species is much smaller than the others, the hindwing is orange,

irregularly margined with black.

Th. folllni Kef erst. All the spots are hyaline white; in the forewing 3, in the hindwing 2. Abdomen
black. — In the form Eugens Oberth. (4 i) there is another small hyaline spot behind the centre of the hind-
margin.

butleri.

expalles-

cens.

distincta.

quadrima-
cula .

confluens.

perpetua.

holoxantha.

tollini.

higens.

13. Genus: Wysaiixes Hbn.

In Vol. II, p. 41, we have dealt at large with this genus which is often named Naclia Bsd. in litera¬
ture. Beside the 10 forms described from the palearctic region, which however only belong to 3 species,

4 more species occur, all of which are Ethiopian.

D. quinquemacula Mob. (= perroti Oberth.) (4 i) is coloured and marked almost exactly like Thy- quinquema-
rost. trimacula, but the median spots of the forewing are somewhat differently arranged, and there is another
large yellow spot is in the basal area. Madagascar.

D. cambouel Oberth. (4 i) is like the preceding, the spots of the forewing above the centre of the hind- cambouei.

margin and before the apex are very much smaller, and the whole distal half of the hindwing is dark

brown. Tamatave (Madagascar).

D. lucia Oberth. ( = subfencstrata Am.) (5b) is much smaller than the preceding are; it is very lucia.

much like Thyrost. agatha (4h), but at the base of the costal margin there is another small yellow spot;

the other yellow spots of the forewing are also somewhat larger. Madagascar.

D. florida Joan. (5 b) is as small as lucia, but the forewing is differently spotted, since there is a florida.
postmedian row of 5 minute hyaline spots; hindwing orange, the costal area above the cell is blackish-brown,
the dark marginal band proximally irregularly defined. Mauritius.

XIV

50

TRITONACLIA; MEGANACLIA; THYRETES. By Dr. A. Seitz.

14. Genus: Tritonaclia Hmps.

This genus, being confined to 2 structurally different Ethiopian species, already approaches the fol¬
lowing genus, which is likewise composed of larger species being very scantily scaled and indistinctly marked.
It differs from the preceding genus in the species showing broader and more abundantly spotted forewings.
kcfersieini. T. kefersteirsi Btlr. (5 b). Blackish-brown; the forewing exhibits 6 yellow spots (1 in the cell, 2 be¬

low it, 3 in the marginal area) as well as a yellow ray at the base of the hind-margin; the hindwing shows
a large oval hindmarginal spot and 2 minute spots before the centre of the distal margin. Expanse of wings:
40 mm. Madagascar.

embescens. T. etubescens Hmps. Described from a specimen without abdomen; 8 small hyaline spots arranged in

2 rows (of 4 spots each) extend right across the centre of the brown forewing showing a slight purple re¬
flection and before the apical area; hindwing with 2 small central spots behind the crossvein. Legs purple.
Expanse 30 mm. Uganda.

15. Genus: Meganaelia Aur.

Separated from the preceding genera by the absence of the proboscis. The £ antennae are serrate,
those of the $ with fine bristles. The cross-vein of the forewing is very deeply angled as also in the Tri¬
tonaclia. No tibial spurs. There are 3 species known, the habits of which, in contrast with the other Syn-
tomidae having so far been dealt with, seem to be nocturnal. - — - The larvae are able to run very fast.
sippia. M. sippia Ploiz (5 b). Wings very scantily scaled, almost hyaline, with a postmedian row of 5 hyaline

spots in the forewing, 3 in the hindwing. At once discernible by its size (expanse GO mm) and diaphanousness.
Cameroon and Congo, not very rare.

perpusilla. M. perpusilla Wkr. ($ = carnea Hmps.) (5 c). The $ is somewhat like the preceding, more robust,

also somewhat more densely irrorated, the hyaline spots of the forewing are much larger; in the much
smaller J the spots are a little differently arranged: one spot near the base, one more distally in the sub¬
median area, 2 before the apical area ; in the the hindwing is smaller, shorter and of a dingy white. Gabun,
xkngola.

microsip- M. microsippia Strd., from West Africa (Mabungo), looks like a small sippia. The hyaline spots are very

pin. indistinct in a dull cross-band. Expanse of wings: 36 mm. — minor Hmps. (5b), from Uganda, is slightly
larger and has same more white in the hindwing.

16. Genus: Tliyretes Bsd.

Here the proboscis is also absent and the stunted palpi are lowered, but the <$ antennae are bipecti-
nate, those of the $ serrate. The legs exhibit very small spurs at the end of the tibiae.

■negus. Th. negus Wallgr. (5 c). In the typical from the wings are intersected by such large hyaline spots

that only a narrow yellowish-brown colouring remains at the costa, cross-vein, and distal margin. The body
phasma. is also dull whitish, marked with a yellowish brown. Abyssinia. — phasma Btlr. is a form occurring in Nyassa
Land, with somewhat increased yellowish brown in the cell, whereby the hyaline cellular spot is reduced in
size. • — Similar specimens occur along the whole western coast of Africa, from Senegambia to South West
Africa.

caffra. Th. caffra Wallgr. (5 c) is quite similar to negus, but the cell of the forewing is darkened except a

minute hyaline spot, the hindmarginal part of the forewing being likewise darkened, but the hindwing as
misa. in negus. Cape Colony. - — misa Strd. (5 c) is the form from Togo, in which also the hyaline spot below
the cell of the forewing has disappeared, the greatest part of the hindwing being also obscured.

7n on tana. Th. montana Bsd. (5 c) is much more robust than the preceding, with a very broad, variegated

thorax. Hindwing as in typical negus, but the dark places somewhat more intensely coloured; on the fore¬
wing only the hyaline spots in and below the cell are large, all the other spots being very small. Cape Co¬
lony and Zulu Land.

hippotes. Th. hippotes Cr. (5 d) is almost exactly like montana, but the 5 minute spots in the apical area of

the forewing are flown together forming a small flawed band. Cape Colony.
angolensis. Th. angolensis Gaede sp. n. ,, Similar to monteiroi, abdomen orange-yellow. In the forewing the spot

above vein 2 is very much faded. In the hindwing the spot below the cell is quite extinct. 24 mm. Angola. “
(M. Gaede, ined.).

monteiroi. Th. monteiroi Btlr. (5 d). Shape more Syntomis- like, thorax much more delicate than in montana or

hippotes. The hyaline spots are large, almost entirely removing the nut-brown ground-colour; abdomen honey-
coloured with fine dark segmental margins. Angola, Congo.
trichaeiifor- Th. trichaetiformis Zerny (5 cl). This small species has an expanse of only 25 mm. Wings dark brown

mis. with larger hyaline spots in the disc and 3 smaller hyaline spots in the cell, before the apex and above the
centre of the hind-margin. Zanzibar.

THYROGONIA; APISA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

51

17. Genus: Tliyrogonia Hmps.

This genus contains but 1 unmistakable West-African species. In contrast with the preceding genus
the subcostal vein of the forewing has only 4 branches, the 1st branch rising near the base of the stalk.

Th. efulensis Holl. (5 d) is sooty black with a blue reflection, the disc of the wing being lighter; in efulensis.
the cell of the forewing there is a small white square spot. Cameroon.

18. Genus: Ag>isa W/cr.

This genus is composed of about 20 rather closely allied forms representing a somewhat clumsy
type of Syntomis ; the colouring is without any metallic gloss, dark, the light yellow belts of the abdomen are
mostly hazy or entirely absent, the hyaline spots rarely very light and rather indistinctly defined, sometimes
blurred. Proboscis stunted or entirely absent, the antennae in the <$ with long pectinations, the body much more
roughly haired than in the Syntomis, the whole habitus rather denoting nocturnal habits, somewhat arctoid,
hindwing in the <$ often remarkably small. — - The genus forms a distinct transition from the Syntomis to
the following Balacra.

A. comiexa Wkr. (6 a) still has the large white central spot in the forewing and hyaline hindwings connexa.
bordered with black as Thyr. efulensis (5 d), but the metal gloss is absent, and on the body the shoulders
and abdominal sides are broadly orange. From Fernando-Po.

A. crenophylax Holl. (6 a) still looks entirely like a Syntomis. The 5th abdominal ring is orange; the crenophy-
wings are quite purely hyaline, in the forewing only the apex, a ray from the cross-vein to the margin, and lax-

the base of the hind-margin are black, in the hindwing only the costal margin. Cameroon.

A. sjoestedti Aur. (6 a). Abdomen still abundantly orange-banded; wings dark brown, forewing with sjoestedti.
a small white spot in the cell and some very minute spots in the distal area; in the centre of the submedian
area there is a yellow transverse bar. Hindwing with a very small central spot. — - In ab. homopunctata Strd. homopunc-
the spot above the centre of the hind-margin is white instead of yellow, and the light abdominal rings are tata-

only indicated. — - Cameroon.

A. kucogastra Holl. (6 a). Apex of abdomen red, forewing with 4 white spots arranged like the Sou- leucogasira.
them Cross. Congo Land.

A. chrysopyga Plolz (6 a) is entirely like leucogasira, but the spots on the forewing are much smaller, chrysopyga.
the spot above the centre of the hind-margin scarcely the size of the prick of a needle; hindwing blackish-
brown with a fine small central spot. — ab. ruficilla Strd. are lighter red specimens with larger, not hyaline ruficilla.
spots on the forewing. — - Cameroon.

A. kerri Holl. (6 a) is quite similar to leucogasira ; the spots on the forewing are smaller, from the base kern.
of the hindwing white rays proceed. Cameroon.

A. lamborni Rothsch. (6 b) is smaller than the preceding, body and wings quite dark brown, also the lamborni.
abdomen without any yellow. Forewing with 4, hindwing with 1 minute dull punctiform spots. Nigeria.

A. tristigma Mab. Size of aurantiaca (6 c); dark red-brown, thorax marked orange, and abdomen with tristigma.
Qrange dorsal spots; forewing with 3 or 4 orange spots similar to sjoestedti, hindwing only with traces of
spots. Sierra Leone.

A. albimacula Hmps. (6 b). Dark red-brown; forewing with 4 or 5 large oval white spots, an obso- albimacula.
lete basal spot below the cell; in the hindwing the $ has a whitish costal area and an oval white central
spot. Uganda. — In ab. mabira Strd. the subbasal spot of the forewing is blurred, the other spots are smal- mabira.
ler, and there is no reddish spot above vein 7.

A. endoxardha Hmps. (6 b). Forewing almost exactly as in albimacula, but hindwing with a large, endoxantlia.
orange-tinged hind marginal spot at the base. Uganda.

A. metarctioides Hmps. (6 b). Spots similar as in the two preceding, but the ground-colour of the metarctioi-
forewing at the margins with a bright fiery red tinge, hindwing whitish with a ruddle-red margin and apex. dcSm

Uganda.

A. paraclioria Holl. (6 b). Similar to the preceding, smaller, the colouring lighter red, ground-colour paraclioria.
only yet darkened in the surroundings of the much larger spot before the centre of the marginal area. Hind¬
wing white, outside ruddle-red. Cameroon, Congo. It was described as ,,Anaceu and has recently been placed
to Metarctia.

A, monotica Holl. (= deannulata Strd.) (6 c) is much smaller than the preceding species. Forewing monotica.
greyish ruddle-red, in the centre a large dingy white spot. Hindwing whitish with a reddish-grey apex. — quadrima-
In the form quadrimaculata Zerny the spot on the forewing is split in two pai’ts. Congo. culata.

A. aurantiaca Rothsch. (= palaemon Drc.) (6 c). Like monotica, but the forewing of a brighter yellowish aurantiaca.
red and without the central spot; also the abdomen is orange. Cameroon, Congo. Allied to the following.

52

METARCTIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

melaleuca. A . meSaleuca Roll. (6 c). Body and wings white, forewing with an orange costal margin and grey

marginal area and apex. Cameroon.

cancscens. A. eanescens Wkr. (= pallota Ploiz, = cinerocostata Holl., $ =■ cana Roll.) (6 c, d). Much larger

than the preceding, particularly the $. $ dull whitish, $ darker grey, quite uni-coloured. Body densely haired
subcanes- like a fleece. From Sierra Leone to South Africa, East Africa, and Natal. - — subcanesceiis Rothsch. (6 f) is
ecus. a smaper form i-;1 which the $ is light dull white, like the <$ of canescens. Senegambia. A form of this species
has recently also been discovered in the Palearctic Region, in the Cyrenaica.

rendalli. A, rctidalli Rothsch. (Ge) is very similar to canescens, but the $ is much smaller than most of the $$

of canescens , and the wings are of a dull smoky brownish-grey colour. Central Africa.

vitrina. A. vitrina Oberth. (5 d). We append here a species being at once recognisable by the hindwing consi¬

sting only of very small stunted lobes. Whitish, forewing with a blurred reddish-brown shadow at the costal
margin, distal margin, behind the cell, and above the base of the hind-margin. Congo.

preussi. A0 prewssi Gaede sp. n. (ined.). ,, Similar to a black vitrina, with broad black-veins. 30 mm. Sierra

Leone. “

19. Genus: Metarctia Wkr.

H amps ox combines in this genus about 40 forms which were formerly split into several genera, and
which were sometimes also ranged in wrong genera. A number of species is still very closely allied to the Apisa,
whilst some others are so closely allied to the following Balacra that they have been described as such. As to the
generic names, not all questions have yet been settled, since e. g. the genotype of the genus Anace Wkr. ( perpusilla )
being inserted in the Metarctia has proved to be the 1 of a M eganaclia ; caerulei fascia Wkr. is more correctly
placed to the Balacra ; with this species again Automolis ehrmanni is identical, and so on. Now the imagines
with serrate $ antennae are generally regarded as Balacra (= Pseudapiconoma Aur.), those with bipectinate
d antennae with long pinnae as Metarctia. The hindwings, though being small, are not so much stunted as
in many £<$ of Balacra. The larvae are only known of M . meteus Stoll and make the impression of Arctiid
larvae without the real hair-brushes and pencils found in so many American Syntomid larvae, in the Indian
and African Eucliromia and other allies. • — The Metarctia are, like the following Balacra, nocturnal insects
without a proboscis, of mostly dull, dark colours, rather uni-coloured, varying from a sooty brown to ruddle-red
which in many cases is only yet found on the body, in some, however, also on the wings.

lateritia. IVL lateritia H.-Schdjf. (=- rubra Wkr., venosa Wkr. cinnamomea Wallgr., unicolor Oberth.) (5e). At

once discernible by the veins being thickly bordered with a fiery red, traversing the earth-brown ground-colour.
— In typical specimens the body and particularly the dorsum of the thorax are marked with a very bright
kelleni. red; in the form kelleni Snell, the red borders of the veins are finer, and the red marking on the thorax is
abyssinibia. more scanty. • — In ab. abyssinibia Strd. the thorax and forewing are uniformly suffused with brown. ■ — • Distri¬
buted from Abyssinia and the Galla Districts over Mozambique and Natal to Cape Colony, and in some places
rather common.

erlangeri. M. erlatigeri Rothsch. ( = diversa B.-Bak.) (6 g) is almost exactly like a lateritia, but the total colour¬

ing is a bright purple pink, not only the neuration. Forewing and thorax with a somewhat brownish tinge.
The $ has a red-brown costal margin of the forewing. Abyssinia and Angola.

cameruna. M. camerana Hmps. (= haematoessa Oberth. nec Holl.) (6f) was at first taken to be the $ of haema-

toessa Holl. (6h), but perhaps it does not belong at all to this genus, but to Balacra. It has a yolk-coloured,
not red body, and in the forewing there are some more fiery-red spots, in the base of the cell and before
the cross- vein. Cameroon.

ftavivena. M. flavivena Hmps. (6 d). Body dark hemochrome, dorsum of thorax with 2 brown spots. Fore wing

dark brown, in typical specimens crossed by yellow veins. The $ exhibits more distinct dark transverse bands
zegina. across the abdomen. Central and East Africa. — The Abyssinian form zegina Strcl. (= subsp. 1 Hmps.) exhibits
red veins in the forewing, whereby a certain resemblance to M. lateritia from the same patria is produced;
panyamana. ground-colour of hindwing darkened by dark brown, so that the neuration is prominently light. — panyamana
Strd. (= subsp. 2 Hmps.) represents the species in Nigeria; here the forewings also show red veins, but the
hindwing purple pink ones.

crassa. M. erassa Fldr. (= meteus Wkr. nec Stoll) (Of). Reddish yellowish-brown, the neuration of the

forewing and the costal margin being dark brown. Cape Colony.

flaviciliata. M. flaviciliata Hmps. (6 d). Body dark hemochrome, dorsum of thorax with 2 lateral brown spots.

Wings dark brown with yellow fringes, hindwing somewhat lighter than forewing. In the $ the abdomen show's
more distinct dark bands, Uganda.

METARCTIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

M. flavicincta Aur. ( — sarcosoma Hmps.) (6 d). Very similar to jlaviciliata, but hindwing pale honey- flavicinda.
coloured. — In ab. contrasts B.-Bak. the body is of a stiJl deeper purple colour, in uniformis B.-Bcik. it is contra sta.
ochreous-yellow, shaded with dark. West Africa to Uganda. uniformis.

M. bicolora H.-Schdfj. (6 d). Body red with dark brown mesothorax, abdomen also in the $ with bicolora.
black rings. Wings dark brown with yellow fringes, hindwing as far as beyond the basal half dingy white.

Natal.

IVL fulvia Hmps. (6 d). Body miniate, wings pale ochreous, forewing with dark yellow margins. East fulvia.
Africa.' — In ab. pallens B.-Bcik. the costal margin and hind-margin are darkened by a sooty colour. Angola, pallens.

M. nigriceps Aur. (6 f). Only the $ is known. Body and wings brick-coloured; through the forewing, nigriceps.
before the centre, a bent, complete soot-coloured transverse band extends, and across the cross-vein a similar
demi-band. Cameroon.

M. pulverea Hmps. (6 g). Chestnut-brown, abdomen and hindwing somewhat greyer. Forewing with pulverea.
yellowish-red fringe and small dark spots on the cross-vein and below the cell. Uganda.

M. pumila Hmps. (6 c) is one of the smallest species; body light earth-coloured with darker markings, pumila.
hindwing earth-brown, forewing much darker brown with distinct black veins. From Gondokoro on the
White Nile.

M. phaeoptera Hmps. (6 c), from the Upper Congo, is quite similar to pumila, but the forewing is phaeoptera.
darker blackish-brown, so that the black veins are less conspicuous. Also the hindwing is of a darker tinge
than in pumila ; abdomen with distinct black rings.

M. pallida Hmps. (6 c) is coloured almost exactly like the preceding ones, but of a much clumsier pallida.
structure, thorax much broader, abdomen in both sexes shorter and stouter. $ almost like pumila , but the
forewing without the distinct neuration; $ more van Dyke-brown. The antennae are remarkably developed
in both sexes, recalling the South American Laora antennata (Vol. VI, pi. 38 i) which also shows resemblances
in the size and colouring, as some Metarctia anyhow recall the American genera Antarctia or J\I alloc ephala.

East Africa. - — In a form from the Gold Coast the body is of a more yellowish-reddish tinge : ab. kumasina Strd. kumasina.

M. metaSeuca Hmps. (6 g) likewise resembles pallida and pumila , but it is more slender than the former, metaleuca.
with a sooty grey hindwing. Liberia.

M. benitensis Holl. (6 g) is similar to the preceding, but larger. In the $ all the wings are darker, benitensis.
the forewing almost black; the hindwing in the $ whitish. Cameroon. Larva on bindweeds and other low
plants.

M. haematica Holl. (6g) is the smallest species of the genus. Thorax and forewing dark cinnamon- haematica.
brown, abdomen and hindwing brownish dark pink. Wings without markings. East and West Africa.

M. rubribasa B.-Bak. (6 h), from Angola, is uni-coloured light ruddle-red, hindwing miniate. rubribasa,

M. haematosphages Holl. (6g). Uni-coloured ruddle-red; thorax and forewing feebly shaded darker, haemato-
West Africa. sphages.

M. rufescens Wkr. (— maculifera Wallgr.) (6 e). Dark red-brown, in some places with a slight ochreous rufescens.
tinge. Forewing with a dark brown shadow round the cross-vein; hindwing light yellowish-brown, costal part
tinged with ruddle-red. West Africa. - — The South- African ab. parernphares Holl. has yellowish-white hindwings parernpha-
tinged with pink.

M. lugubris sp. n. Gaede (ined.). ,, Similar to rufescens. Body and antennae lighter brown. Head black, lugubris.
Forewing dark reddish-brown strewn with lighter scales. 30 to 36 mm. German East Africa. “

M. burra Schs. is slightly larger than lugubris ; the $ is light yellowish pinkish-brown, forewing with hurra.
a dark brown shadow round the cross- vein; hindwing pale yellow. Also of this species a redder race occurs,
with an obsolete shadow on the cross- vein. Sierra Leone and East Africa.

M. haematricha Hmps. (6 h). Body ruddle-red, with intense blackish-brown markings. Forewing haemalri-
of a deep dark chestnut-brown colour. Hindwing sooty-brown, somewhat lighter. Abyssinia. c'ia-

M. inconspicua Holl. (6 e). Smaller, thorax and forewing dark chestnut-brown, abdomen and hindwing inconspi-
pale ochreous- brownish. Easily discernible by the yellow hairing of the prothorax. East and West Africa. cua-

M. noctis Drc. (6 e) is almost exactly coloured like inconspicua, but the abdomen and hindwing are noctis.
not lighter than the fore wing. Abyssinia.

M, fusca Hmps. (6 h). Body and wings quite uni-coloured dark sooty-brown, but in the forewing fusca.
there are 3 small light spots at the cross-vein and one above the centre of the hind-margin. East Africa to
Uganda.

M. bipuncta Joic. & Tcdb. is allied to fusca, but the wings are longer, and the small spots in the bipuncta.
forewing are of a bright white colour. Forewing beneath tan-coloured, at the apex whitish. Rugege Forest,
at an altitude of 8000 ft., captured in December.

54

BALACRA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

invaria. M. Invaria Wkr. (= melinos Ky., syntomia and silacea Plotz ) (6 h). Fiery ruddle-red, with a miniate

tinge, in, behind and below the cell of the fore wing suffused with grey; the sub median area is traversed by
cnibcscens. a grey cross-bar. - — In the form erubescens Wkr. ( = - paralecta Holl.) the brown irroration contrasts particularly
luica. much with the places remaining fiery red. — In lutea Holl. the ground-colour is of a brighter yellow. West
pusillima. Africa - — pusiSlima Strd. are very small specimens from Bibundi with an expanse of but 21 to 22 mm.

aurantiifus- M. aurantiifusca Rothsch. (6 h) is very similar to invaria, but the spots of the orange ground-colour

ca • are in the cell larger and in the submedian area smaller than in invaria. Nigeria.

liacmatocs- M. haetnatcessa Holl. (6h). In this species the dark irroration on the fiery red forewing is so intense

sa ' that only 4 or 5 spots in one row at the cell-end and 1 moderately large spot in the submedian area, as well as
the marginal area remain fiery red. West Africa.

ilaviceps. M. flaviceps limps. (6 h). Very small ; recognisable by the dark red-brown body distinctly contrasting

with the light yellow vertex and the anal apex. Forewing dark brown, but tinged with a bright red, before
and behind the cross-vein a fiery red spot. Hindwing ruddle-red, towards the anal angle darker. Cameroon.

rubrilinea- M. rubrilineata B.-Bak. (0 i). Dark red-brown; head, a costal-marginal stripe, the fringe of the fore wing

la- and some small spots in and below the cell of a glaring dark red colour. Angola.

rubrovitta. M. rubrovitta Aur. (6 i). Forewing similar to rubrilineata, likewise with a fiery red costal-marginal

stripe, but the whole body and the hindwing are purple pink. Cameroon.

inccnsa. M. incensa Wkr. ((> i). Habitat unknown. Almost exactly like rubrovitta, but hindwing relatively

larger, forewing at the margin lighter yellowish- pink.

rubripunc- M. rubriputtcta Hmps. (G i). Body orange, marked and shaded with dark brown. Wings chestnut-

ia- brown, forewing with a fiery red dot at the base and cross-vein. Gabun. — On the Congo there also occurs
a form with pink hindwings.

ferrigera. M . ferrigera Drc. (6 i) is as large as the largest species of the genus. Body blackish-brown, forewing

yellowish-brown with brown shadows and blurred spots below the cell, between the veins, and at the margin;
hindwing yolk-coloured. Cameroon.

taymami. M. taymansi Rothsch. (G i) is slightly smaller than ferrigera ; by a brown reticulation the light yellowish-

white colour of the forewing is reduced to a number of spots arranged in transverse chains; hindwing pale
yellow. Kassai Districts.

meteus. M0 meteus Stoll (6 f) differs much — also in the veins ■ — from the other members of the genus. It

is also cpiite differently coloured and unmistakable. Forewing above and proximally reddish-yellow, distally
and below black; hindwing in the basal part reddish-yellow, the distal two thirds black. Body reddish-
yellow, abdomen with black bands. Natal and Cape Colony.

rubicundula. M. rubicundula Strd. Of this species recalling Apisa parachoria (6 b) 2 forms are named, the typical

quadrisig- form of which has more, but similarly arranged, spots than parachoria, whilst the other form quadrisignatula
nutula. gtr(i' only shows the 4 larger spots of the forewing. Ground-colour of hindwing basally not lighter; the spot
in area 3 of the forewing is somewhat removed towards the margin. Cameroon. — It is said to be allied with
,,perpusillail which, however, according to Hampson is the S of Metanaclia carnea.

20. Genus: BSalaerst Wkr.

H amp son had considered the type of Balacra (B. caeruleifascia Wkr.) to be a Metarctia, so that a new
name — Pseudapiconoma Aur. — bad been proposed for the real Balacra. According to Lord Rothschild,
however, the genus to which the above mentioned species actually belongs is composed of the 24 species enume¬
rated here by us. They are mostly rather large nocturnal insects with stout bodies, the abdomen being often
very long, cylindrical and the hindwing remarkably small. The colouring is already decidedly Arctiid-like,
but the forewing often shows yet some small hyaline spots. In the habitus they somewhat resemble the (much
neater) Automolis from the western hemisphere. The SS are mostly much smaller than the $9-

rubr osiriata. B, rubrostriata Aur. (7 a) is one of the largest species known, of a pale whitish yellow colour, forewing

with dark veins, thorax marked, red, and the abdomen with scarlet lateral spots. Only the § seems to be known
hitherto .

pulchm. B. puldira Aur. (= glagoessa Holl.) (7 a) is quite uni-coloured white, vertex red. The species some¬

what resembles the American Automolis leucoptera (Vol. VI, pi. 51 c). West Africa.

hcrona. B. herona Drc. (7 b). Body and forewing pale red-brown; on the sides of the base of the abdomen

there are scarlet pads. Forewing with slightly darker veins, and at the cell-end vein with a transverse shadow
being on both sides edged with white; hindwing yellowish-pink. West Africa.

BALACRA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

B. testacea Aur. (7 a) is of a bright ruddle-red colour; forewing with 3 {$) or 4 (?) red discal spots testacea.
which are light-centred in the $. Abdomen of $ with dark bands. In an aberration the $ may also lack the
light centres of the discal spots. West Africa, Uganda. - — ■ In ab. micromacula Strd. the spots are smaller and micromacu-
without yellow centres. la '

B. haemalea Holl. (7 b) chiefly differs from testacea in the deep hemochrome colour of the whole haemalea.
body; apical part of hindwing tinged with yellowish. Cameroon, Gabun, Congo.

B. germama Rothsch. (7 b). $. Colour of body and wings very bright red, but lighter than haemalea. germana.
Hindwing with prominently dark veins ; centre of abdomen with black bands. Sierra Leone. The $ has apparently
not yet been found.

B. intermedia Rothsch. (7 c). In the $ the body is of a very bright light red, the forewing brown intermedia.
with red discal spots, the spot in the submedian area being very large and centred with whitish. Sierra Leone.

B. flavimacula Wkr. (= decora Oberth.) (7 c) differs from the quite similar testacea in the showing fiavimacula.
the white spots of the fore wing with much larger white centres, and the $ showing no black belts in the centre
of the abdomen. Beside this typical form there also occur specimens (in Cameroon) with more intensely
purple pink hindwings, and such without any yellow spots on the forewing (= ab. monotonia Strd.). West monotonia.
Africa.

B. preussi Aur. (= guillemei Oberth.) (7 d) differs from the preceding in the distinctly defined white, preussi.
not yellow hyaline spots, 4 or 5 of which are combined to a subapical chain in the forewing, whilst 2 smaller
ones are in and below the cell. In the $ the colouring is a brownish purple pink, in the $ the thorax and
the ground-colour of the forewing are dark brown. — brunnea Griinb. (7 c) has a yellow body and hindwing, brannea.
with smaller spots in the forewing, which, on the contrary, are larger and particularly longer in longimacula longimacu-
Strd. ■ — In laureola Drc. the red bordering of the cellular spots in the forewing is absent, but they are larger. ? ? Ja‘

West Africa. — erubescens Joic. <£■ Talb., probably a separate species from the Belgian Congo, has the erubescens.
forewing suffused with reddish, and only 4 postcellular spots.

caeruleifas-

B. caeruleifascia Wkr. (7 d). The $ is quite similar to the preceding species, separated by black da.

abdominal belts and by the lowest of the 4 subapical spots being proximally removed; sometimes there is
below this spot another accessory fifth very small spot. The <$ has 2 red cellular spots and 1 large yellow-centred
submedian spot and yellow hindwings. — In the form ehrmaffili Holl. (7 f) the $ shows larger white spots, whilst chrmanni.
in the <$ the red ones are increased in number. Sierra Leone.

B. umbra Drc. (= speculifera Griinb.) (7 e). The hyaline spots of the subapical band are in a straight umbra.
row, the spot 4 is not proximally removed, and there is a small hyaline double spot in the centre of the
hindwing. Cameroon.

B. nigripennis Aur. (= gloriosa Jord., obliterata Griinb.) (7 e) is blackish-brown. Abdomen with nigripennis.
red rings, forewing with G hyaline spots, similar to preussi-9. West and Central Africa.

B. ochracea Wkr. (= conradti Oberth.) (7 e, f). Walker’s type seems to have been lost; if the species ochracea.
is correctly described by Lord Rothschild, the $ is ochreous yellowish-brown with 1 yolk-coloured spot each
in, below and behind the cell; the $ is also lighter yellowish-red than most of the other species; the discal chain
of spots is distally convex, the small spot in the cell very small, the one below it large; abdomen of $ with
dull black rings. West Africa.

Be rattrayi Rothsch. (7 d, e) is very similar to ochracea , but the light spots in both sexes are increased, rattrayi.

Uganda.

B. bates! Drc. (7 f). In the forewing the discal spots are arranged in 2 groups; 2 or 3 before the apex batesi.
and 3 or 4 around the cell-end. The spots are in both sexes somewhat hyaline sulphur-coloured, surrounded
with purple. Below the costa of the forewing a purple stripe. — Inab. congoensis Rothsch. the subcostal purple congoensis.
streak is absent and the spots are rather small; — in ab. ugandae Rothsch. the purple streak is absent and ugandae.
the hindwing is lighter yellow. West Africa. — In ab. elegantissima Strd., which may belong to flavimacula, elegantissi-
the yellow spots are increased. ma-

B0 Humphrey! Rothsch. (7 d). Body golden yellow; in the dark brown forewing there are 2 spots in Immphreyi.
and below the centre of the cell, 2 at the cell-end, and 1 or 2 at the base of the wing; the subapical spots
are absent. Hindwing of a deep reddish yellow, towards the costa lighter. The $ seems not to be known.

Nigeria.

B. rabricincta Holl. (5e) is discernible by the white body with purple markings and rings. Fore wing rubricincta.
reddish ochreous with a white costal -marginal stripe and in the whitish disc; hindwing purple red. West
Africa. - — In furva Hmps. (7 e) the lighter part is larger and purer, the ground-colour of the forewing si darker, furva.
so that 2 small white guttiform spots are more conspicuous. Gold Coast.

B. elegans Aur. (= damalis Holl.) (5f). Body dark brown; vertex, and sides at the base of the elegans.
abdomen in the purple, collar white. Forewing dark chestnut-brown around the cell-end, a group of white
patches; hindwing orange; in the $ the body is more uni-coloured, but the abdomen shows black bands; the

curriei.

compsa.

vitreaia.

fenestrcita.

affinis.
daphaena .

lophura.

lopharoides.

diptera.

alavistis.

chalybsa.

56 PARAMELIS A ; MELISA; PSEUBMELISA; EUCHROMIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

white patches of the forewing are absent, whereas the ground-colour in the hindmarginal area is somewhat
lighter. Uganda. - — In curriei Dyar, from Liberia, the patches on the forewing are larger, the thorax is beneath
purple, the abdomen above with a series of purple spots and laterally with orange hair-tufts.

B. compsa Jord. (= stigmatica Griinb.) (7 f). Forewing quite similar to furva-$ (8e), but there
are more and larger hyaline spots, more distinctly defined. <J easily discernible by the brown (not white) body
with purple abdominal sides and the white-hyaline hindwings, $ by the quite dark abdomen. Angola and
Uganda.

B. vifreata Rothsch. (7 e). In the $ (the G is unknown) the body is uni-coloured dark brown, the
forewing and distal part except the apex and the thick cell-end spot are hyaline; hindwing hyaline with a dark
brown margin. ,,Africa“, no other habitat being mentioned.

B. fenestrata Jorcl. (= melaena Bmps.) (7 d) is similar to vitreata , but the ground-colour is almost
black, with a slight bluish-green gloss, the margin of the forewing is broader black. G unknown to me. Angola,
Uganda.

B, affinis Rothsch. (5e). This small species from the Congo is at once discernible by the spotless
forewing, and the hindwing being stunted to a small dingy white scale. $ unknown.

B. daphaena Bmps. (5f) is quite similar, but the hindwing and forewing are dark brown without
any lighter parts; it is about twice as large as affinis. From the Niger. Only the $ is known.

21. Genus: Faramelisa Aur.

This genus closely approximates the two last species of the preceding genus. The most conspicuous
mark in its two species is a tassel of the tail in the GS and a scent-organ consisting of a friction-pacl on the
hindwing and a corresponding androconial spot at the hind-margin of the forewing beneath. The genus
approximately corresponds with the nearctie genus Androcharta (Vol. VI, p. 131, pi. 20).

P. lophura Aur. (<J = [Melisoides] lobata Strd.) (5f). Head, collar, and broader abdominal belts
dark yellow, between the latter with whitish segmental margins. The tassel of the tail is orange. Forewing
brown, hindwing yolk-coloured. From the Congo. We figure the §; the G has an anal pencil.

P. lophuroides Oberth. (5 g). Head and collar yellow, thorax dark brown like the forewing; the hindwings
are small stunted yellow lobes; abdomen brown, the posterior rings in front edged with yellow, behind with
red; the pencil of the tail is 5 mm long. Cameroon (Johann- Albrecht Hill).

22. Genus; Melisa Wkr.

The two lustrous blackish-blue species with long bodies and narrow wings do not exhibit any real
tassel of the tail in the G<$> but they exhibit at the end of the abdomen a distinct hair-tuft which can be spread
out straight. Hindwing reduced, with a scent-organ. In contrast with the preceding, the Melisa have
a proboscis.

M. diptera Wkr. ( = croceipes Aur.) (5 g) has its name from the hindwing being so much hidden below
the base of the forewing, that the insect almost looks dipterous. Black with a metal gloss, with orange legs
and yellow bands on the abdomen beneath; small orange dots also on the dorsal sides of the abdomen. West
Africa.

M. atavistis H nips. (5g) is similar to dvptera\ hindwing somewhat larger, legs red, the rings on the
abdomen beneath partly silvery, the abdominal dorsum laterally spotted more silvery grey, the anal tuft with
purple hair. Gold Coast.

23. Genus: JPsemliiaelisa Bmps.

Separated from the Melisa by the absence of the proboscis. The differences stated in the veins are
probably partly due to the distortion of the disfigured wings.

Ps. chalybsa Bmps. (5g). Shape and colouring of wings quite similar to the preceding species; but
the abdomen has a yellow end and a hemochrome basal band. Congo.

24. Genus: Euchromia Bbn.

The African representatives which have been dealt at large in Vol. X, p. 85, like their numerous Indian
allies, exhibit the most magnificent colours on the body and particularly oir the dorsum of the abdomen. Just
as in the Indian species, the spots on the wings vary in number and size as well as in their colour which may

Publ. 22. V. 1926.

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Syntomidae.

57

change from a pale yellowish hyaline to ochreous or almost orange. The occurrence of the Ethiopian species
is entirely confined to Tropical Africa, only one species penetrating to the south as far as Natal and Zulu Land.

In America the genus Syntomeida (Vol. VI, p. 89, pi. 16) approximately corresponds with them. A great number
of new species have quite recently been described from the Malay Archipelago. The larvae exhibit in front
and behind prolonged hair-pencils, and besides racliatingly haired tubercles; they live on Convolvulaceae etc.

E. madagascariesisis Bsd. (5h). Patagia, tegulae, and the basal spots of the wings are reddish-orange, madagasca-
Madagascar. rien-sis.

E„ amoena Mschlr. (= africana Btlr.) (5 h). All the spots on the forewing are honey-coloured. Abdomen amoena.
with a yellow belt on ring 2 and a red one on rings 5 and 6, otherwise blackish with a faint steel-blue reflection;
patagia and tegulae red. East Africa, to the south as far as Zulu Land.

E. formosa Guer. (= folletii Gray) (5g). The 5 th and 6th abdominal rings are more golden yellow formosa.
than red-brown; all the hyaline spots of the wings are pale diaphanous wax-coloured or whitish. East Africa
and Madagascar.

E. lethe F. (= eumolphus Cr., fulvida Btlr.) (5 h). All the spots of the wings are dark honey-coloured, lethe.
the 4th and 6th abdominal rings of a magnificent sky-blue glitter. West Africa to Mombuttu Land.

E. guhieensis F. (= sperchia Cr., interstans Wkr., leonis Btlr., bellula Mab.) (5h) is similar to the guineensis.
preceding, but the patagia and tegulae are not red or yellow spotted, but of a steel blue gloss. Spots on the
wings ochreous. Hindwing with 2 separate spots, the proximal one of which extends to the base of vein 2
in the form splendens Btlr. ■ — - In ab. discifera Zy. the spot below the cell is semicircular and does not extend splendens.
farther towards the base than the cellular spot. - — West Africa.

E. hampsoni nom. nov. ( = rubricollis limps, nec Wkr.) (5h). The median group of spots is much hampsoni.
smaller than in the preceding, so that the whole basal quarter of the forewing remains black. West Africa (Sierra
Leone). The name E. rubricollis has already been given to a form from the South Sea; cf. Vol. X, p. 88.

E. interrupta Griinb. (= jacksoni B.-Bak.) (5h). Here the proximal spot of the hindwing is very interrupta.
small, the distal spot, however, large; in the forewing the whole centre is black. Abdomen on the rings 2 and 5
red-brown. West and Central Africa.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the Ethiopian Syntomidae.
*) signifies that the form is also figured at the place cited.

abyssinibria Met. Strd. Iris 34, p. 224.
affinis Bal. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 442.
africana Er. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. 1, p. 48. *
agatha Thy. Obertli. Et. d’Ent. 18, p. 5. *
albicincta Epit. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11, p. 339.
albimacula Ap. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. I, p. 63. *
albimacula Cer. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 1, p. 128.
alenicola Synt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 78 A (6), p. 179.
alicia Synt. Btlr. .lourn. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 12, p. 348.
alluaudi My. Obertli. An. Ent. Soc. Fr. 79, p. 467. *
amazoula Epit. Bsd. Voy. Delegorg. 2, p. 597.
amoena Euchr. Mschlr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 33, p. 350.
amplificata Stict. Saalm. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1879, p. 261.
anastasia Stict. Obertli. Et. d’Ent. 18, p. 2. *
angolensis Thyr. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 50.
anna Synt. Btlr. .lourn. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 12, p. 248.
ansorgei Epit. Rotlisch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 441.
anthraeiformis Cer. Wallgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 40.
apicalis Synt. Strd. Entomol. Rundsch. 26, p. 109.
atricornis Synt. Wallgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 7, p. 139.
aurantiaca Ap. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 441.
aurantiifusca Met. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 20, p. 187.

barombina Cer. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 42. *
basithyris Synt. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. I. p. 44. *
batesi Bal. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 393.
benitensis Met. Holt. Psyche 6, p. 395.
benitonis Synt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 78, A (6) p. 179.
bicolor Micr. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 1911, p. 155.
bicolora Met. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1718.
bifasciata Pseud. Aur. Sjoest. Exped. Kil.-Nd., p. 24. *

bipuncta Met. dole. & Talb. Bull. Hill. -Mus. 1 (3) p. 549.
bivittata Trich. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 66.
blandina My. Obertli. Et. d’Ent. 18, p. 1. *
borguensis Epit. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 166.
brunnea Bal. Griinb. Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1907, p. 434 *.
burra Met. Schs. Lep. Sierra-Leone, p. 23. *
burtti Trich. Hist. Entomolog. 33, p. 261.
bntleri Thy. Mab. le Naturaliste 2, p. 134.

caeruleifascia Bal. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1721.
caerulescens Synt. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1, p. 146.
caffra Thyr. Wallgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 7, p. 138.
cambouei Dys. Obertli. Et. d’Ent. 18, p. 6. *
cameruna Met. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. 1, p. 65. *
canescens Ap. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mirs. 4, p. 917.
cerbera Synt. L. Mus. Ulric., p. 363.
ceres Synt,. Obertli. Et. d’Ent. 3, p. 33. *
chalybsa Pseudm. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 391. *
chloroscia Synt. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 168.
chloropyga Ap. Plots Stett. Ent. Ztg. 41, p. 79.
cbolmlei Synt. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 223.
chrysozona Synt. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 1, p. 90. *
cinereoguttata Met. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 78 (6), p. 189.
compsa Bal. Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 11, p. 441.
eonfluens Thy. Obertli. Et. d’Ent. 18, p. 3. *
congener Synt. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) S, p. 168.
congoensis Bal. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 443.
connexa Ap. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 1, p. 246.
consimilis Synt. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 167.
constricta Cer. Btlr. Ill. Typ. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 1, p. 18. *
contigua Thy. Saalm. Lep. Madagasc. 1, p. 143. *

XIV

8

58

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Syntomidae.

contrasts Met. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 7 p. 533.
corvus Synt. Wallgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 39.
crassa Met. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. 2, p. 10. *
erawshayi Cer. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 166.
crenophylax Ap. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 393.
creobota Synt. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 393.

croceizona Synt. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 389. *
cuprizonata Synt. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 389. *
curriei Bal. Dyar Journ. New-York Ent. Soc. 7, p. 174.
eyanea Synt. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. 1, p. 42. *
cybelistis Cer. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 393.
cytogaster My. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 393.

(lamarensis Synt. Strd. Schultze Forsch. Stid-Afr. 4 ( 1 ), p. 122. *

dapliaena Bal. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 1, p. 150. *

depurpuralis Synt. Slrd. Iris 34, p. 224.

dilateralis Synt. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 1, p. 82. *

discata Synt. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1, p. 147.

discifera Euchr. Zy. Iris 26, p. 120.

distincta Thy. Saalm. Lep. Madagasc. 1, p. 144.

divalis Synt. Schs. Lep. Sierra-Leone, p. 21. *

duplicata Epit. Gaede, Seitz, Macrolep. 14, in 47. *

efulensis Thyrag. Holl. Entomol. News 9, p. 12.
ekrmanni Bal. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 535.
elachista My. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 375.
elasson Cer. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 375.
elegans Bal. Aur. Ent. Tidskr.13, p. 200.
elegantissima Bal. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78 A 6, p. 189.
endocrocis Synt. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11, p. 338.
endoxantha Ap. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. 1, p. 64. *
erlangeri Met. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 442.
erubescens Bal. Joic. u. Talb. Bull. Hill-Mus. 1, p. 549.
erubescens Trit. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 169.
erubescens Met. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 315.
expallescens Thy. Saalm. Lep. Madagasc. 1, p. 145.

fantasia Synt. Btlr. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 12. p. 349.
fasciata Pseud. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 48. *
fenestrata Bal. .lord. Novit. Zoolog. 11, p. 442.
ferrigera Met. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 395.
flava Cer. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 530.
flavia Micr. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 18, p. 5. *
flaviccps Met. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 1, p. 147. *
flavicincta Met. Aur. Oefvers. Svensk Akad. Forh. 1900, p. 1057.
flavimacula Bal. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1722.
flavipunctata Er. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 531.
flavivena Met. Hmps. Ann. South- Afr. Mus. 2, p. 40.
flavoanalis Synt. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 45. *
flavociliata Met. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), 19 p. 225.
florida Dys. Joann. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 75, p. 169. *
formosa Euchr. Guer. Icon. Regn. Anim. Ins. p. 501. *
francisca Synt. Btlr. Journ. Linn. Soc. Ent. (Zool.) 12, p. 349.
fulvescens Trich. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 1, p. 132,
fulvia Met. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 170.
furva Bal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 394.
fusca Met. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 169.

germana Bal. Rothscli. Novit. Zoolog. 19, p. 119. *
gnatula Psich. Bsd. Yoy. Delegorg. 2, p. 596.
good! Synt. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 376.
guineensis Euchr. F. System. Entomol. p. 551.

haemalea Bal. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 397.

Iiaematica Met. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 396.
liaematoessa Met. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 396.
haematospkages Met. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 396.
haematricha Met. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 15, p. 426.
liampsoai Euchr. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 57. *
kanningtoni Synt. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 44. *
hemispkaerica Synt. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910,
p. 389. *

liei'ona Bal. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 669.

Mlda Cer. Ehrm. Canad. Entomolog. 26, p. 69.

Mppotes Thyr. Cr. Papil. Exot. 3, p. 166. *

Iioloxantha Thy. Zy. Lepidopt. Catal. 17 (Syntomid.), p. 37.
homopunctata Ap. Slrd. Arch. Naturg. 78 A 6, p. 785.
kova Stict. Strd. Iris 34, p. 224.

Immplireyi Bal. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 19, p. 119. *

idda My. Plotz Stett. Ent. Ztg. 41, p. 79.
incensa Met. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 316.

inconspicua Met. Holl. The Entomolog. 25, p. 93.
infranigra Cer. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 78 A, (6), p. 178.
intermedia Bal. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 19, p. 120. *
interniplaga Synt. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) 10, p. 35.
interrupta Euchr. Griinb. S.-B. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. 1910, p. 176.
invaria Met. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1720.

jacksoni Synt. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 432.
janenseki Synt. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 46.
johanna Synt. Btlr. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 12, p. 348.

kefersteini Trit. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 2, p. 3.
kelleni Met. Sn. Not. Leyd. Mus. 8, p. 1.
kenredi Synt. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17. p. 436.
kerri Ap. Holl. Entomolog. News 9, p. 12.
kuhlweinii Synt. Lef. Magas. Zoolog. Insect. Tab. 33. *
kumasina Met. Strd. Iris 34, p. 224.

lagosensis Synt. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 221

iamborni Ap. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 20, p, 188.

lateralis Synt. Bsd. Spec. Gbn. Lbp. 1. *

lateritia Met. H.-Schdff. AuBereur. Schmet-t., p. 72. *

laureola Ball. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist (8), 5 p. 393.

leimacis Synt. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 375.

leopardina Micr. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 19, p. 155.

letke Euchr. F. System. Entomol., p. 553.

leucerytlira Synt. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 376.

leucogaster Ap. Holl. Psyche 6. p. 393.

longimacula Bal. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78 A 6, p. 189.

longipes Cer. H.-Schdff. AuBereur. Schmett. Fig. 273. *

lopkura Par. Aur. Ark. Zoolog. (1) 3, p. 13. *

lophuroides Par. Oberth. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 79, p. 468. *

lucia Dys. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 18, p. 6. *

luctuosa Thy. Oberth. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 79, p. 467. *

lugens Thy. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 18, p. 7. *

lugubris Met. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 53. .

lutea Met. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 396.

inabira Ap. Strd. Iris 34, p. 224.

madagascariensis Euchr. Bsd. Faun. Madagasc., p. 83. *
magdalene Synt. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 18, p. 9. *
magila Synt. Strd. Iris 34, p. 224.

makomensis My. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 78 (6), p. 175.
maria Stict. Oberth. Et.^ Lep. Comp. 3, p. 94. *
marietta Stict. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 3, p. 95. *
marina Synt. Btlr. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 21, p. 348.
melaleuca Ap. Holl. Entomolog. News 9, p. 13.
metaleuca Met. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. I, p. 69. *
inetarctioides Ap. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 224.
meteus Met. Stoll, Papil. Exot. 4, p. 109. *
micromacula Bal. Strd. Iris 34, p. 224.
microsippia Megan. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 78 A (6), p. 183.
minceus Ent. Stoll, Papil. Exot. 4, Tab. 347. *
minor Meg. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. I, p. 61. *
minor Pseud. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 441.
minuta Thy. Bsd. Faun. Madagasc., p. 80. *
miozona Synt. Hmps. Proc. Zool. .Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 3S9. *
misera Thyr. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 146.
miserabilis My. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 375.
moereus Thy. Oberth. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 79, p. 467. *
mogadorensis Synt. Blacli. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 77, p. 219. *
monotliyris Synt. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. I, p. 43. *
monotica Ap. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 395.
monotonia Bal. Std. Arch. Naturg. 78 A 6, p. 191.
montana Thyr. Bsd. Voy. Delegorg. 2, p. 597.
monteiroi Thyr. Btlr. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 12,
p. 359.

monticola Synt. Aur. Sjoest. Exped. Kil.-Ndj. Lep . p. 24. *
muscella Micr. Mab. C.-R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 28, p. 18S.
inyodes Stict. Guer. Icon. Regn. Anim. Ins., p. 500. *
myopsyckoides Epit. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 78(6), p. 182.

nacliodes Cer. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. I, p. 3. *
negus Thyr. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 3, p. 31. *
nerval is My. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78 A (6), p. 175.
nigra Epist. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11, p. 339.
nigriceps Met. Aur. Ark. Zoolog. (4) 2, p. 30.
nigricilia Synt. Strd. Arch. f. Naturg. 78 A, p. 82.
nigripennis Bal. Aur. Ark. Zoolog. (4) 2, p. 30.
nigrobasalis Synt. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 436.
noctis Met. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 394.
nostalis Synt. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 1, p. 129.
notoplagia My. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 1, p. 49. *
n’tebi Synt. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 531.

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Syntomidae.

59

oberthiiri Micr. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 155.
ocliracea Bal. Wkr. Proc. Nat. ITist. Soc. Glasg. 1, p. 331.
ochsenheimeri My. Bsd. Monogr. Zygaen., p. 113. *

pallens Met. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 532.
pallida Met. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 170.
panyamana Met. Strd. Iris 34, p. 224.
parachoria Ap. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 395. *
parempkares Met. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 395.
pembertoni Synt. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 431.
perpetua Thy. Oherth. Et. d’Bnt. 18, p. 3. *
perpusilla Met. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1720.
phaegoptera Met. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4, p. 344.
phaeobasis Synt. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 223.
phasma Thyr. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896, p. 846.
Phoenicia Synt. Hmps. Gat. Lep. Phal. 1, p. 70. *
pleurosticta Er. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 390. *
ploetzi Synt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 78 (6), p. 180.
preussi Bal. Aur. Ark. Zoolog. (4) 2, p. 31. *
procridia Apit. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 1, p. 125. *
pterophorina Trich. Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1892, p. 139.
puella Pseud. Bsd. Voy. Delegorg. 2, p. 596.
pulchra Bal. Aur. Entomol. Tidskr. 13, p. 200.
pulverea Met. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 225.
pumila Met. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4, p. 344.
puncticincta My. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 375.
pusillima Met. Strd. Arcli. Naturg. 78 A 6, p. 187.

quadrimaculata Ap. Zy. Iris. 26, p. 120.
quadrimaculata Thy. Mab. Bull. .Soc. Zool. Fr. (3) 1, p. 85.
quadrisignatula Met. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 78 (6), p. 187.
quinquemaeula Dys. Mab. le Naturaliste 2, p. 134.

rattrayi Bal. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 411.
reducta Synt. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 44.
rendalli Ap. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 441.
rendalli Synt. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Plist. (6) 20, p. 16.
resecta Cer. H.-Schdff. AuBereur. Schmett. Fig. 269. *
reutlingeri Synt. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 376.
rubiciindula Met. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 78 A (6), p. 187.
rubribasa Met. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 533.
rubricincta Bal. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 396. *
rubrilineata Met. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 533.
rubripuncta Met. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 1, p. 147. *
rubritincta Synt. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11, p. 338.
rubrivitta Met. Aur. Ark. Zoolog. (2) 4, p. 31.
rubrostriata Bal. Aur. Entomol. Tidskr. 19, p. 185.

rufeseens Met. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 769.
ruficilla Ap. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78 A 6, p. 18 1.
rufina Synt. Obertli. Et. d’Ent. 3, p. 32. *

schultzei Trich. Aur. Ark. Zoolog. 2 (12), p. 24.
semihyalina Cer. Ky. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) ]<3, p. 379. *
shea Synt. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 1, p. 70. *
simplex Micr. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 236.
Simplex Synt. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 1, p. 129.
sippia Meg. Plotz Stett. Ent. Ztg. 11, p. 28. *
sjoestedti Ap. Aur. Ark. Zoolog. (4) 2, p. 28. *
splendens Euchr. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 113. *
stenoptera Synt. Zy. Lepidopt. C'atal. 7 (Syntomid.), p. 15.
stictoptera Synt. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 132.
subcanescens Ap. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 442.

taymansi Met. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 442.
tenera Micr. Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (3) 1, p. 85.
terminalis Cer. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 1, p. 128.
testacea Bal. Aur. Entomol. Tidskr. 2, p. 46. *
tollini Thy. Kef. Jahrb. Akad. Erfurt (2) 6, p. 13. *
tomasina Synt. Btlr. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 12, p. 348.
trichaetiformis Thyr. Zy. Iris 26, in 119.
trimacula Thy. Oherth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (3) 1, p. 85.
tripunctata Synt. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 530.
tristigma Ap. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 37, p. 58.
tritonia Synt. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8. p. 394.
typica Epit. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 78 (6), p. 176.

uelleburgensis Synt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 78 (6), p. 181.
ugandae Bal. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 433.
umbra Bal. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 394.
uniforrais Met. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 534.

velatipennis Synt. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 67.
veronica Synt. Oherth. Et. d’Ent. 18, p. 8. *
vitreata Bal. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 445.
vitrina Ap. Oherth. Et. Lep. Comp. 3, p. 95. *

waldowi Synt. Griinb. Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1907, p. 413. *
williami Synt. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 433.

xantkopleura My. Holl. Entomol. News 9, p. 11.
xanthopleura Synt. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. 1, p. 41. *
xanthosoma My. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 222.

zegina Met. Strd. Iris 34, p. 224.

ARCTIIDAE; NOLINAE; NOLA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

61

4. Family: Arctiidae, Tiger-Moths.

This family does not abound in large and beautiful forms in the Ethiopian Region. In Vol. VI (p. 231)
and X (p. 105), where it was dealt with at large, we have already stated its chief range to be in the northern
temperate zone. In the tropics the larger forms are mostly dark or neutrally coloured nocturnal insects;
the smaller ones, being often very charmingly coloured (such as the neotropical Automolis), lack again the large
glaringly coloured areas on the wings as are exhibited in the north by the Callimorpha , Arctia, Pericallia etc.

By the great conformity of the neuration, the composition of the genera, particularly in the genuine
Arctiinae, was rendered so difficult that some systematizers who chiefly rely on the neuration of the wings
were obliged to employ gigantic genera evidently containing quite heterogeneous elements. It is also very
difficult to draw a sharp line between the Arctiidae and the following family, the Lymantriidae, since the veins
hardly supply any aid here. On the other hand, groups being undoubtedly connected with the Arctiidae, such
as the Callimorpha in Europe, the Platyprepia in America, have been eliminated from the Arctiid family, although
they can by no means remain separated from them. The present composition of the genera is also frequently
opposed to the experiences of zoogeography, as it is unlikely that genera (such as Maenas, Nstigmene , Seirarctia
etc.) are common to Africa with South America, whereas in all the other parts of the globe they are absent.

We essentially follow here the order of divisions having been chosen in the 2nd, 6th, and 10th volumes,
according to which the following groups are distinguished:

a) Nolinae e) Spilosorninae

b) Lithosiinae f) Arctiinae

c) Hypsinae (Aganauli) g) Callimorphinae

d) Micrarctiinae h) N yctemerinae,

so far as they are represented in the Ethiopian Fauna. — In the same way as in Vol. X the Pterothysanus,
here in this volume an equivalent group, the Otraeda, are appended as a kind of transition to the Lymantriidae.

I. Subfamily: MoSinae.

The Nolinae, without exception comprise small and mostly also inconspicuously coloured lepidoptera which are
often neglected and regarded as microlepidoptera by those collectors that wish to make a lucrative use of their collections.
By reason of lepidopterologically schooled collectors, who also pay attention to minute lepidoptera, having only recently
penetrated in greater numbers into the interior of Africa, most of the Nolinae have also been described only in the last
decades. Ktbby, in 1890, hardly enumerated a dozen of species which, at that time, were not even correctly listed. At the
end of the last century there were not yet more, and to-day the number of the Ethiopian Nolinae known exceeds 40,
particularly many having been added by H.ampson in the last years.

As to the remarkable habits of these insects, e. g. the formation of crowns in the sloughing time, the peculiar
traces in feeding, the strange construction of the boat-shaped bassinet of the pupa, we have already informed the readers
in Vol. II (p. 44), Vol. VI (p. 233), and Vol. X (p. 107), so that we merely refer to those places. Very little being known
of the Ethiopian Nolinae, there is nothing from which we might infer a demeanour different from the African species.

• On the whole our material from the Ethiopian Region is also therefore still very scanty, because the Nolinae
are mostly no common insects. Many are even decidedly rare, being captured at the lantern only by chance, and of quite
a number of the species enumerated here merely the type is known. The Island of Madagascar seems to be favoured to
a certain degree by this subfamily.

1. Genus: ISTolil Leach.

From the Ethiopian Region 18 forms of this genus are known to-day, which neither in then’ size nor
colouring differ very much from the Indo- Australian or palearctic species. Most of them have an expanse of

fovifera.

ochrogr al¬
pha.

pcrfusca.

mesoscota.

cndo costa.

mcsotherma.

chionea.

angola.

argyrolepis.

poliotis.

diplozona.

praefica.

crctacea.

leucalea.

cliia.

major.

transecta.

bicincta.

02 NOLA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

about 2 cm and brownish or yellow-tinted, more rarely white wings. As to the diagnose of the genus cf. Vol. II,
p. 44.

N. fovifera Hmps. (8 a). The $ has a scent-pad in the cell-end on the forewing beneath. The forewing
exhibits on the dirty greyish-white ground 3 nebulous transverse lines (before, in and behind the centre)
composed of somewhat irregular, distally white-edged small spots. Hindwing whitish, with a dull brown tint.
Apparently widely distributed; it was found at the Gold Coast and in Rhodesia.

N. ochrographa Hmps. (8 a) is slightly larger, but the forewing of a decidedly brown ground-colour.
The proximal transverse line is very strongly indented, posteriorly convex; the middle one reduced to a cell-
end spot of the costa, the distal one straight, whitish, proximally shaded with dark; another transverse line,
not quite parallel to the 3rd, is before the marginal area. Hindwing margined with brown, towards the apex
broader. Uganda.

N. perfuses limps. (8 a) is considerably smaller than the preceding, darker and more monotonously
brown, of the marking only a median oblique shadow is to be noticed. Hindwing towards the base a little
lighter brown. West Africa.

N. mesoscota Hmps. (8 a). Forewing brown, the 3 transverse lines distinct and rather straight; besides
a dot in the posterior part of the cell. Hindwing lighter brown. Transvaal.

N. endocosta Hmps. (8 a) is smaller than mesoscota which it otherwise resembles, but only the 2 outer
transverse stripes are distinct, very oblique; besides there is a small ring-spot in the cell. In this species the
hindwing is darker brown than the more yellowish -brown forewing. From the Gold Coast.

N. mesotherma Hmps. (8 a). The 3 transverse stripes of the forewing are distinct, their course similar
to that in fovifera , but the basal area and the proximal half of the marginal third white, so that the central
area represents a brown broad band. Hindwing dark brown. Gold Coast.

N. chionea Hmps. (8 a). Forewing white with a very feeble brown median band and a broad dark
margin. Hindwing white with a brownish fringe. West Africa.

N„ angola B.-Bak. (8 b). Forewing brown, the basal quarter and a large oval costal spot before the
apex white; in the cell a dark dot. Hindwing white with a yellowish-brown marginal band. Angola.

N. argyrolepis Hmps. (8 b) is almost like fovifera , just a little larger; discernible by the more regular
postmedian stripe and the less oblique median stripe. Mashona Land.

N. poliotis Hmps. (8 b) is larger than argyrolepis, but otherwise similarly coloured and marked; the
median stripe of the forewing is hardly traceable. Transvaal.

N. diplozona Hmps. (8 b), from Nairobi in East Africa, is scarcely half the size of poliotis, but the
3 transverse stripes of the forewing are oblique, quite straight, the two distal ones bordered with light.

N. praefica Saalm. (8 b) is a relatively large, yellowish -brown species. The distal transverse line of the
forewing extends in two indentations, the middle one being curved; the proximal one being absent, instead
of it there is a small cellular spot and a brown longitudinal spot at the costal margin. South Africa and
Madagascar.

N. cretacea Hmps. (8 b) is the smallest and most insignificant species, almost like a fovifera, but
still smaller, of a lighter greyish brown ground-colour, with partly obliterated transverse lines. Nigeria.

N. leucalea Hmps. (8 b) is much larger, of a similar dark ground-colour, but in the forewing there
are 5 instead of 3 transverse lines, and sometimes yet a sixth incomplete line starting from the centre of the
costal margin. South and East Africa.

N. clhia H oil. (8 c) is still larger, with a quite different marking. The forewing being almost quite
chalk-coloured white has a dark base of the costa, a brown triangle in the centre of the costal margin, and
a brown marginal area crossed by a light undulate line. Hindwing brown. From the Congo.

N. major Hmps. (8 c). This species has been described in Vol. X, pi. 13 e as distributa Wkr. and
dealt with on p. 108, on the supposition that there are no specific differences between the Asiatic and African
specimens. If this is correct, the species has an enormous range extending from West Africa, across Madagas¬
car and South India with Ceylon to the remote Christmas Island. The scheme of markings is very much
like that of cilia.

N0 transecta Hmps. (8c) is much smaller; the forewing is likewise chiefly white, but the costa, apex
and distal margin, as well as the distal part of the hindwing are strewn with brown. Sierra Leone.

N. bicincta Hmps. (8 c). The rather small species has only 2 brown transverse stripes through the
forewing, before and behind the centre, but both are very broad, Besides there is yet a dark spot in the
cell. Hindwing with a dark distal half. From the Cape.

ROESELIA; ARCHINOLA; CELAMA. By D. A. Seitz.

G3

2. Genus: Koesella Hbn.

In Vol. II, p. 45, in describing this genus, it was stated that at that time no Roeselia except two
from Madagascar were known from Continental Africa. To the 50 forms of the genus known at that time many
have been added up to this day (quite a number have been newly described in Vol. VI, p. 230 to 239), and
in addition to them there are also 4 African, so that together with the two forms from Madagascar the genus
now consists of 0 Ethiopian species known. The neuration has been dealt with at large in Vol. X, p. 110.

Including a considerable number of species recently described from New Guinea the genus comprises more
than 100 forms to-day. Still the genus is difficult to circumscribe, because its characterization is chiefly foun¬
ded upon the neuration which is frequently of no use as a systematic resource in the Arctiidae, already on
account of the structural anomalies of the wings which are sometimes entirely distorted by scent-organs.

Thus it occurred that specimens of one species ( lugens from Australia) were placed to different genera ( Urdba
Wkr., Coe-sa Wkr.) by the same author, and that even the next author (Felder) who did not recognise the
bisect, established again a new genus ( Toxoloma ). The separation of the Roeselia from the Nola is neither
universally acknowledged (Kirby, Saalmuller uniting both), whereas Hampson separates them, combining
here, partly contrary to his former dispositions, species from the genera Mecjanola, Callinola , Proneca, Evo-
nima, Mimerastria, Cy photo psyche etc.

R. in can a Saalm. (8 c). This rather strong species somewhat recalls a brightly coloured Kola chia, incana.
but the fore wing instead of being chalk-colourd is intensely irrorated with brownish, the median costal-marginal
spot extending farther into the forewing, of the antemedian and postmedian stripes there are distinct traces,
and darker median shadows extend through the brown hindwing. Madagascar.

R. bryophiloides Btlr. (= respersa Saalm.) (8 c) is smaller, greyer, the forewing shows 4 irregularly IryopMloi-
running, nebulous transverse stripes. Madagascar. des'

R. infuscata Hmps. (8d). Size of the preceding, the basal half of the forewing intensely irrorated infuscata.
and smeared over with dark brown; in the whiter distal half only scattered undulate markings are noticeable.

Hindwing of a dull white. Mashona Land.

R. melanostkta Hmps. (8 d). On the chalk-coloured forewing there are 4 complete and 1 incomplete, melanostic-

deeply dentate transverse stripe, in the cell there is a distinct dark punctiform spot. The dark stripe in the ia‘

marginal area encloses a chain of small white spots. Hindwing whitish. East Africa.

R. crefacea Hmps. (8 d). Forewing chalk-coloured, only the antemedian and median, strongly curved cretacea.
transverse streaks are distinct, the anteterminal streak being divided into different parts. Hindwing brown.

Gold Coast.

R. costiplagiata Hmps., from British Central Africa, is not dissimilar to the palearctic albula (Vol. II. costiptagia-

pl. 10 c), but the dark markings are not so distinctly arranged as transverse bands through the wing, but they ia'

are more confined to the costal region; the median stripe only extends to the cell-end, and the apical region
of the - — - the $ is apparently not yet found — is dark.

3. Genus: A rcSiiiiohi Hmps.

This genus is based upon a very small species discovered by Nurse in Aden. Separated from most of
the Roeselia by the entirely stunted proboscis, from the Indian Zia by the longer palpi.

A. pyralidia Hmps. (8 d). Grey, strewn with a darker brown. Only the straight antemedian transverse pyralidia.
line and the postmedian line, which is curved S-like, are distinct. Hindwing pale brownish. South Arabia.

4. Genus: Celania Wkr.

With this genus wre have dealt at large in Vol. II, p. 47, and Vol. VI, p. 239. From Africa about 20
mostly very small forms are known now, some of which are very similar to the Indian species. One of the
species occurring also in the Ethiopian Region, is the very variable C . squalida being distributed over the whole
of the Old World.

C. omphalota Hmps. (8 d) is very small and almost entirely white, only at the base, the centre omphalota.
of the costal margin and at the distal margin slightly brownish. Two rows of nebulous dots denote the
antemedian and postmedian transverse lines. Hindwing in the apical part feebly darkened. Congo, Nigeria.

C. microlopha Hmps. (8 cl) is still smaller and whiter, the forewing only before and behind the centre microlopha.
very feebly tinted yellowish-brown. West Africa (Accra).

64

CELAMA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

sokotrensis.

flaviciliata.

megasema.

/ urvitincia.

phaeocras-

pis.

squalida.

pumila.

melalopha.

concinna.

internella.

melanosce-

lis.

argyropasth

mesonephe-

Ic.

melaleuca.

niphostena.

mcridiona-

lis.

C. sokotrensis Hmps. (8 cl), from the Island of Sokotra, in front of Cape Guardafui, is extraordinarily
small; on the forewing which is very feebly darkened by brownish, the antemedian line is almost rectangularly
broken and the postmedian line is notched.

C. flaviciliata Hmps. (8e) is not larger, but browner than sokotrensis. The broken antemedian line
is only indicated, the sinuate postmedian line is composed of punctiform shadows. Besides the margin is
brown and a brown punctiform is in the cell. Hindwing brownish. Sierra Leone.

C. megasema Hmps. (8 e). Similar to the preceding, only a broad distinct median shadow before
which in the cell-end there is a thick brown punctiform spot in a white halo. Gold Coast.

C. furvitincta Hmps. (8 s) is somewhat larger, the cellular dot is finer, but still very distinct. Between
the cell-end and the margin the forewing is crossed by 2 chains of dots, the proximal one of which is irregular
and interrupted. Sierra Leone.

C. phaeocraspis Hmps. (8e) is much more intensely marked than the preceding; at the base of the
costa and along the margin blackish shadows ; on the forewing an antemedian and a postmedian curved transverse
line, in the cell-end and above it one brown dot each. West Africa (Nigeria) and East Africa.

C. squalida Stgr. (= musculalis Saalm., fraterna Mr., ceylonica Hmps., vanhasseltii Heyl., desmotes
Trnr.) This form being more individually than geographically variable has already been figured in Yol. II,
pi. 10 g and dealt with at large (p. 48). Almost in every country where it was found it has been differently
named. It is one of the smallest species. In the forewing the 3 transverse stripes are mostly broad and distinct,
the proximal one below the cell distally angular, the median one being traversed by light, the distal one generally
composed of punctiform shadows. One of the more common species, distributed over the tropics and the warmer
temperate districts of the Old World. From Southern Spain and Madagascar through India and Australia
to the Pacific Ocean.

C. pumila Snell. (= spreta Btlr., tetrophthalma Meyr., minuta Hmps., hampsoni Ky.) (Yol. X,
pi. 13 g) is allied to squalida, likewise widely distributed in the Indo-Australian Region, touching the Ethiopian
Region in Sokotra. Chiefly distinguished from squalida by the brownish cover on the light places of the fore wing.

C. melalopha Hmps. (Se). Here the forewing is so completely covered by brownish, that an antemedian
and a postmedian curved chain of dots is but feebly discernible; between them there are very dull, hardly
darker nebulous stripes. West Africa (Accra).

C. concinna Hmps. is somewhat larger, the whitish forewing tinted with a reddish brown, the costa
towards the base darker. The transverse lines are undulate, the cellular dot is small. Before the apex a small
costal spot, before the white subterminal line there is a brownish tinge. Otherwise very similar to melalopha.
British Central Africa.

C. internella Wkr. (= pascua Swh., quadrimaculata Heyl.) (Vol. X, pi. 13 b) is more intensely marked
than the preceding; at the costal margin large brown spots from which the transverse stripes proceed. The
white ground-colour only shows through in the basal and central areas above the hind-margin. Hindwing
brown. — The larva is yellow, in front and behind of a bright red, on the centre of the dorsum and on the
sides marked black; it lives in the stalks of Rubus and Duria. Widely distributed from South Africa to South
India and Australia, frequently not rare.

C. melanoscelis Hmps. (8 e), from West and South Africa, only exhibits yet the two large dark brown
costal spots, a small cellular dot and dull antemarginal darker portions.

C. argyropasta Hmps. (8 e). The white forewing is only yet crossed by the median transverse stripe
from before the centre of the costal margin to behind the centre of the hind-margin. A white undulate stripe
extends through the brown marginal band. Hindwing brownish. From the Gold Coast (Bibionaha).

C. mesonephele Hmps. (8 e) is similar to argyropasta and from the same patria, but the median transverse
stripe extends from before the centre of the costal margin through the cell and then proximad, thus contrary
to the preceding. Instead of the postmedian line a row of dots. Larger than argyropasta. Bibionaha.

C. melaleuca Hmps. (8f). Forewing chalky white, very feebly irrorated with grey; the antemedian
line is angular, the median line undulate, and the postmeclian line interrupted; hindwing tinted with a dull
brownish ; dark marginal dots. Uganda. — The habitus and colouring is somewhat similar to that of Nola
fovifera (8 a), but the transverse lines of the forewing run differently.

C. niphostena Hmps. (8 f). Thick dark brown dentate lines through the entirely white forewing proceed
from brown costal-marginal spots. The distal margin and a costal basal spot are likewise dark brown. Natal.

C. meridionals Wallgr. (8f). Forewing uni-coloured chestnut-brown; the distally convex antemedian
line, the slightly curved postmedian line, and an undulate antemarginal nebulous stripe are darker. Hindwing
whitish . Transvaal .

Pull. 27. V. 1926.

LITHOSIINAE; EUGOA; PAREMONIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

05

C. tineoides Wkr. (= partitalis Wkr., caffra Wallgr.) (8f). Small and slim, the wings narrow as Uneoidcs.
in Tinea (from which it has its denomination). Forewing yellowish-grey, only the postmedian line is distinct,
parallel to the margin, oblique and quite straight. Hindwing whitish, at the apex somewhat darkened. South
Africa.

II. Subfamily: Lithosiinae.

What has been said about the Ethiopian Nolinae, almost entirely also holds good with this subfamily. A great number
of species belonging hereto are small and insignificant, being mistaken for microlepidoptera and therefore neglected by ignorant
collectors. Thus we may expect yet a great number of new forms from the central parts of the African Continent, which
have been but little explored so far, and we are hardly able to-day to supply a tolerably complete classification. On the
whole, the subfamily is much more homogeneous than might be supposed on surveying the varied shapes, since many differences
in the shape of the wings or in the neuration are only due to quite secondary modifications often caused by scent-organs.
Nevertheless it is probable that the Lithosiinae contain the phyletically oldest and most original shapes of the whole large
Arctiid family and are to be regarded as the direct descendants from the microlepidoptera.

The Ethiopian Fauna contains still fewer elegant and beautifully coloured forms than the Indian and American Faunae
do. Some genera being also well represented in the Indian Region, such as Asura and Chionaema, exhibit also in the Ethiopian
Region more charming aspects, whereas the American Cisthene, H ypoprepia, or the Indian Scaptesyle, Caprimima do not find
sufficient substitutes in the Ethiopian Fauna; only the genus Anaphosia shows a number of more variegated species.

As to the habits of the African Lithosiinae, very little has been hitherto known, but nothing makes us infer that there
is a difference of the Ethiopian Lithosiinae from those of the other faunae.

1. Genus: Dhig'oa Wkr.

As to the characterization of this genus cf. Vol. II, p. 51. - — In addition to the statement in Vol. X,
p. 121, that beside the few palearctic species this genus is Indo- Australian except 1 species from the Cape
Colony, we note to-day that, in the meantime, a few more Ethiopian species (from West Africa) have become
known. Also from the Indian Region some more species have been described since Vol. X was published, so
that the genus, according to the latest catalogue (1922), comprises altogether 35 species. — The Eugoa are
chiefly found on savanna-like grassy plains, where they rest on blades with their wings closed like a gabled roof.

E. africana Hmps. (8 f), from Grahamstown (Cape Colony), is uni-coloured light yolk-coloured; across africana.
the forewing oblique rows of black dots sometimes flown together to streaks; one or two dots also in the cell.

E. gemina Hmps. (8 f), from the Gold Coast, has an expanse of only 14 mm, being the smallest species gemma.
of the genus. Eorewing yolk-coloured, in the disc whitish, with a fine double cell-end dot and a transverse
row of very fine dots in the marginal area. Hindwing yellowish- white.

E. tropicalis Holl. being unknown to me is doubtfully placed to this genus. Forewing wood-coloured tropiealis.
grey, towards the base clouded with blackish, the feeble antemedian line is dull and curved, behind it across
the cell-end a dark transverse shadow in which there is a large white discal dot centred with black. Behind
it a black, dull, curved transverse line proximally bordered with light grey; an antemarginal angular line being
dentately produced behind the cell. Hindwing whitish, towards the margin darkened by brick-colour. Expanse
of wings: 20 mm. From West Africa.

E. costiplaga Holl. <$. Forewing wood-coloured brown, the darkest at the base; at the centre of the costiplaga.
costa an almost triangular white spot. A feeble curved submedian line ; discal dot indistinct. Body and hindwing
brick-coloured. Under surface of a light lustrous brick-colour. Expanse of wings: 15 mm. West Africa. —

This species and the preceding tropicalis being unknown to me, are doubtfully placed to this genus.

2. Genus: Paremoiiia Hmps.

Only 2 African, very small species. Proboscis present, but small. Palpi thin, bent upwards before the
face; $ antenna bipectinate, towards the apex serrate. Forewing oval with a very much curved costal margin
and hind-margin. The 1st subcostal branch of the forewing rises directly behind the centre of the cell and
accompanies the costal vein for a short distance. The 2nd subcostal branch rises shortly before the upper cell-
angle, the 3rd and 4th rising from the upper cell-angle, but terminating into the distal margin, not as in Hemonia
where they go yet into the costal margin.

P. argentata Hmps. is light yellow; 3 brown and silvery oblique bands extend near the base of the argentaia.
forewing, then from the centre of the costa to the tornus, and thirdly before the apex. Hindwing light
yellow. Expanse 20 mm. Bibianaha on the Gold Coast.

P. luteicincta Holl. (8 f). Forewing suffused with purple brown, costal margin and distal margin orange; luteicincta.
in the cell of the forewing a small orange diffuse spot, in front and behind bordered with dark. Very small.

From Ogowe in West Africa.

XIV

9

minuta.

bijuga.

marmorea.

placida.

parvula.

punctata.

asuraefor-
mis .

m- nigrum.

pluripunc-

tata.

bipuncta.

unicolor.

imminuta.

ferruginea.

66 NUDARIA; PAUROPHLEPS ; PHILENORA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

(Genus: Xudaria Hew.)

Pagenstecher mentions from this genus two African species as „Nudaria spec.“ without denominating or sufficiently
characterizing them. The specimens that were before him originated from Quilimana in East Africa, for which reason Strand
proposes the names N. quilimanensis and quilimanicola. But it is rather improbable that the genus Nudarici is represented at
all in Africa. The insects are unknown to me.

3. Genus: Paurophleps Hmps.

Only 1 very small yellow species without proboscis and palpi. Neuration very simple, subcostal vein
with 3 branches. Antennae of with strongly defined joints, uniformly clad with short and dense hair. Hind
tibiae only with terminal spurs. •

P. minuta Hmps. is almost exactly like Philenora bijuga (8 g), but only about half its size. Dark
yolk-coloured. Forewing with 2 fine black dots in the centre of the cell and at its end. $ unknown. Cape
Colony.

4. Genus: Philenora Rosenst.

We have already stated in Vol. X, where the genus is described (p. 133), that this genus is confined
to the Indo-Australian and Ethiopian Regions. Most of the species are Papuan or Madagascan. By the recent
exploration of New Guinea some more forms of the genus have been discovered, so that there are 18 Indo-
Australian forms known to-day, all of which are from New Guinea and Australia except one penetrating to
Siam and Formosa. To-day also several species are placed hereto, that had been inserted in other genera
by their authors, such as aroa B.-Balc. ( Schistophleps ), aspectalella Wkr. ( Padenia , sometimes misprinted as
aspectella or aspectatella) and others,

Ph. bijuga Mab. (8 g) was hitherto only found in Madagascar. Quite similar to a very large specimen
of the preceding Paurophleps minuta.

Ph. marmorea Btlr. (8 g). White, forewing in the basal third except the hindmarginal part, and an
oval spot at the posterior angle brown ; a brown arcuate stripe from the costa to the centre of the distal margin.
Betsileo (Madagascar).

Ph. placida Btlr. (8 g). Dark yellow, behind the basal fourth of the forewing a somewhat oblicpie trans¬
verse stripe, a postmedian S-shaped stripe, and in the marginal area a transverse shadow forming two bows.
Betsileo.

Ph. parvula Btlr. ( 8 g). Wings more elongate than in the preceding. Colouring greyish-brown; in the
basal part of the forewing a white looped stripe ; behind the centre an angular, and before the margin a curved,
proximally dark-shaded, light transverse stripe; behind the cell-end a blackish dot. Hindwing dingy white.
Betsileo.

Ph. punctata Hmps. (8 g) is much larger, the forewing intensely dotted blackish on a pale yolk-coloured
ground, almost as in a Siccia, hindwing with a dot above at the cell-end. Madagascar.

Ph. asuraeformis Strd. Expanse of wings: 16% mm. Similar to an Asura, with darker forewings and
paler straw-coloured hindwings; forewing with a shortened subbasal violettish-brown band bifurcating right
behind the centre towards the costa; from this band a longitudinal stripe extends towards the margin. Lindi
(East Africa).

Ph. m-nigrum Mab. (8 g). Only the $ is known; on the honey • — • coloured ground of the forewing there
are some scattered subbasal dots and an angular postmedian stripe passing behind the cell-end dot, as well
as dark marginal dots. Madagascar.

Ph. pluripunctata Mab. Described according to a $ (in the Paris Museum) discovered in the Bay of
Antongil (Madagascar) by Mac Querys. Size of Ph. bijuga (8 g). Forewing in the submedian area tinted with
a yellowish red, at the hind-margin paler, above it before the centre a black dot. In the centre of the cell
and at its end also a dot; of the angular postmedian stripe of m-nigrum there are only punctiform traces left.
Hindwing dingy white, with a brown dot at the cell-end.

Ph. bipuncta Hmps. (8 h). Dirty brown, on the forewing a basal ray below the costal margin and some
small dots in and behind the cell are black. Madagascar, also found in Cape Colony.

Ph. unicolor Hpfjr. This very variable species is widely distributed in the Ethiopian Region, across the
whole of South and East xAfrica as far as Somali Land and Madagascar. Typical specimens are very similar
to Ph. bijuga (8 g), but exhibit a more orange ground-colour. - — - imminuta Saalm. (8 h), exhibiting some more
dark dots on the forewings than typical specimens, comes from Madagascar. — - ferruginea Btlr., from Mozam¬
bique, is more rust-coloured; across the forewing beneath a small band extends, being scarcely visible above.

COM ACL A; CHRYSOCYMA; ANEMOSIA; NOLOSIA; EURYZONOSIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

07

- — From this form another Madagascan form is separated as malagassa Strd. Smaller, wings of a more reddish malagassa.
tint, marked more black, with larger cell-end spots and distinct punctiform spots near the base and above the
hind-margin. — quadripunctafa Wkr. exhibits beside the two dots in the cell of the forewing only yet two black quadripunc-
dots, whereas quinquepunctata Wkr. (described as Macrocraspedum) has three black dots which are also larger. ^ n!"'"'
— somalilensis Strd. (= ab. 3 Hmps.), the northernmost form, has black fringes of the wings. — nyassa Strd. Vunctata.
(= subterminalipicta Strd.) is presumably very near to the form ferruginea Btlr. ; distinguished by a dark marginal somaUlen-
band being 2 mm broad at the costa and ending taperingly at the anal angle. From Nyassa Land. nyassa

Ph. disticha Hmps. (8g) is recognisable by the dingy white tinge of the forewing turning darker at disticha.
the base and marginal area ; the latter is traversed by the lighter veins. Beside the two brown dots in the centre
and at the cell-end there is a postmedian line being bent below the costa. Hindwing brown. From the Gold
Coast.

5. Genus: Comacla WJcr.

This genus forming the transition from the Nudaria to the Siccia- group has been dealt with at large
in Vol. II, p. 52, and Vol. VI, p. 276. Excepting one West African species, juvenis, all the others occur on the
northern hemisphere, in the palearctic and nearctic regions.

C. Juvenis Holl. (8 h), from Ogowe, has the size of the European C. senex (Vol. II, pi. 11 b); it is also juvenis.
similar to it in the shape and colouring, but the apex of the forewing is somewhat more pointed, and the forewing
is much lighter in the marginal area; the wings are neither so transparent as in senex.

6. Genus: Clirysocyma Hmps.

Separated from the preceding genus by the very much broader wings and the longer antennal pinnae.

The hair of the palpi are also denser and longer than in the Comacla , being more closely allied to the bare Nudaria-
group.

The only species is

Ch. mesopotamia Hmps. (8 h). Orange, forewing traversed by diverse light undulate transverse mesopota-
lines. Zanzibar and Mashona Land.

7. Genus: Aneinosfa Hmps.

This genus was based upon 2 S3 °f a species collected by Neave on Mt. Mlanje in East Africa. Proboscis
present, palpi thin, bent upwards before the face, 3 antennae ciliated, tibiae with long spurs. Costa of forewing
in the basal and apical parts curved; distal margin oblicpie, curved. Vein 2 from the centre of the cell, oblique;

3 rises considerably before the cell-end, 4 and 5 from the cell-angle; 6 from the upper cell-angle; 7, 8, 9 forked,

10 and 11 from the cell. On the hindwing 3 anastomoses with 4; 5 rises near the centre of the cross- vein;

6 and 7 on a long fork; 8 from the centre of the cell.

A. albi'da Hmps. has an expanse of 16 mm. White, with a reddish-brown tinge; forewing with a albida.
black base of the costal margin, hindwing with a small dull brownish spot on the cross-vein; a dark marginal
band extends from the apex to the centre of the distal margin; the rest of the distal margin, the hind-margin
and the fringes are slightly tinted red-brown. Forewing beneath dark brown, in the disc whitish, marginal
area whitish, with a red-brown tinge. British East Africa.

8. Genus: lAolosia Hmps.

Only 1 species. Proboscis absent, palpi also almost entirely stunted. Antennal pinnae in the S almost
to the apex long. In the forewing the 2nd to 5th subcostal branches rise on a joint stalk, and the two lower radials,
too.

N. marmorata Hmps. in the size and habitus is somewhat like Philenora marmorea (8 g), but it marmorata.
is greyer, the ground-colour being more silvery white, in the distal half of the forewing several complete trans¬
verse stripes being angular below the costal margin, the dark spot in the basal half of the fore wing cloudy,
more hazy. Hindwing of a very light yellowish tinge. From Betsileo (Madagascar).

9. Genus: Kuryzonosla Hmps.

8ize and shape of Chrysocyma, but antennae with much shorter pectinations, proboscis well deve¬
loped; in the fore wing all the subcostal branches are separate, only 3 and 4 having a joint stalk (though

fulvinigra.

atricincta.

nubica.

'punctata.

stictica.

conformis.

microsticta.

gypsia.

68 CINCIANA; PALAEOSICCIA; SICCIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

one specimen is known of fulvonigra in which, but only on the left side, 3 subcostal branches have a
joint stalk).

E. fulvinigra Hmps. (8 h) is thinly scaled, pale orange, the distal parts of all the wings as far as the
cell-end broad blackish-brown. British East and Central Africa.

E. atricincta Hmps. is cprite similar, slightly larger, the dark distal band is broad at the costa of the
forewing, but it narrows down towards the hind-margin. Expanse of wings: 22 to 24 mm. British East Africa.

10. Genus: Ouciana Strd.

Allied with Cincia, Diduga, or Pasteosia. Proboscis present. Palpi long, thin. In the forewing vein 2
rises far from the cell-angle, 3 also far from it, 4, 5 from the lower, 6 from the upper cell-angle, from which
also the stalk of 7, 8, 9 rises. In the hindwing 2 rises yet before the cell-angle, 3 is forked with 4, 5 being absent,
6 and 7 from the anterior cell-angle, 8 from the centre of the anterior cell-wall. Hind tibiae with 4 spurs.
Only 1 species.

C. nubica Strd. (8 i). Forewing ochreous-yellow, feebly tinged brownish, with 3 oblique, thin, indistinct
transverse bands beginning parallel to each other below the costa (which they do not reach) and extending
to the hind-margin. Hindwing diaphanous white, towards the margin yellowish. Expanse of wings: 24 mm.
Nubia.

11. Genus: I*alaeosiccia Hmps.

Evidently closely allied to Philenora, but separated by the entirely stunted proboscis and the correspon¬
dingly badly developed palpi which hardly project in front. The antennae, however, show long pinnnae, and
between the costal vein and the upper cell-wall there exists an anastomosis, the 1st subcostal branch touching
the costal vein, but soon leaving it again, in order to terminate into the costal margin rather far before the
apex. But 1 species.

P. punctata Hmps. Size and shape as in Philenora m-nigrum (8 g), but of a white ground-colour, very
feebly tinted yellowish, and instead of the dark transverse lines there are here only rows of dots, but an undulate
nebulous stripe extends round the cell-end of the forewing, and is continued in short dents towards the centre
of the hind-margin. Sierra Leone.

12. Genus: Sieeia WJcr.

This genus is almost entirely Ethiopian and Indo- Australian. It has already been briefly characterized
in Vol. II, p. 52, in dealing with the (9) palearctic forms, the neuration having been decribed in Vol. X, p. 162.
Hereto belong the Melania Wallgr.; besides, the representatives of the groups of Panassa Wkr. (= Auto-
ceras Fldr.) and Aemene Wkr. are united with them. To the Ethiopian Fauna belong 13 forms; some more
may be expected yet. Kirby and Strand include besides the ,,Lithosia pustulata “ Wallgr. from the Cape of
Good Hope, and Pagenstecher briefly mentions yet an , .Aemene specP from Quilimana (East Africa) (= qui-
limania Strd.). The type is S. cafjra.

Division A: Antennae plainly ciliated.

S. stictica Hmps. (8 h). Dull pale yellowish-brown. Forewing with traces of dots and of a curved
postmedian transverse shadow. Hindwing almost white. Gold Coast.

S. conformis Hmps. (8 h) is somewhat smaller than stictica, with less yellow tinted forewings, the
dots very much increased, particularly at the costal margin. Before the proximal angle the hindmarginal area
is crossed by 2 small parallel spots. Nigeria and East Africa.

Division B: Antennae with lateral tufts of bristles {Aemene).

S. microsticta Hmps. (8 i). Shape almost that of stictica, but still smaller, ground-colour of forewing
chalky white, costal margin near the base blackish, on the forewing a few very fine, small scattered dots. Gold
Coast.

S. gypsia Hmps. resembles microsticta, but it is somewhat larger with broader wings. Forewings also
chalky white, but with more distinct black dots, particularly those in the cell thick and round; distinct are
also those before and below the apex and above the tornus at the margin. Gold Coast.

S. cretata Hmps. (8 i) is quite similarly coloured as the two preceding species, but still larger than
gypsia, with more dark dots, those in the disc being also distinct and margined. Sierra Leone.

cretata.

MAHENSIA; CLEMENSIA; PARASICCIA; PARADOXOSIA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 69

S. pallens Hmps., from Uganda, has the size and shape of microsticta (8 i), but the ground-colour of pallens.
the forewing is feebly tinted reddish-brown.

S. paucipunctata Hmps. is still much smaller than the others, and the ground-colour of the forewing paucipunc-
is still more intensely suffused with red-brown. The number of the more distinct dark dots in the forewing is
diminished, and the hindwing is grey, slightly brownish. Sierra Leone.

Division C : Antennae plain but with rather long pinnae.

S. caffra Wkr. (= punctigera Fldr., nigropunctata Wallgr.) (8 i). Very similar to cretata, but in the cajjra.
hindmarginal area of the forewing somewhat less dotted. The ^ is of a dull grey ground-colour. South
Africa, to the north as far as Natal.

S. punctipennis Wallgr. (= nigropunctana Saahn.) (8 i). Dull whitish-grey, with 6 transverse rows of punctipen -
dots on the forewing, the distal ones forming double bows. Hindwing and abdomen grey. Madagascar.

S. atriguttata Hmps. (8 i) is extraordinarily similar to conformis (8 h), but much larger and with a more atriguttata.
coherent postmedian line of the fore wing. Angola.

S. melanospila Hmps. ( 8 i) exactly resembles cretata, but the ground-colour is of a smoky grey tint, melanospi-
not white. British East Africa. The species very much resembles the smoky grey $ of caffra , but the black
dots in the hindmarginal part of the forewing are more distinct.

13. Genus : Mahensia Fryer.

The only species known was discovered in the Seychelle Is. It is near the Siccia, but the <$ shows
on both wings the cell-end portion filled up with an oval androconial pad.

M. seychellarum Fryer (8 k). Size of cretata, but with larger, scantier, not so distinct black dots on seychella-
the forewing, the ground-colour being grey, not white. Hindwing of a lustrous reddish brown, with a reddish-
yellow androconial spot.

14. Genus: Oenieiisia Pack.

This genus represents the palearctic Siccia in America, and it is therefore rather improbable that the
species plumicornis (described as Coracia) from Madagascar is correctly inserted here, though of course it is
not impossible, since also the Madagascan Chrysiridia ripheus has rather close allies (genus Urania) in South
America. The species ranged here is distinguished by the peculiar antennae from all the other Clemensia as
much as from the Siccia. They do not only exhibit uncommonly long pinnae, but the single branches are
also towards the end strongly curved. The marking is also quite uncommon to the genus Clemensia.

C. plumicornis Btlr. (8 k). $. Forewing silvery grey with a white antemedian transverse band. Bet- plumicor-
sileo (Madagascar).

15. Genus: Parasiecia Hmps.

As to this genus comprising to-day 15 eastern palearctic i. e. Indian forms, we refer to Vol. II, p. 53,
and Vol. 10, p. 163. But one species occurs in Madagascar which is closely connected with the Indian Fauna.

P. ochrorubens Mob. S flesh-coloured, forewing strewn with very few black scales; an indistinct light ochroru-
curved antemedian line, a similar postmedian line being oblique, in the discal half angular, then obliquely
proximad. Between and behind these lines there is a very dull brownish tinge ; below the apex some dark
marginal dots. Expanse of wings: 22 mm. Madagascar.

16. Genus: I*aradoxosia Hmps.

Proboscis developed; palpi bent upwards, 2nd joint extending almost to the centre of the frons, and
feebly haired, last joint thickly scaled. Frons smooth. Eyes large, round; <$ antennae ciliated. Hind tibiae
with 2 pair of spurs. Apex of forewing rounded, distal margin uniformly bent. Veins 3 and 5 from near the
cell-angle, 6 from right below the upper cell-angle, 7, 8, 9 forked. 7 from before 9; 10 and 11 almost from
the same place. In the hindwing 3 and 4 rise from the cell-angle; 5 from right above the angle; 6 and 7 from
the upper angle; 7 is very much up-curved, almost vertical to its rise; 8 from near the centre of the cell
and strongly curved. In the $ the costa is strongly lobate except in the basal part. - — Separated from
Idopterum by 6 and 7 in the hindwing rising from the cell.

70

MICROHYLE; LEXIS; MILTOCHRISTA; LYMANTRIOPSIS ; ASURA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

rufipes.

fadella.

bipunctige-

ra.

rivulosa.

thomensis.

lacteata.

obsolescens.

neavei.

craigi

prythrigs.

P. rufipes Hmps. <+ Expanse 28 mm. Head, tegulae, and prothorax reddish-yellow, rest of body red-
brown. Palpi and chest orange. Fore wing greyish-brown, feebly tinted reddish; a small round black discal
spot. Hindwing greyish-brown, apical area as far as vein 3 reddish-yellow. Beneath the forewing is greyish-
brown with a whitish proximal area; hindwing whitish, the costal area tinted reddish-yellow. Uganda.

17. Genus: Microliyle Hmps.

This genus only contains one very small species from Madagascar, its type being in the Coll. Mabille.
Separated from the genus Paidia (Vol. II, p. 57, pi. 11 f), which the insect, however, neither resembles in
any other way, by vein 10 being forked with 7 + 8.

M. fadella Mab. (8 k). Forewing ochreous- white, tinted orange. Basal part, a postmedian transverse
band, and the distal margin are dark brown. Hindwing of a bright orange. Madagascar.

18. Genus: I^exis Wallgr.

To this genus which formerly comprised many species only 1 species is reckoned to-day.

L. bipunctigera Wallgr. (= rubriceps Rghf.( (8 k). Orange, forewing with an oblique black spot in the
cell-end and in the submedian area. Hindwing lighter yellow. British East Africa.

19. Genus: Miltochrista Hbn.

Of the almost 100 forms of this genus, nearly all of which inhabit South Asia, only 2 are apparently
ascertained in Africa. As to the genus itself cf. Vol. II, p. 54, and Vol. X, p. 134.

M. rivulosa Wkr. (8k), from Natal, is a small orange-coloured insect; on the forewing 2 irregular
zigzag-lines, between and around them small black dots.

M. thomensis Rothsch. (8 k). On the pale orange ground of the forewing there are 3 transverse bands
of a darker yellow. Isle of Sao Thome.

Note: Sarapus bicolor Wkr. , described from the Cape of Good Hope, is an undefinable species of Walker. The
type is lost.

20. Genus: layman triopsfs Hmps.

This genus was established for a single species described by Holland as Nudaria. Proboscis stunted,
palpi correspondingly small, porrect. Tibiae densely haired. In the forewing no anastomoses, the three-branched
subcostal rises shortly before the upper cell-angle, the three radials rising separately. The very small imago
by no means resembles a Lymantria.

L. lacteata Holl. (8 k). White with few oblique brownish nebulous stripes and some small dots between
them, Ogowe in West Africa,

21. Genus: Asura Wkr.

A gigantic genus of almost 200 forms known, of which, however, scarcely I dozen have been found
in Africa. The Asura likewise penetrate into the palearctic region with but very few forms at its south-eastern
frontier, whereas in the Indian Region they are very numerous (cf. Vol. X, p. 142 — 155). As to the genus and
its relations to the Miltochrista we refer to the volume cited.

A. obsolescens Hmps. (8 1) is very similar to Miltochrista thomensis (8 k), larger, paler, the yellow
transverse bands in the forewing are duller, but increased. Uganda.

A. neavei Hmps. (8 1). Like the other African Asura it resembles more Miltochrista rivulosa (8 k).
Only in the basal part of the forewing there are yet 2 more dentate transverse stripes. A very small species.
Uganda.

A. craigi Holl. (81) is but slightly larger than neavei ; similar but in the basal part of the forewing
the transverse dentate lines are partly broken up into dots. Togo, Cameroon.

A. erythrias Holl. (81). Hardly smaller than the preceding species, marking also similar but the
forewing more tinged with a red orange colour, West Africa.

XANTHETIS; THUMATHA; OPSAROA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

A. fulvia Hmps. (8 1) is somewhat larger, like the preceding species yolk-coloured, but in the costal julvia.
part of the forewing and in the apical part of the hindwing it is tinged reddish. In the forewing an antemedian
row of dots, in the centre a nebulous stripe, and a postmedian dentate stripe are dark; between them
scattered dots. Natal.

A. obliterata Wkr. (= indecisa Wkr., rufostria Plotz, crenulata B.-Bak., xantha B.-Bak.) (8 1) has instead obliterate.
of the fine transverse lines thicker but more red-brown transverse stripes: 2 in the basal part of the forewing,

1 deeply dentate stripe in the centre, 1 irregular antemarginal stripe. - — The form hieroglyphica B.-Bak. (= gabu-
nica Holl.) differs in the veins. West Africa.

A. pectinella Strd. (= pectinata Hmps.) (8 m). Forewing and hindwing deep dark yellow ; in the forewing peciinella.
the transverse stripes entirely disappear towards the hind-margin or become quite indistinct. West Africa.

A. atricraspeda Hmps. (8 m). In this very small imago the antemedian and the median dentate bands atricraspe-

of the forewing are contiguous and the two postmedian ones likewise touch each other several times, whereby
islands of the deep yolk-coloured ground-colour are produced. West Africa.

A. sagenaria Wallgr. (= natalensis Wkr.) (8 m) is much larger than the preceding ones (expanse of sagenaria.
$ more than 30 mm). The antemedian line touches the median line on the median vein; the two distal dentate
lines are contiguous. From German East Africa to the south as far as Cape Colony.

A. hyporhoda H?nps. (8 m) is smaller and paler yolk-coloured than the preceding species. The ante- hyporhoda.

median and median transverse lines as in sagenaria , but in the distal area only a slightly dentate dark transverse
stripe, behind it a black subapical dot. Hindwing whitish. Sierra Leone.

A. numida Holl. (8 m) is larger; body and wings white, forewing in the disc suffused with a purple numida.
pink. The dentate stripes are scanty, partly broken up into small spots. West Africa.

A. Clara Holl. Light cream-coloured; in the forewing a small black basal dot, a series of 3 dots near elara.
the base ; a pale brown median dentate transverse line and a somewhat broader, very irregular distal one behind
the cell-end, and a series of blackish marginal spots. Expanse of wings: 10 mm. West Africa.

22. Genus: Xantlietls Hmps.

This genus is described in Vol. X, where the diagnose is found on p. 159. In addition to luzonica figured
there (pi. 17 c), there occur also 2 African species.

X. ichorina Btlr. (8 m). The pale yellow forewing is distally intensely tinted red, as in many species ichorina.
of the genus Miltochrista. In the forewing dull dots are arranged in transverse chains. Hindwing dull whitish,
at the costa and apex tinted red. Natal.

X. spurrelli Hmps. Of the same size as ichorina, but of a pale yellow colour; the darker transverse spurrelli.
chains are increased, but often broken up into small diffuse patches, spots, and dots, and not so distinctly separated
but more confused. Gold Coast.

23. Genus: Tliiiniatha Wkr.

As to the genus cf. Vol. X, p. 159. The species treated there:

Th. fuscescens Wkr. (= infantula Saalm., rava Luc.) (Vol. X, pi. 17 c) is one of the smallest Lithosiidae, fuscescens.
with an expanse of 16 mm, pale yolk-coloured forewings and bone-white hindwings; widely distributed over South
India, Ceylon, and Australia, from there over Madagascar to West Africa.

Th. inconstans Btlr. (8 m). Orange, body black with some yellow hairing and an orange-yellow anal inconstans.
tuft. Forewing orange, at the base darkened, the costal margin, hind-margin and distal margin as well as a
discal spot being black; hindwing with a dark discal dot. — In ab. delimbatula Strd. (= ab. 1 Hmps.) the forewing delimbatu-
lacks the black marginal band; — ■ in limbatula Strd. also the hindwing shows a dark distal band, but no distinct .
central spot. Nyassa Land.

24. Genus: Opsaroa Hmps.

Easily discernible from the preceding genus by the $ exhibiting very long pinnate antennae and very
broad hindwings. Proboscis absent. Anterior tibiae with an appendage at the base, being much longer than the
tibia itself. But 1 species:

0. fulvinota Hmps. Expanse: 22 to 24 mm. Forewing greyish-brown, with a yellowish-red discal fulvinota.
spot in which there is a black cell-end dot; also in the submedian area there is a yellowish-red longitudinal
patch. Hindwing orange with a broad brown margin; the end of the abdomen is also yellow. Cape Colony.

72

EUROSIA; CHIONAEMA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

lineata.

fuliginea.

trigutta.

marshalH.

rhodostria-

ta.

rufifrons.

capensis.

basisticta.

rubritermi-

na.

rubritermi-

nalis.

rubristriga.

ugandana.

pretoriae.

delicata.

togoana.

amatura.

25. Genus: £nrosia limps.

This chiefly Indian genus has been described in Yol. X, p. 166; it has also two Ethiopian species:

E. lineata Hmps. (9 a). Forewing white with a dark, light-crossed transverse band through the middle;
behind the base and before the margin an angular transverse line. From the Cape of Good Hope.

E. fuliginea Hmps. (9 a) is very dissimilar to lineata-, forewing dark brown with a light cell-end dot.
Hindwing black with a white basal spot. South Africa.

26. Genus: C'hionaema H.-Schdff. (Bizone Whr.).

In Vol. II, on pi. 12, and Vol. X, pi. 16, such a great number of species of this genus are figured that
a glance at them gives us a good idea of the genus. We at once notice the predominance of 2 red transverse
lines through the white forewing, being the typical marking. ■ — To the description of the genus in Vol. II, p. 61,
we have only to add that the number of forms known, which at that time had been estimated at about 80, has
been almost doubled (140) within the last 15 years, about 100 of which are Indo- Australian and described in
Vol. X, p. 168 to 175. - — Most of the African species are inferior to their Indian allies and, compared e. g. with
Ch. bellissima (Vol. II, p. 12 b), they look insignificant and wretched.

Ch. trigutta Wkr. (= atrigutta Wkr.) (9 a) is extremely similar to the Sunda-species infantula

(Vol. X, pi. 161), but in the apex of the forewing there are mostly yet traces of red; otherwise all white

with a black dot at the cell-end and another in the centre of the cell. — Larva according to Aurivilliiis set
with bristly tubercles. Widely distributed in Tropical Africa. On this species the genus Isine Wkr. has been
based.

Ch. marshalli Hmps. (9 a) is somewhat larger, the forewing at the margin bordered with dark. In

the costal area, in the centre and at the end of the cell there are heaps of dots being joined to chains. Also at

the base and hind-margin as well as before the margin there are black dots. Natal.

Ch. rhodostriata Hmps. (9 a) is marked like marshalli, but much larger; in the costal area of the forewing
red colour is interspersed. Natal.

Ch. rufifrons Rothsch. (9 a). Like rhodostriata, smaller, quite snow-white except the hemochrome
frons and a costal streak as far as behind the centre of the costa. Isle of Sao Thome.

Ch. capensis Hmps. (9 b). Across the white forewing 3 fine black, somewhat oblique lines bordered
with red. Cape Colony.

Ch. basisticta Hmps. (9 b). Across the forewing 2 honey-coloured, somewhat curved transverse lines;
yellow traces at the base and apex; 3 small, feeble dark dots near the base, in the centre of the cell and
near its end. Aburi on the Gold Coast.

Ch. rubritermina B.-Bak. (9 b) is smaller than basisticta-, 2 red transverse lines, the distal one of which
surrounds the cell-end dot; a small black spot at % of the costal margin. Besides a red marginal line. - — In
rubriterminalis Strd. the two red lines do not reach to the costal margin. West Africa.

9

Ch. rubristriga Holl. (9 b) is very much like the preceding, but the two red transverse lines are very
oblique and scarcely bent. Ogowe (West Africa).

Ch. ugandana Strd. approximates rubristriga. White, forewing with a red subbasal spot; behind it
a small black spot. Between the 2 red transverse lines 2 black dots, the distal one of which is transverse and
situate on the cross-vein. At the apex of the wing 3 small brown marginal spots. Expanse of wings: 22% mm.
Uganda.

Ch. pretoriae Dist. (9 b) is twice as large as the preceding ones, but marked almost exactly like rubri¬
striga-, the 2 red transverse lines of the forewing are somewhat steeper. South Africa. — This form may perhaps
be only a representative of delicata Wkr., from West Africa, which is only distinguished by lighter red transverse
lines, the body marked with brown (rubbed off?), and some yellowish red in the base and before the apex
of the forewing. - — delicata would then be the form described first.

Ch. togoana Strd. (9 c) is likewise similar to pretoriae, but the red transverse lines are closer together,
bordered with dark and close at them black dots. Bismarcksburg in Togo.

Ch. amatura Wkr. (= hova Gn.) (9 c) is much smaller than togoana-, the 2 transverse lines are of a very
bright hemochrome, the antemedian line rather vertical. Apical third of costa red; an antemarginal row of
red dots. Madagascar.

Pull. 8. VI. 1926.

EUPROCTOSIA; MANOBA; APOTHOSIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

73

Ch. saalmiilleri Btlr. (9 c) is marked almost exactly like delicata, but much larger; one of the largest saalmulkn.
Chionaema, with an expanse of 50 mm. Madagascar.

Ch. africana Holl. (= porrima Holl.) (9 b). Easily recognizable by the transverse lines being dark africana.
brown instead of light red; between them in the cell 2 dots. Ogowe River in West Africa.

Ch. loloana Strd. is as small as africana (18 to 22 mm), otherwise similar to trigutta (9 a), but the loloana.

forewing exhibits two rather indistinct orange-red, somewhat zigzag-shaped transverse lines which are thickened

and yellow coloured at the costal margin. The lines almost touch the black dots. From Lolodorf in Cameroon.

Ch. grandis Mab. (9 c). As the name says, a very large species (45 to 48 mm). Marking similar to grandis.
bellissima (Vol. II, pi. 12 b), but the transverse lines pale honey-coloured instead of red, the body also marked
with pale honey-coloirr. Madagascar.

Ch. torrida Holl. (9 d). Forewing with yellow, somewhat dull transverse stiipes; the antemedian torrida.

one only extending through the submedian area, the postmedian one being curved. At once recognizable by

the dark brown hindwings. Bonita (West Africa).

Ch. rejecta Wlcr. (= bipunctigera Wallgr.) (8 1) is quite differently coloured from all the other species; rejecia.
wings uni-coloured orange-yellow, 2 black dots in the centre and at the end of the cell of the forewing. West
and South Africa.

27. Genus: Euproctosia Hmps.

This genus was based upon a very small species from the Gold Coast. Quite similar to the Chionaema-,
on the forewing the 1st subcostal branch for some distance rises together with the costal vein which it leaves
again, terminating separately into the costal margin. The hair-lock in the costal region being present in so
many <$($ of Chionaema , is absent here.

E. cretata Hmps., from the Gold Coast, is very small (10 to 20 mm). Forewing ochreous whitish, cretata.
strewn with brown. Base of wing and two irregular dentate nebulous bands in the forewing brown, at the cell-end
3 dark brown punctiform spots. Hindwing chalky white without markings. Bibianaha (Gold Coast).

28. Genus: Mauoba Wkr.

This genus being otherwise listed by the prior name Stictane only occurs in Africa and New Guinea
from which island, however, 8 species were described. The like those of the preceding genus, have no hair-
lock on the forewing, nor any other androconia. Antennae rather strongly pinnate. As to further particulars,
cf. Vol. X, p. 195. The species belong to the smallest macrolepidoptera known.

M. progonia Hmps. (9 d) is not dissimilar to Chionaema marshalli (9 a), but smaller, with less distinct progonia.
and dark spots; the brown nebulous spots are only distinct at the costal margin. Kikuyu in East Africa.

M. apicalis Hmps. (9 d). Expanse of wings only 14 mm. Distal margin of forewing broadly blackish- apicalis.
brown; also over the distal half of the hind-margin grey shadows. Tropical West Africa.

M. atripuncta Hmps. (9 d) is just as small, but the forewing is dark yellowish with few small dark alripuncia.
dots and 2 small costal spots; hindwing dark nut-brown, with stripe-shaped lighter areas and yellow- fringe.

West Africa.

M. geminata Mab. Still smaller (expanse of wings: 12 mm), otherwise almost the same as atripuncta geminata.
(9 d), easily discernible by the very long antennal pinnae of the <$. Madagascar.

29. Genus: Apothosia Hmps.

In the neuration somewhat similar to Syntomimorpha caerulescens (Vol. X, pi. 15 k) from Celebes,
but with a very small accessory cell in the forewing; in the hindwing vein 3 is forked with 4. Colouring quite
different. Proboscis developed, antennae ciliated, hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Forewing with a rounded
apex; vein 3 and 5 rise near the lower cell-angle, 6 from the upper one, 9 and 10 anastomose, thus forming
the very small areola; 11 separate. In the hindwing 5 rises directly above the cell-angle, 6 and 7 from its upper
angle, 8 touches the iqiper cell-wall near its centre. Only one species discovered by Neave in the Shire Valley
in British Central Africa.

A. conformis Hmps. Described according to a single $. Body above ochreous yellow, forewing light cmformis.
grey, the costal-marginal area ochreous-yellow, hind-margin towards the base tinted with ochreous. Fringes light
ochreous, hindwing pale ochreous. Forewing beneath dark brown with yellow margins.

XIV

10

74

ANAPHOSIA; CARCINOPODIA; ONYCHIPODIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

parallela.

cistrigata.

cyanogram¬

ma.

aurantiaca.

pectinata.

mirabilis.

eurygrapha.

furcifascia¬

ta.

schoutedeni.

argentata.

nigricostata.

straminea.

flavithorax.

30. Genus: Anaphosia Hmps.

This purely African genus contains the most beautiful forms found amongst the Ethiopian Lithosiinae.
In Tropical Africa to which they are confined they represent the place occupied by the Stigmatophora in Eastern
Asia, the Endrosa and Philea in Europe, the Hypoprepia in North America, and the Cisthene in South America;
in Australia they are represented by the Euthane which, however, are much lazier in flying. They are rather
large white or yellow lepidoptera, the forewings crossed by 2 transverse lines, when at rest clinging to blades,
flying a few yards away on being chased up, in order to settle again on the grass of the steppe. Colouring
slightly resembling that of the Teracotana, some also inhabiting the same patria as the latter. They have a
well developed proboscis, very small palpi the apices of which are arched yet by the frons; in the forewing
the neuration is almost as in Carcinopodia to which the genus is very closely allied, but in the hindwing vein
5 which is absent in that genus is present here, rising with 3 and 4 from the lower cell-angle. Anterior tibiae
outside with a small claw. Type: cyanogramma Hmps.

A. parallela B.-Bak. (9 d). Forewing with 2 almost parallel, somewhat irregular, proximally convex,
plain dark lines. Angola.

A. astrigata Hmps. (9 d). The distal transverse line bifurcates in the apical area and terminates into
the costal margin directly before the apex, whereby it resembles Carcinopodia furcifasciata, in which, however,
the hindwing is of a brighter orange. Congo and Mashona Land, and German East Africa.

A. cyanogramma Hmps. (9 e). In the forewing the distal branch of the fork of the distal transverse
line terminates into the distal margin, and a second longitudinal streak connects the centre of the margin with
the centre of the distal transverse line. Costal margin and hind-margin thickly black. Congo and Mashona
Land.

A. aurantiaca Hmps. (9 e), from the Transvaal. Only the costal margin of the forewing is black, not
the hind-margin. The distal transverse line also despatches two rays, but the upper ray branches off before
the distal margin and extends parallel to it into the costal margin.

A. pectinata Hmps. (9 e) is almost like aurantiaca, but distinguished by a black distal margin of the
hindwing. Congo.

A. mirabilis Btlr. (9 e). All the margins of the wings except the hind-margin of the hindwing are
thickly black, also the lines on the forewing, which are arranged as in the preceding species. British East Africa.

A. eurygrapha Hmps. (9 e) is like mirabilis, all the stripes on the forewing are thick, but there is another
streak on the median between the two transverse lines. Margin of hindwing with a broad dark, proximally
lighter marginal band. Rhodesia.

31. Genus: Clai*cinopo<lia Hmps.

Very near to the Anaphosia, but vein 5 of the hindwing is absent. Type: furcifasciata Btlr.

C. furcifasciata Btlr. (9 e) is almost exactly like Anaph. astrigata (9 d); the distal transverse line like¬
wise bifurcates before the apex and both the branches extend into the costal margin ; but the ground-colour
of the hindwing is dark golden yellow and that of the forewing pale golden yellow. British Central Africa.

C. schoutedeni Strd. is similar, but the distal transverse line of the forewing does not bifurcate. Congo
(Kitobola).

C. argentata Dist. (9 f) forms an intermediary stage between the two preceding species; the distal
branch of the fork is present, but it only coheres with the transverse line on the costa, whilst in the disc it
is separated from it. Pretoria.

32. Genus: Onychipo<lfa Hmps.

This genus being already closely allied to the Lithosia derives its name from the large, very much curved
spur inside at the end of the very short anterior tibia. Proboscis stunted; palpi very short, with a rudimentary
terminal joint. Frons very convex. Purely Ethiopian.

0. nigricostata Btlr. (= bimarginata Roth.sch.) (9 f) almost looks like a large Pseudlepista flavicosta
(9 h), but the costa of the forewing is distinctly though narrowly black. East Africa.

0. straminea Hm.ps. (9 f). Forewing ochreous-brownish, margined with yolk-colour. Hindwing dull
orange-yellow. Uganda.

0. flavithorax Rothsch. (9 f) has broader wings. Fore wing silvery yellowish-grey with a brownish
tint, margined with golden yellow. Hindwing pale yellow. Thorax in front, costal margin of forewing, and
abdomen deep orange. Angola.

AGLOSSOSIA; DIPLOEYX; CARIPODIA; PSEUDLEPISTA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

33. Genus: Aglossosia I-Imps.

Separated from the Anaphosia by the stunted proboscis and the absence of the areola of- the forewing.

In the hindwing the veins 3 and 4 are forked, the stalk rising separately from vein 5. Only Ethiopians.

A. latifusca Hmps. (9 g), from Uganda, has dark brown wings; forewing with a broad light yellow lalifucca.
costal stripe, hindwing with a yolk-coloured anal half.

yellow.

A. flavimarginata Hmps. (9 g), from Natal, is similar, but all the margins of the wings are broadly flavimargi-

nata.

A. deceptans Hmps. (9 g), from the Congo and British East Africa, is smaller, paler, the hindwing dcceptans.
quite yellowish white, except the costal area being shaded with a greyish brown.

34. Genus: l>iplonyx Hmps.

Proboscis stunted; antennae serrate with ciliary tufts. Frons much less convex than in Carcino'podia,
the claw inside at the end of the anterior tibia not quite so large as in the preceding genera. Forewing with an
areola, in the hindwing vein 3 rises before, veins 4 and 5 from the lower cell-angle. Only 1 species is known.

/

D. infumata Hmps. Size, shape, and colouring slightly recalling that of Pelosia muscerda (Vol. II, infumata.
pi. 13 cl). Forewing grey, with a dark brown tint, margined with orange; costa towards the base black. The
cell has at the base an in the centre 1 black dot each, at the end two. Hindwing orange, costal half, sometimes
also the hinclmarginal portion suffused with deep dark brown; at the cell-end a small dark luna. Expanse,

34 mm. Cape Colony.

35. Genus: Cari|>o<lia Hmps.

Similar to the preceding genera by the much shorter anterior tibia which is shorter than the 1st tarsal
joint. Forewing with an areola. In the hindwing vein 3 is forked with 4, the stalk rising with 5 from the same
place, from the lower cell-angle. The genus is already closely allied to our Lithosia and purely Ethiopian.

C. metakuca Hmps. (9 g). Silvery lustrous white, costa of forewing and fringes yellow. Sierra Leone, metaleuca.

C. chrysargyn'a Hmps. is quite similar to metaleuca (9 g), about a third larger, forewing of a greyer chrysargy-
tint, hindwing orange. Central Africa. ria

C. consimilis Hmps. likewise resembles metaleuca, forewing also silvery white, margined with yellow; consimilis.
hinclwing pale yellow. Central Africa and Portuguese East Africa.

C. albescens Hmps. (9 g). Both wings white, hindwing tinted with yellowish. Costal margin and albescens.
hind-margin of forewing yellow. West Africa.

C. persimilis Hmps. ( 9 g ) is larger than the preceding ones; forewing in the disc and hindwing in the pcrsimills.
costal half darkened by a sooty greyish brown. British East Africa.

C. fuscitincta Hmps. (9 h). Dank yolk-coloured, the marginal area of all the wings broadly sooty dark fuscitincta.
brown. British Egst Africa.

36. Genus: IPseudlepista Hmps.

Separated from the preceding genus by the fully developed proboscis, the absence of the claw' inside
at the end of the anterior tibia, the absence of the areola in the fore wing and of vein 5 in the hindwing. The
genus is exclusively Ethiopian.

Ps. atrizona Hmps. (9 h). Similar to Caripodia fuscitincta, but much smaller; the marginal band is atrizona.
deep blackish-brown, at the costa of the forewing widened. Rhodesia.

Ps. flavicosfa Hmps. (9 h). Whitish yellow, much larger; fringes, costa and a hindmarginal stripe on flavicosta.
the forewing honey-coloured. Congo. - — By the shape, size, and colouring it somewhat resembles the East
Asiatic Pelosia ramosula.

Ps. holoxantha Hmps. Forewing darker, hindwing lighter orange; the dark hindmarginal stripe of holoxaniha.
flavicosta is absent here. Expanse 24 mm. British East Africa.

7G ISORROPUS; PASTEOSIA ; PARAONA ; LAMPROSIA ; OEONISTIS; OEDALEOSIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

37. Genus: Isorropus Btlr.

The only species known of this genus has bright colours, somewhat like an American Cisthene. Pro¬
boscis strong, the short palpi straightly porrect, antenna with a comb of rather long scales behind the centre
of the antenna, tapering off towards the apex. Forewing with an areola; in the hindwing vein 5 is absent.

tricolor. I. tricolor Btlr. (9 k). Body purple, marked with brown; wings orange with a broad black marginal

band. Forewing with a broad black transverse band through the centre. Madagascar.

38. Genus: I®ast«?osIa Hmps.

Proboscis developed; palpi bent upwards before the face; on the anterior tibiae both the spurs are
short. In theforewingthe 1st subcostal branch approaches the costal vein and is adjacent to it for some distance,
but soon leaves it again, terminating separately. The 2nd subcostal branch rises far before the cell-end, sometimes
forming an areola by anastomosing with the stalk of the 3 other subcostal branches. The lower radials rise jointly
stalked from the lower angle of the cell. Beside 1 species from Singapore 2 Ethiopian species are known. As
to the former cf. Vol. X, p. 199; strictly speaking, it does not belong together with the Ethiopians.

irrorata. P. inorata Hmps., from Cape Colony, has a dark brown forewing with a black dot in the cell-end

portion and another one in the submedian area. Hindwing light yellow, with a slight brownish tint. Expanse
of wings: 26 mm.

plumbea. P. piumbea Hmps. is somewhat larger; forewing dark lead-coloured, with a narrow dark yellow costal

stripe. Hindwing orange. Likewise from Cape Colony.

39. Genus: Paraona Mr.

Rather closely allied to the Oeonistis , and treated upon in Vol. II, p. 63, and Vol. X, p. 197. In addition
to the palearctic and Indian species mentioned there, two occur in the Ethiopian Region:

cocciniceps. P. cocciiliceps Mab. (9 h), like the other species of the genus, has a darker ground-colour, but the

head, thorax, base of abdomen and bases of wings are of a bright red. Madagascar.

inter jecia. P. interjecta Strd. (9 i) is quite different from cocciniceps-, larger (expanse 40 mm). Head, dorsum

of thorax, and forewing silvery white, forewing with a black dot at the cell-end, and a rather indistinct greyish-
black longitudinal stripe extending from near the base below the cell to the distal margin. Hindwing with a
black cell-end streak. Natal.

40. Genus : Lamprosia Hmps.

The only species of this genus is so closely allied to the genuine Lithosia (Eilema) that it was described
as Lithosia, but the cell has at the end two tips owing to the cross-vein being strongly proximally angular,
and vein 5 of hindwing is present here, whereas in the genuine Lithosia it is absent.

cborella. L. eborella Bsd. (= pygmaea Wkr.) almost looks like a very pale Liih. lurideola (Vol. II, pi. 12 i),

but it is somewhat smaller, the forewing darkened so dull grey that the yellow costal stripe is but feebly visible.
Hindwing yellow. Cape Colony.

(Genus: Oeonistis Hbn.)

To this palearctic genus to which the common European- Asiatic Oe. quadra belongs, also one South- African species
is said to belong, described as ,, Selina air iar dial a“ by Walker. Hampson lists it as alroradiella among the indeterminable
species. The type does not exist anymore.

41. Genus: Oe<laleosia Hmps.

At once discernible from the preceding genera by the entirely stunted proboscis, the absence of the
areola on the forewing, from the Lithosia by the presence of vein 5. Only Ethiopian species are known. Type:
Oe. nigricosta Hmps.

frontalis. Oe. frontalis Strd. (9h) is quite uni-coloured luteous, at the costa of the forewing somewhat darker,

towards the hind-margin of the hindwing paler. Expanse 26 mm. East Africa.

AGYLLOIDES; AGYLLA ; CHRYSAEGLIODES ; PLINIOLA; MICRILEMA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 77

Oe. concolor Strd. (9 h) is somewhat smaller (expanse 24 mm) than frontalis. Forewing quite light concolor.
silvery white, in the distal area and above the hind-margin darkened by greyish. Hindwing white; only the
margin, apex, and fringes are yellowish. The type, collected by G. Schweinfurth in Djur on June 15th 1871,
is in the Coll. Statjdinger in the Berlin Zoolog. Museum.

Oe. nigricosta limps, is still somewhat smaller (expanse 22 mm); forewing uni-coloured yellowish- niyricosta.
white, with a narrow black costal margin; hindwing white, in the costal-marginal area brownish. Sierra Leone
and Gambia.

42. Genus: Agylloides Strd.

As the name tells, its habitus is similar to some Agylla. Proboscis strongly developed, palpus bent
upwards, densely clad with short scales, the 3rd joint much more slender than the 2nd, and only half its length.

In the forewing and hindwing vein 5 is present. In the forewing the stalk of 7, 8, 9 rises from the apex of
the areola, 10 from its anterior margin near the apex and rather remote from the long-stalked 9. Separated
from Agylla by 6 rising from the cell, distinctly remote from the areola. Abdomen projects little beyond the
anal angle. Only Ethiopians; type: A. asurella Strd.

A. asurella Strd. (9 i) is pale yellow; forewing with some narrow, irregular yellowish-brown transverse asurella.
bands partly broken up into spots or dots. Expanse of wings: 21 mm. — In ab. obscurella Strd. the transverse obscurella.
bands are so much widened that the sulphur colour of the ground only appears yet at the base and margin
and in few small spots. - — Togo (Bismarckburg).

A. problematica Strd. (9 i), doubtfully placed here, is somewhat larger and with broader wings; forewing problemati-
darker yellow with broad dentate dark brown antemedian and postmedian transverse bands. Hindwing white. ca’

Cameroon.

43. Genus: Agylla Wkr.

This genus has already been dealt with at large in Vol. II, p. 64, Vol. VI, p. 280, and Vol. X, p. 199.

Of the more than 100 species known of the genus but one is Ethiopian.

A. complanodes Hmps. (9 i). As the name tells, similar to a Lithosia complana, but only in the colouring ; complano-
forewing much broader, hindwing shorter than in complana. Forewing grey with a yellow costal margin and ^es

hind-margin; hindwing pale yolk-coloured. From Lake Nyassa.

44. Genus: Ahrysaegliodes Strd.

Similar to the Indian Chrysaeglia magnifica (Vol. X, pi. 15 f) in the veins and structure of the body,
but with longer palpi, shorter and broader wings and quite a different habitus in fact recalling a Nola. But
one species is known:

Chr. noliformis Strd. (9 i). Shape somewhat similar to a Nolina-Q. Forewing light silvery grey, with noliformis.
shadow-like angular antemedian and postmedian transverse lines, a small dark stripe at the cell-end, and an
interrupted undulate line in the marginal area. Hindwing dingy white, towards the margin greyer. Ogowe
(West Africa). Type in the Berlin Museum.

45. Genus: Pliniola Strd.

Proboscis strong. Palpi erect. In both wings vein 5 is present. The costal margin of the forewing is
very much bent, the tornus rounded, so that the distal margin passes over into the hind-margin in an almost
uniform curve. Type : P. nigristriata Holl.

P. nigristriata Holl. (9 i) is very peculiarly marked. On the dull dark brown ground the veins are of nigrlslriata .
a bright bone-colour, intertwined into a dense network, leaving between them in the marginal area narrow
stripes of the dark ground-colour. Hindwing pale ochreous, at the margin dark internerval spots. Head,
thorax, and end of abdomen with some black dots. Cameroon.

46. Genus: Micrilema Hmps.

The only species belonging hereto is an imago with a very slim body which looks entirely like a
Lithosia to which genus it is also closely allied, except that in the hindwing the veins 3 and 4 have not a
joint stalk, but both rise from the lower cell-angle.

78

HYPARGOPTEEA; LITHOSIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

craushayi .

rufeola.

funeralis.

xanthopa.

apical is.

clegans.

mashonen-

sis.

restricta.

flavibasis.

heterogyna.

marwitzia-

na.

bifasciata.

aurantisqua-

mata.

costiplicata.

nigrocihata.

M. craushayi Hmps. looks almost exactly like a Lithosia lurideola (Vol. II, pi. 12 i); forewing lead-
coloured grey with a yellow costal-marginal stripe; hindwing orange, somewhat brighter and broader than
in lurideola. Natal; Basuto Land.

47. Genus: JHypargoptera Hmps.

With a proboscis, pectinate antennae, the pectinations tapering off towards the apex. Forewing very
small, but hindwing very broad, at the base cpiickly widening, but behind the middle decreasing again, stripe¬
shaped, with a short almost vertical distal margin. Only 1 species.

H. rufeola Hmps. Head and thorax brown, abdomen orange. Forewing of a bright yellowish red-
brown, in the <$ with an obsolete darker postmedian transverse band which is angular in the centre. Hindwing
orange. Expanse of wings: 32 mm. South Africa.

48. Genus: Lil liosia F.

This genus which is nowadays mostly denominated Eilema (Hubner 1827) or llema (Hampsox 1900)
and the members of which were described among more than 20 different genera, has been largely treated upon
in Vol. II, p. 65 to 69, and in Vol. X, p. 204 to 211. The almost 300 forms hitherto known are widely distri¬
buted over the Old World, and many species number among the most common lepidoptera. In America the
genus has not yet been discovered ; it is replaced there by the very common Agylla. As to further particulars,
cf. Vol. II and X 1. c. From Ethiopian Africa about 120 forms are known, some of which, however, are
doubtfully inserted here.

L. funeralis Kenr. (9 k). Proximal parts of wings as far as a little beyond the centre dark hemochrome,
distally, with a slight orange-red tinge, distal parts of the wings bluish-black. Anterior body and end of ab¬
domen red. Madagascar. • — The species has the colouring of the South-East Australian Scoliacma bicolora
(Vol. X, pi. 14 b).

L. xanthopa Holl. (9 k). Forewing golden yellow, with a broad black distal margin, hindwing paler,
the margin very narrowly darker. West Africa. — According to Strand, it hardly belongs to this genus, but
shows the neuration of a Lexis.

L. apicalis Wkr. (Vol. X, pi. 15 b) is quite similar to xanthopa, honey-coloured, forewing with a blackish-
brown distal margin of 2 mm width, but with yellow fringes. Shape of forewing more stripe-like. West Africa,
also in the Sunda Islands in India. As to the larva, cf. Vol. X, p. 208.

L. elegans Btlr. (9 k). In the foiewing the basal and costal-marginal portions are orange, the distal-
marginal and hindmarginal portions dark brown. Hindwing orange with a brown distal third. On the Atbara
and in Abyssinia. - — In the form mashonensis Strd. the brown colour in the forewing only reaches to the centre
of the hind-margin, and the dark marginal band of the hindwing is narrower. — restricta Hmps., from Rhodesia,
in the $ exhibits the brown colour of the forewing still more reduced and the dark margin of the hindwing
scarcely linear; in the ^ the forewing is quite golden yellow except a dark spot at the proximal angle.

L. flavibasis Hmps. (= nitens Rothsch.) (9 k). Almost the whole upper surface of the wings is dark
brown. In the forewing only a narrow costal-marginal stripe and in the hindwing the basal third are honey-
coloured. British East Africa.

L. heterogyna Hmps. (91). from Rhodesia, is similar to flavibasis; the yellow costal stripe of the fore¬
wing is narrow, hindwing also at the base intensely suffused with dark brown, in the disc rather somewhat
lighter.

L. marwitziana Strd. is like heterogyna, but the hindwing shows yellow longitudinal patches along
the costal margin and from the base to beyond the centre. German East Africa.

L. bifasciata Hmps. (9 k) is much smaller than the preceding ones (expanse only 22 mm). It almost
looks like a small L. replana (Vol. X, pi. 15 b). Forewing dark brown with 2 honey-coloured longitudinal patches.
Hindwing orange with a broad blackish-brown marginal band. Cape Colony.

L. aurantisquamata Hmps. is one of the largest species, almost the size of a palearctic Oeonistis quadra.
Forewing whitish with a yellow discal area which shows rough orange scales. Base of costal margin blackish.
Hindwing whitish with a large, orange-scalecl postmedian spot extending from the costal margin to the lower
cell-angle. British East Africa.

L. costiplicata Hmps. is only half the size of the preceding species (expanse 24 mm). Forewing ochreous
tinted with red-brown, the marginal area lighter. Hindwing pale yellow. By its colouring it recalls a small
distigmata (10 a) lacking the black dots. Recognisable by a costal-marginal lobe of the $ extending to beyond
the centre. Cameroon.

L. nigrociliata Aur. (9 1) is quite orange; 3 distinct dark dots above the centre of the hind-margin,
in the centre of the costa, and behind the cell-end. Hindwing with a large, brown apical spot extending almost
to the centre of the margin. Madagascar.

LITHOSIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

79

L. marginata Guer. (9 1) is a large species; orange, forewing with 3 blackish dots, similar to the preceding marginala.
species and with a bright red costal-marginal stripe. Fringes in the apical parts of both wings grey. Sometimes
the black dots on the forewing are found to be connected by darker streaks. Madagascar.

L. erythropleura Mab. (9 1) is very similar to marginata, but all the wings are shorter and broader; erythropleu-
below the centre of the cell on the fore wing there is another black dot. All the dots are larger in the $. In ra-

this species the apical fringes of both wings are not grey, but orange. Madagascar.

L. mabillei Btlr. (= marginata Saalm. p. p.) (10 a). Wings more elongate than in erythropleura mabillei.
and marginata ; the 4 dots on the forewing are similarly placed as in erythropleura, partly with a metallic green
reflection; colouring paler yellow. Madagascar.

L. inornafa Kenr. (9 1) is much smaller, the 4 black dots arranged as in mabillei. Forewing deeper inomata.
orange. Madagascar.

L. argentea Btlr. ( 10 a) is silvery white ; forewing with a black dot below the centre of the costal margin, argentea.
below the bifurcation of the median, and mostly yet with a third dot behind the cell-end. Madagascar.

L. trispilota Saalm. (10a) is likewise cpiite purely white; of three black dots on the forewing one is trispilota.
situate below the centre of the costal margin, one above the hind-margin before its last third, and one before
the centre of the distal margin. Madagascar.

L. virgineola Hmps. (10 a) is cpiite snow-white, lustrous; in size (expanse 38 mm) between the two virgineola.
preceding species. Forewing without black dots. Cape Colony.

L. melanosticta Hmps. (10 b). Body deep honey-coloured, wings white, with a very feeble yellowish melanostic-
tint. Forewing with one thick black dot each below the costa and above the centre of the hind-margin. West 1(1 '

Africa.

L„ eningae Ploetz (10 b). Quite similar to melanosticta, but the forewing is more light yellow and eningae.
somewhat narrower. The black dots similar as in melanosticta. ■ — pia Strd. (= eningae Hmps.) (10 b) has dark via.
yolk-coloured forewings. West-Africa.

L. bipuncfa Hbn. (= colon Mschlr.) (Vol. II, pi. 12 h). Like the preceding ones, but the colour of the bipuncta.
forewing is dull pale yellow. It occurs already in the southern most parts of Europe (Andalusia, SouthernTtaly),
but not, as reported, in South India. Widely distributed in South Africa.

L. distigmata Hmps. (10a) entirely resembles bipuncta-, of a brighter yolk-colour; the upper black distigmata.
dot is somewhat farther below the costa. It represents bipuncta in East and West Africa.

L. costimaculata Aur. (10 b) is as yellow as distigmata, but the upper dot is directly at the costal costimacu-
margin, as in bipuncta. Kilima Ndjaro. " ' ' W c lata'

L. pallidicosta Mab. is light yellowish brown, the costal area basally whitish. A dark dot below' the pallidicosta.
cell-end in the submedian area, another one behind the cell. Hindwing yellowish. Expanse 26 mm. Madagascar.

L„ diplisticta B.-Bak. (10 b) is larger than pallidicosta, but the two dots of the forewing are, as in diplisticta.
distigmata, below each other, not behind each other. From pia it is only separated by darker, more
brownish -yellow forewings and the cpiite yolk-coloured body which is less marked with brown. West Africa.

L. mesosticta Hmps. (10 b). Forewing dark red-brown; 2 black dots, one at the cell-end, one above mesosticta.
the centre of the hind-margin. Hindwing brown, in the basal area lighter. Smaller than diplisticta. Nigeria.

L. frinitas Strd. (= jacobsi Hmps.) (10 c). Forewing dark yellow, before the most distal third of trinitas.
the costal margin a dark costal dot and two smaller ones below it at the cell-end, and in the submedian area.

, Hindwing pale yellow'. West Africa; in Morocco it penetrates into the palearctic region.

L. cribroides Kenr. (10 c). Forewing white, in the disc very feebly irrorated with brownish, with cribroides.
numerous black comma-spots in, below and behind the cell, extending in a bow almost reaching to the distal
margin from the centre of the costal margin to the centre of the hind-margin. Hindwing dark grey. Madagascar.

L. kingdom Btlr. (10c) is the largest African Lithosia known. Forewing white; 1 black dot each in kingdom.
and below the cell, and an S-like curved row of black dots before the marginal area; hindwing yellow with a
blackish costa. Thorax dotted black. ■ — ab. luteomarginata Strd. has the thorax, forewing, and the marginal luteomargi-
half of the hindwing tinted ochreous, the tegulae and patagia margined with yellow. — ab. albicans Btlr. has . nata.
the head, thorax, forewing and hindwing, except the hairing at the basal part and the proximal area, coloured "
silvery white. Madagascar.

L. sordida Btlr. (10 d) is also very large, but both the wings are dull yolk-coloured yellow irrorated sordida.
with dark, particularly between the lighter veins. A transverse band of brown spots begins behind the centre
of the costal margin and extends in a curve directed towards the distal margin to the hind-margin. Hindwing
somewhat paler. — The form aspersa Btlr. (= aspera Hmps.) has the forewing less tinted brown, but strewn aspersa.
with small blackish scales, and the hindwing darkened towards the margin. Madagascar. • — Hampson thinks

80

LITHOSIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

it possible that the $ of this form is the form albicans Btlr. described as a race of kingdom. — The name ,, sordida''1
is not well chosen, since a very similar lepidopteron was already named Phryganopsis sordida by Felder and
the differences of the two genera are still so uncertain that several species have changed their places in the
two genera. Phr. sordida Fldr. is a synonym of asperatella Wlcr. and chiefly differs in the transverse stripe
of the forewing running exactly medianly and quite straightly from the centre of the costal margin to the centre
of the hind- margin.

makomen- L. makomensis Strd. (10 c). Forewing dark earth-coloured brown, the transverse stripe extends

sls • around the cell-end in a round bow. Hindwing pale yellow. Spanish Guinea.

angulifas- L. angulifascia Strd. (10 d) is very similar to makomensis and probably the same species. End of abdo-

cia ■ men, not only the extreme apex, yolk-coloured, the brown ground-colour of the forewing not so uniformly
tinted, but marbled somewhat dark. Cameroon (Buea).

tuscicorpus. L. fuscicorpus Hmps. (10 d) is somewhat smaller than the preceding ones, forewing more intensely

tinted red-brown, hindwing pale golden yellow. The transverse stripe of the forewing is as in angulifascia, of
which it may be merely a geographical race. Gold Coast.

oblitterans. L. oblitterans Fldr. (= undulata Heyl.) (10 d). This very widely distributed species varies exceedingly,

if in fact all the forms combined here belong to one species. Forewing earth-coloured brown, hindwing yellowish-
brown; through the forewing a somewhat curved nebulous postmedian stripe not reaching to the costa. The
typical oblitterans, which we figure here for the sake of comparison, is Indian, and Ido not know any typical
brevipennis. specimens from Africa. Nor do I know any African specimens of the form brevipennis Pimps, (nee Wkr.) which
is figured in Vol. X, pi. 15 a as oblitterans ; here we do not see anything at all of the transverse stripe of the
angulifera. forewing. ■ — angulifera Fldr. is the common form with a distinct transverse stripe of the forewing, pointedly
projecting towards the margin. This species also occurs in India, but it hardly differs from the East African
kilimanja- (kilimanjaronis Strd.), the $$ of which are somewhat greyer. - — Larva with very long hairs forming pencils
ronis. on +}ie sicles Gf the head; light grey; dorsum darker with a bright yellow dorsal stripe. On lichens.

goniophora. L. goniophora Hmps. (10 d). Both wings are yolk-coloured, hindwing somewhat paler, otherwise

similar to the preceding ones; the transverse stripe of the forewing, however, is thicker, the dent behind the
cell-end almost rectangular, but not projecting so far towards the margin. Cape Colony.

melasonea. L. melasonea Hmps (10 e) likewise resembles the preceding species, but the transverse stripe of the

forewing is only obtusely broken. The dark brown fore wing shows a light yellow costal- marginal stripe. Hind¬
wing quite pale yellow. British East Africa.

jractifascia. L. fractifascia Hmps. is very much smaller (expanse 20 mm); the transverse band in the forewing

is pierced below the costa. Forewing whitish, with a yellowish-red tint and strewn with small dark scales; base
of costal margin black; hindwing greyish- white, slightly tinted with red-brown. Cameroon.

goniopho- L. goniophoroides Strd. (10 e). Forewing dull yellow, towards the margin lighter; the transverse

roides. stripe is thick and feebly bent. Hindwing pale yellow. From Buea in Cameroon.

bipartita. L. bipartita Aur. (10 e), from the Kilima Ndjaro is similar to goniophoroides, but it has broader wings

of a purer dark yellow colour, the forewing with an ochreous tint, the transverse stripe thinner and exactly
median.

rufofascia- L. rufofasciata Pothsch. (10 e). Forewing light tan-coloured ; the transverse band is dark red-brown and

ta- extends obliquely from behind the centre of the costal margin to before the centre of the hind-margin. Hindwing
paler. On the forewing beneath a conical androconium extends from the costal margin behind the centre into
the submedian area. British East Africa.

punctUinea- L. punctilineata Hmps. (lOf) is quite similar to rufofasciata, but the transverse stripe of the forewing

ta- is not quite so oblique, not red-brown, thinner, near the cell-end and in the submedian area punctiformly
thickened. British East Africa.

punctistria- L. punctistriata Btlr. (10 f) is like the preceding ones, but the transverse stripe of the forewing runs

differently, from the centre of the costal margin to the last third of the hind-margin, thus obliquely from above
and inside to below and outside. Madagascar.

curvilinea. L. curvilinea Aur. (lOe) is much smaller than punctistriata-, 6 or 7 dark punctiform shadows form

a transverse chain bending round the cell-end across the tan-coloured forewing. Hindwing paler. Madagascar.
catenata. L. catenata Mab. is somewhat larger, with brownish-grey forewings; the transverse chain extends

in a similar way as in curvilinea (lOe), but it is composed of small dark streaks pierced by the veins. Hindwing
white, at the hind-margin and distal margin with a pale red-brown tint. Madagascar.
angulistri- L. angulistrigata Strd. (lOf). Forewing lighter or darker brown, a postmedian transverse stripe is

gata. the centre bent like a knee, as in some specimens of L. oblitterans from which, however, this species is
separated by the veins. Hindwing brownish, towards the base lighter. Cameroon.
pulverosa. L. pulverosa Aur. (lOf). Wings short and very broad, forewing of <$ above covered with rough scent-

scales. Forewing brown with an orange tint, at the apex lighter; before and behind the centre and in the distal
area incomplete transverse streaks. Hindwing dingy white. Cameroon.

Publ. 9. VI. 1926.

LITHOSIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

81

L. stictigramma Hmps. (10 g) is much smaller than the preceding ones, with an expanse of only
22 mm. Yolk-coloured, forewing with a transverse stripe of small brown spots, beginning behind the cell and
obliquely extending to behind the centre of the hind-margin. Hindwing somewhat paler, but at the margin
and apex darkened by brown. Comoro Is.

L. costimaculata Aur. (10 f). Wings yellow, narrow, bordered with dark, hindwing somewhat paler.
Forewing with a brown longitudinal patch before the centre of the costal margin and a brown, indistinct oblique
stripe extending from the cell-end proximad in front of the centre of the hind-margin. Kilimanjaro.

L. insignis Btlr. (10 g) is much smaller than costimaculata. Recognisable by a large blackish spot
behind the centre of the costal margin on the forewing which is light yellow in the costal area, otherwise dark
yellow. Madagascar.

L. nebuliferella Strd. (= nebulifera Hmps.). Size of insignis, forewing grey, basal and costal-marginal
areas yellowish; behind the basal yellow portion a dark grey quadrangular spot, from below the costa to the
hind-margin. Hindwing pale yellow. British Central Africa.

L, creatoplaga Hmps. (= androconia Heyn ) (10 g). Large, with narrow wings, the long forewing
red-brown with a long, yellow central spot extending from the upper cell-wall to the submedian vein; behind
it dark irroration. British East Africa.

L. notifera Saalm. (= umbrigera Mob.) (10 g). Smaller, forewing white with a black spot behind
the centre of the costa and 2 more blackish spots at the centre of the hind-margin and at the distal margin,
which are connected by a black streak on the median. Hindwing greyish-brown, towards the base lighter.
Madagascar.

L. maculosa Saalm. (10 g). Similarly shaped as notifera, but the forewing is yellow with a brown
costal spot behind the centre and a broad brown, darker spotted longitudinal patch above the submedian from
the base almost to the distal margin. Madagascar.

L. cramboides Kenr. (10 g). Forewing wood-coloured brown, strewn with a darker colour, at the
distal margin and hind-margin covered with brown, behind the centre of the costal margin a small dark spot.
Hindwing dingy white. Madagascar.

L. inconspicualis Kenr. (10 h) is very closely allied to cramboides, but the forewing is covered with
brown at the costal margin and hind-margin, but not in the distal-marginal area, and the hindwing shows a
blackish hue in the apical area. Madagascar.

L. angusfipemiis Strd. (10 h). Forewing shaped almost as in a Crambus, (and coloured in a similar
way as in Crambus vulgivagellus from North America) earth-brown, the costal area covered with brown, behind
the cell-end a small dark nebulous spot. Hindwing greyish-brown, somewhat lighter than forewing. Cameroon.

L. contorta Fryer (8 li). Forewing light ochreous-brown, hindwing pale yellow; easily recognisable
by a large longitudinal fold of the $ forewing, comprising the cell, being situate above the median vein and
extending almost to the margin. Otherwise somewhat similar to carnea (10 h). Seychelles.

L. camea Btlr. (10 h) is similar to contorta, larger, the forewing with a rosy tint, with a brown costal
spot at the centre of the hind-margin, and a dark longitudinal line extending from the base along the hind-
margin and then upwards to behind the cell-end, where it stops. Madagascar.

L. cirrochroa Mab. resembles the preceding, but it is somewhat smaller (expanse 26 mm). Forewing
greyish-brown, more scantily strewn with small dark scales, the costal dot behind the centre distinct. Hindwing
whitish with a brownish tint, particularly around the apex. Madagascar.

L. bueana Strd. (10 h). Size of cirrochroa, but forewing much broader, particularly before the centre;
dark brown, the dark atoms below the costal margin, in the cell and before the marginal area are connected
and form longish shadows. Hindwing yellowish-white. Cameroon.

L. maculifascia Hmps. Body orange, marked darker, forewing of a dull dark orange; here the dark
atoms are arranged in a postmedian nebulous stripe which is somewhat slanting to vein 6, then obliquely
incurved. Hindwing pale orange. British East Africa.

L. peperita Hmps. (10 h) is similar to inconspicualis (10 h), but the yellowish-grey forewing is quite
uniformly strewn with coarse dark atoms which in typical specimens are only condensed behind the centre of
the hind-margin, forming a dark nebulous spot. — In ab. montana Aur. which flies together with typical
specimens, we notice a postmedian flawed transverse stripe the end of which is represented by the hindmarginal
spot in typical specimens. — East Africa.

L. rufitincta Hmps. (10 i) is larger, more yellow, densely strewn with ochreous atoms forming a broad
darker patch from behind the cell to the proximal half of the hind-margin. Hindwing pale yellow. Uganda.

L. sarceola Hmps. (10 i) is much smaller than rufitincta, its colouring approximating that of European
forms ( deplana , complana). Forewing deep dark brown ; a basal spot, a narrow costal-marginal stripe, and fringes
of a bright light yellow. Hindwing yolk-coloured with a brown apical third and yellow fringes. Cape Colony.

slicligram -
mu.

cosiimacu-

laia.

insignis.

nebuliferel¬

la.

creatoplaga .

notifera.

maculosa.

cramboides.

mconspi-

cualis.

angustipen-
n is.

contorta.

carnea.

cirrochroa.

bueana.

maculifas¬

cia.

peperita.

montana.

rufitincta.

sarceola.

XIV

11

LITHOSIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

phaeopera. L. phaeopera limps, is similar to sarceola, somewhat larger (expanse 30 mm), but the forewing of

a more yellow ground-colour with a dark brown tint, the costal-marginal stripe white. Hindwing much broader
than in sarceola, but similarly coloured. Cape Colony, to the north as far as into the Transvaal.

sokotrensis. L. sokotrensis Hmps. (10 h) is already very near to the European lurideola, but more intensely coloured,

hindwing at the apex brownish ; forewing narrower. Sokotra.

natara. L. natara Mr. (= vicaria Wkr., antika WJcr., sarawaka Btlr., imitans Mob., vikaria Sz.) (Vol. X,

pi. 15 c as vicaria) resembles the preceding ones and also the following gracilipennis, but the fore wing is darker,
the yellow costal-marginal stripe not extended to the apex, but pointedly ending in front of it. Hindwing
more yellow though not so lemon-coloured as in the figure in Vol. X. The imago has an immense range extending
from Tropical Africa across India, Ceylon, the Sunda Islands, and China to the palearctic Amur District, if
this is not a mistake. The older name vicaria is better avoided, since Walker described two different species
by this name; vicaria Wkr. of 1864 is no more to be identified and the type does not exist any more.

gracilipen- L. gracilipennis Wallgr. (= planissima Wallgr. , elongata Rothsch.) (10 i) is larger and somewhat less

ms- dark on the forewing, the yellow costal stripe is broader, the hindwing more ochreous, towards the costa darker;
otherwise very similar to natara. Natal, Transvaal.

proleuca. L. proleuca Hmps. (10 i) is only half the size of gracilipennis , otherwise similar to a small sokotrensis ;

the yellow costal-marginal stripe is more whitish, hindwing light yellow as in some natara. Gold Coast.

sanguicosta. L. sanguicosta Hmps. (10 i) is coloured like the preceding ones, but much larger (36 to 46 mm);

the costal-marginal stripe is broadly yellow, in the apical part still broader, and the costal margin itself red.
British East Africa and Mashona Land; the specimens from Lake Nyassa ( nyassana Strd.) are but slightly
and not constantly different.

griseola. L. griseola Hbn. (Vol. II, pi. 12 li) is said to occur in a local West African form with a brown margin

subumbrata. of the hindwing, having been placed by Holland as subumbrata to the genus Lepista. We do not think it
impossible that these specimens belong to natara Mr.

similipunc- L. similipuncta Hmps. (10 k) looks like a very large griseola with a broad light yellow costal stripe,

ia- but on each forewing it has 2 black dots as in an Oeon. quadra -$, which it also resembles in size. Mashona
Land.

stevcnsi. L. stevensi Holl. (10 k). Head and thorax ochreous, marked with white. Forewing very pale ochreous,

the costal margin in the distal half thickly black. Hindwing white, in the costal region with an ochreous tint.
Expanse 44 mm. East Africa.

phaeocras- JL. phaeocraspis Hmps. (10 k) is similar to stevensi, smaller, the costal margin is dark yellow, not black,

pi-s. hindwing pale yellowish. East Africa.

simulans. L. simulaiis Mob. ( = agonchae Ploetz ) is much smaller, forewing dark ochreous, in the costal area

more golden yellow; a broad dark antemarginal nebulous band is above broad, towards the hind-margin narrower.
(juinencola. Hindwing ochreous. Congo. — guineacola Strd. from Guinea is said to have more elongate forewings, and the
dark antemarginal nebulous band does not taper off towards the hind-margin.

caff ran a. L. caffrana Strd. (10 k) resembles the palearctic morosina (Vol. II, pi. 12 i) from Asia Minor, but it

has not quite such elongate forewings, without a distinct yellow costal stripe, and purer yellow hindwings,
Caffraria.

suhgriscola. L. subgriseola Strd. (11 a). Smaller, otherwise similar to caffrana; it also resembles a small griseola,

but in the forewing there is scarcely a definable costal-marginal stripe, the costal margin but little lighter than
the leaden-grey, slightly brownish-tinted ground-colour. Spanish Guinea.

%

vendama. L. verulama Strd. (11 a) is quite similar to a common European sororcula (Vol. II, pi. 13 b). Forewing

dark yellow, hindwing paler, but also the abdomen is yellow, and the hindwing beneath exhibits a dark costal-
marginal band of about 2 mm width. Natal.

triplaiola. L. triplaiola B.-Bak. (= malanga B.-Bak., unistrigata B.-Bak., bisticta B.-Bak.) (11a) has either

1 or 2 small dots on the forewing, which are sometimes besides connected by a fine stripe, owing to which
differences it has received various names. Quite similar to verulama, distinguished by an oblique dark median
shadow which may be more or less prominent and the greatest part of which is composed of scent-scales. West
Africa.

lamprocras- L. lamprocraspis Hmps.' (11a) is quite yolk-coloured with a light yellow costa of the forewing.

pis. Seychelles.

discifera. L. discifera Hmps. (11a) is like lamprocraspis, but in the distal halves of the wings paler golden

yellow, and the forewings show small dull cell-end spots. Natal.

squat ida. L. squalida On. (= mauritia Mob.) (11 b) is much larger, otherwise quite similar to discifera-, forewing

somewhat broader and without the dark dot at the cell-end, hindwing paler yellow. Mauritius and Reunion.

CTENOSIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

83

L. brevipennis Wkr. (lib) is another lepidopteron resembling the European sororcula, the rang e Ircdpcnnis.
of which extends over Southern Asia as well as vast parts of the Ethiopian District. The common Indian form
which is also found in East Africa (Dar es Salaam) we have figured here; it was formerly taken to be the $
of punctifera (Vol. X, pi. 15 c) together with which it occurs in India. Of the other Indian races, such as
intermixtci Wkr., fuscipes Hmps., sandakana Drt., none has been found yet in Africa.

L. humilis Kenr. (lib). Shape very similar to that of brevipennis , but with dark greyish-brown humilis.
forewings lacking the light costal stripe, and with dingy white hindwings. Madagascar.

L. flexistriata Btlr. (= angustata Btlr., angulosa Saalm.) (11 a) is much smaller than the preceding flexistriata.
ones, of the size of a Crambus, the light wood-coloured forewing strewn with dark atoms forming stronger dots
in the distal half of the wing. Hindwing dingy white, at the distal margin and apex with a somewhat darker
brown tinge. Madagascar.

L. arculifera Fldr. (lib). Body orange, with yellow markings; forewing yolk-coloured with 2 black arculifera.
longitudinal bands below the costal margin and above the hind-margin. Hindwing in the proximal half blackish-
brown, otherwise yellow. Cape Colony. — In natalica Strd., from Natal, all the dark brown places are reduced, natalica.

L. achrosis Hmps. Head and body above ochreous with a brown tint. Forewing light ochreous with aclirosis.
a feebly red-brown tint; hindwing ochreous white. Expanse 22 mm. Transvaal and British East Africa.

L. albidula Wkr. (11 b) looks like a small sororcula , but the total colouring is more light yellow than albidula.
orange, particularly the hindwings are warming into whitish. West Africa.

L. uelleburgensis Strd. (11 b) is very much like albidula, but still much smaller; the forewing is also uellcburgen-
comparatively narrower. ,,Road on the Uelle“ in Spanish Guinea; taken in January. sls'

L. monochroma Roll. (11c). Larger than the preceding species, the forewing much broader, brownish- monochro-
yellow with a small dark spot at the cell-end; hindwing with a very dull brownish tint. West Africa to Cape ma-

Colony.

L. ardens Btlr. (= subrosea Mob.) (11c). Forewing of a bright yellowish brown strewn with very ardens.
fine dark atoms arranged behind the centre in a pointed tooth which, however, is not always distinct. Hindwing
with a very light brownish tinge. Madagascar.

L. leia Hmps. (11 c) is extremely similar to uelleburgensis, but somewhat darker, more light ochreous. Ida.
Hindwing very much paler than forewing. Cape Colony to Nigeria and Natal.

L. callidescens Hmps. (11 c) somewhat resembles a sororcula, but it is darker, more brownish-yellow; callides-
forewing shorter and obtuser, costal margin and hind-margin almost equally long. Gold Coast. cens-

L. pilosa Hmps. has still shorter wings than callidescens', forewing of a bright yellowish red-brown, pilo.sa.
without markings. Hinclwing more yellow and paler. Gold Coast.

If. conisphora Hmps. (11c) is as small as uelleburgensis, but the forewing about twice as broad, conisphora.
light ochreous strewn with brown atoms; hindwing dark brown with yellow fringe. Gold Coast.

L. aldabrensis Hmps. ( = decreta Fryer) (11 c) is very small, expanse only 18 to 20 mm. Forewing aldabrensis.
almost exactly coloured as in uelleburgensis, but at the base broader; hindwing, however, honey-coloured though
paler. Seychelles and West Africa.

L. minutissima B.-Bak. (11 c) is like aldabrensis, but the forewing still broader; colouring of both minutissi-
wings quite pale whitish with an ochreous gloss, hindwing still paler than forewing, almost white. Portuguese ma-

West Africa.

L. pusilana Strd. (11 d) is somewhat larger (expanse 22 mm). Wings above pale greyish-brown, with pusilana.
a very feeble yellowish reflection; marginal areas of both wings somewhat lighter. Mkalama in German East
Africa; discovered by v. D. Marwitz.

L. cuneata Strd. (11 d) is almost like a small specimen of the common European lutarella (Vol. II, cuncata.
pi. 13a). Forewing ochreous golden yellow, in the marginal area somewhat darker; hindwing dark yellow
with a blackish costal and apical area. From Bismarckburg in Togo.

Note. Numerous Eilema or llema are mentioned besides in catalogues, but they cannot be identified and mostly
do not belong to this genus. Holland, for instance, describes in ,, Psyche" Vol. 6 quite a number of lepidoptera as ,, llema",
which by the shape of the antennae and wings are no Lithosiinae at all. but belong to the Lymantriidae, such as gonophoro,
albibasalis, miserata, dreumdata, albicostata, flava, albospargata, apicaia, diluta, brunneieosta, pallida fusca, as well as flammea
Mob. with unknown patria (Madagascar?), which cannot be identified; the species mentioned as Poliosia (p. 85), however,
may be more correctly placed here.

49. Genus: Cteiaosia Hmps.

As to this genus which is very closely allied to Paradohertya we refer to Vol. X, p. 211. Beside one
Australian species and one from the Moluccas, also 2 Ethiopian ones are known.

C. psectriphora Dist. (11 d), from Pretoria, has rather exactly the same shape as Lith. phaeocraspis psedripho-
(10 k), but the wings are somewhat shorter and the colour is a bright orange-yellow. m

84

MACRO SIA; LOBILEMA; LOPHILEMA; SOZUSA; LEPISTA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

nephelistis. C. nephelistis Hmps. is somewhat smaller (expanse 30 mm); forewing more dark yolk-coloured with

a black base of the costa; behind the cell a brownish shadow extends downward to the hind-margin. Hindwing
quite pale yellow. British East Africa. Only the $ is known.

50. Genus: Macrosia Hmps.

Quite similar to the preceding genus and likewise hardly separable from Lithosia ; distinguished from
the Gtenosia by the presence of an areola. Two species are known from Eastern and Central Africa.

chalybeate. M. chalybeata Hmps. (lid) has the size of Lith. similipuncta (10k) and is also similarly coloured,

but the light yellow costal stripe reaches the apex, where it passes over into the yellow stripe of the fringe.
Hindwing more golden yellow, particularly at the margins. Mashona Land.

fumeola. M. fumeola Wkr. {= natalica Mschlr.) is quite similar, forewing brownish yellow, at the base and

in the hindmarginal area very slightly tinged with grey. Costal margin and hind-margin orange; hindwing
yellow. German East Africa to Cape Colony.

51. Genus: l^obileiiia Aur.

Recognisable by the costal margin of the d being reverted to a broad lobe which extends so far that
it covers yet a part of the cell of the forewing. The only species was discovered in 1910 on the Kilimanjaro.

conspersa. L. conspersa Aur. Expanse 40 mm. Forewing dark reddish-yellow, with thick black scales, scantily

strewn; from behind the cell-end to behind the centre of the hind-margin the dark atoms form a nebulous oblique
streak. Hindwing yellow. From Kibonota.

52. Genus: l^oplillema Aur.

Very near to the Macrosia, but the forewing without an areola. Only 2 species are known from Africa.
brunneo- L. brunneotincta Rothsch. (lid) is described as Lithosia ( Ilema ). Forewing dark, hindwing lighter

iincta. red-brown; fringe of a bright ochreous yellow. Cape Colony.

polioplaga. L. polioplaga Hmps. (= sordida Aur.) is somewhat smaller (expanse 44 mm). Hindwing much broader,

the margin rounder; recognisable by a large grey triangle in the bright red-brown forewing, the base of which
is situate below the costal margin and the vertex of which almost touches the hind-margin behind its centre.
In this grey triangle also the small cell-end spot is enclosed. East Africa.

53. Genus: Sozusa Wallgr.

Quite a number of genuine Lithosia have been described in this genus. The only certain species which
is reckoned hereto to-day, has no areola, but the 1st subcostal branch anastomoses with the costal vein. The
shows an oval scent-spot in the centre of the upper wall of the cell on the hindwing. S. heterocera Wkr. and
despecta Wkr. are indefinable insects from Cape Colony; the types do not exist any more.

scutellaia. S. scutellata Wallgr. (= dorsoglauca Wkr.) in the shape and size resembles Lith. creatoplaga (10 g);

forewing pale dark brown with a bluish reflection towards the base; at the base of the hindmargin and along
the costal margin an orange band. 32 to 36 mm. Cape Colony to Natal.

54. Genus: Lepista Wallgr. (Dyphlebia Fldr.).

This small genus neither has an areola on the forewing. The 1st subcostal branch anastomoses with
the costal vein, but soon leaves it again and terminates into the costal margin before its last quarter; the 2nd
branch terminates soon behind it, the stalk of the 3rd to 5th rises with the upper radial from the upper cell-
angle. Vein 5 is absent in the forewing and hindwing. — By an erroneous statement one species, L. pandula,
has been figured in the Indian Part; another species, arabica, occurs near the frontier of the Indian Region.
The Madagassic sanguinolenta Mab. probably scarcely belongs to this genus.

arabica. L. arabica Rbl. (11 e) distantly recalls the colouring of a Lith. lurideola or complana (Vol. II, pi. 12);

the greyish-brown forewing with yellow longitudinal stripes on the costal margin and hind-margin, which,
however, do not reach the distal margin. Hindwing yellow, at the apex broadly shaded with brown. Arabia.

POLIO SIA; TIGRIOIDES; STENILEMA ; CROCOSIA; LEPIDILEMA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

85

L. semiochrea Fldr. (11 e). Here the forewing is similar as in arabica, but the hindwing, on the contrary,
is in the basal half brown, in the distal portion yellow. Smaller than arabica. Natal.

L. pandula Bsd. (= trimenii Fldr., limbata Btlr.) (11 e) looks almost exactly like a Pseudlepista atrizona
(9 h), but the black marginal band in the apical part of the forewing is not so broad. The name of the genus
,,Pseudlepista“ alludes to this resemblance. From the Cape of Good Hope to East Africa *).

55. Genus: JPoliosia Hmps.

To this genus being otherwise purely Indo-Australian and having been dealt with in Vol. X, p. 218,
also 2 West African forms are reckoned, both of which are very small and insignificant.

P. albida Hmps. (11 e). Body and both wings quite uni-coloured pale ochreous. From Gambia.

P. nigrifrons Hmps. (11 e). Expanse the same as of albida : 18 mm. Colouring of $ the same, but
with a black frons and base of the costa. $ with a dark grey abdomen and hindwing. On the Niger and in
Camero on.

56. Genus : Tigrioldes Btlr.

This genus, all the (20) forms of which except two live in the Indo-Australian Region, is characterized
in Vol. X, p. 214.

T. termineola Hmps. (Ilf) is orange, with paler hindwings, the forewing with a dark brown marginal
band. Ashanti.

T. quadrinotata Wkr. (= bipunctigera Hmps. nec Wallgr.) is scarcely noticeably smaller, likewise
orange; forewing without the marginal band, but with 2 dark dots, one in the cell-end, the other one in the
submedian fold. Natal.

57. Genus: Stciiilemu Hmps.

With a proboscis. Palpi porrect, hardly projecting beyond the smooth frons; antennae finely serrate,
with ciliary tufts. In the forewing the 1st subcostal branch already extends from the centre of the upper cell-
wall as an anastomosis to the costal vein, the 2nd branches off far before the cell-end and goes into the costa
before the apex, the stalk of the 3 other subcostal branches rises from the upper cell-angle with the upper
radial. The cross-vein is feebly incurved. Vein 5 is absent in both wings. Only 1 species is known, very closely
allied to the Lithosia and closely approaching the palearctic region.

S. aurantiaca Hmps. almost looks like a palearctic Lith. complana (Vol. II, pi. 12 i), but the wings
(particularly the hindwings) are broader, and the costal stripe on the forewing, and the hindwing are of a
brighter yellow. According to Strand, one specimen of the Berlin Museum has on the lead-coloured surface
of the forewing a dull greenish reflection, and the hindwing is not so deep orange-yellow. Although Strand
owns that this may be the normal $ of aurantiaca, he still denominates the form ,, conditionally “ subaurantiaca ,
Abyssinia, Lake Nyassa.

58. Genus: Crocosia Hmps.

Separated from the preceding genus by the lower radial rising on a long stalk with the upper median
branch. Only 1 species from the Gold Coast.

C. phaeocraspis Hmps. (lie). Expanse 25 mm. Easily discernible by the broad black marginal
band of the forewing, in front of which there are 2 black dots. Bibionaha, Kumasi.

59. Genus: liepirfilciiia Hmps.

Entirely different from the other genera by the veins. The $ has the costal margin as far as the apex
narrowly reverted. The 2nd subcostal branch and the stalk of the three last subcostal branches anastomose,
producing an areola. The long stalk of the last radial and 1st median rises from the lower cell-angle. In the
hindwing 3 is forked with 4, 6 with 7, whilst 5 is absent. 1 species is known from East Africa.

*) The species was figured in the Indian part of this work (Vol. X, pi. 14 b), owing to an erroneous statement; its
occurrence in India is not proved and very unlikely.

semiochrea.

■pandula.

albida.

nigrifrons.

termineola.

quadrinota¬
ta ,

aurantiaca.

phaeocras¬
pis ,

86

PUSIOLA; PUSIOLANIA; PHRYGANOPSIS. By Dr. A. Seitz.

unipcctina-

ta.

celidana.

unipuncta¬

na.

flavicosta.

occidcntalis.

unipuncta¬
na .

plumosa.

unipuncta.

celt da.

cinerella.

straininea.

squamosa.

L. unipectinata Aur. Expanse 25 mm. Forewing yellowish red-brown, the basal half suffused with
dark brown, the distal margin shaded with dark brown; from behind the cell-end to directly behind the centre
of the hind-margin a dark nebulous stripe extends. Hindwing yellow. From the Kilimanjaro.

60. Genus: l*usiola Wallgr.

As to this genus, in which species with very different neurations were inserted, we refer to Vol. X, p. 214.
Beside the Australian species mentioned there 2 African ones are known to-day, which, however, are very badly
definable from the genus Phryganopsis.

P. celidana Strd. (Ilf). Forewing dull yellowish-ochreous, the distal half somewhat darker; in the
centre of the wing a minute, but distinct blackish dot. — unipunctana Strcl., though it is placed to the genus
Phryganopsis, may only be a temporal form of it; somewhat smaller and slightly paler yellow. — Also Phrygan.
unipuncta PLmps. (11 f) which, however, is palearctic is closely allied, but the small central dot of the forewing
is removed somewhat farther towards the margin; whereas in Phryg. celida (Ilf) it is removed somewhat towards
the base.

P. flavicosta Wallgr. , from Cape Colony, has the size of unipuncta, but the body and wings are dark
brown, the costa narrowly yellow,

61. Genus: l*usiolania Strd.

Neuration not different from Pusiola ; but the $ antennae have two rows of combs, the pectinations
being alternately provided with longer and shorter cilia which are at the ends very feebly widened and obliquely
stunted, terminating on one side into one minute coniform tooth each, whilst from the centre of the apex of
each tooth a strong, curved, rather long black bristle arises; the ends of these bristles are straight and parallel.
But 1 very small species.

P. occidentals Strd. (11 f) is only as large as Phr. unipuncta ; the ground-colour of the forewing is
dull yellowish greyish-brown, behind the centre of the wing 2 small black punctiform spots close above each
other. Hindwing more yellow. According to one $ from Bibundi in Cameroon, taken in November.

62. Genus: Phryganopsis Fldr.

By the neuration this genus composed of about 30 purely Ethiopian forms (except one) might be included
in the genus Lithosia which shows a very great variability in the neuration; it differs, however, from it in the
stunted proboscis.

Ph. unipunctana Strd. (11 f). The very small species exhibits dusty grey forewings very feebly tinted
with yellowish, with a fine, distinct small central dot and dingy white hindwings. Forewing beneath greyish-
blackish with yellowish margins. Cameroon.

Ph. plumosa Mab. is similar to unipunctana, but its expanse about 1 to 2 mm larger, obove greyish-
brown, with a small dark cell-end dot and a grey streak at the submedian; hindwing greyish, with a very feeble
ochreous tinge. This species is so well characterized by very strongly developed antennal pinnae of the that
it can hardly be justly placed in this genus. West and East Africa, and Madagascar.

Ph. unipuncta Hmps. (11 f) we have already mentioned in the genus Pusiola, as being closely allied
to P. celidana ; shape and marking almost exactly as in plumosa, but entirely coloured golden yellow and with
different antennae. From Southern Algeria, and therefore yet palearctic.

Ph. celida B.-Bak. (Ilf) likewise approximates Lithosia. Like an enlarged unipuncta, of a brighter
golden yellow colour; also the dark central dot of the forewing is more distinct and a little more removed into
the cell. West Africa.

Ph. cinerella Wallgr. (= zelleri Wkr.) (11 f). Described as Lithosia, also placed to Pusiola. Yolk-
coloured, the $ mostly with a more or less distinct discal dot of the forewing. Hindwing often at the margin
somewhat more intensely irrorated with brownish. From Cape Colony and Natal to the Niger and Mashona
Land.

Ph. straminea Hmps. (11 g) is hardly larger, more straw-coloured, hindwing much paler yellow. East

Africa.

Ph. squamosa B.-Bak. ( 1 1 g) is stronger, the forewing more intensely strewn with brownish atoms,
hindwing with a darker costal margin and hind-margin. Malanga in Portuguese West Africa,

PHRYGANOPSIS. By Dr. A. Seitz.

87

Pii. ochreata Hmps. (11 g) is smaller than squamosa, forewing more pale ochreo us-brown with a yellow ochre i la.
tint, at the distal margin and costa orange. Hindwing greyish-brown. Central Africa.

Ph. nyassana Strd. (11 g) is very closely allied to the preceding species; colouring more ochreous than nyassana.
in ochreata, expanse somewhat larger (25 mm). Last palpal joint jet-black. Nyassa Land.

Ph. holoxantha limps., from Portuguese East Africa, seems to be very similar to nyassana-, just as holoxantha.
large, forewing orange, with a brownish tint; hindwing light orange. Under surface uniformly orange-yellow.

Ph. interstiteola Hmps. (11 g) is very similar to the preceding ones, the forewing is more pale ochreous inlerslileo-
than orange, but the costal margin of a deeper ochreous colour, the veins somewhat lighter, so that the spaces
between them are more conspicuous, which fact is expressed by the name. Transvaal.

Ph. flavicosta Hmps. (11 g). Here the forewing is whitish-yellow, only the costa dark yellow like the flavicosia.
whole hindwing. Sierra Leone.

Ph. elongata Aur. Forewing long and narrow, quite uni-coloured yellowish red-brown. Hindwing elongaia.
ochreous. Expanse: 38 mm, thus much larger than the preceding species.

Ph. curta Rothsch. (11 h) is almost as large as dongata (expanse 32 mm), but the wings are shorter curia.
and broader, the forewing is light yellowish-grey with a yellow costal-marginal stripe; hindwing pale yellow.

Angola.

Ph. albescens Aur. (11 h) is lighter yellow, forewing almost whitish-yellow, feebly strewn with a darker albescens.
colour. In front of the marginal area a dark nebulous stripe from the hind-margin to behind the cell. Hindwing
pale yellow. Shape and size similar to curta. East Africa.

Ph. jaundeana Strd. (11 h). Exterior recalling that of a $ of (Jeon, quadra, dull honey-coloured with jaundeana.
black dots at the costa and in the submedian area of the forewing; probably near to eningae (10 b). Cameroon.

10b.

Ph. costimacula Mob. ( quadripunctata Rothsch.) is widely distributed in West Africa. Quite costimacula.
similar to jaundeana, but much smaller (expanse 34 mm, of jaundeana 40 mm). The body beneath being blackish
in jaundeana is here lighter. — In typical specimens the forewing is of a rather bright orange-yellow, whereas
in the still smaller (expanse 24 to 30 mm) form decipiens Holl., from the Ogowe, the ground-colour of the decipiens.
forewing is dull, reddish-yellow.

Ph. loloana Strd. (11 h) is likewise similar to the preceding species, but both wings are uniformly loloana.
dull yellowish- white ; the two dots on the forewing are equally large and the upper one a little removed under
the costal margin, though not so far as in Lithosia distigmata (10 a) which the species resembles otherwise.

$ and $ only distinguished by a slight difference in size. Cameroon.

Ph. asperatella Wkr. (11 h) looks like a small specimen of loloana, but the forewing is irrorated with asperatella.
a greyish brown; hindwing more yellow, and the costal dot of the forewing touches the costal margin, whereas
in loloana it is somewhat removed from it. — sordida Fldr. is a very large form (expanse 37 mm) with sulphur- sordid a.
coloured hindwings and drab forewings which exhibit a dark transverse stripe from the centre of the costal
margin to the centre of the hind-margin, instead of the two dots. Cape Colony, Nigeria. — subasperatella Strd.
is a name only given ,, conditionally “ if certain specimens found in Natal should not prove to be genuine asperatella.

Ph. tessmanniana Strd. (11 i) is still smaller than the preceding ones (expanse only 19 mm); forewing tessmannia-
on the yellowish-grey ground shaded with a dark brown, the two dots of the forewing as in asperatella. Hindwing nn-

greyish-brown. According to Strand the species, by the neuration, forms a transition from Phryganopsis to
Lithosia. Spanish Guinea.

Ph. nigrapex Strd. (lli), from Cameroon, is larger, forewing dark greyish-brown, the two dots on nigrapex.
the forewing distinctly blackish-brown, but also the margin of the forewing particularly at the apex blackish-
brown; hindwing dark yellowish-brown.

Ph. flavifrontella Strd. (11 i) is almost like the preceding ones, but in the forewing there are, instead
of the black dots, small transverse streaks which almost touch each other and are situate more in the centre
of the wing than beyond it. Hindwing light brownish-grey, towards the costal margin darker. Spanish Guinea.

Ph. hemiphaea Hmps., from LTganda, differs from flavifrontella in the hindwing and the costal-marginal
portion of the forewing being yellow, and instead of the two dots of the forewing a broad dark postmedian
transverse stripe extends through the forewing.

Ph. ilemimorpha Strd. (11 i). Head, thorax, and forewing greyish-brown. A scarcely (in one specimen
almost not at all) visible dark transverse stripe extends in front of the marginal area through the forewing.
Hind wing grey with a yellow tint. Cameroon.

Ph. amaurobapha Mob. (lli). If I am not mistaken in the specimen of the Berlin Museum figured
here, it must be very near to this species. On the dark brownish-grey forewing which is densely irrorated with

flaviirontel-

la.

hemiphaea .

ilemimor¬

pha.

amauroba¬

pha.

88

HYPSINAE; AGANAIS. By M. Gaede.

monotonia.

cl iota.

atrescens.

speciosa.

sultretracta.

undulifera.

haumannia-

na.

unicolor.

a darker colour, an oblique nebulous streak extends from a small costal spot behind the centre of the costal
margin to behind the cell-end, where it is hardly noticeably angular and continued to the centre of the hind-
margin. This specimen is from West Africa; the species has been described from Madagascar.

Ph. monotonia Strd. (11 i). Expanse only about 19 mm; body and wings uni-coloured dark grey with
a dull brownish tint, hindwing scarcely lighter than forewing. Cameroon.

Pll. chota Swh. is still smaller (14 to 18 mm), likewise quite greyish-brown, but the forewing with
a whitish costal margin. Teita in British East Africa; also known from Poona in India.

Ph. atrescens Hmps. (11 i), from Cape Colony (Grahamstown), is the same, but the costa of the forewing
with a thick yellow marginal stripe, the fringes of both wings honey-coloured, and the anal half of the hindwing
lighter yellow.

III. Subfamily: Hypsinae.

The African Hypsinae, about 50 forms of which have been described, closely approximate the Indian
Hypsinae. Particularly the species of Aganais, as a comparison with plate 27 of Vol. X shows, could be without
difficulty inserted in their Indian allies in the group of the caricae- forms. Many Hypsinae belong also in Africa
to the more common and conspicuous nocturnal lepidoptera. They are easily roused in daytime by a slight
beating on the bushes, whereupon they fly about for a while in a somewhat Callimorpha- like flight, in order to
alight again in the thicket. The real swarming-time, however, seems to be the night, as the Hypsinae number
among those lepidoptera that come to the lights in the greatest numbers. According to Tessmann, Aganais
speciosa, as well as Sarrothroceras came to the lantern in the evening and behaved exactly like certain Calli-
morphinae which are taken flying in daytime and also at night on the lantern.

As for the little number of larvae known, they have very little in common with the Lithosiinae to which
the imagines were formerly always systematically annexed. According to Snellen there are certain similarities
of the Hypsinae- larvae with Euchelia, but this can only refer to the belt-marking of some Indian species, such
as Asota plana and Peridrome (Aganopis) orbicularis . His comparison with the larvae of Callimorpha seems
to me to be more felicitous, since they exhibit in fact a certain resemblance with the larvae of Hypsinae, in
the shape more than in the colouring. But some Hypsinae differ again from the larvae of Callimorpha in
exhibiting a dorsal raising on the 4th and 1 1th rings, as for instance in Asota egens and caricae.

We have already mentioned in Vol. VI, p. 422, that the Hypsinae of the eastern hemisphere in general
correspond to the Anaxita of Tropical America (A. Seitz.)

Hypsinae.

Proboscis well developed. Palpi long, partly very long. In the forewing there is almost invariably an accessory cell,
in the hindwing vein 8 rises separately, but it is mostly connected with the cell by a fillet. Separated from the genuine
Arctiinae by the separate vein 8 in the hindwing, which only in some genera shortly touches the cell: from the Lyman-
triidae by the presence of the proboscis.

1. Genus: Aganais Bsd.

Antennae of <$ long-combed. Third palpal joint very long. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 + 9 are forked,
10 forming with 7 an accessory cell. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 rise separately, 8 connected with the cell
by a fillet. Type: borbonica Bsd,.

A. speciosa Drury (17 a). Body orange-yellow, abdomen above often with black dots. Forewing
at the base orange, in front as far as the base of vein 2, below the cell only half as far. Therein some black
dots. The greatest part of the wing is dark brown, the veins therein finely yellow. Many forms derive their
names from the colour of the hindwing. Typical speciosa (mostly $) has purely white hindwings and sometimes
at the distal margin below vein 2 a black angle. — subretracta Wlcr. (= aphidas Hpffr.) (also mostly $) has
uni-coloured yellow hindwings. — In undulifera Wlcr. the distal margin is broadly black, only towards the anal
angle narrower. This form may have a white or yellow hindwing. — In baumanniana Karsch (17 a) the band
very slightly recedes from the distal margin and often stops already at vein 4. Only known in the yellow form.
— Very different is unicolor Bothsch. in which both wings are orange-yellow. By the forewing being more intensely
dotted black and the distal margin being dark below it is separated from the otherwise similar borbonica -$.
Probably conspicua Swh. is only a synonym of unicolor. 50 to 65 mm. Sierra Leone, Cameroon, Spanish Guinea,
Natal. East Africa.

Publ. 28. VI. 1926.

PHAEGORISTA; HYPSIFORMA. By M. Gaede.

89

A. comoraila Aur. (17 a) is similar to subretracta. The basal area of the forewing is reddish-orange, comorana.
also the distal area is somewhat more reddish. Beneath orange, apical area not dark as in the forms of
speciosa. $ 60 mm. Comoro Is.

A. diastropha Prout. Body orange. Forewing tan-colourecl, at the base orange, but not distinctly diaslropha.
defined. The cellular spot shows through from beneath. Hindwing also with a black spot. 55 mm. from
Madagascar.

A. concolora Swh. Ochreous brown. Hindwing and under surface somewhat lighter. Wings and concolora.
body without black spots. All the tarsi are black. $ 55 mm. Madagascar.

A. borbonica Bsd. (= insularis BscL., jodamia H.-Schdff., antica Wkr., stipata Wkr.) (17 a, b). Thorax borbonica.
and abdomen above orange-red, abdomen mostly more intensely black-spotted than in the other species.

Forewing (<$) in the basal area orange-red. Distal area and hindwing dark brown. Costal margin of hindwing
and the cell, and very narrowly the hind-margin orange-red. Beneath both wings are orange-red with a very
broad black distal margin. $ orange-yellow; above without any marking, beneath with a black spot at the
cross- vein of the forewing. 50 to 65 mm. Madagascar.

A. concinnula Mob. (Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1875) is compared by the author with Spilosoma and Rhodogastria. Forewing
yellow with black spots. Hindwing white- hyaline, a little suffused with orange. Size not stated; it may be an Arctiid. -
chionea Mob. Forewing red-brown, veins grey. Hindwing hyaline white, at the margin brownish. Size not stated; it is not
to be ascertained whereto it belongs.

2. Genus: Phaegorista B.sd.

Palpi very long and thin. Veins of forewing as in Aganais. In the hindwing the veins 6 and 7 rise from
the same place. Vein 8 slightly touches the cell near the base. Type: agaristoides Bsd.

Group I. Antennae of the $ strongly pectinate.

Ph. similis Wkr. (= helcitoides Dew.) (17 b). Wings orange-red. Forewing in the apical third black similis.
with a white subapical band and a round white spot before the anal angle. Hindwing with a narrow black
margin. Sometimes the ground-colour in the forewing is reduced to a large triangle by an extension of the
apical band. 60 to 68 mm. Cameroon, Togo, Gold Coast.

Ph. agaristoides Bsd. (17 c). Forewing blackish-brown. At the base a large triangular white spot, agaristoi-
A large subapical band and a round spot above the anal angle are white. Hindwing as in similis, but the
fringe less intensely spotted. — interrupta Bird. (17 b) has orange-yellow instead of white markings, the triangle
being strongly flattened; ab. albomaculata Strd. is a white interrupta.

Ph. formosa Btlr. On the forewing the triangular spot is darker, the subapical spot semicircular, orange,
the small spot at the anal angle also triangular. Probably only a form of agaristoides. 60 mm. Lake Nyassa.

Ph. bicurvata .sp. n. resembles agaristoides , but the forewing is more pointed, similar to similis. Ground- bicurvata.
colour darker, marking white. A long narrow streak below the cell as in interrupta, and besides a short lentiform
one in the cell. The subapical spot is curved S-like, at the anal angle there is no spot. Fringe below the
apex, at vein 2 and 1, white. Hindwing narrowly margined with black. 68 to 75 mm. North-West Cameroon.

Ph. falkensteini Dew. is an Agaristid, = poggei-Q (vol. 15, p. 2, pi. lb).

des.

interrupta.

albomacu-

tata.

formosa.

Group II. Antennae of the f i 1 i f o r m.

Ph. leuconielas H.-Schdff. (17 c). Thorax black, abdomen with black and white rings, at the end red. leucomelas.
Forewing blackish-brown. A triangular spot in and below the cell and an oblong subapical spot are yellowish-
white. Hindwing of a pure white with an almost uniformly broad blackish-brown margin. 40 mm. Togo,

Senegal.

Ph. xanthosoma Pimps. (17 c). Base of palpus and anterior coxae orange. Abdomen orange with xantlwso-
interrupted black rings, apex not red. The apical spot of the forewing is more stretched. The spots are of a ma’

purer white. 45 to 50 mm. East Africa, Rhodesia.

Ph. rubriventris Aur. is smaller, otherwise similar to xanthosoma. Abdomen above black with some ruhriveniris.
white scales, beneath red. 37 mm. South Cameroon.

3. Genus: Mypsiforma ( Oberth . ind.)

Palpi as long as in Aganais. Antennae of <$ bipectinate. Veins of forewing as in Aganais, of hindwing
as in Phaegorista.

H. lambertoni Oberth. (17 c). Thorax and forewing pale yellow. Thorax at the end blackish. Forewing lambertoni.
at the costal margin and above the hind-margin as far as behind the cell strewn with black dots. Cell-end

XIV

12

90

PARAPLOCIA; SOLOE; SOLOELLA; DIGAMA. By M. Gaede.

marked dark . A strong black subapical spot is mostly distinct. Hindwing orange, above the anal angle irrorated
with black. 55 to 60 mm. Madagascar.

4. Genus: Paraploeia Am.

Antennae of with short double pectinations. Second joint of palpus long. Apex of abdomen in the
d' thickened. In the forewing vein 6 rises below the upper cell-angle, veins 8 + 9+10 being forked. No
accessory cell. In the hindwing veins 4 and 5 rise from the lower, 6 and 7 from the upper angle. Vein 8 near
the base connected with the cell by a fillet.

imparepunc- P. iniparepunctata Oberth. (17 d). Body and wings dark orange. Forewing in the cell with a round

tato,. piacp spot and on the hindwing a larger one on the cross-vein. Eorewing behind the cell darker. In the $
besides on the forewing with a black spot on the cross-vein. 52 mm. Comoro Is.

5. Genus: Sxoloe Wkr.

Antennae of d bipectinate, palpi long, apex of abdomen in the d thickened. In the forewing veins
8 + 9 + 10 are forked; no accessory cell. In the hindwing vein 5 rises above the cell-angle, veins 6 + 7 on
a short fork, 8 near the base and nearing the cell. Type: trigutta Wkr.

trigutta. S. trigutta Wkr. (17 d). Thorax brownish-yellow, abdomen of a purer orange. Forewing at the costal

and distal margins pale brown, otherwise lighter, diaphanous. At the base an orange spot. Hindwing brownish
white, diaphanous. On both wings a black spot at the cross-vein, on the forewing another one in the centre
of the cell, 28 to 38 mm. Cameroon, Gabun, Congo, Spanish Guinea, Central Africa.

fumipennis. S. fumipemiis Hmps. is similar to trigutta. Wings darker. Last palpal joint, antennae and legs brown.

45 mm. Gazaland.

tripunctata. S. tripunctata Dre. (17 d). Body and wings orange, the latter centrally somewhat hyaline. Marking

as in trigutta.

6, Genus: gen. nov.

Palpi long. Antennae of d very long-combed. Apex of abdomen in the d not thickened. In the forewing
veins 7 + 8 + 9 are forked, 10 forming with 7 an accessory cell. In the hindwing as in Soloe, but vein 8
connected with the cell by a fillet.

guttivaga. S. guttivaga Wkr. (= tosola Plotz) (17 d). Colouring and shape similar to S. trigutta. Distal area

as far as near the cell often very brownish. In the forewing a black spot at the cell-end and below vein 2.
In the hindwing one in the hindmarginal fold. On the under surface 2 more small ones near the costal margin.
32 to 40 mm. Cameroon, Gabun, Congo, Fernando-Po, Lake Albert.

7. Genus: Dlgailia Mr. (Sommeria Hbn.).

Palpi long and thin. Antennae of d long-combed. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 + 9 are forked, 10
forming with 7 an accessory cell. In the hindwing vein 5 rises above the lower cell-angle, 6 and 7 from one
and the same place. Vein 8 shortly touches the cell. Type: hearseyana Moore from India. — - Cf. Vol. 10,
p. 234.

spilosoma. D. spilosoma Fldr. (17 e). Thorax white, abdomen orange. Forewing white with black basal spots

and 3 dentate black bands. Distal margin of a paler brown, irregularly bordered by the third band. Hindwing
whitish-grey with a dark grey margin. 32 to 40 mm. Transvaal, Natal, Cape Colony.

elongata. D. elongata Swh. Forewing comparatively long. Body and wings white. Forewing with blackish-

brown bands. The innermost band at 1/5 of the length of the wing, at the costal margin connected with
the second band which extends from the centre of the costal margin to % of the hind-margin. The third close
below the costal margin, then indistinctly onward. Before the distal margin prolonged spots. The whole marking
is dentate, irregular. Hindwing white with a broad grey margin. 36 mm. East Africa.

sagittata. O. sagiffafa sp. n. (17 e). Head and thorax white with black spots. Abdomen orange with black dorsal

and lateral dots. Palpi, tibiae, tarsi I and II with black and white rings. Forewing white, at the base a
number of black dots, as in D. spilosoma. The proximal band and distal band are strongly dentate. On the

DIGAMA. By M. Gaede.

91

median vein, vein 1 and at the hind-margin their apices touch each other. In the cell and at its lower angle
one black spot each. Behind the cell an 8-shaped marking. Before the distal margin obsolete spots. Hindwing
orange. 38 mm. Madagascar. Type in the Berlin Museum.

D. sinuosa Hmps. Thorax white, abdomen yellow, both with black spots. Forewing white. A black sinuosu.
basal spot at the costal margin and one below the cell. At the hind-margin a larger one and 2 small ones.

Irregular spots at the centre of the costal margin with ramifications towards the hind-margin and towards
the grey marginal stripe being proximally edged with black. Hindwing pale yellow with blackish-brown marginal
spots (cJ), or a similar band ($). 42 mm. Natal.

D. septempunetata Hmps. (17 e). Thorax white, abdomen above yellow. Forewing creamy- white septempunc-
with a black dot at the base, 2 in the cell, 2 on the cross-vein, one each above and below the cell. Hindwing iaia-

yellow. 35 mm. Rodriguez.

D. nepheloptera Hmps. (17 e). Thorax white, abdomen yellow with black spots. Forewing brownish nephelopte-
white. Marking similar to spilosoma. It deviates by the marginal area in the forewing being somewhat darker ra-

than the ground-colour and narrowed down to a dot at the apex. The two proximal bands of spilosoma
are combined forming a median band. Hindwing white with a slight yellow hue. 35 mm. Transvaal.

D. strabonis Hmps. (17 e). Thorax white, abdomen pale yellow. Forewing white with black basal strabonis.
spots and a dentate H-shaped median band. The black dentate subterminal line defines a brownish distal
area. Before it 2 black spots being often fused with the bands. Hindwing whitish-yellow, margin blackish-
brown. 40 mm. Transvaal, Cape Colony.

D. culta Hbn. (= marmorata Wkr.) (17 f). Somewhat like strabonis. Thorax and ground-colour culta.
of forewing pale brown, marking dark brown. Separated from strabonis by the orange hindwing. At the apex
mostly somewhat dark brown. 30 to 36 mm. Transvaal, Delagoa Bay, Natal.

D. africana Swh. (17 f). Thorax greyish-wliite, abdomen orange. Forewing greyish-brown with a africana.
creamy white marking. A straightly cut-off basal spot with small brown dots. Two central spots separated
or united. The distal band likewise often very much reduced. In the cell, on the cross- vein and vein 5 black
dots. Hindwing orange, at the apex blackish-brown. 25 to 30 mm. East Africa.

D. aganais Fldr. (17 f). Thorax and forewing greyish-brown with a black cellular dot and obsolete aganais.
bands. Abdomen and hindwing orange-reddish. 40 mm. South Africa. — daressalamica Strd. is smaller, daressala-
Another black dot on the cross- vein. Around the cellular dot and behind the cell traces of somewhat paler mica.
bands. Hindwing of a purer orange. The distal margin is almost invariably blackish-brown as far as vein 3.

East Africa, Togo. 35 mm. - — albicosta Pagst. Forewing pale yellow. At the costal margin 3 white spots, the albicosta.
last near the apex somewhat triangular. One black dot each in the centre of the cell and at the cell-end. An
indistinct undulate brown submarginal line. Hindwing golden yellow. 40 mm. North East Africa, Togo.

D. budonga B.-Bak. (17 f). Thorax grey, abdomen yellow. Forewing with an extensive blackish budonga.
marking. At the base somewhat grey, behind it a black spot in the cell. The distal band is broad, spotted,
more or less connected with the subterminal dentate line. Dark marginal dots. Hindwing pale orange. 35 mm.

East Africa, Lake Nyassa, Gold Coast.

In the two following species the ^ antennae are dentate.

D. meridionalis Swh. Similar to budonga (17 f). Thorax and forewing dark grey. Forewing with meridiona-
black spots at the costal margin, besides 3 spots in the cell, 2 behind them. A median and distal straight band O' s .

below the cell ; behind it a bent, strongly dentate band and dents at the distal margin. Abdomen and hindwing
yellow. 40 mm. Johannesburg.

D. ostentata Dist. (17 g). Thorax and forewing greyish-brown, costal margin whitish with black dots, ostentata.

2 of which are at the costal margin near the base, 1 above the centre of the cell. One each on the centre of
the median vein and at the cross-vein, between them a double dot at the costal margin. A dentate distal white
line below vein 5 strongly incurved. Marginal area darker. Hindwing yellowish- white. 40 mm. Bechuanaland.

In the1 two following species the <$ antennae are plain.

D. (?) costimacula Swh. (17 f). Thorax and forewing smoky grey. Abdomen greyish pink. Forewing costimacula.
with 3 white almost cpiadrangular subcostal spots. Hindwing yellow with a blackish-brown margin. 30 mm.

Gold Coast.

D. (?) lithosioides Swh. (17 f). Thorax and forewing ochreous-grey. Veins distinctly grey. Hindwing lithosioidcs.
and abdomen dark ochreous. 50 mm. Kilimanjaro. According to a photo kindly given to me by the British
Museum, the species does not look 1 ike a Digama at all, but is somewhat similar to H ypsi forma lambertoni
Oberth.

92

GODASA; SAROTHROCERAS ; ILEMODES. By M. Gaede.

8. Genus: Gotfasa Wkr.

Palpi shorter than in the other genera. Antennae of 3 filiform. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 t
are forked, vein 10 forming with 7 an accessory cell. In the hindwing vein 5 is more feebly developed and
rises on the centre of the cross-vein, for which reason the genus would have to be placed to the Agaristidae.
On the other hand vein 8 is connected with the cell by a fillet, as in typical Hypsidae, and the marking of the
forewing recalls that of some species of Aganais. Type : sidae F .

sidae. G. sidae F. (= dimidiata F., maculatrix Wkr., mecynoides Mob.) Thorax and forewing greyish-

brown, body lemon-coloured with black spots. Distal half of forewing dark brown with light veins. In the
light proximal part dark dots, the distal area crossed by a yellowish dentate line and a subapical line. Hindwing
orientis. lemon-coloured, distal margin broadly bluish-black. 34 to 40 mm. Cameroon, Eernando Po, Congo. — orientis
Brtl. (17 g). Ground-colour of forewing much lighter, marking also lighter. Larger. 54 mm. East Africa.

rufodiscalis. G. rufodiscalis Rothsch. (18 a) differs much in the shape of the wings and the marking. Thorax and

forewing chocolate-brown with small blue dots below the costal margin, on the cross-vein and in the hindmarginal
foild. Before the distal margin small white dots. Hindwing black with an orange central spot af far as the
hnd-margin. Abdomen at the base black, otherwise orange. 40 mm. Madagascar.

9. Genus: Sarothroceras Mab.

This genus still more deviates from the other Hypsidae than the preceding genus, for which reason
it is also often placed beside it as a separate group. Palpi long and laterally compressed, first and second joints
hairy. Veins in the forewing: vein 6 rises somewhat below the upper cell-angle, veins 7 + 8 + 9 forked, 10
forming with 7 the accessory cell. In the hinclwing veins 3 and 4 rise from the lower cell-angle, 6 and 7 from
the upper cell-angle. Vein 5 from the centre of the cross-vein, both being somewhat feebler than in other
genera. Vein 8 but slightly touches the cell near the base. Type: pallida Drc.

pallida. S. pallida Drc. (=■ alluaudi Mab.) (17 g). Body and forewing dark reddish-brown. Above the hind-

margin a large triangular blackish-brown spot the apex of which touches the lower cell-angle. Behind it a
somewhat rectangular subapical spot. Above vein 2 as far as this spot more or less white. Erom the distal
margin of the spot a dentate white line extends to the hind-margin close in front of the anal angle. Hindwing
carmine, more rarely yellow, with a broad blackish-brown margin. 48 to 55 mm. West Africa.

rhomboidea. S. rhomboidea Weym. (17 g) is very similar to pallida. In the forewing outside the brown triangle

above the hind-margin a comparatively narrow white stripe extends to the hind-margin. If it is defined by
tessmanni. a- dentate line, the latter is situate more proximad than in pallida. Hindwing not different. — tessmanni Gaede
(17 g) probably belongs to this species. Outside the large triangle and at its edge somewhat lighter. Where
sordidus. the white band otherwise terminates, we notice traces of a dentate line. — sordidus Rothsch. The white band
is narrow, but it reaches the hind-margin. The yellow hindwing is very much darkened. 50 to 55 mm.
West Africa.

IV. Subfamily: Micrarctiinae.

As has already been stated in Vol. II, p. 71, this family comprises those genera of the Arctiid tribe representing
the transitions from the genuine Arctia to the Lithosiinae or Callimorphinae, such as the XJtefheisa and Coscinia whit Lithosiid
characters, the Phragmatobia, as a transition to the Spilosominae etc. — The Argina leading over to the Callimorphinae are
here already inserted in that group. In Ethiopian Africa most of the genera of this chiefly palearctic group are entirely absent.
Of the genus Ocnogyna which in the North African Fauna is distinguished by its large forms and by its great number of
individuals, not one species occurs to the south of the Sahara. (Seitz.)

1. Genus: Uemotles Hmps.

Antennae of 3 bipectinate. Eorewing narrow, hindwing large. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 and 9 + 10
are forked. In the hindwing veins 4 + 5 and 6 + 7 are forked. Type: heterogyna Hmps.

heterogyna. I. heterogyna Hmps. (12 a). Head and thorax white, abdomen orange. Forewing (3) changing from

yellowish-brown to violettish-brown, at the hind-margin below vein 1 white. Hindwing orange. Both wings
with a black central spot. Forewing of the $ silvery white, at the hind-margin above vein 1 blackish-brown.
40 mm. Natal, Cape Colony.

UTETHEISA; AXIOPAENIELLA; CARCINARCTIA. By M. Gaede.

93

I. astriga Hmps . (12 a). Forewing also in the $ silvery white, at the costal margin narrowly orange, aslriga.
at the base blackish. Forewing of $ with a black central dot. 40 mm. Transvaal, Natal.

2. Genus: Utetheisa Hbn.

Antennae of the dentate. Forewing narrow, hindwing large. Veins of forewing: vein 6 below the
upper cell-angle, veins 7 + 8 + 9 forked, 7 forming with 10 an accessory cell. In the hindwing all the veins
are separate, veins 7 and 6 rising somewhat separately. Type : bella L. from America. — Cf. Vol. II, p. 73 ; Vol. VI,
p. 300; Vol. N, p. 260.

Group I. Hindwing of $ with

a hind marginal fold
upper surface.

and a hair-penci

o n

the

U. data F. (= venusta Hbn., formosa Bsd.) (12 a). Head and thorax white with black spots. Forewing
black with hemochrome, white-edged spots and a white band from the centre of the costal margin towards
the anal angle. Hindwing white with a black margin which is narrower at the anal angle. — diva Mob. with
few red spots on the forewing. The marginal band of the hindwing is very broad. 38 to 45 mm. Madagascar.

U. fatua Heyn. (13 d). Thorax almost entirely black. Forewing only at the costal margin and distal
margin with a few red, not white-edged spots. The white central spot is similar to that of elata. Hindwing
with a uniformly broad black margin. — mediomaculata Strd. exhibits on the outside of the white band another
red spot. — In devittata Strd. the band is stunted, the red spots at the costal margin are diminished. 44 mm.
East Africa.

U. lactea. Head, thorax, and forewing yellowish-white. Abdomen and hindwing white with a black
apex. - — aldabrensis Fletcher on the forewing with black and red spots. — nigrosignata Fletcher has almost only
black spots, rubrosignata almost only red spots. — lactea Btlr. (12 b) has no markings on the forewings. 38 mm.
Madagascar, Seychelle Is.

U. cruentata Btlr. (12 b). On the thorax and forewing the places being white in elata are yellow.
40 mm. Mauritius.

U. pulchelloides Hmps. (12 b) is separated from pulchella L. by its whiter forewing with but few
red dots, mostly at the costal margin. Hindwing not different, excepting the hair-pencil of the <+ 38 mm.
Seychelle Is. and in the Indo- Australian districts.

elata.

diva.

fatua.

mediomacu¬

lata.

devittata.

aldabrensis.

nigrosigna¬

ta.

rubrosigna¬

ta.

lactea.

cruentata.

'pulchelloi¬

des.

Group II. H i n d w i n g of $ without a hair-pencil.

U. pulchella L. has already been dealt with in the Palearctic Part Vol. II, p. 73 and pi. 13 k. Thorax pulchella.
yellowish, abdomen white. Forewing white with small black dots in 4 curved rows and between them some
red dots. Hindwing white with an irregular black margin. 30 to 36 mm. Everywhere in Africa.

U. callima Swh. (12 a). Forewing yellowish. The red spots flown together in 5 bands. Hindwing callima.
with a black streak on the cross-vein and a uniformly broad black margin. - dilutior Bothsch. (12 a). The red dilutior.
bands are more or less broken up into spots. On the hindwing the marginal band is more irregular, similar
to pulchella. 45 mm. Central and East Africa; Congo.

3. Genus: AxiopaciBiella Strd.

Antennae of the $ with short tufted dents. Forewing somewhat broader than in the preceding genera,
without a retinaculum. Veins as in Utetheisa. Type: laymerisa Grand.

A. laymerisa Grand (= occultans Voll.) (12 b). Head whitish, thorax red-brown, abdomen orange laymerisa.
with black margins. Forewing red-brown with a black proximal and distal band formed by few spots, and a
spot on the cross-vein. Hindwing dark pink with a black median spot and marginal band. 40 mm. Madagascar.

A. lasti Bothsch. (12 b). Head, thorax and forewing dark brown. Abdomen and hindwing red. The lasti.
marking as in laymerisa , only the marginal band at the apex of the hindwing somewhat broader. 40 mm.
Madagascar.

4. Genus: Carciiiarctla Hmps.

Proboscis absent, palpi short. Head, thorax, and abdomen densely haired. Antennae of $ long-combed.
Anterior tibiae with a claw on the inside and outside. Wings broad. Veins of forewing : vein 3, 4 and 5 separate,
veins 7 + 8 + 9 forked, between 7 and 10 an accessory cell. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 on a short fork.
Type: metamelaena Hmps.

9 4

PHLYGTAENOGASTRA; PHRAGMATOBIA ; SPILOSOMINAE. By M. Gaede.

metamelae-

na.

laeliodes.

clarissima.

rangei.

nnsorgei.

parvula.

C. metamelaena Hmps. (12 b). Head and thorax blackish-brown. Abdomen orange-red with black
sublateral spots. $ forewing red-brown, irrorated with a darker colour, with 3 dark bands, the most proximal
one of which is more sharply angled. Hindwing black. At the base, hind-margin, and the narrow distal margin
orange-reddish. $ forewing carmine with a distinct black spot at the cross- vein and one behind it. Hindwing
pale orange with a black median spot and some submarginal spots. — An alpine form, $ (Lake Kiwu, 3000 m)
with a lighter forewing and orange hindwing showing a large median spot and some submarginal ones. 35 to
42 mm. East Africa.

C. laeliodes Hmps. is probably only an alpine form of the preceding. Head and thorax brownish-
red, abdomen red with black margins. Forewing carmine, irrorated with brown, with an indistinct black spot
behind the cell. Hindwing pale red, with a spot on the cross-vein and behind it. — clarissima form. nov. (12 c).
Head, thorax and forewing reddish-orange, abdomen red. ""Forewing irrorated with reddish, particularly on
the veins. Hindwing pink with black median and marginal spots. 35 mm. Ruanda (East Africa).

5. Genus: IMilyctaenogastra Gaede.

More slender than Carcinarctia. Head, thorax, and abdomen with woolly hair. On the anterior tibiae
claws on the inside and outside. Hind tibiae with terminal spurs. $ antennae long-combed. Veins of forewing
as in Carcinarctia. In the hindwing veins 3, 4 and 5 are somewhat separate, veins 6 -f- 7 on a short fork. On
the thorax beneath there are vesicles.

Ph. rangei Gaede (12 c). Head and abdomen orange-red. Thorax dark brown. Forewing brownish-
pink with 4 strongly dentate black lines and a dentate marginal line. Hindwing light carmine with a black
luna on the cross-vein and a dentate subterminal band. 27 mm. South-West Africa.

6. Genus: Pliragmatobia Steph.

Proboscis short, palpi as long as the head, long-haired. Head, thorax, and abdomen hairy. Tibiae
with short spurs. In the forewing veins 7 -j- 8 -f- 9 + 10 are forked. Veins 3, 4, 5 in both wings somewhat
separate. Type: fidighiosa L. — Cf. Vol. II, p. 79, and Vol. VI, p. 301.

Ph. ansorgei Jord. ($). Thorax reddish-yellow, abdomen red. Forewing orange-red, distally orange-
yellow. Five subbasal spots with a yellow margin, a spot on the cross- vein large, curved, faded small submarginal
spots. Hindwing similarly coloured, with black submarginal spots. 40 mm. Angola.

Ph. parvula Fldr. (12 c). Thorax and forewing pale brown. Head and costal margin of forewing
carmine. Central spot and the distal broad band dark brown. Hindwing carmine. At the hind-margin and
a submarginal band black, the central spot also black. 28 mm. Cape Colony; Felder stated it by mistake
from India.

V. Subfamily: Spilosominae.

This subordinate group with more than 70 African forms known supplies the chief contingent of the Ethiopian Arctiine
Fauna. Their wings being almost without exception white, pale sand-coloured or neutrally coloured, the Spilosoma excellently
fit into the Ethiopian Heterocera, where they are entirely submerged in The host of white moths being particularly often
represented in immense numbers by the Lymantriidae. In a number of Ethiopian Spilosoma also the abdomen, which otherwise
in this genus mostly exhibits an orange or hemochrome warning colour, is neutrally coloured. The separation of the genera
has been very difficult, since the neuration does not offer any help with the Arctiidae. Thereby partly immense collective
genera were produced (such as Spilosoma , = Diacrisia Hmps.) with more than 300 denominated forms, partly the genera are
geographically divided in so unfavourable a manner, that it is utterly impossible to reduce them to a correct geographical
system; so for instance 1 Ethiopian species (ochthoeba) would belong to the purely American genus Turuptiana, whilst the
American echo would stand by the side of half a dozen Ethiopian forms, as the only western Seirarctia. Such zoogeographical
curious facts of course sometimes occur; but if they occur with such a remarkable frequency as in the Arctiidae, we are
inclined to suspect that some mistakes have been made in the principles of division. In the same way as in the mostly North
African genus Ocnogyna, beside 30 purely palearctic forms, one single form is said to occur in Peru (cf. Vol. VI, p. 301),
the species of the genera H yphantria, Antarctia etc. are said to be partly Ethiopian, partly American, but not to occur elsewhere.
Not remarkable, however, is a vast range of cosmopolitically occurring genera in Africa, such as Spilosoma which, in a similar
way as the Utetheisa being common in all the warmer countries, also enliven the African Fauna. The Ethiopian Spilosominae
in most of the districts occur in immense numbers. According to Tessmann, their larvae are in the West African plantations
the most common’ bear- caterpillars, occurring throughout the year, the imagines frequently sitting on the trunks of palm-
trees. (Seitz.)

Note: If the head and thorax are of the same colour, which is mostly the case, only the thorax is mentioned in
the description. In most of the species there are also lateral spots, if there are black dorsal spots. This has also been left out
in the descriptions for the sake of abbreviation.

SPILOSOMA. By M. Gaede.

95

1. Genus: &|>ilosoma Steph.

Proboscis stunted, palpi moderately long. Head and thorax hairy. Forewing broad. Neuration: vein
3, 4 and 5 near together, vein 6 sometimes below the upper cell-angle, veins 7 -j- 8 + 9 + 10 forked. Tibiae
hairy, anterior tibiae without claws, hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Type: lubricipeda Esp. — This genus
contains a vast number of species of a rather different exterior, which other authors have divided into numerous
genera. In arranging the species we have almost completely followed the order chosen by Hampson. Cf. Vol. II,
p. 87; Vol. VI, p. 307; Vol. X, p. 238 (as Diacrisia).

Group I. Antennae of the bipectinate.

White species, mostly with a marking composed of black dots.

S. pundulafa Wallgr. (= nivaria nyassana Brtl., auricinctum Btlr.) (12 c). White. Head and tegulae punclulata.
margined with yellow, with black dots. Abdomen above orange with black spots. Forewing and hindwing white,
with black dots similar as in menthastri Esp. (Vol. II, pi. 15 f). 28 to 32 mm. East Africa, Nyassa, Tanganyika Ter.

S. niicrosticta Hmps. (12 c) may be an extreme form of the preceding species. Forewing with a proxi- microsticta.
mal and median row of fine black dots. Abdomen without black dots on the centre of the dorsum. 36 mm.

Niger District.

S. cincticorpus Hmps. (12 c). Abdomen in the centre orange with black segmental margins, rest of cincticor-
body and wings white with some black dots. Hindwing somewhat diaphanous. Recognisable by its size : 46 mm. Vus-

Uganda.

S. euproctina Aur. (13 f). White. Tegulae feebly margined with yellow, thorax without black spots, euproctina.
Abdomen above orange with black dorsal spots. Wings white. A single black dot on the forewing at the base
of vein 4. 28 mm. Niger District.

S. tristicta Hmps. (12 d) is somewhat larger. Forewing below the costal margin with some dots instead tristicia.
of a proximal and median line. Hindwing with a black dot at the cross-vein. 34 mm. Niger District.

S. aureolimbata Bothsch. (12 d). Head and margin of tegulae orange; abdomen above orange, dorsal aureolimba-
dots black. Thorax and wings white. On the forewing the cross-vein is black, on the hindwing there is a brown ia-

streak at the cross-vein. Hind-margin of hindwing and fringes of both wings orange. 25 to 27 mm. Angola.

S. oligosticta Hmps. (= jacksoni Rothsch. p. p.) (12 d). White. Pat.agia with black dots. Abdomen oligosticia.
above pale yellow with black dorsal dots, at the beginning and end white. Forewing with some dots near the
base below the centre, at the base of vein 4 and before the margin. 40 mm. Uganda.

S. aspersa Mob. (= virginalis Btlr.) (12 d). Very large. Head and abdomen orange with large dorsal aspersa.
spots. Otherwise white. Wings with large brown lunae on the cross-vein, mostly rather densely irrorated with
brown. 52 to 62 mm. Madagascar.

S. dollniam Hmps. (12 e) is also very large, somewhat recalling Creat. marginalis (15 c). White, dollmani.
Thorax with black dots. Abdomen orange with black margins. Forewing with irregular black dentate bands
arranged in a similar way as the white bands in A. caja. Hindwing at the hind-margin orange, at the distal
margin band-like black. 50 to 60 mm. Rhodesia.

S. scortillum Wllgr. (= nigricosta Holl.) (12 d). Head and abdomen orange with black margins scortillum.
and median line. Forewing slightly yellowish, at the costal margin broadly brown, all the rest being white.

30 to 36 mm. Cameroon, Transvaal.

The following species form a transition to the yellow species.

S. chionea Hmps. (12 e). Head pale yellow. Thorax white. Abdomen orange with black dorsal spots, ehionea.
Forewing milky white, hindwing yellow, without markings. 44 mm. Natal.

S. curvilirsea Wkr. (12 e). Head, thorax and wings yellowish-white; abdomen orange, without spots, curvilinea.
Forewing with 3 undulate black transverse lines which are not alwa}4 complete and are variably distant from
each other. Hindwing mostly with a dot on the cross-vein. 30 to 35 mm. Lagos, Congo, Uganda.

S. aurantiaca Holl. (= multiscripta Holl.) (12 e). $ pale yellowish-brown with 3 dark brown lines, aurantiacci.
The central line is sharply angular, the distal line undulate. On the cross-vein a large luna. Hindwing with
a streak on the cross-vein. $ orange, with the same though less distinct marking. 30 to 36 mm. Cameroon,

Sierra Leone.

S. bifurca Wkr. (= radiosa Drc.) (12 f). Head and thorax brownish- white, abdomen orange with bifurca.
black dorsal spots. Forewing brownish-white with a brown marking. The proximal band is interrupted, the
median band X-shaped, some spots in the subapical area. Hindwing brownish white with few spots. In the
$ the bands on the forewing are more broken up into spots, on the hindwing the spots are larger. 40 to 55 mm
Lagos, Togo, Cameroon, Congo.

96

SPILOSOMA. By M. Gaede.

rava.

batesi.

maculosa.

aequalis.

schraderi.

parddlina.

rattrayi.

yemcnensis.

diver sata.

investigato-

rum.

mhondaria.

testacea.

scioana.

intensa.

geminipunc-

ta.

sparsipunc-

ta.

diplosticha.

inconspi-

cua.

sublatea.

vieinlioffi.

S. rava Drc. (12 f). Larger. With a paler, otherwise quite similar marking on the forewing as in
bifurca. The subapical spots are prolonged forming a marginal band. Hindwing yellowish-white with a larger
cellular spot and marginal spots. The marking on the forewing is often very obsolete. 44 to 50 mm. Gold Coast,
Cameroon, Spanish Guinea. — batesi Bothsch. (12 f) differs from the type not only in the obsolete marking
but also in the fine brown dotting of the forewing.

Here follows a series of species with white, yellow and brownish forewings
more or less densely covered with black dots and spots, the position of which is best
seen from the figures.

S. maculosa Stoll (= assimilis Hbn., indeterminata Wkr., macularia Wkr ., eyraJpenus Plotz ) (12 f).
Head and thorax yellowish-white with black dots. Abdomen orange with black dorsal spots, at the beginning
and end white. Forewing white or yellowish-white, rathSr uniformly covered with black rings filled up with
grey. Hindwing white with a blackish spot at the cross-vein and some before the margin. - — aequalis Wkr.
has oblong, somewhat confluent spots on the forewing. 36 to 44 mm. Everywhere in West, Central, and East
Africa.

S. schraderi Rothsch. is a maculosa with a yellowish hindwing. The spots on the forewing are small,
grey, edged with black. 48 mm. Eritrea.

S. pardalina Bothsch. Forewing yellowish- white. The spots are larger, combined to irregular transverse
bands, otherwise similar to schraderi. Ths black margins on the abdomen are large. 50 mm. Uganda.

S. rattrayi Hmps. (12 g). On the forewing only an angular median band is isolated, the other spots
are irregularly placed. Hindwing yellowish white, in the $ with black marginal spots. 42 to 50 mm. Gold
Coast, Cameroon, Uganda.

S. yemcnensis Hmps. (12 g). Forewing white. Distinguished by the yellowish-grey head and thorax.
The blackish spots on the forewing are combined to heaps. Hindwing only at the hind-margin yellowish. 42 mm.
Arabia.

S. diversata Hmps. (12 g). Forewing yellowish-white. The spots are grey, margined with black,
united to an indistinct radial band; also at the costal margin and hind-margin the spots are more densely arranged.
Hindwing white. 48 mm. Somaliland, Abyssinia.

S. investigatorum Karsch (= cribraria Brtl.) (12 g). Forewing white. Arrangement of spots similar
to that in diversata, but they are smaller and of a pure black. — mhondaria Brtl. (= nigropuncta B.-Bak.) has

less numerous black dots. 36 to 50 mm. In the whole of Central and East Africa.

The following species are smaller. Forewing of a pure yellow with numerous
black dots.

S. testacea Wkr. (= subflavescens Wkr.) (12 e). Ochreous-yellow, $ sometimes a little darker.
Abdomen orange with black margins. Forewing with 4 rows of fine black double dots, at the median vein angular.
Hindwing pale yellow with a black spot on the cross-vein. 32 to 40 mm. South Africa.

S. scioana Oberth. (= abbottii Holl.) (12 f). Ochreous-brown instead of ochreous-yellow. Beside

the suhbasal row of dots, which is rather more feebly developed, we notice, the best at the hind-margin, 4 bands
of double dots. Hindwing paler with spots at the cross-vein and before the margin. In the $ the forewing is
red-brown, the hindwing yellowish-brown. — intensa Bothsch. exhibits only 3 instead of 4 rows of dots behind
the subbasal row, for which reason it would have to be a transition to testacea. 26 to 30 mm. Abyssinia, Delagoa
Bay.

S. geminipuncta Hmps. (12 g). Thorax ochreous-yellow. Abdomen ochreous- white. The fine black
dots on the ochreous-yellow forewing similarly arranged as in diversata. Hindwing ochreous- white. 40 mm.
Abyssinia.

S. sparsipuncta Hmps. (12 h). Yellowish orange with a row of black dots. Forewing with pale brown
spots below the base of the cell, in the cell-end and below it, and also before the distal margin. Hindwing at
the hind-margin somewhat orange-yellow without spots. $ somewhat darker coloured. 38 mm. Madagascar.

S. diplosticha Hmps. (12 h). Ochreous-yellow. Forewing with 3 rows of black dots. The middle
row is incurved below the costal margin, then very much excurved, the distal row curved like an S. On the
cross-vein some dots. Abdomen and hindwing orange-yellow with a black central dot. $ on the forewing only
with some dots at the cross- vein. 40 mm. Natal.

S. inconspicua Bothsch. (12 h) resembles a feebly marked diplosticha. Median band only indicated
as a spot at the costal margin and hind-margin. Distal band more uniformly bent, terminating on the centre
of the wing. The dots at the cross-vein are present. 30 mm. East Africa, Angola.

S. sublutea Btlr. Thorax and forewing ochreous-yellow. The proximal and median rows of dots are
only present at the costal margin and hind-margin. At the cross- vein there is no spot. The distal row, beginning
from the hind-margin, differently far forward. - — meinlioffi Brtl. (12 h) is an intensely marked form and probably

Publ. 28. VI. 1926.

SPILOSOMA. By M. Gaede.

97

identical with Est. metaxantha Hmps. The median row of dots is in the middle sharply angled. The distal row
is feebly S-shaped, the veins 3 and 4 and partly also the others are edged with black. On the cross-vein no spot.
— unimaculata Brtl. also seems to belong hereto as another extreme form. Forewing somewhat lighter with
but 1 spot at the costal margin instead of the distal row of dots. Abdomen and hindwing in all the forms
orange-yellow with a black central dot. 30 to 40 mm. East Africa.

The following species without rows of dots.

o

S. quadrilunata Hmps. (12 h). Thorax and forewing as light as in unimaculata. Abdomen without
black spots, but both wings with a large luna on the cross-vein. 36 mm. Sierra Leone.

S. madagascariensis Btlr. (12 h). The whole body is orange-yellow. Abdomen with black spots.
Wings of a purer yellow, unmarked. 45 mm. Madagascar.

S. holoxantha Hmps. (13 a). Thorax and forewing brownish orange. Hindwing and abdomen orange
with black dorsal spots. Shape of wings rather broad. 40 mm. Niger District.

S. lucida Drc. (= steudeli Brtl.) (13 a). Body above orange-yellow with black spots. Forewing
orange-yellow with a spot at the cross-vein. Hindwing yellowish-white (G) or orange ($). In typical lucida
the antennal shaft is said to be black, in steudeli it is light. 26 to 32 mm. East Africa.

S. flavidior Gaede (13 a). The whole body and forewing dark orange-yellow. Hindwing somewhat
lighter. Antennal shaft quite or almost quite yellow. Forewing somewhat squat, similar to madagascariensis
(12 h), with a black spot at the cross-vein. Abdomen beneath pale yellow. 32 to 40 mm. East Africa.

S. flava Wallgr. (= oriens Rothsch.) (13 a). Thorax and abdomen orange, tegulae somewhat darker.
Abdomen with broad black margins. Forewing of a glaring yellow. Hindwing somewhat paler. In the $
sometimes also the forewing is pale. Abdomen beneath dark brown. 40 to 48 mm. South West and South
Africa.

S. sulphurea Btlr. (13 a). Above as flava, but the dorsal spots are much smaller. Abdomen beneath
pale yellow, not dark. The $ belonging to it may be immaculata Brtl. 36 to 48 mm. Cameroon, Uganda.

S. metaleuca Hmps. (13 a). Thorax and abdomen orange-yellow. The latter with an indistinct dark
dorsal band. Forewing uni-coloured orange-yellow,. hindwing white. 28 mm. Niger District, Sudan.

S. pellucida Rothsch. (13 b). Head and thorax ochreous-brown, abdomen somewhat more yellow.
Wings ochreous-brown, intensely hyaline. In the forewing a black spot at the cross-vein. 36 mm. Gold Coast.

The following species form again a group.

S. pales Drc. (13 b). Thorax dark yellow; abdomen somewhat lighter with a large black central spot
above, beneath with a grey one. Forewing orange-yellow, hindwing somewhat lighter. 42 mm. East Africa.

S. atridorsia Hmps. (= rattrayi Rothsch. p. p.) (13 b) is very similar to pales. The black spot on
the abdomen above is larger. Under surface yellow, 14 mm. Uganda.

S. baxteri Rothsch. (13 b) is somewhat squatter than the two preceding species. Abdomen quite
black, only the base and end orange. Forewing orange-yellow, hindwing somewhat lighter. 44 mm. East
Africa.

S. nigrociricta Kenrick (13 c). Above as baxteri. Abdomen beneath only with black ring-margins
and lateral spots. Hindwing scarcely lighter than the forewing. 45 mm. Madagascar.

In the following species only the abdominal segments are margined with black.
The wings are likewise without markings.

S. crossi Rothsch. (13 b). Thorax ochreous-brown, abdomen above orange-yellow with a brown dorsal
line, beneath red-brown. Forewing brown, hindwing more yellow. 32 mm. West Africa.

S. flavidus Brtl. (= sinefascia Hmps.) (13 b). Thorax greyish -yellow. Abdomen orange with black
ring-margins, beneath yellowish- white. Wings pale yellow. Hind-margin of hindwing somewhat orange-yellow.
42 to 52 mm. Niger District, Mashona Land, South West Africa.

S. mundata Wkr. (13 c). Thorax and forewing white. Forewing at the costal and distal margins
somewhat orange. Abdomen orange with black margins, beneath paler. Hindwing white, somewhat diaphanous
hind-margin yellowish. 35 mm. West Africa.

S. euryphlebia Hmps. (13 c) differs from the preceding species in the veins of the forewing being
broadly marked with brown and in the brown stripes on the thorax. Forewing yellow, hindwing orange. 36 mm.
Transvaal.

The following species have a grey thorax and on the forewing grey stripes
between the veins.

S. lutescens Wkr. (13 c). Head and margin of tegulae orange, the rest and thorax grey. Abdomen
orange with or without black dots beneath paler. Forewing only at the veins orange, otherwise grey, hindwing
whitish or (in the $) somewhat orange. — semihyalina Brtl. is smaller, veins of forewing lighter yellow, both

unimacula-

ia.

quadriluna-

la.

madagasca¬

riensis.

holoxantha.

lucida.

flavidior.

flava.

sulphurea.

metaleuca.

pellucida.

pales.

atridorsia.

baxteri.

nigrocincta.

crossi.

flavidus.

mundata.

euryphle¬

bia.

lutescens.

semihyali¬

na.

XIV

13

98

SPILOSOMA. By M. Gaede.

screabilis.

jacksoni.

lentijascia-

ta.

occidens.

nyangween-

sis.

rhodesiana.

penicillata.

leighi.

scita.

latiradiata.

melanodis¬

ca.

rufa.

sjoestedti.

lineata.

albida.

eugraphica.

butti.

nyasica.

togoensis.

wings diaphanous. — screabilis Wllgr. The grey places in the forewing are more contracted in the shape of
stripes, af finis Brtl. and angolensis Brtl. are based upon too bad specimens as to be assigned to any form. 40 to
55 mm. West and East Africa, Natal.

S. jacksoni Bothsch. (13 c) resembles screabilis. Recognisable by the reddish-yellow veins in the forewing.
Hindwing white, hyaline. 55 mm. East Africa, Abyssinia.

S. lentifasciata Hmps. (13 c). The grey stripes on the forewing are only present below and behind
the cell. Hindwing yellowish-white. 44 mm. Mashona Land.

S. occidens Bothsch. (13 d). Thorax somewhat more brownish, hindwing more yellow. It scarcely
differs from leyitifasciata. 30 to 50 mm. West Africa. — nyangweensis Strd. Similar to maclagascariensis, thus
the forewings without markings, hindwings somewhat more scantily scaled. 36 to 46 mm. Congo.

S. rhodesiana Hmps. (13 d). Similar to lutescens (13 c). Hindwing in the yellowish- white, in the
$ orange. Abdominal rings broadly margined with black, whereby it is easily discernible. 42 to 52 mm. Mashona
Land.

S. penicillata Wkr. (13 d) is smaller, squatter. The grey places of lutescens are here brown. Hindwing
also in the <$ orange. 36 to 46 mm. Sierra Leone, Niger District.

The following species are similarly marked in the forewings, but also on the
hindwings more or less black.

S. leighi Bothsch. (13 d). Thorax and abdomen orange; the latter with black dorsal spots. Eorewing
orange; veins lead-coloured, between them darker stripes. Hindwing orange, mostly with a large black central
spot. 40 mm. South Africa.

S. scita Wkr. (13 d). Thorax greyish-brown, abdomen orange with black ring-margins. Forewing
orange on the veins, between them greyish-brown. On the hindwing the spaces between the veins are blackish-
brown, only the hind-margin is orange. 40 mm. Natal.

S. latiradiata Hmps. (13 e). Thorax with a black longitudinal streak. Costal margin, hind-margin,
and median vein broad light orange. Spaces between the veins black. Hindwing likewise darker than scita.
It may be the $ of scita- A. 44 mm. East Africa.

The following species dark with large spots.

S. melanodisca Hmps. (13 e). Thorax and forewing reddish-brown. A proximal line of black dots on
the forewing is in the centre excurved. On the median line of dots a large spot as far as the cell-end. The distal
row is only indicated. Marginal dots black. Hindwing dingy yellow with a black central spot and some
submarginal ones. Forewing of the $ lighter red-brown. 35 to 38 mm. Uganda.

S. rufa Joic. Similar to melanodisca. Thorax brown. Abdomen above pale pink with black dorsal
spots. Forewing reddish-orange with 4 lines of black dots on the veins, which may also be absent. Hindwing
somewhat pink with a black spot on the cross-vein and before the distal margin. 34 mm. East Africa.

S. sjoestedti Aur. (13 e) is placed to the genus Pericallia by Hampson. ($)■ Pale brown with a proximal
and median band of large black spots edged with white, in the centre angular. Around the cross-vein a very
large black spot parted white by the veins. At the apex, before the margin and at the margin spots surrounded
by white. Hindwing with a large central spot and smaller marginal spots. 45 mm. A smaller, lighter. Cameroon.

Group II. Antennae of the A doubly dentate.

S. lineata Wkr. ( = simplex Wkr., alba Wallgr., puella Drc.) (13 e). Thorax yellowish- white, abdomen
orange with black dorsal dots. Wings white. On the forewing the veins are black. Hindwing at the hind-margin
somewhat orange. — In albida Brtl. the veins are not black. Sometimes the dorsal spots are united in the centre,
whereby a resemblance with Ams. grammiphlebia (14 h) is produced. 28 to 38 mm. East Africa, Delagoa Bay,
Natal.

S. eugraphica Wkr. (= undistriga Fldr.) (13 e). Orange-yellow. Abdomen with black spots or rings.
Forewing with 2 dentate distinct black lines. Hindwing with a black central dot. 42 to 48 mm. Transvaal,
Natal.

S. bufti Bothsch. (13 f). Only the abdomen is orange, otherwise yellowish- white. The two lines of
the forewing nearing each other at the hind-margin and connected there. 38 mm. Cape Colony.

S. nyasica Hmps. (13 g). Thorax and forewing yellowish- white. Hindwing and abdomen orange-
yellow with black dorsal dots. Eorewing with 2 rows of black dots, sometimes interrupted, the distal line in
a curve around the dot at the cross-vein. Hindwing with a black central dot. 36 mm. Central Africa.

S. togoensis Brtl. (13 g) is quite different. Thorax and forewing orange-brown, abdomen and liind-
wing orange-yellow. On the hindwing a large black central spot, on the forewing a smaller one which may also
be absent. 38 to 44 mm. Togo, Fernando Po.

MAENAS ; ESTIGMENE. By M. Gaede.

99

2. Genus : Maenas Hbn.

Proboscis stunted, palpi short, thorax woolly. Antennae of the strongly combed. Hind tibiae with
but 1 pair of spurs. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 + 9+10 forked. Type vocula Stoll. — Cf. Vol. VI, p. 307,
and Vol. X, p. 237.

M. arborifera Btlr. (= scapulosa Wllgr., wallengreni Aur., gracilis Btlr., smithii Holl.) (13 g). White, arborifera.
Thorax with brown streaks. Abdomen orange-yellow with black dots. Forewing marked with three blackish-
brown or brown rays. The foremost ray touches the costal margin behind the middle almost as far as the apex.

Hindwing with a brown central spot and some before the margin. — impia Strd. is probably only a bad specimen
of this species. 30 to 35 mm. East, South, and South-West Africa.

M. bivittata Bril. (= fuscovenata Brtl., ramosa Hmps .) (13 g). Eorewing similar to that of a feebly biviltata.
marked arborifera. The most anterior ray is only indicated, the other two rays are also feebler. Hindwing
somewhat yellowish from the hind-margin to the centre of the wing, without spots. 24 to 32 mm. East Africa.

M. vocula Stoll (13 g). Marking more notched than in arborifera. The anterior ray touches the costal vocula.
margin of the forewing in 4 spots. 30 to 35 mm. South Africa.

The following species with black transverse lin e_s.

M. buryi Rothsch. (13 f). Thorax white; abdomen yellow, at the base and apex white. Wings white, buryi.
Costal margin of forewing yellow, with 2 curved thin lines, the distal one of which is only distinct at the costal
margin and hind-margin. Hindwing white. 36 to 48 mm. Gold Coast, Niger District.

M. affinis Rothsch. (13 h). Similar to buryi. The black lines and the yellow margin on the forewing affinis.
are absent, but there are 4 black dots present at the costal margin and 2 near the base. 36 mm. Niger.

M. paucipuncta Joic. Similar to affinis (13 h). Abdomen without black dots. Forewing differently paucipunc-
spotted. An oblong spot in the base of the cell. Dots on the cross-vein and behind it at the costal margin. ta •

A distal row of paired dots and before them some in the submedian fold. Hindwing without spots. 32 mm.

East Africa.

M. intacta Hmps. (13 h) is similar to a faded affinis. Forewing without black dots, hindwing with Intacta.
a black discal dot. It may only be the $ of paucipuncta, as the dots are only absent in the type, but not in
the second specimen. 40 mm. Niger District, Congo.

M. decemmaculata Rothsch. (12 h) is quite different . Head, thorax, and forewing yellowish-brown, decemmacu-
The latter with a black discal and subapical spot. Abdomen and hindwing yellow with a black discal spot. laia •

32 mm. Congo.

3. Genus: (Estigmene Hbn.

Neuration as in Spilosoma and Maenas. Proboscis stunted, palpi as long as the irons. Head and thorax
long-haired. Anterior tibiae with claws inside and outside. On the hind tibiae two pair of spurs. Thereby
easily separable from similar genera. Type: acraea Drury from America. — Cf. Vol. VI, p. 309.

We begin with the few white species.

Eo pura Btlr. (= schraderi Rothsch., punctifasciata Gaede) (13 h). Abdomen above orange, except pura.
at the base and apex, mostly with black dots. Forewing with fine black dots, forming 3 indistinct curved bands.

Besides there are dots at the base and before the margin. Hindwing mostly of a pure white. 38 mm. East
Africa, Abyssinia.

E. edlingeri Brtl. (= albescens Rothsch.) (13 h) resembles a pura without any black dots. 30 to edlingcri.
40 mm. Cameroon, Niger District.

E. evadne Fawc. Abdomen above orange with black bands. Forewing with some dots instead of evadnc.
the proximal and median bands. The distal curved row is more complete, and some dots are before the margin.

Hindwing with dots near the anal angle and on the cross- vein. 36 mm. East Africa.

E. flaviceps Hmps. (= aureacosta B.-Bak.) (13 i). Head and abdomen orange-yellow with black flaviceps.
segmental margins. Thorax white. Wings white. Forewing at the costal margin orange-yellow. 36 mm. West
Africa.

E. trifasciata Holl. probably does not belong to this genus, but is some species of Spilosoma.

A transition to the following group is formed by:

E. melanocera Hmps. (13 i). Head and thorax yellowish- white ; abdomen orange with black dots, melanocera.
Forewing yellowish- white. Three transverse lines indicated by black dots at the costal margin and hind-margin.

Hindwing orange-yellow with a black discal spot. 35 mm. Central Africa.

100

ESTIGMENE. By M. Gaede.

The following species are mostly orange-yellow, almost or entirely without
black dots.

griseata. E. griseata Hmps. (13 i). Thorax brownish grey. Abdomen yellowish-brown with black lateral dots.

Forewing brownish grey. Black dots at the cress-vein and below it. Hindwing pale reddish-brown with a black
central spot. 36 mm. Somaliland.

ochreomar- E. ochreomargiiiata B.-Bak. (= Ams. ansorgei Bothsch.) (14 a) differs somewhat in the small size

ginaia. an(j broad wings. Thorax reddish-brown, abdomen orange with black dorsal spots. Forewing reddish-brown.
Costal margin and some part of the hind-margin orange. Hindwing brownish-yellow. 28 mm. Uganda.

mediopunc- E. mediopunctata Pag. (14 a). Thorax and abdomen orange-yellow, abdomen with black lateral dots.

iaia. Forewing pale yellow with black dots at the cross- vein ^ancl one near the base. Hindwing paler with a black
central dot. 30 mm. Abyssinia.

unipuncta. E. unipuncta Hmps. (14 a). Body and forewing orange-yellow. Abdomen with black spots. Forewing

with a dot at the lower cell-angle. Hindwing yellowish- white (d) or orange-yellow ($). A form of it has on
the hindwing a broad greyish-black marginal band which is proximally fadedly defined. 32 to 35 mm. East
Africa.

karschi. E. kaischi Brtl. (14 a) is orange-yellow, without black dots on the abdomen and wings. In the $

the hindwing is white. 32 to 40 mm. Togo, Niger, Uganda.

laglaizei. E. laglaizel Bothsch. (14 a). Thorax and forewing pale ochreous-brown. Abdomen orange-yellow

with black dots. Hindwing orange-yellow ($). 35 mm. Senegal. Perhaps a form of karschi.

ansorgei. E. ansorgei Bothsch. (14 b). Thorax, abdomen, and forewing pale oclireous. Abdomen with black

lateral spots. Veins of forewing somewhat darker. Hindwing yellowish- white. 34 mm. Uganda.

similis. E. similis Bothsch. (14 b). Forewing and the whole abdomen somewhat darker. Abdomen with black

dorsal spots. Hindwing ochreous- white or chreous- yellow, at the margin somewhat brown. 40 mm. Uganda,
Rhodesia.

Forewing with more or less intense dark radial streaks.

neuriastis. E. neuriastis Hmps. (= pembertoni Bothsch.) (14 b). Thorax greyish-yellow; abdomen orange with

black margins. Wings yellowish- white, veins fine dark. Forewing at the margin slightly yellowish. 40 mm.
Angola.

tennistriga- E. tenuistrigata Hmps. (14 b). Thorax and wings ochreous-yellow, abdomen above orange with black

ia- margins. Veins of both wings fine black. 42 mm. Mashona Land.

lemniscata. E. lemniscata Dist. (14 b). Thorax and forewing yellow. Abdomen orange with black dorsal spots,

beneath black. Forewing with narrow black stripes on the median vein, veins 2 to 4 and 6, sometimes on vein 1.
Hindwing in the $ yellowish- white, in the $ black. 32 to 42 mm. East Africa, Mashona Land, Transvaal.

scita. E. scita Wkr. (14 c). Similar to lemniscata, with a very broad band on the median vein as far as the

distal margin and above it a shorter one in the distal third. Specimens from the Kilimanjaro have also on the
hindwing a feeble band at the median vein and between the veins 3 to 5. Cameroon, Sierra Leone, Kilimanjaro.

unilinea. unilinea Bothsch. (14 c). The principal band on the forewing is narrower, the anterior one is absent altogether.
Hindwing yellowish-white. West Africa. - — 30 to 34 mm.

simulans. E. simulans Btlr. (= unistriga Griinb.) (14 c. ) is somewhat paler. The still narrower band on the

forewing extends somewhat beyond the cell-end. Sometimes another spot at the upper cell-angle, at veins
3 and 4. 36 mm. South West Africa, Fernando Po; Egypt.
linea. E. lirtea Wkr. (= dorsalis Wkr., truncatum Wkr., strigatum Wallgr., lineatum Btlr.) (14 c) differs

from lemniscata in the abdomen being ochreous-yellow beneath. Hindwing of <$ and $ orange-yellow. Marking
in both the species the same. East Africa.

rothi. E. rothi Bothsch. (14g). The whole body and forewing is ochreous-yellow. Hind wing yellowish- white.

Median vein of forewing fine black. 30 mm. Niger District.
griseipen- E. griseipennis Brtl. (14 b) is very variable, changing from greyish-yellow to reddish-yellow. The

ms. streak on the median vein is mostly absent. I never saw a specimen as dark as the one figured by Hampson *).
35 mm. Angola, Natal.

multivittata. E. multivittata Bothsch. (14 d). Ground-colour still somewhat darker than griseipennis . In the $

the hindwing except the fringes may be almost entirely blackish-brown. Marking of forewing more intense
than in linea , but otherwise similar to it. 32 to 35 mm. Abyssinia, Natal.
trivitia. E. trivitta Wkr. (14 c) is somewhat different. Yellowish- white. Abdomen above orange with black

spots. Forewing with 3 mostly strong, almost parallel radial bands. Hindwing white. 36 to 42 mm. Transvaal,
Natal.

*) Cat. Lep. Phal. Br, Mus. Sppl. II, pi. 64, fig. 21.

ACANTHARCTIA. By M. Gaede.

101

In the two following species the <$ has light, the $ dark hindwing s.

E. dissimilis Di.st. (14 i). $ thorax and forewing yellow, abdomen orange with black central spots, dissimilis.
Forewing at the cell-angles with black dots. Hindwing yellow, at the distal margin greyish-brown. $ orange-
yellow instead of pale yellow. Hindwing almost black, only the fringes light. 36 mm. Transvaal.

E. gynephaea Hmps. (14 d). $ thorax and forewing yellow. Abdomen orange with black dots. Veins gyne-phaea.
of forewing fine black. Hindwing yellowish-white. $ with a broader forewing. Orange-brown, margins orange-
yellow. At the cross-vein a black dot. Hindwing blackish-brown. At the base and on the cross-vein orange-
yellow. 30 to 33 mm. East Africa, Mashona Land.

In the following species the hindwing is orange-y ellowwith a black marginal

band.

E. heterogenea Brtl. $ (14 e). Body orange-yellow, abdomen with black segmental margins. Forewing heterogenea.
orange-brown with a fine dot at the cross-vein, in the distal area somewhat darker. Hinclwing in the cell as
far as the costal margin and narrowly at the hind-margin orange, the rest black. 30 mm. Angola.

E. nigrocastanea Rothsch. (14 e). $ thorax and forewing orange-brown. Abdomen above orange nigrocasta-

with black dorsal dots. Apex and under surface blackish-brown. Hindwing orange-yellow, distal margin broad nea-

black. 36 mm. Central Africa.

E. melanoxantha sp. n. (14 e). $ head, thorax, abdomen above orange with black dorsal dots, apex melanoxan-
and under surface blackish- brown. Forewing as far as the cell-end orange, the rest black ; the border is somewhat tha‘

faded. Hindwing somewhat broader black than in nigrocastanea. 38 mm. East Africa. This species and the
preceding one may only be $ forms of heterogenea $ .

E. internigralis Hmps. (14 d) is the reverse of the linea-lemniscata group. Thorax yellow with blackish- internigra-
brown stripes. Abdomen orange with black segmental margins. Forewing at the costal margin and hind-margin
broadly and on the veins excepting the cross-vein more narrowly yellowish- white, otherwise ochreous-brown.

Hindwing somewhat lighter, veins as in the forewing. In the $ the hindwing is darker with yellowish veins.

38 mm. Transvaal, Natal.

4. Genus: Acautliarctia Aur.

Proboscis small, palpi porrect, $ antennae bipectinate. Head with a horny plate. Anterior tibiae short
with a large double claw. Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. Neuration as in Spilosoma. Type: vittaia Aur.

A. metaleuca Hmps. (14 e) is yellowish- white. Abdomen orange with black segmental margins. Fore- metaleuca.
wing with radial brown stripes in and below the cell and between the veins. Hindwing white. 36 mm. East
Africa.

A. latifasciata Hmps. (14 e). As metaleuca, but the ground-colour is ochreous-yellow, with a similar latifasciata.
marking on the forewing. Hindwing, however, likewise with brown radial stripes, in the $ broader. 38 mm.

Transvaal.

A. tenuifasciata Hmps. (13 h). Head orange, thorax white; abdomen at the base white, otherwise tenuifasda-
orange, on the dorsum with brown margins. Forewing white. Costal margin fine orange, between the veins ia-

narrowly brown. Hindwing of a pure white. 30 mm. East Africa, Congo.

A. afriramosa Hmps. (14 d) is yellowish-white, abdomen above pale orange-yellow. Forewing with atriramosa.
black lines on the veins beginning from the centre of the subcostal vein, on vein 6, on the median vein, and
veins 1 to 4. Hindwing white. 40 mm. Uganda, Rhodesia.

A. vittata Aur. (14 f). Dingy white; abdomen orange-yellow with black dorsal dots. Forewing with vittata.
feeble brown streaks in the discal and sub median folds. Hind-margin of hindwing feebly yellowish. 38 mm. Natal.

A. radiosa Pag. resembles vittata. Thorax white, abdomen above red with black segmental margins, radiosa.
Forewing silvery white. Costal margin reddish. Median vein and branches yellowish with black dots which
are also in the distal part of the costal margin and at the cross-vein. Fringes yellowish- white. 25 mm. North
East Africa. A doubtful species, since it was described from a damaged specimen.

A. flavicosta Hmps. (= aurivillii Brtl.) (15 b). The whole body is pale orange-yellow, abdomen broadly flavicosta.
edged with black. Wings of a pure white. Costal margin of forewing and fringes orange-yellow, hind-margin
yellowish. 36 mm. Mashona Land.

A. rubrifemora B.-Bak. Body and wings white. On the forewing all the veins are greyish-brown, rubrifemo-
Hindwing spotless. Legs white, femora above red. 45 mm. LTganda.

A. nivea Aur. (14 g) is very similar. Wings and thorax white. Abdomen orange with black segmental nivea.
margins. Forewing at the costal margin and hind-margin somewhat yellowish. 34 mm. Cameroon, Congo.

102

AMSACTA. By M. Gaede.

bicoloria. A. bicoloria Gaede (= stygioides Rothsch.) (14 e) is quite different. The whole body is orange-yellow,

abdomen with or without black dorsal dots. Forewing very narrow, orange-brownish, in the proximal area
somewhat diaphanous. Hindwing blackish, in the proximal area very hyaline. 26 mm. Adamaua, Niger.

5. Genus: Amsacta Wkr.

Separated from Acantharctia by the absence of the horny plate on the head. Neuration and spurs are
the same. Excepting the first two species, of a rather strong structure. As to this genus cf. Vol. II, p. 89, and
Vol. X, p. 251. Type: marginalis Wkr.

A. Antennae of the $ long-combed, forewing broad.

marginalis. A. marginalis Wkr. (14 f). Head orange, thorax brownish. Abdomen orange with black segmental

margins. Forewing dark reddish-brown. Costal margin and hind-margin narrowly orange. Hindwing blackish-
fuscosa. brown. Fringes at the anal angle orange. — fuscosa Brtl. has the wings centrally somewhat hyaline. Fringes
of both wings quite orange. Costal margin and hind-margin not orange. 28 mm. Togo, Sierra Leone.
flavicostata. A. flavicostata Gaede (14 f). Head and thorax brownish-black. Abdomen orange with black dorsal

spots, beneath black. Forewing and fringe brownish-black, costal margin orange. Hindwing smoky brown,
baumanni. at the base lighter. — baumanni Gaede has an almost white hindwing, only at the apex it is yet brownish. 28 mm.
Togo, Cameroon.

Forewing somewhat less broad, veins lighter.

A. melanogastra Holl. (= occidentalis Brtl., epicast.e Fawc.) (14 f). Thorax dark brown; abdomen
orange, above almost entirely black. Forewing dark brown, costal margin and veins pale yellow. Hindwing
whitish-yellow (<$) or orange ($). 40 to 45 mm. East Africa, South West Africa. — Maenas jeskei Grunb. is
probably the same species.

A. nigrisignata Gaede (14 g). Head and thorax pale red-brown, tegulae with a black streak, abdomen
pale brown. Forewing at the costal margin, hindmargin, veins and fringes pale reddish-brown. Veins edged
with white. The cell and all the spaces between the veins are black. Hindwing brownish white, with a black
central dot. In a specimen from East Africa the hindwing is entirely pink. 35 mm. Adis Abeba.

A. wintgensi Strd. (= postalbicla Rbl., nigrilinea Joic.) (14 f) is somewhat lighter than the two prece¬
ding species. Head, tegulae, patagia, and forewing pale ochreous. Thorax and abdomen white, above orange.
On the forewing the subcostal vein is slightly margined with black, more intensely so the median vein and
veins 2 to 4, the most vein 1. More feebly, however, veins 3 to 10 before the margin. Hindwing purely white.
46 mm. East Africa.

The following species are more or less white.

A. grammiphlebia Hmps. (14 h). Head orange, thorax pale yellow. Abdomen orange, broadly margined
phlebia. wq,h black. Wings yellowish- white. Forewing with black veins. Hindwing at the hind-margin orange. 50 mm.
Mashona Land.

bivittata. A. bivittata Btlr. (13 i). Head orange, thorax brown with a black streak. Abdomen above orange

with black margins. Forewing white, at the costal margin brown. A blackish-brown radial streak in the cell
and one at the end of vein 6. Hindwing of a pure white. 32 mm. East Africa.
flavicosta. A. flavicosta Hmps. (14 h). White. On the head somewhat yellow. Abdomen with subdorsal yellow

lines and black lateral dots. Forewing at the costal margin finely yellow; a distinct black dot on the cross¬
vein. Hindwing somewhat hyaline. 30 mm. Sierra Leone, Rhodesia.
nivea. A. nivea Hmps. (15 a). Wings the same, but abdomen above orange with black dorsal and lateral

dots. 28 mm. Transvaal.

jlavizonata. A. flavizonata Hmps. (14 h). Body white. Abdomen above in the centre yellow with black lateral

dots. Wings white. Forewing at the costal margin yellow. Proximal line composed of some black dots. Distal
line S-shaped, likewise formed of black dots. Besides dots at the cross-vein and before the distal margin. The
number of dots is variable. 32 mm. Niger.

ugandae. A. ugandae Hmps. (14 h) is white. Abdomen above in the centre orange with white dorsal spots and

black lateral dots. Forewing white, at the costal margin finely yellow. An indistinct proximal and distal row
of black dots and some before the margin. 42 mm. Uganda.
mombasana. A. mombasana Rothsch. (14 h). Creamy white. Abdomen above orange with a black dorsal line.

Forewing creamy white with few black dots at the costal margin. Hindwing with some spots before the distal
margin. 50 mm. East Africa.

atricrures. A. atricrures Hmps. (15 a). Pale brown. Abdomen above somewhat orange with black dorsal dots.

Forewing pale brown with black dots at the costal margin before and behind the centre and also at the centre
of the hind-margin. Hindwing orange-yellow. 34 mm. East Africa.

melano¬

gastra.

nigrisigna¬

ta.

wintgensi.

grammi-

HYPHANTRIA; POECILARCTIA; STENARCTIA. By M. Gaede.

103

B. Antennae of the short-combed, forewing rather narrow.

A. hampsoni Eothsch. (15 a). Head, thorax, and apex of abdomen brownish, the rest pink, with black hampsoni.
dorsal dots. Forewing pale brown, at the costal margin red, with proximal and distal black dots above vein 1
and at the upper cell-angle . Hindwing brownish- white with black spots on the cross-vein and before the margin.

— albescens Gaede. Wings white with smaller black dots. 32 to 46 mm. Gold Coast, Cameroon. albe cens.

A. moloneyi Drc. (14 g). Body similar to the preceding. Forewing yellowish- white, costal margin moloneyi.
pink, all the veins broadly olive-brown. Hindwing white, with spots as in hampsoni. 32 to 46 mm. Senegal.

The following species is. quite different and does not fit into any group. Fore¬
wing broad.

A. seminigra Hmps. (15 a). Thorax black. Abdomen orange, at the base red with subdorsal and lateral seminigra.
black spots. Forewing black with an indistinct luna on the cross- vein and 4 indistinct dark bands. Hindwing
white, at the distal margin yellowish, at the base reddish, with some black dots. Abdomen and hindwing in
the $ more yellow. 40 mm. Abyssinia.

6. Genus: Hyphantria Harr.

Proboscis absent, palpi hairy, as long as the frons, head and thorax covered with long hair. Neuration
normal. Anterior tibiae with a double claw, hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. Type: cunea Drury from America.

— Cf. Vol. VI, p. 314.

H. strigulosa Hmps. (= atropunctata Faivc.) (15 a). Head and thorax yellowish-white, abdomen strigulosa.
orange. Forewing yellowish- white, at the costal margin orange, at the base some short black streaks; a distal
row of dots and one before the margin, in both cases the dots somewhat oblong. Hindwing white with a black
discal dot. In the $ the head, thorax, and forewing is more yellow, forewing more intensely marked. Hindwing
reddish-yellow with a black streak in the submedian fold. 36 mm. Transvaal.

H. atripes Hmps. (15 a). Body white, abdomen in the centre with yellow subclorsal spots and black atripcs.
lateral dots. Forewing white, costal margin yellowish. A proximal and median dentate row of black dots and
some at the cross-vein. The distal row of dots is excurved in the centre of the wing. Behind it a similarly
curved subterminal row. Hindwing white. 36 mm. Gold Coast.

7. Genus: I*oecilarctla Aur.

Proboscis short, antennae of the with short double pectinations, thorax hairy. Spurs normally long,
hind tibiae with terminal spurs. Neuration; vein 3 near the cell-angle, 4 and 5 from the angle. Veins 7 + 8 + 9
forked, and veins 10 + 11 on a long fork. In the hindwing no veins are forked.

P. venata Aur. (13 f). Head yellowish with a black spot. Thorax white with a black median line, venaia.
Abdomen above pale yellow, beneath white, with black dorsal spots. Forewing white, all the veins broad black,
costal margin at the base carmine. Hindwing yellow, veins 6 to 8 at the margin narrowly black. 42 mm. Mashona
Land.

8. Genus: StenarctiaAttr.

Proboscis well developed, antennae of the 3 with short double pectinations, spurs long, abdomen projec¬
ting far beyond the hindwing. Costal margin of forewing in the typical species at % somewhat angular. Fore¬
wing only moderately broad. Neuration: Veins 3, 4 and 5 separate, vein 6 below the upper cell-angle, veins
7 + 8 + 9 forked. In the hindwing veins 4 + 5 forked. Exclusively Ethiopian. — Type : quadripunctata Aur.

St. quadripunctata Aur. (15 b). Head black, thorax and forewing violettish-brown. Abdomen orange- quadripunc-
yellow with a median row of large black dots and 2 lateral rows of small ones, at the apex red. Forewing at iata-

the base darker with 3 obsolete bands, the 2 first of which are brought into prominence by larger costal spots
and smaller ones below them. Hindwing at the base orange, in the distal area pale brown. 34 mm. Ogowe.

— fucosa form. nov. (15 b) has much darker forewings and more distinct bands. The spot on the cross-vein fucosa .
is absent. Hindwing as dark as forewing. Abdomen above carmine, only beneath orange. 30 to 38 mm. Congo.

In the two following species the costal margin of the forewing is scarcely angular.

St. griseipennis Hmps. (15 b). Thorax and forewing brown. Forewing with an entirely faded proximal griseipen-
and distal band. Black dots in the centre of the cell and on the cross-vein. Veins lighter. Abdomen and ms*

hindwing yellow. Hindwing at the distal margin broadly pale brown. 38 mm. Niger.

104

CREATONOTUS. By M. Gaede.

abdomina-

lis.

arabica.

lasti.

marginalis.

spilleri.

fuscomargi-

nalis.

vittata.

bnea.

neurophaea.

leucanioi-

des.

brunneipen-

nis.

punctivitta.

notivitta.

St. abdominalis Hmps. (15 b) is smaller. On the forewing the veins are marked darker. Hindwing
without the dark marginal band. 33 mm. Sierra Leone.

9. Genus: Creatonotus Hbn.

Palpi short, not projecting beyond the frons. Neuration normal. Anterior tibiae without claws, hind
tibiae with terminal spurs. Type: gangis Hbn. from India. Cf. Vol. 2, p. 90, and Vol. X, p. 252.

A. Antennae of the $ with short double pectinations.

C. arabica Hmps. (Vol. X, pi. 19 h). Brownish-grey, abdomen above red with black spots. Forewing
at the costal margin mostly black. A proximal and distal straight row of black dots obliquely inwards. Besides
some on the cross-vein and before the distal margin. Hindwing with a median spot. 32 to 40 mm. Aden.
The species would probably have been better left with Spilosoma as which it had been described, if the hind
tibiae are similar. It is only placed here in accordance with Hampson’s Catalogue.

C. lasti Rothsch. (15 b). Thorax blackish-brown. Abdomen carmine, at the base brown with black
dorsal dots. Wings blackish-brown. Forewing with a white band from the centre of the costal margin to the
anal angle. Hindwing with a white spot below the centre of the wing. In the $ the band on the forewing is
larger and on the hindwing another spot above the centre of the wing. 40 to 45 mm. Madagascar. — The
species is- placed here by Hampson. It would have probably better remained with Pericallia, where it was
described. Although the marking does not fit, yet the comparatively feeble body and the broad forewing, in
case the hind tibiae have 2 pair of spurs.

C. marginalis Wkr. (= ramivitta Wkr.) (15 c). Thorax yellowish-white with black dots. Abdomen
above orange-yellow with black dorsal dots. Forewing yellowish-white with a broad brown radial band through
the cell to the apex, with numerous branches to the costal margin and hind-margin. Hindwing white, with or
without large brown spots before the margin. 35 to 45 mm. Sierra Leone, Niger District, Togo.

C. spilleri B.-Bak. Forewing white with a brown spot at the base of the costal margin. A large spot
in the central area and behind it. Both are of a very irregular shape and enclose a white spot at the costal
margin. Marginal area brown, dentately defined, connected with the median area at vein 5. At the hind-margin
small spots. Hindwing creamy white. Distal margin as far as vein 2 pale brown. 44 mm. Natal.

C. fuscomarginalis Wichgr. Ground-colour of forewing yellow, with a brown marking similar to
marginalis (15 c). Hindwing pale orange. 42 mm. East Sudan.

B. Antennae of the dentate and tufted.

C. vittata Drc. Thorax brownish -white. Abdomen above pink. Forewing brownish-white with 3
brown spots at the costal margin. From the two distal ones one faded band each extends to the hind-
margin which is likewise darkened. Besides a faded line before the margin. Hindwing yellowish-white, at
the hind-margin somewhat pink with a brown discal spot. — buea Apr/. (13 i) only differs in its lighter forewing.
The faded bands of the forewing are hardly recognisable. 38 to 42 mm. Cameroon.

C. neurophaea Hmps. (15 c). The whole body is yellowish- white. Tegulae and thorax with some
black dots. Wings of a pure white with black discal dots. On the forewing a fine black dot at the base of the
wing, veins fine dark. 38 mm. Gold Coast, Cameroon, Spanish Guinea.

C. Antennae of the $ dentate, forewing with a radial band.

C. leucanioides Holl. (15 c). Thorax brownish-white with a blackish-brown median streak. Abdomen
carmine with black dorsal spots. Forewing brownish-white, somewhat hyaline, with a long blackish-brown
streak below the cell. A dot at the lower cell-angle and 2 short streaks behind it. Hindwing greyish- white,
more intensely hyaline. The band on the forewing may also be absent. — brunneipennis Brtl. has a darker
hindwing, almost of the same colour as the forewing. 38 mm. East Africa, Cameroon, Ogowe.

C. punctivitta Wkr. (15 d). Body and wings lighter than in leucanioides. Thorax without a black
streak. Wings almost not hyaline. - — - Although the thorax has a black streak, Strand places his notivitta to
this species. Thorax and forewing more brownish. Forewing at the cell-end only with a dot behind which
there are no streaks. Hindwing with a black spot between veins 5 and 6. Type in a private collection. 42 to
44 mm. Natal ( notivitta ), Sudan.

Publ. 7. VII. 1926.

DIONYCHOPUS; DIONYCHOSCELIS; SEIRARCTIA. By M. Gaede.

105

10. Genus: Dioiiycliopus H.-Schdff.

Proboscis and palpi short. Antennae of $ very finely dentate. Anterior tibiae on the inside with a
bent claw. Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. Eorewing rather narrow. Veins 10 and 1 1 separate, without an
accessory cell.

D. amasis Or. (15 d). Thorax white, abdomen carmine with black dorsal dots, broad or absent, amasis.
Forewing white, often in the centre suffused with brownish. With 2 strongly dentate black lines and behind
them an S-shaped line. On the cross- vein some black dots. The whole marking may also be almost absent.
Hindwing orange-yellow with a large black central spot ant mostly some antemarginal ones, 48 to 58 mm.
Transvaal, Natal, Cape Colony.

11. Genus: JMonyclioscelis Aur.

Separated from the preceding genus by broader forewings and the absence of vein 4 in the hindwing.

D. venata Aur. (13 i) is entirely white. Costal margin and veins on both wings blackish-brown. 66 mm. venaia.

Angola.

12. Genus: Seirarctla Pad.

Proboscis present, palpi short. Head and thorax covered with woolly hair. Antennae of $ with short
pectinations. Anterior tibiae with a long claw outside and a short one inside. Hind tibiae with terminal spurs.

In the forewing veins 10 and 11 are separate, 7 -f- 8 -f- 9 forked, without an accessory cell. Type: echo Pack.
from America. — Cf. Vol. XI, p. 320.

S. clara Holl. (15 c). Thorax greyish-brown or red-brown. Abdomen orange-yellow, at the base dara.
pink, with broad subdorsal black spots. Forewing pale flesh-coloured, irrorated with black, with 3 faded
lines, the central line being the most distinct. The spot on the cross-vein is large. Hindwing (d) white,
at the costal margin orange, or ($) pale pink, with a black central spot. 40 to 55 mm. East Africa.

S. immaculata Wichgr. is similar to clara (15 c). On the forewing 2 small brown spots at the base of immacula-
vein 4 and 6, and a bluish-grey line extending about 2 mm before the distal margin in 2 bows. The two proximal ia-

bands of clara are absent. Hindwing (d) dull yellowish-white, at the margin reddish-yellow, without a black
central spot. 34 mm. Angola.

S. approximans Rothsch. (15 d). The whole body and forewing is flesh-coloured. Abdomen at the approxi-
base somewhat red with black subdorsal spots. Forewing strewn with black, with a faded blackish proximal mans.
and distal band and a black luna on the cross- vein. Hind wing (d) white, all around margined with yellowish.

45 mm. East Africa.

S. melanocera Hmps. (= approximans Rothsch. £) (15 d). Thorax red-brown. Abdomen orange-yellow mdanocera.
at the base somewhat red, with black subdorsal spots. Forewing dark reddish-brown, powdered with blackish.

Proximal line blackish, at the hind-margin connected with a second line which begins at the base of vein 2.

Behind it a black central spot and a curved distal line. Hindwing (d) white or ($) pale reddish yellow. 42 to
52 mm. East Africa.

S. postalbida sp. n. (15 e). Thorax blackish -brown. Abdomen orange with black subdorsal spots, postalbida.
Forewing yellowish- white, densely irrorated with dark, with a black spot on the cross-vein and behind it.

Hindwing white with black central and marginal spots. 38 mm. Abyssinia. Type: 1 d hi the Berlin Museum.

S. translucens Griinb. (15 e). Head yellow, thorax brownish. Abdomen orange with black subdorsal translucens.

spots. Forewing yellowish-white, densely irrorated with dark, with 3 angular brown bands, the central one

being particularly broad. A black spot at the cross-vein and behind it, a brownish spot at the anal angle.

Hindwing (d) yellow with a black central spot and some antemarginal ones. 40 mm. East Africa.

S. alicia Hmps. (15 e). Thorax brown. Head and abdomen yellowish-brown with black subdorsal alicia.

spots. Forewing yellowish-white, irrorated with black. Hind-margin and fringe yellow. Behind the cell a

black spot. Hindwing (■$) orange-yellow, base and hind-margin pink, with black spots on the cross-vein and
before the margin. 36 mm. East Africa.

S. metaxantha Hmps. (15 e). The whole body is tan-coloured. Abdomen at the base carmine, with metaxantha.
black subdorsal spots. Eorewing tan-coloured, densely striated with red-brown, with 2 angular brown bands
and an indistinct third distal band. Cross- vein with a reddish lunar spot. Hindwing (<$) pale orange, at the
hind-margin somewhat red. 54 mm. Transvaal.

S. jacksoni Rothsch. (15 h). Body and forewing similar to melanocera , but the central band is complete jacksoni.
and behind the distal band there is yet a subterminal band. All 4 are very much faded. Hindwing in both sexes
not very different, brownish-yellow. 40 to 48 mm. East Africa.

XIV

14

106

PERICALLIA; TURUPTIANA; ANTARCTIA. By M. Gaede.

13. Genus: Pericallia Hbn.

Proboscis stunted, palpi well developed, head and thorax smoothly scaled. Hind tibiae with 2 pair
of spurs, all the spurs being short. On both wings veins 3, 4 and 5 rise somewhat separately. In the forewing
veins 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 are forked. From Spilosoma it is theoretically only separated by the scales instead
of the hair, but it is of quite a different exterior. The species are divided into 2 groups, the first of which
contains delicate species with broad wings, whereas the second contains strong forms. Geometrica, for instance,
is somewhat similar to a small Arctia flcivia. The genus is dealt with here in accordance with Hampson’s
conception; the palearetic Per. matronula is not" allied with the following species.

Group I. Forewing with transverse bands of large spots.

nephelistis. P. nephelistis Hmps. (= diluta Weym.) (15 f). Thorax dark greyish-brown with black dots. Abdomen

yellow with black spots. Forewing pale brownish-grey with 4 bands of dark brown spots and some marginal
spots. Hindwing yellowish white with black spots before the margin. 45 to 48 mm. Angola.
strigosa. P. strigosa Griinb. ( = hecate Faivc.) (15 f). Body pale orange, abdomen with black dorsal dots.

Forewing brownish-orange, irrorated with black, somewhat hyaline, with indistinct narrow dentate bands.
Hindwing pale orange at the margin, at the base whitish with a dentate median band which may also be absent ;
and spots before the margin. The $ has still more faded markings. 35 mm. South and South West Africa.
The type has an intense discal spot on the hindwing, also the other spots are more intense; abdomen more
reddish.

Group II. Forewing with intersecting lines, similar to A r c t. c a j a L.

ellioti. P. ellioti Btlr. (15 f). Thorax black and pink, abdomen pink with black spots. Forewing blackish-

brown with pinkish-white bands, one of which extends from the anal angle to % of the costal margin with 2
branches to the hincl-mai'gin. Another band from the anal angle to % of the costal margin, being crossed by
a band coming from the apex. Hindwing white (<J) or pink ($), with few black spots. 35 to 45 mm. East
Africa.

geometrica. P. geometrica Oberth. (15 e). Thorax black with pink margins. Abdomen red with large black spots.

Forewing black with pinkish-white lines. One in the submedian fold, then 2 intersecting ones from % of the
costal margin to % of the hind-margin and from 1/3 of the hind-margin t o The apex, forming a dent at vein 6.
kostlani. Hindwing white ($) or brownish pink ($). - — kostHarai Gaede is a small melanistic form. Head and thorax quite
black. On the forewing only the band in the submedian fold is present, the others being indicated by marginal
dots. Hindwing ($) yellowish. 36 to 55 mm. Abyssinia.

melanimon. P. nielanimon Mab. (15 f). Thorax and fore wing dark red-brown. Abdomen above orange with black

ring-margins. Hindwing blackish-brown. Costal margin in both wings orange-yellow, in the hindwing also
the hind-margin, a luna on the cross-vein and the fringes are orange-yekow. 38 mm. Madagascar.
guineae. P. guineae Strd. (15 g) is undoubtedly no Acantharctia as which it was described, though it is rather

difficult to ascertain where it belongs to, since its forelegs and antennae are absent. On account of the resemblance
in the scheme of markings it is placed hereto. Thorax dark brown; abdomen carmine with black margins.
Forewing dark brown. Marking lighter brown with yellowish white margins. A band on the median vein and
farther to the distal margin below the apex. A transverse band to somewhat before the centre of the costal
margin, and 2 narrow ones to 1/5 of the costal margin and 1/5 of the hind-margin. A broad band from % of
the costal margin to the anal angle and along the distal margin. Hindwing pale brown with a narrow median
band and a broad submarginal band. 52 mm. Spanish Guinea.

14. Genus: Ttu^sptiaiia Wkr.

Proboscis short, palpi moderately long. Antennae of <$ strongly dentate. Hind tibiae with 1 pair of
spurs. In the forewing veins 10 and 11 are separate, veins 7 + 8 + 9 forked. But one Ethiopian species in
the otherwise purely American genus. Type: obliqua Wkr. from Mexico. - — Cf. Vol. VI, p. 312.

oehthoeba. T. ochthoeba Hmps. (15 f). Thorax and apex of abdomen white, abdomen above orange. Forewing

white, between the veins brownish. Hindwing white, thinly scaled. 44 mm. North West Rhodesia.

15. Genus: Antaretia Hbn.

Proboscis absent. Palpi porrect, densely haired. Thorax broad, with woolly hair, head drawn in.
Antennae of $ with double long pectinations, in the £ shorter. Forewing broad. Veins 3, 4, 5 somewhat separate,
vein 6 below the upper cell-angle. Veins 7 + 8 + 9 forked, 10 and 7 forming an accessory cell. In the hindwing
also veins 3, 4, 5 rising somewhat separately. Type: brunnea Hbn. from South America. • — Cf. Vol. VI, p. 321.

PROSCHALIPHORA; GRAMMARCTIA ; PROCANTHIA; ANAPHELA. By M. Gaede.

107

A. atrifascia Rothsch. (15 g). Thorax reddish-brown. Abdomen and forewing yellowish-brown. Eorewing atrifascia.
with a faded black streak below the cell as far as the base of vein 2 and a little above it in the cell, extending
to the beginning of vein 5. On the cross-vein and at the margin black dots. Hindwing more brownish, particu¬
larly at the margin. 32 mm. East Africa.

A. angustipennis Wkr. (15 g). Thorax somewhat reddish-brown. Abdomen and wings ochreous- angusiipen-
brown. Fore wing with blackish-brown stripes at the median vein and vein 1. 50 mm. Cape Colony. - — It
might be possible that this is the $ of atrifascia, as in this genus the difference of size of the sexes is considerable.

VI. Group of Genera.

In the place of the genuine Arctiinae which are not represented in Ethiopian Africa, we insert here a number of genera
that are not connected with any of the groups of genera hitherto dealt with , and which, excepting Rhodogastria, scarcely look
like Arctiidae. Though there are doubts with respect to these genera, yet it is certain that all the species which were later
on placed to the type Anaphela stellata, which is n o Agaristida, are genuine Agciristidne, mostly from the genus Rhodia Ww.

This is probably the place of juncture between the great division of N bciuiform.es composed of the Agaristidae +
Noctuidae, the close alliance of which has often been hinted at (Yol. Ill, p. 5; Vol. VII, p. 3; Vol. XI, p. 1; Vol. XV, p. 1)
and the Arctianae, as well as between the Lymantriidae and the Ilypsinae.

The following genera differ also so much that they are difficult to comprise.

1. Genus: J*roseIiaIiphora Hmps.

Proboscis and palpi short, frons pointedly projecting. Antennae of G bipectinate. Tibiae with rather
long spurs, hind tibiae with 2 pairs. Neuration of forewing as in Antarctia. In the hindwing vein 5 is considerably
above the cell-angle. Type: cilricostata Hmps.

P. cilricostata Hmps. (15 g). Thorax yellow; abdomen orange, above somewhat brownish. Forewing cUricostaia.
pale yellow, margins lemon-coloured. A curved distal line of black dots, besides some dots at the cross-vein,
at vein 2 and below it. Hindwing lemon-coloured with a black median spot. 34 mm. East Africa.

P. butti Rothsch. (15 h). The whole body is yellowish-brown, wings silvery white. Forewing with 2 butti.
distinct black lines. The proximal line almost straight, vertical, the distal line S-shaped and touching the
streak on the cross-vein below. On both wings fine black marginal dots. Fringes in front and behind yellow.

28 mm. Natal, Cape Colony.

P. albida Hmps. (= trajecta Grunb.) (15 h) is similar to butti. Abdomen lighter yellow. On the forewing albida,
both lines are finer, almost parallel. 30 mm. South West Africa, Mozambicpie, Transvaal.

2. Genus: €*rammarctia Aur.

Proboscis present. Frons boss-shaped. Antennae thin in $ and 9- In the forewing vein 10 is separate
and forms an accessory cell with 7.

G. bilinea Wkr. (15 h). Head black, thorax yellowish-white, abdomen orange. Forewing yellowish- bilinea .
white with a black band in the submedian fold and a short one from the centre of the cell almost to the distal
margin. Fine black marginal dots. Hindwing orange-yellow. 28 to 30 mm. Natal, Mashonaland.

3. Genus: IProeauthia Hmps.

Proboscis absent, palpi short, frons somewhat boss-shaped. Antennae also in the $ pectinate. Thorax
broad, with rough scales. Tibiae with short spurs. Forewing pointed, veins 7 + 8 + 9 forked. Veins 9 and 10
form an accessory cell. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 are forked.

P. distanti Dew. (= argentea Hvips.) (15 g). Thorax yellow, mixed with grey and brown. Abdomen distanii.
orange with black margins. Forewing silvery white with 2 yellow, black-edged bands. The proximal one is
bent outward, almost touching the ring-macula. The distal one as far as vein 2 parallel to the distal margin,
then vertical. The central area in the $ for the greatest part black, in the $ but little black. Subterminal dots
black, fringes yellow. Hindwing white, in the $ at the margin somewhat brown. 30 to 40 mm. Cape Colony.

4. Genus: Anaphela Wkr.

Proboscis small. Palpi hairy, short. Antennae of A bipectinate. Thorax hairy. Neuration of forewing:
veins 3, 4, 5 separate; vein 6 rising below the upper angle; veins 8 + 9 + 10 forked, vein 10 together with

10S

RHODOGASTRIA. By M. Gaede.

stellata.

brunnea.

bipartita.

pannosa.

luteibarba.

fennia.

roseomargi-

nata.

rotlii.

metasarca.

carneola.

castanea.

mauritia.

vidua.

7 forming an accessory cell. In the hindwing veins 3 + 4 on a short fork, vein 5 rising above the cell-angle.
The only species looks like an Agaristida.

A. stellata Guer. (= luctifera Wkr.) (15 h). Head and tegulae red. Thorax black. Abdomen above
red with black margins. Forewing black with creamy-white spots. Two in the cell, a double spot on the cross¬
vein and a curved row of small spots before the margin. Hindwing red. Distal margin and fringes black. 36 mm.
Madagascar.

5. Genus: Uli o do ga stria Hbn.

**

Proboscis well developed, palpi erect, antennae of A finely dentate. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs,
the inside spurs being long. Forewing with a straight costal margin. Vein 6 below the upper cell-angle, veins
7 + 8 + 9 forked, vein 10 forming with 7 an accessory ceil. In the hindwing veins 3, 4, and 5 are somewhat
separate, veins 6 and 7 from the upper cell-angle. Vein 8 very far fused with the cell. Nearly all the species
are somewhat hyaline, either white or brown, and mostly so similar that they are only discernible by the figures.
Type: astrea Drury from India. - — Cf. Vol. X, p. 260.

Group. I. Inner angle of hindwing of the A somewhat produced, with a hair-
pencil in the h i n d marginal f o 1 d. Abdomen above red, unless different! y

stated.

R. brunnea limps. (= subvitrea Brtl.) (16 a). Thorax greyish-brown with black dots, abdomen
above orange. Forewing brown. Cross-vein darker, before it somewhat hyaline and also between veins 3 and 7.
Apex and distal margin densely scaled. Hindwing brown. In the cell and behind it hyaline. Hind-margin
orange. 50 mm. Togo, Niger District.

R. bipartita Rothsch. (16 a) is lighter brown than brunnea. Apex of forewing not dark, subapical area
thinly scaled. Hindwing not hyaline. In the basal area yellow, otherwise brownish, in the $ almost white.
48 mm. East Africa,

R. pannosa Grunb. (= sarconota Hmps.) (16 a). Thorax light brown, abdomen at the end darker red.
Forewing dark brown, in and behind the cell somewhat hyaline. Hindwing pale brown, behind the cell darker.
48 mm. Uganda, Niger District.

R. luteibarba Hmps. (16 b) is similar to pannosa. Abdomen at the base brown, otherwise pink. Both
wings pale brown, more intensely hyaline. Hindwing only at the hind-margin yet somewhat yellowish. 40 mm.
Togo, Cameroon, Niger.

Group II. Hair-pencil of <$ absent, otherwise quite similar to the preceding

species.

R. fennia Drc. (16 b). Thorax light red-brown, abdomen pink. Forewing red-brown, between the
veins 7 and 2 hyaline and also below them yet somewhat diaphanous. Hindwing red-brown. In, below, and
behind the cell hyaline. Veins and distal margin somewhat pink. 54 mm. East Africa, Niger District.

R. roseoniarginata Rothsch. (16 b). Body and forewing as in fennia. Hindwing more extensively
hyaline. Only the distal margin is narrowly pink, the hind-margin is brownish. In the $ the hind-margin is
somewhat angular. 44 to 48 mm. Togo, Niger District.

R. rotlii Rothsch. (16 b). Forewing somewhat darker, otherwise similar to roseomarginata. On the
hindwing also the hind-margin is pink, at the apex somewhat darker. 50 mm. Niger District.

R. metasarca Hmps. (16 c). Forewing pale red-brown. The diaphanous area behind the cell between
the veins 7 and 2 distally sharply defined, with red-brown veins. Hindwing flesh-coloured pink, in the cell
hyaline, at the apex brownish. A form of it is much less hyaline. 50 mm. Niger District, Gold Coast.

R. carneola Hmps. (16 c) resembles a pale metasarca. On the forewing the hyaline area is somewhat
retracted above vein 5. Hindwing almost quite hyaline, only at the margin flesh-coloured pink. 52 mm. East
Africa.

R. castanea Hmps. (16 c). Thorax and forewing coloured as in metasarca. The hyaline area is bordered
as in carneola, but a little more intensely scaled. Hindwing diaphanous. Distal margin broad and distinctly
brown, hind-margin pink. 50 mm. Niger District.

R. mauritia Stoll. Forewing reddish-brown. In, behind, and below the cell somewhat diaphanous,
indistinctly defined. Hindwing ochreous brown, in the centre somewhat diaphanous. 50 mm. Lagos, Congo.

R. vidua Or. (= puella F.) (16 b) is very similar to mauritia. Somewhat darker. The hyaline area
in the forewing is distally somewhat bent and at vein 5 extending almost to the margin. Besides the 2 black
basal dots in the cell, as in most of the species, another one at the costal margin. Hindwing pale brown, very
little hyaline. Range the same as of mauritia.

RHODOGASTRIA. By M. Gaede.

109

R. thermochroa Hmps. (16 c) is recognisable by the yellow abdomen. Forewing brown, behind the cell thermo-
hyaline. Hindwing intensely hyaline, margin narrowly pale brown. 46 mm. East Africa.

R. phaedra Weym. (16 c). Forewing only at the cross-vein somewhat hyaline, otherwise brown, phaedra.
Hindwing orange-brown, rather round. 42 to 55 mm. East Africa.

R. madagascariensis Mob. (= vitripennis Blch.) has the size and colouring of bauri (16 c). The hyaline madagasca-
area of the forewing is not margined with dark. Hindwing somewhat less hyaline, in the proximal area pink. riensis.
62 to 65 mm. Natal, Madagascar.

R. bauri M.schlr. (16 c). Abdomen pale yellowish-pink. Forewing pale brown. In and behind the bauri.
cell hyaline. Hyaline area below vein 5 distally projecting, distally bordered with dark. Hindwing pale brown,
semi-transparent. All around the margin more densely scaled. 58 to 65 mm. South West Africa, Transvaal,

Natal.

R. saalmiilleri Rothsch. (= vidua Saalm.) (16 d) resembles a small bauri. Abdomen above more saalmulleri.
intensely red, beneath purely white. 40 to 45 mm. Madagascar.

R. vitrea Plotz (16 e). Thorax and forewing somewhat darker brown. Forewing just as intensely vitrea.
hyaline as saalmulleri, cross-vein only narrowly brown. Hindwing almost quite hyaline, only at the margin
narrowly scaled. 46 to 50 mm. Sierra Leone, Niger District, South Africa.

R. affinis Rothsch. (16 e). The light area in the forewing does not extend so far towards the base in affinis.
the cell. Hindwing at the apex broadly brown, then very narrowly onward, otherwise almost entirely diaphanous.

52 mm. Natal.

The following species more or less white.

R. aldabrensis Fryer (13 i). Thorax chalky white, abdomen above carmine. Forewing white, with aldabrensis.
a brown hue, only at the margins more intensely powdered. An apical spot as far as vein 4 smoky brown.

Hindwing white, semi-transparent. 40 mm. Seychelle Is.

R. nigroapicalis Aur. (16 d). Larger, of a purer white. Forewing with a smoky brown apical area nigroapica-
narrowly extending almost to the anal angle. Hindwing at the apex somewhat smoky brown, below vein 2
pinkish-white. In specimens from Fernando Po the hindwing is not brown. In all the specimens the hindwing
lacks vein 4. 56 to 62 mm. Cameroon, Fernando Po. *

R. fuscivena Hmps. (16 e). Thorax and abdomen yellowish-white, the latter at the end pink. Wings fuscivena.
brownish-white. Veins of forewing blackish-brown. 52 mm. Uganda.

R. nigrivenosa Griinb. (16 f) is separated by the purely white ground-colour of the wings being uniformly nigrivenosa.
slightly diaphanous. Veins of forewing blackish-brown. Abdomen above quite red, beneath white. 52 mm.

Central Africa.

R. leucoptera Hmps. (16 e). Thorax and abdomen at the base white, the rest above carmine. Wings leucoptera.
white, semi-transparent. 52 mm. Sierra Leone. — In subleucoptera Strd. from East Africa the hindwing is subleuco-
somewliat pink at the hind-margin. ptera.

R. niveivitrea Brtl. (= subleucoptera Strd.) (16 d) is just as large and very similar to leucoptera. On niveivitrea.
the fore wing a more densely scaled white distal area is similarly defined as in the brown species (for instance
bauri , saalmulleri). 52 mm. Cameroon. - — In all the specimens of niveivitrea vein 4 of the hindwing is absent,
which intimates an alliance with nigroapicalis. Maybe that niveivitrea is merely a not dark-margined nigroapicalis .

Group III. $ with a small hair-pencil between the antennae.

On the forewing at the base of the costal margin somewhat inflated. All the spe¬
cies are white.

R. bubo Wkr. (16 d). Thorax yellowish- white, abdomen above yellow. Wings white. Forewing from bubo.
the cell-end to the apex somewhat hyaline. 60 mm. East, Central, and West Africa.

R. atrivena Hmps. (16 f). Abdomen also above white. Veins of forewing blackish-brown. 58 mm. atrivena.

Uganda.

R„ rufifemur Wkr. (16 f). Smaller. Thorax slightly yellowish. Abdomen white with 2 lateral rows rufifemur.
of black dots. Hind wing somewhat hyaline. 48 mm. Congo.

R. lupia Drc. (= nivaria Weym.) (16 e). White, feebly lined with yellowish. Abdomen above in lupia.
the centre pink. Forewing on the subcostal veins and vein 2 finely black, with a transparent streak at the
cross-vein. Both wings at the margins more densely scaled, in the centre somewhat diaphanous. ■ — In sanguinota
Strd. the abdomen is red as far as the end, otherwise not different. — 38 to 42 mm. East Africa, Transvaal.

R. magnifica Rothsch. (16 d). Abdomen above in the terminal half carmine. Forewing with black magnifica.
basal dots and a pale brown band from the centre of the costal margin to the anal angle. The distal part
oi the costal margin, and the distal margin as far as vein 4 are pale brown. The enclosed space is somewhat
diaphanous. Hindwing white, at the cell-end and behind it somewhat hyaline. 74 mm. East Africa.

110

PHRYGANOPTERYX; PARAPHRY GIA ; TERACOTONA. By M. Gaede.

strigilata.

feminina.

saalmullcri.

rectangula-

ta.

euprepia.

trifasciata.

pardalina.

euprepioi-

des.

rliodophaea.

quadripunc-

tatci.

obscurior.

irregularis.

6. Genus: Phryganopteryx

Proboscis present, palpi long, antennae thin in $ and + tibiae with short spurs. Veins in the forewing:
vein 3 far before the angle, veins 7 + 8 + 9 forked, 10 forming with 7 an accessory cell. In the hinclwing vein
3 rises from the angle, vein 4 + 5 on a short fork. Type: strigilata Saalm.

P. strigilata Saalm. (16 f). Head black, tegulae yellow. Thorax and abdomen at the beginning and
end blackish-brown, otherwise carmine. $: forewing greyish-brown with numerous short black longitudinal
streaks and a distinct spot in the centre of the cs^l. Hindwing blackish-brown, with a yellow spot at the apex.
3 with shorter broader wings. Forewing more brownish. The dark streaks only in the distal area distinct.
A large basal spot is yellow and faded. 65 mm. Madagascar.

P. feminina Rothsch. + similar to the $ of strigilata in the shape of the wings and the marking of
the forewing. Separated from strigilata -<$ by the dark spotless thorax. Abdomen at the base with 3 (instead
of 2 ) blackish-brown segments. Hindwing black. $: forewing narrower than in strigilata the striation more
intense, larger. Besides a series of black triangular marginal spots. 66 to 68 mm. Madagascar.

P. saalmiilleri Rothsch. Thorax drab; abdomen red with black median spots, at the base yellowish-
grey, apex orange-broAvn. Forewing wood-coloured grey, with whiter veins. On the veins black dots forming
the proximal line, and streaks forming the distal line. Black spots at the costal margin, in the median fold
and in the cell. Hindwing (3) inside greyish-brown, outside wood-coloured grey. Hindwing of $ paler. 40 to
42 mm. Madagascar.

7. Genus: l*sirai>liryg;ijt Hmps.

Separated from the preceding genus by the veins, otherwise of a similar exterior. In the forewing veins
4 + 5 on a short fork, veins 7 + 8 + 9 forked, 10 forming with, the fork of 8 + 9 an accessory cell. Hinclwing
rounded. Vein 2 near the angle, veins 3 + 5 on a short fork. 8 far connected with the cell.

P. rectangulata Kenrick. (16 f). Thorax white and greyish-brown. Abdomen carmine, at the beginning
and end orange-yellow. Forewing creamy-white. A proximal and distal band of large faded brown spots. Black
streaks at the veins. Hindwing pale yellow. 48 mm. Madagascar.

8. Genus: Teracotoua Btlr.

Proboscis and palpi short, antennae thin. Anterior tibiae short with a double claw. Hind tibiae cclth
1 pair of spurs. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 + 8 forked, 10 mostly forming with 7 an accessory cell. In the
hindwing vein 5 far above the angle, veins 6 + 7 forked. Type: rliodophaea Wkr.

T. euprepia Hmps. (16 g). Thorax brownish-white. Abdomen orange with subdorsal black spots.
Forewing yellowish flesh-coloured. Veins black. Proximal line strongly bent, distal line excurved at vein 4.
Vein 4 and the cross-vein are blackish broAvn. Hindwing carmine with a black luna and often some spots before
the margin. - — trifasciata Brtl. (16 h). The two bands on the forewing are somewhat broader and behind them
there is yet a third being somewhat widened at the hind-margin and above vein 5. - — pardalina Brtl. (= flavi-
pennis Brtl.) (16 g) has 4 bands on the forewing. The two bands of the typical form are here narrow, the distal
band (the third in trifasciata ) and the band in the median area being very broad. Sometimes they are broadly
confluent in pairs. Hindwing more orange. — rufipennis Strd. is 1 + of pardalina, in which the otherwise broad
band in the median area is narrow and extends within the base of vein 2. 40 to 55 mm. East Africa, Uganda,
Transvaal.

T. euprepioides Wichgr. Forewing creamy. On the first and second thirds 2 brown irregular bands.
The proximal one is angular, formed of 7 spots. The second is interrupted at vein 5. A subapical band extends
to vein 5. 56 mm. Angola.

T. rhodophaea Wkr. (16 g). Thorax yellowish-white, abdomen as in euprepia. Eorewing broAvnish-
white with a brown marking. Proximal line fine, sharply angular, may be absent. Median band proximally
distinctly, distally more indistinctly defined, curved. At the cross-vein a black luna. Distal line dentate. Behind
it a faded brown band and a light dentate line. Hindwing carmine with a black central dot. — quadripunctata
Wichgr. ( = buryi Rothsch.) (16 g). In the hindwing with a large lunar spot and 3 large spots before the margin.
— obscurior Wichgr. The two marginal spots in the forewing of rhodophaea beneath likewise large. The spots
on the hindwing are larger, beneath almost forming a band. — irregularis Gaede (16 h) may be an extreme
form of it (with abnormal neuration). Forewing brown, bands not noticeable. On the hindAving above only
the costal margin and hind-margin, beneath also yet narrowly the distal margin carmine, otherAvise black.
Beneath the forewing is carmine, behind the black lunar spot dark brown. 38 mm. Senegal. - — The other forms
40 to 46 mm. Togo.

CARPOSTALAGMA; CARYATIS. By M. Gaede.

Ill

T. subterminata Hmps. (= sordida Rothsch.) (16 g). Thorax and forewing red-brown, abdomen suUermina-
reddish orange with black spots. Forewing densely dotted with black. Cross-vein and the curved distal line
indistinct, lead-coloured black. Hindwing yellowish-white with a black central spot, at the costal margin
orange-red. $ greyish-brown instead of red-brown. Hindwing carmine, more intensely spotted. 40 mm. Kili¬
manjaro.

T. pruinosa de Joan. (16 h). $. Thorax and forewing yellowish-brown, abdomen carmine without pruinosa.

black spots. Forewing densely powdered with brown. Hindwing pale red. Both wings with a black lunar spot.

52 mm. Eritrea.

T. homeyeri Rothsch. (16 h). + Thorax tan-coloured; abdomen orange, at the base red. Forewing homeyeri.
pale tan-coloured, costal margin carmine. Hindwing yellowish- white. Both with a black spot at the cross¬
vein. $ with a lighter thorax. Hind-margin of forewing carmine, hindwing orange-yellow. Both with a large
black luna. 50 to 60 mm. Angola, East Africa.

T. submacula Wkr. is a very variable species which must perhaps also be separated into 2 species, submacula.
Thorax brown, abdomen ochreous-yellow, with subdorsal black spots. Forewing white, intensely irrorated
with brown; on the cross- vein a black luna. Hindwing white (A), slightly irrorated with brown, at the hind-
margin pink with a black lunar spot. Hindwing of $ carmine. Cape Colony. • — obscura Wkr. Forewing with dbscura.
a more or less developed median and distal band, brown; — debilis Fldr. (16 h) has, besides these two bands, debilis.
also a more distinctly developed proximal band. Natal. — ■ albiplaga form. nov. Forewing with quite faded albiplaga.
markings excepting a distinct white basal spot below the cell extending to vein 2. Besides a white dentate
line before the margin. South West Africa. — strigosa Mschlr. (= rosea Btlr.). Forewing reddish-grey, densely strigosa.
powdered with blackish-brown, with a black lunar spot on the cross- vein. An obsolete cuived median and
distal band is recognisable. Hindwing of £ ochreous-yellow, at the costal margin and hind-margin broader
pink than submacula and the other forms, of $ pink with a large lunar spot. Natal. - — natalica Mschlr. Ground- natalica.
colour of forewing yellowish-white. A curved proximal line is rather distinct; the whole median area is dark,
mostly in the centre somewhat strangulated. Behind it a distal band and spots before the margin. Natal.

In Entom. Tidskr. 1899, p. 238 seq., Prof. Aurivillius deals with quite a series of Arctiids which are doubtful to
him, such as Arnphicallia incomparabilis Mab., Spit, colini, robleti, Arct. gala.ctina Slab. As they have mostly also been omitted
in Hampson’s treatise on the Arctiids of the British Museum, they have also been left out in our work.

VII. Subfamily: CaSlImorpliioae.

The African Callimorphinae are not numerous, hut in the genus Arnphicallia they contain very large and variegated
species, though no African species is able to compete with the gigantic Indian forms such as Moorca argus many specimens
of which are even much larger than that figured in Vol. X, pi. 26 f. The yellow and black colours are also much represented
in the African Callimorphinae. Their figure is slender and graceful, the abdomen, which in the Arctiinae is often clumsy and
behind very stout, is here much more graceful and mostly purely cylindrical. The neuration of the Callimorphinae already
approximates the following group from which, however, they are distinguished by the larvae of which not many are yet known.

In contrast with the rather monophagous Nyctemerinae being almost entirely confined to Senecio, many Callimorphinae are
polyphagous. The imagines fly in the daytime, but also at night, just like the European Hera ( Callim . quadripunctata ) which
was discovered by C. Dietzs swarming on blossoms at 11 p. m. (Seitz.)

Characterized by a moderately long proboscis, a somewhat longer proboscis than in most of the Arctiinae.

In the forewing an accessory cell may be present or absent. In the hindwing vein 8 is only at the base fused
with the cell for a short distance.

1. Genus: ClarpostalagiMii Karsch.

Second and third palpal joints long. 3 antennae filiform. In the forewing veins 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 forked,
veins 10 forming an accessory cell with 7. In the hindwing vein 5 rises far above the angle, veins 6 + 7 forked,
vein 8 near the base slightly fused with the cell, for which reason the genus was ranged here. Otherwise the
only species makes the impression of an Agaristida. The thickened apex of the $ abdomen is also found in
some Hypsidae.

C. viridis Plotz (18 a). Thorax and abdomen orange. Forewing brownish green, often almost black, viridis.
Near the base below the cell a large whitish-yellow spot. Hindwing as far as the cell-end and anal angle orange-
yellow. Distal margin broadly bluish-black. 30 to 40 mm. Cameroon, Spanish Guinea, Congo, Ruwenzori.

2. Genus: Caryatis Hbn.

Palpi projecting beyond the head, but shorter than in Carpostalagma. Antennae of filiform. In the
forewing veins 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 forked. In the hindwing vein 5 is differently shaped, vein 6 and 7 from
the same place. Vein 8 is somewhat longer fused with the cell. Type: phileta Drury.

C. phileta Drury (18 a). Thorax tan-coloured, with black and carmine stripes. Abdomen orange- phileta.
yellow with black dots. Forewing blackish-brown, veins as far as the transverse band finely yellow. Band

112

KARSCHIOLA; ARGINA; AMPHICALLI A . By M. Gaede.

hers ilia.

stenoperas.

syntomina.

holoclera.

cribraria.

panthera-

ria.

amanda.

leonina.

white, from 3/5 of the costal margin to a little above the anal angle, in the first third inside and outside somewhat
thickened. Hind wing orange-yellow with a black margin to vein 2. In the hindwing vein 5 is almost invariably
entirely fused with 4. 40 to 50 mm. Sierra Leone, Cameroon, Congo.

C. hersilia Drc. (18 a) is similar to phileta. Thorax and abdomen orange-red instead of yellow. On
the fore wing the outer edge of the white band is straight or at vein 4 somewhat angular, its inner edge
incurved towards the cross-vein. Hindwing orange-red instead of yellow. Only exceptionally the abdomen
and hindwing are as yellow as in phileta. Vein 5 is still present as a short branch on vein 4. 40 to 50 mm.
Range of phileta.

C. stenoperas Hmps. Forewing lighter greyish-brown, the white band in the centre somewhat expanded.
Hindwing orange-red with a black margin. 50 bum. Uganda.

C. syntomina Btlr. (18 a). The white band of the forewing is about equally broad. Abdomen yellow,
spotless. Hindwing dingy white. The blackish-brown marginal band almost extends to the anal angle, its
inner edge being faded. Cross- vein blackish-brown. The white places in both the wings somewhat transparent.
In the hindwing the cell is considerably longer, vein 5 rises with 4 from the same place, vein 8 is much longer
fused with the cell than in the other species, so that there remains but little alliance with the other species of
Caryatis. 42 to 48 mm. Cameroon, Sierra Leone.

(C. rubriceps Mab. (Bull. Soc. Z. Fr. 1878) is omitted here, as it probably does not belong to this genus.
The author compared it with Arctia villica.)

3. Genus: Karscliiola gen. nov.

Palpi and antennae as in Caryatis. Margin of forewing somewhat concave above vein 1. Neuration:
vein 3 far before the lower cell-angle, 4 and 5 from the angle. Vein 6 from the upper angle together with
veins 7 + 8 + 9 + 10. In the A also vein 11 is yet long-stalked, in the $ (type) not. On the hindwing near
the anal angle at the hind-margin a very strong scent-pouch in the A- Neuration: vein 3 far before the lower
cell-angle, vein 5 far above it, 6 -f- 7 forked (A) or from the same place, vein 8 fused with the cell for a long
distance. ,

K. holoclera Karsch (18 b). Blackish-brown. Tegulae orange-yellow. Abdomen at the end red, in
the A the extreme apex is again blackish-brown witli white lateral and sublateral dots. Forewing with a pale
yellow band from 3/5 of the costal margin to the distal margin near vein 2. Hindwing in the cell and somewhat
below it white, in the almost as far as the hind-margin. There above the anal angle a pouch with strong
yellowish white scent-hairs. 60 to 65 mm. A from Lindi; +type from Usambara.

4. Genus : Argiiia Him.

Palpi as long as frons. Antennae of A filiform. Neuration of forewing: vein 6 from the upper angle,
veins 7 + 8 + 9 forked, 10 forming with 7 a long narrow accessory cell. In the hindwing vein 5 rises above
the cell-angle, 6 and 7 from the same place. Vein 8 near the base for a short distance fused with the cell.
Hindwing of A M the anal angle pointedly extended. Type: cribraria M.

A. cribraria Clerck. (Vol. X, pi. 26 d). The whole body and hindwing orange-yellow. Forewing mostly
somewhat more reddish, with 5 rows of black spots surrounded with bluish; besides some spots at the base
and on the cross-vein. Hindwing with a few black spots (mostly 4) and a row of submarginal spots. — In
pantheraria Fldr. (18 b) the spots on the forewing are bluish-black without a black centre. 35 to 38 mm.
East Africa, Madagascar, and in the neighbouring islands. — The species has been dealt with in the Indian
part (Vol. X, p. 264).

A. amanda Bsd. (= ocellina Wkr., cingulifera Wkr., albocincta Rmb.) (18 b). Both wings are equally
intensely orange-yellow. The black spots on the forewing arranged in the same way as in cribraria. Sometimes
the spots at the costal margin are somewhat confluent or margined with a yellowish white. Hindwing mostly
only with a black spot at the cross- vein, besides the marginal spots. 35 to 42 mm. East Africa, Madagascar,
South Africa, Cameroon.

A. leonina Wkr. (18 b) may only be an extreme form of amanda. Forewing paler yellow. The white
edge of the black dots are expanded into broad bands, almost removing the ground-colour. Hindwing the same
as in amanda. Beneath in the forewing the black dots are surrounded by intense dark bands. 40 to 48 mm.
Sierra Leone, Togo, Tanganyika.

5. Genus: Ainphlcal] an Aur.

Palpi as long as frons. Antennae of $ filiform. Neuration of forewing: Vein 6 from the upper angle,
veins 7 + 8 and 9 + 10 forked. In the hindwing 5 rises a little above the cell-angle, veins 6 and 7 slightly
separated. Type: bellatrix Dalm.

Publ. 4. X. 1926.

NYCTEMERINAE; SEGTfSIO. By M. GaedE.

111!

A. pactolicus Btlr. (18 a). The whole body is orange-yellow with some black spots on the thorax; pactolicus.
apex of abdomen black. Wings orange-yellow. On the forewing 3 uniformly bent continuous bands. Before
them an incomplete one at the base, behind it an interrupted band. The black marginal spots are partly fused.

Hindwing with a continuous broad marginal band which is but rarely interrupted or yellow-spotted. All the
bands with a blue reflection, only the edges purely black. 62 to 72 mm. East Africa, Cameroon, Togo.

A. bellatrix Dahn. (18 a). Orange-yellow. Abdomen with intense black dorsal and lateral spots, beneath bellatrix.
quite black. The bands on the forewing are more irregular, particularly the third being very angular and mostly
touching the second at the median vein. Hindwing with a median band, an intense spot on the cross-vein,
and an interrupted marginal band. Colouring of bands as in ‘pactolicus, frequently outside yet edged with a
light colour. 50 to 65 mm. Natal, Helagoa Bay.

A. tign's Btlr. (18 b). Forewing mostly somewhat paler than in bellatrix. The bands are narrower, tigris.
the third more feebly angled. Hindwing typical without a median band. A spot on the cross-vein and 2 long
submarginal stripes. Abdomen above mostly spotless, beneath black. - — thelwalli Drc. (= incomparabilis thelwalli.
Mab.) (18 b) has the third band on the forewing rather somewhat more angular. On the hindwing the spot
at the cross-vein is very large, the marginal band being very broad. Apparently only the $ occurs. — zebra zebra.
Rghf. differs in the third band of the forewing being interrupted in the submedian fold; it is probably to be
regarded as a synonym. — piceosignata Brtl. (18 c) is a very extreme form. Forewing light yellow, whereas in piceosig-
all the thelwalli in the Berlin Museum it is as dark as the hindwing. The 3 bands are merely represented by riatc

small black spets at the costal margin, the first being sometimes more complete. A normal basal spot and one
on the cross-vein. The fourth band is composed of 3 spots as in typical tigris. Margin rather more intensely
black. Hindwing in the $ as in tigris, in the $ as in thelwalli. The abdomen is also above intensely blackened
except at the base. The marking of the wings exhibits only a slight blue gloss. 55 to 70 mm. East Africa.
solai Drc. is probably a synonym of piceosignata.

A. kostlani Strd. (18 c). Body as in tigris. Forewing yellow. Bands shaped like those in tigris, but kostlani.
very much broader, at the costal margin they are joined in pairs. Hindwing paler than in tigris but otherwise
similarly marked. Marking with a slight blue gloss. $ 68 mm. Abyssinia. It may be an extreme form of tigris.

A. quagga Strd. (18 c). By the broad bands and the light colour it resembles kostlani. The third is quagga.
as strongly angled as in bellatrix (18 a). Colour and marking of hindwing similar to thelwalli, but besides with
an intense spot at the base of vein 2; marginal band at vein 4 not indented. Marking with a slight blue gloss.

1 $ 72 mm. East Africa. It may be an extreme form of bellatrix.

VIII. Subfamily: Nyctemerinae.

As to the Nyctemerinae, which are very closely allied to the preceding subfamily, we refer to Vol. II, p. 102, and
Vol. X, p. 266. Very many of the Ethiopian forms closely approximate the colouring generally represented by the Indian
forms on the plates 29 and 30 of Vol. X. Nevertheless single African species are inclined to mimicry, as for instance acraeina,
fuscipennis etc. which have copied the wide-spread habitus of an Acraeida. Besides the blackish-white colouring of most
of the Indian Nyctemerinae we also find the dark red hindwings in some species {j idler i, sulphur eovitta), which we had also
found in the palearctic region with Hipocrita jacobaeae, and in the Indian fauna with Curoba sangarida (Vol. X, pi. 26 e).
With respect to the habits the Ethiopian species probably differ little from their Indo-Australian allies; they are often found
swarming in the day-time, though some 4. also fly at night. In New South Wales I found the species Nyct. arnica (= conica
whirling there around the skirts of the forest in quite the same way as the Cieometrid males of Bupalus piniarius with us
use to swarm in May, whereas the Indian N. plagvjera exhibits a straight fluttering flight which makes it difficult to discern
it from Pierids flying at the same habitat. Whether the exterior of Planema exhibited by some forms of the African N. apicalis
is due to mimicry or whether it is merely a casual resemblance, mightbe decided by the ascertainment whether the imagines
have also assumed the characteristic Planema- flight. As most of them are provided with a very strong proboscis, they probably
drink from the honey of blossoms, in contrast with the Hip. jacobaeae which never goes on blossoms and even has an entirely
stunted proboscis.

As this group is denominated as N yctemerini in most of the catalogues and monographies (Kirby 1891 ; Pagenstecher
1901), and also the later authors such as Butler, Hampson etc. used the name Nyctemera, we have also kept to this conception
(Vol. II, Vol. X), in spite of Swinhoe (1903) having changed the name into Deilemera (type: evergista) owing to a misun¬
derstood interpretation *) of Hubner’s genus. (S..itz.)

1. Genus: Secusio Wkr.

Proboscis strong, palpi very long, porrect, antennae of bipectinate. In the forewing vein 6 rises from
the upper cell-angle, veins 7 + 8 + 9 on a long stalk, vein 10 forming with 7 a short accessory cell. In the
hind wing veins 6 + 7 on a short stalk, vein 8 almost as far as the middle fused with the cell. Type: strigata Wkr.

*) Hubner’s genus Nyctemera was founded upon the three most common species coleta, tripunctaria (atralba), and
lacticinia which, in fact, are the representatives of the most polytypical species of this genus. The fact that he did not range
. his types in front is due to the custom of his time. The diagnose which Swinhoe declares to be incorrect, is in fact as
correct as other two-lined diagnoses of Hubner are, too. There was no urgent reason for Swinhoe’e change. (Seitz.)

XIV

15

114

EOHEMERA. By M. Gaede.

doriae.

reticulala.

extensa.

somalien-

sis.

pubtularia.

pulverata.

puraia.

cinerea.

brunnes-

cens.

mania.

deilemera-

na.

strigata.

atrizonaia.

sansibarien-

sis.

fulleri.

flammea.

Group I. Antennae of $ with short bipectinations.

S. doriae Oberth. (= fasciata Aur., aurivillii Pagst.) (19 a). Thorax greyish-brown, abdomen orange.
Eorewing brownish-white with a brown basal and median band, the anterior half of a distal band and oblong
n arginal spots. Hindwing ($) brownish white or ($) white, with a broad brown margin. Central area hyaline.
The fore-wing n ay also be nearly white with strongly reduced markings. 40 mm. East Africa, Abyssinia. —
The neuration differs a little from the other species, for which reason Oberthur created the genus Pseudo-
callimorpha for it. — reticulata Hmps. In the forewing the spots are united, forming larger ones; the ground¬
colour is darker, the abdomen is lighter, at the end yellow. 40 mm. East Africa.

S. extensa Btlr. (18 d). Thorax and forewing greyish-white, abdomen above orange-yellow. Eorewing
near the base and in the subapical area with black dots. A dentate median band and spots before the distal
margin are brown. Hindwing yellowish- white. — In a $ from Greater Comoro in the Berlin Museum all the
spots and bands are quite fad.ed. 40 to 50 mm. Madagascar.

S. somaliensis Hmps. (18 d). Thorax and forewing greyish-brown. At the costal margin at y3 three
black dots and one at the hind-margin. A dentate median band and subterminal band are darker brown.
Between them some dots at the costal margin. All the markings are light-edged. 35 mm. Somaliland.

S. pustularia Wkr. (= privata I Vkr . ) (18 cl) is similar to a small extensa. Of the submarginal row of
dots only 2 dots above veins 3 and 4 are present ; above them brown spots. The spots before the distal margin
are mostly run out and form a band. Hindwing yellow, sometimes grey. 30 to 34 mm. South Africa.

S. pulverata Hmps. (18 e) is similar to a faded extensa. Forewing brownish- white. Median band
faded. At the base of vein 2, above and below vein 4 two black dots each and one at the costal margin.
Marginal dots of a variable distinctness. Hind wing whitish. 40 mm. South Africa.

S. purata Wkr. Greyish-brown. On the forewing between the veins brown streaks and black marginal
dots. Hind wing paler. 42 mm. Cape Colony. — With this or one of the two preceding species probably rostrata
Wallgr. is identical.

S. cinerea Pag. (= aganice Faux.) (18 cl). Thorax and forewing pale greyish-browm with some black
dots near the base of the wing, and 1 dot each at the bases of veins 3, 4, and 6. Hindwing orange-yellow.
36 mm. East Africa.

S. brunnescens Brtl. (= oberthihi Roihsch.) (18 d). Thorax and forew ing brownish-white, at the base
2 black dots. Hindwing dingy white. 26 to 30 mm. Lake Nyassa, Angola.

Group II. Antennae of $ f i 1 i f o r m.

S. mania Drc. (18 d). Thorax and forewing white, veins brown. Forewing more or less suffused with
brown at the apex. Hindwing orange-yellow. - — deilemerana Bird, has the forewing quite brown with a rather
distinctly defined oval white band. Hindwing with a narrow black margin. 40 mm. Delagoa Bay, Uganda.

S„ strigata Wkr. (= hymenaea Gerst., parvipuncta Hmps.) (18 d). Thorax and forewing blackish-
brown. Veins near the base light, with an oblique band of 4 or 5 yellowish-white spots which are sometimes
very small. Hindwing orange-red, margin often darker. 30 to 38 mm. East and South Africa.

S. atrizonata Hmps. The oblique band of strigata is absent here, but the hindwing is distinctly margined
with black, in the anterior part broadly, behind vein 2 only narrowly. 40 mm. Rhodesia.

S. sansibariensis Strd. (18 d) is somewhat similar to Eoh. fulleri in the scheme of markings. Abdomen
and wings orange-yellow. Hindwing somewhat more reddish. Forewing with a black costal margin. Distal
area broad black, in it a white subapical band. Hindwing with a black margin which is slightly indented at
vein 2. 44 mm. Zanzibar.

S. gaetana Oberth. (Et. Lep. Comp. 21, id. 139) is hardly a Secusio, but probably a Catocoline.

2. Genus: Eolicmera Aur.

In the scheme of markings similar to Secusio, Group II. Eorewing without an accessory cell, veins
7 + 8 + 9 + 10 on a long stalk, sometimes also vein 6 yet a little. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 from the
same place, vein 8 only at the base fused with the cell. Palpi and proboscis short. Hind tibia with 2 short
spurs. Type: fulleri Drc.

E. fulleri Drc. (18 e). Thorax and forewing blackish-brown with orange-yellow radial lines and a
white subapical band. Abdomen and hindwing orange-yellow or orange-red with a narrow black marginal
band; very small. 40 to 45 mm. Cameroon, Fernando Po, Gabxm.

E. flammea Schs. (18 e). Forewing of a pure black colour ($) without light veins, with a narrow
subapical band. The margin of the hindwing is much broader black. 50 mm ( + . Sierra Leone.

NYCTEMERA. By M. Gaede.

115

E. sulphureovitta Strd. (18 e). The band on the forewing is yellowish, narrower, situate more towards sulphureo-
the base, not quite reaching the costal margin and anal angle. Hindwing orange-red, margin in front broad,
behind narrow. 50 mm. Gold Coast.

E. albofasciata Drc. resembles fulleri. The subapical band is situate outside the cell and extends from albofascia-
the costal margin to the anal angle. Hindwing broadly margined with black, with dark stripes at the hind-
margin. In the $ the hindwing is lighter. 40 to 55 mm. Cameroon.

The two following species are doubtfully ranged here, since the forewing is much more pointed and
a proboscis is not to be ascertained.

E. biplagiata sp. n. (18 e). Thorax and forewing dark red-brown. At the cell-end and below it 1 large biplagiata.
white spot each, separated by the median vein. Abdomen orange-red with black dorsal dots. Hind wing orange-
red, narrowly margined with blackish-brown. 44 mm. Madagascar. 1 o in the Berlin Museum.

E. obscurascens Strd. (18 f). Blackish-brown. Forewing with a narrow white subapical band within obscuras-
the base of vein 4. Abdomen and hindwing likewise blackish-brown, without any marking. 38 mm. Cameroon,

Lagos.

3. Genus: XycU’iiiera Hbn.

Palpi long and thin, somewhat shorter than in Secusio. Antennae of strongly pectinate. Veins of
forewing: veins 3, 4 and 5 distantly separated, 6 from the upper angle, 7 + 8 + 9 forked. Veins 10 with 8
forming a very long accessory cell, 11 rising close at 10. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 on a short stalk. Vein
8 branching off near the base, as in Eoliemera. Type: coleta Stoll.

Group I. With abnormal forelegs of the <+

N. leuconoe Hpjfr. (18 f). Thorax and forewing blackish-brown. Veins in the central area of the leuconoe.
forewing light. Subapical band large, white. Fringe above the anal angle and below the apex white. Abdomen
above light brown with black lateral dots, beneath whitish. Hindwing white, somewhat hyaline with a blackish-
brown marginal band. - — limbalis Strd. The subapical band extends to the distal margin, in the sub edian Umbalis.
fold there is a light longitudinal patch. 40 to 45 mm. East Africa, DeJagoa Bay.

N. restricta Btlr. (18 f). The white band of the forewing is narrower, the black margin of the hindwing restricta
broader than in leuconoe. The white fringe extends to the apex on the forewing. — ottonis Strd. The subapical ottonis.
band extends to the distal margin. — subhyalina Strd. has besides yet a light stripe in the submedian fold, subhyalina.
45 to 50 mm. East Africa.

N. rasana Mob. Abdomen with black dorsal dots without a yellow lateral line. The band on the rasana.
forewing is yellowish -white. Below the cell a broad, somewhat hyaline stripe. Hindwing intensely hyaline
with a narrow marginal band. — In pauli Strd. (18 f) this band extends to the distal margin. 38 to 40 mm. pauli.
Greater Comoro, Madagascar.

N. seychellensis Hmps. (18 f). Abdomen with black lateral dots. The band on the forewing is proximad seychellen-
rather straightly defined and reaches the margin; the fringe is also white there. In the cell and the submedian sls-

fold there are fine light stripes. Hindwing broadly margined with dark. 45 mm. Seychelles.

N. plana Wichgr. The distal edge of the subapical band is straight, its proximal edge somewhat run plana.
out. Hindwing as in rasana. 34 mm. East Africa.

N. perspicua Wkr. (= fallax Holl.) (18 f). The band on the forewing is broad, very diaphanous, perspicua.
extending almost to the hind-margin. Below the cell hyaline of variable intensity. On the hindwing the black
margin is somewhat dentate. 42 to 50 mm. Sierra Leone, Togo, Cameroon, Spanish Guinea, Ruwenzori.

N. tramsitella Strd. (18 f). On the forewing the band is as broad and long as in 'perspicua , the light part transitella.
below the cell only very narrow. Hindwing as in rasana. Abdomen above black. 40 mm. East Africa.

N. howa Strd. (18 g). The band on the forewing as in perspicua, but only extending to vein 2; below hoiva.
the cell broadly white. Hindwing as in rasana. Abdomen light with black dorsal dots. 45 mm. Madagascar.

N. pallescens Oberth. (18 g). The typical form is almost white. The hind-margin, a spot above the pallescens.
base of vein 2 as far as the anterior edge of the cell, a subterminal band between the veins 3 to 5 pale brown.

Greater Comoro. — madagascarica Strd. has a darker marking and an indistinctly defined light subapical band, madagas-
Hindwing in both the forms of a pure white in the (J, feebly dark-edged in the Abdomen light with black
dorsal dots. 40 to 45 mm. Madagascar.

N. (?) gracilis Saalm. (18 g). Forewing white, at the apex and more narrowly towards the anal angle gracilis.
blackish-brown. By a somewhat irregular, pale brown oblique line a light subapical area is set apart. Hindwing
only at the apex somewhat blackish. Abdomen yellow with black dorsal dots. 36 mm. Madagascar.

D. chalcosidia Hmps. White. Costal margin of forewing pale brown. The brown oblique line of gracilis chalcosidia.
is here broader and fused with the brown distal margin at the hind-margin. Hindwing as far as vein 3 narrowly

116

NYCTEMERA. By M. Gaede.

seriatopunc- margined with black. At the hind-margin yellowish. Abdomen grey with black dots. 42 mm. — - seriatopunctata
talci. AUTm (18 g) is smaller (38 mm); on the abdomen 2 rows each of black dots. Subapical band of forewing narrower.
Ground-colour of hindwing purely white, not yellow. Congo.

Group II. Hind leg,s of abnormal.

insularis. N. insularis Bsd. greatly resembles rasana, but it is separated by the grey abdomen being above spotless

proletaria. with a fine yellow lateral line. — In proletaria Strd. (18 g) the white subapical band also covers the whole central
virgo. area. - virgo Strd. (18 h) may be a very extreme form of it. Ground-colour white, the subapical band indicated
as a hyaline spot. Hindwing hyaline, at the margin narrowly white, more densely scaled. Without any marking.
Madagascar.

consors. N. censors Btlr. The subapical band is said to be more obliquely placed than in insularis, reaching

the distal margin. Hind wing more broadly margined with black. Johanna I. A doubtful species which may
be identical with seychellensis (IS f ) .

apicnlis. N. apicalis Wkr. (= fuscipennis Wallgr., antinorii Oberth.) (18 h). Thorax and forewing blackish-

brown, between the veins black streaks. The subapical band is broad, with undulate margins. Hindwing with
tricolor, a rather broad margin. — tricolor Fldr. has mostly a narrower subapical band which is more or less orange.
persecta. A transition to it is bicolor Strd. ■ — - persecta Strd. The rather narrow white subapical band extends to the distal
communi- margin. — communicata Strd. is a transition to it. As to gigantea, liliputana, albiciliata, and albinotica Strd.,
ca/a ' it suffices to mention them. — From the similar leuconoe the type is easily separable by the latter lacking the
dorsal dots, and the intense yellow lateral line. 35 to 55 mm. Distributed almost everywhere in Ethiopian
Africa.

The following species are very large.

acraeina. N. acraeina Drc. (18 li). Forewing similar to a large apicalis. Hindwing brown with a rather narrow

pulverata. white median band behind which the ground-colour is lighter. — pulverata Strd. has a broader subapical band,

togoensis. distally powdered with dark. - — togoensis Strd. has a narrower subapical band, but in the hindwing a broader
auricolens. median band. - — auricolens Strd. has a narrow subapical band which is particularly proximad dentately defined.

On the hindwing behind the typical median band no light area. In transitoria Strd. this lighter area is someAvhat
more reddish than in the type. 60 to 70 mm. Togo, Cameroon, Spanish Guinea.

chromis. N. chrortiis Drc. (18 c). Forewing as in acraeina though somewhat lighter. Hindwing as far as beyond

tes&manm. the cell yellowish-brown, margin blackish-brown. - — lessen arm i Strd. (18 c) shows the subapical band proximad
more dentately defined. On the hindwing the central area is intensely darkened. 65 to 70 mm. Cameroon,
Spanish Guinea.

usambarae. N. usasnbarae Oberth. (18 li) by the powdered subapical band resembles pulverata Strd. Hindwing

white with a narrower black marginal band, proximad not sharply defined. 60 mm. Usambara.

arieticomis. N. arieticomis Strd. (18 h). In the forewing similar to usambarae. The margin on the hindwing is

only half as broad, with long rays on the veins. Beneath on the forewing below the cell as far as the hind-
sulpliurana. margin of a pure white. - — sulphurana Strd. has yellowish-white, instead of white hindwings. 60 mm. Cameroon.

Group III. All the legs of the normal.

biformis. N. biformis Mob. $ (19 b). Fore wing smoke-brown, in the central area diaphanous. Hindwing in the

central area narrowly white, diaphanous, otherwise also smoke-brown. Abdomen blackish. $ (= mabillei
Btlr.) white. Forewing at the costal margin narrowly, in the apical area broadly, and at the hind-margin rather
broadly blackish-brown. Hindwing narrowly black-margined. Abdomen white. Antennae of $ with short
combs.

The following species are very much alike, with finely dentate $ antennae.

simplex. N. simplex Wkr. ( = xanthura Plotz, glauce Fawc.) (19 a). Forewing with a broad, curved, dark marginal

band, the central area in the powdered with dark, only the veins being light. In the $ the central area is

white without the radial basal lines of druna. Hindwing white, with a narrow black marginal band. Abdomen

serrimargo. grey, dotted black. — serrimargo Strd. $ has a very narrow dentate margin on the hindwing. — paucipuncta

paucipunc- yq/Y/. YS said to exhibit fewer dorsal dots. Cameroon, Togo, Sierra Leone.
ta. °

ratirayi. N. rattrayi Swh. Forewing pale smoke-brown, in the central area thinly scaled and therefore lighter.

Hindwing white with a narrow blackish-brown margin. Abdomen white with black dorsal dots. 35 mm. Uganda .

druna. N. druna Swh. (19 a). Forewing white, at the costal margin narrowly blackish-brown. The dark

distal margin is uniformly bent. Above the hind-margin some dark radial stripes. Hindwing white, margin
narrow, rather equally broad dark. 40 mm. Ogowe.

HYLEMERA. - — Additions to the Arctiidae. By M. Gaede.

117

N. ugandicola Strd. (19 a). at the costal margin of the forewing narrowly blackish-brown. The ugandicola.
distal margin at the apex broader dark, so that the border-line goes beyond the base of vein 3 and an angle
is produced above vein 2. In the $ the costal margin is not dark. Hind wing white, with a narrow uniform ,

dark margin. Expanse of wings: 35 mm. Uganda. — anomala Holl. may be a synonym of it.

N. hemixaniha Aur. (19 a) is recognisable by the almost entirely yellow abdomen. The white ground- hemixan-
colour is not so transparent as in the other species. On the forewing the proximal edge of the blackish-brown ,/ia-

marginal band is slightly curved, therefore behind broader. <$ at the base of the wing with brownish rays. On

the hindwing the dark margin in the S is narrow, in the $ frequently broken up into spots. This form is probably
anomala Holl. 35 to 40 mm. Cameroon.

N. itokina Aur. (= camerunica Strd.) (19 a) is quite different. Pale brown, thorax without white Ho kina.

lines. Forewing with a narrow white subapical band; in the submedian fold faded or also distinctly light.

Hindwing white with a broad brown margin. — In a specimen from Lake Victoria this margin is very narrow.

25 mm. Cameroon.

N. marcida Swh. resembles a large itokina (19 a). Abdomen black with white segmental margins, marcida.

The streak of the submedian fold is on both ends pointed. 38 mm. Angola.

4. Genus: Myi emera Btlr.

Antennae of $ strongly pectinate. In the forewing vein 6 below the cell-angle, veins 7 + 8 + 9 forked,

7 forming with 10 an accessory cell, 11 as a fork from 10 and 12. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 not forked,

8 near the base united with the cell. Type: tenuis Btlr. Most of the species in Madagascar.

H. tenuis Btlr. White, semi-transparent. Eorewing at the base ochreous-yellow. The basal two fifths tenuis.
are defined by a dark line which ends at the costal margin in a large black spot. At the cell-end a small black
spot. Apex and distal margin broadly black. Hindwing with a small black spot at. the cell-end. Thorax black,
abdomen white. 32 mm. Madagascar.

H. Candida Btlr. Similar to tenuis. Snow-white. Forewing at the apex and distal margin broadly Candida.
smoke-brown, proximad slightly angular; 5 white spots near the proximal edge of the marginal band. At the
cell-end a smoky-brown spot. Base of wing ochreous yellow. 30 mm. Madagascar.

H. puella Btlr. is silky white, semi-transparent. Forewing at the apex and distal margin broadly paella.
blackish-brown, proximad forming an angle. At the base somewhat yellowish. Body greyish- white. 30 mm.
Madagascar.

H. nivea Btlr. is snow-white. Forewing on the cross-vein and at the apex greyish-black, therein a nivea.
submarginal white streak. Base of wing saffron-coloured. 28 mm. Madagascar.

H. f ragilis Btlr. also resembles puella. A black costal patch on the forewing. Distal margin narrower fragilis.
black than in nivea, strongly projecting at the veins. On the hindwing the cross-vein is not black. 30 mm.
Madagascar.

H. dexithea Drc. Forewing white. Apical third broad black, then the margin narrows down as far dexithea.
as the anal angle. Hindwing white with a black dot at the apex. Thorax and abdomen yellowish white. 30 mm.
Cameroon.

H. melusine Strd. (19 b). Forewing white with a black marginal and costal band, similar to Girpa nolata melusine.
Holl. Costal band narrower; the white spot in the marginal band is oblong, in front tapering. Margin of hindwing
at vein 2 widened. All the black marking is edged with yellow. Thorax and abdomen orange-yellow. 30 mm.

Upper Guinea.

H. (?) fadella Mab. Forewing yellow, powdered with a greyish brown, more scantily in the central fadella.
area, more intensely in the distal area which is set apart by a black, somewhat dentate line. Hindwing orange-
yellow with a black margin. Body yellow. 17 mm. Madagascar.

H. doleris Plotz, and the species neaera Drc., eurema Pldtz, and luteipes Mab., which were compared
with doleris, are probably all Geometridae.

Addition to the Arctiidae.

P. 68, line 12 from above, at Cine, nubica eliminate the reference (8 i).

118

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Arctiidae.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the Ethiopian Arctiidae.

* signifies that the form is also figured at the place cited.

abdominalis Sten. Roihsch. Novit, Zoolog. 17, p. 175.
aclirosis Lith. Hmps. Novit. Zool. Saf, p. 99. AS"

acraeina Ny.ct. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1882, p. 780.
aequalis Spil. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 687.
affinis Maen. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 127.
africana Chi. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 399.
africana Dig. Swh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 82.
africana Eug. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Br. Mus. 2, p. 545. *
aganais Dig. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. Het. 2. *
agaristoides Phaeg. Bsd. Spec. Clen. 2, p. 102. *
albescens Ams. Gaede Entom. Rundsch. 1923, p. 19.
albescens Carip. Hmps. Ami. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 232.
albescens Phr. Aur. Kilima-Njaro-Meru-Exp. 2 und 9, p. 24.
albicans Lith. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 5.
albicosta Dig. Pag. Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Nat. 56, p. 18.
albida Anaem. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. -2S- p. 101. if
albida Pol. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 463. *
albida Prosch. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4, p. 364.
albidula Lith. TFAr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 331.
albiplaga Ter. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 111. *
albofasciata Eoli. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 401.
albomacula Phaeg. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 75, p. 310.
aldabrensis Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 503. *
aldabrensis Rhod. Fryer Trans. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 18, p. 6. *
aldabrensis Ut. Fletch. Trans. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 13, S. 268.
alicia Seir. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Ltist. (8) 8, p. 410.
amanda Arg. Bsd. Yoy. Delagorg. 2, p. 597.
aniasis Dion. Cram. Papil. Exot. 3, Taf. 206. *
amatura Chi. Wkr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1863, p. 167.
amaurobapha Phr. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 68, p. 725.
angola Nola B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 534.
angulifascia Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912 A. 12, p. 123.
angulifera Lith. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. Het. 2. *
angulistrigata Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 182.
angustipennis Ant. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 797.
angustipennis Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 183.
ansorgei Est. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 163. v
ansorgei Phaeg. Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 11, p. 742.
apicalis Lith. Wkr. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 6, p. 104.
apicalis Man. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11, p. 344.
apicalis Nyct. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br Mus. 2, p. 395.
approximans Seir. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 24, p. 483.
arabica Creat. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896, p. 258. *
arabica Lep. Rbl. Denkschr. Ak. Wien, Math. -Nat. Kl. 1907,
p. 52.

arborifcra Maen. Btlr. Cistul. Entom. 2, p. 26.
arculifera Zith. Fldr. Reise Novara, Lep. Het. 2. *
ardens Lith. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 6.
argentata Care. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 199.
argentata Parem. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 820. *
argentea Lith. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 2, p. 457.
argyrolepis Nola Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 228.
argyropasta Cel. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 392. *
arieticornis Nyct. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 346.
asperatella Phr. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 231.
aspersa Lith. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 6.
aspersa Spil. Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 3, p. 89.
astriga Ilem. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 240.
astrigata Anaph. Hmp.s. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 393. *
asuraeformis Phil. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 195.
asurella Ag. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 186.
atrescens Phr. Hmps. Arm. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11, p. 343.
atrieincta Eur. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 107.
atrieraspeda As. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 766. *
atricrures Ams. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 237.
atridorsia Spil. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Br. Mus. Sppl. 2, p. 393. *
atrifascia Int. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Nist. (7) 19. p. 239.
atriguttata Sicc. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4, p. 356.
atripes Hyph. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4, p. 362.
atripuncta Man. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4, p. 355.
atriramosa Acanth. Hmps. Arm. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19,
p. 237.

atrivena Rhod. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p.240.
atrizona Pseud. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 392. *
atrizonata Sec. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 395.
aurantiaca Anaph. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4, p. 355.

aurantiaca Spil. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 397.
aurantiaca Sten. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4, p. 353.
aur antis quamata Lith. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 98.
auricolens Nyct. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 345.
aurolimbafa Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 157. *

basisticta Chi. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 635. *
batesi Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 181. *
baumanni Ams. Gaede, Entomol. Ztschr. Guben 1915, p. 125.
baumanniana Agan. Karsch Entomol. Nachr. 1895, p. 369. *
bauri Rhod. Mschlr. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 33, p. 289. *
baxteri Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 157. *
bellatrix Amphic. Dalm. Anal. Ent. p. 80, Nr. 25.
bicinctu Nola Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 15, p. 432.
bicoloria Acanth. Gaede, Entom. Ztschr. Gub. 1915, p. 125.
bicurvata Phaeg. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 89.
bifasciata Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 131. *
biformis Nyct. Mab. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1878, p. 87.
bifurea Spil. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 700.
bigutta Soloe Holl. Entomol. News 1896, p. 62.
bijuga Phil. Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1899, p. 270.
bilinea Gramm. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 237.
bipartita Lith. Aur. Kilima-Njaro-Meru-Exp. 2 : 9, p. 27. *
bipartita Rhod. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 186. *
biplagiata Eoh. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 115. *
bipuncta Lith. Hbn. Smlg. Eur. Schmett. 2, Fig. 286/7. *
bipuncta Phil. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Br. Mus. 2, p. 508. *
bipunctigera Lex. Wllgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 45.
bivittata Anes. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1898, p. 417. *
bivittata Maen. Bril., Iris. 16, p. 181.
borbonica Agan. Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Beige 25, p. 96.
brevipennis Lith. Hmps. Ill. Typ. Lep. Het. Br. M. 8, Tab.

139. *

brevipennis Lith. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 2, p. 509.
brunnea Rhod. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 3, p. 501. *
brunneipennis Creat. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 195.
brunneotincta Loph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 19, p. 222.
brunnescens Sec. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 207.
bryopliiloides Roes. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 10.
bubo Rhod. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 747.
budonga Dig. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 11, p. 562.
buea Creat. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78, A. 12, p. 124.
bueana Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 12, p. 122.
buryi Maen. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 180. *
butti Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 126. *

caffra Sicc. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 2, p. 539.
caffrana Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 178.
eallidescens Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 502. *
callima Ut. Swh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 202.
Candida Hyl. Btlr. Ent. Month. Mag. 19, p. 58.
capensis Chi. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11, p. 347.
carnea Lith. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 6.
carneola Rhod. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 239.
castanea Rhod. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 712.
catenata Lith. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 68, p. 726.
celida Plir. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 536.
celidana Pros. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 171.
ehalcosidia Nyct. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 460. *
chalybeata Macr. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 179.
chia Nola Holl. Psyche 7, p. 128. *

cliionea Nola Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 39S.
chionea Spil. Hmps. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 2, p. 56.
chota Phr. Swh. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1885, p. 293. *
chromis Nyct. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1882, p. 780. *
chrysargyria Carip. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 248. *
cincticorpus Spil. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 2, p. 366. *
cinerea Sec. Pag. Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Nat. 56, p. 17.
cinerella Phr. Wllgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 45.
cirrochroa Lith. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 68, p. 726.
cilricostata Prosch. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 3, p. 454. *
clara As. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 400.
elara Seir. Holl. Proc. Un. St, Nat, Mus. 18, p. 249.
clarissima Care. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 94. *
eocciniceps Tara. Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Beige 28, p. 198.

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Arctiidae.

119

comorana Agan. Anr. Reise O.-Afr. 2, p. 336. *
complanodes Ag. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 182.
conciima Cel. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 95.
concolor Oed. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 191.
concolora Agan. Swh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11, p. 503.
conformis Apoth. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 100.
conformis Sicc. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 706. *
coniphora Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 502. *
conslmilis Carip. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 2S, p. 100.
consors Nyct. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 3, p. 192.
conspersa Lobil. Aur. Kilima-Njaro-Meru-Exp. 2 : 9, p. 25.*
contorta Lith. Fryer, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 15, p. 4. *
costimacula Dig. Swh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 50.
costimacula Phr. Mab. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 3, p. 87.
costimaculata Lith. Aur. Kilima-Njaro-Meru-Exp. 2 : 9,
p. 27. *

costiplaga Eug. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 412.
eostiplagiata Roes. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 96.
costiplicata Lith. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 98.
craigi As. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 401.

cramboides Lith. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 601. *
craushayi Micr. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11, p. 383.
creatoplaga Lith. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 181.
cretacea Nola Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 417. *
cretacea Roes. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 431. *
cretata Eupr. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 615. *
cretata Sicc. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 705. *
cribraria Arg. Clerck, Icon. Ins. 2. *

cribroides Lith. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 601. *
crossi Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 141.
cruentata Ut. Btlr. Ill. Typ. Het. Br. Mus. 5, p. 38. *
culta Dig. Hbn. Zutr. Smlg. Exot. Schmett. 3, p. 13. *
cuneata Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 179.
curta Phr. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 19, p. 230.
curviliuea Lith. Aur. Voeltzkow Reise O.-Afr. 2, p. 340. *
curvilinea Spil. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 671.
cyanogramma Anaph. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11,
p. 344.

daressalamica Dig. Strd. Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1911, p. 585.
debilis Ter. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. Het. 2, Taf. 100. *
deceinmaculata Maen. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 271.
deceptans Agl. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 550. *
decipiens Phr. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 411.
deilemerana Sec. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Beige 53, p. 354.
delicata Chi. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 2, p. 550.
delimbatula Thum. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 192.
devittata Ut. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1909, p. 356.
diastropha Agan. Prt. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 11, p. 316.
diplisticta lith. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 535.
diplosticha Spil. Hmps. Ann. S.-Air. Mus. 2, p. 57.
diplozona Nola Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 716. *
discifera Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 171. *
dissimilis Est. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 198.
distanti Proc. Dew. Verh. Leop. Car. Akad. 42, p. 68.
disticha Phil. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, S. 791. *
disticta Soloe B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 3, p. 429.
distigmata Lith. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 181.
diva Ut. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5) 9, p. 305.
diversata Spil. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 234.
dollmani Spil. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 2, p. 371. *
doriae Sec. Oberth. Ann. Mus. Genov. 15, p. 175. *
druna Nyct. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 148.

eborella Lampr. Bsd. Yoy. Afr.-Austr. 2, p. 597.
edlingeri Est. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 180.
data Ut. F. Entomol. Syst. Sppl. p. 440.
elegans Lith. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1877, p. 347.
eliioti Per. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1895, p. 739. *
elongata Dig. Swh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 52.
elongata Phr. Aur. Kilima-Njaro-Meru-Exp. 2:9, p. 25.
endocosta Nola Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 407. *
eningae Lith. Plots Stett. Entom. Ztg. 40, p. 80.
erythrias As. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 400.
erythropleura Lith. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5) 9, p. 302.
eugraphica Spil. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 292.
euprepia Ter. Hmps. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 2, p. 58.
euprepioides Ter. Wichgr. Ent. Ztschr. Guben 1921, p. 117.
euproctina Spil. Aur. Ent. Tijdskr. 1899, p. 240.
eurygrapha Anaph. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910,
p. 394. *

euryphlebia Spil. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11, p. 351.
evadne Est. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915, p. 93. *
extensa Sec. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 5, p. 343.

faddla Hyl. Mab. le Natural. 2, p. 100.
fadella Micr. Mab. le Natural. 2 (1882), p. 100.
fatua Ut. Heyn, Ent. Ztschr. Guben 19, p. 213.
feminina Phryg. Rothsch. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 14, p. 309.
fennia Rhod. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 669.
ferruginea Phil. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1898, p. 418. *
flava Spil. Wallgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 162.
flavibasis Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 162. *
flaviceps Est. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 238.
flaviciliata Cel. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 176.
flavicosta Acanth. Hmps. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 2, p. 53.
flavicosta Ams. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4, p. 362.
flavicosta Pus. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 179.
flavicosta Pseud. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 392. *
flavicosta Pus. Wallgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 45.
flavicostata Ams. Gaede, Ent. Ztschr. Guben 1915, p. 125.
flavidior Spil. Gaede, Entomol. Rundsch. 1923, p. 14.
flavidus Spil. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 196.

flavifrontella Phr. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 9, p. 94.
flavimarginata Agl. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 247. *
flavipennis Ter. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 202.|j
flavithorax On. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 19, p. 230.
flavizonota Ams. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 409.
flexistriata Lith. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 7.
formosa Phaeg. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 19, p. 461.
fovifera Nola Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 397.
fractifascia Lith. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 99.
fragilis Hyl. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 236.
frontalis Oed. Strd. Entomol. Rundsch. 26, p. 109.
fucosa Sten. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 103. *
fuliginea Eur. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11, p. 347.
fullcri Eoh. Drc. Ent. Month. Mag. 20, p. 157.
fulvia As. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 439. *
fulvinigra Eur. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1 , p. 789.
fulvinota Ops. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 15, p. 137.
fulvistriga Chi. Holl. = rubristriga Holl.
fulvomarginalis Creat. Wichgr. Ent. Ztschr. Guben 1921,
p. 116.

fumeola Macr. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 2, p. 508.
fumipennis Soloe Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 455.
funeralis Lith. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 601. *
furcifaseiata Care. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1895, p. 268.
furvitincta Cel. Hmps. Oat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 398. *
fuscescens Thum. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 38, p. 1901.
fuscicorpus Lith. Hmps. Oat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 493. *
fuscitincta Carip. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 551. *
fuscivena Rhod. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 240.

gemina Eug. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 812. *
geminata Man. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1899, p. 727.
geminipuncta Spil. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p, 235.
geometrica Per. Oberth. Ann. Mus. Genov. 18, p. 735. *
goniophora Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 154. *
goniophoroides Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 12, p. 122.
gracilipennis Lith. Wallgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 45.
gracilis Nyct. Saalm. Lepid. Madagasc. p. 179. *
grammiphlebia Ams. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 3, p. 323. *
grandis Chi. Mai. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) 3, p. 136.
griseata Est. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 102. *
griseipennis Est. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 193.

griseipennis Sten. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 410.
griseola Lith. Hbn. Smlg. Eur. Schmett. 2. *
guineacola Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 179.
guineae Per. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78, A. 9, p. 103.
guttivaga Soloella Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 2, p. 55S.
gynephaea Est. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 185.
gypsia Sicc. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 704. *

liampsoni Ams. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 157.
hemiphaea Phr. H?nps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4, p. 353.
hemixantha Nyct. Aur. Ark. Zoolog. 2 (4), p. 41.
hersilia Car. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1887, p. 670.
heterogenea Est. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 192.
heterogyna Ilem. Hmps. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 2, p. 53.
heterogyna Lith. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 392. *
holoclera Kar. Karsch, Entom. Nachr. 1894, p. 378.
holoxantha Phr. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 97.
holoxantha Pseud. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 100.
holoxantha Spil. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 236,
ho me yen' Ter. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 181. *
howa Nyct. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 338.
humilis Lith. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 602. *
liyporhoda As. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 453, *

120

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Arctiidae.

Ichorina Xanth. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1877, p. 345.
ilemimorpha Phr. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. p. 175.
immaculata Spil. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 190.

immaculata Seir. Wichgr. Ent. Ztschr. Guben 1921, p. 117.
imminuta Phil. Saalm. Ber. Senck. Nat. Ges. 1879, p. 262.
imparepunctata Parap. Oherth. Et. d’Ent. 13, p. 15. *
incana Roes. Saalm. Lepid. Madagascar 1, p. 173.
inconspicua Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 131.
inconspicualis Lith. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 602. *
inconstans Thum. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896. p. 846. *
intumata Dipl. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 249. *
int'uscata Roes. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11, p. 342.
inornata Lith. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 601. *
insiguis Lith. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 8.
insnlaris Nyct. Bsd. Faun. Madag. id. 84.
intacta Maen. Bmps. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 234.
iutensa Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 130. *
interjecta Para. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 188.
internella Cel. Wkr. List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mus. 31, p. 245.
internigralis Est. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 15, p. 447.
intemipta Phaeg. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 75, p. 313.
interstiteola Phr. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 474. *
iuvestigatonim Spil. Karsch Werth. D. O.-Afr. p. 313.
irrorata Past. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 218. *
itokina Nyct. A nr. Ark. Zoolog. 2 (7, p. 40. *

jaeksoni Seir. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 176. *

Jackson! Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 140. *
jaundeana Phr. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 175.
juvenis Com. Boll. Psyche 6, p. 412.

karsclii Est. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 189.
kilimanjaroms Lith. Strd. Lepid. Catalog. 26, p. 573.
kingdom Lith. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1877, p. 353.
kostlani Amphic. Strd. Entom. Rundsch. 28, p. 141.
kostlani Per. Gaede, Entom. Rundsch. 1923, p. 20.

lactea Ut. Btlr. Rep. Zool. Coll. Alert, p. 577.
lacteata Lym. Boll. Psyche 6, p. 412.
laelioides Care. Bmps. Novit. Zoolog. 23, in 239.
laglaisei Est. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 163. *
lambertoni Hyps. Oherth. Et. Lep. Comp. 21, p. 149. *
lamproeraspis Lith. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 498. *
lasti Axiop. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 182. *
lasti Creat. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 168. *
latifasciata Acanth. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4, p. 361.
latifusca Agl. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 232.
latiradiata Spil. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 3, p. 296. *
laymerisa Axiop. Grandd. Revue Zoolog. 1867, p. 274.
leia Lith. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 182.
leigki Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 141.
lemniscata Est. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1, p. 116.
lentifasciata Spil. Bmps. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 236.
leonina Arg. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 262.
leucalea Nola Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 229.
leucanioides Creat. Boll. Psyche 6, p. 397.
leucomelas Phaeg. B.-Schdff. AuBereur. Schmett. 1 f., p. 22.
leueonoe Nyct. Bpffr. Mon. Akad. Wiss. 1857, p. 422.
leucoptera Rhod. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 3, p. 506. *
limbalis Nyct. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 334.
limbatula Thum. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 192.
linea Est. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 671.
lineata Eur. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 331. *
lincata Spil. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 672.
lithosioides Dig. Sivh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 51.
loloana Chi. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 190.
loloana Phr. Strd. Arch. Natmg. 1912, A. 7, p. 172.
lueida Spil. I)rc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1, p. 212.
lupia Rhod. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 669.
luteibarba Rhod. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 3, p. 502. *
luteicincta Parem. Boll. Psyche 6, p. 412.
luteomarginaia Lith. Strd. Lepid. Catalog. 26, id. 563.
lutescens Spil. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 672.

maMllei Lith. Btlr. Cistul. Entom. 3, p. 5.
maculiiaseia Lith. Bmps. Novit. Zoolog. 28, p. 99.
maculosa Lith. Saalm. Lepid. Madagascar. 1, p. 166. *
maculosa Spil. Stoll, Papil. Exot. 4, Tab. 370. *
madagasearica Nyct. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 337.
madagascariensis Rhod. Bsd. Delagorg. Voy. 2, p. 59b.
madagascariensis Spil. Btlr. Cistul. Entom. 3, p. 3.
magniiiea Rhod. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 183.
major Nola Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 413.
makomensis Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 9, p. 37.

malagassa Phil. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 193.
mania Sec. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 672.
marcida Nyct. Swh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p.548.
marginalis Ams. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 4, p. 805.
marginalis Creat. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 701.
marginata Lith. Guer. Icon. Regn. Anim. Ins. p. 519.
marmorata Nolos. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Br. Mus. 2, p. 385. *
/marmorea Phil. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 9.
marshall! Chi. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 325. *
marwitziana Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 177.
mashonensis Lith. Strd. Lepid. Catalog. 26, p. 554.
mauritia Rhod. Stoll, Papil. Exot. 4, Tab. 345. *
mediomaculata Ut. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1909, p. 356.
mediopunctata Est. Pag. Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Nat. 86, p. 14.
megasema Cel. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 399. *
meinholfi Spil. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 213.

melaleuca Cel. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 177.
melalopha Cel. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 15. *
melanimon Per. Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 23, p. 16.
melanocera Est. Bmps. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 237.
melanocera Seir. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 2, p. 472. *
melanodisca Spil. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 236.
melanogastra Ams. Boll. D. Smiths Trav. p. 410. *
melanoscelis Cel. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 7, p. 396. *
melanospila Sicc. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 404.
melanosticta Lith. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 534.
inelanosticta Roes. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 431. *
melanoxantha Est. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 101. *
melusine Hyl. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 75, p. 310.
melasonea Lith. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11, p. 343.
ineridionalis Cel. Wall. Oefv. Vet. Akad. Forh. 32 (1), p. 99.
meridionalis Dig. Swh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 51.
mesonephele Cel. Bmps. Oat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 398. *
mesopotamia Chrys. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 15, p. 435.
inesoscota Nola Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4, p. 351.
mesosticta Lith. Bmps. Ami. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 401.
mesotherma Nola Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 409. *
metaleuca Acanth. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 3, p. 321. *
melaleuca Carip. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 248. *
metaleuca Spil. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15, p. 447.
metamelaena Care. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 3, p. 472. *
metasarca Rhod. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 412.
metaxantka Seir. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4, p. 363.
mhondana Spil. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 179.
mierolopha Cel. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 16. *
microsticta Spil. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 2, p. 367.
microslicta Sicc. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 704. *
minuta Paur. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Br. Mus. 2, p. 531. *
minutissima Lith. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 536.
mirabilis Anaph. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 204.
m-nigrum Phil. Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1899, p. 270.
moloueyi Ams. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 260. *
mombasana Ams Rothsch. Novit. Zolog. 17, p. 151.
monochroma Lith. Boll. Psyche 6, p. 411.
monotonia Phr. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 175.
montana Lith. Aur. Kilima-Njaro-Meru Exp. 2 : 9, p. 27. *
multivittata Est. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 164.
mundata Spil. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 309.

natalica Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 180.
natalica Ter. Mschlr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1872, p. 356.
natara Lith. Mr. Cat. Lep. Mus. E. Ind. Comp. p. 304.
neavei As. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 767. *
nebuliferella Lith. Strd. Lepid. Catalog. 26, p. 571.
nephelistis Cten. Bmps. Novit. Zoolog. 28, p. 98.
nephelistis Per. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 18, p. 238.
nepheloptera Dig. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 452/
neuriasiis Est. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 14, p. 237.
ueurophaea Creat. Bmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 409.
nigrapex Phr. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 173.
nigricosta Oed. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 219. *
nigricostata On. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1894, p. 583. *
nigrifrons Pol. Bmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 109. *
nigrisignata Ams. Gaede, Entom. Rundsch. 40, p. 19.
nigristriata Plin. Boll. Entomol. News 1893, p. 341. *
nigrivenosa Rhod. Griinb. Societ. Entomol. 27, p. 146.
nigroapicalis Rhod. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1899, p. 242.
nigrocastanea Est. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 24, p. 483.
nigrociliata Lith. Aur. Voeltzkow Reise O.-Afr. 2, p. 340. *
nigrocincta Spil. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 600.
nigrosignata Ut. Fletch. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 13,

p. 268.

niphostena Cel. Bmps. Ann. S.-Afric. Mus. 2, p. 312.
uivea Acanth. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1899, p. 242,

Publ. 9. X. 1926.

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Arctiidae.

121

nivea Ams. Hmps. Novit Zoolog. 23, p. 237.
nivea Hyl. Btlr. Ent. Month. Mag. 19, p. 58.
niveivitrea Rhod. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 208.
noliformis Chrys. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 184.
notifera Lith. Saalm. Ber. Senck. Nat. Ges. 1879, p. 262.
notivitta Great. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 80, A. 10, p. 95.
nubica Cine. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 14, A. 10, p. 96.
numida As. Holt. Psyche 6, p. 700.
nyangweensis Spil. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 88, A. 8, p. 288.
nyassa Phil. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 193.
nyassana Phr. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 172.
nyassica Spil. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 409.

obliterata As. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 273.
oblitterans Lith. Fldr. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1868, p. 285.
obscura Ter. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1696.
obscurasccns Eoh. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 383.
obscurella Ag. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 187.
obscurior Ter. Wichgr. Ent. Ztsehr. Guben 22, p. 106.
obsolescens As. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 767. *
occidens Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 138.
occidentals Pus. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 9, p. 93.
ochreata Phr. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 179.
ochreomarginata Est. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 3,
p. 429.

ochrographa Nola Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 227.
ochrorubens Paras. Mob. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 68, p. 726.
ochtlioeba Tur. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 2, p. 474. *
oligosticta Spil. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phol. Sppl. 2, p. 368 *
omphalota Cel. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 11 (1903), p. 341.
orientis God. Brtl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1913, p. 129.
ostentata Dig. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 3, p. 463,

pactolicus Amphic. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 82.
pales Spil. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 169.
pallens Sicc. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 104.
pallescens Nyct. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 13, p. 15. *
pallida Sar. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 12, p. 156.
pallidicosta Lith. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 68, p. 726.
pandula Lep. Bsd. Delegorg. Voy. 2, p. 597.
pannosa Rhod. Griinb. S.-B. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. 1908,

p. 62. *

pantheraria Arg. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. Het. 2, Tab. 100. *
parallela Anoph. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 536.
pardalina Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 128. *
pardalina Ter. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 199.
parvula Phil. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 9.
parvula Phragm. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. Het. 2, Tab. 100. *
paueipunctata Maen. Joic. u. Talb. Bull. Hill. Mus. I, p. 160.
paucipunctata Sicc. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 104.
pauli Nyct. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 335.
pectinata Anaph. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 393. *
pectinella As. Strd. Lepid. Catalog. 26, p. 793.
pellucida Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 154. *
penicillata Spil. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 319.

peperita Lith. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 181.

perfusca Nola Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 398.

persecta Nyct. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 342.

persimilis Carip. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 551. *
perspicua Nyct. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 2, p. 398.
phaedra Rhod. Weym. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 53, p. 106.
phaeocraspis Croc. Hmps. Oat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 470. *
phaeocraspis Cel. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 4 (1909),
p. 351.

phaeocraspis Lith. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 182.
phaeopera Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 131. *
phileta Car. Drury Ill. Exot. Ent. 3, Tab. 22. *
pia Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 9, p. 99.
piceosignata Amphic. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 211.
pilosa Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 488. *
placida Phil. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 10.
plana Nyct. Wichgr. Ent. Ztsehr. Guben 18, p. 94.
plumbea Past. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 218. *
plumicornis Clem. Btlr. Cist. Entomol. 3, p. 4.
plumosa Phr. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 68, p. 726.
pluripunctata Phil. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 68, p. 725.
polioplaga Loph. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 180.
poliotis Nola Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 228.
postalbida Seir. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 105. *
praefica Nola Saalm. Lep. Madagasc. 1, p. 174. *
pretoriae Chi. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 20, p. 198.
problematica Ag. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 187.

progonia Man. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 561. *
proletaria Nyct. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 339.
proleuca Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 499. *
pruinosa Ter. Joan. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 44, p. 123.
psectriphora Cten. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 3, p. 462.
puella Hyl. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 236.
pulchella Ut. L. Syst. Nat. (X), p. 534.
pulehelloides Ut. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Ilist. (7) 19, p. 239.
pulverata Sec. Hmps. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 2, p. 62.
pulverosa Lith. Aur. Ark. Zool. 2, Nr. 4, p. 34.
pumila Cel. Sn. Tijdschr. voor. Entomol. 18, p. 65. *
punctata Pal. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Br M. 2, p. 505. *
punctata Phil. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal Br. Mus. 2, p. 508. *
punctilineata Lith. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. 1 list. (7) 8, p. 180.
punctipennis Sicc. Wllgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 46.
punctistriata Lith. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 4.
punctivitta Creat. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 673.
punctulata Spil. Wllgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 161.
pura Est. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1878, p. 382.
purata Sec. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 26, p. 1688.
pusilana Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 178.
pustularia Sec. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 26, p. 1661.
pyralidia Arch. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896, p. 259. *

quadrilunata Spil. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 3, p. 392. *
quadrinotata Tigr. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 237.
quadripunctata Phil. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 237.
quadripunctata Sten. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1899, p. 244.
quadripunctata Ter. Wichgr. Ent. Ztsehr. Guben 22, p. 106.
quagga Amphic. Strd. Iris 22, p. 101.

quinquepuuetata Phil. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1899, p. 727.

radiosa Acanth. Pag. Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Nat. 59, p. 13.
rangei Phlyct. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 94. *
rasana Nyct. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1879, p. 304.
rattrayi Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 129.
rava Spil. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1, p. 211.
rectangulata Paraph. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913,

p. 600. *

rcjecta Chi. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 2, p. 521.
restricta Lith. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 391.
restricta Nyct. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1894, p. 585.
reticulata Sec. Hmps. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 19, p. 113. *
rlxodesiana Spil. Hmps. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 2, p. 57.
rhodophaea Ter. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 302.
rhodostriata Chi. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 634. *
rhomboidea Sar. Weym. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1892, p. 104.
rivulosa Milt. Wkr. List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mus. 2, p. 540.
roseomarginata Rhod. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 183. *
rothi Est. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 163.
rothi Rhod. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 163. *
rubrifemora Acanth. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 12,
p. 63.

rubristriga Chi. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 399.

rubritermina Chi. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 534.
rubriterminalis Chi. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 188.
rubrosignata Ut. Fletch. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 13,
p. 268.

rufa Spil. Joic. u. Talb. Bull. Hill. -Mus. 1, p. 189.
rufeola Hyp. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 179.
rufifemur Rhod. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 747.
rufifrons Chi. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 19, p. 246.
rufipes Parad. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 106.
rufitincta Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 493. *
rufodiscalis God. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 3, p. 47. *
rufofasciata Lith. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 19, p. 219.

saalmiilleri Chi. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 3.
saalmiilleri Phrvg. Rothsch. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 14,
p. 309.

saalmiilleri Rhod. Rothsch. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 235.
sagenaria As. Wllgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 46.
sagittata Dig. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 90. *
sauguicosta Lith. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 181.
sansibariensis Sec. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 355.
sarceola Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 162. *
schoutedeni Care. Strd. Entom. Rundsch. 35, p. 28.
schraderi Spil. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 128. *
scioana Spil. Oberth. Ann. Mus. Genov. 15, p. 176. *
scita Est. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 302.
scita Spil. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 298.
scortilla Spil. Wllgr. Vet. Akad. Forh. 32 (1), p. 101.
screabilis Spil. Wllgr. Yet. Akad. Forh. 32 (1), p. 102.

XIV

16

122

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Arctiidae.

scutellata Soz. Wllgr. Wien. Ent, Mon. 4, p. 45.
semiliyalina Spil. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 188.
seminigra Ams. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 18. p. 447.
semioclirea Lep. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. Het. 2. *
Septempunctata Dig. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 453.
seychellarum Mali. Fryer Trans. Linn. Soc. 1912, p. 5. *
sidae God. F. Entom. Syst. 3 (2), p. 23.
similipuncta Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 496. *
simiJis Est. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 164.
siniilis Phaeg. Wkr. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasg. 1, p. 332. *
simplex Nyct. Wkr. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasg. 1, p. 6.
sim ulans Est. Btlr. Cist.ul. Entom. 2, p. 27.
simulans Lith. Mab. Bull. Soc. Zool. Pr. 3, p. 87.
sinuosa Dig. Hmps. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 3, p. 414.
sjostcdti Spil. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1899, p. 240.
sokotrensis Cel. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 177.
sokotrensis Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 166. *
somalensis Phil. Strd. Lepid. Catalog. 26, p. 833.
somaliensis Sec. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 102. *
sordida Lith. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 5.
sordida Phr. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. Het. 2. *
sordidus Sarot. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 3, p. 55.
sparsipunctata Spil. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 3, p. 282. *
speciosa Agan. Drury Ill. Exot. Ent. 2, Tab. 5. *
spilled Creat. B.-Balc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 2, p. 262.
spilosoma Dig. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. Het. 2, Tab. 106. *
spurrelli Xanth. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 728. *
squalida Cel. Stgr. Bed. Entom. Zeitschr. 14, p. 102.
squalida Lith. Gn. Maillards lie R6un. 2, Lep. p. 23.
squamosa Phr. B.-Bnk. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 536.
stenoperas Car. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 453.
stevensi Lith. Holt. Entomolog. 25, Suppl. p. 91.
stictica Sicc. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 705. *
stictigramma Lith. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 1, p. 475.
strabonis Dig. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 452.
straminea On. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Sppl. 1, p. 552. *
straminea Phr. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 179.
strigata Sec. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 2, p. 559.
strigilata Phryg. Saalm. Abli. Senck. Nat. Ges. 1877, p. 91.
strigosa Per. Grilnb. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1911, S. 381.
strigosa Ter. Mschlr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1872, p. 355.
stdgulosa Hyph. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 185.
subasperatella Phr. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 173.
subgriseola Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 178.
subhyalina Nyct. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 334.
subleucoptera Rhod. Strd. Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1911, p. 587.
sublutea Spil. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 183.
submacula Ter. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 672.
subretracta Agan. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1676.
subterminata Ter. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 3, p. 471. *
subumbrata Lith. Holt. Psyche 6, p. 411.
sulpkurea Spil. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 1S9.

sulpkureovitta Eoh. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 353.
syntomina Car. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 2, p. 486.

tenuifaseiata Acanth. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910,
p. 394. *

tenuis Hyl. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 2, p. 294.
tenuistrigata Est. Hmps. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 2, p. 54.
termineola Tigr. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 230.

tessmanni Sarot. Gaede Ent. Ztschr. Guben 1914, p. 353.
tessmanniana Phr. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 9, p. 95.
testacea Spil. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 670.
thelwalli Amphic. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1882, p. 779. *
thermochroa Rhod. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 239.
thomensis Milt. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 20, p. 211.
tigris Amphic. Btlr. Ann.Mag.Nat. Hist. (5) 12, p. 105.
timeoides Cel. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 12, p. 824.
togoana Chi. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 189.
togoensis Nyct. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 345.
togoensis Spil. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 184.
torrida Chi. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 399.
transecta Nola Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 178
transitella Nyct. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 336.
translucens Seir. Grurib. Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 52, p. 66.
tricolor Isorr. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 5, p. 343.
tricolor Nyct. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. Het. 2, Tab. 103. *
trifasciata Est. Holl. Proc. Un. St. Nat. Mus. 1895, p. 249. *
trigutta Chi. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 2, p. 545.
trigutta Soloe Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 2, p. 557.
trinitas Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 181.
triplaiola Lith. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 535.
tripunctata Soloe Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist* (6) 17, p. 352.
trispilota Lith. Saalm. Ber. Senck. Nat. Ges. 1879, p. 262.
tropicalis Eug. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 412.

uelleburgensis Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 9, p. 98.
ugandac Ams. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 237.
ugandana Chi. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 189.
ugandicola Nyct. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 348.
undulifera Agan. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1676.
unicolor Agan. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 3, p. 62.
unicolor Ph5l. Hpffr. Mon. Akad. Berl. 1857, p. 422.
unilinea Est. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 163.
unimaculata Spil. Brtl. Iris 16, p. 185.
unipectinata Lepid. Aur. Kilima-Njaro-Meru-Exp. 2 : 9,
p. 26. *

unipuncta Est. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 15, p. 747.
unipunctana Pus. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 172.
usambarae Nyct. Oberth. 6t. d’Ent. 17, p. 32. *

venata Dion. Aur. Ark. Zoolog. 14 (5), p. 23. *
venata Poec.* Aur. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 18, p. 235.
verulama Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 183.
vidua Rhod. Stoll Papil. Exot. 3, p. 127. *
virgineola Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 2, p. 178. *
virgo Nyct. Strd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 53, p. 348.
viridis Carp. Plotz Stett. Ent. Ztg. 41, p. 80.
vittata Acanth. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1899, p. 242.
vittata Creat. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1, p. 211.
vocula Maen. Stoll Papil. Exot. Sppl. Tab. 31. *

wintgensi Ams. Strd. Iris 22, p. 113.

xanthopa Lith. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 411. *
xanthosoma Phaeg. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910,
p. 461. *

yemenensis Spil. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 235.

CALO SCHEMI A . Von Dr. M. Hering.

123

6. Family: Pterothysanidae.

The only non-Ethiopian species known from this deviating group of Heterocera having been appended
between the Arctiidae in their furthest sense and the Lymantriidae (Vol. X, p. 277), it had been intended in
this volume (p. 61) to do the same with the Ethiopian species of the Pterothysanidae. On their exhaustive
examination, however, the author thought it to be more correct, if they should not be ranged among the
Lymantriidae, to separate them from the Arctiidae and to deal with them as an independent family. Above
all it was K. Jordan's thorough revision of the genus Otroeda having been undertaken in the meantime, which
caused this genus that formerly seemed to form the transition to the Pterothy samis, to be better ranged among
the genuine Lymantriidae, for which reason it is placed as the 20th genus between Ogoa and H yaloperina
in the following treatise on this family. The systematic position of the Pterothysanidae is hereby not altered,
since in most of the treatises they were inserted between the N yctemtrinae and the Lymantriidae, which is
also adhered to in this work.

The Ethiopian Pterothysanidae differ rather much from the Asiatic typical genus Pterothy sanus which
is entirely absent in Africa. There is not any of the 8 Ethiopian genera that shows the characteristics which
were mentioned in Vol. X as being the most conspicuous of the genus Pterothy sanus, i. e. the long stiff bristles
being scattered all over the surface of the wings and being vertically or obliqixely erected in the live insect.
This peculiarity has nowhere been found in a similar way in the whole lepidopteral kingdom, and it is accom¬
panied by the remarkable formation of the fringe at the margin of the hindwing in Pterothysanus laticilia,
which is likewise unparalleled and which cannot be compared with the slight rudiments of small beards and
pencils at the anal margins of other lepidoptera, nor with the fringes being longer than the width of the wings
in numerous Tineids which are of quite a different structure and function.

A similar formation of hair neither occurs anywhere except in the family of the Pterothysanidae,
and even in the whole family of Lymantriidae we are unable to discover anything analogous. We have several
times mentioned the somewhat creased-looking thoracal tufts of the Ewproctis and of allied genera, and shall
revert to their biological functions in the preface to the Ethiopian Lymantriidae (cf. p. 128). These formations,
however, are in most of the cases to be regarded as insignificant modifications of the dorsal tufts being of very
frequent occurrence in the Heterocera ; though they are sometimes extended over the hind-margin of the forewing,
yet they do not assume a shape similar to Pterothysanus in any of the Lymantriidae known.

As to the larvae of the Pterothysanidae, we are sorry to say that nothing has become known to us.

(Seitz.)

Pterothy sail i dae.

The Pterothysanidae being otherwise structurally rather consistent with the Lymantriidae only lack
the detaining bristle of the hindwing, the basal thickening of which at the margin of the wing is distinctly
present. Certain genera, such as Opoboa and Pirgula form the direct transitions to quite similar genera of the
Lymantriidae. Jordan places these lepidoptera to the Callidulidae. -

1. Genus: Caloschemia Mab.

Forewing without an accoressy cell, with 12 veins, antennae not pectinate.

C. monilifera Mab. (= pulchra Btlr.) (19 b). Body white, with black and orange spots, wings wrhite monilifera.
with blackish ring-shaped or macular markings and orange-yellow marginal spots, at the costal margin of the
forewing 5 blackish, in front red spots. Madagascar.

124 PSEUDOSTRACILLA; PTEROCEROTA; OPOBOA; HIBRILDES; LEPIDOPALPUS. ByDr.M. Hereng.

infausta.

virginea.

bolivari.

vitrea.

schutzei.

norax.

venosa.

crawshayi.

fuscata.

ansorgei.

albopuncta-

ta.

neavei.

hyalina.

2. Genus: Pseudostracilla gen. nov.

Separated from the two following genera by vein 11 rising separately from the cell.

Ps. infausta sp. n. (19 b). Greyish- white, wings transparent, veins distally somewhat darker. At
the rise of veins 3 and 4 a blackish vein-spot. 2 $ from Sierra Leone in the Berlin Museum.

3. Genus : Pterocerota Hmps.

Antennae of $ and $ pectinate, forewing without an accessory cell, only with 11 veins, vein 10 being
absent, 11 fused with 12.

P. virginea Hmps. is of a pure white, with a pale yellow frons and brown antennae. Anterior hips
yellowish, tarsi brown. Wings diaphanous with an indistinct hyaline line beyond the centre, beyond the cell
very convex and with 2 bent subterminal lines. Expanse of wings: 62 mm. Natal.

4. Genus: €)|>ohoa Tessm.

Allied to the preceding genus, but vein 11 not fused with 12 on the forewing.

0. bolivari Kheil (= sexguttata Tessm.) (19 b). Body greyish- white, wings hyaline, forewing with
a black dot at the base below vein 1 c and submarginally below vein 7, in the hindwing a similar submarginal
dot below vein 6. West Africa.

0. vitrea Auriv. (described as Stracena ) has no dot at the base and in cell 6 of hindwing, otherwise
as bolivari. West Africa.

0. schutzei Tessm. (19 b). Smaller, body more white, wings hyaline, forewing only with a basal clot,
hindwing with a blackish transverse line in the centre, not reaching the costal margin and hind-margin. Nigeria.

5. Genus: Miforildes Drc.

Forewing with 12 veins, without an accessory cell, antennae in the <$ and $ pectinate. The genus is
interesting for its sexual dimorphism. The $$ quite differently coloured from the <$<$, and by the contours
of their wings and their colouring they recall Acraeidae.

H. norax Drc. (= [Anengyai] spiritalis Karsch) is cpiite similar to the following, but the thorax is
white, the wings are whiter, the central vein of the cell in the forewing bifurcates sooner, so that its lower
branch is directed upon the rise of vein 3. Congo, Rhodesia.

H. venosa Ky. (19 c). Thorax yellowish, in front orange-yellow, central vein of the cell terminating
in its lower branch above vein 3. Rhodesia, Transvaal, East Africa. Different $-forms have been described:
— crawshayi Btlr. (= craushayi Hmps.) is in the forewing diaphanous pinkish-brown, veins thinly black,
a black streak at the cell-end, distal margin dark grey, proximally dentate, at the apex broadest. Fringes grey,
at the tornus brownish. Hindwing reddish brown with a black spot on the cross-vein and a black marginal
band which contains 6 dots of the ground-colour. — fuscata form. nov. (19 c) has an entirely black forewing,
only a broad band distally to the cell being red-brown, otherwise like crawshayi (type from German East Africa
in the Berlin Museum). — ansorgei Ky. (19 c) has a white discal band in the forewing and reddish-yellow
hindwings. — albopunctata B.-Bak. (= albescens Joic. Talb.) has a white instead of brown ground-colour
of the hindwing and a white discal band on the forewing. — neavei Hmps. resembles crawshayi, but it has a
broader marginal band of the hindwing, extending to the centre of the branches of the veins. • — The two
forms H . norax and venosa probably represent a single species to which a large number of $-forms are to be
added. The latter will probably be related to the Acraea which are similar to them. So for instance H.
crawshayi is said to copy Acraea natalica Bsd. (Vol. XIII, pi. 55 f), H. neavi Hmps. to copy Acraea anemosa Hew .

6. Genus: Janse.

Forewing with an accessory cell, in the hindwing 8 for some distance anastomoses with the cell, accessory
cell elongate.

L. hyalina Janse (19 b). Uni-coloured white, palpi mixed with black hairs and with a black apex.
Legs partly blackish. Wings hyaline, costal margin of forewing as far as % black. Expanse 32 mm. South
Africa. . - .

PIRGULA; PIR GULINA. By Dr. M. Hering.

125

7. Genus: Pirgula Tessm.

Forewing with an accessory cell which is not elongate, vein 8 of hindwing separate not anastomosing.

P. decenipunctata Tessm. (= [ Laelia ] qninquepunctata Wichgr.) (19 b). White, forewing with 3 black decempunc
dots before the apex and 2 similar ones above the tornus, above and below the fold. German East Africa.

P. octopunctata Tessm. White, with a black dot of the forewing before the margin above vein 6, and octopuncta
a black base of the costal margin, hindwing with a dot at the tornus and submarginally above vein 5. — In
the form adusta Tessm. (19 b) the forewing shows a blackened apex and margin. Cameroon. adusta.

8. Genus: Plrguliiia gen. nov.

Like the preceding genus, but vein 11 rises from the accessory cell, 10 to 7 are forked, 10 rising with
7 from the same place.

P. jordani sp. n. (19 b). White, wings transparent, forewing at the costal margin as far as 1/i finely jordani.
black, expanded to the dot at the base, 2 spots before the apex and 2 above the tornus, above and below
1 a, hindwing with 2 dots at the hind-margin shortly before the tornus. $ type from Diego Suarez in the Tring
Museum. Madagascar.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the African Pterothysanidae.
* signifies that the form is also figured at the place cited.

adusta Pirgula Tessm. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 10 (1921),

p. 216.

albescens Hibr. Joic. & Talb. Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (1924), p. 558.
albopunctata Hibr. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. 16 (1915), p. 198.
ansorgei Hibr. Kirby Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 18 (1896),
p. 388. *

bolivari Opob. Kheil Mem. Soc. Espan. 1 (1909), p. 492.

craushayi Hibr. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 453.
crawshayi Hibr. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 18 (1896),

p. 162.

decempunctata Pirgula Tessm. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 10
(1921), p. 216.

fuseata Hibr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 124. *
liyalina Lepid. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5 (1915), p. 9. *
infausta Pseudostrac. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 124. *
jordani Pirgulin. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 125. *

monilifera Calosch. Mab. Bull. Soc. Zool. France 3 (1878),

p. 86.

neavi Hibr. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 454. *
norax Hibr. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887 (1888), p. 675.

octopunctata Pirgula Tessm. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 10 (1921),

p. 216.

pulchra Calosch. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 2 (1878),
p. 458.

quinquepunctata Pirgula Wichgr. Guben. Ent. Ztschr. 15
(1921), p. 93.

scliiitzei Opob. Tessm. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 10 (1921),
p. 215.

sexguttata Opob. Tessm. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 10 (1921),
p. 215.

spiritalis Hibr. Karsch. Ent. Nachr. 1895, p. 374. *

venosa Hibr. Kirb. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 18 (1896), p. 388. *
virginea Pterocer. Hmps. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 3 (1905), p. 390.
vitrea Opob. Auriv. Ann. Mus. Genov. 4 (1910), p. 529.

/

LYMANTRIIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

127

7. Family: Lymantriidae.

As to the general characterization of the family of the Lymantriidae we refer to Vol. II, p. 109 to 111,
and Vol. X, p. 291 and 292. Regarding the name of the family we may add here that, after the denomination
of ,,Liparidaeu had been rather generally used till the end of the last century, it was then transformed into
,, Lymantriidae' ‘ , because the name of the genus ,,Liparis“ was replaced by ,,Lymantria“, whereby, according to
the opinion of many an author, the denomination of a family changes automatically. But the name ,,Lymantria“
itself was differently conceived, the species Psilura monacha L. with entirely different imagines, larvae and
pupae (with a projecting ovipositor, metallic pupa etc.) and Ocneria ( Liparis ) dispar (with a woolly anus, a
knobbed larva etc.) united with it, and entirely heterogeneous elements ( Pegella , Ocneria etc.) jumbled up
with them. As the neuration does not offer very many possibilities for the distinction of the genera of
Lymantriidae and the mostly very characteristic larvae were but little known, there prevailed for a long time
great uncertainty in the system of the family.

With regard to the characterization of the family, we may refer to the corresponding passages in Vol. II
and X, as well as to the paragraph preceding the enumeration of the single forms belonging hereto; we only
remind the reader of the entire absence of the proboscis in all the Lymantriidae, which however was wrongly
considered as a difference from the Arctiidae, since also the Spilosominae frequently exhibit a very much stunted
proboscis. Nevertheless this criterion is still to be used for distinctive purposes, because all those Arctiidae
that by their neuration resemble the Lymantriidae — as for instance the Callimorphinae, Hypsinae — exhibit
a well developed, mostly even long proboscis. The Lymantriidae correspond with them in the costal vein of
the hinclwing anastomosing with the anterior wall of the cell, which is not the case in the other Arctiid groups.

By reason of the imagines and larvae the total family is to be ranged after the Arctiidae. Hampson
placed the family between the Pterothysanidae and the genus Cocytia (which owing to the resemblance with
the American Sphingid genus Cocytius is now called Eucocytiadae), but this seems to us to be not very felicitous,
although certain relations of all the 3 groups to the Arctiidae in the furthest sense are not unlikely; nevertheless
their position behind the Pterothysanidae to which they are the most closely allied may be maintained.

Already in dealing with the Lymantriidae in the Indian Fauna we had seen how heterogeneous the
single parts are, of which the Lymantriidae of to-day are composed. Among the Anihelinae we met with gigantic
forms (such as Chalepteryx collesi, Vol. X, pi. 46 e) with an expanse of more than 17 cm (in the $), in
contrast with diminutive species almost of the size of microlepidoptera. Wingless $$ occur in some genera,
but this fact is rather unimportant, since there are species (such as the palearctic Orgyia thyellina, Vol. II,
p. 120) in which one generation exhibits almost exclusively wingless (stump-winged) whereas in the

other generation nearly all of them have complete wings which are fully used in easy and frequent flights. In
dividing the eggs of the same breed it was even proved that one part of them being bred in chests yielded
only winged whilst the other part being bred in the open air yielded $$ with stumps of wings.

The total number of Lymantriid forms known to this day amounts to about 2000. The former estimates
have partly been surpassed by works published meanwhile, partly they had been incorrect from the beginning.
Staudinger-Rebel's Catalogue hardly states 100 forms for the palearctic region, because the authors omitted
large palearctic districts, such as Tibet, Korea, the palearctic parts of Japan. Kirby, ten years before, had
stated the total number of species of all the ,,Liparidaeu known to be only 900, and including all the secondary
forms he enumerates hardly 1000, although many Geometrulae, Arctiidae etc. number among his ,, Liparidae “.
Later on, in 1913, Rebel counts 1200 species. In Vol. II we enumerated about 300 species from the palearctic
region, in Vol. X about 750 species from the Indo- Australian Fauna. From the American Region about 150
species are known, which small number is particularly due to the great poorness of Lymantriidae in South
America; in addition to them there are about 800 species from Ethiopian Africa.

128

LYMANTRIIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

These numbers, however, do not supply a distinct survey of the grographical range of the whole family.
In order to obtain this, it is necessary to ascertain what part the Lymantriidae play compared to the other
lepidoptera. On considering this we find that the number of their individuals increases the more as the other
Heterocera decrease at the verge of animal life, at, the borders of deserts bare of vegetation, to the north
in Greenland, in Central Australia being poor of lepidoptera the Lymantriidae appear as the most predominant,
if not only representatives of the lepidopteral tribe. In Egypt, where there are almost hardly any trees, besides
the Psychidae which exhibit a similar behaviour, the Ocneria and Orgyia are still able to propagate to such
an extent as cannot be excelled in the best tempered districts of Central Europe, and in Algeria the last
trees and bushes far out in the oases of the desert are sometimes for years entirely stripped by the larvae
of Lymantria dispar and Orgyia isolatella. On the Southern Australian coast, which is very poor of lepidoptera,
the Anthelinae predominate not only by their great number, but also their large size. The larvae of Chalepteryx
collesi and T . ruptimacula, the Darala and the Epicoma, which are closely allied to the Lymantriidae, may be
found in all the forests in the corresponding seasons, many of their species also in great numbers, where other
moths seem to have disappeared altogether. Moreover, dial, collesi -$, which we figured in Vol. X, pi. 46 e,
is, besides some Cossulcie and an old Sphingid group, almost the largest lepidopteron of Southern Australia,
with an expanse of almost 20 cm. The same predominance of the Lymantriidae is to be found high up north.
Where the last moth disappears, it is replaced by a Lymantriid which even rather frequently advances to the
arctic region, in the same way as its family-members to the scorching desert. On the contrary, we very rarely
meet with a Lymantriid in the tropical parts of South America, which are crammed with lepidoptera; few
and small species form there the only representatives of the group and they appear there in relatively very
small numbers. In nights favourable for capturing lepidoptera thousands of Heterocera may come to the lantern,
without any Lymantriid being noticeable among them. In the most luxuriant districts of Ceylon or in the abun¬
dant fauna of the Nilgiri Hills hardly more species of Lymantriidae are to be found than in Japan which has a
much rawer climate and is much poorer in animals. And in the palearctic region itself we find in the faunistically
well developed districts of Central Europe hardly more than 10 species of the family; fewer than in the mostly
desert regions of Algeria, and much fewer than in the eastern parts of Siberia, where it is cold in winter and
wet in summer.

This geographical behaviour is suggestive of a case parallel with those families of Heterocera which
we are used to regard as phylogenetically old ones. It is the same behaviour we notice in the Psychidae, Cossidae,
and partly Hepialidae. In the heart of Central Australia, where besides Lymantriidae but very few large rnosths
occur, these families take the first place attaining a size and striking character which is hardly attained in
tropical regions being the richest in animals by Danaidae, Papilionidae or any other quite modern family.

This also accounts for the absence of a proboscis in all the Lymantriidae. They have nothing whatever
to do with flowers which belong to a modern period of creation. Nor can they be called heliopliile, though the
OS °f some species are fond of swarming in the sunshine; on the contrary, the enormous host of Lymantriidae
are known to inhabit the forests, and only the species being very universally distributed are met with in wooded
districts outside of the forests.

The larvae are well protected by brushes and pencils of hair which are often of a most inflammatory
effect. Moreover, the infundibular glands are to be mentioned (vid. Vol. II, p. 109), with which the larvae
often bring their hair into touch by peculiar rocking movements and contortions. According to Fr. Scriba
(Tokio), these hairs which are loosely attached to the web even pass over to the imago just crept out the
ruffled hairing of which on the thorax and at the hind-margin of the wings retains yet such larval hair for
the present.

Besides, however, the imagines of the Lymantriidae evidently have no interior protection. They have
an immense number of enemies, both reptiles as well as birds, particularly rearmice, being so much after them
that, where the latter occur in a particularly great number as in North Africa, the Lymantriidae which are
the most frequent visitors of the lantern, are snatched away there to the last specimen. Many species therefore
also only fly when it is very dark, and late at night.

Those Lymantriidae the SS of which swarm in daytime have a very wavering or rocking flight which
makes it difficult for both man and animal to capture them. Whosoever tries, with a net that is not large,
to catch an Orgyia being on its wedding-flight will be astonished to see how very fast the rocking flight of
the persecuted insect turns into quite tricky doubling movements. This protection is effective against a great
number of assailants. In Africa certain birds as well as Asilids may almost daily be seen persecuting the Orgyia
in vain and, after several failures, giving the chase up.

The better many Lymantriidae are adapted to their surroundings in their state of repose. The warning
colour of the larva being provided with venomous hairs is often represented by most fiery red spots ( Forth .
chrysorrhoea) or stripes ( Org . thyellina) is not to be found in any other lepidopteron. White, quite neutral, yellow,
dull orange, or brown colourings occur particularly in the African, but generally also in nearly all the Lymantriidae

Publ. 1. XI. 1926.

General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

LYMANTRIIDAE. By Dr. M. Hering.

129

of the world. The most conspicuous African species is presumably the 3 of the large black and white Abynoiha
preussi the life-history of which, however, is entirely unknown to me. The genus Numenes, which in India assumes
an Arctiid-like colouring, occurs also in the Ethiopian region though with a protective colouring. Besides whitish
hyaline or pale yellow wings, the apical portions of which are bordered with blackish, some species exhibit
a very conspicuous lustrous white or dark yolk-coloured exterior, so that the Porthesia, Artaxa and others
may be seen from afar sitting on the trunk. These are above all those species the thorax or hind-margin of
which exhibits the above-mentioned conspicuous hairing, and wherever this is not the case, in fact the existency
of the species is so much menaced that make mimicry necessary. Thus nearly all the Lymantria- species of
the monacha group in Eastern Asia are adapted to the bark of fir-trees to such a degree that the insect is well
protected and difficult to discover, whereas the European Ocneria monacha with its glaring white exterior
traversed by black dents is to be seen from a great distance. This behaviour of monacha changes, as it were,
before our own eyes, since the grey forms that were but very little known a hundred years ago, already predo¬
minate to-day in many districts, particularly in those years, when the imago does not occur in great numbers *).

Although nothing is known of a perfect seasonal dimorphism in the Lymantriidae, yet the enormous
change of their occurrence proves their being very dependent on the weather. A great many species are of
annual occurrence and that not only in districts, where this change might be due to special measures of cultivation.
Like all the old families of insects, the Lymantriidae are also of a great fertility, so that, if all the other conditions
are favourable, they generally propagate rapidly in enormous masses. At such occasions they may also be
migratory, though only in very few species of them, since the 9? of most of the Lymantriidae are lazy and
unwieldy, if not unable to fly at all.

The larvae are generally very polyphagous, and particularly remarkable by some species being able
to feed from either leaves or conifers according to the circumstances. In other, likewise phylogenetically old
families we find a similar behaviour, as for instance in those feeding on lichens ( Oeonistis quadra) which, in
case of their rapid propagation or if the lichens sometimes fail to appear, may also feed on leaves or on conifers.

In the mostly very plain colouring of most of the Lymantriidae , that recurs in nearly all the lepidopteral
families, we frequently meet with resemblances both with members of the same family and with Geometridae
or species of other lepidopteral groups, and they do not exhibit any striking characters that might be regarded
as mimicry, which as in all the other phylogenetically old families seems also here to be entirely absent.

A very strange peculiarity of some Lymantriidae, the purpose of which is quite incomprehensible to
me, is exhibited by the centre of the thorax, which is otherwise densely covered with woolly hair, presenting an
entirely hairless place, thus a so-called baldness, as it is often caused in other Heterocera- by their being damaged
in flying about and by frequent collisions. As we can never ascertain in the captured insect, whether this bald
metanotum, where the bare chitine is to be seen, is genuine or acquired, I had also always considered this to
be due to injuries. Only when I noticed an entire homogeneousness of these bald places in a great number
of evidently freshly crept out Epicoma, I made experiments with breeds **) which proved the imagines of
this genus being yielded from the pupae with a bare metanot um. Nothing is known to me of a similar behaviour
in the African species; but as this can only be ascertained in the live and quite fresh insect before its first
flight, it may also occur in the Ethiopian region, without having been noticed, as was the case in the Austra¬
lian region.

Lyman tri i dae.

In the African region this family seems to have attained the highest degree of development . More than
800 species are enumerated in the following pages, and probably there will be many new species added on
the country being methodically explored. The forms vary exceedingly not only in the colours but also in the
structure. Species with absent or stunted vein 5 of the hindwing are suggestive of Noctuids, whereas in other
genera vein 5 is so far removed in front, that they resemble thereby the Notodontidae from which they are
separable by the Noctuid-like tympanal organ. From the Pterothysanidae they are distinguished only by the
presence of a frenulum, and certain genera exhibit, without counting this characteristic, such a great conformity
that the Pterothysanidae may be partly denoted as Lymantriidae that have secondarily lost the hooking bristle.

The number of veins in the forewing is variable ; in general there are 12 veins present, the radial branches
being partly forked. In many genera there is an accessory cell, though this mark is by no means constant;
in certain genera there are species in which the single individuals may be with an accessory cell or without it.
Sometimes single radial branches anastomose, particularly the veins 8 and 9 in the forewing. The anal vein (1 c)

*) It is a remarkable fact that this melanism has nothing to do with the so-called industrial melanism; on the
contrary, the grey exterior of the Ocneria monacha is met with in the direction from east to west. (Seitz.)

**) In New South Wales I bred Epicoma tristis and melanospila.

XIV

17

pcrculta.

phaeophle-

bia.

luteipes.

flavifrons.

purissima.

ogovensis.

130 BAZISA; STILPNOTIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

is invariably absent. In the bind wing the subcosta (vein 8) may be fused with the anterior edge of the cell
for a short or greater distance ( Homoeomeria ), whereby a resemblance to the Arctiids is produced. Of great
importance for the identification of the species is the position of vein 4 in the hindwing, which may be situate
nearer at vein 5 or vein 3. The antennae are almost invariably pinnate, in the <$ mostly rather long, in the
$ shorter. The palpi have 2 or 3 joints, being covered with shaggy hair or smooth, rarely very long (Marbla).
The tibiae and tarsi are covered with appressed or projecting hair; the hind tibiae have 1 or 2 pah of spin’s,
whereby very similar genera such as Liparis and AclonopJilebia can be separated. The tibial blade of the
forelegs is mostly very long and characteristic of the genera; in future researches this mark ought to be par¬
ticularly taken into consideration. Certain genera exhibit the abdomen above provided with a number of dorsal
hair-tufts. Proboscis absent.

The majority of the species described has not always been ranged in the correct genera, whereas some
genera are so very similar that species occur forming transitions. Even in very large collections of museums
a completeness of the species is impossible owing to the enormous material. For this reason it could neither
be ascertained in all cases, whether all the species belonged in fact to the genera to which they were placed,
particularly in the Euproctis , Lcicipa, and Porthesici, Dasychira and Laelia. On the other hand, it may be possible
that some more Lymantriidae were described in other families, for instance as Geometrids, as has been the case
with Euproctis ( Soloe ) bigutta (22 e). Thus there remains rather much work that will have yet to be done with
the African Lymantriidae, and the following classification is to be considered merely as a provisional one. In
the Lymantriidae there occur quite similar species in quite different genera, and on that account it is to be
recommended in identifying an insect not only to consult the figure, but also to compare the diagnose of the
genus. For the correct identification the keys by Aurivillius (Arkiv for Zoologi vol. II, No. 4, p. 62) and
Janse (Annals of the Transv. Museum vol. V, p. 3) are of immense value, though many a new genus has been
added in the meantime.

1. Genus: ISnzfsii Wlcr.

«r,

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs; forewing with a long accessory cell which is behind almost open, vein
11 separate, 10 on a long stalk with 7 to 9; in the hind wing 6 and 7 are separate, cross-vein between 8 and the
anterior edge of the cell almost in the centre of it.

B. perculta Dist. Body ochreous-yellow, like forewing; the latter at the apex and distal margin
broadly black, also the veins in the apical third black. Hindwing with a black marginal area, veins near it
also black. Beneath the black markings are less distinct. Expanse: 26 to 30 mm. Transvaal.

B. phaeophlebia Hmps. Head, collar, and tegulae deep orange, thorax yellowish- white. Palpi, chest,
femora, and abdomen yellowish-orange, tibiae yellowish-white, above striped blackish-brown. Forewing,
yellowish-white, veins thinly dark brown. Hindwing pale ochreous, veins in the distal part finely dark brown
Under surface with yellowish -orange costal margin, the terminal area being suffused with brown. Expanse:
40 mm. Congo.

2. Genus: Siilgmotisi Wkr.

Cell of forewing without an accessory cell, vein 10 separately from the cell, vein 7 rises before the centre

of the stalk of 8 + 9. In the hindwing vein 8 touches the anterior edge of the cell only in one place or it is

connected with it by the cross-vein. Veins 6 and 7 rise from the same place, 4 and 5 are nearing each other.
Palpi distinct, pointed; hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. - — Chiefly white species; as the descriptions are often
insufficient, some of the following species will perhaps have to be ranged with other genera, e. g. Homoeomeria.
Cf. Vol. II, p. 123. - — From the Indian and American regions the genus has not yet been mentioned.

St. luteipes Wkr. (= laba Schs. & Clem.) (20 a). Wings lustrous white, forewing with a more or

less distinct ochreous-yellow costal margin, at least on the under surface, particularly in the $. Head in front

and legs ochreous-yellow. From Sierra Leone to Angola, also in Central Africa and Fernando Po.

St. flavifrons Hmps. As the preceding species, but anterior and middle legs striped brown. British
East Africa.

St. purissima sp. n. (20 a) is separated from luteipes by a white frons, more intense gloss on the forewing,
and a more densely scaled hindwing. Wings of a pure white, without ochreous areas. 2 $$ from Cameroon
in the Berlin Museum.

St. ogovensis Holl. (= nitida Swh.) (20 a) is similar to luteipes, somewhat larger, with a more intense
gloss. Forewing with a few duller oblique stripes, if the light strikes it obliquely. Costal margin and fringe
ochreous-yellow. In the whole of West Africa as far as the Transvaal.

STILPNOTIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

131

St. discissa Griinb. (20 a). As nitida, but costal margin and fringe white. German East Africa. discism.

St. tiphia SwTi. Antennae black, their shafts powdered with whitish, palpi black, with a few ochreous tiphia.
hairs, frons the same as well as chest. Legs white, anterior tibiae in front black, rest of body white. Forewing
thinly white, lustrous, costal margin as far as 1/3 black, beneath the costal area is besides ochreous-yellow.

Expanse 30 to 35 mm. British East Africa.

St. melanochila sp. n. (21 a). Body yellowish-white, head and prothorax orange, palpi and costal meianochi-
margin of forewing as far as the apex violettish-black. Wings of a pure pearl-white colour. <$. Type from
Spanish Guinea in the Berlin Museum.

St. maria Ky. Wings iridescent white, somewhat hyaline, with two silvery white transverse bands maria.
in the forewing, one of which is situate right before the margin, the other distally from the cell and angular
behind the cell; the cell and basal area silvery white. Antennae brownish-grey, face and forelegs yellowish.

Expanse of wings: 43 mm. Eastern Africa.

St. sericea Kenr. Head yellowish, palpi black, antennae, legs, and body white. Wings silky white, sericea.
forewing at the costal margin scantily powdered with blackish. Expanse: $ 36, $ 54 mm. Madagascar.

St. roseicoxa Kenr. (20 a). Palpi above brown, beneath white, antennal shaft white, its pinnae brown; roseicoxa.
head, thorax, abdomen, and legs white, only the hips at the end pink. Wings densely white, forewings with
a silvery gloss. Expanse: 52 mm. Madagascar.

St. costalis Swh. Antennae brown, their shaft as well as the palpi and the body reddish-white, costalis.
prothorax with a few ochreous-yellow hairs. Under surface reddish- white. Wings of a pure white, scantily
scaled, the costal margin suffused with a pale reddish, sometimes also the posterior edge of the cell. A small black
spot is at the cell-end of the forewing. The wings are more oblong than usual. Expanse 40 mm. Uganda.

St. pruiosa Btlr. Wings thinly scaled, lustrous white, abdomen brownish, scaled white, beneath pruiosa .
white. Tarsi black, at the base white. Expanse 65 mm. Madagascar.

St. parva Plotz (= aurifrons Mschlr.) (20 a). Wings lustrous white, forewing with a black streak at parva.
the cell-end. Antennae brown, shaft white. Erons and anterior hips ochreous-yellow, legs white, anterior
tibiae and anterior tarsi in front black. West Africa.

St. albifrons B.-BaJc. Antennae yellowish with a white shaft, body white with a pearl-coloured gloss, albifrons.
Both wings pearl-white, forewing more lustrous, with a black streak on the cross-vein. Expanse 22 mm.

Lagos. The colour of the head is variable, and it may be that albifrons and aurifrons are the same species.

St. albissima B.-Bak. The whole body, also the antennae, of a pure white, only the frons and palpi albissima.
yellow. Wings of a pure white, forewing wdth a black dot at the cell-end. Expanse: A 24, $ 38 mm. Congo.

St. vata Swh. Frons and antennae orange, legs white, in front orange. The rest of the body and the Vata.
wings are silky wdiite, the costal margin of the forewing is orange. Forewing long and narrow, distal margin
longer than the hind-margin. Expanse: 28 mm. Nigeria.

St. gracillima II oil. Antennae grey, shaft white. Palpi, frons, and body yellowish-grey, wings whitish gracillima.
diaphanous, the margins more densely scaled in white. Expanse: A 22, $ 37 mm. Ogowe, Old Calabar. From
the similar Hyaloperina nudiuscula Aur. (20 h) at once discernible by the white antennal shaft.

The position of the 3 following species is uncertain and could not be revised.

St. nigripes Boll. Antennae grey wdth a white shaft. Frons orange; body and legs white, but tibiae nigripes.
and tarsi black. Wings densely silvery white, costal margin of forewing black. Expanse: 30 mm. Ogowre.

St. xanthosorna Boll. Antennae as in nigripes, body light yellow. Wings yellowish-white, forewing xanthoso -
and distal margin of hindwing brown. Expanse 40 mm. Ogowe. ma-

St. exirnia Boll. Antennae blackish, frons wdiite; collar in front dark brown as well as a spot at the eximia.
ground of the patagia. Body white, with a grey dorsal line. Legs yellowish-white. Forewing yellowish-white,
costal margin feebly dark brown. Veins, particularly in the distal part, brown. Hindwdng and under surface
white. Expanse 45 mm. Ogowe.

St. dubia Auriv. (21 a). Similar to luteipes (20 a), but the apex and the last third of the costal margin dubia.
are blackish. Wings otherwise silky white, in fresh specimens also the dark apex is covered with w hite. Hindwing
at the costal margin at the apex wdth obsolete black dots in the $. Lower Congo.

St. fusca (Auriv.) sp. n. (20 a). Body chocolate-browm, beneath whitish, head and part of legs ochreous- fusca.
yellow or orange. Wings uni-coloured greyish-brown. Gabun. - — In the Berlin Museum there are 3 one
of which is designated as ,,Caviria fusca Auriv., type“. But apparently the species has never been described.

132 HOMOEOMERIA; PSECDARCTIA; LEDCOMA; HEXANEURA; SCHALIDOMITRA ; CREAGRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

flavicapilla .

nivea.

reimeri.

nivea .

vosseleri.

cinna mo¬
rn ea.

maculifera .

ambages.

3. Genus: Homoeomeria Wllgr.

Easily discernible from Stilpnotia by vein 8 of hindwing being for a long distance fused with the anterior
edge of the cell. Probably also some species mentioned in the preceding genus belong hereto; the genus Pteredoa
seems also to be united with it. The genus is purely Ethiopian.

H. flavicapilla Wllgr. (20 b). Wings white, costal margin of forewing, particularly beneath, yellow,
head and collar yellow. Expanse 30 to 35 mm. South and British East Africa.

H. nivea Auriv. (20 b) is easily separated from the former by the white head. Expanse 34 mm. - —
In the form reimeri Strd. (28 g) the forewing is somewhat more pointed, the distal margin more oblique, the form
being somewhat smaller (expanse: $ 30, $ 22 mm). East Africa.

4. Genus: Psemlarctia B.-Bak.

Forewing without accessory cell, veins 7 to 10 forked, 10 at about y4 of the stalk, 7 beyond the centre
of it. On the hindwing vein 8 only touches the cell in one place. Hitherto only 1 Ethiopian species is known.

Ps. nivea B.-Balc. Body white, legs white, femora laterally red, tibiae and tarsi laterally brown.
Antennae blackish. Wings of a pure white colour, expanse 52 mm. Uganda.

5. Genus: JLeucoma Steph.

This genus has but one representative in Africa. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, forewing with or
without an accessory cell, in the latter case vein 10 from the cell, 7 nearly from the centre of the stalk of
8 + 9, in the hindwing 6 + 7 forked, 4 nearer to 5 than 3. The genus is also represented in the palearctic,
Indian, and American Faunae. Cf. Vol. II, p. 123, and Vol. X, p. 308.

L. vosseleri Grilnb. (21 b). Forewing dark brown, in the centre an oblique light transverse spot.
Hindwing black with a white longitudinal stripe from the base to 1/3 of the distal margin. German East Africa.

6. Genus: Hexaueiira.

As neither of the species described was before me, I was unable to supply a definition of the genus.

H. cinnamomea Wllgr. According to the description the wings are pale cinnamon-brown, towards
the margins paler; antennae black, palpi cinnamon-brown. Caffraria.

H. maculifera Wllgr. Forewing grey with a black discoidal spot, hindwing above whitish, antennae
grey, palpi black. Caffraria.

7. Genus: Schalidomltra Strd.

Owing to the structure of the tympanal organ being similar to that in the Agaristidae, it probably
belongs to the Noctuidae, but it was described as a Lymantriid. Frons with a coniform projection, beyond
which the palpi project yet. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. End of abdomen of $ with a woolly tuft. Forewing
with an accessory cell. 11 separate, 10 forked with 8 + 9, 7 from the centre of the accessory cell, 6 separated
afar from it. In the hindwing 8 is fused for some distance with the anterior edge of the cell, 6 + 7 forked,
3 and 4 from the same place. In both wings vein 5 rises very far in front. But 1 species.

S. ambages Strd. (21 a). Forewing white, with a black antemedian and postmedian line, a black dot
in the centre of the cell and at the cell-end, between the two lines the space above the hind-margin is filled
up with black. At the margin a series of black spots. Hindwing yellow, dots on the cross-vein, marginal
dots, and a dark indistinct median line are black. German East Africa.

8. Genus: Clreagra Wllgr.

Forewing with an accessory cell, vein 10 from the centre of it, veins 9 + 8 forked from its apex, 7 from
the accessory cell, 6 nearing the accessory cell. In the hindwing vein 3 is farther remote from 4 than 4 is from
5, veins 6 and 7 from the same place or forked, 8 touching the cell only in one place. Palpi short, hind
tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. The genus, as much as we know so far, is exclusively Ethiopian.

NAROMA; STILPNAROMA ; GRAMMOA; PTEREDOA. By Dr. M. Hering.

133

C. liturata Guer. (= dealbata H.-Schaff., aliena Wllgr.) (20 b). Frons yellow, tarsi black, rest of the lituratu.
insect densely white, also the wings; forewing with a few black vein-streaks. Cameroon to South Africa.

C. niacrocera Sharpe is said to resemble Stracilla translucida Oberth. (20 d), but it is larger, with larger macrocem.
antennae. A lustrous white species. Expanse 44 mm. It may not belong to this genus. East Africa.

C. albina Plotz (20 b). The position of this-species is likewise doubtful. Quite snow-white, also the albina.
antennae. Expanse about 45 mm. Bonjongo.

C. atricosta Hmps. Described as Leuco?na; position uncertain. Head and tegulae pale yellow, palpi atricosta.
blackish-brown, antennal shaft whitish, pinnae brown. Body otherwise whitish, legs partly blackish-brown,
wings thinly scaled, veins brownish, the forewing exhibits the first third of the costal margin black; cross¬
vein narrowly black, at the posterior edge of the cell and at the rise of some veins there are also black
scales. Expanse 54 mm. Ruwenzori.

9. Genus: Ifaroma Wkr. (Hysibada Wkr,. Zarfa Wkr.).

Forewing without an accessory cell, vein 10 from the discal cell, 7 rises behind the centre of the stalk
of 8 + 9 which are sometimes fused, in the hindwing vein 8 only shortly touches the cell. Hind tibiae with
2 pair of spurs, anterior tibiae covered with long bushy hair.

N. signifera Wkr. (= varipes Wkr. . lunifera Wkr., weyenberghi Snell., cadica Plotz, mabilli Rochebr.) signifera.
(20 b). White, antennae, palpi, and legs yellowish, tarsi black. Forewing changing from wood-colour to white,
at the cross-vein darkened into brownish. Two black dots on the cross-vein, some more on the posterior edge
of the cell. Before the margin a silvery white line. West and East Africa. - — Larva cpiite hairy; head black,
the joints 1 to 3 lighter than the following ones, between the joints 1 and 2 there are two black dots, the
first joint with 2 black lines diverging in front. Pupa slender, with a thin shell, brownish yellow, above
darker than below; everywhere, except at the wing-cases, densely haired. Cremaster elongate, somewhat
flattened down, at the apex and sides with numerous bristly hairs.

10. Genus: Stilpuaroma gen. nov.

Separated from Stilpnotia by vein 7 of forewing rising behind the centre of stalk 8 + 9, from N aroma
by the appressed scales on the anterior tibiae. Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. In the forewing veins 10 and 1 1
rise from the cell, 7 to 9 forked, 7 behind the centre of the stalk of 8 + 9. In the hindwing vein 4 is nearer
to 5 than to 3, 6 and 7 on a short stalk, 8 normal. Type of genus:

S. venosa sp. n. (26 h). Body ochreous yellowish, antennae and tarsi black. Wings yellowish-white, venom.
diaphanous, costal margin and veins of forewing dark brown. British Central Africa. + type from Luchonza
(Blantyre) in the Tring Museum.

11. Genus: Cwramnioa Auriv.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs; forewing without an accessory cell, vein 10 separately from the cell,

7 to 9 forked, 7 rising far before the centre of the stalk of 8 + 9. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 not forked. But
1 species is known.

G. striata Auriv. Body yellowish, frons, chest, and end of abdomen of a deeper yellow. Forewing striata.
white, costal margin, vein 4 and veins 6 to 9 as well as the median fold of the cell, and cell 1 b broadly blackish.
Hindwing white, veins 1 c, 4, 6, 7 likewise at the end broadly black. Beneath the costal margin of the wings
is yellow. Expanse: 41 mm. Cameroon.

12. Genus: JPteredoa Hmps.

Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. Forewing without on accessory cell, vein 10 from the cell, 7 to 9 forked,

7 almost from the centre of the stalk of 8 + 9 ; in the hindwing 6 + 7 forked, 3, 4 and 5 equidistant, 8 partly
fused with the anterior edge of the cell.

P. nigropuncta sp. n. (20 b). Forewing lustrous, with a slight yellowish tint, white; at the cell-end nigroputic-
a black spot. Hindwing and under surface purely white. 2 $ from Lolodorf, (Cameroon), in the Berlin Museum.

P. subapicalis sp. n. (20 c). As the preceding, the $ smaller, the + with a brown apical third on the subapicalis
forewing beneath. types from Delagoa Bay in the Berlin Museum.

P. monosticta Btlr. (20 c). Wings white, forewing with a red spot on the cross-vein. Expanse 25 mm. monosticta.
South Africa.

134

SYNO C4D0 A; STRACENA; STRACILLA; CROPERA. By Dr. M. Herixg.

hololevca.

usebia.

atripalpia.

plumosa.

siderea.

simplex.

fuscivena.

promelaena.

intermedia.

pellucida.

translucida.

P. hololeuca Hmps. Very similar to usebia (20 c), but the tibiae and tarsi are black-striped. Forewing:
veins 10 and 11 fused. Expanse 34 mm. Uganda.

P. usebia Swh. (= usebria Janse) (20 c). Wings purely white, as well as body, but irons and legs
ochreous-yellow. Vertex white. In the forewing vein 6 from the cell-angle. Expanse 34 mm. South and
East Africa.

P. atripalpia Hmps. Body white, palpi above black. Tibiae black-striped, tarsi black. Abdomen
beneath ochreous-yellow, forewing tinted with ochreous-yellow, otherwise white, hindwing white. Expanse
3S mm. Abyssinia.

P. plumosa Hmps. Similar to atripalpia, but vertex orange, vein 6 of forewing separated from the
stalk of 7 to 9. Mashonaland.

P. siderea sp. n. (28 d). Similar to usebia (20 c), but the antennae with reddish-yellow pinnae, head
lighter orange, forewing somewhat more greenish-white, with a very intense gloss, also the hindwing with a
gloss. Costal margin of forewing beneath orange-yellow. $ type from Nairobi in the Tring Museum.

13. Genus: Syiiogtloa Auriv.

Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs, forewing without accessory cell, vein 10 forked with 7 to 9, rising before 7.
In the hindwing vein 8 for a long distance fused with the anterior edge of the cell, 6 + 7 forked. But 1 species:

S. simplex Auriv. is very similar to the $ of Stracena fuscivena (20 c). Pale dingy yellowish, forewing
semi-transparent, costal margin brownish, at the cell-end a black dot. Expanse 47 mm. Cameroon.

14. Genus: Stracena Swh.

Eorewing without accessory cell, vein 10 from the stalk of 8 + 9 + 7, rising before 7. The two sides
of the cell-end form a right or acute angle. In the hindwing vein 8 is not connected for a long distance with
the anterior edge of the cell, 6 and 7 rise from the same place. Hind tibiae only with 1 pair of spurs.
Hitherto only known from Africa.

S. fuscivena Swh. (20c, 21a). $. Body dingy white, head, tegulae, and chest ochreous-yellow;

antennae, palpi, and the greatest part of the legs black. Forewing greyish-hyaline, veins darker brown ; hindwing
whitish hyaline, veins at the end brown. The 3 is white according to Aurivilliits, with a red-brown costal
margin of the forewing as far as % and a blackish spot at the cell-end; the body is red-brown. - — Larva
green, flattened down. Head in front between the antennae with an up-bent, inflated appendage, recalling
the palpi. Pupa bare, with an intense gloss, variegated as the pupa- of a butterfly, white with small black and
large orange spots. Nigeria, Cameroon.

S. promelaena Holl. (20 c) is similar to fuscivena, hindwing white with a black marginal band. Togo
to Angola. — In the form intermedia Auriv. the dark marginal band of the hindwing is absent, the veins are
in the forewing lighter, more brownish. Bred with the nominate form from the pupa. The latter is larger
than that of fuscivena and exhibits on the ventrum on the segments 5 and 6 one roundish spot each, surrounded
by black.

S. pellucida Griinb. (20 d). Body yellow, tips of palpi, antennae, and legs black. Wings hyaline
ochreous-yellow, forewing often in the distal third (except the extreme margin), in the cell, and behind the
cross-vein darkened with brown. East Africa.

15. Genus: §traeilla Auriv.

Distinguished from Stracena by veins 6 and 7 of hindwing being distantly separated and therefore
almost parallel. $ with projecting terebrae. Only 1 species is known.

S. translucida Oberth. (20 d). White, antennae, and part of legs black, wings all white, hyaline.
Abyssinia, Kilima Njaro, Congo.

16. Genus: Cropera Wkr.

Eorewing with accessory cell, vein 10 from the latter, 7 often forked with 8 + 9, rising before the
middle or at the bottom of the stalk. In the hindwing vein 4 is nearer to 5 than to 3, veins 6 and 7
rise together or separately. Palpi short. Hind tibiae with middle and terminal spurs. The genus is hitherto
only known from the Ethiopian Region.

CROREMA; RUANDA. By Dr. M. Hering.

135

C. testacea Wkr. (20 cl). The whole imago is lighter or darker ochreous-yellow, with a frequently testacea.
distinct brown spot on the cross-vein of the forewing. $ much more hyaline than the E- South and East Africa.

— In the form seminuda Hmps. the spot on the cross-vein of the forewing is absent. seminuda.

C. unipunctata Wichgr. Like testacea, but forewing more slender, the dot of the cross-vein is situate unipunda-
already at the base of the cell 3, not 4 as in testacea. Expanse 25 mm. German East Africa.

C. sericea Hmps. (20 d). Like the preceding, but fore wing white with a silky gloss, costal margin sericea.
of forewing ochreous-yellow, forewing invariably without a spot on the cross-vein. Range of the preceding
species.

C. venata Swh. (20 e). Described as Caduca venata, but owing to the veins, tibial blade and spurs venata.
it belongs hereto. Wings greyish hyaline, with dark veins. Abdomen yellow, above with black segmental
margins. Expanse 35 mm. Bike (West Africa).

C. phlebitis Hmps. (20 e). (Described as Laelia, but in the hindwing 4 is nearer to 5 than to 3!). Similar phlebitis.
to testacea, but without the spot on the cross-vein, all the veins being dark brown, the costal margin of the
forewing at the base blackish, hindwing unicoloured, lighter than forewing. South and East Africa.

C. sudanica Strd. (21 d). Greyish-brown with a slight ochreous-yellowish hue. Wings almost hyaline, sudanica.
Expanse 44 mm. It recalls Cropera testacea (20 d), though it is darker, greyish-brownish. Sudan.

C. stilpnaroma sp. n. (20 e). Entirely corresponding with Stilpnaroma venosa (21 e), but the hind stilpnaro-
tibiae have 2 pair of spurs, forewing with accessory cell. East Africa. type from Lake Nyassa in the Berlin
Museum.

17. Genus: Crorema Wkr.

Forewing with accessory cell, vein 11 from the cell, 10 from the accessory cell, as well as the forked
veins 8 + 9; vein 7 forked with 8 + 9 or rising together with them, 6 distantly separated from the accessory
cell ; in the hindwing 6 + 7 forked, 4 nearer to 5 than to 3. Palpi short, hind tibiae with middle and terminal
spurs, the latter several times longer than the width of the tibia. Hitherto only African species are known.

C. mentiens Wkr. (= obliqua Wkr., ampla Wkr., sulphurea Plotz) (20 e). Pale sulphur-coloured, $ mentiens.
more ochreous yellow, legs brown. Fore wing and body with a brown line being interrupted on the veins and
extending from the apex to % of the hind-margin, somewhat convex towards the base. Hindwing much paler.

Sierra Leone to Angola.

C. euproctoides sp. n. (21 b) is of the habitus of an Euproctis. Body and wings yellow, forewing with euprodoi-
3 orange-red spots, the largest at the base of the cell between veins 3 and 4, smaller ones above and below des-

vein 2. $ type from Nzaso, German East Africa, in the Berlin Museum.

C. adspersa H.-Schaff. (= prolixa Wllgr.) (20 f). Similar to mentiens, darker yellow, in the forewing adspersa.
instead of the brown line a row of isolated spots which is almost rectangularly flawed between the veins 3 and 4
and does not reach the hind-margin. From the Congo to South and East Africa.

C. fulvinotata Btlr. Similar to adspersa, larger, body and wings more yellow; the spots of the forewing fulvinotata.
are orange instead of brown. Expanse 40 to 47 mm. Zomba, Central Africa. — The species, according to Janse,
is said to be identical with Laelia setinoides Holl. (23 b); also Laelia evanescens Hmps. (23 b) belongs to this
genus owing to the veins.

C. staphylinochrous sp. n. (21 b) is quite similar to the Zygaenid genus Staphylinochrous . Body and staphyli-
wings ochreous yellow, marginal areas of both wings and veins blackish-brown, all being thinly scaled. Angola. nochrous.
3 type from Quisoll in the Berlin Museum, paratype in the Tring Museum.

C. crocipes Bsd. (20 f). Wings hyaline white, base of costal margin of forewing, chest and legs ochreous- crocipes.
yellow. Madagascar.

C. eleuteria Stoll (20 f). Forewing white, costal margin, apical portion as far as the cell and all the eleuteria.
veins dark brown. Hindwing of a pure white. In the $ and sometimes in the B the blackish-brown colouring
is only yet visible on the veins. Sierra Leone to Congo.

18. Genus: Ituamla Strd.

Very similar to the preceding genus, with very short spurs of the hind tibiae, nearly as long as the
tibia is broad. Only known from Africa.

R. aetheria Strd. (21 b). Body yellowish, wings hyaline dull grey, with darker veins, and a darker aetheria.
basal line of the fringes. German East Africa.

eleuteriop-

sis.

margine-
pu net at a.

nielanocras-

pls.

rufiterga.

ar genteq.

innocens.

oloris.

limpida.

136 REDOA; BICELLUPHORA; C'ROREMOPSIS; SAPELIA. By Dr. M. Herixo.

R. eleuteriopsis sp. n. (21 b). Forewing quite similar to that of Crorema eleuteria, but the ground-
colour of both wings is yellowish white. The black apical part between the veins 2 and 4 is almost entirely
white. Hindwing with a fine black marginal line and black ends of the veins before it. In the forewing vein 10
rises forked with 8 + 9 from the accessory cell, 7 before its end. The two pair of spurs of the hind tibiae are
as long as the width of the tibia. + type from Rabai, British East Africa, in the Tring Museum.

19. Genus: Iterioa Wkr.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Forewing with a long accessory cell, 10 rises from it, before 7, 8 + 9
from it forked. Hindwing with equidistant veins 3, 4 and 5, 6 + 7 forked.

R. marginepunctata Saalm. (20 f). Wings hyaline white, in the forewing the costal margin, the apex
broadly, and the distal margin blackish, hindwing with black marginal dots. Body varying from whitish to
ochreous yellowish. Madagascar.

R. melanocraspis Hmps. (20 g). Body white, wings hyaline-white, forewing with a black costal margin
at the base. Expanse 30 to 42 mm. South Africa.

R. rufiterga Hmps. Head and thorax red-brown, mixed with white, palpi black and white. Antennal
shaft white. Forelegs and middle legs ochreous-yellow, powdered with black. Abdomen white, with dark
segmental rings and lateral stripes. Forewings silvery white, with black scales on some veins in the marginal
area. Costal margin yellow, basally and apically black. A small black dot in the centre of the cell and 4
similar ones at tire anal angle. Fringe at the end yellow. Hindwing of a pure white. Expanse 50 mm. South
Nigeria.

20. Genus: JSicelliipliora J anse.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Forewing with accessory cell, vein 1 1 anastomosing with it, so that
another accessory cell is produced. Vein 10 rises from the first accessory cell, before 7, 8 + 9 from its end,
forked; 6 close at the ascesssory cell. Hindwing: 6 + 7 from the same place or forked, 3 and 4 nearer to
each other. Hitherto only 1 (South- African) species is known.

B. argentea J arise. Head, thorax and forewing silvery white, with a slight yellowish tint; thorax
with a brown central spot. Forewing with the following blackish transverse lines: a subbasal angular one,
extending to lb; an antemedian double one; a post median thin line, at vein 2 incurved; a subterminal double
line; between them between 2 and 1 b a blackish-brown macula; a terminal row of indistinct internerval spots.
In half of the cell a ring-macula, at the end a reniform macula. Hindwing silvery white. Expanse about 40 mm.
Similar to a Cerura. Transvaal.

21. Genus: Croremopsis gen.nov.

Structurally similar to Crorema, but in the forewing vein 10 rises distally to 7 from the stalk of 8 + 9,
otherwise as Crorema. Type of the genus is C. innocens from Madagascar.

C. innocens sp. n. (28 b). Body whitish, antennal pinnae light brown, head ochreous-yelllow, palpi
and tarsi blackish. Wings uni-coloured white. + type from Diego-Suarez in the Tring Museum. Madagascar.

22. Genus: Sapelia Swh.

Forewing without accessory cell, vein 7 forked with 8 + 9, rising at or before the centre of the stalk,
in the hindwing vein 8 touches the cell only in one place or it is connected with it by the cross- vein. Hind
tibiae with 1 pair of spurs, palpi short or rudimentary. Hitherto only known from Africa.

S. oloris sp. n. (21 b). Body brownish-grey, abdomen above whitish. Forewing hyaline brownish,
veins broadly brown, costal margin black. Hindwing hyaline white, fringe brown, on the centre of the anterior
edge of the cell a fine black dot, by which the species is easily discernible. $ type from Togo in the Berlin
Museum, C type from Bingerville in the Tring Museum.

S. limpida Swh. Antennae black, body and legs white, wings of a pure white, in the C thinly scaled,
in the $ hyaline, costal margin of forewing and veins of both wings somewhat powdered with ochreous-yellow,
in the $ with blackish. $ with a grey dot at the posterior cell-end. Expanse : <$ 35, $ 53 mm. Nigeria. According
to Joicey + Talbot, this species is identical with te <$ of Stracena fuscivena (20 c, 21 a).

S. bipunctata Holl. is like tavetensis (20 g), but the legs are quite yellow. Congo.

bipunctata.

Publ. 1. XI. 1926.

OLAPA; OGOA. By Dr. M. Hering.

137

S. flavipectus Swh. (20 g). Antennae only apically black, otherwise yellowish; head, body beneath, flavipedus.
and femora yellow, tibiae and tarsi white. Veins of the wings more intensely yellow than in the preceding
species, veins 6 and 7 of hindwing on a longer pedicle. Expanse 64 mm. Nigeria.

S. tavetensis Holl. (= telesilla Drc.) (20 g). Body whitish, head, prothorax and antennae yellowish, tavetendn.
legs partly in front black. Wings hyaline, varying from whitish to ochreous-yellowish, at the costal margin
of the forewing more densely powdered, on the cross-vein of the forewing two black dots. East Africa, Kilimanjaro,

Cameroon. — Larva uni-coloured black with dense greyisli-white hair. Pupa light brown with black antennal
cases, two rectangular and some smaller ventral spots and a dorsal row and a lateral row each of black dots,
above and behind covered with long light yellow hair. Pupation in a loose reticular web of yellow hairs.

S. xanthocephala sp. n. Purely white, densely scaled, antennal pinnae brownish, frons sulphur- xanthoce-
coloured. + $ types from German East Africa, also Gabun and Cameroon. phala.

S. sulphureivena Aur. Abdomm beneath purely white; frons, chest, femora, posterior edge of collar, sulphurci-
and a median line of the thorax, in the forewing the costal margin, veins 1 to 3, the posterior edge of the vena.

cell, and the fringe are light sulphur-coloured, the rest of the wings transparent white. Expanse: 48 mm.

— Larva, grass-green, with black dorsal spots, pupa lustrous green with long hair-pencils. Centre of dorsum
behind red, abdomen with a black median streak. Cameroon.

23. Genus: Olapa Wlcr. ( = Antiphella Wkr.).

Forewing with or without an accessory cell, in the latter case vein 7 is forked with 8 + 9, 10 and 11
separate. In case of the presence of an accessory cell, veins 6, 7 and 10 rise from it, as well as the forked
veins 8 + 9. Vein 4 distinctly separated from 5; in the hindwing vein 8 does not touch the cell any longer,

4 is nearer to 5 than to 3, 6 + 7 are forked. Palpi in the £ rather rudimentary, hind tibiae only with
terminal spurs. As much as is known, the genus is purely Ethiopian.

0. nigribasis Janse is quite similar to flabellaria (20 h), the costal margin being black as far as %, nigribasis.
with black scales beyond the cell between the veins 4 and 5, 6 and 7. Expanse 46 mm. South Africa.

0. flabellaria F. (— crocicollis H .-Schaff., temperata Wkr., vecontia Drc.) (20 g, h). Wings thinly flabellaria.
scaled, in the $ whitish, in the $ more ochreous-yellowish, antenna'e, head, prothorax, and legs ochreous-yellow,
the rest of the body in the $ white, in the $ likewise ochreous-yellow, the $ besides with a thick anal tuft.

Abyssinia, South Africa.

0. melanocera Hmps. is separated from flabellaria (20 h) by black antennae. Ruwenzori, Uganda, melanocera.

0. furva Hmps. Similar to flabellaria (20 h), but with darker veins, those of the hindwing being less furva.
dark than those of the forewing. Expanse 48 to 56 mm. South Africa.

0. nuda Holl. is like furva, but the ground-colour of the wings yellowish-white, veins of both wings nuda.
equally dark. South and Central Africa.

0. makala B.-Bak. Wings hyaline milky white, forewing at the cell-end with a blackish spot, hindwing makala.
with a blackish spot a little before the centre on the hindmargin. Expanse 43 mm. Congo.

0. argenna Mob. (20 h). Wings likewise hyaline white, body white like the antennal shafts, antennal argenna.
pinnae yellowish. Tibiae blackish. Madagascar.

0. imitans Aur. Similar to makala , inside of anterior tibiae and apices of tarsi brownish. Wings white, imitans.
without markings or with a submarginal dot in the cell 6 of the forewing and 1 c of the hindwing. Expanse
32 to 39 mm. Gabun.

0. nigricosta Hmps. Wings semi-transparent white, costal margin of forewing black. Expanse nigricosta.
38 mm. Cape Colony. — In the East-African race the costal margin is black only as far as 1/3, the expanse
of the $ is only about 30 mm : minima subsp. nov. (20 h) (2 from Pangani in the Berlin Museum). minima.

0. fulviceps Hmps. Body white, head, collar, tegulae, and legs orange-yellow. Wings hyaline white, fulviceps.
costal margin and hind-margin of forewing pale yellow. Expanse 48 mm. Congo.

24. Genus : €&|»oa Wkr.

Porewing with an accessory cell, from which vein 6 is distantly separated, 7 with the pedicle of 8 + 9
on a short pedicle or from the same place, 10 likewise from the apex of the accessory cell, 11 separate.
In the hindwing vein 8 only shortly touches the cell, 6 + 7 being forked, 4 nearer to 5 than to 3. Palpi
distinct, hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. 4 species are known, all from Africa.

XIV

IS

simplex.

fuscovenata.

oberthueri.

neavei.

nerina.

plana x

albida.

fumosa.

hesperia.

vesperina.

tenuimargo.

jonesi.

albida.

fumosa.

manifesto.

papiliona¬

ris.

permagnifi-

ea.

cafra.

138 OTHROEDA. By Dr. M. Hering.

0. simplex Wkr. Pale yellowish; antennae, tibiae, and tarsi black. Forewing coloured like the body,
with a black costal margin. Expanse 64 mm. South Africa.

0. fuscovenata Wichgr. Smaller and more yellowish than the preceding species, costal margin yellowish,
veins distally brown. Expanse 27 mm. German East Africa.

0. oberthueri JRothsch. A gigantic species. Body yellowish-white, the anal portion of the abdomen
cinnamon-brown. Wings diaphanous brownish, forewing with an angular median band, hindwing with a convex
post median band. Expanse 135 mm. Comoro Is.

0. neavei Rothsch. Body orange, abdomen black; 3 basal joints and the last joint orange. Forewing
dark smoky grey, the central and most distal quarters of the costal-marginal area orange, internerval spots
in the basal 2/5 suffused with orange, in the distal 3/5 only bordered with orange. An oval orange spot between
the veins 2 and 3 below the cell. Hindwing orange, with a black spot at the cell-end and a black submarginal
band, and black veins beyond the latter. Expanse 95 mm. Nyassalancl.

25. Genus: Otl»roe«l» Hbn.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, palpi projecting beyond the head. Forewing without an accessory
cell, 11 from the cell, 7, 10, 9 and 8 forked in this order; in the hindwing all the veins rise from the cell,
vein 4 nearer to 5 than to 3. — The species vary exceedingly and are only to be ascertained by the sexual
appendages. -Jordan undertook a thorough revision in 1924, so that this genus can be regarded now as being
well explored.

0. nerina Drc. (= $ occidentis Wkr.) (19 d) is the darkest species; the longitudinal stripes in
the basal area of the forewing in the Jj very narrow , the light area of the hindwing dark grey, abundantly powdered
with oclireous-yellow, otherwise similar to N . vesperina jonesi f. fumosa Jord. The $ is separated from similar
forms likewise by narrow longitudinal stripes in the basal area. The proximal margin of the distal band in
the hindwing cuts veins 6 and 7 close at their base. Sierra Leone, Gold Coast. The 8th tergit of the (J
is at the end feebly bent downward, in the $ the anterior border of the vaginal opening in the centre with
a lobate projection.

0. planax Jord. (= ? eremitana Strd.) (19 d, e). The black distal margin of the hindwing cuts about
the centre of veins 6 and 7 proximally, the species being otherwise very variable; hindwing whitish, powdered
with yellowish or blackish. In the form albida Jord. the hindwing (<$ and $) is white, before the black marginal
band orange-yellow; in the J form fumosa Jord. the hindwing is powdered with blackish in the light area; then
the species is externally not separable from vesperina jonesi f. fumosa. — The 8th tergit of the <§ is at the end
straight, in the $ the anterior border of the vaginal orifice is similar as in nerina though flatter. Gold Coast
to Congo.

0= hesperia Cr. (19 d) is a light form, never dark-powdered on the bands of the forewing or in the
hindwing. The black margin of the hindwing, which in planax albida goes proximally through the centre of veins
6 and 7, cuts the veins here before the centre. The 8th tergit in the $ is posteriorly long and bent upward,
in the $ the anterior border of the vaginal orifice shows in the centre a deep acute-angled indentation. Sierra
Leone and Gold Coast.

0. vesperina Wkr. (19 e) is an uncommonly variable species. In the genuine vesperina (— varunaea
Drc.) all the white markings except the subapical spots are orange-yellow, the base of the forewing has black
longitudinal stripes (Congo and Loanda) which are absent in tenuimargo Prout (19 f) (Angola, Lualaba, L.
Tanganyika). The light specimens are difficult to separate externally from planax and hesperia ; they belong
to jonesi Sharpe (19 e) in which the hindwing may be likewise almost white, as in the form albida Jord., or they
are for the greatest part powdered with blackish: = fumosa Jord. Between the two extreme forms all kinds of
transitions occur. Lagos to Gabun. The 8th tergit-appendage in the $ is broader, at the end broadly rounded.
The strangulation of the anterior border of the $ vaginal orifice is similar to that of hesperia , but flatter and
wider.

0. manifesta Swh. Similar to jonesi f. albida, but yellowish-white, the 1st subapical spot of the forewing
sometimes larger and not so far basally removed. Hindwing without orange. Genitals as in vesperina, the
end of the 8th tergit less rounded. Congo.

0. papilionaris Jord. (19 f). Wings pale orange with a black distal margin containing white spots,
and two black spots at the costal margin of the forewing. Congo, Lualaba -Kassai.

0. permagnifica Holl. Wings of a deeper orange-red colour, the black marginal band of the forewing
broader than in papilionaris , reaching to the cell-end, in its proximal part a row of white spots, which is sometimes
absent; in the submarginal row of white spots the fourth is the largest; an admarginal row of small double spots.
Ogove, Cameroon.

0. cafra Drc. (19 f). Forewing white with a brown hindmarginal streak, 3 slanting cross-bands, the
distal one of which is very broad at the costa and fills up the apex, therein 2 white spots; some black and

HYALOPERINA; LEUCOPERINA ; PORTHESIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

139

yellow markings at the anal angle. Hindwing white, margin black, interrupted by white and yellow. Under
surface of anterior tibia red. In the $ often large portions of the wing are red. - aino Bryk (19 f) is a form aino.
in which the hind wing is quite yellow, whereas the black .marking at the margin is mostly replaced by red.

Sierra Leone to L. Nyassa. — The larva entirely resembles our Lymantria- larvae, being brownish with black
short longitudinal and transverse streaks. The dorsal tubercles of the 2nd abdominal segment exhibit a different
very strong bristle.

0. catenata Jord. Similar to N. hesperia (19 d), but the hindwing shows besides a cliscal line of black cutenuta.
spots. The distal margin of the forewing is somewhat retracted below the apex. Base with a black ring filled
up with white, the dark discal stripe with a proximally projecting tooth . Expanse about 100 mm. North Loanda.

26. Genus: Hyaloperiita Auriv.

Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs; forewing without an accessory cell, vein 10 forked with 7 to 9, rising
before 7, cross-vein of forewing not very strongly broken in a right or an acute angle. In the hindwing vein
8 is only in one place united with the discal cell, vein 4 nearer to 5 than to 3.

H. vitrina sp. n. (21b). Wings hyaline, pinkish-white veins beneath prominent. Body white, abdomen vitrina.
yellowish, frons and base of costal margin on forewing beneath sulphur-coloured. $ type from Lake Nyassa
in the Berlin Museum.

H. nudiuscula Auriv. (20 h). Body whitish, tibiae and tarsi of forelegs, antennal shafts, and costal nudiuscula.
margin of forewing black. Wings hyaline white, veins hardly darker. In the similar Stilpnotia gracillima Holl.
the antennal shafts are white. Congo District.

H. privata sp. n. is in every respect consistent with nudiuscula both in the neuration and colouring, privata.
only the costal margin of the forewing being likewise white, more densely scaled, the veins more white, in the
preceding species somewhat darker. A type in the Berlin Museum (Pogge). ,,West-African coast44.

H. abyssinica sp. n. (21 c) is an intermediary stage between the two preceding species. Antennal dbyssinica.
shaft partly white, costal margin of forewing above as far as beneath as far as beyond the centre blackish,
head and prothorax ochreous yellowish. Still more densely scaled than the preceding species. Abyssinia.

A type from Mazaco in the Tring Museum.

27. Genus: ffiosicoperina Auriv.

Separated from all the Lymantriid genera by vein 11 being directed towards vein 12 and anastomosing
with it, otherwise it approximates H yaloperina.

L. atroguttata Aur. (= Syntaxis umbrinorma Tessm.) (21 c). Wings quite diaphanous white, with atroyutiata.
a black spot at the base of vein 2 on the forewing and an indistinct blackish antemedian line, and a postmedian
line parallel to the margin. Congo, Spanish Guinea.

L. kahli Holl. Forewing transparent brownish, at the rise of vein 2 with a black spot, hindwing white, kahli.
at the hind-margin clouded with pale brown. Expanse 38 mm. Cameroon.

28. Genus: S*orthesla Steph.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, palpi short. Forewing without an accessory cell, veins forked in the
order: 7, 10, 8, 9, and vein 6 rises together with the stalk; in the hindwing 6, 7 forked, vein 3 and 4 completely
fused, so that the hindwing lacks one vein, whereby the genus is distinguished from Euproctis which it resembles
in the habitus. The genus has an almost universal range; cf. Yol. II, p. 134; Vol. X, p. 332.

P. producta Wkr. (= depauperata Mob.) (20 h). Body white with an ochreous-yellow anal tuft; in producia.
the $ also the preceding segments are yellow. Wings more densely scaled, white; forewing of A beneath with
a dark costal-marginal streak. In quite fresh on being killed at once, the white colour assumes a creamy
tint later on. Expanse 20 (<£) to 43 (Q) mm. Madagascar, Comoro Is., German East Africa. — f. ukamica Strd. ukamica.
is a A fonq in which the costal margin beneath is distinctly broad blackish and half of the abdomen
yellow; — pusillima Strd. is a small form with an expanse of but 17 mm. In the Tring Museum there is a pusillima.
$ exhibiting a red dot on the left forewing at the lower cell-end.

P. falkensteini Dew. (20 i) is similar to producta (20 h), but the forewing is very scantily strewn with falkensteini,
black scales. Chinchoxo.

140

EUPROCTILLA. By Dr. M. Hering.

nigrijinis.

putilla.

aethiopica.

dewitzi.

hardenber-

gia.

lyona.

mima.

vagans.

sub-alba.

erythrostic-

la.

pectinala.

iabida.

lemur ia.

insignis.

P. nigrif inis Swh. ( = nigrifrons Sivh.) is quite similar to producta (20 h), but larger, abdomen of
$ above black, beneath golden yellow, beneath with a black median line. Expanse: 40 mm. Kikuyu.

P. putilla Saahn. deviates from producta in the following marks: palpi shorter, outside brownish, not
purely white. Eyes bordered by ochreous-yellow hairs also the inner side of the anterior tibiae with such
hair. Wings above white, beneath the costal margin of the fo^ewing is ochreous-yellow. Expanse: $ 19 to
2 2 nr m . Madagascar .

P. aethiopica Snell. (= natalensis Janse) (20 i) is separated from the following dewitzi (20 i) in the
G by its smaller size and more confluent bands which are more violet. South and East Africa.

P. dewitzi Grunb. (20 h, 28 f). Body quite ochreous-yellow, anal tuft more brownish. Forewing
yellow, parallel to the margin a row of very distantly interrupted spots powdered with blackish -brown ; a
similar spot between 1 b and 1 c towards the base. Hindwing uni-coloured pale yellow. — with an antemedian
and postmedian band powdered with violettish-grey, being somewhat fused at the hind-margin and often not
reaching the costal margin. Chinchoxo, Cameroon.

P. hardenbergia Janse. Forewing yellow, the bands composed of orange and blackish scales, one
of which is antemedian, the other subterminal, both being almost parallel; thej neither read? the costal
margin here. Hindwing darker yellow than in dewitzi. Expanse: 25 mm. Natal.

P. lyona Swh. This species probably belongs to Porthesia and was originally described in the Euproctis.
Expanse only 22 mm. Ground-colour of wings as in dewitzi (20 li), but with 2 rows of black irroration, often
connected at the hind-margin, the proximal row before the centre, neither of them reaching the costal margin.
Bipindi.

P. mima Strd. (20 i). Foreving ochreous-grey with a broad antemedian and postmedian band of
blackish irroration, being, however, only distinct from the hind-margin to about half of the wing. Hinclwing
grey; 6 7 are fused forming one vein. Cameroon.

P. vagans n. sp. (28 f). Body and forewing white, covered with brown scales across which some
blackish scales are strewn. Apparently the centre of the costal margin, the hind-margin of the cell, and some
marginal spots are whitish in the undamaged insect. Abdomen and hindwing white. Cameroon. $ type from
Yaunde Stat. in the Berlin Museum.

P. sub-alba Janse. Body light yellow, abdomen on the first 3 segments white, then ochreous-yellow.
Forewing light yellow, with an indistinct white antemedian line and a distinct postmedian line extending obliquely
from the centre of the hind-margin to vein 4. Hindwing and under surface of both wings white. Expanse:
30 mm. South Africa.

P. erythrosticta Hmps. Head and thorax yellowish-white; palpi with some black scales. Abdomen
white, anal tuft yellow. Forewing yellowish- white. A postmedian black dot above vein 7, and below that vein
an orange-red spot powdered with black. A small similar spot below vein 4, 3 slanting similar dots between
vein 2 and the hind-margin. Hindwing white. Expanse: 36 mm. Sudan. The species is said to resemble
Euproctis rufopunctata Wkr. (22 a).

P. pectinata Fryer. Body yellowish-white, antennae in the very strongly pinnate, the pinnae being
brown. Wings white. In the $ the costal margin is very convex. Expanse: 40 to 49 mm. Seychelles.

P. tabida n. sp. (28 c). The $ is somewhat similar to the <$ of aethiopica Snell. (20 i). Body yellow,
abdomen paler. Forewing yellow, with a narrower antemedian and median band, a broader postmedian band,
the latter in its upper portion traversed by a light line; all the bands composed of violettish-blackish scales.
Hindwing and under surface quite pale yellow. $ type from Coomassie in the Tring Museum.

P. lemuria n. sp. (21 c, 27 a). Body whitish, above mixed with ochreous-yellow. Forewing white,
the basal 3/4 powdered with ochreous brown, towards the costal margin lighter, in the centre parted by a
paler transverse line, beneath white with a brown costal margin. Hindwing white, above in the hindmarginal
area with yellowish hair. G type from Diego Suarez in the Tring Museum. Madagascar.

29. Genus: B^iaproctilla Auriv.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Palpi long, projecting beyond the irons. Forewing without an
accessory cell, vein 10 forked with 7 to 9, rising before 7, vein 8 absent, as 8 + 9 are completely fused [in Leptaroa
10 and 8 + 9 only rises behind vein 7]; 6 rises together with the pedicle. In the hindwing vein 8 is partly fused
with the anterior edge of the cell, 6 + 7 and 3 + 4 being forked. Only Ethiopian forms have been ranged in
this genus.

Eu. insignis Auriv. Forewing white, in the centre with a large yellowish-brown spot occupying a great
part of the distal half of the wing; before the margin some blackish spots. Hindwing scaled blackish. Expanse:
15 mm. Cameroon.

EUPROCTILLINA; LEPIDOLACIPA ; LACIPA. By Dr. M. Hering.

141

Eu. satyrus n. sp. (27 h). Forewing light sulphur-coloured, a broad median band is red-brown, distantly satyrus.
separated from it a red-brown subterminal band which is centrally and at the tornus expanded into a spot.
Hindwing pale yellowish- white. types from Mt. Cameroon (1700 m) in the Berlin Museum. $ much paler,

forewing and hindwing almost equally coloured, forewing with some brown scales in the discal area.

Eu. disjuncta Auriv. Forewing yellowish, in the centre and at the tornus strewn with blackish ; hindwing disjundu.
of a dingy yellowish colour, at the margin blackish. Wings beneath dingy white, with 2 brownish transverse
lines. Vein 8 in the hindwing separated from the anterior edge of the cell. Expanse: 15 mm. Cameroon.

Eu. latifascia sp. n. (20 i). Forewing sometimes with all the veins present, but in the hindwing vein latifascia.
8 is fused at the anterior edge of the cell. Forewing yellow, with a broad brown median band and a brown,
variably broad submarginal band being only separated by a narrow yellow line. Hindwing yellowish -grey
with a narrow brown submarginal and median band. Expanse: 15 mm. Cameroon, Gabun. 3 type from Span.

Guinea in the Berlin Museum.

Eu. tessellata Holl. is doubtfully placed to this genus. Body reddish, abdomen brown, dorsally iesselluta.
with black hair-tufts. Forewing ochreous-yellow, median area clouded with blackish; a black band extends
before the apex parallel to the distal margin to the centre of the hind-margin; the veins therein, however, remain
yellow. Hindwing greyish-brown with yellow fringes and a black spot on the cross-vein. Forewing beneath
smoky-brown, costal margin and distal margin pale brown. Hindwing tan-coloured, with a large spot on the
cross-vein and a curved brown median transverse band. Expanse: 25 mm. Ogove.

30. Genus: Euproctillf ita gen.nov.

Entirely consistent with Euproctilla , but in the forewing veins 3 + 4 are forked; the wings are shorter
and broader.

Eu. mesomelaena Holl. (28 c). Body yellowish -grey, basal area of forewing whitish-grey a blackish- mesomelae-
brown basal dot, than comes a broad blackish-brown median band parted yellowish by the veins. Marginal
area whitish-grey, in it a yellowish subterminal line which is blackened above veins 3 and 4. Fringe yellowish.

Hindwing pale ochreous-yellow. q type from South Cameroon in the Berlin Museum, 3 paratype from the
Niger in the Tring Museum.

31. Genus: Djepidolacipa gen.nov.

It corresponds with Lacipa and Lepidopcdpus (the latter being dealt with here amongst the Pterothysani-
dae) by vein 11 of the forewing rising from the accessory cell, but separated from both by veins 6 and 7 of
the hindwing rising separately. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, palpi short, abdomen in the $ with an anal
tuft similar to that in Euproctis. Vein 11 from the ground of the accessory cell, 10 before its end, 8 + 9
forked, 4 from the end of the accessory cell, 6 remote from the latter. In the hindwing vein 3 is more remote
from 4 than 4 is from 5; 6 and 7 separate or rising together, 8 in the beginning parallel to the anterior
edge of the cell, but nowhere fused with it.

L. venosata sp. n. (28 d). Body ochreous-yellowish, anal tuft somewhat brownish. Wings hyaline venosata.
yellowish-grey, veins in the forewing and distally in the hindwing darker. $ type from Nelien, 3600 ft., (Nyassa
Land) in the Tring Museum.

32. Genus: Wkr.

One of the few genera of the African Lymantriidae, in which vein 11 of the forewing rises from the
accessory cell, sometimes only out of its ground.

L. croceigramma Hmps. Head and thorax white, tegula orange. Abdomen yellow, with black rings, croceigram-
Forewing silvery white, 2 subbasal orange spots, an antemedian black spot below the cell, the antemedian band ma-

orange, hardly bent, 2 black dots in the cell-end and 1 or 2 black dots beyond it. The orange postmedian band
is below vein 4 feebly incurved; a subterminal row of black dots. Hindwing feebly yellowish, white, under
surface with a black spot on the cross-vein and sometimes 3 small dots below the apex. Expanse: 22 mm.

Northern Nigeria.

L. picta Bsd. (21 a). Forewing white or yellowish, with three ochreous-yellow cross-bands, between pida.
the second and third with a band of black spots, black marginal dots, and also otherwise powdered with blackish.

Hindwing yellow, with or without black marginal spots. Body ochreous-yellow. In the typical form the orange-
yellow postmedian stripe of the forewing is margined with black, the hindwing being yellow; in the form privata privata.
form. nov. (= var. a with Janse) the black margining is absent; in suffusa form. nov. the hindwing is powdered suffusa,
with blackish. South Africa.

142

EUPROCTILLOPSIS. By Dr. M. Hering.

quadripunc-

tata.

sc xpun da¬
ta.

albula.

pulverea.

ochrea.

sarcistis.

sarcistoides .

heteroslicla.

argyroleuca.

melanostic-

ta.

jlavitincta.

gemmatula.

robusta.

L. quadripunctata Dew. (20 i). Eorewing of a pure white with three ochreous-yellow transverse bands,
the central one of which is somewhat clistally convex at most. Between the basal band and the discal band
behind the cell a black dot, a group of black dots at the cross-vein, a series of black submarginal dots. Hinclwing
varying from white to yellowish. From Togo to the Congo. — In sexpunctata Dist. (20 i) the second transverse
band of the forewing is sharply flawed distally. South and East Africa.

L. albula Fawc. Body white, abdomen golden yellow, at the base and end white, only a black shadow
at the costal margin beyond the cell and at the hind-margin before the tornus. Margin on both wings with
black internerval dots. Hind wing white. Expanse: 24 mm. British East Africa.

L. pulverea Dist. (= pubescens Swh.) (20 i). Like L. picta f. suffusa, but the yellow stripes in the
forewing narrower and more orange, ground-colour not so purely white. — In the form ochrea form. nov. (20 i)
the hindwing is powdered with yellow instead of blackish and it has black marginal dots at most, whilst the
forewing varies from whitish to lead-colour. South Africa.

L. sarcistis Hmps. Similar to sarcistoides (2-2-a); ground-colour of forewing orange-yellow, irrorated
with whitish, costal margin more orange-yellow; a subbasal curved transverse line, an antemedian line being
sharply distally angled on the posterior edge of the cell, and a very oblique postmedian line orange-yellow.
Hindwing orange-yellow. Under surface of forewing, excepting the margins, powdered with blackish. Expanse:
28 mm. Natal.

L. sarcistoides spec. nov. (21 a) is separated from sarcistis bj- only the antemedian and postmedian
lines of the fore wing being distinct; a subbasal spot in the fold, some dots at the cross-vein and a terminal row
of dots are black. Hindwing and both wings beneath ochreous-yellow, with a row of black dots at the margin,
beneath on both wings the cross- vein with a black dot. $ type in the Berlin Museum. It may be a $ form
of sexjmnctata which it resembles rather much in the marking. German East Africa, Mkalama.

L. heterosticta Hmps. Body white, patagia with orange spots, anal tuft blackish -brown. Forewing
white, subbasal orange spots below the costal margin and the cell, an antemedian spot below the costal margin,
another spot below the cell, a spot above vein 1, an orange spot on the cross-vein. A postmedian row of
dots, distally convex as far as below the cell-end, then straight ; the spots below veins 5 and 4 sometimes black.
Hinclwing white. Expanse: 22 to 28 mm. Uganda. — Separated from Eupr. gemmata by the absence of orange
spots at the margin.

L. argyroleuca Hmps. Abdomen white, at the end yellowish. Forewing silvery white, costal margin
brown. An orange-yellow subbasal band, a similar antemedian band interrupted at the veins, distally curved
in the cell, a postmedian band of orange-red spots, on vein 4 distally curved, then proximad, spots below veins
4 and 5 black. The spot on the cross-vein and a subterminal row of spots are orange-red. Hindwing white.
Expanse : 24 mm. Southern Nigeria. — Likewise very similar to Eupr. gemmata.

L. melanostida Hmps. (21 a). Abdomen yellowish -white, with black rings. Eorewing white, costal
margin narrowly blackish. A black antemedian dot below the cell, traces of a yellow antemedian and post median
line, 3 black dots at the cell-end, and one each below veins 4 and 5, a row of black subterminal dots. Hinclwing
pale yellow with a subterminal row of black dots from the apex to vein 2, and a spot on the cross-vein; both
may, however, be absent. Expanse: 30 mm. Uganda, German East Africa.

L. flavitincta Hmps. Body ochreous-yellow. Forewing feebly yellow, scantily powdered with blackish.
The antemedian line is yellow, somewhat curved. Two black dots at the end of the cell and one behind them.
The postmedian line is yellow, obliquely from the costal margin to below the cell, then straight, traces of an
oblicpie brownish subterminal shadow, and a row of black dots at the margin. Hindwing white. Expanse:
24 mm. British East Africa.

L. gemmatula n. sp. (28 cl). Body white, tegulae orange, anal tuft black. Otherwise quite similar
to gemmata , but no black spots in the postmedian line, the accessory cell of the forewing large, vein 11 rising
from the centre of that cell, veins 3 and 4 in the forewung distinctly separate. Angola. $ type from Caconda
in the Tring Museum.

L. robusta sp. n. (28 d) is quite similar to gemmatula, but the anal tuft is yellowish-brown, vein 11
in the forewing rises with the accessory cell from the same place, in the hindwing veins 3 and 4 are forked.
Wings shorter and broader. Cameroon. Type in the Berlin Museum.

33. Genus: ISuproctillopsis nov.

Hind tibiae only with 1 pair of spurs. Palpi moderately long. Forewing with an accessory cell, vein
11 separate, 10 rises from the accessory cell before 7, 8 -f 9 from its end forked, 6 from the same place with
the accessory cell. In the hind wing vein 3 is nearer to 4 than 4 to 5, 5 rising far in front, 6 -j- 7 forked,
8 connected with the cell by a short cross-vein. Genotype:

LAELIOPROCTIS; EUPROCTIS. By Dr. M. Hering.

143

Eu. affinis n. sp. (28 f) in the habitus somewhat recalls Porthesia tabida. Body ochreous-yellow, af finis.
forewing ochreous-yellow, with 5 bands of blackish irroration, separated by fine whitish lines, parted light
by the veins, not quite reaching the costal margin. Hindwing and under surface paler ochreous. Cameroon.

^ type from Lolodorf in the Berlin Museum. The $ which probably belongs hereto exhibits the separating
lines between the 2nd and 3rd, and 3rd and 4th bands in front combined in a light spot before the cell-end.

2 $ from Bingerville in the Tring Museum.

34. Genus: I^aelioproctfs nov.

Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs, palpi short, forewing without an accessory cell, 11 from the cell,

10 to 7 forked, 10 rising behind the centre of the distance between 7 to 8 + 9. In the hindwing 3 + 4 and
6 + 7 forked. $ with an anal tuft as in Euproctis.

L. iaeniosoma n. sp. (22 a). Body yellowish-brown, abdomen yellow, with black rings. Wings ochreous taeniosoma
yellowish -brown, hindwing lighter. Togo. 2 $ from Bismarckburg in the Berlin Museum.

35. Genus: Kuju’ocjis Hbn.

Forewing without an accessory cell, vein 10 rises from the pedicle of 8 + 9, behind the origin of vein 7.

Veins 3 + 4 of hindwing from the same place or forked, as well as 6 + 7. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs.

In this genus also many of the species combined by Swinhoe as N ygmia have been mentioned. It is easily possible
that a number of them belong to other genera, such as Lacipa etc. The species gracilis, florida, and nobilis
exhibit an accessory cell in the forewing. Vein 11, however, rises separately, so that they may belong to Laelia.

Eu. fasciata Wkr. ( = torrida Dist., squamiplaga Wkr., 1 susanna Stgr.) (22 a). Wings of B pale fasciata.
yellow, of the $ dark ochreous-yellow', forewing with 2 distally curved, almost parallel transverse bands; the
space between them is more or less powdered with black; such powdering often also near the apex and anal
angle. — In angolae B.-Bak. ( — arnpla Swh.) the discal space between the two bands is filled up with pink angolae.
and only margined with black, other markings being absent. Angola. — In stellata Dist. we notice of the red- stellata.
brown markings only a spot at the cell-end, the black median band being as in fasciata. Transvaal. — In plana plana.
Faivc. there is a black spot on the side of the hind-margin, one at the cross-vein, and one each in cell 2 and 5.

In the wdrole of Africa, presumably extending into the palearctic region. According to Swinhoe, also susanna
Stgr. (Vol. II, pi. 21 i) belongs hereto.

Eu. rufopunctata Wkr. (22 a). Forewing purely white, with indistinct 3 or 4 pale yellow transverse rufopunda
stripes, a red dot at the cell-end, one before the margin between the veins 5 and 6, and two at the tornus. ia

Forewing white. Under surface white. South Africa.

Eu. haemodetes Hmps. (22 a). Wings yellowish-white, forewing with a red, black-edged spot at the haemodeics
cell-end, at the tornus, and sometimes below the apex at the margin. Expanse: 34 to 42 mm. South Afuca.

Eu. incommoda Btlr. Forewing creamy-white, costal margin at the base ochreous-yellow. Hindwing incommoda
ochreous-yellow, with a whitish costal margin. Body whitish, anal tuft ochreous-yellow. Under surface of
the wings creamy-white, costal margin of forewing ochreous-yellow. Expanse: 26 mm. Madagascar.

Eu. sanguigutta Hmps. (22 a). Forewing yellow, with dark yellow antemedian, postmedian, subterminal, sanguigutta
and terminal bands. At the cell-end a red spot. Hindwing dark yellow. South and East Africa.

Eu. crocosticta Hmps. Ochreous-yellow, the $ paler, forewing with a red, not black-scaled spot at crocostida.
the cell-end, without transverse bands. Expanse: 42 to 54 mm. Nyassa and Mashona Land.

Eu. aureoplaga Kenr. Similar to ochrea Btlr. Forewing ochreous-yellow, hindwing paler, forewing, aureoplaga
however, with indistinct orange transverse lines, one at the base, two in the discal area, and one before the
margin. A large reddish spot at the cell-end. Anal tuft black. Expanse: ($) 46 mm. Madagascar.

Eu. rufiterga Hmps. Head and thorax white, suffused with red, antennal pinnae reddish. Hind legs rufiterga.
and abdomen white. Forewing white, in the base somewhat reddish; a yellow spot below the centre of the
cell, some black scales on the cross-vein, and a large black spot on a yellow spot between the posterior angle
of the cell and the hind-margin. A subterminal dot below vein 8 and one below 6, some black scales above
the tornus. Hindwing white. Expanse: 26 mm. Gold Coast.

Eu. mitliata Kenr. Body orange, abdomen whitish-ochreous. Forewing dark orange with bands of miniata.
pink spots: the first forms a triangular spot at the base, the next consists of 3 irregular spots, then follows
a postmedian transverse row, finally an irregular subterminal row. Hindwing very pale ochreous. Expanse:

40 mm (+). — Madagascar.

144

EUPROCTIS. By Dr. M. Bering.

melalepia

kenricki.

rubrogutta¬

ta.

parallela.

melanopho-

lis.

flavicincta .

quadrifas-

cia.

limonea.

bipunctata.

utilis.

melaleuca.

tessmanni.

fervida.

julvipennis.

term inalis.

nigrosqua-

mosa.

Eu. melalepia Hmps. Body yellowish-white, palpi blackish-brown, only apex light. Forewing yellowish-
white, costal margin basally blackish-brown. A black dot on the cell and an oblique band of black scales from
the cell-end to the hind-margin. Hindwing silky white. Expanse: 42 mm. Ruwenzori.

Eu. kenricki Swh. (= variegata Kenr.). Head, antennae, and forelegs black, also the prothorax, with
some pink hairs at the collar, and snow-white tegulae. Abdomen yellow, at the end somewhat darker. Forewing
dark brown, with creamy white markings: a spot at the base, an irregrdarly interrupted antemedian band,
a large costal soot, ending right below the cell and enclosing a crescent, the postmedian band followed by a
broad band, at the margin 5 irregular spots and 2 round dots. Hindwing uni-coloured pale orange. Expanse:
50 mm. Madagascar.

Eu. rubroguttata Auriv. (22 b). Pale yellowish ; abdomen, hind wing and wings beneath white, forewing
pale yellowish with white antemedian, median, postmedian, and submarginal lines, in the latter line a series

of red dots, sometimes absent, a red dot also at the cell-end, though in the $ indistinct. Cameroon to Gabun.

*

Eu. parallela Holl. (22 b). Forewing yellow, with a broad median band powdered with black from
the cell-end to the hind-margin, bordered by two parallel pale lines. Hindwing yellowish- white. Expanse:
22 mm. Span. Guinea, Gabun, Cameroon.

Eu. melanopholis Hmps. is said to be allied to rubroguttata. Body yellowish-white. Forewing yellowish-
white, the hindmarginal area partly strewn with black scales. A black dot on the cross-vein, a series of brown
and black subterminal dots from the costal margin to below vein 5, and a dot above vein 3. In front of this
yellow spots below the costal margin and in the centre. Hindwing white. Expanse: 36 mm. Gold Coast.

Eu. flavicincta Janse. Uni-coloured, yellowish, tegulae orange-yellow. Forewing scantily strewn
with a pale yellow, from the cell-end to the apex a feeble brownish line. Hindwing pale yellow7. Forewung very
long and narrow, margin very oblique. Expanse: 30 mm. South Africa.

Eu. quadrifascia Beth.-Bkr. Body chrome yellow. Forewung chrome-yellow with 4 broad bands of
blackish-brown scales, the basal band not reaching into the cell, the median band angular at the cell-end,
the postmedian band undulate, interrupted by the veins, the subterminal band narrow, only distinct between
the veins. Hindwing paler, uni-coloured. Expanse: 36 mm. Lagos.

Eu. limonea Btlr. (22 b). Body oclireous-yellow, with a black anal tuft, forewing lemon-coloured,
on the hind-margin with an oviform black spot, and with traces of an orange postdiscal line. Hindwing uni¬
coloured yellow. Madagascar.

Eu. bipunctata Wicbgr. Forewing light yellow, at the base of areas 2 and 3 one orange spot each.
Hind wing somewhat lighter than forewing. Expanse: 33 mm. German East Africa.

Eu. utilis Swh. Forewing pale yellow, two broad transverse bands of coarse black scales, one in the
centre, the other before the margin, parted light by the veins. Hindwing, both wings beneath, underside of
body, and legs purely white. Expanse: <$ 35, $ 47 mm. Old Calabar.

Eu. melaleuca Holl. (22 b) is similar to utilis, but besides with a basal band of the forewing; expanse
only 15 mm (d1). — Ogove, Cameroon. In the hindwing vein 5 is absent, for which reason it ought to be placed
to Porthesia.

Eu. tessmanni sp. n. resembles melaleuca. Forewing darker yellow, the subterminal band more
indistinct, but behind it one brown spot each below veins 2 and 6. Hindwing and abdomen light yellow7, not
white, d type from S. Isabel, Fernando-Poo (captured by Tessmann) in the Berlin Museum.

Eu. fervida Wkr. (22 b) is pale ochreous, forewing with 5 or 6 dark ochreous-yellowish transverse
lines and often a reddish-yellow spot on the cross-vein. Hindwing somewhat lighter. Body as forewung, in
the $ with a greyish-brown anal tuft. Madagascar.

Eu. fulvipennis Hmps. Body and wings orange-yellow, forewing with an indistinct whitish antemedian
and postmedian line. Expanse: 30 to 34 mm. Rhodesia, Congo.

Eu. terminalis Wkr. (22 b). Forewing ochreous yellowish -brown, with a paler central band which
is twice deeply indented and encloses a hemoclrrome spot on the cross-vein; another pale postdiscal band is
proxinrad likewise twice deeply indented. Hindwing deeply orange-yellow7, fringe golden yellow7. Forewing
beneath saffron-coloured, apex with black irroration forming two short streaks. Expanse: 33 mm. Body yellow,
with a black anal tuft. — Markings in the forewing in much flown insects hardly recognisable. South Africa.

Eu. nigrosquamosa B.-Bak. Body yellowish- white. Forewing straw-coloured, with a large darker
basal spot. Median area broad blackish, marginal area broad dark straw-coloured. Hindwing pale straw-
coloured. Expanse: 24 mm. Congo.

Publ. 4. XI. 1926.

EUPROCTIS. By Dr. M. Hering.

145

Eu. petavia Stoll (=- patavia Swinh.). Wings white, forewing with an antemedian and postmedian pelavia.
row of black dots edged with ochreo us- yellow, between them a similar one on the cross- vein. Expanse 35 mm.

Cape.

Eu. sericaria Tams. Forewing lustrous white, veins, costal margin, and fringe somewhat yellowish, sericaria.

A red dot at the cell-end and 4 red subterminal dots, 3 mm distant from the margin, between the veins
7 and 8, 6 and 7, and two larger onjs near the tornus, above and below the anal vein. Forewdng lustrous
and white. Body ivory -coloured or yellowish, head and legs partly orange, 2 with a cinnamon-brown anal
tuft. Expanse: 42 to 50 mm. Kenya. The larvae make silk-like webs for their nests in the trees.

Eu. squamosa WJcr. Forewing yellow, with numerous small spots of coarse black scales, and two squamosa.
indistinct white-scaled oblique bands. Hindwing yellow. Expanse: 30 mm. South Africa.

Eu. punctifera Wkr. (= gaudens Wkr.) (22 b). Body ochreous-yellow, abdomen more or less blackened, punctifera.
Forewing varying from ochreous-yellow to dark orange, with spots of black irroration which may often be
flown off, at the hind-margin, distal margin, and in the disc. Hindwing often somewhat lighter, of a pure
ochreous-yellow. — South Africa, Delagoa Bay.

Eu. nepheloptera Hmps. Body ochreous-yellow. Forewing ochreous-yellow, costal margin deeper nephclo-
yellow, at the base black. An indistinct black subbasal band, a very broad blackish median band on the hind- pier a.

margin, bifurcating towards the costal margin and thus leaving free a yellowr spot from the costal margin to
the posterior angle of the cell, a subterminal row of black spots, below vein 7 distally curved. Hindwing yellow,
powdered with brown. Expanse : 32 mm. Rhodesia.

Eu. crocota Bsd. (= cateja Wllgr.) (22 b) is a variable species; body and forewing lighter yellow, crocoia.
Forewing without marginal stripes, with a red cellular spot from which a red, black-powdered band extends
to the hind-margin. There may also be some small spots of black dust before the margin. Hindwing never
darker yellow than the forewing. In much flown specimens only the black irroration or even only a red spot
at the cell-end is yet visible. — South and East Africa.

Eu. putris n. sp. (28 c) is quite similar to the following iridescens, but the hindwing is pale yellowish- putris.
white. S, $ types from East Africa in the Berlin Museum.

Eu. iridescens Janse (22 c). Quite similar to crocata, but the hindwing is always darker yellow than the iridescens.
forewing, and the small tibial blade is less bent. South Africa. — In xanthypopteros Wichgr., from East Africa, xanfhypo-
tliere are only some brown scales at the cell-end, and 8 small spots in a subterminal line. pteros.

Eu. bicolor Janse is similar to iridescens , with distinct lighter transverse lines. Hindwing orange tan- bicolor.
coloured, the forewing with a very distinct blackish median band and a red cell-end spot. Expanse: 25 to
29 mm. South Africa.

Eu. pallida Ky. (22 c). Similar to crocota, but forewing with 4 to 6 lighter transverse lines on the pallida.
yellow ground, forewing broad, margin rounded, only traces of the black median irroration, with a distinct
red spot at the cell-end. The East African form distincta Wichgr. (22 c) has mere distinctly marked and darker distincta.
yellow wings, particularly more yellow hindwings. — South and East Africa.

Eu. straminicolor Janse. Wings straw-coloured. Hindwing darker. Forewdng with indistinct lighter straminico-
transverse lines, the spot at the cell-end being orange mixed with dark, and traces of a similar median band, lor-

sometimes also a similar terminal spot. Expanse: 34 mm. South Africa. It may be the $ of Eupr. bicolor.

Eu. mesozona Hmps. Forewing pale yellowy the antemedian and postmedian lines lighter, distally mesozona.
angular; median area with black and reddish scales at the cell-end and in a median band from the cell-end
to the hind-margin. Hindwing orange-yellow. Expanse: 32 mm. Cape Colony.

Eu. fleuriotti Gbuer. According to the description it is similar to crocota (22 b), with a red spot at fleuriotti.
the cell-end, the other on the centre of the hind-margin. The black median band, however, begins almost at
the base of the hind-margin. In the 2 not only the median band but also the base of the forewing is red-
brown. Expanse: 45 to 60 mm. Madagascar. — Larva brown, with red rings, with stinging hair, living
according to Guerin on ,,ambrevade“ (Cytisus cajanus). The Madagascans use the cocoons for the manufacture
of a web called ,,lamba“.

Eu. nigripuncta Janse resembles straminicolor. Forewing and hind wing of the same ground-colour, nigripunc-
a series of black subterminal spots in the forewing. Expanse: 33 mm. South Africa. ta-

Eu. sjostedti Auriv. Head white, body yellowish. Forewing white, with a median broad and submarginal sjostedti.
narrower transverse band of blackish irroration. Hindwing white. Expanse: 45 mm. Cameroon.

Eu. ochrea Btlr. In the habitus similar to Aganais insularis Bsd. Forewdng light ochreous-yellow, ochrea.
frhige with a silky gloss. Hindwing paler, all over with a silky gloss. Body ochreous-yellowq anal tuft brown.

Expanse: 50 mm. Madagascar.

Eu. pygmaea Wkr. (22 c) is a small species, forewing golden yellow with an indistinct whitish antemedian pygmaca.
and postmedian line, hindwing whitish -yellow. Forewing beneath more or less blackened. Sierra Leone to
Cameroon, Uganda.

XIV

19

EUPROCTIS. By Dr. M. Hering.

suspensa.

chr y so¬
ph aea.

atrodisca.

nessa.

nicrovenala.

mediosqua-
mosa .

monophyes.

neavei.

annulipes.

melanovis.

gemmed a.

ostra.

florida.

floridnla.

sundara.

gracilis.

146

Eli. suspensa sp. n. Scheme of markings as in pygmaea, but the groundcolour of the forewing is
brownish-yellow, the hindwing greyish -brown. Ivory Coast. 4 dd *n the Tring Museum.

Eu. chrysophaea Wkr. Forewing golden yellow, at the apex roundish, distal margin very convex and
very oblique. Hindwing brown, at the hind-margin speckled with yellow, fringe golden yellow. Veins 3 — {— 4
of hindwing on an uncommonly long stalk. Expanse: 30 mm. Abyssinia.

Eu. atrodisca n. sp. has the habitus of nessa, but the wings with a black streak at the cross-vein.
Dark ochreous-yellow, hindwing lighter. $ type from Verulam in the Berlin Museum.

Eu. nessa Swinh. (22 c). Wings uni-coloured orange-ochreous, fringe of forewing somewhat darker.
Under surface somewhat paler yellow'. Uganda, Ruanda. — - In nigrovenata subsp. nov. which may be a distinct
species the forewing is more roundish, veins in the forewing and hindwing extremely fine black. $ type from
Unyoro in the Tring Museum.

Eu. mediosquamosa B.-Bak. Body straw-coloured. Forewing yellowish-white, base straw-coloured.
Antemedian and postmedian lines straw-coloured, the space betw'een them, except at the costal margin,
powdered with blackish. Traces of a similar subterminal and terminal line dark. Hindwing whitish. Expanse:
29 mm. Congo.

Eu. monophyes Su'h. Antennae, frons and vertex ochreous red, wings short and broad, of a pure white,
with a faint pink tint. Costal margin of forewing and legs ochreous-yellow. Expanse: 28 mm. Bihe, West
Africa.

Eu. neavei Tams. Forewing lustrous white, costal margin at the base orange-yellow, then whitish-
yellovv. Veins; base and margin whitish-yellow. At the cell-end an orange-red spot and a subterminal row of
such dots, four of which are above vein 4, 3 below vein 3. Some orange-yellow scales sometimes on the hind-
margin. Hindwing lustrous white, veins, distal margin and hind-margin yellowish -white. Body yellowish-
white, head and legs partly orange-yellow, $ only with traces of orange-yellow on the body and on the costal
margin of the forewing beneath. Anal tuft sepia-brown. Expanse 36 to 40 mm. Nyassaland.

Eu. annulipes Bsd. Forewing brownish -grey, base, part of costal margin and of hind-margin darker,
before the distal margin paler internerval streaks. Body and hindwing brownish -grey, tarsi with yellow and
black rings. Expanse : 55 mm. Bourbon.

Eu. melanovis Strd. Body and wings blackish-grey with an olive hue. Forewing with 2 narrow black
transverse bands, the antemedian line vertical on the costal margin, almost straight, the postmedian line parallel
to the margin. Cross-vein with a black streak. Expanse: 21 mm. East Africa.

Eu. gemmata Dist. (22 cl). Greatest part of body white, abdomen yellowish like the under surface,
chest, antennae and legs. Anal tuft black. Wings silvery white, forewing with 4 oclireous-yellowr, slanting
transverse bands and an ochreous yellow cross-vein. The 3rd transverse stripe contains behind the cell two
black dots. South Africa. Janse places the species to Lacipa. It exhibits an extremely small accessory cell,
but vein 11 mostly rises separately from the cell.

Eu. ostra Swh. Body above and beneath yellow; legs above brown-striped, tarsi brown. Forewing
yellow with subbasal, antemedian, and discal transverse stripes, which in the $ are only hinted at near the
hind-margin. Five black spots from the posterior end of the cell to the apex, and this row is behind connected
with the most distal orange spot. Hindwing lighter than forewing, without markings. Forewing beneath at
the base suffused with brown. In the $ the most distal orange stripe probably extends across the row of black
spots. Expanse: 28 mm. British East Africa.

Eu. florida Swh. (22 c). Head and thorax white, sides of thorax and abdomen ochreous-yellow, also
the legs. Forewing white; costal margin, distal margin, and an antemedian and postmedian stripe ochreous
yellow. The antemedian stripe is broken, the discal one straight. Black dots are at the base of the costal margin,
behind the cell proximad to the first transverse line a group at the cell-end, some at the second transverse stripe,
and a complete row at the distal margin. Hindwing uni-coloured ochreous-yellow. Wings beneath ochreous-
yellow, forewing intensely blackened, hindwing with a black spot at the cell-end. Expanse: 28 mm. South
and East Africa.

Eu. floridula n. sp. (28 g). Forewing as in florida, but it lacks the two black dots below' the cell, and
distally to the orange-yellow postmedian line parallel to it there is a blackish nebulous band. Hindwing paler
than in florida, whitish yellow. $ type from German East Africa in the Berlin Museum.

Eu. sundara Swh. Head, thorax, and antennae orange-ochreous, collar white. Abdomen orange,
base and centre grey. Wings white, not lustrous. Forewing with a subbasal, an antemedian, and a discal orange-
yellow' transverse stripe, all being sinuate and distally convex. At the margin a series of darker, sometimes
triangular spots ; a group of similar spots at the cell-end. Hindwing with a broad blackish marginal stripe, beneath
at the base blackish. In the forewing beneath all the margins are blackish. Expanse: 22 mm. Uganda.

Eu. gracilis Hpffr. (22 d). Forewing white, with a subbasal, antemedian, and discal orange-yellow'
transverse stripe, the second being very convex, the third almost straight. A black spot behind the cell proximad

EUPROCTIS. By Dr. M. Hering.

147

to the 2nd transverse stripe, a similar one at the cell-end, a complete row of black spots at the margin. Hindwing
yellowish- white, in the $ lighter, with traces of a row of black dots at the margin. Wings beneath straw-coloured,
forewing blackened, both wings with black cellular spots. East Africa. .Janse places the species to Lacipa.

Eu. rivularis Gaede (22 c). Wings short and broad. Forewing whitish, somewhat suffused with grey, rivularis.
with an orange-yellow subbasal, antemedian and postmedian line, and a marginal row of spots, between the
two latter is an orange-yellow subapical spot. Hindwing yellowish-white. Expanse: 20 mm. New Cameroon.

Eu. arenacea L. (= holdingii Fldr., boldingii Ky.) (22 e). This species generally ranged as Limacodida urenacea.
seems to belong hereto. $ ochreous-yellow. Anal tuft white, forewing powdered with blackish, forming a
subbasal band, a median forked one, a postmedian one, and a subterminal band as well as a spot on the cross¬
vein. These marks are mostly not recognizable. In the $ presumably belonging to it the ground-colour of the
forewing is grey, that of the hindwing more brownish. Figure according to the $ of the Berlin Museum. Cape
Colony.

Eu. melanura Wllgr. (22 e). Forewing above red-brown, hindwing and under surface of both wings melanura.
orange ochreous. Forewing above with lighter transverse stripes, the spaces between them powdered with
black. Small black spots also on the cross-vein and at the distal margin. Abdomen black. Expanse: 29 to
40 mm. Caffraria.

Eu. onii B.-Bak. Body yellowish- white, abdomen whitish-grey, anal tuft golden brown. Forewing onii.
of a deep yellowish white, some grey scales below the cell ; a broad band of brown scales fills up the postmedian
area and the subterminal area. Fringe alternately yellow and dark grey. Hindwing yellowish- white. Expanse:

36 mm. Oni (Lagos).

Eu. discipuncta Holl. (22 d). Forewing white with indistinct yellow transverse lines, a large black discipuncta.
spot at the cell-end, similar ones before the apex and tornus, blackish irroration above the hind-margin. Hindwing
of a pure white. Sierra Leone to Gabun.

Eu. impuncta Btlr. (= unipuncta Swh.) (22 d). Forewing with a very small accessory cell, of a pure impuncta.
white, with an orange-yellow dot at the costal margin, an antemedian and postdiscal band of orange-yellow
dots. The former band does not reach the costal margin, the latter being curved. In the $ the subbasal dot
is absent, the two other rows of dots only at the hindmargin distinct. East Africa.

Eu. bizonoides Btlr. Forewing without black dots, silvery white, a basal dot and two straight transverse bizonoides.
stripes dividing the wings into three equal parts, golden orange; distal half of fringe golden yellow; hindwing
and abdomen creamy white, anal tuft blackish. Expanse: 28 mm. — Lomba, British Central Africa.

Eu. nobilis H.-Schdff. (22 d). Forewing silvery white; orange-yellow are: a distally convex subbasal nobilis.
transverse band, an oblique antemedian one and a still more oblique postdiscal one, as well as a submarginal
one, and a spot on the cross-vein. The postdiscal band is for the greatest part set with black dots on the proximal
side. Hind wing light yellow. South Africa.

Eu. titania Btlr. Forewing white with a silk gloss, with a yellow cell-end spot which is beneath confluent titania.
with the costal margin; costal margin dingy white, beneath ochreous-yellow, hind wing somewhat yellowish.

$ with pale ochreous forewings. Body ochreous-yellow, abdomen in the $ above with dark-haired spots, anal
tuft dark. Expanse: 50 to 60 mm. Madagascar.

Eu. ugamdicola Strd. Forewing white with some light yellowish scales forming an irregular sublimbal ugandicola.
band. In the centre a large broad band of black scales not reaching the costal margin which is basally yellowish.

Hindwing white. Body light yellowish. Expanse: 25 mm. Uganda.

Eu. consocia Wkr. (= modesta Schs. db Clem.) (28 g). Quite uni-coloured pale yellow, anal tuft of consocia.
the $ blackish. Expanse: 25 mm. West and South West Africa.

Eu. ostentum .sp. n. (21 c). Body and forewing orange-yellow, the latter with a black antemedian ostentum.
and postmedian line, the space between them brightened up by flesh-colour, partly strewn with black scales.

Hindwing coal-black, base and fringe ochreous-yellow. Under surface black, costal margin and distal margin
of forewing and fringe of hindwing orange-yellow. $ type from Alenjua, Lado, in the Tring Museum.

Eu. atrigutta Wkr. Purely white, palpi and bands of forelegs pink. Forewing with four black dots atrigutta.
forming a line parallel to the costal margin; the 1st spot at the base, the 4th on the distal margin. Expanse:

23 mm. West Africa.

Eu. subpunctata B.-Bak. Forewing white with a broad yellow median transverse band which is deeply subpuncta-
angled near the cell-end, and with a broad oblique postmedian band, likewise yellow. A black spot behind ia •

the cell subbasally, 3 black spots at the cell-end, and the distal margin finely dotted black. Hindwing white.

Expanse: 24 mm. N'Dalla-Tando.

148

EUPROCTIS. By Dr. M. Bering.

convergens.

ciirona.

rubricosta .

n'dalla.

its is.

nigrolunu-

laia.

canariensis.

castaneo-

striata.

aspersa.

confluens.

contemplor.

dentata.

multidenta-

ta.

rorida.

albinula.

lcamerunica.

Ell. convergens B.-Bak. Body yellowish, abdomen darker. Forewing lemon-colonred, the antemedian
and postmedian areas broadly powdered with blackish-brown; this irroration is convergent behind. Hindwing
pale yellow, in the $ white. Expanse: 22 mm. Gunnal, West Africa.

Eu. citrona B.-Bak. (ctiscitrona Swh.). Body white, forewing pale straw-coloured, hindwing somewhat
whiter. Expanse: 22 mm. N'Dalla-Tando.

Eu. rubricosta Faivc. Body and wings white, the last three segments of the abdomen golden yellow.
Forewing with a red-brown stripe at the costal margin beneath from the base almost to the apex. Expanse:
32 mm. British East Africa.

Eu. n'dalla B.-Bak. Body creamy white; forewing white, median area with some black scales, somewhat
undulate. Before the apex a sometimes absent black dot, another dot below it on the margin, right under vein 5.
Hindwing white. Expanse: 26 mm. N'Dalla-Tando, in December, at an altitude of 2700 m.

Eu. isis B.-Bak. Body yellowish, forewing light lemon-coloured, with traces of a paler undulate post¬
median transverse line on the outside of which there is a black short spot extending from the fold to vein 2.
Some black scales also at the base. Hindwing quite light yellow. Expanse: 36 mm. N'Dalla-Tando, at an altitude
of 2700 m in November.

Eu. nigrolunulafa B.-Bak. Forewing pale lemon-coloured, with a pale curved median and a similar
undulate postmedian line, and traces of a similar subterminal line. At the cell-end a hemochrome spot, a black
crescent at the anal angle between 1 b and 2. Hindwing pale lemon -coloured. Expanse: d 26, $ 38 mm. Gunnal.

Eu. canariensis Kenr. Body canary-coloured, antennal ends and tarsi brown; forewing canary-coloured,
at the apex somewhat darker, a feeble basal line and a slightly angular antemedian line are brown, between
them two dots. Postmedian line the same, followed by 2 subapical spots. Between the two latter lines there
is a straight brown band slightly bifurcating towards the costal margin. Hindwing paler, with an indistinct
lunar spot at the cell-end. Expanse: 50 mm. Madagascar.

Eu. castaneo-striata Kenr. Body white ; forewing white with brown bands : a subbasal one, an antemedian
one and a postmedian one which are broader and convergent at the hind-margin, forming a V-shaped marking.
On the cross-vein in the postmedian line a darker crescent. Expanse: 38 mm. Madagascar.

Eu. aspersa Fldr. Placed to Dasychira by Swinhoe, to Euproctis by Janse. Forewing brownish-grey,
with a darker antemedian and postmedian line, the latter terminating into a yellowish spot at the costal margin.
Hindwing yellowish with a blackish discal line which is double in front. Expanse: 30 mm. Natal.

Eu. confluens n. sp. (27 g) in the habitus resembles the forms of Eu. fasciata in which the discal area
of the forewing is strongly strangulated. Both wings greyish ochreous. Forewing with 2 orange-yellow transverse
lines, which are convergent below the cell; the space between them powdered with blackish, and so is a subter¬
minal line which is connected with the central area between veins 5 and 6 by a longitudinal stripe of black
irroration. Body ochreous- yellowish. $ type Horn Kibwezi, British East Africa, in the Tring Museum.

Eu. contemptor sp. n. (28 c). Body light yellow like the forewing which shows a black round spot
at the cell-end from which but one band of black irroration runs vertically to the hind-margin. A distinct
subterminal row of black dots. Hindwing quite light sulphur-coloured yellowish -white. types from Spanish

Guinea in the Berlin Museum, paratypes from British East Africa in the Tring Museum.

Eu. dentata sp. n. (22 e). Body yolk-coloured like the forewing which has 2 light pale yellow short
longitudinal streaks out of the base, a similarly coloured very convex antemedian and postmedian line; subter¬
minal line likewise pale yellow, with 2 proximal dents in the anterior portion and one above the tornus. Marginal
line fine pale yellow. Spot on the cross-vein red. Hindwing lighter than forewing. (J9tyPes from Dar es Salaam
in the Berlin Museum.

Eu. multidentata sp. n. (28 g) is like dentata, but the subterminal line is dentate on all the veins.
Discal area from the red crossvein-spot to the hindmargin powdered with black. $ type from German East
Africa in the Berlin Museum.

Eu. rorida sp. n. (28 g). Body and forewing dark ochreous, hindwing blackish-brown with yellow
fringe. Under surface ochreous-yellow, apical third of forewing partly powdered with blackish-brown. <$ type
from Hoache in the Tring Museum. Central Abyssinia.

Eu. albinula sp. n. Body yellowish-white, abdomen white, anal tuft rust-coloured yellow. Forewing
yellowish-white with a yellow median line which bifurcates at the cell-end towards the costal margin, a similar
postmedian line and an indistinct subterminal line, all the yellow lines being strewn with scanty red-brown
scales. Hindwing and under surface purely white. $ type from Ogove in the Berlin Museum.

Eu. kamerunica sp. n. (27 f) seems to be the most similar to reutlingeri Holl. Forewing wood-coloured
brown with a broad black coarsely scaled median band parted light by the veins, edged with light, not reaching

EUPROCTIS. By Dr. M. Hering.

149

the costal margin. In the .marginal area some indistinct small dark spots. Forewing blackish -brown, all the
wings beneath greyish -brown. South Cameroon, type from Lolodorf in the Berlin Museum.

Eu. perpusilla sp. n. (28 f). Body ochreous-yellow, forewing pale whitish -yellow with a yolk-coloured
subbasal line which is rather remote from the base, a yolk-coloured antemedian and postmedian line, the space
between the latter lines powdered with blackish. Behind them another dark yellow line being distinct as far
as vein 5, then only traceable towards the costal margin. Subterminal line very distinct, somewhat undulate.
Hindwing and under surface yellowish- white. <§ type from Kampala, East Africa, in the Tring Museum.

Eu. griseostriata Kenr. Body grey; forewing white with grey basal, antemedian and postmedian
transverse lines, between the latter lines a grey V-shaped marking as in perpusilla. Of the same colour is a
feeble subterminal line and a series of marginal spots. Hind wing of a pure white. Expanse : 42 mm. Madagascar.

Eu. reutlingeri Holl. is doubtfully ranged here in this genus. Body grey, forewing pale wood-coloured,
in the centre with a broad dark brown band, beyond the cell angular, and some small subapical spots. Hindwing
pale wood-coloured, fringe lighter. Expanse 17 mm. Benita.

Eu. nigra Holl. It is questionable whether it belongs to this genus. Wings uni-coloured smoky brown
or blackish, fringe hardly paler, some brown hairs at the base of the wing. Forewing with 2 or 3 coal-black
subapical dots. Both wings beneath lighter, base and margins fawn-coloured. Expanse: 32 mm. Lake
Onanga.

Eu. palla Holl. Frons white, thorax pale ochreous-yellow, abdomen greyish. Forewdng yellowish-
white, with a median band of blackish scales, which is whitish at the end of the cell. Hindwing of a pure white.
Under surface of a pure white, with a brown ray at the costal margin of the forewing. Expanse: 22 mm. Ogove,
Congo.

Eu. xanthomelaena Holl. Body ochreous-yellow. Forewing light orange-yellowr with a basal, median
and subterminal angular brown transverse band. Neither of them reaches the costal margin, and the veins in
them are of the ground-colour. Hindwing and under surface of both wings tan-coloured. Expanse: 20 mm.
Ogove.

Eu. rotunda Holl. Body white, forewing with 1 to 3 black subapical spots, sometimes with a few black
scales on the centre of the hind-margin. Wings very short and broad, distal margin very convex. Expanse
23 mm. Ogove.

Eu. apicipuncta Holl. (22 d) is similar to rotunda , wings more elongate; forewing with two ochreous-
yellow transverse lines, the space between them more or less powdered with black, at the apex 1 to 4 black
spots, generally two. Hindwing and under surface of a pure white. Cameroon, Spanish Guinea. Ogove, Congo,
Fernando Poo.

Eu. disticta B.-Bak. Wings pale smoky grey, only with a black spot at the cell-end. Expanse: 38 mm.
Uganda.

Eu. bigutta Holl. (22 e). Body ochreous-yellow, wings densely white with a large black spot in the
centre and at the end of the discal cell of the forewing. Cameroon, Ogove.

Eu. diplosticta Rbl, Similar to bigutta (22 e), the basal black dot, however, below the cell, at the rise
of vein 2. In the $ the wings are darkened by a smoky grey. Expanse: 28 to 35 mm. Central Africa. Rebel takes
the latter 3 species to be species of Marbla\ in bigutta, however, there is no accessory cell.

Eu. croceisticta Hmps. Body white, palpi and chest orange-red, abdomen with a black dorsal line.
Forewing silky white, with a red dot at the cell-end and a subterminal row of red dots, which is distally curved
below vein 7 and in the centre. Hindwing silky white. Expanse: 42 mm. Ruwenzori.

Eu. lepidographa Hmps. Body yellow; abdomen white, beneath yellowish, anal tuft reddish-brown.
Forewing yellow, an antemedian line of erect black scales, interrupted at the veins, curved. A similar postmedian
band, both with a lighter line in the centre, both the black scaled bands fused at the hind-margin. Hindwing
white. Expanse: 34 mm. Gold Coast.

Eu. fumitincta Hmps. Body brownish ochreous. Forewing brownish-yellow, costal margin brown,
basally black with a faint red-brown shadow at the cell-end from the costal margin to the hind-margin. Hind wing
ochreous-yellow, powdered with brown. Under surface powdered with brown. Expanse: 20 mm. Gold Coast.

Eu. xanthosoma Hmps. Body dark brown mixed with a greyish white. Palpi, frons, and abdomen
orange, abdomen with black dorsal spots. Forewing dark brown, mixed with a greyish-white; a subbasal brown
dot in the cell ; an antemedian row of dots, streaks at the cell-end, and a postmedian line of dots are dark brown,
the latter slanting from vein 4, distally curved towards the hind-margin; a subterminal row fo dots and
a terminal row of streaks are blackish. Hindwing dark brown. Expanse: 20 mm. Sudan.

perpusilla.

griscostria-

ta.

reutlingeri.

nigra.

palla.

xanthome¬

laena.

rotunda.

apicipunc¬

ta.

disticta.

bigutta.

diplosticta .

croceisticta.

Icp idogra-
pha.

fumitincta.

xanthoso¬

ma.

150

HOMOCHIRA; LEPTAROA; MICRAROA. By Dr. M. Heeing.

36. Genus: M omacSsira limps.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, forewing without an accessory cell, vein 10 forked with 7 to 9, rising
behind vein 7 ; in the hindwing 3 and 4, and 6 + 7 forked, 5 present. Separated from Euproctis by dorsal hair-
tufts on the abdomen and a shorter tibial blade of the forelegs.

rendalli. H. rendalli Dist. Body brown, forewing brown, with 5 darker undulate transverse lines: the first

subbasally, the second crossing the cell, the 3rd beyond the cell and very much removed, the 4th about distally
to the 3rd, the 5th submarghially. Between the 1st and 2nd lines an irregular discal spot. Hindwing pale
ochreous. Wings beneath paler, forewing with an oblique transverse band beyond the cell, hindwing .with a
transverse band, both wings densely irrorated with brown. Expanse: 32 mm. South Africa.

ruandana. H. niandana ( Griinb .) sp. n. (28 c). By this name there is a + in the Berlin Museum, the description

of which was not to be discovered, but which probably belongs hereto in spite of the absence of the dorsal
tufts. Body and forewing dark chocolate with almost straight subbasal, antemedian, and postmedian darker
transverse lines. Distally to the latter an indistinct transverse line which, however, is thickened into distinct
spots above veins 4 and 6. A submarginal row of dark dots and a dark spot at the cell-end. Hindwing and
under surface blackish-grey. type from North-West Ruanda in the Berlin Museum.

37. Genus: Leptaroa Hmps.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Forewing without an accessory cell, vein 11 separate, 9 and 8 fused
into one vein, only bifurcating with vein 10 very shortly before the margin, 7 rising about in the centre of
the pedicle of this fork, 6 from the same place or on a short pedicle. In the hindwing vein 8 is fused
with the anterior edge of the cell and rises only shortly before its end; 6 + 7 on a long pedicle, 3 + 4 on
a short one, 5 distantly separated from 4. — In Euproctilla showing a similar structure, vein 10 of the forewing
rises before vein 7.

fulvicolora. L. fulvicolora Hm/ps. (22 e). Wings deep dark reddish-brown with three paler greyish antemedian

and two postmedian transverse lines, and three large blackish-brown dots at the cell-end. Marginal area of
aurantia. both wings somewhat darker. Rhodesia. — In aurantia Strd. both wings are orange-yellow with a distinctly
dissimilis . marked brown marginal band. — In dissimilis Strd. the G is similar, but without a dark marginal band, the
+ is yellowish-white, the lines in the forewing are edged with orange-yellow. Congo, Rhodesia.

deleta. L. deteta sp. n. (22 e) is like the preceding, but without any transverse lines; only the marginal areas

are darker and the three black spots at the cell-end of the forewing are present. Forewing somewhat more
elongate, ground-colour lighter. Lake Tanganyika. type in the Berlin Museum.

ochricoloria. L. ochricoloria Strd. Similar to flava (22 f), but forewing above and beneath equally distinct with

a brown streak surrounded by light on the cross-vein (in nosera (22 f) there is only a dot at this place, being
quite indistinct beneath). Expanse: 20 mm, larger than in nosera. Mikindani.

paupera . L. paupera sp. n. (22 e). Similar to fulvicolora, wings more orange-yellow, margin of fore wing not

darker, the pale lines more angular, the dark spots at the cross-vein are absent, only a light spot being there.
Hindwing with a distinctly defined dark brown margin. German East Africa. + type from Amani (February)
flava. in the Berlin Museum. The form flava form. nov. (22 f) from Lindi (+■ in the Berlin Museum) has uni-colouied
orange-yellow hindwings; the under surface is likewise uni-coloured yellow; in paupera the apices are brownish.
nosera. — jn n0sera subsp. nov. (22 f) there is at the cell-end of the forewing a black dot, the first postmedian line
beneath is more oblique, more proximad; the race is besides smaller, but has a habitus similar to flava. q type
from Luchonza, Blantyra (Nyassa) in the Tring Museum.

jordani. L. jordani sp. n. (22 f). Larger than fulvicolora, without black spots at the cross- vein, the pale bands

similar to that species, only the first of the post median lines is more remote towards the base, so that the distance
between the second and 3rd transverse lines is not much smaller than that between the 3rd and 4th. Ground¬
colour of wings lighter reddish-brown. Bihe, Angola. <+ type in the Tring Museum.

38. Genus: Micraroa Hmps.

Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. In both wings the cell is open, in the forewing 8 to 10 forked, 7 absent ;
in the hind wing vein 3 is absent.

rufesccns. M. rufescens Hmps. Uni-coloured red-brown, costal margin, distal margin and veins partly sometimes

darker brown; antennal pinnae black. Expanse: 22 mm. South Africa.

minima. M. minima Janse. Light tan-coloured. Hindwing orange-ochreous. Expanse only about 14 mm.

Natal.

CYMAROA; PORTHESAROA; DASYCHOPROCTIS; SUAREZIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

151

39. Genus: ( yniaroa limps.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs; forewing without an accessory cell, 10 forked with 6 to 9, rising before
vein 7; in the hindwing 6 and 7 rise from the same place.

€. leptopepla Pimps. Body yellowish, mixed with a darker colour, tibiae and tarsi with black rings, leptopcpl.i.
Forewing yellowish, powdered with black. Subbasal line indistinctly undulate with a more distinct black spot
at the costal margin. Antemedian line irregularly dentate, distally convex. Median line with a black spot at
the costal margin, then indistinctly undulate. Postmedian line undulate, slanting as far as below vein 6, then
inwardly curved; beyond it a similarly running line. Subterminal line indistinct, undulate. Hindwing golden
yellow, with a dark spot on the cross-vein and an indistinct subterminal line. $ more brown, particular^ in
the hindwing. Expanse: 38 to 46 mm. Basuto Land, Cape Colony.

40. Genus; Portliesaroa gen.nov.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the neuration similar to Porthesia , but in the habitus more similar
to Leptaroa and others. In the hindwing one vein is absent (3 + 4 being fused); in contrast with Porthesia ,
the posterior angle of the cell is very much produced, 6 + 7 rise on a long pedicle from the anterior angle
which is still far before the centre of the wing. The costal margin of the forewing ist hardly convex, in Porthesia
very convex. Type of the genus: aureopsis Pier.

P. aureopsis sp. n. (28 e). Habitus similar to that of Laelia aurea Janse from South Africa. Head aureopsis.
and thorax above brown, abdomen orange, beneath whitish. Fo^ewing greyish -brown, the markings dark
brown, indistinct. Traces of a subbasal dot below the cell and one on the cross-vein, nebulous antemedian
and postmedian bands, behind the latter band a row of dots, a marginal line interrupted light by the veins.

Hindwing and under surface of both wings deep orange-yellow, apex of forewing dark brown, interrupted orange
by the veins. Madagascar. $ type from Diego Suarez in the Tring Museum.

P. lacipa sp. n. (28 e). Body spotted white and black, abdomen golden yellow with black dorsal lacipa.
spots, ends of tegulae orange. Forewing white with a subbasal, antemedian and postmedian transverse row of
black dots, behind the latter a dark shadow and some spots, at the margin a series of internerval spots. Hind wing
yellow. Forewing beneath blackish -brown. <$ type from Loiodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

P. noctua sp. n. (28 d). Body similar to lacipa, forewing brownish-white, with a dark brown spot noctua.
at 14 of the costal margin and % of the hind-margin, an antemedian dot, transverse line, and blackish submarginal
spots and marginal line. Hindwing yellow. type from Loiodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

41. Genus: IJasychoproctis gen.nov.

Hind tibiae with 1 pair of very long spurs, antennae of $ similar as in Dasychira strongly pectinate,
palpi straightly porrect, projecting a little beyond the frons. Forewing without an accessory cell, 11 rises from
the cell, 10 forked with 7 to 9, rising before 7, 6 from the same place as the pedicle. In the hindwing 3 + 4
and 6 + 7 forked; vein 5 in both wings rather indistinct, rising almost midway between 4 and 6; the genus
is an intermediary between the Lymantriidae and Noctuidae, though the whole habitus is like that in the Lyrnan-
triidae.

D. dubiosa sp. n. (22 f). Forewing red-brown, base white, behind it a red-brown basal area oblicpmly dubiosa.
defined by a dark line ; postmedian line blackish ; a red-brown streak from the cell-end to the costal margin
before the apex, a feeble submarginal line, besides this the anterior part of the wing is white, the posterior
part wood-coloured brown. Hindwing greyish- white. Madagascar. 3 $$ from Betsileo in the Berlin Museum.

42. Genus: Suarezia gen.nov.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, palpi and antennae as in the preceding genus. Forewing without an
accessory cell, vein 11 separate, 10 forked with 7 to 9, rising behind 7, 6 far separated from the pedicle. In
the hindwing 3 + 4 on a long, 6 + 7 on a short pedicle, 5 rises in both wings considerably above 4, though
nearer to 4 than to 6.

L. btpimcta sp. n. (21 c). Body brownish-grey, forewing white, thickly powdered with brownish-grey, bipuncia.
so that in fresh specimens only the antemedian line, the postmedian line at the costal margin, an area around
the limbal line, and a fine submarginal line remain white. The antemedian line is at the hind-margin turned
very much distally, just like the postmedian line which is broadly thickened blackish between the veins 2 and 5,
the limbal line is composed of dots, at the margin a fine black lines formed of streaks. At the cell-end 2 black
dots. Hindwing pale yellowish-grey, in the distal half darker. 5 $$ from Diego Suarez, Madagascar, in the
Tring Museum.

152 PARAPROCTLS; NOLIPROCTIS; EUPROCTOIDES; PARAXENA; XOLECA. By Dr. M. Herixg.

pumila.

miniata.

csquamaia.

angola.

basigutta.

43. Genus: I*araj>roctis B.-Bak.

In the forewing veins 6 to 8 forked, 6 rising before 8, 9 and 10 absent, 1 1 strongly bent, nearing vein 12.
Cell long, accessory cell absent. In the hindwing only veins 6 and 7 forked, 8 anastomosing with the anterior
edge of the cell almost as far as the cell-end.

P. osiris B.-Bak. Body yellowish; forewing deep creamy- whitish, strewn with fawn-coloured scales,
from among which the ground-colour shows through in paler lines: a curved basal line, a median line composed
of crescents, an undulate post median line. At the cell-end there is a spot of dark brown scales, a similar
one at the anal angle. Hindwing creamy white. Expanse 29 mm. Lokoja, West Africa.

44. Geims: ^Toliproctis gen.?iov.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, forewing without an accessory cell, 4 + 5 forked, also 7 to 10, vein
branching off from the pedicle before 10, 6 little separated from the pedicle. In the hindwing 3 + 4 and 6 + 7
forked, vein 5 absent, vein 8 touching the anterior edge of the cell only in its half.

N. pumila Btl. . (22 f). Forewing greyish -white, with an incomplete subbasal and distinct antemedian
and postmedian lines, the latter strongly expanded at the costal margin. Submarginal line frequently only
forms the costal margin. — Spots distinct; the Aving otherwise more or less powdered with brownish. Hindwing
greyish-white, at the apex darker. Madagascar.

45. Genus: K*B|>roetoides B.-Bak.

Hind tibiae with a pair of spurs. Forewing with an accessory cell, vein 7 rises from the end of it,
8 to 10 forked, 10 rising before 9 + 8, 8 into the distal margin, 11 from the cell. Hindwing: 3 and 4 rise
together from the same place, 6 and 7 forked, 8 only slightly touches the anterior edge of the cell.

Eu. miniata B.-Bak. Forewing orange tan-coloured, with broad transverse lines spotted dark grey:
basal line only traceable, antemedian line in the cell clistally angular, postmedian line interrupted by the veins,
on vein 7 distally curved; a subterminal row of spots between the veins and some spots on the cross-vein
dark grey, fringe red. HindAving pale reddish-orange. Expanse 34 mm. - N'Dalla, Tando, North Angola.

46. Genus: I*araxejia B.-Bak.

Last palpal joint falciformly bent upwards, hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. Forewing with an accessory
cell, 7 from its end, 8 + 9 together with it from the same place, 9 short or absent, 10 from the accessory cell,
8 into the apex, 11 from the cell. In the hindwing 3 + 4 and 6-1-7 forked, 8 touches the cell only in one place.

P. esquamata B.-Bak. Body dull white, abdomen pale grey, anal tuft of $ golden brown. Wings
Avhite, then scaled, base of forewing scantily strewn with black, a postmedian line of 2 lines of fine black scales,
somewhat oblique and undulate. Expanse: 31 mm. N'Dalla Tando, North Angola; Uganda.

P. angola B.-Bak. Body white; forewing yellowish-creamy, with traces of a double antemedian line
which is angular in the cell. The double postmedian line is broad, beyond the cell strongly angular. Fringes
brownish, interrupted by the veins. All the lines are composed of pale brown scales. Hindwing much paler
than forewing. Expanse :v24 mm. — Malange, West Africa.

47. Genus: ]5Toleca Wkr.

This species was not before me, the diagnose of the genus is insufficient for separating it from the other
Lymantriidae. One species :

N. basigutta Wkr. Fawn-coloured, foreAving with a black basal spot, margin with a series of black
crescents, at the cross-vein 3 blackish-brown, sometimes only spot-like oblique streaks, the most central of
Avhieh sIioavs a white area in front and a brownish one behind it. Expanse about 30 mm. Habitat unknown.

Nolera melanthiata Mab. ( Noleca sq. Kirby, Savinhoe) is a Geometrid!

Publ. 5. XI. 1926.

AROA. By Dr. M. He ring.

153

48. Genus: Aroil Wkr. (Ornithopsyche Wallgr.).

Forewing without an accessory cell, vein 11 from the cell, 10 from the pedicle of 8 -f 9, rising distally
to 7. In the hindwing 6 + 7 not forked, 3 + 4 forked or from the same place. Palpi long, projecting far beyond
the frons. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. — Sometimes 6 + 7 are forked in the hindwing; but in that case
in contrast with Euproctis, vein 6 of the forewing always rises far away from the pedicle of 7 to 10. A number
of species ranged in this genus by Swinhoe will probably have been wrongly placed here.

A. discalis Wkr. (+ = hypoxantha Wallgr.) (22 f). very variable, forewing varying from grey discalis.
to dark red-brown, with an antemedian and postmedian transverse line, both being parallel and distally curved ;
between the latter and the margin there is a darker nebulous line, a black dot on the cross-vein. From the
centre of the costal margin to the anal angle there is mostly a yellow area which may be extended towards
the base. Hindwing yellow, apex and costal margin and mostly also the anal margin very broadly black. $.

Forewing light yellow, the postmedian line not parallel to the antemedian line, oblique and almost straight.

Margin with blackish-brown spots. Hindwing darker yellow. Cross-vein with a black spot, beneath as in the
$ with a postdiscal dark line parallel to the margin. In the form ochraceata Wkr. the hindwing is partly powdered ochraceata.
with red-brown; — signata Wkr . has a $, the forewing of which is pale brownish-grey, whereas the hindwing signaia.
is without the discal spot. South and East Africa.

A. anthora Fldr. (22 g). Forewing grey, the antemedian, postmedian, and terminal transverse lines anthora.
as well as two maculae in the cell ochreous-yellow. Hindwing black with 3 orange-yellow longitudinal stripes.

South Africa. — To this place probably belongs a $ in the Tring Museum from West Pondoland, which has but
one macula in the discal area of the forewing; the yellow stripes of the hindwing are confluent forming a central
area.

A. difficilis Wkr. resembles discalis Wkr. (22 f ), but in the without the deep yellow band in the forewing, difficilis.
in the $ the postmedian line is very angular. South Africa.

A. quadriplagata Pagenst. Quite similar to discalis (22 f), the light spot in the forewing of the broad, qua drip la-
almost square, the stripe-like spot of the hindwing narrower, situate almost discally. Abyssinia. The $ probably gala.

belonging to it resembles the signata-iovm of discalis, but it has a black abdomen with yellow rings (in discalis +
the abdomen is yellow), and in the hindwing the yellow colour is almost as reduced as in the + 1 $ from
Maraquo, Central Abyssinia in the Tring Museum.

A. umbrata B.-Bcik. Body brown, abdomen dark brown. Forewing dark umber-brown, with a broad umbrata.
light browm discal band, beyond the cell very much distally curved. On its outside a thin dark undulate transverse
line, likewise distally curved. Hindwing dark soot-coloured grey. Expanse: 30 mm. N'Dalla-Tando, North
Angola.

A. tomisa Drc. Wings pale yellow, forewing at the margin shaded with brown, hindwing with some tomisa.
brown spots at the apex and anal angle. Body chrome-yellow, antennae and legs black. Both wings beneath
pale yellow without markings. Expanse: 62 mm. Dar-es- Salaam.

A. incerta Roglifr. Wings diaphanous, pale ochreous, also the body. Anal wool of the $ whitish -yellow, incerta.
Veins yellowish, cross-vein of forewing darkened. Expanse: 37 mm. Taveta.

A. callima B.-Bak. Body whitish, forewing of a pure white, but in some places with a brownish -yellow callima.
hue, particularly beyond the cell. A basal costal-marginal dot, beyond it a larger spot, are greyish -brown ;
another small costal-marginal dot near the centre, a darker one at about % of the costal margin. Traces of
a fine, very irregular white subterminal line distally projecting between the veins 3 and 4. Above this projection
the margin shows 3 snow-white dots. Apex with a small black dot, behind it an indistinct white one. Hindwing
white, between the veins 2 and 6 with a yellow tinge. Expanse: 36 mm. Lagos.

A. perfida B.-Bak. Body brownish. Abdomen grey. Forewing pale brownish with a darker median perfida.
area and a dark marginal spot above the anal angle. Hindwing white, fringe grey. Expanse: 26 mm. Gunnal,

West Africa.

A. caton B.-Bak. Body brown; forewing dark brown, with a dark subbasal spot and another one catori.
at the cell-end, traversed by paler lines. Post-median line fine and strongly undulate, situate in a broad whitish
band, accompanied by a small dark spot at the costal margin and one in the fold. An antemarginal row of
dots between the veins, another row proximad to it. Hindwing brownish-grey. Expanse: 26 mm. Lokoja.

A. pinodes B.-Bak. Forewing dingy brown, basal and median areas dark brown. A postmedian dull pinodcs.
tan-coloured costal-marginal spot, in which there is a fine dentate transverse line, continued almost to vein 4,
a similar apical spot and a subterminal row of dots. Hindwing grey. Expanse: 25 mm. North Angola.

A. obliqua B.-Bak. Forewing dark brown with a slanting pale brownish-yellow transverse stripe obliqua.
from the costal margin a little before the apex to the centre of the hind-margin where it grows wider. Distally

XIV

20

154

LAELIOLINA; FODINOIDEA. By Dr. M. Herixg.

achrodisca .

deflecta.

Iconensis.

melanoleu¬

ca.

decolorata .

quadrima-

culata.

nigripicla .

ornissa.

licana.

paeiula.

it is bordered by a fine dark undulate line. Before the margin a row of pale yellowish internerval dots. Hindwing
brownish-grey. Expanse: 31 mm. Lokoja.

A. achrodisca Hmps. (22 g). Body brown, legs partly whitish. Forewing red-brown; antemedian
line double, almost straight, the space between filled up with a more reddish colour, bordered by whitish. The
area between the subbasal line and antemedian line is powdered with whitish. Postmedian line double, slightly
curved. Subterminal line paler, very much curved; right before the margin a row of black dots, a reniform
macula at the cell-end. The space around the postmedian line is lighter whitish. Hindwing blackish-brown,
at the base lighter. Togo, Congo, and Rhodesia. — In deflecta subsp. nov. (22 g), from Senegal, the first ante¬
median line is very much distally curved in the cell, also the postmedian line more convex. The marginal area
is almost blackish, so that the terminal dots disappear, the hindwing is basally not lighter, unicoloured blackish-
brown, the $ in the forewing only with traces of transverse lines, otherwise uni-coloured light brow n. Expanse
only 20 mm. C 2 types from Sedhiou in the Tring Museum.

A. leonensis Hmps. In the forewing the same as deflecta ; hindwing greyish-brown, apical area dark
brown, slantingly defined, from the centre of the costal margin to vein 2. Also beneath the apical portion is
darker. Expanse: 32 mm. Sierra Leone.

A. melanoleuca Hmps. (22 g). Body black, mixed with white. Forewing similar to achrodisca, the
area at the post median band very distinct, purely milk-coloured. Hindwing black with a white central spot
extending behind almost to 1 c. beneath, however, extended to the white-powdered hindmarginal area. Gaza-
land, Tanganyika. In decolorata subsp. nov. (22 g), from Angola, the forewing is lighter, more yellowish-
brown, the postmedian spot more indistinct, the light area of the hindwing hindward somewhat more extensive,
beneath almost the whole wing is uniformly whitish, powdered with brown, only the apex, part of the marginal
area, the cross-vein, and a discal line being brown. type from Quisoli in the Berlin Museum.

A. quadrimaculata Janse. Similar to melanoleuca (22 g). Forew ing lighter mahogani-red. the transverse
lines more distinct, whitish; the spot at the cell-end distinctly blackish, another spot at the costal margin at
the beginning of the first post median line; the veins in the white area are reddish. Expanse : 27 mm. Rhodesia.

A. nigripicta Holl. is doubtfully ranged here. Body blackish, abdomen with white rings, under surface
white. Forewing smoky grey, near the centre with 2 black curved transverse bands, and some whitish spots
at the liind-margin. Hindwing white, at the base blackish, apex broadly black, at the distal margin a row of
black spots. Expanse: 34 mm.

A. omissa Holl. Body clay-coloured. Abdomen with black dorsal tufts. Forewing clay-coloured,
powdered darker; a black costal-marginal spot near the base, an almost square spot at the cell-end, above
it at the costal margin 2 small likewise darker triangles. Hindwing yellowish- white, with a dark grey spot on
the cross-vein ; a row of similar spots at the anal angle. Under surface yellowish-white with a grey spot on
the cross-vein. Expanse: 22 mm. Ogove.

A. ticana Schs. <£• Clem, is doubtfully ranged here. Forewing dark brown, at the hind-margin and
apex yellowish ; sinuate basal, median and postmedian lines on the lighter portions of the wing edged with
yellowish. At the cell-end 2 dark transverse streaks. Under surface light brown, in the disc darker, an almost
straight postmedian line. Hindwing above greyish-brown, under surface lighter, with a ring at the cell-end
and 2 transverse lines being brown. Expanse: 20 mm. Sierra Leone.

49. Genus: liaeliolina gen. nov.

Habitus of a Laelia, but structurally almost the same as Aroa ( Ornithopsyche ), though in the hindwing
3 and 4 rise separately, but nearer than 4 and 5. Wings not short and broad, but more oblong. Genotype:

L. paetula sp. n. (28 e). Body ochreous yellowish-brown, forewing the same, with a black dot at
the cross-vein, with a postmedian row of black dots, distally curved below vein 4, then extending towards the
base as far as below 1 c. In the marginal area some blackish scales. Hindwing and under surface paler yellow,
hinges darker yellow. Madagascar, $ type in the Berlin Museum.

50. Genus: f'oriinoioK'a Saalm.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs; forewing without an accessory cell, vein 10 forked with 7 to 9, rising
before 7, vein 6 not far from the pedicle, cell of a normal length. In the hindwing 6 and 7 rise from the same
place or on a short pedicle, vein 4 nearer to 5 than 3.

NUMENES; NEOMARDARA; CIMOLA. By Dr. M. Hering.

155

F. staudingeri Saalm. (22 g). Body blackish-brown; collar, 2nd and 3rd palpal joints beneath, and staudingeri. .
abdomen laterally and dorsally (except at the base) red. Forewing blackish-brown, a slanting transverse band,
and fringe at the distal margin white. Hindwing ochreous-yellow, apical half blackish-brown. Madagascar.

F. vectigera Mob. (= maculata Btlr.). Forewing in the base with a triangular, above white, beneath vectigera.
yellow spot and a broad white transverse band from the costal margin to the anal angle. Hindwing as in the
preceding species. Palpi and abdomen red.

51. Genus: ISTuiueiies Wkr. (Dasycampa Janse).

Forewing with an accessory cell, vein 10 from it, vein 7 forked before 8 + 9, vein 6 separately from
the cell. In the hindwing 6 and 7 rise from the same place or an a short pedicle. Hind tibiae with 1 pair of
spurs, anterior tarsi with projecting hairs. Distinguished from Bracharoa by the veins 4 and 5 of the forewing
being distinctly separated.

N. libyra Drc. (22 g). forewing smoky brown, at the distal margin grey, with two black undulate libyra.
transverse lines, at the tornus whitish ; from the apex to the anal angle a fine black submarginal line. Hindwing
deep black, fringe greyish -white. Both wings beneath black, forewing with a white spot at the tornus. Body
brown, anal tuft light yellow. — £: forewing greyish-brown, transverse lines as in the + blackish. At the apex
a blackish-brown nebulous spot, a deep blackish-brown spot along the base of the hind-margin, a brown macula
on the cross-vein. Anal angle whitish. Hindwing yellow, fringe whitish-yellow. Abdomen yellow with black
dorsal dots. Wings beneath yellow, forewing in the distal half blackish, at the tornus somewhat powdered
with whitish. East Africa.

N. ianthina Janse resembles libyra (22 g); $ : with a distinct triangular spot at the base of the hind- ianthina.
margin, parted by the distinct antemedian line; the postmedian line is clistally bordered with light, at the costa
with a yellow spot. Hindwing black with yellow hair at the base and hind-margin, fringe of a glaring yellow.

Forewing beneath at the costal margin pale yellow, with a broad yellow basal and postmedian spot. — $:
antemedian and median lines orange-yellow, not blackish, submarginal line more indistinct than in libyra.

Hindwing orange-yellow7, beneath with a median line of black irroration, otherwise as libyra. South Africa.

N. hypoxantha Holl. $ : body as in the two preceding species; forewing dark brown, at the hind-margin liypoxan-
with the black basal marking of the preceding species. A brown subbasal bent transverse line is followed by iha'

a black dot in the centre of the cell. The cell-end and the costal margin above it are paler than the rest of

the wing. At the extreme cell-end the dark macula which is here filled up with light. A postmedian undulate
brown transverse line, on both sides bordered by a darker double line; a dark subapical shadow and a lighter
one at the tornus as in the preceding species. The submarginal line is irregularly broken up into dots and
streaks. Hindwing dark ochreous-yellow. Under surface as in libyra. Expanse: 43 mm. Ogove.

N. praestans Saalm. Forewing whitish-yellow with a black dentate subbasal band, a bent median praestans.
band projecting distally in two dents, and a bent stripe from the tornus in front, ending at vein 3, above the
stripe a round spot. Hindwing as well as abdomen yellow. — In the form aurantiaca Oberthr. there is aurantiaca.

besides at the costal margin before the apex a proximally indented black band as far as vein 6, being a

continuation of the above mentioned stripe. Expanse: 70 mm. Madagascar.

52. Genus: 5Teomar«lara gen.no v.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, palpi moderately large, not projecting beyond the head, forewing
with an accessory cell, from which vein 10 rises, 9 and 8 forked, 7 together with the pedicle, 6 from the cell.

In the hindwing 3, 4 and 6, 7 forked, 8 touches the cell only in one place. All the tibiae are long-haired.

(In the Indian Mardara the palpi are long and project beyond the head, in the forewing 10 rises on a long
pedicle with 8 and 9, in the hindwing 3 and 4 are separated.) Genotype:

M. africana Holl. (22 h). Body brown, tegulae at the bottom whitish. Forewing brown with a white alricana.
subcostal longitudinal stripe, a white submarginal line parted by brown, with which a similar wedge-shaped
spot behind the cell is connected, and a similar spot distally to the cross-vein. Hindwing in the £ light brownish,
in the $ dark grey. West Africa: Sierra Leone, Cameroon, Spanish Guinea. — The species was described as
a Notodontidal

53. Genus: Clmola Wkr.

Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs: in the forewing vein 11 rises separately from the cell, 10 to 7
from the accessory cell, 10 before 7, 8 and 9 from the same place or forked, 6 distantly separated from
them. In the hindwing vein 4 is about equidistant from 3 and 5, 6 and 7 are separated.

156

PIRGA; E0P1RGA; SOMATOXENA. By Dr. M. Hering.

opalina.

mirabilis.

magna.

loveni.

weisei.

lute ola.

luiea.

Iransvalen-

sis.

perfasciata.

pellucida.

mnemosyne.

bipuncta.

Candida.

C. opalina Wkr. (= thymiathis Drc.% ) (22 h). Wings semi-transparent yellowish-white, apex and
veins of forewing blackish -brown. South and East Africa.

54. Genus: l*irga Auriv.

Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. EoreAving with accessory ceil, from which the veins 10, 7, and
on a short pedicle 8 + 9 rise; vein 6 is distinctly separated from them, 4 and 5 distantly separated. In the
hindwing vein 4 rises nearer to 5 than to 3, 6 + 7 forked, 8 separate, but close at the discal cell.

P. mirabilis Auriv. Wings somewhat hyaline yellowish- white, distal margin broad black like the
veins. Body blackish-brown, head, prothorax and end of abdominal segments partly ochreous-yellow. West
Africa.

P. magna Swh. (22 k) is smaller, in the forewing the distal black colour extends almost to vein 2, in
the hindwing to the cell. British East Africa.

P. loveni Auriv. is quite similar to magna (22 k). The border between the white and grey portions
of the wing is indistinct, only in a certain light prominent, the white colour of the hindwing only extends to
vein 1 a. Expanse: 46 mm. British East Africa.

P. weisei Karsch (22 k). Wings uni-coloured hyaline grey, costa of forewing and the greatest part of
the body blackish-brown. Usambara.

P. luteola sp. n. Wings scantily scaled, ochreous-yellow. Forewing distally to the cell and in the
hindwing a spot at the apex blackish. <$ type from Kassai, Congo, in the Berlin Museum.

P. lufea Griinb. (22 k). Body and the hyaline wings ochreous yellow, antennae black, also part of the
legs; an indistinct black transverse line through the cell before the end, extending behind the cell much farther
distally, often undulate. Veins partly sometimes violettish-black. Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika.

P. transvalensis Janse. Body ochreous-yellowisb , antennae black. Wings hyaline with yellowish hair,
particularly at the base and hind-margin of the hindwing. Veins, distal margin and apex, costal margin of
forewing, and hind-margin of hindwing brownish. Expanse: 33 mm. Transvaal.

P. perfasciata Wichgr. is quite similar to lutea, but larger, band of forewing continued on the hindwing,
fringes brown, not yellow. Tibiae and feet quite blackish -brown. East Africa.

P. pellucida Wichgr. is like perfasciata , without dark transverse lines in both wings. Expanse about
50 mm. German East Africa.

P. mnemosyne Rbl.. (21 e). Body marked black and yellow. Wings not transparent yellowish-white,
only the apical portion of the forewing, beginning from the cell, blackish hyaline, gradually narrowing down
to the tornus, veins dark brown, in the hindwing less distinct. Apical portion of hindwing somewhat hyaline.
Fringe brown. The specimen before me, from South Cameroon, shows 7, 8 + 9 in the forewing on a joint
pedicle. Beni.

P. bipuncta sp. n. is quite dissimilar to the other species, but with respect to the structure it belongs
to the genus. In the habitus it is similar to Sapelia tavetensis Holl. Body whitish, head, antennae, and thorax
in front ochreous-yellow. Forewmg white, hyaline; costal margin, apex, distal margin, and 2 dots on the cross¬
vein blackish. Hindwing hyaline white, margin fine black. G type from Kibwezi, British East Africa, in the
Tring Museum.

55. Genus: Kopirga gen.nov.

Tibiae long-haired, hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. Palpi short, the 3rd joint almost hidden belowT the
hairing of the 2nd. Antennae relatively short. Forewing with an accessory cell which is rather long, similar
to that of Marbla. Veins 10 and 7 rise in about the same height before the end of the accessory cell, 8 + 9 on
a short pedicle from its end. 6 from it near its base. In the hindwing vein 4 is nearer to 5 than to 3,6 + 7 on
a short pedicle, 8 closely approaches the anterior edge of the cell as far as its centre. Genotype:

E. Candida sp. n. (26 h) is a large species. Body white, prothorax, head, and abdomen beneath ochreous-
yellow. Tarsi outside black. Wings broadly rounded, above and beneath white, costal margin slightly darker.
Expanse: 58 mm. $ type from Antanambe in the Tring Museum. Madagascar.

56. Genus : Somatoxeiia Auriv.

Like Pirga, but vein 6 rises from the accessory cell of the forewing, vein 7 from 8 + 9 or from 8. In
the hindwing vein 8 is partly fused with the anterior edge of the discal cell.

ANEXOTAMOS; MARBLA; MARBLOIDES. By Dr. M. Hering.

157

S. lasea Drc. (22 i) is quite similar to Pirga magna Swh., but the hindwing is white, only the fringe lasea.
and sometimes the extreme margin brownish. Sierra Leone.

57. Genus: Aiiexotamos gen.nov.

In the habitus similar to Piiga, but in the forewing 11 rises from the accessory cell. Vein 10 rises about
in the centre, 9, 8 and 7 from the end of the accessory cell, 6 from this cell near the base. 1 and 5 separate,
the posterior angle of the cell in both wings much more distally produced than in Somatoxena, hindwing otherwise
as in the preceding genus. In Lacipa, where in the forewing 11 rises also from the accessory cell, the veins 5
and 4 of the hindwing are forked.

An. flavibasis sp. n. (22 h) is quite similar to Somatoxena lasea Drc. (22 i) but smaller; hindwing in flavibasis.
the basal half ochreous-yellowish. $ type in the Berlin Museum (Emin Pashah Habitat unknown, presumably
in the East African Lake District.

58. Genus: Marbla Swh.

Palpi very long, projecting far beyond the frons. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the forewing
there is a large accessory cell, vein 11 separate, vein 10, 7, 8 and 9 from the accessory cell, 6 distinctly separated
from it. In the hindwing 6 and 7 are separate, 4 nearer to 5 than to 3. Characterized by the very long
accessory cell of the forewing.

M. divisa WTcr. (22 i). Body light ochreous, wings diaphanous white, apical third of forewing and divisa.
an apical spot of the hindwing black. Madagascar. — The West African race: tenera Holl. (22 h) is a little tenera.
larger, expanse more than 30 mm in the $. Gabim. The extent of the black markings in the hindwing is
very variable.

M. indentata Holl. (22 h) resembles divi.sa, in the forewing the black apical third exhibits a proximal indenlata.
dentiform projection on the posterior edge of the cell, and a more feeble one on 1 b. The black apical spot
sometimes occupies the whole distal margin. May be a northern race of divisa. Sierra Leone, Cameroon.

M. nyctemerina Rbl. Forewing smoky grey, in cell 1 b with a white ray coming from the base, not nyctemeri-
extending into the cell in front. Hindwing white with a smoky-grey marginal band of 4 mm width, though na

narrowing down towards the anal margin. Expanse: 43 mm. East Africa, Morea.

M. elegantula -sp. n. (22 i) is larger than indentata, wings not white, but darkened greyish, in the hindwing elegantula.
the black distal margin extends to the anal angle, equably broad, proximally somewhat obsolete. Vein 11 of

forewing rises from the same place with the accessory cell. $ type in the Berlin Museum. Central Cameroon.

M. proxantha Holl. (22 i). Body yellowish -white, beneath white, legs uni-coloured. Wings hyaline, proxantha.
forewing yellowish-greyish, costal margin light brown; hindwing and under surface purely white. Gabun.

M. beni B.-Bak. (21 c). Body somewhat yellowish. Forewing milky white, sometimes hyaline, beni.
Forewing with a black spot on the cross- vein and a similar one at the rise of vein 2. Congo State.

M. azami Kheil. Forewing grey, hindwing white, body yellowish. Expanse about 40 mm. Spanish azami.
Guinea. Very near to M. proxantha , perhaps identical with it.

M. lindblomi Auriv. (21 d). White, wings almost transparent, without markings. British East Africa, lindblomi.

M. hemileuca Rbl. (= semihyalina Joic. & Talb.) (21 d). Body yellowish, wings whitish hyaline, hemileuea.
forewing in the apical portion as far as the cell black, at the cross-vein and at the rise of vein 2 a black spot.

Beni (East Africa).

59. Genus: MarMoides gen.nov.

Consistent with Marbla, but vein 8 in the hindwing as far as the middle of the cell connected with the
anterior margin of the cell, then slantingly angled towards the costal margin, as it occurs in certain Geometridae
from which this genus differs in the absence of the proboscis and chaetosema and a different tympanal organ.
(Genotype: M. paradoxa Her.).

M. paradoxa sp. n. (22 i). Body yellow, antennae black, legs white. Forewing white, apical half paradoxa.
and base of costa black. Hindwing white, at the distal margin somewhat blackish, but also there the fringe is
white. The white places are hyaline, in the forewing in the cell, in the hindwing at the posterior edge of the
cell creamy yellow. Beneath in the forewing only 1/3 at the apex black. Ivory Coast, ^ type in the Berlin
Museum.

158

MARBLEPSIS; LAELIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

af finis. M. af finis sj). n. (22 h). Similar to paradoxa, but larger, costal margin of forewing broadly black,

black powdering on 1 b of the hindwing, in the hindwing the blackened marginal portions more extensive,
also its fringe black. type in the Berlin Museum from Opobe, South Nigeria.

60. Genus: Marblepsis gen.nov.

Like Marblci, but 6 + 7 in the hindwing forked, palpi somewhat shorter. Tibial blade of front tibiae
longer than tibia.

pirgula. M. pirgula sp. n. (22 h) is very similar to the Pterothysanid genus Pirgula. Uni-coloured white,

antennal pinnae brownish, wings hyaline, forewing with 2 black dots before the apex and one above the tornus
on 1 c. Two $3 from Kwai, West Africa, in the Berlin Museum.

dolosa. M. dolosa sp. n. (21 d). Body pale ochreous-yellow, abdomen white, antennae brown. Wings trans¬

parent dull whitish-grey, forewing in the apical third blackish, at the rise of veins 3 to 5 with a black spot, q
type from Cameroon in the Berlin Museum.

niveola. M. niveola sp. n. (21 d). Uni-coloured white, hyaline; antennal pinnae blackish-brown. <f$ type from

Bibundi, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

61. Genus: Laclhi Steph.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, legs without projecting scale-tufts on the anterior tarsi and middle
tibiae. Forewing with an accessory cell, vein 11 separate, vein 10 from the accessory cell, vein 7 forked with
8 + 9 or from the same place. Vein 6 distinctly separated from the accessory cell. In the hindwing 6 and 7
are forked, 4 nearer to 3 than to 5.

cxirema. L. extrema sp. n. Quite similar to subrosea, but beside the submarginal row of dots with a discal

one extending almost parallel to the former, and besides with dots on the cross-vein. 1 $ from Shangiro, German
East Africa in the Berlin Museum. Expanse: 30 mm.

subrosea. L. subrosea Wkr. ( = subrufa Snell., rosea Schs.) (23 b). Body reddish-white, palpi three times as

long as the head, towards the apex yellowish. Forewing reddish-white, hyaline, with fine,- scattered, black
scales along the posterior edge of the discal cell, a black longitudinal streak of 1 mm width from the base
to the rise of vein 4, sometimes also yet extending beyond the beginning of 2 and 3. This streak is posteriorly
indistinctly defined, but in front distinctly marked; it is, however, often quite absent. Before the margin a
very much bent row of 6 small black spots. Hindwing above and beneath white. Forewing beneath pale reddish-
white, the markings of the upper surface showing through. Expanse: 28 mm. From Sierra Leone to Natal.

xyleutes. L. xyleutes Hmps. Quite similar to subrosea (23 b). Forewing not pinkish-white, but brownish-pink.

$ ochreous yellowish- white, costal margin ochreous-yellow. Togo, South and East Africa.

bifascia. L. bifascia Hmps. (21 f). Body pale reddish-brown, abdomen ochreous-yellowish, beneath reddish.

Forewing pale reddish-brown, powdered with blackish ; a black longitudinal streak on the posterior edge of
the cell, another streak shortened in front and behind, on lb. A subterminal series of dark streaks on the
veins, being sometimes obsolete. Hindwing ochreous yellowish-white. $ mostly more reddish, streaks of forewing
narrower and often shorter. Expanse: 32 to 38 mm. South and East Africa.

figlina. L. figlina Dist. resembles bifascia, but is more reddish in the forewing, the longitudinal streak on 1 b

is absent. Expanse: 33 mm. South Africa.

perbrunnea. L. perbrutinea Hmps. Body red-brown. Forewing dark red-brown, somewhat powdered with blackish,

with a black streak on the cross- vein. Hindwing pale reddish-brown, powdered with a somewhat darker colour.
Expanse: 34 to 40 mm. British East Africa.

margine- L. marginepunctafa B.-Bak. (27 h). Body ochreous-yellow. Forewing pale ochreous-yellow with

punctata, traces of a slanting grey antemedian and a darker similar post-median transverse band. A subterminal row
of black spots between the veins. Hindwing dull ochreous-yellow, towards the margin lighter. Expanse: 36 mm.
North-Eastern Rhodesia.

fuscinotata. L. fuscinotata Hmps. Body reddish-brown, mixed with blackish. Abdomen pale ochreous-yellow.

Forewing pale reddish-brown, thickly powdered with black. Below the cell two mostly united black dots, a-
similar one right below the cross-vein, one below vein 3 below the cell-end. Above and below vein 7 one black
subterminal dot each, indistinct similar ones above and below vein 4. Hindwing whitish, powdered
with ochreous-brown, traces of blackish subterminal spots at the distal margin. $ darker, forewing and hindwing
without dots. Uganda.

LAELIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

159

L. actuosa sp. n. (21 f) is similar to the following species, forewing somewhat broader. Body greyish- actuosa.
white. Forewing whitish-grey, with a somewhat pink tinge, lustrous, intensely powdered with blackish particularly
at the costal margin, a broad streak from the cell-end almost to the apex and a subterminal line. Marginal
dots black. Hindwing grey, basally lighter, fringe white. Forewing beneath grey with darker veins. <y, $
types from Windhoek, German South-West Africa, in the Berlin Museum.

L. intermissa sp. n. (21 f) resembles hemippa, but the veins are not powdered with grey. The costal intermissa.
margin of the forewing is ochreous-yellow, at the cross-vein 2 black dots, under surface the same; hindwing
purely white, abdomen at the end ochreous-yellow. $ type from Saadani in the Berlin Museum. German
East Africa.

L. hemippa Swh. (23 b, Vol. X, 42 f) is remarkable by very narrow wings with an oblique distal margin, hemippa.
otherwise with the marks of the genus. Forewing lustrous white, veins powdered with brownish like the hind-
margin, fringe of a pure white. Hindwing yellowish-grey with a white fringe. Beneath the forewing is yellowish-
grey, the hindwing white. East Africa, to the south of Kenya.

L. impura sp. n. (21 f). Wing-contours as in hemippa, but forewing dull greyish-white, fringe speckled, impura.
hindwing purely white. Forewing beneath grey, not ochreous-yellowish, abdomen white. Abyssinia, d1? types
in the Berlin Museum. The form from British East Africa shows the hindwing at the margin darkened by greyish,
the abdomen is grey; — promissa subsp. nov. $ type from Kibwezi in the Tring Museum. promissa.

L. lavia Swh. (23 b). Body and wings dark brown, forewing with the usual postmedian, distally lavia.
convex row of dots and a spot on the cross-vein blackish. Hindwing scantily powdered, particularly basally,
cross-vein darker. British East Africa, Angola.

L. hypoleucis Hmps. Body pink, abdomen at the end and body beneath white. Forewing claret- liypoleucis.
coloured pink with a dark longitudinal streak at the posterior edge of the cell proceeding from the base and
extending distally bent to the apex. Costal margin at the base and apex whitish. A small spot in the centre,
a larger one at the end of the cell; a narrow zigzag line from % of the costal margin to the centre of the
hind-margin, below the cell dentated in the shape of a V, the apex of the V distally. Sometimes a bent-
basal transverse lines occurs. Hindwing and both wings beneath white, fringe of forewing beneath speckled
brown and grey. Expanse: 33 to 45 mm. Ogove.

L. punctulata Btlr. (23 b). Body and wings of an intense orange-yellow colour, forewing with the punctulata.
usual post-median row of dots, sometimes powdered somewhat blackish. South Africa.

L. albida Hmps. Body ochreous-yellow; abdomen white, beneath yellowish. Forewing yellowish- albida.
white, costal margin basally darker. Hindwing semi-hyaline white. Expanse: 34 mm. South Nigeria. It is
said to resemble Crorema adspersa (20 f), but it lacks the dots on the forewing of the latter.

The following two species ought to be placed to Crorema, because vein 4 in

the hind wing is nearer to 5 t- h an to 3.

L. setinioides Holl. (23 b) is lighter and larger than the preceding species, forewing straw-coloured setinioides.
yellow, beside the normal row of dots another small spot right distally to the cross-vein, hindwing lighter,
whitish-yellow. From Gabun to South and East Africa. The species, according to Janse, is said to be identical
with Crorema fulvinotata Btlr.

L. evanescens Hmps. (23 b) is similar to setinioides, the postmedian row of dots is thin, below vein 3 evancscens.
inwardly curved, where there are only yet two dots. The dot below the centre of the cell is absent. Uganda,

German East Africa.

L. bethuneana Strd. (= acuta B.-Bah.). Body red-brown, abdomen dull whitish-grey. Forewing bethuneana.
pale reddish-brown, sometimes in the fold and the postmedian area lighter, with a dark grey stripe from the
costal margin near the apex about to the centre of the cell. Hindwing pale straw-coloured. Expanse: 36 mm.

Uganda.

L. nigripes Hmps. Body yellowish, anterior and middle legs in front black. Forewing diaphanous nigripes.
yellowish- white, costal margin and base more yellow. Hindwing diaphanous yellowish-white. Expanse: 26 mm.

North Nigeria. Is said to be likewise allied to Crorema adspersa (20 f).

L. fracta Schs. & Clem. (23 c). Forewing grey with an oblique straight row of dots before the margin, fracta.
from which a brownish shadow extends proximad to the cell. Hindwing greyish-white. Sierra Leone, Cameroon.

L. rivularis Hmps. Body yellowislr-brown, abdomen brownish- white. Forewing pale yellowish-brown, a rivularis.
black antemedian dot below the cell, an indistinct brown line from *4 of the costal margin, sharply bent distally,
extending to the rise of vein 3 and to the liind-margin, meeting with a slanting stripe from the costal margin
behind the middle. A slanting straight line from the costal margin near the apex to the centre of the hind-
margin. The area before it between the veins 2 to 5 more white. A brown subterminal line contains a row of
black dots. Hindwing white, powdered with yellowish-brown, with a subterminal row of spots. Sometimes
the ground-colour of the forewing is yellow and that of the hindwing yellowish-white. Expanse : 48 mm. Uganda.

— In the form maseniensis Strd. the forewing is yellow, the hindwing is yellowish -white.

160

LAELIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

amabilis. L. amabilis Auriv. Forewing prolonged, white; costal margin and a submarginal row of dots black.

Hindwing white. Expanse: 25 mm. Damara-Land.

atrisquama- L. atrisquamata Hmps. Body yellowish-white, also the forewing which is irregularly strewn with

^ black scales which are accumulated into spots in the centre of the cell and the tornus. Hindwing white, feebly
yellowish. Expanse up to 56 mm. Gold Coast.

discolepia. L. discolepia Hmps. Similar to atrisquamata, but with large black spots at the cross-vein, at the

hind- margin and distal margin more intensely black-scaled. Expanse: 50 mm. Sierra Leone, Togo.

unipuncta- L. unipunctata Mschlr. (23 a). Large and with broad white wings. Forewing with a black dot in

ta • the centre of the cell. Aburi.

straminea. L. straminea Hmps. Body oclireous-yellow, partly irrorated with red-brown. Abdomen yellowish-

white. Forewdng ochreous-yellow, powdered with reddish. Antemedian line indistinct, red-brown; brown
dots in and below the posterior angle of the cell and beyond the anterior angle and below vein 7. Postmedian
line red-brown, very slanting, straight. A slanting subterminal row of brown dots. Hindwing yellowish-white
with a red-brown hue at the centre of the distal margin. Expanse: 50 mm. South Nigeria.

sordida. L. sordida Mschlr. Forewing yellowish-brown, powdered with blackish-brown, the light ground¬

colour indistinctly and irregularly showing through, particularly distally to the cross-vein. Hindwing dark
grey. Aburi.

gigantea. L. gigantea Hmps. Body yellow, powdered with red-brown. Forewing the same, scantily powdered

with black. Basal half paler, except at the costal margin and hind-margin. Antemedian line indistinct, brown,
dentate. A spot of black scales above the rise of vein 7, two slanting brown post. median lines and 2 similar
subterminal lines, a brown shadow from the apex to the hind-margin behind the postmedian line. Hindwing
ochreous-yellow, somewhat reddish, with a brown spot at the cross-vein, a brown marginal line, the marginal
area powdered with blackish. Expanse: 82 mm. Cameroon, Uganda.

infra da. L. infracta B.-Bak. (23 c). The identification of this species and of the following one is rather difficult.

The distal margin of the forewing is quite straight. Forewing pale grey with a dark longitudinal stripe through
the cell and between the veins 5 and 6 to the subterminal row of black dots; the whole wing is strewn
with fine ash-grey scales. Hindwing greyish- white. Expanse: 25 mm. It is more powdered with ash-grey
than the following is. Togo, Cameroon, Congo to South and South-East Africa.

This species and the following separated from subrosea (23 b) and xyleutis by densely scaled, not hyaline
fore wings.

diascia. L. diascia Hmps. Forewing more oclireous, more intensely poAvdered with blackish-brown, with

blackish longitudinal stripes which are much more distinct than in infracta, particularly also one in the fold.
The black submarginal dots are distally pupilled with a somewhat lighter colour. Otherwise like infracta,
perhaps of the same species. Expanse: 30 to 40 mm. South and East Africa, Abyssinia, Cameroon.

flava. L. flava B.-Bak. is a large species. Body yellow, wings pale chrome-coloured, forewing powdered

with yellow on the pale ground, AAihereby it appears to be coarser. Hindwing paler than forewing. Expanse:
62 mm. Lagos.

fulvicosta. L. fulvicosta Hmps. Body yellowish-brown, abdomen dark greyish -brown. Forewing dark red-brown,

costal margin and fringe yellowish -brown. Hindwing semihyaline red-brown. Expanse: 22 mm. North Nigeria.

rogersi. L. rogersi B.-Bak. Body whitish-grey, forewing ochreous grey, with 3 parallel, slanting, undulate,

darker transverse lines. Base paler grey. Hindwing somewhat hyaline, whitish. Expanse: 35 mm. British
East Africa.

aethiopica. L. aethiopica B.-Bak. Body ochreous-yellow, abdomen paler. Wings pale ochreous, forewing with a

small orange spot on the cross-vein and a similar one iir the fold of the Aving near its centre. Expanse: 30 mm.
North-Eastern Rhodesia, Uganda, Nigeria.

subviridis. L. subviridis Janse. Body blackish mixed with green; forewing olive-brown, densely po\ATdered with

blackish and apple-green so that a dark green colour predominates. The following markings are black:
a subbasal transverse line, an antemedian line which is double towards the costa, angular on all the veins and
folds, a median one likewise sharply angled, a spot on the cross-vein, a postmedian transverse line, in its anterior
portion convex, a subterminal broad indistinct transverse shadow, the terminal line again narrow, on each
vein dentate. Hindwing blackish-brown. Expanse: 36 mm. South Africa.

ochracea. L. ochracea Snell. Wings pale ochreous- yellowish, hyaline, foreAving with a broken transverse line

of blackish crescents, distally to the cell, beginning at the apex and ending before the centre of the hind-margin.
Expanse about 40 mm. Lower Guinea. (It is doubtfully ranged here.)

Publ. 5. XI. 1926 .

LAE LI A. By Dr. M. Hering.

161

L. swinnyi Janse. $ blackish-brown, in the forewing the subbasal, median, postmedian, and terminal swinnyi.
lines are marked by some dark scales. Hindwing blackish-brown. The $ which, according to Janse, belongs
to this species, is brownish-white in the forewing, speckled with blackish, particularly at the costal margin,
and the terminal line is composed of blackish dots. Hindwing white, at the margin slightly powdered with
dark. Expanse about 30 mm. South Africa.

L. nigri-pulverea Janse (23 c) is a very variable species. Forewing tan-coloured, densely powdered nigri-pulve-
with a darker colour, the last third of the cell often lighter ; in the $ a black longitudinal streak on the posterior
margin of the cell; the species is characterized by a blackish-brown shadow right before the apex to the cell-
end, and 1 or 2 black dots on the cross-vein. The subterminal row of spots is almost parallel to the margin,
the terminal spots are very large and distinct. Hindwing greyish, towards the base lighter.

L. robusta Janse. Forewing tan-coloured yellowish, at the hind-margin sometimes lighter, powdered robusta.
with dark. Subbasal line indicated by some black scales, some black dots on the cross- vein, the post median
line likewise only marked by some black scales, partly crescentiform, a larger spot between veins 1 b and 2.
Subterminal line as usual projecting somewhat distally behind vein 4, its single dots not being very distinct.

Hindwing whitish, thickly powdered with blackish, except at the base, costal margin and partly at the hind-
margin. Expanse: 35 to 40 mm. South Africa.

From diascia, which it otherwise resembles, discernible particularly by the dark bindwings.

L. haematica Hmps. Body yellow, patagia pink, abdomen yellowish- white. Forewing yellow, suffused haematica.
with pink, except at the costal margin; a blackish longitudinal streak behind the cell from the base to the
origin of vein 2, a black spot at the cell-end, sometimes extending in the shape of a streak to the margin, a
similar transverse line of dots, the uppermost 4 of which are placed proximad, whilst the others run slantingly
to the posterior longitudinal streak. Hindwing semi-transparent white, fringes ochreous. Expanse: 32 mm.

East and South Africa. — - In the West African angolensis subsp. nov. (21 f) the forewing lacks the black spot angolensis.
on the cross-vein and the basal streak. $ type from Caconda (Angola) in the Tiing Museum.

L. aurea Janse. Body light orange, thorax above brownish. Forewing densely powdered with yellowish- aurea.
brown, at the hind-margin lighter. Some subbasal black scales, some at the cross-vein and at the costal margin.

Post median line powdered with blackish, distally curved as far as vein 3, then incurved. Subterminal line
parallel to the margin as far as vein 3, then likewise incurved. Some black scales on the margin. Hindwing
orange-yellow, at the base lighter. Expanse: 23 mm. South Africa. — Closely allied to punctulata (23 b) from
which it is separated by the brown powdering on the forewing.

L. j aliens chi sp. n. (27 g). Here and in the following clarki the basal markings in the forewing only janenschi.
consist of orange-red scales which are black at the ends. Very similar to clarki (23 c), but below the cell in
the forewing before the rise of vein 2 a conspicuous dark spot, 2 smaller ones opposite at the hind-margin.

Hindwing darkened by grey, particularly at the distal margin. German East Africa. $ type from Tendaguru
(collected by Janensch).

L. clarki Janse (23 c). Forewing whitish, densely speckled with grey, a black subbasal line. Antemedian, clarki.
median, and postmedian lines marked by some orange-yellow and black scales. Subterminal line brownish-
black, parallel to the margin as far as vein 3, then incurved, ending at the tornus. Terminal line marked by
black crescents between the veins, hindwing purely white. In the lighter $ all the lines are more distinct, the
hindwing somewhat powdered with brownish, particularly towards the margin. Expanse: 33 to 38 mm. South
Africa.

L. mesoxantha sp. n. (23 c). Forewing reddish ochreous in the basal half; costal margin, the oblique mesoxan-
distal half and the hind-margin brown. An oblique, somewhat dentate subbasal and antemedian line. The dia

postmedian line shutting off the marginal area is rather straight, very obliquely directed basally towards the
hind-margin. In the apex a yellowish lighter area; a discal row of light-pupilled black dots, distinct at the apex
and tornus, a submarginal row of blackish crescents. Hindwing yellowish-white or brownish- white. At the
cell-end of the forewing a brown spot, distally to it 2 or 3 whitish-yellow dots. Cameroon. $ type from Yaunde
in the Berlin Museum.

L. aegra sp. n. (21 f). Body ochreous -yellow with a few red markings, beneath lighter. Forewing aegra.
brown, subbasal and antemedian lines light yellow, margined with red, dentate. Postmedian line and marking
of the cross-vein black. At the costal margin before the apex a light yellow area, at the tornus also somewhat
light yellow. Hindwing yellowish-grey, under surface also of that colour. type from Nigeria in the Tiing
Museum, paratypes also from Bingerville.

L. amaura sp. n. (23 c) is separated from aegra by the following marks: the postmedian line of the amaura.
forewing partly dentate, below the costal margin distally very convex, the spot at the cell-end fused with
the costal margin, the antemedian line on 1 c with a distal tooth, the apex not with a light patch, discal dots
not light-pupilled, without the submarginal crescents. Hindwing ochreous-yellow. Hindw ing beneath with a
dark spot on the cross-vein, without a subapical line. East Africa. $ type from Lindi in the Berlin Museum.

XIV

21

162

LAELIA. By Dr. M. Draiidt.

basibr un-
nea.

melaxantha.

barsineides.

lignicolor.

incerta.

ordinata.

solida.

diaphanel-

la.

leucolepis.

bacchans.

maculata.

euproctina.

pactor.

Jcitchingi.

soloides.

micans.

basipuncta.

L. basibrunnea Holl. (23 c). Bands running in the distal half as in amaura, the antemedian and
subbasal lines quite indistinct. Hindwing whitish-grey, beneath without a dot on the cross-vein, but with a
subapical line. Cameroon, Gabun.

L. melaxantha Wkr. (23 a). Forewing reddish-ochreous ; hindwing lighter yellow, with a broad black
distal margin. Transvaal, also in India.

L. barsineides Holl. is doubtfully placed here. Body yellowish, abdomen above brown. Forewing
pale yellow with ferruginous brown markings; a broad subbasal band, an oval ring at the cell-end and above
it a smaller spot at the costal margin. A broad, irregularly bent and dentate submarginal band from the apex
to the hind-margin, distally to it feeble brown marginal lines. Hindwing semi-diaphanous pale brown. Expanse :
23 mm. Ogove.

L. lignicolor Holl. (23 d). Body wood-coloured like the forewing, with a darker basal third, a dark
spot at the cell-end and a dark straight stripe coming from the apex and extending to the centre of the hind-
margin ; a parallel stripe between it and the base is indicated in the posterior lighter portion of the wing. Distally
to the former stripe an irregular row of dark dots. Hindwing varying from ochreous-yellow to reddish-brown.
Under surface pale tan-coloured with a dark spot on the cross-vein and some subterminal spots. Expanse:
27 to 40 mm. Ogove, Spanish Guinea, Togo, East Africa.

L. iticerfa sp. n. (28 b) is quite similar to lignicolor, larger, with an obtuser apex of the forewing,
a more oblique subterminal line, a darker hindwing with a brown median spot. type from Wassaw in the
Tring Museum. Gold Coast. This species and lignicolor may be better ranged in Dasychira.

L. ordinata Karsch. (23 d). Forewing ochreous-yellow, with a series of bright red dots the largest of
which is that below vein 2. Hindwing yellow, somewhat more hyaline. Saadani, German East Africa.

L. solida Karsch. (23 a). Forewing blackish-brown with a darker dentate postmedian stripe and a
large light wood-coloured bottle-shaped spot which is narrower towards the hind-margin. Hindwing brownish-
grey. Togo.

L. diaphanella Mab. Eorewing white, hyaline and feebly hued with blackish. Costal margin black,
fringe blackish. Hindwing at the distal margin somewhat darkened. Body whitish-yellow, collar yellow. Legs
yellow, tarsi blackish. Madagascar.

L. leucolepis Mab. is likewise doubtfully ranged here. Somewhat larger than the preceding species,
wings of a pure white, densely scaled. Costal margin of forewing narrow black like the fringes of both wings.
Head and vertex yellow, frons black. Central Africa.

L. bacchans Karsch (23 a). Forewing reddish-brown with a double antemedian line and a single
submarginal line, as well as a broad postmedian band and macula at the cross-vein being darker. Hindwing
yellow with a broad black distal margin. Togo. — In maculata Wichgr., from Sierra Leone, a large black spot
is at the cell-end of the hindwing.

L. euproctina Aur. (21 d) has entirely the habitus of an Euproctis, but the generic marks of Laelia.
Eorewing greyish-yellowish, with 4 orange-yellow transverse stripes and a similar marginal line, between them
4 stripes of blackish powdering. Hindwing yellow. Yola (West Africa). The species was bred from thin yellowish
cocoons that were fastened to the trunks of Adansonia digitata.

IL pactor sp. n. (21 e) likewise resembles Euproctis. Eorewing light yellow with three orange-yellow
oblique stripes, the two basal ones distally broken in an acute angle, a more indistinct orange-yellow marginal
line. Hindwing paler. $ lighter yellow. Natal. types in the Berlin Museum.

L. kitchingi B.-Bak. is questionably ranged here. Head and collar orange-yellow, thorax whitish,
abdomen yellowish. Wings purely white with a black dot on the cross-vein. Eorewing with a black costal-
marginal dot near the base, half of the cell being indistinctly dark-powdered. Expanse: 48 mm. Congo.

L. soloides Holl. Body yellowish, abdomen beneath with 2 rows of black spots. Eorewing white, at
the costal margin and apex darkened, both wings at the cell-end with a round black spot. Expanse: 44 mm.
Congo.

L. micans Wichgr. Body ochreous-yellow, anal tuft brown. Eorewing lustrous creamy, at the cell-end
a brownish-black spot. In area 1 b at the first and second thirds two delicate yellow^ spots. Hindwing lustrous
white. Expanse: 42 mm. German East Africa.

L. basipuncta Joic. & Talb. (21 d). Body ochreous-yellowish, wings dull white, forewing with a
small black subbasal dot on vein 11 and a larger one on the cross-vein, hindwing with a large spot at the cell-
end black, otherwise also white. Uganda.

LAELAROA. By Dr. M. Hering.

163

L. croperoides sp. n. (21 g). As to the wing-contours similar to a Cropera, but structurally to a Laelia. croperoides.
Body orange-yellow, abdomen above white, behind yellow. Forewing greyish-white, costal margin ochreous-
yellowish, hindwing white, both diaphanous. Fringes of an intense gloss. Madagascar. $ type in the Berlin
Museum .

L. eos sp. n. (21 g). Wings broad and short, body pinkish ochreous-yellow. Forewing of a beautiful cos.
pink, tlie postmedian line of dots below vein 4 distally bent, as far as the anal fold in about % of it hemoclirome.

Hindwing pink, towards the base hyaline. Under surface uni-coloured pinkish ochreous. German East Africa.

$ type from Dar-es-Salaam in the Berlin Museum.

L. siga sp. n. (28 g). Body and forewing orange-yellow, powdered with hemochrome. In the forewing siya.
a red subbasal line, a likewise dark antemedian and postmedian line. Hindwing pale pinkish-yellow. $ type
from Mukenge in the Berlin Museum. (Pogge).

L. splendlda S'p. n. (27 g). Body and wings of a magnificent orange-yellow, forewing scantily strewn splendida.
with blackish, a distinct black macula at the cell-end, fringes more or less extensively blackish. Hindwing
with traces of a black subapical band. $ paler, forewing onty powdered with ferruginous brown, hindwing
still lighter, all the veins darker. types in the Berlin Museum from German East Africa.

L. pallidula sp. n. (28 a). Similar to splendida, much paler, whitish-yellow; in pure specimens the pallidula.
forewing is very intensely powdered with blackish, the subbasal area and the postmedian band not being
powdered; $ similar, forewing powdered with blackish, without the dark spot on the cross-vein. types
in the Berlin Museum. German East Africa. It may be a season-form of splendida.

L. leucoptera sp. n. (27 g). Habitus of splendida, also all the markings are the same, but the ground- leucoptem.
colour of the wings is white, slightly tinted yellowish. The black powdering in the forewing is often absent,
type from German East Africa in the Berlin Museum.

L. sericaria sp. n. (28 g) is closely allied to unipunctata Mschlr., but the forewing is in the centre sericaria.
of the cell without a black dot. Forewing white with a silky gloss, with black (sometimes absent) scales at the
cell-end and some similar ones in the marginal area. Hindwing of a duller white. $ type from Uganda in the
Berlin Museum, some more from Togo. — The S3 without black powdering recall Stilpnotia luteipes which,
however, is without an accessory cell in the forewing and has only 1 pair of spurs on the hind tibiae.

L. citrona sp. n. (28 a). Forewing deep lemon-coloured with a blackish-brown dot in the centre of citrona.
the cell and a similar large macula at the cell-end. Fringe in the anterior half blackish-brown. Hindwing orange-
yellow. Under surface orange-yellow. $ type from Bipindi, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum. To this species
probably belongs a from Spanish Guinea with much paler wings.

L. protecta sp. n. Fore wing grey with a fine blackish antemedian line, a broad blackish macula at protecta.
the cell-end and a black postmedian line. Distally to it a broader band, the space between them lighter pale.

Before the margin a series of internerval streaks. Hindwing yellowish-grey, on the cross-vein and before the
margin powdered with blackish. <$ type from the Bang-Manenguba Mts. in the Berlin Museum. Cameroon

L. pseudolacipa sp. n. (27 g). Body white, abdomen ocbreous-yellowish with darker segmental, pseudolaci-
margins. Forewing white with a black dot at the cross-vein and a subterminal row of dots. Hindwing grey, Pa-

at the margin lighter, beneath with a dark dot on the cross-vein, and a subterminal row of dots. $ type from
Uhehe in the Berlin Museum. German East Africa.

L. hyalinula sp. n. (28 e). Body whitish, wings quite purely white, almost transparent, with an intense hyalinula.
gloss. $ type from German East Africa in the Berlin Museum.

62. Genus : Laelnroa gen. nov.

Structurally rather consistent with Laelia and Dasychira, but in the hindwing vein 8 is for a long distance
fused with the cell. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Forewing with an accessory cell, vein 11 separate, 10,

7 and the forked 8 + 9 from the apex of the accessory cell, vein 6 separated from it. In the hindwing 3 + 4
and 6 + 7 forked, vein 5 rising far before the posterior cell-angle. Genotype :

L. flavimargo sp. n. (28 e). Body ochreous-yellow, abdomen above brown. Forewing brown, costal flavimargo.
margin and distal margin yellow, otherwise scantily strewn with whitish-blue scales. Hindwing and under
surface brown, fringe (and costal margin of forewing) yellow. ^ type from Ogruga, Niger, in the Tring Museum.

164

BRACHAROA; STENAROA; DASYARCTIA; RHODE SANA. By Dr. M. Hering.

bistigmige-

rci.

dregei.

quadripunc-

taia.

reducta.

char ax.
paupera.

ignepicta.

g rise a.

63. Genus: Bracliaroa Hmps.

Forewing with an accessory cell, vein 11 from the cell, margin uniformly bent. In the hindwing vein 3 is
nearer to 4 than to 5 or forked with 4. Hind tibiae only with 1 pair of spurs. — Separated from Orgyia
by veins 4 and 5 of the forewing being forked. The $$ are often without wings, the G<S fly in daytime.

B. toistigmigera Btlr., is quite similar to quadripunctata Wllgr. (23 d), but the fringe of the forewing
is dark grey. Eypanse: 27 mm. Nyassa Land. It is questionable whether it is a distinct species.

B. dregei H.-Schaff. (23 d). Eorewing brownish, only the margins ochreous-yellow, hindwing blackish-
brown, proximad only traceably lighter, fringe ochreous-yellow. $ uni-coloured grey, without wings. Expanse
of $ 22 mm. Cape Colony.

B. quadripunctata Wllgr. (23 d). Wings ochreous-yellow, forewing with two black spots on the cross¬
vein. Hindwing with a blackish-brown marginal band. Beneath forewing before the apex extensively blackish-
brown, the blackish-brown marginal band of the hindwing being posteriorly very much narrowed down. South
Africa, Nyassa Land, East Africa. — - $ with short stunted wings, blackish-brown, with ochreous-yellow collar,
tegulae, and segmental margins of the abdomen.

B. reducta sp. n. (23 d) is separated from quadripunctata by the following marks : on the whole smaller,
colour darker ochreous, wings shorter and broader, costal margin and distal margin of forewing more convex.
The black marginal band of the hindwing is uniformly broad (rarely absent), not narrowing down behind.
East Africa. A large series, mostly from Dar-es- Salaam in the Berlin Museum.

B. charax Drc. (22 k). $ and $ similar, varying from ochreous-yellow to orange, forewing with a black
apical third, hindwing with a similar marginal band, both wings with a black spot on the cross-vein. — In
a (J from L. Nyassa this spot is only present on the forewing beneath : paupera form. nov. (22 i). The marginal band
of the hindwing is narrower (Berlin Museum). East Africa. In this species veins 4 and 5 of the forewing are
well separated; it would therefore have to be ranged with another genus.

64. Genus: Steiiaroa Hmps.

Palpi projecting beyond the head, hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. Forewing long and narrow, vein

4 from the cell-angle, 9 and 10 forked, 11 from the cell. In the hindwing 3 nearer to 4, 6 and 7 from the
upper cell-angle.

St. ignepicta Hmps. Body red-brown, head, tegulae, and legs yellow and fiery red. Forewing dark red-
brown, before the centre yellow and fiery red dots in and below the cell. A large spot at the cell-end, small
dots on vein 2 and below the cell-end. Subterminal yellow and fiery red dots between the veins 7 and 6, and

5 and 3. Hindwing dark red-brown. Expanse: 24 mm. Madagascar.

65. Genus: Dasyiirctia Gaede.

Very similar to the preceding genus in the neuration, in the hindwing vein 8 at the base for a long
distance fused with the anterior edge of the cell, veins 3, 4 and 5 almost equidistant. Tibial blade of forelegs
much shorter.

D. grisea Gaede (21 e $, 28 g $). Forewing reddish-grey, bespangled with black dots, at the cell-
end a black spot from which a blackish straight line extends somewhat obliquely to the hind-margin. Postmedian
line only in the posterior portion distinct, where it is almost straight. Hindwing white, with a black spot on
the cross-vein. Forewing beneath at the costal margin red. Body blackish-grey, sides of abdomen red. The
$ probably belonging hereto has a more yellowish-grey ground-colour of the forew ing, w ith very feebly indicated
bands. It lacks the red under surface of the costal margin and the black spot on the cross-vein of the hindwing,
the body being yello wish-white, without red. Cape Colony, German East Africa.

66. Genus: Mliodesasia B.-Balc.

Forewing with an accessory cell, 9 rising from 10 and anastomosing with 8, thus forming the accessory
cell, 7 from the end of the latter; in the hindwing 6 and 7 are not forked.

CASAMA; DASYCRIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

165

Rh. crenulata B.-Bak. Body nut-brown. Forewing sepia-brown, with an antemedian and a median crenulata.
grey spot at the costal margin and a similar one below the origin of vein 2; a velvety brown basal line, a
similar median line which is double in front and separates the grey spots. Cross-vein with a pale macula bordered
by dark. Postmedian line velvety brown, undulate, between the veins 6 to 9 distally bent; a subterminal series
of dark red-brown internerval spots, between the veins 4 and 7 only marked as small dots; this series is parallel
to the post median line. A terminal line is interrupted at the veins. Hindwing whitish grey, postmedianly and
at the margin brownish. Expanse 53 ($) to 74 ($) mm. North-Eastern Rhodesia.

Rh. mintha Faroe. Smaller and redder than the preceding species, postmedian line on vein 3 incurved, mintha.
hindwing with a distinct median line. Expanse only 32 mm. British East Africa.

67. Genus: Casama Wkr. (Thiacidas Wkr.).

This species has already been dealt with in the Indo-Australian Lymantriidae.

C. vilis Wkr., being distributed over South India, is said to occur also in Arabia, Somaliland, and vilis.
Abyssinia. Cf. Vol. N, p. 317, pi. 39 f.

68. Genus: Oasycliira Steph.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, anterior tarsi covered with long hair and scale-pencils, hinder tarsi
without them. Tibial blade of anterior tibiae short, not distally bent. Forewing with an accessory cell from
which vein 10 rises, 9 and 8 being forked, with 7 mostly from the same place, 6 only slightly separated from
the accessory cell. In the hindwing 6 and 7 are forked or rise from the same place, vein 4 nearer to 3 or forked
with it. The 3rd palpal joint is often hidden beneath the hairing of the 2nd. The distinction of this genus from
Laelia is often very difficult in much flown specimens.

D. fusca Wkr. (= tephra H ,-iSchdff., subviridis Wkr.) (23 e). Abdomen without dorsal tufts, forewing fusca.
at the base and in the centre somewhat tinged with greenish, which is often difficult to distinguish in old
specimens. The antemedian and postmedian transverse lines approach each other behind the cell, so that the
greenish median area is narrowed there. Before the margin a row of blackish crescents. Hindwing blackisli-
brown with a dark spot on the cross- vein. A in the Berlin Museum (and 1 $ in the Stockholm Museum ?

[according to Aurivillius]) exhibit between the terminal and postmedian lines besides a dark subterminal

line. The postmedian line is less dentate, the antemedian line is broader, almost straight, running across the

cross-vein, so that the ocellus on it disappears. Hindwing uni-coloured dark brown. The forewing apparently

does not exhibit a greenish tinge. Beneath the hindwing has a double postmedian transverse line instead of

the single one; in case it be a distinct species, it may be named; aurivillii sp. n. (23 e). Cameroon to the Cape aurivillii.

Colony. B type of aurivillii from the Cape in the Berlin Museum.

B. caeruleifascia Holl. (23 cl). Forewing dark brown with an almost straight postmedian dark transverse caeruleifas-
line which, however, is somewhat removed towards the base below the cell, a subterminal broad band of silvery
blue scales, which may often be partly obsolete, the most distinct at the hind-margin. A similarly coloured
marginal line is narrow and composed of small dots. Hindwing blackish-brown, beneath with a spot on the
cross-vein and 1 or 2 indistinct postmedian transverse lines. — In orihogramma form. nov. (23 e) which may orthogram-
be a distinct species, the postdiscal transverse line is mostly double, the proximal line towards the base not ma-

incurved behind the cell; the broad subterminal blue band is extinct, the terminal blue dots are not on the
margin, but a little before it, and the species is somewhat larger and in the forewing more brown. type from
Mokundange, $ type from Lolodorf (Berlin Museum). Both the forms fly at the same habitats. Cameroon.

Ogove.

D. caeca Plotz (= nubilata Holl.) (23 d) must be similar to the preceding species; in the description, caeca.
however, the silvery blue marginal scales of the forewing are not mentioned; antemedian line apparently absent.

Expanse: 35 mm. Cameroon, Gabun.

D. albilinea Holl. (23 e). Like the preceding species, the straight postmedian band whitish, distally albilinea.
margined with dark. Cameroon, Gabun.

D. robusta Wkr. According to the insufficient description the body is above brown, with some white robusta.
hairs, wings brown with many irregular whitish markings, most of them on the forewing. Under surface whitish.

Expanse about 30 mm. Sierra Leone.

D. fumosa Holl. is like albilinea (23 d), but the white line of the forewing is here dark brown. Expanse: fumosa.

35 mm. Ogove.

delicata.

ruptilinea.

chorista.

citana.

punctifera.

peculiaris.

basistriga.

endophaea.

antica.

cameruna.

muscosa.

chlorophila.

notia.

lampra.

gloriosa.

166 DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

D. delicata Holl. (23 e) is easily recognisable by the velvety-brown macula on the hind-margin of the
forewing a little before the centre, a similar longitudinal streak below vein 2 and a similar one on the cross¬
vein and before the margin. Generally above the tornus a white spot. Cameroon to Gabun.

D. ruptilinea Holl. (21 e). Wings more oblong than in delicata, with a velvety brown longitudinal
ray from the base, which is interrupted on the centre of the hind-margin by a violettish-grey spot and contains
a milky white dot in the continuation of the strongly dentate subterminal line. Hindwing light grey. Cameroon,
Ogove.

chorista sp. n. (21 g) resembles ruptilinea, but it is smaller, without a white spot at the tornus.
Ivory Coast. 2 <$<$ in the Tring Museum.

D. citana Schs. Clem. Of this species there are in the Berlin Museum 2 99 which only differ in the
blackish hindwings from the figure, though they are certainly Notodontidae so that the species is presumably
not to be reckoned to the Lymantriidae. Sierra Leone, Cameroon.

D. punctifera Wkr. is scarcely to be identified from the insufficient description: forewing brown,
with numerous white dots which are the most dense at the indistinct and irregular black undulate transverse
lines. Submarginal line composed of black dots. Hindwing brownish ashy-grey. Expanse: 25 mm. Congo.

D. peculiaris Btlr. Forewing blackish in the basal area, with an omega-shaped black marking which
is partly edged with white, a white-edged proximal line, behind it with a slanting, posteriorly yellow oblique
band which widens towards the hind-margin and is traversed by a black transverse line, a sinuate discal line
of black moon-spots, and submarginal spots which are proximally black and distally yellowish-brown. Fringe
blackish with a white basal line. Hindwing white; costal margin, apex, and hind- margin blackish. Forewing
beneath ashy-grey. Hind-margin white, the streak on the cross-vein and the discal line blackish. Expanse
about 37 mm. Madagascar.

0. basistriga Wkr. Habitat not yet known; it may occur in Africa. Forewing brown with some black
longitudinal stripes from the base to beyond 1/3 of the wing, along the distal margin grey, a brown transverse
stripe in the discal area. Hindwing pale brown. Expanse about 25 mm.

D. endophaea Hmps. (23 f). Body blackish-brown, mixed with red-brown and grey, like the forewing.
An indistinct yellowish antemedian spot suffused with red-brown extends from the costal-margin to the posterior
edge of the cell, a similar subterminal one from the costal margin to below vein 3. Subbasal, antemedian,
and median lines indistinct; postmedian line dentate as far as vein 4, then incurved. Subterminal line marked
by blackish-brown spots on its proximal side, then to the margin bent at veins 7 and 6, from vein 4 incurved.
Hindwing greyish- brown. Under surface brownish ochreous with a spot on the cross-vein and 2 indistinct
transverse lines. Expanse: 56 mm. Gold Coast, Cameroon.

D. antica Wkr. ( = albilunulata Karsch, ) (23 e). Forewing wood-coloured- with a blackish-brown
broad longitudinal streak and some similar longitudinal patches, below vein 2 a white crescent. Hindwing light
greyish-brown. Cameroon .

D. cameruna Auriv. (23 f). Forewing olive-brown with dentate black subbasal, antemedian and
postmedian lines being edged with apple-green, and traces of a similar submarginal line. Hindwing brown.
Cameroon, Spanish Guinea.

D. muscosa Holl. is like the preceding species, but besides with a black basal ray and before the
tornus with a brown spot distally bordered with silvery white. Expanse: 34 mm (<J). Gabun.

D. chlorophila sp. n. (21 e) is separated from the similar cameruna by the following marks: the green
markings in the forewing are more olive-coloured, not bluish-green, also more extensive, particularly between
the veins 3 and 4 extending to the margin. The post median line terminates at the hind-margin a little behind
its centre, not shortly before the tornus as in cameruna (23 f). 2 $9 in the Berlin Museum from Cameroon
(type) and Togo.

D. notia sp. n. (21 f, g) likewise resembles cameruna, ground-colour of forewing violettish-grey, but
postmedian line hardly convex, before the macula on the cross-vein a remarkably darker spot, the crescents
at the margin much more convex, brown spots between them and the postmedian line very distinct. Body
darker, but tegulae at the ends whitish-grey. 9 type in the Berlin Museum from Ogove, Gabun.

D. lampra sp. n. (21 g) is lighter than the other species resembling cameruna, in the forewing quite
pale olive-green, with reddish-brown markings, the median area still lighter, distally to the postmedian line
another broad, almost parallel nebulous band, approaching it at the hind-margin. Lunular spots at the margin
finely strigiform convex, not shaded. Hindwing pale ochreous-brown . Under surface uni-coloured light ochreous.
d1 type from Sierra Leone in the Berlin Museum.

D. gloriosa sp. n. (21 g) is likewise allied to cameruna, the green border of the bands on both sides
uniform, quite light bluish-green, strongly contrasting. Antemedian band almost straight, only in the cell

DASYCH1RA. By Dr. M. Hering.

167

with a proximal projection, postmedian line less convex, the lunular line behind it more distinct. Antemedian
and postmedian lines on the fold connected by a green streak. 2 from West Africa in the Berlin Museum,
type from Spanish Guinea.

D. barbara sp. n. (21 g, h). Body olive-greenish, abdomen more yellowish-grey, dorsal tufts blackish, barbara.
Forewing quite olive-green, with olive-brown transverse lines which in the $ are often quite indistinct. Subbasal
line sinuate, terminating in a dark dot on the fold, antemedian line rather little dentate, below the cell slantingly
towards the base to the hind-margin. Postmedian line almost parallel to it, macula on the cross-vein light reddish-
brown, almost parallel to the postmedian line a dentate discal line distally to it, a row of submarginal moon-
spots. Hind wing yellowish-grey, under surface pale straw-coloured. In the similar lampra the moon-spots
before the margin are very convex, in barbara they are strigiform, and in lampra the abdomen is apparently
without liair-tufts. $ $ types from German East Africa in the Berlin Museum.

D. chloroscia sp>. n. (21 h). Body dark olive-green, dorsal tufts blackish-brown. Forewing dark green, chloroscia.
in some places darkened by violettish-brown powdering which is particularly distinct in a dark straight band
from the costal margin across the cross-vein obliquely to 1/3 of the hind-margin. Of the transverse lines there are
some traces at most. Hindwing light brownish-grey, often with a dark spot on the cross-vein. Under surface
yellowish-brown with darker postdiscal stripes. $ type from Togo in the Berlin Museum, type from Cape
Coast in the T. ing Museum, also from Bingerville.

D. pista sp. n. (21 li) is similar to chloroscia, but it lacks the violettish-grey nebulous band in the pista.
forewing, and the transverse lines are more distinct, particularly the almost straight and little dentate ante¬
median line. Hindwing somewhat lighter; under surface pale straw-coloured, without intense dark powdering.

Somewhat larger than the preceding species. 3 from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

O. phylax sp. n. (21 h) is similar to pista, larger, hindwing not powdered with brown, whitish yellow, phylax.
only at the hind-margin with some reddish-brown hairs, but fringes darker. Transverse lines in the forewing
rather indistinct, the most distinct is a sharply dentate line distally to the postmedian line; veins at the margin
brown. Under surface straw-coloured, spot on the cross-vein and traces of the postmedian line brownish. $
type from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum. The 3 species mentioned last differ also considerably
in the $ sexual organ.

D. symbolum sp. n. (21 i). Body ochreous yellowish-brown, dorsal tufts blackish-brown. Forewing symbolum.
beautifully apple-green, marginal area wood-coloured brown beginning from the postmedian line excepting
a green spot proximally bordered with lilac above the tornus, before the margin a double row of blackish-brown
spots. Antemedian line double, at the costal margin and hind-margin lilac; the macula on the cross-vein is
blackhh-brown. Postmedian line double, filled with lilac, hindwing straw-coloured, powdered with a darker
colour. 2 $<§ from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

D. albiapex sp. n. (21 h). Body pollard-coloured white, dorsal tufts blackish-brown. Forewing green, albiapex.
powdered with blackish, all the lines indistinct. Apex dull white, bordered by an arcuate line, below which
there is another white area. Hindwing grey, at the base whitish. $ type from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin
Museum.

D. scurra sp. n. (21 h). Body white, without abdominal tufts. Forewing pale olive-green, with white scurra.
markings: a subbasal, an antemedian, and a postmedian transverse band, each of which encloses a green dentate
line, and a submarginal one with a large proximal tooth on vein 5. Before the margin a series of brownish
lunular spots. Hindwing and under surface white. $ type from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

D. poecila sp. n. (21 h). Forewing olive-coloured brownish -grey, a brown basal spot, a dot about poecila.
in the centre of the cell and a macula at the cell-end are brown, in front of it a rather broad, distally convex
band touching the macula and being very wide at the hind-margin. Postmedian line quite indistinct, behind
it a macular band which is the most distinct at the costal margin, between the veins 4 and 6 and below vein 1 c.

Marginal line quite indistinct, fringe speckled. Hindwing grey. Under surface straw-coloured, powdered with
blackish, with a spot on the cross-vein and 2 postmedian rows of spots. Body olive-green, abdomen grey with
black dorsal tufts. 2 from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

D. rubrieosfa sp. n. (21 i). Forewing light apple-green, powdered with blackish-brown, with a similar rubricosta.
almost vertical strongly dentate antemedian line and distally convex postmedian line, behind it a row of spots.

Macula at the cell-end also blackish-brown. Costal margin and distal margin fine red, fringes red speckled with
blackish; hindwing brown with a rosy tinge, costal margin ochreous-yellow. Under surface reddish ochreous-
yellow, costal margin and distal margin of forewing more red, forewing otherwise darkened by blackish, also
the hindwing more or less powdered with blackish-brown. Body green, beneath yellow, dorsal tufts blackish-
brown. $ type from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

D. allotria sp. n. (23 f). $ habitus recalling that of basalis $, but the ground-colour of the forewing cdlotria.
is dark brown. Tne basal area at % crossed by an indistinct white line. The median area beautifully lilac-grey,
but the brown marginal area prominent between veins 4 and 6 as far as the dark, light-edged macula on the
cross-vein, between 2 and 3 to the cell and below 2 to the basal area. Before the macula a prcximally open white
crescent. Postmedian line blackish, below 1 c proximally white-pupilled. The macular band distally to it below
the costal margin very broad blackish-brown, from veins 3 to 1 c only traceable. Before the margin a fine

achatina.

castor.

pollux.

daphne.

daphnoides.

scitzi.

lignea.

pheosia.

basalts.

168 DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

blackish line. Fringe blackish, at the veins intermixed with bluish-white. Hindwing whitish-grey, at the apex
darker. Dorsal tufts blackish-brown. 2 $$ from Spanish Guinea in the Berlin Museum.

D. achatina sp. n. (26 h). Forewing beautifully lilac-grey with a rosy tinge. Subbasal line ferruginous
brown, antemedian line varying from whitish to yellowish with a sharp distal tooth in the cell. At the same
place with it a ferruginous-brown oblicpie band begins, expanding below the cell into a large ferruginous-brown
spot at the hind-margin, the centre of which is parted by a darker line and which is continued to the base
of vein 2. The macula at the cross-vein is rosy, parted darker by transverse lines. The postmedian line
is dentate, brown, proximally shaded dark, behind it a more or less distinct row of streaks, in which there is
below the costal margin a large velvety brown spot, still farther before it a costal-marginal line. Submarginal
line of dark, proximally light streaks, marginal area behind it rosy, fringe brown. Hindwing brownisli-ochreous,
at the margin darker. Dorsal tufts large, ferruginous-brown. $ type from Spanish Guinea, $ type from Togo,
Misa Hill, in the Berlin Museum.

D. castor sp. n. (21 i). Body varying between light and dark grey with black dorsal tufts. Forewing
violettish-grey, intermixed with greenish. Beneath lea velvety black dot distally light-edged. The antemedian
and median lines are often indistinct; at the cell-end a black crescent, distally open, proximally bordered with
light, from which an oblicpie pale yellowish shadow extends to the costal margin, in which there are beside
the distal half of the macula 2 more black spots ; the space behind it as far as the straight and oblique postmedian
line is darkened. Before the margin a fine black line, below vein 2 suddenly expanded into 2 velvety black
spots. Hindwing grey. type from Cameroon, $ type from Togo, also specimens from Liberia, in the Berlin
Museum.

D. pollux sp. n. (21 i) is separated from castor by the following marks: the basal dot of the forewing
is absent, at the cross-vein there are only 4 black dots, the space behind them is little lighter, behind the post-
median line a row of dots, below vein 2 therein 2 particularly large dots. Hindwing of a variable colouring.
S type from Lolodorf, Cameroon (Berlin Museum), paratypes from the Ivory Coast (Tring Museum).

D. daphne sp. n. (23 f, 27 b). Body varying from whitish to brownish-grey, dorsal tufts blackish.
Forewing whitish or dark grey, subbasal line blackish, distally to it at the hind-margin often a blackish shadow ;
antemedian line double, filled up with ferruginous-brown. Tne postmedian line is very much curved, with a
long proximal borv beneath vein 2, then distally obliquely to the hind-margin, in the $ in the anterior portion
very much expanded like a spot. The submarginal line is fine blackish. Macula at the cell-end whitish, edged
with dark. Hindwing in the <$ white, in the $ light grey. types in the Berlin Museum. German East Africa.

D. daphnoides sp. n. (27 e) is similar to daphne, but the ground-colour of the forewing is olive-greenish
and brown, at the margin violettish-grey; antemedian litre single, postmedian line without a strong proximal
bow beneath vein 2. Macula at the cell-end brownish, hindwing in the $ darker grey, beneath with a discal
dot and transverse line. $ type from Tendaguru in the Berlin Museum.

D. seifzi sp. n. (23 f). Forewing olive-green, powdered with brownish, macula at the cell-end proxi¬
mally bordered with dark brown, behind it a white space which crosses yet the postmedian band and is broadly
extended towards the hind-margin below veins 3 and 2, but does not reach to vein 1 a. Distally to the
postmedian line a dentate blackish-brown transverse line, at the tornus distally broadly bordered with white;
a submarginal blackish line. Hindwing brownish-grey. Body grey. $ type from North-West Cameroon in
the Senckenberg Museum.

D. lignea Btlr. Forewing pinkish-blackish, pale, the proximal half ash-grey, costal margin green-
spotted; a longitudinal streak at the posterior edge of the cell is deep black, of the same colour are a streak
on the cross- vein and internerval streaks at the margin; a spot at the apex and one before it, a line at the centre
of the distal margin, and a triangular spot at the tornus are white, distally narrowly edged with black.
Hindwing greyisli-white, with an indistinct dark submarginal line. Body yellowish-brown, prothorax and tegulae
white-haired. Wings beneath pale ash-grey, the spot on the cross- vein, the discal line, and the submarginal
line are blackish. Forewing with 3 short black stripes before the apex. Expanse about 35 mm. Madagascar.

D. pheosia Hmps. (23 g). Head and thorax grey, mixed with white and red-brown. Ab do men reddish -
ochreous, basally with a black dorsal line. Forewing reddish-ochreous, a red-brown streak below the basal
half of the costal margin, 2 similar streaks in the cell. A curved dark red-brown band from the base along
vein 1, behind the centre upturned, extending to the margin as far as vein 7 ; a thin double streak above it above
the centre of the costal margin, at the end of vein 1 bent upward. Tornal area grey. Cellular macula feebly
defined, thin red-brown streaks below the costal margin before the apex, a thin black marginal line. Hindwing
yellowish- white. In the (figured) $ the hindwing is powdered with brown. Expanse: 42 to 44 mm. Gold Coast,
Cameroon.

D. basalis WJcr. (23 g). Forewing with a light brown basal spot surrounded by blackish-brown; distally
to it a curved brown transverse line. The distal portion of the wing is greyish-brown, towards the costal margin
whitish, with a very undulate post median and sub marginal line, and a brown spot at the costal margin before
the apex. Hindwing white. $ much lighter, whitish-grey, almost hyaline. Sierra Leone, Cameroon.

PubL9.xn.i92r>. DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Herino. 169

D. af finis Holl. (28 f). The resembles that of basalis, but the antemedian band which defines the affini x.
light brown basal spot is incomplete, only representing an almost scpiare spot at the hind-margin. The costal-
marginal half of the forewing is monotonously brown, the marginal and submarginal markings particularly
at the tornus darker and more distinct. Ogove.

D. quinquepunctata Mschlr. (23 g). Forewing whitish-grey, scantily powdered with blackish-brown guinque-
particularly distally, a blackish -brown subterminal row of dots, and 5 similar larger dots around the cross-vein. vunclala
Hindwing ochreous-yellow, the apical part brownish. Forewing beneath greyish -brown, hindwing as above.

Gold Coast.

D. multipunctis Strd. is quite similar to the preceding species, hindwing of a brighter yellow, without mvliipunc-
the red-brown margin, dots at the cross-vein more ring-shaped, behind open, not continued to the costal margin,
marginal area darker, bordered by a black zigzag line. Expanse: 44 mm. East Africa.

D. stigmatica Holl. (23 g). Forewing yellowish-brown, with a blackish macula at the cell-end; in stigmatica.
front of it a sharply curved transverse line, behind it an almost straight postmedian line, finally a lighter
submarginal line set with black dots, the dots being particularly distinct at the apex and tornus. A black
antemedian dot below the cell. Fringe with a light basal line. Hindwing yellowish- white with blackish, more
or less extensive irroration. Cameroon, Cabun. — Larva black, on each of the segments 5 to 10 with two
yellowish- white lateral lines. Tubercles with black hair-pencils, on the dorsum of the segments 4 to 7 one dense
red hair-tuft each. Dorsal glands on the segments 9 and 10 lemon-coloured. Pupa yellowish-brown, thinly
haired, glossy. — In the East African propensa nov. (23 g) the space between the transverse lines is lighter propensa.
than the wing, the fringe has no light basal line, the hindwing is mostly more intensely powdered, the species
somewhat larger. tyPe in the Berlin Museum, from North-East Urundi, German East Africa. In British
East Africa lives aurella Fawc. (21 i) with almost golden yellow forewings exhibiting a curved postmedian aurella.
line. Hindwing almost whitish, with a postmedian black macular band.

D. basifurca Wkr. Forewing prolonged, brown, with a black fork-shaped marking at the base, some basifurca.
black subcostal dots and two dots at the cross-vein. Distal margin very slanting. Hindwing brown. Expanse
about 40 mm. Caffraria.

D. ocellata Holl. resembles stigmatica (23 g), the spot at the cell-end is brown, beneath margined ocellaia.
with a white semicircle, with 1 or 2 black dots. At the apex a somewhat triangular whitish patch in which
there are 3 black subapical spots. Hindwing pale yellowish with a dark submarginal band. Larva similar to
that of stigmatica. Expanse: 28 mm. Cameroon, Gabun.

D. puleherrima sp. n. (21 i) is somewhat similar to pulchra, the whole anterior half being white puicherri-
with a pink or yellowish tint; brown are only the base, a shadow above the centre of the cell, an indistinct ring ma-

at the cell-end and a dot above it, 2 or 3 costal-marginal streaks near the apex. Posterior half dark brown,
before the dentate postmedian line broadly bluish-grey. Abdomen with dorsal tufts. type from Benito.

Spanish Guinea, in the Berlin Museum, paratype from the Gold Coast in the Tring Museum.

D. pulchra Sivh. Body brown, frons and palpi orange-yellow, abdomen grey, with a slight yellow pulchra.
tinge. Forewing in the anterior third whitish, somewhat pink, at the apex purely white; these two parts are
separated by a club-shaped brown band which is contracted in the centre, contains a dark spot below the
costal margin and is margined with yellowish- white. The posterior two thirds of the wing are purple brown,
towards the hind-margin growing paler; 2 brown subapical streaks connect the club-shaped band with the
margin. Hindwing white, with a slight yellowish tinge. Beneath the forewing is yellowish-white, the costal
margin and distal margin brown, with darker longitudinal streaks. Body white. Legs grey, anterior tarsi pink.

Abdomen without dorsal hair-tufts. Expanse about 38 mm. Coomassie.

D. postalba Swh. Head and thorax reddish-yellow with large white spots. x4bdomen purely white, postalba.
without dorsal hair-tufts. Forewing white, tinged with yellowish, with a broad straight reddish-yellow band
in the centre, proximally to it a band of 2 or 3 lines, in some places connected with it. so that different
white spots are produced. Similar lines at the base, at the costal margin and hind-margin connected w ith the
next band, so that a white interior is produced. All the veins are reddish-yellow, also two irregular transverse
lines. Hindwing of a pure white. Expanse about 30 mm. Coomassie.

D. hieroglyphica Swh. Abdomen without dorsal hair-tufts. Body and wings dark brown, forewing hierogly-
with a brown spot on the hind-margin near the base, a large green, white-spotted median area bordered by phica.
a black, w-hite-edged line extending from 4/5 of the costal margin to the hind-margin a little behind its centre,
where it turns round and runs anteriorly, where it ends at x/5 of the costal margin. This line is dentate and
sinuate. In the area there are some brown spots and a whitish area on the proximal side. Besides the forewing
shows an indistinct submarginal line and a terminal line of black, distally yellowish- white crescents. Hindwing
brown, fringe with a yellowish-white basal line. Expanse about 45 mm. Ashanti.

D. sphalera sp. n. (23 g). Body varying from brown to grey, dorsal tuft dark brown. Forewing brown, sphalera.
often mixed with yellowish, particularly at the costal margin the beginnings of the transverse lines. The basal

XIV

99

170

sphaleroi-

des.

m unici pa-
lis.

spargata.

cxtorla.

nubifuga.

miserata.

ocellifera.

clavis.

fuliginosa.

sanguined.

gephyra.

gloveroides.

DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

area being defined by the very convex antemedian line shows a somewhat violet tinge, the postmedian trans¬
verse line is dentate, dark, behind it a row of light-pupilled crescents. Hindwing dark grey. 2 S3 in the Berlin
Museum from Spanish Guinea (type) and Cameroon.

D. sphaleroides sp. n. (23 g) is quite similar, without yellow spots at the costal margin of the
forewing, with a straighter postmedian line. 2 from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

D. municipalis Di.st. ($ = diffusa Dist.). <$: body tan-coloured brown, abdomen pale ochreous,
without dorsal hair -tufts; forewing pale tan-coloured, finely and irregularly powdered with blackish, darker
at the base and cell-end, with a submarginal row of black dots and a discal series of yellow dots below and
at the end of the cell. Hindwing still paler, at the apex somewhat darker. wings yellowish-w hite, costal
margin narrowly pale ochreous; the whole surface irregularly spotted black, more densely in and at the end
of the cell, sometimes in 3 rows beyond it. Expanse: 35 mm. Transvaal, Cape Colony, Natal, Nyassaland.

D. spargata sp. n. (23 h). $ similar to municipalis. Body ochreous-yellowish, fore wing pale yellowish,
the whole surface strewn with blackish scales which are parted by the veins and an antemedian and a postmedian
line, without black marginal dots. Hindwing and under surface white. The distal margin of the forewing on
vein 4 with a small projection. 9 type from Lolodorf in the Berlin Museum. Cameroon.

D. extorta Di.st. ( = hera Drc.) (23 h). Abdomen with dorsal hair-tufts. Forewing greyish-brown,
with irregular darker transverse lines and blackish irroration; darker spots on the cross-vein and distally to
the very much curved postmedian transverse line, those at the costal margin between veins 4 and 6 and one
at the tornus being particularly prominent and characterizing the species. Hindwing with a blackish spot
on the cross-vein, in the $ yellowish-grey or whitish-grey, in the $ more brownish-grey. A very variable species.
South and East Africa.

D. nubifuga Holl. (23 h). Abdomen with dorsal hair-tufts. Eorewing dark brown with darker dentate
transverse lines edged with a lighter colour. A velvety brown spot at the base, distally to it another one on
the hind-margin, then a submarginal row of such spots, of which that before the tornus is the most distinct.
The latter spot is in the £ mostly, in the $ invariably followed by a silvery white dot, whereby the species
is the best recognizable. Cameroon, Gabun.

D. miserata Holl. Body brown, tegulae paler. Forewing brown with numerous black transverse streaks,
a submarginal zigzag line, and a terminal line of small dark streaks. Apical region much paler, where it is
not touched by the transverse lines. At the cell-end an oval whitish macula extending to the costal margin,
bordered with brown and crossed by 2 narrow brown median lines. Hindwing greyish, at the margin lighter.
Expanse: 28 (<$) to 36 (9) mm. Ogove River.

Do ocellifera Holl. (23 h). Abdomen with dorsal tufts, forewing in the basal half dark brown, bordered
by a bluish-grey line despatching proximally in the centre an oblique branch, behind it a white transverse
line widening at the costal margin; the rest of the wing is more olive-brown, in the apex a white zigzag line
towards the base edged with brown, a darker indistinct submarginal line. Hindwing brownish-grey. Under
surface straw-coloured, forewing at the base of the costal margin and before the apex brown. $ the same, larger.
Expanse: 30 (<$) to 40 (9) mm. Cameroon. Gabun.

D. clavis Saalm. (21 i). Forewing brown, mixed with violettish-grey and green. Subbasal line brown,
indistinct, antemedian line olive-brown, proximally margined with light, in the cell a tooth showing towards
the base. Macula on the cross-vein green, bordered with white, this border being pointedly extended towards
the base. Postmedian line indistinct, from it to the apex a dark violettish-grey shadow. Subterminal line
indistinct, distally bordered with white. Belowr vein 2 a deep blackish-brown spot. Hindwing yellowish- white.
Madagascar.

D. fuliginosa Saalm. (24 a). Forewing blackish-brown, powdered with olive-green. Subbasal. ante¬
median and postmedian transverse lines black, dentate, bordered with green. Subterminal line broken up
into spots, a dentate line as fine as a hair, distally bordered with light, on the margin. Hindwing blackish-grey.
Madagascar.

D. sanguinea sp. n. is quite similar to fuliginosa, but the forewing is not powdered with green but
dark red; antemedian and postmedian bands behind less nearing each other, marginal line absent. Hindwing
yellowish -grey, in one specimen from the Comoros blackish-grey. Madagascar. J type in the Berlin Museum.

D. gephyra sp. n. (23 h) is likewise similar to f uliginosa , but without the green irroration, the ante¬
median line is double, at least behind, the space between filled up with red-brown. Postmedian line distally,
subterminal line proximally bordered with red-brown. The species is easily recognised by a deep dark brown
spot between the subbasal and antemedian lines below the cell. Hindwing grey. Abdomen as in the preceding
ones with dorsal tufts. $ type from Tabora in the Berlin Museum. German East Africa, Natal, Congo.

D. gloveroides sp. n. (23 h) is allied to glovera, the postmedian and subterminal lines are separate,
ground-colour of forew ing greyish- white, hindwing of $, mostly also of darkened by greyish. ^9 types from
Spanish Guinea in the Berlin Museum.

DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

171

Do omissa sp. n. (24 a). Markings as in gloveroides, postmedian area very much darkened by brown, omissa.

$ type from Mt. Misa in the Berlin Museum. Togo, Ivory Coast.

D. glovera Swh. Body and forewing somewhat reddish yellowish-white, forewing basally as far as glovera.

1/3 olive-brown, defined by a brown line, with two dents distally. In this brown area a dark subbasal line
and a large yellowish-white spot. A fine, sinuate brown transverse line being incurved on vein 2 and then running
slantingly distally to the hind-margin. A brown stripe crosses it on vein 5, being incurved on vein 2 and running
semicircularly to the costal margin. Before the apex a brown spot. Hindwing and abdomen white, the latter with
dorsal tufts. Expanse: 35 mm. Uganda.

D. umbrensis B.-Bak. Body and wings dark brown. Forewing with three black dots in the shape umbrensis.
of a reverted triangle at the cell-end, with an irregular, strongly dentate postmedian line and a submarginal
row of internerval dots. Expanse: 43 to 48 mm. Uganda.

D. rocana Swh. Forewing basally as far as 1/3 greenish-grey, partly mixed with white, defined by rocana.
a vertical straight black transverse line. The rest of the forewing is olive brown, powdered with grey. A fine
sinuate transverse line from 4/5 of the costal margin, at vein 3 incurved, extends to the centre of the wing, then
it turns distally to the hind-margin near the tornus. A short black subapical line at the costal margin is connected
with the sinuate submarginal line. Terminal line grey. Hindwing white, abdomen grey, dorsal tufts black.

Expanse of wings: 45 mm. Coomassie.

D. basilinea sp. n. (24 a) is similar to rocana, basal area of forewing with 3 black longitudinal streaks, basilinea.
otherwise as rocana. $ type from Cameroon in the Berlin Museum.

D. pytna Drc. Forewung tan-coloured yellowish-brown, at the costal margin darker; a small black pytna.
streak at the base, a large greyish-white spot at the apex, below it 2 or 3 brown spots. Fringe speckled light
and dark. Hindwing pale greyish-brown, two dark brown spots at the margin. Expanse about 40 mm.

Gambia.

D. maligna Btlr. Eorewing at the base whitish-brown, the proximal third black; a broad dark brown maligna.
belt from the costal margin to the hind-margin; the costal margin is blackish-brown from the base to the outside
of this median band, so that the light colouring of the basal area only consists of a large slanting spot. The
distal area is brown, the apical portion whitish with an oblique dark brown spot at the costal margin; a submar¬
ginal row of black, pale-edgecl spots, a terminal row of small black dots. Hindwing whitish-brown with two
indistinctly bent dark discal stripes, the submarginal stripe being rather broad at the apex. Expanse: 33 mm.
Madagascar.

D. phasiana Btlr. (23 i). Forewing with a brown basal area in which there are darker longitudinal phasiana.
streaks, particularly towards the hind-margin, the median area is dark bluish-grey in front, and greenish behind,
marginal area dark bluish-grey for the greatest part, at some submarginal places lighter yellowish-grey,
particularly a spot at the tornus. Hindwing greyish-whitish, towards the margin darker. Madagascar.

D. thermoplaga Hmps. Head and thorax pale brownish-grey with a red-brown longitudinal stripe, thermopla-
Abdomen grey, dorsal tufts black. Forewing olive-grey, powdered with red-brown. A red-brown spot at the
costal margin at the base, below the cell distally prolonged. Conical red-brown spots at the centre of the costal
margin, enclosing a black streak on the cross- vein, and on the hind-margin. Small red-brown subterminal
dots at the costal margin, below veins 5 and 2 and on the hind-margin. Hindw ing ochreous yellowish, powdered
with brown. Fringes of both wings spotted brown. Expanse: 30 mm. Sierra Leone.

D. whitei Drt. (23 i). F 'orewdng varying from brownish-grey to blackish-grey, with a light brown whitei.
longitudinal streak on the hind-margin, which at the place where it touches the median area formed by the
antemedian and postmedian lines projects anteriorly and then extends rather broad to the margin; another
light streak at the apex. Hindwing brownish-grey or blackish-grey. Old Calabar to South Africa. Abdomen
with dorsal tufts.

D. goodii Holl. (23 i). Forewing blackish red-brown with bluish-white markings at the hind-margin goodii.
and distal margin, in the cell and at the transverse lines. Hindwing brow n. Abdomen with dorsal tufts. Cameroon,

Ashanti.

D. libella Swh. Palpi ochreous-yellow and brown. Head and collar white with a few brown hairs, libella.
Forewing greyish-white powdered with brownish-grey, more densely on a thin antemedian line and a broad
median band ; the latter contains a thick black line on the proximal side and a similar distal one which is sinuate
and above the centre distally curved. A similar paler grey line is situate distally to it, as well as traces of a
similar sub marginal line. Hindwing white, abdomen grey with dorsal tufts. Under surface of wings almost
wrhite. Expanse: 35 mm. Ashanti.

D. cromptoni Swh. (24 d). Forewing ochreous-yellowish ; two black subbasal spots, a dark brown cromptoni.
spot in the cell, a white moon-spot on the cross-vein with one small white spot each above and below it, a
vertical antemedian somewhat dentate transverse line, a postmedian brown band from the centre of the hind-
margin straight to % of the costal margin, where it is somew hat incurved ; in this band we notice a fine dentate

172

DASYCHIRA. Von Dr. M. Hering.

gwelila.

albibasalis.

(jabunica.

gonophora.

curvivirga-

ta.

umbricolo-

ra.

albinoiata.

striata.

obscura.

brunnei-
costa .

cedestis.

black line with paler clots. An oblique row of blackish-brown dots parallel to the second line; the lower space
between the first line and the band is lighter ochreous than the rest of the wings. Hindwing pale ochreous-
grev. Body ochreous. Expanse: 34 mm. Old Calabar: Niger River.

D. gwelila Swh. Body and forewing dark grey, almost black, veins somewhat prominent. Feeble
traces of an antemedian, a postmedian and a discal transverse line; a submarginal row of more distinct black
dots close at the distal margin. Hindw ing white, forewing beneath grey, posteriorly white, body and legs white,
legs with brown stripes. Expanse about 35 mm. Gwelil, British East Africa, also in German South West Africa.

D. albibasalis Holl. Body above dark brown, beneath lighter. Forewing reddish-brown with a sub-
marginal band which is darker clouded, and a dark brown longitudinal ray about from the base behind the
cell to the cell-end, where it is interrupted by an indistinct paler brown ring, then continued beyond the cell
to the costal margin which is reached at %. At the base an oval white spot and a series of similar white spots
at the apex. Hindwing pale grey. Expanse: 23 ($) to 30 ($) mm. Ogove River.

D. gahunica Holl. Body dark brown, abdomen pale yellowish-brown, with brown dorsal tufts, under
surface yellowish with a brown lateral stripe. In the forewing the distal angle is produced and the hind-margin
somewhat convex near the base. Fore wing wood-coloured brown, in the centre clouded dark with a bent white
band in the centre of the wing from the costal margin to 1/3 of the hind-margin. This band is widened beyond
the cell and has there on its outside a light line proximally bordered with brown which terminates at
the origin of vein 4 in a light white dot. The marginal area with a few' whitish spots at the costal margin and
hind-margin. On the distal margin a row of black dots. Hindwing yellowish- white. Expanse: 24 mm. Gabun.

D. gonophora Holl. Forewing brown, in the cell and at the costal margin darker, crossed by a broad
dark brown line rising before the apex, where it is broadest, and extending almost to the centre of the hincl-
margin, where it is continued parallel to the hind-margin almost to the base. [It is proximally bordered by
an interrupted row of erect dark brown velvety scales. At the base a longitudinal ray of the same colour. At
the distal area the forewing is darker clouded, with minute spots of black erect scales; a small triangular spot
is situate near the transverse line. On the distal margin a row of small spots of dark erect scales. Hindwing
grey, at the distal margin the darkest. Expanse: 33 mm. Gabun.

D. curvivirgata KarscJi. (23 i) is similar to gonophora, but the transverse band of the forewiug much
lighter than the ground-colour, varying between yellowish-brown and whitish, on the inside not bordered by
velvety brown scales, only two such spots or streaks in the cell and a longitudinal streak at the base. The small
black spots at the distal margin are absent. Only in the $ the hindwing is grey, in the yellowish-white with
a grey indistinct submarginal line. Togo, Cape Colony.

D. umbricolora Hmps. (23 i) is similar to the following species, smaller, all the transverse lines indistinct,
a thin white streak on 1 c, connecting the antemedian and postmeclian lines. Expanse: 32 to 34 mm. South
Nigeria.

D. albinotata Holl. (23 i). Body brown, antennae with a white basal dot, abdomen apparently without
dorsal tufts. Forewing dark brown with indistinct darker spots and streaks and above and below the origin
of vein 2 with a bluish-white macula. About in 1/z of the cell a white spot. At the margin a row of light inter-
nerval spots. Hindwing blackish-grey. Cameroon, Gabun.

D. striata Holl. is said to resemble albinotata c ' even to be identical with it. Forewing with a distinct
ring of erect scales at the cell-end, behind it with a dark transverse line being on both sides bordered with
white. Expanse: 38 mm. Gabun.

D. obscura Holl. is said to resemble the preceding ones, forewing brown with small yellowish and
whitish spots near the base and at the hind-margin, the largest at the tornus. A similar row of spots before
the apex. Basal, median, and submarginal transverse lines dark, partly on both sides bordered with light.
Hindwing brown with a dark spot on the cross-vein, and indistinct median and submarginal lines. Under
surface yellowish-brow n with a dark spot on the cross-vein, filled up with light brown. Expanse : 38 mm. Ogove.

D. brmtraeicosta Holl. (24 b). Abdomen with dorsal tufts. Forewing greyish-yellowish with a blackish
costal-marginal spot which also occupies part of the cell and sometimes coheres with a similar one at the
hind-margin, distally bordered with white. In the light basal area a dark spot. Marginal area red-brown w ith a
black, distally light-edged spot before the centre of the distal margin, by which the species is easily recognised.
Hindwing yellowish-grey. Cameroon, Gabun.

D. cedestis sp. n. (24a) chiefly differs from strigidentata in the following marks: orange-red spots
at the margin of the forewing absent, the space behind the 2nd postmedian band being lighter lilac-grey, sub-
marginal line distinct, hindwing without a black spot at the cross-vein, also beneath with a black submarginal
band. 2 ^ from Spanish Guinea in the Berlin Museum.

DASYC'HIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

173

D. strigidentata B.-Bak. (24 b). Yellowish-brown, forewing darker, with a red-brown subbasal cellular strigidenta-
spot touching the double antemedian line. Macula at the cell-end dark, surrounded with light; postmedian
line double, below vein 2 projecting far proximad, behind it a red-brown marginal area enclosing variable
orange-red spots and grey spots which are partly bordered with white. Hindwing ochreous-yellow, spot at
the cross-vein and at least the distal margin blackish-brown. Lagos, Spanish Guinea. Gabun.

D. horrida Swh. (24 a). Dark brown, abdomen at the base somewhat whitish. Forewing olive-brown; honida.
a proximal, distally curved, rather sinuate blackish-brown transverse line, a moon-spot at the cell-end, an
almost straight and vertical discal line; marginal spots black, spotted white. Hindwing somewhat paler,
marginal line dark ochreous. Expanse: 38 mm. Old Calabar.

D. pulchripes Auriv. Foi’elegs yellow, mixed with brown and white. Forewing silky white, veins, pulchripes.
an interrupted median band before the apex obliquely to the hind-margin near the base and a broad marginal
band growing narrower towards the apex are blackish-grey. Hindwing silky white. Expanse : 24 mm. Cameroon.

D. plagiata Wkr. (21 f). White, forewing with a brown spot at the base, a brown wedge-shaped spot, plagiata.
widening along the distal margin, and a large almost square spot on the centre of the costal margin. Hereto
probably belongs the figured specimen from the Tring Museum from Bingerville, Ivory Coast, although the
prothorax does not exhibit the brown band mentioned by Walker. The forewings of the fresh specimens
seem to exhibit a somewhat greenish tinge. Abdomen without dorsal tufts. Another specimen in the Berlin
Museum has only the margin narrowly margined with brown as far as the apex, the forewing being more of
a brownish tinge. Bipindi.

D. deplagiata sp. n. (24 a). Forewing yellowish-white, a broad blackish-brown spot at the hind-margin deplagiata.
before the tornus, a dot at the cell-end, traces of blackish irr oration at the hind-margin and marginal area,
blackish marginal spots at the apex, at veins 5 and 3. hindwing of a pure white. Cameroon. $ type in the
Tring Museum from Bitye.

D. ampliata Btlr. White, forewing strewn with a smoky brown colour, crossed by two irregular ampliata.
transverse lines, the proximal one bordered by more brown scales, the distal one proximally bordered with
blackish, distally with grey. A greyish indistinct submarginal line followed by a thin undulate black line. On
the distal margin a grey thin line. Hinclwing suffused with a pale smoky brown colour, except at the costal
margin. Expanse: 85 to 90 mm (9). Madagascar. Its exterior is said to be entirely the same as that of the
Brazilian Lymantriid Lobeza ctglone H .-Schdff.

D. denudata sp. n. (24 d). Quite similar to ampliata, the antemedian line not bordered with red-brown, denudala.
the terminal line is absent, between the subterminal line and the margin the veins are black, at the cell-end
a rarely absent black dot. $ with more faded markings. Madagascar. $$ type from Diego Suarez in the Tring
Museum.

D. georgiana Faivc. (24 c). Wings white, forewing with blackish transverse lines, hindwing towards georgiana.
the hind-margin with blackish hair. Body wdtite, abdomen orange-yellow with black dorsal spots. South Africa.

- Larva on Elephantorrhiza, velvety brown, with red and grey tubercles and very long hair-tufts which are
yellow; on the 4th to 7th segments the dorsal tubercles are fused and exhibit shorter grey tufts. The pupa
with yellow- ish and black markings in a thin web constructed of the yellow hair of the larva.

D. tessmanni sp. n. (24 b, c) is like georgiana,.. but the forewing has a brownish-white ground-colour, tessmanni.
the abdomen is above scarlet w ith black dorsal tufts. A large number collected by Tessmann in the Uam
District, in the Berlin Museum.

D. octophora Hmps. Similar to tessmanni. Forewing with more distinct and more numerous black odophora.
lines, besides separated by the following marks: a black streak between the antennal bases, antennal pinnae
blackish, tegulae behind margined with black, thorax with black spots, abdomen ochreous-w bite with blackish
dorsal and lateral bands. Hindw ing with darker spots around the apex, and an indistinct subterminal band,
at the distal margin a series of small black stripes. Expanse: 38 mm (<J). South Africa.

D. polia sp. n. (24 b). Similar to the preceding ones, but the forew ing is distinctly dark grey with darker polia.
lines and partly whitish brightenings, a particularly distinct dark median shadow over the cross- vein and the
origin of 2 to the hind-margin, in the $ distinct as a spot on the fold. Much lighter are also the post median
and limbal lines, before the margin a series of dark spots. Hindwing white, abdomen above yellow with black
dorsal tufts. Markings of $ paler. types from the Uam District in the Berlin Museum, also from Transvaal.

D. grandidieri Btlr. Forewing silky drab, scantily strewn with black scales, with 4 white zigzag transverse gra> didieri.
lines which are more or less strewn w ith large black scales and spotted orange-yellow7 . A marginal row of white-
edged orange spots is speckled black; a similar spot at the cell-end. Hindwing white. Body whitish-brown,
collar behind spotted wrhite and black, abdomen wdth black dorsal spots. Expanse: 53 mm. Madagascar.

D. vibicipennis Btlr. Forewdng dark ash-grey, powdered with white, in the $ whitish ash-grey; veins i -ibicipen-
white, a basal transverse band, two undulate bands of moon-spots, a double streak at the cross-vein, two more nis-

problemati-

ca.

gentilis.

chela n la.

acrisia.

crausis.

conj uncti-
fascia.

ertli.

elegans.

pastor.

ila.

beryinanni.

b idler i.

subochra-

cea.

174 DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

or less distinct, slantingly placed subapical spots and a series of marginal spots rust-coloured. Hindwing pale
brownish-yellow, distally in the $ darker. Thorax yellowish-brown, tegulae somewhat whitish, abdomen
yellowish-brown, segments behind whitish. Expanse about 50 to 75 mm. Madagascar.

D. problematica sp. n. (24 c). Body of a bright ochreous yellow, tarsi and antennal shaft black.
Forewing orange-red with black markings mixed with bluish-white : a basal spot, subbasal, antemedian, median,
post-median, and submarginal transverse bands. Fringe brown. Hindwing yellow, at the margin diffusely
darkened, fringe yellow. <$ type from Madagascar in the Berlin Museum.

D. gentilis Btlr. (24 d). Similar to the preceding species, forewing chalky wrhite and densely dotted
black except at the margin. Basal band composed of 3 spots, at the cross-vein 5 spots, all the bands and spots
red-brown. Hindwing straw-coloured. Madagascar.

D. chelonia Le Cerf. Forewing yellowish- white, base black with a broad black median band, its
proximal margin curved, the distal margin projecting between the veins 3 to 5 and enclosing two white spots,
one at the costal margin above the cell-end, the other at the base of cells 3 and 4, reaching to 1 c. Distally
to the median band another band of black spots, enlarged at the hind-margin. Hindwing orange-yellow. In
the $ the transverse bands of the forewing are only present as lines. Expanse: 74 to 83 mm. Madagascar.

D. acrisia Pltz. (24c). Forewing yellow with red transverse bands: a basal one, twro subbasal lines
being united at the hind-margin, a postmedian one and a terminal one; red are besides the veins and a longi¬
tudinal streak in the cell. Between these lines 4 transverse stripes of spots powdered with blackish. Hindwing
varying from yellowish to somewhat reddish. The form crausis Drc. (24 c), apparently predominating at
Lake Nyassa. hardly exhibits yet the yellow ground-colour, because the black spots are much expanded and
fill the spaces between the red lines as broad bands. — In conjursctifascia Joic. <f- Talb. the antemedian and
postmedian black bands are fused. West and East Africa.

D. ertli Wichgr. is very similar to crausis (24 c), but the hindwing is red with a black marginal band.
Expanse: 28 mm. Angola.

O. elegans Btlr. Forewing snow-white, strewn with black scales, particularly in the basal third which
is bordered by a brown transverse line. Veins brown. A slanting postmedian black zigzag line, distally to it
a black spot at the costal margin, below the latter an irregular brown band. A sinuate black discal line is
anteriorly connected with the zigzag band. The marginal area being pow dered w ith black contains a marginal
row of white dots. Hindwing ochreous-yellow, in the cell greyish, and with an indistinct dark distal margin.
Expanse: 51 mm. Madagascar.

D. pastor Btlr. (24 e). Forewing apple green w ith blackish-brown subbasal antemedian and post¬
median lines, the latter being anteriorly convex, between them with scattered white spots, a white base and a
whitish submarginal line. Between the 1st and 2nd transverse stripes the space is grey filled up by a blackish
spot at the costal margin and a larger one behind the cell. Cross-vein with a 3-shaped macula, before the white
submarginal line some blackish spots, particularly between veins 3 and 4. Hindwing pale grey; thorax and
dorsal tufts of abdomen rust-coloured yellow, mixed with wFite. Madagascar.

D. ila Swh. Forewing grey, powdered with darker grey, with 6 sinuate transverse bands of brown
moon-spots : two antemedian ones near the base, Dvo median ones (terminating in a moon-spot- on the cross-vein),
a distally curved discal one and a submarginal one, composed of sometimes double dots. Fringe with double
dots, hindwing and abdomen white, under surface purely white. Abdomen w ith dorsal tufts. Expanse : 35 mm.
Ashanti.

D. bergmanni Swh. Forewing olive-green with a brownish stigma at the cell-end. scantily powdered
with brown, with 8 indistinct brown transverse bands enclosing, particularly distally, dentate white and brown
transverse lines. Marginal line blackish-brown, fringe ochreous-yellow isli, w ith a grey median line and blackisli-
brown spots at the ends. Hindwing pale ochreous yellowish-brown like the abdomen, with blackish-brown
dorsal tufts. Expanse about 60 mm. Ashanti.

D. butler! Swh . nom. nov. (moerens Btlr.) (24 d, e). Forewing lilac grey with black basal, antemedian,
and distally curved postmedian transverse lines, as well as a double streak at the cross- vein, all of them edged
w ith dark green. The 2nd and 3rd lines exhibit at- the costal margin a chalky white spot-. Marginal area greenish
with black submarginal crescents. Hindwing whitish or grey. Madagascar.

D. subochracea Auriv. Body and forewing dark greyish-brown, abdomen, hindwing above and both
rings beneath of a bright- ochreous-yellow colour. All the tarsi are long-haired. Forewing basally and at the
margin lighter violettish-grey with a brown postmedian line which projects very much towards the margin
at vein 5 and is bordered with white between vein 5 and the costal margin ; between this line and the apex a
white spot. 2 fine brown submarginal lines. Abdomen with black dorsal spots. Expanse: 43 mm. Kilima¬
njaro,

DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

175

D. leniuria sp. n. (21 c, 2.7 a). Wings of a pure white, in the <$ on the cross-vein of the forewing a lemuria.
blackish macula, above it a black spot at the costal margin, sometimes the hindwing with a black shadow at
the margin above the tornus. Body white, antennal pinnae red-brown, abdomen with the exception of the
base above dark yellow with black dorsal tufts. Expanse: 30 (d*) to 58 ($) mm. type from Madagascar in
the Berlin Museum ; $ type from Mohanoro and several paratypes in the Tring Museum, also from the Comoro Is.

D. ugandensis .sp. n. (27 e). In the contours of the wings similar to lemuria. Body white, abdomen uqandcn-
pale ochreous-yellow, palpi outside blackish, as well as the antennal pinnae; a dot at the antennal ba'se, and
the femora above red. Wings white, veins of forewing white, but margined with brownish. type from Entebbe
(Uganda) in the Tring Museum.

D. ursina sp. n. (24 e) in the habitus resembles an Arctiid. Body straw-coloured, abdomen above ursina.
with scarlet transverse bands, except at the 1st segment which shows an orange dorsal tuft. Forewing silky
brownish straw-coloured, transverse lines very indistinct, hindwing and under surface lustrous yellowish- white.

9 type from East Transvaal in the Berlin Museum.

D. suspecta sp. n. (26 h). Body brownish-yellow, forelegs dark brown. Wings above ochreous yellow , suspecta.
fringes and forewing in the marginal area somewhat darker, forewing at the costal margin before the apex
with a faded brown small hook and with traces of a not dentate postmedian line. Under surface darker, red-
brown, only forewing in the hindmarginal half and on the upper surface yellow. Both wings with a crescent
on the cross-vein darker, distally to it 2 distally very convex transverse lines. In the forewing before the apex
1 or 2 black spots, a milky white moon-spot in the centre of the cell and whitish irroration below the costal
margin as far as the centre of the wing . Apex of forewing somewhat produced. Expanse : 44 mm. Sierra Leone.

£ type in the Tring Museum.

D. laeliopsis sp. n. (27 e). Body ochreous yellowish-brown, dorsal tufts blackish. Eorewing wood- laeliopsis.
coloured brown, the median area being enclosed by the dark, proximally light-edged antemedian and post¬
median lines is darker; macula at the cell-end indistinct. Behind the postmedian line and right before the
margin one row' each of dark dots. Hindwing yellowish-grey with a darker submarginal line. Under surface
straw-coloured, the spot on the cross-vein and 1 or 2 transverse lines blackish. 2 $$ from Bingerville, Ivory
Coast, in the Tring Museum. The $ probably belonging to it has the same scheme of markings, but the ground¬
colour of the forewing is light olive greenish brown. $ type from Lolodorf. Cameroon, also specimens from
Spanish Guinea.

D. mediofasciata sp. n . (24 e). Basal half of forewing dark brown, before its end the darker antemedian mediofas-
line. Median area as far as the postmedian line whitish, in it the brown macula at the cell-end. Marginal area
lighter brown than the basal area with traces of a dark transverse line bordered with white, at the costal margin.

Hindwing greyish, towards the margin darker. Under surface yellowish straw-coloured. Body brown, dorsal
tufts black. 1. cf from German East Africa with quite straw-coloured hindwings. 5 £6 'n the Berlin Museum
from Spanish Guinea, Cameroon. German East Africa, type from Alen.

D. tharaatos sp. n. Body greyish-brown, abdomen above dark, with light rings, beneath brownish lhanatos.
ochreous. Dorsal tufts blackish. Fore wing greyish-brown, intermixed with pinkish-white. Antemedian line
double, both as distant from each other as the first is from the subbasal line, the former with a blackish proximal
ray, all being distally margined with whitish . Median area darker with a very large light macula broadly margined
with dark at the cell-end. Postmedian line undulate, very convex, on both sides margined with light; distally
to it an irregular row of blackish-brown spots, the largest spots between veins 5 and 7 ; before the margin a
row of proximally open crescents, with speckled fringes. Hindwing grey, fringes likewise speckled. Under
surface dark grey with a broad straw-coloured marginal area of both wings. $ type from Spanish Guinea,
rf type from Bipindi, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

D. tabema sp. n. (27 b). Body blackish mixed with red-brown, abdomen grey, dorsal tufts blackish, iaberna.
Forewing red-brown, shaded with sooty black in the cell and distally to it as far as behind the postmedian line
and in a stripe before the submarginal line. Antemedian and postmedian line, the macula at the cell-end, a
short basal streak below 1 c, and the submarginal line of moon-spots dark brown. Fringes uni-coloured blackish,
but mixed with light grey. Hindwing brownish-grey, basally lighter. $ type from the Uam District in the
Berlin Museum.

D. tomiplaga -sp. n. (27 a). Body brownish-grey, abdomen lighter, dorsal tufts dark. Forewing greyish- iomiplaga.
brown, in some places mixed with olive-green, particularly in the cell and on a spot above the tornus. Ante¬
median line double, at the hind-margin single, postmedian line below' vein 3 inwardly convex, submarginal
line irregular; all the lines dark brown. The area between the post-median line and submarginal line with light
ferruginous spots margined with whitish. Hindwing brownish-grey. $ type from the Uam District in the
Berlin Museum. The East African nigerrinia subsp. 7iov. (27 e) has the same scheme of markings, but the w hole nigerrima.
forewing is powdered with blackish, of the olive-green tornal spot only the proximal border is preserved as a
blackish-browm spot, also the hindwing and under surface darker blackish. 9 type from German East Africa
in the Berlin Museum.

nebulifera.

sagittipho-

rn.

acroleuca.

leucostig-

mata.

scotina.

leucogram¬

ma.

viol ace a.

1 oxo gram¬
ma.

xylopoecila.

hypocrita.

hastifera.

pluto.

1 7<> DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hebino.

D. nebulifera sp. n. (27 b). Forewing wood-coloured, transverse lines ajid macula at the cell-end blackish-
brown. Antemedian line with a proximal sharp tooth on 1 c, postmedian line not very convex. Submarginal
line only in some dots between veins 2 and 5 more distinct. A dark cloudy spot between the subbasal and an¬
temedian lines at the costal margin, not crossing vein 1 c downward, another similar spot at the distal margin
between the veins 2 and 7, almost extending to the postmedian line. Fringes speckled. Hindwing brownish-
grey. Body brownish grey; abdomen grey with somewhat darker dorsal tufts. $ type from German East Africa
in the Berlin Museum.

D. sagittiphora sp. n. (24 &). Forewing brown with a dark blackish-brown very short basal ray, behind
it a transverse area of violettish-grey irroration; antemedian line downward distally oblique, median area
powdered with violettish-grey, but macula brown, with a darker margin. Distally to the postmedian line another
transverse line extended in several sagittae to the margin, thus piercing the submarginal row of dots. Fringe
speckled. Hindwing grey. Under surface straw-coloured with a discal dot and a postmedian band dark. Body
brownish-grey, dorsal tufts blackish. 3 $$ from Spanish Guinea in the Berlin Museum.

D. acroleuca sp. n. (27 f) resembles the following, white spots accumulated at the apex, in the apex
itself the largest of the white dots. The area distally to the cross-vein is lighter. $ type from Mohanoro. Mada¬
gascar, in the Tring Museum.

D. leucostigmata sp. n. Forewing dark brown, in some jdaces clouded lighter. Transverse lines indis¬
tinct, blackish, but bordered with numerous white dots, particularly in the transverse line situate behind the
postmedian line, the most distinctly pronounced before the apex and at the tornus. The $ has fewer white
dots, but always 2 before the apex and a larger one above the tornus. Hindwing grey, in the basally
lighter. $ type from the Ukami Mts. (Berlin Museum), $ type from Kyambu (Tring Museum), East Africa.
Hereto probably also belong specimens from Bingerville and Spanish Guinea. The number of white dots is
apparently very variable.

D. scotina sp.n. (24 e). Scheme of markings as in leucostigmata, but all the white dots are absent;
transverse bands only very feebly lighter, forewing very much darkened, monotonous. 3 in the Berlin Mu¬
seum from the Uam District. An otherwise entirely similar from German East Africa has white hindwings,
only the apex being brownish.

D. leucogramma sp. n. (27 f). Forewing dark brown, antemedian line at the costal margin as far as
the cell and postmedian line entirely on both sides margined with pinkish- white, behind them an irregular,
distally partly white line and a dark submarginal line. At the cell-end an interrupted dark macula. Above
the tornus a dark spot. Body dark grey, dorsal tufts blackish. type from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin
Museum.

0. violacea sp. n. (24 g). Scheme of markings as in leucogramma. Forewing without any white,
mixed with a lighter violettish grey, macula at the cell-end mostly large and black. In the hindwing beneath
the two transverse lines are more remote than in leucogramma , interrupted by spots. 2 $$ from Lolodorf.
Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

D. loxogramma sp. n. Forewing parted by an oblique whitish line extending from the apex to the
centre of the hind-margin. The anterior portion is almost unicoloured ferruginous, the portion behind it
containing the postmedian transverse line is blackish-grey, but the marginal area with the blackish submarginal
row of dots is again red-brown. The blackish portion is more or less powdered with lilac grey or whitish which
colour may predominate therein. Hindwing grey like the body, dorsal tufts dark brown. The colouring of
the forewing is very variable. 4 $$ from Lolodorf in the Berlin Museum. The <$ doubtfully placed hereto is
dark brown in the fore wing and shows in the direction of the oblique band a light brown brightening.

D. xylopoecila S'p. n. (27 e). Forewing chocolate-brown with a dark basal streak below margined
with white, hind-margin light red-brown. Macula at the cell-end orange-oclireous, edged with black, distally
in front of it a pinkish wood-coloured spot, extended to the apex, crossed by the darker dentate postmedian
line. Between veins 2 to 5 before the margin 2 or 3 white spots. Hindwing and abdomen grey, dorsal tufts
blackish, thorax ochreous-yellowish : $ type from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

D. hypocrita sp. n. (27 a). Forewing dark brown; median area tinted violettish-grey, at the hind-
margin with a large yellowish- white, anteriorly blue spot. The transverse line behind the postmedian line
with sharp dents to the margin, on vein 1 c with a white dot. Hindwing and body dark brown. $ type from
Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

D. hastifera sp. n. (27 d). Forewing red-brown, mixed with a lighter colour, with black markings.
Antemedian line connected with a basal streak, at the hind-margin entirely incurved towards the base, post-
median line double, its proximal border at the hind-margin running to the antemedian line, the distal one between
veins 1 c and 2 and between 4 and 5, and 5 and 6 extended to the margin. Cellular macula above vein
4 extended to the postmedian line. Hindwing yellowish-grey, powdered with pinkish-brown. Body and
dorsal tufts pinkish-brown. type from Tabora, German East Africa in the Berlin Museum, paratype from
Agoniland in the Tring Museum.

D. pluto sp. n. (27 c). Forewing brownish-grey, mixed with whitish, particularly before the ante¬
median line and around the postmedian line. The former double, divergent at the hind-margin, with a distal

Publ. 11. XII. 1926.

DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

177

tooth on the posterior margin of the cell. Distally to the broad white-edged postmedian line another strongly
dentate line, another submarginal lunular line. Macula at the cell-end darker, this darkening being continued,
particularly over the tornus. Hindwing light grey, at the margin darker. South African specimens are more
monotonously coloured and show hardly any white in the forewing. $ type from the Uam District in the
Berlin Museum.

D. blasphemia sp. n. (24 g). Body grey, abdomen with a black dorsal line. Forewing brownish-grey; blasphemia.
antemedian and postmedian lines double, the space between them as well as the subbasal area lighter, at the
cell-end 2 or 3 dark dots, before the margin 2 rows of dark crescents being distally light-pupilled. Hindwing
greyish-brown, fringes speckled. East Africa, $ type from Bangamoyo in the Berlin Museum. In the South
African xanthochronia nov. subsp. the abdomen is yellow, the ground-colour of the forewing yellowish-brown, xanthochro-
the central area not lighter. $-type vom Verulam in the Berlin Museum.

D. albimaculata -sp. n. (27§&). Body greyish-brown, also the forewing which shows a white macula albimacu-
filled with yellowish at the cell-end. Subbal, antemedian, postmedian, and a fine submarginal line darker.

Central area violettish-grey . Hindwing white. type from Verulam, Natal, in the Berlin Museum.

D. zena sp. n. (27 c). Body dark brownish-grey, dorsal tufts blackish. Forewing brown, basal area zena.
dark violettish-grey and powdered with green. Antemedian line double. Postinedian line below vein 2 very
much removed towards the base, the line behind it indistinct, submarginal line composed of internerval spots.

Macula on the cross-vein dark, continued to the costal margin, in front of it greenish and violet costal-marginal
irroration. Hindwing greyish-brown. Under surface straw-coloured. Madagascar, ,^-type from Diego Suarez
in the Tring Museum.

D. ania sp. n. (27 c). Body blackish-brown, abdomen lighter, dorsal half blackish. Forewing olive- ania.
greenish brown, extensively clouded with black, particularly in the distal portion; the postmedian line extends
to the tornus. Hindwing whitish, darkened by brownish. 2 from Diego Suarez, Madagascar, in the Tring
Museum.

D. rhopalum sp. n. (27 b). Body brown, dorsal tufts darker, forewing brown, transverse lines indistinct, rhopalum.
a spot before and at the cell-end, the macula dark brown, at the hind-margin a large dark velvety brown spot,
bordered by the posterior margin of the cell and vein 2, behind by the submarginal line. Hindwing grey. <T type
from Cameroon in the Berlin Museum.

D. longistriata sp. n. Body yellowish-grey, forewing yellowish-grey, powdered with dark, particularly longistriata.
in a long ray extending from the base through the centre of the wing almost to the margin. The marginal area
and the cell are more or less powdered with violettish-grey. Antemedian and postmedian lines indistinctly
blackish. Before the margin between veins 4 and 7 three black triangular spots being posteriorly divergent
with the distal margin, distally bordered with light. Veins in the distal portion lighter than the ground-colour.

Below % of vein 2 a light dot. Hind wing greyish-brown. Under surface wood-coloured, powdered with dark,
fore wing with the sub marginal spots and a dark cross- vein, hindwing with a large spot on the cross- vein, and
1 to 3 submarginal spots. 2 $$ from Spanish Guinea in the Berlin Museum.

D. grammodes sp. n. (27 f) in the habitus somewhat like a Laelia. Body and forewing ochreous- grammodes.
yellowish with blackish dots in a postmedian indistinct row below vein 4 scarcely distally curved, more distinct,
then developed along the fold (1 c), where it represents an incomplete double row, above and below the fold, a dot
at the cell-end, a similar row also on the hind-margin. Hind wing greyish-brown. Undersurface lighter, hindwing
with a blackish median spot. type from Madagascar in the Berlin Museum, paratype in the Tring Museum.

D. pais sp. n. (27 d). Body yellowish-grey, forewing brown, the whole costal margin brightened up by pais.
white, scantily powdered with blackish, macula at the cell-end obliquely extended, pinkish-brown, behind
it besides 3 indistinct transverse lines. Hind wing and under surface greyish brown. Ivory Coast. $-type from
Bingerville in the Tring Museum.

D. pachytaenia sp. n. (27 d). Body brownish, mixed with grey, antennal shaft white, abdomen yellow, pachytae-
Forewing lilac-grey, in some places powdered with a darker colour. Antemedian line blackish, with a sharp ,ua-

distal tooth in the centre of the cell, connected with the similar subbasal line by veins being powdered with
blackish and whitish. Postmedian line blackish, below vein 2 with a large white, distally open crescent, behind
it a blackish spot. In the central area from the cell-end to (A of the hind-margin a red-brown broad line.

Behind the postmedian line another transverse line which defines an almost purely lilac-grey marginal area.

Marginal line blackish, fringe red-brown speckled with yellowish. Hind wing yellowish hyaline, iridescent, in
the marginal area darker, marginal line yellow. $ type from Kibwezi, British East Africa in the Tring Museum.

D. chlorobasis sp. n. (27 d). Body red-brown, beneath lighter, dorsal tufts blackish. Forewing brown, chlorobasis.
basal quarter green, crossed by the double dark subbasal line. Antemedian line in front double, between the
cell and 1 a indistinct. Blackish spots below the cell-end. Postmedian line feebly dentate, dark brown, between
veins 5 to 7 deep black, behind it an indistinct lighter line, adjoining to it between the veins 5 and 7 a large
lilac grey spot, a similar one at the tornus. Submarginal line indistinct. Hindwing straw-coloured, at the tornus
a black spot, fringes brown, under surface straw-coloured with dark brown subapical spots. £ type from Uelleburg,

West Africa, in the Berlin Museum.

XIV

23

178

DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

sublutes-

cens.

magnified.

subflava.

enos.

viola .

mascarena.

melochlora.

cangia.

prasina.

malgassica.

gnava.

macrodonta.

D. sublutescens Holl. (24 f). Forewing tan-coloured with a round cross-vein ring, before and behind
it numerous irregular sinuate transverse lines. At the costal margin dark zigzag-spots, at the base a transverse
line, a submarginal and a terminal row of sagittary spots. Hindwing basally pale ochreous-yellow, at the margin
clouded with brown. Beneath both wings are pale ochreous, at the margin brownish. Expanse: 43 to 53 mm.
Gabun.

D„ magnifica Hmps. Body brown, mixed with yellow and black. Abdomen orange, dorsal tufts black,
black segmental rings and anal tufts. Forewing pale red-brown, powdered with black, a postmedian band of
black irroration, at the costal margin very broad. Marginal area greyish. Subbasal, antemedian, and median
lines black, the two latter distally bordered with grey. At the cell-end a macula of black dots. The black
postmedian line proximally with a yellow streak at the costal margin, a subterminal row of black spots distally
bordered with white, an irregular black marginal line. Hindwing orange-yellow, marginal area broad black.
Expanse: 64 mm. Nigeria.

D. subflava Wkr. Forewing whitish, at the distal margin brown, with brown spots at the costal margin
and hind-margin and a row of black spots at the margin. Under surface and hind wing pale yellowish. Expanse :
27 mm. Ashanti.

D. enos Drc. ( = insolita Auriv.) (24 f). Forewing dark red-brown, the darkest from the cell-end to
the tornus. Hindwing yellow with a broad red-brown distal margin. Abdomen yellow with black dorsal spots.
Expanse: 50 mm. Old Calabar.

D. viola Btlr. Forewing purple grey with a white central spot partly filling up the postmedian band.
Basal area greenish with black spots; distal margin broadly pale, greenish, Proximally bordered with black; a
double, dentate greenish -white postmedian line is edged with black, distally undulate. Cross-vein with a black
lunular spot. Hindwing white, costal margin and distal margin yellowish, submarginal stripes and cross-vein
blackish. Expanse: 42 mm. Madagascar.

D. mascarena Btlr. <$: forewing whitish-green, near the base two interrupted black, white-edged
transverse lines; a similar sinuate antemedian and postmedian line, a sinuate row of dark discal spots bordered
with white, and an irregular submarginal row of spots. Hind wing pale greyish-brown, costal margin whitish.
Thorax whitish, abdomen brown. Under surface whitish. $ whiter than the <$, hindwing white excepting a
spot behind the cell. Expanse: 45 to 55 mm. Madagascar.

D. melochlora sp, n. (= congia Holl.) (24 f) is similar to mascarena , darker green, but in the forewing
in the basal area only two brown, white-edged spots at the costal margin, and a brown spot in the fold, ante¬
median line behind the fold no more white-edged, discal spots only distally bordered with white, partly fused
with the submarginal spots. Hindwing cpiite purely white. Under surface purely white, only the costal margin
of the forewing and the fringe brownish. Abdomen above grey. Expanse : 43 mm. <$ type in the Berlin Museum.
Southern Nigeria, Lagos.

D„ cangia Drc. (24 f). Forewing white with yellow or green veins, in the marking similar to mascarena.
intensely powdered with greenish; hindwing white, at the hind-margin broadly blackish-grey. Abdomen above
grey. $ larger with more distinct markings, hindwing darker. Expanse: 45 to 60 mm. Delagoa Bay.

D. prasina Btlr. Forewing green, at the costal margin darker and more bluish-green, intermixed with
slanting snow-white spots. The 5th dark green costal-marginal spot is continued in a curved dark green
transverse line, beyond which there are traces of a row of white-edged dots. Costal margin between the white
spots bordered with black. A large black oval spot at the hind-margin before the centre white, hind-margin
blackish as far as % of the wing, a brown spot at the anal angle. Hindwing beneath white or with a curved
brown longitudinal streak from the base. Abdomen beneath in the centre black, sometimes only in the
posterior half flesh-coloured. The black hindmarginal spot of the forewing may be absent. Expanse : 30 mm.
Madagascar.

D. malgassica sp. n. (24 g) resembles prasina , but the forewing lacks the black spot at the centre
of the hind-margin, whereas a black dot is above the tornus on 1 c distally to the postmedian line. Hind wing
white, marginal area greenish, sometimes darkened into blackish. Under surface purely white, only the costal
margin of the forewing is blackish. 3 d'd' hr the Berlin Museum from Betsileo, Madagascar. Middle tibiae with
projecting hair, thus probably belonging to Notohybe Aur.

D. gnava Swh. (= virescens Mschlr.) (24 i). Forewing olive-brown, powdered with green, with blackish
antemedian and postmedian lines, at the costal margin bordered with a lighter green, the antemedian line
interrupted from the cell to the fold, crossing vein 2 after its rise, not very sinuate. Discal line blackish-brown
with two angles extending spear-shaped to the margin, behind vein 2 distally margined with white. Hindwing
brownish -grey. Collar uni-coloured. Under surface reddish-brown. Aburi, Togo.

D. macrodonta sp. n. (24 h) differs from gnava in the antemedian line being situate more basally,
crossing the cell before its rise from vein 2, more strongly dentate, particularly below vein 1 b, the discal line
connected by a black ray with the margin not only below veins 7 and 4, but also below vein 6, costal margin
without lighter green spots. Body lighter, collar parted by brown. Under surface uni-coloured pale ochreous.
Abdomen with a black dorsal line. <$ type from South Nigeria in the Berlin Museum.

DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hebing.

179

D. infima Holl. ( — infirma Swh.). Forewing indistinctly olive-green; at the cell-end a dark ring of
erect scales filled up with light. Distally to it at the costal margin some indistinct darker spots, near the distal
margin a small oval spot of erect dark brown scales. Hindwing pale greyish, at the distal margin somewhat
darker. $ larger, forewing more monotonously olive-green, markings more indistinct. Expanse': 30 to 35 mm.
Gabun.

Note: D. variegata Holl. and D. remota Drc. (= D. trapezimaculata Strd.) are Noctuidae in spite of the presence
of vein 5 in the hindwing, which is evident from the shape of the antennae and of the larvae.

D. phaeosericea Mab. Forewing silky whitish-yellow mixed and reticulated with blackish lines and
spots. In the centre of the costal margin a broad blackish band, expanded at the hind-margin. Bases of wings
whitish. Hindwing purely yellow. Beneath all the wings are yellow. Madagascar. It may be a Lymantriid ?

D. nigrosparsata Kenr. Forewing dark brown with black basal, median, and postmedian angular
transverse lines, the former being on both sides bordered with white, the latter lines only at the costal margin
white, the whole wing strewn with small black dots. Hindwing orange with an indistinct dark distal margin.
Finder surface orange, with a dark spot on the cross-vein in both wings. In the $ the dark lines are indistinct,
without the spot on the cross-vein. Expanse: 42 (J) to 70 ($) mm. Madagascar.

D. proletaria Holl. (24 g) is a conspicuous species. Forewing at the base, hind-margin and distal
margin profusely ferruginous brown. In the median area a broad lilac-grey spot, separated from the brown
colouring by an irregular line extending from the costal margin distally from the base slantingly, almost to
the centre of the hind-margin, then irregularly and broken to the apex. At the cross-vein a ring of erect
brown scales. Basal, median, and subterminal transverse lines present, the latter narrow and dentate. Hind¬
wing greyish-brown as in D. delicata. Expanse: 30 mm. Ogove, Cameroon.

D. cana Wichgr. Vrery similar to the palearctic pudibunda. Forewing drab with 5 transverse bands,
of which only the 2nd and 4th are distinct. The 2nd begins at the costal margin at x/3, extending zigzag-shaped
to the centre of the hind-margin, where it is expanded to a triangle. The fourth begins at the costal margin
as far as %. Before the margin a submarginal row of crescents. Hindwing white. Expanse: 40 mm. German
East Africa.

D. collini Mab. Forewing brown, strewn with white scales; a brown band powdered with pink from
the cell to the hind-margin. Hindwing yellow. Beneath all the wings are yellow with black internerval rays.
Senega mb ia.

D. saussurii Dew. (24 h). Forewing brown, in the $ more violettish-grey, in the olive-green; a
subbasal transverse line, behind it two prominent blackish-brown dots. Antemedian and postmedian lines
distinct, distally to the latter a discal line which, below the costal margin and below veins 4 to 2, is particularly
spotlike expanded and bordered with whitish; a sub marginal row of sagittary spots. Hindwing brownish-
grey. Chinchoxo, Cameroon (Lolodorf).

D. herbida Wkr. Fore wing greenish, spotted black, some whitish spots along the costal margin. Hind¬
wing brownish-white with a broad brown distal margin. Abdomen without dorsal tufts. Expanse about 45 mm.
South Africa.

D. nolana Mab. Forewing yellowish- white, from the apex to the centre of the disc a brown streak.
Fringe with a black basal line. Hindwing orange-yellow like the under surface, where only the forewing is
brown before the margin. Expanse: 19 mm. Madagascar.

D. procincta Saalm. (24 g). Forewing with almost straight margins in the <$, violettish-grey powdered
with brown scales, the lightest at the base. Costal margin in the centre with a triangular brown spot the
proximal margin of which is continued in a transverse line ending in a dark spot on the hind-margin. At
the distal margin the dark crossvein spot is situate. Before the margin two lighter grey transverse lines. Hindwing
yellowish-grey with 2 postmedian transverse lines. $ similar, wings more elongate, the costal-marginal spot
of the forewing almost quadrangular. Expanse: 18 to 22 mm. Madagascar.

D. ruficosta B.-Bak. ruficata Swh.). Body dark grey, abdomen whitish with a dark dorsal tuft.
Forewing in the costal-marginal half red-brown, in the hindmarginal half grey. An antemedian line is pale,
edged with dark brown and slanting ; a fine dentate dark postmedian line ; beyond it between veins 1 a and 2 a
pale brown moonspot; a subterminal line of dark internerval spots, distally bordered with whitish. None of
the transverse lines extends into the red-brown costal-marginal area. Hindwing purely yellowish white. Expanse :
34 mm. North Angola.

D. obsoletissinia B.-Bak. Body darker, abdomen paler brown. Forewing dark brown only with an
indistinct darker oblique postmedian transverse line which is dotted dark grey. Hindwing dark grey. Expanse :
29 mm. Northern Angola, at an altitude of 2700 ft. It is said to be allied to D. caerulei fascia.

D. inconspicua B.-Bak. Forewing brown with a somewhat greyish tint; a dark dentate subterminal
line receding a little at the tornus, is the only marking. Hindwing uni-coloured dark brown. Expanse: 35 mm.
Gunnal, West Africa,

infima.

phaeoseri¬

cea.

nigrospar-

sata.

proletaria.

cana.

collini.

saussurii .

herbida.

nolana.

procincta.

ruficosta.

obsoletissi-

ma.

inconspi¬

cua.

180

DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Herixg.

perdita.

exoleta.

ladburyi.

styx.

casta nea.

ornata.

rufotincta.

didymata.

brunneata.

aurantiaca.

viridipicta.

ocellatula.

D. perdita B.-Bak. Forewing uni-coloured brown without markings, only the veins in the median
area darker. Hindwing pale brown with dark veins. Expanse: 34 mm. Gunnal, West Africa.

D. exoleta B.-Bak. Forewing chocolate-brown with a blackish longitudinal stripe at the fold, ending
shortly before the margin. It is interrupted by the paler antemedian line. In the median area a large irregular
grey spot occupying the posterior portion of the cell and below it suddenly strangulated, then again expanded
at the hind-margin. A dark double postmedian line from the costal margin to vein 5, with traces of a velvety
brown irregular and interrupted deeply dentate subterminal line from which 2 or 3 small fine spots extend
into the margin. Hindwing greyish-brown. Expanse: 40 mm. Malange, West Africa. It is said to be allied
to D. gonophora Holl.

D. ladburyi B.-Bak. (= ladburi Swh.). Body grey, collar greenish. Forewing green with a dark
basal spot at the costal margin. Antemedian line dark, irregular, in front dentate and fine, below the cell
broader and oblique with a black spot in the fold. A dark-edged spot at the cell-end, a grey postmedian line
is undulate. Subterminal line very irregular, broad and dark, several times deeply angled. Shortly before
the margin a line of black lunae between the veins. Hindwing yellowish-grey. Expanse: 54 mm. Uganda.

D. styx B.-Bak. is said to be allied to D. fusca Wlkr. Forewing blackish-brown, markings velvety
black, a distinct, irregular undulate and dentate basal line, a dentate and clistally curved median line, post-
median line very irregular and deeply undulate; it is followed by a likewise dentate line which, however, is
not parallel to it. A subterminal row of spots recedes on the fold into the distal postmedian line. Margin with
dark internerval spots. At the cross-vein two dark streaks, the distal one representing part of the real postmedian
line. Hindwing grey, beyond the cell brownish. In the $ the lines and spots are often bordered with yellowish-
brown. Expanse: 34 to 40 mm. North Angola.

D. castanea Kenr. Forewing pale ochreous with numerous red-brown undulate transverse lines of
which the 2nd, 4th and 6th are broader than the others. Hindwing dull orange with a black submarginal stripe
which is the most distinct at the anal angle, beneath with three similar stripes. Expanse: 46 mm. Madagascar.

D. ornata Obthr. Forewdng whitish-yellow, all the brown transverse stripes very irregular; the subbasal
one is very broad, at the hind-margin narrower, fused with the narrow antemedian one; the median one only
in the anterior half, where it is very broad, towards the tornus fused with the discal one which is very much
narrower in the middle, the latter in two places extending to the margin. The brown bands partly contain
irregular spots of the ground-colour. Hindwing and abdomen yellow. Expanse about 50 mm. Madagascar.

D. rufotincta Kenr. Forewing pink, at the costal margin broadly suffused with white; an interrupted
black basal line, a slanting angular antemedian line and twro likewise angular postmedian lines enclosing a
dark grey area, an irregular subterminal line. Hindwing dark grey, somewhat reddish at the base. Expanse:
48 (d1) to 70 ($) mm. Madagascar.

D. didymata Kenr. In the marking similar to rufotincta, forewing pale ochreous, particularly conspicuous
a black hindmarginal streak connecting the antemedian and postmedian lines, and a dark spot at the tornus.
Hindwing pale pink. Colouring of $ paler. Expanse: 34 (d) to 50 ($) mm. Madagascar.

D. brunneata Kenr. Similar to didymata, but with broader wings. Forewing ochreous-yellow,
powdered with red-brown; an oblique dark brown basal streak, a broad angular antemedian line, a short dark
streak in the cell; a postmedian line, interrupted at the cell, a subterminal band of 8 whitish dots, posteriorly
angular; a terminal line of dark dots. Hindwing ochreous-yellow, basally somewhat pink. Expanse: 40 mm.
Madagascar.

D. aurantiaca Kenr. (24 h). Body greyish- white, abdomen yellow. Forewing greyish-white, the lightest
at the base, with black transverse lines at the base, followed by a darker shadow, the antemedian line partly
double, the postmedian line strongly angular, discally and subterminally. Hindwing ochreous-yellow, powdered
with blackish with an indistinct blackish submarginal line. Expanse: 42 mm. Madagascar.

D. viridipicta Kenr. Forewing tan-coloured with dark green markings: a basal spot extending to
Y2 of the costal margin, distally dentate and arched, but leaving free a basal spot at the hind-margin. At
% of the costal margin a triangular, proximally black spot, at the tornus a somewhat quadrangular spot.
Hindwing pale ochreous. Expanse: 38 mm. Madagascar.

D. ocellatula nom. nov. (= ocellata Kenr. nec Holl.). Forewing brown, at the base powdered with
green, a dark brown spot in the centre of the wing and a brown stripe at the hind-margin. Beyond it a green
transverse streak, distally bordered by an angular dark line. At the costal margin the wing turns darker
brown, and two lines form a paler ocellated spot; beyond it an indistinctly defined white spot, above it a
dark brown spot. Distally to it a pale band, turning greenish towards the tornus. Marginal line black. Hind-

DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hering. 181

wing pale ochreous with a dark cross- vein and a broken indistinct sub marginal stripe. Expanse: 34 mm.
Madagascar, Gameroon.

B. ophthalrmodes sp. n. (25 a). Eorewing yellowish-brown, more or less powdered with a darker ophthalmo-
colour, basal third marked as in basalis, postmedian line very dentate, in the anterior part darkened, forming
an ocellus with some bows distally to it. Subterminal line fine black, straight. Hindwing whitish-grey, at the
margin darker. $ type from L. Nyassa in the Berlin Museum.

D. dubia Swh. (21a). Eorewing white with angular black and grey transverse lines: a short black dubia.
streak near the base on the hind-margin, an interrupted basal line followed by an indistinct and broken line,
an antemeclian line, a dot in the cell, and a curved macula on the cross- vein; postmedian line double, posteriorly
both nearer to each other. A subterminal dentate line and 9 black dots on the margin. Hindwing grey, basally
lighter, with some black marginal dots. Expanse: 40 mm. Madagascar.

D. miselioides Kenr. (24 h). Eorewing dark brown, powdered with green, purple and pale tan-colour, miselioides.
green at the base, along the costal margin and hind-margin, as well as between the median transverse lines
and on the subterminal line. A white crescent at the tornus from which the subterminal line proceeds. Hind wing
ochreous-yellow with a darker subterminal line. Expanse: 40 mm. Madagascar. Some specimens have a
dark spot at the base of the wing, others a dark longitudinal line behind and parallel to the cell in the forewing.

D. abbreviata Kenr. (24 g). Eorewing whitish-green, a dark green spot at the base, margined with abbreviata.
pink and bordered by a darker antemedian line; in front of the latter on the hind-margin a dark spot. A similar
one on the cross-vein; a feeble postmedian line, the darkest at the costal margin. Distally to it traces of a
subterminal line and an area powdered with pinkish-brown. Hindwing almost white, an indistinct dark spot
at the tornus. Expanse: 40 mm. Madagascar.

D. luteolata Kenr. Body whitish, abdomen ochreous-yellow with a black dorsal line of the basal luteolata.

3 segments. Eorewing whitish-ochreous, strewn with brown scales; a dark costal-marginal spot before the ante-
median line and a similar one behind the postmedian line. Antemedian line only traceable, postmedian line
distinctly dentate; an indistinct submarginal line and a terminal row of spots black, a macula on the cross¬
vein. Hindwing ochreous-yellow, with traces of a cross-vein streak and of a dark marginal line. Expanse:

50 mm. Madagascar.

D. inetathermes Hmps. Eorewing dark greyish-brown with an indistinct double subbasal line, a similar metather-
antemedian line which is connected with the median line below the cell by a blackish spot. Postmedian line
distally bordered with whitish, subterminal line whitish. Before the margin a row of dark streaks, the one
above the fold being slanting. Hindwing light yellow, at the apex brownish. Abdomen yellow, dorsal tufts
blackish. Expanse: 34 mm. Cape Colony.

D. litigiosa sp. n. (24 i). Similar to metathermes in the marking of the forewing, which is indistinct, litigiosa.
whereas the spots before the margin are very distinct. Hindwing yellow, costal margin broad black like the
cross-vein, a stripe on 1 c and a spot at the tornus. German East Africa, type from Hindi in the Berlin
Museum.

D. aureotincta Kenr. (24 i). Body white, antennae red, abdomen basally white, then orange-yellow, aureotincta.
Eorewing white with similar black transverse lines as in the preceding species. Hindwing dark grey. Expanse:

56 mm. Madagascar.

D. geoffreyi B.-Bak. Eorewing pale ochreous yellowish-grey, in the cell and fold scantily strewn with geoffreyi.
brown, more thickly at the costal margin and beyond the cell in the costal-marginal area, less again at the
margin. Traces of an irregular basal line, a cross-vein spot surrounded by dark, a fine dentate postmedian
line. Hindwing ochreous-grey, at the margin more grey. Expanse: 38 (A) to 50 (2) mm. Uganda.

D. carpenteri B.-Bak. (25 a). Forewing pale grey with a dark, very dentate basal line, an irregular carpenteri.
double median line enclosing a whitish area proximally provided with a black dot, the distal line being very
dentate. Distally to it an interrupted serrate-dentate line. Cross- vein with a black macula, above it a dark
spot at the costal margin, followed by the double dentate postmedian band. Margin with dark dots. Wings
partly powdered with brown. Hindwing straw-coloured with a broad, posteriorly narrower marginal band.

$ darker grey, lines less distinct. Expanse: 40 to 50 mm. Uganda, Northern Nigeria.

D. bimaculata Auriv. Forewing dark brown, with a black dentate antemedian and postmedian line, bimaculata.
At the base below the cell an elliptic velvety black spot, another one at the costal margin before the apex, a
black row of marginal crescents. Before the margin a row of yellowish crescents. Hindwing blackish-grey.

Expanse: 40 mm. Cameroon.

D. albosignata Roll. (24 li). Wings longer than in the following, forewing with a basal and subapical albosignaiu.
spot as in bimaculata , postmedian line composed of lunae, below the cell very much projecting proximad, below
vein 2 between the postmedian line and the subterminal line an oblong white spot, the area distally to it lighter.

•prosper a.

hampsoni.

post pur a.

proleprota.

greeni.

rubrifilata.

escota.

lunensis.

atrifilata.

satanas.

182 DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

Cell and space between the antemedian and postmedian lines pinkish or greenish white. Hindwing light grey.
Ogove, Spanish Guinea, Togo.

D. prospera sp. n. (24 i) differs from bimaculata in the absence of the velvety black spot before the
apes; postmedian line hardly dentate, almost straight, not curved below the cell, the yellowish submarginal
line extending in front only to vein 3 or 4. Cameroon, German East Africa. $ type from Batanga in the Berlin
Museum, type from the Ogove River in the Tring Museum.

D. hampsoni nom. nov. (= postfusca Hmps. nec Swh. 1895). Forewing grey, powdered with brown,
particularly medianly and terminally. Costal margin black at the base, subbasal line distally ciu’ved, antemedian
line double, very dentate; ring-macula and reniform macula black margined with brown, traces of a dark median
line; postmedian line distally very convex, dentate; two slanting black stripes at the costal margin before the
apex, a submarginal row of black and white streaks. Hindwing dark brown. Expanse: 34 mm. Cape Colony.

D. postpura limps. Body white mixed with brown. Abdomen without dorsal tufts. Forewing white,
powdered a little with brownish and densely with blackish. Base of costal margin black. Subbasal and ante¬
median lines black, angular, black macula in the centre and at the end of the cell. In the middle an almost
straight dark shadow. Postmedian line as in hampsoni, two black stripes at the costal margin before the apex,
an undulate terminal line. Hindwing white, cross-vein with a lunar spot, marginal area slightly powdered
with brownish, the most densely at the apex. Expanse: 32 mm. Cape Colony.

D. proleprota Hmps. Body brown, powdered with whitish. Forewing brown, with a whitish-grey
tint. Some indistinct spots at the base, two whitish dots on the centre of the costal margin and two before
the apex. At the cell-end a narrow macula filled with whitish. Traces of a double undulate antemedian line.
Postmedian line below the costal margin slightly distally convex, more so on vein 4, on the fold proximally
curved. Hinclwing reddish-brown. Expanse: 32 mm. Cape Colony.

D. greeni Janse (24 i). Forewing elongate-triangular, light tan-coloured, powdered with blackish,
except before and behind the antemedian line, on a triangular median spot below the costal margin, the anterior
portion of the postmedian line, and the subterminal line between the veins. Subbasal line indistinct, antemedian
line blackish, dentate. The double median line is indistinctly undulate, blackish. Spot on the cross-vein light,
hindwing brown. Expanse: 36 mm. $: fore wing likewise yellowish-brown, sometimes darker without the
black powdering of the with blackish transverse stripes. Hindwing yellow, at the margin brownish. Expanse :
47 mm. J and $ bred from larvae on ,,milkweed“. South Africa.

D. rubrifilata Hmps. Forewing pale purple-grey, powdered with blackish, the transverse lines and the
spot at the cell-end being ferruginous reddish, undulate. Hindwing pale greyish. Expanse: 42 mm. Central
Africa, Rhodesia.

D. escota Hmps. Forewing pale greyish-brown, slightly powdered with dark, basal half and postmedian
and terminal areas powdered with a greenish grey, traces of a reddish and black subbasal line, a similar distinct
antemedian line and spot at the cross-vein. Postmedian line double, inside filled with red; beyond it the costal
margin is slightly powdered with blackish. A submarginal row of red and black dots. Hindwing grey, powdered
with dark brown, at the margin darker. In the $ the median and marginal areas are paler. Expanse: 30 to
40 mm. Mashonaland.

D. lunensis Hmps. Forewing pale olive-coloured, powdered with brown. Costal margin, cell, and
the area from the cell-end to the subterminal line suffused with purple. Traces of a subbasal and a double
antemedian transverse band, post median line distinct, feebly dentate, a slanting row of black and white dentate
spots between veins 4 and 1 c beyond it, the lowest being the largest. A subterminal line of black streaks,
slantingly placed above veins 3 and 2. Hindwing whitish- yellow, at the margin blackish. In the $ the median
area is greenish, the macula at the cross-vein whitish. A large brown crescentiform spot from below the
costal margin to vein 2, a whitish line before the subterminal streaks, proximally with black dentate spots.
Expanse: 32 to 36 mm. Natal. — Larva yellow, tubercles with whitish hair-tufts, 1st segment with brown
pencils of long pinnate hairs. A brown dorsal stripe, spotted yellow, subdorsal line yellow with pink spots on
the centre of each segment.

D. atrifilata Hmps. Forewing grey, powdered with blackish, with a thin subbasal line ending on a
black spot below the cell, with a dark distal shadow towards the costal margin. Antemedian line broad, rather
straight. At the cell-end a spot surrounded by black, above it at the costal margin a black streak. A median
line from the origin of vein 2, incurved, towards the hind-margin. Postmedian line feebly dentate, subterminal
line incurved on veins 2, 3 and 5. Hindwing white, marginal area darker. In the $ the forewing is more powdered
with blackish. The spot on the cross- vein is connected with the antemedian line; before the subterminal line
an undulate black line with a black moonspot below vein 2. Hindwing darker. Expanse: 40 to 46 mm.
Mashonaland.

D. safanas sp. n . (24 i). Similar to the following extatura, but the postmedian line of the forewing is
rather not dentate, distally to it a red-brown nebulous band. Hindwing purely white. Antennae ochreous-
yellow. $ $ types from Windhoek in the Berlin Museum, one also in the Tring Museum.

DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hebing.

183

D. extatura Dist. Body grey, tibiae and tarsi ochreous. Fore wing greyish-brown with 4 dark transverse extatura.
lines. The antemedian line is almost straight, the postmedian line undulate and distally convex. Between the
subbasal line and antemedian line some groups of black scales, between the 2nd and 3rd transverse lines a
ring-macula in the cell, between the 3rd and 4th transverse lines a dark streak at the costal margin. Hindwing
pale creamy white with a dark spot at the apex. $ more intensely clouded black, particularly at the base and
around the 3rd transverse line. Hindwing with traces of a dark sub marginal band. Expanse: 35 to 43 mm.

Transvaal .

D. pseudosatanas sp. n. (25 b). Markings as in satanas, but ground-colour of forewing red-brown, pseudosa-
below 1 c before the antemedian line a dark spot, the subterminal line irregularly undulate, hindwing of a
somewhat yellowish tint. Wings shorter. type from Bosum, Uam District, in the Berlin Museum.

D. poliotis Hmps. Forewing white, thickly powdered with brown, veins brown. Antemedian line : poliotis .
slightly undulate. At the cell-end a brown triangular spot at the cross-vein. A brown line from the origin
of vein 2 to the hincl-margin, below vein 2 distally angled. Traces of a transverse line from the costal margin
beyond the cell to the posterior margin of the cell. Postmedian line hazy, brown. Traces of a subterminal row
of spots, and a row of black dots directly before the margin, a fine dark terminal line. Hindwing white.

Expanse: 54 mm. Abdomen white, dorsally pale reddish-brown, on the sides yellowish. Transvaal.

D. pyrosoma Hmps. Head and thorax white; tegulae, upper portion of patagia, anterior femora and pyrosoma.
tibiae yellow. Abdomen white, basal segment with a red dorsal tuft, segments 2 to 6 scarlet with a white
median line and white posterior margins. Anal end white. Forewing silvery white, antemedian line yellowish
like the spot at the cross- vein. Terminal area with 4 feebly curved yellow transverse lines. $ with more
numerous and more distinct transverse lines. Expanse: 52 mm. Transvaal.

D. confinis Dist. Body chalky white, % of abdomen ochreous-yellow, posterior margins of the three confinis.
basal segments black, two black spots before the end. Wings white, transverse lines of forewing, if present,
yellowish, not dark. Expanse: 46 mm. Transvaal.

D. octophora Hmps. Body white, with black spots; abdomen ochreous yellow with blackish dorsal octophora.
and lateral stripes. Forewing white, costal margin at the base black. Subbasal line black, angular, a double
dentate antemedian line, the second of which proceeds from a ring at the costal margin. A ring in the centre
of the cell, macula at the cell-end 8-shapecl. A stripe proceeding from the centre of the costal margin and a
Y-shaped marking at the hind-margin. Postmedian line irregularly dentate, strongly bent. A black streak
at the costal margin with a white dot in it before the apex; a submarginal irregular row of dots, a terminal
row of black dots, growing larger and triangular towards the tornus. Hindwing white, some dark spots at and
below the apex; traces of a submarginal line, a terminal row of black streaks. Expanse: 38 mm. South Africa.

D. bryophilina Hmps. Allied to D. octophora-, body yellowish-white with black spots. Abdomen white, bryophili-
powderecl with blackish. Forewing yellowish- white. Subbasal line black with a short streak branching off na-

below the costal margin. Antemedian area with thin black streaks above the hind-margin. Antemedian line
very much angled black. A black spot at the hind-margin unites the antemedian, median, and postmedian
lines. A round black spot in the centre of the cell, a macula surrounded with black at the cell-end. Median
and postmedian lines black. A black spot at the costal margin before the apex, indistinct subterminal vein-
streaks, a slanting black spot at the tornus. Terminal line black. Hindwing white, powdered with blackish,
marginal area darker. The spot at the cross- vein and a series of dots and streaks at the margin black. Expanse :

32 mm. South Africa.

The following species chiefly described by Holland are often not determi¬
nable:; they may often have been wrongly ranged.

D. clathrata Holt. (25 a) is easily recognised by the claret-coloured forewing with 2 straight vertical clafhrata.
whitish transverse lines proximally bordered with dark. Costal margin narrow, distal margin broader dark.

Hindwing varying from light reddish to yellowish. Expanse: 25 to 30 mm. Ogove. Ivory Coast.

D. argiloides II oil. (25 b). Body greyish- white, basal third and distal margin powdered with blackish, argiloides.

2 or 3 black spots at the cross- vein and some black spots on the otherwise yellowish fringe. Hindwing white,
at the anal angle blackish. Under surface purely white, only the costal margin is brown, and the spots on
the fringe are black. Gabun.

D. arctioides Holl. is doubtfully placed to this genus. Body ochreous yellow, abdomen white, at arctioides.
the end greyish. Forewing pale ochreous, base of discal cell whitish; numerous red-brown lines form a reticular
marking; in the middle they are denser and form a transverse band. At the distal margin below the apex and
at the anal angle a dark nebulous spot. Hindwing purely yellowish-white. Expanse: 30 mm. Ogove.

D. apateloides Holl. is doubtfully ranged here. Body pale grey, abdomen beneath white. Forewing apateloides.
greyish-white; cross- vein with a narrow streak of erect black scales. Behind it a transverse line of erect white
scales, distally bordered with dark brown. A submarginal row of dark crescents is proximally bordered with
white. Margin with black internerval spots, proximally sagittiformly bordered with white. Fringe whitish.

viridis.

crucifera.

thersites.

viridipal-

lens.

bonaberien-

sis.

mkattana.

albos'par ga¬
in.

apicata.

circumdata.

albicostaia.

diluta.

flava.

pallida.

184 DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

Hindwing ash-grey with a whitish fringe, beneath purely white. Expanse: 44 mm. Ogove. It may he a
Notodontida.

B. viridis Holl. Antenna at the base with a white dot. Body olive-coloured, abdomen grey, beneath
whitish. Fore wing basally near the hind-margin whitish, then olive-green, turning greyish-blue towards the
centre of the wing. At the cross-vein a spot of erect dark scales, beyond it a narrow line of similar scales in a
right angle to the hind-margin, then a curved olive-coloured band which is united with the dark line at the
hind-margin. Beyond it an irregular olive-brown transverse line. Apex fawn-coloured; at the distal margin
a row of olive-coloured internerval spots, fringe olive-coloured. Hindwing whitish, fringe brown. Expanse:
32 mm. Ogove.

D. crucifera Holl. Body brown, dorsal tufts on the abdomen darker. Forewing dark brown, some¬
what purple. Subbasal line dark brown, distally slightly bordered with yellowish. Submedian line bent and
dentate; behind it an almost square dark brown spot at the costal margin, enclosing the cell-end. The narrow
postmedian line below veins 2 and 3 with lighter spots. Submarginal line dark brown, distally to it a row of
dark internerval spots and a dark marginal line. Fringe lilac-grey speckled with brown. The light areas before
the apex between the spot at the cell-end and the submarginal line are so arranged that they show the contours
of an Andreas-cross. Hindwing yellowish-brown. Expanse: 40 to 55 mm. Ogove.

D. thersites Holl. Body blackish-brown; forewing dark brown, with blackish shadows at the base
and beyond the cell-end. At the cell-end a dark brown spot. Submarginal and marginal lines irregular and
dark. Fringe speckled light and dark grey. Hindwing grey. Expanse: 38 mm. Ogove.

D. viridipallens nom. nov. (— pallida Holl. nec Btlr.). Body greenish-brown, beneath whitish. Forewing
greenish-brown, very pale, with darker transverse lines and reniform spot at the cell-end. Behind it a double
undulate median line, a dark submarginal line and a marginal line, expanded to a spot at the hind-margin.
Fringe speckled light and brown. Hindwing pale yellowish -brown, fringe lighter. Expanse: 43 mm. Ogove.

D. bonaberiensis Strd. (= hildvides Holl.) (25 a). Forewing greyish-brown, an antemedian transverse
line below the costal margin, rectangularly broken and a post median one, distally bordered with white, almost
parallel to the margin. Distally to it a row of brown internerval spots. Under surface of both wings straw-
coloured, more or less powdered with brown. Hindwing above whitish, with a brownish hue towards the margin.
Abdomen whitish, without hair-tufts. Expanse: 42 mm. Cameroon. It resembles considerably the Limacodid
Ctenocompa liilda Drc. Cameroon, Congo, Transvaal.

D. mkattana Strd. (25 a). Forewing light grey, with a strongly broken subbasal transverse line, a
zigzag-shaped antemedian one and a strongly curved postmedian one, of a blackish colour, slightly bordered
with dark red; an indistinct row of submarginal and marginal dots. Hindwing above grey, beneath white.
German East Africa.

D. albospargata Holl. Body red-brown. Forewing dark brown with a black ring at the cell-end. A
broad chalky white stripe extends from the cell obliquely to the apex, indented by the black ring and a brown
spot at the costal margin before the apex. Some indistinct pale transverse lines before the margin. Hindwing
pale yellowish-brown. Expanse: 25 mm. Ogove.

D. apicata Holl. Forewing dark brown, with a whitish crescentiform spot at the hind-margin near
the base. Apex broadly whitish, this area interrupted by a dark brown cloud, a continuation of the submarginal
line. On the margin a row of whitish dots. Fringe speckled light and dark brown. Cross- vein with a black small
spot edged with light brown. Hindwing pale grey, at the margin lighter. Expanse: 22 mm. Ogove.

D. circumdata Holl. Body brown. Forewing dark brown, clouded, and dotted with blackish. Distal
margin and hind-margin broad reddish-brown like the upper surface of the thorax. Some whitish dots near
the apex, an indistinct submarginal row of small brown dots; fringe speckled dark brown and reddish-brown.
Hindwing pale brownish-yellow. Expanse: 26 mm. Ogove.

D. albicostata Holl. (25 b). Forewing dark brown, extreme base whitish with several dark transverse
lines. Anterior half of the wing chalky white, before the apex interrupted by a brown oblique streak, behind
it some brown dots. Hinclwing yellowish-grey. Ogove, German East Africa.

D. diluta Holl. Body ash-grey. Forewing chalky white, at the hind-margin clouded with pale brown,
and on the hindmarginal half with 4 pale brown transverse lines, the distal ones of which extend farther in
front than the proximal ones. Hindwing glaringly white. Expanse: 20 mm. Ogove.

D. flava Holl. Body yellowish-grey, dorsal tufts on the abdomen dark brown. Forewing pale yellowish-
brown, in the centre and at the distal margin clouded darker brown, in the centre with an incomplete transverse
macular band. Hindwing pale greyish-yellow, at the anal angle with some dark brown "spots. A variable species.
Expanse: 23 mm. Ogove.

D. pallida Btlr. (25 b). Forewing greyish-white, costal margin somewhat greenish-grey, clouded
darker. At the cell-end 1 or 2 blackish dots, from which an oblique line extends to the centre of the hind-

Publ. 11. XII. 1926.

DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

185

margin behind it a similar line, posteriorly divergent with it, towards the tornus, the space between both being
brightened up by whitish. Before the margin a row of dark brown dots; between veins 3 and 5 a dark nebulous
spot before them. Hindwing whitish. Ogove, Nigeria.

D. fuscula nom. nov. (— fusca Holl. nee Wkr.). Body and wings wood-coloured, the wings at the / usculu .
distal margins clouded darker. Forewing in the cell with a number of black dots. Finder surface paler, at the
cell-end a dark spot, forewing with a straight row of dark dots from below the apex to the tornus. Hindwing
with some brown submarginal spots before the apex and a brown spot at the tornus. Expanse: 26 mm. Ogove.

D. costiplaga Holl. Body greyish-white, abdominal tuft dai’k brown. Forewing dark brown, apex and costiplaga.
hind-margin whitish. The white apical area is interrupted by a brown comma-shaped small costal-marginal
hook. Hindwing greyish -white. Costal margin and distal margin lighter. Expanse: 40 mm. Ogove.

D. hyloica Holl. Collar brownish-grey with an erect dark brown median bunch of scales, body otherwise hyloica.
dark brown, apex of abdomen whitish. Forewing purple brown, interrupted by a lighter area extending from
almost the centre of the cell to the apex, containing a brown ring at the cell-end, beyond which there are
some dark longitudinal streaks. Before the apex a dark brown costal-marginal spot. Subbasal and median
transverse lines dark brown. Hindwing white. Expanse: 42 mm. Ogove.

D. agrotoides Holl. Body brown, abdomen yellowish. Forewing lilac-brown, at the tornus ash-grey, agrotoides.
Forewing wdth an irregularly bent yellow, proximally brown subbasal line, a dark ring in the centre and at
the hind-margin beyond the base a spot of dark brown erect scales. Limbal and submarginal lines indistinct,
at the costal margin more distinct. Hindwing whitish, at the distal margin darker. Finder surface whitish
with a silky gloss, in the forewing at the base and in the centre darker. Expanse: 28 mm. Ogove.

D. nigristriata Holl. Forewing in the costal half chalky white, in the hindmarginal half pale yellowish nigristriata
A white bent subbasal line, a similar one from the distal margin below the apex to % of the hind-margin.

Between them a brown space continued to the distal margin beyond the beginning of the white line. Above
it at the distal margin a narrow black longitudinal streak. At the cell-end a black ring. Hindwing purely which.

Expanse: 25 mm. Ogove.

D. erubescens Holl. Body whitish. Forewing light pink, at the tornus yellowish- white. Darker pink, erubescens.
a subbasal line and a ring at the cell-end. Hindwing yellowish-white. Expanse: 30 mm. Ogove.

D. nubifera Holl. (25 b). Forewing wood-coloured brown with a blackish-grey band extending from nubifera.
the base of the costal margin to the centre of the hind-margin and from there almost rectangularly to the
apex. The marginal area is lighter than the rest of the wing and contains a narrow dark line. At the cell-
end a greyish-black spot, clistally to it in the dark band a darker irregular postmedian line. Antemedian line
indistinct. Hindwing light grey, at the cell-end and distal margin darker. Ogove.

D. danva Schs. <£• Clem. (25 b). Forewing blackish-brown mixed with green, the darker markings danva.
indistinct. Hindwing blackish-brown, with a triangular orange spot projecting from the margin; this spot
is of a variable width. Cameroon, Sierra Leone.

D. suarezia Mab. is difficult to range. Forewing yellowish-brown with transverse rows of brown suarezia.
crescentiform spots. We can distinguish an antemarginal band of lighter spots, distally followed between the
veins by 1 or 2 brown spots. In cell 2 there are 2 light spots followed by a brown spot extending pointed
to the fringe. Fringe brown, on the veins crossed by yellow. Hindwing brown. Body above brown,
beneath yellowish. Madagascar.

D. ochroderoea Mab. Forewing yellowish-brown, mixed with greyish black, with a yellow quadrangular ochroderoea
spot in the cell with a black dot. A yellow band of oval spots from the costal margin right before the apex
extends to the tornus, these spots being proximally margined black by a dentate stripe, distally by a row
of spots. Hindwing uni-coloured blackish. Madagascar.

D. nora Pagenst. In the colouring and marking very similar to the palearctic D. fascelina. Forewing nor a.
violettish-grey with lighter and darker embedments. Antemedian transverse line blackish, almost straight,
postmedian line slanting, distally bordered with reddish, proximally with blackish, the latter being split towards
the costal margin, with proximal roundish projections. Terminal area lighter shaded, a blackish submarginal
line therein. Hindwing grey, apex and distal margin darker. Expanse: 30 mm. Ganale, East Africa.

D. grisea Pagenst. Abdomen on the ground blackish, then yellowish-brown with blackish rings and grisea.
anus. Forewing ash-grey, base of wing whitish-grey, separated by the antemedian transverse stripe from the
darker rest of the wing. Median line whitish, bordered by dark, at the costal margin triangularly widened, with

NI V

24

186

DASYCHIRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

phoca.

griseinubes.

leucogram-

ma.

stegmanni.

obliquili-

nea.

batoides.

plotzi.

cymatopho-

rina.

diatoma.

stenoptera.

melanoproc-

tis.

orplnnina.

multilinea.

a dark cross-vein dot therein. Postmedian band dark, indistinct. Hindwing grey, distally darker, with a marginal
row of punctiform dots, a dot on the cross-vein and a submarginal band. Expanse: 55 mm. Abyssinia.

D. phoca Hmps. Abdomen ochreous yellowish-brown, without dorsal tufts. Forewing yellowish-
brown with a coppery gloss. Subbasal line and the indistinct undulate antemedian line blackish, at the cross¬
vein blackish streaks. An undulate line from the posterior angle of the cell to the hind-margin. Postmedian
line indistinct, at the costal margin somewhat dentate, below vein 4 inwardly bent. Subterminal line blackish,
at veins 6 and 4 distally bent, a row of black crescents at the margin. Hind wing whitish, with an ochreous-
brownish tint. In the $ the forewing is almost entirely suffused with blackish -brown. Hindwing whitish with
a blackish-brown tint. Expanse: 36 to 38 mm. Uganda.

D. griseinubes Hmps. Body reddish-ochreous, forewing the same, powdered with red-brown. Antemedian
line bent, red-brown, proximally bordered with yellow, distally followed by a grey band which is indistinctly
forked at the costal margin. Macula at the cell-end distally with long teeth on veins 6 and 4 extending to the
strongly dentate postmedian line ; the tooth on vein 4 almost reaches the margin ; below vein 3 this line is
double. Marginal area red-brown with a dark thin marginal line. Hindwing reddish-ochreous. Expanse:
42 mm. South Nigeria.

D. leucogrannna Hmps. (28 b). Veins 3 -f- 4 in the hindwing rise on a very long stalk. Body white,
mixed with red-brown, abdomen white. Forewing white, suffused with red-brown. Below the cell a white
longitudinal streak. A slanting white line from the costal margin before the middle towards the basal portion
of the white longitudinal streak, another line from the same place at the costal margin to beyond the centre
of the streak, where it unites with a slanting white line from the costal margin before the apex. Hindwing purely
white. Expanse: 24 mm. Sierra Leone.

D. stegmanni Griinb. (25 b). Body blackish-brown, abdomen lighter with dark dorsal tufts. Forewing
dark-brown. Subbasal line blackish, only distinct below the cell. Antemedian line below the cell double; a
black streak right before the macula at the cell-end. Postmedian line indistinct, distally to it above the tornus
a dark spot, between veins 3 and 4 a yellow ish crescent. Subterminal line composed of internerval streaks. All
the transverse lines are distinctly bordered by a bluish-green hue. Hindwing greyish -brown. Lake Kiwu,
Central Africa.

D. obliquilinea Fawc. is allied to D. nubifera Holl., without the greenish tint on the forewing. Basal
streak as in nubifera , antemedian line straighter, subterminal line zigzag-shaped. In the hindwing besides the dark
cross-vein spot at the hind-margin the beginning of a median band, at the apex a dark terminal spot. Expanse:
50 mm. East Africa.

D. batoides Pltz. (23 i) in the marking recalls Tliyatira batis (Vol. II, pi. 49 e). Abdomen and wings
dark brownish-grey. Forewing before the apex with an oblong white, centrally strangulated whitish spot;
a similar one at the hind-margin almost extends to the base. West Africa.

D. plotzi ■sp. n. (27 c) is quite similar to batoides, the subapical spot is broken up into 2 circular spots;
at the hind- margin a circular spot at the tornus, a much smaller one before y2 on vein 1 b and another larger
one at the base. Thorax except collar above whitish. $ type from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

At the same habitat a different form: cymatophorina form. nov. (27 c) was taken, which may represent a
distinct species. It is smaller, all the spots are filled up with yellow, the most central spot on the hind-margin
is as large as the others, the ground-colour of the forewing is not chocolate-brown, but blackish olive-green.
$ type in the Berlin Museum.

D. diatoma sp. n. (25 c). In the habitus similar to D. danva, but in the forewing the antemedian and
postmedian lines are distinct, partly bordered with whitish. Fringe not speckled. Hindwing blackish-brown
with a yellow central area which is crossed broadly with black by the cross-vein, fringe yellow. Under surface
the same, but in the forewing blackish-brown with a yellow spot distally to the cross-vein, and a long yellow
longitudinal stripe below the cell. $ type from East Usambara in the Berlin Museum. The West African race:
stenoptera subsp. nov. (25 c) has a narrower forewing which is slightly concave at the margin below vein 4,
and it is much darker, the yellow markings of the forewing beneath are somewhat reduced. G type from
Spanish Guinea in the Berlin Museum.

D. melanoproctis sp. n. (25 a). Uni-coloured white, tarsi, anterior femora, anal tuft, and apices of
some fringes in the forewing brownish-black. $ type from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

D. orphnina sp. n. (27 c). Forewing violettish-brown, at the hind-margin from the posterior ante¬
median line to the tornus broadly greyish-whitish. The lines are violettish-grey, two antemedian lines being
rather remote from each other and two postmedian lines being nearer to each other. Submarginal line composed
of blackish dots basally light-pupilled, the brightening gradually widening towards the tornus and thus passing
over into the light liindmarginal stripe. Hindwing brownish-grey, the spot on the cross-vein being darker.
Abdomen as well as hindwing without dorsal tufts. $ type from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

D. multilinea sp. n. (27 d). Body brownish -grey, forewing brownish-grey with 4 darker transverse lines,
the two remote antemedian ones of which are almost straight, whilst the postmedian line is very convex, the

DASYCHIRINULA; DASYCHIRANA; ABYNOTHA. By Dr. M. Hering.

187

line behind it distally edged with whitish. Hindwing yellowish-grey, powdered with a darker colour, with an
indistinct postmedian line. $ type from Lolodorf, Cameroon in the Berlin Museum.

D. dina sp. n. (27 b). Thorax and forewing of the same colour, the abdomen and hindwing also equally dina.
coloured, dorsal tufts blackish, forewing violettish-grey, at the base behind the cell-end and in the postmedian
area powdered with whitish, with a double subbasal and antemedian dentate transverse line, a similar, though
single postmedian and discal line, submarginal line composed of intense crescentifor'm spots, and at the cell-
end a macula composed of dots, all of them being darker. Fringe speckled. Hindwing greyish- brown, fringe
uni-coloured. Under surface yellowish -brown. $ type from Lagos in the Tring Museum.

D. blastema sp. n. (27 cl). Forewing red-brown, powdered with violettish-grey, subbasal and antemedian blastema.
lines darker; the macula is followed at the cell-end by an olive-tinted, yellowish- white spot at the costal margin,
being traversed by the postmedian line. Behind it a stripe of red-brown powdering, more intensely darkened
between the veins 5 and 7, at the apex again a paler spot. Sub marginal dots dark, distally bordered with light,
fringe speckled. Hindwing and body dark brownish-grey, dorsal tufts blackish. $ type from Luebo, Ivassai,
in the Tring Museum.

D. amata sp. n. (25 c). Body greyish-brown, dorsal tufts darker. Subbasal line blackish, antemedian amata.
line almost straight, double, the space between particularly in the $ filled up with dark. Macida at the cell-end
indistinct, blackish, postmedian line in the $ distally often shaded with dark, behind it an irregular lighter
line, sub marginal row in the $ composed of very irregular streaks. Hindwing red-brown in the <$, in the $ +
yellow in the basal portion. $ type from the Uam District, 2 from Verulam and Bagamoyo in the Berlin
Museum.

69, Genus : l>asycltiriimla gen. nov.

Cell, as in Micraroa, open in both wings, but in the forewing veins 6 and 7 are present, forked. Vein
11 of forewing rises very far basally, veins 10 to 8 forked, 10 rising behind 8, 6 + 7 forked. In the hindwing
vein 8 is turned towards the centre of the costal margin, 4 -f- 5 rise together remote from 3. Hind tibiae only
with terminal spurs.

D. chrysogramma sp. n. (28 d, e). Body whitish bluish-grey, abdomen lighter. Forewing mouse- chrysogram-
colourecl, the median area in the $ darker, bordered by the lighter antemedian and postmedian lines, submarginal ma-

line composed of dots. Before the antemedian line a black dot, indistinct in the $, covered with golden green
scales, a similar one at the cell-end, in the <$ forming a proximally open crescent. Hindwing whitish-grey, at
the costal margin darker, in the $ the hindwing is almost entirely darkened by grey. $ type from Kilimatinde
in the Berlin Museum, $ type from Kilawezi in the Tring Museum. East Africa.

70. Genus: Dasycliirsuiii B.-Bak.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, foreleg? with a thick hair-tuft. Forewing : vein 7 to 10 forked, accessory
cell small, vein 7 rising before 10. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 rise together, as well as 6 and 7. vein 8 near
the centre of the cell connected with the anterior margin of the cell by a small cross- vein.

D. obliqualinea B.-Bak. (25 c). Body brown; forewing brown with an indistinct dark basal transverse obliquali-
line, being angular in the cell, but below it straight; an oblique straight dark postmedian line, forewing otherwise
without markings. Hindwing uni-coloured brown. Expanse: 38 mm. Malange, West Africa.

D. unilineata B.-Bak. Body brown; forewing brown, in the cell and around it darkened; postmedian unilineata.
line paler, at the centre distally undulate; the darkening of the wing extends yet to beyond this line. Hindwing
glossy brown. Expanse: 34 mm. Lokoja.

D. crenulata B.-Bak. Body greyish-brown, forewing pale brown, with a dark, curved, interrupted crenulata.
dentate basal line. A dark, distally slanting, dentate median line is distally margined with pale. Postmedian line
likewise dark, edged with pale, proximally undulate, and posteriorly oblique. Traces of a subterminal row of
dots, and at the margin a row of yellowish dots proximally edged with dark brown. Hindwing pale brownish-
grey with an indistinct slanting median line. From Lokoja.

71. Geuus: Abyiiolita Swh.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Forewing with or without an accessory cell, veins 7 to 10 forked.
10 rising before 7 from the stalk. Vein 6 rises together with this stalk. In the hindwing veins 6 -|- 7 forked, 3
and 4 nearer to each other. Abnormous neuration of frequent occurrence here.

188

PACHICISPIA; LYMANTRIADES; PARAPIRGA; CIFUNA. By Dr. M. Hering.

meinickei.

preussi.

hylomima.

picta.

obliquali-

nea.

neurabrun-

nea.

nigroplaga-

ta.

A. meinickei sp. n. (26 g). Forewing blackish-brown wTith a white central area almost filling up the
cell and distally to it extending to V2 of vein 2, the cross-vein, however, with a black macula. Hindwdng yellowish-
white with a broad black marginal band. type from German East Africa in the Berlin Museum, collected
by Meinicke.

A. preussi Mob. (22 k, 23 a). Body blackish, abdomen with whitish or yellowish rings, with an ochreous-
vellow anal tuft. Wings blackish-brown with a white central area; the other markings mostly indistinct. Only
d'd' have become known. Cameroon.

A. hylomima Holl. Its position is uncertain, according to the author it belongs hereto. Body brown,
abdomen pale yellow, with 2 brown dorsal tufts. Forewing brown, at the costal margin and cell-end clouded in
a darker colour. A double curved basal line and a similar antemedian line which is edged with a paler colour.
At the cell-end a jet-black oval ring margined with wdiitish. ‘Apical area lighter. Limbal transverse line irre¬
gularly bent and dentate, behind it a row of sagittary spots, alternately white and deep black, then’ apices
turned proximad. Behind them a brown band, then again a row of sagittary spots, apices turned distally,
proximad bordered by white. Fringes brown, speckled with black. Hindwing blackish-grey. Expanse: <$ 53.
$ 90 mm. Ogove.

72. Genus: Pachicispia Btlr.

Forewing without an accessory cell. Veins 8 9 fused, forked with 10; at the bottom of this fork

vein 7 rises. Vein 6 rises together with the stalk from the same place, vein 5 from the centre of the cross-vein.
In this mark it differs from all the Lymantriidae , and it may be better placed to the N otodontidae .

P. picta Btlr. Forewing red-brown, powdered with grey anti black; antemedian and post median lines
dentate, black, above the centre inwardly bent, the former proximally, the latter distally bordered by 4 ochreous
spots; the belt enclosed by both the lines contains two silvery white dots on the hind- margin. Marginal area
broadly ochreous-yellow, proximally deeply dentate, the distal margin again of the ground-colour. Hindwdng
ochreous-yellow. Head white, above mixed wdth brown, collar pink, thorax and abdomen yellowy at the sides
and end white. Expanse: 52 mm. Madagascar.

73. Genus: Lyiiiaittriades B.-Bak.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, forelegs with tufted hair. Forewing without an accessory cell, veins
10 to 7 forked, 10 rising behind 7. In the hindwing 3 + 4 and 6 + 7 forked. Distinguished from Euproctis
in the vein 6 of the forewing rising very far away from the stalk of 7 to 10.

L. obliqualinea B.-Bak. Body brown, palpi yellow, abdomen yellow, with black bands. Forewing
dark brown with an almost straight antemedian line and an oblique postmedian line, the latter being distally
broadly shaded with a darker colour, proximally to it lighter scaling. A slightly undulate subterminal line.
Hindwing grey, towards the base much lighter.

74. Genus: Parapirga B.-Bak.

Forewing with a very long accessory cell, 11 from the discal cell, 7 rising before 10 from the accessory
cell, connected with 6 by a cross- vein and at that place both the veins are nearer together; by this mark the
genus is easily discernible. In the hindwing 6 + 7 forked.

P. neural) runnea B.-Bak. Body grey, wings semi-hyaline, in the forewing all the veins and the distal
margin are brown; hindwing only shortly before the margin with brown veins. Veins in the + paler. Expanse
49 to 59 mm. Angola.

75. Genus: Clil'iina Wkr.

It seems as if this genus cannot be distinctly separated from Dasychira, for which reason it might be
better united with it.

C. nigroplagata B.-Bak. Body and wings dull cinnamon-brown, forewing with a large blackish spot
at the cell-end, being extended towards the costal margin. At the origin of vein 3 traces of a dark stripe towards
the centre of the hind-margin, traces of an irregular submarginal line, in the anterior portion with some dark
dots. Hindwing wdth an indistinct cross-vein spot and an irregular submarginal band. Expanse: 36 mm. The
species is apparently variable; frequently specimens are found, in which the marginal area of the fore wing,
excepting the apical region, is dark brown; such specimens seem to predominate in Cameroon, representing a

POLYMONA; HETERONY GMIA ; LOMADONTA. By Dr. M. Hering.

189

special subspecies: chilophaea subsp. nov. (25 c) (3 $$ in the Berlin Museum from Loloclorf). C . nigroplagata chilophaea.
occurs in Uganda, from the Isle of Damba.

C. niarginenotata sp. n. (25 d). Similar to nigroplagata, distally to the black costal-marginal spot margincno-
the dentate postmedian line is distinct, before the margin a row of dark dots, hindwing unicoloured dark
grey. type from Bingerville, Ivory Coast in the Tring- Museum.

76. Genus: Polymona Wkr. (= Morasa Wkr., Sarothropyga Fldr.).

Hind tibiae with but I pair of spurs, anterior tibiae with projecting long hair. Forewing without an
accessory cell, veins 10 to 7 forked, 10 rising before 7. In the hindwing 6 and 7 are separate, vein 3 is nearer
to 4, posterior angle of cell produced, cross-vein in the forewing obtusely angled or curved.

P. rufifemur Wkr. ($ = scurrilis Wllgr., lorimeri Btlr.) (26 b). Body black, femora and upper surface rujijemur.
of abdomen red. abdomen with a black dorsal line and anal tuft. Forewing greyish-black with some ochreous
scales on the. veins and fringe. Hindwing in the £ white; in the $ grey, at the base powdered with pink, fringe
ochreous-yellow. South and East Africa.

P. inaffinis sp. n. (28 f). Body blackish-brown, abdomen ochreous-yellow. collar, base of antenna, inaf finis.
and femora above red. Forewing blackish-grey with a red dot at the base and cell-end, with a postmedian band
of whitish lunar spots, and a spot on the centre of the liind-margin. Veins dotted white. Hindwing blackish-
grey, basally hyaline, at the hind-margin yellowish. type from German East Africa in the Berlin Museum.

( Poloma [not Polymena, as with Swinhoe] obtusa Wkr. is an Eupterotida ! ) .

77. Genus: Heterouygiuia Holl.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Forewing without an accessory cell, 10 to 7 forked, 10 rising before 7,

6 distantly separated from the stalk (in Lymantria close at it), cross-vein almost rectangular. In the hindwing
the posterior angle of the cell is produced, 6 and 7 are separate, 4 almost nearer to 5 than to 3.

H. flavescens Holl. (26 f). Forewing light brown, antemedian line, postmedian line, and median flavescens.
shadow darker like the veins. Hindwing yellow. unkown. Togo, Cameroon, Ogove.

H. manicata Auriv. (= rhodapicata Holl.) (26 f). <$. Forewing greyish-green or brownish with 3 manicata.

shadow-like transverse lines, hindwing white, $ larger, lighter, veins brownish. Sierra Leone to Gabun.

H. strigitoma H?nps. Body and forewing reddish-brown, the latter with a small black dot on the strigitorna.
cross-vein and traces of subterminal internerval dots. Hindwing varying from yellowish to reddish-brown
with a black streak above the tornus. Expanse: 52 mm. Congo.

H. chismona Swh. is similar to strigitorna , but the abdomen is above and below pale pink, in strigitorna chismona.
white or grey. Expanse: 45 mm (rf). Aburi, Gold Coast.

H. dissimilis Auriv. (= leucogyna Hmps .) (25 d). Abdomen and hindwing pale yellow, body dissimilis.
and forewing reddish-grey, forewing with a black central dot and a curved antemedian and postmedian line.

$ white, forewing somewhat greyish, in fresh specimens the markings of the $ are very indistinct. Usambara,
Nyassaland. Rhodesia. The form rufescens nov. has also reddish-grey hindwings and abdomen. ($ type from rufescens.
Magunda in the Tring Museum.)

78. Genus: Lomadonta Holl.

Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. Forewing with a projecting dent in the centre of the distal margin;
with an accessory cell, vein 10 rising before 7 out of this cell; in the hindwing 6 and 7 are separate, 4 nearer
to 5 than to 3.

L. erythrina Holl. (= albisigna Drc.) (26 e). Forewing yellow with numerous undulate red transverse erythrina.
lines, a very broad subapical band extending from the costal margin to the dent of the distal margin, being-
brown and in the $ absent; below it a hyaline white spot between veins 2 and 3. Hindwing white, at the apex
and margin reddish or brownish. Forewing beneath white, apex yellow, the subapical band reddish-brown.
Cameroon, Congo, Gabun.

L. johnstoni Swh. Forewing ochreous-yellow, somewhat pink, costal margin and distal margin dark johnstoni.
red, two hyaline white discal spots, the wing with red transverse lines. A brownish line from beyond the centre
of the costal margin to the upper white dot, where it is distally bent, from there straight to the hind-margin,

190

BAROBATA; LAELAPIA; ACLONOPHLEBIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

ochriaria.

obscura.

umbrata.

saturata.

hoeseman-

ni.

ciirago.

trocta.

notcita.

A sub marginal line of brown lunar spots. Hindwing white, somewhat pink, distal margin dull pink. Expanse:
38 mm. Congo.

L. ochriaria Hmps. Body pale ochreous-yellow, abdomen orange, anal tuft dark brown. Forewing
pale ochreous powdered with dark brown, this irroration forming an indistinct, slanting shadow from the centre
of the cell to the hind-margin, at the cell-end it forms a dark spot and a postmedian and subterminal curved
nebulous line. Hindwing white, hind-margin and distal margin ochreous-yellowish. Expanse: 40 mm. Gold
Coast.

L. obscura Swh. Forewing brown, somewhat yellowish, costal margin dark brown, a spot on it before
the apex is still darker, a median dark transverse band; the proximal part of the wing is darker than the distal
part. A pale sinuate discal line, a similar submarginal line with some blackish lunar spots; terminal line
dark brown. Hindwing paler, without markings. Under surface whitish with a brown discal line. $ paler and
less distinctly marked. Expanse about 35 mm. Ashanti. Separated from the preceding ones by another small
distal-marginal tooth right below the apex.

L. umbrata Bryk (26 e). Body and wings greyish-brown, forewing tinged with olive-green. Before
the margin between the veins a series of dark crescents. A median and sub median transverse line are present,
the former at the costal margin expanded into a blackish spot, distally to it a spot on the cross-vein. Cameroon.

L* saturata Swh. Forewing dark chocolate-brown with a dark brown dentate transverse line from
the costal margin beyond the middle to the hind-margin beyond the middle, where it turns round to the costal
margin near the apex. Hindwing and abdomen brown, thorax white. Beneath the costal margin of the forewdng
and hindwing are pink, the latter with a black spot at the cross- vein and two transverse lines. $ paler, beneath
more intensely pink. Expanse about 40 mm. River Niger.

L. hoesenianni Bryk (26 e). Forewing brownish-grey with a double darker antemedian and post¬
median line, the former line sometimes filled up and distally bordered with ochreous-red. extended to the
invariably present milky white spot between veins 2 and 3. Before the margin at the apex and tornus some
small dark lunae. Hindw ing white, distal margin broad brownish-grey, a dark dot at the cross-vein. Cameroon.

L. citrago sp . n. (28 b). In the forewing of the typical specimen the accessory cell is absent, but
otherwise it structurally corresponds with Lomadonta. Body above yellowish, below wdiite, forelegs and palpi
dark red. Forewing lemon-coloured with 3 oblique brownish transverse lines. Fringe red. Hindwing snow-white.
Fringe between the tornus and vein 2 red. Ivory Coast. Type from Bingerville in the Tring Museum.

79. Genus: iSarolmla Krsch.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Forewing with an accessory cell, vein 10 rising from it before 7 which
likewise rises from it. In the hindwing vein 4 rises nearer to 5 than to 3, veins 6 + 7 are forked. Distal
margin of forewing with projecting dents.

B. trocta Kr.sch. (26 f). Forewing olive-green, in the B lighter, with an indistinct dentate submarginal
band. Antemedian and postmedian transverse lines as well as the spot on the cross-vein are brown, in the <$
lighter and more contrasting. Hindwing in the almost white, in the $ yellowish-brown, in both wings in
front darker. Togo, Cameroon, Spanish Guinea.

80. Genus: B^aelapla Btlr.

It is said to be allied to the genus Lopera , with longer wings, forewing at the hind-margin rounded
off, legs long-haired.

L. notata Btlr. Forewing ash-grey, suffused with pale pink, in the centre darker. A large almost
triangular spot in the centre of the costal margin dingy white, but in the cell snow-white, distally bordered
with black dots, the proximal ones of which are situate in an angular transverse row of such dots. At the costal
margin a black basal streak, a curved discal row of black dots. Hindwing light ochreous. Beneath in the
forewing the white macula is partly ochreous-yellow, the hind-margin silky yellow. Hindwing with a black
spot at the cross-vein and on the costal margin. Expanse about 40 mm. Madagascar.

81. Genus: Acloaoplilebfa Btlr.

Hind tibiae only with 1 pair of spurs, anterior tibiae with appressed scales; eyes very large. Forewing
without an accessory cell, veins 10 to 7 forked, 10 rising before 7, cross-vein not strongly angled. In the hindwing
8 only slightly touches the cell, 6 and 7 separate, not forked, 4 nearer to 3 than to 5.

ACLONOPHLEBIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

1 9 1

A. lymantrioides sp. n. (26 c). Forewing brown with a black basal dot, a white dentate antemedian
transverse line, a white median band being strangulated below the cell, a median band containing a black dot,
a white postmedian line, and a mostly white marginal area. Fringe spotted red and grey. Hindwing, abdomen,
collar, and palpi red. Cross-vein of forewing often very prominently black. types in the Berlin Museum
from Lindi, German East Africa.

A. flavimotata Btlr. (26 c). Forewing brown, at the costal margin and hind-margin darker, with a
median transverse line which, behind the cell, is far removed towards the base and proximally whitish, distally
broadly shaded with dark brown. Distally to the cell between the veins 3 and 5 a chrome-yellow oblong spot
which is continued towards the base on the posterior edge of the cell. In the cell a black dot, three black
sometimes absent streaks in a traceable discal band distally to the cell. Hindwing straw-coloured. Body
brown, abdomen ochreous yellowish-grey. British East Africa.

A. lugardi Swh. (26 c). Abdomen pink, ground-colour of forewing purple brown with a dark basal
line, the white median band similar as in the following rufitincta , but not extending to the hind-margin, a pale
dentate discal line and the yellow discal spots are present. Hindwing of a pure ochreous-yellow colour. Expanse
about 35 mm. N’Gamiland, German East Africa.

A. rufotincta sp. n. (26 c). Forewing more elongate than in lugardi-, an antemedian line, which in
lugardi is only traceable, is more distinct here, the median belt behind it almost purely white, projecting more
distally at the posterior angle of the cell, the yellow spot on the posterior edge of the cell is not continued,
but another similar spot is below the cell, directly proximally to vein 2. The distal portion of the wing
is whitish-grey, without markings. Hindwing pink, also beneath. Body grey, collar and abdomen pink.
Expanse: 27 mm. $ type from Kibwezi, British East Africa, 16. X. 1916, in the Tring Museum.

A. rhodea Hmps. (26 c) resembles rufotincta, it is larger, with a white antemedian band, slantingly
from the costa, below the cell connected with a white spot at the hind-margin, which is parted by darker streaks.
A white postmeclian line, expanded into a spot at the costal margin, a series of pink dots on the margin and
fringe. Hindwing pink with a blackish marginal band. Expanse: 40 mm. South Africa, Delagoa, Bay.

A. triangulifera Hmps. (26 c, d). Forewing yellow with two transverse lines enclosing a brown belt,
but being situate much farther distally than in the preceding ones. This belt is strangulated below the cell,
expanded at the hind-margin and darker, so that an almost triangular darker area is produced here. In the
discal area some blackish spots. Hindwing straw-coloured yellowish. Body yellowish-grey, abdomen with
black dorsal and lateral spots. Expanse: 25 mm. To this species probably belongs a $ from the same habitat,
its forewing being powdered with purple grey, so that yellow spots occur chiefly basally and proximally and
distally at the median belt. Hindwing in the whole anal half powdered with blackish. British East Africa.

A. inconspicua Hmps. (26 d). Body dark red-brown, mixed with whitish. Forewing brownish- white,
powdered with dark brown, veins almost blackish. A dark brown subbasal spot from the costal margin to
below the cell, antemedian line blackish like the strongly curved postmedian line which is distally bordered
with white; at the cross-vein a black crescent, a indistinct median line is present. At the costal margin before
the apex some white spots. Hindwing white, somewhat diaphanous, veins brownish. Expanse: 30 mm. Somali
Land.

A. flaveola sp. n. (26 d). Body dark yellow, thorax above yellowish- white, greater part of head red.
Fore wing white with dark brown markings: a basal dot, 2 subbasal ones at the costal margin and vein 1 b,
a median irregular band of spots, the postmedian line at the costal margin and vein 5, and on vein 2
distinct, expanding towards the margin, some marginal spots, also part of the fringe. Cross-vein with a red
luna. Hindwing quite yellow. Nigeria, $ type from Ilesha in the Tring Museum.

A. civilis sp. n. (26 d). Body blackish, abdomen dark yellow, basally somewhat pink. Head laterally
red. Forewing blackish, markings pinkish- white, dull: the base excepting a dot, the antemedian line which
is connected with the light basal area anti extends to the postmedian band from which it is only separated by
a narrow line. Postmedian line broad, between veins 2 and 6 extending to the margin, fringe speckled light
and dark. Hindwing uni-coloirred yellowish-white with a pink tint. $ . Type from German East Africa in the
Berlin Museum.

A. ganymedes ( Tessm .) Her. (24 f). Body grey, abdomen yellowish-brown, chest and legs red. Forewing
white; costal margin, distal margin, and cross-vein red. Transverse markings blackish. Hindwing yellowish-
white. Cameroon.

A. rubripunctata Weym. (26 d) is similar to ganymedes, the black spots in the forewing are more
extensive, distal margin only on the veins dotted red and yellow, costal margin only beyond the cell yellowish -red
Hindwing blackish, at the hind-margin broadly yellowish. East Africa.

A. diffusa sp. n. Body brownish, beneath and at the abdomen ochreous-yellow. Forewing greyish
hyaline, mixed with white. Antemedian and postmedian lines black, the latter bordered with white, at the

lymantrioi¬

des.

flavin otata.

lugardi.

rufotincta.

rhodea.

trianguli-

fera.

inconspi-

cua.

flaveola.

civilis.

ganymedes .

rubripunc¬

tata.

diffusa.

192

NUMENOIDES; ORGYIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

disparina.

hodalipha.

grandis.

tricolor.

vaporata.

avrantia.

Ibacostata.

vetusta.

rnalagassi-

ca.

mixta.

cross-vein a white crescent. Marginal area projecting irregularly, whitish, marginal line brownish. Hindwing
hyaline whitish with a blackish marginal band. 2 $$ from Cameroon in the Berlin Museum.

A. disparina sp. n. (26 h). Habitus entirely the same as of the palearctic Lym. dispar, only the hindwing
somewhat more elongate; hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. type from Transvaal in the Berlin Museum.

A. rhodalipha Fldr. (= tesselata Dist.) (26 d). Forewing pinkish- white, blackish at the base, a broad
median band growing narrower towards the hind-margin, in this band the cross-vein is yellow, a submarginal
band with projections towards the margin and small black spots. Hindwing hyaline with a few black lunar
spots below the apex and at the tornus. Abdomen above yellow. South Africa.

82. Genus: UfiniieiioUles Btlr.

According to the author’s statement, separated from Nnmenes by the $ antennae being deeply pectinate.

N. grandis Btlr. Forewing with pink bands edged with straw-colour, alternating with irregular ferru¬
ginous brown bands. In the discal row a series of rust-brown lunar spots bordered with black, apical area and
distal margin broadly rust-brown. Hindwing ochreous-yellow with a blackish interrupted median band and
blackish spots on the cross-vein, at the apex and tornus. Thorax pink, above ochreous-yellow, abdomen ochreoiis-
yellow with black lateral spots. Antennae white with brown pinnae. Expanse: 70 mm. Madagascar.

83. Genus: Orgy i a O.

Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs, anterior tarsi partly long-haired, forewing with an accessory cell,
10 rising from it, also 7, 10 rising before 7, 8 + 9 forked from it, 6 separated from it, 4 and 5 not forked as
in Bracharoa. In the hindwing 6 + 7 are forked. 4 nearer to 3 than to 5.

0. tricolor H.-Schdff. (Vol. X. pi. 42 i). Forewing brown with a subbasal, antemedian, postmedian
and terminal transverse band of black spots, some similar spots also at the cross-vein. Hindwing black with
a yellow central area behind the cell, in front projecting in 2 dents, fringe yellow. South Africa. Hy. Edwards
statement (Viet. Nat. 1891. p. 152) that tricolor occurs also in Australia, is undoubtedly a mistake.

0. vaporata sp. n. (26 e). Body above chocolate-brown, beneath ochreous-yellow. Forewing chocolate-
brown with dentate lighter, pink-tinted subbasal, median, postmedian, and subterminal transverse lines.
Hind wing and under surface of both wings uni-coloured, somewhat lighter brown, fringes ochreous-yellowish
speckled with brown. Ivory Coast. $ type from Bingerville in the Tring Museum.

0. aurantia Mob. Forewing golden yellow with two rust-brown transverse lines, one basally and
vertical, the other submarginally and deeply dentate, extending from before the apex to the hind-margin. The
apex itself is dark brownish, with 3 whitish-blue dots therein. At the cell-end a white spot surrounded by rust-
brown. Hindwing yellow. Beneath all the wings are yellow, in the forewing the discal dot and two spots in
the ap>ex are reddish, the fringe rust-brown, hindwing with a black spot on the cross-vein. Expanse: 22 mm.
Madagascar.

0. albacostata B.-Bak. (= albacosta Swh.). Body brownish. Forewing brownish with a basal spot
of darker scales. Costal margin as far as the postmedian line, and the greatest part of the cell are greyish-
white; postmedian line fine, dark, double, and incurved on 1 c. A broad slanting whitish spot from the apex
to vein 5, an indistinct subterminal row of internerval spots. Hindwdng pale brownish-grey. Expanse: 28 mm.
Malange, West Africa.

0. vetusta Hmps. Body whitish, tinged with brown. Forewing greyish, suffused with red-brown
and + powdered with black. The central area is powdered with dark, except at the costal margin. An indistinct
black subbasal line, a slanting sinuate antemedian line, distally bordered with whitish. At the cross-vein a
reddish spot surrounded by black. Postmedian line black, dentate, as far as vein 4 distally bent, then proximally
bent, proximally bordered by whitish. A subterminal row of oblong black spots from the costal margin to
vein 3, at the costal margin in a whitish spot. Hindwing blackish-brown, fringe paler, reddish. Expanse:
24 mm. Nigeria.

0. malagassica Kenr. Body greenish -grey, abdomen blackish, beneath paler. Forewing greenish-
grey. Basal transverse line black, distally paler, antemedian line rather straight, post median line at the costal
margin angular and then straighter. At the costal margin, at the beginning of the black transverse lines white
spots. Subterminal line paler and angular. At the cell-end a dark spot followed by a paler one. Hindwing
smoky-grey. Expanse: 32 mm. Madagascar.

0. mixta Snell. Forewing in the basal third red-brown, then follows a grey belt of 2 white transverse
lines, distally bordered by the blackish postmedian line which is distally broadly shaded by red-brown, in this line

Publ. 4. I. 1027.

LYMANTRIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

193

the spot on the cross-vein is black, clistally broad brown. Marginal area whitish-grey with 2 blackish spots
at the apex. Hindwing blackish-grey. Lower Guinea, German East Africa.

0. nigrocristata Joic. <L Talb. Forewing greyish -brown, marked black and white. At the base a black nigrocrista-
costal-marginal spot, continued in a transverse line towards the hind-margin. Close next to it a black dot below
the cell. Antemedian line black, strongly angled. The black macula on the cross- vein does not reach to the
posterior margin of the cell. The black postmedian line is broken below the costal margin and at vein 6, and
ends at vein 4. Another postmedian line distally to it, very undulate, almost parallel to the margin, distally
bent at vein 2. The submarginal line is interrupted at the veins. Before the apex 3 black costal-marginal spots,
some more black spots in cells 7 to 1 c, the last being the largest. All the black spots and lines are mostly
bordered with greyish- white, a white dot in the cell between the antemedian line and postmedian line. The
greatest part of the costal margin is black, the cells 2 to 4 black, excepting a round spot of the ground-colour
near the margin. Fringes speckled light and dark. Hindwing yellowish-grey, powdered with purple brown, at
the margin darker. Abdomen yellowish-grey with black dorsal tufts. Expanse about 40 mm. Lake Albert.

84. Genus: Lyniillltriii II bn. (= Liparis Ochs., Palasea Wllgr.).

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, forewing without an accessory cell, 10 to 7 forked, 10 rising before 7.

In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 separated. Some specimens have sometimes 2, sometimes only 1 pair of spurs
on the hind tibiae, so that the genus is difficult to separate from Aclonophlebia.

L. atala Swnh. (= binotata Mab.). Fore wing white, at the costal margin 4 or 5 black spots, the 2 nd atala.
and 3 rd extended into a short sinuate transverse band. The last of these spots is followed on the disc by
2 or 3 spots forming an incomplete row of spots parallel to the margin. At the latter a row of black dots.

Hind wing white with small and indistinct marginal dots. Body white, thorax with a few yellow dots. Size
of L. monacha L. Madagascar.

L. tacita sp. n. (25 d). Body light grey, palpi, collar above, base of patagia, and spots on the thorax tadta.

blackish. Forewing of a pure white with black markings: some spots in the subbasal area, a broad median

band composed of black spots and at the hind-margin fused with the dentate postmedian band, subterminal
line irregular, extending spot-like to the margin on veins 1 b and 4. Fringes white, black spots above the
veins 2 to 7. Hindwing white with a black marginal spot above the tornus and traces of some more similar
spots, beneath of a pure white. <$ type from Nairobi in the Tring Museum.

L. rebuti Pouj. Forewing flesh-coloured, apex black, bordered by a sinuate line beginning in the centre rebuti.
of the costal margin and terminating a little above the tornus. Hind-margin divided into 3 parts by two black
spots; the distal spot is round and largest, the other being oblong and vertical; besides some more small black
spots. Hinclwing uni-coloured, orange-yellow. Under surface yellow, only the apex of the forewing and. the cross¬
vein of the hindwing is black. Expanse: 29 mm. Madagascar.

L. rusticana sp. n. (25 e). Similar to atala, with more abundant black markings of the forewings: rusticana.

2 subbasal spots, an antemedian row of dots, a crescent at the cell-end; postmedian line with a large proximal

projection below vein 1 c, a subterminal row of crescents and terminal dots. Body white, femora and hips
pink, palpi outside and thorax above spotted black, frons with 2 yellow spots. Madagascar. A type from Diego
Suarez in the Tring Museum.

L. velutina Mab. (25 e). Forewing lustrous white. At the costal margin four black streaks, the basal velutina.
ones representing a transverse line, in the cell rather indistinct, the apical ones double, a basal streak black.

Hindwing dingy yellow, a black dot at the costal margin and a dark marginal band. Hindwing beneath yellow
with 3 black dots, on the cross-vein, at the costal margin and tornus. Body yellowish. Expanse: 65 mm.
Madagascar.

L. nigrostriata Kenr. Body tan-coloured. Forewing white with scattered black scales, more densely nigrostria
scaled at the base, costal-margin, and cell-end. Hindwing purely white, at the hind-margin yellowish. Expanse:

38 mm. Madagascar.

L. vacillans Wkr. (25 e). <£. Forewing brown with a whitish dentate subbasal and antemedian line, vacillans.
a similar median line which is twice as broad from the costal margin to the posterior edge of the cell and contains
a brown dot, a double postmedian line composed of crescents and being distally convex, with a terminal
band of moon-spots, those between 4 and 5 and at the tornus being the largest. Fringes grey. Hindwing creamy-
white with a cross-vein spot being distinct below. Body greyish- white, legs, palpi, base of antennae, and a
spot behind the collar red. $ larger, in the forewing the brown markings are more extensive, the transverse
lines more indistinct, partly obsolete, fringes red. Hindwing varying from whitish to pink, hyaline, fringes
red. Another form with more extensive white markings has been described as (Abynotha) dubiosissima Strd.,
particularly the postmedian band is very broad. Strand considers it to be the $ of Abynotha preussi. Togo,
Cameroon, Congo.

la.

dubiosissi¬

ma.

XIV

194

LYMANTRIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

dulcinea.

rosea.

bananoides.

bananae.

melia.

totica.

albimacula.

marwitzi.

miniaia.

metella.

cddela.

pruinosa.

carriala.

gondona.

modesta.

L. dulcinea Btlr. (26 a). Forewing in both sexes as in the palearctic L. monachaL., but all the transverse
lines are red-brown; hindwing pale pink. Head and collar flesh-coloured, thorax white with red-brown spots;
abdomen yellowish -white, at the end darker. In the $ the forewing shows sulphur-coloured margins and olive-
brown markings, hindwing at the base pink, at the margin silky white, the edge spotted brown. Expanse:
35 ($) to 46 ($) mm. Madagascar.

L. rosea Btlr. Pinkish -white, forewing with a silky gloss. Base dotted white and spotted black, a
black antemedian angular and dentate transverse line, a similar more regular discal one, and an undulate
submarginal line. Hindwing with a spot on the cross-vein and a darker submarginal band. Body white, abdomen
pink. Expanse about 40 mm. Madagascar.

L. bananoides sp. n. (25 f) resembles the following bananae ; forewing darker brown, the yellowish
spots smaller, hindwing lighter, almost white, only at the hind-margin yellowish. $ type from Gabun in the
Berlin Museum, also from Cameroon.

L. bananae Btlr. (25 f). Forewing yellowish -grey, the costal margin, hind-margin, and basal quarter
brown, also the cross-vein and a postmedian line which is not sinuate, but distally convex. Distal margin brown,
more or less brightened up, sometimes only brown marginal spots between the veins 5 and 6 and at the tornus.
Hindwing thinly scaled, greyish-yellow, at the hind-margin deeper yellow. Forewing beneath yellowish with
a brown costal margin. East Africa, Congo.

L. melia Faroe. (25 f). Quite similar to albimacula, but the hindwing and abdomen are red, the white
band of the forewing does not cross distally the transverse band, but one white spot between veins 3 and 5.
Expanse: 46 mm. British East Africa.

L. tottea Swh. Similar to bananae, forewing brownish-grey with a yellow tint, with a broad whitish
band parted into 8 spots by the veins, a white spot at the cell-end, a smaller one in the disc outside the band.
Abdomen pale greyish-yellow. Hindwing white, with a yellow tint. Under surface white, without any marking.
Expanse about 40 mm. Old Calabar.

L. albimacula Wllgr. (= mosera Drc.) (25 g). Forewing brown, with a white median band broken
up into spots by the veins and getting much narrower towards the hind-margin, sometimes traces of a lighter
postmedian line. Hindwing yellow. Delagoa Bay, South Africa.

L. marwitzi Griinb. (25 f) is separated from albimacula by the absence of the white spot of the forewing
right behind the cross- vein. East Africa.

L. miniata Griinb. (25 g). Like marwitzi, but the hindwing and abdomen varies from pink to red-brown.
Larva flat, of the Lymantria-type, dorsum light with 2 darker lines, on the segments 1 1 and 12 with a cutaneous
gland that can be turned forward. East Africa, Kilimanjaro.

L. metella Fawc. (25 h). Like miniata, but between the veins 4 and 5 no white spot any more. East

Africa.

L. eddela Swh. Body pale pinkish-brown like the forewing at the base of which there is a black spot
with 3 more dots close next to it ; a straight hardly dentate antemedian and discal transverse line of black spots,
three black dots at the cell-end. Hindwing paler, almost white, with a broad black marginal band. Abdomen
orange with black dorsal spots. Expanse about 35 mm. Tanganyika.

L. pruinosa sp. n. (25 g). Similar to miniata Griinb. Forewing brown with the same whitish marking
at the cell-end. but distally to it, broadly separated, another postmedian line lmed with whitish from the costal
margin to vein 3. Hindwing pale yellow, veins darker, hind-margin and hindwing broadly dull red. East Africa.
$ type from Uhehe in the Tring Museum.

L. carriala Swh. (= carriola Swh.). Body and forewing blackish-brown, two white spots on the
thorax. Forewing with a white spot on the centre of the hind-margin and a white dot above it, therein
a group of 4 black dots. 2 or 3 indistinct pale spots in the upper disc. Hindwing pale pink, a rather
broad pale blackish-brown apical band almost to half of the distal margin. Abdomen yellow with dorsal and
lateral black spots. Expanse about 40 mm. Angola.

L. gondona Swh. Thorax and forewing pale grey, almost white, the latter with 4 dark grey transverse
bands bordered by brown lines: the first being basal, the second antemedian and broad, the border-lines being
rather sinuate; the third is discal, narrower, distally convex, the fourth apical. Hindwing white, without
markings. Abdomen pink. Expanse about 40 mm. British East Africa.

L. modesta Wkr. (= rhodopepla Fldr.) (25 g, h). Body and legs as in gondona, but abdomen at the
base red, then ochreous-yellow, in the $ often darkened. $ : forewing brown with a white antemedian line
parted by brown, widening in the cell, extending to the costa and enclosing a black dot. Postmedian line straight,
like the veins distally to it white. Hindwing whitish with a grey marginal area. In the $ the first band in the
forewing is only represented by a whitish cellular spot containing a black dot and sometimes by a white

LYMANTRIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

L95

hindmarginal spot, and the thinner and more convex postmedian line. Hindwing pink with a blackish distal
margin. Both sexes with a white subbasal spot, behind it a subbasal band composed of golden yellow spots.

British East Africa.

L. jparvula Kenr. Body grey, abdomen somewhat ochreous-yellow. Forewing whitish at the base, parvula.
then grey as far as the postmedian line before which there is an irregular white band. Postmedian line angular,
at the tornus widened into two dark spots; beyond it the wing is pale grey, at the apex darker, at the margin
a row of dark spots. Hindwing brownish-grey with a fine dark marginal line and two transverse lines.

Expanse: 37 mm. Madagascar.

L. melete Fawc. Body blackish -brown, abdomen red with black dorsal spots. Forewing blackish- melcle.
brown with a whitish median band powdered with dark, therein a black dot. An indistinct postmedian band
of grey lunae. Hindwing pale grey. Expanse: 46 mm. British East-Africa.

L. menedes Feme. Blackish-brown, head, tibiae and abdomen red. Forewing greyish-brown, at the meneclcs.
hind-margin reddish. A bent black antemedian line, followed by a white median band powdered with dark,
parted by the posterior edge of the cell. This median band is distally bordered by a blackish band which
is broadest at the costal margin. Besides there is a submarginal undulate line. Fringes spotted red and black.

Hindwing yellowish, fringes and marginal line red. Expanse: 40 mm. British East Africa.

L. arete Fawc. Body reddish-brown; abdomen red with black dorsal spots. Forewing brown with arete.
blackish and rust-brown irroration. A black dot at the base of the cell, a similar one right before the cell-end
and cross-vein with a black streak. Three indistinct pale transverse lines, an antemedian line, one over the
cross-vein, then incurved, and a postmedian one. Marginal area paler. The second and third transverse lines
are distally broadly shaded with dark. Veins and partly the spaces between them are rusty brown. Hind wing
pale brown, towards the apex darker. Margins of both wings with black dots. Expanse: 40 mm. British East
Africa .

L. conspersa sp. n. (25 g). Forewing yellow, basal area violettish-black, bordered by a narrow line conspersa.
of the ground- colour, behind it an antemedian band and a postmedian one, both being broad, connected below
the cell, terminal area for the greatest part dark, with some yellow spots at the margin. Hindwing uni-coloured
ochreous-yellow. Body brownish-yellow. British East Africa. $ type from Guasa Nyioro in the Tring Museum.

L. melissa Fawc. (25 g). Body yellow, abdomen red. Forewing in the basal third brown, only at melissa.
the hind-margin light reddish; then follow two light brownish-pink spots in the <$, which are connected in the
$ and form a transverse band; marginal area broad chrome-coloured, before it traces or spots of a pinkish-
brown lighter postmedian band. Hindwing pink, marginal area ochreous-yellow. British East Africa. The
species varies greatly in the distinctness of the red-brown marking.

L. rufofusca Mab. The position of this doubtful species is very uncertain. Forewing blackish with rufofusca.
a broad black longitudinal band from the base to the costal margin and the centre of the distal margin, the
rest of the wing is dark ochreous-yellow. Two dentate subterminal transverse stripes and fringes black. Hindwing
at the costal margin blackish, in the centre brownish-yellow, the same at the hind-margin. Forewing beneath
reddish with black longitudinal stripes. Hindwing red with a bent median line and a dot at the cross-vein
? Madagascar.

L. flavicilia limps. Body greyish-brown, femora above pink, abdomen pinkish-red with subdorsal small flavicilia.
black dots and ventral black bands, anal tuft yellow. Forewing dark greyish-brown, at the cell-end lighter,
therein a black dot before the cross-vein and a crescent on it. An indistinct dark postmedian line distally bordered
with light grey, and a similar subterminal line. Fringes speckled yellow and brown. Hindwing pale greyish-
brown, hind-margin yellowish- white, fringes with yellow ends. Expanse: 54 mm. Rhodesia.

L. joarniisi Le-Cerf. (25 f). Body grey, abdomen above more pink, beneath brownish-yellow. Forewing joannisi.
reddish-grey, transverse lines indistinct, the most distinct is the crescent on the cross-vein and the subterminal
transverse row of crescentiform spots, which is distally bent between 3 and 4; at the margin small internerval
dots. Hindwing flesh-coloured, the spot on the cross- vein, and large postmedian patches are blackish, the
margin projecting very much between the veins 2 and 4. Madagascar.

L. taurina sp. n. (25 h). Body grey, abdomen above pink with a dorsal row of black dots, beneath taurina.
whitish-yellow, femora jjartly pink. Forewing light grey, basal third darkened, an undulate antemedian line
proximally bordered with whitish. In the light discal area a black crescent on the cross- vein, a dot before it,
and one at the lower cell-angle; behind it a blackish nebulous band, then a postmedian line which is dentate,
towards the hind-margin double. Subterminal line irregular, composed of single moon-spots. Fringes speckled
brownish and grey, at the end whitish. Hindwing white; fringes darker, often with a dark spot on the cross¬
vein and traces of a subterminal band at the apex and tornus. British East Africa, 8 in the Tring Museum.

196

IMAUS. By Dr. M. Hering.

subfusca.

melanocera.

vitrina.

lutea.

heptasticta.

rhodophora.

rubroviri-

dis.

multiscrip-

ta.

fuliginea.

barica.

fumosa.

uxor.

L. subfusca Bsd. Forewing brown, somewhat glossy, greyish-white at the costal margin, with a central
brown dot therein; two fine dentate transverse lines, before the centre and before the distal margin, between
them a whitish median band which is not dentate. A similar somewhat slanting transverse line near the base.
Hindwing reddish-grey with 2 darker dentate transverse lines. Amazulu. Expanse about 40 mm.

L. melanocera Mab. Forewing whitish -hyaline, strewn with darker scales, with yellowish margins.
Hindwing hyaline white, in the centre of the margin below the cell a dark shadow, veins distinctly reddish.
Body white, abdomen at the end yellowish. Antennae deep black, palpi dark reddish. Expanse: 106 mm.
Madagascar.

L. vitrina Mob. Wings almost transparent. Base narrowly yellow, costal margin of forewing black,
veins and fringes black. Thorax yellow like the abdomen, antennae and legs black. Expanse : 65 mm. Madagascar.

L. lutea Bsd. Forewing ochreous-yellow, at the distal margin with a broad brown band which begins
very narrow at the apex and widens very much towards the tornus. Before it a dentate band of dark spots which
is beneath fused with the former band. In the centre of the wing a dark yellow transverse line. Hindwing
yellow with a brown spot at the distal margin near the tornus. Under surface yellow. Expanse about 40 mm.
Amazulu.

L. heptasticta Mab. Forewing whitish hyaline, with a silky gloss, particularly on the veins, where it
turns somewhat yellow. Forewing with a submarginal line of 7 black dots between the veins. Hindwing
white. Thorax reddish-white, abdomen yellowish. Expanse: 70 mm. Madagascar.

L. rhodophora Mab. Wings yellowish- white, suffused with a bright pink, particularly at the base;
beneath yellow mixed with white, the red colour at the margins is obsolete. $ larger, yellowish-white, base
of forewing and disc of hindwing suffused with pink. Antennae, thorax, and apex of abdomen white, abdomen
above pink. Tarsi black. Expanse: $ 50 mm. Madagascar.

L. rubroviridis sp. n. (25 h). Body olive-green, abdomen above basally red, otherwise with black
bands. Forewing olive-green with 2 blackish-brown subbasal spots below the cell, antemedian line in front
very much widened like a spot, the spot on the cross- vein broad, a very undulate postmedian line and a similar
double subterminal line, at the margin spots between the veins. Hindwing pink. Under surface uni-coloured
light greenish- white with a dark brown spot on the cross-vein, and traces of marginal dots. $ type from Bipindi
in the Berlin Museum.

L. multiscripta H oil. (26 a). In spite of the peculiar habitus it belongs to this place structurally. Body
yellow, legs partly dark brown. Abdomen with black dorsal dots. Forewing yellow, powdered with brownish,
with a brown bent subbasal line. A median line is very prominent and forms a sharp angle at the lower cell-
end, connected with the brown spot at the cross-vein. Postmedian line from the apex to 4/5 of the hind-margin,
between the veins 3 and 5 indistinct or interrupted. At the margin indistinct dark dots. Hindwing pale yellow.
Congo.

The following species comprised by Swunhoe under Pyramocera Btlr. presumably all belong to Ly-
mantria.

L. fuliginea Btlr. Forewing smoky brown with an oblong white spot in the cell, containing 2 black
dots. Hindwing smoky brown like the body; collar and abdomen red, dorsal spots and anal tuft black. Expanse
about 80 mm. Madagascar.

L. barica Mab. <$ is said to be similar to L. dispar (Vol. II. pi. 20 d), but larger and stronger. Forewing
reddish-grey, basally more hazy, with indistinct black dentate transverse lines. A square spot at the costal
margin is greyish- white, extending into the light cell, where it exhibits 3 black dots. Hindwing basally reddish-
yellowish, otherwise dark grey. Thorax greyish -black, abdomen above pink with a blackish dorsal stripe.
Expanse: 77 mm. Madagascar.

L. fumosa Saalm. (25 h). Forewing similar to barica, but much smaller. The costal-marginal spot at the
cell-end only light reddish-grey ; the black dots before and at the cell-end otherwise as in this species. Hindwing
quite blackish-brown, beneath at the base and hind-margin and partly on the veins, as well as the base of
th.e forewing yellowish. Expanse (U) about 60 mm. Madagascar.

L. uxor Saalm. (26a). Thorax blackish-brown, collar creamy-white, basally red; abdomen red with
an interrupted black dorsal line. Forewing greyish-brown with a white broad median band exhibiting the 3
black dots before and on the cross- vein, with velvety black antemedian, post median, and discal lines bordered
with white. Hindwing greyish-brown, Expanse: 93 mm. Madagascar.

85. Genus: [mans Mr.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs; forewing without an accessory cell, veins 10 to 7 forked, 7 rising before
10, 6 separated from it. In the hindwing vein 4 is nearer to 3 than to 5, 6 and 7 from the same place. Distal
margin of hindwing at vein 3 distinctly angular, by which the genus is easily discernible. It is more distributed
in the Indo-Australian region.

PSALIS; TERPHOT HRIX ; LIPARODONTA. By Dr. M. Hering.

197

I. malgassica Kenr. Body brownish-grey, thorax with a few pink hairs, abdomen yellowish. Forewing malgassica.
pale brownish-grey with numerous darker dentate transverse lines. Hindwing semi-transparent white. Expanse :

38 mm. Madagascar.

I. lata Holl. (26 a). Body light brownish-grey, abdomen whitish, forewing of an almost white ground- lulu.
colour with fewer though broader brown markings. Brown are the base, a distally convex antemedian line,
distally to it the whole cellular portion, a very broad postmedian line, a similar submarginal line, and traces
of a terminal line. The latter three are broken up into spots. Hindwing all white, at the margin with some
brown dots. Expanse: 39 mm. Cameroon, Ogove.

86. Genus: Hbn.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, palpi with only two joints. Forewing with an accessory cell. 10 rising
from it before 7. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 from the same place, 3 and 4 forked. Forewing of the $ with a
pointedly produced apex.

P. pennatula F. (= securis Hbn.) (25 c). Anterior half of the forewing varying from a yellowish pennatula.
brown to whitish, the posterior longitudinal half bluish-grey, at the hind-margin often brownish and with
traces of black stripes. Hindwing whitish. Distributed in the whole Indo- Australian region. South and East
Africa, Cameroon. — Cf. Vol. II, p. 115 — 116, pi. 22 c; Vol. X, p. 292.

87. Genus: Terphotiirfx Holl.

Forewing with an accessory cell, vein 11 rises separately from the discal cell, in the hindwing 3 X 4
from the same place or forked. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, anterior tarsi with appressed scales, middle
tibiae densely clad with long-stalked scales.

To this genus probably belong also a few species enumerated in the Euproctis.

T. lanarla Holl. (26 e). Forewing creamy-white, in the centre clouded with brown. Three rows of lanaria.

dark dots on the costal margin, one beyond the cross-vein, two before the apex. A subbasal transverse line

and-a subterminal line projecting towards the margin on vein 2 are paler, on the proximal side edged with dark
brown. At the place, where the subterminal line projects distally, there is a series of black dots, proximally
defined by yellowish spots ; distally to them there are black spots on the fringes. Hindwing pale yellowish-
white, fringes partly dark brown; in the $ the wing is slightly clouded with brown. Expanse: 25, 9 30 mm.

Ogove, Cameroon, Fernando Po. Larva with long light yellow hair, dorsally on the segments 4 and 9
with 2 scale-pencils. On the segments 7 to 10 a large vesicular protuberance. Pupa yellowish-white, bare, •
lying in a thin web composed of the hair of the larva.

T. tenuis Holl. (26 e). Forewing whitish, densely powdered with rusty brown, particularly at the tenuis.

apex and distal margin. A small black dot in the centre of the cell, two similar ones above the tornus. At

the cell-end a narrow macula shaped like a K. Subbasal and postmedian lines paler. A white spot at the
apex, followed by some darker crescents, the third of them with a white sagittiform spot. Hindwing purely
white. Expanse: 20 to 30 mm. Ogove, Cameroon.

88. Genus: .ILipsirorioniisi gen. nov.

Anterior and middle tibiae with projecting hairs, hind tibiae with appressed hairs, the latter with. 2
pair of spurs. Palpi with 3 joints, projecting slightly beyond the head. In the fore wing vein 11 rises separately,

10 forked with 8 -)- 9 from the accessory cell, behind r'2 of the pedicle, 7 separated from the pedicle from the
accessory cell, 6 separated from it. In the hindwing 6 and 7 are separated, 4 nearer to 3 than to 5. In fresh
specimens at the tornus a dentiform tuft of scales. Genotype :

L. convexa sp. n. Body pale ochreous, dorsal tufts at the ends brownish. Forewing at vein 4 with convexa.
a distinctly prominent margin, brownish -red, at .the base olive-green, above the hind-margin a triangular
yellowish- white macula crossed by brown, a similar one at the cell-end and the base of veins 3 to 5. At the
margin some blackish dots. Hindwing yellowish- white. $ type from Lolodorf, Cameroon, in the Berlin Museum.

L. uniformis sp. n. Margin less projecting, forewing more uni-coloured, macula at the cell-end indistinct, uniformis
the spot at the hind-margin powdered with dark, hindwing suffused with pale pinkish-brown. $ type from
Ogruga, Niger, in the Tring Museum.

198

RHYPOPTERYX; M YLANTRIA ; ARGYROSTAGMA. By Dr. M. Heeisg.

sordida.

summissa.

diplogram-

ma.

chera.

xanthos pi-
la.

niobe.

89. Genus: Ithypopteryx Auriv.

Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. Forewing without an accessory cell, 10 forked with 7 to 9, rising before
vein 7. In the hindwing vein 4 nearer to 3 than to 5, vein 8 not fused for a long distance with the anterior
edge of the cell.

R. sordida Auriv. (26 e). Blackish, wings diaphanous. Expanse: 32 to 35 mm. The $ resembles
the palearctic Hypogymna morio L. (Vol. II, pi. 19 a) in the habitus. Damaraland, Nigeria.

R. summissa sp. n. (27 f). Body wood-coloured yellowish, abdomen above whitish, forelegs inside
and antennal pinnae blackish, antennal shaft white. Wings diaphanous, fore wing grey, cross- vein and fringes
darker, hindwing dull white, fringes grey. $ type from Nairobi in the Tring Museum.

R. diplogramma sp. n. (27 f). Body with long blackish-brown hair. Eorewing pinkish -brown, pale,
in the distal third of the wing powdered darker, with dark double subbasal, antemedian and postmedian lines,
the latter line behind bordered with light. Hindwing diaphanous grey, basally somewhat lighter. $ type from
German South West Africa. — chera subsp. nov., from Cape Colony, is of a more yellowish-brown ground-colour,
the antemedian and postmedian lines are practically plain, larger. type in the Berlin Museum.

90. Genus: Mylantria Auriv.

Forewing without an accessory cell, vein 10 rises from the pedicle of 8 + 9 before vein 7. 6 rises on
the pedicle of 7 to 10. In the hindwing 6 and 7 are forked, discal cell of normal length.

M. xanthospila Pltz. (= orestes Drc.) (26 g). Forewing intensely yellow with 1 or 2 orange-yellow
spots at the base and seven similar rows of spots as far as the margin, those of the 5th row towards the
margin powdered with brown, cross-vein with a black moon-spot. Hindwing light yellow, with a narrow dark
yellow margin. Abdomen light yellow with an orange-yellow dorsal stripe. Expanse: 45 mm. Aburi.

91. Genus: Argyrostsigma Auriv.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, forelegs long-haired. Forewing with an accessory cell, vein 10 from
its centre, 7 on a short fork with 8 -f- 9. In the hindwing 3 + 4 and 6 + 7 forked.

A. silobe Weym. (= thomsoni Drc.) (26 g). Forewing brown with a silvery white spot at the cell-
end and some dots behind it, hindwing brownish- white. West and East Africa.

Pettigramma spiculata Karsch. described as a Lymantriid, is an Arbelicla (= Salagena transversa Wkr.).
Anomocoetidia basifulva Swd., described as a Zygaenida, exhibiting a Lymantriid habitus, is a G'eometrid.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the Ethiopian Lymantriidae.
* signifies that the form is also figured at the place cited.

abbreviata Das. Kenr. Tr. ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 596, t. 32,
f. 36. *

abysslnica Hyalop. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 139.
achatina Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 168.
achrodisca Aroa Hnips. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 457,
t. 38, f. 30. *

acrisia Das. Pltz. Stett. Ent, Zeit. 41. p. 83. 1880.
acroleuca Das. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 176.
actuosa Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 159. *
acuta Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 159.
adspersa Crorem. H. S. AuBereur. Schmett. f. 109. 1854. *
aegra Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 161. *
aetheria it u and. Strd. Iris 22, p. 111. 1909.
aethiopica Lael. B.-Bak. Ann. nat. Hist. (8) 2, p. 261. 1908.
aethiopica Forth. Snell. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 15, p. 37, t. 3, f. 4, 5.
1872. *

alliius Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 174, t. 17, f. 13. 1893. *

affinis Euproctillops. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 143. *
affinis Marbloid. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 158. *
africana Neomard. Holl. Ent. News 1893, p. 343, t. 15, f. 11. *
agrotoides Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 473, t. 17, f. 16. 1893. *
aino Othroed. Bryk. Arch. Naturg. 81, A. 4, p. 4, f. 1,1915. *
albacosta Org. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 11. p. 421. 1923.'
albacostata Org. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 545. 1911.
albiapex Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 167. *
albibasalis Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 470, t. 17, f. 2. 1893. *
albicostata Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 471, t. 17, f. 5. 1893. *
albida Lael. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 440. 1910.
albifrons Stilpn. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 540. 1911.
albilinea Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 469, t. 18, f. 7. 1893. *
albilunulata Das. Krsch. Ent. Nachr. 21, p. 368. t. 4, f. 12.

1895. *

albimacula Lym. Wllgr. Kongl. Sv. Akad. Handl. 5 (4), pi 35.

1865.

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Lymantriidae.

199

albimaculata Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 177.
albina Creagr. Pltz. Stett. Ent. Zeit. 12, p. 84. 1880.
albinotata Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p.469. 1893.
albinula Eupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 148.
albisigna Lomad. Druce Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 396. 1910.
albissima Stilpn. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 540. 1911.
albosignata Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 434, t. 18, f. 14. 1893. *
albospargata Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 470, t. 17. f. 7. 1893. *
albula Lac. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1917, p. 242, 1. 1, f. 8. *
aliena Creagr. Wllgr. Wien, entom. Monschr. 4, p. 162. 1860.
allotria Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 167. *
amabilis Lael. Auriv. Oefv. Vet. Ak. Forh. 36 (7), p. 58. 1879.
amata Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 187. *
amaura Lael. Her. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 161. *
ambages Schalid. Strd. Deutsch. Ent. Zeit. 1911, p. 584.
ampliata Das. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) 2, p. 460. 1878.
angola Parax. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 545. 1911.
angolae Eupr. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 543. 1911.
angolensis Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 161. *
ania Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 177. *
annnlipes Eupr. Bsdv. Faun. Madag. p. 87, t. 12, f. 3. 1833. *
anthora Aroa Fldr. Reise Novar. Heteroc. t. 100, f. 3. 1874. *
antica Das. Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 5, p. 1074. 1855.
apateloides Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 434, t. 18, f. 1. 1893. *
apicata Das. Holl Psyche 6, p. 471, t. 17, f. 8. 1893. *
apicipuncta Eupr. Holl. Psyche 6, in 418, t. 10, f. 26. 1893.
arctioides Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 416, t. 10, f. 5. 1893. *
arenacea Eupr. L. Syst. Nat. 1, 2, p. 828, Nr. 65. 1767.
arete Lym. Fawe. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915, p. 99, t. 1, f.19.*
argenna Olap. Mab. Ann. Soc. ent. France 58, p. 725. 1899.
argentea Bicell. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 16. 1915. *
argiloides Das. Hoi. Psyche 6, p. 415, t. 10, f. 3, 1893. *
argyroleuca Lac. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 438. 1910.
aspersa Eupr. Fldr. Reis. Novar. Heteroc. t. 100, f. 6, 1868. *
atala Lym. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 11, p.425. 1923.
atricosta Creagr. Hmps. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 19, p. 116,
t. 4, f. 34. *

atrifilata Das. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 401. 1905.
atrigutta Eupr. Wkr. Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1862, p. 77.
atripalpia Ptered. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 435. 510.
atrisquamata Lael. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 441. 1910.
atrodisca Eupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 146.
attroguttata Leucop. Auriv. Ark. Zool. 5, 5, p. 8. 1909.
aurantia Leptar. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 82, A. 3, p. 9. 1916.
aurantia Org. Mab. Ann. Soc. ent. France (5) 9, p. 345. 1879.
aurantiaca Das. Kenr. Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 594,
t. 32, f. 34. *

aurantiaca Nnm. Obthr. Lep. Compar. 21, p. 144, t. 567, f. 4899.*
aurea Lael. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 41. 1915. *
aureoplaga Eupr. Kenr. Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 598.
aureopsis Porthesar. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 151. *
aureotincta Das. Kenr. Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 596,
t. 32, f. 32. *

aurifrons Stilpn. Mschlr. Abh. Senckenb. Ges. 15, p. 75, f. 3.
1887. *

aurivillii Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 165. *
azama Marbl. Kheil. Mem. Soc. Espan. 1, p. 493. 1909.

barchans Lael. Karsch. Ent. Nachr. 24, p. 395. 1898.
bananae Lym. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896, p. 848, t. 43,
f. 9. *

bananoides Lym. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 194. *
barbara Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 167. *
barica Lym. Mab. Bull. Soc. Zool. France 3, p. 90. 1878.
barsineides Lael. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 431. 1893.
basalis Das. Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 811.
basibrunnea Lael. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 415, t. 10, f. 6. 1893. *
basifurca Das. Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 32, p. 335. 1865.
basigutta Nolec. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 5, p. 1080. 1855.
basilinea Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 171. *
basipuneta Lael. Joic. & Tab. Bull. Hill. Mus. 1, p. 556. 1924.
basistriga Das. Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 7, p. 1747. 1856.
batoides Das. Pltz. Stett. Ent. Zeit. 12, p. 85. 1880.
beni Marbl. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 3, p. 428. 1909.
bergmanni Das. Swh. Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 145.
bethuneana Lael. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 80, A. 1, p. 164. 1914.
bicolor Eupr. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 59. 1915. *
bifascia Lael. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 396. 1905.
bigutta Eupr. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 62, t. 3, f. 6. 1893. *
bimaculata Das. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, p. 60 f. 49. 1905. *
binotata Lym. Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 23, p. CVII. 1889.
bipuncta Pirg. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 156.
bipuncta Suarez. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 151. *

bipunctata Eupr. Wichgr. Guben. Ent. Zeit. 15, p. 59. 1921
bipunctata Sap. Holl. Bull. Amer. Mus. 43, p. 295. 1920.
bistigmigera Brachar. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896,
p. 847, t, 43, f. 7. *

bizonoides Eupr. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 677.
blasphemia Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 177. *
blastema Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 187.
boldingii Pyget. Kirb. Cat. Heteroc. 1, p. 446. 1892.
brunneata Das. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 594.
t. 32, f. 25. *

brunneicosta Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 471, t. 17, f. 10. 1843. *
bryophilina Das. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 450. 1910.
butleri Das. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 11, p. 406. 1923.

cadica Nar. Pltz. Stett. ent. Zeit. 41, p. 85. 1880.
caeca Das. Pltz. Stett. ent. Zeit. 41, p. 84. 1880.
caeruleifascia Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 469. 1893.
cafra Othroed. Drur. Ill. Exot. Ins. 3, t. 5, f. 1. 1780.
callima Aroa B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 546. 1911.
cameruna Das. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, p. 59, f. 48. 1905. *
cana Das. Wichgr. Guben. ent. Zeit. 15, p. 94. 1921.
canariensis Eupr. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 598.
Candida Eopirg. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 156. *
cangia Das. Druce Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 674.
carpenteri Das. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 12, p. 64.
carriala Lym. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 495.
carriola Lym. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 11, p. 433. 1923.
castanea Das. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 593,
t. 32, f. 30.

castaneo- striata Eupr. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 599.
castor Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 168. *
cateja Eupr. Wllgr. Wien. ent. Monschr. 4, p. 163. 1860.
catenata Othroed. Jord. Nov. Zool. 31, p. 226. 1924.
catori Aroa B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 546. 1911.
cedestis Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 172. *
charax Brachar. Druce Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 17, p. 352. 1836.
chelonia Das. Ze Cerf Bull. Mus. Paris 27. p. 422. 1921.
cliera Rhyp. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 198.
ckilopkaea Cif. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 189.
chismona Heteron. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 480.
chlorobasis Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 177.
chlorophila Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 166. *
chloroscia Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 167.
chorista Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 166. *
chrysogramma Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 187. *
chrysophaea Eupr. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 32, p. 324. 1865.
cinnamonea Heran. Wllgr. Wien. ent. Monschr. 4, p. 164. 1860 .
circumdata Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 471. t. 17, f. 4, 1893. *
citago Lomad. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 190. *
citrona Eupr. B.-Bak. Ann. (8) 7, p. 542. 1911.
citrona Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 163. *
civilis Aclon. Her. Seitz, Magrolep. 14, p. 148. *
clarki Lael. Janse Ann. Trans. Mus. 5, p. 38. 1915. *
clathatra Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 415, t. 10, f. 4. 1893.
clavis Das. Saalm. Lep. Madag. p. 192, t. 7, f. 108. 1884. *
collini Das. Mab. Bull. Soc. philom. (2) 8, p. 31. 1884.
confinis Das. Dist. Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 4, p. 360. 1899.
confluens Eupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 148. *
congia Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 567, t. 10, f. 12. 1893. *
conjunctifascia Das. Joic. & Talb. Bull. Hill. Mus. 1, p. 162.
1921.

consocia Eupr. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 32, p. 347. 1865.
conspersa Lym. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 195. *
contemptor Eupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 148.
convergens Eupr. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 542. 1911.
convexa Liparod. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 197.
costalis Stilp. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 541. 1906.
costiplaga Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 472, t. 17, f. 25. 1893. *
crausis Das. Druce Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 228,
t. 17, f. 3. *

crenulata Dasychirin. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 550.

1911.

cenulata Rhodes. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 2, p. 261. 1908.
croceigramma Lac. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 439. 1910.
croceisticta Eupr. Hmps. Trans. Zool. Loc. Lond. 19, p. 116,
t. 4, f. 44. 1909. *

erocicollis Olap. H. S. AuBereur. Schmett. f. 110. 1854.
crocipes Crorem. Bsd. Faun. Madag. p. 87, t. 12, f. 2. 1833. *
crocosticta Eupr. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 408. 1905.
crocota Eupr. Bsd. Voy. Delagorgue 2, p. 599. 1847.
cromptoni Das. Swh. Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 467.
croperoides Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 162. *
crueifera Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 453, t. 18, f. 15. 1893. *

200

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Lymantriidae.

ctiscitrona Bupr. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 11, p. 65. 1923.
curvivirgata Das. Karsch. Ent. Nachr. 21, p. 373, t. 4, f. 6.
1S95. *

eymatophorina Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 186.

daphne Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 16S *
daplinoides Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 168.
dealbata Creagr. H. S. AuCereur. Schmett. 1, f. 111. 1854 *
decolorata Arva, Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 154. *
deflecta Aroa Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 154. *
deleta Leptar. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 150. *
delicata Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 451, t. 18, f. 4. 1893.
dentata Bupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 148. *
denudata Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14. p. 173. *
depauperala Forth. Mdb. C. It. Soc. Ent. Belg. 23, p. XVII,
1880.

deplagiata Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 173. *
dewitzi Forth. Grunb. Berlin. Ent. Zeit. 52, p. 71. 1907.
diaphanella Lael. Mdb. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 66, p. 223. 1897.
diascia Lael. Hmps. Ann. S. Air. Mus. 3, p. 395. 1905. *
diatoma Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 186. *
didymata Das. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Loncl. 1913. p. 593,
t. 32, f. 24. *

difficilis Aroa Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 32, p. 328. 1865.
diffusa Aclon. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 191, *
diffusa Das. Dist. Ann. Nat,. Hist. (6) 20, p. 200. 1897.
dilute Das. Hall. Psyche 6, p. 472. t. 17, f. 9. 1893. *
dina Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 187.
diplogramma Rhyp. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 198. *
diplosticta Eupr. Rhl. Ann. Wien. Hofmus. 28, p. 277. 1914.
disealis Aroa Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 792. 1855.
discipuncta Eupr. HoU. Psyche 6, p. 418, t. 10, f. 22. 1893. *
discissa Stilp. Grunb. S. L. Gres. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1910,
p. 174.

discolepia Lael. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 442. 1910.
disjuncta Euproctill. Auric. Arlciv Zool. 2, p. 54. 1905.
disparina Aclon. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 192.
dissimilis Leptar. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 82, A. 3, p. 9. 1916.
dissimilis Heteron. Auriv. Kilimandj. Exp. 9, p. 22. 1910.
disticta Eupr. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 3, p. 429. 1909.
distincta Eupr. Wichgr. Guben. Ent. Zeit. 15, p. 59. 1921.
divisa Marbl. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 815. 1855.
dolosa Marblops. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 158. *
dregei Brachar. If. S. AuBereur. Schmett., f. 114. 1854.
dubia Stilp. Auriv. Oefv. Ak. Forh. 57, p. 1056. 1900.
dubia Das. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 595, t. 32,
f. 23.

dubiosa Dasvchopr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 151 *
dulcinea Lym. Btlr. Cist,. Entom. 3, p. 12. 1882.

eddela Lym. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 494.
clegans Das. Btlr. Cist. Entom. 3, p. 13. 1882.
elegantula Marbl. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 157. *
eleuteria Crorem. Stoll Suppl. Cram. t. 36, f. 13. 1791. *
eleuteriopsis Ruand. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 136. *
endophaea Das. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 446, 1910.
enos Das. Druce Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 17, p. 353. 1896.
cos Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 163. *
eremitana Othroed. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 80, A. 1, p. 42. 1914.
ertli Das. Wichgr. Guben. ent. Zeit. 15, p. 196. 1921.
erubescens Das. Holt. Psyche 6, p. 473, t. 17, f. 17. 1893. *
erythrina Lomad. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 417, t. 10, f. 1. 1893. *
erythrosticta Porth. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 435. 1910.
escota Das. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 399. 1911.
esquamata Parax B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 545. 1911.
euproctina Lael. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, 12, p. 26. 1905.
euproctoides Cror. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 135.
evanescens Lael. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 439. 1910.
eximia Stilp. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 63, t. S f. 14. 1893. *
exoleta Das. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 549. 1911.
extatura Das. Dist. Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 202. 1897.
extorta Das. Dist. Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 203. 1897.
extrema Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 158.

falkensteini Porth. Dewtz. Verh. Leop. Carol. Ak. 42, p. 69.
1881.

fasciata Eupr. Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 809. 1856.
fervida Eupr. Wkr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1863, p. 168.
figlina Lael. Dist. Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 4, p. 361. 1899.
flabellaria Ol. Fb. Mant. Ins. 2, p. 188. 1787.
flava Das. HoU. Psyche 6, p. 472, t. 17, f. 6. 1893. *
flava Lael. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 548. 1911.
flava Leptar Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 150. *
flaveola Aclon. Her Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 191. *

flavescens Heteron. Holl. Ent. News. 4, p. 63. 1893.
flavibasis Anexot. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 157.
flavicapilia Homoeom. Wllgr. Wien. ent. Monschr. 4. p. 163.
1860.

flavieiiia Lym. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 458,
t. 38, f. i4. *

flavicincta Eupr. J arise Ann. Trans. Mus. 5, p. 61. t. 3, f. 27.
1915. *

flavifrons Stilp. Hmps Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 434. 1910
flavimargo Laelar. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 163. *
flavinotata Aclon. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1898, p. 428.
t. 32, f. 8. *

flavipectus Sap. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 14, p. 131. 1904.
flavitincta Lac. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 439. 1910 =
fleuriotti Eupr. Guer. Rev. Zool. 1862, p. 344, t. 14, f. 2, 2 a. *
florida Eupr. Swh. Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 403.
floridula Eupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 146.
fracta Lael. Schs. & Clem. Sierra Leone Lep. p. 26, t. 1, f. 12.
1893. *

fuliginea Lym. Btlr. Jrnl. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 15, p. 85.
1880.

fuliginosa Das. Saalm. Lep. Madag. p. 193. 1884.
fulviceps Olap. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 455,
t. 38, f. 15. *

fulvicolora Leptar. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 456.
fulvicosta Lael. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 443. 1910.
fulvinotata Crorem. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 678.
fulvipennis Eupr. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 458, t.
38, f. 31. *

fumitincta Eupr. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 437. 1910.
fumosa Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 469. 1893.
furva Olap. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 391. 1905.
fusca Das. HoU. Psyche 6, p. 472, t. 17, f. 12. 1893.*
fusca Das. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 918 u. 7, p. 1724.
1855. 1856.

fusca Stilp. (Auriv.) Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 131. *
fuscinotata Lael. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 440. 1910.
fuscivena Strac. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 388.
fuscovenata Ogva Wichgr. Guben. ent. Zeit. 15, p. 172. 1921.
fuscula Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 185.

gabuuica Das. HoU. Psyche 6, p. 414, t. 10, f. 19. 1S93.
ganymedes Aclon. ( Tessm .) Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 191. *
gaudens Eupr. Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 32, p. 357. 1865.
gemmate Eupr. Dist. Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 200. 1897.
gemmatula Lac. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 142.
gentilis Das. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 239. 1879.
geoffreyi Das. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 12, p. 64. 1913.
georgiaua Das. Faroe. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 15, p. 314,
t. 49, f. 19—21. 1900. *
gephyra Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 170. *
gigantea Lael. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 443. 1910.
gloriosa Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 166. *
glovera Das. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 545. 1906.
gloveroides Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 170. *
guava Das. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 477.
gondana Lym. Stvh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 495.
gonophora Das. HoU. Psyche 6, p. 470, t. 17, f. 1. 1893. *
goodi Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 390, t. 9, f. 3. 4. 1893. *
gracilis Eupr. Hpffr. Peters Reise Zool. 5, p. 430, t. 28, f. 4. 5.
1862. *

gracillima Stilp. HoU. Ent. News 1893, p. 64, t. 3, f. 9. *
grammodes Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 177.
grandidieri Das. Btlr. Cist. Entom. 3, p. 14. 1882.
grandis Numenoid. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 23S. 1879.
greeni Das. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 33. 1915. *
grisea Dasyarct. Gaede Entom. Rdsch. 40, p. 29.
grisea Dasych. Pagst. Jahrb. nass. Ver. Naturk. 56, p. 24. 1903.
griseinubes Das. Hmps. Ami. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 449. 1910.
griseo-Striata Eupr. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 599.
gwelila Das. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 469.

haematica Lael. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 395. 1905.
haemodetes Eupr. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 408. 1905.
hampsoni Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 182.
hardenbergia Porth. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 64, t. 3,
f. 24. 1915. *

hastifera Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 176.
hemileuca Marbl. Rbl. Ann. Wien. Hofmus. 28, p. 277. 1914.
liemippa Lael. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 543. 1906.
lieptasticta Lym. Mab. Bull. Soc. Zool. France 3, p. 90. 1878.
hera Das. Druce Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 1, p. 209. 1S98.
herbida Das. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 7, p. 1740 1856

Publ. 4. I. 1927.

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Lymantriidae.

20 J

hesperia Othroed. Crmr. Pap. Exot. 3, t. 251, f. A. B. 1780. *
heterosticta Lac. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 4.37. 1910.
hieroglyphica Das. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 144.
hiloides Das. Holl. Bull. Amer. Mus. 43, p. 298. 1920.
hoesemanni Lomad. Bryk Arch. Naturg. 79, A. 3, p. 9. 1913.
holdingii Pyget. Fldr. Reis. Novar. Zool. Heteroc. t. 99, f. 8.
1868. *

hololeuca Ptered. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 435. 1910.
horrida Das. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 470.
hyalinula Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 163. *
liyloica Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 473, t. 17, f. 26. 1893. *
hylomima Abyn. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 433. 1893.
hypocrita Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 176.
hypoleucis Lael. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 431, t. 10, f. 7. 1893. *
hypoxantha Aroa Wllgr. Kong. Vet. Ak. Handl. 2, 5, Nr. 4,
p. 35. 1865.

hypoxantha Numen. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 416, t. 10, f. 14. 1893.*

ignepicta Stenar. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 444. 1910.
ila Das. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 146.
imitans Olap. Auriv. Ann. Mus. Genov. 4, p. 529. 1910.
impuncta Eupr. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1898, p. 427,
t, 32, f. 6. *

impura Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. p. 14, 159. *
inaffinis Polym. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 189.
incerta Aroa Rghfr. Ann. Wien. Hofmus. 6, p. 464. 1891.
incerta Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 162.
incommoda Eupr. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 11. 1882.
inconspicua Das. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 549. 1911.
inconspicua Aclon. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Lond. 1916, p. 139, t. 2,
f. 9. *

indentata Marbl. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 61, t. 3, f. 8. 1893. *
ultima Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 476, t. 17, f. 29. 1893. *
infirma Das. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 11, p. 407. 1923.
infracta Lael. B.-Bcik. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 547. 1911.
innocens Croremops. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 136.
insignis Euproctill. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, p. 54. 1905.
insolita Das. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, p. 61, f. 50. 1905. *
intermedia Strac. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, p. 50. 1905.
intermissa Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 159. *
iridescens Eupr. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 56, t. 3, f. 18.
1915. *

isis Eupr. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 542. 1911.

janenschi Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 161.
janthina Dasych. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 26. 1915. *
joannisi Lym. Le Cerf. Bull. Mus. Paris. 27, p. 423. 1921.
johnstoni Lomad. Sivh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 480.
jonesi Othroed. Sharpe Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 7, p. 134. 1891.
jordani Leptar. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 150. *

kalili Leucoper. Holl. Bull. Amer. Mus. 43, p. 296. 1920.
kamerunica Eupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 148.
kenricki Eupr. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 11, p. 50. 1923.
kitchingi Lael. B.-Bak. (8) 3, p. 429. 1909.

laba Stilp. Schs. & Clem. Sierra Leone Lep. p. 25, t. 1, f. 4.
1893. *

lacipa Porthesar. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 151.
ladburi Das. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 11, p. 409. 1923.
ladburyi Das. B.-Bak. Ann. (8) 7, p. 1911.
laeliopsis Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 175.
lampra Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 166.
lanaria Terph. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 474, t. 18, f. 9. 1893, *
lasea Somat. Druce Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 3, p. 468.
lata Imaus Holl. Psyche 6, p. 432, t. 10, f. 13. 1893. *
latifascia Euproctilla Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 141.
lavia Lael. Swh. Transv. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 443.
lemuria Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 175. *
lemiu'ia Porthes. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 140.
leonensis Aroa Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 444. 1910.
lepidographa Eupr. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 436. 1910.
leptopepla Cymar. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 411. 1905.
leucogramma Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 176. *
leucogramma Lomad. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 451 1910.
ieucogyna Heter. Hmps. Prov. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 459,
t. 38, f. 25. *

leucolepis Lael. Mob. Ann. Soc. Ent. Prance 66, p. 223. 1897.
leucoptera Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep 14, p. 163. *
leucostigmata Das. Her. Seitz, Mac o!ep. 14, p. 176.
libella Das. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 145.
libyra Numen. Druce Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 17, p. 352. 1896.
lignea Das. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 241. 1879.

lignicolor Lael. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 431. t. 10, f. 17. 1893. *
limonea Eupr. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 11. 1882.
limpida Sap. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 389.
lindblomi Marbl. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 14, Nr. 5, p. 21. 1921.
lili giosa Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 181. *
liturata Creagr. Guer. Cit. ?

longistriata Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 177.
lorimeri Polym. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1878, p. 387.
loveni Pirg. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 14, Nr. 5, p. 20. 1921.
loxogramma Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 176. *
lugardi Aclon Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 493.
lunensis Das. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 400. 1905.
lunifera Nar. Wkr. Proc. N. H. Soc. Glasgow 1, p. 339.
lutea Lym. Bsdv. Voy. Delagorg. 2, p. 139. 1847.
lutea Pirg. Griinb. Berlin. Ent. Zeit. 52, p. 69. 1907.
luteipes Stilp. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 843. 1855.
luteola Pirg. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 156. *
luteolata Das. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 596.
t. 32, f. 31. *

lymanti'ioides Aclon. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 191. *
lyona Porth. Swh. An. Nat. Hist. (7) 14, p. 131. 1904.

mabilli Nar. Rochebr. Bull. Soc. pliilom. (7) 8, p. 30. 1884.
macrocera Creagr. Sharpe Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 5, p.443. 1890.
niacrodonta Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 178. *
maculata Fodin. Btlr. Ent. Mo. Mag. 21, p. 198. 1885.
maculata Lael. Wichgr. Guben. ent. Zeit. 15, p. 20 u. 59. 1 021'
maculilera Hexan. Wien. ent. Monschr. 4, p. 164. 1860.
magna Pirg. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 436.
magnifica Das. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 447. 1910.
makala Olap. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 3, p. 428. 1909.
malgassica Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 178. *
malgassica Imaus Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 599,
t, 32, f. 35. *

malgassica Org. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 597,
t. 32, f. 21. *

maligna Das. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 17. 1882.
manicata Heteron. Auriv. Ent. Tidsskr. 13, p. 193. 1892.
manifesta Othroed. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p, 434.
marginenotata Cifun. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 189.
marginepunctata Lael. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 2, p. 261.

1908.

marginepunctata Red. Saalm. Lep. Madag. p. 182. 1884. *
maria Stilp. Kirb. Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 18. p. 383. 1896.
marwitzi Lym. Griinb. Berlin, ent. Zeit. 52, p. 70. 1907.
mascarena Das. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) 2, p. 294. 1878.
maseniensis Leptar. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 82, A. 3, p. 9. 1916,
mediofasciata Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 175. *
mediosquamosa Eupr. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 3, p. 428.

1909.

meinickei Abyn. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 188. *
melalepia Eupr. Hmps. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 19, p. 117,
t. 4, f. 43. 1909. *

melaleuea Eupr. Holt. Psyche 6, p. 418, t. 10, f. 24. 1893. *
melanocera Olap. Hmps. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 19, p. 116,
t. 4, f. 33. 1909. *

melanocera Lym. Mab. Bull. Soc. Zool. France 3, p. 89. 1878.
melanochila Stilp. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 131. *
melanocraspis Red. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 393. 1905.
melanoleuca Aroa Hmps. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 408. 1905.
melanopholis Eupr. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 436. 1910.
melanoproctis Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 186. *
melanosticta Lac. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 438. 1910.
melanovis Eupr. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 78, A. 8, p. 319. 1912.
melaxantha Aroa Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 32, p. 324. 1865.
melete Lym. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915, p. 98, t. 1,
f. 9. *

melia L3un. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Lond. 1915, p. 99.
melissa Lym. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915, p. 99, t. 1,
f. 10. *

melochlora Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 178. *
menecles Lym. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915, p. 99, t. 2,
f. 28. *

mentiens Crorem. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 811. 1855.
mesomelaena Eupr. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 417, 1. 10, f. 20. 1893. *
mesoxantlia Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 161. *
mesozona Eupr. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 407. 1905,
methathermes Das. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 400. 1905.
metella Lym. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915, p. 99, t. 2,
f. 31. *

micans Lael. Wichgr. Guben. ent. Zeit. 15, p. 93, 1921.
mima Porthes. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 1912, A. 7, p. 106.
miniata Eupr. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 598.

XIV

20

202

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Lymantriidae.

miniata Euproctoid. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p.544. 1911.
ininiata Lym. Griinb. Ent. Wochenbl. 24, p. 126. 1907.
minima Micrar. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 53. 1915.
minima Olap. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 137. *
mintha Rhodes. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1917, p. 241.
t. 1, f. 19. *

mirabilis Pirg. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 12, p. 228, t. 2, f. 1. 1872. *
miselioides Das. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 595,
t, 32, f. 28. *

miserata Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 471, t. 17, f. 3. 1893. *
mixta Org. Snell. Tijdschr v. Ent. 1872, p. 38, t. 3, f. 6, 7. *
mnemosyne Pirg. Rbl. Ann. Wien. Hofmus. 28, p. 278. 1914.
modesta Lym. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 859.
modesta Eupr. Sells. & Clem. Sierra Leone Lep. p. 26. 1893.
moerens Das. Bilr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 14. 1882.
monopliyes Eupr. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 541. 1906.
monosticta Ptered. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1898, p. 428,
t, 32, f. 7. *

mosera Lym. Deuce Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 1, p. 208. 1898.
lmiltidentata Eupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 148.
nmltilinea Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 186.
multipunctis Das. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78, A. 8, p. 313. 1912.
multiscripta Lym. Hall. Psyche 6, p. 398, t. 10, f. 34. 1893. *
municipals Das. Disi. Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 200. 1897.
inuscosa Das. Hull. Psyche 6, p. 453. 1893.

natalensis Porth. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 62. 1915. *
n'dalla Eupr. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 542. 1911.
neavei Eupr. Tams. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 14, p. 503. 1924.
neavei Ogoa Rotlisch. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 17, p. 476. 1916.
nebulifera Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 176.
nepheloptera Eupr. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 457,
t, 38, f. 21. *

nerina Othroed. Dru. Ill. Exot. Ins. 3, p. 6, Ind. t. 5, f. 2.
1780. *

nessa Eupr. Sivh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 542. 1906.
neurabrunnea Parap. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 550.
1911.

nigerrima Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 175.
nigra Eupr. Hall. Psyche 6, p. 417, t. 10, f. 16. 1893. *
nigribasis Olap. Janse Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 17, p. 185. 1917.
nigricosta Olap. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 392. 1905.
nigrifiuis Porth. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 393.
nigrifrons Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 10, p. 478. 1922.
nigripes Stilp. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 62. 1893.
nigripes Lael. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 441. 1910.
nigripieta Aroa Holl. Psyche 6, p. 432, t. 10, f. 9. 1893. *
nigripulverea Lael. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 42, 1915. *
nigripuncta Eupr. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 58, t. 3,
f. 19. 1915. *

nigristriata Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 473, t. 17, f. 14. 1893. *
nigrocristata Org. Joic.& Tall). Bull. Hill. Mus. 1, p. 556. 1924.
nigrolunulata Das. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 543. 1911.
nigroplagata Cifun. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 12, p. 64.
1913.

nigropuncta Ptered. Her Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 133. *
nigrosparsata Das. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 596.
nigrosquamosa Eupr. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 541.
1911.

nigrostriata Lym. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 597.
nigrovenata Eupr. Her. Macrolep. 14, p. 146.
niobe Argyr. Wcym. Berlin. Ent. Zeit. 41, p. 89. 1896.
liitida Stilp. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 379.
nivea Homoeom. Auriv. Voeltzk. Ostafr. Reis. II, p. 338. 1909.
nivea Pseudarct. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 540. 1911.
niveola Marblops. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 158. *

♦nobilis Eupr. H. S. AuBereur. Schmett. f. 388. 1855. *
noetua Porth. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 151.
nolana Das. Mab. Le Natural 2, p. 134. 1882.
nora Das. Pagst. Jalu’b. nass. Ver. 56, p. 24. 1903.
nosera Leptar. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 150. *
notata Laelap. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 238. 1879.
notia Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 166. *
nubifera Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 568, t. 18, f. 2. 1893. *
nubifuga Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 451, t. 18, f. 3. 1893. *
nubilata Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 469. 1893.

Hilda Olap. Holl. Donalds. Smith’s travels p. 409, t. f. 5. 1897.
nudiuscula Hyalop. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, Nr. 4, p. 63. 1905.
nyctemerina Marbl. Rbl. Ann. Wien. Hofmus. 28, p. 278. 1914.

oberthueri Ogoa Rotlisch. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 17, p. 476. 1916.
obliqua Aroa B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 546. 1911.
obliqua Crorem. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 7, p. 1734. 1856. I

obliqualinea Dasychirin. B.-Bak. (8) 7, p. 550. 1911.
obliqualinea Lymantriad. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 550.
1911.

obliquilinea Das. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915. p. 100.
t. 1, f. 18. *

obscura Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 452. 1853.
obscura Lomad. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 146.
obsoletissima Das. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 549.
1911.

occidentis Othroed. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 2, p. 403. 1854.
ocellata Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 432. t. 10, f, 8. 1893. *
ocellata Das. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913. p. 594,
t. 32, f. 27. *

ocellatula Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 180.
oeellifera Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 454, t. 18, f. 5. 1893. *
ochracea Lael. Snell. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 15, p. 39, t. 3, f. 8. 1872. *
ochraeeata Aroa Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 32, p. 327. 1865.
oclirea Eupr. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) 2, p. 459. 1878.
ochrea Lac. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 142. *
ochriaria Lomad. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 451. 1910.
ocliricoloria Leptar. Strd. Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1911, p. 374.
ocliroderoea Das. Mab. Ann. Soc. ent. France 66, p. 223. 1897.
octophora Das. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr Mus. 3, p. 402. 1905.
ogovensis Stilp. Holl. Ent. News 1893, p. 63, t. 3, f. 12, 13. *
oloris Sap. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 136. *
omissa Aroa Holl. Psyche 6, p. 536, t. 18, f. 20. 1893. *
omissa Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14. p. 171. *
onii Eupr. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 541. 1911.
opalina Oim. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 817. 1855.
opMalmodes Das. Her. Seitz. Macrolep. 14, p. 181. *
ordinata Lael. Karseh Ent. Nachr. 21, p. 372. 1895.
orestes Mylantr. Druce Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 18S7, p. 674.
ornata Das. Obthr. Lep. Comp. 21. pt. 2, p. 145, t. 507, f. 4898. *
orphnina Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 186.
orthogramma Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 165. *
osiris Parapr. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 543. 1911.
ostentum Eupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 147.
ostra Eupr. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903. p. 402.

pachytaenia Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 177.
pactor Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 162. *
paetula Laeliol. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 154.
pais Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 177.
palla Eupr. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 418, t. 10, f. 23. 1893. *
palfida Das. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 17. 1882.
pallida Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 469, t. 17, f. 11. 1893. *
pallida Eupr. Kirb. Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 18, p. 384, t. 19, f. 6.
1896. *

pallidula Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 163. *
papilionaris Othroed. Jord. Nov. Zool. 31. p. 224. 1924.
paradoxa Marbloid. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 157. *
parallella Eupr. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 418, t. 10, f. 21. 1893. *
parva Stilpn. Pltz. Stett. ent. Zeit. 12, p. 84. 1880.
parvula Lym. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1912, p.597, t. 32,
f. 29. *

pastor Das. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 15. 1882.
patavia Eupr. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 11, p. 54. 1923.
paupera Brachar. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 164.
paupera Leptar. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 150. *
pectinata Porth. Fryer Trans. Limm. Soc. Lond. 15, p. 14,
t. 1, f. 12. 1912. *

peculiaris Das. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 240. 1879.
pellucida Pirg. Wichgr. Guben. ent. Zeit. 15, p. 197. 1921.
pellucida Strac. Griinb. Berl. ent. Zeit. 52, p. 69. 1907.
pennatula Psal. Fb. Ent. Syst. 3, 1, p. 465. 1793.
perbrunnea Lael. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 440. 1910.
pereulta Baz. Dist. Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 201. 1897.
perdita Das. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 549. 1911.
perfasciata Pirg. Wichgr. Guben. ent. Zeit. 7, p. 21. 1913.
perfida Aroa B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 546. 1911.
permagnifica Othroed. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 413. 1S93.
perpusilla Eupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 148.
petavia Eupr. Stoll. Pap. Exot. 4, p. 347. F. 1782. *
phaeophlebia Baz. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 455,
t. 38, f. 11. *

phaeosericea Das. Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 28, p. CLXXXIX.
1884.

phasiana Das. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 17. 1882.
plieosia Das. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 448. 1910.
phlebitis Crop. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 394. 1905.
phoca Das. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 448. 1910.
pkylax Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 167. *
picta Pachyc. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 11. 1882.

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Lymantriidae.

203

picta Lac. Bsdv. Voy. Delagorg. 2, p. 599. 1847.
pinodes Aroa B.-Bak. (8) 7. p. 547. 1911.
pirgula Marblops. Her. Seitz. Macrolep. 14, p. 158. *
pista Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 167. *
plagiata Das. Wltr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 810. 1855,
plana Eupr. Fawc. Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915, p. 100. t. 1,
f. 18. *

planax Othroed. Jord. Nov. Zool. 31, p. 221. 1924.
plotzi Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 186.
plumosa Ptered. Hmps. Arm. S. Afr. Mus. 1905, p. 412.
pluto Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 176.
poecila Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 167. *
polia Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 173. *
poliotis Das. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 449. 1910.
pollux Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 168. *
postalba Das. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 545. 1906.
postfusca Das. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 1905, p. 397.
postpura Das. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 1905, p. 397.
praestans Num. Saalm. Lep. Madag. 1, p. 187. 1884.
prasina Das. Bilr. Cist. ent. 3, p. 16. 1882.
preussi Abyn. Mob. Vieille Nov. Lep. 1, p. 57, t. 9, f. 5. 1892. *
privata Hyaolop. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 139.
privata Lac. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 141.
problematic^ Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 174 *
procincta Das. Saalm. Ber. Senck. Gres. 1879/80, p. 267. 1880.
producta Porth. Wkr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1863, p. 168.
proleprota Das. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 401. 1905.
proletaria Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 452, t. 18, f. 6. 1893. *
prolixa Crorem. Wllgr. Wien. ent. Monschr. 4, p. 162. 1860.
promelaena Strac. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 63, t. 3, f. 11. 1893. *
promissa Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 159.
propensa Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 169. *
prospera Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 182. *
protecta Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 163. *
proxantha Marbl. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 62. 1893.
pruinosa Stilp. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 236. 1879.
pruinosa Lym. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 194.
pseudolacipa Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 163. *
pseudosatanas Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 183. *
pubescens Lac. Sivh. Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 404.
pulcherrima Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 169. *
pulchra Das. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 544. 1906.
pulchripes Das. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, p. 5S, f. 47. 1905. *
pulverea Lac. Dist. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1, p. 117. 1898.
pumila Nolipr. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 16. 182.
punctifera Eupr. Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 792. 1855.
punctifera Das. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 12, p. 809. 1857.
punctulata Lael. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (4) 16, p. 400. 1875.
purissima Stilp. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 130. *
pusillima Porth. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78, A. 9, p. 149.
putilla Porth. Saalm. Lep. Madag. p. 184. 1884.
putris Eupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 145.
pygmaea Eupr. Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 793. 1855.
pyrosoma Das. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 450. 1910.
pytna Das. Druce Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 1. p. 210. 1898.

quadrifascia Eupr. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8)7, p. 541. 1911.
quadrimaculata Aroa Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 50, t. 3,
f. 16. 1915. *

quadriplagata Aroa Pgst. Jahrb. nass. Ver. 56, p. 22. 1903.
quadripunctata Lac. Deivtz. Leop. Carol. Akad. 42, p. 67, t. 3,
f. 4. 1884.

quadripunctata Brachar. Wllgr. Oefv. Vet. Ak. Forh. 32 (1),
p. 99. 1876.

quiuquepunctata Das. Mschlr. Abh. Senkenb. Ges. 15, p. 75.
1887.

rebuti Lym. Pouj. Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 9, p. LXIII. 1889.
reducta Brachar. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 164. *
reimeri Homoeom. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78, A. 8, p. 312. 1912.
rendalli Homochir. Dist. Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 203. 1897.
reutlingeri Eupr. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 414, t. 10, f. 18. 1893. *
rhodalipha Aclon. Fldr. Reis. Novar. Heteroc. t. 100, f. 25.
1868. *

rhodapicata Heteron. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 416, t. 10, f. 15. 1893. *
rhodea Aclon. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 405. 1905.
rhodopepla Lym. Fldr. Reis. Novar. Heteroc. 1. 100, f.23. 1868 *
rhodophora Lym. Mab. Bull. Soc. philom. (7) 3, p. 137. 1879.
rhopalum Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 177.
rivularis Eupr. Gaede. Guben. ent. Zeit. 9, p. 125. 1915.
rivularis Lael. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 442. 1910.
robusta Lac. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 142.
robusta Lael. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 41. 1915.

robusta Das. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 799. 1856.
rocana Das. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 545. 1906.
rogersi Lael. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 12, p. 64. 1913.
roi'ida Eupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 148.
rosea Lael. Schs.& Clem. Sierra Leone Lep. p. 26, 1. 1 , f . 5. 1893.
rosea Lym. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 239. 1879.
roseicoxa Stilp. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1913, p. 599, t. 31. f . 11.*
ruandana Horn. Grurib. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 150. *
rotunda Eupr. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 418, t. 10, f. 25. 1893. *
rubricosta Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 167. *
rubricosta Eupr. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lorrd. 1917, p. 242,
t. 1, f. 7. *

rubrifilata Das. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3. p. 399. 1905.
rubripunctata Aclon, Weym. Stett. ent. Zeit. 53, p. 108. 1892.
rubroguttata Eupr. Auriv. Zool. 2 (4), p. 53. 1905.
rnbroviridis Lym. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 196. *
rufescens Heteron. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 189.
rufescens Micrar. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 405. 1905.
rnficata Das. Sivh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 11, p. 409. 1923.
ruficosta Das. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 548. 1911.
rufifemur Polym. Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 3, p. 768. 1855.
rufiterga Red. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 435. 1910.
rufiterga Eupr. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 436. 1910.
rufofusca Lym. Mab. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 68, p. 725. 1900.

] rufopunctata Eupr. Wkr. Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1862, p. 265.
rufotincta Aclon. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 191. * ,
rufotincta Das. Kenr. Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 593,
t. 32 f. 33. *

ruptilinea Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 434, t. 10, f. 11. 1893. *
rusticana Lym. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 193. *

sagittiphora Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 176. *
sanguigutta Eupr. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 407. 1905.
sanguinea Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 170.
sarcistis Lac. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3, p. 403. 1905.
sarcistoides Lac. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 142. *
satanas Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 182. *
saturata Lomad. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 147.
satyrus Euproctill. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 141.
saussurii Das. Deivtz. Verh. Leop. Carol. Ak. 13, p. 69, t. 2, f . 13.
1881. *

seotina Das. Her. Macrolep. 14, p. 176. *
scurra Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 167. *
scurrilis Polym. Wllgr. Wien. ent. Monschr. 4. p. 163. 1860.
securis Psalis Hbn. Zutr. ex. Schmett. 2, p. 9. 1823.
seitzi Das. Her. Seitz. Macrolep. 4, p. 168. *
semihyalina Marbl. Joic.& Taft). Bull. Hill. Mus. 1. p.557. 1924.
semimida Groper. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 441. 1910.
sericaria Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep, p. 4, p. 163. *
sericea Stilp. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 599.
sericea Croper. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 441. 1910.
sericea Eupr. Tams. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 14, p. 502. 1924.
setinioides Lael. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 431. 1893.
sexpunctata Lac. Dist. Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 201.
siderea Ptered. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 134. *
siga Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 163. *
signata Aroa Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 32, p. 328. 1865.
signifera Nar. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 7, p. 1744. 1856.

simplex Ogva Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 7. p. 1764. 1856.

simplex Synog. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, Nr. 4, p. 53. 1905.
sjostedti Eupr. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, Nr. 4, p. 53. 1905.
solida Lael. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 21, p. 372.
soloides Lael. Holl. Bull. Amer. Mus. 43, p. 299. 1920.
sordida Lael. Mschlr. Abh. Senkenb. Ges. 15, p. 74. 1887.
sordida Rhyp. Auriv. Oef. Ak. Forh. 1879. Nr. 7, p. 58.
spargata Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 170. *

sphalera Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 169. *

sphaleroides Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 170. *
splendida Lael. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 163. *
squamiplaga Eupr. Wkr. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasg. 1, p. 338.
1869.

squamosa Eupr. Wkr. List, Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 920. 1856.
staphylinochrous Cror. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 135. *
staudingeri Fod. Saalm. Lep. Madag. 1, p. 154, t. 5, f. 63.
1884/ *

stegmauni Das. Grurib. Soc. Ent. 24, p. 146. 1910.
steliata Eupr. Dist. Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 202. 1887.
stenoptera Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 186. *
stigmatica Das. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 415, t. 10, f. 2. 1893. *
stilpnaroma Crop. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 135. *
straminea Lael. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 443. 1910.
straminicolor Eupr. Janse. Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 59, t. 3,
f. 20. 1915. *

204

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Lymantriidae.

striata Das. HoU. Psyche, 6, p. 452, t. 17, f. 28. 1893.
striata Gramm. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, Nr. 4, p. 52. 1905. *
strigidentata Das. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 548. 1911.
strigitorna JTeter. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 459,
t. 38, f. 24. *

Styx Das. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7. p. 550. 1911.
suarezia Das. Mab. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 66, p. 222. 1897.
suballa Porth. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 64, t. 3, f. 25.
1915. *

subapicalis Ptered. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 133. *
subflava Das. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 918. 1855.
subfusca Lym. Bsdv. Voy. Delagoi'g. 2, p. 598. 1847.
subluteseens Das. HoU. Psyche 6, p. 433. 1893.
subochracea Das. Auriv. Kilimandj. Exp. 9, p. 23. 1910.
subpunctata Eupr. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 544. 1911.
subrosea Lael. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 801. 1856.
subrufa Lael. Snell. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 15, p. 39. 1872.
subviridis Das. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 32, p. 460. 1865.
subviridis Lael. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 39. 1915.
sudanica Crop. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 80, A. 10, p. 101. 1914.
suffusa Lac. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 141.
sulpliurea Crorem. PUz. Stett. ent. Zeit. 41, p. 84. 1880.
sulphureivena Sap. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, Nr. 4. p. 50, 1905.
summissa Rhyp. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 198. *

Simdara Eupr. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 403.
Susanna Eupr. Stgr. Iris 7, p. 258, t. 9, f. 9. 1894. *
suspecta Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p 175.
suspensa Eupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 146.
swinnyi Lael. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 40. 1915. *
symbolum Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 167. *

taberna Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 175.
tabida Porth. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 140.
tacita Lym. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 193. *
taeniosoma Laeliopr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 143. *
taurina Lym. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 195.’
tavetensis Sap. HoU. Ent. Suppl. 25, p. 93. 1895.
telesilla Sap. Bruce Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 3, p. 469. 1899.
teniperata Olap. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 823. 1855.
tenera Marbl. HoU. Ent. News 4, p. 61, t. 3, f. 7. 1893 *
tenuimargo Othroed. Prout. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 1, p. 318. 1918.
tenuis Terph. HoU. Psyche 6, p. 475, t. 18, f. 18. 1893. *
tephra Das. H. S. AuBereur. Schmett. 1, p. 387. 1855. *
terminalis Eupr. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 4, p. 794. 1855.
tessellata Aclon. Dist. Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 201. 1897.
tessellata Eupr. HoU. Psyche 6, p. 417. 1893.
tessnianni Eupr. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 144.
tessmanni Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 173. *
testacea Croper. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 826. 1855.
thanatos Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 175.
therinoplaga Das. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 446. 1910.
thersites Das. HoU. Psyche 6, p. 454. 1893.
thomsoni Argyr. Bruce Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 1, p. 209. 1898.
thymiathis Cimol. Bruce Ent. Mo. Mag. 20, p. 156. 1883.
ticana Aroa Schs. & Cl. Sierra Leone Lep. p. 27, t. 1, f. 11.
1893. *

tipliia Stilp. Swli. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 381.
titania Eupr. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 237. 1879.
tomisa Aroa Bruce Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 17, p. 353. 1886.
torniplaga Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 175.
torrida Eupr. Bist. Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 202. 1897.
tottea Lym. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 494.
translucida Stracill. Obthr. Ann. Mus. Genov. 4, p. 117, t. 1,
f. 6. 1880. *

fransvalensis Pirg. Janse Ann. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 13. 1915.
triangulifera Aclon. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 451. 1910.
tricolor Org. H. S. AuBereur. Schmett. 1, f. 472. 1856. *
trocta Barab. Karsch. Ent. Nachr. 21, p. 371. 1895.

ugandensis Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 175.
ugandicola Eupr. Strd. Stett. ent. Zeit. 72, p. 375. 1911.
ukamica Porth. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78, A. 9, p. 149.
umbrata Aroa B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 2, p. 261. 1908.

| umbrata Lomad. Bryk. Arch. Naturg. 79, A. 3, p. 10. 1913.
j umbrensis Das. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. 12, p. 65. 1913.

I umbricolora Das. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 445. 1911.
| uniformis Liparod. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 197.

1 unilineata Dasychirin. B.-Bak. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 550.
1911.

unipuncta Eupr. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (9) 11, p. 59. 1923.
j unipunctata Lael. Mschlr. Abh. Senckenb. Ges. 15, p. 74. 1887.
I unipunctata Croper. Wichgr. Guben. ent. Zeit. 15, p. 93. 1921.
ursina Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 175.
usebia Ptered. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 382.

! usebria Ptered. Janse Ann. Trans. Mus. 5, p. 67. 1915.
utilis Eupr. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903, p. 415.
uxor Lym. Saalm. Lep. Madag. 1, p. 190. 1884.

vacillans Lym. Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 4, p. 873. 1855.
vagans Porth. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 140.
vaporata Org. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 192. *
variegata Eupr. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 598.
varipes Narom. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 32, p. 498. 1865.
varunea Othroed. Bruce Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1882, p. 780.
vata Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1903. p. 381.
vecontia Olap. Bruce Ami. Nat. Hist. (7) 3, p. 469. 1899.
vectigera Fod. Mab. Le Natural. 2, p. 100. 1882.
velutina Lym. Mab. Bull. Soc. Zool. France 3, p. 90. 1878.
venata Crop. Swh. Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 546. 1906.
venosa Stilpnar. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 133. *
venosata Lepidolac. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 141. *
vesperina Othroed. Wkr. List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 2, p. 403. 1854.
vetusta Brachar. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 445. 1910.
vibicipennis Das. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 239. 1879.
vilis Casam. Wkr. List Lep. Brit. Mus. 32, p. 348. 1865.
viola Das. Btlr. Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 240. 1879.
violacea Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 176. *
virescens Das. Mschlr. Abh. Senckenb. Ges. 25, p. 77, f. 6.
1889. *

viridipallens Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 184.
viridipicta Das. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 594,
t. 32, f. 26. *

viridis Das. HoU. Psyche 6, p. 453, t. 17. f. 27. 1893. *
vitrina Lym. Mab. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 3, p. 90, 1878.
vitrina Hyalop. Her. Seitz. Macrolep. 14, p. 139. *
vosseleri Leucom. Grunb. Berlin. Ent. Zeit. 52, p. 67. 1907. *

weisei Pirg. Karsch. Ent. Nachr. 26, p. 352. 1900.
weyenberghi Narom. Snell. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 1872, p. 43, t. 3,
f. 9—12. *

whitei Das. Bruce Ann. Nat. Hist. (7) 1, p. 209. 1898.

xanthoeepkala Sap. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 137.
xanthochroma Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 177. *
xanthomelaena Eupr. HoU. Psyche 6, p. 418. 1893.
xanthosoma Eupr. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 437. 1910.
xanthosoma Stilp. HoU. Ent. News 4, p. 62, t. 3, f. 15. 1893‘ *
xanthospila Mylantr. PUz. Stett. ent. Zeit. 41, p. 84. 188o*
xanthypopteros Eupr. Wichgr. Guben. ent. Zeit. 15, p. 60.
1921.

xyleutes Lael. Hmps. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 3. p. 396. 1905.
xylopoecila Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 176.

zena Das. Her. Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 177.

LASIOCAMPIDAE. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

205

8. Family: Lasiocampidae.

The Lasiocampidae form one of the most interesting families of the Bombyces and are very well distinguish¬
ed in all their stages. Their size varies between small and very large. The $$ of some species of Gonometa, owing
to the volume of their body, number among the largest lepidoptera known. The 99 as a rule have a stout abdomen,
much stouter than that of the They consequently fly in a very unwieldy way or very little, and are sought
for by the <$<$ being provided with a very highly developed sense of smelling from great distances. The sexes
do not only differ in size, but often also in the formation of the antennae, in the shape of the wings, and in
the colour and marking of the forewing. The antennae in both sexes almost invariably exhibit two rows of
pectinations which, however, are longer in the $ than in the $ and often much longer before the middle than
beyond the middle, whereas in the $ they gradually shorten towards the apex of the antenna. The fore wings
are in the often much longer and narrower, and the hindwings smaller and more triangular than in the 9$.
The marking and colouring of the forewing may also be extraordinarily different in the sexes of the same species,
as in many species of the genera Lechriolepis , Chrysopsyche, Taragama, Pacliypasa etc., where the sexes can
only be ascertained by breeding. The breeding of the Lasiocampidae from the larvae is also otherwise of the
greatest importance for the increase of our knowledge of this family. The imagines are only rarely chanced upon
in the open air and are then often damaged; the <3$ fly very swiftly and are therefore very difficult to capture,
and the $9 keeping in hiding are still more difficult to discover. The large hairy larvae, however, with frequently
bright colours and living very gregariously are generally easy to find and can be bred in numbers. Every lepiclo-
pterologist may therefore be highly recommended to breed Lasiocampidae, and whoever will occupy himself
with it, will surely find great pleasure and gain important disclosures. In every consignment from Tropical
Africa containing larvae there are such that evidently belong to still unknown species of Lasiocampidae. If
one wishes to render a great service to science, it is important to preserve the larvae in alcohol or inflated.

Systematically, the Lasiocampidae form a very natural and sharply defined family which can be easily
distinguished from other families. They are characterised by the following marks. Spiral tongue absent. Palpi
rarely stunted, usually of medium length, sometimes long, projecting far beyond the frons and together forming
a conical apex. Abdomen hairy, often densely clad with long hair. Hindwing at the base of the costal margin
lohately projecting; costal margin of hindwing in the resting insect projecting beneath the costal margin of
the forewing which is folded in the shape of a roof. The discal cell in both wings is narrow and short, not or
hardly reaching to the centre of the wing; discal cell rarely open, generally closed up by the median cross-vein
alone, the upper and lower cross-veins being almost invariably quite absent; vein 5 thus proceeds from the
posterior angle of the discal cell and vein 6 from the anterior angle of it. The majority of the genera are besides
distinguished by vein 8 of the hindwing being united with the anterior edge of the discal cell or with vein 7,
whereby a smaller or larger basal cell is formed, from the anterior edge of which generally one or several
veins (so-called ,, accessory veins“) are despatched towards the costal margin of the hindwing. Such a basal
area with ,, accessory veins“, so far as I know, does not occur in any other family. These ,, accessory veins“
have either been explained as formations intended to support the basal lobe of the costal margin or as real
though stunted veins. A. Jefferis Turner, in his meritorious revision of the Australian Lasiocampidae , has
joined this opinion and therefore counts in the hindwing 12 veins just like in forewing. It must be owned that
among the genera of the Gastropachinae and of the American Malacosomatinae there are many facts in favour
for this opinion, as the , accessory veins“ are developed exactly like real veins. If we take the hindwing of the
genus Estigena as an example, according to Turner the anterior edge of the basal cell would be formed of the
united and then gradually separated veins 12 to 9 (besides the preoostal vein) and the shutting up of the basal
cell caused by vein 8 proceeding from the anterior edge of the discal cell and anastomosing for some distance
with vein 9. According to Turner, the Lasiocampidae have kept up a primeval formation of the neuration
of the hindwing, but by general consent it is rather to be regarded as a highly differentiated family. As it is

206

LASIOCAMPIDAE. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

impossible, at least for the present, to denote correctly the veins (,, accessory veins“) at the base of the hindwing
according to Turner’s explanation, I have availed myself of the designations generally used now.

The larvae must be regarded as being highly developed both according to the structure of the body
and by their spinning power. They are always more or less densely haired. The hairs rarely are on tubercles,
but they generally rise directly from the skin; they are seldom all a like and uniformly distributed, but usually
very different and on the various parts of the body differently developed. On each side of the first joint they
often form a long, slantingly porrect pencil, and on the dorsum of the following joints there is often also one
or two erect pencils. On the dorsum of the joints 2 and 3 there is often a large, frequently brightly coloured
spot (,, magnificent spot11) formed of densely crowded hairs and surrounded by a torous margin. If the
underside of the body is flattened and closely appressed to the place, where the insect rests upon, the sides
of the body are clad with long dehiscent hairs. The hairs are either long and soft or short and stiff; sometimes,
at least partly, changed into sharp black needles or replaced by scales. Beside the normal hairs there are often
also fine usually white ,, silky hairs “ which E. Holmgren has proved to be in connection with peculiar glands.
Some species also exhibit real stinging hairs.

The larvae are provided with well developed spinning glands, and before the pupation they surround
themselves with a web which may be thin and soft or very dense and hard. The hairs or stings of the larva
are often intermixed in the web. whereby the web is often covered with dehiscent stings just like a hedgehog
(Gonometa). The cocoons of some species of Borocera are used by the inhabitants of Madagascar for the manu¬
facture of silks. It is not unlikely that also other species may yet be used for this purpose.

From the Ethiopian Region already about 400 species are known; a great number of them, however,
are surely still to be discovered.

The systematisation of the Lasiocampidae is still very insufficient. Many mistakes of old authors,
as for instance the establishment of the Pinaridae as a separate family (which was quite uncritically accepted
yet in 1909 by A. Conte) have been cancelled, but the generic names such as Lasiocampa, Metanastria, Gastro-
pacha etc. are often used in such a way that nobody knows what they mean. If one describes a species as Lasio¬
campa and does not follow a certain definition of the genus, the generic name need not mean anything else
but that the species is a Lasiocampida, and this uncertainty is neither remedied by the appended note: ,,type:
quercus LP The difficulty or impossibility of the determination of many African Lasiocampidae is caused by
the inaccuracy of the generic definitions.

For the sake of facilitating the definition of the numerous Ethiopian Lasiocampidae I have distributed
them among seven easily distinguishable subfamilies.

As to further particulars about the habits, range etc. of the Lasiocampidae , cf. Vol. II. p. 147, and
Vol. X, p. 391.

Table of Subfamilies.

I. Vein 7 of hindwing is entirely separated from vein 8 and rises near the apex of the discal cell or it is even
forked with vein 6.

A. Vein 8 of hindwing rises from the anterior edge of the discal cell close at the base of the wing without

forming a basal cell. Frons with a horny protuberance. 1. Chondrosteginae.

B. Vein 8 of hindwing is separate at the base, but soon unites with the anterior edge of the discal cell
in the same place or only farther from the base by a cross-vein, whereby it invariably forms a basal
cell which, however, may sometimes be very small.

a. Vein 8 of hindwing touches the anterior edge of the discal cell near the base in one place or for a
short distance. The basal cell is small and always much shorter and shorter than the discal cell.

2. Malacosomatinae.

(3. Vein 8 of hindwing far from the base of the wing united with the anterior edge of the discal cell by
a cross-vein, and forms a large or medium-sized, but long basal cell which on the anterior side
generally despatches very strong accessory veins (veins).

*. Veins 6 and 7 of hinclwing forked. Vein 6 of forewing from the cross-vein of the cell separated
from vein 7 by a distinct ODC. 3. Archaeopachinae.

**. Veins 6 and 7 of hindwing separated. 4. Gastropachinae.

II. Vein 7 of hindwing rises near the base of the wing and is united with vein 8 by an anastomosis or by a
cross-vein, rarely only closely adjacenf to vein 8. Basal cell of hindwing usually smaller than the discal cell.

A. Vein 5 of hindwing rises almost midway between the veins 4 and 6. Veins 7 and 8 of forewing forked
from the apex of the discal cell. 5. Chionopsychinae.

CHONDROSTEGA; CHONDRO STE GOIDE S . By Dr. C. Aurivillitts.

207

B. Vein 5 of hindwing from the posterior angle of the discal cell or forked with vein 4.

a. Vein 8 of hindwing touches vein 7 in one place or rarely for some distance, or it is united with it
by a very short almost vertical cross- vein. Basal cell smaller and shorter than the discal cell.

6. Lasiocampinae.

(3. Vein 8 of hindwing united with vein 7 by a long cross-vein slantingly extending from inside to in
front and outside. Basal cell as large or almost as large as the discal cell.

7. Gonometinae.

1. Subfamily: Chondrosteginae.

The species belonging to this subfamily differ considerably from the other Lasiocampidae in all the
stages of development. The imagines are small, with short and broad wings being rounded off at the margin,
with a long-haired body. Forewing at the costal margin from the base to beyond the middle straight or feebly
emarginated, then more or less convex; anal angle altogether rounded off. Costal margin of hindwing straight
or at the base more or less lobate. The wings are above uni-coloured without markings or but indistinctly marked.
The discal cell is open in both wings. Vein 8 of fore wing rises either separately between the veins 6 + 7 and
the fork of 9 + 10, or it is absent altogether; vein 8 of hind wing either comes almost out of the base of the
wing, or it is, for a shorter or longer distance, completely united with the anterior edge of the discal cell. Palpi
stunted. Antenna of <$ as far as the apex with long pectinations. Abdomen short, not or but little projecting
beyond the anal angle of the hindwing.

The stages of the Ethiopian forms are unknown, the larvae of the palearctic species are distinguished
from those of the other Lasiocampidae by being provided with small hairy tubercles (cf. Vol. II. p. 149).

Only two genera are hitherto known from the Ethiopian Region.

1. Genus: Clioiulrostegu Led.

Anterior tibiae short, at the apex armed with 1 or 2 spines. $ wingless. — In the species known so
far from Africa vein 8 of the forewing is absent, vein 7 of the forewing rises close at the base of the fork of
9 and 10, and vein 8 of the hindwing rises from the base of the wing. The frons exhibits a short horny append¬
age which is provided with a ring at the apex and projecting in the middle. Eyes bare. As to the palearctic
species cf. Vol. II., p. 149 and pi. 24 a.

Ch. ruficotnis Auriv. Head and thorax blackish-grey, abdomen with dark grey hairs. Antennae of a
bright reddish yellow, with somewhat flattened, apically feebly thickened pectinations. Wings brownish-grey,
somewhat transparent, with an indistinct lighter postmedian transverse band. Expanse of wings: 28 mm.
Cape Colony.

Ch. murina sp. n. Head and dorsum of thorax blackish, underside and abdomen with dark grey hair.
Antennal shaft light yellowish with dark pectinations. Wings untransparent monotonously blackish-grey,
without markings and with somewhat lighter fringes. Expanse of wings: 22 mm. Cape Colony.

2. Genus: Auriv.

Separated from Chondrostega particularly by the unarmed, not shortened anterior tibiae and by the
$$ being provided with wings. — Eyes hairy. Frons with a horny protuberance. Middle and hind tibiae without
spurs. Vein 8 of forewing present and rising from the centre of the fork of 6 and 7. Vein 8 of hindwing from
the anterior edge of the discal cell about midway between the base and vein 7.

Ch. capensis Auriv. (35 b). Vertex and frons whitish, thorax with brownish and whitish hair. Wings
above grey; forewing at the costal margin and anal margin more or less whitish, with a somewhat darker
postmedian transverse band which forms a dark spot at the costal margin; hindwing at the costal margin and
hind-margin whitish. Forewing beneath more distinctly marked than above. Hindwing beneath in the centre
with a large irregularly triangular brown spot which is extended towards the base and despatches distally an
obtuse branch towards the apex of the wing and a broader one towards the anal angle; a small black discal
spot, a black spot at the costal margin and a similar one in area 1 c; at the margin numerous blackish
scales. Expanse of wings: 22 mm. Cape Colony.

2. Subfamily: Malacosomatinae.

Vein 8 of hindwing separate at the base, but immediately united with the anterior edge of the discal
cell in one place or for some distance, forming a small, sometimes minute basal cell, and then extending quite
separately and distantly remote from vein 7 to the costal margin. Vein 7, however, rises at or near the anterior

ruficornis.

murina.

capensis.

208

HAPLOPACHA; BOMBYCOMORPHA. By Dr. C. Aubivillius .

cinerea.

bifascia.

angle of the discal cell. Hereby the forms of this subfamily are distinctly separated and easily discernible from
those of the other subfamilies.

The Malacosomatinae have comparatively few representatives in the Old World, whereas in America
they form the majority of the Lasiocampidae occurring there.

The larvae are little known. They are elongate, cylindrical, and on all the joints similarly haired, or
they only exhibit on each side of the first joint a long porrect hair-pencil.

Table of Genera.

I. Discal cell of forewing open. Veins 6 and 7 of forewing rise on a long fork; vein 8 from the very long

fork of 9 and 10. Forewing above with lustrous, dark dots formed of erect scales.

1. Haplopacha.

TI. Discal cell of forewing closed. Vein 6 of forewing quite separate from the apex of the discal cell or on a
very short fork with 7. Forewing above without small scaled tubercles.

A. Vein 7 of forewing between vein 6 and the fork of 8 to 10 from the apex of the discal cell or from
the short fork of 8 to 10. Small Bombyces with a white ground-colour of both wings.

2. Bombycomorpha.

B. Veins 7 and 8 of forewing forked from the apex of the discal cell, or vein 7 on a very short fork
with vein 6. Veins 9 and 10 forked from the discal cell before its apex.

oc. Veins 9 and 10 of forewing shorter than their fork. 3. Chrysopsyche.

[3. Veins 9 and 10 of forewing much longer than their fork. 4. Rhaphipeza.

1. Genus; I9aploj»a<*!ta Auriv.

Palpi distinct, projecting a little beyond the hairing of the frons. Frons with a slight horny protuberance.
Antenna of as far as the apex with two rows of pectinations. Head and thorax clad with long hair-like scales.
Abdomen short, not projecting beyond the hindwing. Wings short with a bent distal margin and a feebly bent
or almost straight costal margin. An entirely isolated, very characteristic genus forming to a certain degree
a transition to the Chondrosteginae. Stages unknown.

H. cinerea Auriv. (29 a) is grey; forewing above somewhat lighter grey with a broad median band
being on both sides dentate and at the costal margin somewhat broader, and 11 scaled dots (one in 1 b near
the base, one at the end of the discal cell, and 9 purely black ones before the margin). Hindwing above and
both wings beneath brownish -grey without markings. Rhodesia.

2. Genus: lSoml»ycomoi*]»8ia (Feld.) Auriv.

Small lepidoptera recalling the species of Chondrostega by their size and shape of wings; fore wings
whitish, scantily marked, hindwings uni-coloured white. On the forewing vein 4 rises shortly before the posterior
angle of the discal cell, 6 quite separately from the apex of the cell, and 7 from the same place or from
the short fork of 8 to 10. Veins 9 — 10 are long, much longer than their fork, they are closely adjacent and
terminate into the costal margin, or 9 into the apex. The discal cell of the hindwing is closed by a fine cross¬
vein. and from its posterior angle it despatches the veins 4 and 5 and from the apex the veins 6 and 7. Palpi
short, not projecting beyond the hairing of the frons which is covered with long hair. Eyes bare. Antenna
of $ as far as the apex with two rows of distally much shorter pectinations. The abdomen projects beyond
the hindwing. $ without anal wool. Tarsi long and scantily haired.

The eggs are in numbers fastened around branches as in Eriogaster and Malacosoma, and they are
smooth without any particular sculpture. The larvae live gregariously in large webs. They are cylindrical
and uniformly haired. The pupa rests in an elliptic web in which small particles of earth are intermixed as
in Trichiura crataegi and Poecilocampa populi. The cocoons are often crowded together. The imagines have
two generations a year, and fly in October and January.

B. bifascia Walk. (= nupta Feld.) (29 a). White or whitish-grey; eyes margined with blackish-
brown; antennae and tarsi yellowish; anterior tibiae above brown, below with long white hair; fore wing with
two yellowish-brown broad almost straight transverse bands, one near the base and one a little beyond <
the centre; a dark discal dot. Hindwing white without markings. Larva with pencils of long greyish-white
hairs, and between them with shorter light yellow hairs; body grey, with white spots; two black dots on the
head and a lateral one on each joint of the body; ventral legs red-brown. Pupa lustrous light red-brown. South
Africa.

Publ. 22. I. 1927.

CHRYSOPSYCHE. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

20 9

B. pallida Dist. only differs from B. bifascia in the purer white colouring and the forewing exhibiting pallida.
only a dark discal dot, but no transverse bands. The larva is black with white dorsal and lateral lines; ventral
legs yellowish- brown ; hairing orange-yellow; it lives on pepper-trees (Piper nigrum L.) and does sometimes
much harm to them. Transvaal.

3. Genus: Oirysopsyclie Btlr.

This genus is peculiar to the Ethiopian Region and distinguished by the great sexual difference. The
d'd' differ in their size, colouring, and marking so completely from the $$ that their homogeneousness can
only be ascertained by breeding. Head and thorax clad with rough (9) or more appressed (C) hair. Frons plain.

Palpi small, not or little projecting beyond the frons. Eyes fine-haired. Antenna as far as the apex with two
rows of pectinations; pinnae in the §§ shorter than in the <$<3. Legs hairy; anterior tibiae unarmed; hind
tibiae only with terminal spurs; claws at the base dentate. Abdomen projecting beyond the abdomen, in the
(3 coniform with an anal pencil, in the $ large and thick without anal wool. Wings entirely margined with
short fringes and a rounded border. Forewing at the costal margin feebly convex or almost straight (A), its
apex in the C more produced, anal angle broadly rounded off or sometimes in the A feebly indicated. Costal
margin of hindwing more ($) or less ($) uniformly bent without indentations. Neuration: forewing with 12
veins; vein 4 from the anal angle or a little before it rarely shortly forked with 5; 6 from the apex of the discal
cell, 7 and 8 forked from the same place or 7 shortly forked with 6, 9 and 10 a little before the apex of
the cell on a long fork which is as long as, or longer than the free part of the veins; vein 11 separately from
the anterior edge of the closed discal cell. Discal cell of hindwing open; veins 4 and 5 from the same place
or forked; basal cell small and narrow. — The larvae are cylindrical with three long hair-pencils, a porrect
one on each side of the first abdominal joint, and on the last joint one that is directed hindward. Pupa yellowish-
brown, resting in a dense, generally golden yellow web which is freely fastened on the upper side of leaves.

Ch. mirifica Btlr. (C = maera Schs.; 1 = radei Dew.) $ (40 a). Wings above with a light yellow mirifica.
ground-colour and quadrangular yellowish-brown spots. Forewing above in the basal quarter brownish with
whitish scales in the basal part of the discal cell and of area 1 b; then follows a broad light median band with
brown spots at the costal margin, in the base of the areas 2 to 4, at the posterior margin and on the cross¬
vein of the discal cell; distally this median area is defined by a narrow, semi-transparent, almost straight,
lead-coloured transverse band which, on being magnified, shows a coating of roundish whitish scales; marginal
portion yellow with an irregular row of brown spots, those in 3, 7 and 8 being situate nearer to the margin
than the others. Hindwing above for the greatest part hued with brownish, only at the costal margin lighter
with distinct brown spots in 6 and 7 ; sometimes there are traces of a post median bent transverse band of brownish
spots. Head and body with yellow hairs; dorsum of thorax with intermixed whitish bristly hairs. <$ (40 a).
Although Dr. Schultze captured the Co swarming in numbers around a box in which there was a $, he
unfortunately says nothing about the marking and colouring of the C- Strand regards Ch. radei Dew. as the C
of mirifica. But to me it seems to be more probable that Ch. maera Schs. is the true C of mirifica. It is
also possible that the C is variable and that both the forms belong to mirifica. The C lying before me and
captured by Schultze in Cameroon (Duala) corresponds rather well with maera Schaus. Head and thoracal
dorsum covered with yellowish brownish-grey hair; chest and legs grey, abdomen blackish with a yellow anal
pencil. Beneath both wings are blackish-brown without markings; forewing in the centre and hindwing at
the costal margin broad red-brown. Fore wing above brown with two bent dark brown transverse lines and a
dark brown discal spot; between the transverse lines they are somewhat lighter, and at the posterior margin and
apex of the discal cell in area 5 feebly hued with greenish ; on the outside of the distal transverse line follows
a broad somewhat darker transverse band being expanded towards the costal margin, almost reaching the apex
of the wing and being distally irregularly defined. Hindwing above blackish with a reddish-yellow spot at.
the costal margin in 6 and 7. Expanse of wings: 38 mm. - — Tessmann describes the first stages of this species
as follows: larva 5 to 6 cm long, clad with short velvety hair, olive-green, at the end of each ring a silvery
white spot warming into yellowish beginning from the third ring; second ring at the beginning with a
similar transverse band ; first ring velvety brown. On the sides the larva is quite silvery white and shows on
the first ring two black porrect hair-tufts; head and front legs loam-coloured. On being disturbed the larva
runs very swiftly gliding along. Schultze found the larva in secondary bush-parts of the primeval forest
on Alchornea, an Euphorbiacea ; ,,it usually sits freely on the upper side of the poplar-like leaves, where it
is to be noticed from afar by its magnificent lemon-coloured or golden yellow dorsal spots. “ He continues:

,,By breeding I obtained, strange to say, only always the magnificent whereas I only got the insignificant
CC in the same way as in Chr. imparilis. I almost dare say that the C larvae either have an exterior quite
different from the or even that they have different habits. “ West Africa. Hitherto no $ of the genus
has been bred from the larvae.

Ch. lam aid Auriv. (29 a) is in the $ similar to mirifica, but smaller, with reddish and smaller spots lamani.
of the fore wing and behind the discal cell a narrow blackish, not lead-coloured transverse band. The A i3

XIV

27

210

CHRYSOPSYCHE. By Dr. C. Aurivillius .

v iridescens.

antennifera.

albicilia.

imparilis.

hivUiata.

latulenla.

unknown. — The larva recalls that of mirijica ; it is everywhere finely felted and besides clad with rather
long, partly very fine whitish partly somewhat rough black hair. On each side of the first joint there is
a long prominent hair-pencil, and on the last joint a single pencil showing hindward. These pencils consist
of black and white hairs, and the tips of the black ones are often light-coloured. The light dorsal spots are
clad with fine appressed silky hairs. The whole dorsal side is broadly blackish-brown with nine golden yellow
dorsal spots, the first and last of which are double and elongate, the others being transverse. The sides and
the whole underside are silvery white. Congo near Mukimbungu.

Of the two following species only the rjd are known. They are distinguished by the head, the thoracal dorsum, and
the median band of the forewing being of a bright green colour.

Ch. viridescens Holl. (29 b). B- The marking of the forewing is best seen from the figure. Hindwing
above blackish with white fringes, beneath with a red-brown spot between the costal margin and the discal
cell. Ogowe Valley.

Ch. antennifera Strd. (29 b) is somewhat larger than Ch. viridescens and has a more brown ground¬
colour of both wings; on the forewing the green submarginal band of viridescens is absent, and the costal margin
of the hindwing above is broadly greenish. Cameroon.

Ch. albicilia B.-Bak. This species being unknown to me, and of which only the B sex is known, seems
to be closely allied to the two preceding ones. The description says: frons and antennal shaft dark creamy;
pectinations blackish. Thorax on the yellowish ground densely clad with olive-green hair, and with a yellowish
spot on the dorsum. Abdomen dark grey, the long first joints with long olive-green hair, the apex with yellow
hair. Forewing light yellowish-brown, in the basal half densely covered with fine hair-like olive-green scales,
and in the marginal area with common grey scales; a slanting dark antemedian transverse line being angularly
broken at the costal margin, and a similar still more slanting median transverse line. Hindwing very dark
brownish-grey with white fringes and with long olive-green hair at the base. Lagos.

The two following species have comparatively still smaller BS the wings of which are above almost uni-coloured
yellowish-brown or reddish.

Ch. imparilis Auriv. (= ladbury B.-Bak.). B- Forewing above light greyish-reddish without distinct
markings (a fine dark postmedian transverse line and a series of submarginal dots which are feebly indicated).
Hindwing above at the costal margin with reddish, in the middle particularly in the areas 2 to 4 with yellowish,
and at the hind-margin broadly with greyish-yellow hair. Beneath almost as above, but the forewing in the
middle (in the areas 1 b to 5) with yellow scales. Head, chest and ventrum light greyish-yellow; thoracal dorsum
reddish like the forewing; anal pencil yellowish. Antennal shaft whitish, pinnae at least towards the antennal
apex blackish. Expanse of wings: 30 to 33 mm. $. (29 a). Forewing above light greyish-yellow with two
brownish -red transverse lines and a similar dot at the end of the discal cell ; sometimes also with some brownish-
red submarginal spots particularly in the areas 5 to 7. The first transverse line before the middle is deeply
flawed at the costal margin and then almost straight ; the second postmedian line is almost rectangular at
the costal margin at vein 7 and then straight, composed of crescentiform bows; hindwing above golden
yellow without markings. Both wings beneath yellow, at the bands lighter, greyish-yellow, the markings of
the forewing very indistinct; hindwing with a brown postmedian transverse streak at the costal margin in
the areas 7 and 8. 54 to 55 mm. — The larva has long hair-tufts on the first and last segments and varies in
the colouring from a silvery grey to a greyish-green or lemon-colour; it lives on Combretaceae, particularly
on species of Terminalia (according to Schultze). Nigeria, Senegal, and also found in the Bugoma Forest
(L. Albert).

Ch. bivittata sp. n. (29 a). B- Size and shape of wings very similar to the B °f Ch. imparilis, but at
once discernible by the fore wing above showing two orange-yellow longitudinal stripes proceeding from the
base, one of which almost reaches the anal angle in 1 b, whilst the other extends through the discal cell to the
centre of area 5. Head and upper surface of body as far as the apex of the abdomen covered with yellow
hair; chest, ventrum and legs grey or whitish. Antennal shaft almost white; pectinations of the basal half
brown, of the apical half blackish. Fore wing above light greyish-yellow with two fine indistinct transverse
lines and hardly noticeable dark submarginal dots, beneath at the base blackish, then bright yellow, and at
the margin lighter, greyish-yellow. Hindwing on both sides of a bright yellow, at the costal margin darker,
reddish, or beneath reddish-grey with a brown transverse streak at the centre of the costal margin, and with
whitish-grey fringes. Expanse of wings: 33 mm. £ unknown. German South-West Africa.

Ch. lutulenta Tams. Of this species being unknown to me only the $ has been described. Body orange
or ochreous yellow; head and palpi yellowish -grey. Forewing light chrome-yellow, at the costal margin dark
greyish-yellow, at the base with a large dark grey distally emarginated spot covering almost the basal third
of the wing; at the end of the discal cell a bright orange, almost circular spot with a light chrome-
yellow centre; behind this spot a dark grey triangular spot; a broad postmedian grey transverse band and
a submarginal row of grey spots are more or less united. Hindwing of a bright orange-yellow, at the
costal margin broadly chrome-yellow, with a narrow, short, grey transverse streak from the centre of the costal
margin and one nearer to the apex. Both wings beneath light chrome-yellow, partly orange-yellow. Expanse
of wings: 62 mm. German and British East Africa.

RAPHIPEZA; ARCHAEOPACHA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

211

On examining a typical specimen kindly having been lent me from Francfort, I found that the following species does
not belong to the genus Lechriolepis, as I had presumed before, but that it is a Chrysopsyche. From this genus it only differs
in the veins 4 and 5 of both wings being forked and vein 7 of the forewing rising on a short fork with vein 6; veins 9
and 10 are very short and terminate into the costal margin, 9 almost into the apex. The differences from Lechriolepis
are in fact exactly stated by Saalmuller. — • Subordinate genus: Trabaloides Kirby (= Protogenes Saalm.).

Ch. stumpfi Saalm. (29 b). <j>. The figure makes an exact description superfluous. This species deviates stumpfi.
from the of the species of Lechriolepis with respect to the marking of the fore wing by the dark basal area,
the longitudinal streak in area 1 b between the transverse lines, as well as the broad submarginal band. The
S is still unknown. Madagascar.

4. Genus: ISaphipeza Bull.

Eyes bare. Forewing: veins 4 and 5 shortly separated or from the same place, vein 6 from the apex
of the discal cell or separated from it by a short upper discocellular vein, 7 and 8 forked from the apex of
the cell, 9 and 10 much longer than their fork, 9 into the apex, 11 bent up towards vein 12. Palpi hardly
projecting beyond the frons. Hind tibiae with terminal spurs. Tarsi above at the base scantily haired.

Rh. turbata Butl. (= graphiptera Saalm.; $ = echinata Saalm.) (29a). <$. Median area of forewing turbata.
between the costal margin and vein 2 filled up with a deep blackish-brown, with lighter veins. Ground-colour
of both wings light grey and indistinctly strewn with light fawn-coloured nebulous spots. The transverse lines
of the fore wing are whitish. — $. Median area of forewing much lighter with blackish veins and a large black
discal spot; transverse lines also blackish. Expanse of wings: 29 {<$) to 44 ($) mm. Madagascar: Nossi-Be,
Antananarivo.

3. Subfamily: Archaeopachinae.

This subfamily is allied to the preceding one by the veins 7 and 8 of the hindwing being quite separate
and parallel, but it has, like the following subfamily, a long though less broad basal cell which is closed by
a cross-vein between vein 8 and the anterior edge of the discal cell ; this ,, cross-vein1 ‘ makes entirely the impression
of being the base of vein 8, in which case the very thick vein forming the anterior edge of the basal cell must
be explained as a 9th vein or a combination of veins 9 to 12, touching vein 8 in one point. The neu-
ration also differs besides from the typical neuration of the Lasiocampidae. Veins 4 and 5 are in both wings
separated at their base; the veins 6 and 7 of the hindwing are forked; vein 6 of forewing is separated from
vein 7 by the distinct upper discocellular vein; vein 7 as well as the fork of the veins 10 to 8 proceed from the
apex of the discal cell. The discal cell is in both wings divided into two almost equally large parts by a
revertive longitudinal vein, distally very much widened and closed by a long median cross-vein which is deeply
angular towards the base. Palpi slantingly porrect, hardly projecting beyond the hairing of the frons. Eyes
bare. <$ antenna as far as the apex with two rows of medium-long pectinations. Head and thorax hairy.
Abdomen clad with large scales. Anterior tibiae unarmed; hind tibiae with four spurs; claws plain. Wings
entirely margined, at the distal margin rounded off; anal margin of forewing in the centre bulged out; costal
margin of hindwing moderately bent.

1. Genus: ArcJiaeoftaclia Auriv.

(Description of the subfamily.)

A. obsoleta Auriv. The only specimen known of this species unfortunately is so badly preserved that obsolete/.
the colouring and marking of the wings cannot be described. Thorax above covered with greyish-yellow hair.
Abdomen whitish. Wings yellowish-grey (?), probably with a darker longitudinal stripe in 1 b and the discal
cell. By the shape of the wings and the size it recalls Bombycomorpha and Chondrostega. Abdomen pro¬
jecting far beyond the hindwing. Expanse of wings: 26 mm. Central Africa: Rouchuru Plains.

4. Subfamily: Gastropachinae.

In this subfamily the veins 7 and 8 are likewise completely separated, the basal cell being closed
by a cross-vein which unites vein 8 with the anterior edge of the discal cell. The basal cell is large or
rather small, almost invariably shorter than the discal cell, and from its anterior edge it despatches towards
the costal margin of the wing 5 or 6 very strong accessory veins which are entirely developed like usual
veins. Vein 7 of the hindwing rises outside of the basal cell or from the same place near the apex of the
discal cell, but always separated from vein 6.

The genus Gastropacha (type: G. quereijolia L.) is unknown to me from the Ethiopian Region. Three
other genera, however, occur there, one of which has its patria also in Southern Asia.

212

ESTIGENA; STENOPHATNA ; OPISTODONTIA. By Dr. C. Aukivillius.

africana.

marshall i.

libera.

Table of Genera.

A. Margin of both wings uniformly bent.

a. Margin of both wings entire. Fork of veins 9 and 10 of forewing much longer than the veins themselves.
Basal cell of hindwing broad. 1. Estigena.

p. Margin of both wings feebly undulate. Fork of veins 9 and 10 of fore wing not longer than the veins
themselves. Basal cell of hindwing narrow and equally broad, much narrower and shorter than the
discal cell. 2. Stenophatna.

B. Margin of hindwing between the veins 2 and 6 almost straightly cut off or emarginated, always undulately

margined or dentate. Basal cell of hindwing narrow and much shorter than the discal cell. Fork of veins
9 and 10 of fore wing much longer than the veins. 3. Opistodontia.

1. Genus: Estig'Ciaja Moore ( Tauscheria Bryk).

Palpi long, straightly porrect, projecting far beyond the frons. Eyes bare. Anterior tibiae unarmed,
hind tibiae only with very short terminal spurs; tarsi above short-haired. Forewing somewhat elongate, its
distal and anal margins form a uniform bow with an entirely rounded anal angle. Hindwing almost oviform
without an angle. Veins 4 and 5 of forewing separate, 8 from the fork of 6 and 7. In the hindwing veins
4 and 5 are forked and the basal cell despatches 5 strong veins towards the costal margin, the two last
of which are forked.

E. africana HoJl. (= muscovit Bryk ) (29 b). Closely allied with the Asiatic species E. pardalis Walk.
(Vol. II. pi. 27 c, and X, pi. 35 f), but much lighter and with hyaline spots on the hindwing. Body and wings
light yellowish-brown; hindwing above at the costal margin darker brown with three small hyaline spots, one
in the apex of the discal cell and one each at the base of the areas 5 and 6, and before them with two dark
dots at the costal margin in the areas 8 and 9 which are often only beneath distinct. Both wings above
irregularly and very scantily strewn with minute black scales. Forewing generally above with a black discal
dot. Ogowe Valley and Mashuna Land.

2. Genus: stenophatna Auriv.

Palpi porrect, projecting little beyond the frontal hairing. Antennae as far as the apex bipectinate.
Legs unarmed; tarsi scaled. Wings short and broad; forewing with a rounded apex, a bent and undulate distal
margin and quite round anal angle. Hindwing with a strongly bent costal margin which forms an even
bow with the distal margin. Forewing with 12 veins: vein 2 near the base, 3 from the centre of the cell.
4 and 5 from the anal angle, 6 and 7 on a short fork, 8 close before the apex of the cell ( S . marshalli)
or from the fork of 6 and 7 (L. libera). In the hindwing veins 4 and 5 are forked, vein 7 rises about midway
between the apex of the cell and the basal cell, and the narrow basal cell is provided with 3 or 4 strong
accessory cells.

S. marshalli Auriv. Head, thorax, chest, and ventrum of abdomen dark violettish-brown ; abdomen
above whitish-grey with a reddish hue. Forewing on both sides red-brown, above with two fine indistinct
dark transverse lines, beneath at the anal margin densely clothed with long white hair. Hindwing blackish-
brown without markings, beneath at the hind-margin whitish. Mashuna Land: Salisbury.

S. libera Auriv. <$. Head, thorax, legs, and ventrum reddish fawn-coloured; abdomen above grey.
Forewing elongate with a strongly bent margin and a very short straight anal margin, fawn-coloured at the
costal margin grey and with a broad grey bent submarginal band; a small discal dot and two indistinct dentate
transverse lines, an antemedian one and a median one, blackish. Hindwing reddish, at the margin broadly
grey. Both wings beneath dark red-brown, yellowish at the hind-margin, and dark grey at the apex of the
forewing and at the distal margin of the hindwing. Expanse of wings: 41 mm. A Vest Africa.

3. Genus: Opistoclogatia Auriv.

Palpi moderately long, projecting somewhat beyond the frons. Eyes bare. Antenna as far as the apex
with two rows of gradually shortening pinnae. Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. Forewing more or less
elongate, entirely margined or at the distal margin dentate. Hindwing at the costal margin strongly bent, at
the distal margin between the veins 2 and 6 almost straightly cut off or even somewhat emarginated, invariably
dentate or undulately margined. Vein 8 of forewing from the fork of 6 and 7. Veins 4 and 5 of hindwing forked.

In the shape of the hindwings this genus is well distinguished from all the other Ethiopian Lasiocampidae,
but in this mark it corresponds with the Asiatic genus Stenoph ylloides Hmps. (cf. Vol. X, p. 406, pi. 32 d).

CHIONOPSYCHE. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 213

The latter, however, differs in the long palpi from Opistodontia. The Ethiopian species form two natural groups.
Stages and habits unknown.

First Group.

Distal margin of forewing uniformly bent, entire or feebly undulate. Hindwing between the veins 2 and 0 with a
darker, proximad distinctly defined marginal band.

0. darmfelti Auriv. (29 b). Red-brown. Forewing above with two indistinct darker transverse lines, dannfelli
an antemedian one and a postmedian one, and at the apex with rather indistinct dark brown submarginal spots
filled with grey. Hindwing with a small discal dot and a distinct postmedian, almost straight transverse line
of a dark brown colour; marginal band violettish-grey . Congo District.

0. amoldi Auriv. (29 b). A- Wings above with a yellowish ground-colour and dentate black transverse arnoldi.
lines the arrangement of which is shown in the figure. The marginal band of the hindwing is coloured and
shaped almost as in dannfelti, but in the centre of each area with a black dot. Discovered near Bascho in North-
West Cameroon by Dr. Arnold Schultze.

0. superba Auriv. (29 d). $. This large beautiful species differs rather considerably from the two superba.
other species of this group. The wings above show a light orange or golden yellow ground-colour with violet
markings; the violet marginal band of the hinclwing is not ecpially broad, but anteriorly narrower. The exact
figure makes it superfluous to describe it at large. Captured by the well-known English natural philosopher
S. A. Neave in Nyassa Land near Mlanje.

Second Group.

Distal margin of forewing dentate, between the veins 2 and 5 emarginated and angular at them. Hindwing
without a darker marginal band, between the veins 2 and 6 emarginated.

0. demtata Auriv. (29 c). <$. Forewing above greyish-brown, at the hind-margin broadly brownish- dentaia.
yellow (as far as vein 3); two indistinct transverse lines and a small discal dot blackish. Hindwing blackish-
grey, at the base of the costal margin and at the hind-margin reddish, beneath at the hind-margin somewhat
lighter; fringes reddish. Gabun.

A d d i t i o n.

In 1915 Bethune-Baker described a Lasiocampida as ,,Gastropacha“ bicrenulata from North-Eastern bicrcnulat
Rhodesia, the systematic position is quite unclear. No other species of Gastropacha is known from the Ethiopian
Region, and it is therefore improbable that B. -Baker’s species belongs to this genus. But as the description
does not supply any help for the determination of the genus, I can merely mention the species here and
recapitulate the description. Head, thorax, abdomen, and both wings dust-coloured. Forewing with an
irregular, interrupted, subbasal transverse line and a fine, strongly dentate, dark postmedian line which is
extended towards the margin at the veins 6 and 7. Hind wing somewhat darker than forewing and with a dentate
postmedian line. Both wings with a dark dot at the end of the discal cell. Expanse of wings: 72 mm.

5. Subfamily: Chionopsychinae Auriv.

This subfamily initiates the genera in which vein 7 of the hindwing rises near the base of the wing and
touches vein 8 or is united with it in one place or for some distance. The basal cell being formed thereby is
small, much smaller than the discal cell and without accessory veins. The Chionopsychinae differ from all
the other subfamilies in vein 5 of the hindwing rising almost in the middle between veins 4 and 6. Discal cells
closed. But one genus.

1. Genus: Auriv.

Palpi well developed, projecting a little beyond the frons. Eyes bare. Antennae of $ as far as the apex
with two rows of pinnae. Legs unarmed; hind tibiae with four long spins. Wings short and rounded off; margin
strongly bent. Porewing with 12 veins: vein 2 near the base, 3 to 5 from the anal angle, 6 from the apex
of the cell, 7 and 8 forked, 9 and 10 also forked near the apex of the cell, 11 separately behind the centre
of the cell. Hindwing with 8 veins: vein 2 a little behind the centre of the cell, 3 and 4 from the anal angle
and 6 from the apex, of the discal cell. Vein 8 rises separately from the base, but it is at once closely
adjacent to vein 7 for some- distance, forming a small and narrow basal cell. Abdomen of $ with an anal pencil,
projecting little beyond the hindwing.

CHIONOPSYCHE. By Dr. C. Aurivillitjs.

montana.

grisea.

214

Ch. montana Auriv. (29 c). Snow-white; forewing above almost in the centre with a transverse row
of 10 black spots extending from the anal margin to vein 9. Hindwing uni-coloured without markings. Antennal
shaft whitish, pinnae yellowish. Eye-circle and prothorax with blackish hair. Palpi blackish-brown, at the
tips more or less orange-yellow. Legs yellowish with black rings; middle and hind tibiae above clad with long
snow-white hair. $ and stages unknown. East Africa. Kilima-Njaro.

Ch. grisea Auriv. is closely allied with Ch. montana. Body and wings light grey; forewing above
with an irregularly bent transverse row of small black dots which, however, are absent in the areas 1 and 2.
Palpi for the greatest part orange. Legs coloured and marked as in montana. Expanse of wings: 38 mm. British
East Africa on the Juba River,

6. Subfamily: Lasiocampinae.

To this subfamily belong most of the Ethiopian Lasiocampidae. They are distinguished from the others
by the basal cell of the hindwing being small, often much smaller than the discal cell, without or only with
feeble accessory veins, and being formed by vein 7, which proceeds near the base of the wing at about the
centre of the discal cell, forming with vein 8 a longer or shorter anastomosis or being united with it by a short,
almost vertical cross-vein. Discal cell of fore wing generally closed (except Laeliopsis). By the small basal
cell of the hindwing the genera of the Lasiocampinae can at once be distinguished from those of the following
subfamily (Gonometinae). Only in the genus Braura the basal cell is somewhat larger and in its formation it
forms the transition between the two subfamilies.

T able of Gener a.

1. Vein 8 of hindwing proceeds separately from the base of the wing, but soon unites with the anterior edge
of the discal cell and then either proceeds from the same place as vein 7 or it is fused with it for some
distance, in which case the veins 7 and 8 consequently are forked. The discal cells of both wings are closed.

A. Eyes bare. Veins 7 and 8 of forewing on a short fork from the apex of the discal cell

1 . Trichiurana.

B. Eyes hairy. Veins 6 and 7 of forewing forked; vein 8 separately from the apex of the discal cell.

Trichiura.

TI. Vein 8 of hindwing is never united with the anterior edge of the discal cell, and the basal cell thus reaches
at least to the beginning of vein 7.

A. Discal cell of hindwing open or only partly and indistinctly closed.

t- Discall cell of forewing open. 2. Laeliopsis.

ff. Discal cell of forewing closed.

a. Anterior tibiae short, at the apex with two spines. $ without wings. 3. Me-socelis.

[i. Anterior tibiae of normal length, unarmed. $ with fully developed wings.

*. Veins 9 and 10 of fore wing much shorter than their joint pedicle. $ with anal wool.

1. Distal margin of hindwing entire. Vein 9 of hindwing terminates into the costal margin

or the apex of the wing. 4. Lechriolepis.

2. Distal margin of hindwing undulate. Vein 9 of hindwing terminates into the distal margin

5. Trabala.

**. Veins 9 and 10 of forewing longer than their joint pedicle. $ without anal wool.

1. Vein 7 of forewing is shortly forked with vein 8, and vein 9 terminates into the costal

margin or the apex of the wing. (5. Closterothrix.

2. Vein 7 of forewing is forked with vein 6, and vein 9 terminates into the distal margin

or apex. 7. Craspia.

B. Discal cell of both wings closed.

a. Distal margin in both wings entire or u n i f o r m 1 y undulate, rarely dentate.

*. Costal margin of hindwing uniformly bent or almost straight, neither emarginated in the centre
nor forming an angle at the apex of vein 8. Apex of forewing never falciformly bent. Palpi never
rostriformly projecting nor coniformly pointed.

LASIOCAMPTNAE. By Dr. C. Auri villi us.

215

f. The basal cell of the hindwing despatches almost from its centre a long bent accessory vein
terminating only at the centre of the costal margin. 8. Beralade.

ff. The basal cell of the hindwing is without accessory veins or only with 1 to 3 short, straightly
porrect accessory veins.

o. Anal margin of forewing in the middle with a very large scaled tooth and with two smaller
ones near the anal angle. Veins 9 and 10 of forewing much shorter than their fork.

9. Odontocheilopteryx.

oo. Anal margin of forewing without scaled teeth.

§. Veins 4 and 5 of forewing rise separately from the posterior angle of the discal

cell.

/V. Vein 8 of forewing rises separately from the costal margin or the apex of the
discal cell.

1 . Veins 9 and 10 of forewing are very long, 3 to 4 times the length of their
pedicle which scarcely projects beyond the apex of the discal cell. Eyes
bare, only in the last species of the genus Philotherma somewhat hairy.

a. Forewing large and broad with a moderately bent distal margin which

is shorter than the anal margin. Distal margin of hindwing bent. Frons
plain. Veins 6 and 7 of forewing from the same place or only shortly
forked. $ with anal wool. 11. Philotherma.

b. d'. Fore wing very long and narrow; its distal margin almost twice
as long as the anal margin. Distal margin of hindwing almost straight ly
cut off or feebly emarginated. Frons armed with a small long horn.
Veins 6 and 7 of forewing forked. $ unknown.

10. Oplometa.

2. Veins 9 and 10 of forewing are rarely more than twice as long as their pedicle
which distinctly projects beyond the apex of the discal cell. Eyes almost
invariably hairy.

a. Vein 9 of forewing terminates into the costal margin or apex. The sub¬
marginal line of the forewing above is bent and coherent or somewhat
irregular, and composed of almost vertical transverse streaks.

12. Olyra.

b. Vein 9 of fore wing terminates into the distal margin. The submarginal
line of the fore wing is at least interrupted between the veins 2 and 6,
scalariform. being formed of straight, slanting streaks.

13. Bombycopsis.

/V/V. Vein 8 of forewing rises from the fork of veins 6 and 7. The pedicle of the
veins 9 and 10 projects beyond the apex of the discal cell, but it is invariably
shorter than the veins themselves. Vein 9 terminates into the distal margin.
Veins 4 and 5 of the hindwing forked.

1. Veins 9 and 10 of forewing very long, 3 to 4 times the length of their pedicle.
Palpi large and long, projecting far beyond the frons.

14. Catalebeda.

2. Veins 9 and 10 of fore wing never twice as long, generally shorter than

their pedicle. Palpi moderately long, not or little projecting beyond the
frontal hairing. 15. Taragama.

§§. Veins 4 and 5 of forewing forked from the posterior angle of the discal cell. Vein
9 into the margin. 16. Pachypasa.

17. Braura.

**. Costal margin of hindwing in the middle more or less emarginated and clad with thick stiff hair,
or almost straight, but then at the apex of vein 8 forming a distinct angle, or with very long
and conical palpi.

f. Palpi long rostriformly porrect. Vein 9 of forewing terminating into the costal margin or
apex. Eyes hairy.

o. Pedicle of veins 9 and 10 of forewing as long or longer than the veins themselves. Vein
8 of hindwing fused with vein 7 for some distance. Costal margin of hindwing in the
middle very deeply emarginated. 18. Rhinobombyx.

oo. Pedicle of veins 9 and 10 of forewing many times shorter than the veins, hardly projecting
beyond the apex of the discal ceil. Vein 8 of hindwing only in one place united with
vein 7. Costal margin of hindwing often as far as the apex of vein 8 straight or only
moderately emarginated, rarely deeply emarginated. 19. Leipoxais.

21G

TRICHIURANA; LAELIOPSIS. By Dr. 0. Aurivillius.

ff. Palpi short, not or hardly projecting beyond the frontal hairing. Vein 9 of forewing terminates
into the distal margin.

§. The basal cell of the hindwing reaches at least to the centre of the anterior edge of the
discal cell. The fork of veins 9 and 10 of the forewing is invariably shorter than the veins.
Costal margin of hindwing at least in the middle clothed with stiff black hair.

1. Tarsi above hairy. Fro ns armed with a coniform spine. 20. Ceratopacha.

2. Tarsi with appressed scales, without hair.

a. Vein 8 of forewing from the fork of 6 and 7. Frons with a horny protuberance.

21. Schausinna.

b. Vein 8 of forewing from the discal cell. Frons unarmed. 22. Trichopisthia .

§§. The basal cell of the hindwing is very small, by far not reaching to the middle of the
anterior edge of the discal cell. The fork of the veins 9 and 10 of the forewing is at least
as long as the veins. Tarsi with appressed scales. Vein 8 of forewing from the apex of
the discal cell. 23. Cymatopacha.

8. Distal margin of forewing irregularly dentate, notched, or indented. (Cf. also Leipoxais emarginata).
*. Distal margin of hindwing with 1 to 3 dents .

1. Hindwing at the costal margin in the centre deeply emarginated; its distal margin notched

at vein 6. 24. Mimopacha.

2. Costal margin of hindwing straight, not emarginated.

a. Distal margin of hindwing only notched at vein 2. Eyes hairy. 25. Ocinarop-sis.

b. Distal margin of hindwing obtusely notched at the veins 2 and 3 and at the anal angle

Eyes bare. 26. Odontogama.

**. Distal margin of hindwing uniformly rounded off. 27. Odontopacha.

1. Genus: Trieliiurana Auriv.

This genus is closely allied with the palearctic genus Trichiura Steph. from which it only differs in
the marks mentioned in the table of genera. The stages are unknown.

meridiona- T. nieridionalis Auriv. (29 e). A- Head, thorax, and legs grey; abdomen brownish -grey ; eye-circle •

blackish. Forewing above in the centre whitish with black veins, at the margins dark grey; a black discal dot
and blackish stripes at the veins 2 and 5. Hindwing on both sides and forewing beneath dark grey without
marking. Forewing 14 mm long. The $ is somewhat larger (forewing 18 mm long) and has above a grey ground¬
colour of the forewing with a black discal dot and a bent, rather inconspicuous, indistinctly defined discal band.
South Africa: Orange Freestate.

Note: Bethune-Baker described in 1911 as Trichiura def inita a new species captured on the White Nile, but com¬
pares it with Anadiasa obsoleta King. The species is unknown to me, but it probably belongs to the genus Anadiasa and
will be dealt with there.

2. Genus: I^aeliog&si<** Auriv.

Laeliopsis is the only genus of this subfamily in which the discal cell of the forewing is open; it is also
distinguished by the shape of the wings recalling that of certain Arctiids (e. g. species of Spilosoma). Palpi

short, not projecting beyond the frontal hairing. Eyes bare. Antennae as far as the apex with two rows of

combs. Frons unarmed. Anterior tibiae short, at the apex spined; hind tibiae with two strong terminal spurs;
tarsi with appressed scales. Costal margin and hind- margin of forewing almost straight, the costal margin
feebly bent towards the apex; distal margin almost entire, uniformly bent. Forewing: veins 7 and 8 on a short
fork; veins 9 and 10 also rise on a short fork about midway between 11 and the fork of 7 and 8; 9 terminates
into the apex of the wing or near to it. Hindwing: basal cell very small; vein 7 rises close at the base and is

only in one place united with vein 8. The early stages are still unknown.

punctulige- L. punctuligera Auriv. (29 c). Head, thorax, and forewing above dark ochreous-yellowish ; hindwing

ra • above and both wings beneath ochreous yellow. Fore wing above with two often indistinct or incomplete
longitudinal streaks, one in 1 b and one in 5; both, in case they are complete, terminate at the sub marginal

Publ 22. I. 1027.

ME SO CELTS; LECHRIOLEPIS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

217

dot of their area. Both wings besides with an irregular arcuate row of white antemarginal dots surrounded
by blackish rings. Delagoa Bay. — maculigera Strd. (29 c) deviates by the forewing above being hardly darker maculujem.
than the hindwing, and the submarginal dots being black without white centres. Tabora in German East Africa.

— - An intermediary form between mdculigera and the type originates from the district of the Livingstone Fall
of the River Zambesi.

L. erythrura Auriv. Ochreous-yellow, the sides of the chest, the bases of the wings above, the meta- erythrura.
dorsum, and the apex of the abdomen are clothed with red or reddish hair. The discal dot and the submarginal
dots of the fore wing above are white indistinctly bordered with a dark colour. Hindwing above and both wings
beneath with uni-coloured black submarginal dots. Belgian Congo. — marginata ab. nov., from Angola, differs maryinala.
in the fore wing above being dark brown and in a broad dark marginal band on the hindwing above.

3. Genus: Mesocelis Hbn.

An isolated genus. Palpi small. Frons broad and flat, unarmed. Antennae of the A as far as the apex
with two rows of pectinations. Eyes bare. Body covered with long hair; abdomen projecting beyond the
hindwings almost by half its length. Wings short with a rounded entire distal margin; costal margin of hindwing
almost straight with a large basal lobe. Forewing: veins 2 to 8 separate from the discal cell. 9 and 10 on a
short fork, 9 into the apex or costal margin of the wing. Basal cell of hindwing narrow and small. — The
pupa rests in a soft web in which soft dark hairs of the larva are scantily intermixed.

M. montana Cr. (29 c). Body clothed with long brown hair. Wings almost black with white fringes monianci.
and a large roundish white spot in the middle behind the apex of the discal cell (in the areas 3 to 5 or 6).

South Africa : Cape Colony to Transvaal .

4. Genus: I^eeliriolepis Wkr.

The numerous species are very easily discernible by the marks stated in the table of genera ; they have
been several times mistaken for species of the genus Chrysopsyche, but they are not at all closely allied with
them and exhibit quite a different arrangement of the veins in the hindwing, the veins 7 and 8 rising
together (from the apex of the basal cell) and not distantly separated. Palpi short, not projecting beyond the
frons. Antennae as far as the tips with two rows of pectinations; the pinnae are in the S long, in the $ very
short. Frons flat without any prominence. Eyes small. Anterior tibiae unarmed, hind tibiae with two
small terminal spurs. The sexes are very different, whereby the determination is rendered difficult. The normal
marking of the forewing above consists of two dark transverse lines, an antemedian one and a postmedian
one, of a dark spot on the cross-vein of the discal cell, and of a twice bent transverse row of submarginal spots
which are large and brown in the $, but in the A whitish or leaden lustrous or entirely absent. Moreover, the
AS are almost invariably distinguished by a whitish spot near the base of the costal margin on the hindwings
beneath, and often also by a roundish white spot on the forewing above near the base in area lb. — The
larvae are cylindrical, on all the joints uniformly long-haired, and on the sides of the joints 4 to 10 they exhibit
groups of short silky hairs and on each of the joints 6 to 10 one quadrangular light dorsal spot composed
of densely crowded short hairs. The web is soft, but very dense and intermixed with the larval hair. The
species may be distributed upon the following three groups.

First Group of Species.

Vein 8 of forewing rises separately from the fork of the veins 6 and 7. The o is comparatively very small without
a white spot at the base of the forewing above, but with a distinct light spot at the costal margin of the hindwing
beneath.

L. anoniala Bull. S (29 c) by its size and shape of the wings is very similar to the AS of Chryso- anomala.
psyche imparilis (31 a) and vittata. Antennae black. Body with yellowish-brown hair; tarsi blackish. Wings
on both sides reddish yellowish -brown without distinct markings. Forewing above and beneath in the middle
covered with reddish, above with traces of the discal spot and of the distal transverse line, at the apex darker,
greyish-brown. Hindwing above at the costal margin as far as vein 6 or 5 reddish, beneath at the base within
the light yellow costal spot dark red-brown. — The $ is quite different and is very much like that of Chryso¬
psyche stumpfi Sacihn. (29 b), but it is smaller (41 to 50 mm) and instead of the broad sub marginal band it
has only separate red-brown sub marginal spots. Forewing above varying from light yellow to orange-
yellow, the narrow transverse lines and the discal spot being red-brown; the discal area is otherwise of the
ground-colour. Hindwing above somewhat lighter yellow, in the centre often whitish, and at the centre of
the costal margin in 6 and 7 with a red-brown transverse streak. Both wings beneath ochreous-yellow without
markings. Antennal shaft yellowish, with short black pectinations. Tarsi apically darkened, blackish -grey.
Madagascar.

XIV

28

218

LECHRIOLEPIS. By Dr. C. Aueivtllius.

basirufa.

varia.

nigrivenis.

icssmanni.

conjuncta.

ochraceola.

griscola.

Second Group of Species.

Veins 7 and 8 of forewing rise on a joint fork from the apex of the discal cell or from the base of vein 6. The
fringes of both wings are light grey, yellow or whitish. The first transverse line of the forewing is almost straight. The
(JcJ are almost invariably with a distinct white spot above at the base of the forewing in area 1 b.

L. basirufa Strd. (29 cl). <$. Both wings above with a bright yellow ground-colour. Forewing with
a large white basal spot and distinct blackish transverse lines; the proximal transverse line is almost straight
and vertical towards the anal margin, the distal line is straight from the costal margin to vein 7, then obtusely
bent and in an almost straight line parallel to the margin reaching the centre of the hind-margin ; the median
area is at the costal margin about twice as broad as at the hind-margin. The submarginal spots form, as is
usually the case in the species of this group, an indistinctly whitish band of a slight leaden gloss. Hindwing
above from the apex to vein 3 with a broad olive-grey marginal band getting much narrower posteriorly, with
traces of dark submarginal spots of a silky lustre in the areas 3 to 7. Wings beneath lighter yellow with large
dark submarginal spots in nearly all the areas, and a large white spot near the base of the hindwing. — The
$ numbers among the largest forms of the genus. The wings exhibit a bright ochreous-yellow ground-colour
with red-brown markings; head, thorax, the basal area, and the proximal half of the anal margin of the forewing
are reddish clothed with brown hair. The markings above are to be seen in the figm’e (29 cl); discal area of
forewing of the ground-colour. Both wings beneath with distinct brown submarginal spots. Cameroon: Buea.

- A magnificent larva having been brought home from Cameroon by SjosTEDT probably belongs to this species.
Head and body brown with numerous yellow longitudinal lines; the long hair are light yellowr on the sides,
blackish on the dorsum; the first joint has two bluish quadrangular spots on the dorsum and on each side a
very long black hair-pencil. The silky-haired lateral spots are in the centre black, surrounded loy white and
thereby almost like eyes; the dorsal spots of the joints 6 to 10 are white.

L. varia Walk. Only the $ is known and so briefly described that it is impossible to ascertain the
species. The description runs as follows: ,, Brick-coloured. Head, thorax, chest, and legs fawn-coloured,
Abdomen at the apex covered with dense woolly hair. Wings with three irregular, slanting, dentate, fawn-
colourecl transverse bands; the third is broader than the two others, and near the margin. Fore wing with an
irregular fawn-coloured ring-spot between the first and second bands. Length of body: 26 mm; expanse of
wings about 76 mm.“ The species must be closely allied or identical with L. basirufa. Strand considers it
to be a form allied with basirufa, in which the transverse lines are very indistinct; Walker’s description,
however, is rather contradictory to this explanation.

The following eight species are so very similar to L. basirufa that it suffices to state the differences and to refer to
the figures.

L. nigrivenis Strd. (29 d, e). <§. The two transverse lines of the forewing are brownish, at the costal
margin not twice as distant from each other as at the hind-margin; the distal line is sharply broken in a right
angle at vein 8. Hindwing with a uniformly rounded distal margin. $. Veins of both wings at the distal margin
rather broad black. Median area of forewing in the areas 2 to 4 filled with red-brown; submarginal spots large,
almost entirely united into a band. South Cameroon: Alen.

L. tessmanni Strd. (29 e). Forewing in both sexes rather pointed, not rounded off. S'. The distal
transverse line of the forewing at vein 7 almost rectangularly broken, then between vein 7 and the anal margin
distinctly, though feebly bent. South Cameroon: Alen. — Together with a J, which corresponds with L. tess¬
manni. , a $ was bred near Mukimbunga in the Congo District, which is similar to the 9 of L. conjuncta and
has the same greyish-yellow ground-colour of both wings. From the $ of L. conjuncta, however, it differs in
the median area of the forewing being much narrower at the costal margin and covered with light violettish-
brown at the costal margin and anal margin, and in the violettish-brown submarginal spots of the forewing
being united into a submarginal band. The distal median line of the forewing is like in the <$, though somewhat
more bent. — The larva is jet-black with bluish -grey tubercles on all the joints and two bluish-grey dorsal
spots on the first joint; hair very long, dark brown; first joint without long hair-pencils. Cocoon soft, grey
with intermixed black hairs. Pupa bare, glossy, dark brown, behind obtusely rounded off with a group of
densely crowded bristly hairs.

L. conjuncta Griinb. (29 e). <$. Hindwing with a uniformly rounded margin. Wings, above bright
ochreous-yellow, only at the costal angle of the hindwing broadly darkened by olive-grey. $. Wings above
with a greyish-yellow ground-colour and dark red-brown markings. Median area of forewing not darkened,
of the ground-colour. Uganda and Cameroon.

L. ochraceola Strd. (29 f). Only the $ is known so far. Body and wings of a bright light ochreous colour;
the transverse lines of the fore wing are fine, brownish, the distal line between the vein 7 and the anal margin
almost straight. Distal margin of hindwing uniformly rounded. German East Africa: Amani.

L. griseola sp. n. <$. Antennal shaft white, pinnae black. Body with greyish-yellow or brownish-
yellowish hair. Wings above yellowish-grey, only in the basal portion more yellowish scaled. First transverse

LECHR10LEPIS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

219

line of forewing feebly bent, the second in area 6 obtusely angular, then as far as the hind-margin quite straight,
the marginal portion without the indistinct whitish submarginal band is dark grey. Hindwing at the apex from
the costal margin to vein 5 or 4 with a broad dark grey marginal band being very indistinctly defined towards
the base. Both wings beneath light yellow with distinct blackish-grey, separate submarginal spots, six of the
forewing (in 3 to 8) and seven of the hindwing (in 2 to 8). Expanse of wings: 48 mm. — The $$ obtained
together with this <$ by breeding exhibit a marking very much like that of the $ of L. pulchra, but they are
quite differently coloured. The ground-colour of the forewing is light greyish-yellow with light violettish-
brown markings and dark veins in the marginal portion; the proximal transverse line is feebly bent, the distal
line irregularly serpentine, distally bordered with light, and in area 6 projecting far towards the margin; the
median area is almost entirely covered with violettish-brown colour, only on each' side of the discal spot lighter,
and a broad band of the same colour proximad accompanies the sub marginal band. Hindwing above whitish,
only at the costal and distal margins somewhat yellowish; the submarginal spots are only distinct in the
areas 5 to 7, and of the veins only 5 to 7 are slightly darkened at the margin. Head and dorsum of thorax
covered with red-brown hair. Abdomen above yellowish-grey with whitish anal wool. Both wings beneath
light grey, at the distal and costal margins of the hindwing more yellowish, at the costal margin of the forewing
clothed with brown hair; submarginal spots large, of a bright red-brown; veins in the marginal portion somewhat
darkened. Expanse of wings: 67 to 71 mm. — The $ has a ground-colour very much like that in the $ of
L. conjuncta Strd. (29 e) and of L. tessmanni, but it differs from the former in the discal area of the forewing
being covered with violettish-brown, and from the latter in the broader forewing being rounded off at the apex
and the still lighter ground-colour. German East Africa: Ukerewe.

L. pulchra Auriv. (29 f). The $ is distinguished by the bright ochreous-yellow ground-colour and pulchra.
the deep red-brown markings. The discal area of the fore wing is almost entirely covered with red-brown. The
A of this species is described by Strand as follows: ,, Upper surface more or less greyish, in the centre and
basal half of the forewing at most with a slight yellowish hue. Size small (expanse of wings : 45 mm). Forewing
rather broad and obtuse. “ This description also agrees with the $ of L. griseola and may have been made
according to a small specimen of this species. British Central Africa : Ewambo. Congo District near Kinschassa.

L. citriraa Schs. The description of this species being unknown to me runs as follows: Olive-coloured ciirina.

yellow; head and thorax yellowish-brown. Eorewing with a small white spot near the base; the antemedian
transverse line is brown and straight and at the anal margin it touches a brown postmedian transverse line
which is angular behind the costal margin; an indistinct discal line; the irregular whitish submarginal band
is bordered by greyish towards the base. Hindwing in the basal half yellow, in the marginal half olive-coloured.

$. Light yellow; forewing with undulate, indistinct, and reddish transverse lines; a large red discal spot and
a series of red submarginal spots. Hindwing near the apex with the beginning of a series of red sub marginal
spots. Expanse of wings: $ 49, $ 80 mm.“ Sierra Leone. — Strand states in his revision of the species of
this genus, that the <$ of L. citrina differs from the other species in the hindwing being very convex in or right
beyond the middle of the distal margin. Such a specimen is before me from Sierra Leone, but it does not quite
correspond with the description by Schatjs.

L. flavomargmata sp. n. <$. Both wings above as far as the margin with a pure ochreous-yellow flavomargi-
ground-colour. Forewing above with a white basal spot, light brown transverse lines and a very distinctly nata.

defined whitish submarginal band which is continued on the hindwing as far as the hind-margin, though less
distinctly defined. The proximal transverse line of the forewing is almost straight, the distal line at the costal
margin slightly bent, not angular. Both wings beneath ochreous-yellow without markings; the submarginal
bands above feebly show through. Head and thorax light brownish-yellow, abdomen with more brownish-
grey hair. Antennal shaft whitish; pectinations blackish-grey. Expanse of wings: 40 mm. Distinguished by
the small size and the purely yellow marginal band on both wings. East Africa: Kilima-Njaro, at altitudes
of 1300 to 1900 m.

The four following species I was unable to examine. They were described as species of Chrysopsyche, but most surely
belong to this group of the genus Lechriolepis .

L. leucostigma Hmps. (29 f). <$. Head, thorax, and abdomen light red-brown; antennae with white leucosiig-
shafts and blackish pectinations; tarsi apically white. Forewing olive-coloured ochreous-yellowish ; a white v,a-

basal spot; the fust transverse line is brownish, slanting; a brown transverse streak at the end of the discal
cell; the second transverse line between the costal margin and vein 7 is somewhat slanting and then obliquely
turned inwards towards the anal margin, somewhat bent at vein 2; the submarginal band is whitish from the
apical part almost to the hind-margin, bent inwards at vein 5 and bent outwards at vein 4. Fringes with indistinct
white spots. Hindwing light olive-brown; an indistinct whitish band from the posterior end of the discal cell
to the anal angle, and a more distinct light sub marginal band from the costal margin to the anal angle. Hindwing
beneath light olive-yellow with a white spot near the base of the costal margin, and an indistinct submarginal
line. Expanse of wings: 46 mm. Ruwenzori.

L. jacksoni B.-Bak. Head and thorax light yellowish-brown; abdomen yellowish-grey. Forewing jacksoni.

light ochreous-grey with a small white basal spot; the first transverse line is almost erect and feebly bent, the

220

TRABALA. By Dr. C. Aueivillius.

second transverse line at vein 7 angularly broken and behind it obliquely turned towards the centre of the anal
margin; submarginal band broad, irregular, silvery grey. Hindwing greyer than the forewing, with a dark
area at the apex and therein traces of a light line. Expanse of wings: 52 mm. Uganda: Entebbe.

Tpratti. L. pratti Kenr. (29 f). ,,Head, legs, palpi, and thorax greenish golden yellow. Antennal shaft light,

pectinations black. Abdomen golden yellow. Forewing greenish golden yellow, rather variable, with faint
traces of dark transverse lines, and without them with a transverse band of silvery scales which, however, do
not reach to the costal margin. Hindwing similarly coloured with a broader silvery transverse band, at the
base and hind-margin clothed with golden hair. Expanse of wings: 54 mm.“ Madagascar. — The species was
described as a Chrysopsyche, but it is evidently a Lechriolepis.
flaveola. L. flaveola B.-Bak. <$. Head, thorax, and abdomen light yellowish. Both wings light ochreous-

yellow. Forewing with a small white basal spot; the first transverse line is dark, feebly undulate; the second
transverse line angularly broken at vein 7, then obliquely bent as far as the anal margin; a broad irregular grey
submarginal band. Hindwing at the apex covered with dark grey; this colour is hindwards continued as a
line. Expanse of wings: 46 mm. West Africa: Gunnal.

gyldenstol- L. gyldenstolpei Auriv. (29 f). Body and wings yellowish tan-coloured; both wings above and

Pei- beneath with blackish longitudinal streaks in nearly all the areas. Forewing above with a small whitish basal
dot, black transverse lines, and a very indistinct grey submarginal band; the first transverse line is erect, straight,
the second bent at the costal margin, not angular. Hindwing beneath near the base of the costal margin with
a white spot. Expanse of wings: 39 mm. By the dark ground-colour and the black longitudinal rays of the
wings this species forms a transition to the next group of species. Central Africa: Ruanda District. The $ is
unknown.

It may be stated here that the species figured as L. anomala by H. Dewitz in 1881 belongs to this
group of species and not to the first group. But it does not correspond with any of the above-mentioned species
dewitzi. and may be denoted as: Lechriolepis dewitzi sp. n. (30 a). West Africa: Chinchoxo.

Third Group of Species.

Veins 7 and 8 of forewing, as in the species of the second group, on a joint pedicle from the apex of the discal cell
or from the base of vein 6. Fringes of the wings at least at the base darkened or with dark spots. The first transverse line of
the fore wing is at the costal margin distinctly bent towards the base. — Fore wing above without a white basal spot in
area 1 b. Hindwing beneath without a distinct light spot near the base of the costal margin. Wings on both sides almost
entirely or for the greatest part blackish.

heres. L. heres Schs. ( = disparilis Strd.) (30 a). Both sexes are distinguished by the hindwing showing

on both sides a dark transverse line proceeding from the centre of the costal margin and reaching to the hind-
margin or at least to the median vein. <$. Both wings for the greatest part covered with blackish. Fore wing
on both sides at the anal margin in 1 a and 1 b yellowish. Hindwing above at the centre of the costal margin
and at the hind-margin more or less, beneath at the base and hind- margin lighter yellowish. The $ has almost
the same ground-colour and markings as the of L. tessmanni (29 c) and griseola, but it has darker fringes,
darker not whitish hindwings, a very much bent proximal transverse line of the forewing, being at the anal margin
almost united with the distal transverse line, and a distinct median transverse line of the hindwing. The forewing
dimidiata. is pointedly extended as in L. griseola -£• Sierra Leone. — ab. $ diniidiata Strd. (30 a). Both wings above in
obscurata. the basal halves of a bright brownish-yellow. Sierra Leone. — ab. <$ obscurata Strd. (30 a). Both wings above
everywhere with a blackish ground-colour; only the hindwing close at the base with some yellowish-brown
hairs. Sierra Leone.

noctis. L. noctis Drc. Of this species being unknown to me only the $ is known. ,,Head, palpi, collar, and

thorax black; abdomen black, under surface red-brown; legs brown. Forewing and hindwing brownish -b lack ;
a blackish-grey, indistinctly defined spot without the discal cell. Fringes of both wings black. Forewing beneath
yellowish-brown, costal margin, apex, and distal margin brownish-black. Hindwing beneath yellowish-brown,
densely strewn with brown scales; an undulate brown line right across the centre of the wing from the costal
margin to the hind-margin; some indistinct brown spots near the anal angle. “ Expanse of wings about 50 mm.
Congo District: Kassai.

5. Genus: Trabalit Walk.

Palpi short, below with stiff hair. Hind tibiae with short terminal spurs. Discal cell of forewing closed,
of hindwing open. Vein 8 of forewing rises separately from the anterior edge of the discal cell. Wings broad,
distal margin of fore wing feebly bent or almost straight, entire or feebly undulate. Distal margin of hindwing
uniformly strongly bent, always undulate. The genus is also represented in South Asia (cf. Vol. II, p. 165,
and Vol. X, p. 403), and the Ethiopian species are closely allied to the well-known T . vishnu Lef. The stages
of the Ethiopian species are not known.

The wings of fresh specimens exhibit a delicate apple-green or yellowish-green ground-colour which,
however, is very sensible to light and dampness and then turns light yellow or ochreous-yellow.

CLOSTEROTHRIX. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

221

First Group of Species.

F orewing above a little beyond the centre of the anal margin with a large triangular or rectangular dark brown or
blackish-grey spot.

T. charon Drc. B- Body light yellowish-green. Antennae light brown. Forewing light green with charon.
a small black dot at the end of the discal cell, a feebly bent light brown transverse line near the base, a fine
bent dentate transverse line behind the discal cell from the costal margin to the anal margin, where it
unites with the dark anal-marginal spot, and with a submarginal row of small brown spots from the apex to
the anal margin near the anal angle. Hindwing light green with the light brown lines continued to the hind-
margin. Under surface very similar to the upper. — The $ is similar to the <J, but the transverse lines are
more distinct and the submarginal dots are more feebly developed. Cameroon : Bitje.

T. lamboumi B.-Bak. B ■ Head and thorax light green, the latter with a dark median line. Abdomen lamboumi.
whitish. Both wings light green with olive-coloured markings. Forewing with a fine very much bent transverse
line before the base, a dark dot in the discal cell, a feebly bent postmedian transverse line, an irregular row
of crescentiform submarginal spots, and a triangular dark anal-marginal spot touching towards the base the
postmedian line. Hindwing with a dark dot in the discal cell, a postmedian transverse line, and an irregular
row of submarginal crescentiform spots. Fringes of both wings edged with light brown. The $ resembles the
B, but it is lighter. Expanse of wings: B 48, $ 64 mm. Nigeria: Lagos. — To this species probably also belong
some specimens lying before me from Nyassa Land and Angola. They seem only to differ in more indistinct
transverse lines. In the $$ the forewing above exhibits a more or less distinct roundish dark spot near the
base of area 1 b.

Second Group of Species.

Forewing above without a large dark anal-marginal spot.

T. burchardi Dew. (30 a). Light greenish-yellow, hindwing at the hind-margin whitish. Dorsum burchardi.
of thorax with a brown longitudinal band. Fore wing without a distinct basal line, at the end of the discal cell
with a large ring-shaped discal spot filled with whitish; the dentate postmedian transverse line and the sub¬
marginal spots are foggy grey, partly filled with whitish, and at the anal margin a whitish-scaled spot which
evidently corresponds to the dark anal-marginal spot of the species of the first group. Hindwing above with
a small central dot, a dentate strongly bent transverse line, and a large grey sub marginal spot being often in
the centre filled with white, those of the areas 4 and 5 being more remote from the margin. The margin projects
at vein 4 somewhat more than at the other veins. Wings beneath marked almost as above. West Africa:

C'hinchoxo and Cameroon.

T. aethiopica Strd. (30 b). This species was described as Crinocraspeda, but it corresponds completely aethiopica.
with the species of Trabala in the structure of the body. So far only the $ is known; it can be easily ascertained
from the figure. Congo District: Uelleburg.

We may append here ,,Amydona unicolor “ from Gambia having been described by Walker (1855). The brief description unicolor.
runs as follows: „<J. Whitish with a feeble yellowish hue. Palpi blackish, below somewhat yellowish-brown. Antennae
yellowish-brown. Legs above blackish. Length of body: 24 mm. Expanse of wings about 52 mm.“ Many years ago I had
the chance of examining the typical specimen in the British Museum. It is almost entirely rubbed off and, regarding the
colouring and marking of the wings, quite unserviceable. About the types I have put down the following notes: ,,Eyes bare.

Palpi short, not projecting beyond the frontal hair. Fiscal cell of forewing closed by a fine bent cross-vein (not open,
as Walker says). Forewing: veins 2 and 3 near together before the middle, 4 and 5 from the posterior angle of the discal
cell, 6 and 7 forked, 8 separate, 9 and 10 on a short fork. Hindwing: veins 4 and 5 on a hort fork, 7 and 8 united near
the base of the wing. Antennal pectinations beyond the middle the longest.” Kirby, in his Catalogue, places the species
to the genus Phyllalia, which however is contradictory to the neuration. The species must be a Lasiocampida and may
belong to Craspia.

6. Genus: Closterollirlx Mab.

Palpi small, upturned, with a knob-shaped (B) or cylindrical ($) terminal joint. Frons flat, plain.

Eyes bare. Antennae with middling (^ ) or very short pectinations. Head, thorax, and abdomen with coarse,
stiff, scrubby hams which are often thickened at the tips. Legs scantily haired; anterior tibiae unarmed; hind
tibiae with two small terminal spurs; tarsi with appressed scales or above somewhat hairy. The neuration
has been described above in the table of genera. Distal margin in both wings undulate or obtusely dentate.
Hindwing beneath at the costal margin covered with coarse hair. Abdomen long, projecting far beyond the
hindwing. The stages are unknown to me.

C. gambeyi Mab. (B = bosei Saalm.) B • (30 a). At once discernible from the figure. $. Both wings gambeyi.
above dark tan-coloured with black transverse lines and black submarginal spots; the discal area of both wings
is covered with almost black, with a yellow discal spot and yellowish-brown veins of the fore wing. Both wings

999

CRASPIA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

silcorae.

Iconina.

icahlbergi.

marshalli.

igncoiincta

beneath somewhat lighter brown and without an antemedian transverse line. Head, dorsum of thorax, and
apex of abdomen with blackish hair; rest of abdomen dark grey with yellowish hah. Antennae black. Expanse
of wings: 80 mm. Madagascar. — By examining the neuration and the marking of the G I became convinced
that ,,E ugly ‘phis' ‘ bosei Saalm. is the of C. gambeyi.

C. sikorae Auriv. (30 b). 2. Light brownish-yellow. Thorax above darker, blackish-brown. Forewdng
above whitish-grey, partly yellowish-grey, with two almost parallel black discal lines and rounded blackish
submarginal spots; the distal transverse line forms at the veins 6 and 7 a tooth being turned towards the
margin. The median area being bordered by the discal lines is of a deep blackish brown between the costal
margin and vein 5, behind it light yellowish-grey. The marking of the hindwing and of the under surface is
to be seen from the figure. Madagascar.

To this genus may also belong the following species not lying before me and described as a Lasiocampa.
The discal cell of the hindwing, however, is said to be closed.

C. leonina Butl. $. Wings above sand-coloured yellow, darkened by smoky grey nebulous spots,
with a somewhat more irregularly dark antemedian transverse line, and an undulate, almost angular postmedian
transverse line enclosing a greyish area, the median band, and accompanied on the forewing by a narrower
grey band. At the end of the discal cell within the first transverse band there is a creamy yellow spot. The
marginal portion (,, external area“) is feebly foggy greyish in the forewing, but in the hindwing dark reddish
speckled with dark grey; it is in both wings towards the base bordered by a row of white spots edged with
grey. Body saffron-coloured. Thorax in front didl red-brown, wings beneath light sandy yellow, towards the
margin gradually reddish, and with a row of white, grey-edged, submarginal spots which are more distinct than
above; hindwing at the costal margin, from hear the base to beyond the centre, with three parallel light dentate
bands. Abdomen beneath of a bright yellowish colour, laterally saffron-coloured. Expanse of wings: 96 mm.
Madagascar.

7. Genus: Craspisi Auriv.

Distinguished by the open discal cell of the hindwing, the short fork of the veins 9 and 10 of the forewing,
and the vein 8 of the same wing rising separately from the discal cell. Eyes bare or almost bare. Palpi short,
not projecting beyond the frons. Tibiae long and densely haired; hind tibiae with two small terminal spurs,
their tarsi with appressed scales. The species are rather different from each other and form two natural groups.

First Group of Species.

Vein 9 of forewing terminates into the margin. Costal margin of hindwing ahnost uniformly bent. Distal margins
of both wings undulate.

C. wahlbergi Auriv. (30 b). Head and dorsum of thorax varying from dark brown to blackish-
brown with intermixed white hairs. Regarding the colouring and marking of the wings it suffices to refer to
the exact figure of the typical specimen. The is unknown to me. Damara Land: Svakop, Rhodesia.

C. marshalli Auriv. (30 c). Body and wings lighter or darker grey ; wings speckled with dark. Eorewing
with two dentate black transverse lines which are very indistinct in the §; hindwing above in the basal half
feebly brightened up by reddish or yellowish, but not speckled. The $ is distinguished by its larger size, indis¬
tinct markings, and a reddish longitudinal ray in the discal cell and the area 5 of the forewing. — The larva
is distinguished by a large black frontal spot enclosing two oblong bright yellow spots. The young larva
is above greyish-blue, almost bare, beneath and laterally whitish -yellow with short and scanty hairs ; dorsum
on each side with two longitudinal lines formed of yellow or whitish dots or streaks. The adult larva is above
and laterally rather densely clothed with short brownish-j^ellow and long whitish or black hair; the black hair
form on each side of the joints 1 and 2 a divergent pencil and on the joints 2 and 6 to 10 a thin erect pencil.
Head red-brown, in the young larva greyish-blue. Mashuna Land and Transvaal.

Second Group of Species.

Vein 9 of forewing terminates into the apex of the wing. Costal margin of hindwing in the centre somewhat project¬
ing and then as far as the apex of vein 7 straight or slightly emarginated. Distal margin in both wings only feebly
undulate or almost entire. Sexes very different.

C. igneotincta Auriv. (30 c). G- Head and collar violettish-grey or yellowish; thoracal dorsum of a
bright orange; abdomen with yellow hair. Forewing above in the marginal half reddish yellow with indistinct

BERALADE. By Dr. C. Aueivillius.

223

submarginal dots; in the basal half for the greatest part of a bright orange-yellow with black transverse lines.

Hindwing above yellow, at the costal margin as far as vein 5 or 4 varying from blackish to orange-yellow, generally

with a whitish (almost silvery) transverse streak near the apex in the areas 5 and 6. Both wings beneath yellow;

hindwing at the costal margin spotted brown and with violettish-brown submarginal spots in 4 to 6. The

species is very variable, and rarely two specimens are cpiite similarly coloured or marked. — The $ (30 c)

which I described formerly as clubia, has cpiite a different shape of the wings and colouring, what is best seen

from the figure. Angola Rhodesia. — poeciiosticta Griinb. (30 c) makes the impression of a different species, poecilosiic-

but it shows distinct transitions to the typical form and can therefore only be regarded as a local race. It chiefly

differs in the basal half of the forewing above being much darker, from a violettish brown almost to black,

and the costal-marginal band of the hindwing being generally on both sides broader and darker. As the $

of this race I regard a form showing on both sides a dark grey colour, but otherwise corresponding with

the $ of the type. Damara Land.

C. kilwicola Strd. (40 a) is probably also only a form of C . igneotincta. Ground-colour of the Irilwicola.

wings orange-yellow, forewing at the base and costal margin in the basal half brownish and with a black sub¬
median oblique cross-band which at the anal margin is 5% mm distant from the base and 7 mm distant from
the anal angle, whereas at the costal margin it is outside of the centre, 10 mm distant from the base and 61/, mm
from the apex of the wing. A sublimbal, or let us say postmedian transverse row of blackish or dark
brown spots is turned towards the apex of the wing and towards shortly within (the end of) the anal margin,
slightly undulate and at both the ends shortened. Fringes violettish-brown. Costal half of hindwing red-brown
with two black transverse streaks and a light greyish one. Beneath the hindwing shows a small black costal
spot near the base and a similar transverse area without the centre of the costal half, as well as between them
a dark transverse line not reaching to the anal margin, and in the forewing there are traces of the two dark
transverse markings above. Body red-brown, in places orange-yellowish. Expanse of wings: 31 mm.“ East
Africa: Ivilwa.

8. Genus: Beralade Walk.

The numerous species of this genus are distinguished by their small size, the ground-colour being often
white or grey, and the plain markings of the fore wings. Palpi short, not or hardly projecting beyond the frontal
hair, below densely haired. Eyes hairy. Wings with entire margins. Discal cells closed. Veins 4 and 5 of fore wing
rise separately from the posterior angle of the discal cell, 6 and 7 on a short fork, 8 separately from the discal
cell, 9 and 10 longer than their fork, 9 into the margin. Hindwing: veins 4 and 5 from the same place or on
a very short fork, basal cell in the centre with a strong distally bent accessory vein often running parallel
to vein 8 and making the impression of a ninth vein. The following species have been described from the
palearctic region and probably do not occur in the Ethiopian region: Beralade geyri Bothsch., hilgerti Bothsch.,
malacosomoides Bothsch ., obliquata King., and virgo Oberth. In order to facilitate the determination of the species,
I distribute them among three groups of species.

Table o f Groups of Specie s.

A. Tarsi white or yellow, with black rings. Forewing without a light transverse spot at the end of the discal

cell — Beralade Walk. sens. str. (= Lcibea Wallengr.). Eirst group of species.

B. Tarsi not with black rings or almost quite black. — Chilena Walk.

a. Forewing without a white spot at the end of the discal celi. Second groiqr of species.

p. Forewing with a white spot or transverse -streak at the end of the discal cell.

Third group of species.

First Group of Species.

Ground-colour of the body and wings in the <$ generally white, in the $ also white or light grey or mouse-coloured,
rarely blackish-grey. The marking of the forewing above is very plain and often only consists of two slanting dark lines or
bands turned from the anal margin towards the apex or the distal margin, both of which extend without the apex of
the discal cell ; they are denoted as the postdiscal and submarginal lines. Besides, the costal margin may be more or less darkened.

The hindwing and the under surface are without any marking.

B. perobliqua Walk. (30 d). The transverse lines of the forewing are not coherent, but composed perobliqua
of short black streaks on the veins; the postdiscal line is directed towards the apex of the wing; generally a
short black streak at the centre of the base of the wing. Costal margin of fore wing very narrow ochreous-
yellow. Antennae and palpi yellow; palpi on the outside and the eye-circle are black. Body and wings in the
d with a white or light grey ground-colour, in the $ mouse-coloured. Natal to Rhodesia . — fumosa Dist. seems
to differ only in the body and wings being mouse-coloured in both sexes.

224

BERALADE. By Dr. C. Aurtvilliits.

continua.

niphoessa.

bistrigata.

ecinofusea.

senegalen-

sis.

pur a.

pulla.

vallengreni.

bettoni.

igninervis.

simplex.

B. continua Auriv. Costal region of forewing sometimes darkened by blackish lines. The transverse
lines of the forewing are dark brownish-grey and coherent or only interrupted by the white veins; the postdiscal
line is directed towards the apex of vein 8 and almost quite straight; the submarginal line is often indistinct.
Costal margin of forewing narrowly ochreous-yellow. Antennal shaft white, pectinations yellow. Palpi ochreous-
yellow, outwards black. Body and wings white, or in the $ grey; veins of forewing white, lighter than the
ground-colour. German East Africa. Uganda. — niphoessa Strd. (30 d) only differs in its somewhat smaller
size and in the absence of the submarginal line of the fore wing. Mkalamu. Sudan.

B. bistrigata Strd. (30 d) differs from the species mentioned last, as the figure shows, only in both
the transverse bands being distinct and almost straight, and particularly in the postdiscal band being directed
towards the apex of the wing. The ground-colour is whitish-grey. Mkalamu. — canofusca Strd. (30 d) I can
only regard as a dark form of bistrigata. German East Africa. — senegalensis Oberth. is probably also only a
dark $ of bistrigata. Senegal.

B. pura Warr. & Rothsch. (30 e). In the the wings and body are of a pure white. Antennae and
palpi yellow, the latter outwards blackish. Costal margin of forewing narrowly ochreous-yellow. Forewing
above only with a postdiscal line which is indistinct and directed towards the apex of the wing. It is similar
to B. niphoessa (32 d), but larger (expanse of wings : 40 mm) and deviates by the postdiscal line directed towards
the apex of the wing. Sudan.

B. pulla Strd. (30 c). A small (expanse 23 to 24 mm) brownish-grey species in which, as in all the
preceding species, the costal margin of the forewing is narrowly ochreous-yellowish. Under surface uni-coloured,
of a colour like the hindwing above. Antennae light brown, at the base with a small light ochreous-yellowish
hair-tuft. Palpi ochreous-yellow, outside with black hair. East Africa: Yringa District.

The two following species differ from all the preceding species in the costal margin of the forewing and the palpi not
being coloured yellow.

B. wallengreni Auriv. (= obliquata Wallengr.) (30 e). A. Body, wings, palpi, antennal shaft and
legs white or whitish; palpi outside brownish, antennal pinnae light yellowish ; tarsi with black rings. Eorewing
elongate, postdiscal line cpiite straight, light brownish, coherent, beginning close at the base of the forewing
and terminating at the apex of vein 8; it is thereby almost quite parallel with the costal margin; the submarginal
line is very indistinct. $ unknown. Damara Land: Kuisip River.

B. bettoni Auriv. (30 e). Body, hindwing above and beneath, as well as forewing beneath, blackish-
grey without markings. Forewing above dark grey with somewhat lighter veins, a blackish longitudinal streak
in the discal cell and blackish transverse bands, the first of which is broad and extends from the centre of the
anal margin to the apex of the wing; the second extends along the distal margin and is composed of roundish
spots. British East Africa.

Second Group of Species.

The few species of this group differ from the forms of the first group in the uni-coloured, not black-ringed tarsi,
and from those of the third group in the absence of the white discal spot of the forewing. The species are very different
from each other and hardly more closely allied. The first species approximates B. wallengreni by the colour and marking
of the forewing, and the two others deviate from all the other species of Beralade in the discal area being on both sides bordered
by almost erect transverse lines.

B. signinervis Strd. <$. ,, Forewing dark greyish-brown with a yellowish reflection and a blackish

longitudinal streak extending sub parallel to the costal margin, beginning on the apex of vein 8 and extending
towards the base of the anal margin which, however, it does not quite reach; behind this band there is an
indistinct dark line parallel to it. Costal margin straw-coloured. Fringes at the ends white, of a silvery lustre,
at the base greyish. From the base through the cell a darker indistinct stripe. Hindwing grey with a feeble
brownish hue; fringes as in the fore wing. Marginal line in both wings hardly traceable. Under surface dark grey,
in the forewing with lighter veins. Body above like the hindwing, head in front very slightly brownish. Antennal
shaft whitish, pinnae brownish. Palpi yellowish. At the interior margins of the eyes there are black hairs.
Expanse of wings: 23 mm. The $ is larger (about 28 mm) and lighter. Forewing straw-coloured; the posterior
dark band is rather distinct and almost as broad as the anterior band. Hindwing pale straw-coloured. Antennae
and palpi yolk-coloured. ,,The species is particularly distinguished by the dark longitudinal line extending
from the base of the fore wing to the postdiscal line. In the specimens I have seen this line was quite distinct.

B. simplex Auriv. (30 d), as the figure shows, differs from all the other species of the genus in the
yellowish-brown colour and the dark brown transverse lines, two in the forewing and one in the hindwing.
Forewing with a minute brown discal dot. In the neuration the species differs in vein 8 being united with vein 7
already at the base of it. Natal.

Publ. 22. I. 1927.

BERALADE. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

225

B. pygmula Strd. is unknown to me, but judging from the description it is apparently allied with pygmula.
B. simplex. One of the smallest species of Beralade. Forewing reddish-brown with a black punctiform
discocellular spot and two light greyish transverse lines bordering on the median area, reaching both the costal
margin and anal margin and being almost straight. Hindwing darker brown; uni-coloured. Fringes like the
wings. Expanse of wings: 20 mm. Transvaal: Pretoria.

Third Group of Species.

The species of this group are at once recognisable by the white transverse spot at the end of the discal cell of
the forewing. They were formerly ranged with a special genus ( Chilena ) being also represented in Asia, but morphologically
they do not differ from Beralade. The two first species exhibit three dark, almost straight slanting transverse lines on the
forewing, the first of which only extends from the discal spot to the anal margin. The others only exhibit a single
transverse band about midway between the apex of the discal cell and the distal margin, slantingly extending from the anal
margin to the apex of the wing and being often proximally bordered with white.

B. prompta Walk. (= plusioides Walk.) is a species not being rare in South Africa. Forewing with prompta.
three dark oblique lines and a white straight transverse streak at the end of the discal cell entirely as in
B. interjecta (30 e). Forewing at least in the basal half covered with reddish, fawn-coloured, in the marginal
portion sometimes lighter, greyish. Hindwing on both sides hued with reddish, with a lighter or darker ground¬
colour. South Africa. — rufotincfa Strd. is said to be somewhat larger and darker, the wings being reddish rufotincta.
as far as the distal margin; the third transverse line is distinct towards the base, bordered by white. Betchouana
Land, Natal, and Mikindani in East Africa.

B, interjecta Auriv. (30 e) is very closely allied to prompta and may be only a form of it. The $ differs interjecta.
in the forewing above being in the basal portion yellowish-brown or greyish-brown (not reddish-brown) and
the hindwing being white or light grey. Abdomen often purely white. South Africa.

B. donaldsoni Holl. The white transverse streak at the end of the discal cell of the forewing is reverted donaldsoni.
towards the base at the posterior angle of the cell and is continued almost to the centre of the cell ; the portion
showing towards the base is much longer than the transverse streak. The blackish submarginal oblique band
is not or only feebly undulate, uniformly bent and generally on the inside broadly bordered with white. In
the typical form the forewing above is light fawn-coloured, at the margin lighter, and the hindwing is white
or whitish without a dark spot at the anal angle. Kilima-Njaro to Somaliland. — marshalli Auriv. (30 d), marshalli.
from the Transvaal and Mashona-Land, only differs in the brownish-grey or greyish ground-colour of the fore wing,
the straighter or irregularly bent submarginal band of the forewing, and in a blackish spot at the anal angle
of the hindwing.

B. breyeri Auriv. (= intermedia Auriv. i. 1.) is very similar to donaldsoni, but differs in the white breyeri.
discal streak of the forewing being only somewhat thickened or very shortly reverted towards the base at the
posterior angle of the cell. Thorax and forewing above grey or brownish-grey ; the oblique band of the forewing
is almost straight, proximad bordered with whitish. Hindwing whitish, at the distal margin and anal angle
speckled with dark. Forewing beneath grey with light veins. Abdomen above more or less darkened. Transvaal.

— ab. intermedia Auriv. Both wings at the distal margin broad dark grey with whitish veins. Transvaal. intermedia.

B. strigifascia Hmps. (30 e). Head, thorax, and forewing above red-brown. Discal streak of forewing not strigifascia.
reverted towards the base, small and equally broad. Submarginal band dark brown, on the veins blackish, towards
the base broadly bordered with white. Hindwing white with two reddish spots at the anal angle. Very similar
to breyeri from which it only differs in the colouring and shape of the discal spot on the fore wing. Ruwenzori.

B. levenna Wallgr. (30 d) is allied to the two last species by the small discal spot being only slightly
thickened at the anal angle, but not long-extended towards the base, and by the coherent submarginal band
of the forewing. Body and wings with a purely grey ground-colour and grey, sometimes somewhat dark-spotted
fringes. Eye-circle blackish. Pectinations of antennae light yellowish. Forewing above light grey, bluish-grey,
or dark grey, at the apex of the discal cell always more or less blackish. The species is particularly distinguished
by the almost straight, sharply angled or notched black submarginal line being proximad nob bordered
or only with light grey. Hindwing above grey, sometimes with a transverse row of dark streaks on the veins.

Both wings beneath mouse-coloured without markings. Transvaal, Natal. — ab. micromacula Strd. only differs micromacu-
in the discal spot of the fore wing being not reverted at all at the posterior angle. South Africa. la-

B. punctulata Auriv. differs from the other species of this group in the submarginal line of the forewing punctulata.
not being coherent but composed of separate black dots or streaks on the veins, d1. Head, thorax, and legs
uni-coloured, grey. Palpi brown. Antennae white with yellowish pinnae. Abdomen whitish. Forewing above
whitish, speckled with brown scales; a white spot at the apex of the discal cell, and a straight submarginal
row of black dots on the veins 2 to 6. Hindwing above white without markings. Fore wing beneath greyish
with traces of 2 or 3 darker longitudinal streaks in the areas 5, 8 and 9. Hindwing beneath whitish. Expanse
of wings: 28 mm. Nigeria.

B. parva Auriv. (30 d) is a small, very dark species which, however, resembles somewhat B. levenna. parva.
Head and thorax above blackish-grey. Chest, legs, and abdomen lighter, yellowish brown; tarsi almost black

XIV

29

226

ODONTOCHEILOPTERYX; OPLOMETA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

with narrow grey rings. Antennae light yellow. Porewing above blackish-grey with two short white streaks
at the base, an indistinct white, black-curled spot at the apex of the discal cell, and a dentate black oblique
line from the apex of the wing to the anal margin beyond the centre; this line is towards the base broadly
bordered with white between the apex and the vein 5 or 4; marginal area speckled with whitish scales; fringes
grey, at the ends of the veins blackish. Hindwing whitish or light grey, at the margin and anal angle more
or less darkened. Expanse of wings: 23 mm. Cape Colony: Kimberley. South West Africa.

I append here the two following species, the position of which is uncertain, because the descriptions
do not mention anything about the marking of the tarsi.

sabrina. B. sabrina Drc. (30 e). Head white, antennae yellow; palpi yellowish-white; collar and thorax light

brown; tegulae light brown, margined with white; abdomen and legs white. Eorewing pale brown with two
white longitudinal stripes extending from the base of the wing almost to the distal margin; the first is straight,
the other one bent up towards the apex of the wing ; the costal margin and fringes are white. Hindwing yellowish-
white. Somali Land.

fulvostriata. B. fulvostriata Pag. „<$. Antennae light brown, frons and collar white, chest white with a brownish

tint, abdomen the same. Forewing white with two parallel curved brownish transverse lines from the apex
towards the ground. Subcostal veins scaled brownish. Hindwing whitish with a dark marginal line. Forewing
beneath white. Costal veins brownish, transverse lines indistinct. Hindwing of a pure white. Expanse of
wings: 25 mm.“ Somaliland. — It may be a form of B. sabrina ?

9. Genus: 4)*lontoc*lieiIoptei*yx Wallgr.

The species belonging to this genus are also externally easily recognisable by the scale-dents at the
anal margin of the forewing. Frons long-haired, unarmed. Palpi long, obliquely bent up, projecting beyond
the frons, at the apex very broad and densely haired. Antennae of $ with long, of $ with short pinnae. Eyes
hairy. Legs, also the tarsi above, long-haired. Forewing with an almost straight costal margin, a uniform,
rather strongly bent distal margin, and a very short anal margin (from the base to the apex of vein 1). Veins
4 and 5 from the same place or on a very short fork, 8 from the fork of 6 and 7, 9 and 10 on a very long
fork, 9 into the distal margin. Hindwing at the costal margin slightly concave, its veins 4 and 5 forked. Distal
margin in both wings almost entire; fringes, however, feebly undulate.

myxa. 0. myxa Wallengr. (30 e). <$. Head and anterior dorsum white or light grey, posterior dorsum darkened

by brownish. Abdomen above whitish yellow, often in the middle ochreous-yellow, at the base and apex dark
brown. Forewing with light veins, a white discal spot and small black submarginal dots in 2 to 9, of which,
however, one or several may be absent; the variegated and somewhat confused other marking is best seen
from the figure. Forewing beneath similar, but only indistinctly marked, with light veins. Hindwing whitish
without markings. The $ is larger with broader wings and a lighter ground-colour. Hindwing like in the $
uni-coloured white or greyish- white. Thorax and abdomen uni-colourecl white or whitish. Natal to Kilima-
obscura. Njaro. — obscura form. nov. differs from the typical form in the darker colouring of the forewing, the fringes
being speckled with blackish-brown between the ends of the veins, and a darker hindwing. The latter is in
the G dark grey with a bent blackish median transverse band getting much broader towards the hind-margin
and below sharply defined, whereas the $ hindwing is greyish-yellow with two similar, dull grey bands. Natal.

maculata. 0. maculata Auriv. (31 a). The forewing is (vid. figure) in this species much less variegated, more

monotonously coloured and marked brown; the black sub marginal dots are all present and situate on the
inside of a small white spot. Adamaua.

10. Genus: Oploineta Auriv.

Forewing in the $ very long and narrow with a short anal margin, an almost straight distal margin,
and a straight costal margin being only slightly bent before the apex. Palpi rather long, thick. Head and thorax
densely haired. Frons armed with a long spine. Forewing: veins 4 and 5 rise from the same place, 6 and 7
on a short fork, 8 separately from the apex of the discal cell, 9 and 10 three times the length of their pedicle,
9 into the distal margin. Hindwing: veins 4 and 5 from the posterior angle of the discal cell; basal cell small,
not half the length of the discal cell, veins 7 and 8 united in one place. Posterior body extended coni¬
form, much longer than the hindwing.

comuta. 0. comuta Auriv. (30 f). Head and anterior dorsum blackish-brown; metathorax brown. Abdomen

above blackish. Body beneath yellowish-brown. Forewing dark brown, in the marginal portion lighter brown,
before the margin (in the areas 1 b to 9) with a series of black angular markings. Hindwing small and short,
almost black, at the costal margin and distal margin brightened up by yellowish. Wings beneath almost as

PHILOTHERMA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

227

above, but at the margin lighter and without the dentate submarginal line of the forewing. $ unknown. By the
shape of the wings it recalls the <$<$ of Gonometa and Pachyna, but it differs entirely from Gonometa in the
neuration. Sierra Leone.

11. Genus: Pliilotlierma Mschlr.

Large or middle-sized Lasiocampinae with broad wings, often very similar to the species of the palearctic
genera Lasiocampa and Macrothylacia, with which they are also in fact closely allied. Eyes bare. The palpi
do not project or but little beyond the frons. Antennae as far as the apex with two rows of pectinations,
the pinnae in the G long, in the middling or very short. Forewing: veins 4 and 5 separately from the
posterior angle of the cell, 6 and 7 from the same place or on a short pedicle, 8 separately from the discal cell,
9 and 10 on a short fork. Hindwing: veins 4 and 5 not forked; basal cell small without accessory veins.
Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. Tarsi with appressed scales, above not or but little haired. The larvae,
as far as they .are known, are long-haired and shaped like those of the Lasiocampa, but on the sides they exhibit
groups of densely crowded silky hairs.

The sexes are often very different. The $$ are larger, lighter, and at the end of the abdomen generally
clad with dense woolly hair.

The numerous species can be distributed upon four groups.

Table of groups of species.

I. The transverse lines of the fore wing above are cpiite smooth, not dentate. Distal margin in both
wings moderately undulate or almost entire.

A. Palpi thick, below densely clothed with long hair; terminal joint knob-shaped hidden in the hair,

a. Anterior tibiae at the apex spined. First group of species.

(3. Anterior tibiae unarmed. Second group of species.

B. Palpi slender, scantily haired, projecting beyond the frons; terminal joint oblong.

Third group of species.

II. At least the distal transverse line of the forewing is distinctly dentate. Anterior tibiae unarmed ( ? in all
species?). Fourth group of species.

First Group of Species.

Anterior tibiae apically spined. Distal margin in both wings moderately undulate or almost entire. Vein 9 of forewing
terminates into the apex of the wing or into the distal margin close behind the apex of the wing.

The species are closely allied and their differences are in many cases still very uncertain. As the authors do not
mention anything about the armature of the anterior tibiae, I have inserted here the species not being examined by me
only according to the habitus and marking. The marking is almost the same in all the species and normally consists in the
forewing of an almost straight prediscal line, a light discal dot, a slanting postdiscal line, and a somewhat irregular row
of dark submarginal dots or submarginal spots, of which the one in area 4 is always removed more towards the base than
the one in area 3. The hindwing normally shows a dark discal line in the costal-marginal portion and a postdiscal row of dark
dots or spots. On the under surface the prediscal line is absent in both wings.

Ph. jacchus Mschlr. (30 f). The colour and marking is to be seen from the figure (made according jacchus.
to the type). The species is distinguished by the ground-colour being lighter on the proximal side of the post¬
discal line and the sub marginal row of the fore wing. Gold Coast.

Ph. sordida Auriv. (30 f) only differs in the somewhat lighter ground-colour, the black-curled discal sordida.
dot of the fore wing and smaller submarginal spots being often absent on the hindwing above. Sierra Leone,

Nigeria. — ab. posticata Strd. (31 a) is still lighter and shows distinct submarginal spots on the hindwing above, posticata.
Togo. — testaceicomis Strd. (31 a) only differs in the indistinct discal spot and the lighter ground-colour. South testaceicor-
Cameroon. ms

Ph. rosa Drc. is the oldest species known of this group. The differences between it and the numerous rosa.
forms described later on are unfortunately not stated in literature. If one possesses a series of specimens of
the rosa-group and tries to determinate them according to the descriptions or figures, it is soon evident that
it is impossible to denominate the single specimens with certainty, because the characteristic marks are
not always exact, but are almost infinitely variable. As Druce’s description *) is decisive for the determination
of the typical form, I recapitulate it here completely: Fore wing 'reddish fawn-coloured, from the base

almost to the centre the darkest and there traversed by a bent narrow black line which is distally bordered
with whitish and extends from the costal margin to the anal margin; between the transverse line and the margin

*) The figure in Monteiro’s ,,Delagoa-Bay“ is too much reduced to a smaller scale as to be of use.

228

PHILOTHERMA. By Dr. C. Attrivillius.

montibia.

natalica.

squamata.

ochrasces-

cens.

clara.

rufescens.

a row of small black dots from the apex of the wing to the hind-margin near the anal angle; a small
white, black-curled dot at the end of the discal cell. Hindwing reddish fawn-coloured, the darkest at the base
and hind-margin; a fine indistinct black line traverses the hindwing from the costal margin, near the apex,
almost to the centre of the hind-margin without reaching it completely. The under surface of both wings is
reddish fawn-coloured with the transverse lines and dots as above, but red-brown, and with submarginal dots
also on the hindwing. Head, thorax, abdomen, and antennae reddish fawn-coloured. — Forewing and hindwing
uniformly light whitish fawn-coloured, with a reddish hue, densely speckled with black scales; forewing from
the costal margin to the hind-margin traversed by two bent black lines, the first near the base, the second
behind the middle ; a submarginal row of spots as in the The transverse line of the hindwing is very indistinct.
The under surface is much paler than the upper surface and exhibits on both wings a submarginal row of large
black spots. Head, thorax, and abdomen of the same colour as the wings. The anal pencil is very large and
somewhat darker than the abdomen. Antennae and legs reddish fawn-coloured. Delagoa Bay“ This description
proves that in the $ of the typical Ph. rosa the first transverse band of the forewing on both sides and the
submarginal dots of the hindwing above are absent and that above in the $ both the transverse lines of the
fore wing are present, whereas the submarginal dots of the hindwing are absent. An almost cpiite similar d
is before me from Kigonsera in East Africa ; it only differs in the postdiscal line of the forewing not being distally
bordered with light. — In montibia Strd. (31 a, b) £ the first transverse line of the forewing above is distinct,
almost straight, and the second on both wings distally accompanied by a brownish nebulous band. There is
still uncertainty about the question whether and how the $ differs from the $$ of the other forms. Kilima-
Njaro. — natalica var nov. I denominate the form of which several specimens are before me from Natal. It
is evidently closely allied to the typical form, but above it has a distinct subbasal transverse line of the
forewing and submarginal dots of the hindwing at least in 4 to 6. From montibia it only differs in the ground¬
colour above being uniform as far as the margin and not darkened outside of the distal transverse line. The
latter is towards the distal margin very finely bordered with whitish and is continued on the hindwing in an
entirely straight line at least to the centre. The discal spot of the forewing is small, white, blqnk-curled. On
the under surface the discal line is brown, almost parallel with the margin, and is continued at least to vein
2 of the hindwing. Both wings with submarginal dots. The $ which I received together with the dc?
has an expanse of wings of 90 mm, but in the marking it corresponds exactly with the $<$ and only differs
in the much lighter greyish- white ground-colour and the upper surface being speckled with dark scales. - —
squamata Strd. ( ? = flavescens Wichgr.) (31 b). Forewing above light fawn-coloured, at the base somewhat
lighter, with black transverse lines the distal one of which is rectangularly broken at the costal margin and
posteriorly for a short distance continued on the hindwing. A minute black discal dot of the fore wing. Both
wings without submarginal dots. Under surface of both wings dingy light greyish with a faint ochreous hue
and without any other markings but a dark median transverse line ; at the costal margin of the hindwing there
are traces of one or two dark spots. East Africa near Langenburg. Tanganyika. — ochrascescens Strd.
(31 1)). Both wings above light greyish-yellow; forewing with a black discal dot and a black postdiscal line,
but without submarginal dots. Hindwing and the under surface of both wings without markings. Body ochreous;
tarsi dark. East Africa. Probably the $ of squamata. — The larva of var. natalica is before me owing to
the kindness of Air. E. L. Clark from Natal. It is cylindrical with a blackish or blackish-brown ground-colour
which, however, is only distinctly prominent beneath and on the segmental margins, and everywhere clothed
with long brown hair. The dorsal side is bluish-grey and by the black segmental margins divided into large
quadrangular areas; on the sides the segmental margins and the surroundings of the black spiracles of the joints
4 to 10 are densely clothed with short white silky hair; sides of the head red-brown, frons light yellow with
two black spots; clypeus black.

Ph. clara B.-Bak. is described as follows: Head, thorax, and abdomen pale creamy. Both

wings pale creamy, feebly lined with reddish. Forewing with a fine dark, slanting, prediscal transverse line and
a similar postdiscal line which is bent towards the base at the costal margin; these two lines approach each
other at the anal margin. Traces of a small dark dot at the end of the discal cell. Hindwing without markings.
Expanse of wings: 79 mm. Rhodesia. “ — To this species may also belong a d from the Nyassa Land, which,
however, differs in the distal transverse line being at least continued to the centre of the hindwing, and the
expanse of wings being only 66 mm.

Ph. rufescens Wichgr. is unknown to me, but probably to be ranged here. The description says:
,, Upper surface: fore wing: ground-colour a silvery lustrous creamy yellow turning reddish yellowish-brown
towards the base by being more and more densely haired. Costal margin yolk-coloured. Fringes reddish yellow.
The spot at the cell-end is white, somewhat oval edged with black. Discal band strigiform red-brown, extending
from the second third of the costal margin obliquely almost to the centre of the anal margin, rather straight
with a slight proximal bend from veins 7 to 9. Hindwing: ground-colour as above, but the intense fur-like
hairing of the base is not so dark as in the forewing. The slightly bent discal streak extends from the centre
of the costal margin to the centre of the anal margin, gradually disappearing hindward. Fringes reddish-yellow.
Under surface: forewing and hindwing uniformly creamy without the least trace of a spot or band. Antennae
yolk-coloured like the head, palpi, feet, dorsum and the beginning of the abdomen, as well as a comb of bristles

PHILOTHERMA. By Dr. C. Aukivillius.

229

as far as the anal tuft. Rest of abdomen lighter yellowish, though still darker than the reddish creamy
colour beneath. Expanse of wings: 75 mm.“ East Africa: Kigonsera.

Ph. rermei Dew. (40 b). The species is based upon the figured whether the $ which is also figured rennet.
belongs to it, is not cpiite certain. The $ is described as follows: ,, Upper surface of the wings white with a
somewhat yellowish tint. Forewing strewn with dark scales, with a broad grey marginal colour which is dentate
on the hind-margin, and two dark transverse bands from the costal margin to the anal margin. On the hindwing
above the broad grey marginal colouring is also present, though much feebler than on the forewing. The under
surface is still somewhat lighter than the upper, with a row of blackish spots along the margin. The two narrow
transverse bands of the forewing are not visible beneath, but the distal band is continued on the hindwing
beneath from the costal margin to the centre of the wing. Head, body, legs, palpi whitish, partly yellowish. “

— The, A was described according to a badly preserved specimen. In well preserved specimens the colouring
of the wings is said to be yellowish-grey, particularly at the base darker. The dispersed black scales in the
forewing are more densely arranged than in the $, particularly outside of the discal black transverse stripe;
the latter is distinct and is more vertically placed than in the $, whereas the basal transverse stripe is rather
indistinct. The discal stripe is continued on the anterior part of the hindwing; the grey marginal band is very
indistinct. Right outside of the discocellular there is a distinct white dot proximally edged with black. Cape
Colony and Damara Land.

Ph. frianguligera sp. n. $. By the shape of the wings and the colouring it resembles the races of trianguli-
Ph. rosa ; but from all the forms of the genus hitherto known it differs in the two dark transverse lines of the (jero

fore wing being more slanting and united at the anal margin, bordering on a triangular discal area. Body
fawn-coloured, beneath somewhat darkened. Forewing above dark fawn-coloured or reddish-brown, at the
base of the anal margin light yellowish, everywhere clad with black scales; the first transverse line is straight,
the second bent; submarginal spots small and indistinct; marginal portion somewhat more densely strewn
with black scales, whereby traces of a marginal band are produced. Discal dot absent. Hindwing above fawn-
coloured with blackish-brown foggy sub marginal spots, but without a transverse line. Both wings beneath
whitish with a reddish hue and light reddish fringes, a feebly bent reddish discal band and black submarginal
dots. Expanse of wings: 57 mm. Masbuna Land: Salisbury.

Ph. media Auriv. (40 b). A- Light fawn-coloured. Wings above with the usual black markings, media.
Forewing with a straight first transverse line being placed vertically against the costal margin; the second
transverse line is almost straight, at the costal margin rectangularly broken; the submarginal spots are irregular,
indistinctly defined, united to a nebulous band. Hindwing with a complete discal band and a nebulous sub¬
marginal band as in the forewing. Under surface of both wings whitish-yellow with distinctly defined, separate,
black submarginal spots. Hindwing besides with a bent discal line. 57 to 60 mm. Nyassa Land.

Ph. grisea Auriv. Body and wings above dark grey. Wings beneath yellowish-grey. Forewing grisea.
above: the first transverse line is slightly curved, blackish, towards the base convex and bordered with light
grey; the second transverse line is almost straight, at the costal margin bent towards the base, blackish, towards
the margin bordered light grey; a white discal dot; the transverse lines almost touch each other at the anal
margin; an irregular submarginal row of blackish streaks or dots, towards the base accompanied by grey nebulous
spots. Hindwing above with a bent dark median line. Both the wings beneath with a dark dentate discal
line which is strongly bent on the hindwing and almost reaches the base of the hind-margin, and with traces
of dark submarginal spots. Expanse of wings: 66 mm. Separated from all the species mentioned so far by
the dark grey ground-colour. Kilima-Njaro.

Ph. fuscescens Hmps. (30 f). Only the is known of this large species. Head and thorax grey, hued fuscescens.
with brown. Antennal pinnae red-brown. Abdomen grey, liued with red-brown, and with a dark brown lateral
line. Forewing grey, suffused with a greyish brown; the first transverse line is blackish, rather indistinct, twice
curved; a small light discal dot; the second transverse line is blackish, curved as usual at the costal margin,
then somewhat slanting to the centre of the anal margin, distally bordered with light and accompanied by
a dark nebulous band; the black submarginal spots form a twice curved row. Hindwing grey, suffused with
dark brown, in the centre with a broad nebulous, feebly curved transverse band and outside of this band with
an almost straight transverse row of large black submarginal spots. Fringes blackish -grey. On the under surface
the markings are less distinct. Expanse of wings: 92 mm. Congo: Katanga.

Ph. thoracica Bull. (31b) is known to me only from the description and figure; it has a somewhat thoracica.
different shape of the wings, but in the marking it exactly corresponds with the species of this group. Only
the $ is known. ,, Costal margin and veins of forewing dark; the proximal transverse line of the forewing is
transverse, slightly curved; the distal transverse line is oblique, at the costal margin bent towards the base;
both the transverse lines are grey, broader than in Ph. rennei (40 b); the sub marginal dots are well defined,
nearer to the margin and also on the hindwing distinct. Thorax and basal portion of the fore wing light
ochreous. Anal wool above pale ochreous. Abdomen beneath ochreous-yellow, on the ventrum with a row
of grey transverse streaks. Expanse of wings: 65 mm. Ruwenzori.

230

PHILOTHERMA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

simplex.

brunnea.

fusca.

dentata.

spargata.

I append here the following species described from a damaged specimen.

Ph, simplex Wichgraf. Without any markings. The silky gloss is here still more intense (than in Ph.
flavescens), and the dull creamy colour of the forewing exhibits in some places a silvery white reflection. Kindwing
reddish-brown, particularly towards the base with a hue on it. Body and antennae yellowish -brown; eyes
greyish-brown. Under surface reddish-brown with slight traces of a discal band from which the colour turns
somewhat darker as far as the base. The contours of the wings are characteristic, appearing truncate, so that
the difference between the costal margin and the anal margin is smaller. Expanse of wings: 67 mm. Ivilima-
Njaro.

Second Group of Species.

Both the transverse lines of the forewing above distinct, quite smooth, not dentate. Anterior tibiae unarmed. Distal
margin of forewing almost entire, of hindwing undulate. Fringes very long. Eyes bare. Palpi entirely as in Ph. rosa below
densely long-haired. Vein 9 of forewing almost terminates into the apex of the wing.

Ph. brunnea Auriv. (31 b) was described as a Bombycopsis and resembles also in the exterior the
species of that genus and those of Olyra ; but as the fork of the veins 9 and 10 in the fore wing is very short and
the eyes are bare, the species must belong to the genus Pliilotherma. Only the $ is known to me. Fore wing
above dark red-brown or fawn-coloured with blackish transverse lines; the first transverse line is bent distally
convex; the second transverse line is more strongly bent at ,the costal margin, then feebly bent; discal dot
small, black, sometimes indistinct ; submarginal dots black, separate, arranged in an almost regular arcuate
row. Hindwing above lighter brown or fawn-coloured with a fine curved dark discal line and an indistinct
submarginal line or separate submarginal dots. Both wings above and beneath in the marginal portion more
or less speckled with black scales, beneath with a joint bent discal line and somewhat lighter ground-colour.
Expanse of wings: 40 to 45 mm.. Nyassa Land.

Third Group of Species.

Palpi slender, projecting a little beyond the frons, scantily haired, with a distinct oblong terminal joint. $ without
anal wool. Vein 9 of forewing into the apex of the wing.

Ph. fusca Auriv. Everywhere dark (blackish) brownish-grey. Antennal pinnae as well as the legs
and the abdomen beneath brown or brownish. Forewing above with a normal, though rather inconspicuous
marking; the fust transverse line is slanting, almost vertical to the costal margin; discal dot small, uni-colo ured
black; the second transverse line uniformly bent from the costal margin to the anal margin, towards the distal
margin indistinctly bordered with light, at the anal margin very near to the first transverse line or almost touching
it; the sub marginal spots are black and situate somewhat nearer to the margin than usual, in a uniformly bent
row parallel with the margin. Hindwing with an indistinct nebulous postmeclian band. Both wings beneath dark
grey without markings or only with traces of dark bands. Sexes similar to each other. Expanse of wings:
50 to 52 mm. Nyassa Land.

Fourth Group of Species.

By the distal transverse line of the forewing above being distally dentate and composed of bows or little crescents,
the species of this group are at once distinguished from those of the first three groups. In the species which I examined
the anterior tibiae are unarmed. Margin in both wings dentate or at least distinctly undulate.

Ph. dentata Auriv. (31 c). $. Forewing above with a black discal spot. Margin of both wings dentate.
Wings above with a light yellow, beneath whitish ground-colour, above for the greatest part speckled with
black scales. Hindwing on both sides at the hind-margin broadly white or whitish without markings. Forewing
beneath only at the apex and distal margin somewhat speckled and with submarginal spots. Vein 9 of forewing
into the apex of the wing. The figure makes any further description superflous. $ unknown. It is questionable
whether it is the $ of Ph. spargata Holl. Congo District.

Ph. spargata Holl. By this name I combine some closely allied forms which are probably only races
or aberrations of the same species. The forewing shows a roundish white discal spot, and at the costal margin
between the distal transverse line and the apex of the wing a whitish spot or a large, indistinctly defined whitish
brightening. Margin in both wings very undulate. Only $$ are known. — spargata Holl. (= spargatana Strd.)
(35 e) is the form described first. It has light chestnut-colom'ed palpi which are outside dark brown, a pale
reddish frons; a brown collar being inside and outside bordered with dark brown and reddish shoulder-
covers. Thorax and abdomen above light reddish; legs rust-coloured with black tarsi. Fore wing above dark
brown, the basal portion and a broad marginal band from the apex to the hind-margin are light rust-brown;
these areas are towards the margin and base defined by dentate dark lines; these are of a light reddish-yellow
colour which warms into whitish at the costal margin; at the end of the discal cell a roundish, white

OLYRA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

231

black-ringed discal dot. Fringes dark brown, at the base lighter brown. Hindwing with the same ground¬
colour as the forewing and with a lighter median transverse band forming a continuation of the light transverse
band of the forewing. Wings beneath light yellowish, at the base, the apex of the forewing, and at the costal
margin of the hindwing suffused with dark brown. Expanse of wings: 65 mm. Ogowe, Cameroon. ■ — - nigri- nigritarsis.
tarsis Strd. (33 c). The marks of this form are to be seen from the figure. The whitish brightening at the costal
margin of the forewing seems to be much more extensive than in spargata. Gabun; Cameroon.

Ph. vulpecula Strd. is very similar to Ph. spargata, but it differs in the submarginal transverse row vulpecula.
of black punctiform spots and the presence of a median transverse line in the hindwing; in the forewing the
submarginal dots are less distinct, particularly because they are not proximad bordered with light as in spargata ;
beneath both wings exhibit a submarginal row of black punctiform spots which are just as distinct as those
on the hindwing above; the median transverse line of the hindwing beneath is almost straight. Both wings
above brownish-red, beneath somewhat lighter, fawn-coloured, above with a fine black discal transverse line
and a submarginal row of black dots. Expanse of wings: 70 mm. Belgian Congo.

Ph. obscura n. sp. (31 c). A somewhat different species. Eyes hairy. Vein 9 of forewing into obscura.
the discal margin. Anterior tibiae unarmed. Palpi below densely long-haired with a knob-shaped terminal
joint, not projecting beyond the' frons. Antennae of A with long pinnae. The whole insect is dark grey with
black markings. Body above darker, beneath lighter grey. Forewing above dark grey, in the marginal portion
somewhat lighter grey; the first transverse line is almost erect, angular, touching the black discal dot; the
second transverse line is dentate, distally bent, almost parallel with the margin, double; the sub marginal spots
are almost separate, forming an irregular transverse row. Hindwing above just as dark as fore wing, the discal
and submarginal bands are coherent, bent. Both wings beneath lighter, feebly reddish-grey, without submarginal
dots, but with a joint, very distinct, bent black discal transverse line. Expanse of wings : 44 mm. South Rhodesia.

12. Genus: Olyra Wallgr.

Very closely allied to the preceding genus, but separated by the densely haired eyes. Palpi projecting
beyond the frons, in the A beneath with long and dense hair, with a knob-shaped terminal joint, in the $ longer,
more slender, and less densely haired with an oblong terminal joint. Antennae of A with long, in the $ with
short pinnae. Anterior tibiae unarmed. Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. Wings in the A short and
broad, in the $ more elongate, at the margin entire or almost entire with very long fringes. Fore wing above
invariably behind the centre with a discal transverse line and a coherent or striated submarginal line. To what
was said about the neuration in the table of genera, we need only to add that the veins 4 and 5 of the
hindwing proceed forked from the posterior angle of the discal cell.

The species form two easily discernible groups.

First Group of Species.

The proximal (subbasal) transverse line of the forewing is absent or very indistinct; the distal one is straight (A ) or
feebly curved ($), erect (A) or slanting ( 2). The submarginal dots are entirely or almost entirely united forming a bent dark
brown submarginal line parallel with the margin; this line approaches or even touches the discal line at the posterior margin.

Discal dot white with a dark ring. Hindwing above with a dark, often nebulous, rarely quite absent discal band; rarely
also with a submarginal band.

0. reducta Walk. (£ = caffra Wallgr.) (31 c). Forewing above in the basal portion dark red-brown, reducta.
in the marginal area outside of the discal line always more or less light, fawn-coloured, and with a curved
submarginal line. Hindwing above lighter than the fore wing and generally with a distinct red-brown median
band. South Africa to Mashona Land and Nyassa Land. — sublineata Walk. (A = distanti Dew. ; $ = niris sublineata.
Drc.) (31 d) is the northern form hardly different from reducta ; it is somewhat smaller, and the sub marginal
line of the forewing is somewhat less bent. Nigeria. Congo District. — pallida Auriv. is a light very small form, pallida.
Forewing above in the basal half fawn-coloured, in the marginal portion whitish; hindwing in the A whitish
fawn-coloured, in the $ white without any marking. To the north of Lake Edward.

Second Group of Species.

Porewing above with a distinctly prominent, subbasal, quite straight transverse line and a similar discal line; both
the transverse lines are vertical to the anal margin and bordered with yellowish- white. Discal dot dark brown. The submarginal
line is composed of indistinct dark brown transverse streaks which are distally sharply bordered by whitish. Palpi of $ projecting
beak-shaped.

0. rectilineata Auriv. (31 d). Both wings above dark brown; forewing above with three transverse rectilineata.
lines, hindwing with one that is sometimes indistinct. Fore wing beneath much lighter, yellowish, at the margin
broadly red-brown. Hindwing beneath red-brown with two centrally deeply angular light transverse lines.

Gaza Land and Mashona Land. A unknown.

232

BOMBYCOPSIS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

ochroleuca.

venosa.

conspersa.

metallica.

capicola.

indecora.

13. Genus: Bombycopsis (Feld.) Auriv.

This genus having been denominated but not described by Felder is allied to the genus Olyra and chiefly
only differs in the longer pedicle of the veins 9 and 10 of the fore wing and the scalariform sub marginal line of
them. Palpi beneath densely clothed with long hair, not or hardly projecting beyond the frons. Eyes at least
behind scantily clad with fine though long hair. Antennae with two rows of pinnae which are in the J in the
basal half very long and quickly get shorter outside, whereas in the $ they are short. Anterior tibiae unarmed.
Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. Distal margin in both wings entire with moderately long fringes. Distal
margin of forewing about as long as the anal margin, uniformly bent. Forewing: Veins 4 and 5 separate, 6 and 7
on a short fork, 8 from the discal cell, 9 and 10 not twice the length of then fork, 9 into the distal margin.
Hindwing : 4 and 5 on a short fork ; basal cell small without accessory veins. — Larvae somewhat depressed
with long-haired lateral appendages of the joints 1 to 3, one magnificent spot on the dorsum of each of
the joints 2 and 3, and on each side of the dorsum of the joints 4 to 10 with two tubercles. The pupa rests
in a thin soft web which is often surrounded by a leaf that is rolled together.

B. ochroleuca Feld. (31 d). $. Both wings are semi-transparent, light yellow, with darker, distinctly

prominent veins. Head and dorsum somewhat darker, light brownish-yellow. Forewing above at the base
somewhat darkened with almost straight brownish-yellow transverse lines and a similarly coloured submarginal
line; the latter is at the costal margin from vein 10 to 6 straight, behind it scalariformly dentate. Hindwing
on both sides and forewing beneath uni-coloured without markings with a bright yellow marginal line.
A unknown. Felder states that the species originates from French Guiana; this statement must, however, be
wrong. Before me is a specimen from Natal, that is exactly like the figure.

B. venosa Butl. (31 d) is similar to ochroleuca , but distinguished by the wings being more densely
scaled and for the greatest part suffused with a light brownish tint; this brownish tint occurs particularly in
the marginal portion of the fore wing above and in the middle of the under surface of both wings. Head and
dorsum of thorax as well as the basal portion of the forewing above are generally whitish or yellowish grey;
abdomen, however, yellow. Fore wing in the $ above with a white discal dot which is often indistinct in the $.

B. conspersa Auriv. (31 d), as the figure shows, differs in the darker upper surface of the forewing
being more or less speckled with grey or blackish scales. The discal dot of the fore wing is absent in both sexes,
and the proximal (subbasal) transverse line is sometimes indistinct. British East Africa to Elgon.

B. metallica Dist. (35 b). Body covered with yellowish-brown hair; the hair of the palpi, of the head
and thoracal dorsum at the apex grey. Antennae of $ long, reaching or somewhat projecting beyond the
centre of the costal margin of the forewing; the pinnae in the basal portion very long. Forewing above
almost monotonously dark greyish-brown with somewhat darker transverse lines bordered with whitish, the
first of which is straight and almost erect, the second from the costal margin to vein 6 feebly bent towards
the margin and then extending straight and oblique to the anal margin; a minute whitish discal dot; the
sub marginal line is bordered with whitish, between the veins 9 and 6 straight and vertical to the costal margin,
composed of narrow straight streaks, then scalariform as far as the anal margin. Hindwing above much lighter,
somewhat lustrous greyish-yellow. Both wings beneath reddish-brown with lighter veins and dark fringes.
Expanse of wings: 36 to 38 mm. Transvaal. Nyassa Land.

B. capicola Auriv. Head, thorax and abdomen yellowish-brown or light whitish yellowish-grey.
Forewing above as far as beyond the centre yellowish-brown with fine and very indistinct transverse lines;
the second transverse line is almost straight, marginal area still lighter with a submarginal line composed of
separate dark streaks, the light proximal border of which is not or hardly noticeable owing to the light
ground-colour. Hindwing above greyish -yellow, in the A without any marking, in the $ generally with an
indistinctly defined darker median band. Both wings beneath yellowish without markings; fringes at the ends
of the veins darkened. Expanse of wings: 36 to 46 mm. Cape Colony.

B. indecora Walk. (31 d) is a very variable species which, however, is at once discernible by
the grey ground-colour and by a small jet-black dot at the anal margin of the forewing at the apex of
vein 1. In the typical (31 d) the forewing above is almost monotonously grey as far as the margin, both
the transverse lines distinct and straight or almost straight, a small discal dot and a distinct submarginal
line which is composed of 5 separate divisions: one separate slanting streak each in la, 2 and 5, a slanting
transverse line in 3 to 4, and of transverse streaks in 6 to 9, which together form a straight line. The
hindwing is on both sides light grey or almost white with or without a lighter transverse band. The forewing
beneath is dark grey with a light discal transverse band and lighter veins. The $ is similar to the <$, but
much larger (expanse of wings: 42 to 57 mm) and generally also darker grey, particularly beneath, where
the yellowish veins are distinctly contrasting with the blackish-grey ground-colour; sometimes the wings are
more or less suffused with fawn-colour; the white discal dot of the forewing is absent. The larva is above greyish-

Publ. 24. 1. 1927.

CATALEBEDA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

brown or bluish-grey, on the sides densely clothed with long light hair, the magnificent spots are brown or

black with brown or orange-yellow borders; dorsal tubercles small black or partly orange-yellow; head dark

bluish-grey or brown, densely haired. South and West Africa at least as far as Cameroon (Bamenda). — nigro- nigrovittata.

vittata var. nov. (35 c) is a A form lying before me from the Kilima Njaro in several specimens. It differs so

much from the typical A A, that I should not have hesitated to regard it as a separate species, if there had not

been distinct transitions to the typical form. Forewing above in the marginal area as far as the discal line

and from the costal margin to the vein 3 blackish-grey; a deep black longitudinal stripe from the base of the

wing to the apex of the discal cell, where it unites with the marginal area and encloses the white discal dot;

the first transverse line is rather indistinct, the second transverse line is not straight, but in area 5 deeply bent

towards the base, so that it reaches the apex of the discal cell, and is then continued in a straight line to the

hind-margin; anal pencil long grey or blackish. Hindwing light grey, yellowish white, or almost white.

B. bipars Walk. (? — incompta Walk.). Whether this species being unknown to me differs from bipars.
indecora or not, cannot be decided from the brief description which was made according to a 9; if runs as
follows: , .Light brownish fawn-coloured. Antennae yellowish. Abdomen and hindwing dull yellowish. Forewing
with two narrow, almost straight, slanting, light yellowish transverse bands approaching each other a little
towards the hind-margin; a distal, interrupted, oblique, light yellowish zigzag-line is towards the margin bordered
with dark. Wings beneath yellowish at the base and with a yellowish median band.“ Port Natal.

Herrich- Schaeffer places his Gastro pacha protracta to bipars Walk. This identification can, however, not be correct,
and H. -Schaeffer’s species probably does not originate from South Africa, but from Asia, the Metanastria- species of which
it resembles very much.

14. Genus: Catalebecla Auriv.

A very natural genus which does not only differ in the neuration (see above p. 215) but also in the long
palpi and the quite peculiarly shaped submarginal line of the forewing from the allied Asiatic genus Metanastria
(type hyrtaca Cr., cf. Vol. X pi. 34 e) and from all the other Ethiopian Lasiocampidae. The submarginal line
consists in all the areas (1 b — 8) of a fine transverse streak which is in the centre distally very long and
sharply notched and the shape of which is best seen from the figure. In some species, however, the submarginal
line is more or less indistinct. Palpi straightly porrect, almost twice as long as the head, densely and smoothy
scaled. Eyes bare. Antennae bipectinate; pinnae of the A antenna in the basal half very much prolonged.
Anterior tibiae unarmed; hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. Tarsi with appressed scales. Forewing of A
longer and narrower than in the $ ; A with a long anal pencil; $ without anal wool. As to the neuration,
we refer to the table of genera. — The larva is beneath flattened, in front in the thoracal part often somewhat
thickened, with very long and long-haired lateral cones of the joints 1 to 3 ; the following joints are at the anterior
and posterior margins set with needles and stiff hairs, but in the middle bare or scaled, whereby often bright-
coloured broad belts are produced. The pupa rests in a parchment-like cocoon which is more or less armed
with the sharp needles of the larva.

First Group of Species.

Metadorsum above with a sharply defined white or light spot. Hindwing above dark (blackish-grey, g'rey, brown,
fawn-coloured, or at least with a broad red-brown marginal band). Large species with an expanse of 59 to 100 mm in the
d, of 83 to 110 mm in the $.

C. producta Walk. (31 e, 35 d). A- Blackish-grey or dark grey; abdomen laterally brown with a producta,
black anal pencil. Fore wing above dark grey, at the base of the hind- margin covered with red-brown hair and
with three dark nebulous bands, the first of which is about 5 mm broad, almost equally broad and more
distinct than the two distal ones ; it is almost vertical to the centre of the hind-margin. Hindwing above dark
grey with three bent nebulous bands and a blackish-grey area near the hind-margin. Beneath blackish-grey
with lighter veins and traces of the nebulous bands above. The $ is much larger and lighter coloured. On the
forewing above there are four indistinct narrower nebulous bands, and the red-brown hairing at the hind-margin
is but feebly marked; a light discal dot is more distinct than in the A> where it can hardly be discovered. The
hindwing is more scantily scaled, almost monotonously brownish-grey, the fringes apically darkened. Both
the wings beneath greyish-brown with two distinct almost straight nebulous bands and a finely speckled marginal
area. — The larva is blackish with a dark head and rather thickened thoracal joints; the first joint is very
short, almost uni-coloured black, but at the anterior margin clothed with a broad fringe of long white or yellowish
scales, surrounding the head like a collar. The joints 2 to 4 are above densely set with sharp brown, yellow,
or black needles ; on the sides above the appendages the needles are absent and replaced by light scales ; scales
are also interspersed between the needles. The joints 5 to 11 have a broad whitish belt, on each side parted
by a narrow black groove and formed of densely crowded large light scales. Cameroon.

XIV

30

strandi.

cuneilinea.

jamesoni.

discoceUu-

laris.

elegans.

234 TARA GAMA. By Dr. C. AuRivtLLltrs.

C. strandi nom. nov. (= bimaculata Strd. non Walk.) (31 e) only differs from C. produeta in the darker,
more monotonously grey upper surface of the fore wing and the lighter, more hrown hindwing. $ unknown.
German East Africa.

C. cuneilinea Walk. (= bimaculata Walk.) (31 e). This species is likewise very similar to produeta,
but considerably larger and separated both by the colouring and marking. The forewing is above lighter grey, at
the anal angle more or less whitish and nearly everywhere distinctly speckled with dark brown; the dark median
transverse band is much broader and particularly separated by being on both sides irregularly indented; in
undamaged specimens the body above shows two whitish spots, one on the metadorsum and one on the fust
joint of the abdomen. The hindwing is above brownish fawn-coloured with darker nebulous bands. Wings
beneath with two transverse bands, and at the costal margin of the forewing with a blackish ground-colour;
hindwing beneath, however, much lighter than above. — The larva is more cylindrical than that of C. produeta,
its ground-colour is black with broad white longitudinal lines of the joints 4 to 11. Head dark bluish-grey
with black dots and black hair. The first joint in the anterior half black, behind bluish-grey, between these
two colours with a transverse row of dark hairs. Joints 2 and 3 above blackish with small white spots and
numerous black and few yellow needles. The joints 4 to 10 at the costal margin and hind-margin with a transverse
row of bright orange-yellow spines which are in front more or less densely bordered by black needles. Cocoon
brown with black needles. Natal.

C. jamesoni B.-Bak. (= violascens Auriv.). Head, thoracal dorsum, chest, abdomen beneath, forewing
above, and in the $ also the apex of the abdomen very dark red-brown, partly slightly hued with a dark violet.
Abdomen above in the dark fawn-coloured, in the $ qellow almost to the apex. Fore wing above with a small
white discal dot, a rather indistinct, usually double grey postmedian transverse band and an often indistinctly
notched sub marginal line. Hindwing in the fawn-coloured yellow with dark brown fringes and a dark nebulous
band above the centre, in the $ at the base yellow, at the margin very broadly suffused with red-brown and in
the middle generally with a brown nebulous band. Wings beneath at the base yellow, distally more (forewing)
or less (hindwing) darkened by red-brown with yellowish veins and two dark transverse bands. Cocoon large,
elliptic, light grey, scantily set with black needles. Rhodesia; Mashuna Land; Nyassa Land. German East
Africa: Kigonsera.

Second Group of Species.

Metadorsum without a white spot. Hindwing above light yellowish, at the hind-margin somewhat fawn-coloured ;
its fringes partly brown. Smaller species with an expanse of 40 {$) to 60 ( $) mm.

C. discocellularis Strd. (31 e). In the the head and dorsum are greyish-brown, abdomen above
fawn-coloured with a blackish anal pencil. Forewing above almost monotonously dark fawn-coloured with
very indistinct transverse bands, a fine submarginal line and a minute white discal streak. Forewing beneath
fawn-coloured with two darker transverse bands and lighter veins. Hindwing beneath honey-coloured without
transverse lines. The $ is much larger with more distinct transverse bands, the arrangement of which is to
be seen from the figure; abdomen above yellowish,' beneath brown. Spanish Guinea. Nyassa Land. — Two
light greenish parchment-like cocoons received at the same time with the imagines from Nyassa Land probably
belong to this species.

C. elegans Auriv. (32 a) is closely allied to the species mentioned last, but it differs in the lighter colouring
and more distinct markings. Head and dorsum above grey, speckled with dark. Forewing generally with a
lighter yellow apical spot and also in the discal cell similarly brightened up ; the transverse streaks of the sub¬
marginal line are often broken up into three dark dots arranged in a triangle ; a distinct white transverse streak
at the end of the discal cell. $ unknown. South Cameroon.

15. Genus: Tarag’itiBisi Moore

This genus containing a great number of species is represented in the palearctic and Indo-Australian
as well as in the Ethiopian Region. The are smaller than the $$ and often also very much distinguished
from them by the marking and shape of the hindwing. The neuration has already been described in the
table of genera. Last palpal joint short, somewhat drooping. Eyes bare. Anterior tibiae unarmed. Hind tibiae
only with terminal spurs. The $<$ are distinguished by a long and slender abdomen with a long though thin hair-
pencil, and narrow pointed forewings. The $$ without anal wool. The marking of the forewing above is very
characteristic; it consists of a dark, sometimes indistinct dot or transverse streak at the end of the discal cell,
two light or dark transverse lines outside the discal cell and an often quite indistinct submarginal line. The
genus is accordingly distinguished by the subbasal transverse line of the forewing being entirely absent and the
two other transverse lines running behind the discal cell; in some species of the first group there occurs in the
areas 1 a to 2 a white transverse line which appears to be a subbasal transverse line, though in fact it is
the ; osterior end of the sharply curved or often interrupted first transverse line (cf. the figure of cristatum)
(32 a). Hindwing above without markings or with a light transverse band. The patagia (shoulder-covers)

TARA GAMA. By Dr. C. Aurivilltus.

235

ear always quite or partly yellow, deep brown, or blackish, and thereby distinctly separated from the collar
and thoracal dorsum which are generally grey or light brown. — As to further particulars about the genus
cf. Vol. II, p. 175, and Vol. X, p. 393.

The numerous species form four natural groups of species.

Table of the groups of species.

I. The distal transverse line of the forewing is white or whitish, rarely very indistinct or yellowish or quite
absent, invariably slanting and more or less sinuous or angular, rarely broken up in spots.

A. Bore wing above close at the base with a white or light yellowish dot formed of hairs (not to be mistaken

for sub basal light markings). The proximal light transverse line is generally at least indicated at
the costal margin or hind- margin. First group of species.

B. Fore wing without a white basal dot above. The proximal transverse line of the forewing is entirely
absent.

a. Forewing also without the distal transverse line. Second group of species.

[3. Fore wing with the distal transverse line beginning at the costal margin near the apex of the forewing
and ending in the $ only near the base of the hind-margin. Third group of species.

II. Both the transverse lines of the forewing are distinctly blackish or grey, straight or bent, but not sinuous
or notched. Forewing without the white basal dot, above at the hind-margin almost invariably with a
distinctly defined longitudinal (liindmarginal) area proceeding from the base, distally pointed, of the same
colour as the hindwing, and looking like a continuation of the costal margin of the hindwing, if the wings
are spread out. Fourth group of species.

First Group of Species.

To this group belong the species being the most closely allied with T. repandum (Vol. II, pi. 29 a). They are
distinguished by the light basal dot and the slanting, sharply sinuous transverse lines of the forewing. The proximal, often
indistinct or interrupted transverse line of the fore wing begins a little behind the centre of the costal margin, being as far
as vein 4 almost straight and vertical to the costal margin, then bending round towards the base, following the posterior
edge of the discal cell as far as vein 3, whereupon it bends round almost vertically to the hind-margin. The distal transverse
line is generally distinct and coherent as far as the posterior margin; it is almost parallel with the margin, but invariably
forms at vein 5 an angle and extends from vein 2 straight to the hind-margin. The $$ are much smaller than the $ $, with
narrower forewings and smaller hindwings.

The following four species differ from the others in the two white transverse lines of the forewing above
being thick, very sinuous and coherent or almost coherent.

T. cristatum Cr. (32 a). Head, collar, and abdomen above grey; patagia light brown, ventrum brown cristatum.
with whitish segmental margins. Forewing above red-brown. Hindwing somewhat lighter brown with a
whitish median band. Fringes of both wings whitish. Cape Colony.

T. capense Auriv. (32 a) is smaller and deviates particularly by the submarginal yellowish spots of capense.
the fore wing and the yellow spot at the anal angle of the hindwing. Cape Colony.

T. sodalium Auriv. Olive-grey; palpi and posterior half of patagia orange-yellow. Forewing above sodalium.
olive-coloured, much lighter at the margin; at the base and in the centre orange-yellow; the proximal white
transverse band is interrupted between the veins 5 and 3; the distal one is deeply sinuous. Hindwing white
with a small dark spot at the anal angle. Both the wings beneath yellowish- white with a broad dark transverse
band from the costal margin of the forewing to vein 5 of the hindwing. Expanse of wings: 48 mm. British
East Africa.

T. rangei Gaede (32 b) is very similar to T. sodalium, but it has a more monotonous and darker ground- rangei.
colour of the upper surface of both wings and an uninterrupted proximal white transverse band of the fore wing.

Southern Nama Land.

The following forms are all closely allied with T . repandum Hbn. and with each other, and sometimes difficult to
separate. They are distinguished by the white transverse lines of the forewing being always narrow and the proximal line
always interrupted in the middle, so that it consists of two distantly separated portions, one at the costal margin between
the costal margin and vein 5, and the other near the base between vein 2 and the hind-margin ; the latter line is sometimes
indistinct or absent. In order to elucidate the differences of the very closely allied species, it is necessary to regard the sexes
separately.

Table of the <$ <$.

I. Distal margin of hindwing between the veins 2 and 7 distinctly emarginated (concave), at vein 7 and at the anal angle
extended.

A. Hindwing above at the costal margin and hind-margin lighter whitish, at the distal margin narrowly speckled with
whitish-grey and with whitish fringes. T. abyssinicum.

butiti.

repandum.

carinatum.

misanum.

polydora.

obliquatum.

rufarium.

236

TARAGAMA. By Dr. C. Aurivillitts.

B. Hindwing above almost monotonously red-brown or dark greyish-brown, at the distal margin rather darker than
lighter; fringes not or but very narrowly whitish. T. concavum.

II. Distal margin of hindwing not emarginated (concave).

A. Distal margin of hindwing between the veins 2 and 7 quite or almost straight, at vein 7 and the anal angle somewhat

prominent. T. polydora.

B. Distal margin of hindwing entirely rounded off.

f. The light transverse lines of the forewing are at least partly distinct.

*. The distal light transverse line of the fore wing between the veins 8 and 10 distinctly bent, towards the
margin convex. T. repandum.

**. The distal light transverse line of the forewing between the veins 8 and 10 quite straight.

1. Hindwing above monotonously fawn-coloured or red-brown without a light transverse band, at the anal

angle at most with some whitish hairs. T. carinatum.

? T. rufarium ._

2. Hindwing above white or whitish with a broad dark marginal band and a dark marginal spot in 1 c and 2;

at the hind-margin broadly white. T. diplocyma.

ff . The proximal light transverse line of the fore wing is entirely absent and the distal one is very fine and only noticeable
between the costal-margin and vein 4; it is quite straight between the costal margin and vein 7. T. uniforme.

Table of the $

I. The light transverse lines of the forewing above at least at the costal margin distinct.

A. The distal light transverse line of the forewing is almost straight, beginning near the apex of the wing and ending at

the centre of the anal margin. The proximal transverse line is absent, or only distinct at the costal margin. Hindwing
above yellowish fawn-coloured without markings. T . butiti.

B. The distal light transverse line of the forewing is more or less sinuate and bent; the proximal line at least at the
costal margin distinct.

f. Hindwing above monotonously dark, just as dark as the forewing, uni-coloured without markings or with a light
median transverse band, rarely lighter than the forewing, grey or light grey, but in the latter case the light distal
transverse line of the fore wing is distinctly bent towards the margin between the veins 8 and 10.

*. The distal white transverse line of the forewing is at the anal margin just as thick and distinct as at the
costal margin, between the costal margin and vein 6 quite straight. Hindwing above with a fine light cross¬
band. T. misanum.

**. The distal white transverse line of the forewing is finer and more indistinct at the anal margin than at the
costal margin.

1 . The distal white transverse line of the forewing at the costal margin somewhat thickened and bent towards
the base, between the veins 8 and 10 towards the margin convex.

a. Hindwing above monotonously fawn-coloured or red-brown with or without a light median band. The
transverse lines of the forewing at the costal margin about 7 to 8 mm separated from each other.

T. carinatum.

b. Hindwing above violettish-grey or at the base whitish-grey. The transverse lines of the forewing at the

costal margin about 10 mm separated from each other. . T. repandum.

2. The distal white transverse line of the forewing at the costal margin not thickened, between the costal margin

and vein 6 quite straight. T. polydora.

tt- Hindwing above in the basal portion white or whitish. The distal light transverse line of the forewing between
the costal margin and vein 7 quite straight. Abdomen above whitish.

*. Head, collar, and mesodorsum as well as patagia red-brown.

**. Head, collar, and mesodorsum grey; only the patagia yellowish- brown or red-brown.

1. Larger, expanse of wings about 67 mm. Marginal band of hindwing above broader.

2. Smaller, expanse of wings about 50 mm. Marginal band of hindwing narrow.

II. Forewing above uni-coloured red-brown without transverse lines and only with a white basal dot.

T. butiti B.-Bak. (32 a). Uganda and Ruwenzori.

T. repandum Hbn. has been described and figured in Vol. II, p. 175, pi. 29 a. Discovered in Adamawa
by Dr. A. Schultze.

T. carinatum Wallgr. (32 a). South Africa.

T. misanum Strd. (32 a). The <$ is not known. Togo Land: Misa Hill.

T. polydora Drc. (32b). Delagoa Bay and (?) German East Africa. — obliquatum Strd. (32b) only
differs in the $ exhibiting the proximal light transverse line bent at the costal margin towards the apex of
the wing, and not turned vertical to the costal margin. Congo District.

T. rufarium B.-Bak. is unknown to me. The description is not sufficient to insert the species in the
table. Palpi above grey, beneath red-brown. Head and collar grey; thoracal dorsum reddish, patagia deep
rust-brown. Abdomen above reddish, beneath grey. Forewing above dark reddish grey with a white basal dot
and outside of them with an oblong yellowish rust-coloured spot which near its distal end is interrupted at
the cell by the basal portion of the proximal white transverse line being almost vertical to the anal margin,
and which is continued behind the cell to the costal margin. A small rust-coloured spot at the end of the
discal cell. The distal white transverse line is deeply angled between the veins 1 and 3 and then continued

T. diplocyma.

T. nyassanum.

T. concavum.
T. uniforme.

TARAGAMA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

237

angularly and undulately to the costal margin near the apex. At the costal margin between the transverse lines
and hindward as far as vein 3 the wing is dark red-brown. Hindwing uni-coloiued red-brown with light grey
fringes. — The £ is similar to the but the abdomen above is whitish-grey, and the forewing lighter and more
reddish with more distinct white transverse lines and indistinct reddish spots outside the distal transverse line.
Hindwing light reddish yellowish-grey with an indistinct whitish transverse band. Expanse of wings: J 42,
9 82 mm. North-Eastern Rhodesia. — The species is evidently larger than the other closely allied species,
but the description does not say in what way it differs from T. carinatum and poly dor a.

T. diplocyma Hmps. (32 b). Uganda and Ruwenzori.

diplocyma.

T. abyssinicum Auriv. (35 f). The $ is not known. Abyssinia.
T. concavum Strd. (32 b, c). South and East Africa.

abyssini¬

cum.

concavum.

T. nyassanum Strd. (32 c). The is unknown. On Lake Nyassa. nyassanum.

T. madibirense Wichgr. is said to be closely allied to nyassanum, but it is quite unknown to me. The madibi-
description, presumably of a runs as follows: ,, Fore wing above: two thirds from the base dull ochreous,
distally darkened by a greyer colour. In the centre of the costal margin a cross-shaped white spot. Terminated
distally by a grey and white line forming three distally convex bows the feet of which are at the veins 7, 4
and 2, there it runs feebly along the latter vein almost to its centre, from where it extends only as a white
streak vertically--to the anal margin. The distal portion of the wing is much lighter grey or yellowish brown,
and defined by white fringes. Hindwing above : dingy yellowish- white with a brownish darkening distally
and a brown spot at the anal angle, terminating in two blackish dots at the margin. Hind-margin conspicuous
with whitish hairing. Distal margin indicated, fringes lighter. Expanse of wings: 55 mm.“ German East Africa:

Madibira.

T. uniforme sp. n. (35 f). <$. Palpi reddish. Head and collar grey with intermixed darker hairs, uniformo.
Patagia red-brown, at the costal margin bordered with black. Dorsum brown with intermixed grey hairs. Ab¬
domen above light brown with intermixed whitish hairs, beneath and at the apex blackish-brown. Forewing
above dark reddish-brown, almost everywhere, but particularly at the distal margin, suffused with grey. A
small white basal dot. The areas 1 b and 5 at the base of a bright red-brown; similar though lighter and rather
indistinct spots in the marginal portion of the areas 1 b to 5. The proximal transverse line is quite absent and
the distal line is only between the costal margin and the vein 4 or 3 very feebly marked, grey ; hindwing above
light fawn-coloured at the end of vein 1 b with a dark spot. Both wings beneath reddish-brown without any
marking, at the hind-margin of the hindwing lighter. Expanse of wings: 41 mm. — In the $ both wings above
and beneath are reddish-brown without markings; forewing, however, above darker and with a white basal
dot. Palpi browm, chest greyish-brown. Head, collar, dorsum, and abdomen above grey, patagia chestnut-brown,
bordered with white. Abdomen beneath yellowish-grey. Expanse of wings: 68 mm. South Africa: Namakunde.

Second Group of Species.

This group of species comprises but one species distinguished from all the other species by the entire absence of
the two transverse lines on the forewing above.

T. dilutum Auriv. (32 c). $. Yellowish- white. Palpi and patagia ochreous-yellow. Tarsi with black dilutum.
rings. Eyes outside surrounded by yellowish -brown hairs. Antennal pectinations brownish-yellow. Fore wing
above beyond the centre very light ochreous with a black dot at the end of the discal cell, at the distal margin
broadly whitish-yellow; the border between the two colours is very irregular and terminates at the centre
of the anal margin. Hindwing and the under surface of both wings yellowish- white. unknown. Bornu.

Third Group of Species.

The species belonging to this group are distinguished both by the extreme difference of the sexes and by the very
different marking of the fore wing above in the $ $. In the $ $ the distal white line of the forewing begins at the costal
margin near the apex of the wing, then it follows undulately or somewhat notched the distal margin and anal margin almost
to the base of the wing, the band being thereby proximally bordered is narrow and darker than the ground-colour.

T. splendens Drc. (32 c). <$. Forewing above at the base of the areas 1 b and 2, and at the end of splendens.
the discal cell covered with lustrous golden scales, then brownish-grey, vein 8 as far as the white transverse
line blackish; the latter line begins near the apex of the wing, being straight as far as vein 6, where it forms an
angle, then it proceeds in a straight direction towards the base to the centre of vein 5, where it bends round
again to the anal margin which it reaches near the anal angle ; in its entire length it is broadly bordered towards
the margin by red-brown or brownish-yellow ; anal margin in the distal-marginal half long-haired. Hindwing
above brown, distally broadly darkened by blackish. — <j>. Head, dorsum, and under surface grey. Collar

238

TARA GAMA. By Dr. C. Aubivillitts.

and abdomen above brown; patagia brownish-yellow, bordered with whitish. F orewing above dark brown with a
black discal dot ; transverse line distally bordered with reddish, marginal band blackish-grey. Hindwing blackish-
grey, at the base brownish. Sierra Leone to Cameroon.

vesta. T. vesta Drc. (32 c, d). g. Separated from all the other of the genus by the colour, marking,

and shape of the hindwing. Palpi, antennae, patagia, chest, legs, and abdomen beneath black; the dorsal joints
2 to 5 are greyish- white. Head and thoracal dorsum brownish-grey. Abdomen above blackish, laterally greyish-
brown. Wings semi-transparent, soot-coloured black. Forewing with a black discal dot and some whitish dots
or streaks at the anal and distal margins. Hindwing at the base grey and at the hind- margin whitish ; its distal
margin near the anal angle with three blunt teeth. — ^ distinguished from the § of T . splendens by the lighter
ground-colour of the forewing, the white hindwings, and the whitish upper surface of the abdomen. Nigeria
to Uganda.

Whether the following species being known to me only from the description belongs to this group or to the Taragama
at all, is quite uncertain.

postalbi- T. postalbidum Schs. ,,$. Palpi and body beneath golden brown. Head and collar grey with a brown

dum. median line. Thorax with brown and grey stripes. Abdomen above whitish, laterally brownish-yellow. Forewing
reddish-brown with yellow veins; from the centre of the costal margin a very dentate grey transverse band,
on both sides bordered with black, bending round towards the apex and then turning towards the base of the
anal margin ; an undulating submarginal dark line extends from the apex of the wing to the centre of the anal
margin; next to this line a broad whitish nebulous band, in front parted by a brown line and at the anal margin
covered with brown. Hindwing white, at the margin broadly red-brown. Fringes brown with a yellow
spot at the end of each vein. — In the the abdomen above and the hindwing are red-brown. Expanse of
wings: $ 50 mm, $ 82 mm.“ Sierra Leone.

Fourth Group of Species.

The species of this group differ at once from those of the other groups in the smooth course of the almost
invariably dark transverse lines of the forewing and the peculiar anal-marginal area of the forewing. The
submarginal line of the forewing is scalariform, and the white basal dot is entirely absent. The numerous species
form two natural subordinate groups.

First subordinate g r o u p.

The distal transverse line of the forewing begins at the costal margin 5 to 1 1 mm before the apex of
the wing, it is straight or distally convex and almost reaches the centre of the anal margin.

congoense. T. congoense Auriv. (32 d, e) forms in a certain measure, a transition to the species of the first group,

as the hindmarginal area of the forewing is absent or hardly indicated, the two transverse lines are bordered
with whitish towards the base, and the proximal line is quite straight from the costal margin to vein 5. The
distal transverse line is almost straight and reaches the anal margin. The colouring and marking as well as
majus. the differences of the sexes are to be seen from the figures. Congo District: Katanga. — majus nom. nov. (32 e)
is larger and darker brown, the head and collar being violettish-grey. The $ is unknown. Nyassa Land: Mlanje.

makoma- T. makomanum Strd. (33 a), like all the following species shows a distinct anal-marginal area of

num. the forewing, distinctly contrasting with the rest of the wing by its lighter colour. The transverse lines are
whitish, the proximal line curved almost S-shaped, and the distal line almost quite straight. The submarginal
line is scalariform, and the anal-marginal area light grey. — Strand described as S' of this species an insect
that differs in deep brown patagia, the red-brown upper surface of both wings, black, distally feebly convex
transverse lines, and the anal-marginal area of the forewing being anteriorly defined by a purely white line.

confusum. It probably belongs to another species and may be denominated: confusutn nom. nov. (33 a).

scapulosum . T. scapulosum Feld. (33 a) is only known from Felder’s figure which is copied here. It approximates

the following species, but differs in the blackish basal portion of the forewing above. Natal.

cuneatum. T. cuneatuni Dist. (32 d). Hindwing above and anal-marginal area of forewing light greyish fawn-

coloured, the latter at the base sharply angled and bordered with silvery white there. Forewing above darker
($) or lighter ($) red-brown; the proximal transverse line is distally feebly convex; the distal transverse line
is almost straight or feebly bent, towards the margin bordered with light. Distal margin outside
the scalariform line somewhat darker brown. Head, collar, and dorsum violettish-grey; patagia deep red-brown.
Transvaal to Nyassa Land.

gamma. T. gamma Auriv. (32 d). Dark violettish-brown ; patagia in the centre with a large red-brown spot.

Fore wing: distal transverse line blackish, bent, distally convex; sub marginal line blackish, almost uniformly
bent and parallel to the margin. Anal-marginal area small, dark brown, at the base sharply angled, with a
thick white angular hook. Congo District.

TARAGAMA. By Dr. C. AtirivillitjS.

239

T. bakeri Riel. <$. Body red-brown excepting the darker and more deeply coloured patagia ; abdomen batceri.
beneath with whitish transverse streaks. Forewing above red-brown with fine whitish transverse lines; the
proximal line is bent distally convex, the distal one very feebly bent almost parallel with the margin. Anal-
marginal area anteriorly defined by a white line. Expanse of wings: 34 to 38 mm. 9 unknown. Senegal.

T. cervinum sp. n. The whole body together with the patagia and the under surface of the wings cervinum.
fawn-coloured brown; head and collar somewhat darker; anal pencil dark brown. Fore wing above monotonously
red-brown; transverse lines blackish, distally feebly bent convex, the distal line reaching the anal margin. Sub¬
marginal line indistinct. Anal-marginal area small, scarcely lighter than the ground-colour, at the base angular
and there indistinctly bordered with white. Hindwing above light yellowish fawn-coloured, at the hind- margin
covered with red-brown hair. Expanse of wings: 38 mm. Sierra Leone.

T. basale Walk, may belong to this group. The description says: Grey. Antennae blackish, basale.

Thorax behind on each side with a large rust-brown spot. Abdomen dull reddish-yellow. Legs yellowish.

Fore wing red-brown with a black discal dot near the base, two black transverse lines distally bordered with
white and some black dots near the margin. Hindwing fawn-coloured. Expanse of wings: about 36 mm.“

Sierra Leone.

T. fuscum Auriv. (32 d). $. Blackish-grey. Patagia with a blackish-brown longitudinal spot, fuscum.
Forewing with black, parallel, bent, distally convex transverse lines. Submarginal line scalariform, often
proximad indistinctly bordered with yellow. Anal-marginal area small dark grey, near the base angular and
there with a fine silvery border-line. Expanse of wings: 33 mm. — In the $ the forewing is more monotonously
coloured and the anal-marginal area lighter. Expanse of wings ; 50 mm. — British East Africa : Kikuyu ; Uganda ;

Elgon.

T. strandi nom. nov. (= [Pachypasa] tessmanni Strd.) (33 a). This excellent species was described strandi.
as a Pachypasa, but owing to the non-forked veins 4 and 5 of the forewing it belongs to Taragama and to the
fourth group (first subordinate group) of this genus, with the species of which it corresponds by the cpiite straight
distal transverse line beginning at the costal margin far before the apex, the scalariform submarginal line,
and the anal-marginal spot. From the other species of this subordinate group it differs in the undulate or
almost notched margin in both wings, in the black proximal transverse line of the forewing being feebly distally
bent from the costal margin to vein 2, then turning straight to the base of the wing and bending round at the
base vertically to the anal-marginal area. The anal-marginal area is angled near the base and there with a
short white transverse line exactly like in many other species of Taragama. The colouring and the rest of the
marking is shown in the figure. The A is not known. Guinea: Alen. — As a Taragama tessmanni had already
been described before, the name of this species had to be altered.

Second subordinate group.

The distal, generally dark transverse line of the forewing proceeds from the base of the wing or very
near it, being straight or somewhat bent distally concave and reaching the anal-marginal area near its distal end.

1. Species in which the anterior edge of the anal-marginal area of the forewing is uniformly bent or indistinctly
angular as far as the base of the wing, and does not show a distinct white border.

T. superbum Auriv. (32 f). Body with the patagia, hindwing and the anal-marginal area of the superbum.
forewing light fawn-coloured. Forewing above at the base as far as the middle of the costal margin and in the
areas 2 to 4 as far as beyond the transverse line yellow, then with a very large chestnut-brown area between
the costal margin, vein 5 and the transverse line. Marginal portion violettish-grey with slanting red-brown
transverse streaks in 4 to 7. The proximal transverse line is absent, the distal line is straight and posteriorly
more indistinct. <$ unknown. Cameroon.

T. graberi Dew. (32 e). $. Body above light grey, beneath greyish-brown. Patagia purely black, graberi.

Forewing above in the basal third blackish, distally gradually lighter, at the margin dark grey; the proximal
transverse line is hardly noticeable, the distal line feebly bent into the apex of the wing, outside of it there
are 3 or 4 roundish yellowish spots in 5 to 8; anal-marginal area light grey, almost reaching the anal angle. -
B (= sjostedti Auriv.) has a dark brown ground-colour on both wings above and dark red-brown patagia. The
marking is shown in the figure (36 c; type of sjostedti). Congo District: Chinchoxo; Cameroon.

T. fuligiriosum Holl. (33 b). By the kindness of Dr. Holland I received the figure of his species fuligino-
which is reproduced here. Only the B is known. Holland describes it as follows: Allied with T. livida by sum'

the shape and size, but separated by the ground-colour being above and beneath sooty black. The broad distally

widening median longitudinal stripe occurring in livida distinguishes also this species and is only separated
from the ground-colour by its deeper black colour. The transverse lines of the forewing as well as the light
submarginal dots are absent altogether. Expanse of wings: 40 mm.“ Ogowe River.

T. guineanum Strd. (33 b) is very similar to T . graberi and only differs in the darker colouring of guineanum.
the body and hindwing. In the $ the distal dark transverse line of the fore wing is only noticeable between

240

TARAGAMA. By Dr. C. AurivillicS.

distinguen-

dum.

earner uni-
cum.

directum.

livid um.

deceptrix.

aculeatum.

singulare.

the anal-marginal area and vein 7 or 8 and directed towards the costal margin, in the it is strong, quite straight,
and extends from the apex to the hind-margin. Spanish Guinea.

T. distinguendum Auriv. (= aculeatum Fawc .) (32 e) is a third species or race very closely allied with
the two preceding ones. Head, body, upper surface of hindwing, and both wings beneath brownish grey ($)
or brown (d). Patagia deep red-brown. Anal pencil of $ blackish. Forewing above darker (G) or lighter ( 0)
red-brown. Anal-marginal area of the colour of the hindwing or in the still darker; the first transverse line
distally convex, in the $ often hardly recognisable; the distal line is feebly bent, distally concave, or almost
straight, and in the it terminates into the apex and in the $ into the costal margin close before the apex. —
The larva shows a greyish-yellow ground-colour with numerous black longitudinal lines, densely haired magni¬
ficent spots on the dorsum of the joints 2 and 3, and large oblong black or black-circled dorsal spots on the
joints 4 to 11. Cocoon thin and soft, common to several specimens. The larva lives gregariously on a Me liacea,
Trichilia dregeana (Harr, and Solid.). Natal and Nyassa Land.

T. eamerunicum Auriv. (33 b). G- Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen as far as the apex monotonously
greyish-yellow; patagia with a dark red-brown spot. Forewing above greyish-yellow, at the margin as far
as the distal transverse line reddish; a deep black discal dot; the proximal transverse line is dark brown, feebly
bent, at the costal margin indistinct; the distal transverse line is blackish, bent, from the apex to vein 2; from
the base of the wing along the posterior edge of the discal cell a dark brown longitudinal stripe which
unites with the transverse lines and terminates at the distal line; anal-marginal area very long, reaching the
anal angle, not angular at the base, anteriorly bordered by the brown longitudinal ray. Hindwing above at
the costal margin and hind-margin yellowish, in the centre brownish. Wings beneath red-brown with lighter
veins. ^ unknown. Cameroon.

The three following species are unknown to me and cannot be determinated for certain according* to the descriptions.

T. directum Mob. ,, Forewing chocolate-brown , lighter at the margin ; fringes black with a light marginal
line. A black line distally bordered with violettish-grey extends from the costal margin near the apex and reaches
the anal margin, whereupon it bends round towards the base and forms an angle near the base. The space
between this line and the anal margin is very light yellowish-brown, like the costal margin. Marginal area with
a series of short blackish slanting transverse streaks. Almost from the centre of the costal margin a blackish
line bordered with grey extends to the centre of the anal-marginal area. The base of the wing is of a brighter
red-brown colour. Hindwing light yellowish, covered with red-brown, particularly at the margins. Body and
under surface of both wings brownish-yellow. Patagia deep red-brown. “ Gabun.

T. lividum Holl. <$. Body slate-coloured grey or mouse-coloured, at the apex of the abdomen blackish.
Patagia black, surrounded by grey. The costal margin and anal margin of the forewing above are broadly light
mouse-coloured. From the centre of the base of the wing a black shadow proceeds, widening distally, extending
from the apex to the anal angle and being darkest at the base of the wing. It is traversed by a dark black line
extending from the apex of the cell to the anal margin. A similar line runs from the apex of the wing to the
anal margin. Outside this line the dark colour is interrupted by 5 or 6 small submarginal whitish spots, of which
those next to the apex are the most distinct. Hindwing above dark mouse-coloured, at the costal margin and
hind-margin lighter. Expanse of wings: 38 mm. Talaguga.

T. deceptrix Kenr. (33 b). Head, legs, palpi, thorax, and abdomen dark chestnut-brown. Antennal
shaft black, pinnae reddish. Forewing of a reddish chestnut-brown ground-colour, lighter along the costal
margin and anal-margin, where the anal-marginal area is lighter haired, as if the costal margin of the hindwing
would continue there; forewing before the anal-marginal spot of a bright chestnut-brown colour, at the cell-
end with a yellowish lunar spot; an indistinct dark antemedian transverse line and a scalariform submarginal
line. Hindwing brown with a dark transverse band. Expanse of wings: 46 mm. Madagascar. — It evidently
belongs to the fourth group of species of the genus Taragama. but as the distal transverse line is not mentioned
nor figured, the position within this group is uncertain.

2. Species in which the anterior edge of the anal-marginal area of the forewing is near the base sharply broken,
almost in a right angle, and distinctly bordered with white.

T. aculeatum Walk. (33 b). G- Body violettish-grey with red-brown patagia. Anal pencil reddish
or fawn-coloured. Forewing fawn-coloured, close at the base red-brown ; discal dot black ; the proximal transverse
line is indistinct; the distal line blackish, distally very finely bordered with whitish, bent distally concave,
terminating into the costal margin close before the apex of the wing; scalariform line distinct; anal-marginal
area anteriorly defined by deep brown, its basal angle distally defined by a silvery white streak. Hindwing
above fawn-coloured, at the anal angle somewhat darkened. Wings beneath fawn-coloured; hindwing in the
basal half lighter yellowish. The $ is not described and unknown to me. Natal.

T. singulare Auriv. (32 f) is recognisable by the grey ground-colour of the body and of the wings
above, the blackish-brown longitudinal ray of the forewing, the basal angle of the anal-marginal area being
defined by silvery white, and the semi-transparent grey proximal division of the marginal area (between the

Publ. 24. III. 1927.

PACHYPASA. By Dr. C. Aurivillitts.

241

distal transverse line and the scalariform line). Anal pencil not darkened; a thick black transverse streak below
at the base of it. $ unknown. Cameroon.

T. tessmanni Strd. (33 a) is closely allied with the preceding species, but as the figure shows it is tessmanni.
distinguished by the different shape of the blackish-brown area and of the marginal band of the forewing.

Gabun.

I append here a few species which are only known from descriptions or figures and the systematic position of which
is uncertain.

Taragama bimaculatum Walk, is a large Lasiocampida described and figured by A. C’onte, which is unknown to bimacula-
me,‘hut makes the impression of a species of Metanastria from Asia. Walker’s species is a Catalebeda and has no resemblance turn.

whatever to Conte’s species. Conte states that his species originates from South Africa, which statement is probably wrong.

Certainly the species does not belong to Taragama.

T. cupreum Dist. ( = mirabilis Dist.- £). Body and legs light red-brown. Abdomen above somewhat lighter. Antennae cupreum.
black with ochreous pectinations. Wings above monotonously light red- brown, in the centre with two indistinct darker transverse
bands. Wings beneath unicoloured, somewhat lighter than above. Expanse of wings : 60 mm. Transvaal.

T. inicha Drc. ,, $. Head, thorax, patagia, and legs reddish fawn-coloured. Antennae black. Forewing light greyish micha.
fawn-coloured, at the base somewhat reddish, at the apex speckled with black scales. Hindwing reddish fawn-coloured, at
the margin with black and grey spots. “ Expanse of wings: 46 mm. „Caffraria“.

T. inirabile Dist. <$. ,,Head and collar fawn-coloured. Abdomen above yellowish, posteriorly fawn-coloured, at mirabile.
the apex chestnut- brown. Abdomen beneath and legs light chestnut-brown, ventrum in the centre fawn-coloured. Tarsi curled
yellow. Antennae brownish-yellow. Forewing light brownish, near the centre with two narrow, feebly undulate dark trans¬
verse bands, between the latter and the base the colour is more reddish- yellow. Hindwing light ochreous, at the apex lighter.

Wings beneath lighter than above. Forewing coated with ochreous and without a transverse band; hindwing at the costal
margin brownish. Expanse of wings: 56 mm.“ Transvaal.

T. olivaceum Kenr. (35 f). ..Head, palpi and legs smoky olive-coloured. Antennal shaft black, olivaceum.
pectinations orange-yellow. Thorax olive-grey. Forewing olive -grey strewn with lighter glossy scales; a darker
angular, rather indistinct, antemedian oblicpie line; a white dot at the cell-end and a fine dark transverse
line from the costal-margin near the apex of the wing to the centre of the hind- margin. Hindwing dark grey
with a feebly prominent dark transverse line. Fringes of hindwings bordered with white. Under surface
monotonously smoky with a transverse nebulous line.“ Expanse of wings : 46 mm. Madagascar. — The marking
of the forewing shows that the species is no real Taragama.

T. pulchristriatum B.-Bak. <$. Head reddish; the hairs at the tips light ochreous and grey. Antennae pulchri-
light tan-coloured. Thorax dark red-brown ; prothorax in the centre light grey. Abdomen red-brown. Forewing striatum.
at the base and anal angle yellowish, otherwise reddish red-brown with yellowish veins; from the apex of the
wing as far as the centre of the posterior margin a broad curved band composed of three stripes which
are separated by red-brown lines, the two exterior stripes are reddish and the middle stripe yellowish; the band
is distally bordered with yellowish; distal margin red-brown. Hindwing monotonously red-brown. “ Expanse
of wings: 52 mm. — It evidently differs much from all the other species of Taragama.

T. puncfiferum Biel is a Gastroplakaeis (vid. p. 274). punctiferum.

T. concolor Walk. On this small species a new genus Nadiasa was established by Walker in 1855. concolor.

In my opinion, however, the species is the $ of a species of Taragama, which to the best of my knowledge
has not been found again later on, and not at all the same species as ,,Eriog aster “ punctifascia Walk. The brief
description runs as follows. ,,<$. Whitish, palpi and antennae yellowish. Thorax on each side yellowish. Chest
and legs rust-coloured. Wings reddish fawn-coloured. Hindwing beneath at the costal margin whitish. Expanse
of wings about 38 mm. South Africa. “ — If concolor proves to be a genuine Taragama, Nadiasa must be used
as the older name instead of Taragama (1859).

16. Genus: I'achypasa Walk.

Pachypasa differs from Taragama in the veins 4 and 5 of the forewing being forked and the basal area
of the hindwing being somewhat larger and closed by a slanting though very short cross-vein. If one does not
examine the neuration of the forewing, the genera may easily be confounded, and several species were in fact
described as species of Taragama. Still more remarkable is the fact that Kirby ranged the genera in different
famili s ( !). Palpi short, not or hardly projecting beyond the frons, below densely haired. Eyes bare. Antennae
of (J with long, of $ with very short pectinations. Anterior tibiae unarmed. Hind tibiae only with terminal
spurs. Vein 8 of forewing from the pedicle of 6 and 7, 9 and 10 longer than then’ pedicle, 9 into the distal margin.
Veins 4 and 5 of the hindwing forked, 8 long, into the apex of the wing.

XIV

31

sub fascia.

imitans.

rectilineata.

24 2 PACHYPASA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

The marking of the forewing is generally more abundant than in the species of Taragama. but it consists
of the same elements, i. e. two transverse lines extending behind the apex of the short discal cell, and a
submarginal line which is sometimes indistinct, coherent, not scalariform; the transverse lines, however, are
often composed of 2 to 4 separate lines being sometimes differently coloured. The discal dot at the end of the
discal cell is absent in all the species known to me except the $ of P. marshalli. In all the species the underside
of the head, the palpi, chest, and ventrum are much darker than the upperside of the head and the dorsum,
varying from dark red-brown to blackish -brown. — The larva has large magnificent spots on the dorsum of
the joints 2 and 3, short bristles on the dorsum, a denser group of bristles on the dorsum of the 11th segment,
and long bright-coloured hairs on the sides of the body and the lateral tubercles. The pupa rests in a frequently
thin silky web.

Of many species unfortunately only one sex is known, for which reason the relationship of these species is uncertain.
In several species, however, where both the sexes are known, they agree so exactly with each other that their homogeneous¬
ness cannot be doubted; in other species the <$<$ differ so much from the $$ in their size, shape of the wings, colouring,
and marking, that their homogeneousness could not be presumed, if it had not been ascertained by breeding. For the
species exhibiting very long and narrow forewings in the Weymbe established (1892) a new genus ( Pachyna ). But as the
2 $ hardly differ from the 2$ of the genuine Pachypasa, I can regard the forms of Pachyna as a group of species at most.

Table of groups of species.

A. r£. Fore wing long, narrow and pointed; its distal margin much longer than the anal margin; transverse
lines very slanting, parallel with the margin, even or almost even, not notched, feebly undulate at most,
rarely in the <$ notched. Hindwing short, often only half the length of the forewing and small; its distal
margin dentate or at least in the middle (at the end of the veins 3 and 4) more prominent, rarely uniformly
rounded off, in which case, however, the hindwing is almost oviform with an entirely straight costal margin.

- $. The distal transverse line of the forewing is almost straight, very slanting, single and distally bordered
with light, or double filled with light. Distal margin of forewing behind the apex somewhat emarginated
or quite straight. In one species the distal transverse line of the forewing is indistinct, but it is provided
with a large black discal dot. First group of species (= Pachyna Weyrner ; Andraphisia Kirby).

B. A- Forewing shorter and broader; its distal margin not or but little longer than its anal margin; transverse

lines notched or undulate, rarely almost even, but then not very slanting. Hindwing of the usual shape
and with a uniformly rounded distal margin; the latter is entire or undulately margined, not angular. -
$. The distal transverse line of the forewing is generally curved, notched, or undulate, rarely straight, but
then slightly slanting. Second group of species.

First Group of Species.

The differences between this group and the following are still somewhat uncertain, because of many species only
one sex is known.

P. subfascia Walk, (q = lomia Drc., trapezina Weym. ; ? = nasmythi Ehrm.) (33 c). q. Forewing
very long and pointed, at the distal margin at the ends of the veins dentate ; above brownish-yellow, the proxi¬
mal transverse line double, very indistinct; the distal one consists of three dark, almost even lines beginning
at the costal margin near the apex, extending parallel with the distal margin and with each other, and
ending at the hind-margin between the middle and the anal angle; the submarginal line is blackish, extending
close in front of the margin and being distinctly thickened in the areas 1 b, 2, 4, and 5. Hindwing almost qua¬
drangular, at the costal margin straight and entire, between the apex and vein 2 also straight, but at the ends
of the veins finely dentate, at vein 2 long-dentate, and then almost straightly cut off as far as the anal angle;
they are on both sides dark brown with a blackish sub marginal band. Forewing beneath yellowish-brown with
two thick straight black submarginal bands. The much larger $ has a brownish-yellow ground-colour and a
distinctly prominent single or indistinctly double distal transverse band of the forewing, being almost straight
and extending from the costal margin to the anal margin near the base. Hindwing above before the distal
margin with a very broad blackish transverse band. Thoracal dorsum with a dark longitudinal line. The larva
lives on various trees such as Persea gratissima, Poinciana regia, and Eucalyptus; it has not been described
accurately, but it seems to correspond closely with the other exactly described larvae of this genus. Ashanti
to the Congo District.

P. imitans Auriv. (33 d). A- Very similar to the <$ of subfascia, but much darker and somewhat larger.
The fore wing at the costal margin, in the discal cell and in the basal portions of the areas 7 to 11 almost black
with lighter veins; the other marking is to be seen from the figure. Hindwing above blackish; its distal margin
forms a distinct angle at vein 2. $ unknown. Cameroon.

P. rectilineata Auriv. A unknown. As the $ (40 b) resembles the $ of P. subfascia in the marking,

I place it here. From P. subfascia it differs in the fawn-coloured ground-colour of both wings, in the shorter

PACHYPASA. By Dr. C. Aubivillius.

243

and broader forewing the transverse line of which almost terminates into the apex of the wing and in the uni¬
coloured hindwing. — The pupa rests in a tenacious and dense though thin web. Cameroon and Congo District.

P. rohdei Auriv. (33 d). Also of this magnificent species only the $ is known. The distal band of rohdei.
the forewing is still more slanting than in the abovementioned species, beginning near the apex of the costal
margin and ending at the base of the anal margin. Cameroon and Northern Congo District.

P. mesoleuca Strd. (32 f). <$ unknown. The $ chiefly differs from the $ of P. subfascia (33 c) in the mesoleuca.
dark red-brown ground-colour of the forewing and the marginal band of the hindwing, as well as in the basal
portion of the hindwing being dingy white, and the middle segments of the abdomen being above white.

South Cameroon to the Kassai River in the Congo District.

P. marshalli Auriv. (35 e; 40 b). If the only couple of this species being known hitherto had not been marsh alii.
captured in copula, nobody would believe them to be homogeneous. In the <$, which otherwise corresponds
with the two $<$ described above, the hindwing is uniformly rounded off. The $ recalls that of P. mesoleuca
(32 f), but it has a blackish-grey ground-colour of the forewing with a black discal dot and entirely lacks the
dark oblique band. Mashona Land.

P. lineata Auriv. (— choerocampoides Holl.) (33 d). The $ is easily recognisable by the figure. The lineata.

9 is unknown. Pupa dark brown, on the thorax with short orange-yellow hair-pencils, and on the abdomen
scantily clothed with yellowish bristles. Cameroon and Gabun.

P. tligrescens Auriv. (33 d). <$. Blackish-brown or smoky black. Upperside of head and of thorax dark nigrescens.
red-brown. Antennae yellowish-brown ; apex of palpi narrow yellowish. Forewing above dark red-brown with
four feebly bent or almost straight blackish transverse lines extending from the costal margin near the apex
of the wing to the centre of the anal margin; the middle ones of these transverse lines almost form one line
sharply separated from the two others by the ground-colour exhibiting here a slight violet reflection. Fore wing
beneath blackish, at the anal margin lighter. Hindwing on both sides almost black. Congo District.

P. meloui Riel. The (length of forewing 23 mm) has the same shape of the wings as the J of P. meloui.
lineata (33 d), but it is particularly distinguished by the two double transverse lines of the forewing being almost
entirely broken up into black dots, situate on the veins; the lines themselves are sharply broken in a zigzag
shape, forming an angle on each vein and in the centre of each area, though often so finely and indistinctly
that they are hardly to be seen; particularly the proximal transverse line is only noticeable by the dots being
arranged in two rows. Thorax reddish-grey a little mixed with violet. Abdomen above yellowish. Forewing
with the same ground-colour as the thorax; the proximal double line is very indistinct, apparently only composed
of two irregular rows of dots, beginning a little behind the centre of the costal margin and terminating at the centre
of the anal margin ; the distal double line is almost parallel with the proximal line and proceeds from the costal
margin near the apex of the wing; the submarginal line is dark, irregularly broken, the space between it and
the distal margin is darker than the ground-colour ; the base of the wing shows a few small and fine longitudinal
streaks parallel with the veins. Hindwing at the distal margin rounded off, above monotonously reddish-yellow,
with a darker marginal band. Wings beneath darker fawn-coloured; the distal transverse band of the forewing
is blackish and straight, and the submarginal line dark brown, only interrupted by the lighter veins; hindwing
at the costal margin narrowly darkened. — The $ is much larger (length of a fore wing 42 mm), fawn-coloured;
the proximal transverse band is slightly bent, towards the base bordered with light, the distal one is straight,
distally broadly bordered with light, and extends from the costal margin near the apex of the wing to the
hind-margin at the end of vein 1 ; marginal portion darkened, but the submarginal line indistinct. Senegal.

- punctulata Auriv. is only known in the male, but it seems only to differ from P. meloui in the absence of the punctulata.
dark marginal band of the forewing and is therefore probably only an eastern race of it. A similar specimen
is also before me from the Boko District of the Congo District. Kilima-Njaro.

Second Group of Species.

This group comprises the species being most closely allied with P. capensis L. The characteristica have already been
mentioned above (p. 242).

P. capensis L. (= pithyocampa Cr., ? aluco F.) (33 c). Head and thorax above light grey or brownish- capensis.
grey; collar and dorsum sometimes with a brown longitudinal line. Abdomen above fawn-coloured, brownish-
grey or yellowish. The whole under surface is darker, red-brown. Fore wing above very variable; its ground¬
colour is fawn-coloured grey, at the base and distal margin usually lighter; transverse lines double, filled with
whitish, in the £ notched, in the $ undulate, slantingly extending from the costal margin to the anal margin
and bordering on a broad median band being widened at the costal margin and generally darkened in the $;
submarginal line irregular, formed of brown spots, in the areas 3 and 4 curved towards the margin, narrow
or almost interrupted. Hindwing above fawn-coloured or brown; almost invariably with a pale greyish marginal
band. Wings beneath brown, at the distal margin more or less lighter. — The beautiful larva is beneath black

244

PACHYPASA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

bifascia.

obscura.

pliocea.

sericeofas-

ciata.

albofascia-

ta.

morosa.

niloiica.

fulgurata.

jamiesoni.

with two broad orange-yellow longitudinal lines, above white with a broad, orange-edged longitudinal band
widening somewhat in the centre of each joint; the sides are clothed with long brownish-yellow hair ; the magnifi¬
cent spots are relatively small, surrounded by brownish-yellow hair; dorsal band with black bristles and with
a tuft of black bristles on the 11th joint; head with a light median line. Cape Colony and Natal.

P. bifascia Walk, is unknown to me, but probably allied with P. capensis or only a form of it. The
insufficient description runs as follows: Fawn-coloured, head and thorax grey; the former in front fawn-

coloured. Forewing near the anal margin with a brown basal streak and with two very slanting, scarcely undu¬
lating whitish transverse bands; the first band near the costal margin almost rectangular; the second band at
the costal margin on both sides widened and towards the base accompanied by a brown band; distal margin
and the whole hindwing fawn-coloured. “ Expanse of wings: 55 mm. South Africa.

P. obscura Walk. (= ferruginea Feld.) (33 d) differs from P. capensis in the dark brown or blackish-
brown ground-colour of the thorax and forewing. The marginal portion is generally more greyish than in the
figure, and the hindwing often shows a greyish marginal band as in capensis. $ unknown to me. — The larva
differs from that of capensis in the upper surface and the sides showing a pure light grey ground-colour and
light red lateral hair; the dorsal band is white, broadly bordered with orange-yellow. Natal.

P. phoeea Drc. is likewise closely allied with capensis , if I have not mistaken the description.
Forewing red-brown, at the apex and distal margin the darkest; a broad, dark brown band, which is centrally
narrower, traverses the wing from the costal margin behind the middle almost to the middle of the anal margin;
on each side of this band the wing is densely speckled with white scales; fringes red-brown. Hindwing monoton¬
ously yellowish fawn-coloured. Both wings beneath reddish fawn-coloured, speckled with a few grey scales.
Head and thorax above coloured like the forewing; abdomen yellowish, at the apex red-brown. The whole
under surface dark red-brown; tarsi curled white. Expanse of wings: 108 mm.“ It may be the $ of P. obscura ?
Delagoa Bay.

P. sericeofasciata Auriv. (33 e). d1 unknown. The differences between the $ and that of P. capensis
are shown in the figures. Sometimes the median band of the fore wing is very narrow or even interrupted in
the areas 2 to 4. Natal and Congo District: Boko District.

P. albofasciata Auriv. (33 f) is also a form closely allied with the preceding species. The $ is easily
recognisable from the figure; the d is much smaller (length of forewing 23 mm) and darker coloured. Head,
thorax, and forewing above dark chestnut-brown ; thorax with a few fine grey lines in the centre and the patagia
laterally grey-haired; the white transverse lines of the fore wing are very distinct. Cape Colony.

The three following species are distinguished from the others by the fringes of both "wings, or at least of the
forewing, being spotted light yellowish at the ends of the veins. In the $ the distal transverse line extends close at the
distal margin and is distally convex. The $5 at least of the two first species have white hindwings with a very broad dark
marginal band.

P. morosa Walk. (= Richelmanni Weym., sopliax Drc.) (33 f). Both sexes are figured, for which
reason it is unnecessary to describe the rather confused marking of the forewing. The colour of the dorsum
and forewing varies in the d between fawn-colour and blackish-brown. Delagoa Bay to Kilima-Njaro.

P. nilotica Auriv. d- Size and shape of wings exactly as in morosa -d, but body and forewing almost
black; abdomen on the basal sides dark brown; fore wing at the distal margin somewhat lighter dark grey;
its marking is hardly visible or only at the distal margin which is undulating with small yellowish spots at
the ends of the veins. Hindwing above blackish -grey, at the hincl-margin and base brownish, and with an
indistinct brownish postmedian transverse band; distal margin undulating; fringes blackish with a lighter
basal line. Sudan.

P, fulgurata Auriv. (35 c). d- Body dark red-brown, above on the head and thorax mixed with grey.
Forewing above as far as the proximal transverse line light yellowish, behind it fawn-coloured or brown; both
the transverse lines are double, dark brown or blackish and very deeply notched; the proximal line at the costal
margin bent round far towards the base; but the distal line is parallel with the distal margin and terminates
quite near the apex of the wing. Hindwing above dark brown, at the distal margin gradually changing into
blackish. Both wings beneath dark brown, at the distal margin blackish with yellowish veins. — In the $
the whole under surface, the head, collar, and patagia are dark red-brown, the dorsum otherwise lighter brown
and the abdomen above greyish with brown hair. Forewing above brown and marked as in the d> but with
much thicker and more obtusely dentate transverse lines. Hindwing whitish, at the costal margin as far as vein
6 and at the distal margin broadly violettish-brown ; the marginal band is tapering posteriorly and ends in
a point at vein 1 b. Expanse of wings about 85 mm. Ashanti to Kassai in the southern Kongo District.

P. jamiesoni B.-Bak. is known to me only from the description. As Bethune-Baker compares his
species with fulgurata , I place it here. ,,d- Head and thorax dark rusty brown; antennae lighter; abdomen
also lighter rusty brown. Forewing dark rusty brown, the veins at the base and in the middle lighter; a very
broad yellowish-brown postmedian band extends in a uniform bow almost from the apex to the centre of the

PACHYPASA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

245

anal margin and is on each side accompanied by a fine double serrate dark line; this line is distally again
accompanied by a rather broad- dark serrate line; outside the band a narrow light fawn-coloured stripe extends,
being uniformly bent. The distal margin is in its anterior half yellowish-brown and posteriorly ash-grey. Hind¬
wing yellowish rust-brown, distally darker, with traces of a light transverse line. Expanse of wings: 33 mm.“

Rhodesia.

P. trilineata Auriv. (33 f). A- Body dark red-brown. Head, collar, and patagia greyish -brown. Wings irilineaia.
above red-brown; forewing behind the middle with 3 or 4 black, sharply dentate transverse lines running close
at each other, and a thick submarginal line; between the latter and the most distal transverse line the ground¬
colour is reddish. Wings beneath dark brown with lighter veins and traces of a dark transverse line. Anal pencil
very long. $ unknown. Uganda.

P. auriflua Auriv. (33 f). The A is distinguished by the almost erect, parallel, but distinctly notched auriflua.
or undulating black transverse lines on the forewing above. Head and thorax above grey ; metathorax brownish.

Abdomen above golden yellow with a blackish anal pencil. Eorewing above from the base to or almost to the
distal transverse line dark red-brown, then as far as the distal margin grey or brownish-grey with a coherent
dark, often indistinct submarginal line, at the base of the anal margin with yellow hairs. Hindwing above
quite yellow or at the distal margin more or less darkened. The whole underside of the body and the palpi
dark brown. Expanse of wings: 47 to 60 mm. $ unknown. — The pupa rests in a thin and soft web. Eggs
whitish with numerous unequally large dark brown spots. Sierra Leone; Congo District: Mukinbungu and
Kingoyi; Transvaal (A. F. Cooke).

P. bilinea Walk. (= ondulosa Conte) (34 a). unknown. A. Conte, without stating any reasons, has guinea.
described the $, which I determined and figured as bilinea Walk., as a species ,,Taragama“ ondulosa (sic!)
being different from bilinea, and besides supplied bad copies of my figures of the $ and of the larva, and at
the same time figured another species as bilinea Walk., which does not correspond with Walker’s description.

In my opinion the $ figured here by me according to a specimen from Adamawa is the true bilinea of Walker
or a race of it at most. Two presumably typical specimens from Sierra Leone only differ in the forewing
above being in the basal portion more speckled with grey and the dark transverse lines broadly bordered with
whitish. The boundary between the yellowish basal colour ano. the brownish marginal band in the hindwing
is more distinct. The abdomen is yellowish in the specimens from Sierra Leone and only at the apex brown.

ondulata Conte. If the Adamawa-form is to be regarded as a special race, it must be denoted with this ondulaia.
wrongly formed name. — The magnificent gigantic larva is described by its discoverer Arnold Schultze,
as follows: ,,The larva is brownish-grey without any gloss and finely longitudinally marbled in dark; the stigmata
are white. The dorsum is rather densely set with short sting-like hairs which are lustrous steel-blue on the
three first joints and red-brown on the others. The stings are particularly densely arranged around the hair-
pads on the segments 3 and 4, that can be turned out and are not visible, when the larva is at rest. These
hair-pads are orange with a velvety red gloss. On the first and last joints as well as laterally below the
stigmata the larva is densely long-haired like a fringe. These hair are brownish-grey, whereas the tuft of hair
in the centre of each joint is of a beautiful violet colour. “ It lives on Bauhinia reticulata and Anona senegalensis.

Adamawa.

P. honrathi Dew. was described and figured from a £. (34 a). Frons and upperside of thorax whitish- lionrathi.
grey; metathorax densely clothed with red-brown hair. Thorax beneath brown; abdomen beneath ochreous.

Forewing above greyish-brown, in the centre crossed by a broad dark brown band which is on both sides accom¬
panied by an undulating and dentate dark brown line. The band is in its whole length from the costal margin
to the hind-margin accompanied by two parallel rows of blackish sagittiform spots, the proximal ones of which
are turned distally and the distal ones proximad, and which are often connected on the veins by fine black
lines. Outside of this dark band there is a lighter band, proximally dentate, distally irregularly angled and
dentate. Hindwing reddish-brown, at the costal margin and base yellowish. Expanse of wings: 50 to 70 mm.

— The $ is distinguished by the dark median band of the thoracal dorsum, the four curved broad whitish trans¬
verse bands of the forewing, and the yellowish abdomen. Cameroon to Congo.

P. cornuta Strd. (34 a). Only the $ is known. The colouring and marking above ist best seen from cornuta.
the figure. The underside of the body is dark reddish-brown. Both wings beneath reddish-brown, at the base
yellowish, and at the costal margin powdered with dark. Uelleburg.

P. wellmanni Weym. (34 a). ,,Head and anterior dorsum dark olive-brown, densely haired, the wellmanni.
posterior part of the dorsum, the abdomen, the underside of the body, and the densely haired legs are brownish-
grey. Ground-colour of forewing brownish-grey, the anterior half of the basal and median areas dark greyish-
brown, thus much darker than in the §. The blackish-brown longitudinal spot at the base shows therefore less
distinct contours, but it is indicated by the velvety scales. Behind it, behind the first third of the length of
the wing, there is a short blackish-brown transverse streak and on the distal side of it a yellowish grey spot

246

BRAURA. By Dr. C. Attrivillius.

in cell 5. It is followed by a dark brown, light-centred, ring-like spot in the same cell in the distal angle of
the dark median area, from which spot a fine brown line runs back obliquely to the centre of the costal
margin. The veins 4 to 6 are in the centre of the wing coloured dark brown. The anal margin is covered with
dark brown hair. Distal margin in both wings undulating. “ — ,,$■ Head, dorsum and abdomen brownish
yellowish -grey, beneath almost quite brown. Collar and patagia dark brown. Fore wing brownish yellowish-
grey, in the distal half od the wing rather densely covered with scattered dark brown scales. At the base of
the costal margin there is a blackish-brown longitudinal spot, 18 mm long and 5 to 6 mm broad, posteriorly
extending to the median vein, but anteriorly obliquely cut off, so that its length at the costal margin is only
about 13 mm. Through the centre of the wing a faded brown transverse stripe, very much bent distally. 5 to
6 mm distant from the distal margin there begins at the costal margin a notched stripe composed of scattered
whitish grains of dust, which is bent far towards the base in the cells 5 and 2, but far bent towards the
distal margin in the cells 4 and 3, and which terminates at the anal margin near the anal angle. The
portion of the discal area touching this stripe on its inner side is in its whole extent coloured darker brown,
particularly prominent is the darker colouring in the cells 3 and 4 in the angle made distally by the mentioned
whitish dusty band, but then also in the cells 6 and 7. The anal margin is in its whole extent densely covered
with mixed light and dark brown hairs. The veins are brownish oclrreous in the distal half of the wing; the
fringes of the same colour. Hindwing in the basal half uni-coloured brownish yellowish-grey. In the centre
of the costal margin there is the oblique beginning of a brown double stripe which, however, only reaches to
vein 6. In the marginal half there is like in the fore wing a notched band composed of single white scales, on
its proximal side broadly edged with brown. Fringes yellowish-brown. Expanse of wings: 110 mm.“ Benguella.

I append here a species described as Lasiocampa, which however is said to be allied with Pachypasa otus, and another
species mentioned as Metanastria.

plngiogram- P. plagiogramma Mob. <$. Forewing narrow, at the distal margin very oblique and rounded off,

m<x. brownish-grey, with a postmedian transverse band which is somewhat darker than the ground-colour and
crossed by the thick black veins; this band begins at the costal margin near the apex of the wing, bending
round before the anal angle and being continued almost parallel with the anal margin as far as the base of the
wing. The marginal portion is grey and parted by a dentate blackish submarginal line which is bordered
with whitish. Fringes blackish with light rusty red spots. Hindwing on both sides monotonously reddish-
yellow. Forewing beneath in the centre blackish. Head, collar, and patagia grey, body otherwise above blackish
with a large black hair-pad on the metadorsum. Body beneath blackish-brown. The $ is larger with broader
wings and a transverse band being finely edged with grey. Madagascar.

denticula. P. dettticula B.-Bak. ,)(J. Palpi rusty brown. Head and thorax light fawn-coloured grey. Abdomen

yellowish-brown, beneath greyish. Forewing reddish-grey with a double median, slanting, irregular transverse
line of black dentate streaks which are sometimes broken up into black dots; the proximal line is dull grey;
a similar double, serrate-dentate postmedian transverse line is only on its proximal line broken up into black
dots. Hindwing straw-coloured, reddish behind the centre, and at the distal margin greyish. Expanse of wings:
66 mm.“ North-Eastern Rhodesia. It is doubtful whether it is allied with P. meloui and punctulata.

Note: P. concolor Rothsch,, from the Sahara, probably does not occur within the Ethiopian Region.

17. Genus: ISraura Walk.

Sometimes united with Taragama, but separated by the forked veins 4 and 5 of the forewing and the
different fundamental marking of the forewing, whereby the genus corresponds with many species of Pachypasa,
and only differs in the very short discal cell of the forewing and the somewhat larger basal cell of the hindwing,
which is often closed by a longer cross- vein. The forewing is in both sexes narrow and elongate.

truncata. B. tnincata Walk. (= ligniclusa Walk., picturata Griinb.) (34b <$). The $ is much larger (70 to

85 mm) than the d and differs in the forewing showing at the costal margin as far as the proximal transverse
line a broad fawn-coloured or brownish-yellow longitudinal area which is broader in the basal half and then
suddenly grows narrower and is posteriorly bordered by the veins 6 and 7. Hindwing above whitish-yellowish
with a narrow brown marginal band and dark fringes which are spotted yellowish at the ends of the veins. Head
and collar grey or light brown, in both sexes always lighter than the thoracal dorsum. Hindwing of the $
occidentalis. varying from whitish to dark brown. South Africa. - occidental^ Strd. The $ differs in the lighter colouring,
the hindwing being white, only at the distal margin very narrowly and in the terminal half of the costal-
marginal area powdered, with brownish, but with yellowish-white veins. Forewing with a brownish-grey
ground-colour; the longitudinal area in the costal half, which is lighter in the typical form, is here almost only
recognisable by its bordering and it touches the costal margin almost as far as the end of the area, without
any trace being present of the black longitudinal stripe occurring in the type; the veins in the marginal area

RHINOBOMBYX; LEIPOXALS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

24 7

light yellowish. Thorax in front only little lighter than in the middle, in front with a darker longitudinal stripe.
Expanse of wings: 77 mm. unknown. Spanish Guinea.

18. Gattiing: JfcliinobomUyx Auriv.

Eyes hairy. Palpi long, porrect, pointed like a beak. Wings in the $ almost entire, in the $ distinctly
undulating. Eorewing of short and broad, with an obtuse or rectangular apex and a strongly curved distal
margin, in the $ much longer, tapering, and with a feebly curved distal margin. The costal margin of the
hindwing in the middle with a deep rounded indentation. The peculiarities of the neuration have been mentioned
above in the table of genera (p. 215).

Rh. cuneata Auriv. (= ziczac Strd.) (34 b). Abdomen and wings grey, in the much darker than cuneata.
in the $; costal margin of hindwing, basal portion and distal margin of forewing darker coloured. Eorewing
above with a small black discal dot being centred white in the d, and three fine black transverse lines, the
two proximal ones of which are indistinct or may be absent in the whilst the third is very long and sharply
dentate and always distinct. Damara Land, Matabele Land, Transvaal, German East Africa.

19. Gattung: T^cigioxais Holl.

Leipoxais is closely allied with Rhinobombyx, but easily discernible by the neuration and the costal
margin of the hindwing. It corresponds, however, so closely with the palearctic genus Odonestis (type: pruni L.)
that I should feel inclined to combine the two genera. Nevertheless it is advisable to postpone such a com¬
bination, until the stages of development of the African species have been discovered.

The ($3 are much smaller than the their forewings are shorter and broader, with a straight erect
distal margin and an obtuse or rectangular apex. In the $$ the forewing, however, is longer with a distinct,
often falciform apex and a slanting, straight or concave distal margin. Antennal pectinations in the only
moderately long, in the $ shorter and more ecpially long. Eyes hairy. The marking of the forewing above
consists of two usually double transverse lines, the first of which is subbasal and extends within the apex of
the cell, whilst the second crosses the centre of the wing, both being rather erect; almost midway between the
distal transverse line and the distal margin extends the irregularly curved submarginal line being often broken
up into spots. The hindwing is of a variable shape, whereby the species can be distinguished. Another remark¬
able fact is that vein 11 of the forewing soon joins, vein 12 to which it is closely adjoined, in nearly all the
species I was able to examine.

In order to facilitate the determination, I divide the species into three groups.

Table of the groups of species.

A. Costal margin of hindwing between the base and the apex of vein 8 quite straight or somewhat concave.

*. The costal margin of the hindwing forms at the apex of vein 8 a distinct though obtuse angle, and
the distal margin is between the veins 6 and 8 quite straight or even somewhat emarginated.

First group of species.

**. The costal margin of the forewing is at the apex of vein 8 entirely rounded off and is continued into
the curved, distal margin without any boundary. Hindwing more elongate.

Second group of species.

B. Costal margin of hindwing in the middle very deeply emarginated. Third group of species.

First Group of Species.

L. peraffinis Holl. (34 b, 35 d). Body and wings red-brown; forewing generally at the distal peraffinis.

margin broadly grey; hindwing with a broad blackish-brown marginal band or almost quite blackish. Forewing
with blackish transverse lines; the subbasal line curved, distally convex; the discal line double, its proximal
line distinctly undulating or angular, the distal line indistinct, brown; the submarginal line formed of black
spots, irregularly curved; a white dot at the end of the discal cell. Forewing beneath almost as above;
the subbasal and discal transverse line, however, are absent or indistinct. Hindwing beneath grey or greyish-
brown, at the hind-margin often whitish, with two dark transverse markings, a proximal red-brown band
being in the centre often interrupted, and a submarginal line formed of black separate spots. — The $
is much larger (expanse of wings about 56 mm) and shows above a red-brown ground-colour; the marking of
the forewing only differs in the white discal spot being strigiform, the distal portion of the discal band broad,
brown and distinct, and the submarginal spots distally bordered with whitish-grey. Cameroon to Gabun. —

248

LEIPOXAIS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

einerascens.

regularis.

fuscofascia-

ta.

rufobrun¬

nea.

strandi.

sicci folia.

margine-

punctala.

humfreyi.

major.

dives.

einerascens Strd. only differs in its smaller size (45 to 50 mm) and the greyish ground-colour of the Cameroon
to Mukinbungu in the Congo District. Tessmann describes the larva, as follows: ,.The larva is of the type
of Bonibyx neustria, brown, with whitish and reddish and grey streaks, trunk-coloured, on the dorsum more
ashy-greyish, on the sides of the 4th, 5th, and penultimate rings deeper brownish, below it more intensely
whitish. Hairing uniformly feeble, on the dorsum somewhat stronger hairs on each side, particularly on the
penultimate ring above; on the head two longer hair-tufts on each side, being blackish, at the tips whitish.
The larva is common in the plantations on cocoa and other bushes, in the primeval forest on various shrubs
(pepper etc.); it feeds on various plants. Pupa in a soft whitish web.“

L. regularis Strd. (34 c). §. Similar to the $ of L. per af finis, but separated by the quite straight
and even (not dentate) discal line. $ unknown. South Cameroon.

L. fuscofasciata Auriv. (34 b). <$. Head and thorax light greyish-yellow ; abdomen whitish . Forewing
yellowish, at the distal margin very broad, about 6 mm, violettish-grey with a white, black-ringed discal dot
and the usual black transverse lines. Hindwing above whitish, with a broad dark brown transverse band close
in front of the distal margin. $ unknown. Banana on the Congo River.

L. rufobrunnea Strd. (= punctulata Holl.) (34 c). The A of Strand’s species being figured here
so exactly corresponds with the <$ of punctulata Holl. that their identity cannot be doubted. As the $ of rufo¬
brunnea Holland’s L. punctulata $ is to be regarded. Both sexes are thus distinguished by the dark dots and
streaks on the fore wing being accompanied by white spots, whereby the species is at once discernible from
L. peraf finis. Cameroon, Gabun, Congo District. — The form regarded by Strand as rufobrunnea -$ must,
however, be a different species.

L. strandi sp. n. (= rufobrunnea Strd. $) (34c). $. Easily to be recognised from the figure. A

unknown. South Cameroon, Gabun.

L. siccifolia Auriv. (40 b) <$. Yellowish -brown ; palpi dark brown. Wings above yellowish-brown,
with the usual transverse markings and the discal dot of a dark brown colour. Hindwing above yellowish-
brown, at the costal margin as far as vein 5 red-brown. Forewing beneath light yellow, at the margins narrowly
brownish. Hindwing beneath yellowish-brown with the normal markings being faded and broken up into spots.
$ unknown. Cameroon.

L. marginepunctata Holl. ($ = puncticosta Strd.) (34 b, c) is a very different and sharply defined
species with grey different sexes. <$. Head, collar and thorax light fawn-coloured; abdomen, chest, and legs
still lighter, wings light fawn-coloured with a slight grey hue. Forewing above with a silvery lunar spot at
the end of the discal cell, whitish transverse lines being narrowly edged with dark, and a submarginal row
of angular blackish spots; this row is distally curved in the areas 2 and 3 and continued on the hindwing.
Expanse of wings: 35 to 37 mm. — The much larger ^ being at first sight quite different shows, as is to be seen
from the figure, almost exactly the same marking. Abdomen above almost white. Sierra Leone to Congo.

L. humfreyi Auriv. Unfortunately I cannot affirm with certainty, whether this species belongs to the
first group of species. Fawn-coloured; abdomen above and the wings beneath at the base and anal margin

lighter. Forewing above with d.ouble and indistinct subbasal and discal transverse lines; the subbasal lines
are curved, the discal ones undulating, but not dentate; a small black dot at the cell-end; a submarginal row
of black spots in 1 b to 8 is inwardly bent in the areas 4 and 5. Hindwing above without markings. Wings
beneath with two indistinct undulating brown discal lines and a submarginal row of black spots, at the apex
and distal margin strewn with grey scales. Expanse of wings: 42 mm.“ — ,,$. Larger and lighter than the
the submarginal spots are larger and also distinct on the hindwing above. Expanse of wings: 60 mm.“
Gold Coast and Nigeria. The species is allied with marginepunctata, but separated by the black discal dot of
the forewing.

Second Group of Species.

In the species belonging to this group the straight costal margin of the hindwing gradually passes over at vein 8,
without forming an angle or a distinct boundary, into the straight or uniformly bent distal margin.

L. major Holl. (34 c). The figures published here were most kindly communicated to me by Dr. W. J.
Holland; they make it unnecessary to describe the species at large. The sexes were captured in copula. It is
noteworthy that the large white discal dot of the A forewing is absent in the $. Ogowe.

L. dives Auriv. (40 c). A- Body yellowish grey; palpi dark grey. Forewing above greyish-yellow,
at the distal margin broadly grey; transverse lines blackish, double, sharply angular or dentate, the proximal
discal line composed of distally open bows, both being angular at vein 8; discal dot black centred with
grey; the submarginal line is composed of separate dark sj>ots. Hindwing above reddish-brown, darker than

Pull. 24. III. 1927.

LEIPOXAIS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

249

the fore wing, at the costal margin blackish -brown. Both wings above and beneath with a fine black marginal
line which is interrupted by yellowish at the ends of the veins. Forewing beneath almost coloured as above,
but without distinct markings. Hindwing beneath greyish, at the hind-margin light yellow with the usual
indistinctly defined brown or grey transverse markings. Expanse of wings: 40 mm. — The $ is much larger
(68 mm) and more monotonously yellowisli-brown; the transverse lines of the forewing are single or almost
single and only feebly undulate ; the submarginal spots are united into a notched line being distally broadly
bordered with yellow. Hindwing above with two distinct brown bands. Under surface darker than in the <$,
yellowish-brown. South Nigeria.

L. proboscidea Guer. (34 d) is only known to me from Guerin’s figure which is copied here. Senegal, proboscidea.
— proboscifera Strd. is a doubtful form, distinguished from the figure of the type by the posterior half of the probosci-
discal transverse line of the forewing being provided with a strong double tooth directed towards the distal
margin. If proboscifera belongs to Guerin’s species, it must be ranged with the first grouq> of species. South
Cameroon.

L. haematidea Snell. (34 d). <$. Both wings above brown, hindwing darker than the forewing. The haemalidea.
latter at the distal margin somewhat lighter; its transverse lines fine, black, single; the discal line strongly
angled towards the margin at vein 7 ; the submarginal line is composed of transverse streaks ; a small black
discal dot. Hindwing above without markings. Both wings above and beneath with a fine black marginal
line which is interrupted at the veins. $ unknown. At the mouth of the Congo.

L. makoniofia Strd. (34 d). <$. In the original description Strand made a mistake in writing ($ instead makomona.
of S'). Both wings with a fine black marginal line being interrupted at the veins. The marking above is to be
seen in the figure. Beneath the fore wing is only in the marginal area as dark as above, and there with traces
of a light transverse stripe proximally bordered with a darker shade. Hindwing beneath in the ground as
above, with a dark irroration being most irregularly arranged and forming indistinct nebulous figures, and
with an interrupted dark transverse streak at the end of the basal area ; the costal margin is blackened, the
hindmarginal area somewhat lighter. Gabun.

L. obscura Auriv. (34 d). <$. Forewing with a sharj) apex and an almost straight distal margin, obscura.
somewhat like the forewing of a Head and collar brown; chest and ventrum yellowish; palpi and antennae
blackish -brown. The colouring and marking of the wings are to be seen from the figure. The fore wing beneath
is distinguished by the broad yellowish transverse band from the anal margin to vein 6. $ unknown. Gabun.

Third Group of Species.

This group is distinguished by the deep, rounded indentation in the centre of the costal margin of the hindwing;
the costal margin thereby recalls that in Rhinobomby x. The only species known hitherto also differs in the distal margin
of the forewing being obtusely dentate at the veins 7 and 9.

. L. emarginata Auriv. (34 d). Yellowish fawn-coloured. Abdomen above in the basal portion emarginata.

blackish. The transverse lines of the forewing are blackish, almost straight and smooth (not undulate); submar¬
ginal line serpentine and undulating; distal margin between the apex and vein 3 blackish-brown. Hindwing
with two dark transverse lines. $ unknown. Transvaal.

Appendix. As nothing is said about the shape and the costal margin of the hindwing in the descriptions of
the three following species which are unknown to me, I can only quote them here by way of appendix.

L. ituria B.-Bak. <$. Thorax light ochreous; abdomen light reddish-brown. Forewing light ochreous ituria.
grey with an irregular reddish subbasal transverse line and a discal dot ; the discal (postmedian) reddish transverse
line is oblique, dentate and irregular, distally accompanied by a reddish darkening of the ground-colour. The
sub marginal line is very irregularly bent and serrate-dentate, almost broken at vein 3. Distal margin suffused
with a light reddish colour. Hindwing unicoloured red-brown with a very fine dark marginal line. Expanse
of wings: 46 mm. Congo District: Mawamba.

L. crenulata B.-Bak. <$. Head and thorax yellowish-brown; abdomen yellowish-grey. Forewing crenulata.
yellowish-brown with a light spot at the centre of the costal margin; The first dark transverse line in the cell
distally angular; the second dark transverse line notched with two angles distally. Submarginal line notched
with light spots; the area between these two transverse lines ochreous. Hindwing in the basal portion yellowish
white, in the marginal third red-brown. Expanse of wings: 35 mm. Angola: N’Dalla Tando.

L. directa Walk. $ ferrugous-brown, coated with greyish. Palpi beak-shaped, very much projecting, directa.
Antennae feebly pectinated. Legs strong, hairy. Abdomen projecting beyond the hindwing. Wings broad,
moderately long. Forewing at the apex slightly rounded, with three slanting transverse lines; the first and
second blackish, the second straight, more distinct than the first; the third brownish, extending near the distal
margin, in front and behind shortened. A black discal dot between the first and second lines. Distal margin
hardly curved, moderately slanting. Hindwing more reddish than the forewing, with an undulating blackish
transverse line. Expanse of wings about 50 mm. Sierra Leone.

XIV

32

250

CERATOPAC'HA. By Dr. C. Aitrivillius.

20. Genus: Ceratopacha Auriv.

Palpi short, not projecting beyond the frons. Frons armed with a coniform thorn. Eyes bare, circularly
surrounded by stiff black hairs. Pectinations of antennae only slightly shorter in the $ than in the <§. Legs
as far as the claws clothed with long hair. Wings broad, rounded with entire fringes. Forewing: vein 8 from
the apex of the discal cell, 9 into the distal margin. Hindwing: veins 4 and 5 forked, 8 in one place united
with vein 7. Both wings or at least fore wing with a black dot at the apex of the discal cell. Marking and
colouring in all the species homogeneous. The whole body beneath white, abdomen above yellow, often with
black rings or black lateral spots. Wings at least beneath with a white ground-colour; all the transverse
lines on the forewing above white, often edged with dark. Hinclwing beneath with a black-haired costal-
marginal spot. Both wings at the distal margin between the ends of the veins generally with dark dots which
are not extended on the fringes or only for a short distance. — Larvae, as far as they are known, on each
side of the first joint with a long, slantingly projecting hair-pencil, with long though scanty lateral hairs,
small decorative pads on the dorsum of the 2nd and 3rd joints, and with two erect hair-pencils on each of the
segments (4) 5 to 11. The pupa rests in a thick and hard web showing a vertical slit-shaped opening at
the anterior end.

First Group of Species.

The proximal white border of the distal discal transverse line of the forewing is straight and smooth or almost smooth
between vein 9 and the anal margin. The distal white border of the submarginal line consists between the costal margin and
vein 3 of three straight or almost straight and smooth divisions which form acute angles with each other; the first extends
from the costal margin to vein 9, where it almost reaches the distal margin, the second from vein 9 slantingly inward to
vein 6, and the third from there slantingly towards the distal margin and often a little bent to vein 3; then follow two spots
towards the base in 2 and 1 b.

salammbo. C. salammbo Vuillot (35 e) is similar to the following species, but easily discernible by the forewing

above and the hindwing above at the costal margin from the base to beyond the centre being light yellow
or bright ochreous, the subbasal white transverse line of the fore wing being more slanting, but cpiite straight
and smooth, and by the absence of the discal dot on the hindwing above. Expanse of wings: 40 to 48 mm.

- The larva exhibits a black ground-colour with grey irroration at the segmental margins, and a whitish,
black-spotted head. Lateral hairs whitish mixed with few black ones; pencil of first joint black. Each of the
segments 5 to 1 1 on the dorsum at the anterior edge on the light reddish ground with whitish hair, then with
two black hair-pensils, and behind the centre with two jet-black narrow transverse spots encircled with red.
According to E. L. Clark who kindly communicated the larva to me, it lives on the Lhngaan tree. Delagoa
Bay; Natal.

koellikeri. C. koellikeri Dew. (34 d; too variegated and greyish). Ground-colour of forewing above as far as

the discal line jaale yellowish; subbasal line undulating (not smooth). Hindwing above at the costal margin
white and grey, not yellow, or only behind the discal line slightly huecl with yellowish, but with a black discal
dot. Congo District: Chinchoxa, Kingoye, Mukinbungu.

gemmata. C. gemmata Dist. (35 e) is very similar to koellikeri, but it shows a light grey or brownish-grey ground¬

colour on the fore wing above, a very much unchdating subbasal line of the fore wing and more distinct marginal
dots on both wings. Abdomen above yellow with a whitish apex, in the <$ with black, sometimes confluent
rings, in the $ often with large dark lateral spots. Transvaal. Mashona Land.

Second Group of Species.

The species of this group exhibit a quite differently shaped submarginal line which has no straight divisions, but
forms somewhat irregular bows. The difference is particularly distinct between the costal margin and vein 6, the submarginal
line being almost equably bent with the distal margin and the apex of the wing. Moreover, both the transverse lines are
sharply undulating or notched. By these marks this group forms a fine transition to the species of the following genus.

magna. C. magna Auriv. (34 e). The markings of this beautiful species are excellently reproduced in the figure.

Sierra Leone.

minor. C. minor Gaede (40 a) is most similar to G . magna, but smaller, and at the base of the forewing

darker. Forewing beneath at the apex almost pure white. Abdomen above yellow without dark segmental
margins. Expanse of wings: 40 mm. Cameroon and Togo.

decora. C. decora Fawc. (34 c) differs from the two other species of this group particularly in the hindwing

above being darkened yellowish-grey at the base as far as the apex of the discal cell, and exhibiting in the
centre a complete, curved, yellowish-red transverse band. $ unknown. British East Africa : Kedai.

SCHAUSINNA; TRICHOPISTHIA; CYMATOPACHA; MIMOPACHA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 251

21. Genus: Scltausmiia Auriv.

Closely allied with the genus Ceratopacha and only distinguished by the following marks. Eyes not
surrounded by black bristles. Tarsi not hairy. Costal margin of hindwing emarginated or in the $ sometimes
almost straight. Vein 8 of forewing from the fork of 6 and 7. Submarginal line of forewing serpentine almost
as in the species of the second group of the genus C eratopacha , in the areas 4 and 5 deeply incurved towards
the base and generally distinctly continued on the hindwing as far as the anal angle. The rest of the marking
is rather similar in all the species and most easily seen from the figures.

Sch. clementsi Schaus (34 e). The distal transverse line of the forewing is irregularly bent and feebly clementsi.
notched, towards the margin at least in the areas 2 to 7 accompanied by unequally large deep brown spots.

Fringes of both wings grey, at the veins whitish, without black spots. Sierra Leone to Congo.

Sch. affinis Auriv. differs in the distal light transverse line of the forewing being quite smooth and affinis.
feebly bent between the anal margin and vein 7, and distally bordered by equally large blackish-brown spots;
the distal side of these spots thereby forms an almost straight line. Hindwing above whitish, at the distal
margin broad grey without a submarginal line. $ unknown to me. Kilima Njaro. Cocoon very thick and solid,
shaped as in the genus Ceratopacha. — signata Strcl. (34 f as affinis). Both wings above with a distinct whitish signata.
submarginal band. Abyssinia.

Sch. regia Griinb. (34 c) is distinguished from the two other species by the fringes of both wings showing regia.
at least beneath distinct black spots at the distal margin. These spots are situate between the ends of the veins
and by far do not reach the base of the fringe. The band between the centre of the wing and the sub marginal
line above purely ashy-grey ($) or light grey (d); marginal band somewhat darker, brownish-grey. Damara

Land.

22. Genus: Trfcltopisthia Auriv.

It only differs from the two last genera in the marks stated in the table of the genera. But one very
plainly marked species is known. Sexes similar and with almost equally long pectinations of the antennae.

T. monteiroi Drc. (= pallida Faivc.) (34 f). The whole insect above and beneath light whitish yellow monleiroi.
with somewhat darker veins. Forewing above with a small yellowish-brown discal dot and similarly coloured,
quite plain, smooth and almost straight transverse lines which are convergent towards the anal margin; no
traces of a submarginal line. Hindwing above with a shortened median line which is beneath longer, darker,
and much more distinct, beneath besides with black discal dots. — The adult larva is black and clothed with
yellow hah’. Head yellow with five black spots arranged entirely as in the larva of Ceratopacha salammbo. First
joint above on each side with a yellow spot, the second and third joints without a decorative spot, above marbled
with fine yellow lines; each of the joints 4 to 10 above with two pairs of small brown-haired transverse spots
surrounded with yellow. Cocoon ellipsoid, densely clothed with the yellow hair of the larva. It lives on an
Anacardiacea, Sclerocarya caffra, called ,,Wild Mango*1. Natal, Matabele Land, Delagoa Bay.

23. Genus: Cyniatopaclia Auriv.

To the marks quoted above we may add yet: palpi broad, eyes bare, head and thorax long-haired.

Basal cell of hindwing with accessory veins. Distal margin in both wings undulating (more distinctly than in
the figure).

C. obscura Auriv. (34 f). $. Grey; head, thorax, and basal half of forewing blackish-grey; marginal obscura.
half of forewing, and the hindwing irrorated with dark grey. Subbasal line of forewing indistinct; discal line
blackish, distally sharply notched. Submarginal line irregular, in the area 3 removed distally. Expanse of
wings: 81 mm. $ unknown. South Rhodesia: Buluwayo.

24. Genus: Mimopaclia gen.nov.

This distinctly defined genus was formerly united with Gastropacha, but differs rather considerably
from this genus in important marks. Eyes bare. Palpi short, though projecting beyond the frons; last joint
knob-shaped. Antennal pectinations in the <$ in the basal half long, then quickly getting shorter; in the £

252

OCINAROPSIS; ODONTOGAMA. By Dr. C. Aurivillitts.

much shorter and equally long almost to the apex. Femora and tibiae hairy; tarsi with appressed scales. Margin
of both wings at the ends of the veins dentate or notched. Hindwing at the end of the discal cell with a hyaline
spot. Costal margin of hindwing in the centre deeply emarginated. Forewing: veins 4 and 5 separate, 8 from
the apex of the discal cell or from the pedicle of 6 and 7, 9 and 10 shorter than their pedicle, 9 into the distal
margin. Hindwing: veins 4 and 5 separate or forked from the anal angle, 8 touches 7 in one place; basal
cell small and narrow with basal accessory veins. Type: ,,Gastropachail’ knoblauchi Deiv.

knoblauchi. M. knoblauchi Dew. (35 a). Red-brown; discal area of forewing and basal portion of hindwing darker

brown; marginal area in the <$ lighter, greyish-brown. Discal spot of forewing yellowish without white dots;
the subbasal transverse line is almost smooth and erect; the discal line is slanting, almost parallel with the
distal margin, feebly undulating; the submarginal line of the forewing is coherent, in the areas 4 and 5 deeply
bent towards the base. Hindwing at the end of vein 6 with a long sharp apex, above with two transverse
lines; the hyaline spot rounded off. — The larva is, according to Tessmann, 8 to 10 cm long, with reddish hair
exhibiting laterally on the rings a slight silvery reflection, the hair being extremely long, silky fox-coloured.
Head dark fox-coloured. On the head two shorter tufts. Pupa fastened on trunks and branches. Cocoon tenacions.
Cameroon to Congo.

tripundata. M. tripunctata Auriv. (35 a) is much smaller and darker than knoblauchi. Dark greyish-brown,

median area of fore wing a little deeper brown, bordered by two notched dark lines, the proximal one of which
is transverse, the distal one very slanting; at the end of the discal cell a brownish-yellow spot decorated with
three white dots. Hindwing at the end of the discal cell with a rounded hyaline spot and close behind the
latter with a dark, notched and strongly curved transverse line being distally bordered with light; this
transverse line is beneath more distinct than above. Hindwing at the end of vein 7 as well as of vein 6 with
a long tooth. $ unknown. Nigeria.

gerstaeckeri. M. gerstaeckeri Dew. (34 f). Body and wings with a pure ashy-grey ground-colour; discal area of

forewing above quite or for the greatest part rust-coloured brown or at least with such a discal spot ; this spot
often shows in the $ three white dots. Transverse lines notched or the subbasal one only undulating; the
submarginal line is represented by separate dark spots and often interrupted by the absence of the spots in
the areas 4 and 5. Hindwing only at the end of vein 6 with a long tooth. — Cocoon large, oblong,
posteriorly pointed and scantily clothed with black stings. The larvae live in colonies; then' hairs are highly
developed burning hairs. Nigeria to Congo.

cinerascens. M. cinerascens Holl. is closely allied with M. gerstaeckeri in its size and the shape of its wings, but

it has monotonously ashy-grey wings without the brown discal area of the forewing. The pupa is relatively
long, black, smooth, and without a cremaster. Expanse of wings: q 65, £ 95 mm.

bnjki. M. bryki sp. n. (40 c). Similar to the of M . gerstaeckeri, but smaller, much darker, blackish-

grey, and particularly distinguished by the upper surface of the forewing, the marginal portion of the hindwing,
and partly also the thoracal dorsum being strewn with yellow scales (which are very distinct under the lens).
Fore wing with a hyaline spot at the end of the cell, with dentate transverse lines being filled or bordered with
yellow, and a very indistinct submarginal line composed of black spots. Abdomen above black and blackish-
grey with yellowish hairs. Expanse of wings: 50 mm. Elgon; captured by F. Bryk.

25. Genus: Ocinaropsis Auriv.

Palpi stout, projecting beyond the frons; last joint short, pointed. Antennae in both sexes with almost
equally long pectinations which are much longer in the basal portion. Tarsi with appressed scales; anterior
tibiae unarmed; posterior tibiae without spurs. Fore wing narrow; its distal margin at vein 5 feebly angular;
veins 4 and 5 rise separately, 8 from the pedicle of 6 and 7, 9 and 10 much shorter than their pedicle, 9 into
the distal margin. Hindwing: costal margin long, almost quite straight; apex rounded; distal margin as far as
vein 2 almost straight, at this vein with a short apex and somewhat angular; veins 4 and 5 rise from the same
place or very shortly forked.

obscura. 0. obscura Auriv. (35 b). Dark blackish-grey ($) or blackish-brown (<^). Thorax and forewing in the

$ hued with reddish. Forewing above with a tiny white discal dot and with a double submarginal row of
indistinct black and yellowish dots. Hindwing lighter grey, in the anal region blackish. Expanse of wings : 27 to
33 mm. Natal (discovered by G. F. Leigh).

26. Genus : Ocloiltogailia Auriv.

Neuration quite the same as in the genus Taragama and only distinguished by the obtusely dentate
or angular distal margin in both wings. Distal margin of forewing between the veins 2 and 5 emarginated, and
angular at these veins ; distal margin of hindwing at the anal angle and at the end of the veins 2 and 3 obtusely
lobate or dentate.

ODONTOPACHA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

0. nigricans Auriv. (35 a). <$. Blackish; forewing above with two strongly curved and slanting nigricans.
transverse lines. Hindwing blackish, before the margin with traces of two dark transverse lines. Wings beneath
sooty black. Expanse of wings: 42 mm. The $ is larger (66 to 70 mm), somewhat lighter, the transverse lines
of the forewing more broadly separated. Patagia black. Thorax dark grey. Gold Coast and in the Sesse Islands
in L. Victoria Nyanza.

27. Genus : Otl on to pacha Auriv.

Palpi long, porrect, projecting far beyond the frons; last joint horizontal. Eyes hairy. Tarsi at least
at the base hairy. Distal margin of forewing behind the sharp apex emarginated, and at the end of vein 5 or 4
angular, hindwing uniformly rounded. Forewing: veins 4 and 5 rise separately from the posterior angle, 8 from
the long pedicle of 6 and 7, 9 and 10 as long as, or longer than their pedicle, 9 into the costal margin. Hindwing
with an almost straight costal margin, vein 3 from the posterior angle of the cell or from the long pedicle of
the veins 4 and 5. Basal cell small. In the very closely allied East-Indian genus Bharetta Moore (cf.

Vol. X, p. 401, pi. 35 c) the distal margin of the forewing is angular at vein 6, and the accessory vein of the
basal cell of the hindwing is much longer.

0. fenestrata Auriv. (35 c). Body and bases of both wings light fawn-coloured. Wings otherwise fenestrata.
with a greyish ground-colour. Eorewing at the costal margin near the apex with a red-brown spot; its transverse
lines are single, almost smooth, at the anal margin curved towards the base; submarginal line whitish, near
the apex with small hyaline spots. Hindwing with two dark transverse bands. East Africa: Lindi.

0. kilwana Strd. (40 a) has almost the same shape of the wings as fenestrata, but as the figure shows, kilwana.
cpiite a different marking, the transverse lines of the forewing being upright and almost straight, and the sub¬
marginal line being absent. Hindwing only with a dark transverse band which is still more distinct beneath.

East Africa: Kilwa. Rhodesia.

7. Subordinate Family: Gonometinae.

This subordinate family is distinguished by the size and formation of the basal cell of the hindwing.
It is just as broad as, or broader than the discal cell and as long as, or longer than the anterior margin of
the discal cell (from the base to the anterior angle), but not always projecting so far as the posterior angle
of the discal cell. It is always formed by the veins 7 and 8 being united by an almost invariably long and
slanting cross-vein. If we do not consider this mark, it is cpiite impossible to determine correctly the genus
of a Lasiocampid. The formation is also very easily visible, if one scales off a little the base of the hindwing
beneath or moistens it with toluol or xylol, whereby the clothing becomes sufficiently transparent so as to be
able to observe distinctly the veins.

The neuration is otherwise so different in the genera that they have only two marks in common : veins
4 and 5 of fore wing are never forked, and the discal cell is in both wings closed.

The Gonometinae are better represented in the Ethiopian Region than in the other regions, since no
less than 26 genera with about 128 species occur there. From the palearctic region the genera Anadiasa , Cosrno-
triche, Dipluriella, and Selenepliera are known, and from the Indo-Australian only Cosmotriche and Lenodora.
The genera are partly very closely allied with each other, so that it is difficult so separate them distinctly.
The following table is therefore only to be regarded as a provisional one.

Table of Genera.

I. The distal margin of the forewing forms a distinct angle at the end of vein 5. Vein 9 of forewing into the
apex or costal margin.

*. Vein 8 of forewing from the discal cell. The pedicle of the veins 9 and 10 is much shorter than the
veins. — <$. Distal margin of hindwing rounded. 1. Gonobombyx.

**. Vein 8 of fore wing from the pedicle of 6 and 7. The pedicle of the veins 9 and 10 of the fore wing is
not or hardly shorter than the veins. — Distal margin of hind wing deeply emarginated.

2. Gonopacha.

II. Distal margin of forewing uniformly curved, entire or feebly undulating, rarely somewhat irregularly curved,
but not angular at vein 5.

A. Palpi short, not or little projecting beyond the frons, rarely somewhat longer, but at most twice as
long as the head.

a. Anal margin of forewing only moderately hairy without long scale-hairs.

254

GONOMETINAE. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

*. The basal lobe and the basal cell of the hindwing are abnormally large, the former, if the wings
are expanded, almost reaching the costal margin of the forewing, the latter often being larger
than the discal cell with a strongly curved anterior margin. Eyes hairy.

7. Pseudometa.

**. The basal lobe and the basal cell of the hindwing are of a normal size,
f. Vein 9 of fore wing terminates into the distal margin.

/V. Erons with a longitudinal ridge which is more or less raised in the centre. Basal cell
of hindwing with an accessory vein. 3. Gonometa .

/V/V. Erons not armed. Basal cell of hindwing without an accessory vein *).

1. Eyes bare. Forewing without transverse lines. 5. Grammodora.

2. Eyes hairy. Forewing with transverse lines. 6. Anadiasa.

ff. Vein 9 of of forewing terminates into the apex or costal margin.

o. Fore wing short with a rounded apex; its anal margin is as long as, or longer than the
distal margin.

§. Veins 6 and 7 of fore wing rise separately from the apex of the dical cell. Eyes
hairy. 8. Dipluriella.

§§. Veins 6 and 7 of fore wings forked.

1. Basal cell of hindwing with an accessory vein. Eyes hairy.

a. Basal cell of hindwing with a long terminal vein. Forewdng narrow.

9. Anchiritra.

b. Basal cell of hindwing with a short terminal vein. Forewing broad.

12. Ochanella.

2. Basal cell of hindwing without accessory veins.

a. Eyes hairy. 10. Pseudolyra.

b. Eyes bare or only partly very finely hairy. 11. Lerodes.

oo. Forewing elongate with a distinct apex.

— . Basal cell of hindwing closed by a short cross-vein, but with a distinct accessory
vein. Eyes hairy. 13. Napta.

- . The terminal vein of the basal cell of the hindwirig is of the usual length.

§. Vein 8 of fore wing from the pedicle of 6 and 7, rarely from 7.

1. Basal cell of hindwing without accessory veins.

a. The pedicle of the veins 9 and 10 of the forewing is much longer than

the veins themselves. 4. Hypotrabala.

b. The pedicle of the veins 9 and 10 of the fore wing is shorter than the

veins themselves. 20. Pachymetana.

2. Basal cell of hindwing with 1 to 3 distinct accessory veins,
a. Basal cell of hindwing with but one accessory vein.

17. Henometa.

b. Basal cell of hindwing at least with two accessory veins.

14. Libethra. .

15. Borocera.

16. Gastromega.

§§. Vein 8 of forewing rises separately from the discal cell. Veins 9 and 10 of
fore wing generally as long as, or longer than their pedicle.

1. Basal cell of hindwing with a strong accessory vein. Eyes bare.

18. Pachymeta.

2. Basal cell of hindwing without accessory veins.

a. Eyes bare.

a'. Forewing feebly undulating. Abdomen with light transverse bands.
— ^ Antennae at the base only serrate-dentate.

19. Pachymetoides.

b'. Fore wing with entire margins. Abdomen without bands. -
Antennae with moderately long pinnae. 22. Leptometa.

b. Eyes hairy.

*) The precostal vein rising from the base of the wing is not to be regarded as -an accessory vein.

GONOBOMBYX. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

255

a'. Wings with entire margins. 21. Pehria.

b'. Distal margin in both wings feebly undulating.

23. Mallocampa.

(3. Anal margin of fore wing at the distal part with long stiff hairs which are apically more or less expanded
like scales. Vein 8 of forewing almost invariably from the pedicle of 6 and 7. Eyes bare.

*. Posterior tarsi with appressed scales. — $ without anal wool.

o. Vein 9 of forewing into the apex. Basal cell of hindwing without an accessory vein.

1. Distal margin of forewing almost straight, entire. 22. Leptometa.

2. Distal margin of forewing bent, undulating; anal angle entirely rounded.

24. Gastroplahaeis.

oo. Vein 9 of forewing into the distal margin. Basal cell of hindwing with an accessory vein.

25. Dinometa.

**. Posterior tarsi above hairy. Vein 9 of forewing into the apex. Basal cell of hindwing without an
accessory vein. — $ with anal wool. 26. Diapalpus.

B. Palpi large and long, about three times as long as the head. Eyes hairy. Vein 9 of forewing into the
apex; vein 8 from the discal cell. Basal cell of hindwing short and broad with an accessory vein.

27. Rhynchoboynbyx.

1. Genus: Oonobombyx Auriv. (. Prodonestis Holl).

Palpi with appressed scales, hardly projecting beyond the head, straightly porrect, with a small terminal
joint. Eyes bare. Antennae also in the $ with long pinnae. Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs; hind tarsi
with appressed scales. Forewrng oblong with a sharp apex; its distal margin undulating, forming a distinct
angle at the end of vein 5; veins 6 and 7 forked, 8 from the apex of the discal cell; 9 and 10 much longer
than their pedicle, 9 into the apex of the wing. Hindwing oblong with an almost straight costal margin and
a very much rounded undulating distal margin; discal cell short, closed, rarely with an indistinct cross-vein,
veins 4 and 5 forked; basal cell large and pointed with indistinct accessory veins.

G. angulata Auriv. (= fulva Holl.) (38 a). Dark fawn-coloured, head, dorsum, and upper siu-face angulala.
of fore wing darker. Forewing with three indistinct violettish-grey transverse lines or narrow transverse bands
proceeding vertically towards the costal margin and growing indistinct posteriorly, the first of which extends
near the base and is directed towards the centre of the anal margin, whilst the two others are postmedian and
are directed towards the distal margin. Hindwing beneath at the base and costal margin broadly lighter
whitish-grey. In the G there is on the forewing above at the end of the discal cell a thick silvery transverse
streak which is absent or only marked in the £. — The larva being about 100 mm long is almost cylindrical,
only slightly flattened and without lateral appendices. Its skin is marbled grey and brown, above everywhere
densely clothed with long, soft, whitish or yellowish -grey hairs, and between the hairs strewn with short, fine
black spikes ; above in the centre of each joint excepting the first and last there is a large black spot densely
clothed with black spikes. The joints 4 to 11 exhibit oix each side a dark, light-edged oblique sti’eak in which
the spiracle is situate. The under sui’face is dark brown with a rounded or triangular yellowish spot in the
centre of the joixxts 5 to 10. Head yellowish-brown with six blackish-brown longitudinal lines which are
continued on the dorsum of the first joint of the body. The cocoon is oviform, posteriorly tapering, but
anteriorly compressed and with a filiform appendix in one angle; its wall is stiff, parchment-like, and densely
set with the short black spikes of the larva. The pupa is very thick, at the anal end vei’y broad and almost
transversely cut off, quite smooth without any hairs or bristles and without small hooks at the entirely flat
cremaster. Cameroon, Gabun.

G. vespertilio Weym. $. ,, Forewing yellowish greyish-brown. A brown obsolete spot is at the hind- vespertilio.
margin near the base and a small oviform black median spot on the terminal vein. Behind this spot there
extend two narrow, parallel, indistinct dark brown sti'ipes before the centre of the costal margin to the
centre of the hind-margin, being somewhat distally curved in the middle and expanded like a spot at the hind-
margin. Then follows a row of brownish spots: two larger ones in the cells 7 and 6 and 4 smaller ones in the
cells 4 to lb. The latter spots are alxxiost contiguous and thus form a third half stripe, whilst the two
anterior spots are more distally removed. The distal margin is dark brown, in the middle broadest, 8 mm broad
opposite the angle of the wing in the centre of the distal margin, but proximad1 not distinctly defined
and terminating 2 mm before the apex, so that the apex of the wing is light. Fringes blackish -brown. Hind-
margin with long blackish -brown hair, and between them with single ochreous hairs. Hindwing at the base
3 to 4 mm broad blackish-brown, the rest yellowish greyish-brown, in the middle more scantily scaled, therefore
somewhat diaphanous, but near the distal margin darker. Fringes dark brown. No other marking. German
East Africa: Lindi.“ ,, Distinguished from the West-Africaix G. angulata Auriv. by the longer extended apex
of the forewing and the different colouring, the different position and direction of the transverse stripes. “

256

GONOPACHA; GONOMETA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

rothschi Idi.

broioessci.

2. Genus: Goiiojmclia gen.nov.

Last year Tams placed G. brotoessa to the genus Hypotrabala. Thereby my attention was called to the
morphology of this species, and I must admit that it is no Gonometa, but more closely allied with Gonobombyx
and Hypotrabala. By the distal margin of the forewing being angular at the end of vein 5 and the vein 9 ending
in the apex of the fore wing it corresponds to Gonobombyx and deviates from Gonometa with which, however,
it entirely corresponds in the shape of the 3 hindwing. It differs from Gonobombyx in the marks stated in the
table of the genera, but from Hypotrabala almost only in the shape of the wings. There is also a remarkable
consistency in the characteristic markings of the forewings between Hypotrabala castanea and the $ of Gono¬
pacha rothschildi which I regard as the type of the genus.

G. rothschildi sp. n. (36 a). i\.s the specimens from Rothschild’s collection, according to which
the figures were made, are no more before me, I must confine myself to referring to them and can only add
that the wings of the $ are beneath black with bright yellow veins. Cameroon: Bitje. — I formerly re¬
garded this8species as G. brotoessa Holl., but as Holland’s description is different, I quote here brotoessa as
an independent species.

G. brotoessa Holl. ,,S- Frons, chest, and thoracal dorsum deep chestnut-brown. Abdomen above
quite steel-blue, beneath with the chest rust-coloured. Forewing bright chestnut-brown with a white discal
spot being surrounded with black, and an almost triangular yellow spot behind the discal cell near the base
of the wing; in the centre of the wing there are two indistinct angular black lines extending from the apex of
the wing to the centre of the hind-margin. Hindwing bluish-black, at the costal margin dark rust-brown.
Forewing beneath chestnut-brown, in the discal cell and disc blackish. Hindwing beneath coloured as above.
Expanse of wings: 65 mm.“ — Abdomen as in the 3 but much larger. Upper surface of abdomen lustrous
steel-blue with an orange-yellow anal pencil. Both the fore wing and hindwing above and beneath unicoloured
chestnut-brown. Expanse of wings: 85 to 100 mm.“ West Africa: Ogowe River. — As the description of the
3 is so similar to the 3 of G. rothschildi , the shape of the wings which is not mentioned will probably be also the
same. Both sexes however, differ in the abdomen being steel-blue above, and the $ is quite different from
that of rothschildi. Thus there are probably two different species of Gonopacha.

3. Genus: Gonometa Walk.

To this genus belong the largest of all the African Lasiocampidae. They are besides distinguished by
the great difference of the sexes. The S' <3 are invariably smaller, often much smaller than the $$, and exhibit
long and narrow, sharply pointed forewings which are often without any marking, whereas the hindwings are
triangular, at the distal margin straight or deeply emarginated, rarely rounded off ; abdomen slender and coniform.
The distal margin of the fore wing is much longer than the anal margin. In the much larger $$ the forewings
are shorter and broader, less pointed, so that the distal margin is only as long as, or shorter than the anal
margin; above they are usually decorated with darker transverse bands. Hindwing of a normal size with a
rounded distal margin.

Beside the shape of the wings, the genus is characterised by the following marks: palpi short, not or
hardly projecting beyond the frons, with appressed scales, a short knob-shaped terminal joint, closely appressed
to the head. Eyes bare. Antennae in the S in the basal halves with very long, then moderately long
pinnae, whilst in the $ the pinnae are short as far as the apex. Collar and thoracal dorsum with smoothly
appressed hair; thorax of S narrow and oblong. Forewing: veins 4 and 5 separated, 6 and 7 usually on a
short pedicle, 8 from the apex of the discal cell, 9 and 10 generally as long as, rarely shorter than their pedicle,
9 into the distal margin (the species in which it terminates into the apex probably belong to a different genus).
Hindwing: veins 4 and 5 forked or from the same base; basal cell closed by a long slanting cross-vein. Abdomen
of $ without anal wool. Hind tarsi with appressed scales.

The larvae are everywhere, or at least on the dorsum and sides, armed with sharp needle-shaped bristles,
and besides at least on the sides long-haired; all the joints are uniformly developed and armed; no decorative
spots. Head relatively small. The cocoon is regularly elliptical, parchment-like, and everywhere densely clothed
with the larval needles and hairs.

For the present it is impossible to divide the species into natural groups owing to our defective knowledge
of the sexes and larvae. We may, however, point out the fact that the hindwings are triangular and at the
distal margin more or less deeply emarginated in the S3 °f G. postica, podocarpi, badia, nysa, Cassandra, titan,
sjostedti, regia, ferox, and attenuata. In the S of G. griseocincta the hindwing, however, is broadly rounded at
the distal margin.

Publ. 2. V. 1927.

GONOMETA. By Dr. C. AurivilliuS.

257

G. postica Walk. (§ = effusa Walk. ; = stalii Wallengr. ; ? = marginata Walk.) (37 a). Antennae postica.
blackish, frons, protliorax, a stripe on the sides of the collar, and the fifth dorsal joint of the abdomen yellow
or whitish. Legs with appressed violettish-grey scales without long hair. Collar and thoracal dorsum greyish-
reddish. Abdomen above deep red-brown, beneath blackish. Forewing above dark blackish-brown, distally
somewhat lighter, in the centre scantily strewn with tiny light scales, and with traces of 1 or 2 darker trans¬
verse lines, at the base with a faint bluish reflection. Hindwing triangular, at the apex and anal angle extend¬
ed equally far; distal margin straightly cut off or distinctly concave; densely clad with dark brown hair,
at the distal margin broadly hyaline, beneath at the base with a bluish reflection; veins 3 to 5 from the same
place, not stalked. Expanse of wings: 47 to 57 mm. — §. Head and thoracal dorsum varying from a vio-
lettish grey to a dark brown. Frons yellowish. Abdomen with yellowish hair. Forewing, as the figure shows,
above with lighter and darker transverse bands. Hindwing yellowish-white, at the distal margin with a broad
dark brown band, at the costal margin with a narrow one. Forewing generally with a distinct black spot at
the end of the discal cell. Veins 4 and 5 of hindwing stalked. — Larva black with distinct though obtuse la¬
teral appendages, above on the centre of each segment with groups of sharp black needle-shaped bristles, these
bristles also occurring on the sides of the body where, however, they are covered by the very long, distend¬
ed and bent down lateral hairs. The larva occurs in two forms, one with yellow lateral hairs, the other with
white ones. It has been asserted that one form only yields <$<3, the other only but this has apparently
not yet been sufficiently ascertained. The larva lives on ,, common waltle“ (Elephantorhiza Burchelli) and on
a kind of Acacia. Natal; Transvaal; Damara Land; Delagoa Bay.

G. mfobruiinea Auriv. $ unknown. $ similar to that of postica (37 a) in the marking of the forewing, rufobrun-
but larger (102 — 108 mm) and everywhere with a bright red-brown ground-colour. Discal spot of forewing
red-brown. Hindwing of a purer white with a light reel-brown marginal band. Abdomen above with yellow
hair, at the apex reddish. East Africa: Ukerewe and Queque.

G. podocarpi Auriv. The ^ is of a size and shape of the wings very similar to that of the A °f G. podocarpi.
postica, but differently coloured. Head, thoracal dorsum, chest and legs uni-coloured chestnut-brown; ab¬
domen above chestnut -brown, beneath blackish. Anal pencil yellow. Both wings above and beneath uni¬
coloured dark chestnut-brown without any markings, beneath somewhat lighter, Hindwing at the distal margin
deeply emarginated, not hyaline, or only at the bottom of the indentation somewhat greyish owing to the
scanty scaling. Expanse of wings: 60 mm. — $. Body and wings dark liver-brown; forewing above with a
faint violet hue, its base and four almost straight or somewhat curved transverse bands darker coloured; no
discal spot. Hindwing in the centre more scantily scaled, in the apex of the discal cell and at the base of
the areas 2 to 4 almost hyaline. Expanse of wings about 100 mm. — The larva lives on Podocarpus (a genus
of conifers distinguished by its large, long, leaf-like needles). Elgon.

G. badia sp. n. <$. Body dark chestnut-brown; head, collar, chest, and antennae somewhat lighter, badia.
more yellowish -brown. Eorewing above dark blackish-brown, with a slight violet hue, without markings,
beneath somewhat lighter with a brown anal margin. Hindwing triangular, at the anal angle and apex projecting
equally much, at the distal margin deeply emarginated, and in the centre very broadly hyaline as far as the
discal cell, otherwise dark red-brown. Shape of wings like that of G. postica. Expanse of wings: 80 mm. East
Africa: Manow. At the same time with this from the same place, a £ was received, which may belong
to the cL It corresponds, however, so exactly with the ^ figured here as G. nysa-Q (37 a), that it suffices to
state the differences. In badia-Q the forewing above is somewhat darker at the base, its second and third
transverse bands are almost contiguous, and the disc of the hindwing is hyaline. Expanse of wings: 130 mm.

G. nysa Drc. $ (36 a, b). Plain, but beautifully and somewhat variably coloured, the red-brown nysa.
colour often lighter than in the figure. Abdomen above black, with a more or less intense blue reflection.

Hindwing often more deeply emarginated with an acute anal angle. As the $ of this species the $ figured
here (36 a) is (doubtfully) regarded. — Larva everywhere densely clothed with black and yellow needles, and
between them with shorter whitish or somewhat greenish scale-hairs ; the lateral appendages exhibit somewhat
longer soft, dark hairs. Cameroon.

G. titan Holt. (36 b). The description of this plainly coloured species is made superfluous by the fi- titan.
gures. West Africa: Ogowe.

G. Cassandra Drc. Eorewing bright purple brown, at the anal margin somewhat reddish with a cassandra.
submarginal row of angular spots distally bordered with white, from the apex to the anal angle. Hindwing
brownish-black with a beautiful greenish-blue reflection, and at the distal margin broadly whitish. Under sur¬
face as above, but the hindwing without a blue reflection. Head and thorax dark brown. Abdomen brownish-
black, above with a greenish-blue gloss. Underside of thorax and legs dark brown. Ventrum dingy white.

Antennae blackish-brown. Expanse of wings: 78 mm“. Cameroon.

G. sjdstedti Auriv. (36 c). Both sexes qiiite unicoloured light ochreous without markings. $ . Hindwing sjostedti.
at the distal margin emarginated. The gigantic larva, 14 to 16 cm long, is everywhere rather uniformly clad

XIV

33

258

GONOMETA. By Dr. C. Aurivillitts.

regia.

imperialist

fero.r.

aiicnnala.

griseocincia.

christy i.

fnlvida.

drucei.

bicolor.

argibasis.

with long soft hairs and very sharp long stings. The latter are black, with a blue reflection, at the base yel¬
lowish. The hairs are whitish-grey, at the indentations longer and denser, and on the sides above the feet
they form long hair-tufts; the lateral appendages are short and obtuse. Cocoon about 75 mm long, thick, parch-
ment-like, yellowish-grey, and densely armed with the larval stings like a hedgehog. Cameroon.

G. regia Auriv. (40 c). $ . Forewing with traces of transverse bands and a light discal spot. Hind¬
wing at the anal angle broadly rounded off, at the distal margin only in the centre feebly emarginated. $ very
large (155 mm), reddish or yellowish -brown ; dorsum, legs, and ventrum violettish-brown. Forewing above
ochreous-brown, the base and four broad transverse bands violettish-brown. Hindwing red-brown without
markings. Both wings beneath ochreous, at the costal margin violettish-brown. Uganda.

G. imperialis Auriv. $ (36 c). $ unknown. Upper surface with an ochreous ground-colour. Head
and thorax suffused with a violettish brown. Fore wing with a somewhat darker ground-colour; its base and
5 broad transverse bands (compare the figure) violettish-brown. Hindwing unicoloured without markings.
Both wings beneath ochreous, at the distal margin and near the apex violettish-brown. The largest of the
Gonometa- species known so far. Gold Coast.

G. ferox Kenr. (37 a). $. Black. Head, palpi, antennae, and collar orange-yellow. Abdomen with
fine yellow segmental margins and a yellow anal pencil. Wings black without markings. Distal margin of
hindwing feebly emarginated. $ unknown. Madagascar. Scarcely a genuine Gonometa ; the figure shows that
vein 8 of the forewing proceeds from the stalk of 9 and 10 (!).

G. attersuata Kenr. (37 b). g. Head, palpi, and chest dull orange-yellow. Antennae, legs, thoracal
dorsum, and abdomen dark chestnut-brown. Wings above dark brown; forewing with a small white discal
dot. Hindwing with a not deeply emarginated distal margin and an acute anal angle. Madagascar.

G. griseocincta Hmps. (37 a). The <$ differs from all the preceding species in the broadly rounded hind-
wings. The very distinct marking and colouring is to be seen from the figure. $ unknown. North-East
Rhodesia.

G. christyi Em. Sharpe is quite unknown to me. Forewing: ground-colour reddish-yellow, somewhat
lighter at the posterior margin; two darker transverse bands across the centre, the proximal one from the costal
margin to the posterior margin straight. Hindwing: yellowish, somewhat silky, darker at- the base and hind-
margin. Under surface: reddish-yellow, hindwing lighter, especially at the distal margin. Head, antennae,
thorax, and abdomen reddish yellow. Expanse of wings: 86 mm. — Forewing bright reddish-yellow with
three darker transverse lines, the two proximal ones only feebly undulated, at the posterior margin a grey
colouring extending across the centre of the wing to the costal margin. Hindwing lighter than forevving, and
with a slight silky gloss. Under surface as in the <3 without spots or lines. Expanse of wings: 135 mm.
Nigeria: Jebba.

The following species are apparently closely allied to each other and differ from the others in the sexes being
but little different.

G. fulvida Dist. Head and pronotum dark mouse-grey. Abdomen, antennae, underside, and legs more
or less ochreous. Tarsi speckled with grey. Forewing dark mouse-grey, densely speckled with grey, with
ochreous veins and two dark undulating submarginal transverse lines. Hindwing dull ochreous, semi-trans¬
parent-, at- the distal margin darkened. Both wings beneath dull dark ochreous and at the distal margin dark¬
ened. Expanse of wings: 60 mm. Transvaal.

G. drucei B.-Bak. (40 c). Palpi, head, and antennae red-brown; thorax purple brown; abdomen

light yellowish-brown. Forewing dark purple brown, somewhat rust-coloured on the veins; an indistinct undu¬
lating, slanting, light reddish line to the costal margin near the apex of the wing is accompanied by a similar
rust-coloured submarginal line; the space between this line and the distal margin is grey; fringes dark, at the
veins slightly interrupted by light; the posterior margin as far as vein 2 darker purple. Hindwing purple
brownish grey, at the base and in the centre as far as vein 6 white. “ Expanse of wings: 70 mm. — ,,$.
Quite similar to the <$. Expanse of wings: 85 mm.“ Hampson, in his treatise on lepidoptera from Rhodesia,
supplied the figure of the $ being copied here. North-East Rhodesia.

G. bicolor Dew. (37 b) is only known from Dewitz’ description and figure of a $. There is a re¬
markable consistency between Dewitz’ figure and Hampson’s figure of drucei and the differences may
only be individually, or to be explained by the different preservation of the specimens. If, however, bicolor
is a Gonometa, the course of vein 9 of the forewing must be wrongly reproduced. West Africa : Chinchoxo.

G. (?) argibasis Mab. ,, Forewing red-brown, at the margins slightly darker. A black undulating
line distally bordered with grey extends from the apex of the wing slantingly liindward and reaches the po¬
sterior margin near the base, at about the first third of the posterior margin. Hindwing blackish without mar¬
kings, at the base purely white; this colour only occupies a third of the width of the wing (of the distal mar¬
gin) and forms a large basal spot being distally parted by the black-edged veins. Fringes reddish. Beneath
as above, but with distinct veins and the forewing without a line. Body blackish-brown, beneath darker. The

HYPOTRABALA; GRAMMODORA; ANADIASA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

259

three last abdominal segments above and laterally bright reddish -yellow. Antennae short with short black
pectinations. “ Size not stated, West Africa. The author states besides that the species is somewhat similar
to G. bicolor Dew. Whether argibasis is a Gonometa, Pachymeta, or something quite different, cannot be deci¬
ded without the type having been examined.

4. Genus: Hypotrabala Roll.

Palpi short, last joint tiny. Eyes bare. Forewing: veins 4 and 5 separate, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 from the
stalk of 6 and 7, 9 and 10 shorter than their stalk, 9 into the costal margin or apex; distal margin almost
straight, posterior margin bent. Hindwing: vein 3 near the posterior angle of the discal cell, 4 and 5 on a
short stalk; basal cell large, without accessory veins; vein 7 rises behind the centre of the anterior edge of
the discal cell. Distal margin of $ somewhat projecting at the veins 2 and 3, between 3 and 6 almost straight,
in the $ rounded off. •

Tams unites the genus Pehria Slrd. with this genus. He may be light in doing so, but as the stages
are still unknown, it may be advisable for the present to keep the genera asunder and to use the name Hypo-
trabala solely for castanea. Hypotrabala differs from Pehria in the veins 9 and 10 of the forewing being much
shorter than their stalk, as well as in the different marking.

H. castanea Holl. $ . (37 e) is easily recognisable from the figure. The $ is much larger (68 mm), with castanea.
somewhat broader wings, but otherwise coloured and marked like the Cocoon small, oval, dark brown. “

Ogowe and Nigeria. Apparently rare.

5. Genus: Ciirniiiiiiodora gen. nov.

Palpi short, not projecting beyond the frons; last joint very small. Pectinations of antennae modera¬
tely long, slightly shorter in the $. Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. Hind tarsi with appressed scales.

Forewing: veins 6 and 7 stalked, 8 from the discal cell, 9 and 10 longer than their stalk, 9 into the distal
margin. Hindwing: veins 4 and 5 on a very short stalk; basal cell large without accessory veins.

It was formerly regarded as a Lenodora, but it differs in the longer pectinations of the $, the ab¬

sence of the accessory veins in the hindwing, and particularly in vein 9 of the forewing terminating into the
distal margin .

G. nigrolineata Auriv. (37 b). G- Ground-colour white or yellowish-white. Forewing above with bright- nigrolinea-
coloured veins; vein 1, the median, the stalk of 6 and 7, and vein 12 are more or less red (varying from he- ta"

mochrome to yellowish-red), the others black or on each side finely bordered with black. In the larger $
the hindwing is above blackish-grey with light yellow fringes, and both wings beneath are covered with blackish -
grey. — Larva almost cylindrical, the 2nd and 3rd segments somewhat stouter/ and with feeble deco¬
rative spots. Head hairy, bluish-grey with a yellow vertical line. Abdomen beneath yellowish with black cen¬
tral spots, on the sides beneath grey with yellow oblique streaks, above with a broad yellow lateral line being-
interrupted on each segment by a black spot; dorsum with short hair, coloured grey and whitish, and on each
segment with a black transverse spot which is connected with the black lateral spot. The decorative spots
have only been produced by the expansion of the dorsal spots and are, like them, clad with short brown
bristles. First joint on each side with two black, obliquely porrect hair-pencils. Cocoon ellipsoid, parchment-
like, grey. According to specimens most kindly communicated by A. T. Cooke.

6. Genus: Auadfasa Auriv.

Small Gonometinae with broad wings, in which vein 9 of the forewing terminates into the distal mar¬
gin. Eyes hairy. Palpi short, not or little projecting beyond the frons. Antennae with moderately long pecti¬
nations; the latter are shorter in the $ than in the <$, wings particularly in the $ scantily scaled with short,
entire-margined fringes, Forewing: veins 6 and 7 stalked, 8 from the apex of the discal cell, or a little united
with the stalk of 6 and 7; 9 and 10 at least as long as their stalk. Hindwing: veins 4 and 5 stalked, 7 rising-
very near to the apex of the discal cell; basal cell without accessory veins.

These small Geometrids only occur in dry steppes or deserts, where the larvae live gregariously on /
species of Acacia.

Species with unicoloured not mottled fringes of the forewings, and a pale fawn-coloured or reddish-grey ground-

colour.

A. punctifascia Walk. ($ = sobria Walk.) (37 b). A- Head and thorax, red-brown. Forewing above punctifa-
and still more beneath at the base and costal margin darkened with grey; the two proximal transverse lines scia-

are thereby indistinct, the submarginal line, however, distinct, composed of bows. Hindwing at the anal angle

2 GO

ANADIASA. By Dr. C. Aurivillitts.

schonheiti.

siv icrsircic.

jansei.

undata,
af finis.

j uscofascia-
ta.

definita.

griseata.

a little more reddish. The are somewhat larger and lighter, and their forewings not darkened at the costal
margin and base; the proximal transverse line is therefore much more distinct than in the <J. The larva has
a bluish-grey ground-colour with reddish segmental margins and is above and laterally scantily clothed with
long light hairs; the segments 2 to 6 are besides decorated with transverse pads of dense black hair; of these
transverse brushes there are three on the second segment, one on the sixth, and two each on the segments
3 to 5 ; the segments 6 to 1 1 exhibit above in the centre two adjacent or united greyish-blue tubercles scantily
clad with long hairs. Thus the consistency between this larva and the larva of the palearctic A. obsoleta King
having been described and figured by Klug (Yol. I, p. 163) is very great.

A. schonheiti Wichgr. is apparently closely allied to the preceding species. „<$. Upper surface. Fore¬
wing: ground-colour almost flesh-coloured greyish-pink; three faded grey transverse bands before and behind
the indicated cellular spot, the distal one extending from vein 6 to vein 1, and a submarginal one composed
of spots in the areas, 2 mm distant from the distal margin^ at the apex somewhat nearer and inwardly bent.
Costal margin and base darkened by reddish hairs. Hindwing in the centre and at the base lighter, reddish-
violet at the costal margin and anal angle. Forewing beneath: cell and anterior portion of vein 6 distinctly
defined grey; the pink colour is posteriorly lighter yellowish. Hindwing beneath yellowish- white, only at
the costal margin and posterior margin reddish violet. Fringes also violet. “ ,,$ corresponding though without
the grey darkening of the forewing beneath. “ Expanse of wings: <$ 25, $ 35 mm. Portuguese East Africa.

A. swierstrae Auriv. (37 b). unknown. $ body and legs blackish-grey; abdomen above somewhat
lighter; patagia feebly rust-coloured. Forewing above grey without transverse lines, but with an indistinctly
defined blackish median band and a short rust-coloured oblique band from the base of the costal margin to
vein 1; marginal portion feebly lighter reddish. Hindwing above and both wings beneath dark grey; hind¬
wing with traces of a darker median line. Expanse of wings: 32 mm. Portuguese East Africa.

A. jansei sj). n. (40 d). A- Both wings above and beneath reddish-grey, above more grey, beneath more
reddish. Forewing with a red-brown spot at the cell-end and three red-brown transverse lines; the first sub-
basal one is indistinct, the two others distinctly prominent, notched, and almost parallel; fringes reddish.
Hindwing above in the centre broadly reddish. Antennae light yellowish. Abdomen with light fawn-coloured
hair. $ unknown. Transvaal: Pretoria.

Species with fringes of the forewings, that are light-spotted at the ends of the veins, the ground-colour varying
from grey to blackish.

A. uudata Klug has already been described and figured in Vol. II (p. 162, pi. 26 d). It is uncertain whether
it also occurs within the Ethiopian Region. Sudan ?

A. af finis Auriv. (37 c) is similar to A. undata , but differs, as the figure shows, in the submarginal line
of the forewing being deeply bent towards the base at vein 5, and the distal white border of the discal trans¬
verse line being expanded at the posterior margin into a spot. $ unknown. Orange Colony: Bloemfontein.

A. fuscofasciata Auriv. (37 c). unknown. The $ is very similar to the European Trichiura crataegi.
The colouring and marking above is shown in the figure. Wings beneath brownish grey, at the distal margin
lighter, with a joint bent dark median band. Natal : Durban (discovered by G. F. Leigh).

A. definita B.-Bak. was described as Trichiura, but compared with obsoleta Klug, and is certainly an
Anadiasa. Head and thorax iron-grey; antennae ochreous; abdomen grey. Forewing dark grey with an

irregular antemedian transverse line being angular towards the margin behind the discal cell; the postmedian
white transverse line is notched and sometimes proximad angular at the centre ; the median area situate be¬
tween these transverse lines is much darker than the rest of the wing ; traces of a dark notched submarginal
line. Hindwing grey, with a postmedian broad light band almost reaching the hind-margin at the anal angle.
Expanse of wings: 27 mm.“ White Nile.

A. griseata Warren and Rothsch. is declared to be closely allied with sobria (Walk.) and obsoleta (Klug),
but likewise ranged with the quite different genus Odontoch eilopteryx. „<$. Forewing grey, in the median area
darker; the basal transverse line is blackish, undulated, on both sides bordered with white; the discal trans¬
verse line from the costal margin to vein 6 obliquely extending distally and then obliquely proximad, bordered
with white, particularly at the costal margin and posterior margin, where the white colour is accompanied by
a dark line; the submarginal line is dentate and blackish; ground-colour between the discal and submarginal
line often brownish. Fringes at the base with light and dark grey spots; at the end of the submarginal line
a blackish anal-marginal spot. Hindwing above light greyish-yellow, fringes grey, at the anal angle blackish.
Beneath the basal half of the forewing is dark grey with a light spot at the end of the discal cell, and with
a light spot at the costal margin; marginal half light grey. Hindwing beneath light grey with a curved dark
median line and a dark spot at the anal angle. The $ is light smoky grey, at the base and posterior margin
with three undulating dark grey postmedian transverse lines; beneath light grey. Expanse of wings: $ 24 mm;
$ 35 mm.“ Sudan and on the Atbara River.

PSEUDOMETA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

261

I append here the following species having been based upon much flown specimens and therefore only incompletely
described.

A. simplex Pag. ,, Palpi reddish-brown. Thorax and abdomen blackish-brown. Forewing greyish- simplex.
brown with an indistinct transverse line. Hindwing lighter greyish-brown, in the posterior margin and anal
angle shaded darker. Beneath as above. “ Somali Land.

Note: A. sahariensis Rothsch. (1921), from the Sahara: Ashen, probably does not belong to this region. This genus sahariens
surely comprises many more African species that have not yet been described. There are about five species before me, which
are probably unknown, but which cannot be described owing to their bad condition.

7. Genus: Pseiidometsi Aur. (= Allenella Strand; .= Gastroplakaena Strand).

Palpi in the $ short, not projecting beyond the frons, in the $ often longer, projecting more or. less
beyond the frons, and with a longer terminal joint. Antennae with two rows of pectinations which are
slightly shorter in the $ than in the <$. Hind tibiae with very short terminal spurs. Hind tarsi with appressed
scales or above scantily haired. Forewing elongate, pointed, with a long curved distal margin, entirely roun¬
ded anal angle, and short posterior margin; veins 6 and 7 stalked, 8 from this stalk, veins 9 and 10 shorter
or rarely about as long as, or longer than their stalk; vein 9 into the apex of the wing. Hindwing at the base
of the costal margin with a very large lobe, costal margin then straight or emarginated, rarely convex, distal
margin curved or in some almost straight. Fringes of both wings short, entirely margined.

Although this genus shows a neuration and shape of the wings very similar to those of some other
Gonometinae, yet it seems to be a natural one and differs from all the others in the strong development of the
basal lobe of the hindwing. The £<$ exhibit a coniform abdomen and are smaller than the stout Many
species are still insufficiently known and their differences are uncertain.

Ps. basalis Walk. {<$ = acuminata Walk.). Antennae black, with honey-coloured pectinations. Fore- basalis.
wing above fawn-coloured, at the posterior margin red-brown, slightly mixed with grey, with an antemedian
and a postmedian transverse line, which are particularly in the <$ very indistinct; the distal transverse line
is composed of dark, distally concave bows; the submarginal line is represented by round black dots which,
however, are generally only distinct in the areas 6 to 8, and may also be indistinct there in the $. Hindwing
above grey (d1) or fawn-coloured with traces of a darker median band ($), beneath somewhat lighter, often
yellowish, with a distinct median band and darkened blackish-brown costal margin; the latter is distinctly
emarginated between the basal lobe and vein 7. — Larva cylindrical, in front (the joints 1 to 3) somewhat
thickened. Head rounded, hairy. First segment in front on each side with a hair-pencil; second and third
segments each with a short-haired decorative spot formed of an anterior yellow transverse streak and a poste¬
rior blackish one; the second segment above in the median line with two erect hair-pencils; the first black,
the other one grey. The segments 5 to 10 above each with two black hard coniform appendages; those of
the eighth segment are longer than the others, and those of the segments 9 and 10 short, knot-shaped; the
11 tli segment above with a rounded elevation. The lateral appendages are short and long-haired. The skin
is tan-coloured decorated with red and black streaks or dots. The cocoon is solid, parchment-like , with inter¬
mixed short hairs. Natal.

Ps. concava Strd. (37 c). Forewing and fringes brown with a reddish hue above and beneath. Hindwing concava.
a little lighter and more scantily scaled, but before vein 7 darker, with a violettish hue; under suiface slightly
darker than above and without the violettish hue before vein 7 ; the concave margin appears above and be¬
neath lighter than the fringes. Body like the fore wing. Antennae black with light yellowish pectinations. “
Separated from the other species by the deeper concavity of the costal margin of the hinclwing and its roun¬
ded anal angle, for which reason Strand placed it to a special genus, Alenella. South Cameroon: Alen.

Ps. tenebra B.-Bak. was described as Glocia, but according to Tams it belongs to Pseudometa. „<$. tencbra.
Head, thorax, and antennae very dark crimson. Forewing monotonously dark crimson, without any markings.
Hindwing very dark purple black. Both wings in spite of their dark colours somewhat transparent. Expanse
of wings: 32 mm.“ Nigeria: Lagos.

Ps. choba Druce was described as Taragama, but according to Tams it also belongs to Pseudometa. choba.

Head, antennae, thorax, patagia, abdomen, and legs very dark blackish-brown, almost black. Forewing
dark reel-brown with two white spots at the costal margin and a white streak at the end of the discal cell.
Hindwing dark blackish-brown. “ Expanse of wings: 33 mm. Nigeria: Lagos.

Ps. nigricans Auriv. $. Size and shape of wings almost as in Ps. viola, but the forewing somewhat nigricans
narrower and the concavity at the costal margin of the hindwing deeper. Head, thorax, and abdomen very
dark chestnut-brown. Antennae with almost black pectinations. Forewing above very dark red-brown, be¬
neath blackish, in the centre more thinly scaled, with a very small whitish dot or streak on the cross-vein,
beneath at the posterior margin with lighter brownish hair, above there are three indistinct submarginal dots
or streaks in the areas 5 to 7, exactly as in Ps. basalis Walk. Hindwing blackish, above in the areas 1 a to

262

PSEUDOMETA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

viola.

minima.

schnitzel.

castanea.

andersoni.

dollmanni.

canescens.

1 c long-haired, in the discal cell and the areas 2 to 5, however, only scaled, and then at the costal margin
clothed with lighter brownish hairs; beneath almost monotonously blackish-brown, only the concavity with
light fringes. Expanse of wings: 28 mm. Belgian Congo: Kimuenza.

Ps. viola Auriv. Violettish-reddish ; thoracal dorsum and forewing somewhat darker; abdomen and
hindwing above lighter. Wings above and beneath without markings, or the forewing only above with traces
of nebulous bands. Forewing above thinly scaled, only at the posterior margin in 1 a and 1 b densely clad
with red-brown hah1. Costal margin of hindwing only feebly concave or almost straight, beneath not darkened.
Antennae black with yellow pectinations. Expanse of wings: 28 (rf) to 45 ($) mm. Mashona Land.

Ps. minima Noll. (37 c). Of this species the author kindly sent me the figure reproduced here and
proving it to be probably a Pseudometa. Frons, collar, and thoracal dorsum of a warm red-brown colour.

Abdomen above as well as the legs and the underside of the body light reddish-brown, the legs at the anterior
edge dark brown. Fore wing above coloured like the abdomen above, with a dark brown band from the base
of the costal margin slantingly to the anal angle; the apical third of the wing at the costal margin likewise
covered with dark brown. A small silvery dot at the end of the discal cell and very indistinct notched
transverse lines. Hindwing above coloured like the fore wing, and at the costal margin with the beginning
of a dark transverse line. Both wings beneath with the same ground-colour as above, and with faint traces
of the same markings. Expanse of wings: 30 mm.

The two following closely allied species differ from the preceding ones in the forewing showing two distinct,
undulating, black transverse lines, an antemedian one and a postmedian one, as well as a submarginal line. Ground-colour
above dark yellowish-brown or red-brown.

Ps. schultzei Auriv. (37 c). Only the <$ is known. Covered with dark red-brown or rust-brown hah.
Antennae blackish. Forewing above dark brown; a large spot at the base, a spot at the apex of the discal
cell, and a large spot at the costal margin near the apex of the wing red; two serpentine transverse lines across
the centre, and behind the distal transverse line a lustrous grey transverse shadow proceeding from the red
costal-marginal spot. Forewing beneath red-brown without distinct markings. Hindwings on both sides blackish-
brown, at the costal margin and posterior margin red-brown. Sokoto.

Ps. castanea Pimps. (37 b). The marking of this species and the difference from Ps. schultzei is to
be seen from the figure. We merely add that the fore wing shows a fine white transverse streakat the end
of the discal cell, and that the hindwing beneath is whitish at the costal margin and exhibits a black’sh discal
shadow. Uganda and Ruwenzori.

The following three species have recently been described by W. H. T. Tams, but they are unknown to me and
could therefore not be ranged among the preceding forms. From the very detailed descriptions only the most important
marks can be communicated here. j

Ps. andersoni Tams, $. Antennal shaft black, pectinations nut-brown. Abdomen nut-brown, above
chestnut-brown. Forewing nut-brown with a broad blackish -brown median transverse band enclosing a
whitish transverse streak at the end of the discal cell. Behind the median band and separated from it by a
narrow stripe of the ground-colour, a narrow band of a red and blackish-brown colour extends. The ground¬
colour between the bands is strewn with whitish scales; a blackish-brown apical spot from which an indis¬
tinct nebulous submarginal band composed of red and blackish-brown spots runs to the posterior margin;
traces of whitish irroration also occur at the costal and distal margins, and especially near the anal angle. Hind-
wing blackish-brown, with chestnut-brown veins, distal margin and fringes; the veins are strewn with whitish
scales; costal margin in the basal half nut-brown, then blackish-brown and strewn with witish, the margin
itself being whitish. Expanse of wings: 26 mm. — $. Lighter and larger, but otherwise very similar to the
U- Expanse of wings: 34 to 37 mm. It is said to resemble Ps. basalis. Kenia Colony.

Ps. dollmanni Tams. <$. Antennal shaft dark red, pectinations honey-coloured. Head and thorax
above red; chest, abdomen, and legs yellowish ochreous, the anterior and middle tibiae above clad with claret-
coloured hair. Forewing claret-coloured, at the posterior margin yellowish-red; the usual marking of Pseudo¬
meta indicated dark reddish ; the antemedian transverse line bent proximally concave, the postmedian one
between the costal margin and vein 2 very much bent towards the margin, then as far as the posterior margin
feebly towards the base; without the postmedian transverse line a parallel nebulous band. Submarginal line
indistinct, notched with the points distally on the veins. Costal margin slightly speckled with yellowish, a
marginal band slightly powdered with whitish extends from the apex to the anal angle and is in the middle
so broad that it almost reaches to the discal cell. Hindwing ‘ claret-coloured , at the hind-margin densely hairy.
Expanse of wings: 38 mm. — The $ is larger (50 mm) and paler than the <$. Rhodesia and Nyassa Land.

Ps. canescens Tams. $. Palpi and frons red-brown. Antennal shaft, vertex and thoracal dorsum liver-
brown, all speckled with yellowish; eye-circle behind yellowish-brown. Antennal pectinations cinnamon-

DIPLURIELLA; ANCHIRITRA; PSEUDOLYRA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

263

brown. Abdomen above and laterally dark brown, speckled with yellowish, beneath yellowish. Forewing
mahogany -red, speckled with yellowish, at the anal margin with dark-brown hair; transverse lines and discal
spot yellowish, the former indistinct; a blackish submarginal dot in area 7 and traces of a similar dot in 6. Hind¬
wing blackish, at the costal margin and distal margin mahogany-red. Expanse of wings: 32 mm. — In the $
the antennal pectinations are honey-coloured, and the forewing is liver-brown with similar transverse lines
and yellowish powdering. Expanse of wings: 38 to 40 mm. Rhodesia.

Ps. patagiata Auriv. (37 c) differs from all the other species in the yellow patagia and the marking of patagiata.
the forewing. The stalk of veins 9 and 10 of the forewing is shorter than the veins. Nigeria: Sapele.

The following species has, I am sorry to say, remained unknown to me. Tams unhesitatingly places
it to Pseudometa. Strand, however, established a new genus Gastroplakaena for it. The only certain difference
evinced by the description is the anal wool of the $. — Subordinate genus ? : Gastroplakaena Strd.

Ps. punctipennis Strd. Forewing bark-brown with a light grey discocellular punctiform transverse punctipen-

spot being slightly convex towards the base and 9 mm distant from the base, as well as with a particularly ms

in front distinctly marked row parallel to the margin of black angular sublimbal punctiform spots which are
2 mm distant from the margin; midway between the discocellular spot and base, a dark transverse line is
hardly recognisable, and a dark undulating transverse line being behind distally lighter is indistinctly visible
midway between the discocellular spot and the sublimbal spots. Beneath as above without any other markings
but the sublimbal spots indistinctly showing through and the marginal area between them and the margin
being somewhat lighter. Hindwing above blackish-brown with lighter fringes, beneath like the forewing
without any other markings than the lighter colouring along the margin. Body coloured like the wings. Anal
wool light yellowish, with a silky gloss. Antennae blackish with yellowish pectinations. “ Expanse of wings:

42 mm. South Cameroon : Alen.

8. Genus: i>i]>lliriella Strand. (Diplura Ramb.)

Small Geometrids with broad wings, distinguished from the other Gonometinae by the veins 6 and 7 of
the fore wing not being stalked.

D. affinis Auriv. (37 d). <$ unknown. The $ is very similar to the $ of D. loti Ochs. (Vol. II, p. 162, affinis.
pi. 26 d) and, as the figure shows, differs in the marking only in the rather broad, blackish distal border of
the white transverse line of the forewing. In the neuration it differs in the basal cell of the hindwing being
closed by a very short cross-vein and exhibiting a long bent accessory vein. It is doubtfoul whether it is a
genuine Dipluriella. Madagascar.

D. songeana Strd. (37 d) is known to me only from the figure. From the description we may add: songeana.
forewing beneath fawn-coloured, more intensely reddened than the hindwing above; at the end of the cell a
small heap of erect scale-hairs. Hindwing beneath lighter than above; costal margin dark violettish -brown,
fringes of the same colour. Nothing is mentioned about the generic marks. It is questionable whether it is
a Dipluriella. $ unknown. German East Africa: Songea.

9. Genus: AneSifritra Bull.

Palpi short, densely haired. Forewing short but narrow with a rounded apex; veins 4 and 5 separate,

6 and 7 stalked, 8 from the discal cell, 9 and 10 longer than their stalk. 9 into the apex. Hindwing: veins
4 and 5 on a short stalk; basal cell long and large with a short accessory vein. Costal margin of hindwing
almost straight. Fringes broad.

A. insignis Butl. (38 a). <$. Antennae with uniformly long pectinations. Abdomen elongate. Colour and insignis.
marking to be seen from the figure. $ unknown. Madagascar.

A. ( ?) pimctuligera Mab. , , Forewing violettish-grey strewn with very small black dots; at the posterior punctulige
margin a rather broad, light ochreous longitudinal stripe ending at the anal angle; a similarly coloured stripe
extends through the discal cell along the costal margin; fringes of the colour of the wing. Hindwing yellowish-
white. Beneath the wings are whitish-grey, at the distal margin and costal margin of the forewing darker.

Antennae bent and with long pectinations.” Madagascar.

10. Genus: S*seiuloltvr;i Auriv.

The species of this genus were formerly ranged with Anadiasa, but they differ externally in the shorter
and broader, apically more rounded forewings and in the long, rough fringes of the wings being formed as
in the species of Olyra. In the neuration Pseudolyra closely corresponds with Anadiasa, but it seems to differ

264

LERODES. By Dr. C. Afrivillitts.

distincta.

cervina.

duplicata.

cinerea.

divisa.

ijrisescens.

leucocyma.

Uneadenta-

ia.

fulgurita.

invariably in the veins 4 and 5 of the forewing rising very close together or from the same place, vein 8
proceeding from the discal cell, and vein 9 terminating rather into the rounded, apex than into the distal margin.
Veins 4 and 5 of the hindwing are short-stalked or hardly stalked, and the basal cell lacks the accessory
vein. Antennae of $ with long, of $ with very short (two rows of serrate-dentate) pectinations. Stages unknown.

Ps. distincta Dlst. (38 a). Head and thorax brown; abdomen somewhat lighter, reddish. Forewing
above reddish-brown, with the three usual blackish and notched transverse lines; the discal one often distally
bordered with grey and thereby looking as if it were double, at the costal margin in the areas 7 to 9 very
much bent towards the base; the submarginal line is almost scalariform, its streaks, however, not straight but
angular. A distinct whitish discal dot. Hindwing much lighter, reddish-grey or whitish, with feebly reddish
fringes. Both wings beneath reddish-grey or reddish. The $ only differs in its larger size (49 mm) and the
lighter, above grey abdomen. Transvaal and Basuto Land.

Ps. cervina Auriv. only differs from distincta in the transverse lines of the forewing being finer though
more distinctly defined and single, the two first lines being almost even, not notched, the discal one between
the costal margin and vein 6 slightly uniformly bent and the streaks of the submarginal line being straight
or almost straight. The light discal dot is absent. The $ is more thinly scaled with a greyish ground-colour,
but hardly larger than the $ . Natal, Nyassa Land, ,, German “ East Africa. — ab. duplicate ab. n. In a $ from
Elgon the discal line of the forewing is double.

Ps. cinerea Auriv. Palpi, head, chest, and legs brown. Collar and thoracal dorsum of a pure grey;
abdomen yellowish, at the apex and above at the base with brown hair. Forewing above of a pure grey, scan¬
tily strewn with brownish scales, the three transverse lines black; the first and second bordered with whitish,
almost cpiite smooth and towards the anal margin vertical, the first quite straight, the second (discal one)
between the anal margin and vein 7 straight, then forming an angle towards the costal margin. Submarginal
line feebly bent, formed of short streaks. Discal dot absent. Fringes grey with brown tips. Hindwing
light greyish-yellowish, at the costal margin brownish. Both wings beneath light yellowish without markings.
Mashona Land.

Ps. divisa Auriv. $. Head, thorax, legs, and abdomen densely clad with red-brown hair; abdomen
above somewhat lighter. All the tarsi above as far as the apex clad with brown hair. Forewing above dark
red-brown with two double black transverse lines filled with white, a tiny white discal dot surrounded by
dark, and a notched black submarginal line; the discal transverse line almost straightly extends from the costal
margin to vein 5, where it bends a little towards the base, reaching the anal margin in an almost straight line;
its white filling is broken up into spots by the veins. The submarginal line extends almost exactly midway
between the distal margin and the discal transverse line. $ unknown. Belgian Congo: Kimuenza. — grisescens
Auriv. differs in its smaller size and the dark grey ground-colour of both the body and wings. Only the
discal area of the forewing is feebly coloured reddish-brown. The white filling of the discalline of the forewing
is almost entirely absent. $ unknown. South Cameroon.

The two following species I could not examine, but probably they belong to Pseudolyra and they are therefore
appended here.

Ps. (?) leucocyma Hmps. (37 d). <$. The upper surface is sufficiently recognisable from the figure.
Forewing beneath with a bent transverse line in the centre and indistinct submarginal small lunae. Hindwing
at the hind-margin light yellowish, the discal line curved, and the small submarginal lunae distinct. Ruwenzori.

Ps. (?) lineadentata B. -Baker. Head and thorax red-brown. Abdomen browner and lighter. Fore¬
wing red-brown with an oblique dentate dark antemedian transverse line. The dark postmedian transverse
line at the costal margin strongly curved and then feebly undulated. A black dentate submarginal line is com¬
posed of a series of small dents between the veins. Hindwing much lighter than forewing. Expanse of wings:
28 mm.“ Angola: N’Dalla-Tando. — This brief description applies to several species.

11. Genus: Lerodes Saalm.

Eyes bare or only partly with very short and fine hairs. Palpi projecting somewhat beyond the frons,
with rough hairs. Antennae of $ at the base with long pectinations gradually getting shorter towards the
apex. Forewing short and broad with a rounded apex; veins 4 and 5 from the same place, 6 and 7 on a
short stalk, 8 from the discal cell, 9 and 10 much longer than their stalk, 9 into the apex. Hindwing with a
feebly curved or almost straight costal margin and a uniformly bent distal margin ; veins 4 and 5 on a long
stalk, basal cell closed by a long cross-vein, but without accessory veins.

L. fulgurita Saalm. (37 d). Thorax and basal portion of forewing deep chestnut-brown. Marginal portion
lighter brown with a violet hue. The marking is to be seen from the figure. Madagascar.

Publ. 1. IV. 1927.

OCHANELLA; NAPTA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

265

I have not been able to examine the three following species and am therefore not certain about their generic

position.

L. alfaohmatus Kenr. (37 cl). ,,Heacl, legs, palpi, antennae, and thorax below light ochreous. Thorax alboluna-
above and abdomen reddish blackish -grey. Forewing smoky chestnut-brown, towards the distal margin lighter
yellowish. A distinct oblique white spot at the end of the discal cell; a slanting dark straight transverse line
touches the outside of the white spot, and nearer to the distal margin there is a curved row of dark dots
being indistinct towards the apex. Hindwing above smoky blackish-grey. Under surface unicoloured greyish-
black. Expanse of wings: 30 mm.“ Madagascar.

L. albosparsatus Kenr. (37 d). ,,Head, legs, antennae, palpi, and thorax dark brown. Abdomen albosparsa
dark brown, somewhat coppery. Fore wing dark brown, towards the distal margin light ochreous, at the hind-
margin some spots of white scales; a curved basal, median, and postmedian dark line. Hindwing ochreous
with darker nebulous spots and with an indistinct dark transverse line. Expanse of wings; 30 mm.“ Mada¬
gascar.

L. vulpicolor Kenr. (37 cl). ,, Head, palpi, legs, antennae, thorax, and abdomen fox-coloured. Forewing vulpicolor.
fox-coloured, at the end of the discal cell with a black, white-centred spot; a dark very oblique postmedian
line is accompanied near the distal margin by a line of small black lunae which are distally convex. Hinclwing
monotonously red-brown. Under surface red-brown; in both wings with a very indistinct median line. Expanse
of wings: 32 mm.“ Madagascar.

12. Genus: Oelianella gen.nov.

Butler, in 1882, described as Ochci hova a Lasiocampida from Madagascar, which however has nothing-
in common with the South American genus Ochci Walk. After having vainly tried to range the species in one
of the genera already known, I have been compelled to erect a new genus for it. It may be, nevertheless,
that it belongs as a 1 to some species of Napta.

Palpi densely haired, projecting a little beyond the frons. Eyes hairy. Forewing short and broad, at
the apex moderately rounded; veins 4 and 5 almost from the same place, 6 and 7 forked, 8 from the apex of
the discal cell or from the stalk of 6 and 7, 9 and 10 longer than their stalk, 9 into the apex. Hindwing
with an almost straight costal margin and curved distal margin; veins 4 and 5 from the posterior angle of the
discal cell; basal cell large, but only closed by a very short cross-vein (as in Napta), and with an accessory
vein. Separated from Anchiritra by the shape of the forewing and the basal cell of the hindwing, from Napta
by the short forewing and the veins 4 and 5 not being forked.

0. hova Butl. (37 e). <$. The very peculiar marking is to be seen from the figure. Hinclwing above hova.
dark brown. Wings beneath brown with a curved dark median band of the hindwing. $ unknown. Madagascar.

13. Genus: ISTapta Guenee.

Palpi of G short, not projecting beyond the frons, in the $ somewhat prolonged. Eyes distinctly hairy.

Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. Hind tarsi with appressed scales. Fore wing oblong with a rounded anal
angle, in the <$ narrower and more tapering than in the? ; veins 4 and 5 almost from the same place, 6 and 7 forked,

8 from the stalk of 6 and 7, 9 and 10 longer than their stalk, 9 into the apex. Hindwing relatively short with
a bent or almost straight costal margin and a bent distal margin; veins 4 and 5 forked; terminal vein of the
discal cell often very fine or indistinct ; vein 7 in the two first species almost from the centre between
the base and vein 6; basal cell closed by a short, often very short cross- vein. Abdomen of <$ coniform with a
long-haired apex. Stages unknown.

N. serratilinea Gn. Much smaller than the ?, only 32 mm. Forewing above red-brown with serratiline
, three blackish transverse lines; the first only angular in the discal cell, the second angular near the costal margin
and then oblique and almost straight as far as the hind-margin, the third parallel with the distal margin and
sharply serrate-dentate; a small discal dot. Hindwing almost black, at the costal margin rust-coloured, and
at the hind- margin broad yellowish ochreous. Fringes very short, yellowish. Wings beneath blackish, coated
with brownish, and with a joint darker transverse line; forewing with a large yellowish anal-marginal spot.

— The ? has an expanse of 45 mm. Forewing bright ochreous, powdered with rust-colour, at the distal margin
more bent than in the but with the same transverse lines. Hindwing lighter yellow, without the rust-brown
powdering, in the centre with an almost straight brown transverse line. Madagascar.

N. solida Saalm. (?) (37 e). Size and shape of wings very similar to serratilinea. Palpi whitish solida.
except the apex. Head, antennae, collar, and abdomen reddish-grey; dorsum and legs red-brown. Forewing
above brownish-red with a yellow spot at the end of the discal cell in area 5, a similar double spot in 1 b
and 2 and yellow scaled spots on the outside of the submarginal line (particularly in area 5); the three usual
transverse lines are brown or blackish, but hardly noticeable. Hindwing above reddish-grey, at the costal

XIV

34

266

LIBETHRA; BOROCERA. By Dr. C. Aurivillits.

straminea.

jejuna.

brunnea.

-punctillata.

cajani.

margin red-brown, at the hind-margin light grey without markings. Fringes short, unicoloured, brownish-red.
Wings beneath reddish-grey without markings. This little Gonometina occurs in the collections as . .Lasiocarnpa
parvinota MabB (in litt.) , but it is probably the $ of N. solida. — The £ (37 e) is much larger and chiefly
differs from the $ of N. serratilinea only in the large silvery white discal spot surrounded by dark brown in
the forewing. Madagascar.

N. straminea Auriv. (— eborea Tams). Structurally very similar to the two preceding species and
certainly better ranged here than in any other genus known. <$. Shape of wings and of body exactly as in the
other <$<$. Unicoloured white with a black eye-circle; forewing above feebly yellowish, beneath in the discal
cell and at the costal margin scaled blackish. Antennae black with yellow pectinations. Expanse of wings:
36 to 40 mm. — $ larger, about 50 mm, otherwise similar to the A, but with darker tarsi and anterior tibiae.
This peculiar species being separated from all the other Gonometinae by the colouring and marking was discovered
by Henry E. Irving near Bloemfontein in the Orange Free State.

14. Genus; Xdbethra Saalm.

This genus is very closely allied to the following Borocera Bsd. and merely differs in the eyes being
distinctly hairy also in the $$, and the hindwing showing a uniformly bent distal margin. As Saalmuller,
in establishing his genus Libethra, had no specimens of Borocera cajani at hand, L. jejuna must be regarded
as the type of the genus. If, as is asserted now, the shape of the A hindwing may vary in the same species
(of course not only in hybrids), the most essential difference becomes untenable, and Libethra must then
certainly be united with Borocera.

L. jejuna Saalm. d (37 e) need not be described more accurately. The $ is unknown. Madagascar. —
brunnea Saalm. d (37 e) only differs in the somewhat darker ground-colour and the absence of the subbasal
transverse band of the fore wing. $ not surely known. Madagascar.

L. punctillata Saalm. (37 e). d- Also here it suffices to refer to the figure. 0 unknown. Madagascar.

L. cajani V ins. ( = bibindandy Camb.) d- Distal margin of hindwing rounded. Forewing above
varying between red-brown and reddish grey with the usual three transverse lines and a discal dot being darker ;
the first transverse line is often indistinct or absent, the second fine red-brown, the submarginal line formed of
smaller or larger grey or blackish scaled spots. Expanse of wings: 42 mm. — $. Much larger, about 72 mm,
very light whitish-grey or ash-grey; the subbasal transverse line is distinct and angular, the discal line dark
brown, the submarginal line composed of grey, distally open bows or irregular spots; discal dot brown. Hindwing
unicoloured. — This species as well as some species of Borocera are used by the inhabitants of Madagascar for
the production of silks. The larva lives on a Leguminosa (Cytisus cajan L.). A reliable description of it, however,
is unknown to me. Cf. however Borocera madagascariensis\

15. Genus: ISoroeera Bsd.

Palpi short, not or hardly projecting beyond the frons, with appressed scales in the A, somewhat bristly
hairs in the $; last joint small, knob-shaped. Antennae of S the basal half with long, then shorter
pectinations, in the $ with very short pectinations. Forewing of S long, narrow and pointed, of $ broader
and less pointed; veins 4 and 5 rise near each other; 6 and 7 forked, 8 from the stalk of 6 and 7, 9 and 10
on a longer or shorter stalk, 9 into the apex. Hindwing of '■ costal margin bent at the base, then often straight,
apex sharp, distal margin straight or even somewhat concave (between the apex and vein 2 or 3); in the $
the costal margin is feebly bent and the distal margin uniformly rounded; vein 3 free and veins 4 and 5 on
a short stalk from the posterior angle of the discal cell; the basal cell has 2 (or 3) distinct accessory veins
and is closed by a moderately long cross-vein.

The larvae are armed with sharp black needles which, however, are not scattered over the whole body
as in the larvae of Gonometa, but they occur almost only on the decorative spots of the second and third segments;
The cocoon is elliptic and everywhere armed with the sharp larval needles. All of them must be removed before
the cocoons are utilized.

It is a very remarkable fact that no life-like figures of the larvae exist so far nor any systematically
or scientifically serviceable treatise on this interesting genus. Tire SS seem to be very variable and, for the
present, we cannot say whether they are different species, races, or their hybrids, and it is still more impossible
to decide which belong to the AS- Nor are hardly any figures serviceable, because they are finished
in a too inaccurate or careless way.

BQROCERA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

267

B. madagascariensis Bsd. (37 f). The first descriptions and figures of this species were published madagascu
in 1833 by Boisduval. The descriptions are brief and the figures of a rather inaccurate finish, but they were
correctly determined as reproductions of the well-known silk-moth of Madagascar. This importance, however,
was evidently unknown to Boisduval, and probably he had only one couple at hand, since he does not mention
anything about the great variability of the two sexes. — <$. According to Boisduval, the wings are dark reddish
cinnamon-coloured without any marking; head, thorax, and abdomen are similarly coloured. A single specimen
of this exterior is before me from Fianarantsoa ; I only wish to remark that the forewing shows a dark streak
at the end of the discal cell, and the hindwing is darker brown and less reddish. The other CS differ more or
less in their colour or marking. All of them, however, exhibit the same shape of the wings and very finely
white-edged fringes. The distal margin of the narrow fore wing is uniformly curved between the apex and vein
5, at vein 5 or between 5 and 4 very feebly emarginated and then straight or slightly bent as far as the anal
angle; anal margin somewhat curved, directly passing over into the distal margin. Hindwing almost triangular;
the costal margin being convex at the base becomes straight distally and, at the apex of vein 7, it forms a distinct
angle with the straight or even somewhat concave distal margin; anal angle roundish. The following races
(hybrids or species ?) of the $ can be distinguished for the present. — cervina var. n. <$. Wings and body light cervina.
fawn-coloured or reddish fawn-coloured, thorax sometimes almost grey; forewing above without any markings
or with a small dark discal dot and faint traces of a sub marginal line. Hindwing above and both wings beneath
in the centre darkened. — signata var. n. <$. Thoracal dorsum varying between reddish-grey and grey. Forewing signata.
above reddish-grey or greyish-brown, at the apex strewn with violet scales; the discal dot (black, sometimes
centred with whitish), the distal transverse line (oblique, almost straight, brown), and the submarginal line
(formed of small spots or lunae) distinct, though not very prominent; the first, subbasal transverse line indistinct
or absent. Hindwing above dark brown or blackish. Both wings beneath red-brown, centre darkened. — cineras- cinerascens
ceils var. n. <§ (35 b) has an expanse of 50 mm and is thus somewhat larger than the three other forms showing
an expanse of 40 to 43 mm. Head, thorax, and upper surface of fore wing mouse-coloured; forewing between
the discal line and submarginal line and at the hind-margin feebly reddish or brownish. Forewing above marked
exactly as in signata. Hindwing above blackish grey with somewhat lighter veins. Both wings beneath dark
greyish-brown, in the centre blackish. Abdomen red-brown. — A. Conte, in his work (Essai de classif. cles
Lepid. producteurs de soie, 6. t. 12 f.l, 10, 11, 1909), figures three forms of the $ ; but I have not seen any similarly
coloured or marked species. — The 9? are much larger and show a ground-colour varying between almost
white, light grey, blackish-grey, reddish-grey or light fawn-coloured. The discal dot, the distal transverse line,
and the submarginal line of the forewing above are always distinctly brown or blackish; the subbasal transverse
line, however, is often indistinct or absent in the whitish or grey forms, but in the fawn-coloured or reddish forms
thick and distinctly brown, as also Boisduval has figured them. The hindwings are either on both sides
unicoloured without markings, or they exhibit a dark median shadow or transverse band. As it is impossible,
without studies in nature, to decide which forms of the CS and 9$ belong together, I preferred not to
denominate the female forms. — striata Conte is described as a <$, but according to the figure it is surely a striata.
small 9- ,, Forewing divided by two dark transverse lines, one of which is oblique and divides the wing into
two zones as in var. vinsoni ; the proximal transverse line is somewhat less distinct [not so in the figure]. The
distal somewhat lighter zone exhibits a dark, irregularly undulated transverse line. Hindwing unicoloured
dark [in the figure bright red-brown, at the costal margin lighter!]. Expanse of wings: 60 mm.“ — The eggs
are somewhat flattened, whitish. The larva is somewhat flattened down, laterally with longer hair, and on
each side of the decorative spots armed with a group of crowded black needles which can be turned out. The
body is dark, dotted black [according to a specimen in alcohol] and shows on the dorsum of the eleventh segment
a light, oblong, triangular spot. It lives on various plants of Madagascar and is cultivated in the open air.

Those being desirous of full particulars about the silk-culture of the inhabitants of Madagascar may be recom¬
mended to read a statement of Sikora in Societas Entomologica 6 p. 179 (1892), and the reports by Conte
in the work mentioned above.

B. castanea sp. n. <§. Body and wings above and beneath intensely chestnut-brown; palpi a little castanea.
lighter. Antennae black with yellowish grey pectinations. Forewing somewhat broader than in the C3 of rnada-
gascariensis and with a feebly though uniformly bent distal margin ; subbasal transverse line indistinct ; a hardly
noticeable dark dot at the end of the discal cell; distal transverse line distinct, straight, dark red-brown;
marginal portion outside of that line a little lighter, greyish-brown, without sub marginal spots. Apex of hindwing
’ rounded, distal margin only between the veins 6 and 2 quite straight. Fringes brown, very finely bordered
with white. Both wings beneath in the centre with a joint dark nebulous transverse band. Expanse of wings
50 mm. 9 unknown. Madagascar: Majunga.

B. bibitldatidy ( Camb .) Conte is, according to Conte, the species being the most frequently used as bibindandy
silk-moth. In what way the <$ differs from those of madagascariensis , is not stated, but judging from the very
inaccurate figure it differs in the rounded distal margin of the hindwing. The 9= however, is recognisable by

268

GASTROMEGA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

madinylca .

margine-

punctaia.

pelias.

arenicoloris.

punctifera.

badia.

cervicolora.

cowani.

the subbasal transverse band of the forewing forming an inwardly open bow, whereas in madagascariensis it
is sharply angled. If this difference is maintainable, the $ figured by Boisdttval belongs to bibindandy. Mada¬
gascar.

B. madinyka ( Camb .) Conte is another species denominated by Cambotte, but only described and
figured by Conte in 1909. <§ not described. Head and thorax violettish-brown ; abdomen chestnut-brown,
on the sides yellowish [in the figure these parts of the body are almost grey!]. ,,Forewing with a dark chestnut-
brown ground-colour, at the distal margin coated with violet; the proximal transverse line is short, near the
costal margin angular, indistinct, yellow; a very small white dot encircled with black at the end of the discal
cell11; the distal transverse line is in the figure almost straight, of a bright yellow, the veins of the marginal
portion are yellowish. ,, Hindwing greyish chestnut-brown, at the hind-margin lighter. Under surface monoton¬
ously chestnut brown; hindwing with a straight transverse line. Fringes light grey. Expanse of wings: 82 mm.“
Madagascar.

The following species differ from the preceding ones in the submarginal line of the forewing being broken up
into small jet-black dots often arranged in two irregular lines. The eyes are distinctly hairy.

B. marginepumetata Guer. (37 e). G- Wings shaped as in B. madagascariensis. Head, thorax, and
forewing of a bright red-brown or yellowish brown. Forewing above with a black discal dot, indistinct transverse
lines and black dots before the distal margin. Hindwing above blackish, at the costal margin of a bright brown
like the forewing, with a straight and distinct boundary of the colours. The $ is larger (50 to 64 mm) and quite
differently coloured. Body and forewing yellowish brownish -grey ; forewing with a black discal dot and dark
transverse lines; the space between the distal transverse line and the sub marginal dots is generally filled with
blackish-grey from the hind-margin to vein 5, whereby a dark transverse band is formed. Hindwing above
blackish-grey, at the base lighter without markings. Wings beneath monotonously yellowish-brown without
markings; the markings of the upper surface, however, feebly show through. Madagascar.

B. pelias Mob. $ differs from that of B. marginepunctata only in the transverse lines of the forewing
being absent and the fringes being reddish. Probably only a form of that species. The $ described by Mabille
and figured by Conte (the figure does not correspond with Mabille’s description) seems to me to be a form
of B. madagascariensis Madagascar.

B. arenicoloris Butt. Similar to the <$ of marginepunctata, but thorax and forewing with a greyish-
yellowish (sand-coloured) ground-colour; forewing above at the hind-margin as far as the submarginal dots
with red-brown hair. Hindwing above sooty-brown, at the costal margin lighter yellowish-grey. The §, accord¬
ing to Butler’s description, is similar to that of marginepunctata. Expanse of wings: 50 (<J) to 80 ($) mm.
Madagascar.

B. punctifera Mab. 3 unknown. $. Eorewing reddish rusty brown with a black discal dot, from
the apex to the anal angle a row of distinct black dots being posteriorly irregular, arranged in two rows; nearer
at the base there are in the posterior portion of the centre of the wing two dark transverse lines not pro¬
jecting beyond the discal cell. Hindwing blackish-grey. Wings beneath dark rust-coloured with traces of black
dots before the distal margin of the forewing. Body similarly coloured, of a strong structure. Antennal pinnae
very short. Expanse of wings: 72 mm.

16. Genus: Cwastromega Saalm.

Although Gastromega and Libethra are placed by Kirby to the Lasiocampidae and Borocera to the
Pinaridae, these genera are very closely allied and scarcely distinctly discernible. Structurally, Gastromega
cori'esponds entirely with Borocera. Eyes bare or almost bare. Antennae as in Borocera. Body stouter and
stronger than in Borocera. The apex of the 3 hindwing is rounded and its distal margin is hardly quite straight.
Both wings beneath with a dark median band. Borocera castanea seems to me to form a distinct transition
between the two genera. Stages unknown.

G. badia Saalm. G (37 f). Colour, marking, and shape of wings are exactly reproduced by the figure.
The $ (37 f) is much larger, with a whitish streak at the end of the discal cell, thicker brown transverse
lines, and a more distinct submarginal line composed of small crescents. Madagascar: Nossi-Be.

G. cervicolora Saalm. unknown. The $ (37 f) is lighter than that of badia, fawn-coloured with
a dark central dot of the forewing and without a submarginal line or but faint traces of it. Madagascar : Nossi-Be.

G. cowani Butl. is evidently similar to cervicolora and is described as follows : Light fox-coloured ;

forewing in the first quarter with a feebly curved red-brown transverse line and at the last third with a similarly
coloured transverse line parallel with the distal margin; between these transverse lines at the end of the discal
cell a small black spot; marginal third with a silky gloss, somewhat lighter than the rest of the wing, and in

HENOMETA; PACHYMETA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

269

the centre with a row of small indistinct submarginal lunae. Hindwing at the hind-margin whitish, across
the centre with a broad dark nebulous band. Antennae black with yellow pinnae. Wings beneath reddish
sand-coloured, with a postmedian, feebly undulated brown band, at the hind-margin lighter and with a slight
silky gloss. Expanse of wings: 52 mm.“ ,,£ somewhat larger than the d1, sand-coloured whitish with more
indistinct markings. Expanse of wings: 59 mm.“ Madagascar.

G. (?) sordida Mab. dingy fawn-coloured; wings clothed with thick scales, as if they were mealy; sordida.
a rather indistinct reddish transverse line parallel with the distal margin proceeds from the costal margin.

Hindwing paler without markings with lighter fringes. Wings beneath more reddish; hindwing lighter with a
semicircular red transverse band. Body similarly coloured. — $ larger, reddish-grey with an indistinct trans¬
verse line. Antennae black, filiform. Expanse of wings: 70 (G) to 80 (^) mm. Madagascar.

17. Genus: SBeiMimeta gen. nov.

Closely allied with the genus Pachymeta, but separated by the vein 8 of the forewing rising from the
stalk of 6 and 7. Antennae with long pinnae which are in the $ but slightly shorter than in the The basal
cell of the hindwing has but one accessory vein proceeding from the centre of the cell. Forewing of d with
an almost straight, of £ with a curved distal margin; veins 4 and 5 from the same place. 6 and 7 on
a long stalk; 9 and 10 longer than their stalk, 9 into the apex. Hindwing with a rounded distal margin; veins

4 and 5 on a short stalk, 3 from the posterior angle of the cliscal cell. Hind tarsi with appressed scales.

5 without anal wool.

H. clarki Auriv. (40 e). d- Head, thorax, legs, and forewing above red-brown. Abdomen reddish clarki.
grey or fawn-coloured. Forewing above with the three usual transverse lines and the discal dot dark, sometimes
indistinct; the first transverse line feebly undulate, almost erect; the discal line almost straight, at the posterior
margin feebly curved, at the costal margin indistinct; submarginal line almost coherent. Hindwing fawn-
coloured, at the hind-margin with reddish hair. The $ is much larger, 60 to 62 mm, with a stout abdomen;
wings coloured and marked almost as in the d- Natal.

H. (?) cuprea Dist. ,,$. Body and legs more or less chestnut brown; abdomen above light brownish, cuprea.
Antennae black with yellow pectinations. Forewing above greyish-brown with a reddish and darker intermixture ;
a curved, narrow, oblong, reddish spot at the end of the discal cell and an undulating, broken, reddish submarginal
band; posterior margin at the base blackish. Hindwing light reddish-brown. Wings beneath lighter than above,
almost monotonously reddish -yellow. Expanse of wings: 82 mm.'“ Transvaal. — This species being unknown
to me is, according to Tams, closely allied with H . clarki.

18. Genus: Psichymeta Auriv.

Palpi not or hardly projecting beyond the frontal hair, covered with appressed hair, with a small, knob¬
shaped terminal joint. Antennae long, straight or almost straight, in the d with long, outward gradually
shortening pinnae, in the $ at the base with very shoit. dentiform pinnae gradually lengthening towards the
apex. Eyes bare or almost bare. Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. Hind tarsi long, with appressed scales.

Forewing more ($) or less (<$) pointed, with a curved distal margin and rounded anal angle; veins 4 and 5 from
the posterior angle of the discal cell. 6 and 7 on a short stalk, 8 from the discal cell, 9 and 10 much
longer than their stalk, 9 into the apex of the wing. Hindwing with an almost straight costal margin and broadly
rounded distal margin; veins 4 and 5 on a short stalk; basal cell at least with one strong accessory vein often
proceeding from the centre, closed by a long cross-vein.

P. contraria Walk. (= massilia Drc.) (38 b). The characteristic marks of the G are shown in the contraria.
figure. The $ is still larger with a more pointed forewing and black ground-colour of the abdomen. The
cocoon is large, oblong, and enclosed in a veil of a wrhite silk-web . Cameroon to the Congo District.

P. robusta Auriv. (38 b) is an easily recognisable species. In the still larger $ the hindwing is much robusta.
darker, montonously red-brown. Mashona Land and Rhodesia.

P. purpurascens Auriv. = reussi Strand ) (38 e). The figure of the $ of reussi Strand being repro- purpuras-
duced here exactly corresponds with the of P. purpurascens. The $ (= marwitzi Strand) differs, as the figure cen

shows, but little from the <$ . Mashona Land and former German East Africa.

P. flavia Faroe. (38 e) is similar to purpurascens but smaller, with a larger discal spot and lighter flavia.
markings of the forewing. British East Africa: Kedai.

P. capreolus Auriv. (38 b) is a plainly marked species distinguished from all the others by the caprcolus.
violettish-grey ground-colour of the thorax and forewings. The $ is larger but otherwise similar to the G; its
antennae beginning from the base with short pinnae. Nyassa Land.

270

PACHYMETOIDES; PACHYMETANa. By Dr. C. Aueiyillius.

simplex. P. simplex Auriv. (38 e). A. Eorewing beneath particularly in the centre reddish, lighter than above

and without a discal dot. Hindwing beneath whitish, with a reddish transverse line being almost angularly
incurved in the areas 3 and 4. $ unknown. Madagascar: Diego Suarez.

semifascia- P. semifasciata Auriv. A- Head, thorax, and forelegs dark chestnut brown. Abdomen above at the

ia‘ base with reddish-yellow hair, then as far as the apex with a broad almost golden yellow longitudinal band
and 5 blackish transverse bands on each side. Forewing above red-brown with a tiny black discal dot and two
blackish double transverse lines being filled with a lighter brown; the first double line is almost quite straight,
neither dentate nor undulated, vertical towards the costal margin; the second double line is feebly dentate
or undulated, slightly curved, beginning at the centre of the costal margin and nearing the first transverse
line at the posterior margin; about 5 mm distant from the distal margin an indistinct scalariform submarginal
line as usual formed of oblique streaks. Fringes very short, entirely margined. Hindwing above yellowish,
at the costal margin as far as vein 6 broadly brown, at the liind-margin with reddish hair; a little behind the
centre an almost straight brown nebulous band directed towards the apex of the wing; outside of this band
the wing and the fringes are unicoloured yellowish. Expanse of wings: 45 mm. Belgian Congo: Kimuenza.

19. Genus : Pachymetoides Strand.

Only separated from Pachymeta by the basal cell of the hindwing being without any accessory
veins. Eyes bare. Vein 8 of forewing from the discal cell. Antennal pinnae of $ short, in the basal third only
serrate-dentate .

siigmatica. P. stigmatica Strand. unknown. $ (38 c) coloured very much like that of Pachymeta contraria.

Forewing with a white discal dot and a sharply angled black sub marginal line. Hindwing above with a blackish
transverse band. Gabun and Nigeria.

20. Genus: I*aeliymetaiia Strand.

This genus is also very closely allied with Pachymeta, but it differs in the absence of the accessory veins
of the hindwing and in the vein 8 of the fore wing rising from the stalk of the veins 6 and 7. Eyes bare or almost
bare. Antennae of $ as far as the base with short, rarely somewhat longer pinnae.

Larger species tire $ $ of which are similar to Gonometa and have white hindwings broadly margined with black.

niveoplaga. P. niveoplaga Auriv. S unknown. The $ (38 c) was by mistake described as a Gonometa. Eorewing

beneath monotonously blackish -brown, at the base of the posterior margin broadly white, otherwise without
any marking. Hindwing beneath almost as above, at the costal margin as far as the discal cell blackish-brown.
According to A. Schultze, the larva is similar to that of Odonestis pruni by the broadly extended, fishtail-like
held anal feet. The dorsal side, particularly of the three first segments, is set with single short black prickly
hairs which, however, are not erect, but closely appressed, irregularly arranged in all directions. The anal feet
as well as a line extending close above the ventral feet are set with scale-like whitish-grey hairs. On the first
segment there is on each side a large tuft of hairs and scales. On the second joint, extending from in
front to behind, a tufted comb of scale-shaped dark brownish-grey hairs. Groups of similar small hairs form
single small spots scattered over the whole larva. Thoracal and ventral feet dingy claret-coloured, the latter
with greyish-white stripes. Ventrum white with a broad black median stripe; head light brown with darker
markings; stigmata black. It lives in the primary forests on different shrubs of the brushwood. It changes
into a cocoon set with stings. Cameroon, Gabun.

custodita. P. custodita Strand (38 d). Whether this species is different from P. niveoplaga, can only be decided

by comparing several specimens and by the discovery of the <$<$. S unknown. As to the it suffices to refer
melanotica. to the figure. South Cameroon. — ab. melanotica Strand (38 d), as the figure shows, only differs in the darker
and indistinctly marked forewings.

lambomi. P. lam bo mi Auriv. Sexes quite dissimilar. The much smaller $ (38 d) a sooty black with a small white

streak at the end of the discal cell and indistinct grey sub marginal streaks. The $ (38 c) is much larger and very
similar to the $$ of the two other species. Nigeria: Lagos.

PACHYMETANA. By Dr. C. Aurivillius.

27 1

Smaller species. The with a frequently large silvery spot at the end of the discal cell of the forewing. The
are very similar to the <$$, with unicoloured yellow or reddish hmdwings. The species of this group correspond
in the neuration with the typical species of Pachymetana of the first group, but in the marking and habitus they differ
rather considerably. Tams recently placed them to the genus Hypotrabala. The larvae are still unknown. Whether the
three species newly described by Tams belong hereto, I do not know.

P. neavei Auriv. £ (38 a). Chest and ventrum red-brown. Forewing beneath reddish with indistinct neavei.
markings. Hindwing beneath as above. The $ is larger (about 59 mm) with more oblong and pointed forewings,
the discal spot of which is blackish with a grey centre; its submarginal band is thicker and darker. Hindwing
and abdomen coloured as in the Nyassa Land.

P. guttata Auriv. (38 a) is distinguished by the distinctly prominent marking and clear colouring guttata.
of the <$. $ unknown. Gold Coast.

P. argenteoguttata Auriv. (38 a). Although in the only specimen examined of this species vein 8 of the argenteogui-
forewing rises exactly from the anterior angle of the discal cell and the basal cell of the hindwing shows a very iaia'

short and feeble accessory vein, yet I place the species hereto, because it is evidently closely allied with the
others. The figure suffices to recognise the $. The $ is unknown. South Africa.

P. horridula Tams. Palpi, head, and thorax yellowish-brown with a dark admixture. Abdomen varying horridula.
from tan-colour to salmon-colour. Forewing yellowish brown, profusely spotted with dark brown and blackish
brown, costal margin and distal-marginal portion tan-coloured yellow, veins speckled with yellowish; the first
transverse line is double, undulating, blackish, vertical towards the costal margin, angular at the discal cell
and then vertical towards the centre of the posterior margin ; a large lustrous white reniform spot surrounded
with black is at the end of the discal cell ; the discal transverse line is double, undulating, blackish, curved between
the costal margin and vein 5, then at first parallel with the distal margin and hereafter with the subbasal
line as far as the posterior margin ; the submarginal line is indistinctly distally notched with the tips on the
veins. Fringes blackish -grey. Hindwing light yellowish, a little coated with reddish, at the costal margin
coloured like the fore wing. Expanse of wings: 46 mm. The $ is similar to the (J, but instead of the white
discal spot of the forewing it has a black ring-spot filled with the ground-colour. Expanse of wings: 70 to
74 mm. North-West Rhodesia. — seydeli Tams. <$. Hindwing salmon-coloured. Abdomen cinnamon-brown, seydeli.
at the base salmon-coloured. Forewing above and beneath reddish. $. Hindwing red-brown. Expanse of
wings: 52 (rf) to 70 mm. Belgian Congo.

P. joiceyi Tams. Palpi yellowish-brown, above chestnut-brown. Head and thorax (for the greatest joiceyi.
part) chestnut-brown. Abdomen above tan-coloured yellow, beneath reddish-yellow. Forewing parted in
two by an irregular line extending from the apex to the centre of the posterior margin; the basal portion
is orange-yellow, speckled with red, and encloses the double mahogani-coloured first transverse line which
is shaped exactly as in horridula', at the end of the discal cell a lustrous white spot surrounded by red scales;
the discal transverse line is also double and mahogani-coloured, it begins at the costal margin above the
white discal dot, from where it runs vertically to the costal margin as far as vein 7, where it bends round,
almost parallel to the distal margin as far as vein 7, then being interrupted and finally extending from vein
2 to the posterior margin. The above mentioned oblique line proceeding from the apex and parting the
surface of the forewing is twice bent in the anterior portion and is behind, from vein 4 to the posterior margin,
closely adjacent to the discal transverse line ; at the posterior margin outside of the discal line there is an almost
quadrangular chestnut-brown spot almost reaching the anal angle ; the rest of the marginal portion is grey
or violettish-grey and encloses three mahogani-coloured, yellow-speckled submarginal spots of the areas 4
to 6. Fringes violettish-grey with small yellowish spots at the ends of the veins. Hindwing yellowish, at the
costal margin red-brown. Expanse of wings: 50 mm. Chari-Tsad District. The species evidently differs from
all the others in the slanting line of partition on the fore wing.

P. dollmanni Tams. <$. Palpi yellowish ochreous, on the outside reddish. Frons antimony-coloured, dollmanni.
in the centre red-spotted. Thorax antimony-coloured, with reddish stripes. Abdomen antimony-coloured,
above at the base orange-yellow. Forewing reddish cinnamon-brown, speckled with yellowish, with four almost
parallel and straight,- almost equidistant, oblique, snuff-coloured transverse bands, and an Isabel-coloured
submarginal band which is broader at the apex of the wing, narrower towards the anal angle, and distally sharply
angled with the tips on the veins. Hindwing antimony -coloured, at the costal margin and apex reddish or
brownish. Expanse of wings: 50 mm. — $. Quite similar to the <J, but larger (68 mm), and the fore wing beneath
in the basal half clad with long hair-like scales. North West Rhodesia.

P. nyassana Auriv. <$ unknown. The $ ( 39 a) differs from the other species of the genus in the pectinations nyassanc.
of the quite black antennae being moderately long and apically gradually shortening. Head, thorax, and
forewing above fawn-coloured or yellowish-grey. Abdomen above light yellowish, beneath darker. Hindwing
light unicoloured yellow, at the costal margin often narrowly darkened. Forewing pointed with a very feebly
bent distal margin; above with double, brownish -grey, undulating transverse lines, a tiny black discal dot and
scalariform sub marginal line which is sometimes darkened in front; all these markings are not very distinct.

Nyassa Land and Manow in German East Africa.

j mquioinc
ta

vmbrina

matuta.
apelensis .

audea.

utcscens.

272 PEHRIA; LEPTOMETA; MALLOCAMPA. By Dr. C. Aukivillius.

I append here A species having been described as Nadiasa (?). It only differs in the distinctly hairy eyes
from the generic marks.

P. sanguicincta Auriv. (40 d). Antennae black with yellow pectinations. Head and thorax yellowish
greyish -brown ; sides of thorax and the first abdominal segment above with hemochrome hair. Abdomen with
golden yellow hair, with black lateral spots. Fore wing above coloured like the thorax, with undulating or
somewhat notched blackish-grey transverse lines and a small black central dot; the first transverse line is
indistinct, the second very prominent, almost black; submarginal line composed of almost free nebulous spots;
space between the discal and submarginal transverse lines filled with dark grey. Fringes lighter brown, very
feebly undulately margined. Hindwing light yellow, at the hind-margin with yellow hair and at the costal
margin narrowly darkened by reddish. Mashona Land: Salisbury.

21. Genus: Strand (Parameta Auriv.).

Eyes densely hairy. Antennae of $ as far as the apex with moderately long pinnae. Tarsi with appressed
scales. Wings entirely margined, with a curved distal margin. Forewing elongate, pointed; veins 4 and 5
separated, 6 and 7 forked, 8 from the apex of the discal cell; 9 and 10 much longer than their stalk, 9 into
the costal margin. Hindwing with a straight costal margin; veins 4 and 5 stalked, 7 from the centre of
the anterior edge of the discal cell ; basal cell without accessory veins, closed by a long cross-vein.

P. umbrina Auriv. (40 e). Antennae black. Body above and wings unicoloured dark umber -brown.
Forewing with a white spot at the end of the discal cell. Body beneath rust-brown. $ unknown. Kudu.

22. Genus : Jje jitometa gen. nov.

Eyes bare. Palpi somewhat projecting beyond frons. Antennae of $ with moderately long pectinations.
Hind tarsi long and slender, with appressed scales. Wings entirely margined. Forewing with a sharp apex,
and the distal margin being straight as far as vein 3; its posterior margin clad with moderately long, somewhat
scale-like hairs; veins 4 and 5 free from the posterior angle, 6 and 7 stalked from the apex of the discal
cell, 8 free from the discal cell; 9 and 10 as long as their stalk or shorter, 9 into the apex. Hindwing
with an almost straight costal margin; veins 4 and 5 on a long stalk, 7 rising nearer to the apex than to
the base of the cell ; basal cell large without any developed accessory veins (a very short one is noticeable
before the centre). The only species known was described as Gonometa.

L. matuta Schs. d unknown. The $ (40 e) is known to me only from the figure. Sierra Leone. —
sapeSensis var. nov. $. Lighter with white uniformly rounded hindwings. The forewing is thinly scaled, powdered
with brownish, the transverse lines are less distinct, only undulated, almost straight and much more divergent
towards the costal margin; the distal line i sdouble; the submarginal line is more distinct than in Schaus’
figure, but otherwise similar. It is questionable whether it is a distinct species. — Nigeria: Sapele.

23. Genus: Malloeampa Auriv.

Palpi straightly porrect, strong, with almost appressed hair, only slightly projecting beyond the frontal
hair. Eyes hairy. Antennae of $ with long, of $ with moderately long pinnae. Distal margin and fringes in
both wings feebly though distinctly undulate. Forewing oblong with a sharp, in the $ often, extended apex
and a quite round anal angle, so that the distal margin and the posterior margin together form an uninterrupted
bow; veins 4 and 5 rise close together, 6 and 7 on a short stalk, 8 free from the discal cell, 9 and 10 much
longer than their stalk. 9 into the apex of the wing. Hindwing with an almost straight costal margin and a
very round distal margin; vein 3 free, 4 and 5 stalked from the posterior angle of the discal cell, 7 behind the
centre of the anterior edge of the discal cell; basal cell large with a long cross- vein, but without accessory
veins. The discal dot of the forewing is invariably small and white.

The only larva hitherto known differs from all the other Gonometinae- larvae described in the cylindrical
body and the absence of the decorative spots. Although the differences of the lepidoptera appear to be slight,
yet the genus is probably quite a natural one. The sexes differ but little from each other.

M. audea Drc. (= gabunica Auriv. = lutescens Holl.). 3 (39 a) is figured from the type of gabunica.
The $ was copied from the $ of lutescens Holl. and most kindly communicated by Dr. Holland. We must
state that the surroundings of the anal angle of the forewing is often light yellowish; ab. lutescens Holl. (35 c,d).
Old Calabar, Cameroon, Gabun, Ogowe. The larva is above chestnut-brown, finely marbled with blackish-
brown, with a coherent, sharply defined, yellowish white dorsal line and a lighter lateral band from which

Pitbl. 15. VII. 1927.

GASTROPLAKAEIS. By Dr. C. Aurtvillius.

on the joints 4 to 10 two light oblique streaks rise into the brown ground-colour. Body everywhere, though
scantily, set with long soft hairs which are dorsally blackish, laterally white; the joints 1 to 5 are besides rather
densely set above with short fine dark brown bristly hairs; in the median line most of these bristly hairs are
white and apically somewhat expanded; on each side of the dorsum of the joints 1 to 3 there is also a small
pencil of such white hairs. The joints 6 to 9 are in the dorsal line decorated with a small black pencil which
is defined by white hairs in front and behind. On the last joints there are generally only short white scale-
hairs in the dorsal line. First joint on each side with two longer, slantingly porrect pencils. Cocoon parchment¬
like, oviform.

M. im mu ft da Roll. (39 a), as the figures sent by Dr. Holland show, is closely allied with andea , immunda.
but darker and without the grey subapical spots which are generally distinct in andea. Ogowe.

M. leucophaea Holl. (39 b) is also similar to M. audea, but still darker, and its forewing at the distal lencophant
margin broad violettish-grey. $ unknown. Ogowe.

M. leighi Auriv. A- Body and wings dark umber brown; abdomen and liind-margin of hindwing teighi.
somewhat lighter. Antennae blackish with yellow pectinations. Forewing with a white central dot; the first
and second transverse lines are absent or very indistinct; the sub marginal line forms at the apex, an oblique
row of three distinct blackish spots in the areas 6 to 8. but it is then indistinct and angular between veins
6 and 2; a few whitish scales at the apex of the wing between the distal margin and the submarginal
line. Expanse of wings: 48 mm. — The $ (39 b) is larger, 65 mm. with a sharp, falciformly extended apex of
the forewing. Natal.

M. schultzei Auriv. <$ (40 e). Body blackish-brown; abdomen above dark grey. Tarsi apically with schnitzel.
whitish hairs. Forewing above in the basal half blackish, transverse lines double and at least partly filled with
rust-brown; submarginal line thick and distinct, composed of black streaks on both sides bordered with rust-
brown. Hindwing above at the costal margin as far as vein 6 black with a very distinct demarcation of the
colours, then whitish-grey with a blackish-grey, inwardly indistinctly defined marginal band of about 2 mm
width, and a fine brownish-yellow marginal line. In the colouring of the hindwing this species differs from
all the others known hitherto. $ unknown. South Cameroon.

M. porphyria Holl. is certainly a genuine Mallocampa. The $ is unknown. The (39 c) differs from porphyria.
all the other African Lasiocampidae in the marking of the forewing which exhibits a tiny white discal dot.

Ogowe.

I append here two species described by Strand. They have almost exactly the same generic marks, but never¬
theless they are in my opinion no true species of Mallocampa.

M. (?) alenica Strand. (39 c). d unknown. 2. By the figure, the description is made superfluous. South alenica.
Cameroon: Alen. — A very similar 2 from Nyassa Land I formerly took to be the $ of Pachymetana sangui-
cincta ; it differs, however, from the <§ in the different colouring and marking, as well as in vein 8 of the forewing
rising from the discal cell. From alenica Strand, it is distinguished by its larger size (78 mm), the hindwing being
reddish particularly at the distal margin, and in the broad and complete, distinctly defined submarginal band
of the forewing. Antennae much shorter pectinated than in the genuine Mallocampa This form which is
at least a race of alenica, may be denominated: nyassica. nyassica.

M. punctilimbata Strand. A unknown. The $ (39 c) is only known to me from the figure of the typical punctilim-
specimen reproduced here. South Cameroon: Nkolentangan.

24. Genus: Cwastroplakiteis Mschlr.

Gastroplakaeis is one of the few genera of Gonometinae being distinguished from the others by the anal
margin of the forewing being partly clothed with long scale-like hairs. Eyes bare. Palpi feebly upbent, slightly
projecting beyond frons, with appressed scales. Antennae of A with long, of $ with moderately long pectinations.
Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. Hind tarsi with appressed scales. Forewing elongate with a sharp apex,
a long, curved, undulatingly edged distal margin, entirely rounded anal angle, and short anal margin; the
marking consists of the usual transverse lines which are generally double and waved or notched, of a frequently
black discal dot, and a serpentine, sometimes indistinct submarginal line; veins 4 and 5 rising near each other,
6 and 7 stalked, 8 from the stalk of 6 and 7, 9 and 10 rarely as long as their stalk, generally shorter than it.
9 into the apex of the wing. Hindwing with an almost straight costal margin and a curved distal margin
which is sometimes almost straight in the £ ; veins 4 and 5 shortly stalked, 3 from the anal angle or a little
united with the stalk of 4 and 5; discal cell closed; 7 from near the apex of the cell; basal cell large without
accessory veins. In all the species hitherto known the abdomen of the A G above covered with light hairs, with
black transverse bands or spots.

35

XI\

274

G A ST R OPLAKAEI S . By Dr. C. Attrivillitxs.

jorficulata.

greyi.

rufescens.

punctifera.

schnitzel.

annuligera.

parinarii.

meridio na¬
ils.

G. forficulata Mschlr. $ (41 a). Antennae black with light brown pectinations. Head and thorax
ochreous mixed with brown; thoracal dorsum with smoothly appressed scales. Abdomen above rusty red
with broad black transverse bands. Forewing above ochreous mixed with red-brown, at the base and towards
the apex the darkest; transverse lines wavy or notched, often partly indistinct and double; discal dot black
and distinct. Hindwing with an almost straight distal margin and thereby almost triangular, at the costal
margin as far as vein 7 yellowish-brown, then blackish-brown with yellow veins, at the hind-margin rusty yellow;
its fringe brownish-yellow. Both wings beneath blackish with yellow veins and margins. Anal tuft brownish-
grey. — The $ is probably a form with a brown, smoothly scaled thoracal dorsum speckled with whitish-grey
scales, and blackish-brown hindwings which are broadly ochreous at the base and hind-margin. Abdomen
ochreous with distinct black transverse bands. This form, however, does not agree well with Holland's
description of the $. Gold Coast.

G. greyi Holl. <$. Head and thoracal dorsum whitish-grey; abdomen above orange with seven black
transverse bands and a light yellowish anal pencil. The chest at the bases of the wings, and the metathorax
are orange. Under surface otherwise light whitish-grey. Forewing above like the thorax whitish-grey, at the
distal margin lighter; discal dot black; transverse lines undulating and notched, double or single. Hindwing
with a curved distal margin, dark brown, at the base and hind-margin orange, in the centre with a shortened
dark transverse line and without the latter with a dark nebulous band; veins light. Wings beneath grey with
yellowish veins. Expanse of wings: 80 mm. — The 2 (39 b) is easily recognisable from the figure; it is especially
distinguished by the patagia being at the hincl-margin clad with long and erect hairs. Ogowe.

G. rufescens Auriv. (39 c). unknown. The as the figure shows, is particularly distinguished
by the yellowish-brown ground-colour of the body and wings. West Africa: Asaba.

G. punctifera Riel was described as a Taragama, but it is undoubtedly a Gastroplakaeis. $. Thorax
violettish-reddish, collar reddish -yellow. Abdomen above bright reddish-yellow with black transverse bands
and a yellowish -brown anal pencil. Forewing above with a brownish -yellow ground-colour which is often covered
in the centre with violet, and a black discal dot; first transverse line double, undulated; second transverse
line also double; the proximal line of the first and the distal line of the second transverse line are sometimes
indistinct or absent; the submarginal line is scalariform and composed of blackish streaks or small spots. Hindwing
above brownish-yellow, darker at the hind- margin; its distal margin slightly bent, between the veins 2 and 7
almost straight. Wings beneath yellowish. — Thorax yellowish grey. Abdomen yellow with black transverse
bands. Forewing yellowish ochreous, or more or less darkened by black scales, the markings as in the J. Hindwing
reddish -yellow, at the costal margin and distal margin darkened by black scales. Expanse of wings: 52 to 55
(db 78 to 88 ($) mm. Senegal.

G. schultzei Auriv. <$. Light whitish-grey. Antennae black with yellow pectinations. Abdomen above
golden yellow with 5 broad black transverse bands (at the ends of the joints 2 to 7). Anal tuft whitish-grey.
Forewing whitish grey with a reddish hue and a black dot at the end of the discal cell ; both the transverse
lines are double, wavy, indistinct, of a dark colour; submarginal line indistinct. Hindwing and both wings
beneath whitish-grey without markings. Expanse of wings: 57 mm. — The $ (39 b) is much larger (78 mm)
with distinct markings of the forewings, but without black transverse bands of the abdomen. The larva living
on Combretaceae, chiefly Terminalia, exhibits a whitish-grey skin with a porcelain-like gloss, reticnlately
marbled with dark; stigmata black; head grey with two black streaks. Cocoon set with the larval stings.
Adamaua, discovered by A. Schultze.

G. annuligera Strand. $ (41 b). Forewing reddish fawn-coloured, rather densely and uniformly strewn
with fine light greyish scales, the total colouring more greyish-brown than in rufescens. Blackish, shadow-like,
very indistinct transverse markings similar as in schultzei, but still less distinct and broken up into spots. The
distinctly prominent submargmal band of schultzei is here indistinct, because it is distally not bordered with a
lighter coloui . Hindwing above and both wings beneath uni-coloured fawn. German East Africa: Songea.

G. parinarii Guer. was described as a Lasiocampa, but according to the description it probably belongs
to Gastroplakaeis and might even be identical with schultzei Auriv. Head and thoracal dorsum grey. Forewing
reddish-grey, at the distal margin lighter, above with two notched, blackish transverse bands and between
them with a black discal dot. Hindwing light yellow, at the base somewhat reddish. Abdomen bright yellow,
almost orange, the posterior edge of the joints broadly bordered with black. Forewing beneath greyish-brown,
with light-yellow base and veins. Hind wing beneath, chest and ventrum light yellow. $ more unicoloured
grey, without the reddish hue of the forewing. Hindwing darkened, only at the base somewhat yellowish.
Abdomen red-brown, the joints at the posterior edge slightly darkened. The whole under surface dark smoky.
Larva on a species of Parinarium. Senegal.

G. meridionalis Auriv. The d (40 e) is easily recognisable by the figure. The $ is much larger (about
138 mm). ,.Body very densely clothed with light greyish brown scales and hairs. Head and thorax with inter¬
spersed white scales which are rather densely accumulated on the patagia and in the centre of the dorsum. Legs
deep brownish red. likewise with scattered white scales. Black transverse bands on the abdomen quite absent.

DINOMETA; DIAPALPUS. By Dr. C. Aurjvillius.

275

Forewing above densely clothed with greyish-brown and lustrous white scales, two prediscal and two postdiscal.
narrow brown bands irregularly notched and undulated as in the but very indistinct. The black discocellular
spot is very sharp, circular, surrounded by pure white scales. Hindwing brownish-grey, centrally hyaline,
transparent. Under surface light brownish-grey, both wings only along the costal margin more densely scaled
white and brown. “ Mashona Land. Damara Land.

G. flaveola Closs. <$. ,, Thorax, head, and forewing pale ochreous, forewing with two very faint flaveola.
subbasal transverse bands, two similar postdiscal ones and a strongly notched submarginal pale grey one. The
anal-marginal portion of the cliscal area between the two inner bands slightly powdered with reddish, the stigma
is a tiny black dot. Abdomen beautifully bright yellow with thin black ringlets; the shaggy anal tuft is of
the colour of the thorax. Hindwing pale yellowish, the basal and anal portions bright yellow. “ Senegal.

G. delicatula Auriv. <$ (39 d). Colouring and marking above to be seen from the figure. Wings delicaiula.
beneath darker, blackish-grey with whitish veins; forewing in the centre whitish; hindwing as above at the
hind-margin yellowish. 9 unknown. Gold Coast.

G. rubroaraalis Wichgr. <§. Rather plainly tinted greyish-brown with darker markings, but conspicuous rubroana-
by the characteristic contours of the forewings and a large tuft of long scales on the outer half of the
anal margin of the forewing, as well as by the bright red anal tuft of the abdomen. The feebly undulated distal
margin of the forewing suddenly projects a little at vein 4; the reddish-brown ground-colour speckled with
grey scales is distally somewhat lighter, whereas the very narrow fringes are again darker. The first transverse
line is dark zigzag-shaped and extends from the first third of the costal margin to the centre of the anal margin;

' a blackish-brown, oblong discal dot ; the second transverse line from the centre of the costal margin to the second
third of the anal margin projects the farthest distally at the stalk of the veins 6 and 7. Hindwing at vein 7
sharply angular. Abdomen above blackish lustrous, the base of the rings with a reddish tint. Expanse of wings:

64 mm. £ unknown. Cameroon.

G. idakum B.- Baker. unknown. $ head, frons, and last abdominal segments light orange -grey; idakum.

thorax and abdomen light ochreous grey. Forewing light ochreous grey finely speckled with dark grey; costal
margin and an expanded preapical spot ashy grey; traces of a fine, undulated, grey median line; a similar post¬
median transverse line; submarginal line irregular, slanting, and formed by nebulous spots; a black discal dot.

Hiudwing uni-coloured light straw-colour. Expanse of wings: 60 mm. Nigeria-Lagos. According to Lamborn,
the larvae are light green with a black dorsal band and clothed with short hairs. Thoracal legs bright scarlet. On
being disquieted, the larva throws its front body up and backwards so that the forelegs are upturned. It is
questionable whether it is really a Lasiocampid larva.

25. Genus: gen.nov.

The large species upon which this genus is founded was formerly regarded as a Gastroplakaei s. It differs,
however, obviously from the latter in vein 9 of forewing terminating into the distal margin, and the basal cell
of the hindwing exhibiting a strong accessory vein. Moreover, the stalk of the veins 9 and 10 of the forewing
is much longer than the veins.

D. maputuana Wichgr. <$ (39 d). It suffices to refer the reader to the figure; the thorax is above not maputua-
unicoloured but speckled by wliitish-grey and brown scales. Distal margin of hindwing feebly bent. The $ is n'

much larger (130 mm) and differs in a much smaller discal dot of the forewing and a more bent distal margin
of the hindwing. Portuguese East Africa: Maputo Land.

26. Genus: IMapalpus Strand.

An interesting genus chiefly distinguished from Gastroplakaeis by the marks mentioned in the table
of genera, but exteriorly of a different habitus somewhat similar to the species of Odontocheilopteryx.

Palpi porrect, projecting beyond frons, last joint sloping (3) or longer and more porrect ($). Eyes bare.
Antennae with moderately long, distally gradually shortening pectinations which are in the $ somewhat shorter
than in the Hind tarsi distinctly hairy. Forewing short and broad with an obtuse apex and a bent distal
margin, at the centre of the anal margin clothed with long scale-hairs; veins 4 and 5 separate, 8 from the stalk
of 6 and 7, 9 and 10 on a long stalk, shorter than their stalk, 9 into the apex. Hindwing with an almost
straight costal margin and a bent distal margin: veins 4 and 5 stalked, basal cell broad, but rather short,
without developed accessory veins.

RHYNCHOBOMBYX. By Dr. C. Aubivillius

congrega-

rius.

nasutu.

bilineata.

subulva.

n item.

malgassica.

pattens.

a njulifem.

annulipes.

(jueneana.

Iamatavae.

mustelina.

270

D. congregarius Strand (39 e). Both sexes easily recognisable by the figures. $ with thick grey anal
wool. Larva black with a yellow dorsal line, hairy, living gregariously and pupating in large silky nests. German
East Africa: Iringa and Tanganyika District.

27. Gattuug: if II'VIIcEioIhhiiS^yx Auriv.

Separated from all the other genera of Gonometinae by the long palpi being rostriformly stretched
forward. Cf. also the table of genera on p. 255. Costal margin of hindwing very feebly bent.

Rh. nasuta Auriv. A (39 e) easily discernible by the colouring and marking. $ unknown. Congo
District: Gombi.

Appendix

We append here some Lasiocampidae the generic position of which could not be ascertained. It is even
possible that one or the other does not belong to the Lasiocampidae. The original descriptions are copied here.

.. Bomby.r “ bilineata Mat). Smaller than B. neusiria ; wings reddish: hindwing lighter without markings: fore wing
with two transverse lines, the distal line behind the discal cell parallel with the distal margin; the other line oblique and reaching
the posterior margin near the base: fringes very long, slightly darkened. Senegambia.

,, Bomby ,r“ subulva Mab. Wings oblong, light reddish- yellow, in the centre transparent or whitish; forewing at the
cell-end with a dark dot. Wings beneath yellowish. Body yellowish-red. Antennae black. Abdomen somewhat paler and
prolonged. Senegambia.

.. Eutricha “ nitons Butt. 3- Forewing above dark chestnut- brown, with a silky gloss, at the posterior margin as far
as beyond the centre with yellowish-ochreous and at the anal angle with whitish spots; an almost straight, light subbasal
transverse line bordered with black; a similar, angular, oblique, discal transverse line, and between these transverse lines at
the end of the discal cell an ochreous dot surrounded by black; a submarginal zigzag row of snow-white spots inwardly
bordered with black; marginal portion glossy with a violet reflection. Hindwing light coffee-brown with much lighter fringe,
with a feebly curved black postmedian transverse band and a red-brown marginal line. Thorax above dark violettish-grey ;
abdomen lighter and feebly reddish with dull brown sides and a flesh-coloured spot at each side of the base. Antennae
reddish-yellow. Wings beneath sand-coloured yellow, with an indistinctly defined dark curved postmedian transverse line
enclosing a red-brown stripe. Fringes of forewings at the tips dark brown. Chest reddish violet, ventrum red-brown. Expanse
of wings: 50 mm. Madagascar. It may be = iamatavae Guen.?

. .Gastropacha “ malgassica Kenr. (39 e) is no Gastro pacha, but very similar to certain species of Casmotrichc, which genus,
however, is otherwise not known from the Ethiopian Region.

„Gonometa“ pallens B. -Baker is considered by Hampson to be a Metanastria. „ $. Head and thorax yellowish-grey;
abdomen yellowish creamy. Forewing yellowish grey with a broad, wavy, oblique median transverse band and a still broader
postmedian one which is inwardly distinctly, outwardly indistinctly defined and is very broad at the hind margin, but
narrower above vein 5 ; these two bands are only little lighter than the ground-colour and more smoothly scaled than the
other somewhat rough surface of the wing. Hindwing straw-coloured. Expanse of wings: 96 mm.“ North Eastern Rhodesia.

.. Lasiocampa “ angulifera Walk. ..Brown, beneath lighter. Abdomen yellow, at the base rosy red. at the apex brown.
Porewing with a proximal white band being very much expanded at the costal margin and distally forming a long sharp
angle which encloses the black discal dot and a great part of which is interrupted by a black oblique streak; a few
white and black basal spots; a distal, feebly undulated white transverse line, the veins between this line and the distal margin
whitish. ITindwing grey, at the distal margin light brownish, Expanse of wings about 31 mm.“ South Africa.

,, Lasiocampa “ annulipes Bsd. 3- Wings light greyish-brown; forewing at the costal margin and base darkened. Abdomen
and thorax above with dark hair-tufts. Tarsi black with yellow rings. “ I. of Bourbon. — It is probably no Lasiocampida.
The typical specimen is said to be lost. A Lymantriida?

,. Lasiocampa “ guemeana Mab. $. „Size of Bomby. v rubi L. Head extended. Palpi rostriform as in L. quercifolia L.
Forewing copper-colour strewn with small yellow scales, at the costal margin and the centre of the distal margin reddish;
posterior margin as far as the centre ashy grey; two yellow transverse lines finely bordered with black, the first being undulated
in the basal portion: the other, discal one is bent and of an oblique course; marginal portion with a row of densely arranged
black dots. Hindwing and abdomen beautifully bright red. Thorax coloured like the forewing. Head and palpi above ashy
grey. Antennae crenulated with a white shaft. Madagascar.

. . Lasiocampa" iamatavae Gn, Forewing thick, entirely margined, with a somewhat extended apex, rust-coloured
brown, in the distal half with grey scales, at the base densely clothed with woolly hair; markings indistinct; discal dot light,
surrounded with light; a submarginal double row of black dots which are accompanied near the apex of the wing by spots
of grey scales. Hindwing monotonously rust-coloured with lighter fringe. Under surface unicoloured without markings. Thorax
very hairy, rust-coloured brown. Expanse of wings: 45 mm. — The 2 is larger (55 mm). Forewing not hairy at the base and
speckled with grey, in the anal-marginal half light grey, at the costal-marginal portion rust-coloured, and. at the centre
of the distal margin rusty red; transverse lines light and distinct, bordered with dark; the first is erect and wavy, the second
oblique and bent in an S-shape, between it and the distal margin there are black spots in a curved row. Hindwing monotonously
rusty brown with somewhat darker veins, but otherwise without markings. Under surface with a dark straight transverse
band. Thorax coloured like forewing ; head grey with at least twice as long palpi which are above grey, laterally black. Abdomen
very stout, coloured like hindwing. Antennae with very short pectinations.*4 Madagascar.

,. Lebeda mustelina Dist. Body and forewing yellowish-brown; hindwing feebly reddish. 3- Forewing with three
very indistinct transverse lines; the two distal ones are strongly waved. Both wings with lighter fringes exhibiting a dark
basal line. $. Forewing with three distinct, oblique, blackish transverse lines which are equidistant from each other.
Fringes as in the 3 • Expanse of wings: 34 (3) or 50 (?) mm. Transvaal: Lydenburg.

MET AN ASTRI A . By Dr. C. Aurivillhjs.

„Metanastria“ despecta Le Cerf. Forewing reddish with 3 black' notched transverse lines and a white discal dot despeeta.
encircled by blark. Hindwing somewhat lighter. Brit. East Africa. — It may be a Pseudolyra ?

„Metanastria“ coilotoma B.-Balc. Head, thorax, and abdomen light chocolate; thorax with deep velvety brown coilotoma.
lateral spots. Forewing reddish-brown, at the base coated with a very dark red-brown which colour extends along the discal
cell into the postmedian portion of the wing, where it ends in a feeble bow; a dull lighter spot in the centre; behind the
discal cell the dark area is distinctly bordered by a fine white line; between this line and the posterior margin the ground¬
colour is light reddish; the postmedian portion as far as the distal margin is lighter reddish with a series of irregular
short transverse streaks between the veins. Hindwing reddish light brown. Expanse of wings: 43 mm. Angola. - — It may
be a Taragama ?

.fMetanasiria" zopheropa B.-Bak. Head, thorax, and forewing dingy umber-brown; abdomen and hindwing zopheropa.

darker brown. Forewing with a double, irregular, dentate, antemedian transverse line and an irregular, partly notched post-
median transverse line which is distally accompanied by a similar, though indistinct line: marginal portion then decidedly
lighter and with a fine, dentate, dark submarginal line. Costal margin at the apex darkened. Hindwing unicoloured. Expanse
of wings: 60 mm. West Africa: Grunnal.

,,Pachymeta“ roxaiia Fawc. „<J (39 e). Head, thorax, forewing, and abdomen light red-brown. Antennae whitish, roxana.
Forewing in the centre with a slanting dark brown transverse line distally accompanied by a dark brown band; marginal portion
lighter with a dark brown lunular submarginal band: under surface lighter with a dark chocolate submarginal band. Hindwing
lighter brownish- grey, at the base somewhat yellowish, with a dark brown postmedian band which is bordered by a band
of whitish lunar spots being distally broadly edged with brown. Distal margin light with dark fringe. Hindwing beneath in
the basal half dark chocolate, then with bands as above, at the hind- margin as far as vein 1 b white; costal margin in
the centre sharply angled. British East Africa. — It may be a Leipoxais ?

. .Pseudometa “ cymographa Hrnps. q (39 d) makes the impression of a species of Gasiropacha, and is certainly no cymogra-
Pseudometa. Its systematic position cannot be ascertained without examining the neuration. North-Eastern Rhodesia. pha.

Additions and Corrections.

P. 210. Chrysopsyche jejjeryi Tams. <$. Antennae olive-brown, the pectinations in the basal half honey- jefferyi.
coloured, then blackish brown. Head ochreous. Thorax olive-brown with long ochreous hair-scales.

Under surface and legs olive-brown, chest in front yellowish, and tarsi striped yellow; anal pencil
orange. Forewing red-brown, at the costal margin and hind-margin olive-brown, with two orange
longitudinal stripes and two blackish transverse lines. Expanse of wings: 38 mm. — §. Antennae
orange with honey-coloured pectinations. Body ochreous; abdomen above orange. Forewing golden
yellow, costal margin and fringe orange, with two red transverse lines extending exactly as in Chr.
imparilis Auriv. Expanse of wings: 52 mm. Kenya Colony.

P. 212. For Opistodontia read: Opisthodontia.

P. 213. Opisthodontia cardinalli Tams. $. Body cinnamon-brown more or less mixed with nut-colour or cardinalH.
tan-colour. Forewing cinnamon-brown densely speckled with a deep tan-colour ; veins reddish orange;
two transverse lines apparently arranged almost as in 0. superha. Hindwing like forewing, but at
the hind-margin coloured like the abdomen. Expanse of wings: 47 mm. Gold Coast.

P. 223. B. perobliqua is also figured on pi. 35 a.

P. 224. Beralade sorana Le Cerf. Forewing white with four dark transverse lines. Hindwing brownish.

Fringes of the wings red-brown. British East Africa.

P. 225. Beralade donaldsoni var. rectistriga Le Cerf. only differs in the broader and quite straight submarginal
band of the forewing. British East Africa.

P. 225. B. marshalli is also figured on pi. 35 b.

P. 225. B. levenna is also figured on pi. 35 b.

P. 226. 0. patter soni Tams. Antennae yellow. Head, thorax, chest, legs, and abdomen beneath of a bright pattersoni.
yellowish brown with yellow and brown markings. Wings scantily scaled, opalescent, with a mixture
of blackish-brown, chestnut-brown, and yellowish-brown scales; veins with deep velvety brown scales:
an indistinct blackish prediscal line, at the costal margin distally bent, then undulating; a light discal
dot and a submarginal line formed of bows which are concave towards the distal margin and are
contiguous in black dots between the veins; fringes chestnut-brown with yellow spots at the ends
of the veins. Hindwing yellowish, behind the discal cell and before the margin coated with chestnut-
brown; fringes speckled as in forewing. Expanse of wings: 31 mm. Gold Coast.

P. 227. Philotherma rosa Druce is figured on pi. 40.

P. 236. Taragama koenigi Str. only differs from T . misanum in the distal transverse line of the forewing being koenigi.
almost straight, and the forewing lacking any other marking. Sudan: Bahr el Jebel.

P. 241. Taragama meloui Oberth ., from Madagascar, is a species unknown to me.

meloui.

278

EPICNAPTEROIDES. By Dr. C. Aiirivillius.

incanata.
miller i.

lobata.

P. 245. For ondulata read: ondulosa.

P. 252. Mimopacha gerstaeckeri ab. incanata Str. is probably the same form as M. cinerascens Holl.

P. 253. Odontogama milleri Tams is a variation of nigricans Auriv. with a lighter, browner ground-colour.
Tanganyika District.

23a. Genus: J^gticiiaptermrfes Strd.

P. 273.

Separated from the palearctic genus Selenephera Rmb. by the posterior margin of the forewing being
provided with a strong dent and the eyes being bare. The palpi together form at the base a thick cone being
sharply pointed at the end and distinctly projecting beyond the frons. Costal margin of hindwing straight.

E. lobata Strd. Light greyish brown. Forewing scantily scaled with a bluish-green reflection in the
terminal half. Two black double transverse lines. Discocellular spot pure white, round. Fringe indistinctly
darker speckled. Lob us of posterior margin with jet-black fringe-scales. Hindwing brownish-yellow, in the
terminal half blackened. Under surface of both wings dark greyish-brown with lighter veins. Thorax with
two black longitudinal lines which are before the centre very close together and posteriorly divergent, but
in front distally almost rectangularly broken. Abdomen fawn-coloured. Expanse of wings: 33 mm.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the Ethiopian Lasiocampidae.
* signifies that the species is also figured at the place quoted.

abyssinicum Tarag. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 10.
aculeatum Tarag. Fawc. Trans. Zool. Soc. 17, p. 180. *
aculeatum Tarag. Walk. List Lepid. 32, p. 565.
acuminata Pseudomet. Walk. List Lepid. 32, p. 559.
aethiopica Trabala Strd. Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 129.
affinis Anad. Auriv. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 167.
affinis Dipluriella Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5: 5, p. 28.
affinis Schausinna Auriv. Sjostedt Kilim. Exped. 9, p. 18. *
africana Estigena Holl., Psyche 6, p. 490. *
albicilia Chrysops. B.-Bak. An. N. H. (8) 7, p. 562.
albofasciata Pachyp. Auriv. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 18, p. 239.
albolunatus Lerodes Kenr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913,
p. 591. *

albosparsatus Lerodes Kenr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913,
p. 591. *

alenica Malloc. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 140.
aluco Pachyp. F. Ent. Syst. 3, 1, p. 422.
andersoni Pseudom. Tams. An. N. H. (9) 10, p. 552.
angulata Glonob. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 214.
angulifera Lasioc. Walk. List Lepid. 32, p. 561.
annuligera G-astroplak. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 79 A : 1, p. 53.
annulipes Lasioc. Boisd. Faune Madag. p. 87. *
anomala Lechriol. Bull. An. N. II. (5) 5, p. 386.
anteunifera Chrysops. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 78 A: 7. p. 113.
arenicoloris Borocera Bull. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 22.
argenteoguttata Pachymetana Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5: 5, p. 23.
argibasis Gonom. Mab. Ann. Ent. Belg. 37, p. 59.
arnoldi Opisthod. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5: 5, p. 28.
attenuata Gonom. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 591. *
andea Malloc. Bruce Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 677.
auriflua Pachyp. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5: 5, p. 19.

badia Gonom. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 257.
badia Gastrom. Saalm. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1878, p. 94.
bakeri Tarag. Riel Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1911, p. 78.
basale Tarag. Walk. List Lepid. 6, p. 1448.
basalis Pseudom. Walk. List Lepid. 32, p. 559.
basirufa Lechriol. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 125.
bettoni Beralade Auriv., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 322. *
bibindandy Libethra Camb., Bull. Soc. Acclimat. (4) 3, p. 508.
bibindandy Borocera. Conte, Classif. Lepid. Serig. 6, p. 50. *
bicolor Gonom. Dew. Nov. Acta Acad. Nat. Cur. 42, p. 73. *
bicrenulata Gastrop. B.-Bak. An. N. H. (8) 16, p. 199.
bifascia Bombycom. Walk. List Lepid. 6. p. 1493.
bifascia Pachyp. Walk. List Lepid. 6, p. 1448.
bilinea Pachyp. Walk. List Lepid. 6, p. 1425.

bilineata Bombyx Mob., Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) 8, p. 31.
bimaculata Cataleb. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 79 : 1, p, 55.
bimaculata Cataleb. Walk. List Lepid. 32, p. 565.
bimaculatum Genus? Conte Classif. Lepid. Serig. 6, p. 34. *
bipars Bombyc. Walk. List Lepid. 6, p. 1455.
bistrigata Beralade Strd., Archiv Naturg. 75: 1, p. 372.
bivittata Chrysops. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 210. *
bosei Closter. Saalm. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1879 — 1886, p. 266.
breyeri Beralade Auriv., Ann. Transv. Mus. 9, p. 139.
brotoessa Gonop. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 549.
brunnea Philoth. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 12.
brunnea Libethra Saalm., Lep. Madag. 1, p. 231. *
bryki Mimop. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 252. *
burchardi Trabala Dew., Nov. Acta Acad. Nat. Cur. 42,
p. 74. *

butiti Tarag. B.-Bak. An. N. H. (7) 18, p. 344.

cafjra Qlyra Wallengr., Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 166.
cajani Libethra Vins., Voy. Madag. p. 562. *
camerunieum Tarag. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 23, p. 279.
canescens Pseudom. Tams. An. N. H. (9) 16, p. 555.
canofusca Beralade Strd., Archiv Naturg. 79 : 1, p. 48.
capense Tarag. Auriv. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 315. *
capensis Chondrostegoides Auriv., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.
1905, p. 324. *

capensis Pachyp. L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 813.
capicola Bombycopsis Auriv., Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 18, p. 237.
capreolus Pachymeta Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 9 : 11, p. 5.
cardinalli Opisthod. Tams. An. N. H. (9) 18, p. 356.
carinatum Tarag. Wallengr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 165.
Cassandra Gonom. Druce Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 681.
castanea Borocera Auriv., Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 267.
castanea Hypotrab. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 513. *
castanea Pseudom. Hamps. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 19: 2, p.
p. 130. *

cervicolora Gastrom. Saalm. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1878, p. 94.
cervina Borocera Auriv., Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 267.
cervina Pseu dol . A uriv . Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 314. *
cervinum Tarag. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 239.
chaero cam po ides Pachypasa Holl., Psyche 6, p. 516.
charon Trabala Druce, An. N. II. (8), 5, p. 397.
clioba Pseudom. Druce, An. N. H. (7) 3, p. 473.
christyi Gonom. E. Sharpe, Entomolog. 35, p. 106.
cinerascens Borocera Auriv., Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 267. *
cinerascens Leipox. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 132.
cinerascens Mimop. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 131.

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Lasiocampidae.

27 9

cinerea Haplop. Auriv. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905. p. 324. *
cinerea Pseudol. Auriv. Ent. Tidschr. 22, p. 124.
citrina Lechriol. Sclicius Bull. Amer. Mns. 1897, p. 326.
clara Philoth. B.-Bak. An. N. H. (8) 2, p. 259.
clarki Henometa Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 23.
clementsi Schausinna Schaus , Bull. Amer. Mus. 1897, p. 325.
coilotoina ,,Metanastria“ B. -Baker, An. N. H. (8) 7, p. 564.
coneava Pseudom. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 142.
concavum Tarag. Strand , Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 1, p. 84, 87.
concolor Pachyp. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 28, p. 219.
concolor Tarag. Walk. List Lepid. 5, p. 1015.
confusum Tarag. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 238.
congoense Tarag. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 16.
congregarius Diapalpus Strd., Archiv Naturg. 79 A: 1, p. 68.
conjuncta Lechriol. Grunh. Sitzber. Ges. Naturf. Pr. Berlin
1908, p. 61.

conspersa Bombycopsis Auriv., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905,
p. 322. *

contiiiua Beralade Auriv., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905. p. 321. *
contraria Pachymeta Walk., List Lepid. 6, p. 1454.
cornuta Oplometa Auriv., Ent. Tidskr. 15, p. 178.
cornuta Pachypasa Strd., Archiv Naturg. 73 A : 7, p. 139.
cowani Gastrom. Butt. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 21.
crenulata Leipox. B.-Bak. An. N. H. (8) 7, p. 565.
cristatum Tarag. Cr. Pap. Exot. 4, p. 234. *
cuneata Rhinob. Auriv. Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhl. 36 : 7,
p. 52.

cuneatum Tarag. Dist. An. N. H. (6) 20, p. 207.
cuneilinea Cataleb. Walk. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 4,
p. 58. *

cuprea Henometa Dist., An. N. II. (6) 20, p. 209.
cuprea Tarag. Dist. An. N. H. (7) 3, p. 465.
custodita Pachymetana Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 142.
cymographa Pseudom. Damps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910,
‘ p. 482. *

dannfelti Opisthod. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 16, p. 115. *
deceptrix Tarag. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 592. *
decora Ceratop. Fawc. Prae. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915, p. 110. *
definita Anad. B.-Bak. An. N. H. (8) 7, p. 565.
delicatulus Gastroplakaeis Auriv. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911,

p. 166.

dentata Opisth. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 20, p.245. *
dentata Phloth. Auriv. Arkiv. Zool. 3:1 p. 8. *
denticula Pachypasa B.-Bak. An. N. H. (8) 2, p. 259.
despecta ,,Metanastr.“ LeGerf. Voy. M. Rothsch. Lep. p. 464. *
dewitzT Lechriol. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 220. *
diluta Tarag. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2 : 12, p. 35. *
dimidiata Lechriol. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 127.
diplocyma Tarag. Humps. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 19 : 2 ,p, 130.*
directa Leipox. Walk. List, Lepid. 32, p. 566.
directum Tarag. Mab. An. Ent. Belg. 37, p. 58.
discocellularis Catalebeda Strand, Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7,
p. 131.

disparilis Lechriol. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 127.
distanti Olyra Dew., Nov. Acta Acad. Nat. Cur. 42, p. 79. *
distincta Pseudol. Dist. An. N. H. (7) 4, p. 362.
distinguendum Tarag. Auriv. Tr, Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 315. *
divisa Pseudol. Auriv. Zweite D. Zentr.-Afr. Exp. 1, p. 1295. *
dollmanni Pachymetana Tams, An. N. H. (9) 16, p. 557.
dollmanni Pseudom. Tams. An. N. H. (9) 16, p. 554.
donaldsoni Beralade Holl., Smith Through unkn. Afr. Countr.
p. 413. *

drucei Gonom. B.-Bak. An. N. H. (8) 2, p. 259.
duplicata Pseudol. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 264.

eborea Napta Tams. Entomolog. 57, p. 129.

echinata Rhaphip. Saahn. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1879 — -80, p.265.

effusa Gonom. Walk. List Lepid. 32, p. 559.

elegans Cataleb. Auriv. Zweite D. Zentr.-Afr. Exp. 1, p. 1293. *

emarginata Leipox. Auriv. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 166.

erythrura Laeliops. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 9 : 11, p. 5.

fenestrata Odontop. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 22. *
ferox Gonom. Kenr. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 591. *
ferruginea Pachypasa Feld., Novara Reise Lepid. t. 85, f. 1.
flaveola Gastroplakaeis Gloss, Entomol. Mitt. 6, p. 130. *
flaveola Lechriol. B.-Bak. An. N. H. (8) 7, p. 563.
flavescens Philoth. Wichgr. D. Ent. Zeitschr. 58, p. 395.
llavia Pachymeta Fawc., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915, p. 110. *
flavomarginata Lechriol. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 219.
forficulatus Gastroplakaeis Mdschl., Abh. Senckenb. Ges. 15,
p. 79. *

fulgurata Pachypasa Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 19.

fuliginosum Tarag. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 517.
fulva Gonob. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 538. *
fulvida Gonom. Dist. An. N. TI. (6) 20, p. 200.
fulvostriata Beralade Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. 56, p. 21.
fumosa Beralade Dist., An. N. H. (6) 20, p. 208.
fusca Philoth. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 12.
fuscescens Philoth. Hamps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910,
p. 483. *

fuscofasciata Anad. Auriv. Ann. Transv. Mus. 9, p. 140.
fuscofasciata Leipox. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 12.
fuscum Tarag. Auriv. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 316. *

gabunica Malloc. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 12, p. 228. *
gambeyi Clostero. Mab., Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 3, p. 91.
gamma Tarag. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 17.
gemmata Ceratop. Dist. An. N. II. (6) 20, p. 207.
gerstaeckeri Mimop. Dew. Nov. Acta Acad. Nat. Cur. 42,
p. 74. *

graberi Tarag. Dew. Nov. Acta Acad. Nat. Cur. 42, p. 72. *
graphiptera Rhaphipeza Saahn., Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1879 — 80,
p. 264.

greyi Gastroplakaeis Holl., Psyche 6, p. 519. *
grisea Chionops. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 9 : 11, p. 1.
grisea Philoth. Auriv. Arkiv. Zool. 9 : 11, p. 3.
griseata Anad. Warr. & Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 12, p. 22.
griseocincta Gonom. Hamps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910,
p. 482.

griseola Lechriol. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 218.
grisescens Pseudol. Auriv. Zweite D. Zentr.-Afr. Exp. 1,
p. 1296.

gueneana ,,Lasioc.“ Mob. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5) 9, p. 314.
guineanum Tarag. Strand Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 1, p. 91.
guttata Pachymetana Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 9 : 11. p. 5.
gyldenstolpei Lechriol. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 17 A : 32, p. 16.

haematidea Leipox. Snell. Tijdschr. Ent. (2) 7, p. 44. *
lieres Lechriol. Schaus, Coll. S. Leone Lep. p. 31. *
honrathi Pachypasa Dew., Nov. Acta Ac. Nat. Cur. 42, p. 73. *
liorridula Pachymetana Tams. An. N. H. (9) 16, p. 558.
hova Ochanella Bull., Cist. Ent. 3, p. 23.
humfreyi Leipox Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 9:11. p. 2.

idakum Gastroplakaeis B.-Bak., An. N. H. (8) 12, p. 66.
igneotincta Craspia Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 21.
imitans Pachypasa Auriv., Ent. Tidkr. 14, p. 213.
immunda Malloc. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 532.
imparilis Chrysops. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2 : 12, p. 34.
imperialis Gonom. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 9 : 11. p. 7.
incanata Mimop. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 12, p. 126.
incompta Bombycopsis Walk., List Lepid. 6, p. 1473.
indecora Bombycopsis Walk., List Lepid. 32, p. 561.
insignis Anchir. Butl. Cist. Ent. 2, p. 297.
interjecta Beralade Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5:5, p. 11.
ituria Leipox. B.-Bak. An. N. H. (8) 3. p. 428.

jacclius Philoth. Mdschl. Abh. Senck. Ges. 15, p. 81. *
jacksoni Lechriol. B.-Bak. An. N. H. (8) 7, p. 563.
jamesoni Catalebeda B.-Bak., An. N. H. (8) 2, p. 258.
jamiesoni Pachypasa B.-Bak., An. N. H. (8) 16, p. 199.
jansei Anad. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 260. *
jefferyi Chrysops. Tams. An. N. PI. (9) 18. p. 357.
jejuna Libethra Saalm., Lepid. Madag. p. 230. *
joyceyi Pachymetana Tams. An. N. H. (9) 16, p. 559.

kilwana Odontop. Strd., Stett. Ent. Zeit. 72, p. 373.
kilwicola Craspia Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 8, p. 312.
knoblauclii Mimop. Dew. Nov. Acta Acad. Nat. Cur. 42,
p. 75. *

koellikeri Ceratop. Dew. Nov. Acta Acad. Nat. Cur. 42, p. 78. *
koenigi Tarag. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 80 A: 10, p. 104.

ladbury Chrysops. B.-Bak. An. N. H. (8) 7, p. 562.
lamani Chrysops. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 3 : 1, p. 9. *
lamborni Pachymetana Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 9 : 11, p. 6.
lambourni Trabala B.-Bak., An. N. H. (8) 7, p. 564.
leighi Malloc. Auriv. Ann. Transv. Mus. 9, p. 141.
leonina Closter. Butl. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 21.
leucocyma Pseudol. Hamps. Tr. Zool. Soc. Lond. 19 : 2,
p. 131. *

leucophaea Malloc. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 533.
leucostigma Lechriol. Hamps. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 19 : 2.
p. 131. *

levenna Beralade Wallengr., Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhl. 32 : 1,
p. 98.

280

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Lasiocampidae.

libera Stenopli. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 9 : 11, p. 8.
ligniclusa Braura Walk., List Lepid. 32, p. 464.

Iineadentata Pseudol. B.-Bak. An. N. H. (8) 7, p. 561.
lineata Pachypasa Auriv., Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 213.
lividum Tarag. Boll. Psyche 6, p. 517.
lobata Epicnapt. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 12, p. 127.
lomia Pachypasa Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887. p. 681.
lutescens Malloc. Boll. Psyche 6, p. 533.
lutulenta Chrysops. Tams. Entomolog. 56, p. 196.

maculata Odontocheil. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2 : 12, p. 36. *
maculigcra Laeliops. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 79 A : 3, p. 113.
madagascariensis Borocera Boisd., Faune Ent. Madag. p. 83. *
madibirense Tarag. Wichgr. Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 15, p. 157.
madinyka Borocera Conte, Classif. Lepid. Seric. 6. p. 51. *
maera Chrysops. Schaus, Sierra Leone Lep. p. 32. *
magna Ceratop. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 14.
major Leipox. Boll. Psyche 6, p. 531.
majus Tarag. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14. p. 238.
makomanum Tarag. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 137.
makomona Leipox. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 134.
malgassica ,,Gastrop.“ Kenr. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913.

p. 592. *

maputuana Dinometa Wichgr., Ins. Borse 23, p. 83. *
marginata Beralade Auriv., Ann. Trans. Mus. 9, p. 139,
marginata Laeliops. Auriv., Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 217.
marginata Gonom. Walk. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 1, p. 85.
marginepunctata Borocera, Guer., Icon. Regn. An. p. 508.
marginepunctata Leipox. Boll. Psyche 6, p. 531.
marshalli Beralade Auriv., Ent. Tidskr. 22, p. 123. *
marshalli Craspia Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 21.
marshalli Pachypasa Auriv., Ent. Tidskr. 23, p. 281.
marshalli Stenophat. Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 28.
marwitzi Pachymeta Strand, Archiv Naturg. 79 A : 1, p. 51.
massilia Pachymeta Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 680.
matuta Leptom. Schaus, Sierra Leone Lep. p. 32. *
media Philoth. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 12.
melanotica Pachymetana <S7rand!, Archiv Naturg. 78 A: 7, p. 142.
mcloui Tarag. Obertli. Etudes Lepid. Comp. 21 : 2, p. 147. *
melon i Pachypasa Riel, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1909, p. 350.
meridionalis Gastroplakaeis Auriv,, Ent. Tidskr. 22, p. 125. *
meridionals Trichiurana Auriv., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 18, p. 236.
mesoleuca Pachypasa Strand, Ent. Rundsch. 28, p. 150.
metallica Bombycops. Dist. An. N. H. (7) 1, p. 118.
micha Tarag. Druce An. N. TI. (7) 3, p. 473.
micromaculata Beralade Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A: 8, p. 311.
milleri Odontog. Tams. An. N. H. (9) 18, p. 359.
minima Pseudom. Psyche 6, p. 533. Boll.
minor Ceratop. Gaede, Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 9, p. 73.
mirabilis Tarag. Dist. An. N. H. (6) 20, p. 208.
mirifica Chrysops. Butt. An. N. H. (5) 2, p. 458.
misanum Tarag. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 1, p. 85, 89.
montana Chionops. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5:5, p. 11. *
montana Mesocelis Cr., Pap. Exot. t. 356, f. E. *
monteiroi Trichop. Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 677.
montibia Philoth. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 119.
morosa Pachypasa Walk., List Lepid. 32, p. 568.
murina Chondrost. Auriv., Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 207.
inustelina ,,Lebeda“ Dist., An. N. II. (7) 3, p. 464.
muscovit Estigena Bryk, Archiv Naturg. 81 A : 1, p. 4. *
myxa Odontocheil. Wallengr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 165.

nasmythi Pachypasa Ehrm,, Canad. Ent. 26, p. 70.
nasuta Rhynchob. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 26.
natalica Philoth. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 228.
neavei Pachymetana Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 9 : 11, p. 6.
nigrescens Pachypasa Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 18.
nigricans Odontog. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 9 : 11. p. 4.
nigricans Pseudom. Auriv. Zweite Deutsche Z.-Afr. Exped. 1,

p. 129.2-

nigritarsis Philoth. Strd.. Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 115.
nigrivenis Lechriol. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 122, 129.
nigrolineata Grammod. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 16, p. 115.
nigrovittata Bombycops. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 233. *
nilotica Pachypasa Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 17 A : 32, p. 17.
niphoessa Beralade Strd., Archiv Naturg. 75 : 1, p. 372.
niris Olyra Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 228. *
nitens „Eutricha“ Butt., Cist. Ent. 3, p. 22.
niveoplaga Pachymetana Auriv., Ent. Tidk'r. 20, p. 246.
noctis Lechriol. Druce An. N. H. (8) 5, p. 396.
nupta Bombycom. Feld. Novar. Lepid. T. 100, F. 1. *
nyassana Pachymetana Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 24.
nyassanum Tarag. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 1, p. 85, 89.
nyassica Malloc. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 273.

nysa Gonom. Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 680.
obliquata Beralade Wallgr., Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 5 : 4. p. 32.
obliquata Tarag. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 1, p. 92.
obscura Cymatop. Auriv. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 18, p. 238.
obscura Leipox. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5:5, p. 13.
obscura Ocinaropsis Auriv., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905,
p. 317. *

obscura Odontoch. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 226.
j obscura Pachypasa Walk., List Lepid. 6, p. 1452.

( obscura Philoth. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 231. *

! obscurata Lechriol. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 127, 128.
obsoleta Archaeop. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 17 A : 32, p. 18.
occidentalis Braura Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 1, p. 91.
ochraceola Lechriol. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7. p. 124,
128.

ochrascescens Philoth. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 118. *
J ochroleuca Bombycopsis Feld., Reise Novar. Lepid. 2. t. 84,
f. 6. *

olivaccum Tarag. Kenr. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 592. *
ondulosa Pachypasa Conte, Classif. Lepid. Sericig. 6, p. 33. *

pallens ,, Gonom." B. -Baker, An. N. II. (8) 2, p. 260.
pallida Bombycom. Dist. An. N. H. (6) 20, p. 207.
pallida Olyra Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 17 A : 32, p. 16.
pallida Trichopisth. Faivc. Tr. Zool. Soc. Lond. 17, p. 181. *
parinarii Gastroplakaeis Guer., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 186.',
p. 32.

parva Beralade Auriv., Ann, S.-Afr. Mus. 18, p. 236.
patagiata Pseudom, Auriv. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 314.
pattersoni Odontoch. Tams. An. N. EL (9) 18, p. 359.
pelias Borocera Mab., Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) 3, p. 138.
peraffinis Leipox. Boll. Psyche 6, p. 520. *
perobliqua Beralade Walk,, List Lepid. 4, p. 353.
pliocea Pachypasa Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887,
p. 680.

picturata Braura Griinb., Denksckr. med. nat. Ges. .Tena 16,
p. 137. *

pithyocampa Pachypasa Cr., Cram. Pap. Exot. 4, t. 304.
f. E, F. *

plagiogramma Pachypasa Mab., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5) 9,
p. 314.

plusioides Beralade Walk,, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 1, p. 279.
podocarpi Gonom. Auriv. Ent. Tidsk. .46, p. 212.
poecilosticta Craspia Griinb.. Denksckr. med. nat. Ges. Jena
16, p. 136. *

polydora Tarag. Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 678. *
porphyria Malloc. Boll. Psyche 6, p. 513. *
postalbida Tarag. Schaus Bull . Amer. Mus. 9, p. 325.
postica Gonom. Walk, List Lepid. 4, p. 971.
posticata Philoth. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 118.
pratti Lechriol. Kenr. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 592. *

; proboscidea Leipox. Guer. Icon. R. Anim. p. 508. *

' proboscifera Leipox. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 136.
j producta Catalebeda Walk,, List Lepid. 6, p. 1465.
prompta Beralade Walk., List Lepid. 6, p. 1437.
protracta Metanastria? B.-Sch. Ausl. Schm. p. 60, 83. *
pulchra Lechriol. Auriv. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 318. *
pulchristriata Tarag. B.-Bak. An. N. H. (8)7, p. 561.
pulla Beralade Strd., Archiv Naturg. 75 : 1, p. 373.
puncticosta Leipox. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 135.
punctifascia Anadiasa Walk., List Lepid. 6, p. 1472.
punctifera Borocera Mab., Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. 23, p. 17.
punctifera Gastroplakaeis Riel, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1911,
p. 77.

punctilimbata Malloc. Strd,, Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7. p. 145.
punctillata Libethra Saalm., Lepid. Madag. 1. p. 232. *
punctipcnnis Pseudom. Strd , Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 147.
punctulata Pachypasa Auriv., Sjost. Kilimandj. Exped. 9,
p. 19. *

punctulata Beralade Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 9 : 11, p. 2.
punctulata Leipox. Boll. Bull. Amer. Mus. 43, p. 320. *
punctuligera Laeliops. Auriv. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911. p. 165.
punctuligera Anchiritra Mab., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5) 9. p. 315.
pura Beralade Warr. & Rothsch,, Nov. Zool. 12, p. 23. *
purpurascens Pachymeta Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 23.
pygmula Beralade Strd,, An. Soc. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 147.

l'angei Tarag. Gaede, Iris 29, p. 147.

rectelineata Olyra Auriv., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 323. *
rcctilineata Pachypasa Auriv., Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Forhl.
57, p. 1052.

rectistriga Beralade Le Cerf, Voy M. Rothsch. Lepid. p. 466. *

reducta Olyra Walk,, List Lepid. 6, p. 1411.

regia Gonom. Auriv. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 313. *

Publ. 29. I /. 192). Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Lasiocampidae. 281

regia Schausinna Griirib., Denksclir. med. nat. Ges. .Tena 16,
p. 135. *

regularis Leipox. Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 133.
rennei Philoth. Dew. Nov. Acta Acad. Nat. Cur. 42, p. 71. *
repandum Tarag. Hbn. Burop. Schmett. Bomb. 1. *
reussi Pachymeta Strd.. Arcliiv Naturg. 79 A : 1, p. 49.
richelrnanni Packypasa Weym., Stett. Ent. Zeit. 53, p. 113.
robusta Pachymeta Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 23.
radei Chrysops. Dew. Nov. Acta Acad. Nat. Cur. 42, p. 77. *
rohdei Pachypasa Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 18.
rosa Philoth. Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 678.
rothschildi Gonop. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 256. *
roxana , .Pachymeta" Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1915.

p. 111. *

rubroanalis Gastroplakaeis Wichgr., Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 7,
p. 10, 13.

rufarium Tarag. B.-Bak. An. N. II. (8) 2. p. 258.
rufescens Gastroplakaeis Auriv., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905,
p. 314. *

rufescens Philoth. Wichgr. Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 14, p. 195.
ruficornis Chondrost. Auriv. Ann. S. Air. Mus. 18, p. 236.
rufobrunnea Gonom. Auriv. Ann. Transv. Mus. 9, p. 140.
rufobrunnea Leipox Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 132.
rnfotincta Beralade Strd., Archiv Naturg. 75 : 1, p. 374.

Sabrina Beralade Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1900, p. 20. *
sahariensis Anadiasa Rothsch., Nov. Zool. 28, p. 218.
salammbo Ceratop. Vuill. Am. Soc. Ent. Fr. (7) 2, Bull. p. 190.
sanguicincta Pachymetana Auriv., Ent. Tidskr. 22, p. 124. *
sapelensis Leptom. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 272.
scapulosum Tarag. Feld. Reise Novar. Lepid. t. 85. *
sehbnheiti Anad. Wichgr. Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 15, p. 208.
schultzei Gastroplakaeis Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 2 : 12, p. 37. *
schultzei Malloc. Auriv. Zweite D. Zentr. Afr. Exp. 1. p. 1297.*
schultzei Pseudom. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2 : 12, p. 38. * .
semifasciata Pachymeta Auriv., Zweite D. Zentr. Afr. Exp. 1 ,
p. 1294. *

senegalensis Beralade Oberth., Lepid. Comp. 12, p. 341. *
sericeofasciata Pachypasa Auriv., Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 18,
p. 238.

serratilinea Napta Guen., Vinson Voy. Madag. Annex F.
p. 43.

seydeli Pachymetana Tams, An. N. H. (9) 16, p. 558.
siccifolia Leipox. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 23, p. 274. *
signata Borocera Auriv., Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 267.
signata Schausinna Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 9, p. 155.
signinervis Beralade Strd., Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 8. p. 311.
sikorae Closter. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 21.
simplex Beralade Auriv., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 322. *
simplex Pachymeta Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 25.
simplex Anadiasa Pag., Ja.hrb. Nass. Ver. 56, p. 20.
simplex Philoth. Wichgr. D. Ent. Zeitschr. 58, p. 395.
singulare Tarag. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 213.
sjdstedti Gonom. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 13, p. 199.
soleria Anad. Walk. List Lepid. 32, p. 480.
sodalium Tarag. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 9 : 11, p. 4.
solida Napta Saalm., Lepid. Madag. 1, p. 234. *
songeana Dipluriella Strd., Archiv Naturg. 79 A : 1, p. 52.
osphax Pachypasa Druce, An. N. Id. (6) 17, p. 355.

sorana Beralade, Voy M. Rothsch. Lep, p. 465. *
sordida Philoth. Auriv. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 318. *
sordida Gastrom. Mob. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7)3, p. 138.
spargata Philoth. Holt Psyche 6, p. 513. *
splendens Tarag. Drc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 679. *
squamata Philoth. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 78 A: 7, p. 117.
stigmatica Pachymet. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 1 1 1.
straminea Napta Auriv.. An. S. Afr. Mus. 18, p. 237.
strandi Catalebeda Auriv., Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 234. *
strandi Leipox. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 248. *
strandi Tarag. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 239. *
striata Borocera Conte., Classif. Lepid. Sericig. 6, p. 50. *
strigifascia Beralade limps., Tr. Zool. Soc. Lond. 19:2,
p. 132. *

stumpfi Chrysops. Saalm. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1877 — 78, p. 93.
stalii Gonom. Wallengr. Wien E. Mon. 4, p. 165.
subfascia Pachypasa Walk., List Lepid. 6, p. 1426.
sublineata Olyra Walk., Tr. N. II. Soc. Glasg. 1, p. 342.
subulva ,,Bombyx“ i! lab.. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) 8, p. 31.
superba Opisthod. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 9 : 11, p. 7.
superbum Tarag. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 15.
swierstrae Anad. Auriv. An. Transv. Mus. 9, p. 141.

tamatavae ,,Lasioc." Guen. Vinson Voy. Madag. Annex F. p. 44 .
tenebra Pseudom. B.-Bak. An. N. It. (8) 7. p. 564.
tessmanni Lechriol. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7. p. 121.
129.

tessmanni Tarag. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 87, 90.
tessmanni Tarag. Strd,. Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 139.
testaceicornis Philoth. Strd,. Archiv Naturg. 78 A : 7, p. 116.
thoracica Philoth. Butl. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1895, p. 740. *
titan Gonom. Holt. Ent. News 4, p. 137. *
trapezina Pachypasa Weym., Stett. Ent. Zeit. 53, p. 116.
trianguligera Philoth. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 229.
trilineata Pachypasa Auriv. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 167.
tripunctata Mirnop. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2 : 12, p. 36. *
truncata Braura Walk., List Lepid. 6, p. 1451.
turbata Rhaphip. Butl. An. N. If. (5) 4, p. 237.

umbrina Pehria Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 26.
undata Anad. Klug Symbol. Phys. T. 20 f. 3 *
uniforme Tarag. Auriv. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 237. *

varia Lechriol. Walk. List Lepid. 6, p. 1414.

venosa Bombycopsis Butl., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, pi- 269. *

vespertilio Gonob. Weym. Iris 22, p. 20.

vesta Tarag. Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 679. *

viola Pseudom. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 22, p. 125. *

violascens Catalebeda Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 15.

viridescens Chrysops. Holt. Psyche 6, p. 532.

vulpecula Philoth. Strd. Ent. Rundsch. 35, p. 41.

vulpicolor Lerodes Kenr., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913, p. 591. *

wahlbergi Craspia Auriv., Arkiv Zool. 5 : 5, p. 20.
wallengreni Beralade Auriv., Ent. Tidskr. 13, p. 199.
wellmanni Pachypasa Weym., D. Ent. Zeitschr. 1908, p. 510.

zopheropa ,,Metanastria“ B.-Bak., An. N. H. (8) 7, p. 565

XIV

36

BOMBYCLDAE ; NORASUMA; OCINARA. By M. Gaede.

283

9. Family: Bombycidae.

This family has but very few representatives in Africa. The few species of the two genera, on having
been examined more minutely, will later on partly prove to be the forms of very few species. The family is
characterised by the absence of the proboscis, the palpi being very much stunted, the antennae of both sexes
strongly pectinated, legs hairy, without spurs. Frenulum absent. The wings, are broad. Vein 5 invariably
rises on the centre of the cross-vein, the veins near the apex on the fore wing are somewhat declined. Vein 10
always rises before veins 8 and 9. The larvae exhibit the well-known structure of Bombyx mori. Cocoon oblong
oviform.

As to the general conditions, we refer to the respective places in Vol. Ill, p. 189; Vol. VI, and
particularly Vol. X, p. 433.

1. Genus: ^orsisuma Mr.

Wings broad, about similar to Bomb. mori. Costal margin of forewing straight, only at the apex more
bent, the apex itself also rounded off. Distal margin below the apex slightly inserted. Anal angle strongly
rounded. On the hindwing the hind-margin is slightly inserted, the distal margin near the anil angle rather
straight. Xeuration of forewing: veins 6 — 10 stalked, vein 6 only very short stalked, and 9 + 8 + 7 from
a joint base, vein 11 separate. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 stalked. Type: javcinica Mr. from Java.

N. kolga Drc. (41 a). Thorax and forewing dark brown. The proximal white line extends from y3 kolga.
of the hind-margin oblicpiely distad to vein 2, then to the base of vein 3 and from % of the costal margin along

the latter almost to the base. On the cross-vein a white streak posteriorly extended into a spot. The distal
line with white spots on the veins, between them fine and distally convex. At the costal margin it is stronger
and surrounded with white scales and the costal margin is slightly strewn with white. Hindwing varying from
brown to reddish-brown. Under surface lighter brown. On both wings a white uniformly curved distal line.

- In pruirtosa Griinbg. there is at the beginning of this line, on the forewing beneath, an oval yellow spot, pruinosa.
and the same place is also above somewhat more yellow than in the nomenclatural form. On the hindwing
beneath below vein 2 before the white line a black spot. 34 to 50 mm. Cameroon, South Africa. Apparently
very common. Larva very similar to that of Oc. signicosta in the shape and marking, living in nests on species
of Ficus. Cocoon thin and dark flesh-coloured. Eggs arranged as in Ocinara.

2. Genus: Ocinara Wkr.

Shape of wings quite similar to the preceding genus, but on the hindwing the anal angle is somewhat
more produced. Neuration of forewing: vein 6 on a short stalk with veins 10 + 9 + 8 + 7. In the hindwing
veins 6 and 7 are stalked. On the forewing 2 hindmarginal veins, on the hindwing 3. Some specimens exhibit
the distal margin of the forewing somewhat inserted below the apex, but most of them not. The species hitherto
described are all of about the same size, with indistinct markings, and similar, only 1 species being white. In
the others the hind-margin of the more or less brown hindwing is dark brown with short white streaks. Type:
dilectula Wkr. from Java. — As to the Asiatic species, cf. Vol. II, p. 191, and Vol. X, p. 437.

a) With a strong black streak at the cross-vein of forewing.

O. ruficollis Strd. (41 a). Thorax whitish, collar red-brown, abdomen fawn-coloured. Forewing light ruficollis.
greyish-brown, powdered with brown. The basal line projects far distad at vein 2, its lower portion inside

with a broad red-brown spot. Before the centre of the costal margin there is a feeble brown spot, and an
antemedian one and a postmedian one in place of the proximal and distal lines. Undulating line rather distinct,
between the veins distally convex. At the apex a brown streak. Distal margin behind cell with a dark shadow.

284

OC INARA. By M. Gaede.

maculi-
f rons .

grisea.

obi iquisig-
na.

sign icostu.

fuscocervi-

na.

pall icornis.

jan the.

albivertex.

metalles-

cens.

On the brown hindwing the proximal and distal hands are defined by narrow yellow colour behind the distal
band and broader yellow colour before it. Base yellowish. On the forewing beneath the brown undulating
line and on the hindwing beneath the two border-lines of the distal band are distinct. 29 mm. Cameroon. -
niaculifrons Strd. (41 b). The spot at the apex of the forewing is stronger, otherwise probably only an indistinct
form of ruficollis. The distal band on the hindwing is feebly indicated by its margins. The apical spot on the
forewing beneath is very strong. 25 mm. Spanish Guinea.

0. grisea sp. n. (41c). Thorax and abdomen above greyish-white. Fore wing the same. All the lines
very faded brown, the most distinct are the ends at the hind-margin. Basal line double, with a but slightly
projecting angle at tire median vein, then rather vertical to the hind-margin. Almost parallel with it the proximal
and distal lines. Undulating line as in ruficollis. At the apex no spot. At the distal margin behind the cell
and below the whole extent of vein 2 as far as the anal angle feebly brownish. The streak at the cross- vein
is very intense. Antennal shaft white. Hindwing red-brown. Beneath both wings lighter reddish-brown,
with less distinct lines At the costal margin of the fore wing the last quarter as far as vein 6 whitish. £ 23 mm.
Cameroon. Type in the Berlin Museum.

0. obliquisigna Hmps. Body and wings pale yellow. Forewing with red-brown marking. Near the
base 3 indistinct undulating lines. At the cross-vein a black streak. Distal line marked by a spot at the costal
margin. Before the distal margin two wavy lines, the first very indistinct, the second with a spot at the costal
margin, behind it an oblong apical spot. Hindwing with 3 indistinct proximal undulating lines. A dot on the
cross-vein, 2 curved undulating distal lines, and a faded red-brown shadow from vein 4 to the hind-margin.
Fringes of both wings red-brown. 28 mm. North Angola. As the marking of the Ocinara- species is very indis¬
tinct, it cannot be decided whether and with which of the forms described by Straxd this species may be
identical.

b) On the cross-vein only a feeble streak or dot. in the $ mostly absent.

0. signicosia Strd. (41 a,b). Thorax and forewing of H bluish grey, similar to grisea. Costal margin
finely ochreous. The light basal line projects sharply at vein 2, similar to ruficollis, proximad and distad
finely edged with brown. This line and the 3 others begin at the costal margin with a brown spot. The proximal
line through the dot at the cross-vein, close behind it the distal line, almost in the whole of its length vertical
to the hind-margin. The black undulating line is very fine. Distal margin behind the cell, and the anal angle
with a brownish hue. Beneath whitish-grey mixed with brown. Costal margin finely ochreous. Undulating
line almost straight, distal line quite straight, nearing each other at the hind-margin, both distinctly rust-brown.
On the hindwing 2 corresponding lines parallel with the distal margin, between them at the hind-margin a
short darkening. $ above of a purer fawn-colour, costal margin finely lighter. Of the basal line only the
distal brown edge is present, which is also angular at vein 2. Proximal line beginning a little farther inward
at the costal margin and thereby more strongly bent. Under surface also of a purer brown. (<$) 25 to 35 ($) mm.
East and West Africa. — fuscocervina Strd. (41 a, b) is probably the Togo-form of it. In the $ the forewing
is somewhat falcate, almost as red-brown as the hindwing. The $ is also somewhat darker and thereby the
light costal margin is more prominent. Beneath both sexes are darker than signicosta, the distal line of the
forewing is very distinct. 22 to 34 mm. Togo. — From the material and report of Dr. Rettss the following
is known of the early stages of signicosta'. eggs deposited close together in the shape of round discs like
rolls of money. Shape of larva similar to Bomb, mori, with a small horn on the 11th segment, yellowish-white,
irregularly marked brown, on the dorsum with a light saddle-spot. It lives on a species of Ficus. Cocoon oblong
oviform, sulphur-coloured or lemon-coloured.

0. pallicomis Strd. (41 c) may be only a feebly marked signicosta. Ground-colour the same but the
lines very indistinct, so that it cannot be decided whether the basal line is angular. Costal margin in the centre
fine ochreous. Separable, however, by the white antennal shaft. Beneath particularly the forewing is dark
brown as in fuscocervina (41 a, b), the distal line less distinct. 26 mm. Natal.

0. jan the Drc. (41 b). Light fawn-coloured, powdered a little grey. Hindwing less intensely reddish-
brown, more similar to the forewing. At the costal margin of the forewing 5 fine brown spots for the basal
line, the three other lines and one at the apex. Basal line and proximal line rather uniformly bent. All the
lines very pale. In the <$ a black dot at the cross-vein. On the hindwing a light line marked near the distal
margin. Beneath the ground-colour is similar as above. On the forewing only the uniformly slightly curved
undulating line is distinct. Hindwing as in signicosta. 26 to 32 mm. Natal. — albivertex Strd. (41 c) may he
only a very indistinctly marked form of janthe. But the head is white, and the apical spot of the forewing
is stronger, similar to ruficollis. At the hind-margin of the hindwing behind the distal line narrow whitish.
28 mm. Togo.

0. metallescens Mschlr. (41 a). Distal margin of forewing somewhat falcate. Body and wings uniformly
reddish-brown. The indistinct lines on the forewing somewhat intensified. The proximal line in a bow from %
of the costal margin to U of the hind-margin. From the cross-vein to the centre of the costal margin a band
which seems to unite posteriorly with the distal line. The dark undulating line is the most distinct of all. On

Alphabetical List of the African Bombycidae.

285

the hindwing a light line is marked before the margin. Beneath coloured almost as above. On the forewing the
uniformly curved undulating line is distinct, the distal line shadow-like. On the hindwing the usual two lines
are distinct, only the proximal one at the costal margin somewhat faded. Strand in describing his species
already mentioned that the metallic spots from which the species derives its name are in fact rubbed off
patches. 30 mm. Gold Coast.

0. ochreipennis Strd. (41 b). Distal margin of forewing somewhat inserted below the apex. The whole ochreipen-
insect above and beneath light ochreous. Forewing with a black dot at the lower angle of the cross-vein. The nts‘

dark undulating line is hardly noticeable. At the distal margin behind the cell slightly brownish like the fringe.

Beneath on the forewing the curved undulating line is rather distinct at the costal margin. On the hindwing
the two lines are feeble, but extending in the normal way. 31 mm. Nyassa District. It may be that ochrei-
pennis is merely a very light (and rubbed off) form of metallescens .

0. leucoides Strd. (41 c) differs from all the others in the colour: hotly and wings yellowish white, leucoidc *.
Head, upper edge of tegula, and metathorax rusty red. Of the same colour the anus and the upper surface
of the tibiae. Cross-vein of forewing slightly rusty brown. Traces of a dark marginal line. Extremely similar
to 0. waringi Snell. 21 to 23 mm. East Africa. Larva not described, probably on Ficus elastica.

0. ficicola Westw. & Orm. is omitted here, since the description is too incomplete. According to ficicola.
the figure in Oberthur Lep. Comp. IV, which however is not made from the type, the species is similar to
signicosta Strd.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original
* signifies that the species

albivertex Oc. Strd. Beil. Ent. Z. 55, p. 150.

ficicola Oc. Westw. &. Orm. Ins. S.-Afrika p. 44. *
iuscocervina Oc. Strd. Berl. Ent. Z. 55, p. 154.

grisea Oc. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 284.

janthe Oc . Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 083.

kolga Nor. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 084.

leucoides Oc. Strd. Berl. Ent. Z. 55, p. 150.

descriptions of the African Bombycidae.
is also figured at the place quoted.

maculifrons Oc. Strd. Berl. Ent. Z. 55, p. 150.
metallescens Oc. Mdschl. Abh. Senckbg. Nat. Ges. 15, p. 80. *

obliquisigna Oc. Hrnps. A. M. N. H. (8) 5, p. 490.
ochraceipennis Oc. Strd. Berl. Ent. Z. 55, p. 148.

pallicornis Oc. Strd. Berl. Ent. Z. 55, p. 155.
pruinosa Nor. Grunbg. Deutsche Ent. Z. 1907, p. 431.

ruficollis Oc. Strd. Berl. Ent. Z. 55, p. 148.

signicosta Oc. Strd. Berl. Ent. Z. 55, p. 151.

DREPANIDAE; URANOMETRA; DREP ANULINA . By M. Gaede.

287

10. Family: Drepanidae.

Whereas the Drepanidae are represented in the Indo-Australian Region by a very great number of
species, and the palearctic fauna also contains yet a gieat many of them the family is rather scantily represented
in Africa. Somewhat common seem to be even only 2 or 3 species, the others being smgle raiities even in large
returns. Probably all the genera are purely African, since die species described as Drepana have no proboscis
and retinaculum, and are thus no genuine Drepana, nor do the species described as Otroeda entirely correspond
to the typical Indian species. All the African Drepanidae are without a proboscis and frenulum. Antennae
and shape of wings are very variable. In the hind wing vein 8 is either very near to vein 7 behind the cell, or
vein 7 rises at about % of the anterior edge of the ceil, separated from vein 6, and anastomoses foi
some distance with vein 8. From similarly looking Geometridae the Drepanidae differ in the position of vein
5, and from the partly still more similar Thyrididae in only two hindmarginal veins.

As to further particulars, cf. Vol. III. p. 195, and Vol. X, p. 443.

1. Genus: llranometra Bryk.

Antennae of <$ with one row ol long pinnae. Costal margin of forewing in the apical end bent, apex
rounded, below it the distal margin is slightly inserted. Hindwing at the anal angle rectangular, the distal
margin behind it almost straight. Veins of forewing: vein 3 far before the angle, 4 and 5 from the lower angle,
vein 6 from the upper angle. Veins 11 + 10 + 9 + 8 stalked, and the stalk of veins 8 + 9 forming with 7
by a fillet the long areola. In the hindwing vein 3 far inwards, veins 4 and 5 on a short stalk, vein 6 from
the angle, vein 7 from 3/4 of the anterior edge of the cell moderately long anastomosing with 8. Type:
oculata Hold.

U. oculata Boll. Body and antennae pale ochreous brown. Forewing ochreous-brown, at the distal ocvlala,.
margin wine-brown. At the cell-end a fine white dot, and below the apex a small black ocellus with a yellow
margin and around it a claret-coloured line. The lower portion of the ocellus is incomplete, terminating m
a faded black spot. At the inner angle 2 small blackish spots. Hindwing at the costal margin whitish, otherwise
ochreous. Under surface yellowish white, costal margin of forewing pink. 24 mm. Ogowe.

U. diagonalis Bryk. (41 c). Similar to oculata. Body and forewing pinkish-yellow. The ocellus at diagonals.
the apex as in oculata. Cross-vein with a white dot. From the inner edge of the ocellus to the centre of the
hind-margin of the forewing violettish-brown. The space within this line covered with violettish-brown strigae.

Obliquely inwards from the anal angle mostly two pale brown spots. Distal area and hindwing more lemon-
coloured. Hinclwing also finely striated parallel to the distal margin. A violettish-brown line vertical to the
centre of the hind-margin as far as the centre of the wing, costal margin whitish. 24 to 28 mm. Togo, Cameroon.

Ogowe.

U. brunneola Holt. Body above brown, beneath pink. Forewing above pinkish-brown with dark brunneola.
striae. Subbasal line dark, uniformly curved. The apical line from the forewing to the centre of the hind-margin
in the hindwing, on the forewing inwardly convex, at the apex double. From the cell-end to it a dark shadow
parallel to the costal margin, and a fine notched submarginal line. Hindwing at the costal margin yellowish-
white, otherwise pinkish-brown, also with dark striae. The transverse line widening towards the centre of the
hind-margin and terminating in a dark brown spot which is outwardly edged with white. The same submarginal
line as in the forewing. Both fringes dark brown. Beneath as oculata. 20 mm. Ogowe.

2. Genus: Dl*epaillllilia Gaede (nom. nov. pro Dr epanula Gaede, nec Rob.).

Antennae bipectinate, hind tibiae with terminal spurs. Costal margin of forewing very much bent,
apex rounded. Distal margin below it somewhat concave, then straight on to the distinct inner angle. Hindwing
moderately stretched. Veins of forewing: veins 3, 4, and 5 rather distantly separated, vein 6 beneath the upper
angle, 8 + 9 on a long stalk from the taperingly ending areola, 7 and 10 from % of its anterior and posterior

288

ORETA; CTENOGYNE; ANCISTRINA. By M. Gaede.

argyrobap-

fn.

angustipen-

nis.

sulphured.

glaucinoe.

natalensis.

sides, 11 close next to the areola, separate. In the hindwing likewise veins 3. 4. and 5 distantly separated.
7 from 2 3 of the anterior edge of the cell anastomosing with vein 8.

D. argyrobapta Gaede (41 d). Body and wings above uniformly light brown. On the hindwing a dark
brown line from the costal margin close at the apex to % of the hind-margin, continued on the hindwing to
2 3 of the hind-margin. A proximal brown line above % of the hind-margin indicated on both wings. Distal
line outwards with silvery scales, particularly at the apex. At the cell-end of the forewing a large brown spot,
and at the end of the areola a small one. both slightly powdered with sdver. In the $ the lines and particularly
the spots are indistinct. 17 to 19 mm. Cameroon.

3. Genus: €>reta Wkr.

Antennae bipectinate. Forewing with a produced apex. Neuration : vein 3 far before the angle, 4 and 5
from the same place, veins 9 + 7 + 8 stalked from the apex of the areola, vein 10 at its edge a little backward.
1 1 near the beginning of the areola . In the hindwing vein 7 from the centre of the anterior edge of the cell,
vein 8 behind the cell nearing vein 7. Type: extensa Wlcr. from India.

0. ailgustipermis Wrr. (41 c). Head reddish, body yellow with a brown transverse line. Forewing
pale yellow, a little powdered with brown, with a pale brown marking. A spot in the cell prolonged to the
apex. A line from the apex to before % of the hind-margin, a dark spot on the centre of the cross-vein with a
brown line to its lower angle, where there is also a dark spot. Fringe brown, at the inner angle yellow. Hindwing
pale yellow, with the continuation of the oblique line of the forewing. Before the distal margin a few dark
dots. In the $ the apical line is stronger, almost the whole forewing is suffused with pinkish violet. On the
hindwing the line is distally margined with pink of 3 mm width. Beneath the forewing is hued with brown
within the apical line. The rest and a postcellular spot yellow. If the figured + in which the abdomen lacks
the brown streak is correctly identified, the neuration is rather different from Indian Oreta. In the forewing
vein 6 rises yet from the areola, veins 9 + 7 + 8 from its apex, 10 a little before its apex, vein lb freely from
the cell. In the hindwing veins 4 + 5 stalked, vein 7 from % of the anterior edge of the cell then
anastomosing with 8. 25 to 28 mm. Niger, Spanish Guinea.

0. sulphurea Hmps. Antennae of $ long bipectinate. Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. Body yellow,
head with a brown streak. Forewing pale yellow, striated red-brown. An oblicpie red-brown line at the apex
to before + °f the hind-margin with an elliptical black spot at the distal margin close below the apex. In front
of it at the apex and the fringe reddish-brown. Hinclwing pale yellow, at the base and the costal margin dusted
with brown, with a double brown line at V3 of the hind-margin. 28 mm. Gold Coast.

0. glaucinoe Hmps. Body yellowish- white, head light red-brown. Forewing pale yellow, hued with
violettish grey, with silvery scales and dark striae. A small black spot at the cross-vein and an oblique fine
brown line distally edged with pale yellow from below the apex to the centre of the hind-margin. Tips of fringes
black. Hindwing coloured the same with the continuation of the line to % of the hind-margin. Beneath
blackish-brown mixed with red-brown, with the same oblique line. 32 mm. Gold Coast.

4. Genus : Cteiiogyne Fldr.

Antennae bipectinate. Fore wing with a pointed apex. Distal margin between veins 3 and 4 somewhat
convex, above somewhat concave. Hindwing at vein 3 obtusely angular. Neuration of forewing: vein 3 far
before the angle, 4 and 5 from the same place. Veins 7. 8. and 9 separately from the apex of the very long
areola, vein 10 almost from the centre of the anterior margin of the areola, vein 11 free. In the hindwing
veins 3 to 5 as in the forewing, 4 from the centre of the anterior edge of the cell. 8 very near to it.

C. natalensis Fldr. (carnea Saalm., geometroides Holl.) (41 d). Body and wings violettish -brown.
Forewing with dark striae and obliquely distal darker brown faded spots, one each in the centre of the cell,
below the base of vein 2. at the cell-end, and at the distal margin between veins 4 and 2. A dark notched
line from before the apex to behind the centre of the hind-margin, excurved, and a similar one nearer at
the distal margin. Hindwing with a distinct rusty brown line from the apex, where it is excurved, then straight
to behind the centre of the hind-margin, distally bordered with white. x4 light dentate line from the apex to
the anal angle. Both wings with a fine black discal dot. 40 to 45 mm. Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, East Africa,
Madagascar.

C. lytea Drc. is presumably the same species.

5. Genus: Ajicistrinsi gen. n.

Antennae bipectinate, hind tibiae with short terminal spurs, abdomen of relatively short and slender.
Forewing at the costal margin uniformly bent, apex pointed, somewhat projecting. Below it the distal margin
runs rectilinearly obliquely proximad, anal angle sharp, hind-margin almost straight. Hindwing at the costal
margin and distal margin rounded. At the apex and between veins 3 and 4 obtuse angles, below it the distal
margin is straight and almost rectangular to the hind-margin. Neuration as in Ctenogyne. Type: imma-
culata sp. n.

Publ. 26. VII. 1927.

NEGERA; DRAPENA; SPIDIA. By M. Gaede.

289

A. bimaculata Holl. Body and wings pale brown. On the forewing a straight brown double line from bimaenlala
the apex to two thirds of the hindmargin and on the hindwing farther on to y2 of the hindmargin. On the
forewing at the base of vein 2 a large oval brown spot. 44 mm. Ogowe. The figure shows that it has somewhat
different wing-contours compared to those of geometroides (recte natalensis ) having been described together
with it, and it is probably allied with the following species.

A. immaculata sp. n. (41 e). Body and wings tan-coloured, abdomen at the end whitish. Palpi and nmnaculnta
fore tibiae inside carmine. Forewing with fine brown strigae obliquely distally. On the forewing from the apex
to 3/4 of the hindmargin a double dark red-brown line, filled with violet, continued on the hindwing to the centre
of the hindmargin. Forewing at the apex and anal angle violettish-grey, hindwing only feebly so at the apex.

Both wings with a distinct black central dot. Beneath on the forewing at the costal margin and below the cell
pink. Hindwing likewise below the cell pink, coarsely spotted dark, without a transverse line. A 44 mm. Ogowe.

Type in the Berlin Museum.

6. Genus: Xegera Wlk.

Antennae strongly pectinate, body strong. Hind tibiae with a pair of moderately long spurs. Fore wing
broad, at the apex hardly produced. Hindwing longer than the abdomen. Veins similar as in Ctenogyne.

N. corsfusa Wkr. Pale reddish-yellow. Palpi black. Fore tibiae with a red spot. Forewing with a confusa.
fine straight brown line from the apex to a little behind the centre of the hindmargin on the hindwing. Centre
of the wing with a slight lilac reflection. Costal margin on the forewing with a few grey spots. At the
base and distal margin somewhat yellowish. Beneath the hindwing lacks the line. 30 mm. Africa.

7. Genus : Drapeua gen.n.

£ <=t

As the typical species has been described by Warren as Dr%peqia, the veins will probably hardly differ
very much. But it lacks the proboscis and frenulum, while it is allied with the following genus by the presence
of hyaline spots. Type: forata Wrr.

D. forata Wrr. Head orange-red, rest of the body and forewing yellowish -brown, towards the distal forala.
margin brownish. Distal line from % of the costal margin sharply angled distally, then obliquely to % of the
hindmargin, dark brown in front, turning orange-reddish towards the hindmargin. At the costal margin traces
of an orange-yellow median line. Before the distal line 4 hyaline spots, the third of which is larger. In the
cell also a small hyaline spot. Hindwing light brown with an orange-red median line. 24 mm. Madagascar.

D. tetrathyra Mob. Wings ashy grey. Forewing with a blackish brown line which is notched below tetralhyra.
the costal margin, then straight. In the cell-end 3 hyaline spots and below them one more. Hindwing with a
dark brown median line. Beneath ashy grey, forewing in the centre darker. ? mm. Madagascar. Described
as Drepana, but surely not a Drepana, probably allied with forata.

8. Genus : Spill ia Btlr.

Antennae with one row of pectinations. Forewing broad, apex pointedly produced, distal margin below
the apex excavated, then convex. On the hindwing the anal angle is almost rectangular. Veins in the forew'ing:
vein 3 far before the angle, 4 and 5 a little separated. Veins 6 and 7 on a short stalk, 8 absent, 9 and 10
on a very long stalk, vein 11 free. In the hindwing vein 7 from % of the anterior margin of the cell, shortly
anastomosing with 8. Type: fenestrata Btlr.

S. fenestrata Btlr. Brownish grey. Wings parted by an oblique black streak from the apex of the fenestrata.
forewing to % of the hindmargin on the hindwing; behind it darker than at the interior area. Forewing
with a hyaline white spot at the cell-end and 4 small ones surrounding it distally in a semicircle. Hindwing
with a shortened black streak through the inner third from the centre to the hindmargin. Under surface silvery
greyish brown, with black spots. 40 mm. Cameroon. fenestriculata Gaede (41 e). Wings greenish brown, fenestricu-
at the costal margin of the forewing lighter. A brown streak from the apex of the forewing to % of the
hindmargin on the hindwing, on the forewing narrow, on the hindwing double. Distal area not darker, hyaline
spots as in fenestrata. Hindwing with a black dot at the lower angle of the cross-vein and traces of a notched
distal greenish band before the centre of the distal margin. 42 mm. Niger.

S. divisa Aur. (41 e). Antennae of $ with one row of long pectinations. Thorax light rust-coloured, divisa.
abdomen yellowish. Fore wing with a sharp apex. Apical line light yellowish green, before it rust-brown except
at the apex, behind it greenish yellow with a rust-coloured submarginal band of spots. Above the base of veins
2 — 4 one small hyaline spot each. Hindwing dark rust-brown, at the base somewhat yellowish. At the centre
of the distal margin as far as the centre of the wing the darkest. Beneath greenish yellow with a few dark dots.

40 mm. Congo.

XIV

37

290

LOMADONTOPHANA ; GONORETA; EPICAMPOPTERA. By M. Gaede.

subtilis.

differencia-

tu.

co ntracta.

gonioptera.

ansorgei.

erosa.

The following genera exhibit at the distal margin of the forewing a rather sharp angle at veins 3 and 4,
above it a strong concavity.

9. Genus: Ijoiiiatfoiatophana Bryk.

Antennae with one row of pectinations, abdomen strong, in the $ projecting beyond the hindwing.
Costal margin of fore wing at the apex bent, at the distal margin between the apex and vein 3 concave. Hindwing
with a round apex and distal margin, anal angle rather tapering. Neuration in the forewing: veins 4 and 5
somewhat separated, 6 from the upper cell-angle, veins 7 and 8 -)- 9 somewhat separated from the apex of
the long areola, vein 10 from % of the length at its anterior margin. 11 free. In the hindwing: veins 4 and 5
from the same place, vein 7 behind the centre of the anterior margin of the cell, 8 behind the cell near 7.
Type : subtilis Bryk.

L, subtilis Bryk. (41 d). Body and wings with alternating colours, varying from flesh-coloured reddish
to violettish brown. Both wings watered with dark. On the forewing a feeble median shadow and a parallel
one before the distal margin from the costal margin to the hindmargin, containing traces of a light row of
dots. On the hindwing only the distal margin is somewhat darkened. On the fore wing a black dot at the
cross-vein, on the hindwing 2 fine white ones. Beneath both wings' pink of a variable intensity. In the only
female the hindwing is relatively narrower, at the anal angle more extended. 32 — 35 mm. Togo, Cameroon,
East Africa.

L. differenciata Bryk. (41 d). Apex of forewing somewhat less projecting. Body and wings lighter
violettish grey to brown. Tegulae white. The irroration on the forewing coarser, the median shadow somewhat
more distinct. Before the distal margin small dark brown spots, especially large at the inner angle. At the
cross-vein a white dot. Hindwing as in subtilis. Under surface yellow or violet with dark dots. 30 — 32 mm.
Cameroon.

L. contracts Wrr. Described as Oreta , owing to the angle at vein 3 on the forewing perhaps better
ranged here. Body and forewing olive grey mixed with brick-red, irrorated with dark. A faded dark median
shadow and one before the distal margin in which there is a distinct dark spot obliquely inwards from the
interior angle. In front of it a fine grey line from % of the costal margin, excurved at vein 6, then straight
on. A black spot at the centre of the crossvein and one at the lower end. Hindwing dark reddish with
black scales. 28 — 30 mm. Niger.

L. gonioptera Hmps. As the antennae have one row of pectinations and the forewing is angular, it
is also better ranged here. Body brown, head and abdomen beneath carmine. Forewing silvery grey, irrorated
with dark. An oblique dark median shadow with a grey discoidal spot on the outside. Submarginal line dark,
below the costal margin and at the centre excurved. Behind it pale red brown and an undulating white line.
Hindwing red-brown and silvery grey strewn with black dots. Beneath the fore wing is greyish red. hindwing
yellowish red. both powdered with black. 36 mm. Niger.

10. Genus: CJonoreta Wrr.

Forewing at the costal margin strongly curved, apexproduced, distal margin angular at vein 4, above
it excavated. Hindwing broad, distal margin rounded, at the anal angle somewhat lobate. Neuration in the
forewing: veins 4 and 5 somewhat separated, veins 6 and 7 from the upper cell-angle, 8 absent, 9 -f- 10 on
a long stalk, veins 7 and 9 touching each other shortly before the apex, vein 11 free. In the hindwing veins
3 and 4 from the same place, 7 far before the cell-end. 8 only approximated. Thus everything similar to
Lomadontoplnana. Antennae of the male finely bidentate, hind tibiae without a pair of spurs.

G. asisorgei Wrr. Body brown, only the head red. Forewing ochreous brown and fawn-coloured
powdered with dark, especially between the veins. Somewhat distinct is only a rusty-red submarginal shadow
which is also angular at vein 4. Cellular spot brown. Hindwing like forewing, also at the margin darker. 30 mm.
Niger.

11. Genus: JGpicampoptera Bryk (. Metadrepana Hps.).

Antennae with two rows of pectinations, hind tibiae with terminal spurs. Forewing curved at the
costal margin, apex tapering. Distal margin in the $ strongly angled at vein 4. in the $ more feebly, above
it and below it concave. Hindwing of d strongly projecting at vein 4, below it concave, in the $ more feebly
so. Neuration of forewing: veins 3, 4, and 5 not far from each other, 6 from the upper cell-angle. Veins 7
and 8 from the apex of the long areola, vein 9 close at it, 10 from %, 11 from 1 , of the anterior margin
of the areola. On the hindwing veins 3 — 5 close together, vein 7 from % of the anterior margin of the cell,
anastomosing long with 8. Type: erosa Hold.

E. erosa Hold. (41 e). Body reddish brown. Forewing lilac grey, at the costal margin brownish
with an indistinct dark median and distal line. At the distal margin above vein 3 a few small brown spots.
Fringe dark brown, at the ends of the veins grey. Hindwing coloured like forewing with a dark line from %
of the hind margin in the direction to the apex as far as vein 6 distinct. Above and below vein 4 one small

PHALACROTHYRIS. By M. Gaede.

291

blackish brown spot each. On both wings the distal line is distally bordered with light. Beneath pale ashy
grey, powdered with black, with small spots at the cell-end. In the $ the hindwing is somewhat more concave.

33 — 35 mm. Cameroon, Ogowe.

E. strand! Bryk (41 f). Body greyish-pink, tegula white. Distal margin of forewing more strongly slrandi.
dentate than in erosa. Wings greyish -reddish. Forewing at the costal margin without spots, at the cross-vein
a fine dark dot. Instead of the lines an indistinct broad fawn-coloured median and distal band. Above vein
3 on both wings a blackish-brown submarginal spot, in erosa on the hindwings two of them. Beneath, yellow,
dotted dark, on the cross-vein in both wings a black spot. 38 mm (tf). Cameroon. The examination of the
genitals by Dr. Hering proved that glauca Hps. is the same species. Body brown, tegulae whiter. Forewing ylauca.
silvery-grey, powdered with brown and blackish. At the costal margin a median and distal black spot, and a
small red-brown submarginal spot between veins 3 and 4. Fringes at the excisions black. Hindwing coloured
the same. A fine dark line from the apex to the anal margin beyond the centre, outside margined with white.

Small black submarginal spots above and below vein 4. Beneath on the forewing with an indistinct oblique
submarginal line. In the $ this line is present also above, and beneath on the hindwing a dark distal line
from the costal margin to vein 2. 40 — 43 mm. Lagos.

E. heterogyna Hps. Forewing of the $ likewise sharply angular, hindwing with an undulating margin heterogynci.
as far as the sharp angle between veins 3 and 4. In the $ the fore wing is not indented below vein 3, on
the hindwing the distal margin is uniformly curved. Head reddish, thorax greyish-brown, abdomen grey.

Forewing silvery-grey, finely powdered with brown except at the base. Traces of a curved oblique blackish-
brown interior line and of an incurved median line; behind it, in and below the cell, powdered with dark.

Distal line indistinct, oblique as far as vein 4, then undulating and incurved. Behind it above vein 6
a red-brown spot. Costal margin at the apex dark-brown, of the same colour a submarginal line from the apex
to vein 4 and then undulating. Hindwing coloured the same, with an ochreous line from below the apex
to beyond the centre of the anal margin. Above vein 3 two dark submarginal spots. $ more intensely
reddish-brown. On the forewing particularly behind the median line, in and below the cell, and behind the
distal line. An oblique pale submarginal line from below the apex to the inner margin ; behind it greyer. Hindwing
also more red-brown, at the margin not powdered with dark. 38 — 40 mm. Uganda.

E. andersotli Tams. (41 d). Body fawn-coloured, patagia whitish. Wings glossy. Forewing cinnamon- andersoni.
brown. A dark brown shadow through the centre of the cell above the base of vein 2. Black scales above and
below the base of vein 6, and at vein 1 instead of the distal line. An indistinct oblique yellow line from before
the apex towards the centre of the inner margin as far as vein 3. Traces of a similar submarginal line
with 2 black spots between veins 4 and 2, as well as black scales behind it at the margin as far as the anal angle
and at the apex. Hindwing at the costal margin light, otherwise rather somewhat darker than the fore-
wing. From the apex to beyond the centre of the anal margin a light line, behind it finely powdered with
black. Marginal line in both wings flesh-coloured. Beneath similarly coloured and marked. 30 — 35 mm.

East Africa. AG? from Fernando-Po dark violettish-brown, powdered with black, without lines, is according
to the examination of the genitals by Dr. Hering the same species.

E. heriiigi Gaede (41 f). Body and forewing pale reddish-yellow. Distal margin of the darker brown heringi.
median band from the centre of the costal margin across the base of vein 2 to the submedian fold, inside of
it small irregular dark red-brown spots; behind the cell likewise somewhat darker. Beyond the centre of the
inner margin a black streak, and dark scales above it. Submarginal line yellowish -white, at the veins notched.

Hind wing at the base and costal margin yellowish- white, otherwise dark reddish-yellow with the usual light
line. Beneath on the forewing from the base through the centre of the wing pink, with a straight blackish
line near the distal margin. Inner margin light, apical area yellow. Hindwing yellow with a shadow-like pink
median band. 32 mm. East Africa. In the genitals somewhat similar to pallida , but the 8th sternit quite
different according to the examination by Dr. Hering.

E. pallida Tams. Olive-brown, powdered with blackish-brown, particularly between the cell-end pallida.
and the distal margin, as well as at the inner margin in both wings. On the hindwing a black ish-brown spot
at the cell-end and on the centre of the distal area between veins 4 and 3. Forewing with a curved line from
before the apex to vein 6, then incurved as' far as vein 2, then again exeurved to % of the inner margin.

Hindwing at the costal margin ivory yellow without a median line. Beneath both wings yellowish-brown,
powdered with dark and with spots at the crossvein. Forewing at the inner margin light, marginal line as
above. 32 mm. Niger .

Holland describes, together with erosa , miserrima. But from the description and figure it cannot
be seen where the species belongs to.

12. Genus: I*li»lacrotliyris Wrr.

Antennae with one row of pectinations. Forewing curved at the costal margin, particularly at the
base. Apex produced, somewhat tapering. Distal margin angular at vein 4, above it hollow, below it
oblique. Anal angle rather sharp. Hindwing at the apex cut off, at vein 6 a dent, below it straight as far
as the rectangular anal angle. Forewing with hyaline spots at the cell-end, below it, and behind the cell.

292

XI DAK A. By M. Gaede.

subviridis.

smithi.

excentrica.

croceina.

Hindwing only with postcellular hyaline spots. Veins in the fore wing: vein 3 near the angle, 4 and 5 from the
lower angle. Vein 6 on a short stalk with 7 + 8,#veins 9 -f- 10 stalked. 11 free. In the hindwing vein 7 far
before the cell-end. strongly anastomosing with 8. Type: subviridis Wrr.

P. subviridis Wrr. Body and forewing fawn-coloured with brown spots, costal margin paler with
few large brown spots. A hyaline spot in the lower cell-end, and before it a brown spot. Moreover one above
the base of vein 2 and below it, a still smaller one above the base of vein 3. Fringes dark brown. Hindwing
with a dark cross-vein, at its lower end a dark spot, behind it above and below vein 4 one small hyaline spot
each. Marginal area darker. Beneath ochreous brown with an oblique, faded, dark-brown submarginal line,
at vein 6 on the forewing angular and continued through the anterior half of the hindwing. Hyaline spots with
a greenish reflection. 30 mm. Niger.

P. smithi Wrr. Patagia pinkish-brown, rest of body anti forewing fawn-coloured, at the apex with
white scales, otherwise strewn with dark. Behind the hyaline spot at the lower cell-end, there follow 3 behind
the cell above the base of veins 3 — 5. The spot below the cell is larger than in subviridis. Oblique to the
costal margin above the hyaline spots an oblong reddish-brown patch, with a slight green iridescence. Hindwing
fawn-coloured with fine black dots at the ends of the cross-vein. Beneath paler pearl-coloured. 50 mm. Congo.

P. excentrica Strand (41 f). In this species veins 7 and 8 are coalescent, 7 touches 9 in one place. Thus,
in spite of the apparent slight difference of the neuration, the species is nevertheless better placed here than
to Spidia. Body and wings light brownish-grey, powdered with red-brown. On the forewing a dark brown
line from the apex to the centre of the inner margin, slightly excurved. On the centre of the costal margin and
above the cell-angle dark spots. A hyaline spot in the lower cell-end, and a larger one below it, also in the
submedian fold a small one. One very small spot each above and below the base of vein 4. The apical line
touches the spots. On the hindwing it is continued like a band and almost reaches the costal margin. The
lower angle of the cross-vein with a black dot which is situate within almost at the upper edge of a small round
hyaline spot which reaches to vein 3. Beneath as subviridis , but the line on the hindwing extends to vein
2. 30 mm. Cameroon.

13. Genus: UTidara Mab.

Antennae with one row of pectinations. Forewing entire-margined oval, not with a tapering apex as
usual in the other Drepanidae. Veins not described. In the hindwing veins 4 and 5 from the same place, vein 8
strongly anastomosing with 7.

N. croceina Mab. Body and wings quite yellow, only the antennal pinnae brown. ? mm. Madagascar.
According to this brief description it is hardly recognisable, but probably a Drepanida .

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the Ethiopian Drepanidae.
*) signifies that the form is also figured at the place cited.

andersoni Epic. Tams, Ent. Research. B. 15, p. 289.
angustipennis Or. Wrr. Nov. Zool. 4, p. 16.
ansorgei donor. Wrr. Nov. Zool. 9, p. 488.
argyrobapta Drep. Gaede, Ent. Zeitschr. Guben 8 (1914),
p. 65.

bimaculata Anc. Hull. Ent. News 1898, p. 177. *
brunneola Ur. Holt. Ent. News 1898, p. 172. *

confusa Neg. Wkr. List 5, p. 1172.
contracta Lom. Wrr. Nov. Zool. 4, p. 16.
croceina Nid. Mab. Ann. S. Ent. Fr. 1897, p. 222.

diagonals Ur. Bryk, Arch. f. Nat. 79 A (3), p. 9.
differenciata Lom. Bryk, Arch. f. Nat. 79 A (3), p. 10.
divisa Spid. Aar. Ark. f. Zool. 3 (1), p. 10. *

erosa Epic. Hall. Ent. News 1893, p. 180. *
excentrica Plial. Sird., Arch. f. Nat. 77 A (4), p. 122.

fenestrata Spid. Btl-r. A. U. N. H. (5) 2, p. 460.
fenestriculata Spid. Gaede, Ent. Zeitschr. Guben (1914) 8, p. 65.
forata Drap. Wrr. Nov. Zool. 4, p. 15.

glauca Epic. Hm-ps. A. M. N. H. (8) 14, p. 105.
glaucinoe Or. Hmps. A. M. N. H. (8) 14, p. 104.
gonioptera limps. A. M. N. H. (8) 14, p. 103.

heringi Epic. Gaede, Deutsche Ent. Z. 1927, p. 163.
heterogyna Met. Hmps. A. M. N. H. (8) 14, p. 105.

immaeulata Anc. Gaede, Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 289.

natalensis Cten. FI dr. Reise Novara Taf. 85. *

oculata Ur. Halt. Ent. News 1893, p. 171. *

pallida Epic. Tams, Ent. Research 15. p. 291.

smithi Phal. Wrr. Nov. Zool. 9, p. 488.

! strandi Epic. Bryk, Arch. f. Nat. 79 A (3), p. 8.

subtilis Lom. Bryk, Arch. f. Nat. 79 A (3), p. 9.

J subviridis Plial. Wrr. Nov. Zool. 6, p. 287.
sulphnrea Or. Hmps. A. M. N. 11. (8) 14. p. 103.

tetrathyra Drap. Mab. Ann. S. Ent. Fr. 68. p. 24.

EUPTEROTIDAE;

STRIPHN OPTERYX ; T1SSANGA.

By M. Gaede.

293

11. Family: Eupterotidae.

The African Eupterotidae, the number of which (so far about 170 species are known) is almost exactly
the same as that of the Indo-Australian ones, are, as we have stated in Volume X, p. 417, a family not very
easy to define, partly with an exterior similar to Lasiocampidae, but partly also more like Arctiidae or
certain Lymantriidae. In the size and exterior they are very much like the insects dealt with in the Indian
part, but they are frequently much larger. The variability of the African forms is also very great, for which
reason of many species quite a number of forme have been established, which often differ exceedingly from
the specific type.

The little which is known of the biology of the African representatives is confined to the approximate
resemblance of two larvae known to the palearctic Arctia caja. Further particulars are mentioned in the two
respective species.

Most of the forms dealt with here are large or very large, resembling the Lasiocampidae, only few forms
exhibit a weakly body, so that they look like Geometridae. In the broad forewing vein 5 rises from the centre
of the cross-vein or above it. Vein 10 is absent or very short and rises then behind vein 8 from vein 9. Vein
11 is free or forms a bar between veins 9 and 12. In the hindwing vein 5 mostly rises from the centre
of the cross-vein, rarely below it. Vein 8 rises separately, but it is mostly connected with the cell by a bar.
In both wings the cell is usually short and broad. In the partly similar N otodontidae and Bombycidae vein
10 of the forewing invariably rises nearer to the base than here. Frenidum mostly present in the <+ whilst
in the $ if is feeble or absent. On the forewing 1 inner-marginal vein, on the hindwing 2. According to
Atjbivillius we divide the Eupterotidae into 2 subordinate families: Striphnopteryginae and Janinae.

1. Subordinate Family : Striphnopteryginae.

In the hindwing the distance of the base of veins 4 — 5 much longer, mostly three times as long as
the distance of veins 5 — 6. On the forewing the distance of veins 4 — 5 is also considerably larger than between
veins 6 and 5. Proboscis always absent in this group.

1. Genus: Strlplmopteryx Wllgr.

Palpi porrect, projecting somewhat beyond the frons. Antennae longer than the cell in the fore wing,
in the <$ strongly pectinate, in the $ hardly less. Hind tibiae with 2 spurs. Forewing very broad. Vein 3 far
before the cell-angle, vein 5 near the upper cell-angle, 6 free and separated from veins 7 + 8 + 9. 10 absent,
11 free. In the hindwing veins 3 — 5 are similarly arranged, 6 and 7 slightly separated, vein 8 very near to
the centre of the cell, not connected with it by a bar. Frenulum in the E feebly present.

S. edulis Bsd. (42 a). Ground-colour brown. The inner line double, black, notched, filled with light*,
from y3 of the inner margin vertically in front, at the anterior edge of the cell inwards to 1 , of the costal
margin. The distal line in uniform bows from 3/4 of the costal margin to % of the inner margin. In the median
area a narrow white and brown band which is, particularly in the E> often interrupted in the lower cell-
angle. Before and behind it some parallel black lines, before the distal margin a black lunular line. On the
hindwing a broad blackish basal band, before it greyish-white. The distal line and the lunular line of the forewing
is continued here. In the median area dark undulate lines. 90 — 105 mm. Cape Colony. Natal. Transvaal.

2. Genus: Tissanga List.

Palpi somewhat shorter. Antennae of $ with remarkably shorter pectinations. Middle tibiae short
and swollen, at the end with two claws. Hind tibiae with 4 spurs. Shape of wings and neuration as in Striphno-
pteryx, but in the hindwing vein 8 is almost straight and close at the base connected with the cell by a fine bar.

edul

294

SCHISTISSA; PAR A JANA; MARMAROPLEGMA; JANOMIMA. By M. Gaede.

prctoriae.

uniform is.

(jabunica.

lam an i.

paragarda.

conspersa.

unicolor.

karschi .

T. pretoriae Dist. (42 a). Ground-colour of forewing smoky brown. Costal margin and distal margin
broad, and all the veins narrower reddish-yellow. Parallel to the distal margin a yellowish-white line and in
front of it a band of the same colour. These two also in the hindwing, but the basal area almost as far as
the band reddish-yellow. 90 — 100 mm. Transvaal.

3. Genus: Sclilstissa Aur.

Conspicuous by the very long pectinations of the long antennae. Palpi projecting far beyond the head.
Legs densely hairy. Hind tibiae with 2 spurs. Costal margin of forewing straight. Veins 3 and 4 rather close
together. Vein 5 near to 6. Veins d — 11 as hitherto. On the hindwing the costal margin is also straight. Vein
8 very near to the centre of the cell, veins 5, 6. and 7 about equidistant. Frenulum absent.

S. uniformis Aur. (42 b). Unicoloured blackish-brown. Forewing with grey hairs. 64 mm. Cape

Colony.

4. Genus: Parajana Aur.

Separated from Striphnopteryx by 4 spurs on the hind tibiae. Antennae shorter than the discal cell.
On the hindwing the discal cell projects more taperingly at vein 4, the anal angle is also more tapering. Type:
gabunica Aur.

P. gabunica Aur. ( = marmorata Holl.) (42 c). Dark tan-coloured. Head whitish. On the forewing
with numerous dark lunular lines. Costal margin with light grey patches. At the cross-vein a distinct white
dot. On % of the width of the wing a dark straight line, incurved from vein 7 to the costal margin, inwardly
edged with light, with white dots on the veins. Behind it a whitish faded band, likewise with dots at the veins.
On the hindwing quite similar. Before the dark line two dark lunular rows, the interspace of which is filled
with a lighter colour. 85 mm. Gabun.

P. lamani Aur. (42 b). Ground-colour fawn, head whitish. The dark line on 2 3 of the width of the wing
exactly the same, but on vein 7 and at the costal margin with a distinct black spot which, however, is also
indicated in the darker gabunica. The rest of the forewing exhibits no marking except indistinct grey clouds.
Hindwing corresponding to the forewing, but without spots at the dark line. 75 mm. Togo, Congo District.
Probably lamani is only a .form of gabunica.

5. Genus: Mar]tiaFog»lFgiiia Wllgr.

Palpi very short. Antennae of A of half the length of the costal margin, very strongly pectinated, in
the $ the pinnae are very short. Fore tibiae with two very short spurs. Forewing narrow, costal margin
somewhat curved. Cross-vein between vein 4 and 5 very concave. Veins 5 and 6 from the same place, veins
7 — 11 normal. On the hindwing the costal margin is very convex near the base. Veins 5 6 stalked, vein 7

far away from 6. Vein 8 connected with the centre of the ceil by a bar. Type: paragarda Wllgr.

M. paragarda Wllgr. (42 b). Antennae ochreous. Thorax and forewing dark wood-coloured. Veins
white, before the distal margin united into long white dents, behind them dark triangles. On 23 of the length
of the wing a broad black band parallel to the distal margin. Sometimes before it also on the veins black
streaks. Abdomen and hindwing ochreous. At the margin dark dents, more faded than on the forewing.
55 — 65 mm. Natal, Transvaal. South-West Africa.

M. conspersa Aur. Thorax brownish-grey, abdomen ochreous. Forewing greyish-white uniformly
strewn with black scales, without markings. Costal margin and fringe yellow. Hindwing the same, at the
distal margin powdered with dark. In the hindwing vein 8 is not connected with the cell by a bar. A 53 mm.
South Africa.

M. utlicolor Janse. Thorax and forewing monotonously dark red-brown. Veins still somewhat darker.
IJindwing cinnamon-brown. At the ends of the veins nut-brown pointed triangles. In the forewing of this
species veins 5 -f- 6 stalked. A 56 mm. Transvaal.

6. Genus: <J anomiiiia Aur.

Size and shape of wings similar to Striphnopteryx. Palpi short, densely hairy. Antennae of about %
of the length of the costal margin, in the A strongly pectinate, in the $ feebly. In the forewing veins 5 and 6
close together. Veins 7 — 11 normal. In the hindwing veins 5 and 6 likewise somewhat separated, 7 far behind, 8
remote from the cell. Frenulum in the A normal, in the $ feeble. All the species exhibit at the anal margin
of the hindwing near the base a large round bluish-black spot. Type: mariana White.

J. karschi Weym. (42 d). Ground-colour brownish-grey, powdered with dark. Veins partly scaled
white. The subbasal band is only in this species white, distinct in the dark surroundings. In the median area
two broad dark bands, connected by bars at veins 3 and 4. Before and behind them indistinct narrow bands.
Before the distinct dark submarginal band a conspicuous light litre very convex at vein 7. Hindwing greyish-

CYRTOJANA; LICHENOPTERYX. By M. Gaede.

295

yellow with 3 broader dark bands. The first concave in the centre, the two others feebler, between them traces
of a line, all parallel to the distal margin. 100 mm. Quango.

J. darmfelti Aur. (42 d). Forewing dark brown, powdered with black, with indistinct dark lines, dannfelli.
The inner line double, the two median lines in the centre connected by a dark spot, submarginal line strong.

Hindwing brownish-ochreous. The inner line double, the median line broad, the following line formed of spots.

Behind it a marginal line. 100 mm. Congo.

J. mariana White (52 c, d). <+ Ground-colour ochreous, densely powdered with dark. Lines double. manana.
Basal and inner lines close together. The median line concave in the centre of the wing. Before the margin
a very undulate line. The space between it and the outer line is more or less blackish, except above vein 4.

On the hindwing the inner branch of the interior line is very thick, the branches of the exterior line are both
about equally strong. Undulate line single. The $ of the species is probably an insect which also resembles
thefigure of Westwood (of westwoodi Aur.), but partly shows distinct waves at the dark lines, not only thickenings
at the veins. The inner and median lines are very close together, the ground-colour is a somewhat purer ochreous
owing to its being less densely powdered with dark. 125 mm. Congo. — nigricans /. nov. (42 c). Thorax and nigricans.
forewing dark brownish-grey, densely powdered with black. Thereby a white spot at the cross-vein is more
conspicuous, being also indicated in mariana. Lines very indistinct, single, the median line apparently somewhat
more concave. The outer line is outwardly, and the undulating line inwardly edged with light, between them
darkened as in mariana. Hindwing light greyish-yellow. The inner line is single, somewhat angular, as in
ivestwoodi. Behind it 3 about equally strong black lines. 90 mm. Cameroon. Uganda. 1 type in the Berlin
Museum. A very dark specimen in which the median line of the forewing is no more recognisable and the area
behind the exterior line is the lightest, probably also belongs to this species. Hindwing somewhat greyer than
in the type. 1 ^ 115 mm. Congo District.

J. westwoodi Aur. (mariana Westw. $). (44 a). Ochreous with blackish lines which are very distinctly westwoodi.
conspicuous, because the ground is hardly powdered with dark. Basal line feebly double. The inner and median
lines are double, the averted branches feebler. Below the cell they are more or less contiguous. The exterior
line is somewhat excurved below the costal margin, and double. Marginal line undulating. On the hindwing
the interior and median lines are double, the marginal line is single. Type from the Congo, the figured specimen
from East Africa, also in the Xyassa District. 100 mm. + — deduplicata Strd. (42 a). On the forewing the deduplicata.
interior and median lines are almost not double, distantly separated, and the marginal line is quite absent.

$ 100 mm. Northern Nyassa District. — claria Strd. is lighter greyish-yellow. Basal line distinct, somewhat claria.
angular, inner line only indicated, nearer to it than to the median line which is feebly double, the exterior line
inwardly with a grey nebidous margin ; distal margin likewise somewhat grey. On the hindwing the bands
seem to be situate a little farther distad. so that claria may be a separate species. $ 75 mm. Northern Nyassa
District.

J. mesundulata Strd. (44 a). Ochreous. All the dark lines on the forewing rather feeble. Basal line mesundu-
almost rectangularly curved at the median vein. Inner line beginning very close at the median line which is
very concave between veins 2 and 4 and very near to the inner line. Outside it is feebly double just like the
similarly shaped outer line. The submarginal line is hardly traceable. On the hindwing the inner line is
feebly concave between veins 5 and 1. The outer line is the strongest of all. behind it there are yet two less
distinct ones. ^ 100 mm. Upper Guinea. I saw a $ from the Nyassa District from the Tring Museum,
which is intermediary between westwoodi and mesundulata , so that mesundulata is probably only an abnormal
specimen.

7. Genus: C'y idojaiia Aur.

1 Separated from Janomima by short broad wings. On the hindwing vein 8 extends near the cell and

is connected with it by a bar.

C. trilineata Aur. (44 c). Reddish-brown, abdomen paler. Wings with three curved black lines from irilineata.
the centre outwards. Hindwing at the base yellowish. 52 mm. Pondoland.

8. Genus: l-Joli en op lerw Fldr.

Palpi very short. Antennae almost of half the length of the costal margin, in the $ shorter pectinate
than in the preceding genera, in the $ only very feebly pectinate. Fore tibiae with a short thorn at the tips.

Hind tibiae with two spurs. Wings broad. In the forewing vein 5 near 6, vein 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 stalked.

In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 stalked and vein 8 connected with the cell by a bar. Thereby separated from the
genus Phiala. Frenulum in the normal, in the $ feeble. Abdominal end in the $ flattened down and bent
downwards.

'

despecta.

conspersa.

angutata.

nigromacu-

lata.

rastanea.

comma.

patens.

ochrina.

296 POLOMA; SPIRAMIOPSIS ; PHYLLALIA. By M. Gaede.

L. despecta Fldr. (44 b). Greyish-brown. A dark straight inner line is sometimes indicated. Outer
line distinctly black, on the veins with inward dents. Undulating line with deep dents, the margin behind it
darker. The same marking on the hindwing very faded, the base yellowish-brown. Abdomen orange-brown.
48 — 60 mm. Natal.

L. conspersa Kby., according to the information kindly supplied by the British Museum, is a
Chrysopolomida, as Aurivilliits had already presumed.

9. Genus: Poloma Wkr.

Palpi short, legs densely hairy. Middle tibiae with 2, hind tibiae with 3 or 4 spurs. In the forewing
vein 3 is nearer to 4 than elsewhere. Vein 6 sometimes stalked with veins 7 + 8 + 9. In the hindwing veins
6 + 7 stalked and vein 8 connected with the cell before the centre by a bar. Frenulum only present in the <$.
Type : angulata Wkr.

P. angulata Wkr. (= janula Fldr.) (44 b). Body and forewing dark red-brown. Inner and outer lines
straight, double, dark, filled with light. The inner line extends from VG costa] margin obliquely distad, the
outer line is vertical on % inner margin. On the centre of the cross-vein a black dot. Around the latter as
far as the costal margin and the notched median line much lighter, also behind it as far as the outer line
at the costal margin. Behind the strongly notched undulating line at the distal margin of a purer brown.
Hindwing pinkish-brown with a faded dark median line and marginal band. The larger $ is marked the same,
but much more fadedly. 48 — 60 mm. Natal.

P. nigromaculata Aur. (41 g). Body and wings blackish-brown with two dark postmedian lines.
The first slightly concave behind the cell, the second uniformly bent, at veins 6 and 7 with black spots and
a few blacks dots at the inner margin, indicating a doubling. An oblique straight inner line is indicated. Before
it at the inner margin an intense black spot. Hindwing somewhat lighter, on the centre and behind it one
dark line each parallel to the distal margin. $ 50 mm. Natal.

The following species is somewhat different. On the prothorax a pointed short tuft bent forward. On
the fore wing the cell is longer, as the position of the cellular shows in contrast with nigromaculata. On the
hindwing the A shows a frenulum, but the bar at vein 8 is absent :

P. castanea Aur. (44 b). Body vi olettish -brown , wings reddish-brown. Forewing strewn with grey
scales. The two dark postmedian lines are undulating, uniformly curved, both slightly double. The double
inner line meets the other line at the inner margin. At the cross-vein a black, white-centred spot. At the base
of the wing a large black spot. Hindwing coloured the same; above without lines. Beneath the two dark lines
are more separated than in nigromaculata . A 50 mm. Betchuanaland.

10. Genus: ^piramiopsis Hmps.

Palpi projecting beyond the frons. Antennae of more than half the length of the costal margin, in
the d strongly, in the $ more feebly pectinate. Hind tibiae with 4 spurs. Forewing with a pointed apex, distal
margin in the centre convex. Vein 5 rather far below the upper cell-angle, 6 from the angle, veins 7 + 8 + 9 + 10
stalked. 1 1 free. In the hindwing vein 5 near the upper angle, veins 6 + 7 stalked. 8 in the centre of the cell
connected with it by a bar, behind the cell vein 7 is nearing 8. Cell very short and broad.

S. comma Hmp.s. (44 c). Thorax and base of forewing red-brown. Abdomen greyish-yellow, at the
base with a red-brown band which is edged with white. Forewing brownish-white, at the cross-vein a reverted
comma; from the latter an oblique streak extends to the inner margin and a short continuation to the costal
margin. At the apex a blackish spot, before which a dark line extends to % inner margin, inwardly accompanied
by black dots on the veins. Centre of distal margin brownish. Hindwing ochreous with a broad black median
and outer line. 55 — -60 mm. Cape Colony, Transvaal.

11. Genus: Pliyllalia Wkr.

Palpi very short. Antennae shorter than y2 the length of the costal margin, in the $ strongly, in the
$ very feebly pectinate . Fore tibiae with 2 short thorns in front. Hind tibiae with two spurs. Costal margin
of forewing straight. Vein 5 below the cell-angle. Veins 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 stalked, 10 absent, 11 free. In
the hindwing vein 5 below the angle, 6 + 7 stalked, vein 8 very near to the centre of the cell. Shape of wings
in the <$ broad and short, in the $ more elongate and more scantily scaled. Frenulum invariably absent.
Type : patens Bsd.

P. patens Bsd. (44c) ( — concolor Wkr.). A- Body and forewing unicoloured red-brown, hindwing
somewhat lighter. + Both wings about as light as in the $ hindwing. — ochrina Strd. Ground-colour of $
and $ light ochreous, the $ hindwing almost white. 65 — 85 mm. Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal. The young
larva is above black, beneath yellowish -brown, the adult larva yellowish-brown with black rings on each

Publ. 26. VII. 1927. PARAPHYLLALIA; BAN TUAN A; TRICHOPHIALA. By M. Gaede.

297

segment and long nut-brown hairs similar to Arctia caja L. On grass. Pupation in an oval dark web. Pupa
red-brown with an arched dorsum.

P. flavicostata Faivc. Body light yellowislr-brown. Both wings pale creamy with a yellowish-brown flavicosiata.
band at the costal margin, narrowing down towards the apex. Marginal line fine yellow, fringe yellowish-white.

^ 52 mm. Transvaal. According to this description the imago seems to be very similar to P. patens-ochrina,
but the larva is black, densely covered with greyish-white tubercles exhibiting yellowish-brown hairs. As these
tubercles are not mentioned in the larva of patens, it may be that flavicostata does not belong to this genus
at all.

P. umbripemiis Strd. Thorax and forewing uni-coloured blackish -brown. Abdomen and hindwing umbripen-
somewhat lighter. The apex on the forewing is apparently somewhat more pointed than in patens, but since
one specimen of patens is also somewhat darker than the others, it is perhaps not specifically different. A 60 mm.

Transvaal.

P. acuta Strd. (= alboradiata Aur.) (44 c). In the type the forewing of the A 18 greyish-brown with acuta.
a silky gloss. Hindwing somewhat lighter. Head and tegulae blackish-brown, thorax dark brown, abdomen
lighter brown (?), oily. This specimen is probably only a weakly imago (45 mnl) of alboradiata d which was
described by Aurivillius some weeks later and which shows the same pointed shape of the wings. Ground¬
colour of wings wood-brown with lighter veins. Q acuta w ith lighter body and wings, the veins on the forewing
yellowish-white. The antennae make a stronger impression only because the otherwise oblique dents are
much more steeply arranged here. The neuration of the type is different to the right and to the left. 53 to
5b mm. Cape Colony. A similar weakly specimen with abnormal veins (vein 5 in both wings near vein 4) was
before me from the Tring Museum.

P. ziczac Strd. (44 c). d- Yellowish-brown with 2 darker brown bands of the forewing. The dentate ziczac.
proximal band does not reach the costal and inner margins, with 3 tips outside and 2 inside. The distal band
from 3/4 ot the costal margin parallel to the distal margin. Right behind it the distal margin is broad darker.

On the hind wing a nebulous median band. d 45 mm. Cape Colony.

P. \alida Fldr. (43 e). d reddish-brown. On the forewing with 2 somewhat darker lines. The proximal valida.
line from 13 costal margin obliquely outwards, slightly incurved at the lower cell-edge, there to the centre
of the inner margin, very much washed out. From 3/4 costal margin parallel to the distal margin a more distinct
dark lunular line. On the hindwing traces of a median band. 80 mm. Cape Colony.

P. tliuslbergi Bsd. (= incerta Wkr.) (46 a). Thorax and forewing similarly coloured as valida. The tlnmbergi.
somewhat darker proximal band is notched, rather straight. The distal band is not so distinct as in valida ,
indistinctly notched, the curve to the costal margin is. situate farther in front and is more angular. Hindwing
somewhat lighter, the straight median band farther inwards. 70 mm. Cape Colony.

12. Genus: Paraphyllalia n. g.

Palpi and antennae similar to Phyllalia. On the forewing the costal margin is more bent. Vein 6 is
not stalked with 7 — |— 8 — (- 9. On the hindwing the neuration is as in Trichophiala, but vein 8 is not connected
with the cell by a bar. Frenulum present in the A- Thu only specimen is without its legs.

P. degenera Wkr. (43 e). Red-brown with a darker marking. The darkest is a stripe from the costal degenera.
margin near the apex to the inner margin a little before the centre. A faded stripe on the centre of the distal
area being thus formed. A notched band over the cross-vein similar as in valida is feebly indicated. Hindwing

with the continuation of the distal band from near the apex to the centre of the anal margin. 62 mm. South

Africa.

13. Genus: fiSantiaaiia Dist.

In the contours similar to Phyll. alboradiata. Fore tibiae with but one thorn. In the forewing exceptionally
also 5 + 6 stalked, and besides veins 9 + 8 + 7, thus also quite abnormal. Hindwing as in Phyllalia.

B. cregoei Dist. (44 d). Body above with long black hairs. Forewing reddish-brown with a round cregoei.

grey spot at the cross-vein. Veins in the apical area and an indistinct distal band black. Hindwing greyish-
brown. d 44 mm. Transvaal.

14. Genus: Triirliophiala Aur.

Palpi short. Antennae of d as in Lichenopteryx, in the $ only shortly pectinate. Hind tibiae with 2 spurs.

Costal margin of fore wing rather straight. Vein 5 close below the upper angle, veins 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10
stalked. In the hindwing vein 5 far in front, veins 6+7 stalked, vein 8 in the only d anastomosing with the
centre of the cell, in the 2 connected with it by a bar. Frenulum present in d, absent in +

XIV

38

298

PHIALA. By M. Gaede.

devylderi. T. devylderi Aur. (43 e). Thorax dark brownish-grey. Wings greyish-yellow, powdered with brown

and with similar bands on the fore wing, two broader ones being parallel, between them two narrow ones. Margin
powdered with dark, especially on the hindwing very broad and rather distinctly defined. Abdomen orange-
brown. 50 to 55 mm. South West Africa.

15. Genus: l*hiala Wllgr.

Palpi short. Antennae of y2 the length of the costal margin, in the $ strongly pectinate, in the $ almost
not pectinate. Fore tibiae and middle tibiae short, both at the end with a thorn, hind tibiae with 2 spurs.
Forewing of normal width, costal margin moderately curved. Vein 5 below the upper angle. Veins 6 -j— 7 8

-j- 9 + 10 stalked. Vein 10 may also be rare in single species or absent in most of them, and vein 6 may be
unstalked and even rise entirely separated from 7. In the hindwing the same is the case with 5, veins 6 + 7
on a long stalk, vein 8 anastomosing a little with the centre of the cell or connected with it by a bar.

Evidently entirely allied species are placed by the different authors either to Phiala Wllgr. or to
Stibolepis Btlr. ; we have combined the two groups here and begin with the species in which the antennal
shaft is predominantly white, whereas the pectinations are ochreous. The second group of species exhibit
dark, mostly black antennae. Most of the first group of species look like species of Spilosoma (Arctiids), the
others partly like species of Boarmia (Geometrids). Type: costipuncta H.-Sch.

I . Group : Antennae light, thorax mostly light brownish, abdomen orange-

brown.

a) costipuncta- group. Within the distal line without any marking, nearly all the species white, unless differently

mentioned.

costipuncta. P. costipuncta (H.-Sch.) ( = atomaria Whr., xanthosoma Wllgr., punctilinea Wlcr.) (44 d). On the

forewing a row of black dots from near the apex almost straight to % inner margin. On the hindwing a cur¬
ved distal row of dots being situate far beyond those of the forewing. Both may also be united forming a
angola, fine line. 42 to 46 mm. Congo, South Africa. — angola Strd., almost without any marking, may occur every-

ochritincta. where. — ochritincta Strd. resembles the typical form, but it is ochreous on both wings, finely dusted with black.

Transvaal. Separable from yellow specimens of marshalli by the more oblique course of the row of dots on the
fore wing.

similis. P. similis Aur. Head and collar yellowish. Thorax white. The row of dots on the forewing as in costi¬

puncta. Those on the hindwing are situate farther inwards, so that they almost appear to be the continuation
of the row on the forewing. 47 mm. Transvaal.

marshalli. P. marshalli Aur. (41 i). Head and thorax sulphur-coloured. Forewing varying between sulphur-

coloured and white. On the forewing the black dots are similarly arranged as in costipuncta. On the hindwing the
row of dots is very near to the anal angle. Beneath yellowish- white, only at the costal margin ochreous.
reussi. 35 to 42 mm. East Africa, Maslrona Land. — reussi Strd. is the form with pure white wings. East Africa.

venusta. P. veiiusfa Wkr. (44 cl). Wings white, with an intense gloss. The band of the forewing begins at %

inner margin with a black vertical streak followed by a fine row of dots parallel to the distal margin, not as
far as the costal margin. On the hindwing the row of dots is similarly arranged as in marshalli. 45 to 55 mm.
Sierra Leone, Cameroon. In a $ from Cameroon the band of the forewing extends to the costal margin. On
the hindwing it is somewhat angular at the costal margin, the end at the anal angle is situate farther inwards:
angulata. angulata /. nov. (47 e). 58 mm. Type in the Berlin Museum.

crassistriga. P. crassistriga Strd. (= incurva Aur.) (44 d). Similar to a large wichgrafi. Wings pure white with

few black scales. The black bands are very strong, those of the forewings centrally slightly concave, those of
the hindwings straight, often broken up into spots. Strand may be right in presuming this to be a large form
of costipuncta. 40 to 50 mm. East Africa, Nyassa District.

flavina. P. flavina sp. n. (41 h). Head yellow, thorax brownish, abdomen orange brown. Wings slightly

yellow. On the fore wing a black band similar to crassistriga, but in the centre distally bent with streaks on
the veins. The black dots on the hindwing are very near to the distal margin. Beneath unicoloured ochreous
brown. A 4:0 mm. Lganda. Type in the Tring Museum.

wichgrafi. P. wichgrafi Strd. (41 i). Both wings slightly yellowish-white with a fine ochreous marginal line,

densely dusted with black. As the transverse band ends somewhat farther inwards at the inner margin of the
forewing, it is probably no form of costipuncta, but a separate species. Besides there are often near the distal
margin traces of another band of densely arranged black scales. On the hindwing likewise a slightly curved
band. $ 36 mm. Transvaal.

niveociliata. P. niveociliata Strd. (41 h). Hair on thorax pure white. Band of forewing somewhat excurvrd formed

of densely arranged black scales. Besides another feebler band near the distal margin. Interior area finely
dusted with dark. On the hindwing often a curved outer band, particularly distinct near the costal margin.

PHI ALA. By M. Gaede. 299

It may be that pulverea Dist. was a $ of this species without any bands. In this case this name would be prior.

G 38 mm. South-West Africa.

P. albidorsata sp. n. (47 e). Head orange-yellow, thorax white, abdomen orange-brown. Wings albidorsata.
white with few black scales. The fine black apical line on the forewing is similar as in niveociliata Strd. The
dots on the hindwing are arranged as in flavina. Beneath only at the margins and particularly at the apex
of the forewing ochreous brown. S 38 mm. Betchuana Land. Type in the Berlin Museum.

P. bistrigata Aur. (41 h). Wings white, strewn with black scales. Forewing with a broad band from bistrigaia.
near the apex to the centre of the inner margin, slightly excurved below the centre of the wing. Before the
distal margin a somewhat feebler narrower band. On the hindwing a uniformly curved median band and a
very narrow one almost at the margin. 40 to 50 mm. Cape Colony. — eurvistriga Strd. is much more eurvistriga.
intensely dusted with dark in the cell and shows a mostly distinctly undulating marginal band. $ 50 to 60 mm.

East Africa.

P. unistriga sp. n. (41 g). Head and thorax light brown, abdomen orange-brown. Wings white. Apical unistriga.
line similar as in bistrigata, but the distal line is absent. The patch in the cell is much feebler. Hindwing at
the base somewhat ochreous. No traces of a band. Beneath slightly brownish. G 40 mm. Nyassa District.

Type in the Tring Museum. *

The three following species are somewhat allied to venusta.

P. simplex Auriv. (47 e). Head and tegula yellowish. Thorax white. Wings pure white. The band simplex.
on the forewing is fine, beginning vertical at the inner margin as in venusta. On the hindwing it is slightly waved,
its end near the anal angle. Beneath white with slightly yellow veins. 46 mm. East Africa.

P. pretoriana Wichgr. (44 f). Compared by the author in the shape of the marking with marshalli, pretoriana.
by Strand, who sarv the type, with venusta. According to a specimen of the Berlin Museum, probably an
aberrative simplex, in which the row of dots on the hindwing bends distally from vein 6. 50 mm. Transvaal.

P. cutokularis Strd. (44 e) may be the form of simplex corresponding to venusta-angulata. The cubicularis.
indistinct band of the hindwing extends distinctly less curved. On the forewing there are besides traces of a
marginal band to be noticed. 50 mm. East Africa.

b) flavipennis- group.

Not white species. Wings more or less densely dusted in the median area or across the whole surface.

Fore wing without a median band.

P. flavipennis Wllgr. (41 i). Thorax and forewing yellowish- white. Fringe orange yellow. A band flavipennis.

of black scales from the apex in the direction to the centre of the inner margin as far as the median vein and

along the latter farther inwards. Before the distal margin a band-like accumulation of scales. Hindwing orange-
yellow, at the distal margin dusted with blackish. 38 to 40 mm. Transvaal.

P. polita Dist. (41 h). Also the thorax and forewing orange yellow. On the median vein and between polita.
the veins 2 to 6 dusted with black of a variable intensity. Hindwing with but single black scales. 40 mm.

Transvaal.

P. dasypoda Wllgr. (41 i). Wings slightly brownish. Near the distal margin of both wings a row of short dasypoda.
blackish -brown streaks, centrally excurved. Behind it on the forewing sometimes a brownish undulate line.

On the hindwing dark scales before the margin. S 45 mm. Transvaal, Natal.

P. fuscodorsata Aur. (41 g) is similar to a small somewhat greyish-yellow dasypoda. In the forewing fuscodorsa-
the row of streaks is fused into a band. The median vein and partly veins 2 to 4 with an accumulation of dark ta-

scales, also towards the inner margin dusted with dark. 34 mm. East Africa.

P. abyssinica Aur. Thorax and forewing greyish -brown, forewing densely dusted with dark brown, abyssinica.
so that only the veins remain light. From near the apex to the centre of the inner margin a broad dark brown
band, behind it somewhat lighter. Hindwing similar, on the veins blackish-brown streaks. $ less intensely
dusted. 50 mm. Abyssinia.

P. tanganyikae Strd. Similar to abyssinica. Band of forewing straighter. Hindwing without the tanganyi-
black streaks. 50 mm. Tanganyika District. kae-

P. patagiata Aur. Very similar to vaninia. Patagia with black hairs. Ground-colour of forewing darker, patagiata.
but also with white veins. Hindwing grey with a black postmedian band and a marginal band. $ 44 mm. Cape
Colony.

P. vaninia Stoll. (44 f). The whole body orange-brown. Patagia whitish with a few brown hairs, vaninia.
Forewing dark ochreous brown, veins broad white. Hindwing the same, but paler in the S', in the only $ whitish,
only at the margin somewhat brownish. 44 mm. Cape Colony.

PHIALA. By M. Gaede.

arrecta .

incana.

'punctulata.

alba.

difficilis.

sirigifera.

atomaria.

pseudato-

maria.

sublimbalis.

bamenda.

subochracea.

hologram¬

ma.

subirides-

cens.

infuscata.

; postmedia -
Us.

novemlinea-

ta.

300

c) a^a-group.

Mostly white, occasionally also brownish species with almost vertical bands. Those species that are
more intensely marked recall Boarmia- species.

P. arrecta Dist. (44 e). Head orange, thorax almost white. The white forewing is finely powdered
with black. A distal band of black scales from % inner margin vertically forward, slightly excurved behind
the cell. At the centre of the costal margin traces of the median band. Hindwing with a few black scales at
most, without a real band. 40 — 45 mm. Transvaal.

P. incana Dist. was only obtained once by the author. According to the figure it is presumably only
an aberrative arrecta without any bands at all. 45 mm. Transvaal.

P. punctulata Pagst. ( = nyassana Strd.) (41 h). Described according to the specimens in the Berlin
Museum having been identified by Strand. Thorax and forewing yellowish -white, with bands of black scales
arranged in the apical end as in arrecta , but extending from there rectilinearly to the inner margin. The indistinct
median band at the costal margin as in arrecta, besides a basal band. On the hindwing an extinct band running
to the anal angle. Sometimes also a median band as on the forewing. 45 to 50 mm. Nyassa District.

P. alba Aur. (= pagana Strd.) (44 f). Wings milky white. Hindwing at the anal margin slightly
oclireous. Typical alba has but few black dots from % inner margin rectilinearly, somewhat obliquely distad
to the costal margin. — In difficilis Strd. the band of blackish-brown spots is much more distinct. — In
strigif era Strd. (44 f) it is very intense and, besides, there are traces of an undulating line before the distal margin.
( pagana was a large $ without markings).

P. atomaria Holt. Head reddish, thorax grey. Wings pale grey, densely powdered with dark. Transverse
lines only recognisable at the costal margin of the forewing, especially at the base. Distal margin dark grey
fringe ashy grey. Hindwing not specially described. On the under surface behind the cell traces of bands as
in pseudatomaria. Owing to the dark distal margin it may also have been a bad specimen cf infuscata. <$ 55 mm.
East Africa.

P. pseudatomaria Strd. (45 a). The proximal and median lines on the forewing vertical to the inner
margin, both intro-angular close below the costal margin, double, the averted branches often feebler. Distal
line single, somewhat incurved behind the cell, the most distinct of all. Behind it a feeble undulate lme. On
the hindwing the median line is double, uniformly curved, behind it the distal line is somewhat stronger. 50 mm.
East Africa. — sublimbalis Strd. (44 f) having been described as a form of postmedialis probably belongs
to this species. The distal line is more prominent in both wings, the others are situate as in pseudatomaria -<$,
as far as they are recognisable. It may be the normal $ of it. $ 60 mm. East Africa.

P. bamenda Strd.. according to the author, is characterised by the antennae of the $ being very
distinctly pectinate, though this also occurs for instance in alba. Otherwise the species is similar to pseudatomaria,
but behind the double proximal line follows another one. The others are only distinct at the costal margin.
On the hindwing all the lines are absent. 58 mm. Cameroon.

P. subochracea Strd. (44 d). The double proximal line on the forewing is straight, extending somewhat
obliquely distad. Also the distal line is rectilinearly undulated and very distinct. The median and marginal
lines are very indistinct. On the yellowish hindwing there are traces of a distal line. 65 mm. East Africa.

P. hologramma Aur. (44 e). Similar to subochracea, but the lines are much more distinct, the ground
intensely dusted with dark. Distal line somewhat excurved between veins 4 and 2. The shape of the marginal
line rs apparently the same as in subochracea. On the hindwing a double median line and 3 curved undulating
lines. 48 to 55 mm. East Africa, Uganda.

P. subiridescens Holl. is perhaps allied to hologramma. Not recognisable from the description and

figure.

P. infuscata Grunbg. (44 e). The double proximal line as in subochracea, but behind it another parallel
stronger line extending from the median vein near the somewhat curved median line. Between them intensely
powdered with brown. The distal line lias a shape like that of postmedialis, distally edged with light, behind
it darkened as in the median area. The light marginal line therein distinct. On the hindwing the distal line
is also edged with light, rather straight. Behind it broadly dark. $ 55 mm. East Africa.

P. postmedialis Strd. (44 e). Coloured like pseudatomaria. The 3 proximal lines are rather uniformly
excurved. The double median line is incurved at vein 2. Distal line very strong. Marginal line hardly indicated.
On the hindwing only the distal line is present. $ 60 mm. East Africa.

P. novemlineata Aur. (47 e). Ground-colour whitish oclrreous. Distal line as distinct as rn the two
preceding species. Near the base of the forewing 3 or 4 straight, blackish, vertical lines. Median line similar

SAB ALIA. By M. Gakujs.

301

to postmedialis , behind it 3 more parallel, somewhat feebler lines. Distal line uniformly curved. On the hindwing
the distal line is nearer to the distal margin than elsewhere. A 53 mm. Uganda.

d) nigrolineata-group.

P. odites Schaus. Head and collar orange. On the forewing the veins in the distal area are brown, odites.
on the hindwing yellowish. A 50 mm. Sierra Leone.

P. nigrolineata Aur. (= nigrovenata B.-Balc.) (43 a). Very similar. Thorax somewhat brownish, nigrolinea-
Veins in fore wing black, in hindwing mostly also somewhat black, especially on veins 4 to 6. Forewing beneath
in the apical area blackish-brown, unlike the similar odites. 50 mm. Togo. — ochrescens Grunbg. i. 1. Above ochrescens.
and beneath somewhat yellowish. Veins darker. — rubrivena limps, differs from nigrolineata in broad reddish- rubrivena.
brown veins. Quite extreme specimens with an intense ochreous ground-colour and broad blackish-brown
veins are chrysargyra Wichgr. (43 a). On the hindwing often yet a faded dark band. This is the most extreme chry-sargy-
form. All three from the Tanganyika District, North Rhodesia, Transvaal. ra'

P. uelleburgensis Strd. (45 a). Head and prothorax orange brown, behind brownish. Costal margin uelleburgen-
of forewing broad black. In both wings the veins are black, at the margin, especially in the forewing, expanded s^'s'•

into triangles. Beneath the apical area is not black. $ 70 mm. Uelleburg.

II. Group. Antennae more or less black.

P. cunina Stoll (= fervidaria F nivea Btlr.) (43 a). Head and collar orange-brown, thorax greyish- cunina.
white, abdomen orange brown. Wings milky white. At the costal margin blackish-brown spots from which
near the base about 4 cpiite indistinct narrow bands proceed, besides one near the centre. Distal margin broad
blackish-brown. At the margin a mostly feeble white lunular line inwards followed. by a distinct white undulate
line, so that the apices of the two lines touch each other. Hindwing pure white, the marginal marking feebler.

Beneath the forewing at the apex broader dark and the distal margin of both wings narrow. $ 65 mm.

Sierra Leone, Cameroon.

P. ochriventris Strd. (45 a). Head and collar black. Basal bands of forewing as in cunina , marginal ochriventris.
bands of both wings very broad, between veins 2 and 4 as convex as in albida. Also beneath the costal and
distal margins of both wings are broad blackish-brown. $ 75 mm. Cameroon. It may be the £ of cunina
or albida.

P. albida Plotz (43 a). Head and collar black, thorax grey. In the basal area of the forewing the albida.
same. Marginal band distally narrowed above vein 4, its inner edge convex between veins 4 — 2, although the
band neither reaches to the distal margin, and it is often narrowed down into a black notched line. At the
distal margin black streaks on most of the veins, surrounded by white. Fringes with black spots. On the hindwing
likewise at the margin black streaks and in front of them little spots. 65 mm. Cameroon. — abluta 11 oil. only abluta.
differs in a stronger row of small spots before the marginal band of the forewing, whereas in typical albida it
is feeble and interrupted.

P. sabalina Rbl. (45 a). Forewing in the interior area whitish, the outer third being umber-brown, sabalina.
inwardly distinctly defined by light. Veins black. On the hindwing the broad margin is curved parallel to
the distal margin. 56 mm. East Africa.

16. Genus: §abalia Wkr.

Palpi thin, long-haired, as long as the frons. Antennae of more than half the length of the costal margin.

In the d less long pectinate than in other genera, in the $ almost the same. Fore tibiae short. First tarsal joint
with a long spur in front and a short one behind. Hind tibiae with two spurs. Forewing with a straight
costal margin, apex rather pointed. Anterior cell-angle often sharply projecting, in which case vein 6 is not
stalked with veins 7 + 8 + 9, .10 being absent. In the hindwing vein 5 below the cell-angle, veins 6 -j- 7 often
on a short stalk, vein 8 connected with the centre of the cell by a bar. Frenulum absent in $ and §. Type:
picarina Wkr. — According to Prof. Ivarsch closely allied with Brahmaea. though the differences are rather
great enough to separate the family of Brahmaeidae for them.

S. picarina Wkr. (43 b). Body blackish, collar white, abdominal segments with orange edges. Forewing picarina.
blackish -brown with a white band at the costal margin as far as % of its length, then to 2a of the inner
margin and vertical to the costal margin. Veins white. Hindwing white, margin broad blackish-brown
with white veins. 68 to 88 mm. East Africa. Zambesi.

S. thalia Fawc. Similar to picarina. On the forewing the interior band at the inner margin distantly thalia.
separated from the outer band. On the hindwing also the basal area is blackish-brown, leaving white only
a narrow distal band. On both wings the cross-vein is black. ^ 60 mm. East Africa.

302

H EMI JANA. By M. Gaede.

jacksoni.

tippelskir-

chi.

fiilleborni.

fulvicincta.

sericaria.

euterpe.

subrosea.

ruberrima.

griseola.

variegata.

S. jacksoni Sharpe (43 lb). Body blackish-brown, collar laterally with a yellowish-white spot. Ab¬
dominal segments edged with orange, laterally yellowish-white. Wings yellowish -white with a brownish black
marking. All the veins dark brown. From y3 of the costal margin obliquely distad a band, another band before
the broad dark distal margin. Between veins 2 and 4 more darkened than at the other veins. Cross-vein broad
dark. Hindwing with a distal band and dark margin. 65 — 80 mm. East Africa.

S. tippelskirclii Karsch. (43 b). Very similar, but larger. The white shoulder-spot is absent, the abdomen
almost without segmental margins. Between veins 2 and 4 above and beneath almost not darker. The distal
bands are much broader than the margin. $ 80 — 95 mm. East Africa.

S. fiilleborni Karsch. (45 b). Body as in tippelskirchi. The interior band on the fore wing is situate
farther distad. much broader, fused with the black cross-vein. The distal bands still broader. $ 80 — 85 mm.
Nyassa District.

S. fulvicincta limps. Body similar to jacksoni. Eorewing blackish -brown. Below the base of the
costal margin whitish, also in the cell-end, below the cell as far as the base of vein 2, and in the basal half
at the inner margin. Behind the cell a spot parted by vein 5 and three spots below it. Before the distal margin
7 white spots, the anterior ones being prolonged. Hindwing yellowish-white as far as beyond the centre, veins
therein black. Margin black with 6 light spots. 65 mm. Nyassa Land.

S. sericaria Weym. (43 b). Similar to a light small fulvicincta. Body blackish -brown, abdominal
segments narrow orange. Ground-colour milky white with smoke-brown veins and a similar marking in the
cell almost to the end and on the cross-vein. Distal band narrow, sub marginal band only to the centre of the
wing. Hindwing with a somewhat dark cross-vein. Distal band narrow. 40 — 45 mm. East Africa. - — euterpe
Fawc. is more intensely marked with dark. On the forewing below the base of vein 2 another short band to
the inner margin. The submarginal band also reaches almost to the inner margin. $ 45 mm. East Africa.

Subordinate Family: Janinae.

On the forewing the distance of the base from veins 4 — 5 is mostly not longer than the distance between
veins 5 — 6. Vein 10 is absent, 11 free or forming a short bar between 9 and 12. On the hindwing the distance
of veins 4 — 5 is not or little longer than that of veins 5 — 6, but mostly much shorter. Between 5 and 6
the cross-vein is angular, mostly at its upper end.

17. Genus: Hemijaiaa Aur.

A short proboscis is present. Palpi short, not projecting beyond the frons. Antennae longer than %
of the costal margin, also in the $ with short pectinations. Hind tibiae with 4 long spurs. In the forewing
vein 5 exceptionally rather considerably above the centre of the cross-vein, 6 free or on a short stalk with
7 + 84-9, 10 absent. In the hindwing vein 5 nearer to the lower cell-angle, 6 + 7 stalked, 8 connected with
the cell by a bar. Fremdum absent in 4 and ?• Type : subrosea Aur.

H. subrosea Aur. (46 a). <+ Thorax and forewing greyish reddish-brown, rarely on the forewing
pink. The interior line from 1 , costal margin obliquely distad, straight. The median and exterior lines undulating,
uniformly curved, nearing each other at the inner margin. On the cross-vein two black dots and a third on
its inside. Hindwing and abdomen pink or pinkish-brown. Hindwing beneath with 2 postmedian lines. $
also on the thorax and forewing pink. The two lines on the forewing above and on the hindwing beneath
are somewhat more separate. 50 — 55 mm. Natal, Transvaal (4). East Africa.

H. ruberrima Rothsch. IJead brown. Body and forewing salmon-coloured and greyish-red. At the
cross-vein also 3 dots. Interior line absent, instead of it 3 undulating dark grey exterior lines. Margin salmon-
colourecl. Hindwing salmon-coloured mixed with carmine. 60 mm. Angola. This was perhaps only a subrosea
with a particularly distinct undulate line.

B. griseola Rothsch. Forewing yellowish brownish-grey. A chocolate-brown basal spot at the inner
margin. Interior line obliquely to the base of vein 2. Exterior line strongly angled and undulating, brown,
behind it a feebler line at which there are 3 dark brown spots nr the subapical area. Hindwing cinnamon-brown
with a nebulous dark median and exterior line. A 54 mm. Natal. The species is apparently very similar to
Poloma nigromaculata.

H. variegata Rothsch. Thorax chocolate-brown, abdomen orange-brown. Forewing cinnamon-pink
and whitish. Distal third umber-brown and pink. At the base of the inner margin 3 large umber -brown spots
and different lines. A black spot at the cross- vein and behind it a brown one. Distal third sharply separated
from the pale interior area. Hindwing salmon-coloured, distal third fadedly greyish-brown. J 55 mm. Dela-
goa Bay.

JANA. By M. Gaede.

303

18. Genus: •Sana Wkr

Palpi somewhat projecting beyond the head. Antennae of hardly (+ of the length of the costal margin,
in the + long, in the $ shorter pectinated. Hind tibiae with long spins. Forewing broad. Veins 3 — 6 at about
equal distances from the cell, veins 7 + 8 + 9 stalked, vein 10 absent. In the hindwing likewise veins 3 — 6
at equal distances, 6 and 7 separated half as far, 8 near the base connected with the cell by a bar. Frenulum
in the + present, in the $ feeble or absent. Type: eurymas H.-Sch.

J. strigina Westw. (43 c). Reddish-brown, between the antennae in the $ white. Forewing with a strigina.
light straight subbasal and interior line obliquely distad. The third and fourth lines obliquely proximad, slightly
excurved in the centre. All outside edged with dark. Before tire fourth a broad faded light lunular line, behind
it large light spots. The area before the 3 other lines likewise somewhat lighter. Hindwing with a broad light
interior band and double median band, both straight, the exterior one notched. At the anal margin at the
base a large black spot, between the light bands likewise black. 115 — 135 mm. Sierra Leone, Togo, Cameroon,

Congo. — camerunica Aur. The third and fourth lines on the forewing straight, distal area very dark. On the camerunica.
hindwing the black basal spot longer. The blackening between the light bands more washed out. + 140 mm.

Cameroon. — nobilis Holt, is said to differ in the grey ground-colour with a dark brown and black marking, nobilis.
Abdominal segments edged with black, but from Holland’s figure this cannot be seen. Cameroon, Congo.

— agrippina Weym. (46 b). More fadedly marked, between the second and third lines lightest. Otherwise the agrippina.
faded brightening is absent. On both wings a strong undulating line. 9 125 mm. East Africa.

J. pseudostrigina Rothsch. Paler than strigina. In the light area on the inside of the fourth line a pseudostri-
row of arrow-heads united into lunae, instead of a double row of separate small spots. On the hindwing the gum.

interior band is narrower. Congo.

J. preciosa Aur. (43 d). Easily recognisable by the very much projecting point at the apex of the preciosa.
forewing. <+ mostly ochreous, + more reddish particularly on the hindwing. Collar black, patagia without
a spot. Lines blackish-brown. The two first very obliquely distad, almost parallel. The third and fourth also
almost parallel, in the centre slightly inserted. Between them two dark rows of dots or streaks and light veins.

Hindwing with 2 broad black bands, the exterior band of lunular spots. 95 — 110 mm. Cameroon. Congo.

J. eurymas H.-Sch. (43 c). Larger than preciosa. Antennae of $ shorter pectinated than usual. Marking eurymas.
similar, colour very variable, + mostly greyish ochreous, 2 violettish-brown. Abdomen of + orange-red, in
the $ brownish-red. A black shoulder-spot always present. On the fore wing at the cross-vein mostly 3 or 4
small black spots. At the inner margin the second and third lines are mostly contiguous, in other specimens
the distance is greater. 115 — 140 mm. Togo, Cameroon. — In caesarea Weym. (46 b) the third and fourth caesarea.
lines are straight, the third slightly doubling outwards. In the type the exterior band of the hindwing is very
broad. $ 140 mm. East Africa. — transvaalica Strand is the form figured by Distant, in which only the fourth transvadli-
line is present; it occurs also elsewhere and hardly deserves a special name. ca-

J, propinquestria Strd. (45 b). In the colour similar to eurymas. On the forewing the first line is propinque-
moderately distinct, the second is absent, also the spots at the cross-vein. The third and fourth are almost stria.

parallel, vertical to the inner margin and close together. Behind the third traces of a doubling, before the
fourth very light. Hindwing as in eurymas. + 100 mm. Cameroon.

J. roseata Rothsch. Body pink mixed with brown. Forewing salmon-coloured and powdered with roseata.
pinkish -brown. On the cross-vein a tripartite dark spot. The first and second lines are oblique, only the second
is more distinct, the third curved, the fourth straight, all 4 black. On the hindwing the interior band is somewhat
indistinct, the exterior one very broad, at the distal margin indented. + much redder, the lines on the forewing
more indistinct. (+) 130 — 120 mm (2). East Africa, Angola.

J. aurivilliusi Rothsch. 9 antennae black. Body reddish-brown powdered with black. Forewing the aurivilliusi.
same. On the cross-vein a pale streak, before it 2 incomplete black lines. Behind them the third and fourth
lines double, and a zigzag line. Hindwing less powdered with black, with a large black basal spot. Behind
it an inner and two outer undulating broad bands and one before the distal margin. 130 mm. Niger
District.

J. obscura Aur. (45 b). Head yellowish, the rest of the body and the wings greyish-brown. On the obscura.
forewing the third line is centrally incurved, the fourth double, filled with whitish. Behind it on the veins
white dots. The first two lines are absent. On the hindwing a narow light outer band, behind it broadly somewhat
darker. $ 90 mm. Gold Coast.

J. variegata Rothsch. Body red-brown, thorax with black and white hairs. Forewing olive brown; variegata.
veins, except at the margin, black, with numerous transverse lines which are edged with white and bordered
by a double black exterior line being filled with white and centrally excurved. In the marginal area 2 black
bands, the inner one broader, blacker. Hindwing cinnamon-brown with a black oviform basal spot, 2 black

germana.

gracilis.

tantalus .

nigristriata .

junebris.

indecisa .

anaemica.

insignifica.

tripunctata.

roseobrun-

nea.

304 HOPLOJANA. By M. Gaede.

median bands, between them somewhat darker, and 2 exterior bands, all of which vary in width and intensity.
100 — 125 mm. Angola.

J. germana Roihsch. Thorax smoky grey with yellow hairs. Forewing dark grey with pale yellow
scales and 5 more or less double blackish-brown zigzag lines. Hindwing light redclish-brown, in the distal half
somewhat powdered with black, with 3 complete blackish-brown bands and a parted one. 100 mm. East
Africa.

J. gracilis Wkr. (= polymorpha Aur.) (43 d). Light or dark olive-brown. On the forewing with 5
dark lines, all of which are centrally excurved, towards the inner margin nearer to the base, the third and
fourth being there closer together, the fifth more distinct, somewhat straighter, before it broad whitish. Before
the distal margin a strongly notched dark line. Between veins 5 and 7 a darkening projects from the margin
far inwards. On the hindwing darker from the unifor mly curved median line to beyond the pale yellow undulate
line. 90 — 95 mni. Sierra Leone, CaJneroon, Congo. Spanish Guinea, L. Albert.

J. tantalus H.-Schdff. (= signifera Wlcr., crepax Wllgr.) (43 d). Head yellowish- white, thorax red-
brown. Forewing little lighter. Interior line dark, obliquely distad. On the cross-vein a light spot in a black
stripe. Behind it the median line is uniformly curved, dark. Exterior line double, filled with light, very wavy
with very long black rays at the veins inwards. Distal area dark with a light undulating line. Hindwing light
reddish-brown. Median line as on the forewing. Margin broad blackish with a light lunular line. 90 — 100 mm.
South Africa.

J. nigristriata Janse (45 c) is probably only a form of tantalus. The waved distal line is farther separated
from the median line, and the undulating line somewhat less far. On the hindwing the median line is absent.
The light lunular line has become a light band being outside straightly defined, whereas inside it is yet luniformly
notched. Transvaal.

J. funebris sp. n. (45 c). Thorax and base of forewing dark violettish-brown, the rest of the forewing
little lighter. At the cross-vein a triangular black spot. The dark median line is narrower than in tantalus ,
behind it a parallel light line cut by black veins. The light undulating line is close at it. These lines are
continued on the somewhat lighter hindwing. Beneath only 2 lines each instead of the many lines in tantalus.
$ 85 mm. Harrar, Abyssinia. Type in the Tring Museum.

J . chalepteryx Fldr., according to the kind information by Dr. Jordan, is no Eupterotida, but an
Indo-Australian Lymantriid .

19. Genus: 3fo|»loj ana Aur.

Almost as Jana. Antennae somewhat longer. Fore tibiae at the end with 1 or 2 thorns. On both wings
vein 3 nearer to 4 than to 2. On the forewing vein 6 from the upper cell-angle, between 5 and 6 the cross¬
vein is somewhat angular. Type: indecisa Aur.

H. indecisa Aur. (44 a). Thorax and base of forewing red-brown, the rest lighter, with a slight violet
reflection. On the cross-vein a light somewhat triangular spot. Median and exterior lines distinct, dark, straight,
almost vertical to the inner margin. Behind the median line and behind the strongly notched undulating
line as far as the distal margin darker. Abdomen and hindwing at the base pinkish orange, otherwise similar
to the forewing. The two lines are faded, behind them darker. 65 — 90 mm. East Africa.

H. anaemica Hmps. (45 b). Quite pale pinkish-brown. On the forewing a black celhdar spot only
traceable. The two lines almost straight, obliquely inwards. 85 mm. North Rhodesia.

H. insignifica Rothsch. Body and wings yellowish olive-grey. Head dark brownish-grey. Forewing
with a dark grey spot at the cross-vein. Distal line dark grey, behind it irregular dark grey lines, as well as
grey and brown spots. Before the margin a macular band being broad at veins 6 — 5, narrow at the ends.
Hindwing with a dark grey median band. $ 105 mm. Congo. This may be the $ of Phasicnecus maculifera.

H. tripunctata Aur. (= rustica Strd.) (45 c). $ ochreous, $ somewhat suffused with reddish. Thorax
olive-brown. Forewing with 4 dark lines. The two near the base straight, obliquely distad, often only one
of them distinct. The median and distal lines almost not excurved in the centre. Median line outside accompanied
by a curved wavy line, at the outer line broader dark spots. At the cross-vein a large tripartite black
spot. Hindwing at the base and inner margin pink, otherwise like the forewing. Median band rather broad,
washed out, distal band notched at its outer edge. In a $ from the Coll. Weymer the deep darkening on the
fore wing behind the median line almost extends to the exterior line. The width of the other dark bands is
also correspondingly greater. 110 — 125 mm. East Africa.

H. roseotoruffiiea Rothsch. Head and thorax dark chocolate-brown, abdomen pinkish-brown. Forewing
at the costal margin and at the base smoky brown with 2 convex black lines. Behind them pinkish-brown.

Publ. 16. I. 1928.

ACROJANA. By M. Gaede.

305

Cross- vein black. Distal half browner with 2 dark brown lines. The outer line double, filled with pink. Veins
in the distal third black. Hindwing smoky grey, tinted with pink, with 2 feeble bands. Marginal area more
intensely pink. $ similar though without pink. Abdomen and fringes of both wings yellowish. 90 — 100 mm.

Uganda.

H. soricis Rothsch. Body brownish-grey. Forewing grey and brownish-grey, distal third darker soricis.
brownish-grey. At the base 2 dark lines opposite each other. A median and outer dark line with a light space
between them. Hinclwing as far as 3/5 inside light grey, outside brownish-grey with an interior, shadow-like,
dark band. Margin in both wings dingy yellow. 100 — 115 mm. Sierra Leone.

H. rhodoptera Gerst. (45 d). Head yellow, thorax dark red-brown, abdomen orange-brown. Forewing rhodoptera.
rather uniformly brown or reddish-brown. Around the cross- vein 2 to 4 small black spots. Median line
dark, feebly S-shaped, outer line incurved at the costal margin, double, filled with white, with short dents on
the inside. Behind it somewhat darker, only the lunular line light. Hindwing as far as the median line pink,
behind the undulating outer line darker. 85 — 100 mm. East Africa.

H. abyssinica Rothsch. is smaller than the similar rhodoptera. Thorax and forewing drab. Median abyssinica.
line replaced by a fine nebulous line. Hindwing yellowish -grey with reddish-brown hairs at the anal margin.

80 — 95 mm. Abyssinia.

H. distincta Rothsch. (46 a). Head reddish-yellow, thorax smoky brown, abdomen pinkish -brown. On distincta.
the fore wing the interior two thirds are smoky brown and cinnamon-brown. At the cross-vein a tripartite black
spot. Behind it a nebulous dark median line and a double, slightly undulating outer line, filled with fawn-colour,
with sagittary spots at the veins. The distal third is halved by a notched nebulous line. Inside of it yellowish-
grey, behind it cinnamon pinkish-grey. Hindwing pinkish cinnamon, the distal third somewhat grey, parted by
a nebulous undulate line. 80 — 90 mm. East Africa. It is doubtful whether the figured specimen belongs to this
species, since the median band is by no means shadow-like. From the common rhodoptera it differs in the some¬
what different course of the lines in the forewing and more intensely red hindwing.

H. zernyi Gschw. Greyish -brown. Collar and shoulder-spots black. On the forewing the first line from zemyi.
the base and the second l cm distant from it, vertical to the costal margin. On the cross-vein a tripartite black
spot. The third and fourth lines are parallel, vertical to the inner margin and here close at the second line. In
the distal area a light undulating line. Hindwing lighter greyish-brown with 2 broad black bands, particularly
the second very broad (14 mm). 1 <$ 152 mm. East Africa. If the species is really a Hoplojana, its denomination
is justified, but it seems to be a J. caesarea the second band of which is situate abnormally far distad.

H. purpurata Wichgr. Forewing withouth markings, of a dull purple red. At the costal margin and purpurata.
base glowing red. Fringes yellowish -red. Hindwing like forewing, at the base yellowish. 70 mm. Sierra Leone.

20. Genus: Acrojaua Aur.

Palpi projecting somewhat beyond the frons. Antennae of y3 of the length of the costal margin, in

the <$ moderately long pectinated, in the $ shorter. Hind tibiae with 4 spurs. On the 9 forewing the apex is

produced. Vein 5 a little below the centre of veins 4 and 6. Above vein 5 the cross-vein is directed very much
inward. Vein 6 somewhat separated from veins 7 + 8 + 9. In the hindwing vein 5 is the same, 6 and 7 dis¬
tantly separated, 8 nearing the centre of the cell, where it is connected with it by a bar. Type: sciron Drc.

A. sciron Drc. ( = ochracea Strd.) (45 d). Thorax and forewing red-brown. A straight dark line from sciron.
near the apex of the forewing to % inner margin, before it dusted with grey. Close behind it a lead-coloured
line, the ends of which are somewhat excurved. Hindwing similarly coloured. From the costal margin to below
the cell and to the distal line pinkish-brown with 2 straight dark lines from % and 4/5 of the anal margin to

the apex. At the anal margin and behind the distal line lead-coloured scales. In the 9 the grey irroration ol

the fore wing is more extensive. In the distal area a grey and a greenish stripe. In the hindwing of the 9 the 2
lines are closer together. The light costal margin extended to the distal margin. 90 — 120 mm. Sierra Leone,

Cameroon.

A. splendida Rothsch. Thorax violettish-grey, abdomen paler. Forewing apple-green. The oblique apical splendida.
line, the costal margin, and a large square spot in and behind the cell, as well as small basal spots violettish-
grey. At the base of the costal margin a chocolate-brown spot. Hindwing at the costal margin broad pinkish
carmine, the rest apple-green with lines and clouds of a violettish brownish-grey. 9 125 mm. Gold Coast. It
may be merely a sciron with a different colouring.

A. scutaea Strd. Much smaller than sciron and darker. Costal margin of forewing narrow lighter. At the scutaea.
cross-vein a light spot. The dark inner line somewhat more distinct than in sciron, composed of 2 bows, whilst
in sciron they are not so distinct, but apparently with several dents. On the hindwing the pinkish-brown bright¬
ening hardly extends to the centre of the cell downward, but as far as the distal margin. The lines in both
wings as in sciron. — sanguinipes Strd. (45 d) only differs in the costal margin of the hindwing being only light sanguini-
as far as the centre. A black inner-marginal spot near the base of the fore wing is more distinct. $ 80 mm.

Cameroon.

XIV

39

306

CAMERUNIA; CAT A JANA ; EPIJANA; UROJANA. By M. Gaede.

rosacea .

orphne.

albida.

flava.
lad i flora.

bimaculata.

cosima.

cinerea.

A. rosacea Btlr. (46 c). Thorax and forewing ochreous-brown. Inner line indicated by 3 black dots.
Apical line double filled with oclireons brown, the inner section dark red-brown. It extends to the centre of
the inner margin as in the genus Epijana, and its hindwing is also similarly shaped. Distal area pinkish brown,
enclosing a grey shadow beginning from the centre of the wing and at the anal angle. Hindwing pink. At the
anal margin and apex ochreous. A black line from the centre of the anal margin not quite to the costal margin,
somewhat double, behind it at the anal margin another short line terminating at a central eye-spot encircled
with dark and filled with ochreous. 88 mm. Ashanti.

21. Genus: Camerunia Aur.

Proboscis feebly present. Palpi projecting a little beyond the head. Antennae of % of the length of
the costal margin. Hind tibiae with 4 long spurs. In the fore wing vein 3 near 4, veins 4 — 6 at equal distances,
veins 7 + 8 + 9 stalked. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 stalked, 8 connected with the cell near the base by a bar.
Frenulum only in the A feebly present. Type: orphne Schaus.

C. orphne Schs. (= insignis Auriv.) (46 c). Body brown, collar and base of abdomen grey. Forewing
of d yellowish -white, of § brown. At the base as far as the notched white inner line blackish browm. Cross¬
vein fine white in a large black spot. Median line bent, finely notched, brown. Behind it between veins 2 and 4
dark. In the distal area faded light and dark dentate lines. Behind them a blackish brown subapical and mar¬
ginal spot. Hindwing at the base pinkish -brown, in the $ of this colour as far as the outer line. Both the
lines are dark, notched, the outer line double, behind it lighter. 70 — 95 mm. Sierra Leone. Cameroon, Gabun.

C. albida Aur. (46 c). White. The spot at the cross-vein outside parted, inside feebler. Two dark undu¬
lating postmedian lines. At the distal margin a continuous brown band with an irregular inner margin and
isolated spots at vein 3. On the hindwing the outer line is extended into spots. <$ 53 mm. East Africa.

C. flava Aur. (46 c) is quite different. Head, thorax, and wings of light yellow, of $ reddish-orange.
Abdomen above black with red segmental margins. Beneath on both wings 2 dark postmedian lines, on the
hindwing more distinct, showing through above, 60 — 65 mm. East Africa. Nyassa District. — In lactiflora
Wichgr. the lines on the hindwing are situate a little farther distad, so that vein 5 is divided by them into 3
equal portions, probably only an occasional variation. A 70 mm. Abyssinia.

22. Genus: Catajaiia Strd.

Similar to Camerunia. Fore tibiae at the end with 2 thorns. In the forewing veins 3 and 4 nearer to¬
gether, at vein 5 the cross-vein is intro-angular, vein 6 besides short-stalked. Hi the hindwing an indistinct bar
at vein 8.

C. bimaculata Dew. (46 d). Forewing greyish-yellow with a thick black streak at the cross-vein and a
small dot before it. Instead of the 2 lines of flava with 2 rows of brown dots. Hindwing orange. Beneath only
on the hindwing 2 lines. $ 65 mm. Angola.

23. Genus: Eplj ana Holl.

Proboscis absent. Palpi projecting a little beyond frons. Antennae more than Y3 of the length of the
costal margin, in the moderately long, in the $ short pectinated. Hind tibiae with 4 long spurs. In the fore¬
wing vein 6 on a short stalk with veins 7 + 8 + 9, vein 9 connected with 12 by a bar representing vein 11. Fore¬
wing at the distal margin strongly excurved, in the $ the apex produced. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 from
the centre of the anterior edge of the cell. Vein 8 near the base connected with the cell by a bar. Frenulum
of indicated. Type : cosima , Pldtz.

E. cosima Plolz (= lanosa Holl., velutonia Drc .) (46 d). Body and forewing of greyish-brown with a
straight dark brown line from near the apex to the centre of the inner margin. Hindwing orange. From %
of the anal margin a line extends towards the apex almost as far as vein 6. Forewing of $ red-brown. The
line is outside edged with grey, with 2 oblique grey clouds in the marginal area. Hindwing somewhat darker
than in the + 60 — 80 mm. Cameroon, Gabun.

E. ( ?) cinerea Holl. Very different. Forewing greyish reddish-brown. A straight dark brown line from
the centre of the inner margin to beyond the centre of the costal margin, where it is incurved. Behind it a pa¬
rallel line as far as the cell-end, and rows of brown sagittary spots. Below the apex and at the interior angle dark
clouds. Fringes lilac brown. Hindwing with uniformly bent median, outer, and marginal lines, which are quite
indistinct at the costal margin. 75 mm. Gabun.

24. Genus: ITrojana Gaede.

Allied to the following genus. Palpi somewhat longer than head. Tibiae densely haired, tarsi short, hind
tibiae with 4 spurs. On the forewing vein 9 branches off after 7. Distal margin as in Ph. sigyna. On the hind¬
wing a point at vein 3, veins as in Phasicnecus.

PHASICNECUS. By M. Gaede.

307

U. eborea Gaede (45 d). Ivory white, collar orange. Forewing at the cross-vein with a black spot, eboreu.
Median line faded rusty yellow, slightly curved. Outer line at the costal margin with a rusty brown spot, between
veins 6 and 2 incurved, at the inner margin with 3 — 5 black dots. Fringe below apex black. Hindwing at the
costal margin lighter. Median and outer lines as on the forewing with white streaks above and below vein 2.

S 55 mm. Ivory Coast.

25. Genus: Pliasieneeus Btlr.

Palpi short, antennae of y3 of the length of the costal margin, in the with long, in the $ with shorter
pectinations. Hind tibiae with 4 spurs. In the forewdng veins 6 + 7 + 8, vein 9 branching off behind 6
and connected by a bar (= vein 11) with 12. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 from behind the centre of the cell,

8 near the base connected with the cell by a bar. Frenulum absent in and $. Type : gregorii Btlr.

The first species differ somewhat in the shape of the wings, the size and marking.

P. nivalis Bothsch. (46 d). Body snow-white, only frons light brown. Forewihg snowr-white, very nivalis.
hairy. A basal line, the inner and outer lines and behind them the ring-spots greenish-grey silvery, y 55 mm.

Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone.

P. sigyna Aur. (46 d). Greyish-brown. Forewing in the anterior half lighter. On the cross-vein a sigyna.
black luna. Median line dark, notched, uniformly curved. Behind it an indistinct line in 2 large waves with
many dents and whitish-grey spots. Hindwing like the costal margin of the forewing, with 2 dark undulating
lines, cj 75 mm. Cameroon.

P. preussi Aur. (47 a). Brownish-grey. On the forewing at the cross-vein a black double dot. Median preussi.
line dentate, brown, somewhat curved. Outer line black, above veins 1 and 3 intro-angular, outside with white
scales. Fringe below apex blackish-brown and from there obliquely inwards as far as vein 4 blackish-brown.

S 55 mm. Cameroon.

P. maculifera Strd. (47 a). $ light greyish-brown, $ unicoloured darker brown. On the forewing a maculifera.
dark double line from y2 of the inner margin to % of the costal margin, behind it a black and white notched
line which is incurved between veins 2 and 6. From the apex an undulating line, before it lighter, behind
it and behind the median line somewhat darker. On the hindwing a dark median line and behind it a row
of blackish white dots. 65 — 85 mm. Cameroon, Spanish Guinea, Congo. In the $ from the Congo only
the outer branch of the median line is thick. — plagiatus Aur. (= grandiplaga Holl.) is a more intensely plagiatus.
marked form. On the forewing an interior line, excurved as far as the cross-vein, being absent in maculifera.

The area behind the median line and the apical spot dark brown, q 54 mm. Ashanti.

P. bipartita Rothsch. (47 a) is quite different. Thorax olive-brown, abdomen olive-grey. Forewing bipartita.
from the apex to the inner margin divided into two areas. Anterior portion olive brown with a dark spot at
the cross-vein. Partition-line dingy pink. Anal half yellowish-grey with olive-brown scales and 4 transverse
lines, the 2 median ones of which are undulated. Hindwing yellowish-grey with 2 dark grey lines. A dingy
orange triangle the base of which extends from % of the anal margin to the base and the apex of which is at
3/5 of the costal margin. 50 mm. Niger, Cameroon. Between veins 3 and 4 the distal margin of the
hindwing is slightly excurved. The following species, though it is still very large, by its marking forms a
transition to the great number of the smaller species.

P. giganteus Rothsch. Head orange-brown. Thorax violettish-chocolate, abdomen paler. Forewing giganteus.
scantily scaled, coloured like thorax, with a whitish-pink outer band. Hindwing paler. $ 78 mm. Sierra Leone.

P. dehanicus Strd. (41 g). Red-brown. On both wings a dark median line hardly recognisable. The dehanicus.
outer line composed of white, dark-edged spots. Before the distal margin a row of dark lunular spots. £ 40 mm.

Cameroon .

P. roseus Drc. (47 a). Dark orange-red, at the margins alternatingly much lighter. On the forewing roseus.
from % of the inner margin a row of red-brown dots almost to the costal margin. Hindwing somewhat lighter.

40 — 45 mm. Togo, Congo District, East Africa, Delagoa Bay.

P. gemmatus Wichgr. Forewing yolk-coloured. In the sub median fold and at the costal margin brownish gemmatus.
with a white discal spot which is effaced outwards. A sub marginal row of black dots is somewhat depressed
in the centre and inside edged with white scales. Hindwing light lemon-coloured, at the end of the anal margin
with miniate hairs. Marginal third brownish, from beneath a row of spots shows through. 40 mm. Angola.

P. monteironis Rothsch. Head golden yellow, body orange-brown. Forewing cinnamon-brown or nut- monteiro-
brown, costal margin, apex and fringe pinkish-brown. An oblique, somewhat undulating band from below nis'

the apex near vein 7 to the inner margin olive brown with silvery grey. Hindwing pinkish yellowish -brown,
fringe orange. £ 44 mm. Delagoa Bay.

P. similis Rothsch. (47 b). Thorax golden yellow, abdomen greyish-yellow. Both wings pale yellow, similis.

On the forewing the distal two fifths from the inner margin to vein 7 for the greatest part occupied by a

PHASICNECUS. By M. Gaede.

flavidior.

gregorii.

labdn.

citrinus.

pulverulen-
’ tus.

sulphureo-

tinctus.

peropali-

nus.

pellucidu.

livingsto-

nensis.

bipuncta-

fus.

inversus.

obtusus.

aequidi-

stans.

subcroceus.

violettish-brown band. On the hindwing a similar spot at the same place above veins 1 — 3. in the £ the
thorax is pinkish brown, the abdomen orange. Forewing violettish nut-brown with 2 dark transverse lines,
the inner line very feeble. Behind the distal line a dark brown area with silvery grey scales. Hindwing paler.
45 — 55 mm. Angoniland. — flavidior Bothsch. $ quite cinnamon-yellow, $ golden yellow, only in the centre
of the wing somewhat violettish-brown. Marking as in the typical form. Nyassa District.

P. gregorii Btlr. (47 b). orange. On the forewing from % of the inner margin not quite to the
costal margin a red-brown band which is often distally flown out at the inner margin. Hindwing without markings.
It may be that similis is an extreme form of it. 40 — 45 mm. Adamawa, Niger District. Nyassa District, East
Africa.

P. labda Drc. Pale lemon-coloured. On the forewing 3 narrow violettish-brown lines. The first curved,
the second straight, extending from the inner margin not quite to the costal margin. The third is composed
of a row of dots from near the apex to the inner margin. <$ 36 mm. Nyassa District.

P. citrinus Drc. (47 b). Lemon-coloured. On the fore wing a curved median band of violettish-brown
dots. The outer row of dots from the centre of the wing to the inner margin, and a dot near the costal margin.
From the apex an oblique nebulous band. On the hindwing 2 fine rows of dots, and 1 row of fine sub¬
marginal dots on both wings. J 40 mm. Cameroon, Gabun. Niger.

P. pulverulentus J. & T. Thorax apricot-yellow, abdomen paler. <$. Forewing varying between
yellow and brownish-yellow, with a dark yellow line close behind the cell, above vein 7 incurved and indistinct.
Behind it a smoky brown undulating line, below vein 4 thickened. A sub marginal line above vein 4 indicated
and otherwise covered by a smoky brown band between the two lines. Upwards it extends beyond vein 5,
at the inner margin it is narrow. Hindwing without markings. $ fawn-coloured. On the forewing the
first line is the same, the second less undulating, only in front distinct. The band between them as far as
the costal margin, in it hyaline scales. 40 mm. Congo.

P. sulphureotinctus Strd. (41 f). Pale yellow. Forewing similarly marked as citrinus, but the apical
band is absent. On the hindwing the first line is angular, the second formed of pupilled circles, the third of
distinct lunular spots. <$ 40 mm. Spanish Guinea.

P. peropalinus Bothsch. Body pale reddish-grey. Forewing yellowish iridescent with numerous undu¬
lating curved dark lines, mostly behind 3/5 of the length of the wing. Hind wing of the same colouring, not
marked. $ 50 mm. Cameroon.

P. pellucida J. & T . Body white. Wings hyaline with a few black spots. On the hindwing one each
above veins 2 and 3, and a short streak above vein 6 midway between the cell and the distal margin. Forewing
with a spot above the end of vein 2. $ 40 mm. Congo.

P. livingstonensis Strd. (41 f). Orange. On the forewing the first dark line from y3 of the inner margin
obliquely distad to the centre of the wing, the second of violettish-brown dots, incurved at the costal margin.
From the apex an oblique shadow is indicated. At the anal angle of the forewing a dark spot. <$ 40 mm. South
Africa.

P. bipunctatus Aur. Pale yellow. In the direction, in which the dark line extends from the apex in
the similar species, at the apex itself a streak is indicated, but above and below vein 3 there are two intense
dark brown spots, before them a hardly recognisable outer line. $ 54 mm. Congo.

P. inversus sp. n. (47 b). Ground-colour also pale yellow. Apical line extending with interruptions
as far as vein 2, red-brown. Before it at the place where the outer line would be, above and below vein
3 the two red-brown spots. The position is thus just contrary to that of bipunctatus. <$ 55 mm. Nyassa District.
Type in the Tring Museum.

P. obtusus Wkr. (= tristisF/dr.) (47 c). Darker than inversus, ^thorax and forewing yellowish-brown. The
dark median line at the costal margin strongly incurved. Behind it an outer row of dots, incurved at the
costal margin, often disappearing, particularly in front. The oblique apical line is united with it on the centre
of the wing. Behind it at the apex darker. Hindwing varying between orange-yellow and reddish. On the
forewing dark red-brown, before the apical line powdered with grey, otherwise marked like the <$. Hindwing
brown. 45 — 50 mm. Delagoa Bay.

P. aequidistans Strd. (47 c). Similar to obtusus. On the forewing the row of dark dots is somewhat
depressed in the centre, and also situate a little farther inwards, the apical line is steeper. On the centre of
the wing thereby its distance is almost as great as that to the inner line. In the $ the grey shadow before
the apical line extends to the inner margin, the hindwing is but slightly darker than in the whereas the
forewing is almost as reddish-brown as in obtusus. 50 — 55 mm. East Africa.

P. subcroceus Dist. also resembles obtusus. Antennae darker. Forewing ochreous-brown, at the costal
margin more yellow. The first brown line is situate farther distad. From the apex a line extends to % of
the inner margin. Hindwing orange. <$ 50 mm. Transvaal.

P. evanescens Dist. is almost the same. On the forewing the inner line is not incurved St the costal
margin, but throughout straight. $ 45 mm Transvaal.

evanescens.

DREPANOJANA; VIANA. By M. Gaede.

309

P. bithynia Drc. (47 b). ochreous, $ red-brown. The inner curved line is often less distinct at the bithynia.
costal margin. The outer line of more intense dots, parallel to the distal margin. Without the apical line.
Hindwing lighter. 34 — 40 mm. Transvaal. Delagoa Bay.

P. hilaris Fldr. On the forewing only the outer line is present in the normal shape. Behind it coloured hilar is.
as in bithynia, before it lighter, orange, the same on the hind wing. $ 45 mm. South Africa.

P. bicolor Dist. Forewing pale reddish-brown, hindwing ochreous-brown. Without markings. $ bicolor.
47 mm. Transvaal.

P. thelda Drc. Forewing reddish-brown strewn with white scales. At the costal margin of the forewing thelda.
near the apex a V-shaped brown spot. From the apex a row of black lunular spots. Hindwing pale yellow.

Two postmedian rows of red-brown spots. $ 50 mm. West Africa. It may be the 9 of citrina.

P. pira Drc. and nahor Drc. apparently do not belong hereto, judging from the descriptions.

26. Genus: Drepauojaiisi Am.

Proboscis feebly present. Palpi short. Antennae of % °f the length of the costal margin, in the £ with
but very short pectinations. Hind tibiae with 4 spurs. Forewing of $ with a pointed apex, distal margin
behind strongly excurved. Neuration as in Phasicnecus. Frenulum absent. In the <$ forewing the distal margin
is straight, without a projecting point.

D. fasciata Am. (= apicalis Am. <$, maeonia Drc.) (47 c). §. Blackish-brown. On the forewing fasciala.

with a broad white, glossy green band from the centre of the costal margin to the anal angle. Before it diminutive
greenish spots on the centre of the wing and at the apex. Hindwing without markings. The band of
the forewing only consists of two creamy-white subapical spots. 40 — 55 mm. Sierra Leone, Gold Coast.

27. Genus: Viana Wkr.

Proboscis feebly present. Antennae of Y3 of the length of the costal margin, in the 4 with moderately
long, in the $ with very short pectinations. Hind tibiae with 4 spurs. Forewing with a pointed apex and an
excurved distal margin. Veins 9 + 6 + 7 + 8 stalked, vein 9 branching off before 6. From there a bar (= vein 11)
leads over to 12. Veins of hindwing as in Phasicnecus. Between veins 2 and 3 in dimidiata and velutina-^
a projection. Frenulum in the A feeble, in the $ absent. Type: velutina Wkr.

V. velutina Wh . Fawn-coloured. Forewing with a black, oblique, straight outer line which is distinct velutina.
inside, washed out on the outside. Hindwing ochreous, only the anal margin on % °f its length fawn-coloured
like the distal margin. The anal margin is defined by a curved blackish -brown line which is outside faded.

45 mm. Congo.

V. tristis Drc . * Body and wings monotonously pale brown. Both wings with a dark brown submarginal tristis.
line. 50 mm. West Africa.

V. crowleyi Am. (47 d). Fore wing brown and olive-brown, on the cross-vein a black streak. The outer crowleyi.
line is straight. Hindwing ochreous, behind the curved outer line brown. 45 mm. Sierra Leone, Cameroon.

V. magnifica Bothsch. Thorax violettish-brown. Forewing violettish-chocolate, on the cross-vein magnifica.
a white streak. Distal line dark, within it whitish scales. Hindwing orange-brown. Distal third violettish-
chocolate. $ 60 mm. Lagos.

V. dimidiata Am. ( — tenuis Holl.) (47 d). Forewing olive-green. The distal area with its inner dimidiata.
margin in the 4 behind the cell strongly excurved, in the $ a vertical dark brown outer line forms the border.

Distal area violettish-chocolate. Hindwing orange-red, marginal third as on the forewing, the interior border
curved. 35 — 45 mm. Cameroon, Gabun.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the African Eupterotidae.

* signifies that the form i

abluta Phi. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 343. *
abyssinica Hopl. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 489.
abyssinica Phi. Aur. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 696. *
acuta Phyll. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 151.
aequidistans Phas. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 81 A (2), p. 130.
agrippina Jana Weym. Iris 22, p. 18.
alba Phi. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 210.

also figured at the place cited.

albida Cam. Aur. Bill. Vet. Ak. Handl. 27 (4), Nr. 7, p. 27. *
albida Phi. Plotz Stett. Ent. Z. 41, p. 87.
albidorsata Phi. Gaede, Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 299.
anaemica Hopl. Harps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 464. *
j angola Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 154.
j an gu lata Phi. Gaede , Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 298.
angulata Pol. Wkr. List 4, p. 858.

310

Alphabetical List of the African Eupterotidae.

arrecta Phi. Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) 4, p. 361.
atoinaria Phi. Holl. Entom. 25, Suppl. p. 93.
aurivilliusi Jana Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 488.

bamenda Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 162.
bicolor Phas. Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) 20, p. 206.
bimaculata Cat. Dew. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ver. 3, p. 33. *
bipartita Cam. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 491.
bipunctatus Phas. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 5 (5), p. 9. *
bistrigata Phi. Aur. Bih. Vet. Ak. Handl. 27 (4) Nr. 7, p. 16.
bithynia Phas. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 676.

Caesarea Jana, Weym. Iris 22, p. 16.

camerunica Jana, Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 206.

castanea Pol. Aur. Bih. Vet. Ak. Handl. 27 (4), Nr. 7, p. 12.

chrysargyra Phi. Wichgr. Deutsche Ent. Z. 1914, p. 394.

cinerea Epi. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 515.

citrinus Phas. Drc. Proc. Zool. Loc. 1886, p. 410. *

claria Jano. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 148.

comma Spir. Hmps. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1901, p. 191. *

conspersa Marm. Aur. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 18, p. 239.

cosima Epi. Plots. Stett. Ent. Z. 41, p. 85.

costipuncta Phi. H.-Sch. AuBereurop. Schmett. p. 375.

crassistriga Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 157.

cregoei Bant. Dist. Ins. Transv. p. 167. *

crowleyi Vi. Aur. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 699. *

ubicularis Phi. Strd. Rev. zool. afr. 1, p. 270.

cnnina Phi. Stoll. Pap. Exot. 3, p. 114. *

curvistriga Phi. Strd. Rev. zool. afr. 1, p. 270.

dannfelti Janv. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 208.
dasypoda Phi. Wllgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 165.
deduplicata Janv. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 148.
degenera Paraph. Wkr. List 4, p. 906.
dehanicus Phas. Strd. I. Ent. Zeitschr. 5 (1911), p. 17.
despecta Lich. Fldr. Reise Novara Taf. 95. *
devylderi Trich. Aur. Oef. Vet. Ak. Forhandl. 36 (7), p. 54.
difficilis Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55. p. 1524.
dimidiata Vi. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 14. p. 212.
distincta Hopl. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24. p. 490.

eborea Uro. Gaede, I. Ent. Zeitschr. 9 (1915), p. 73.
edulis Striph. Boisd. Voy. Deleg. 2, p. 599.
eurymas Jana, H.- Sells. AuBereurop. Schmett. Taf. 21.
euterpe Sab. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1915, p. 104. *
evanescens Phas. Dist. Ins. Transv. p. 84. *

1'asciata Drep. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 212.
flava Cam. Aur. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 697. *
flavicostata Phyll. Fawc. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 17, p. 173. *
flavidior Phas. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 491.
flavina Phi. Gaede , Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 298.
flavipennis Phi. Wllgr. Oefv. Vet. Ak. Forhandl. 31 (1), p. 98.
fulvicincta Sab. Hmps. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1901, p. 190.
funebris Jana, Gaede, Seitz, Maorolep. 14, p. 304.
fuscodorsata Phi. Aur. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 696.
fiilleborni Sab. Karsch , Ent. Nachr. 26, p. 354.

gabunica Para. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 13, p. 195.

gemmatus Phas. Wichgr. I. Ent. Zeitschr. 15 (1921), p. 19.

germana Jana Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 488.

giganteus Phas. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 491.

gracilis Jana Wkr. List 4, p. 913.

gregorii Phas. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1894, p. 586. *
griseola Hem. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 490.

hilaris Phas. Fldr. Reise Novara Taf. 95. *

hologramma Phi. Aur. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 697. *

incana Phi. Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) 20, p. 205.
indecisa Hopl. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 22, p. 120. *
infuseata Phi. Griinbg. Ins.-Borse 24, p. 126.
insignifica Hopl. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 489.
inversus Jan. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 308. *

jacksoni Sab. Sharpe A. M. N. II. (6) 5, p. 443. *

karschi Jano. Weym. Iris 16, p. 230. *

labda Phas. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 677.
lactiflora Cam. Wichgr. Deutsche Ent. Z. 1914, p. 393.
lamani Para. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 3 (1), p. 7.
livingstonensis Phas. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A, p. 150.

macuiifera Phas. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A, p. 148.
magnifica Vi. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 492.
mariana Jano. White A. M. N. H. (1) 12, p. 264.
marshalli Phi. Aur. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 695.
mesundulata Jano. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 147.
monteironis Phas. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 491.

j nigricans Jano. Gaede, Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 295.
nigristriata Jana, Janse Ann. Transvaal Mus. 5, p. 68. *
nigrolineata Phi. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 24, p. 106.

I nigromaculata Pol. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 210.
nivalis Phas. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 492.

j niveociliata Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 158.

[ nobilis Jana, Holl. Psyche 6, p. 515. *
novemlineata Phi. Aur. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 163.

obscura Jana Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 208.
obtusus Phas. Wkr. List 31, p. 357.
oclirina Phyll. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 152.
ochritincta Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 158.
ochriventris Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 163.
odites Phi. Schs. Sierra Leone Lep. p. 30. *
orphne Cam. Schs. Sie ra Leone Lcp. p. 30. *

paragarda Marm. Wallgr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 166.
patagiata Phi. Aur. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 163.
patens Phyll. Boisd. Voy. Deleg. 2, p. 529.
pellucida Phas. J. & T. Bull. Hill. Mus. 1, p. 559.
peropalinus Phas. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 492.
picarina Sab. Wkr. List 32, p. 548.

plagiatus Phas. Aur. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911. p. 164. *
polita Phi. Dist. A. M. N. IJ. (6) 20, p. 205.
postmedialis Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 160.
preciosa Jana Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 207.
pretoriae Tiss. Dist. A. M. N. IJ. (6) 10, p. 408.
pretoriana Phi. Wichgr. I. Ent. Zeitschr. 22 (1908), p. 107.
preussi Phas. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 209.
propinquestria Jana Strd. Mitt. Berl. Mus. 5, p. 295.
pseudatomaria Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 161.
pseudostrigina Jana Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 487.
pulverulentus Phas. J. & T. Bull. Ilill. Mus. 1, p. 559.
pulverea Phi. Dist. Ins. Transv. p. 82. *
punetulata Phi. Pagst. Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. 56, p. 22.
pnrpurata Hopl. Wichgr. I. Ent. Zeitschr. 14 (1920), p. 196.

reussi Phi. Strd. Rev. zool. afr. 1, p. 169.
rhodoptera Hopl. Gerst. Arch. f. Nat. 37, p. 361.
rosacea Acroj. Btlr. Lep. Exot. p. 80. *
roseata Jana Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 487.
roseobrunnea Hopl. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 489.
roseus Phas. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1886, p. 410. *
ruberrima Hem. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 490.
rubrivena Phi. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 464. *

sabalina Phi. Rbl. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 28, p. 279. *
sanguinipes Acroj. Strd. Wien. Ent. Z. 29, p. 35.
sciron Acroj. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 676.
scutaea Acroj. Strd. Ent. Rundschau 26, p. 140.
sericaria Sab. Weym. Berl. Ent. Z, 41, p. 89.
sigyna Phas. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 209.
similis Phas. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 491.
similis Phi. Aur. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 164.
Simplex Phi. Aur. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 695.
soricis Hopl. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 489.
splendida Acroj. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 492.
strigifera Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 152.
strigina Jana Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 37.
subcroceus Phas. Dist. Ins. Transv. p. 84. *
subiridescens Phi. Holl. Psyche 6. p. 490. *
sublimbalis Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 160.
subocliracea Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 162.
subrosea Hem. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 209.
sulplmreotinetus Phas. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A, p. 150.

tanganyikae Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 159.
tantalus Jana. H.-Sch. AuBereurop. Schmett. Taf. 21. *
tlialia Sab. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915, p. 105. *
thelda Phas. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 677.
tliunbergi Phyll. Boisd. Voy. Deleg. 2, p. 599.
tippelskirchi Sab. Karsch , Ent. Nachr. 26, p. 354.
transvaalica Jana Strd. Mitt. Berl. Zool. Mus. 5, p. 296.

j trilineata Cyrt. Aur. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p, 162. *
tripunctata Hopl. Aur. Ent. Tidskr-. 18, p. 221.

I tristis Vi. Drc. A. M. N. H. (6) 17, p. 355.

Alphabetical List of the African Eupterotidae. 311

uelleburgensis Phi. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A, p. 148.
umpripennis Phyll. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 150.
unicolor Marm. Janse. Transv. Mus. 5, p. 69. *
iiniformis Schis. Aur. Bih. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27 (4). Nr.

p. 8.

valid a Phyll. Fldr. Beise Novara Taf. 93. *
vaninia Plii . Stoll, Pap. Exot. 4, Taf. 356. *
variegata Hem. Rotksch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 490.

variegata Jana Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 488.
velutina Vi. Wkr. Trans. N. H. S. Glasgow (1) 1, p. 340.
venusta Phi. Wkr. List 32, p. 360.

westwoodi Jano. Aur. Bih. Vet. Ak. Handl. 27 (4), Nr. 7, p. 10.
wichgrafi Phi. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 157.

zernyi Hopl. Gschw. Zeitschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 8, p. 33.
ziczac Phyll. Strd. Ann. S. Ent. Belg. 55, p. 150.

Publ. 28. XI. 1927.

SATURNIDAE. General Tonics. Bv Dr. A. Seitz.

11. Family: Saturnidae.

The family of the Saturnidae is most remarkable in Africa for its size, the great variety of its colouring
and marking, as well as for the immense number of its individuals. This may be chiefly due to the character
of the African soil. Nearly all the Saturnidae inhabit the open country, especially also the grassy plains set
with single groups of trees or brushwood covering a very great part of Africa. The only kind of wood favoured
by the Saturnidae, i. e. thin forests intersected by many openings, also predominates in a great part of Africa,
and the family lias expanded and differentiated there to such a degree as is only yet equalled by few parts of
South America.

In the same wav as in the other parts of the world the majority of the African Saturnidae are at once
recognised to belong to the ,, emperor-moths1', although we also meet here with deviating forms resembling,
rather Lasiocampidae or even Drepanidae. Besides, however, nearly all the Saturnid types observed in other
parts of the world are also represented in Africa; the group of Aciias-Graelesia by the Argema, the Cricnla and
Salus of India by the Orthogonioptilum , the American A utomeris by Cinabra , the Aniheraea of Asia by N udaurelia.
the palearctic Saturnia by Vegetia and TTsta, the gigantic Asiatic Attacus and the American Rothschildia by the
Epiphora, and even the entirely different shapes of the South American Heliconisa q , the flight of which resembles
that of Parnassius apollo , are parallelled by the day-flyers Pseudaphelia apollinaris etc., but on the other hand
we meet in Africa abounding so immensely in Saturnidae with forms the habitus of which does not occur in
other faunae, such as Eudaernonia exhibiting the tails of the hind wings as thin as quills, which may attain
more than double the expanse of the imago; moreover, the most magnificent Eochroa trirnenii, the almost entirely
green N udaurelia zambesina, and a few others.

As to the behaviour of the Ethiopian Saturnidae , they exhibit a zoogeographical abnormity which
we have stated at another place in distantly remote lepidopteral groups. This is the re-occurrence of northern
forms and colourings on crossing the southern tropic. In the same way as we had noticed the parallel forms
of the palearctic Erebia and Ghrysophanus in the antarctic district of New Zealand, the reappearance • of the
northern Epinephele and Argynnis in the cooler regions of Chile, also the northern Saturnid characters are exhibited
again in the southern parts of Africa, whereas in the intermediate south they are absent. Thus, for instance,
Vegetia ; dewitzi show a distinct resemblance to the European Eudia pavonia ; Usta wallengreni repeats the E ast
European Eudia, spini; in Heniocha dyops and apollonia we notice the doubles of East Asiatic Eriogyna) cer¬
tain Lobobunaea of South Africa exhibit the image of the palearctic Perisomena etc. It is wrong, however, to
try to explain this peculiar appearance with the very plausible supposition that the climate growing more tem¬
perate again towards south must also have a similar effect upon closely allied forms, such as the Saturnidae
among themselves, in the formation of the shape, colour, and marking; for the image of the North Asiatic
Neoris likewise recurs in the extreme south-west of Australia, though in a region where there are no more
Saturnidae, in a Geometrid: Carthaea saturnioides (Vol. Nil, pi. I 1). This is an evident proof that, by climatic
or territorial peculiarities, certain countries are forced to produce precise images, even by adducting quite
dissimilar lepidopteral groups, as if it were necessary that certain images should not be absent in analogous
districts .

Although we cannot think of mimicry in such cases where antartic species seem to copy northern
forms, yet one thing must not be forgotten: mimicry might also be directed against insectivorous birds which
are almost without exception birds of passage and most of which some species invariably — fly in Africa
far beyond the equator. The same Sirphid living in the patria of the Eudia in the northern spring, is
opposed to its South African image in the southern spring, and it would be an anthropomorphism to believe
that the entomophagans have a zoogeographical knowledge in order to recognise entomological distinctions

XIV 40

SATURN 1 1) AE. General Topics. By Ur. A. Spitz.

ai4

There are, however, not the least essential facts for the assumption of mimetic relations, so that, even if the
principal condition for mimicry - the same habitat — would come true, we should not believe in mimicry.

We must neither be misled by the fact that the assimilation of antarctic to northern Saturnidae is
even extended to the larvae. Sometimes we imagine in South Africa to be standing in front of a bush all over
covered with the larvae of Evdia spini. Stout black Saturnid larvae with transverse belts of golden yellow knobs
gregariously live on the twigs of the Gaffre-beans (Ervthrina caffra): we obtain from them, however, a Saturnid
having very little in common with the Evdia, i. e. Urota sinope 11 1/'. (55 cl).

As in other parts of the world, the Saturnid larvae also live in Africa rarely or never on poisonous plants,
but all the more on those cultivated by mankind. The so-called wild Mango, the genuine Mange, species of
Ficus, and above all the imported fruit-trees are preferably attacked, and in Maritzburg it occurred that the
European peach-trees were entirely stripped of leaves by the native Gynanisa main. Many Saturnidae also live
on the trees planted for affording shade, and beside the native acacias, mimosae. and sycamores, many species
feed on the imported European oaks (Ludia smilax, N udaureUa waMbergi etc.), on jasmin etc. Bunaea caffraria
lives on Geltis. nearly all the well known species accept any eatable foliage, so that one cannot think of an
interior protection of the larvae by filling their intestines with poisonous leaves.

The more necessary is an interior protection both for the larva and imago. In dealing with the Indian
Saturnidae in Yol. X (p. 498) f mentioned the observation that also larvae, that do not burn the human skin
(Evdia pavoma), secrete some liquid from the hairs breaking off, on being disquieted, exactly like the nettle-
larvae do. so that we might think of a similar effect against certain enemies. ri he same behaviour is also
noticed in certain Ethiopian Saturnid larvae, and even very intense burning effects producing considerable
swellings have been observed, as in Ludia . smilax.

In accordance with the fact that the lepidoptera yielded from unpoisonous larvae are generally not
provided with interior protective saps, the Saturnidae are protected in their existence by other ways being
often very conspicuous in the Ethiopian Fauna. The original, typical Saturnid colouring, showing 4 central
eyespots which are frequently edged by 2 transverse dashes, is modified in two ways for the protection of the
individual: on the one hand the eyespots may disappear or become hardly traceable in order to provide an
adaptational protection, on the other hand they may be changed into frightening eyespots of a defiant colouring.
The highest degree of safety is of course attained by those forms in which, as in the American Hyperchiria ,
both functions are developed in the same individual as Lobobunaea tyrrlxena from Natal, the closed wings of
which exhibit a striking resemblance to an insignificant leaf, whereas in reacting upon attacks the malevo¬
lently looking eye of a mammal is visible on a bright background.

The development of such ..frightening eves“ may attain a high degree in Ethiopian Saturnidae. In
Lobobunaea buehholzi the eye with its piercing glance is bloodshot, and in Lob. phaedusa it represents an exact
copy of the eye of a wild cat. which must in fact afford the most terrific sight to most of the entomophagans
forming the favourite food of the ichneumons and civet-cats, because the effect of the eyes is still aggravated
by the resemblance of the forewings being raised in case of an attack with the ears of mammals.

In the African country which is mostly rather open, such a protection by terrifying eyes is of parti¬
cularly great advantage and very necessary. The struggle for life, which is everywhere exciting in the tropics,
is enacted here in a most impetuous, cruel, and annihilative way. "Wherever a densely entangled and succulent
vegetation affords plentiful food for an almost indefinite number of organisms, as is the case in South America
and India, the number of bloodthirsty beasts of prey may be moderate. But in by far the greatest part of the
Ethiopian Region the vegetation is not so luxuriant, in many months of the year rather unproductive, dry,
and besides thorny, the trees and bushes being frequently without leaves and the woods clear. In the same
way as we have seen in the African butterflies that an uncommonly great number of forms are concealed
under the protection of mimicry, so that even otherwise non-mimetic families, such as the Lycaenidae, exhibit
purely mimetic genera, the African Saturnidae also show by far more “defiant forms “ than “protective colours".

On the other hand the latter colours have attained a remarkably high degree. In Carnegia mirabilis Aur.
the adaptation to the weather-worn remnants of a leaf has produced a most peculiar distortion of the contours
of the insect; the distal margins of the wings are irregularly gnawed out. the anal portion of the hindwing is
extended into a convex lobe, and the apex of the forewing is flattened at the costal margin. 'The 4 central
eyespots have become irregular groups of small hyaline spots, in order to complete the resemblance of a leaf
being always perforated in such a state of decay. He who has not seen such insects in nature has hardly an
idea of the degree of deception thus produced. It even occurred to myself that I took a A of Ludia delegorguei,
which happened to be on my desk, to be a crumpled piece of packing paper, and I wanted to throw it out of
the window; only on seizing it, I became aware of my mistake.

W herever a sufficient degree of safety is not attained by the colouring and the modification of shape,
it is increased by the habits of the protected insect . We know already from the European Fauna that for instance

SATURNIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

31b

the copying of a dry beech-leaf by the .$ of Acjlia tan is increased by this insect preferably settling down at
the foot of the forest-trees on the place where dry. scattered leaves frequently hang about. Thus also the South
African Nudaurelia wahlbergi likes to conceal itself at the roots of the trees, where the yellow leaves blown
away by the wind are lying, and Tagor apsis nataiensis which 1 took from the ground and tried to place higher
up would not stay there, but wandered down the trunk, until they sat again at the root or even, like a leaf
that had been blown there, flat on the ground.

In accordance with our assumption for some Indian Saturnidae (Vol. X. 498), the principal protection
of many species is also in Africa their size; expanses of as much as 18 cm are not rare, and though the largest
Indian Attacus are not quite attained, yet the $ of Imbrasia deyrollei have an expanse of 20 cm and more,
and large specimens of Epiphora ploetzi are almost of the same size. Birds and small beasts of prey (such as
foxes, civet-cats etc.) will of course not be frightened by the large size of insects, especially if they are not
protected bv any defensive capacity but the most dangerous enemies of the moths are also in Africa the rear-
mice, animals of such great sensitiveness that even the mere collision with gigantic lepidoptera is avoided
by them.

The larvae of the African Saturnidae are incompletely known, yet single interesting peculiarities may
be briefly referred to here. Beside the relatively rare green protective colour, we mostly meet with distinct
warning colours. Above all the dangerous burning larvae of course exhibit an unmistakable defensive or warning
colour. The character of this colouring as a means of warning is most ambiguously proved in an African species
by its inconstancy. The adult larva of Ludia smilax may be red with blue dots, but also orange with thick
black dots, or black with scarlet transverse ringlets; it is thus entirely diversified, but invariably decorated
with loud contrasting colours, so that the purpose of the colouring to attract attention in any way is quite
doubtless.

Such a defensive colour we also find in the larva of Nudaurelia wahlbergi B-sd. living on oaks. On its
jet-black ground there are orange cones on hemochrome spots. These cones are pointed and rather stiff, and
besides set with secondary bristles and small points, whereby the insect looks like a variegated spined Physalis.
In quite a similar way the larva of Bunaea cajfraria shows golden yellow points on a dark ground, which
however are not spined otherwise. The larva of Argema mimosae in its youth shows reel, later on green and
yellow belts; but the most remarkable is a double row of green, palisade-like cones with yellow bristles: in the
adult insect these cones may attain the size of 1 centimeter and project above the dorsum as truncate,
thick cones.

A fundamental difference is manifested in the way of pupating by a great many African Saturnidae.
The well-known Indian and American Saturnidae pupate in cocoons which may be very different, either stiff
and comma-shaped ( Rhodinia ), or oviform (Antheraea mylitta), reticularlv pierced ( Cricula ), paper-like (Aciias).
supplying serviceable silk ( Philosamia ) etc. But neither from America nor India any Saturnid is known to me
that changes into its chrysalis in the soil without any web or tegument, as it was observed with Gynanisa,
Bunaea, Urota, Nudaurelia and others, only the Ludia make a cocoon intermixed with their horribly burning
hairs, and the Argema weave a dense, felt-like, glossy silvery cocoon with stigmata and a correctly fitted
drainage.

The consequence of it is also a different constitution of the pupa, in webless species. Already in the
general topics to the Saturnidae in the Indian Part (Vol. X) I described the epidermis of these pupae as an
extremely hard and very thick cover being as smooth as porcelain, the surface of which affords a good protection
against the attack of the African ants gnawing through everything, the incisors of which glide off on the smooth
pupal mail. The pupae are mostly of the usual shape, though some exhibit lateral points of the head or a very
long spike of the cremaster.

As to the habits of the African Saturnidae not very much is known, nearly all the insects belonging
hereto are nocturnal, at least the ( )nlv far in the south of the African Continent where the sunlight is of a less
dazzling brightness and the climatic conditions are more like those of the palearctic regions, we also find again
species (such as Pseudaphelia apollinaris) the AS °f which are distinctly day-flyers, as in Europe the Aglia
tau and Eudia pavonia. In the same way as with us the A lepidoptera make after the $2 at very great distances,
aided by their most complicatedly built antennae. According to Fawcett, it suffices to expose a single $ of
Gynanisa maja in a cage on the verandah to entice any number of AS, dozens of which are then swarming
around the But whilst in the mostly monophagous Bomoycidae (such as Sericaria mori which in nature
almost exclusively falls upon mulberry trees) also the 9 'requires an intense smelling activity in order to be able
to discover the detached and in some districts almost entirely absent food-trees from the distance, for which
also the $$ need strong antennal dents, most of the Saturnidae are polyphagous and their $$ have filiform,
often rather stunted antennae.

The life of the Saturnidae is frequently very short. The $$ are often already paired when their wings
are hardly extended: the A A start in their first flying hour for their nuptial flight, and in doing so often intensely
puff up a flying vesiele which sometimes fills up the whole abdomen of the AS and which (for instance in

SATURN ID AE . Gleneral Topics. By 13r. A. Seitz.

31G

Aglia) one can burst open by pressing with one’s fingers on the sides of the abdomen of the freshly captured
insect, when a distinct crack is to lie heard. By the aid of this facilitation of flying the Saturnidae may
often fly for many hours without requiring any pause for rest. The stroke of the wings is long and strong, the
flight itself impetuous, swift and irregular, only in very stout-bodied 22 it is, owing to their weight, slow,
whizzing and straight. These $9 also show a great disinclination to flying by day. Females of Bunaea alcinoe
which I threw up into the air dropped down to the ground without making any attempt to fly. Not any species
is known to me to take up water or food as an imago. The q generally dies soon after the copulation which
takes place once in freedom, perhaps with few exceptions; the $2 deposit their eggs, as far as is known,
in whole layings or at least (as in Aglia) in several lots, and the larvae generally stay together for some time
in their youth. The young larvae often exhibit an exterior quite different from the adult larvae, and many
Saturnid larvae being later on variegated, are black in their youth, then they get variegated knobs, or they
even alter their shape by casting hooks, prongs, or fur-hairs, and becoming smooth thereby.

The geographical distribution of the Saturnidae over the world has been dealt with in general in Vol. X,
]). 49b. The apportionment of the 34 genera and 400 forms within the Ethiopian Region is effected by the
character of the landscape which we referred to above. Thus there is a majority in South and East Africa
compared to the rainy forest districts in the west, where the great increase of Heterocera from other families
darkens the occurrence of the Saturnidae. It can also be stated already to-day, that the progress of culture,
the import of fruit-trees and of such affording shade, the cultivation of the country by parks, alleys,
bosquets etc. effects an increase of the Saturnidae, in contrast with the decrease of other lepidoptera by the
advance of cultivation. We have already mentioned above that some Saturnidae have stripped the trees of
such fruit-plantations of their leaves [Gynanisa maja near Fort Napier).

Yet the breeding of many species is by no means easy. Some are extremely sensitive to the food offered
them afresh and drying very quickly in the frequently dry climate of Africa. In the dry season at any rate few
larvae seem to develop as elsewhere too. and the pupal stage is even in the same species in the different
generations of a very different duration, in order to postpone the deposit of eggs into the season most favourable
for the young larvae. Thus the November breed of Gynanisa maja in Natal already yields the imago after G
weeks, whereas the pupae of March only creep out in October, after G months’ pupal stage.

The imagines rarely have a proboscis, and the palpi are very short, if not differently mentioned. The
antennae of the A are often long pectinated, in many groups fourfold, thus with 2 branches on each side of
the antenna, and in the $ one group of them is often shorter than the other. On the tibiae there are
occasionally claws, the presence of which, however, may also vary in allied species. The hindwing invariably
lacks a frenulum. The forewing is always without veins 9 and 11. The cell is not quite closed in some groups;
vein 5 rises in both wings far in front, vein 10 is somewhat variable, and some specific differences have been
based upon this, e. g. in Nud. oubie and zaddachi which are not to be regarded as mere varieties.

Beside the size of the eyespots on the hindwing, also the shape of the interior line of the hindwing varies
very much, somewhat less the exterior line. The size may increase to as much as 50 percent beyond that of the
smallest specimens *). All these differences have caused a very great number of denominations, many of which
are questionable and may not be justified. The definition of the genera is rather uncertain, and almost best
to be founded upon the scheme of markings, for the neuration varies so much that e. g. in the subgenus
Aurivillius of Nudaurelia, in spite of the few species, three groups could be separated, according as vein 10
of the forewing rises before or behind 7 or separately from the cell, whilst at the same time the species
are so much alike that they can hardly be regarded as forms.

In accordance with Aubiviluo we divide the Saturnidae into 3 subfamilies:

1. The upper portion of the cross-vein of the forewing between veins 7 and G is veryslanting and often
long, it forms strictly spoken the straight continuation of the anterior edge of the cell. Veins 5 and G
are much less distant from each other, veins 7 and 8 are invariably stalked.

a) Disc-al cell on both wings between veins 4 and 5 open. I. Subfamily: Attacinae.

b) JDiscal cell closed. 2. Subfamily: Saturniinae.

II. The upper portion of the cross-vein of the forewing between veins 7 and G is short or absent. Between veins
4 and G the cross- vein is rather straight; veins 5 and 6 distantly separated.

3. Subfamily: Ludiinae.

The last genus of the Saturniinae: Cyrtogone and all the Ludiinae make a very different impression, although part
of them still exhibit the eyespots of the Saturnidae. These eyespots, if not otherwise mentioned, show a small hyaline spot,
the variegated rings around it are always enumerated in succession from inside.

*) In order to save space, small specimens were mostly figured, so far as suitable specimens were on hand.

EPIPHORA. By M. Gaede

31

1. Subfamily: Attacinae.

1. Genus: l^piphora Wallgr.

The only genus differs in the neuration from Attacus L. in the presence of vein 1 1 of the forewing. Vein
10 may be present as a short spur as in the latter genus. The subgenus Drepanoptera Bothsch. differs in the
position of vein 1 1 rising from the stalk of 8 + 9. In both wings the cell is open. In the forewing vein 5 is absent,
veins 6 + 7 as well as 8 -j- 9 -f- 10 being forked. In the hindwing veins 5 -j- 6 are forked.

Type: bauhiniae (Auer.

1. Subgenus: Drepanoptera Bothsch. Type: albida Drc.

D. albida Drc. (— semialba Bbl.) (48 a). Forewing violettish red-brown. From the base almost albida.
to the hyaline spot a white patch extending there like a hook anteriorly. The distal white band in the J broad,
almost straight; before the distal margin in the dark undulating line 3 or 4 light spots. Hindwing white. A
dark notched line touching the hyaline spot often only shows through from beneath. Behind it at the distal
margin the greater part is red-brown with yellow-ringed black marginal spots. Forewing in the $ mostly darker
than in the <$, with a narrow white band. Hyaline spots larger. 150, $ 120 mm. Cameroon, Ogowe.

D. feae Auriv. Ground-colour of forewing red-brown. The hyaline spot behind broader, almost like fear.
a reverted comma. On the hindwing the hyaline spot is cut off about parallel to the distal margin, somewhat
quadrangular. On the forewing a white basal hook as in albida, but the upper portion very indistinct. The
exterior line is straight, narrow, behind it pink, powdered with white. Hindwing of the colour of the forewing,
with a strongly undulating white line extending like that of the fore wing and then at the costal margin bent
round to the anal margin. This shape also remains in the following species, though the line is nowhere so undulate.

The abdomen has white rings and a white end, and is thus similar to albida. A 115 mm. Cameroon. D. niepelti
Gschw., also from Cameroon, is probably the same species.

D. vacuna Westw. Ground-colour of the wings the same, densely dusted with white as far as beyond vacuna.
the distal line. Hyaline spot of forewing narrowly luniform, on the hindwing more rounded. The basal hook
as usual, the exterior line narrow, incurved above and below the hyaline spot. On the hindwing the marginal
band bends round to the inner margin close above the hyaline spot. 90- 105 mm. — ploetzi Ploiz (48 a) ploetzi.
is much larger, more violettish-brown. Forewing intensely strewn with white. Basal hook very broad, extending
to the distal band, the anterior branch only feebly developed. On the hindwing the hyaline spot is mostly
just as narrowly luniform as on the forewing. Mostly <$$, 150 — 180 mm. Cameroon. getula Maass. <& Weym. <jjtulu.

(= victoria M. <£•. IF.) is very dark brown with few white scales. The white basal hook is merely a relatively
short streak. Mostly $$, 150— 180 mm. Cameroon. manowiensis Gschw. is said to differ in narrower manowkn-
slanting hyaline spots, the exterior band on the forewing being straighter. Submarginal spots of hindwing
very small. A 1 18, 9 105 mm. East Africa.

D. rectifascia Bothsch. (48 b). Ground-colour brown. The basal hook on the forewing is normal, recti fascia.
the hyaline spot somewhat more extended than in mythimnia. The exterior band straight, distinct, behind
it and at the costal margin dusted with white. Distal margin olive brown, inside of it yellow spots. On the
hindwing the band is not undulating, at the costal margin bent round towards the anal margin. The round
hyaline spot is outside inserted. Behind the band both wings are slightly pink. A 140 mm. Congo. boolana boulana.
Strd. differs only in a relatively broader band on the forewing, being incurved above and below the cell. $

130 mm. Guinea Coast.

D. antinorii Obth. (= magdalenae Griinbg., ducalis Griinbg.) (48 c). Not red-brown, but pure brown, antimrii.
Both the hyaline spots very narrowly luniform. On the forewing the distal line is straight, at the costal margin
slightly incurved, somewhat broader washed out w hite and pink. Distal margin olive yellow, before it similar
black-edged spots. On the hinclwing of the same colour the distal line is curved parallel to the distal margin,
not prolonged to the anal margin. On the forewing no basal hook. 95 — 105 mm. East Africa, Abyssinia,
marginimacula J. A T . shows larger yellow marginal spots on the hindwing. West Africa. margini-

rnacula.

D. pelosoma Bothsch. Larger than the similar antinorii with a white basal hook on the forewing. The pelosoma.
hyaline spots are also somewhat larger. The white exterior band from the costal margin to the centre straight,
then incurved. On the hindwing the band is bent round to the anal margin. Perhaps a form of vacuna. $ 1 20 mm
East Africa.

m ylh imn la.

; pcrvpicuu .

atbarina.

schultzei.

sudanica.

bauhiniae.

vcra.

liujardi.

318 ARGEMA. By M. Gaede.

2. Subgenus: Epiphora 1 Vllgr.

The hyaline spot on the forewing is round, excepting the two first species which form a transition, that
on the hindwing being relatively large. In the first two species the margining is also corresponding to the first
group white, yellow, black. In the real Epiphora- sp>ecies, however, olive yellow instead of yellow. Apex of
forewing mostly much less produced. Vein 1 1 of forewing rises separately.

E. mvthimnia Westw. ( = scribonia Wllgr.) (48 b). Red-brown, intensely' dusted with white. On
the fore wing the usual white hook-shaped band. The hyaline spot of a somewhat variable shape, but not
1 uniform, but broader. On the hindwing the round hyaline spot is rarely inserted outside. The distinct exterior
white band is incurved at the costal margin of the forewing, on the hindwing bent round as far as the anal
margin, on both wings introangular above the inner margin. Abdomen red-brown with whitish-yellow segmental
margins end an ochreous and. 100 — 115 mm. South and East Africa.

E. perspicua Btlr. (48 b). Ground-colour the same, less densely dusted with white. Recognisable
by the abnormally large hyaline spot on the hindwing extending far to the base, that of the forewing being
almost pear-shaped. The exterior band is broad, at the costal margin less incurved, on the hindwing as in
mythimnia. Both the bands touch the hyaline spots and are not introangular at the inner margin. On the
hindwing the marginal band is broad yellow within the black marginal spots. Abdomen red-brown with yellow
segmental margins, at the end whitish. 110 mm. Cameroon.

E. atbarina Btlr. (48 c). Ground-colour dark red-brown, only at the costal margin slightly dusted
with white. The hyaline spot is almost circular, instead of the basal hook a large spot at the inner margin.
The distal line at the costal margin incurved, narrow, not touching the hyaline spot, much widened towards the
inner margin. Hindwing at the base as far as the round hyaline spot white, narrowly so at the anal margin. The
distal band is rather equably broad. Abdomen red-brown with segmental margins, the white colour often
predominates. 100 — 110 mm. Abyssinia. — schultzei Aur. is mostly smaller. At the inner margin on both
wings the white colour is much more extensive and reaches to the distal band. 85 — 110 mm. Lake Tchad.

In sudanica Le Cert , on the contrary the white basal spot is smaller, narrower, at the end hook-shapecl.
East Sudan.

E. bauhiniae Guer. (48 a) is very similar to schultzei. The distal band less incurved at the costal margin
of the forewing. The space outside of it more olive brown. The inner border of the black marginal spots is
of a conspicuous orange-yellow, these in each area parted, in schultzei not so, and their edge outside and inside
of the same colour. The cocoons are somewhat different in these so very similar species, bauhiniae having a larger
thin cocoon, sch ultzei a narrow solid one. Larva green with somewhat cylindrical tubercles which are red beneath
and blue above. On the sides small red dots. ( laspers edged with red, and with blue sides. On species of
Zizyphus. The imagines hatch very irregularly. — vera Janse shows in the forewing a band which is more
slanting at the costal margin and which in 2 of the 3 specimens at hand is almost transsected by the olive
yellow margin of the hyaline spot. On the hindwing the band is, similar to atbarina, somewhat more sharply
angled to the anal angle than in bauhiniae. Abdomen red-brown with white segmental margins. 100- 1 15 mm.
South West Africa, Transvaal.

E. lugardi Ky. (= marwitzi Weym.) (48 c). Almost unicoloured dark red-brown. Hyaline spots
circular. The distal bands similarly shaped as in schultzei, but without the thickening at the inner margin,
very faded white, narrow. Distal margin also darker. On the hindwing the double spots are long and narrow,
not strangulated. Thorax behind not white as in all the other species. Abdomen like the wings, with yellowish-
white segmental margins. 75 — 95 mm. East Africa.

2. Subfamily: Saturniinae.

1. Genus: Argeuia Wallgr.

Antennae of J and $ strongly pectinate. Lore wing broad, at the apex pointed. Neuration: vein 5 far
in front, between it and vein (> the cross-vein is very oblique, 7 -f- 8 -|- 9 forked, veins 10 and 1 1 absent. Hindwing
with long cochleariform tails. Veins 1—4 running into them, veins 5- 7 separated at equal distances.

Type: mimosae- Bscl.

A. mittrei Guer. ( - cometes Guen.. idae Flclr., madagascariensis M. cl' lb.) (51a). Ground-colour
(y) pale green or ($) yellow. Forewing with a brown band near the base and a double distal one forming spots
at the veins. Costal margin and apex brown with white scales, not connected with the eye-spot. Hindwing

m lit rci.

EUDAEMONIA; BUNAEA. By M. gakde.

310

without markings, the long tail red-brown, edged with dark. The eye-spots on both wings large, almost circular,
inside pinkish yellow, outside dark yellow, finely surrounded by black. Cocoon similar to that of mimosae.

170 — 180 mm. Madagascar.

A. mimosae Bsd. (49 b). Ground-colour beautiful green. Costal margin and apex of forewing brown mimosae.
with white scales. An interior line is rarely indicated, the exterior line is undulating, continuous, brown.
Submarginal band strong at the inner margin, anteriorly it hardly reaches to the centre of the wing. Hindwing
similar to mittrei, with relatively shorter tails. On the forewing the brown margin projects to the somewhat
slit-shaped eye-spot, that of the hindwing is rounder. Around the hyaline spot black and yellow margins with
a blue streak in the inner half. 90 to 120 mm. Transvaal, East Africa. Larva grass-coloured with long conical
protuberances the tips of which are yellow, set with short black and long yellow hairs. On the sides the segmental
indentations are blue with yellow streaks. The very solid grey cocoon with fine sieve-like holes. — elucidata ehindala.
Griinba. (= occidentalis Gschv.) is uniformly light green. The costal-marginal band is lighter. The submarginal
band beginning from the inner margin only to vein 2. South-West Africa.

A. besanti Rbl. is smaller than mimosae. Abdomen almost pure white, not yellowish. Ground-colour besanti.
light bluish-green. On the forewing the veins are broad white, also the space within the exterior line and there
curved towards the base below’ vein 2. Also the brown costal margin is inside edged with light. On the hindwing
the eve-spot is somewhat narrower. 0 100 mm. East Africa. It may be only an abnormity.

2. Genus: Him.

Palpi thin and long. Antennae of 9 only shortly pectinate. Forewing broad with a round apex. Vein
10 from the stalk of 7 + 8, veins 9 and 1 I absent. Hindwing with phantastically long thin tails in which the
veins are hardly separable. The $ with a little anal wool. The pupae lie on the ground without a cocoon.

Wings very delicately scaled.

Type: brachyura Dry.

Tr . , . brachyura .

E. brachyura Dry. (= argus Jt.., uroarge Hbn.) (50 b). Ground-colour pink hued with a greenish-
brown. A light exterior band being far incurved at the costal margin is there and at the inner margin feebly
indicated. At the distal edge of the cell small hyaline spots of a variable number, mostly 2 — 4, broad yellow,
finely edged with black, or only yellow’ spots. On the unmarked hindwing 3 — 5 small spots. Ends of the tails
brownish. In some specimens from Cameroon the band of the fore wing is much more distinct and also present
on the hindwing, as well as traces of an interior band, so that there is a great resemblance to the following-
species. 50 — 60 mm. Mesothorax to the end of the tail 90 — 120 mm. Sierra Leone, Cameroon, Congo. — minor minor.

Hall, is a very small form in which the distal band of the forewing is absent. Ogowe. — ghesquierii Talb. is ghesquierii.
larger than the typical form. On the forewing the exterior line is more distinct as far as vein 4. behind it paler
pink than at the apex. In the distal area a submarginal line in front on the centre of the distal area,
posteriorly very near to the distal line. If this line is present at all in typical specimens, it is parallel to the
distal margin. On the hindwing the distal line is distinct. Forewing beneath not hued with yellow. Congo.

E. argiphontes Ky. (49 a). Ground-colour reddish-brown. On the forewing 2 almost straight, distinct, an/iphon-
dark brown lines which are closer together at the costal margin. Median area often darker. Hyaline spots /eSs

of a variable shape, generally arranged in a straight line. On the hindwing the distal line is much stronger than
the interior line, at the latter also a small hyaline spot. 50 — 60 mm. As far as the end of the tails 150 mm.

Sierra Leone, Cameroon. — barnsi J. <4- T. Larger, darker. On the hindwing the exterior line is incurved bar mi.
at the costal margin and thereby parallel to the distal margin, the interior line inside towards the inner margin
more intensely edged with pink. On the hind wing the distal line is inside darker. It m i R.

E. coiini Bouv. is similar to brachyura. Separated by the pinkish-brown colour of the wings and the colini.
greyish-pink sides of the abdomen. The inner line on the forewing straight, double, at the posterior edge of
the cell the two branches are nearer together. The distal line is incurved at the inner margin. Both lines
brown, the enclosed median area darker than the rest of the wing, at its margin without the lines with a light
shine. Distal line of hindwing very intense. 48 mm. Congo.

E. troglophvlla Hmps. described in Conte. Laboratoire du Soie Lyon. 15, p. 13 *. This description troglophyl-
was not accessible to me.

3. Genus: Kienaea Hbn.

Fore wing pointed, in the with a somewhat produced apex, interior angle rounded. Vein's 5 and 6 not
distantly separated, vein 10 branching off near the parting of 7 and the stalk of 8 + 9. Antennae of 2
only finely dentate. Anterior tibiae without spines. Chiefly separated from Xvdaurelia only by the scheme
of markings.

Type: alcinoe Stoll.

320

NUD AURELIA. By M. Gaedi:.

alcinoe. B. alcinoe 8 toll. A most variable species. Ground-colour varying from brown to red-brown. Bases

of both wings almost red. Inner line obliquely distad, white. At the costal margin as far as behind the quadrangu¬
lar, outside indented hyaline spot broadly dusted with grevish-white or yellowish- white. Outer line almost
or entirely absent or also as much as 3 mm broad, behind it at a variable distance the distal area is inside
sharply bordered with white, after that broadly faded white. Hindwing with an interior and exterior white
line, variable as on forewing. Eyespot with or without hyaline spot with yellow, black, white rings. Distal
margin inside white as on fore wing. According to the scheme of markings the species is divided into 3 principal
alcinoe. forms. In alcinoe 8 toll the inner line may be absent (though rarely) on both wings, the outer line is thin or
caffmrin. absent, the hyaline spot is far (5 — 10 mm) away from it. — In caffraria Stoll (= caffra Hbn., nyctalops Wallgr. ,
barbertonia Obth ., sanguebarica Obth., durbania Obth.) (49 a) the inner and outer lines are distinct, the hyaline
aslauga. spot touches or transsects the outer line. - aslauga Ky. (49 a) shows the outer line strong and far remote from
at tricolor, the interior edge of the distal area. The colour also varies greatly; a golden yellow aslaugci-iorm is: — auricolor
Mab. aslauga chiefly occurs in Madagascar, where it was denominated besides: plumicornis Btlr., fuscicolor
de heeri. Mab., diospyri Mab., alcinolna Obth., urania Obth., densilineata Obth. - tie beeri Obth. is an abnormal specimen
mif/aftana. in which the exterior white ring of the eyespot on the hindwing is replaced by black. angasana Westic. is
niibica. presumably like a yellow alcinoe. — nubica Jonl. is somewhat more different. The apex of the forewing is in
the $ but slightly produced. The hyaline spot is inside and outside distinctly edged with orange, less towards
the inner margin. In the hindwing the yellow eye-ring is darker, the white ring fused with the inner and outer
lines. From the Blue Nile. 110 — 150 mm. The forms of alcinoe preferably though by no means exclusively
in West Africa, the forms of caffraria in South and East Africa, the former being mostly also the largest. The
numerous names partly denote single variations of colours and markings, thus they are not all purely synonyms,
but as all the forms are connected by transitions, they can hardly be used and are of interest for special
collectors at most.

tricolor. B. tricolor Rothsch. Ground-colour blackish-grey. Costal margin of forewing somewhat lighter,

the inner white line is only slightly traceable, the outer line single, broad, the space behind it not light. The
hyaline spot is but narrow. On the hindwing the inner line is quite absent, the outer double, broad, filled with
dark. Eyespot as in alcinoe. <$ 130 mm. Abyssinia.

4. Genus: Nil (laurel in Rothsch.

Antennae of £ always strongly pectinate, in the 2 much shorter, or only dentate. In the same species
there often occur differences. In the fore wing vein 10 is stalked with 7 + 8 and may branch off before or behind
vein 7, these species are partly separated as genus Gonimbrasia, or vein 10 rises separately from the cell. The
anterior tibiae partly exhibit two spines. Thus the characterisation of the genus is rather colourless, but it
cannot be more distinct, since surely closely allied forms e. g. arata and triramis show differences in the neuration,
although they may be only a single species. The same disagreeable conditions are also to be found in the larvae.
The imago of bamendana is most similar to gueinzii (vein 10 separate), but the larva of bamendana resembles
that of belinct-osiris (vein 10 stalked). Besides the larvae are most variable, so that specific differences are not
always safely founded upon differences of the larvae. Pupae without cocoon in the ground.

Group! Vein 10 of fore w ing stalked with vein 7 , veins 9 and 11 a b s e n t.

Subgenus Aurivillius Pack. Antennae also in the $ well pectinated. Apex of forewing in the A strongly,
in the 2 less produced.

arata. N. arata Westw. (49 b). Orange-yellow. Interior line thick, violettish -brown, in front of it similar

spots, behind it a stripe in the cell. Eyespot pinkish -brown, with white pink rings. Behind it a thin distinct
notched line. Outer line thick, straight. Behind it broad violettish -brown, mostly parted by a yellow notched
line. Hindwing at the base pinkish-brown with 3 notched variably complete lines. Margin as in forewing.
fusca. Eyespot with black, brown, red, white, red rings. 100- 130 mm. Togo, Cameroon to Natal. — In fusca Rothsch.
diraricaius. the ground-colour is reddish nut-brown. Natal. divaricalus Bout, is a yellow fusca, figured by M a ass ex
and Weymet? (Beitrage fig. 59).

triramis. N. triramis Rothsch. The inner line of the fore wing more sharply notched, finer. Marginal area more

sharply notched, finer. Marginal area more yellow. Antennae of $ and 9 shorter, denser and pectinate.
Otherwise like arata. Vein 10 is not forked with 7 + 8 + 9 as in arata, 11 is absent in both. 90- 110 mm.
Sierra Leone, Angola.

ohcrthiin . N. oberthuri Bout, differs reversely from arata. in the veins, compared with triramis. for vein 10 always

branches off after 7. On the hindwing the dents of the median line meet those of the inner line behind the
eyespot. The outer line is only posteriorly somewhat undulate. The hyaline area in the eye-spot is hardly
recognisable. Tanganyica District.

Pub!. 28. XI. 1927.

NU.D AURELIA. By M. Gae dk.

321

N. horsini Bouv. In the neuration corresponding with aratus. in the colour with fusca, though it is
somewhat more pink. Forewing of the with a very sharply produced apex. The strong dents at the lines
as in divaricatus. The eyespot of the hindwing contains between the black centre and the red ling another grey
one. In the forewing the hyaline spot is punctiform, the lines are dark grey, only the median line is reddish-
brown. $ 125 mm. Dahomey.

Subgenus Ubaena Karsch. Antennae also in the 9 pectinate. Apex somewhat roundish. In the forewing
veins 7 + 10 4- 8 stalked, 9 and 11 being absent. Veins 5 and 6 separated. In the forewing neither an eyespot
nor a hyaline spot.

N. dolabella Drc. (49 b). Fore wing yellow with a blackish-brown marking. Basal band broad, notched,
the median and distal lines slightly curved. Margin broad dark, at the veins variably broad cut by yellow.

Hindwing pink. The dark interior and median bands faded, the exterior one and the margin as on the fore wing.

Eyespot orange-brown and black. — fulleborniana Karsch (= moesta Rbl.) in both wings exhibits between
the median band and the margin only a very narrow light stripe, moesta being an extreme form of it, at the
distal margin as far as the centre of both wings deep black. 100 — 120 mm. East Africa. Nvassa District.

All the following species in which vein 10 of the forewing is stalked with 7, form the subgenus Gonim-
brasia Btlr.

Both wings with eyespots. Fore wing with a round apex. Veins 10 4- 7 + 8 stalked. 9 as a short spur
on 8, vein 11 absent. Antennae of 2 shortly pectinate.

arabella-group.

N. arabella Aur. Body dark red. Forewing orange-yellow. Marking blackish- brown. The two thick
transverse lines approximated at the inner margin. Distal margin with large spots. On the hindwing the interior
half is pink, all the rest as on the forewing. The eyespots on both wings with an elliptical hyaline spot, with
orange-brown, black, red, white, red rings. 110 -125 mm. Transvaal, Natal. — jacksoni .lord. (-. oenopa
Griinbg.) (49 c). The interior line on the forewing is white. Both wings as far as the exterior line claret-coloured,
the latter line edged with white. East Africa. Uganda, Transvaal. — carabella Stnl. is a $ of jacksoni in which

the eyespot touches the exterior line. - rosea Bouv. shows pink veins in the marginal area, the tegulae finely

edged with yellow.

N. princeps Le Cerf. Size and shape of wings as in arabella. Ground-colour greyish-yellow. On the
forewing the interior line is nearer to the eyespot than to the base, rather straight, inside white, outside yellow.

The exterior line is white, yellow, black, similar to oubic. The large round eyespot shows wood-coloured brown,
black, white, greyish-brown rings. Hindwing at the base and distal margin lighter, in the centre lined with
claret-colour. Both wings in the distal areas densely powdered with grey. The interior line on the hindwing
black-white, the exterior line greyish-white black Eyespot smaller than on forewing, with black, red, white
rings. 120 mm. Angola. — callichroma Le Cerf. All the yellow and greyish- yellow colour is replaced by red \ealUchroma.
it may be a subordinate form of jacksoni.

N. oubie Guer. Ground-colour blackish-brown. Veins, costal margin and fringe ochreous-yellow. oubic.
Interior line obliquely distad, below the cell angular, the exterior line almost parallel to the distal margin, both
pink and white. Eyespot large, with olive brown, black, red, white rings, nearer to the interior line. Hindwing
as far as the exterior line pink, eyespot and margin as on forewing. Abdomen with dark brown rings. — aethiopica aethiopica.
Le Cerf. In the forewing the eyespot is equidistant from both the lines, with hardly any red, the lines at most
slightly edged with pink .- argillosa Le Cerf is a form of it with a pointed forewing. Veins and costal margin argillosa.
broadly lighter ochreous. The white lines on both sides narrowly edged with pink. - rothschildi Le Cerf (49 c). rothschildi.
Costal margin on the forewing as far as the interior line broad white. Eyespot without a red ring, nearer to
the exterior line, the lines white. Abdomen unicoloured yellowish-brown. neu villei Le Cerf shows at the neuvillci.

eyespot of the forewing a fine ochreous ring around the black one. Hindwing more intensely red. and in ca'lista callista.

Le Cerf the dark places of both wings are almost black. The forms follow in the same order from Abyssinia
to southern East Africa. — The form from the Tanganyika District is as dark as callista. The eyespot has olive
brown, black, white, reddish-yellow rings. The exterior line is outside edged with a deep black. In zaddachi ~ addachi .
Dew. (49 c) the costal margin and veins are reddish-orange. The eyespot of the forewing shows red brown,
black, white, ochreous rings. The exterior line is inside edged with pink, outside with black. Abdomen reddish-
brown. angolan Le Cerf, likewise from the western coast, has narrower lines, the interior line not angular, antjotan.
extending uniformly obliquely distad. The species also occurs in the Transvaal, but the form has not been
denominated. 85 — 95 mm. - ferruginea Bouv. is similar to rothschildi . The red ring on the eyespot of the ferruginea.
hindwing is pale brick red. Hindwing more rusty red. Congo.

hersilia-group.

N. macrophthalma Ky. (50 a). Ground-colour brownish yellow, on the hindwing turning salmon- macro ph-
pink. Interior line of fore wing black and pinkish- white, obliquely distad, introangular below the cell. In specimens
which I take to be the species it is also red-brown. Eyespot small, pale, with black and pinkish-white rings.

Exterior line pinkish- white, parallel to the distal margin, slightly undulated, inside edged with pink, outside
with black. Hindwing with a faded interior line. Eyespot large, with black, red, white rings. Exterior line

XIV 41

dolabella .

fullebornia¬

na.

arabella.

jackson i.

carabella .
rosea .

princeps.

NUT) AURELIA . By M. Gaepe.

322

editha. black, inside white. 110 mm. Gold Coast. editha Wichgrf. Similar to heisilia. On the forewing the black-
white-red exterior line is about just as far from the margin as in the latter, slightly curved. The angle of the
interior line is indistinct. Outside between the veins intensely dusted with black. On the hindwing the white-
elisa. black line is broader black, without red. 95 — 100 mm. East Africa. ellsa Wichgrf. (— nigericola Strd.).

The interior black-white-red line of the forewing is notched like lightning. The eyespot of the forewing has
van. narrower rings than that of the hindwing. Fringes on both wings blackish. 2 100 mm. Togo, Niger. — vau
Faroe, is an intensely red form, similar to elisa in which the red edging of the transverse lines is absent. East
Africa.

dido. X. hersilia Westiv. (= ansorgei Bothsch.). The most feebly marked form is dido M. <£• II . Ground¬

colour of forewing yellow, finely dusted with dark. Eyespot somewhat oblong, with violettish-brown, black,
white rings. Exterior line black, inside edged with pinkish-white. Hindwing yellowish-pink. The interior
dark line is indistinct, the exterior line as on the forewing. Eyespot with violettish-brown, black, red, white
hersilia. rings. The normal form hersilia (50 a) has also an interior line, distally angular below' the cell, dark brown,
rendalli. outside pink. retldalli Bothsch. The two lines are on the sides facing each other besides edged with red, like
the eyespot. ansorgei is presumably only a dark-dusted hersilia. 90 — 110 mm. East Africa, Nyassa District.
Uganda, South Africa. The larva is light green with short, red brown spines. A white lateral stripe is above
broadly edged with red from the 4th to 10th segments.

hersilioides. N. liersliioides Fleury. Very similar to hersilia. Eorewing without a hyaline spot. The interior line

does not extend to the costal margin and is at any rate feeble. Exterior line only black-white. Forewing ot
somewhat more pointed. Under surface powdered with red. Larva quite different from that of hersilia.
Senegal.

jcbhac. N. jebbae Sharpe. Similar to rendalli, more reddish. The exterior line only greyish-brown. The whole

distal margin reddish-brown. The eyespot is only a small hyaline spot. The hindwing lacks the exterior line.
Eyespot very large, similar to rendalli. $ 85 mm. Niger.

licit arbas. N. licharbas M. <Sb IT. (50 a). Roth wings brown, in the $ darker in the marginal area. The interior

line dark, with 2 bows, outside pink. Exterior line farther away from the margin, at the costal margin less
incurved than in hersilia. in the inside distinctly, in the $ indistinctly bordered with white. Eyespot with
reddish-brown, fine black, white rings. Hindwing with distinct broad black lines, both edged with white.

ihyene. Eyespot large, with dark yellow, black, red, white rings. 115 — 125 mm. Togo, Tanganyika. — thyene Weym.
is a small more intensely red-brown form. Eyespots of both wings relatively smaller. 95 — 100 mm. Cameroon,
ienestricu- Tanganyika. — fenestriculata Strd. is a lighter or darker red-brown form, the hindwing intensely suffused with
lata. pinp Interior line of forewing black- white, mostly more pointedly angled below the cell. Eyespot of hindwing
often very large. 110—130 mm. Togo, Cameroon, East Africa. Larva green. Spines brown with dark tips,
situate in blue spots. Cervical shield and claspers yellowish-brown.

phidias. N. phidias Weym. (51 a). Yellowish-brown, densely dusted with blackish- brown. The two lines

broad yellow. The interior line below the cell obtusely angular, the exterior line very far from the distal margin,
both on the averted sides edged with black. Hyaline spot in the eyespot somewhat larger, with dark brown,
black, dark yellow rings. In the hindwing both the lines are broad pinkish-white, the exterior line broadly edged
with black. Eyespot with red-brown, black, red rings, with a pinkish-white halo as far as the two lines.
maasseni. 1 15 — 120 mm. East Africa. maasseni Strd . is blackish-brown. On the forewing both the lines are thin, distinct,

yellow. On the hindwing both are white, narrower than in phidias. The halo around the eyespot is white,
schonheili. narrower. £ 120 mm. Tanganyika. — schonheiti is slightly different from maasseni.

aurantiaca. N. aurantiaca Bothsch. Dark orange-yellow. On the forewing the interior line is black- white, twice

angular, the exterior line white-black, rather far from the distal margin. Eyespot with brown, black rings. On
the hindwing the lines are the same. Eyespot very large. Without the black ring there is besides a red. whitish-
pink. and red ring. 120 mm. Nyassa District.

mpalensis. N. mpalensis South. Ground-colour light brownish-yellow, strewn with pinkish-white scales. Interior

line fine red-brown, at the median vein excurved. Eyespot with yellow, black, red-brown rings. Exterior line
blackish-brown, inside pink, far from the distal margin. Apex more intensely dusted with pink. Hindwing at
the base pink. Eyespot with yellow, black, claret-coloured, pink rings. 110 mm. Tanganyika.

rectilineata. N. rectilineata South . Reddish-yellow. The lines are thin dark brown, edged with pink. The interior

line is straight, the exterior line at the costal margin nearer to the apex than in the preceding species, straight,
slightly undulating. Base and costal margin pinkish-brown. The small eyespot has yellow, black, pink rings.
On the hindwing the eyespot has yellow, red, black, red, white, red rings. $ 100 mm. Tanganyika.

rendalliana. N. rendalliatia nom. nov. (= rendalli Bothsch. Nov. 4th, nee Noy. 3rd). Saffron-coloured. On the

forewing the interior line is 3 mm broad, in the submedian fold inwardly removed, greyish-black, white and
claret-coloured, the exterior line just as broad, the colours in the reverse order, excurved between the veins.
Eyespot with nut-brown, red-brown, pink, claret-coloured rings. Hindwing as far as the exterior line claret-
coloured. The eyespot with cinnamon-brown, black, red, white rings. The claret-coloured part of the exterior

NUDAURELIA. By M. Gabde.

323

line disappears in the ground-colour. Beneath on the fore wing the eyespot and exterior line as above, the
eyespot of the forewing without the white margin. 110 mm. Central Africa.

N. richelmanni Weym. (50 c). Yellow, dusted with claret-colour. Interior line claret-coloured, on the richdmun-
median vein inwardly removed, the exterior line black, inside grey and red, both much narrower than in
rendalliana. The small eyespot has orange yellow, black, pink rings. The exterior line is nearer to the margin
than to the eyespot. On the hindwing the interior line is indicated by a pink shadow, the exterior line as on
the forewing. Eyespot with yellow, black, red, white, red rings. Beneath on both wings claret-coloured, the

exterior lines almost straight, the eyespots small, orange yellow, black. 110 mm. Nyassa District.

♦

N. kasaiensis Bouv. is perhaps not different from richelmanni. The following differences are stated: kasuicnsis.
interior line of forewing twice angular, exterior line blackish-brown, inside edged with pink, which, however,
is almost the same in richelmanni. 105-115 mm. Congo.

belina-group. The forewing lacks a real eyespot.

N. belina Westw. (51 b). The typical form is lighter or darker olive brown. Interior line of forewing bclina.
outside broad white, mostly somewhat angular at the median vein, otherwise straight, obliquely distad. The
space as far as the cell often powdered with light. The cut-off hyaline spot is finely edged with dark yellow,
black, dingy yellow, white. The exterior line is not incurved at the costal margin, inside edged with white.

On the centre of the distal area sometimes light dusting. Hindwing at the costal margin often pink. Eyespot
large, with rings of the same colours as on the forewing. Interior line white, exterior line as on forewing. South
Africa. — junodi Ohth. is claret-coloured, hardly dusted with white. Delagoa Bay. — ukerewensis Rbl. (= ufipana junodi.
Strd.) (51 b) shows on the fore wing only a punctiform hyaline spot feebly margined with rust-brown. On the ulcerewen-
hindwing the white margin of the much larger eyespot is fused with the exterior line. 115 mm. Tanganyika
District. — osiris Drc. (= deborah Weym., sardane South.) has a reddish-brown ground-colour. Also the basal osiris.
area is often powdered with white. The interior line is straight or uniformly bent. The dusting behind it and
in the distal area is almost invariably present. The hyaline spot is finely edged with orange and dark. Hindwing
as far as the exterior line pink, The eyespot has dark yellow, black, pink, white rings. East Africa,
occidentalis Rothsch. ( = vinosa Rothsch.). Similar to osiris, the apex on the forewing is more produced. Th e occidentalis.
white dusting is less dense. The exterior line on the forewing is inside margined with red-brown or red before
the narrow white margin. On the hindwing the exterior line is farther outside, its light edge often disappears
posteriorly. Gold Coast. — f elder i Rothsch. Similar to a red belina, but without coloured rings at the quadran- jcldcri.
gular hyaline spot of the forewing. Eyespot of hindwing with a large white ring. 120 mm. Abyssinia. This
may be the osim-form corresponding to ukerewensis. — Larva similar to that of nictitans , jet-black, with
greenish-yellow dots and single stiff black hairs with white tips.

N. conradsi Rbl. (= ochreata Griinbg.) (52 a, c). Ground-colour greenish-ochreous, lighter than in conradsi.
belina. On the forewing the interior line is obtusely angular at the median vein, then vertical to
the inner margin, outside edged with pinkish-white. The exterior line is on both sides edged the same. Hyaline
spot punctiform, finely margined with rusty yellow and black. Hindwing at the costal margin pink, otherwise
blackish violet. Eyespot as in belina. Exterior line inside edged with pinkish-white. The $ is more pink.

80 — 100 mm. Tanganyika District. A Congo-specimen (r>) probably also belonging hereto shows the hindwing
almost redder than the P, and the exterior line is likewise outside edged with white and pink. Beneath the
eyespot of the forewing shows black, red, white rings without a yellow centre. — ruandana Griinbg. (52 a) the ruandana.
description of which I could not find, is dark chocolate, on the hindwing with a very large eyespot, distal margin
dark olive brown. Type in the Berlin Museum.

N. pales Weym. differs from belina in the absence of the white collar. Ground-colour greenish-grey, -pales.
Interior line indistinct, exterior line farther distally, very fine. Hyaline spot only margined with blackish-
brown. Hindwing at the costal margin pink. Eyespot with blackish-brown, black, white rings. Exterior line
inside edged with white, broader than on fore wing. 1 $ Cameroon. Type in a private collection.

N. nictitans F. (52 a). Light olive brown, without a light collar. Interior line of forewing notched, nictitans.
dark. In the median area the central third is of a purer brown. The hyaline spot is a fine dot without rings.

Exterior line straight, dark, fine, inside finely edged with light. Hindwing at the costal margin somewhat
pink. Interior line faded black, exterior line thick. Eyespot large, with dark olive-brown, black, ground-colour,
white rings. 95 — 115 mm. West Africa. Larva varying from brownish-red to greenish-brown, with pale green
dots. The short spines brownish-red, posteriorly bent, situate in brown spots, with short white hair. Head,
cervical shield, and claspers brown.

Group II. Vein 10 of forewing separately from the cell. Subgenus: Nudaurelia Rothsch.

N. anna M. A lb. (50 b). Yellow. The interior black-white-red band on the forewing is very indistinct, anna.
rather straight. Eyespot loam coloured, black and pink. Exterior line broader, straight or in the centre
slightly incurved, the colours in a reverse order. Behind it another similar, mostly much broader band. On the

324

NUD AURELIA. By M. Gaede.

liindwing the two lines as on the forewing, the marginal band disappearing in front. Eyespot with loam-
coloured. black, pinkish-white, partly also red rings. Forewing in the median area from the inner margin to the
cell often claret-coloured, also the hindwing as far as the exterior line. Beneath varying from a pure orange-
yellow to claret-colour. Eyespot beneath margined with yellowish-brown, on the forewing with black. Exterior
lines straight, 95—120 mm. East Africa.

In the following species the $$ mostly have only fine dents on the antennae, on each joint a pair of
short ones and a pair of very short ones.

cythcrca. N. cytherea F. (50 c). Orange-yellow. Interior line dark brown and white, notched as far as the sub-

median fold, then inwards, exterior line pinkish white and dark brown, at the costal margin somewhat nearer
to the apex. Both lines broad, faded. Eyespot with a large hyaline spot, with yellow, black, pinkish- white,
often also red rings. On the hindwing the same. Here the innermost ring of the eyespot is sometimes also black;
the eyespot may touch the exterior line. On the forewing the distance of the two lines is very variable, they
may be pointedly contiguous in the submedian fold. Before the distal margin often a band of dark spots. -
capons is. capensis Stoll is more or less brown or red-brown. Both the eyespots with yellow, black, white rings. Lines
dark brown and white. Marginal spots, if present, lighter than the ground. 120 — 140 mm. Both forms in
lucida. South Africa. — lucida Rothsch. (50 c). Smaller. Thorax in front and behind more intensely red. The two
lines are broadly washed out, red-brown. Eyespots smaller. Apex of forewing in the A less pointed. Ground-
pa icper. colour orange-yellow, sometimes with a violettish-brown hue. A 100 — 110 mm. East Africa. — pauper Bouv.

is a subordinate form of lucida , in which the pinkish-white ring of the eyespot is replaced by a grey one. Under
unicolor. surface more yellow. — unicolcr Bouv. is only plain narrow red-brown, otherwise like pauper,
camegiei. N. carnegiei Janse. Forewing cadmium-yellow, at the costal margin grey. Interior line vertical to the

inner margin, grey and pink. Eyespot large, with a large hyaline spot which is inside straightly cut off. with
yellow, black, grey rings. Exterior line parallel to the distal margin, double, grey. Median area dusted with
brown and pink. In the marginal area olive brown notched spots. Hindwing of the same colour. Interior line
indistinct, exterior line bent according to the distal margin. Eyespot with yellow, broad black and grey rings.
$ 145 mm. Transvaaal.

In the following species the distal margin of the A hindwing is rather straight.
dione. N. dione F. (—- simplicia Maass., petiveri Over.) (50 b). Orange-yellow. Forewing at the base

with a light violettish-red spot, interior line as in cytherea notched, straight to the inner margin. Eyespot very
small, with yellow, black, white, red rings. Exterior line straight, violettish-brown, double. Distal margin
with indistinct violettish-brown spots. Hindwing with a larger eyespot, without basal spots, otherwise as in
huilcri. cytherea. — butleri Aur. (South.). Interior line of forewing obliquely distad, uniformly very much notched.
Eyespot of hindwing with yellow, black, red, pink rings. $ 130 mm. dione (95 — 125 mm) occurs in the whole
tropical region. The deej) black larva with yellow pointed spines in (i rows, with short stiff hairs on it. On the
1 1th segment the two dorsal spines are united.

untjcmachii. N. ungeniachti Bouv. Ground-colour dark olive-brown, otherwise similar to wahlhergi. On the

forewing the exterior line is narrow, light grey and blackish, also behind the cell exeurved, the eyespot as in
wahlhergi. The eyespot of the hindwing is most variegated: yellow, black, red, violettish- white, and blackish-
brown. $ 115 mm. Abyssinia.

wahlhergi. N. wahlhergi B.sd. (52 c). Similar to a dione being dusted with dark brown especially in the forewing.

Interior line much broader, uniformly notched, black and broad pinkish- white. Exterior line dark red, white,
black. Eyespot with a hyaline spot of variable size, with yellow, black, pink rings. Margin with a violettish-
grey notched band. Hindwing the same, the eyespot touches the exterior line. 100 — 125 mm. South and East
rhodina. Africa, — rhodina Rothsch. (51 b). Varying between yellowish brown and red-brown. Costal margin of hindwing
and the under surface often as far as the exterior line pink. The hyaline spots of the eyespots smaller, on the
forewing with hardly any coloured rings. Exterior line in both wings feebler. 95 mm. East Africa,
anihina. N. anthina Karsch (= preussi Stgr. i. 1.) (52 b). Dark orange-yellow or dark reddish-vellow. Basal

spot and interior line similar to wahlhergi. but less notched. Eyespot with a rather large hyaline spot which
is inside straightly cut off, with yellow, often also fine black rings. Exterior line double, black, filled with
white, often the interior branch is reddish. The veins behind it with black and white streaks, followed by broad
violet bows. Hindwing in the median area in front pink. Eyespot with an invariably small hyaline spot, with
f Invoice nn. distinct yellow, black, white rings. Before the distal margin often a violet band. flavescens Rothsch. (— preussi
perse phone. Stgr. i. 1. ) are particularly light yellow specimens. - persephone Stgr. i . I . (52 b) deep dark red-brown. — xanthomma
.lunthomma. j^0fflscj{ The hyaline spot of the forewing is almost or entirely absent, the apex still more pointed than in normal
specimens, the exterior line is farther outside. On the hindwing the distal margin is greyer. 95 — 120 mm.
Cameroon, Sierra Leone.

cleoris. N. cleoris Jord. Distal margin of A hindwing uniformly bent. Apex of forewing not projecting much.

Greenish brown, suffused with violet. Interior line broad brown, somewhat angular, in front outside bordered
with pinkish-white, like the exterior line on the inside. Veins in the median and distal areas black. Eyespot small,
with yellow and indistinct black rings. Without distinct marginal spots. Hindwing claret-coloured as far as
the exterior line, at the inner margin brownish. Distal margin olive-brown. The white margin of both lines

NUD AURELIA . By M. Gaede.

only feebly developed. Eyespot -small, with yellow, black, reddish -white rings. Fringes of both wings blackish -
brown. Beneath claret-coloured and pinkish-grey. A dark brown band in the forewing close behind the eyespot,
on the hindwing a band enclosing the eyespot. $ 115 mm. L. Kivu.

N. guein/ii Karsch (52 b). Dark orange-yellow. Interior line fine brown, outside broad pink, notched. guciir.ii.
rectilinear, at the costal margin broader light. Eyespot with a rather large hyaline spot, with yellow, red and
pink fine rings. Exterior line brown, inside pinkish-white, often besides finely edged with reddish, at the costal
margin inside broad light. In the distal area a pink notched band which may be absent. Hindwing at the
centre of the costal margin pink. The large hyaline spot has orange-yellow, black, pink rings. The two lines
as on the forewing, often touching the eyespot. 95— 120 mm. East Africa. venus Rbl. exhibits the apex venus.
of the o forewing rounded and produced. Of the interior line only the light distal portion is present. Hyaline
spot small. On the hindwing the eyespot is smaller, also the base is hued with pink and only the anal margin
is yet orange. 115— 120 mm. East Africa. - myitea Rbl. (52 c) has a taperingly produced apex in the often myrlcu.
a large hyaline spot being also inside straightly cut off as in venus, very finely margined with yellow at most.

On the hindwing the eyespot is as large as in gueinzii. A 125 — 150 mm. East Africa. nyassana Rothsch. is nyassuna.

smaller, darker, the interior line is more notched, the exterior line at the costal margin more remote from the
apex, therefore steeper. Hindwing also intensely pink. Nyassa District. - fasciata f. n. The interior line is fuse tula.
as in nyassana, besides there is behind the hyaline spot, somewhat excurved around the latter, a broad reddish-
brown straight band vertical to the inner margin. On the under surface it is not excurved and passes through
the hyaline spot. 1 $ 100 mm. Abyssinia. Type in the Berlin Museum.

N. rubra Bouv. Similar to gueinzii by the reddish ground-colour and the scanty spotting in the marginal rubra.
area. Eyespots similar to (Hone and ivahlbergi. The exterior line on the forewing is black, inside edged with
violettish-pink, straight. In the A hindwing continued, in the 2 almost absent. The interior line in the edged
with pink. Eyespot of forewing with a hyaline spot being cut off inside, with yellow, cerise, pink and reddish
rings. Eyespot of hindwing similar to dione with yellow, black, pink, cerise rings. 100 — 112 mm. Congo.

N. aftinis Bouv. also resembles gueinzii. Ground-colour pale pinkish- brown. The interior line is af finis.
white and large, the exterior line narrow, black, inside intensely white. On the hindwing the exterior line is
almost straight. On both wings a dark median band passes through the eyespots, in fasciata this is not the
case above and the interior line is anything but white. Delagoa Bay.

N. rhodophila Wkr. (— intermiscens Wh\) (53 a). Apex of forewing in the and 9 somewhat rhodophila.
produced. Ground-colour greenish-brown. Interior line vertical to the inner margin, outside broadly white,
somewhat dentately defined. Hyaline spot as in anthina, but without a margin. The distal line at the costal
margin nearer to the apex, the pinkish- white broad notched margin directly follows. Hindwing at the costal
margin pink. Interior line broad white, exterior line and its edge as on the forewing. Eyespot with dark orange-
yellow, black, dingy yellow, white rings. 90 — 125 mm. Sierra Leone, Togo, Cameroon, Congo. — Larva almost
unicoloured red-brown, with 6 rows of plain, coniform, blackish-brown spines with sharp points. The spines
basally with short soft hairs. Head, dorsum on the 1st segment, anal plate, and feet yellowish- brown. The
2 dorsal spines are united on the 11th segment.

N. sonthonnaxi Weym. (= alopia SonJu). Forewing copper-brown, apex produced. Interior line sonthou-
vertical, brown, outside white, indistinctly so as far as the centre of the wing. The small hyaline spot is feebly naxi
edged with blackish-brown. The exterior line is placed as in rhodophila, outside broadly, inside only at the
costal margin edged with a pinkish white. Hindwing at the costal margin pink, otherwise as on the forewing.

The interior light line is excurved at the anal margin ; eyespot with brown, black, copper-brown, white rings.

The dark exterior line is somewhat flawed in the centre. J 90 mm. Tropical Africa. I take this ,, species"'
to be an aberrative rhodophila.

N. alopia Westw. According to Weymer this is a species different from sonthonnaxi. The eyespot alopia.
of the hindwing is only formed by 3 rings, a reddish-yellow, black, and pinkish-white one. Nor is there anything
mentioned in the original description about the flaw of the exterior line. 105 mm.

N. alceslris Weym. Vein 10 of forewing rising separately, the species is ranged here; the author alceslris.
compares it with conradsi which belongs to the belina- group, and with zambesina in which vein 10 is very shortly
stalked. Fore wing more tapering than in zambesina . Ground-colour greenish greyish-yellow, somewhat more
brownish than conradsi . Interior line dark brown, outside white, from 1 , of the costal margin to before the
centre of the inner margin quite straight, in front the white margin has broadly flown out. Hyaline spot 2 mm
large, surrounded by a margin of the ground-colour and a white one of 0 mm diameter. Exterior line fine dark
brown, outside edged with white, posteriorly more broadly so. Hindwing more brownish, with a straight
interior line. The size of the eyespot varies between zambesina and conradsi , with a large hyaline spot/ with
red-brown, black, yellowish-grey, white rings. Costal margin almost not pink. Exterior line dark, inside finely,
outside more broadly edged with white. $ 135 mm. Type in a private collection.

N. staudingeri Aur. (53 a) is extremely similar to belina, more yellowish-green. Hyaline spot in the staudingeri
forewing hardly edged with dark. Interior line at the costal margin introangular, not straight as in alcestri s.

Exterior line inside finely, outside more broadly edged with white. Hindwing with the same eyespot and the
same interior line as in belina. Exterior line inside white, outside broad black, the latter part with an indistinct

326

NUD AURELIA . By M. Gaede.

cotujolensis

rcducta.

bamendana.

latifasciata.

germaini .

gschwand¬

neri.

cmini.
macro pts.

benguelac.

a math usia.

zambesi na.

ringleri.

zangucbari-

ca.

rcctilinea.

said.

white median line, sharply curved around the eyespot, terminating at the costal margin and anal margin far
towards the base. 80 — 90 mm. Sierra Leone. The 2 of this species has remarkably strong antennal pectinations.

congolensis Bouv. is more yellowish-red. larger. The hyaline spot of the forewing is finely margined with
yellow, blackish-red, pink, and incompletely with white. The eyespot of the hindwing is somewhat different
from that in belina. with dark yellow, black, pink, and white lings. 105—115 mm. Congo.

N. reducta Rbl. $. Light ochreous. The exterior line is as steep as in nyassana. On the eyespot of
the hindwing the black ring is followed by a red one, then only conies the pink one. The slight difference
in the veins is mentioned as the reason of its being an independent species, but we can only decide upon this
when we know the larva. It may be the 9 of nyassana. 90 — 100 mm. Nyassa District.

N. bamendana A. Schultze is similar to gueinzii. Ground-colour more chrome-yellow. Transverse lines
unicoloured violettish-grey, the exterior line slightly excurved above vein 0. The eyespot has a narrow yellow
and broader violettish-brown ring. On the hindwing the exterior line is parallel to the distal margin. The much
smaller eyespot has yellow, black, carmine, reddish-white rings. Larva similar to that of Gon. osiris. 2 100 mm.
Cameroon.

hi the following species the apex of the forewing is very taperingly produced.

N. latifasciata South. Chrome-yellow. The two bands broad claret-coloured, the interior one somewhat
undulating, the exterior one straight, at the costal margin broader. Eyespot small, with yellow, black rings.
On the hindwing the two lines are united at the costal margin. Eyespot rather large, somewhat quadrangular,
with yellow, black, red rings. B U0 mm. Dahomey.

N. germaini Bouv. Ground-colour and arrangement of the lines similar to latifasciata. dusted with
reddish near the inner margin of the forewing, particularly before the exterior line. The small eyespot is margined
with yellow and reddish. On the hindwing the interior yellow ring forms an incomplete hexagon, the last pink
ring being broad. The two lines are in front even more distantly separated than behind. On the forewing the
exterior line is broad greyish-black, on both sides narrowly margined with reddish, in front it is still broader
grey. In the marginal area 5 reddish notched spots. The apex is still more produced than in latifasciata.

N. gschwandneri Rbl. (51 c). Orange-yellow. The basal area is bordered by a broad line projecting
pointedly distad at the median vein. Exterior line double, red-brown, filled with grey, parallel to the distal
margin. Before it at the costal margin violettish-grey. The median area is more or less intensely suffused with
red-brown. The eyespot is diminutive, margined with yellow, dark. In the marginal area a violettish-brown
notched band. On the hindwing also both lines broad, anteriorly united. Eyespot with orange-yellow, black,
red. pink rings. The band in the marginal area may be absent. 105 — 120 mm. Cameroon, Congo.

N. emini Btlr. Similar to gschwandneri. The interior line is uniformly notched. Eyespot small, hyaline
spot inside straight, margined with yellow, black. The dark notched band in the marginal area is stronger.
On the hindwing the basal area is flesh-coloured. Eyespot as in gueinzii. The notched band is feeble. — macrops
Rbl. (51 c). Forewing with a large round hyaline spot. Median area more intensely darkened, the interior line
almost straight. The exterior dentate band, particularly on the forewing very broad. 125 — 135 mm. Xyassa
District. — benguelae Obth. shows the exterior lines on both wings more distinctly double than macrops, the
hyaline spots are of the same size. The eyespot on the hindwing is besides surrounded by another black ring.
Apex of forewing also in the 9 somewhat produced . 9 160 mm. Benguela.

N. amathusia Weym. (53 a). Claret-coloured. A broad, notched, faded, interior band is grey, in the
type not recognisable. Exterior line double, dark, filled with light, straight, very near to the distal margin, at
the costal margin inside grey. The margin itself darker. Eyespot with an inside straight hyaline spot, with yellow,
fine red rings. Hindwing coloured the same. Eyespot large, with yellow, black, pinkrings. 1 1 5 — 125 mm. Cameroon.

Group III. Subgenus: Thyella Fldr. (Angelica Disc.)

In the fore wing vein 10 on a short stalk with 7 + 8. vein 9 being present as a short spur. Antennae
of 9 with almost still shorter pectinations than hitherto. Apex of forewing in the B somewhat produced and
also in the 9 tapering, wings with coarse scales. Palpi better visible than in the two other groups.

N. zambesina Wkr. (53 b). Grevish-green with interspersed dark scales. Interior line black, below
the cell rectangular, somewhat notched, outside edged with white and also at the costal margin with white
scales as far as the exterior line which is distinctly black, very little undulating, outside broadly washed out
white. Eyespot small, with a rather large hyaline spot, margined with loam-colour, black, greyish-yellow,
white. Base and central area claret-coloured and green in a variable proportion. Behind the blackish- white
exterior line greyish-green. 100 — 125 mm. East Africa. - ringleri Wichgif. (53 b). Interior line very dentate
and mostly more distinct, exterior line uniformly undulating. Natal. There are also transitions between the
two forms, as for instance zanguebarica Obth. in which the exterior line is almost straight, the interior line pointedly
projecting, and rectilinea Obth. which is almost a normal zambesina.

N. said Obth. (= barcas M . <£■ IF.) (53 b). Though the species is figured brown, it is according
to the description as red-brown as bat cm. Marking similar to zambesina . Eyespot of forewing with yellowish-
brown. black, red. white rings. Hindwing as far as the exterior line dark pink. Eyespot with vellowish-brown.
black, pink, white rings. 115 130 mm. East Africa.

LQBOBUNAEA. By M. Gaede.

327

N. tyrrhea Cr. (54 b). Greenish greyish-brown. Interior line white, very strongly notched, exterior tgrrhea.
line thick, black, luniformly notched, inside little, outside broadly edged with white. Eyespot often with a
rather large hyaline spot, with olive brown, black, olive yellow, white rings. On the hindwing the interior line
is more faded. Costal margin more or less pink. Eyespot as on forewing, larger. 95 — 120 mm. South Africa.

— In specimens from the Kilimanjaro the interior line of the forewing is excurved at the median vein and below

vein 2, not notched, on the hindwing the exterior blackish band is broader, its inner white edge often feeble: hoelnwli.

hoehneli Ryhf.

5. Genus: Pack.

Apex of forewing in the tapering, mostly far produced, in the $ also rather tapering, but little produced.
Veins 5 and 6 not distantly separated, 10 free, veins 7 + 8 stalked, 9 and 1 I absent.

Type, phaedusa Drury. It is really but a subordinate genus of Nvdaurelia, though it differs rather
much in the scheme of markings.

phaedusa-group.

Antennae of $ with short pectinations. In the forewing a hyaline spot of a variable size, sometimes
with an eyespot. From the costal margin near the apex to % inner-margin an almost straight dark line. On
the hindwing the large eyespot is surrounded by a halo of a variable size. Hyaline spot punctiform.

L. saturnus F. Ochreous-brown. Apical line dark brown, in front outside of it white dusting. The salumus.
eyespot on the hindwing is black, red, white, surrounded by a violettish-black halo. A dark exterior line is
indicated. Beneath on the forewing a black, red, white eyespot. On the hindwing only a brown line from the
apex to the centre of the anal margin. $ 1 70 mm. Angola. According to Prof. Auim ilt ius this is not Fabric lits"
species, the name was therefore changed to weymeri Aur.

L. tanganicae South. In the colour and eyespot-marking above similar to saturnus. A median band tanganicac.
which in the latter is indistinctly traceable in front on the fore wing, is entirely absent here. Beneath the eyespot
of the foiewing is formed by 2 separate black semicircles with a violet margin. $ 170 mm. The specimen
figured by Sonthonnax shows the apex cut off, but that is presumably only an exception

L. phaedusa Drury (= thomsoni Ky., laestrvgon Mab.) (53 c). Light ochreous brown varying to phaedusa.
violettish -brown. On the forewing an indistinct dark interior and median band. The interior band is oblique,
somewhat angular, the other traversing the hyaline spot, both outside at the costal margin dusted with white
in a variable intensity, also below the apex. The eyespot of the hindwing is as in saturnus, but in a dark red
halo. Beneath on the forewing a smaller eyespot , on the hindwing one formed of large spots, lighter or darker
greenish-brown. Besides a similar basal spot. 160 — 180 mm. Sierra Leone, Togo, Cameroon, Congo.

L. ammon Karsch. Similar to a light phaedusa. The apical line ist outside edged with white, the amnion.
median band is mostly not recognisable. On the hindwing the red halo is but narrow. Beneath on the forewing
a long extended eyespot with black, narrow red and white rings. On the hindwing no eyespot. ^ J 50- 160 mm.

East Africa. — phaedusa-orienti s Le Cert is probably the $ of it.

L. cliristyi Sharpe. Similar to phaedusa, but of not such variable colours, greyish-brown. On the chrMyi.
forewing above also a large black, red, white eyespot. Beneath greyer, otherwise not different from phaedusa.

150 — 170 mm. Togo, Niger, Tanganyika.

L. phaeax Jord. Chiefly separated from christy i by the shorter antennal pectinations. Apical line phaeax.
more incurved. Gold Coast.

L. laurae Strd. Eyespot-marking above and beneath exactly as in phaedusa. On the forewing an laura-e.
interior and median line not visible. Ground-colour deep dark reddish-brown. 150 mm. Spanish Guinea.

It may be a small dark local form of phaedusa.

L. acetes Westio. (53 a). Forewing yellowish ochreous or reddish ochreous. The interior dark line acctea.
is strongly notched. The apical line is situate far outside, behind it fadedly lighter. The hyaline spot in the
A small, in the Q large, inside straightly cut off, with a narrow dark faded edge. Hindwing more or less pink.

Hyaline spot as on fore wing, with greenish-brown, black, dingy yellowish-white rings. Exterior line almost
straight. 120—140 mm. Sierra Leone, Cameroon.

L. melanoneura Rothsch. Ground-colour darker ochreous. The marginal area on the forewing narrower, mclanoncu-
ahove and beneath smoky brown. The veins, beginning from the centre of the wing, are black. Antennae of ra-

<3 with shorter pectinations than in acetes. Gold Coast.

niepelii.

rosea.

goodii.

Ihoirci.

crijthrotes.

in itfordi.

■jamesonh

arthiops.

alinda.

ilhistris.

■niorlnrtrJi .

328 LOBOBUNAEA. By M. Gaf.dk.

L. niepelti Strd. According to the figure in Lep.-Niep. it differs from normal m etes in the narrower
distal area of the forewing and a very large eyespot in the hindwing, the distal margin of which is somewhat
less straight, whereby it resembles eryth rotes Karsch. Costal margin pinkish brown. Whether the differences
are great enough to justify a separation from the latter, cannot be decided without having compared them,
but it is improbable. 125 mm. Congo.

L. rosea South. Forewing greyish- brown, suffused with pink, in the narrow distal area browner.
Separated from all the other similar species by a faded brown median band. Hindwing at the base and anal
angle pink. Eyespot as in arete. s, with a distinct red halo as far as the exterior line. $ 105 mm. Tanganyika.

L. good ii Hall. (54 a). Varying from a light grevish-brown to a violettish brown, also with a reddish
hue. Marginal area narrow lighter. The interior line is indistinct, notched as in aretes. A small eyespot is
dark brown with a light greyish-brown ring. Hindwing similar to the forewing its costal margin light pink.
Eyespot very large, colours as in aretes. Exterior line faded brown, straight, only behind the eyespot distinct,
outside the eyespot is surrounded just as brown. Beneath on the forewing the inner margin is reddish, the
eyespot more distinct, the apical line thick, brown. 100 mm. Ogowe.

L. thoirei Boar. Forewing also tapering, but the costal margin before the apex more curved than
in niepelti. Ground-colour reddish-yellow, exterior line earth-coloured, at the costal margin somewhat excurved
corresponding to the distal margin and somewhat farther from the latter than in niepelti, outside faded pinkish-
white, similar to goodii. The eyespot is a triangular small hyaline spot. From there to the base the ground¬
colour turns somewhat lighter by pink scales. The interior line is indicated by a brownish angle in the cell.
Hindwing at the costal margin as far as the large eyespot pink. The latter has grey, black, white rings. The
exterior brown line is only indicated at the edge of the eyespot and a little in front. A 80 mm. Congo.

L. ervthrotes Karsch has the same relation to goodii as phaedusa has to christyi, i. e. the fore wing
in erythrotes above and beneath lacks the eyespot. Ground-colour varying from a lighter or darker greyish-
brown to reddish-brown Hindwing at the costal margin and partly around the large eyespot red-brown, only
in one of the many specimens at hand pink as in goodii. The hyaline spot of the forewing is only strigiform
in the rf, but in the $ large, inside straightly cut off. 125 — 150 mm. Cameroon.

L. mitfordi Ky. Blackish -brown. Forewing in the cell and behind it at the costal-margin dusted
with reddish, also the hindwing at the distal margin. Forewing at the apex very pointedly produced, much
more than in the other species, but it shows a hyaline spot of the size of the $2. Apical line grey, moderately
distinct. From the interior angle almost to the hyaline spot a large spot of white scales, so that the wing looks
there as though it were damaged. Hindwing with a large eyespot with greenish-brown, black, red rings. The
exterior grey line is more distinct. $ 110 mm. Sierra Leone.

L. iamesoni Drc. (rubricostalis Ky.) (54 b). The apex of the forewing is as feebly produced as in
the other species, dark brown. Interior line qriite straight, obliquely distad, dark. Exterior line formed of
white scales. The space in front of it at the costal margin as far as the cell is dusted with white. On the
hindwing the eyespot is less large, with greenish-brown, black, dingy whitish -yellow rings. Exterior line bluish
white, more distinct. The costal margin above the cell dark pink. 100 — 115 mm. Sierra Leone, Congo.

L. aethiops Rothsrh. is presumably only a form of jamesoni. The hyaline spot of the forewing is somewhat
larger, with a yellowish-brown margin. The grey exterior line is indistinct, fine. On the hindwing it is quite absent.
No other difference in the colour. Beneath lighter with traces of a median band. 1 Cameroon.

alinda-group.

.Antennae of $ with short pectinations. In the forewing there is always only a hyaline spot without
any eyespot-marking. No apical line, but more or less faded transverse lines, at the margin fadedly darker
or lighter. Hindwing the same. The eyespot is rather small with a greenish-brown and outside distinctly edged
black ring. Beneath the hyaline spots are often surrounded with brown spots. All the species have a white
collar.

L. alinda Drury (53 c) is very large, reddish-brown. The lines are dark greyish-brown. The interior
lines are notched, vertical to the inner margin, the part situate in the cell is removed far outward. The median
line behind the hyaline spot which is triangular in the <$, semicircular in the parallel to the exterior line,
both being uniformly notched. Margin narrow light brownish-violet. Hindwing without lines. In the 2 the lines
of the forewing are not recognisable. Beneath on the forewing a brown apical spot, around the hyaline spots a
little brown, both wings with a median and exterior line. 140 — 100 mm. Sierra Leone, Cameroon. illustris
Weym., described as a form of heyeri Weym., shows as a much hotter red-brown colour, the light margin of
the fore wing is less prominent, on the hindwing almost absent: iUnsiris -$ hardly differs from alinda- Q. Beneath
in the the forewing is slightly reddened. On both wings the lines are very distinct. Cameroon.

L. niorlandi Rothsrh. As large as alinda. Wings reddish-yellow. The distal margin in the q white, in
the $ brownish. Median line of forewing in the close behind the hyaline spot, and an exterior line in the $ nearer

Pubh 30. IX. 1927. LOBOBUNAEA. By M. Gaede. 320

to the margin than to the cell, formed of lunae. On the hindwing only in the $ the median and exterior lines
are present in the anal-marginal half. Beneath on the forewing the exterior line is farther from the hyaline
spot than in alinda. The median lunular line joins the spots around the hyaline spot. Pemha 1., East Africa.

L. sjoestedti Aur. Reddish-yellow. The 3 lines on the forewing are notched, almost parallel, the sjoeslcdti.
median line touches the hyaline spot outside, or in the $ traverses it yet, similar to a large epityrhena. Distal
margin somewhat grey. Hindwing with a large, almost quite black hyaline spot, the median and exterior lines
from the centre of the wing to the anal margin distinct. In the $ the distal margin of both wings is brownish.

Beneath the inner margin of the fore wing is hardly reddened. The lines and spots of both wings are intense.

150 — 180 mm. Cameroon. According to Bouvier, cremeri Obth. is the same species. According to Oberthur’s
figure we might expect alinda.

L. tyrrhena Westw. (54 c) is the most intensely marked form. Forewing violettish-brown with an tyrrhena.
angular interior line and luniform median and exterior lines. Before the interior line and behind the exterior
line brick-red, the median line often indistinct. Hindwing brick-red with a distinct arcuate exterior line, almost
continuous, the interior line very slanting, the median line almost absent. Distal margin in both wings lighter,
greyer. Some specimens also exhibit a more ochreous ground-colour, only at the costal margin of the hindwing
they are yet reddened. Beneath the two exterior lines are intense, the very dark median spots are large, the
apical spot of the forewing somewhat less dark. 110 — 140 mm. West and South Africa.

L. Cleopatra Aur. (catochra Karsch ) (54 c). <$ on the forewing deep red-brown. Costal margin and cleopatrn.
interior line little lighter, the others absent, margin not lighter, the hyaline spot large. On the hindwing the
base, distal margin, and close at it the exterior line coloured as on the forewing, median area lighter yellowish-
red. Eyespot large. $ reddish-yellow, at the costal margin lighter, similar to tyrrhena with a somewhat
larger hyaline spot on the forewing. Beneath the deep dark eyespots are almost entirely absent, the two exterior
lines are very thick, behind the second, particularly on the forewing, large oval dark spots. The apical spot
on the forewing is dark red-brown. 100 — 120 mm. Cameroon.

L. callista Jord. Orange brownish. Apex of the forewing rounded. Costal margin ochreous-yellow. callista.
Margin 14 to 18 mm broad dark violettish-brown, defined by an arcuate line. Midway as far as the cell a
similar dark arcuate line, both nearing each other at the inner margin. On the hindwing the distal margin
is the same, towards the anal angle broader dark. Costal margin less curved and therefore the apex more pointed.

Beneath ochreous-reddish, the distal margin also broad dark nut-brown. The median lines touch the cellular
spots. $ 130 mm. Angola.

L. heyeri Weym. Ground-colour yellowish-red. On the forewing only the rather straight median heyeri.
line is recognisable, rather uniformly ferbly undulated, y3 distant from the cell in the direction of the distal
margin. Hindwing orange-red, without lines. Margin in both wings narrow greyish- violet. Beneath pinkish-
grey. The discal spots feebly brown. The median line is distinct, on the forewing there are yet traces of an
exterior line. Inner margin as far as the cell pink. $ 110 mm. East Africa.

L. cyrene Weym. Similar to heyeri. Forewing reddish-grey, at the distal margin gradually getting cyrene.
lighter. Inner margin at the base reddish-yellow. Hindwing as far as beyond the centre orange-yellow, with
a large eyespot. Distal margin 12 mm broad (thus much broader than in heyeri) reddish-grey, at the anal
margin towards the base tapering. Fringes whitish. The brown basal spots on the hindwing beneath are
absent, but on the forewing more intense brown discal spots. $ 108 mm. Type in a private collection,
therefore presumably lost. 105 mm. East Africa.

L. epithyrena M. 6c W. (irius F. ?). Varying from light violettish-brown to reddish-brown, with epithyrena.
a slight pink hue on the fore wing. Hyaline spot rather large. Hindwing orange-red. Margin in both wings
violettish-pink, on the forewing narrow, on the hindwing broader, in the £ more brownish. Above rarel}" on
the forewing a median line close behind the hyaline spot. Beneath the forewing shows an orange-red hue above
the inner margin. At the hyaline spots feeble brown spots. The median lines, of both wings touch the hyaline
spot outside. These lines as well as the exterior lines and an apical spot on the forewing only feeble. 110 — 135 mm.

South, Central, and East Africa. — melinde M . 6- W., based upon a very much damaged specimen from Zanzibar,
is probably identical with epithyrena. — redlichi Weym. differs in the absence of all the dark brown spots on redlichi.
the hindwing beneath; only on the forewing there are 2 dark brown discal spots, whereby it is distinguished
from inornata. The median and exterior lines, however, are feebly present on both wings. It has probably
been an aberrative specimen of epithyrena. $ 120 mm. Angola. — inornata South, also differs only beneath, inornata.
On the forewing there are only traces of the exterior line, at the hyaline spot no brown spots. On the hindwing,
however, the hyaline spot is surrounded by 3 brown spots of different sizes, and both the lines are absent. $

140 mm. Zanzibar. — patlens South. (55 a). Apex of forewing somewhat roundish. On the hindwing above pattens.
the violettish-pink hue is also at the anal margin. Beneath the hyaline spot of the fore wing is surrounded by
2 pale brown spots, only the exterior line is present, also on the hindwing, where the hyaline spot is not margined.

S 120 mm. Tanganyika. meloni Obth. (55 a) differs somewhat more and might therefore be a distinct species, metoni.
Most of the specimens are more or less liued with pink. Above on the fore wing an interior line is recognisable
of a shape similar to that in alinda. A median line touching the hyaline spot outside is rarely visible, the feeble
extei’ior line is a little nearer to the hyaline spot than to the distal margin. The enclosed discal area is

XIV 42

330

CINABRA; MELANOCERA. By M. Gaede.

sometimes a little darker. Hindwing around the eyespot brick-red, the exterior line sometimes recognisable.
The margin in both wings somewhat violettish-grey. Under surface likewise somewhat pink, the exterior line
citrinarius. of both wings feebly traceable. 100 — 125 mm. Senegal. — citrinarius /. nov. (55 b). Light orange. Apex of
forewing as rounded as in natalensis. The white collar in the type is presumably only reduced by its having
been damaged. The undulating median line close behind the hyaline spot, and the exterior line on the forewing
above and beneath distinct, dark brown. Hindwing with the usual eyespot. Above only the exterior line is
distinct, beneath both. A 105 mm. Harrar. Type in the Berlin Museum.
paratyrrhe- L. paratyrrhena Bouv. Wings at the base bright red, distally greyer. The 3 lines on the forewing

na • irregular, slightly undulating, not so very much notched as in the similar epithyrena. The hindwing is without
the interior line, the second line is traceable behind the eyespot, the distal line distinct, but only undulating,
not notched as in tyrrhena. Beneath the brown eyespots are very small. A 135 mm. Congo.
natalensis. L. natalensis Aur. (= patruelis Dist.) (54 c). The typical specimens, A °f both the authors, exihibit

the distal margin of the hindwing somewhat straight, the apex of the forewing very much produced. Ground¬
colour of forewing reddish-brown, of hindwing brick-red, distal margin in both wings very light grey. Beneath
separated from epithyrena by the dark apical spot and the mostly stronger lines, and therefore treated as a
distinct species. The median line touches the hyaline spot outside, the exterior line extends about midway
between the hyaline spot and the margin. Specimens from the Transvaal have a normally rounded distal margin
of the hindwing, with a darker ground-colour and marginal area. A A from Jola, having been denoted as nata¬
lensis by Dr. Arn. Schultze, is above dark yellow, at the margin somewTiat lighter, beneath only with traces
of the exterior line, thus rather like meloni. The larva belonging to it resembles Aglia tau, being green with
small silvery spots, above with fine black dots and very short black spines. Lateral line interrupted, narrow
brown.

6. Genus: 4'inabra Sonth.

It forms a transition to Lobobunaea. Antennae of $ with somewhat longer pectinations. Fore wing not
with a produced apex in the A, bi the $ slightly roundish. Hyaline spot of forewing just as diminutive, above
without any ring, beneath black. Veins 5 and 6 nearer together than in Lobobunaea, also vein 10 nearer to 7 -j- 8,
veins 9 and 1 1 absent.

Type : hyperbius Westw.

bracteata. C. bracteata Dist. Forewing golden yellow. The two lines are thick, faded, greyish-brown. The interior

line incomplete, the exterior line somewhat incurved at the costal and inner margins. Hindwing orange-yellow',
eyespot loam-coloured, with a black ring. Exterior line and margin greyish-brown. In the $ the forevdng is
ochreous. 110 mm. Transvaal. It is presumably only a form of the following species.
hyperbius. C. hyperbius Westw. (55 a). Forewing red-brown. The two greyish-brown lines are very faded, the

exterior line at the costal margin more incurved. Hindwing orange-red, eyespot as in bracteata, exterior line
distinct, darker than on the forewing. Inner margin light reddish-brown. Distal margin of both wings faded
greyish-brown with a red-brown marginal line. The lines on the forewing may also be quite absent. 90 — 100 mm.
Transvaal. East Africa. In Rhodesia and West Africa the species has glaring yellow hindwings. Strange to
say, not yet denominated !

pygmaea. C. pygmaea M. & W. (55 b). Collar white. Forewing reddish-brown, with a very round apex.

Exterior line parallel to the distal margin. Hindwing dark orange-yellow. Base, anal margin and distal margin
pink. Eyespot as in the other species. Without an exterior line and thereby similar to the sjDecies of Lobobunaea.
pygela. Still more similar is — pygela Drc. in which this line is also absent on the forewing. Transvaal, East Africa.

7. Genus : MTelanoeera Sonth.

Veins 5 and 6 of forewing little separated, 7+10-1-8 stalked at equal distances, veins 9 and 11 absent.
Hyaline spots on both wings only semitransparent. Antennae of $ almost pectinated as in the A, but both only'
double not fourfold, whereby it is separated from the otherwise similar species of Nudaurelia. — Pupae without
cocoon in the ground.

Type : menippe Westw.

menippe. M. menippe Westw. (55 c). Glaring red-brown. Collar distinctly white. Inner and outer lines white,

separated afar. Eyespot rather large, with a black ring. Costal and distal margins as far as within the outer
habenichti. line brownish-green. Hindwing the same. 110 — 125 mm. Natal. — habenichti Wichgrf. is a glaring red female
fumosa. form with a golden yellow distal margin, probably only a casual aberration. - fumosa Rothsch. is smoky brown.
transiens. Central Africa. — transiens Wichgrf. $. A transition to sufferti. Contours of wings still as in menippe. Collar
already very much darkened. The hindwing lacks the interior band, the exterior band is excurved at the costal
margin. Ground-colour dull red as in sufferti.

sufferti. M. sufferti Weyrn. (55 c). Smaller than menippe. Dull red almost to the distal margin which is without

spots and in the centre excurved on the forewing. Eyespot of hindwing smaller. The white collar is entirely
parva. absent. 80 — 95 mm. East Africa. - parva Rothsch. The white transverse lines are absent on both wings above.
Angola.

ANTHERINA; IMBRASIA. By M. Gaede.

331

M. nereis Rothseh. is also an intermediate form of menippe and sufferti. Collar fine white. Wings nereis.
above as in sufferti. Eyespots somewhat larger, on the hindwing the interior band is present. Beneath more
different from sufferti. On the forewing the exterior line is only about 1 mm distant from the eyespot, instead
of 5 mm. Hindwing pinkish-brown, with 2 cinnamon-brown bands which are outward faded. Both incurved
in the centre, the interior line running across the base of veins 2 and 7, the other across the cross-vein, the
latter more curved. Congo.

8. Genus: Autlierina South.

Veins 5 and 6 of forewing separated afar, 7 + 8 stalked, veins 9 and 1 1 absent, 10 separately from the
cell. Antennae of $ as in Melanocera with rather strong pectinations.

A. suraka Bsd. (55 c). Ground-colour varying from yellowish-brown to reddish-brown. Hyaline suraka.
spot mostly only strigiform. The two lines are white, broad. The interior line straight, slightly excurved. The
exterior line thickened at the costal margin, straight or slightly curved. At the apex whitish. Eyespot orange-
red, inside margined with bluish-white with a fine black ring. On the hindwing the two white bands are united
at the costal margin and are on both sides edged with pinkish-brown or pinkish-red. Eyespot larger than on
forewing with a broader black ring. 100 — 150 mm. Madagascar.

9. Genus: Imbrasia Hbn.

Forewing of $ mostly with a pointed apex, in the with a broadly produced point from the apex to
vein 6, though not so in ertli. Hindwing of S between veins 3 and 4 extended into a differently long point, in
the $ feebly angular in the typical species. The form ertli is a transitional form to the forms of the efr+s-group,
which are on the hindwing of the but feebly angular, of the $ only somewhat undulating. Antennae of $
but very finely ciliated. Hyaline spot of forewing inside straight, outward convex, in most of the species not
large, without coloured rings. Veins 7 + 8 forked, 9 branches off very late from 8, 10 rises separately, near
vein 7. Pupa in the ground.

Type : epimethea Dry.

I. epimethea Dry. (= obscura Btlr., hebe M. <b W ., dorcas WJcr., crameri Ky., mopsa Wkr., pallescens epimethea.
Strd.) (55 b, 56 b). As the list of name shows, most variable, particularly the <+ Ground-colour light ochreous,
ochreous-brown, olive-brown, red-brown, pinkish-brown; $ mostly lighter or darker red-brown. Interior line of
forewing broad, faded, notched, pink. Exterior line almost parallel to the distal margin, straight, white, outside
edged with dark, often at a short distance behind it another broad light line or spots which are large and
triangular in the + Hindwing with a broad interior white line, the exterior line as on the fore wing, slightly
excurved in the centre. Eyespot with yellow, black, red, white rings. Median area from the costal margin to
behind the eyespot dark grey. 80 — 120 mm. Togo, Cameroon. — longicaudata Holl. is a red form in the hindwing longicauda-
of which the light exterior line is outside edged with dark, the tail being comparatively still longer than in ta-

deyrollei. 120 mm. Ogowe. — - ertli Rbl. (56 b). Ground-colour of $ varying from yellowish-brown to pinkish- ertli.
brown, in the $ red-brown. The bands are often pinkish-white. Hindwing at the base and in front in the
median area often suffused with pink. ^ mostly with pinkish-white submarginal spots. In the the hindwing
is but very slightly angular, in the $ rounded. 90 — 105 mm. East Africa, Delagoa Bay, Transvaal. — truncata truncata.
Bouv. $ with an obliquely cut-off apex of the foi'ewing. Eyespot of hindwing small, the red ring here greyish-
black. Ogowe. — - convexa Bouv. is a form of ertli with a round apex of the forewing, hindwing with hardly convexa.
any angle. Dahomey. — The deep black larva above marbled with numerous bright yellow spots. Head,
neckshield, anal plate brownish-yellow. The sharp, coniform spines are above yellow, the lower ones black,
all at the base with long white hairs. The two dorsal spines on the 11th segment are not united.

I. deyrollei Thoms. (= congolensis Obth.) (56 a). Ground-colour of S forewing varying between deyrollei.
yellowish-brown and darker reddish-brown. Interior line faded, dark, almost straight, in front outside white,
indistinctly defined, the costal margin often also lighter. Behind the mostly small hyaline spot a broad faded
band. Exterior line straight, dark, fine, inside margined with white, particularly at the costal margin. Hindwing
in the median area and behind it blackish. Eyespot with black, red, white rings. Exterior line broad white,
often pink. Tail rather long. In the $ the interior half of the forewing is lighter brown, extending
vertically so to the inner margin. Interior line and its white edge more distinct. Hyaline spot in the darker
area elongate. Exterior line white, at 2 mm distance the distal area follows inside distinctly white, outside
faded. Hindwing as in + but likewise with a light band in the distal area, only at a greater distance from
the exterior line. The angle at the distal margin rectangular. Beneath the hyaline spots are thickly margined
with brown, particularly in the + 130 — 180 mm. Togo, Cameroon, Congo, Nyassa District. — gerresheimi gerresheimi.
Strd. differs in the from the type only in the dark median band being extended to the exterior line. The distal
area is also somewhat lighter, as otherwise in the + The $ has a continuous white border of the interior line.

The centre of the hyaline spot is situate on the exterior line and penetrates it. 135 mm. Togo. The denomination
of an intermediate form intermedia Strd. may only be stated here.

332

GIRINA; TJROTA. By M. Gaede.

truncata

senegalen

sis.

maeroth y-
ris.

eblis.

buchholzi.

for da.

orientalis.

butyrosper-

mi.

sinope.

I. truncata Aur. Smaller than deyrollei. Apex of forewing obliquely cut off. Hindwing of with
along tail, of $ obtusely angular. Fore wing light greyish-brown, with a light antemedian band, at the costal
margin broader, behind indistinct. Hyaline spot only 3 mm large. Close behind the cell a dark band, curved
towards the base, at the costal margin much broader and 6 mm farther to the margin an anteriorly broader
brown line, inside bordered by a white line, outside by a whitish-grey shadow. Apex as far as vein 6 grey, below
it brown. Hindwing similar to deyrollei. In the 2 with a light band before the distal margin. Beneath the
eyespot is altogether absent. $ 148 mm. Congo.

I. senegalensis Oliv. This species which is not to be found in any collection does not make the impression
of a Btinaea- form according to Oberthur’s photo of the original figure. The costal margin of the forewing
is grey at the base with traces of the inner line which is inwardly broadly washed out. Then follows a light
median area, inside distinctly edged with white, then turning greyer almost to the very long hyaline spot which
extends to the exterior line, being the darkest before the latter. Marginal area somewhat separated from the
exterior line, inside distinctly margined, white, turning grey outside. Hindwing blackish, at the base lighter.
The large eyespot is with black, rusty red, white rings. Exterior line fine, white, curved, margin outside lighter.
9 160 mm. It may, according to the size and patria, be an aberrative specimen of Irnbr. deyrollei, in which
the angles of the hindwing are not developed. It may also be that the native collector rounded off the hindwing
with the scissors.

I. macrothyris Rothsch. (= regalis Rbl., heroum Obth.). On the forewing the dark basal area shows
rusty brown scales, being dentately defined with an angle below the cell. Behind it white, outwardly more
intensely dusted with red-brown. The hyaline spot is large as in deyrollei with fine black and cerise rings,
on the basal side a white halo. The faded dark brown median band is interrupted by the apex of the hyaline
spot. Exterior line straight, dark brown, before it at the costal margin whitish, behind it loam-coloured. Hindwing
of only obtusely angular, blackish-grey. Interior line broad, white, exterior line narrowly white and grey,
distal margin as on the forewing. The black eyespot shows red and white rings. In the 9 the ground-colour
is brown. On the forewing the red ring of the eyespot is more intense, the white ring is closed, the median band
more distinct. 150 — 160 mm. East Africa, Angola, Transvaal.

1. eblis Streck. (56 a). Dark reddish-brown. The hyaline area of the forewing is less large than in
the preceding species, without margins. Interior line often absent, white, notched. The exterior line is also
fine white, at the costal margin widening a little inwards, on the veins with short streaks. On the hindwing
the two white lines are distinct. The eyespot is often gigantic, in which case it touches the exterior line, with
a triangular hyaline spot with brown, black, reddish-white rings. In the the hinclwing is still more feebly
angular than in macrothyris. 140 — 180 mm. Cameroon. — buchholzi Maass. is much lighter brown. Gold
Coast.

10. Genus: Cirina Wkr.

Anterior tibiae very short, apically with a long spine. Apex of $ slightly produced to vein 5. Hindwing
of <$ with an angle below vein 4, in the 9 with a uniformly round distal margin. In the forewing veins 5 and 6
from the same place, 7 + 8 stalked, 10 free from the cell.

C. forda Westw. (= cana Fldr., semicaeca Wkr., invenusta Wllgr.) (55 d). Ground-colour reddish-
brown, also yellowish-brown, at the bases of both wings mostly pink. On the forewing mostly only an exterior
dark line, parallel to the distal margin. On the hindwing always also a dark grey spot as an eyespot, the
exterior line sometimes edged with light. Ground-colour of 9 mostly more intensely reddish. 75 — 95 mm.
West, East, and South Africa. — orientalis Bouv. is quite pink, not only at the bases of the wings. The
distal margin of the forewing is almost not inserted. On the hindwing the eyespot is smaller, the exterior line
is only traceable. Congo. — butyrospermi Vuillot. Colouring in $ and 9 typical, but the marking is almost
completely absent, particularly the conspicuous eyespot of the hindwing. Senegal. Saturnia cervina Westw.
may be the same species, and Cirina similis Dist., according to the original figure, is only a large, dark forda.

11. Genus: Urota Westw.

In the shape similar to Cirina. Anterior tibiae without spines. Hindwing also in the 9 somewhat
angular. Antennae of <$ only bipectinate, in the 9 slightly shorter.

U. sinope Westw. (55 d). Reddish-brown. Forewing with a double yellowish-white interior and exterior
line, nearing each other at the inner margin. Hindwing with a broad single exterior line, often from the base
to the exterior line pink. At the cross-vein of both wings a white spot which is often absent posteriorly. On
the centre of the distal area on both wings sometimes light spots. 70 — 90 mm. Natal, East Africa.

GYNANISA; ATHLETES; PSEUD ANTHERAEA. By M. Gaede.

333

12. Genus: Gyiianisa Westw.

Middle tibiae short, apicallv with 2 strong spines. Antennae of d very long, with fourfold long pectinations,
in the $ finely dentate. Apex of d forewing little or not produced. Veins 5 and 6 rise close together, 7 + 8
forked, vein 10 separate.

Type: maja King.

G. maja King (= campionea Sign., isis Wh\, tata Wllgr.) (56 b). Ground-colour wood-coloured.
Before the interior line and at the costal margin dusted with white. The 3 lines distinct, black. The interior
line with 2 bows, the anterior bow notched, outside edged with white. Eyespot in the interior semicircle black,
in the exterior semicircle hyaline. Close behind it the undulating median line and parallel with it the exterior
line, below vein 2 vertical to the inner margin, behind it narrowly lighter, then towards the margin darker
with a light median line, often also narrowly lighter as far as that line. Hindwing claret-coloured as far as
the exterior line. Interior and exterior lines pinkish- white, the latter outside black. Eyespot with a small hyaline
spot with black, yellowish-brown, black, yellowish-brown, pinkish-white rings. Marginal area inside light
yellowish-brown, outside darker. 100 — 140 mm. South-West Africa, Natal. — ata Strd. is more uniformly
greyish-brown. The interior line anteriorly not notched, the median line touches the hyaline spot and is strongest ;
this line and the exterior line at the inner margin bent outward. — jama Rbl. The median line runs through
the eyespot. From this line to the exterior line the wing is darkest, then again the distal margin narrowly dark.
The median and exterior lines obliquely inwards meet the inner margin. Both the forms are presumably only
casual aberrations, since other specimens from the same habitat (Central and East Africa) are typical maja.
From the Transvaal 2 dd are before me, both of which are quite light yellowish-brown, the narrow margin
being distinct dark. — westwoodi Rothsch. (= albescens Sonth.). The hyaline spot of the hindwing is larger,
rhombical. Median line thick, straight, farther inwards, so that it touches the hyaline spot. The outer line
is also situate farther inwards, so that the light marginal area behind gets broader. West Africa. — nigra Bouv.
The median line extends straight inwards of the triangular hyaline spot, on the hindwing at the inner edge
of the eyespot. Distal margin of forewing rather uniformly blackish, inside hardly lighter. Rhodesia.

13. Genus: Athletes Karsch.

In the scheme of markings similar to the preceding genus. Apex of d forewing more produced. Veins
5 + 6 stalked, vein 10 more remote from the stalk of 7 + 8. Antennae of d short, and with shorter pectinations.
Hindwing of d with a short broad tail.

Type: ethra Westw.

A. ethra Westw. (56 c). Dark wood-coloured, at the costal margin lighter. Interior line oblique,
forming 2 long steps, inside black, outside brown. Hyaline spot triangular, inside edged with black. Median
line black, notched, oblique, meeting the inner margin close at the inner line. Exterior line parallel to it, thin,
inside edged with a lighter brown. The dark marginal area with a light median stripe. Hindwing just as dark,
at the costal margin pink. Interior line short, this line and the exterior line broad, light brown. Eyespot with
black, bronze-yellow, black, brown, light brown rings. Distal margin narrow, deep dark browm. d 160 mm.
Central Africa.

A. semialba Sonth. Forewing as far as the median line white, densely dusted with black. Interior
line near the base, notched, almost vertical to the inner margin. Median line undulating. Hyaline spot triangular,
black, inside often yet margined with red. Distal area as in albescens. On the hindwing the exterior line extends
more obliquely to the costal margin. The black eyespot shows olive brown, black, red, white rings. Beneath as
albescens. In a few 9? of this species and of ethra veins 5 and 6 of the forewing are sometimes not stalked,
so that then only the short antennae form the generic difference. 140 — 170 mm. East Africa, Nyassa District.

A. steindachneri Rbl. (56 c). Similar to semialba. Apex of d more produced, though less than in ethra.
Also the base of the forewing is almost entirely white, being deep brown in semialba from the inner margin
to the centre. Median and exterior lines as in semialba. On the hindwing the exterior line extends as straightly
to the costal margin as in albescens, but the eyespot corresponds to semialba, o 170 mm. East Africa. — gigas
Sonth. is an intermediate form between semialba and steindachneri. Chiefly separated by the exterior broad
olive-brown ring on the hindwing being copper-red here.

14. Genus: Pseudaiitheraea Weym.

Antennae of $ with half as long pectinations as in the <$, bipectinate. Anterior and middle tibiae
without spines. Apex of d forewing pointed. Veins 7 + 8 long-stalked, 10 from the cell. 9 and 11 absent. Pupae
spun between leaves.

Type: arnobia Westw.

maja.

ata.

jama.

westwoodi.

nigra.

ethra.

semialba.

steindach¬

neri.

gigas.

334

TAGOROPSIS. By M. Gaede.

arnobia.

madagas-

cariensis.

subocellafa.

fumosa.

cambouei.

vulpina.

dura.

leporina.

cincta.

lambertoni.

Ilavinata.

P. arnobia Westiv. (= cliscrepans Btlr., daphne Weym., arenosa Maass.) (57 a). sulphureous, more
or less dusted with brown. $ reddish-brown, slightly dusted with yellow. On the forewing a dark notched
interior line, and a straighter median line vertical to the inner margin. The hyaline spot in the £ small, in
the $ larger, edged with dark, close behind the median line. Exterior line more distinct, from near the apex
to % of the inner margin, behind it dark lunae and at the margin more densely powdered. Hindwing with
an indistinct basal line, a distinct straight median line, and a fine notched exterior line, behind it dark
spots. Eyespot as on forewing. Marking of $ mostly very indistinct. 110 — 130 mm. Gold Coast, Cameroon,
Spanish Guinea, Ogowe.

P. madagascariensis Soyith. $ forewing at the base yellow almost as far as the broader interior line,
then chocolate brown to the exterior line, and towards the costal margin more yellow. The hazy brown median
line extends through the hyaline spot. The exterior yellow line of luniform spots towards the inner margin
almost to the centre incurved. Distal margin brown, the yellow lunae in it reversely placed compared to the
exterior line. $ in the median area browner. Eyespot of hindwing only a black streak, behind it the two rows
of lunae as on forewing. 100 mm. Madagascar.

P. subocellata Btlr. Forewing without an interior and median line. Ground-colour reddish-yellow, at
the base and distal margin more yellow. Hyaline spot small, margined with black and pink. The red-brown
exterior line somewhat undulating, placed as in madagascariensis l The brown, inside pink-edgecl spots also
corresponding. Hindwing of the same colour. Median line red-brown, curved, the eyespot behind it absent
in the type. Exterior line and the marginal spots similar to arnobia. — fumosa South. Ground-colour browner,
similar to the $ of arnobia. Interior line of forewing as in the latter. The somewhat undulating median line
is incurved at the costal margin and touches the hyaline spot on its inner side. Exterior line outside edged
with yellow. On the hindwing the somewhat undulating median line extends close within the small black-
margined hyaline spot, otherwise not different. It may be that fumosa, is the normal $ of subocellata-^ . 100 mm.
Madagascar.

P. cambouei Obth. Very similar to fumosa. Colouring most variable, particularly in the marginal
area. Ground-colour mostly reddish-brown. The interior line of the forewing is notched, inside faded yellow,
outside brown. Median line, if present at all, touching the large hyaline spot which is margined with black and
pink. Behind the exterior line being placed as in arnobia , ochreous in a variable width, the pinkish-brown spots
sometimes broadly faded. On the hindwing without an eyespot. Median line curved, broad, brown. Behind
the notched exterior line as variable as on the forewing. 85 — 90 mm. Madagascar.

P. vulpina Btlr. Reddish-yellow. Interior line rusty brown, broad, in the centre introangular. Median
line straight, vertical, cutting the large hyaline spot which is margined with dark and pink. Exterior line feebly
S-shaped, meeting the median line at the inner margin, behind it the usual pink spots. Hindwing with a median
and exterior line as in cambouei, marginal spots as in the forewing. Eyespot absent. $ 80 — 100 mm. Madagascar.
In the only specimen of the Berlin Museum vein 10 of the forewing rises shortly before the partition of 7 + 8,
thus forming a transition between Pseudantheraea and Tagoropsis.

P. dura Kef erst, may have been the same species and would then have the priority, but it is impossible
to decide it from the figure and description of the damaged type.

P. leporina Obth. Ground-colour dark orange, on the hindwing in the anterior half lighter. Similar
to vulpina. The interior line is more notched, similar to cambouei. The median line is S-shaped, at the costal
margin slightly incurved, extending close behind the finely black-margined hyaline spot, the exterior line slightly
excurved at the interior margin, so that it ends more remote from the median line. Marginal spots small. This
whole marking is fine, rather distinct, blackish. Hindwing without a hyaline spot. The curved median line
begins farther outside, at about 3/5 of the costal margin. Exterior line notched, spots as on forewing. $ 120 mm.
Madagascar.

P. cincta Mob. may be = vulpina Btlr., described from Madagascar.

P. lambertoni Bouv. Similar to cincta, but larger (75 instead of 55 mm). Interior line absent in both
wings, median line of fore wing 5 — 6 mm distant from the small eyespot and quite straight, exterior line not
very oblique, rather slanting. Behind it at the inner angle a large black spot. On the hindwing above the eyespot
is absent, the undulating exterior line and the marginal spots are feebly developed. Madagascar.

15. Genus: Tagoropsis Fldr.

Separated from the preceding genus by the neuration. On the forewing veins 7+10 + 8 stalked,
9 and 11 absent. Veins 5 and 6 near together. All the species are yellow. Hindwing without an eyespot.

Type: flavinata Wkr.]

T. flavinata Wkr. (natalensis Fldr.) (57 a). Sulphureous or orange-yellow with brown lines. Interior
line somewhat thicker, incurved below the cell. Eyespot dusted with grey, margined with brown, behind it
the notched median line, incurved at the costal margin. Exterior line straight, notched in the opposite direction.

PSELAPHELIA; CERANCHIA. By M. Gaede.

335

Behind it in the blackish spots, in the $ larger crescentiform ones. Margin dusted with dark. Hindwing
with a rather indistinct notched median and exterior line, marginal spots larger. 70 — 85 mm. South Africa.

T. sabulosa Bothsch. Similar to a flavinata dusted with red-brown. Eyespot with a hyaline spot sabulosa.
margined with brown. Interior and median lines as in flavinata, but the exterior line slightly excurved at the
costal margin. Behind this line more densely dusted, but without submarginal spots. On the hindwing the
exterior line is likewise excurved at the margin. 85 mm. East Africa.

T. lupina Bothsch. Ochreous brownish-reddish. Forewing with 3 brownish-red lines. Interior line lupina.
as in flavinata. Median line straight through the eyespot, on its inside slightly dentate. The exterior line also
straight, meeting the median line at the inner margin. The eyespot is a round hyaline spot margined with red-
brown. On the hindwing a curved broad median line and traces of an undulating exterior line. $ 100 mm.

Congo. Perhaps a local form of Pseud, vulpina.

T. hanningtoni Btlr. Sulphureous. Interior line of forewing absent. Eyespot and median line as in hanning-
flavinata. Exterior line as in lupina. On the hindwing only a median line is indicated at the anal margin. lom

cJ 88 mm. Central Africa.

T. songeana Strd. is perhaps identical with hanningtoni. In the A on the forewing only at the costal sangeana.
margin traces of the interior line, in the $ one of a normal intensity. Median line slightly excurved around
the eyespot which consists of a hyaline spot and a dark brown ring inside dusted with grey. Exterior line
hardly undulated, in the at the costal margin quite indistinct, in the $ slightly incurved. Distal area in the
$ with spots as in flavinata. Hindwing of A without markings, light yellow, in the $ with 2 lines and a row
of spots. — juncta Strd. (57 a) is a $ in which the median line touches the eyespot. 75 — 85 mm. East Africa, juncta.
Tanganyika.

? T. flavivitta Wkr. Yellowish-white with a somewhat violet reflection, slightly dusted with reddish, flavivitta.
The marking consists of 3 brown zigzag lines and a faded median band. Eyespot with orange and black. Fore wing
with a produced apex and a straight brown exterior line between the second and third zigzag line. Natal.

Omitted by Distant in his work on Transvaal Insects, owing to the uncertainty of the position of this species.

16. Genus: I*selapliel!a Auriv.

Imagines very similar to the genus Tagoropsis. Antennae of d and $ with fine and long pectinations.

Palpi very long, upturned over the frons. Apex of forewing slightly taperingly produced. Veins 5 and 6 separated
afar, 7 + 8 stalked, veins 9, 10 and 11 absent, 8 directly after the separation from 7 very much bent to the
costal margin.

Type: gemmifera Btlr.

P. gemmifera Btlr. (57 b). Ground-colour ochreous, at the costal margin of the forewing as far as gemmifera.

the centre dusted with brown and white. Interior line brown, introangular on the median vein. Eyespot of

a very variable size. The round hyaline spot has orange-yellow, black, pinkish-white rings. Median line notched,
at the costal margin strongly incurved. Exterior line straight from the apex to beyond the centre of the inner
margin, before it at the apex whitish-grey. In the marginal area often yet a row of intense spots. From the
base to the centre of the exterior line a broad brown band extends. On the hindwing the apical line is
continued to the centre of the anal margin, sometimes forming a bow around the eyespot, since the eyespot
varies as much as on the forewing. Behind it a notched line with the points outside and eventually a row of
spots or dents before the distal margin. Some specimens are also intensely dusted with umber-brown. 70 — 80 mm.

Sierra Leone to East Africa.

P. dentifera M. W. (57 a) is just as variable. Distinguished by the absence of the thick radial dentifera.

stripe. — • conspersa Aur. is only a small distinctly marked specimen of it. 60 — 75 mm. East Africa, Delagoa conspersa.

Bay. An umber-brown $ shows traces of a radial band, so that dentifera can probably not be maintained as
a species.

17. Genus: Cerauchia Btlr.

Antennae of $ and $ fourfold pectinated, in the $ somewhat more feebly, otherwise the same. Hereby
distinguished from Heniocha. Veins 5 and 6 little or not separated, 7 + 8 stalked, 10 free.

Type: apollina Btlr.

C. apollina Btlr. (57 c). White. Wings somewhat diaphanous. Costal margin, distal margin, and apollina.
veins on forewing blackish-brown, with an indistinct interior band. Hindwing white, eyespot also white, distal
margin narrowly blackish-brown. 100 — 115 mm. Madagascar. Cocoon reticulate, with a silvery gloss.

C. reticolens Btlr. (= mucida Saalm.) (57 c). <+ Forewing densely dusted with dark, veins pure reticolens.
black. Eyespot orange-yellow with a black ring. Interior and exterior bands somewhat more parallel, the

336

USTA; PSEUD APHELIA. By M. Gaede.

cribrelli.

waUengrerii.

angulata.

apollinaris.

paleacea.

barotsina.

roseibrun-

nea.

ansorgei.

flavomargi-

nata.

simplex.

rebeli.

rnarginilu-

tea.

exterior band almost straight, the light space behind it ending taperingly. Hindwing also with black veins,
eyespot as on forewing. Exterior line, as far as it is visible, almost straight, distal margin dark. The eyespot
of the hindwing is absent beneath. 95 mm. Madagascar. The cocoon is double, reticulate, pale golden yellow.
— reticolens South, (non Btlr.) seems to be a form of Leucopteryx ansorgei Rothsch.

C. cribelli Btlr. (== mucida $ Saalm.) (57 c). $. Pale brown, almost white. The two bands on the
forewing slightly darker. The inner one hardly bent, the outer one incurved at the costal margin. Eyespot
pale yellow, margined with black, beneath more distinct. On the hindwing the exterior band is far from the
margin. Eyespot the same, but beneath absent. $ 120 mm. Madagascar. Cocoon of silvery white silk, more
dense, with holes as in Cricula trifenestrata. If the difference of the cocoon were not, one might combine at
least the latter two species (as Saalmuller has done) and besides regard them as forms of apollina.

18. Genus: Usta Wallgr.

Antennae with fine double pectinations in both sexes. Shape of wings and marking similar to Heniocha.
also the neuration.

Type: wallengreni Fldr.

U. wallengreni Fldr. (57 b). Body whitish ochreous, mesothorax brown. Interior line of forewing
introangular at the median vein, exterior line with strong points at the veins, the posterior dents somewhat
stronger. Between chocolate brown, only before the eyespot and in the submedian fold wdute, also at the base
at the inner margin. The dents of the exterior line are outside white, then dusted with brown as far as the
white marginal lunae. On the hindwing the exterior line is similar, before it a brown hue, behind it as on forewing.
Eyespot in both wings grey with a white crescent towards the base, with dark orange-yellow and black rings.
60 — 70 mm. South-West and South-Africa. According to Rothschild, terpsichorina Westw. is synonymous
with it. bipliga Rbl. is probably also hardly different. Felder’s figure is rather bad.

U. angulata Rothsch. Very similar. The notched exterior line on the forewing is not curved parallel
to the distal margin. The dents are at the inner margin about thrice as strong as at the costal margin. Eyespots
larger. 80 mm. East Africa. According to the figure in Nov. Zool. II, it seems to be an aberrative specimen
at most of the common Hen. terpsichore.

19. Genus: Pseutlapliellsi Ky.

Palpi thin, somewhat upturned. Antennae in both sexes with fine, long, double pectinations. In the
forewing vein 10 is also absent, 7 -f 8 stalked and 8 bent far towards the costal margin.

Type: apollinaris Bsd.

P. apollinaris Bsd. (= balanoal Guer.) (57 a) is a most variable species. Ground-colour mostly white,
hyaline. On the forewing 2 orange-yellow eyespots margined with a smoky brown. The exterior smoky brown
line is very luniform, its points fused with the marginal band in which there are large orange spots at the ends
of the veins, apex broad smoky brown. Hindwing corresponding to it, but only 1 eyespot. — paleacea H.-Sch.
has the same marking, but an orange-yellow ground-colour. — barotsina Rothsch. is a white form in which the
exterior line of the hindwing is absent. 55 — 75 mm. Nyassa District.

P. roseibrunnea sp. nov. (57 d). Apex of forewing more pointed in the 3 $$ before me. Pale yellow,
costal margin of fore wing and distal margin in both wings as far as the exterior line being situate as in apollinaris
pinkish-brown. The latter line distinct, dark. The small yellow eyespot on both wings with a fine hyaline
spot, margined with black and pinkish-brown. In the type the second eyespot of the forewing is smaller though
distinct. 55 — 65 mm. East Africa.

P. ansorgei Rothsch. Milky white. The two eyespots of the forewing are absent, but behind the base
of vein 5 there is a black spot. Apex above darker than in apollinaris . The yellow marginal spots are very
small, not margined with blackish-brown. On the hindwing the exterior line is nearer to the cell than to the
margin. East Africa.

P. flavomarginata Gaede. Ground-colour white. The eyespots of both wings indicated by a slight
yellow shine. Distal margin and fringes of both wings narrow yellowish, not spotted. Without a distal arcuate
line. 55 mm. East Africa. A less extreme specimen shows the scheme of markings almost similar to apollinaris.
The yellow eyespots are more distinct than in flavomarginata, the apex is broad pale yellow, but the distal margin
is in both wings the same as in flavomarginata, not broad and with yellow spots. The distal arcuate line of
both wings is slightly visible.

P. simplex Rbl. (57 d) differs from apollinaris in the opposite direction. Milky white v ith smoky
brown veins. Apex of forewing broad smoky brown, the distal margin below it narrower smoky brown, on the
veins the darkening extends somewhat proximad in the not so in the The distal arcuate line and the
yellow marginal spots are absent. — rebeli Gaede. The marginal darkening projects inwards also in the $ of
both wings, and there are small yellow spots at the margin of the hindwing. 60 — 65 mm. Cameroon, Congo.
A very much damaged, very large (80 mm) $ from the Congo also shows traces of the distal arcuate line. -
Broader dark is the distal margin, almost as far as the exterior line in apollinaris, in marginilutea Bouv.

Publ. 10. X. 1927.

PARUSTA; HENIOCHA. By M. Gaede

337

which also differs from rebeli in its larger yellow marginal spots. - marginilutea J . &. T. is a rebeli with a
distinctly defined dark broad distal margin and without yellow spots. - ochracea J . & T. shows the black
marking as in simplex , but an ochreous brown ground-colour. The 3 latter forms described from the Congo.
Probably simplex is only the western apollinaris. There are also transitions to the latter with a yellow ground¬
colour.

P. karemii Bouv. Ground-colour yellowish-white. Both wings with a small yellow eyespot. Apex
and distal margin pale and narrow brownish, similar to simplex. Yellow marginal dots in the $ feebly marked,
in the $ absent. Exterior line in both wings pale, hardly notched, much nearer to the cross-vein than to the
distal margin. 60 — 78 mm. Congo.

20. Genus: Parusta Rothsch.

Antennae of $ bipectinate. Tibiae without claws. In the fore wing veins 7+10 + 8 + 9 stalked.

Type: xanthops Rothsch.

P. xanthops Rothsch. (57 d). Body yellowish-brown. Wings dingy white. On the forewing a basal
spot. Interior line broadly bent, at the inner margin returning to the base. The median line is excurved in
the centre, where it is spot-like, encircling the eyespot, marginal line indistinct. These lines and part of the
veins are brown. Eyespot round, with yellow, blackish-brown rings. On the hindwing the median line and
marginal line are feeble, parallel to the distal margin. Eyespot smaller than on forewing. $ 48 mm. East Africa.

P. thelxinoe Fame. Marking similar to a small faded Usta wallengreni. Pale brown without the white
radial bands on the forewing, but with a somewhat lighter broad median band close within the eyespot. Hindwing
hardly lighter than forewing, also with a feeble median band. 60 mm. East Africa.

21. Genus: Heitioclia Hbn.

Antennae of <$ fourfold pectinated, in the $ alternately long and short. Veins 5 and 6 of forewing near
together, sometimes on a short stalk. 7 + 8 stalked, vein 10 free. The species look rather like the European
Saturnia- species.

Type: apollonia Cr.

H. apollonia Cr. Ground-colour white, with a mostly greyish-brown marking which in some places
is edged with greenish brown. Eyespot of forewing with a large hyaline spot, almost entirely dusted with grey,
with black, white, red-brown, olive brown rings. The median band surrounding it is broad at the costal margin,
strangulated at vein 2, before and behind the eyespot, as well as basad it contains spots of the ground-colour
in a variable intensity. The basal area is likewise brown with single white spots. Submarginal line distinct
dark brown, in front with red spots, inside edged with a greenish brown. Eyespot of hindwing only with black,
white, brown rings. An interior dark line is marked or broad, distinct. The exterior and submarginal lines
are distinct, notched, inside greenish-brown. Margin of both wings grey. — In flavida Btlr. all the white places
show a greenish-yellow hue. — apollina Maass. (= lindti Griinbg.). In the median band the white ground¬
colour is more extensive than in apollonia, and besides there are greenish scales at the veins. Hindwing of
apollina somewhat whiter than in flavida, in lindti all white, submarginal line intensely greenish. All the forms
presumably occur everywhere in the district. 70 — 90 mm. South West Africa, Transvaal, Natal.

H. mamois Rghfr. (58 a). Here the lightest form, corresponding to lindti, is described first. Ground¬
colour white, at the costal margin of the forewing greyish-brown. The olive-brown bands are narrow, 2 interior
ones and an exterior one which is outside edged with black, another band extends from it on vein 2 to the
innermost band. The black submarginal line shows inside yellow spots. The eyespot with a crescentiform
hyaline spot, otherwise inside grey, margined with black, white, dark red, olive brown. Hindwing with 2 olive
brown bands, submarginal band as on forewing. Eyespot absent or replaced by a black dot. Margin in both
wings grey. East and Central Africa. — dyops M. <£• IT. has broader bands on the forewing. The colour of
the antennae varies as in mamois between yellow and blackish-brown. Abdomen more or less yellow, not white.
Natal. — bioculata Aur. (58 a) is still darker, from above vein 2 to the inner margin filled with quite dark.
On the hindwing the interior band is more intense. Abdomen as in dyops, antennae always black. Windhook,
South West Africa. From the neighbouring Namaqualand, however, there is a specimen before me, entirely
matching the East African mamois. 70 — 90 mm.

H. terpsichore M. & W. (58 a). Body olive brown, wings white, forewing dusted with black. The
interior and exterior lines are mostly distinct, somewhat notched, from vein 2 almost to the costal margin between
both lines olive brown, at the distal margin of a paler olive brown. Eyespot inside as in the other species,
with dark yellow and black rings. Hindwing only at the margin feebly darker, eyespot smaller, otherwise the
same. — abyssinica Aur. On the forewing from the exterior line to the base suffused with olive brown. Behind
the latter narrow white, then again somewhat darker. On the hindwing an exterior line is distinctly dark as
on the forewing. Inside of it somewhat brownish, behind it as on forewing. 75 — 90 mm. Abyssinia, East Africa,
Delagoa Bay. The black larva shows alternately broad and narrow yellowish-red rings, with soft short tubercles.

XIV 43

marginilu¬

tea.

ochracea.

karemii.

xanthops.

thelxinoe.

apollonia.

flavida.

apollina.

mamois.

dyops.

bioculata.

terpsichore.

abyssinica.

mollis.

iinsorgei.

trimeni.

rosea.

fulvia.

aspersa.

herilla.

338 LEUCOPTERYX; EOCHROA; DECACHORDA; CYRTOGONE. By M. Gaede.

22. Genus: Leu copteryx Pack.

Separated from the preceding genus only by the somewhat greater distance between veins 5 and 6
on the fore wing, the apex being more tapering besides. Antennae in proportion with the length of the wings
shorter, and the scheme of markings quite different.

Type: mollis Btlr.

L. mollis Btlr. (58 b). Body white. Forewing greyish-brown almost as far as the centre where it
is distinctly edged with white, outward broadly washed out and, beginning from the eyespot, turning brown
again. The small eyespot is margined with black, white and pink. Hindwing white, at the margin narrowly
brown. The eyespot is merely an oval black spot. 80 mm. East Africa.

L. ansorgei Rothsch. (58 b). Forewing blackish-brown with a distinct white band on y3 of the length
of the wing. Eyespot small, margined with black, brown and black. Before the distal margin a narrower white
band. Hindwing white, from behind the eyespot turning blackish brown. Before the margin a similar band.
The small black eyespot is margined with olive brown. Beneath as in mollis the eyespots are also present, both
wings only above the inner margin broad white. $ 75 mm. East Africa.

23. Genus: Eochroa Fldr.

Antennae of $ as far as the tips fourfold pectinated, in the $ only double. Forewing with a straight
costal margin. Veins 5 and 6 separated afar, 7 + 8 on a long stalk, vein 10 anastomosing with 12 for a short
distance.

E. trimeni Fldr. (57 b). Body black and orange-yellow. Wings dark pink. Interior and exterior
lines blackish, the latter far outside. Eyespot with a white centre and hyaline dot, with dark orange-yellow
and broad black rings, in the latter colour a fine blue circle. On the hindwing only the exterior line is marked,
the eyespot the same, the distal margin in both wings black and orange. 60 — 70 mm. South- V est and South
Africa.

24. Genus: Decaeliorda Aur.

Antennae of $ particularly in the genotype with very long pectinations, in the however, quite plain.
Forewing of 3 und $ with an excurved distal margin. Veins 7 + 8 stalked, 9 forming a short spur at vein 8.
The species only have an exterior line which may be almost straight or rather much bent.

Type: rosea Aur.

D. rosea Aur. (51 c). Body and wings dark pink. Exterior line rather broad, yellow, running across
both wings. An aberrative specimen is orange-yellow, only behind the exterior line narrowly pink, with pink
fringes. 35 — 40 mm. Transvaal.

D. fulvia Drc. (= pomona Weym.) (51 a). Varying between reddish brown and orange-yellow, the
distal area mostly somewhat darker. Forewing with a white central dot. edged with black, on the hindwing
mostly a much smaller dot. In the East African specimens the dark exterior line is inside mostly finely margined
with yellow. 45 — 50 mm. East Africa, Transvaal, Adamaua.

D. aspersa Bouv. Very similar to fulvia. Inside reddish, outside reddish-brown. Lines rather straight,
at the costal margin of the forewing somewhat incurved, inside also margined with reddish-yellow. The fine
dark powdering being rare in fulvia is invariably present here. The spots at the cross-vein with a fine grey
central dot at most. 33 — 38 mm. Senegal. Presumably only a western form of fulvia. The specimen mentioned
there to originate from Adamaua is also small.

25. Genus. Cyrtogone Walk.

Thorax with a pointed edge below the dense hair. Antennae pectinated as far as % of their length,
in the J fourfold, in the ^ double, much feebler. Apex of $ forewing produced far with an obtuse point, in
the typical species herilla also in the $ so, in nenia and its allies not so. Vein 10 varies rather much, it may
branch off far before 7 and from vein 8.

Type: herilla Westw.

C. herilla Westw. (58 c). Forewing at the costal margin as far as below the cell and to the exterior
line violettish-brown, otherwise rusty brown. In the centre of the cell a dark brown oblique streak and inwards
of it one to the inner margin, next to it a dark basal spot. Before the undulating indistinct exterior line
lighter yellow. From this line to the centre of the distal margin blackish. The whole marking is very mottled.
Hindwing of in the basal area pink, otherwise with light and dark brown spots. In the $ only the base is
little pink or brown, otherwise as far as the centre milky white. 70 — 95 mm. Sierra Leone.

CYRTOGONE. By M. Gaede.

339

C. tholloni Bouv. Separated from herilla by black, not brown antennae, and stronger dents at tholloni.
the distal margin of the fore wing. Fore wing traversed by 2 deep brown lines, the interior line with a convex
bow inwards below the cell, the exterior line parallel to the distal margin, strongly notched, also in the apex
projecting correspondingly distad. Behind it somewhat pink, also at the base as far as the cell-end, behind
it paler, greyish-pink, at the cell-end whitish, where it is straightly cut off, to the inner margin with brown
spots. Hindwing smoky brown, at the base somewhat pink, then white as in herilla. Beneath on both wings
only the exterior line is distinct. $ 70 mm. Congo.

C. trefurtlii Strd. (58 c). Forewing dark brown, with a slight violet hue. The two lines are distinctly Irefurthi.
blackish-brown, the interior line in front vertical, below the cell, obliquely inwards to vein 2, then again vertical.

Exterior line incurved at the costal margin and thicker there, otherwise parallel to the distal margin. Around

the cross-vein a greyish-yellow spot. In 2 of 4 specimens on hand the anterior portion of the interior line is

more oblique, almost parallel to the exterior line. Marginal area lighter, greyish-yellow. The whole wing is

uniformly striated dark. Hinclwing at the base and costal margin pink, otherwise somewhat lighter than the

fore wing. Exterior line only distinct in the posterior half. Margin variably lighter. 75 — 90 mm. East Africa, cumeru-

— camerunensis Strd. differs at most in its somewhat darker colouring, the difference in the antennal tips mentioned nensh

by the author is wrong. Cameroon.

C. lichenodes Holl. Olive grey, striated greyish-green. At the apex and at the centre of the distal lichenodes.
margin pale ochreous-brown. Interior line deep black, interrupted, strongly excurved towards the centre of
the inner margin. Another line is not mentioned in the description. Apical third brown with black undulate
lines. Hinclwing at the costal margin narrowly pink, otherwise brown, at the distal and anal margins with
black streaks and scales. A black notched line from the anal margin near the anal angle to the distal margin.

$ 55 — 60 mm. Benito District.

C. nenia Westw. (58 d). Forewing of <$ at the apex produced, distal margin of both wings sharply nenia.
dentate. Wings of $ entirely margined, at the apex rounded off. Forewing at the base and in the anterior
half violettish-brown. The thick interior line is slightly undulated. The exterior line projects strongly at veins
6 and 7, as far as vein 4 inwards, then parallel to the interior line. The posterior half of the discal area and
the distal area nut-brown, at the anal angle yellowish. At the cross- vein greyish-yellow. Hindwing similar
to trefurtlii, in the inner portion dusted with yellowish-brown. Beneath the exterior line of the forewing is
much steeper and more distinct as far as the costal margin. Ground-colour of forewing as far as the exterior
line violettish-brown, in the basal area excepting the margins milky white, beneath the latter below the costal
margin not notched. At the cross- vein a yellowish- brown spot. Hindwing blackish-brown, on the fore wing
a similar large discal spot. 40 — 60 mm. Senegal, Cameroon.

C. ansorgei Rothsch. (58 d). In the ground-colour similar to nenia, but the forewing not with ansorgei.
apex, distal margin not notched, only slightly incurved. Hind wing only at the base red, costal margin longer, distal
margin feebly dentate. Described before the following species, but presumably only a feebler form of it. Angola.

C. bilineala Rothsch. $ in the shape of the wings more similar to nenia. Forewing with 2 lines, also bilincata.
the exterior line distinct, before it from the yellowish-grey cellular spot to the costal margin blackish. The
distal area of both wings less densely blackish-brown. Hindwing at the costal margin more intensely pink.

It may be the same species as trefurtlii and would then have the priority. $ similar to the <$, but with broader
wings. On the forewing without a black postcellular shadow. Hindwing lighter than in <$, without a white
basal area. East Africa. -

C. ducorpsi Fleur y. <$. Shape of wings as in ansorgei. Ground-colour of fore wing mouse-coloured ducorpsi.
with a pink hue. Interior line curved and dentate. In the distal area dark brown not quite to the distal margin.

Costal margin, apex and beginning of the distal margin mouse-coloured. Above the inner margin behind the
interior line as far as the cell a triangular blackish-brown shadow. Exterior line as in nenia. Hindwing also
mouse-coloured, at the costal margin pink. The exterior notched line only distinct at the anal angle, there
at the margin a series of black dots. Anal angle itself light. Distal margin fine black with light grey dots. $
larger. Forewing mole-coloured, dusted with black, at the inner margin suffused with brick-red. Distal margin
dark, the most extensively in the centre. At the cross- vein somewhat lighter. Interior line blackish-brown,
notched, exterior line strongly excurved at the costal margin, notched. Hindwing dark mole-coloured with
a yellowish- white spot as in nenia. Congo.

C. cana Aur. (= junodi Obth.) (58 i). <$. Violettish-grey. Median area inside indistinctly defined cana.
by rusty brown at the costal margin, in the posterior portion and in the indenture of the exterior line at the
costal margin rusty brown. Exterior line in the ground-colour double, parted by a dark line, anteriorly strongly
excurved and from there to the apex a brown shadow. Hindwing greyish-brown, at the base feebly pink. At
the anal angle and at the centre of the anal margin violet spots. A <§ is intensely suffused with brown on both
wings, in front the exterior line is only shadow-like. $ greyish-brown. On the forewing before the centre of
the inner margin and at the inner angle grey, on the middle often brown . Exterior line often marked. Hindwing
lighter, with the spots as in the <$. 50 — 60 mm. Delagoa Bay, East Africa.

C. agathylla Westw., described from a very much damaged specimen, only exhibits the very much agathglla
produced apex of the forewing and may be identical with one of the larger species. 90 mm. Congo.

340

HOLOCERA; PSEUDOLUDIA. By M. Gaede.

smilax.

angulata.

bistricta.

nilotica.

rhodesien-

sis.

agomensis.

suavis.

3. Subfamily; Ludiinae.

The species belonging to this subfamily distinctly deviate from the other Saturniidae. Palpi short,
not articulate. Proboscis absent or feebly present. Rind tibiae with but 1 pair of short spurs. The antennae
of the $ vary from almost the same shape as in the to quite plain ones ; the tips are also in the invariably
plain. On the forewing the cross-vein is almost quite straight between veins 4 and 6, vein 5 is present,
7 + 8 -f- 9 -f- 10 stalked, 8 + 9 may also be entirely fused. In the hindwing vein 5 is present. In both wings
vein 5 rises on or above the centre of the cross-vein. It would lead too far to explain here the fine microscopic
differences according to which Dr. Jordan separated the subfamily into 2 groups.

1. Group: Ludiicae.

On the fore wing beneath and on the hindwing above no basal spot of modified scales. Tarsal claws
not or hardly serrate.

1. Genus: Holoc*era Fldr.

Fore wing with a straight costal margin being rather sharply flawed at % °f its length, apex produced,
in the far with an obtuse point, below it inserted and almost vertical to the inner angle, in the $ much more
oblique. Veins 3 and 4 not separated afar, vein 5 a little above the centre of the cross-vein, 10 +7+8+9
a little before the angle, rising separated from vein 6, 1 1 absent. On the hindwing the anal angle is rather acute.
Vein 5 far before the centre of the cross- vein, vein 7 a little before the upper angle of the cell. Antennae of
J pectinate as far as half their length, in the + plain, the yellow eyespot of the hindwing lacks this genus.

Type: smilax Angas.

H. smilax Ang. (58 d). Varying from red- brown to violettish- brown, the darkest always in the median
band, the lightest the triangle between it, the costal margin and the median vein. Median band edged with
pink. Its inner border before the flaw at the costal margin almost straight, to % of the inner margin. The
outer border S-shaped, projecting farthest outward at veins 5 and 6. In it, at the cross-vein outward a twisted,
almost triangular hyaline sj)ot. On the hindwing around the somewhat U-shaped hyaline spot a similar band
being quite indistinct in the anterior half. 45 — 75 mm. South and East Afrika.

H. angulata Aur. (58 c). Very similar, also in the variability of the colouring. On the forewing the
inner border of the median band is notched in the submedian fold, the exterior border projects farthest only
above vein 6. Hyaline spot just as odd as in smilax. An abnormal specimen in which only the upper and lower
angles of it are left over, is bistricta Strd. On the hindwing the colour and marking are as in smilax, the size
of the hyaline spot varies rather much. In the often only a light streak, in the $ also as a large ring with
a scaled central spot (= guineensis Strd.). 55 — 58 mm. Cameroon. — nilotica Jord. shows a very large
hyaline spot in the forewing. Distal margin in both wings ochreous. The inner border of the median band is
not indented, the outer border corresponds to that in angulata. 1 q. Upper Egypt.

H. rhodesiensis Janse. Both wings at the distal margin somewhat dentate, particularly in the
Ground-colour nut-brown and violettish-grey. The form of the median band similar to smilax, its exterior
at the inner margin less excurved, the border-lines somewhat hazier. Hyaline spot similar, outward more pointed.
Hindwing in the same way different from smilax. 00 mm. Rhodesia, Nyassa Land. Larva with black body
and tubercles the hairs of which are downy, with pink lateral spots or with black and white rings. On Cussonia.

H. agomensis Karsch (58 e). Ground-colour rusty brown. The triangle at the costal margin and the
inner angle of the forewing lighter greyish yellow. Inside of the median band at the median vein projecting
somewhat basad, outside only feebly S-shaped, both the margins blackish. Anterior half of hindwing pink.
Hyaline sjiots of both wings r-shaped. 40 — 50 mm. West, South, Central Africa.

2. Genus: Pseu<loliiriia Strd.

In the forewing veins 10 + 7 + 8 + 9 stalked, otherwise the shape of the wings and the neuration
as in Holocera. Antennae of <+ pectinate as far as 4/5 of their length, also in the $ with short dents.

P. suavis Rothsch. (= lilacina Weym.) (58 e). Ground-colour red-brown. A triangle from the median
vein to the costal margin with its apex almost at the exterior end of the median band olive brown, also
the distal area. The indistinct inner margin of the median band in the centre of the cell angled inwards to the
costal margin, dark. The outer margin pink, feebly S-shaped, remarkably little bent. Before the apex at

LUDIA. By M. Gaedb.

341

the costal margin a light spot. The hyaline spot formed of 2 mostly united hooks. Base and costal margin
of hindwing mostly pinkish-brown. The semicircular hyaline spot with a dark orange ring. Median band dark
red-brown, its white edge encloses the hyaline spot in front semicircularly. Marginal area olive brown.

60 — 70 mm. East Africa. Larva orange with black rings and tubercles.

3. Genus: Lutlia Wallgr.

Shape of wings also similar to Holocera, the anal angle of the hindwing somewhat less extended. In the
forewing veins 8 + 9 are entirely fused. Antennae of and $ almost equally pectinate as far as % of their length.

Type: delegorguei Bsd.

L. tessnianni Strd. (58 e). Similar to a dark suavis. In the the median band with orange-yellow lessmannl.
edges, the inner edge straight from % inner margin to % costal margin, the outer edge from the flaw at the
costal margin S-shaped to the inner angle. Hyaline spot formed of 2 triangles united in the <+ in the $ formed
of 3 small spots in one row. In the <$ the forewing is dark olive brown, the band darker. In the $ a costal-
marginal triangle and the distal area light olive brown. Hindwing at the costal margin dark red, the median
band of the $ as in suavis, but only outside edged with white. In the £ the band almost extends to the
distal margin, without a white edge. The rest olive brown. 40 — 65 mm. Spanish Guinea.

L. corticea Joul. (59 a). Both wings dentate at the distal margin. The costal-marginal triangle of corticea.
the forewing greyish-yellow. The base below the cel 1 blackish. Median band the same, its inner edge projecting
on the median vein towards the base. The outer border incurved at the costal margin, notched throughout.

Hyaline spot r-shaped. Marginal area yellowish-brown with indistinct black spots. Hindwing also at the anal
margin yet somewhat red. The yellow ring is rather small, inside with a black luna. The dark median band
outside edged with light, behind it black spots as on the forewing. 35 — 60 mm. South-West Africa.

L. arguta Jord. Both wings uniformly dentate. Basal and marginal areas greyish-brown, the broad arguta.
median area olive brown. The inner border dark, inside edged with light, undulating, the outer border white,
forming large waves, incurved at the costal margin. Hyaline spot r-shaped. On the hindwing similar to dele¬
gorguei. The yellow ring of the eyespot with a white spot. The outer border of the band white, extending to
the costal margin. In the typical form arguta. from the Somaliland the median band of the forewing is dusted
with grey, the marginal area hardly brownish, in front of it the outer border-line less wavy. 42 mm. Somaliland.

In russa Jord., from East Africa, of which only the ^ is known, the median band is sooty brown, the outer russa.
border-line more wavy, the basal and marginal areas dusted with brown.

L. dentata Hm.ps. (= nyassana Strd., luciphila Strd.) (59 a). The blackish-brown median band on dentata.
its dark-edged inside below the costal margin somewhat, below the cell more strongly introangular. The curved
white exterior edge of this band at the costal margin more incurved. The space from the bend to the apex
dusted with white. Distal area dark greenish-brown, beneath at vein 2 broad white. On the hindwing the yellow
eyespot-ring without a white spot. In the £ the hindwing is rather much extended at the anal angle. The
border of the black median band is yellowish, very near to the distal margin. 56 — 60 mm. East Africa.

L. hansali Fldr. (59 a). The dark median area does not contrast so much with the rest of the forewing, hansali.
Its inner border forms 2 bows with the apex on the median vein, the outer light border slightly incurved at
the costal margin, from vein 5 almost straight to the inner margin. — In eximia Bothsch. (= tanganyikae eximia.
Strd.) (59 a) it is slightly excurved above the inner margin. On the hindwing the marginal area is narrower. — In
festiva Jord. the median area is besides more slate-coloured, behind its outer border hued with pink. The yellow / estiva.
ring of the eyespot in all the forms with a white spot. 50 — 60 mm. Abyssinia, East Africa, Niger District (festiva).

L. delegorguei Bsd. (59 b). Distal margin in both wings of $ and $ notched or entirely margined, delegorgue
Colour somewhat variable. Forewing of with a strongly produced aj)ex, varying between light yellowish-
brown and cinnamon-brown. The outer border of the median area from vein 6 to the costal margin incurved,
at the inner margin from vein 2 excurved. Median area darker red-brown, the inner border almost straight,
only at the median vein angular towards the base. Basal area behind somewhat lighter than the median area,
in front still lighter, rather distinctly separated. On the hindwing the red costal margin almost penetrates
to the apex. The yellow ring of the eyespot is relatively large. In the $ the basal area in the anterior half, the
median area narrowly at the costal margin, and the space behind this band are dull grey. An apical triangle
also dull grey. The border of the median band extends outside straight at the inner margin, not excurved.

On the hindwing the red costal margin does not extend to the apex. The yellow ring of the eyespot in the $
and $ with a white spot. 45 — 65 mm. South and East Africa. — Larva greenish-white with black oblong
spots. The long hairs are white, the short ones and the spines coloured according to their position. The pale
spines mostly with black tips. — vetusta Strd. (59 b), particularly conspicuous in the <$, with the light brown vetasta.
colouring of the normal §. The $ is still somewhat lighter greyish-brown. In both at the inner margin the
outer border of the median band is situate somewhat farther inwards than in typical specimens. South-West Africa.

L. goniata Bothsch. (59 b). $ separated from dark delegorguei by the slight angle at vein 3 of the goniata.
hindwing. The outer border of the median band hardly incurved at the costal margin, very little nearing the
anal angle, and between them notched. The lighter brown costal margin extends from the base to beyond
the hyaline spot. In the brownish ochreous margin narrow black streaks besides. On the hindwing the ring

342

EOSIA; VEGETIA. By M. Gaede.

pupil lata.

orinoptena.

limbobrun-

nea.

syngena.

obscura.

apora.

laeta.

insignis.

dcivitzi.

ducalis.

of the eyespot is smaller with a smaller white spot. The narrow margin is distinctly parted by brownish ochreous.
$ similar to vetusta. The grey places of the forewing, however, slightly brownish. Before the distal margin in
both wings a faded brown band. 45 — 60 mm. South Africa.

L. pupillata Strd. (59 b). Similar to delegorguei. The inner border of the median band without
a notch, the band itself somewhat narrower at the inner margin. Its outer border is in front more excurved.
Only the border-line itself is light, the marginal area as brown as the basal area in which only the costal margin
is lighter, though not grey as in delegorguei. Hindwing angular at vein 3. The yellow eyespot is large, the
median band outside narrower edged with light. 55 mm. Abyssinia.

L. orinoptena Karsch (59 c). By the notched margin to be compared with goniata. In the the inner
edge of the median band is the same, the outer edge not notched, but almost like delegorguei. Base and marginal
area olive brown, median area darker brown, outward narrowly grey. Hyaline spot quite different by the
separation of the upper portion. Hindwing entirely as goniata. In the $ the dents at the distal margin in both
wings less developed. The outer edge of the median band sometimes shows a flaw at vein 2, otherwise hardly
any differences from the since the hyaline spot also shows the same separation here. 40 — 55 mm. Togo,
Cameroon, Spanish Guinea, Congo. Sometimes the hyaline spot is normal, this form being named: limbo-
brunnea Strd.

L. syngena Jord. 2. Similar to orinoptena The inner border of the median band below the cell
and in the submedian fold with distal projections, at the median vein inwards. The middle tip of the hyaline
spot extends very far outward. The outer side of the median band is narrowly edged with grey, ending nearer
at the inner angle than in orinoptena. Distal margin of both wings not dentate. 60 mm. Bathurst.

L. obscura Aur. (= sopponis Strd.) (59 c). Distal margin in both wings only slightly undulating.
On the forewing the outer border of the median area is grey, rather indistinct. At the costal margin broad
grey. The shape of the faded median band and the hyaline spot similar to delegorguei. Marginal area brown,
otherwise faded blackish-brown. Hindwing dark brown without a red costal margin, the black median band
outside broadly edged with white. The ring of the eyespot is only yellow without a white spot. 52 mm. Cameroon,
Niger Delta. The larva is greenish- white, hairy. In front with 4 dark hair-pencils; the dorsal and lateral lines,
as well as the underside, excepting the legs, blackish. All the segments with 6 knob-shaped tubercles, only
on the 1st and 12th segments 4 such tubercles. The tubercles and the spaces between them with long white
hairs. On a Zingiberacea. Pupa without the longitudinal furrows of the Bunaea- species.

L. apora Jord. The outer border of the median band is distinctly white. On the hindwing it extends
in the Jf to the anal angle, in the $ on the forewing the inner angle is more rounded, the marginal area inside
much darker, faded black. 45 — 60 mm. Niger District. The form from Lagos (intermedia Jord.) differs from
apora almost only in the genital organs. — laeta Jord. is of a most variable size, as probably all the other species,
too. On the forewing the costal margin and the vein are more intensely grey. On the hindwing the red costal
margin is as extensive as in delegorguei. Gold Coast.

4. Genus: Eosia Le Cerf.

Apex of forewing pointed, distal margin notched. Of the veins 7 — 10 only 2 are present and stalked
(7 + 9). Hindwing similarly shaped as in Ludia.

E. insignis Le Cerf {= crenulata Fawc.) (59 c). Wings light cinnamon-brown. Fore wing with 3 small
black spots. Hindwing with about 8 small pale yellow spots scattered across the median area. A light inner
and outer line narrow and often interrupted. $ 45 — 55 mm. East Africa.

5. Genus: Vegetia Jord.

In the fore wing veins 7 + 10 -f- 8 9 stalked, vein 5 from before the centre. The cross-vein below

it very angular. Separated from the other genera by the absence of the tibial plate. The r-shaped hyaline
spot on the fore wing and the yellow ring of the eyespot still recalls the preceding genus, but the marking and
colour are quite different. Antennae of strongly pectinate, in the $ quite short.

Type: dewitzi Maass.

V. dewitzi Maass. (58 b). Ground-colour blackish-brown. Forewing with 2 yellowish- white bands,
hindwing with one, both nearing each other below the cell. The round hyaline spot with a yellow centre, margined
with black and yellow. Hindwing also with a round hyaline spot which, however, is more broadly edged with
yellow. As far as this spot the base of the wing is pink. Fringes of both wings yellowish-white. In the <$ the
thorax is striated yellowish- white, the abdomen with such rings. The hyaline areas may also be interrupted.
50 mm. South Africa.

V. ducalis Jord. (58 b). Ground-colour the same, more intensely dusted with light. The hyaline spot
of the forewing is r-shaped. The inner band with 2 strong dents, the outer band of lunae. The ring of the
eyespot and the hyaline spot of the hindwing as in the Ludia- species. Distal margin of both wings spotted
white. $ 50 mm. Cape Colony.

GOODIA. By M. Gaede.

343

V. grimmia Geyer (58 b). Larger. On the forewing the 2 projections of the inner hand curved. The
outer band as in ducalis. The hyaline spot hook-shaped with the point in front, margined with dark orange.
The hindwing in the basal area white, from the centre of the cell to the anal margin pink. The ring of the
eyespot dark orange in a sharply defined black area. The marginal spots of both wings more yellow. $ 60 mm.
Cape Colony.

2. Group: Goodiicae.

On the forewing beneath at the base and on the hindwing above with modified scales. Tarsal claws
serrate. Tarsal spines almost reduced to hairs.

6. Genus: Gooclla Roll.

Antennae of $ pectinate almost to the tips, in the $ serrate. Tibial plate in the $ almost or quite absent.
In the forewing the apex is more produced in the in the $ less produced. Vein 5 above the centre of the
cross-vein, vein 6 below the upper angle, 7 -(— 8 — {- 10 from the angle, 11 free. In the hindwing the anal angle
is pointed or rounded. Vein 5 rises far in front.

Type: nubilata Holl.

G. nubilata Holl. (= nodulifera Karsch, falcata Aur.) (59 cl). Ochreous-brown. At the costal margin
of the forewing as far as the exterior line violettish-grey. The lines darker brown, distinct, the inner line
obliquely outward, removed inwards at the median vein. The outer line with large waves. Behind the inner
line and before the outer line on the centre a light yellow spot, a larger one at the apex. At the cross-vein
a narrow hyaline luna. Hindwing at the costal margin and anal angle lighter yellow, the notched outer line
distinct. No hyaline spot. 65 — 80 mm. Cameroon, Ogowe.

G. sentosa Joid. (59 cl). Similar to a faded nubilata, less brown. The exterior line of the fore wing
less notched. Hindwing mostly unicoloured, only the inner points of the exterior line marked by brown dots.
70 — 80 mm. Cameroon, Spanish Guinea. Larva greenish-white with clingy green tubercles and brownish-
black spines, with long white hairs. On Amomum.

G. oxytela Jord. only differs in the genitals from nubilata. From Uganda, Congo.

G. lunata Holt. (59 e). A- Forewing with an apex similar to nubilata, not so far produced as in the
2 following species. As the description of lunata almost exactly corresponds with the following hierax Jord.
(59 e), we combine both. Ground-colour brownish ochreous, at the costal margin violettish -brown. The interior
dark brown line from the costal margin obliquely outward, inwardly removed at the median vein, then again
obliquely outward, obliquer, finer. The fine light lunular line edged with brownish ochreous. Outside its lower
point a light yellow sj)ot, above it darker brown, below it violettish-brown ; the postcellular spot in lunata,
somewhat less far towards the apex. Costal margin at the apex pale greyish yellow. Before the real dark brown
marginal line another fine distinct one with long fine sagittae at the veins inwards, the latter in lunata in
the anterior part more distinct and extending farther inwards. This marginal marking returns also on the
hindwing. If we were to think a line to be running from the apex of the forewing through the lower angle
of the cross- vein (at the hyaline spot), it would in lunata run through the centre of the hindwing, in hierax it
would meet the anal margin of the hindwing near the base. The $ of lunata is probably the form described
as lunata-obscuripennis in which both wings are intensely lined with dark violettish-brown. The $ of hierax
shows exactly the colouring of the In both the $ the distal margin is straight, the apex pointed, lunata
80 — 100 mm. Ogowe, Congo, Spanish Guinea, hieiax 80 — 90 mm. Gold Coast, Cameroon, Spanish Guinea,
Congo.

G. thia Jord. The is separated from hierax by the genitals, the $ probably belonging to it is
distinguished by a more pointed apex of the hindwing. Cameroon, Congo.

G. kuntzei Dew. (— ansorgei Ky., hollandi Btlr., ochraceum Aur.) (59 d). Ground-colour vellowish-
brown or reddish-brown, the marking of a variable distinctness. Apex of <$ forewing sometimes hardly as
pointed as in lunata in kuntzei -$ often more pointed. Interior line blackish, notched, very slanting, exterior
line in large lunular lines similar to lunata. From its beginning at the costal margin across the lower cell-
angle to y3 of the inner margin a faded blackish-brown nebulous band, sometimes also red-brown or violettish-
brown. The cross-vein with a fine hyaline streak, edged with dark. From there to the apex a light red-brown
or yellowish brown patch. Below the apex at the distal margin narrowly triangular violettish-brown. At
the centre of the inner margin blackish. Hindwing at the anal margin as far as the cell somewhat darker ochreous
than the rest. In the <$ a dark discal luna and a fine, slightly waved exterior line are mostly distinct. 55 — 65 mm.
South and East Africa.

G. smithi Holl. (= oriens Hmps., decolor Ae Cerf, uniformis Joan., heptapora Fawc.) (59 c). Similar
to a small kuntzei in the scheme of markings. Ground-colour varying between a greyish brown and reddish-
brown. Interior line intensely blackish-brown, notched, vertical. Cross-vein with a blackish-brown streak.
From the costal margin to the cross-vein and the interior line at the inner margin lighter grey. Exterior line
uniformly curved in luniform waves. From its apex to the centre of the inner margin a dark nebulous band.

grimmia

nubilata

sentosa.

oxytela.
I unata.
hierax.

thia.

kuntzei.

smithi.

344

ORTHO GONIOPTILUM. By M. Gaede.

Distal margin below the apex blackish. Hindwing with a central dot and an exterior undulating line. 35 — 45 mm.
Abyssinia, East and Central Africa.

Megadi epana cinerea Holl., described as a Drepania, in Ent. News 4, p. 178, may also belong to this
genus here.

7. Genus: Orthogoiiioptiluin Swh.

Antennae also in the $ rather strongly pectinate. Fore wing at the apex in the $ more produced, in
the $ only with a short point and a concave distal margin. Veins 10 + 7 + 8 + 9 stalked, 11 absent. Hindwing
of at the anal angle pointed, in the $ with small lobes inwards. The shape of the hyaline spots varies much
in both wings.

Type: adiegatum Karsch.

adiegatum. 0. adiegatum Karsch. (59 d). Umber-brown, the black marking rather distinct. Median and exterior

lines strongly notched. At the cross-vein 3 or 4 small hyaline spots, in the $ 3 larger ones. Before and below
them to the centre of the inner margin a dark shadowy band continued on the hindwing as a basal band. From
the apex to vein 5 near the margin a light line, outside of it as far as vein 5 a dark band continued in the
$ in spots, in the $ as a dentate line. Hindwing with hyaline dots and the continuation of the exterior black
line. Before the margin in the $ dark spots, in the $ a dark band. In the $ the apex is rather pointed. £
dollmanni. 75 mm. Cameroon, Spanish Guinea. — dollmanni Jord. is very similar. At the costal margin of the
forewing a few conspicuous spots, but those at the distal margin much less distinct. The median nebulous
band is olive brown, less prominent. Costal margin of hindwing slightly pink. In the $ the distal margin of
the forewing is less excurved, on the hindwing the apex is less projecting. In the hindwing the anal angle
is less acute. Rhodesia.

adustum. 0. adustum Jord. 2. Marking similar to adiegatum -§, but more indistinct. Hyaline spots also similar,

but more separated. In the hindwing the anterior hyaline spot is situate straight above the lower one, not
inwards of it. Ground-colour varying between reddish-brown and dark olive brown with a grey shadow. Interior
and exterior lines as in adiegatum, also the light apical line. Distal margin more uniformly dark. Hindwing
likewise with a darker distal margin, the apex less projecting, owing to the absent slight indentation below
it. $ 80 mm. Congo.

deletion. 0. deietum Jord. In the colour similar to vestigiatum, more intensely olive yellow. Markings indistinct

except the two dark spots at the costal margin at the beginnings of the interior and exterior lines, the apex
somewhat less produced. Below the interior spot at the costal margin and in the submarginal area light reddish-
brown. Traces of a light and dark apical streak, 2 hyaline spots small, the third punctiform. The indentations
of the exterior line brownish-red or of the ground-colour. Hindwing with 3 fine hyaline spots. 60 mm. Gold Coast.
pro.v. 0. prox Karsch. (= geniculipennis Strd.) (59 e). Varying from a light reddish-brown to dark chestnut-

brown. The two notched lines on the forewing distinct, both surrounded by grey. At the costal margin inwards
of both one light spots or streak each. Hyaline areas rather large in the $. In the $ the median area is somewhat
darker, in the $ on the centre of the distal area an undulating line, the exterior line and the hyaline spots as
monochro- on the forewing, the latter spots also surrounded by grey. 75 — 85 mm. Cameroon, Gold Coast. — monochromum
mum. Karsch (59 f) is a dark brown specimen (^) with very diminutive hyaline spots, the exterior lines being hardly
hrunneum. recognisable. 60 mm. Cameroon. - brunneum Jord. The hyaline spots are in the <$ not much smaller than
in the §, the $ is more olive brown, with a warmer tint than normal prox-Q, which, however, is also the case
in geniculipennis Strd., so that, if the form has to be denominated at all, Strand’s name would have the priority.
kahli. Gold Coast. kahli Holl. is a dark, fawn-coloured form hued with claret-colour, with very distinct lines. In
the $ there is not any hyaline spot in the forewing, in the hindwing there is but a very small one. The $ probably
belonging to it has very large hyaline spots. The grey brightening on the forewing behind the exterior line
is rather distinctly defined, at the costal margin almost white, the apex itself as dark as the centre of the wing.
Cameroon.

chalix. 0. chalix Jord. 2. Similar to incana, but the latter species has much shorter pectinated antennae

than chalix. Ground-colour hazelnut-brown with grey shadows. The dark ajrical line is absent, but there is
a dark shadow-like band to the inner angle. The two lines are recognisable, but not distinct. Distal margin
yellowish-brown. Hindwing with a sharp apex, distal line recognisable. Hyaline spots in both wings moderately
large. 65 mm. Lake Tchad.

vestigiatum. 0. vestigiatum Holl. (59 f). Violettish-brown mixed with greyish-brown. Exterior line inside with

ochreous spots, more intense ochreous spots around the small hyaline spots. From the apex a dark line extends
indistinctly waved in front of the whole distal margin. On the hindwing quite similar, servatia Weym. is probably
the $ belonging to it. Ground-colour more greyish-brown, the hyaline spots almost as large as in the U the
yellow spots around the hyaline areas. In the £ and $ on both sides of the wings before the dark apical line
another light streak. In the the yellow spots at the exterior line are also present beneath, but the lines
themselves are feeble, in the $ without any yellow spots at all. 55 — 65 mm. Cameroon, Gold Coast, Ogowe.
incana. 0. incana South. (= septiguttata Weym., pancratia Weym.) (59 f). Apex of $ forewing not projecting

so far as in the other species, in the the inner angle is more rounded off. Similar to prox. Tarsi, however,

Publ. 17. XI. 1927.

CARNEGIA. By M. Gaede.

345

with yellow, not white rings. Distal margin greyer. On the forewing of the $ (in septiguttata) with brown
submarginal spots, otherwise the ground-colour varies between yellowish-brown and red-brown, in septiguttata
above and beneath lined with a dark grey. The interior and exterior line is mostly distinct on the forewing,
on the hindwing only the exterior line. The $ is above and beneath more or less reddish-brown, in the median
area darker with larger hyaline spots. East Africa, Nyassa Land, Transvaal. — Goodia violascens Rbl. also
seems to be the same species.

8. Genus: Carnegia Aur.

Separated from Goodia by the anal angle of the hindwing exhibiting in the $ and $ an inwardly curved
lobe. In the $ also the distal margin of the fore wing is indented in two places.

C. mirabilis Aur. (impar Aur.) (59 f). The $ {impar) having been later described is chocolate brown, mirabilis.
lighter or darker, the area from the cross-vein to the apex greyer. The notched interior and exterior lines dark,
on both sides edged with grey. The 4 small hyaline spots edged with brown. Hindwing unicoloured rust-brown,
at the distal margin hued with violet, anal angle yellowish-brown. The 4 small hyaline spots edged with dark.

In the $ the median area of the forewing is dark brown. The grey edging of the interior line projects far distad
as far as the base of vein 2. Distal area in its interior portion hued with violet, with dark patches behind the
cell and at the inner margin. A round the cross- vein a large hyaline spot parted by the veins and a small one above
it. Hindwing dark like the median area of the forewing, only the costal margin lighter. Directly behind the
large split hyaline area a dark median line. 60 — 75 mm. Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, Cameroon.

Alphabetisches Yerzeiclmis

with reference to the original descriptions of the African Saturnidae.

* signifies that the form is also figured at the place cited.

abyssinica Hen. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1898, p. 185.

acetes Lob. Westiv. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 53.

adiegatum Orth. Karsch, Berl. Ent. Z. 37, p. 501. *

adustum Orth. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 313.

aethiopica Nud. Le Cerf, Bull. Mus. Paris 17 (1911), p. 540.

aetbiops Lob. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 2.

agathylla Cyrt. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 58.

agomensis Hoi. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 253.

albescens Gyn. South. Prod. Soie. 4, p. 66. *

albida Drep. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1886, p. 409. *

alcestris Nud. Weym. Iris 20, p. 46.

alcinoe Bun. Stoll, Pap. Exot. 4, Taf. 322. *

alinda Lob. Dry. Ill. Exot. Ent. 3, Taf. 19.

alopia Nud. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 55.

amathusia Nud. Weym. Iris 22, p. 8.

amnion Lob. Karsch, Werther, Ost-Afr. p. 314.

angolanus Nud. Le Cerf, Bull. Mus. Paris 24, p. 501.

angulata Hoi. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 14, p. 201.

angulata Us. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 2, p. 50.

anna Nud. W. & W . Beitr. Schmett. 5, Fig. 88.

ansorgei Cyrt. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 8.

ansorgei Leuc. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 4, p. 309. *

ansorgei Pseud. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 5, p. 101.

antbina Nud. Karsch. Ent. Nachr. 18, p. 353.

antinorii Drep. Obth. Ann. Mus. Genova 15, p. 178. *

apollina Cer. Btlr. A. M. N. H. 5 (2), p. 461.

apollinaris Pseud. Bsd. Voy. Deleg. 2, p. 601.

apollonia Hen. Cr. Pap. Exot. 3, Taf. 250. *

apora Lud. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 287. *

arabella Nud. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1893, p. 203.

arata Nud. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 41. *

argillosa Nud. Le Cerf, Bull. Mus. Paris 17, p. 539.

argiphontes Eud. Ky. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1877, p. 20.

arnobia Pseud. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 142. *

arguta Lud. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 272. *

aslauga Bun. Ky. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, 1877, p. 18.

aspersa Dec. Bouv. Bull. Mus. Paris 33, p. 148.

ata Gyn. Strd. Mitt. Mus. Berl. 5, p. 299. *

atbarina Epi. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 2, p. 161.

aurantiaca Nud. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 2, p. 42.

bamendana Nud. A. Schultze, Arch. f. Nat. 80 A (1), p. 153.
barnsi Eu. J. & T. Bull. Hill Mus. 1, p. 164.

XIV

barotsina Pseud. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 8.
basiflava Pseud. J. & T. Bull. Hill. Mus. 1, p. 163.
bauhiniae Epi. Guer. Icon. R. An. T. 86. *
belina Nud. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 41. *
benguelensis Nud. Obth. Et. Comp. 18, p. 76. *
besanti Arg. Rbl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 45, p. 69.
bilineata Cyrt. Rothsch. A. M. N. II. (7) 20, p. 8.
bioculata Hen. Aur. Vet. Akad. Ferh. 36, p. 50.
bistricta Hoi. Strd. Iris 25, p. 113.
boolana Drep. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 75 A (2), p. 308.
brachyura Eud. Dry. Ill. Exot. Ent. 3, Taf. 29. *
bracteata Cin. Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) 19, p. 393.

| brunneum Orth. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 317.

| buchholzi Imbr. Maass. Stett. Ent. Z. 41, p. 86.
butleri Nud. South. Prod. Soie 3, p. 17. *
butyrospermi Cir. Vuill. Insecta, Rev. ill. Ent. 1911, p. 167. *

caffraria Bun. Stoll, Suppl. Cramer Taf. 31. *
j callichroma Nud. Le Cerf, Bull. Mus. Paris 24, p. 500.
callista Lob. Jord. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 472.
callista Nud. Le Cerf, Voy. Rothsch. Afr. or. p. 453. *
j cambouG Pseud. Obth. Et. Comp. 11, p. 254. *
j cana Cyrt. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1893, p. 202.

| capensis Nud. Stoll, Pap. Exot. 4, Taf. 302.

carnegiei Nud. Janse, Ann. Durb. Mus. 2, p. 78.

| chalix Orth. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 319.
cbristyi Lob. Sharpe A. M. N. H. (7) 3, p. 371.
cincta Pseud. Mab. Ann. Ent. Fr. (5) 9, p. 317.
citrinarius Lob. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 330.
Cleopatra Lob. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1893, p. 204.
cleoris Nud. Jord. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 473.
colini Eud. Bouv. Rev. Zool. Afr. 15, p. 165.
congolensis Nud. Bouv. Rev. Zool. Afr. 15, p. 136. *
conradsi Nud. Rbl. Iris 19, p. 98.
corticea Lud. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 268.
cribrelli Cer. Btlr. A. M. N. H. 5 (2), p. 20.
cyrene Lob. Weym. Iris 22 p. 1.
cytherea Nud. F. Syst. Ent. p. 557.

delegorguei Lud. Bsd. Voy. Deleg. 2, p. 601.
deletum Orth. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 314.
dentata Lud. Limps. A. M. N. H. (6) 7, p. 184.
dentifera Psel. M. & W. Beitr. Selim. 5, Fig. 115.

44

346

Alphabetical List of the African Saturnidae.

dewitzi Veg. M. & W. Beitr. Schmett. 5, Fig. 90.

deyrollei Imbr. Thoms. Arch. Ent. 2, p. 344. *

dido Nud. M. & IF. Beitr. Schmett. 4, Fig. 72.

dione Nud. F. Ent. Syst. 3 (1), p. 410.

divaricatus Nud. Bouv. Bull. Mus. Paris 33, p. 73.

dolabella Nud. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Bond. 1886, p. 409. *

dollmaimi Orth. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 313.

ducalis Veg. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 291.

ducorpsi Cyrt. Fleury, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1925, p. 29.

dura Pseud. Kefst. Jahrb. Ak. Erf. (2) 11, p. 15. *

dyops Hen. M. & IT7. Beitr. Schmett. 2, Fig. 21.

eblis Imbr. Streck. Lep. p. 121. *

editlia Nud. Wichgrf. Deutsche Ent. Z. 1914, p. 392.

elisa Nud. Wichgrf. Deutsche Ent. Z. 1914, p. 393.

elucidata Arg. Griinbg. Schultze Forschungsreise S.-Afr. p. 118.

emini Nud. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 84.

epimethea Imbr. Dry. Ill. Exot. Ent. 2, Taf. 13.

epithyrena Lob. M. & IF. Beitr. Schm. Fig. 86, 87.

ertli Imbr. Rbl. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 19, p. 67. *

erythrotes Lob. Karsch, Berl. Ent. Z. 37, p. 496.

ethra Athl. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 56. *

eximia Lud. Bothsch. A. M. N. II. (7) 20, p. 10.

fasciata Nud. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 325.
feae Drep. Aur. Ann. Mus. Genova 4, p. 525.
felderi Nud. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 2, p. 42.
lenestriculata Nud. Strd. Mitt. Mus. Berl. 5, p. 298.
ferruginea Nud. Bouv. Rev. Zool. Afr. 15, p. 142.
festiva Lud. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 279.
flavescens Nud. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 2, p. 42.
flavida Hen. Btlr. A. M. N. H. (4) 20, p. 462.
flavinata Tag. Wkr. Cat. Lep. Het, B. M. 32, p. 273.
flavivitta Tag. Wkr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1862, p. 275.
flavomarginata Pseudaph. Gaede, I. Ent. Zeitschr. (Guben) 9
(1915), p. 72.

forda Cir. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 52.
fulleborniana Nud. Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 26, p. 358.
lulvia Dec. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1886, p. 411.
fumosa Mel. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 2, p. 43.
fumosa Pseud. South. Prod. Soie 3, p. 67. *
fusca Nud. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 2, p. 42.

gemmifera Psel. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1878, p. 387.
germaini Nud. Bouv. Bull. Mus. Paris 33, p. 349.
gerresheimi Imbr. Strd. I. Ent. Zeitschr. (Guben) 5 (1911),
p. 257. *

getula Drep. M. & IF. Beitr. 5, 68. *

ghesquierii Eud. Rev. Zool. Afr. 13, p. 180.

gigas Athl. South. Prod. Soie 4, p. 67. *

goniata Lud. Bothsch. A. M. N. IT. (7) 20, p. 9.

goodii Lob. Holt. Ent. News 4, p. 136. *

grimmia Veg. Gey. Sammlg. exot. Schmett. Ill, 1837

gschwandneri Nud. Rbl. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 31, p. 164. *

gueinzii Nud. Strd. Stett. Ent. Z. 33, p. 120.

habenicliti Mel. Wichgrf. I. Ent. Zeitschr. (Guben) 5 (1911),
p. 175.

hanningtoni Tag. Btlr. A. M. N. H. (5) 12, p. 106.

hansali Lud. Fldr. Reise Novara Taf. 89. *

lierilla Cyrt. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 57. *

liersilia Nud. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 42. *

kersilioides Nud. Fleury, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1924, p. 220.

keyed Lob. Weym. Berl. Ent. Z. 41, p. 81.

hierax Good. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 301.

lioekneli Nud. Roghf. Ann. nat. Hofmus. Wien. 6, p. 464.

horsini Nud. Bouv. Bull. Mus. Paris 33, p. 74.

hyperbius Cin. Westw. Oates Matabeleld. p. 357.

illustris Lob. Weym.

incana Orth. South. Ann. Lab. Soie 9, p. 12. *
inornata Lob. South. Ann. Lab. Soie 1899, p. 154. *
insignis Eos. Le Cerf, Bull. Mus. Paris 1911, p. 307.

jacksoni Nud. Jord. Nov. Zool. 15, p. 255.

jama Gyn. Rbl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 65, p. 211.

jamesoni Lob. Drc. Jam. Story R. Column p. 448.

jebbae Nud. Sharpe A. M. N. H. (7) 3, p. 372.

juncta Tag. Strd. I. Ent. Zeitschr. (Guben) 5 (1911), p. 286.

junodi Nud. Obth. Et. Comp. 4 b, p. 43. *

kahli Orth. Holt. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 23, p. 99.
karemii Pseud. Bouv. Rev. Zool. Afr. 15, p. 132. *
kasaiensis Nud. Bouv. Bull. Mus. Paris 33, p. 350.

kuntzei Good. Dew. N. Acta Lep. Car. Ak. Nat. 42 (2), p. 70. *

laeta Lud. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 288.
lambertoni Tag. Bouv. Bull. Mus. Paris 33, p. 76.
latifasciata Nud. South. Prod. Soie 3, p. 20. *
laurae Lob. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (1) p. 141.
lepodna Pseud. Obth. Et. Comp. 11. p. 253. *
lickarbas Nud. M. & W. Beitr. Schmett. 5, Fig. 89.
lichenodes Cyrt. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 533.
longicaudata Imbr. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 137. *
lucida Nud. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 2.
lugardi Drep. Ky. A. M. N. II. (6) 13, p. 165.
lunata Good. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 179. *
lupina Tag. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 7.

maasseni Nud. Strd. Mitt. Mus. Berl. 5, p. 297.
macrophthalma Nud. Ky. Ent. Month. 18, p. 146.
macrops Nud. Rbl. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 31, p. 166. *
macrothyris Imbr. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 13, p. 189.
madagascariensis Pseud. South. Prod. Soie 3, p. 65. *
maja Gyn. Klug, Neue Schmett. Taf. 5.
manowiensis Drep. Gschw. Z. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 8, p. 46.
marginilinea Pseud. J. & T. Bull. Hill Mus. 1, p. 561.
marginilutea Pseud. Bouv. Rev. Zool. Afr. 15, p. 137. *
marnois Hen. Roghf. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 41, p. 565.
melanoneura Nud. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 4.
meloui Lob. Riel, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910, p. 63.
menippe Mel. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 43.
mimosae Arg. Bsd. Voy. Deleg. 2, p. 600.
minor Eud. Holl. Bull. Amer. Mus. 43, p. 316.
mirabilis Car. Aur. Ent. Tidsk. 16, p. 120.
mitfordi Lob. Ky. A. M. N. H. (6) 10, p. 173.
mittrei Arg. Guer. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 230.
mollis Leuc. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 391. *
monochromum Orth. Karsch, Berl. Ent. Z. 37, p. 502. *
morlandi Lob. Rothsch. A. M. N. IT. (7) 20, p. 5.
mpalensis Nud. South. Ann. Lab. Soie 9, p. 152. *
myrtea Nud. Rbl. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 31, p. 162.
mythimnia Epi. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 40. *

natalensis Lob. Aur. Ent. Tidschr. 1893, p. 203.

nenia Cyrt. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 57. *

nereis Mel. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 5, p. 605.

neuvillei Nud. Le Cerf, Bull. Mus. Paris 17, p. 539.

nictitans Nud. F. Syst. Ent. p. 558.

niepelti Lob. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (9), p. 179.

nigra Gyn. Bouv. Rev. Zool. Afr. 15, p. 161.

nilotica Hoi. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 260.

nubica Bun. Jord. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 472.

nubilata Good. Holl. Ent, News 4, p. 179. *

nyassana Nud. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 5.

obertkiiri Nud. Bouv. Bull. Mus. Paris 33, p. 72.
obscura Lud. Aur. Ark. Zool. 2 (4), p. 14.
occidentalis Nud. Rothsch. A. M. N. IT. (7) 20, p. 4.
ockracea Pseudopli. J. &. T. Bull. Hill Mus. 1, p. 561.
orientalis Cir. Bouv. Rev. Zool. Afr. 15, p. 158.
orinoptena Lud. Karsch, Berl. Ent. Z. 37, p. 504. *
osiris Nud. Drc. A. M. N. H. (6) 17, p. 354.
oubie Nud. Guer. Lef. Voy. Abyss. 6, p. 387. *
oxytela Good. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29. p. 299.

paleacea Pseudaph. H.-Schaff. Au Bereur. Schmett. 1, Fig. 308.

pales Nud. Weym. Iris 22, p. 12.

pallens Lob. South. Ann. Lab. Soie 1899 p. 155. *

parathyrena Lob. Bouv. Rev. Zool. Afr. 15, p. 147. *

parva Mel. Rothsch. A. M. N. IT. (7) 20, p. 5.

pauper Nud. Bouv. Bull. Mus. Paris 33, p. 347.

pelosoma Drep. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 1.

perspicua Epi. Btlr. A. M. N. IT. (5) 2, p. 463.

pliaeax Lob. Jord. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 255.

pkaedusa Lob. Dry. Ill. Exot. Ent. 3, Taf. 24.

phidias Nud. Weym. Iris 22, p. 5.

ploetzi Drep. Plots, Stett. Ent. Z. 41, p. 86.

princeps Nud. Le Cerf, Bull. Mus. Paris 24, p. 498.

prox Orth. Karsch, Berl. Ent. Z. 37, p. 502.

pupillata Lud. Strd. Iris 25, p. 116.

pygela Cin. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1886, p. 409. *

pygmaea Cin. M. & IF. Beitr. Schmett. 5, Fig. 100.

rebeli Pseudoph. Gaede, I. Ent. Zeitschr. (Guben) 9 (1915).
p. 72.

rectifascia Drep. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 2.
rectilineata Nud. South. Ann. Lab. Soie 9, p. 151. *

Alphabetical List of the African Saturnidae.

347

redlichi Lob. Weyni. I. Ent. Zeitschr. (Guben) 15 (1901), Nr. 16.

reducta Nud. Rbl. Ann. Hofmus. 21, p. 166. *

rendalli Nud. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 4, p. 182.

rendalliana Nud. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 322.

reticolens Cer. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 19.

rkodesiensis Hoi. Janse, Ann. Durban Mus. 2, p. 83.

rhodina Nud. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 3.

rhodophila Nud. Wkr. Proc. N. H. S. Glasgow 1, p. 343.

richelmanni Nud. Weym. Iris 22, p. 6.

ringleri Nud. Wichgrf. Ins.-Borse 23, p. 82.

rosea Dec. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1898, p. 184.

rosea Lob. Sonth. Ann. Lab. Soie 1899, p. 153. *

roseibrunnea Pseudapb. Gaede , Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 336.

rothschildi Nud. Le Cerf , Bull. Mus. Paris 1911, p. 538.

ruandana Nud. GriXnbg. i. 1.

rubra Nud. Bouv. Rev. Zool. Afr. 15, p. 146. *

russa Lud. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 275.

sabulosa Tag. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 7.

said Nud. Obth. Et, Ent. 3, p. 34. *

saturnus Lob. F. Ent. Syst. 3, p. 409.

schultzei Drep. Aur. Ark. Zool. Z. 2 (12), p. 30. *

semialba Athl. South. Prod. Soie 4, p. 66. *

senegalensis Irnbr. Oliv. Journ. Hist. Nat. 1, p. 357. *

sentosa Good. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 297.

simplex Pseudaph. Rbl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 1906, 224.

sinope IJr. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 60. *

sjoestedti Lob. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1893, p. 205.

smilax Hoi. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 59.

smithi Good. Holt. Don.-Sm. Unknown Afr. p. 413. *

songeana Tag. Strd. I. Ent. Zeitschr. (Guben) 5 (1911), p. 286.

sonthonnaxi Nud. Weym. Iris 20, p. 46.

staudingeri Nud. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1893, p. 205.

steindachneri Athl. Rbl. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 19, p. 65. *

suavis Pseudl. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 9.

subocellata Pseud. Btlr. A. M. N. II. (5) 5, p. 387.

sudanica Drep. Le Cerf, Bull. Mus. Paris 23, p. 51. *

sufferti Mel. Weym. Berl. Ent. Z. 41, p. 85.

suraka Anth. Bsd. Fauna Madag. p. 89. *

syngena Lud. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 285.

tanganicae Lob. Sonth. Ann. Lab. Soie 1899, p. 153. *
terpsichore Hen. M. & W . Beitr. Schmett. 5, Fig. 113.
tessmanni Lud. Strd. Iris 25, p. 110.
tbia Good. Jord. Nov. Zool. 29, p. 302.
thoirei Lob. Bouv. Ann. Sc. nat. Zool. (10) 9, p. 334. *
tholloni Cyrt. Bouv. Brill. Mus. Paris 1926, p. 74.
thyene Nud. Weym. Berl. Ent. Z. 41, p. 83.
transiens Mel. Wichgrf. I. Ent. Zeitschr. (Guben) 5 (1911),
p. 176.

trefurthi Cyrt. Strd. Ent. Rundsch. 26, Nr. 18.

tricolor Bun. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 2, p. 38.

trimeni Eo. Fldr. Reise Novara, Taf. 85.

triramis Nud. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 4.

troglophylla Eud. Hmps. Labor. Soie Lyon 15, p. 13. *

truncata Imbr. Aur. Ark. Zool. 5 (5), p. 6.

truncata Imbr. Bouv. Rev. Zool. Afr. 15, p. 257.

tyrrhea Nud. Cr. Pap. Exot. 1, Taf. 46.

tyrrhena Lob. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 51 *

ukerewensis Nud. Rbl. Iris 19, p. 97.
ungemachti Nud. Bouv. Bull. Mus. Paris 33, p. 348.
unicolor Nud. Bouv. Bull. Mus. Paris 33, p. 347.

vacuna Drep. Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1849, p. 39. *

vau Nud. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915, p. 101. *

venus Nud. Rbl. Iris 18, p. 273.

vera Epi. Janse, Ann. Durban Mus. 2, p. 85.

vestigiatum Orth. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 180.

vetusta Lud. Strd. Iris 25, p. 118.

vulpina Pseud. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 20.

wahlbergi Nud. Bsd. Voy. Deleg. 2, p. 600.
wallengreni Ust. Fldr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 3, p. 323. *
westwoodi Gyn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 2, p. 45.

xanthomma Nud. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 3.
xanthops Par. Rothsch. A. M. N. H. (7) 20, p. 6.

zaddachi Nud. Dew. Mitt. Munch. Mus. 3, p. 34. *
zambesina Nud. Wkr. Cat. Lep. Het. Br. M. 32, p. 525.

BRAHMAEIDAE. General Topics by I)r. A. Seitz.

349

12. Family: Brahmaeidae.

This family, as we already stated in Vol. II (p. 227), contains but very few, rather similar though most
peculiar species. The imagines are brown with an extremely complicated marking occurring in no other lepidoptera ;
the characteristic asymmetry of this marking was already pointed out at the place quoted above. In the
palaearctic B. japonica and the Indian hearseyi it is the most conspicuously exhibited by the inner-marginal
speculum of the forewing, where the pupilled spots situate on the submedian are never on the left wing of the
same number, size, and position as on the right; in the African B. lucina the two sides of the imago differ from
each other in the small dark spots situate around the cell-end of the forewing.

The systematic position is less distinctly shown by the imagines than by the early stages. The kind
and position of certain peculiar horns, 4 of which are particularly well developed on the anterior portion of
the larva and one at the anal end, prove the fact that the Brahmaea are nothing else but the palaearctic
representatives of the widely distributed American family of the Ceratocampidae which neither contain very
many species. In the later larval stages these horns disappear or they are strongly modified, whereby the
connection with the similarly endowed Agliinae is evinced. The variability of the Aglia tau exhibited by their
melanistic tendency which was formerly almost unknown, but which increases most remarkably since 50 years,
is parallelled by the Brahmaea which most peculiarly differ not only individually, but even on the two sides
of a specimen.

The fact that the larval horns of the Brahmaea are organs intended for frightening is manifested above
all by their application. Almost in exactly the same way as the larva of Citheronia regalis in America the larva
of Brahmaea bramarbas takes up an unmistakable threatening or frightening position when danger is imminent.
It rises high on the remarkably long-extensible abdominal legs, lifting its front part like a sphinx and rolling
its head downwards, whereby the 4 large pointed spikes of the thoracal segments extend upwards and forwards
as curved thorns. The larva of bramarbas only differs from that of Eacles in besides stretching the last segment
with its thick thorn high up above the dorsum. The Indian Brahmaea hearseyi were observed by R. Mell
to struggle vehemently with their front parts exhibiting long corkscrew-like protuberances, and to crackle
distinctly with their maxillae.

In fact, however, this threatening posture only feigns defensive powers. The larvae of Brahmaea, as
much as they are known, are very frail and delicate; they feel extremely flabby and soft, and even the least
touch seems to harm them, so that it is best not to catch hold of them at all.

The breeding of the larvae of Brahmaea requires also otherwise their most careful and cautious treatment.
Although the family is represented in the most rainy districts, it seems not to stand wet food in captivity;
besides, it is also very sensitive against food of inferior quality, and excepting the somewhat stronger Br. japonica, ,
the insects are not easy to breed.

As to the general characterization of the family, we refer to what has been said in Vol. II, p. 227.
The African Brahmaea exhibit a habitus very much like that of the Palaearctic-Indian ones, but they can be
distinguished from them at once by the presence of the submarginal ocelli also beneath. There are, however,
also greater structural differences between the Indian and African members of this genus, so that the generic
separation of the African species is justified. According to Jordan’s research, Spiramiopsis comma Hmps.
also belongs hereto, having been dealt with among the Etipterotidae (p. 296, pi. 44 c) and distinguished from
Dactyloceras by the absent submarginal ocelli and undulate lines, and the short-stalked veins 6 and 7 of the
hindwing.

350

DACTYLOCERAS. By Dr. A. Seitz.

lucina.

tridcniata.

ocelligera.

catenigera.

bramarbas.

bar ns i.

1. Genus: Dactyloceras Mell.

Separated from Brahmaea by the 2nd and 3rd radials (veins 9 and 10) of the tore wing only bifurcating
when the 4th and 5tli radials (veins 8 and 7) have already bifurcated; thus from the joint stalk at first
vein 7 rises, then 8, at last 9 and 10, the two latter being sometimes coalescent. All these radial branches are
more removed towards the costal margin than in Brahmaea; in the latter the 2nd and 3rd radials (9 and 10)
and the 4th and 5th radials (8 and 7) are each on a joint stalk, and the two stalks are then stalked once more.
In the hindwing the cross- vein (bar) between vein 8 and the anterior edge of the cell being often present in
Brahmaea is invariably absent here. In the forewing the 1st radial (vein 11) is strong in Brahmaea, whereas
in Dactyloceras it is in the basal portion feeble, hardly visible.

The larvae, according to Mell, are dark in all their stages, on all the segments with spiniform fleshy
cones; in Brahmaea green or brown with corkscrew-like spines on the 2nd, 3rd, and 11th segments.

The single species are often very much alike, only separated by slight differences in the marking, which
are also parallelled by structural marks. In how far there are only races or distinct species, cannot be decided
for the present.

D. lucina Dru. (2 = swanzii Btlr.) (60 a). Separated from all the other African Brahmaeidae by
the submarginal ocelli of the forewing exhibiting 2 in the apex that deviate from the others, since they appear
to be oblong, and the foremost is mostly smaller. Beginning from the 4th ocellus, the ocelli are outside bordered
by bluish-white scales. The fine undulate lines of the basal portion are connected with those in the discal area,
so that the dark median area appears to be interrupted. Ocelli in the fore wing and hindwing, excepting the
apical ones in the forewing, of the same shape. Veins 4 and 5 converge in both wings considerably after their
origin. Cross- vein of hindwing with white hairs, feebly curved, and it is met by the median fold of the cell
slightly above its centre. Apex of forewing in the $ strongly produced. In the forewing at the cross-vein a
dark crescent sometimes broken up into spots, distally to it between veins 4 and 5 another large spot, both
of which are fused forming a tricuspid spot in the much rarer form tridentata Covte from the Congo; below
it some smaller spots, 2 more are below the costal margin, all of them chocolate-brown, edged with white. West
Africa, from Sierra Leone and Spanish Guinea to the Congo.

In all the following species the apex of the o forewing is not produced, the apical black ocelli are round and
of the same shape as the others, the latter are distally bordered by a line of bluish- white scales, the ocelli in the hindwing
are at least partly of a different shape from those in the forewing, never filled with white. In the forewing veins 4 and 5
parallel or divergent. Cross- vein of hindwing in the lower portion very strongly bent, the median fold of the cell terminates
at its foremost part, it is never covered with white hairs.

1 . Species with an undulate outermost black line in the hindwing.

D. ocelligera Btlr. (47 f). In the forewing the transverse lines of the basal areea are contiguous with
those of the discal area, the median band is interrupted in such a way that the lower portion is isolated as an
oval spot from the inner margin (as in bramarbas) ; submarginal ocelli with large roundish centres. In the hindwing
the black marginal area is distally somewhat dentate. Mombasa, British East Africa.

D. catenigera Karsch ( = catenaria Grilnb . nec Karsch ) (60 c $). In the forewing the dark median
band is not interrupted, the undulate lines are separated from the basal and discal areas also at the inner margin,
submarginal ocelli not so broadly filled with dark, the dark basal area of the hindwing hardly dentate. Isle
of Szosswe in L. Victoria. Only $ known.

2. The black fine marginal line in the hindwing not undulate or absent.
a) In the hindwing the cross- vein between the origin of veins 6 and 7 about as long as between 5 and 6.

D. bramarbas Karsch (60 b $). In the forewing the outermost light undulate line of the basal area
at the inner margin bent round to the first of the discal area; thus the dark median band does not reach to
the inner margin. In the hindwing the dark basal area is strongly dentate, all the submarginal ocelli are
uniformly reniform. West Africa: L. Elephant (Cameroon). Hitherto only the female is known.

/•I) In the hindwing the cross-vein between veins 6 and 7 always much shorter than between 5 and 6, sometimes even
absent there.

* Wings without any white markings.

D. barnsi Joic. <0 Tall) . Near to maculata (60 c) from which it differs in the absence of white markings
and in the unicoloured black basal area of the hindwing. The exterior discal line of the forewing is said not to touch
the first postdiscal line. Expanse: 140 mm. Ruanda, at an altitude of 6 — 7000 ft., in December. (It was
not before me).

* *

Wings with white markings.

DACTYLOCERAS. By Dr. A. Seitz.

35]

D. ostentator sp. n. (60 c $). Very similar to bramarbas, but in the hindwing veins 6 and 7 rise close ostentator.
together, the dark median band of the forewing extends to the inner margin, otherwise corresponding with
bramarbas, particularly in the dents of the basal area of the hindwing. $ type from Cameroon (Yaunde Station
in the Berlin State Museum, also from Uganda.

D. widenmanni Karsch (60 b rf). The dark basal area of the hindwing more uniform or not dentate, widen-
sometimes clistally almost rectilinearly defined, at the costal margin very indistinctly lighter. The dark median mann

band of the forewing reaches to the margin and is not interrupted in typical specimens; — in the form
conjuncta Strd. (47 f) it is interrupted, the discal and subbasal white undulate lines are contiguous. — In conjuncta.
arrogans form. nov. (47 f) the dark median band of the forewing is isolated from the inner margin, in the same arrogans.
way as in bramarbas , the yellowish-brown subbasal line is more excurved towards the margin. The dark basal
area of the hindwing is less extensive, slightly extending distally beyond the posterior angle of the cell (<$ type
from German East Africa in the Berlin State Museum); German East Africa; Kilimanjaro. Hitherto only
the $ is known.

D. maculata Conte (60 c $). Chiefly separated from widenmanni by the dark basal area of the hindwing maculata.
being very whitish in its anterior portion ; its distal border is mostly without pointed dents ; the posterior angle
of the cell extends almost to the distal edge of the marginal area. Usambara, German East Africa. It may
be a femal form of widenmanni.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the African Brahmaeidae.
* signifies that the form is also figured at the place cited.

arogans Dact. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14 p. 351. *

■barnsi Dact. Joic. u. Talb. Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 p. 562 (1924).
bramarbas Dact. Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 21 p. 337, t. 1, f. 5
(1895). *

catenaria Dact. Griinb. Deutsch. ent. Zeit. 1909, p. 77 6, t. 11,
f. 5. *

catenigera Dact. Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 21, p. 342 (1895).
conjuncta Dact. Strand, Iris 25, p. 120 (1911). *

lucina Dact. Drury, Ill. Exot. Ent. Ill, t. 34, f. 1 (1780). *

maculata Dact. Conte, Lab. ^tud. soie Lyon 14, p. 250, t. 13,
f. 2 (3) (1911). *

ocelligera Dact. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 390,
t. 12, f. 4. *

ostentator Dact. Her. in Seitz Macrolep. 14 p. 351. *

tridentata Dact. Conte, Lab. 6tud. soie Lyon 14, p. 249, t. 13,
f. 3 (2) (1911). *

swanzii Dact. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Ld. 1870, p. 41.

widenmanni Dact. Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 21, p. 343 (1895)

Publ. 20. XI. 1927.

SPHINGIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

353

13. Family: Sphingidae, Hawk-Moths.

In the 2 nd volume (p. 229) we pointed out the relative homogeneousness of structure and nature in
all the Sphingids known and stated that hardly any lepidopteron in this family can be mistaken as not belonging
to it. A still greater conformity of the habitus, of course, is exhibited by the members of the same genus
amongst each other, and just as remarkable is the very slight individual aberration (within a species) of the
Sphingidae-, every collector knows what enormous numbers of Macroglossum stellatarum, Pergesa elpenor,
Celerio lineata, or Acherontia atropos may be bred before any single interesting aberration appears.

Nearly all the biological peculiarities of the Sphingidae are to be explained by their eminent flying
power. According to researches made on the flight of insects, which Amans extended over various orders *),
the shape of the wings being the most expedient for swift and continuous flights is a flying-organ (composed
of forewings and hindwings) being broad at the base and pointed at the' end, thus taking the approximate form
of the wing of a swallow or a gull. Beside this shape of the wings, the Sphingidae exhibit uncommonly strong
flying-muscles which are provided with strong solid listels of attachment in an especially solid though spacious
thoracal capsule. The wing-strokes of the Sphingidae occur in so swift and energetic a succession that, for
instance, a Herse convolvuli being captured in full flight feels quite warm in one’s hand; Breyer **) considers
the heat produced by the flying-motions in this insect to reach 32 0 C, like the temperature of warm-blooded
beings. In addition the Sphingidae show a great desire to fly which continuously impels them to ramble about,
so that they are the most frequent visitors of ships in mid-ocean. In 30 voyages I made across the Mediterranean
the most frequent lepidoptera flying on to the ships were not only Pyrameis cardui (which however never
occurred at very great distances from the land), but also Macroglossum stellatarum and Acherontia atropos,
and Mathew ***) made the same observation. In the northern parts of the Indian Ocean we often met with
Herse convolvuli-, near the Peninsida of Malacca we saw great numbers of a Magroclossum (from the passalus-
group). Even Sphingids of an unwieldy structure (such as P achylia ) flew on board passenger-boats (Pagen-
stecher), and in Southern Brazil you may often see the dead bodies of large Cocytius washed to the shore.
On land the wanderings of Sphingids have become somewhat regular, for instance the temporary appearance
of numerous African species such as Deilephila nerii, Hippotion osiris, Hipp. celerio, Celerio lineata beyond the
northern frontier of their region; and some Sphingid species such as Acherontia atropos always return to islands
or districts where they are unable to stay for long.

This mobility brings about that most of the Sphingidae are unable to form real local races however great their
distribution may be. In spite of their frequent and distinct reaction upon climatic influences, they have great
difficulties in forming geographically fixed local races; the reason of this is undoubtedly the fact that the develop¬
ment of geographical races is constantly disturbed by the interbreeding of typical straggling lepidoptera . In easily
discernible variations such as Celerio euphorbiae — • paralias — grenizenbergi — mauretanica — deserticola we
notice the unmistakable endeavour to consolidate themselves in geographical races, but over and over again we
find near Biskra among numerous deserticola a mauretanica, and among the latter, in Batna, a paralias or an
approximately typical form; and then again on the Lidi of Venice a specimen which does not exhibit the
characters of the grenizenbergi which are native there; whereas in northern countries bright red specimens
may occur (among numerous pale ones) etc. Even in many species distributed from the Cape to the Sahara
— such as Ach. atropos or Herse convolvuli — no reliable geographical distinction is to be observed, and the
Sphingid last mentioned does not develop a single decisively separate race in the whole of the Old World over

*) Rev. Sci. Nat. Montpellier 1883. II. III.
**) Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. IV, ITeft 1.

***) Entomolog. 18, p. 295.

XIV

45

354

SPHINGIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

which it is distributed, excepting perhaps in few very remote islands. The Macroglossum stellatarum from
Madeira is hardly discernible from specimens of the same species from Japan, and Celerio gallii from America
( chamaenerii ) shows but very slight and inconstant differences from Central European specimens.

As to individual variations, the Sphingidae are equally subject to the general laws applicable to all
insects, according to which, species whose characteristic colouring is not altered by external influences, are
extremely constant. In spite of their immense distribution, the above mentioned Pergesa elpenor could not
develop distinct races (the Japanese exhibit almost the same characteristic upper surface as the European),
nor do the individual specimens show any aberrations. It is the same in the case of Deilephila neni ; in spite of
the complicated marking and the most delicate colouring, specimens from the Cameroon, the Cape, Egypt, or
India are not constantly different, and immense series of specimens may be placed together without finding
the least difference among them — except in the size and perhaps in the pink tint of the transverse band of
the fore wing.

However, the lepidoptera with adaptable colours are invariably exposed to a great change of colouring
and often also of marking, so far as the copied objects vary themselves. A heap of poplar or oak leaves has
no fixed colour : it may be more yellow, more brown or grey-red, and it may show more or less distinctly the
veins of the leaves; equally variable are the colours of those Sphingidae which copy small dry leaves, such as
Dilinae tilia, Amorpha populi , Marumba etc. These show all the shades that such leaf-models may assume;
Hyloicus pinastri shows the black stripes representing a split in the bark either distinctly or indistinctly
or not at all etc. — As to the African Sphingidae, however, we must state besides that the imagines of some
species resting in the foliage or on herbs on the ground exhibit a bright sap-green upper surface, exactly according
to the green colour of the leaves, as for instance the genera Euchloron and Basiothia, which rarely occurs in
the Sphingid family and never in such pure tints as in these African Sphingidae.

It seems that only the resting Sphingid lepidoptera require a protection. The flying lepidoptera are
presumably hardly attacked by any enemies (excepting the rear-mice). From the latter many Sphingidae seem
to be protected to a certain degree by their considerable size being equal or superior to the usually small rear-
mice. Other insectivora may also be frightened off by the tibial spurs which may sometimes be of an enormous
size and which probably prick into the stomatic mucous membrane of the aggressor like a thorn *). Some of
the Sphingidae are undoubtedly protected by their bodies containing poisonous substances, probably mostly
extracted from their food-plant, and we may assume, from the conspicuous colouring of e. g. many species of
Celerio, and the inviting way in which these lepidoptera, being noticeable from far away, expose themselves
to the insectivorous vertebrates, that the most venomous saps of the food-plants (Euphorbia, Tithymalum)
do not lose their lethiferous effect in the imago. We must infer this from the fact that very close allies of
feeders on Euphorbia show an inclination to protective colours, as soon as the poisonous food is replaced by
an unpoisonous plant, as for instance is the case with Cel. vespertilio which is almost undiscoverable owing
to its having adapted itself to the grey colour of the rocky soil (larval food: unpoisonous Epilobium) or con¬
cealing itself in the herbs on the soil, such as Cel. gallii (food: cheese-rennet).

Although the Sphingidae exhibit a certain strict adherence to the Sphingid shape characterised above,
which is expressed by nearly all the African hawk-moths — and still more so by their larvae — -, yet a compa¬
rative consideration of their biological peculiarities shows them to be a lepidopteral family which, at least in
their range and development, entirely belongs to a later time of creation. The separation of the original type
of the Sphingidae does not seem to have taken place in the very latest epochs, still the relation of nearly all
the Sphingidae to the forms and products of modern creation intimates that they belong to the present times.
First of all, the number of individuals of most of the species is much greater than might be assumed considering
the ability of nearly all the unpoisonous Sphingidae to hide themselves. In nearly all parts of the globe the
Sphingid larvae are daily met with in the open air, in spite of their being very difficult to discover owing to
their protective colouring, from which fact we may draw the conclusion that their number of individuals is
considerable. A great many species are occasionally able to propagate in masses, and in North Africa I saw
swarms of Euphorbiae-l&rv&e as broad as large brooks, creeping along in several layers above each other, 2 or 3 m
broad, and after having stripped their places of birth, wandering to other spurge-fields. If the food-plant is
in a suitable situation, hardly any may be found on which, if one looks carefully, there are no Sphingid larvae
to be discovered. As to diurnal Sphingidae (Macroglossum), I was able to find in the right season vast legions
of swarming lepidoptera, particularly on the sandy slopes in Mauretania and on blossoming Lantana in Southern
China. In the dusk we are even in Europe sometimes surprised by the great number of Sphingidae appearing
in the evening on hedges of Caprifolium or on beds of Petunia even in the midst of towns.

*) On carelessly seizing Beil, nerii or Herse convolvuli, they may even hurt the human hand.

SPHINGIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

355

Most of the Sphingidae often display a monstrous proboscis and are decidedly fond of living on flowers,
owing to which fact they may also be assigned to the more modern groups of lepidoptera. The Saturniidae entirely
keep aloof from flowers and exhibit numerous other peculiarities (which have been dealt with in Vol. X) for which
reason we took them to be the representatives of an ancient lepidopteral type, whereas the Sphingidae are
dependent on blossoms which belong to more modern creation. A drastic example of this dependency is offered
to us by an Ethiopian Sphingid. The well-known explorer A. R. Wallace who had a particularly sharp eye
for the biological relations in Nature was struck by the existence of the Madagassic orchid Angraecum sesqui-
pedale being dependent on an insect provided with a proboscis of almost 10 in. length, which at that time
(1891) was still unknown. Thirteen years later the predicted insect was discovered by Rothschild and Jordan
in the Madagassic Sphingid X anthopan morgani praedicta It. cb J .

Many facts prove that the Sphingidae are a more modern lepidopteral class, having developed from
the older element, the Saturnidae. As intermediate forms we may look upon the Brahmaeidae of the Old World
and still more distinctly the corresponding Ceratocampidae of the New World.

Being formations of modern creation, the Sphingidae also exhibit mimetic symptoms, though not only
the vague tendency of copying indefinite models (as is the case with older lepidopteral families such as the
Saturnidae in which eye-like spots by their sudden display have only a general bewildering effect, without
copying individual parts of a beast of prey), but the Sphingidae present a most detailed kind of imitation of
decidedly efficacious models, which is due to complicated (even structural) metamorphoses. The most striking
cases are shown by the larvae. In the internally protected larvae as well as the inhabitants of the Euphorbia
which contain poisonous milky juices we meet with the original primary form of the S phi n gidae-bxr v a e which
are uniformly cylindrical with a small head and a horn-like tail, with a dorsal stripe and uniform lateral spots
on the segments. According to circumstances, this shape is transformed into a protective form in all those
Sphingidae that live on unpoisonous plants and are without any internal protection. In case of adaptation
to an animal, the image of an eye is produced by that lateral spot which is situate at the place where the
copied reptile would have its eye. i. e. on the side of the 4th ring. The lateral eyes of the other segments
are then obliterated; this process is most obvious in the larva of Basiothia medea, where the imitated eye just
begins to differentiate from the eye-spots of the other rings. The supernumerary eyes are then more and more
obliterated in order not to impair the image of the snake. The develojnnent of the snake's eye is accompanied
by the transformation of the anterior larval segments by acquiring the faculty of thickening the front portion
of the insect into the shape of a snake’s head, which requires a specially adapted muscular apparatus. In order
to copy still more strikingly the eye of the snake the eyespot of some species is even provided with an enamel
gloss by means of a structural modification of the epidermis, so that the reflection of light, the sparkling of
the vertebrate’s eye is likewise presented: such an insect is the larva of Theretra clotho or lucasi. Up to this
accomplished imitation of the front portion of a snake we find all degrees of transition, and in some African
Sphingid larvae we can even study the gradual progress of this metamorphosis. The beginning is exhibited
e. g. in the larva of Theretra capensis, where we already notice, beside the greenish colour being adapted to
that of the vine-leaves, the feebly developed eye-spot and the shrinkage of the horn-like tail which impairs
the impression of the snake-image, and in the marking we see a transition from the leaf-design to the obliquely
spotted marking of the dorsum of a snake. The momentum promoting the transformation is the inadequacy
of the hitherto jirevailing degree of adaptation which does not prevent the insect from being pursued by butcher¬
birds (Fiscus collaris) and from being stuck on thorns. The dimorphism of very many Sphingid larvae likewise
forms an illustration of this process of transformation from a protective resemblance to mimicry; many Sphin¬
gidae show forms which are either adapted green or mimetic brown, both of which may occur at the same time
side by side, as for instance in the above mentioned Theretra capensis in South Africa, Hippotion osiris from
Tropical Africa, in Herse convolvuli being distributed over the whole of Africa, as well as Acherontia atropos
and other Ethiopian species.

The reciprocal action between the colouring of the Sphingid larvae and their habits is distinctly
disclosed in some genera whose larvae are well known to us, as for instance in the genus Celerio. C . nicaea,
vespertilio, and hippophaes are very closely allied to each other, but they have very different larvae. The larva
of nicaea is extremely variegated, white with red, black-edged eye-spots. But it lives on an Euphorbia which
is so very poisonous that the inhabitants of Africa assert that some, young shoots of this spurge, when thrown
into a brook, are sufficient to poison all the cattle drinking from it. The larva, filled up with these poisonous
substances, is to be seen from afar sitting on the food-plant in the daytime, since it need not be afraid of
any attacks by insectivorous animals. — The larva of vespertilio is also variegated, with red stripes and eyespots,
hut it lives on unpoisonous Epilobium and therefore hides beneath stones at daybreak, often at a considerable
distance from its food-plant; specimens which are sometimes met in daytime sitting on the food-plant, are
mostly either stung or sick. — The third species of Celerio, hippophaes, lives on unpoisonous Hippophae
rhamnoides (from the family of Elaeagnaceae) ; this larva is not variegated, but green and so exactly adapted
to the food-plant that it is extremely difficult to identify it; it can therefore remain unnoticed on its food even
in bright sunshine.

356

SPHINGIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

Such an extremely detailed and — one might almost say — well-thought-out specialisation is only
possible in a family whose exterior is not yet fixedly stabilised, but still changeable, as we have ascertained in
some Ethiopian Sphingidae which are less strong on the wing. So for instance the larva of Cephonodes hylas
does not only look in Africa quite different (black and yellow) from that in India (green and white), where it
is equally common, but it also shows in the Ethiojiian districts a frequently varying colouring and sometimes
varies considerably even in the same district; thus it may in be in Natal black with a white dorsum, yellow
with a green dorsum, brown with a green dorsum, green with red eyespots etc. It may also assume such a
colouring that it is hardly discernible from the larva of the American Sphingid Haemorrhagia diffinis, even
if the two larvae were placed next to each other.

This variability of colouring in the larvae is of course chiefly due to their great inclination to adapt
themselves as much as possible to the food-plant. Those larvae that are not protected by snake-mimicry or
internal poison, have made ample use of this quality of adapting themselves, and sometimes we notice a most
striking likeness to the food-plant. Wherever the larva rests unprotected in the foliage, the leaves of the food-
plant have been most minutely copied. The larva of Marumba quercus living on cork-oak shows a colouring
exactly like the dull dark green tinted with blue, of the cork-oak leaves, so that in order to find them one
must stroke one’s hand over the leaves of the branch, on which it must be sitting according to its traces, because
it is hardly to be discovered with the eyes alone. The larva of the common palaearctic Amorpha populi, in its
crooked resting position most exactly imitates the shape, marking and colour of a somewhat rolled-up poplar-
leaf, the secondary ribs of the leaf being represented by the lateral oblique streaks of the larva. Beginning from
the season when — especially often in trembling-poplars — there are small brown rusty spots in the axillae of
the ribs of the leaves, the larva of A. populi is also often decorated with such spots situated exactly at the
place where they also occur in the leaf. A close ally of the death’s-head moth, Coelonia fulvinotata Btlr., living-
in South Africa on the dahlias which are everywhere planted in the gardens (probably also on other Heliantheae),
would by its large size be unlike the leaf of its food-plant had not the whole front body of the larva, by a
peculiar change of the shape of the thoracal segments, resembled a bundle of leaves being spun together.

With the pupa we have already dealt in Vol. II (1. c.) so that we need only add that nearly all the pupal
forms known from other faunae also occur in the Ethiopian District; we find the long proboscid noses not only
in H. convolvuli but also in Coelonia fulvinotata the pupa of which is very much like that of the Indian
Psilogramma discislriga; obtuse stalked snouts are displayed by Hippotion balsaminae. The pupa of Hippotion
osiris, however, shows a most peculiar formation, since the case of the proboscis is extended into a flat, wing¬
like sheath projecting in front beyond the end of the pupa’s head by more than 1 cm. whereby the pupa which
is at any rate very oblong almost looks like a shut clasp-knife which, by the colouring, resembles a small
piece of a branch.

We must particularly mention yet the larva and pupa of the largest Ethiopian Sphingid Lophostethus
demolini. The larva is on all its segments armed with long, paired thorns which are set with fine pricks, so
that it looks exactly like a Saturnid larva. Even the abdominal legs and the sides above and below the stigmata
are armed with pointed pricks. This larva also most peculiarly shows in the anal region a purple brown spot
contrasting with the light yellowish-green ground-colour of the larva, whereby it also resembles most of the
Saturnid genera.

As to the geographical distribution of the Sphingidae, we have already given a full account in Vol. II.
Owing to the enormous flying-power of the Sphingidae, which enables them to spread almost unlimitedly, we
meet with several species both to the north and south of the Sahara, which rarely occurs in other families. The
Ethiopian species being also palaearctic are the following: Acherontia atropos , Herse convolvuli, Celerio lineata,
Hippotion celerio and osiris, Deilephila nerii, Cephonodes hylas. In Madagascar a very small Sphingid occurs
with an expanse of only 25 mm, looking almost like a very dark Sphingonaepiopsis gorgon (Vol. II, pi. 40 g).
It is at the same time the smallest Sphingid of Africa and presumably of the globe: Sph. obscurus Mab. Closely
allied to it is Sph. nanum Bsd., from Natal, which is also very small, and the hardly larger Microsphinx pumilum
Bsd. from South Africa. Lophostethus demolini, on the contrary, has an expanse (in the $) of almost 150 mm
and is presumably the largest of the African Sphingidae. Its larva which lives on Hibiscus tiliaceus is almost
as long and often 2% cm thick.

The most polyform Ethiopian Sphingid genera are the Polyptychus and the Temnora, of which alone
more than 100 forms are hitherto known; on the whole, Africa is remarkable for the particularly great number
of greyish-yellow (dull sand-coloured) species; beside this colouring the unicoloured blackish-brown tint
predominates. The Ethiopian region is poor in strikingly coloured and especially variegated species; an incli¬
nation for green colours has already been mentioned above to be due to adaptation.

Owing to the almost entire impossibility to penetrate the Sahara, the Ethiopian region is well isolated,
and if it is better explored, more than 200 Sphingidae will probably be known, which exclusively belong
to that region. Moreover, Rothschild and Jordan call our attention to the fact that just in this region the
different subfaunae (East, West, South Africa) by no means differ from each other in their Sphingid fauna

SPHINGIDAE. By Dr. M. Hering.

357

so strikingly as it has been observed in other families; despite their geographical situation, the African land¬
scapes, as soon as they have the same character, also exhibit the same Sphingid fauna, for instance the high
steppes, the rainy forests, the sandy plains etc. This curious fact is likewise due to the flying powers of the
Sphingidae which can mostly easily get to places where the territorial conditions are beneficial to their growth.

The separation of Madagascar from the other African faunae is also expressed by the Sphingidae, since
more than half of the species (about 50) ascertained in Madagascar have not yet been captured on the continent.
Among them there are also very able flyers with a very great migratory inclination, such as Macroglossum and
species of Hippotion, so that this geographical behaviour furnishes an excellent proof of the actual seclusion
of Madagascar. However, the frequently stated conjecture of the faunistic relation of this island to the East
Indies is not supported by the Sphingidae, none of them being known to occur both in India and in Madagascar
which would not also occur in Continental Africa (such as Deileph. nerii and Hipp. celerio). Only two Madagassic
lepidoptera are more closely allied to India than to Africa; Hippotion geryon and Maassenia heydeni, the latter
of which is at any rate rather isolated.

The reason why the whole Ethiopian district has altogether but 5 Sphingidae in common with the
oriental fauna is probably that vast oceans or deserts must be crossed in order to wander from one range to
the other. Although the flying power and swiftness of numerous Sphingidae would easily enable them to perform
this task, they are prevented from doing so by another difficulty, i. e. the great want of food experienced by
all the Sphingids, excepting the Ambulycinae or Smerinthinae which show a much inferior flying capacity.
They seem to be unable to perform long journeys without taking food at intervals. The Macroglossum of the
Old World, and the Sesia of the New World are incessantly drinking honey, during the scorching heat of the
day as well as in the dusk. As the Macroglossum also often come to the lantern late at night when they are
probably on their nuptial tour, it may be that they also take food during that time. They are particularly fond
of drinking, and A. H. Fassl was able to capture large quantities of Sphingidae above the surface of rivers in
America, which came to quench their thirst and, like swallows, darted down to the water touching its surface.
Thus it seems that but few particularly strong flyers, such as Acherontia and Herse, are able to fly across vast
deserts, and this is also consistent with the decided lack of Sphingidae in remote islands which can hardly
boast of one or the other Sphingid from the above mentioned almost cosmopolitan species.

With regard to the habits, the Sphingidae number among the best known and at the same time most
similarly natured lepidoptera. Nearly all of them are early flyers and often hardly wait for dawn, and there are
but very few species — among them the Acherontia — which apparently only awake for their flight late at
night. Many species which as a rule only get lively at the end of daytime, may sometimes get hungry at the
wrong time and are then forced to visit flowers in the parching sunshine, such as Celerio gallii or lineata, which
sometimes drink honey in the midday heat *). And the eager thirst for honey may be so great that, for instance,
Herse convolvuli drinks from flowers picked and held by pedestrians, and Acherontia atropos flew on board a
ship and began, without any fear, to lick from the jam standing on a table, all the seats of which were engaged.
The usual food of the Sphingidae is the honey of flowers, and certain families of plants — presumably those
abounding in honey — are most preferably visited. I also saw, however, small species ( Gurelca ) visiting fruits
that had fallen from the trees or were burst asunder.

Sphingidae.

By Dr. Martin Hering, Berlin.

The general characteristica of this family have already been dealt with in detail in Vol. II, p. 229 seq.
What has been said there also refers to the African species of this family being on the whole rather uniform.
The disposition and classification of the family lias been also here performed in accordance with the fundamental
monography of this family by Rothschild and Jordan with consideration of the genera and species which
have been hitherto described. (Rothschild and Jordan, A Revision of the Lepidopterous Family Sphingidae,
Novitates Zoologicae Vol. IX, Suppl. 1903). Whosoever will more exhaustively work at this family, especially
in consideration of the structural peculiarities, above all the sexual armatures, must refer to this work. For
the delimitation of the genera, beside the usual marks which are mostly used by lepidopterologists, also some
peculiarities have been made use of, which are more difficult to perceive. Thus the two main groups of the
Sphingidae, the Asemanophorae and the Semanophorae, have been separated owing to an area of modified
sensitive hairs on the inside of the first palpal joint near its base, which is absent in the former group, but
present in the latter group. Moreover, we used for the classification the rows of small thorns situated at the
end of the abdominal segments, which can be noticed by means of a strong magnifying glass, if one removes

*) Dr. RETJSS observed in East Africa Nephele comma swarming on blossoms at 3 p, m.

358

HERSE; ACHERONTIA; COELONIA; GALLO SPHIN GIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

convolvuli.

airopos.

fulvinotata.

nigricans.

solani.

comoroana.

brevis.

circe.

to a small extent the scales above at the end of an abdominal ring. For the determination of the genera are
besides important: — the pulvillus, an unpaired formation between the two claws at the last tarsal joint, and
besides the paronychium (anal claws), a formation projecting on each side of the claws in one or two appendices
or lobes. Both require a close examination with a strong magnifying glass.

In the following pages more than 300 African Sphingid forms are described, yet they certainly do not
represent an exhaustive elaboration of the African Sphingid fauna; we may well assume that many new species
and races will be discovered when this part of the world has been more thoroughly explored. Certain genera
jointly occur in the African and Indo-Australian regions, such as Leucophlebia , Polyptychus , Hippotion, Theretra,
and others. There is, however, no genus occurring both in Africa and America.

A. Sphingidae asemanophorae.

First palpal joint without a ,, basal spot“ (an area of sensitive organs) at the base of the inside.

Subfamily : Acherontiinae.

Very near to the following subfamily, but the last thin antennal joint very long and almost bare; if
it is short and densely scaled, it lacks the hair-tuft at the lower edge of the eye; we never meet here with
an irregular margin in the forewing.

Tribe: Acherontiicae.

Last antennal joint long and almost bare, second palpal joint on the inside with a deep hollow covered
by a hair-tuft.

1. Genus: Iferse Oken.

Proboscis longer than the body, the pulvillus between the two claws at the end of the tarsus is tiny
or absent, body and wings without any yellow, paronychium on each side with but one lobe.

H. convolvuli L. (= pseudo-convolvuli Schauf.) (Vol. II, 36 a). This species having been described already
in Vol. II is distributed in the palaearctic and Indo-Australian districts and also occurs in the whole of Africa
and in Madagascar.

2. Genus: Aekeroiitia Lasp.

Proboscis shorter than thorax, the palpi do not touch each other, between them the base of the proboscis
is visible. Thorax above with a marking like a death’s head. Pulvillus absent, paronychium entirely reduced.

A. atiopos L. (Vol. II, 36 a). This species likewise described in Vol. II is common in the whole of
Africa and Madagascar, being cpiite conformable with the palaearctic form.

3. Genus: t'oeloiaia R. u.J.

Proboscis longer than the body, pulvillus between the two last tarsal claws well developed. Parony¬
chium with 2 appendages on each side. The genus only occurs in the Ethiopian Region.

C. fulvinotata Btlr. {— mauritii Btlr.) (61 a). Ground-colour of forewing varying between olive-brown
and red-brown, with blackish transverse stripes, in the distal half more or less brightened by white. Hindwing
black, at the costal margin and anal margin and also at the base yellow, with a blackish round basal spot.
Hindwing beneath at the anal margin yellow. In the form: nigricans Gloss all the yellow and brownish-yellow
markings in both wings have disappeared. Larva with a horn bent as in the death’s head, the horn granulated.
— Distributed in the whole Ethiopian and Madagassic regions.

C. solani Bsdv. (= astaroth Bsdv., grisescens Saalm.) (61 a). Ground-colour of forewing greyer than
in the preceding species, hindwing beneath at the anal margin white. The lateral spots on the abdomen being
distinctly yellow in fulvinotata are here almost white, too. Larva with a smooth horn which is grey with black
spots. It only occurs in Madagascar, Mauritius, Bourbon, but not on the continent. The race from the Comoro
Is. : comoroana Clark shows almost unicoloured brown forewings, without the intense contrasting white
irroration.

C. brevis R. &• J . is intermediary between the two preceding species, similar to f ulvinotata , but smaller,
the antennae thicker, the second palpal joint at the base with coarse hairs, but then smooth and coniform.
End of thorax not with greyish-pink hairs as in fulvinotata, the large black basal spot on the liindwingis absent
above, whilst beneath the base and anal margin are white instead of yellow. But one specimen known from
Madagascar.

4. Genus: €lallosp!Biiig»in R. u. J.

Pulvillus present, long; paronychium on each side with but one appendage. Tibia without thorns.

C. circe Fawc. (61 a). Metathorax light ochreous, with black bands, the light band of the abdomen
more reduced. Forewing light red-brown with an olive band distally to the discal line, with more distinct

XANTHOPAN; PANOGENA; POLIANA. By Dr. M. Hering.

359

blackish markings. At the apex a short black oblique streak. Hindwing dark red, basally more ochreous; anal
margin not black. Anal angle dusted with grey, with 3 blackish transverse streaks the exterior one of which
is continued to the costal margin; marginal area red-brown. Expanse: 20 mm. Kedai, East Africa. It was
described as Dovania.

Tribe: Sphingicae.

Separated from the Acherontiicae by the middle palpal joint not being hollowed out.

5. Genus: Xaiilliopaii R.u.J.

Last palpal joint not hidden beneath the scales of the middle joint, but smooth, distinctly projecting
from it and pointed. The longer one of the two terminal spurs of the hind tibiae is as long as, or longer than
the tibia. Larva unknown.

X. morgani Wkr. (61 b). Forewing varying between olive-brown and red-brown, with blackish transverse morgani.
lines and longitudinal streaks, one of which above and below vein 3 is particularly distinct; at the cross- vein
with a white macula. Hindwing blackish- brown with a round yellow subbasal spot and a similar spot along
the greatest part of the anal margin. Thorax beneath white. West and East Africa. — In praedicta R. ds J ., praedicfa.
from Madagascar, the underside of the thorax is of a pink colour. The proboscis of this race is 22 ]/, mm long;
the species thus represents that lepidopteron the presence of which in Madagascar has been predicted by
Wallace, because the blossoms of Angraecum sesquipedale can only be deprived of their honey
by a form provided with such a long proboscis; he found that X. morgani almost met this requirement, and
Rothschild and Jordan, on discovering this Madagassic race, ascertained that it was the ,,predicted“ one.

6. Genus: Panogeiisi R. u. J.

Near to Xanthopan, but the last palpal joint hidden beneath the scales of the middle joint. Pulvillus
between the two last claws of the tarsi strongly developed, anterior tibiae spined, posterior tibiae with middle
and terminal spurs. Paronychial appendages (without the claws) on each side composed of 2 threads. Larvae
unknown.

P. jasmini Bsdv. (= chromapteris Stir.) (61 b). Forewing varying from a brownish grey to bluish grey, jasmini.
at the cross- vein a white spot surrounded by dark, transverse lines and longitudinal streaks blackish. Hindwing
in the basal third yellow, outside blackish brown, sometimes basally lighter, towards the yellow basal area
defined by a black transverse line which does not exhibit any posterior expansion or projection. Middle tibiae
with thorns. Madagascar.

P. lingens Btlr. (61 b). Forewing mostly more brownish, in the hindwing the black median band is lingcns.
extended into a dent directed towards the base, distally to it a distinct yellow transverse stripe. Extreme
base black. Middle tibiae without thorns. Madagascar, rarer than jasmini.

7. Genus: Poliana R. u. J.

Separated from the preceding genus by the unspined anterior tibiae. Paronychium on each side only
with a plain lobe. Proboscis not longer than the body, anterior tarsi with short thorns. The stalk of veins 6
and 7 on the hindwing is longer than the adjoining part of the cross- vein below it (as far as vein 5). Larvae
unknown, a purely African genus, though 1 species is described from Cambodia.

P. buchholzi Pliz. (61 c) (= laucheana Drc., weiglei Mschlr.), Forewing greyish- white, more or less buchholzi.
powdered with rusty brown, with a few such transverse lines, in the centre 3 black dentate transverse stripes,
basad to them a rusty brown area around the white macula at the cross- vein. Marginal area more or less
chalk-coloured, with a blackish dentate submarginal line. Black longitudinal streaks between veins 2 and 4
are absent. Hindwing blackish-brown, with 2 indistinct darker suhmarginal transverse lines, and a whitish
brightening near the base and before the anal margin. Anterior tibiae outside at the end with a distinct thorn.

West Africa, a very rare species. ■ — The East-African race: marmorata Fawc. (61 d) is darker, the antemedian marmoraia.
line more distinct and blackish, the postdiscal band divided into larger spots, the antemedian line on the posterior
edge of the cell projecting more distad. Masongaleni, East Africa.

P. micra R. A J. is allied to buchholzi , in the habitus similar to Praedora marshalli, the first tarsal joint micra.
of the hind legs not longer than the following ones together (in the preceding species one and a half times as
long). The antemedian and discal lines of the forewing united in the centre as in Pr. marshalli, otherwise
similar to buchholzi. Length of fore wing: 21 mm. Ganale, East Africa.

P. natalensis Btlr. (= spei Btlr.) (61 c). Forewing with blackish longitudinal streaks between veins 2 natalensis.
and 4, of a variable colouring, almost blackish or bluish white-grey, postdiscally often lighter chalk-coloured.

First tarsal joint of hind legs twice as long as the two following ones together. Larger than the preceding ones.

South Africa. 1 specimen from Cameroon. — The species is very similar to the Indian P silogramma menephron Or.

360

TABORIBIA; PEMBA; DOVANIA; LOMOCYMA. By Dr. M. H bring.

for ax.

ivintgensi.

favillacea.

jordani.

oneili.

poccila.

neumanni.

The East African race ferax R. <b J . (61 c) shows more distinctly contrasting blacker markings, a broader
lateral stripe of the thorax, the apex of the tegulae more or less edged with black like the yell ow spots at the end
of the thorax, larger black abdominal spots. Ground-colour of wings on the whole darker.

8. Genus: Tafooribia Strd.

Very closely allied to Poliana, but the anterior tibiae with thorns. Separated from Pemba, the anterior
portion of the cross- vein in the hindwing hardly longer than the posterior portion. Only 1 species:

T. wintgensi Sir d . (61 d). Scheme of markings almost similar to that of Poliana buchholzi, but the
ground-colour of the forewing chocolate, the space between the discal and postdiscal lines more red-brown:
transverse lines blackish, bordered with white, the submarginal zigzag line only at the interior side -white.
Tabora, German East Africa. Rothschild and Jordan consider this species to be a race of Poliana buchholzi
and place marmorata Fawc. to it as synonym; Strand’s $-paratype probably does not belong to the £ type,
because the anterior tibiae of the latter are distinctly spined.

9. Genus: Pemba R. u. J.

Anterior tibiae with thorns, the longer terminal spur of the hind tibiae longer than half the first tarsal
joint. Cross-vein in the hindwing very slanting, its anterior portion about twice as long as the posterior portion.

P„ favillacea Wkr. (= distant! R. <£• J.) (61 d). Fore wing ashy grey, one indistinct dark grey costal
spot each at % and opposite the cell-end, then two indistinct, shadow-like, grey parallel transverse bands, a
distinct narrow black line from the margin from the end of vein 8 towards the base, curved as far as below
vein 7, then continued as a straight longitudinal streak. Two fine black longitudinal streaks between veins 2
and 4. Hindwing unicoloured blackish-grey. East Africa, very rare.

P. jordani Joic. & Talb. (<$ = cardinalli Tams) (61 d) is a smaller species. <$.; forewing whitish grey
with costal spots as in favillacea, similar longitudinal streaks between veins 2 and 4, at this place the discal
lines are distinct, widened and darker. The line from the apex indistinct. At the anal angle a dark spot. Hindwing
white with a brown marginal spot at the anal angle. Under surface light grey. $ : wings broader, forewing
darker, the space between the posterior angle of the cell and the tornus filled with dark brown, a similar costal
spot before the apex, from the latter proceeds a fine dark line. Hindwing and under surface brown. West Africa.

P. oneili Chirk. Body above grey, abdomen at the base with a laterally black, centrally yellow band,
the tergits with yellow bands dusted with brown, abdomen beneath white. Forewing light grey, dusted with
black, a black irregular subbasal band at the costal margin, 5 mm broad, narrowing down towards the inner
margin. Another 8-shaped postdiscal band composed of 2 narrow crescentiform lines, the space between them
grey. Between veins 3 and 4 a narrow black shadow traversing this grey filling. In the ajiex a black oblique
streak 3 mm long. Under surface unicoloured light brown, with a feeble postmedian transverse band. Hindwing
above unicoloured light grey; beneath light brown with a similar transverse stripe as on the forewing. Expanse
about 65 mm. Rhodesia.

10. Genus: ilovaeiia R. u. J.

Between the tarsal claws there is no pul villus; the paronychium has on each side a lobe, the anterior
tibiae only at the ends spined, not on their whole lengths.

D. poecila R. & J. (61 e). Body brown, abdomen with pale yellow belts which are above interrupted
by blackish, beneath unicoloured red- brown. Forewing red-brown with interspersed bluish-white scales, the
slightly curved antemedian and median lines as well as the discal line, which is more distally bent, darker;
from the apex a chalk- coloured undulating line extends to vein 6. Hindwing brownish-red, at the anal margin
blackish. Under surface red-brown. Central and East Africa.

D. neumanni Jord. Smaller than poecila, abdomen blackish-olive, without distinct belts, beneath
blackish olive brown. Forewing similar to that of poecila, blackish-olive, intensely mixed with bluish-white
scales, base dark, at % two black transverse lines, curved at the ends; stigma pale yellow, disc with a black,
somewhat S-shaped transverse stripe, distally to it a pale line with blue scales. Before the apex a triangular
black spot, distally defined by a white line. Hindwing not rusty red but olive brown. Expanse: 52 mm
South-West Abyssinia.

11. Genus: LdOinoeyina R. u. J.

Anterior tibiae without thorns, last tarsal joint with a paronychium which is on each side extended
into 2 threads; the longer terminal spur of the hind tibiae 4/5 °f the length of the following first tarsal joint.
Pulvillus between the tarsal claws distinct. Eyes provided with cilia. Only in Madagascar.

Publ. 20. XL 1927.

OLIGOGRAPHA; PRAEDORA. By Dr. M. Hering.

361

L. oegrapha Mob. (61 e). Forewing dark blackish-brown, the lighter antemedian hne indistinct; the oegrapha.
postmedian line distally convex, composed of a row of small spots one of which is above and beneath each
vein. At the margin some short pinkish-grey internerval streaks. Easily recognisable by a pinkish-grey
longitudinal patch between veins 5 and 7, proceeding from the margin, occupying % of the wing, and extending
almost half-way to the cell. Hindwing blackish, also with traces of pinkish-grey irroration. Both wings beneath
the same, with a marked postmedian line of short black vein-streaks, Madagascar, very rare. In the habitus
similar to American species of Dilophonota.

12. Genus: Oligograplia R. u. J .

Last tarsal joint with a pulvillus, but the paronychium on each side only with a filiform appendage.

Anterior tibiae without spines; last antennal joint very short. A purely African genus.

0. juniperi Bsdv. (= juniperae Menetr.) (61 f). Forewing bluish-grey, at the costal margin 3 or 4 juniper i.
blackish shadow-like spots. The blackish postmedian line only from vein 4 posteriorly distinct, composed of
crescents, followed by dots towards the margin, towards the base feebly and towards the margin on the veins
distinctly bordered with white; before the margin very fine dark vein-streaks. From the apex a somewhat
curved black oblique streak. Cross-vein with a fine white dot. Hindwing blackish-brown. Fringes speckled.

South and South-East Africa.

0. mosambiquensis Joic. & Kaye, differs from juniperi in the brown, not grey ground-colour of the mosambi-
forewings which are narrower, with distinct dark streaks on and between the veins. The white spot on the quens-
cross-vein is larger. Delagoa Bay.

13. Genus: Hop] is! opus R. u. J.

Last antennal joint long, anterior tibiae without thorns, first joint of anterior tarsus with 3 strong
thorns. First joint of anterior tarsus as long as the follewing ones together, the longer terminal spur of the
hind tibia % of the first tarsal joint. Pulvillus present, paronychium on each side with an appendage.

H. penricei R. & J . (61 f). Wings above and beneath unicoloured blackisli-grey, fore wing above penricei.
somewhat darker, abdomen with a subdorsal and a lateral row of spots. Angola, Damaraland, German South
West Africa, Betchuanaland, probably still farther distributed.

H. butti R. & J . (61 f). Much lighter than penricei, whitish-grey, tegulae with a black upper edge, buiii.
Fore wing with black streaks in the cell and in the disc between the veins, 2 or 3 postmedian parallel transverse
lines, the third usually only composed of a spot before the inner margin ; from the apex a black oblique streak.

Cape Colony.

14. Genus: ILithospliiiigia Jord.

Allied to the preceding genus, but the anterior tibiae with 2 lateral strong thorns, middle tibiae without

thorns.

L. corticea Jord. Body blackish-grey, patagia whitish-grey, abdomen only with a black dorsal line, coriicea.
Fore wing at the tornus more roundish than in butti. Grey, dusted with blackish. Fore wing with a whitish-grey
streak from the base below the cell as far as vein 2, behind bordered by a black longitudinal line which is
somewhat longer. In the cell a median line and the veins black. In the disc between veins 2 and 4 two black
internerval streaks. From the apex to vein 6 two black dots, forming an oblique streak. Between veins 6 and 5
a black longitudinal line, extending almost from the cell nearly to the margin. Veins submarginally with
whitish-grey shadows. Hindwing blackish-grey, towards the abdomen paler, veins fine black. Length of forewing :

24 mm. Southern Rhodesia.

15. Genus: Praedora R. u. J .

Separated from the preceding genera by the presence of thorns on the anterior and middle tibiae. The
longer terminal spur of the hind tibiae more than *4 the length of the 1st tarsal joint.

P. marshalli R. & J. (61 f). Forewing grey, particularly in the basal third; some undulating antemedian marshalli.
lines, two S-shaped discal lines, a postdiscal zigzag line, a few submarginal angular spots, and a crescent before
the apex blackish. Cross-vein with a white spot surrounded by black. Hindwing greyish-brown, towards the
margin darker. South-East and East Africa. — In tropicalis R. & J. (61 f) the blackish-brown markings of Iropicalis.
the forewing are more extensive, the grey colour disappears, the ground-colour looks reddish-brown. Antemedian
and discal lines connected by a more or less extensive spot of blackish irroration at least below the cell ; between
the discal and postdiscal lines a band of a light brown colouring, the submarginal angular spots sharp and
distinct. Hindwing more uniformly dark with traces of 2 transverse shadowy bands. Uganda.

XIV

46

362

ELLENBECKIA; BATOCNEMA; BHADINOPASA; LIBYOCLANIS. By Dr. M. Heking.

plagiata. P. plagiata R. J . Forewing grey, feebly reddish, with a large brownish-black spot in the centre.

Before the centre 3 indistinct transverse lines, beyond the discal spot two more transverse lines and an oblique
spot before the apex. Hindwing greyish-brown, basally paler, kinder surface cinnamon-brown with 3 very
indistinct parallel transverse lines. Expanse: 60 mm. Tanganyika.
leucophaea. P. leucophaea R. & J . (61 f). Forewing brownish whitish-grey; antemedian and discal lines double,

brown, the spaces between them filled up, both being distally convex; a double postdiscal line and a submargial
line of angular spots. Some indistinct subbasal lines, a white stigma. Hindwing brownish-grey. $ mostly
less distinctly marked. British East Africa, Betchuanaland.

16. Genus: J^llenbeckia R. u.J.

Anterior tibiae with thorns, middle tibiae without thorns, the spurs of the posterior tibiae short. Pulvillus
and paronychium entirely absent.

monospila. E. monospila R. ch J. Body smoky grey, beneath almost white, without markings. Forewing above

grey, without transverse lines, with thin black longitudinal streaks in the cell, one each on veins 3 to 6 from the
cell half-way to the margin, and one on the basal half of vein 1 ; a small black stigma on the cross- vein, a round
black spot before the tornus below vein 2. Hindwing basally whitish-grey, towards the margin darker, veins
in the discal area deeper brown. Under surface greyish-white. Expanse: 45 mm. East Africa.

Subfamily: Ambulicinae.

Last antennal joint short, above densely scaled.

17. Genus: ISatociiema R. u.J.

Middle tibiae without thorns, hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, anterior tibiae ending in a distinct thorn,
frenulum present. Apex of forewing truncate, somewhat emarginated.
cocquereli. B. cocquereli Bsdv. (61 e). Forewing with 4 darker spots at the costal margin, hindwing with a uniformly

broad dark marginal band and 2 dark transverse lines before it. In the nomenclatural race from Madagascar
comorana. the ground-colour of the hindwing is chrome-coloured, in the Comoro-race: comorana R. <£• J. orange-yellow;

the latter race has shorter and broader wings, the light areas of the fore wing are more pinkish tan-coloured.
The basal spot at the costal margin is smaller, the brown submarginal line is less curved, rather straight between
veins 3 and 7. In a form from the Isle of Aldabra the forewing shows a fifth costal-marginal spot in the centre
of the last third, the dark marginal band of the hindwing ends at vein 7 and does not reach to the costal margin:
alddbrensis. aldabrensis Auriv.

africana. B. africana Dist. (61 e). Forewing with but two dark spots at the costal margin, hindwing sulphur-

coloured, with a marginal band narrowing down very much from the apex posteriorly, and a greenish-brown
hook from the tornus. Transvaal, German East Africa.

18. Genus: Rliacliuopasa Karsch ( Rhadinopsis Ky.).

Anterior tibiae without thorns, not terminating in a thorn, hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, middle
tibiae without thorns; hind tarsi half as long as the cell of the hindwing; the claw-joint of the tarsi with a
pulvillus, the first joint of the anterior tarsus normal with long spurs. Frenulum present. Apex of forewing
roundishly truncate.

hornimani. Rh. hornimani Drc. ( = udei Karsch.) (62 a). Forewing olive green, with 2 silvery grey transverse bands

crossed by green lines and being convergent behind. Hindwing brownish-red, towards the margin darker, the
discal lines in front indistinctly waved. West Africa.

19. Genus: liibyoclaiiis R. u. J.

Middle tibiae with thorns at the apex, hind tibiae with 1 or 2 pair of spurs, the longer one of them
is shorter than the first tarsal joint, twice as long as the shorter one which is somewhat shorter than the width
of the tibia, pulvillus and paronychium present, the latter on each side with 2 appendages. Frenulum present.
The margin of the wings is not indented. The genus differs from the Indian Clanis in its smaller palpi and
shorter spurs of the middle tibiae.

bicolor. L. bicolor Roth-sch. (62 b). Forewing unicoloured reddish-brown, with a darker brown spot at the apex,

without any other marking. Hindwing dark pinkish-red. Beneath the basal half of the forewing is pinkish red;
from the base of the cell a dark brown line to the apex of the wing; hindwing with a pinkish red spot at the
anal angle, Body reddish-brown. Middle tibiae without a white streak on the upper side. Expanse: 96 mm.
Sierra Leone.

karschi. L. karschi R. & J . (62 a). Forewing with a strongly produced apex, olive green with 2 or 3 brownish-

green antemedian lines; in the basal half dusted with dark grey, also in a spot below the costal margin and
one at the costal margin before the apex. Stigma small and white. Hindwing pinkish red, at the margin broad
olive brown, with a round black basal spot. Fore wing beneath of a bright olive green, basally-centrally pink,
costal-marginal spot and marginal spot greyish- white. Hindwing beneath paler, with a red spot along the anal

PSEUDOCLANIS; PLATYSPHINX. By Dr. M. Hering.

363

margin and three green transverse lines. Cameroon. — The race from Sierra Leone, bainbridgei R. & .J . is bainbridgei.
distinguished by greyer transverse lines in the forewing, a pale band across the cross-vein, a small red basal
dot at the inner margin. In the hindwing the costal margin is creamy white, beneath only with 2 transverse lines.

L. pun c turn Rothsch. Allied to L. bicolor , forewing tan-coloured, a thin blackish line from the apex to punctum.
vein 4, a distinct blackish-brown dot below the costal margin, about 6 mm distant from the apex. Apex pointed,
the margin below it somewhat indented; inner margin at the base pink. Hindwing pink, the lightest below
the cell, anal margin cream-coloured, tornus shaded with cinnamon-brown. Forewing beneath with a central-
basal pink colouring, the slanting apical line, though not the dot distinct. Expanse 70 mm. Mashonaland.

L. major R. & J. (62 a) has broader wings than L. bicolor and punctum, with a dot below the costal major.
margin of the forewing before the apex. Forewing brownish, paler than the thorax, shaded with purple grey,
with two antemedian parallel transverse lines which ai*e more slanting than in bicolor. A stripe from the apex
to vein 4, an indistinct double line from distally to the lower cell-angle to the inner margin, a similar one more
towards the margin. Marginal area shaded with purple grey, except in the posterior portion which is more
cinnamon-brown. The subapical dot is proximad shaded with purple grey. Distal margin below the apex
concave, then convex. Hindwing reddish cinnamon-coloured, anal margin tan-coloured. Beneath yellowish
tan-coloured; basal half in the forewing and anal margin of hindwing reddish cinnamon-brown, distal area of
forewing grey and shaded with blackish, apex with a blackish costal-marginal cloud, both wings with 2 shortened
discal lines. Expanse: 100 — 120 mm. Sierra Leone.

L. vicina R. & J . (62 b). Separated from major by narrower wings and a longer cell (in the forewing vicina.
as long as, in the hindwing longer than vein 4). Margin of forewing less convex, that of hindwing quite straight,
edged with blackish tan-colour. A smaller species. Expanse up to 80 mm. Nigeria, Congo.

L. metria Jord. differs from vicina in the margin of the forewing not being concave below the apex, mctria.
the slanting line from the apex being absent, with brownish ochreous fringes. Hindwing carmine, anal margin
and part of the distal margin pale brownish- white. Expanse 75 mm. Rhodesia.

L. hollandi Clark (62 b). Forewing with a produced apex as in karschi ; wood-coloured brown with a hollandi.
lighter shading, basal half light red-brown which colour extends at the inner margin almost to the tornus.

From the apex a dark line proceeds, being sharply angular on vein 5 and extending to vein 4. Cross-vein with
a black stigma. In the discal area 2 indistinct darker transverse lines. Hindwing dark wood-coloured, anal
margin broad pink. In the forewing beneath the line from the apex is prolonged to vein 2; in the hindwing
beneath likewise] a dark streak from the apex. Expanse : 1 15 mm. (This species may be the $ of Pliylloxiphia
oberthueri R. & J. ?).

20. Genus: Psemloclaiiis Rothsch.

Middle tibiae with thorns, hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs; paronychium, pulvillus and frenulum present.

Hindwing yellow, reddish, or pinkish-grey with a large black basal spot.

Ps. grandidieri Mab. (= watersi Btlr., semnus Karsch ) (62 c). Forewing lighter or darker pinkish-grey, grandidieri.
with a dark dot near the base, a narrower and a broader antemedian band, a discal and postdiscal band darker,
a darker stigma and marginal area. Hindwing pinkish-grey, with a black basal spot and a black postdiscal
band. Madagascar. — In com or an a R. <£• J. the ajrex of the forewing is less falciform, and it shows blackish comorana.
submarginal vein-spots. In the hindwing the black band is more proximal, narrower than the marginal area,
indented by the veins. Comoro Is.

Ps. postica Wkr. (62 c). Forewing varying between very light and dark brownish olive, with or without postica.
darker transverse lines. Hindwing yellow, with a narrow black transverse stripe and a black basal spot. In
the nomenclatural race the distal margin of the forewing is in both sexes somewhat convex between the veins 2
and 6; the postdiscal band of the hindwing is mostly interrupted, sometimes only composed of dots. Cape and
East Africa. — The form pallida Closs has quite pale unmarked forewings with but a small dot before the apex, pallida.
and a very much reduced band on the hindwing. — In Abyssinia flies abyssinicus Lucas (= bianchii Obtlir.) abyssinicus.
with thinner and more distinct lines of the forewing. — In occidentalis R. & J . the margin of the forewing is occidentalis.
convex only in the $, in the £ quite straight, the black band of the hindwing mostly complete. Sierra Leone
to Congo. — In diana Gehlen the forewing above is Reseda-green, distally olive green; inner margin broad diana.
brownish pink. Hinclwing above of a brighter orange, abdominal area brownish-pink, at the distal margin
above the tornus a green spot. Windhook, German South-West Africa. — Larva yellowish-green, head on
each side with a vertical light yellow streak. Body with a yellowish dorsal and subdorsal line; beginning from
the 4th segment with a yellow oblique streak on each segment. Stigmata light blue. Horn rather long, slightly
curved backward. The imago is said to be able to produce a sound similar to that of the death's head moth.

21. Genus: Platysplslux R. u. J.

Hind tibiae with but 1 pair of spurs, middle tibiae with thorns, anterior tibiae not terminating in a
thorn, apex of forewing not produced.

P. constrigilis Wkr. (62 d). Forewing olive green, darker are inside the antemedian and median lines, constrigilis.
the latter very oblique, uniting with a broader discal band, a postdiscal undulate line. Between vein 2 and 3

364

LEPTOCLANIS; LEUCOPHLEBIA ; POLYPTYCHUS. By Dr. M. Hering.

near its origin a short dark transverse streak. Costal margin before and behind the discal band more or less
extensively whitish, before the apex a bluish-white lunar spot at the costal margin. Hindwing ochreous,
irrigated with blackish, with 2 or 3 brownish-red transverse lines and similar irrigation, basal spot black.
Hindwing beneath with predominantly whitish scales. In the typical race the 10th abdominal sternit before
the apex roundishly expanded in the <$, the ventral valval appendage, on looking at it from beneath, seems
to be strongly bent inward. In the $ the appendage at the side of the vaginal opening is thin and narrowed.
vicaria. Niger to Congo. — In vicaria Jord. the 10 th sternit is in the thin, at the apex hardly expanded, the ventral
valval appendage hardly bent, longer and thinner. In the $ the appendage at the side of the vaginal opening
is basally broad, distally very much narrowed. Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, and Ivory Coast, Nigeria.

The following 3 species, characterized by the absence of white dusting on the hindwing beneath, may
be only races of one species; they replace each other geographically and are only to be ascertained by the
distinctions at the genital organs, with a most variable colouring and marking.

phyllis. P. phyllis R. J . (62 e). $ . The 10th abdominal tergit is broader than in the following species, its

apical indentation wider, the apical valval appendages are much shorter. $ : vaginal plate behind the vaginal
opening on each side with a finger-shaped curved appendage. Erom Senegal to the Niger.

stigmatica. P. stigmatica Mob. (= conspersa Dwtz.) (62 d). Valves with a long appendage at the end of the upper

edge. vaginal plate without a curved finger-shaped appendage. Niger to North Angola.

piabilis. P. piabills Dist. <$: terminal appendage of the valve with Short and strong thorns; $ vaginal plate

similar to that of stigmatica, postvaginal plate smaller and less chitinised. From Rhodesia to the south. A
bourkei. conspicuous form of it is bourkei Trim. (62 e) in which the forewing is almost unicoloured brown, the hindwing
red with a black apical spot and a brown anal margin.

22. Genus: I^epfoclanis R. u. J.

Middle tibiae spinecl, hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, paronychium absent, separated by the latter mark
from all the similar genera.

basalis. L. basalis Wkr. (= virgo Ww.) (62 e). Forewing ochreous yellowish-grey, with more or less dark trans¬

verse irrigations, two darker antemedian transverse stripes strongly divergent behind, the distal one of which
extends very obliquely towards vein 2, two parallel postmedian transverse stripes, the distal one being sometimes
undulated. Cross-vein with a dark stigma. Hindwing more intensely speckled, with a red basal spot. Zambesi,
German East Africa.

pulchra. L. pulclira R. & J. Forewing cream-coloured; a subbasal spot at the inner margin, a triangular spot

at the cell-end, a triangle at the costal margin at the apex, and 2 spots distally to the lower cell-end olive green,
the latter widened at the margin; an antemedian and 2 discal transverse lines are darker. Veins in the marginal
area creamy. Hindwing in the basal two thirds red, then snow-white, shaded with olive green, with two thin
discal lines. Expanse: 60 mm. Mashonaland, Angola.

23. Genus: liencoplBlebia Ww. (=Rasphele Bsdv.).

Middle tibiae spined, hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, paronychium and pulvillus present, forewing with
a broad yellow longitudinal streak, otherwise pink; hindwing yellow. Two species in the Indian, three in the
African region.

afra.. L. afra Karsch (62 f). Body above pink, beneath dark red like the front portion of the head. Abdomen

with black-yellow bands. Forewing with a yellow stigma. Old Calabar to Angola. Here the dorsal appendage
xanthopis. of the valves is small, the ventral one at the end bicuspid. — In xanthopis Hmps. (62 f) the dorsal valval append¬
age is also small, the ventral one at the end more pointed, the light stripe of the forewing broad, distally on
edentata. the veins extended in dents. Congo, German East Africa, Uganda, — In edentata R. & J. (62 e) the dorsal
appendage is very large, the ventral valval appendage at the end broadly rounded, not dentate; vertex crearn-
rosulenta. coloured. Gold Coast to Nigeria. — - In rosulenta R. & J . the upper valval appendage is small, the lower dentate
as in xanthopis, the head unicoloured. The strijoe of the forewing is narrower than in xanthopis, not distally
dentate, the stigma isolated. It is the race from the German East-African Coast and from the Zambesi.

neumanni. L. neumanni Rothsch. Larger than the preceding species, body quite rosy red, thorax above with a

yellow central streak, middle and hind tibiae without cream-colour (as in the Indian species). Fore wing with
a deep yellow median streak which is less broad in the centre, at the end more distinctly dentate. Stigma smaller
hindwing more oblong. Expanse 50 mm. Southern Abyssinia, Akoba R.

24. Genus: Polyptychus Hhn. (=Andriasa Wkr., Pseudo smerintlius Btlr., Deviizia Holt.)

All the tibiae spined, hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs; pulvillus, paronychium, and frenulum present.
The long terminal spur of the hind tibia is distinctly shorter than the first tarsal joint. A genus containing

POLYPTYCHUS. By Dr. M. Hering.

365

a vast number of species with different kinds of elements, which must probably be divided later on; 'the larva
is known of but few species; it shows the type of that of Sphinx ocellata. Numerous species in Africa and
Madagascar, but few in the Indian region.

P. grayi Wkr. (63 a). Forewing with an undulatingly dentate margin, varying between grey and brownish,
with transverse lines and a stigma, and a subbasal dot or streak; the latter is large, double or fused in the
typical form ; the first discal line is almost quite straight, the darkened marginal area 'does not extend to the
tornus, the ground-colour is more brownish-grey. Cape Colony and British and German East Africa. - — In
niloticus Jord., from the White Nile, the undulate line across the cell-end is absent, and between the discal line
and the submarginal line there is no undulate line. Fringes of hindwings not speckled.

P. assimilis R. <b J. (62 f). Forewing narrower, more bluish-grey, the 1 st discal line curved, the dark
marginal area almost extends to the interior angle. Betchuanaland, German South-West Africa.

P. digitatus Karsch (62 f) is separated from assimilis by the forewing showing instead of the subbasal
dot a short transverse line; the first two antemedian lines being almost parallel in assimilis are here convergent
in front, the brown marginal area at the costal margin is broader, the postdiscal line hardly bent. West Africa,
from Angola to Cameroon and Spanish Guinea.

P. erosus Jord. (65 b). Similar to digitatus, the space between the two antemedian lines is filled with
dark, the discal line is single, behind it shaded with dark, the postdiscal line undulating, the dark marginal
area similarly reduced as in grayi, but at the costal margin somewhat broader. German East Africa.

P. virescens Btlr. (63 a) is easily recognisable by the green forewings. They are light greyish green, with
indistinct darker olive green transverse lines. The first 3 antemedian ones are indistinctly undulated; from the
cross-vein towards the margin a darker, more distinct straight one, then 3 more being indistinct; the submarginal
line is indicated by dark dots on the veins; fringes dark brown. The 2nd and 3rd as well as the 4th and
5th are united into bands by the spaces between them being filled up. Hindwing greyish-brown, at the anal
angle and distal margin above it one dark spot each proximad bordered with light. Under surface of both
wings greenish, basal half of therforewing mostly brown like the marginal area which is more or less dusted
with whitish; 'hindwing with 4 olive transverse lines being grey towards the anal margin. Gold Coast, Congo.
Rare.

P. trisecta Auriv. (63 a). Distal margin of forewing straight, forewing reddish-grey with a short subbasal
line, a strong first and feeble second antemedian line, both being convergent in front; discal and postdiscal lines
straight and parallel, at the tornus a dark spot. Apex pointedly produced, like the hindwing at the anal angle.
Congo.

P. orthographus R. J . (63 a). Forewing in the basal half brown, dusted with whitish, the same at the
margin, with straw-colour between; all the lines straight, 2 antemedian ones and two postmedian ones, a dark
spot before the tornus and a dot at the cross-vein. Hindwing with a darker marginal and basal area and 2
transverse lines. $ above and beneath darker, in the forewing the margin is convex, the apex produced.

P. poliades R. J. Near to orthographus, pinkish-grey with a dark dorsal stripe on the thorax. Subbasal
line thin, short, a more distinct line at at the costal margin curved, a double antemedian line being curved
in front, behind and in the middle, the space between being brown; the straight discal line at the costal margin
more proximal than in orthographus. The dark spot before the anal angle is absent. Hindwing darker than forewing,
at the anal angle grey, with traces of a brown median line and a streak before the anal angle. Expanse : 66 mm.
Ashanti.

P. carteri Btlr. (63 b). <$ with a straight, $ with a convex margin of the forewing. Forewing grey or
brownish-grey, a yellow stigma surrounded by dark, 2 or 3 transverse lines before the centre and 2 behind it,
the last being only distinct in front; conspicuous are a large dark brown subbasal spot and a similar one at
the tornus. Hindwing similarly coloured. Tornus projecting, with 2 distinct brown spots. Sierra Leone to
Cameroon.

P. goodi Holt. Forewing at the margin s innately dentate, fawn-coloured, basally with a pink hair-tuft,
with a dark subbasal and 2 discal transverse bands, the exterior one being irregular and sinuate ; stigma black,
filled with white. Then follow 2 more, parallel lines, at last another submarginal line which disappears at vein 3
in a spot of blackish-blue scales. Hindwing creamy white at the costal margin, light brown at the anal margin,
anal angle and fringes, otherwise deep pinkish-red. Expanse: 110 mm. But one 2 known from the Ogove R.

P. pygarga Karsch (63 b). Forewing in the A mouse-coloured, in the $ brown; stigma yellow, surrounded
by brown; $ with, $ without a dark subbasal dot, transverse lines indistinct. Hindwing varying between grey
and brown with 2 dark dots before the tornus and a dark longitudinal stripe before the anal margin. In the
type the margin of the forewing is straight (West Africa), whereas in corsvexa R. <£■ J. it is convex between
vein 5 and the tornus, and the body and wings are here more pink. Tanganyika.

P. olivolinea Joic. & Kaye is allied to pygarga, with olive-brown markings: an antemedian transverse
band, being narrowed in the centre, before it 2 thin subbasal transverse lines. On the centre of the inner margin
an olive trapezoid spot extending to vein 4. Marginal area pale olive grey, bordered between vein 4 and 6 by

grayi.

niloticus.

assimilis.

digitatus.

erosus.

virescens.

trisecta.

ortho¬

graphus.

poliades.

carteri.

goodi.

pygarga.

convexa.

olivolinea .

366

POLYPTYCHUS. By Dr. M. Hering.

a curved darker olive line. Apex dark yellowish- olive. Hindwing blackish-brown, with a dark spot at the
tornus and dark fringe-dots at vein 2 — 3, under surface yellowish-olive, base rather grey, with 5 transverse
lines. Cameroon.

affinis. P» affinis R. <£■ J . (63 c) differs from pygarga in the following parts: head and thorax with a dark dorsal

line, forewing invariably with a dark brown subbasal dot. Hind tibiae above from the base to the apex greyish-
white. Cameroon.

murinus. P. murinus Rothsch. (63 c) differs from affinis in the absence of white scales at the abdominal stigmata;

ground-colour of wings greyer similar as in grayi, the lines sharper and more distinct. Congo, Cameroon.

lapidatus. P. lapidatus Joic. da Kaye. Smaller than the preceding species, the margin of the forewing darker

brown, somewhat less concave, the antemedian and postmedian lines less irregular, the former ending at the
inner margin with a brown dot composed of 2 bows. Postmedian lines feebler, hardly contrasting, only the
spot at the tornus distinct. Anal angle of hindwing less produced, its apex broader, the brown spot at the
tornus prolonged towards the costa. Expanse: 64 mm. West Africa, Coomassie.

enodius. P. enodius [loll. (63 b). Forewing at the margin straight, red-brown with a dark subbasal dot, easily

recognisable by 3 olive grey spots being situate subbasally, at the cross-vein, and at the tornus. Hindwing
with such a spot at the tornus. Ogove River.

falcatus. P. falcatus R. K J. (63 b). Forewing with a double subbasal dot, 2 antemedian lines and 2 or 3 post-

median lines and a submarginal row of dots, all of which are brown, the ground mouse-coloured, the margin
rather straight. Hindwing yellowish-grey with 3 or 4 darker indistinct transverse lines, the extreme line at
the anal angle extended in a sooty black streak. Mashonaland and Spanish Guinea.

cymatodes. P. cymatodes R. da J . Similar to falcatus , larger, antennae shorter and neater; fore wing more falciform.

antemedian lines more broken on the veins; spaces between the discal lines filled with dark, thus forming a
broad band which is strongly indented on the proximal side on the veins. Tornus of hindwing more projecting.
Expanse: 80 mm. Nigeria, Gold Coast.

rhadamistus. P. rhadamistus F. (63 c) is an easily recognisable species. Forewing olive brownish, centrally more

whitish, with a very oblique brown median line, a dark subbasal dot, a brown spot before the apex and at the
tornus. Hindwing brown with a black streak at the tornus and a blackish shadowy spot near the base. Senegal
to Cameroon.

boisduvali. P. boisduvali Auriv. ( = senegalensis Clark) (63 c) differs from rhadamistus in the light grey ground¬

colour, the undulate median transverse line and the dentate distal margin of the forewing. West Africa.

andosus. P. andosus Wkr. (63 b). Forewing with a projecting apex, below it concave, then convex, with or

without 2 subbasal dots, 2 antemedian and 2 postmedian lines and a shadow at the distal margin dark, otherwise
red-brown. Hindwing brownish-red, at the anal angle whitish-grey enclosing a dark brown spot and a streak.
$ mostly more red- brown in the forewing, $ more olive grey. Sierra Leone (German East Africa?).

anochus. P. anochus R. da J . is separated from andosus by pinkisli-grey forewings with cinnamon-brown markings,

the antemedian lines forming a broad band which is just as broad as the following median light interspace,
then follows a dentate line, and from there the whole marginal area is dark and contains a series of indistinct
grey spots. Stigma light grey, subbasal dot small. Hindwing pale brown, anal angle more produced, otherwise
coloured the same as in andosus. Apex of forewing more produced than in the latter and in the following
species. Expanse: 56 mm.XSierra Leone. •>

sudanensis. P. sudanensis Clark differs from the following compar in the larger black basal dot of the forewing, the

unicolonred tan-coloured stigma, beneath with a narrower whitish-grey marginal area and 3 distinct discal
lines. Hindwing with 2 darker spots in the dqrk tornalarea, beneath with 2 dentate postdiscal lines. Expanse:
50 mm. Southern Sudan.

compar. P. compar R. da J. (63 c) is separated from andosa by the following marks: the middle and hind tibiae

are brown, with a distinct white basal dot; forewing more reddish-grey, with but one small basal dot; stigma
light brown in a darker ring; discal lines at the costal margin strongly curved instead of straight, margin
slightly convex. Hindwing reddish-grey, at the anal angle shaded with blackish. East Africa.

consimilis. P. consimilis R. da J . is very similar to compar , but the basal dot of the forewing is larger, the discal

lines are behind less slanting, the margin not convex behind the middle. Hindwing paler, more leather-brown. In
the nomenclatural race the forewing shows a loam-coloured cloud at the distal margin, extended somewhat

ancylus. to the exterior discal line. Abyssinia, Atbara R. — In ancylus R. da J. this cloud at the margin is absent.

prionites. Gold Coast. — In prionites R. da J . (63 d) the lines in the forewing are more distinct than in the other races;
belgica. the dark margin is absent in the present in the $. L. Tsad, Uam District. — belgica Clark is lighter than
the typical form, with a pink tint. Forewing % longer, apex more produced, the subbasal dot larger and more
prominent, beneath the basal and apical areas are strongly contrasting. Hindwing beneath lighter. Expanse
about 60 mm. French Congo.

POLYPTYCHUS. By Dr. M. Hering.

367

P. roseola Clark (63 d). Similar to the <§ of priorities, but more pink. Ground-colour of fore wing light roseola.
pink, markings darker pink; also the hindwing lighter pink. Probably only a race of consimilis. Drench Congo.

P. coryndoni R. & J . (= reussi Strd.) (63 d). Apex of forewing strongly produced, forewing red-brown, coryndoni.
densely dusted with a bluish grey, with 2 often band-shaped antemedian transverse lines and 2 postmedian
ones. Postdiscal line only distinct as a spot before the tornus. $ with a dark subbasal dot. Hindwing brownish
red, at the anal angle light grey, where there are a few dark spots, the margin and veins before them finely
marked with black. East Africa.

P. marshalli R. d? J . Forewing with a pointed though hardly projecting apex, margin entire. Forewing marshalli.
pale pinkish tan-coloured, with 5 darker straight or feebly undulating transverse lines, the 3rd to 5th being
equidistant. Subbasal dot absent. Hindwing more pink, with traces of a median and postdiscal band. Expanse:

50 — 60 mm. Mashonaland.

P. subjectus Wkr. (63 d). Forewing with an almost straight margin, blackish-brown, with a slight pink subjectus.
tint, a double subbasal dot, the first antemedian line uniformly curved, the first discal line quite straight, the
other lines indistinct, a darker spot about in the centre of the margin, a similar one before the tornus. Hindwing
grey, with a darker small spot at the tornus. Fringes unicoloured. Congo.

P. fulgurans R. <£■ J. Forewing pinkish grey, subbasal dot double, margin undulating, hindwing pink fulgurans.
with a shadowy discal line and dark brown spots at the tornus. East Africa.

P. numosae Wallgr. ( — mimosae Wllgr., cytis Drc., consanguineus Dist.). Paler than fulgurans, the numosae.
lines in the basal half more indistinct, the first discal line obliquer. Median line of hindwing situate more
towards the base. Caffraria, Transvaal. Distinguished by distinctly pink body and wings. — In fumosus R. cfb. J. fumosus.

( = pelops Fawc.) (63 e) the body and wings are loam -coloured in the ground. British and German East Africa.

- Still greyer is Hesperus R. &. J . with a feeble pink tint. Under surface paler than in fumosus, discal line hesperus.
of forewing less slanting than in numosae. Rhodesia, German South West Africa.

P. roseus Drc. (= reductus Karsch) (63 e). Similar to fulgurans, but only one subbasal dot in the roseus.
forewing, the course of the lines being different, too. Hindwing more brick-coloured red, the transverse line
not in the middle, but in the prolongation of the tornal spots. Sierra Leone to Cameroon. — In the form nieloui meloui.
Obthr. (63 d) the forewing is shorter and obtuser, without any subbasal dots. Senegal.

P. foliaceus R. & J. ( 63 e). Fore wing at the margin convex, not dentate, reddish-brown, without a basal dot ; foliaceus.
an oblique black line from the costal margin across the cross- vein, indistinctly continued to the tornus, a curved
line at the costal margin before the apex, extending into the apex, enclosing a half-oviform darker costal-
marginal spot. Hindwing pinkish-brown, at the base and anal margin lighter, yellowish; at the tornus a
blackish shadow. S unknown. Frequently found sitting on calices fallen -from Musanga smithi. Togo, Misa Hill.

P. baxteri R. & J. (63 f) has narrower wings than foliaceus, both wings being more suffused with a baxteri.
pinkish purple tint, the first oblique line before the cell-end distinct as far as the tornus, the second terminates
below the apex. Hindwing pink, at the anal margin with a longitudinal spot, and a spot at the tornus, marginal
area shaded somewhat blackish. German East Africa.

P. neavi Hmps. {— martha Closs) (64 e). Forewing brownish-red, veins yellow, cross-vein with a dark neavi.
spot, expanded towards the tornus like a shadow, a triangular dark spot at the costal margin before the apex.

Hindwing orange red, with a blackish spot at the anal angle. Fringes of hindwings red. Rhodesia. — In
burorum Strd. (63 f) the wings are of a less bright colouring, the median band of the forewing and the spot at burorum.
the anal angle of the hindwing are sometimes only indicated. Fringes of hindwings ochreous. Transvaal.

P. calcareus R. &. J. differs from necivei in the median band of the fore wing being only traceably present calcareus.
and in the blackish fringes of both wings. German East Africa, Nyassa Land.

P. contrarius Wkr. ($ = submarginalis Wkr.) (63 f). In the marking and colouring very variable, contrarius.
Subbasal dot of forewing small or absent; lines not always distinct, the postdiscal line most distinct; hindwing
varying between pale yellowish and red-brown. In the nomenclatural race the margin of the S forewing is
convex, the discal line of the hindwing beneath is quite near the cell, straight. Submarginal vein-dots of the hindwing
in a uniform dark line. $ with a produced apex of the forewing. Natal and East Africa. — In submarginalis submargi-
Wkr. (63 f) (= suffusus Wkr., adansoniae Bsdv., pechueli Deivtz., marginalis Btlr., perpallidus Holl.) the <$ has
a straight margin of the forewing, a curved discal line being remote from the cell in the hindwing, and the
narrow postdiscal line on the hindwing above is dentate. — The Erithraea-race diffusus R. <£■ J. is intermediary diffusus.
between the two races; <$ above and beneath without transverse lines, with dark fringes and a shadow at the
margin which is narrowed towards the apex. Hindwing pale reddish-brown, the extreme margin, but not the
fringe, before the tornus blackish; at the latter 1 or 2 black dots. $ with traces of 2 antemedian lines and 1
discal line with a subapical black dot and submarginal vein-dots. Hindwing with a feeble median transverse
line without submarginal dots. — The form objedus Strd. is nothing else but a very light and small $ of objectus.
submarginalis Wkr.

P. retusus R. & J . (63 f). Forewing narrower than in contrarius, the margin being concave, the apex retusus.
produced. Hindwing blackish, fringes without spots. Thorax with a dark median streak. Sierra Leone,

Cameroon.

368

POLYPTYCHUS. By Dr. M. Hering.

spurelli.

barnsi.

nigriplaga.

kivui.

pauper-

culus.

senniger.

hollandi.

inconspicu ~

te , «*•

mutatus.

meander.

brevis.

delicatus.

kindunus.

amabilis.

occidens.

molitor.

laatus.

erlangeri.

P. spurelli R. & J . is like retusus, the thorax without a dorsal streak, forewing somewhat broader, the
apex less produced. In the copulation-organ very different. Gold Coast.

P. barnsi Clark. Apex of forewing not produced. Fore wing cinnamon-coloured, with a small black
subbasal dot. Stigma small, pink. Subbasal and antemedian lines feeble, irregular, between the two post¬
median lines a darker area, distally to the moon-spotted submarginal line the marginal area is darker, in it a
series of vein-dots. Hindwing of a pinkish cinnamon-colour, at the anal angle darkened as in nigriplaga.
Expanse: 60 — 70 mm. Escarpment, to the west of Boga, at an altitude of 3500 — 4000 ft., in July.

P. nigriplaga R. & J . (63 g). Similar to submar ginalis, with more distinct, browner markings, the
discal lines in the fore wing united into a band, subbasal dot large and distinct; stigma pale brown. Hindwing
brownish-grey, at the anal margin, distal margin and base lighter, with 2 dark spots before the anal angle and
a dark longitudinal streak before the anal margin on the anal fold. Cameroon, Congo. $ still unknown. —
kivui Clark, from West Kivu (at an altitude of 5 — 6000 ft.), is darker brown, with more distinct markings,
wherefore the lepidopteron appears to be more variegated. Hindwing above distinctly darker; forewing at
the apex more pointed. Expanse about 65 mm.

P. pauperculus Holl. (63 g). Similar to submar ginalis in the forewing, but more brownish-grey, subbasal
spot very large ; hindwing pale greyish- ochreous with a broad brownish -grey marginal band and a similar basal
spot. Niger to Congo. In the marking and colouring senniger Jord. entirely corresponds with it, but the valve
is here broadly trilobate at the end. Senegal to Niger.

P. hollandi R. <fb J. (63 g) is extremely similar to pauperculus , darker brown, the spot in the forewing
at the tornus smaller. Hindwing darker, also in the dark marginal band. West Africa.

P. inconspicuus Strd. (64 a) is presumably nothing else but a dark and sharply marked $ of P. paupercula
Holl. Cameroon, Congo.

P. mutatus Wkr. (= erubescens Wkr.) (64 a). Forewing greenish-grey. Transverse lines 'blackish,
hindwing pink, at the margin greyer, with a red postdiscal line. Natal.

P. meander Guen. (64 a) is an easily recognisable species. Hindwing yellow with a circular black spot
at the end of the curved postdiscal line. Marginal area grey like the forewing, in the $ narrower. Madagascar.

P. brevis Obthr. (62 f) is smaller than the preceding species, the hindwing of a purer yellow, with smaller
dots, without a transverse line and grey marginal area. Madagascar.

P. delicatus Jord. (64 a). Forewing ochreous, at the inner margin basally suffused with pink, transverse
lines blackish, before the apex a silvery grey spot. Hindwing orange-yellow, at the tornus darker. Madagascar.

P. kindunus Strd. is an undetermined species. Margin in both wings undulate, in the forewing almost
straight, only projecting on vein 4. Forewing bark-coloured brown, with a narrow, slightly convex antemedian
transverse band, basally bordered by a lighter band. Distally to it a faded parallel transverse line, then a more
distinct black transverse band not extending to the margin, but contiguous with one situate farther distally,
thus forming a V-shaped marking which encloses the indistinct stigma. Distally to it an undulating transverse
line, distally bordered with a lighter colour. Marginal area darker, enclosing a light band which is distinct in
front and encloses a dark costal-marginal spot. At the tornus a semicircular black spot which encloses two
jet-black dots. Subbasal spot black, edged with light. Hindwing lighter than forewing, with a faded dark
marginal band (beneath more distinct), at the tornus with 3 jet-black spots surrounded by light grey. Fringes
of hindwings at the concavities pure white, at the convexities dark. Thorax with a dorsal dark stripe. Expanse:
62 mm. Kindu, Belgian Congo.

P. amabilis Jord. Forewing brown, a large spot distally to the cell-end and a smaller one at the apex
yellowish ochreous, 4 blackish transverse lines present, dark is also a cross-vein streak and the edge of the
apical spot. Apex not produced, margin below it hardly concave, then somewhat convex. Hindwing pinkish-red,
at the distal margin and anal margin shaded with brown, with 2 indistinct brown discal lines and brown irroration
at the distal and anal margins. Expanse: 62 mm. Belgian Congo. — In occidens Clark the antennae, palpi and
thorax above are deep pink instead of brown, the abdomen is pink with a thin black median line and thin black
segmental margins. Fore wing claret-coloured, the second pair of lines being curved like an S is forked only in
front, behind fused. Hindwing deep claret-coloured with a dark longitudinal stripe at the anal margin. Beneath
orange cinnamon-coloured instead of ochreous. Transverse lines feebler. Tanganyika.

P. molitor R. J. $ reddish tan-coloured, sides of body almost white; forewing pointed, margin
below the apex concave, in the centre convex; cream-coloured with 4 brownish-olive straight transverse lines,
only the extreme line being slightly curved. Stigma pale. Hindwing with 2 feeble parallel transverse lines from
the anal margin, disappearing in front. The $ is smaller, with narrower forewings, the apex more produced.
Senegal, Nigeria. The South-African race: lautus Jord. is larger, more yellowish, paler than molitor, thorax
with a median line, the interior one of the two discal lines is broader and distally faded, inner margin edged
with orange tan-colour; hindwing paler than forewing. Transvaal.

P. erlangeri R. & J . Thorax and forewing loam-coloured, the forewing with a small blackish-brown
subbasal dot, two antemedian lines, curved at the costa, the space between them filled with brown, this
colouring being extended to the discal lines; stigma very small. The double discal line is similarly situate as in

Publ. 20. XI. 1927.

PHYLLOXIPHIA ; LIKOMA. By Dr. M. Bering.

v.)

fulgurans (63 e), farther distally another line which remains rather straight and shows a pale outer edge, beyond
it a double brown dot. Margin straight, in the centre convex, apex somewhat projecting. Marginal area in
the shaded with brown. Hindwing in the $ grey, with traces of a double discal line, in the $ cinnamon-
brown without lines. Expanse: 50 — 60 mm. Southern Abyssinia.

25. Genus: Pliylloxiphia R. u. J.

Very closely allied to Polyptychus, tornus of fore wing very much rounded, the apex falciformly produced,
also in the hindwing the anal angle is not produced. Eyes at the posterior edge with a large hair-pencil.

Ph. oberthueri R. <P J. (64 a). Body olive-brown, abdomen towards the end whitish. Forewing lighter than oberthueri.
the thorax, washed over with cinnamon-colour, with very faint traces of 3 parallel transverse lines, particularly
towards the interior margin, and 2 undulating transverse lines distally to the cell. An almost straight slanting
line from the apex to the lower margin of the cell, along wdiich it is continued to the base; this line is thin,
posteriorly edged with a paler colour, thus recalling the mid-rib of a leaf. Veins: finely edged with pale. Stigma
black; interior margin basally with a triangular spot. Hindwing as dark as the thorax, the costal and anal
margin as well as the anterior part of the termen creamy-white. $ unknown. Cameroon. [The $ of this species
may be Libyoclanis hollandi Clark 1].

Ph. formosa Schultze (64 b) probably does not belong to this genus, since the interior angle of the formosa.
forewing distinctly projects a little; but the apex as in oberthueri. Forewing cinnamon- brown, with 5 shadowy
darker indistinct transverse bands. The oblique streak from the apex is above somewhat undulating, extending
to % of vein 4, below straight to vein 3 ; marginal area distally to this oblique streak more greyish. Interior
margin at the base with a brownish-red hair-tuft. Hindwing brownish-red, anal margin ochreous; termen
beginning from the tornus, anteriorly narrowed, dark brownish. Cameroon.

26. Genus: Xjycospliiiifigii! R. u. J.

Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs, middle tibiae with thorns, anterior tibiae not ending in a thorn,
apex of forewing extended into a long lobe. Pulvillus and paronychium present.

L. hamata Dwtz. (64 b). $ similar to the $, but with a large subbasal spot, from the discal line, towards hamata.
the margin, not so uniformly darkened. The spot at the interior margin before the anal angle more distinctly
prominent. Hindwing with a distinct median and postmedian transverse line. Both wings narrower, the apices
more projecting. West Africa: Chinchoxo, Gold Coast, Togo.

L. hollandi Clark (64 b). Apex projecting, but not so lobately produced, interior angle more projecting, hollandi.
Palpi orange-red, head yellow. Body above brown, beneath orange-red. Forewing brown, dusted with purple,
with a large brown subbasal spot and a white stigma, a brown oblique band from % of the costal margin to
the tornus, towards the margin two more bands which are bent and united to the inner margin, and two brown
costal-marginal spots before the apex. Hindwing red-brown, anal margin light brown, at the anal angle an
oblong brown spot. Expanse: 60 mm. Cameroon.

27. Genus: Typiiosia R. u. J.

Separated from the preceding genus by exhibiting, as in Pliylloxiphin, at the posterior edge of the eyes
a hair-pencil which is turned in front and covers half the eye.

T. illustris R. & J. Forewing brownish cream-coloured, shaded with loam-colour, with olive brown illustris.
transverse lines: a double line crossing the cell at the origin of vein 2, two parallel lines in the disc, dentate
on veins 2 and 3, a streak from veins 3 — 4 forming the rest of a third discal line, a uniformly curved line from
the apex to vein 5, from there continued straight across the posterior cell-angle to the costal margin, not far
from the base. Hindwing brownish-red, the costal and anal margins whitish, the latter being a little continued
at the termen; fringes brown, Ashanti.

28. Genus: DJfltoimi R. u. J.

Middle tibiae spined, posterior tibiae only with terminal spurs, anterior tibiae not ending in a thorn.
Forewing without a produced apex. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 not or short-stalked, the distal margin of
the forewing dentate. Paronychium with 1 or 2 lobes on each side.

L. apicalis R. & J. (64 c). Body and wings dull pinkish brown, shaded with dark brown. Forewing apicalis.
with blackish brown, pale-edged lines: 2 rather straight ones in the basal half; in the disc 2, the first being
straight, the second with a strong distal projection; parallel to the latter an indistinct postdiscal one; marginal
area behind it and a double inner-marginal spot at the tornus chocolate-coloured. Stigma small and white.
Ground-colour of hindwing similar to that of forewing, with 3 transverse lines, marginal area also here darker,
particularly at the tornus. British Central Africa. In this psecies the paronychium exhibits on each side but
one appendage.

XIV

47

370 POLIODES; CERLDIA; XENOSPHINGIA; ACANTHO SPHINX; LOPHOSTETHUS. ByEr. M. Hekikg.

crenata. • L. crenata R. & J. Paronychium on each side with 2 appendages. Body and wings greyish tan-coloured,

the lines in the fore wing umber-brown, not distinct; 4 in the proximal half, between the 3rd and 4th dark
filling; stigma small. In the disc 3 transverse lines, the 1 st and 3rd composed of basally open demi-bows,
the 2 nd broad, band-shaped. At the margin a triangular brown spot, a brown dot at the apex and one at the
tornus. Hindwing with white fringes and chestnut-brown veins, a brown streak at the tornus, towards the
base edged with whitish-grey; at the anal margin an indistinct brown spot. Expanse: 50 mm. British East
Africa.

29. Genus: Poliodes R. u. J.

Structurally allied to the preceding genus, pulvillus reduced, small and narrow, paronychium on each
side with but one appendage.

roseicomis. P. roseicornis R. <£■ J. (64 c). Antennae with pink scales. Body grey. Forewing grey, but centrally

pinkish whitish-grey, with a triangular costal-marginal spot at the cell-end. Discal line strongly dentate.
Marginal area behind it and the interior margin grey, at the tornus a whitish spot, a whitish oblique line from
the apex, towards the costal margin bordered with blackish, towards the termen with brown. Hindwing brown,
with traces of a thin postdiscal line, and a broader submarginal line which is is more distinct at the tornus,
blackish. British East Africa.

30. Genus: Ceriilia R. u. J.

Anterior tibiae ending in a strong thorn, middle tibiae spined, hind tibiae with a pair of spurs.

heuglini. C. heuglini Fldr. (=- beuglini Bsdv.) (64 c) is easily recognizable with pink hindwings and pinkish-grey

forewings with a dark red-brown angular marking. Antennae not pectinate. West Africa, Abyssinia.

mira. C. mira R. <&■ J . Antennae of and $ pectinate, the angular spot at the costal margin of the forewing

quadrangularly trapezoidal, posteriorly indented; hindwing pinkish-grey, with an indistinct darker median
and marginal band, and a postdiscal dark transverse line. Expanse: 45 mm. British East Africa.

31. Genus: Xeiiosphingia Jonl.

Allied to the preceding genus, antennae very strongly pectinate, 3 rd palpal joint long and narrow
cylindrical; anterior and middle tibiae spined ; anterior tibiae without, posterior tibiae with terminal spurs.

jansel. X. jansei Jord. Body and forewings yellowish sap-green. Shaft and outside of pinnae of antennae white,

front side purple, underside ochreous, palpi and legs partly purple brown. Forewing with a snow-white costal
margin, in the distal third shaded with dark, the stigma and basal tuft at the interior margin whitish. 3 mm
distant from the termen, parallel to it, a darker green line. Apex pointed, but not produced. Margin below
it straight, then convex, tornus rounded off. Hindwing whitish-green, at the anal margin whitish. Expanse:
36 mm. Rhodesia.

32. Genus: Acaiitliosphinx Auriv.

Middle tibiae spined, posterior tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, the longer terminal spur being as long as
the 1 st tarsal joint; paronychium and pulvillus present. Margin of forewing entire, not dentate. Easily separable
from Polyptychus by unspined posterior tibiae and the very long tibial spurs.

giissfeldti. A. giissfeldti Deuiz. (64 c). Margin of forewing in the $ straight, in the $ somewhat concave; forewing

violettish-grey with brown transverse markings, the marginal area varying between yellowish-green and dark
olive green. Hindwing darker grey, with an olive green marginal area and in it two darker lines dying away
gigas. in front. Expanse: 110 mm. in the much larger form: gigas Auriv. 120 — 140 mm. Sierra Leone to Congo.

33. Genus: Xjopliostetliiis Btlr.

Middle tibiae spined, posterior tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, the longer terminal spur half the length of
the 1 st tarsal joint. Anterior tibia with a long terminal thorn. Pulvillus absent, paronychium present, on each
side with one lobe.

demolini. L. demolini Anyas (= dumolini Wh\) (64 d). Easily recognisable by the brown, posteriorly faded and

narrowed median band of the forewing, containing a silvery white dot and nail-spot. The nominate race is of a
more yellowish-brown colour, the black submarginal triangle in the forewing between veins 4 — 6 is longer and
carteri. extends to. or almost to the white discal line. Natal to Uganda. — In carteri Rothsch. the submarginal triangle
negus, does not extend to the discal line, the colouring of the wings is greyer. Senegal to Congo. — In negus Jord. the
forewing shows a more cinnamon-brown tint, and in the white nail-spot the branch showing to the costal margin
is the longest. Subbasal stripe more prominent. South-West Abyssinia.

CEPHONODES; DEILEPHILA; MAASSENIA. By Dr. M. Hering.
2. Group: Sphingidae semanophorae.

371

The unsealed bare inside of the first palpal joint is set with sensorial hairs which are generally localised
on a ,, basal spot“.

Subfamily: Sesiinae.

Mesonotum distinctly tufted or the palpi laterally angular. Chiefly American genera, the only genus
occurring in the Ethiopian Region also in India.

34. Genus: CepllOilOtles Him. (Potidaea Wllgr.).

Antennae in both sexes strongly club-shaped. Wings hyaline, the greatest part without scales, fresh
specimens clothed with easily evanescent hair-scales. Twelve species, most of which occur in the Indo- Australian
Region.

C. apus Bsdv. Anterior tibiae without terminal thorns; abdomen green, with a hemochrome belt on apus.
the 5 th segment, the following rings shaded with hemochrome. Tail brown, lateral tufts black. Body beneath
orange-red, palpi yellowish- white. The first tarsal joint of the forelegs with a dense row of vertically projecting
thorns. Bourbon, Mauritius.

C. trochihss Guer. (= cynniris Guer., cyaniris Ky.). Anterior tibiae without terminal thorns, abdomen trochilus.
above green, of a faded tan-colour, particularly at the end, without the red belt, chest below yellow. Mauritius.

C. hylas L. Anterior tibiae without terminal thorns, chest below white, hardly yellowish, the last hylas.
abdominal segments beneath in the centre blackish. The typical form only occurs in the Indian Region; in
the whole of Africa to the south of the Sahara and in Madagascar we meet writh the race virescens Wllgr. virescens.

( — confinis Bsdv.) (64 e) which is only discernible by the differences of the sexual armature and which numbers
among the most common species.

C. leucogaster R. 6c J . is easily discernible from hylas by the abdomen being at the end beneath all white, leucogaster.
the red belt above being only distinct on the sides. The black margin of the forewing is somewhat narrower
at the apex, otherwise as hylas. Madagascar.

Subfamily: Philampelinae.

Thorax not high-tufted, palpi not laterally angular. Of the two tribes the Philampelicae do not occur
in the region, whereas the N ephelicae are represented by numerous genera.

35. Genus: Deilcplftila Lasp. (=Elpenor Oken, Choerocampa Dup., Metopsilus Dune.).

Eyes without cilia, last segment of antenna with long scales, spurs of middle tibiae of unequal length,
margin of forewing not dentate. Pulvillus and paronychium present, anterior tibiae spined. Of the tiny thorns
at the end of each abdominal tergit those of the front row are longer than broad.

D. nerii L. (Vol. II, p. 250 pi. 39 c). This species having been described and figured already in the palearctic nerii.
part also occurs in the Ethiopian and Madagassic Region and is very common. — The form infemelutea Saahn., infemclutea.
described from Madagascar, but also occurring elsewhere together with the typical form with which it is
connected by transitions, are specimens in which the under surface is richly coloured orange and red-brown,
without any green marking.

36. Genus: Maasseiiia Saahn.

Thorns of the abdominal segmental margins as in the preceding species, last palpal segment scaled,
long; distal margin of forewing somewhat dentate; pidvillus and paronychium present, anterior tibiae without
terminal thorns. Separated from N ephele etc. by thinner antennae and the dentate margin of the fore wing.

M. heydeni Saahn. (64 d). Forewing violettish-brown, with brown shadows and transverse lines; stigma heydeni.
dentate, crescentiform pale gold. Hindwing brown. Marginal area in both wings beneath darker, dentately
defined. Madagascar. — In comorana R. 6c J . the dark band in the forewing is more distinctly marked from comorana.
the costal margin to the tornus, the silvery stigma is larger, the proximal three quarters of the hindwing are
somewhat greyer. On the wThole a somewhat smaller race. Grand Comore,

372

NEPHELE. By Dr. M. Heking.

37. Genus: Jfephele Hbn. (Zonilia Wkr.).

At once separable from the preceding genus by the margin of the forewing not being dentate. The shorter
spur of the middle tibia with a dense row of spikes. Antennae thicker, last joint with a tack-shaped appendage.
Most of the species described are Ethiopian, but few being oriental.

a) 8 p e c i e s with dark lateral spots or bands on the abdomen.

vau. N. van Wkr. (= schimperi Lucas, raffrayi Obthr.) (64 d). Forewing grey, hued with pink, with a large

olive triangular spot the basal side of which is straight, the marginal side being curved semicircularly at the
costal margin, the point at the tornus. Stigma yellowish, V-shaped. Abdomen with black lateral spots. Very
common in the whole of West and East Africa.

comma. N. comma Hopff. (64 e). Abdomen with black lateral spots; submarginal line from the apex, curved

towards the base, towards the tornus very distinct, marginal area contrastingly grey. The typical form with
d eras a. a crescentiform stigma which is thickened below. Common in West and East Africa. — In the form derasa
R. db J . (64 e) the stigma is merely a tiny dot, or it is absent altogether. In the whole of Africa and Madagascar.

charoba. N. charoba Ky. ( = triangulifera Closs) is similar to comma, but the stigma is in front very thin and

microstigma. behind much broader. The wings are generally rather monotonous and dark; in its form microstigma Clark
(64 e) the stigma is only a tiny dot. Madagascar.

fanebris. N. fuiiebris F. (= viridescens Wkr., infernalis Ky.) (64 f). Lateral spots of abdomen large and black.

Forewing similar to charoba, marginal area not so distinctly contrasting, a very feeble shadow-like band from
the centre of the costal margin to the interior angle. The typical race is rather unicoloured (excepting the
marginal area), with thin and not very distinct lines. Stigma, if it is present, composed of 2 spots, the lower
conimacula. spot forming a triangle. The typical form with a tiny punctiform stigma or without it. — In the form conimacula
R. <£■ J. the stigma is composed of two spots, the lower triangle with its apex showing towards the margin. —
maculosa. Another race maculosa R. & J. (64 f) which may represent a distinct species has more distinct lines in the
forewing, with olive spots between them. In the nominate form the stigma is a tiny dot or entirely absent. —
ovifera. In the form ovifera R. d: J. it represents an oval spot. The nominate race in West and East Africa, maculosa
from Cameroon to Congo.

bi-partita. N. bipartita Btlr. (64 f) is still lighter olive than the latter race, dark brown is only part of the marginal

area and a broad band from the costal margin to that part. West and East Africa.

lannini. N. la sin ini Jord. is similar to bi-partita, with thicker antennae, the hindwing broader, the margin more

convex, the apex distinctly produced. Forewing unicoloured, without the lighter spots. Expanse: 76 mm.
South Rhodesia.

discifera. N. discifera Karsch (= aureomaculata Rothsch. ) (64 f) is quite dark brown, the marginal area is dusted

rattrayi. with light olive. On the inner margin a round ochreous spot, which is absent in rattrayi Rothsch. or only
indicated by its border. Cameroon to Congo, Uganda.

peneus. N. peneus Cr. (= penaeus F.) (65 a). Marginal area of forewing not at all defined or only by a very

dentate line. Forewing broader. In the nominate race the stigma is composed of 3 silvery white spots which may
innotata. be fused to a crescent (= pachyderma Karsch). ■ — In the form innotata R. <£■ J . (65 a) which is much rarer, the
white stigma is absent. Expanse: 75 mm. West and East Africa.

mohostigma. N. monostigma Clark. Similar to peneus, but the stigma of the forewing is plain, elliptical, of 1 mm

diameter, ground-colour of forewing in front sepia-brown, before the dark shadowy band from the centre of the costal
margin to the tornus there are no dark transverse lines. A smaller species: expanse 60 — 65 mm. Cameroon.

accentifera. N. accentifera Beauvois {= tridyma Hoeven, ranzani Bertoloni, variegata Btlr.) (65 a). Transverse

lines in the forewing distinct, marginal area and central area distinctly darker, the stigma composed of 3 silvery
white dots. Hindwing olive green, at the margin, posteriorly narrowed, broad black. In the whole of Africa
comoroana. very common, absent in Madagascar. — In comoroana Clark (65 a) the forevving is less contrasting, less dusted
with yellow, the space between the anterior subbasal line and the posterior median line almost monotonously
dark brown, not mixed with lighter; the light postmedian band in the centre not interrupted. Comoro Is.

argentifera. M. argentifera Wkr. (65 b). In the forewing the basal area, a median band which is posteriorly narrowed,

and a broad band before the margin are dark green, the markings between them dusted with whitish. Stigma
composed of a white crescent and a small dot above it. Hinclwings similar to those of accentifera. East Africa.

densoi. N. densoi Keferst. (— malgassica Fldr., rhadama [Wkr.'] Bsdv.) (65 b). The dark median band of the

forewing is distally rectilinearly defined, the stigma is composed of a white crescent, one white dot each above
it and basad to it. Hindwing as in the preceding species. Madagascar.

TEMNORA. By Dr. M. Heeinc.

373

N. oenopion Hbn. (= aenopion Btlr.). Median area of forewing very broad, distally straightly defined, oenopion.
with or without a stigma. Discal band in the nominate race broad, towards the margin hardly whitish, the
dark transverse line in it divides the band into a broader proximal and a narrower distal portion. Madagascar,

Mauritius, Bourbon. — In stictica R. & J. there is a small white stigma-dot. Comoro Is. — The continental stictica.
race continentis R. & J. (65 b) is somewhat smaller, the discal band is divided into 2 equal halves by the line, conlinentis.
also at the distal margin whitish. Hitherto only known from West Africa.

N. rosae Btlr. (65 b). The dark median area of the forewing is narrower, dusted with white only rosac.
at its distal edge, always narrowed in front; forewing with rich dark green markings, marginal area olive grey,
stigma composed of a hook with a short anterior branch and sometimes a dot above it. West Africa. — In
the form (or race ?) destigmata StrcL, from Spanish Guinea, the stigma is absent. — The East- African race destigmata.
illustris Jord. shows a broader, in front not narrowed white discal band of the forewing. illustris.

N. rectangulata Rothsch. is easily recognizable by the white oblique median and similar submarginal rectangu-
stripes meeting at the inner margin in a right angle. Sierra Leone.

b) The following species without dark spots on the abdomen.

N. aequivalens Wlcr. (= zebu B.sdv.) (65 c). The white stripes of rectangulata are here darker than the aequivalens
ground-colour. Abdomen without dark spots. West and East Africa.

N. vespera Fawc. (65 c). In the habitus similar to funebris maculosa, separated from the latter and vespera.
nearly all the other species by the unicoloured olive brownish abdomen without any dark spots or bands. Kedai,

East Africa.

N. leighi Joic. & Talb. Abdomen without dark spots, fore wing in the basal lower portion dark greenish leighi.
ochreous; a slanting dark brown discal band, rather indistinct, a similar jDostdiscal band, in front broader,
on vein 3 somewhat angular, a feeble irregular postdiscal line. Submarginal line indistinct, defining a darker
marginal area which is divided by another line into a darker proximal and a lighter distal portion. Hindwing
dark greenish olive, marginal area posteriorly narrowed darker. Expanse: 82 mm. Seychelles.

N. xylina R. & J. Body Isabel-coloured, beneath paler. Forewing Isabel-coloured; stigma small, round, xylina.
white; basally to it three blackish lines curved at the costal margin; beyond the stigma 2 more transverse lines,
posteriorly convergent, in front distally bent. From the latter towards the margin a dentate line, posteriorly
nearing the preceding ones; a submarginal line is bent towards the base. Hindwing coloured as forewing, but
at the margin blackish-brown, fringes creamy with small indistinct dark dots. Expanse: 66 mm. Abyssinia.

38. Genus: Temuora Hbn. (Diodosida Hbn., Lophuron Bsdv., Ocyton Bsdv., Aspledon Bsdv., Eulo-

phura Holl.).

At once discernible from the allied K ephele by the spurs of the middle tibiae not showing any row of
spikes. Confined to Africa und Madagascar.

T. livida Holl. (65 c). Forewing bluish-grey, with darker clouding on the centre of the costal margin livida.

(as the beginning of a slanting transverse band which sometimes runs through to the margin) and before the
apex, a submarginal row of dots, and a brown inner-marginal spot before the tornus. Apex produced, margin
below it concave, then convex. Hindwing blackish, at the tornus bluish-grey, at the costal margin ochreous.

Fringes of forewings beneath unicoloured dark. West Africa.

T. griseata R. <£■ J. (65 c). Body and wings more brownish-grey, the contours of the forewing as in griseata.
livida, the spot and the centre of the costal margin more indistinct, fringes also beneath spotted light and dark.

Hindwing more unicoloured. Congo.

T. aureata Karsch (= brevipennis Rothsch.) (65 c). Abdomen with subdorsal and lateral gold spots, aureata.
Forewing violettish-brown, with 3 antemedian and 3 discal transverse lines, a double submarginal line and a
black median shadow. Hindwing blackish-brown, anal margin red-brown, sometimes continued to the forewing
as a discal nebulous band. Cameroon, East Africa, Uganda.

T. radiata Karsch (65 d) is an easily recognizable species, the brown forewing with white undulating radiata.
lines and a long white basal ray; hindwing also with a whitish transverse line. Very rare; except the type no
more species has been found. Togo, Bismarckburg.

T. inornata Rothsch. (65 d). Ground-colour of forewing light pinkish-grey, with dark brown markings; inomata.
hindwing brownish-red with a black margin. South Africa.

374

TEMNORA. By Dr. M. Hebing.

murina. T. murina Wkr. (= tyrrhus Esdv.) (65 d). Hindwing as in inornata ; forewing bluish-grey, with a more

indistinct dark median shadow, a double postdiscal line, a spot below the apex, and a distinct double antemedian
line. South Africa.

grandidieri. T. grandidieri Btlr. (65 d). Similar to murina , under surface more grey than cinnamon-red, abdomen

beneath with 2 rows of white dots. Tornus of forewing more produced, at the inner margin near the base a
dark spot. Fringes behind with 2 white dots. Hindwing dark brown, fringes rather pure white. Madagascar.

amaqua. T. naniaqua R. & J . (65 d). Forewing with an oblique discal band, towards the lighter basal portion

distinctly, towards the darker distal portion indistinctly defined. Hindwing rusty red, purer than in murina,
with a dark brown marginal band. South West Africa

stcvensi. T. stevensi R. & J . (65 e). In the forewing the slanting discal band is on both sides indistinctly defined,

terminating into the tornus, the fringe between veins 2 and 4 above white. Sierra Leone.

subapicalis. T. subapicalis R. & J . (65 e) is quite similar to marginata, but the upper surface of the tibiae less

white, the forewing with a more projecting apex, in the centre with a broader brown band, the space between
the 2nd and 3rd discal lines at the costal margin filled with less dark; at the costal margin before the apex a
dark spot. Hindwing darker, unicoloured brown. British East Africa.

ncphelc. T. nephele Clark is quite similar to subapicalis , but greyer, the apex of the forewing less pointed. Expanse :

42 — 46 mm. Cameroon, Spanish Guinea.

marginata. T. marginata Wkr. ( — brunnea Rothsch.). Upper surface of tibiae white. Margins of abdominal segments

laterally blackish beneath. Forewing dark reddish-grey with an oblique discal transverse band and 2 discal
lines. Hindwing red-brown, with a blackish marginal band. Nominate race with the light grey discal line zigzag-
comorana. shaped (Cape Colony); — in comorana R. & J. this line is straight, the brown marginal area below the apex
somewhat more extensive. Comoro Is.

argyropeza. T. argyropeza Mob. (65 e) differs from marginata in the white-scaled first palpal joint and posterior

tibiae, in the presence of a grey stigma in the forewing and a posteriorly more slanting discal band. Madagascar.

leighi. T. lei gh i Jord. Wings as in fumosa peckoveri, but the apex more produced, the margin less convex;

markings as in the latter, but both wings paler, the fore wing greyer, the antemedian band more curved. Marking
at and before the margin less distinct. Comoro Is.

funebris. T. funebris Holl. (65 e) differs from marginata in the more elongate forewing with a more slanting

margin, the discal band being proximad less distinctly defined. Old Calabar to Gabun.

angulosa. T. angulosa R. <£ J . Forewing as far as the disc unicoloured red-brown, this colour being distinctly

defined on the disc, so that a basal-discal area is produced being expanded before and behind vein 4 and
indented on the veins at the margin; from there to the margin fawn-colour enclosing a brown line which is
almost parallel to this area, united with it behind vein 3. Margin twice indented, on vein 5 strongly angular.
Forewing unicoloured dark brown. Expanse: 64 mm. Congo.

fumosa. T. lumosa Wkr. (= fallax Rothsch.) (65 e). Forewing elongate, in the £ with more distinct markings

and bands than in the $, with a lilac grey dusted spot at the costal margin and often below the apex at the
margin. Hind wing dark brown. In the nominate race from West Africa the body beneath is light brownish
peckoveri. and the wings are narrow, whereas in peckoveri Btlr., from Madagascar, the Comoro and Seychelle Is., the body
beneath is darker brown, and the wings are broader.

albilinea. T. aibilinea Rothsch. In the contours of the wings the same as fumosa, the margin below the apex less

indented. Forewing brown, with 2 feeble brown bands before the centre and one behind it, separated by grey
interspaces. Discal area brown, distally bordered bv a curved white line; from here towards the margin two
brown lines convergent with the white one behind. From the apex a brown double oblique streak. At the
vbscuras- margin a white cloud. Hindwing unicoloured dark brown. Angola. — In obscurascens Strd. (65 e) the forewing
ecus. -g darkened, as far as the white line almost unicoloured, distally to it lighter. German East Africa.

sardanus. T. sardanus Wkr. (= uniformis Rothsch.) (65 f). Margin of forewing at vein 5 strongly projecting,

forewing dark violettish brown, with an oblique, posteriorly curved discal band, brown antemedian and discal
lines and a brown marginal area below the apex. Hindwing unicoloured dark brown. Stigma a small white
dot. Sierra Leone, Togo, German East Africa. In West Africa probably more distributed.

plagiala. T. plagiata Wkr. (= dicanus Bsdv., confusa Wkr., maculata Rothsch.) is easily recognized by the dark

olive quadrangular or five-cornered costal-marginal spot of the light grey forewing, which is behind cut off by
a rust-brown longitudinal patch. 'The other transverse markings dark brown. Hindwing reddish-brown, with

TEMNORA. By Dr. M. Hering.

375

a darker marginal area and transverse line. Natal. — In fuscata R. & J. the body and wings are much darker, fuscala.
blackish-grey in the ground-colour, the margin of the forewing distinctly dentate. British East Africa.

T. camerounensis Clark. Similar to rattrayi, forewing narrower, the brown costal-marginal triangle camerou-
acute-angular on the distal side, the triangle more contrasting with the ground-colour, the white line which
borders on it towards the apex is lighter and at the costal margin broader. Expanse: 40 mm. Cameroon.

T. atrofasciata Holl. (= umbrina Rothsch.) (65 f). Forewing violettish-brown, with an oblique darker atrofasciaia.
discal band which is broad at the costal margin and in the 2 fills up the whole apical portion, leaving free only
a lighter zone below the apex. Sierra Leone to Ogove.

T. rattrayi Rothsch. Thorax above with a dark median line. Basal half of forewing defined as in the rattrayi.
former species (but by a grey, posteriorly curved line), but it encloses a basal spot, a double, in front curved
transverse line; at the tornus an indistinct brown spot, the interspaces tan-coloured or lead-coloured; the
oblique band distally defined by a grey line, at the costal margin 4 mm broad, posteriorly narrowed, with 2
black dots before and behind vein 6, situate close at a black marginal area which extends in front to beyond
vein 6. Apical area much paler, similar as in the following species. Hindwing dark brown with a posteriorly
more distinct dark submarginal line. Expanse: 70 — 80 mm. Uganda.

T. zantus H.-S. (= dorus Bsdv., excisa Wkr.) (65 f). Forewing violettish-brown, the olive apical area zantus.
separated by a dark brown oblique band. The nominate form from South Africa shows this apical area almost
straightly defined towards the base. Hindwing beneath light brown, without a distinct median transverse
line. In the East-African race: curvilimes subsp. nov. (65 f) the apical area of the forewing is convexly defined curvilimes.
towards the base, hindwing beneath with a distinct black median line ($ type from Mikindani in the Zool.

State Museum of Berlin, also a $ from Dar-es-Salaam) ; — apiciplaga Karsch (65 f). from Uganda and Cameroon, apiciplaga.
shows the forewing similarly defined as in the preceding, apical area very light, ochreous olive, under surface
more. red-brown, in the hindwing the median line is intensely black, behind it 2 distinct discal lines.

T. brunnescens Clark is presumably nothing else but a rather monotonously brown form of zantus. brunnescens.
Western Pondoland, South Africa.

T. wollastoni R. & J. Similar to zantus, forewing with numerous undulate or dentate transverse lines, wollastoni.
a spot-like subbasal band, an antemedian costal-marginal spot and a slanting discal band dark brown; the latter
reaches to the margin at the end of vein 2. Before the apex a spot a the costal margin and one below it, margin
similar to that of zantus. Hindwings similar to those of the preceding species. Upper Congo.

T. natalis Wkr. ( — natalii Bsdv.). Margin of forewing in front deeply indented, dentate, with very natalis.
slanting antemedian lines which are straight and only at the costal margin curved; a large discal spot at the
costal margin and 2 sagittiform submarginal spots black. Size as in the preceding species. Natal.

T. erato Fawc. (65 g). Similar to natalis, but much smaller. Expanse: 50 — 60 mm. British East Africa, eraio.

T. stigma R. <£• J . Similar to the preceding ones, forewing more regularly dentate, not deeply indented stigma.
between veins 4 and 6. Grey, mesothorax black. Forewing with a small black stigma. Discal lines very oblique.

The black oblique band is expanded towards the tornus into a large triangular spot. Hindwing grey, dusted
with blackish-brown. The blackish submarginal band indistinct. In contrast with natalis, the forewing lacks
the double antemedian line, the large dark spot is situate here at the tornus. Expanse: 56 mm. Abyssinia.

T. hoi land i Clark. Forewing similar as in wollastoni, at the centre of the costal margin with a dark hollandi.
triangle which is continued from vein 4 as a broad line to the margin. Basally to it the ground-colour is light
olive green, traversed by darker lines. At the base of the wing and at the tornus light blue scales. From the
costal-marginal triangle towards the apex a light blue area, in front 4 mm broad, narrowed towards vein 4,
containing two dark lines. The apex itself is brown, feebly dusted with light blue. Hindwing dark brown, at
the tornus a light brown, spot dusted with blue. Body brown, under surface richly red. Abdomen on each
segment with 2 black dots and a bluish-white margin. Fringes of both wings yellow. The most magnificently
coloured species of the genus. Expanse: 54 mm. Only 1 $ known from Cameroon.

T. spiritus Holl. (65 g). Similarly marked as plagiata, but very much paler, ochreous yellowish olive, spiritus.
costal-marginal spot olive brownish. Hindwing umber-brown, postdiscal area quite pale. Forewing easily
discernible from plagiata by the truncate apex. West Africa.

T. avinoffi Clark (65 g). Allied to wollastoni. Before the apex a coherent brown spot. Apical area avinoffi.
otherwise predominantly violettish-grey, basal area olive-brown, partition-line proximally edged with a paler
colour. Cameroon.

376

TEMNORA. By Dr. M. Hering.

elegans.

polia.

nitida.

palpalis.

crenulata.

curtula.

reutlingeri.

cinereo-

fnsca.

scitula.

eranga.

iapygoides.

clementsi.

stevensoni.

pylas.

pseudo-

pylas.

latimargo.

pylades.

leptis.

T. elegans Rothsch. (65 g). Forewing bluish-grey, markings sharp and distinct, hindwing of a bright
brownish red colour with a black marginal area, body hued with red-brown. Sierra Leone to Cameroon. —
In polia Rothsch. the body and the under surface of the wings is greyer, the markings in the fore wing often
more hazy, hindwing duller brown. Angola, German East Africa.

T. nitida Jord. Similar to elegans, the margin of the fore wing not dentate, the oblique discal band from
the centre of the costal margin to the termen below its centre, at the end broadly expanded shadow-like to
the tornus, towards the margin defined by a pale line; below the apex an olive crescent. Expanse: 52 mm.
Madagascar.

T. palpalis R. & J. (65 g). Similar to crenulata, more cinnamon-brown above, antennae somewhat
longer, apex of fore wing more roundish, the oblique discal band not edged with a paler colour towards the
margin, proximad more distinctly defined. In the hindwing analwards a distinct postdiscal line. Easily
recognizable by a white line on the first palpal joint. Madagascar.

T. crenulata Hold. (65 g) is discernible from the similar sardanus by the sharp oblique discal band being
behind edged with pale and by the dentate hindwing, from the zantus-veices by the pointed apex of the forewing.
Sierra Leone, Cameroon.

T. curtula R. <k J. Forewing grey with a brown oblique discal band which proximally passes over
rather indistinctly into the grey ground-colour, being distallv darker and distinctly defined. On its outside
below the costal margin a black, sometimes lustrous spot, distally indented and bordered with brown.
Margin below the apex feebly emarginated, brown, at vein 4 angular and from there dentate. Before the tornus
3 black dots, towards the base a black double line. Hindwing dark brown, at the tornus and near the margin
shaded with grey, with an ochreous spot before the tornus. Expanse: 42 mm. LTganda.

T. reutlingeri Hold. Forewing grey, with a narrow oblique brown discal band which is sharply defined
towards the base, and a brown costal-marginal spot before the apex. Hindwing dark brown. Cameroon, Gabun.

T. cinereofusca Strd. (66 a). Similar to reutlingeri., the discal band of the forewing broader, proximad
indistinctly bordered with a lighter colour, apex somewhat less produced. Discernible from subapicalis by the
greyer forewings. Spanish Guinea.

T. scitula Holl. (66 a). Forewing violettish-grey ; dark brown are: a curved and interrupted antemedian
line, a subbasal spot, an oblique discal band, a spot before the apex and before the tornus, and a marginal
spot below the apex. Above the tornus and between veins 4 and 5 one yellowish- white spot each. Hindwing
dark brown, in the discal area lighter red-brown. West Africa.

T. eranga Hold. Similar to scitula, the forewing lacks the white spot between veins 4 and 5, the discal
oblique band is behind narrower, and the spot at the tornus almost 7-shaped. Sierra Leone. Ogove.

T. iapygoides Holl. ( = preussi Karscdi) (66 a). Forewing similar to the preceding ones, but without
any white marking; hindwing more extensively red-brown, with a blackish- brown marginal area. — The form
clementsi Rothsch. is very much paler, the forewing brownish grey, hindwing reddish ochreous. Sierra Leone
to Ogove.

T. stevensoni Clark is allied to the following ones, separated from pylas by the first and second discal
lines not being filled with brown; from pylades by the margin of the forewing showing a distinct dent on vein 7,
and the marginal band of the hindwing being broader; from pseudopylas by the dent at the termination of vein
7 of the forewing being feebler, the under surface being brown, not mixed with yellow. Separated from all the 3
species by the grey instead of brown ground-colour of the forewings. Expanse: 40 — 45 mm. Rhodesia, Belgian
Congo, Nyassa Land, Tanganyika.

T. pylas Cr. (66 a). The double antemedian line of the forewing is filled with dark, hindwing yellow,
in the marginal region red-brown, towards the anal angle turning darker. Natal, Cape Colony.

T. pseudopylas Rothsch. (= brisaeus Bsdv.) (66 a). Antemedian line of forewing not filled with darker,
costal margin of hindwing near the base extended into a projecting lobe, the black marginal band of the hindwing
towards the base broadly bordered with rusty brown. In the nominate form the darker marginal area is defined
by the postdiscal line, both wings beneath abundantly mixed with yellow. South and East Africa, Abyssinia.

In latimargo R. db J . the rusty brown marginal area traverses the postdiscal line towards the base, the under
surface of both wings with but few yellow scales. Comoro Is.

T. pylades R. & J . (66 a). Costal margin of hindwing almost straight, without a distinct lobe, ante¬
median line of forewing not filled with dark, marginal area less red-brown than in the preceding ones, at the
termination of vein 7 no distinct dent. Natal, Cape Colony.

T. leptis R. db J . (66 b). Forewing altogether darker, the band of the hindwing unicoloured blackish-
brown, very much broader than in the preceding species. Sierra Leone, Cameroon.

Publ. 20. XI. 1927.

TEMNORIPAIS; ANTINEPHELE. By Dr. M. Bering. 377

39. Genus: Tenmoripsos R.u.J.

Antennae at the ends not thickened, the last joint short. Separated from Antinephele by shorter palpi, the
angular margin and not rounded tornus of the forewing, from Odontosida by the spineless anterior tibiae.

T. last! Rothsch. (66 b). In the habitus similar to Temnora pylas \ hindwing yellow with a black marginal lasti.
band which is proximally bordered with rust-brown. $ still unknown. South-Western Madagascar.

40. Genus: Odontosida R.u.J.

Antennae with a short terminal joint, anterior tibiae ending in a thorn, middle tibia without a crest
of bristles, its spines about equally long.

0. pusilla FIdr. (66 b). Forewing red-brown, with a dark subbasal dot, a short antemedian double pusilla.
transverse line and a dark postmedian band, a blackish spot before the apex and a similar one at the tornus,
the marginal area being in some places darker. Hindwing brownish-red, at the anal angle dark brown. Specimens
with a light grey ground-colour of the forewing were described as — puldierrima Rothsch., but they are connected pulcher-
with the nominate form by transitions. South Africa. rnnc

0. magnifica Rothsch. (66 b). Forewing with a brown costal-marginal triangle containing the white magnifica
stigma. Forewing yellow at the base, red-brown towards the tornus. black in the distal half; margin of forewing
not dentate. South Africa.

0. erlangeri R. & J . Similar to pusilla, somewhat larger, in the forewing the subbasal spot is very small, erlangeri.
the antemedian lines broader separated; the dark subapical spot is absent, the dark marginal area almost
equally broad. Hindwing more oblong, lighter, with 1 pair of discal lines the interspace of which is filled with
dark, and a postdiscal line. Expanse: 46 mm. Abyssinia.

41. Genus: 3®sendeiiy« Holt.

Palpi longer than in Temnora, apex of forewing truncate, margin between veins 5 and 7 deeply indented,
projecting on vein 5 instead of vein 6. It may coincide with Temnora.

Ps. benitensis Holl. (66 b) is easily recognized. Hindwing black, at the anal margin (basallv broader) benitensis.
of a glaring yellow. Gabun, Spanish Guinea.

42. Genus: &p!Bii9ig;oiiaepiop$fs Wllgm.

Anterior tibiae with thorns, posterior tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, the spurs of the middle tibiae equally
long, pulvillus present. Palaearctic and Indian Region, Africa and Madagascar.

S. nana Bsdv. (= gracilipes Wllgm.) (66 b). Forewing grey with a brown discal oblique band and in nana.
the inner-marginal half with an oblique median band. Cross- vein with a whitish line. H induing brown. From
South Arabia trough East Africa to Natal.

S. obscura Mob. is much darker than nana, the forewing without a whitish line on the cross-vein, obscura.
Madagascar.

S. ansorgei Rothsch. Forewing with a grey basal area being broader at the costal margin and defined ansorgei.
by a cinnamon-brown band of several indistinct transverse lines; the latter as well as a cinnamon-brown line
in the centre of the basal area dusted over with blackish scales. Distal half of forewing pinkish-grey, at the
tornus tan-coloured, a broad cinnamon-brown and black transverse line before the margin, almost parallel
to the latter. Hindwing reddish tan-coloured, marginal area brownish. Expanse: 30 mm. Angola.

43. Genus: Microsphliix R. u. J.

Separated from the preceding genus by but 1 pair of spurs of the posterior tibiae and a broad, short
terminal segment of the antennae.

M. pumila Bsdv. (= minuta Dist.) (66 a). Forewing in the habitus similar to that of, Sphing. nana. pumila.
Hindwing yellow udth a brown marginal band. South Africa.

44. Genus: Aiitinepliele Holl.

Antennae thin with a short terminal joint which is thrice as long as basallv broad. Eyes ciliated, middle
and hind tarsi with rows of thorns; pulvillus and paronychium present, the latter on each side with a double
appendage. An African genus, not yet ascertained in Madagascar.

XIV

48

marcida.

anomala.

achlora.

m uscosa.

efulani.

lunulata.

maculifera.

butleri.

lobipennis.

insignis.

westerman-

ni.

alluaudi.

37-8 HYPAEDALIA ; ATEMNORA ; MACROGLOSSUM. By Br. M. Herds g.

A. marcida Holl. (66 c). Forewing olive-brown and -green, a dark green oblique band being convex
in front from the inner margin near the base to the costal margin before the apex, behind it a transverse band
being posteriorly convergent with the margin, filled up by a dark line and proximally whitish, united with an
oblique band from the apex. Hindwing monotonously dark brown. Gabun, Uganda.

A. anomala Btlr. (66 c). Ground-colour of forewing dark brown, oblique band narrower, in the centre
more distinct, darker, the transverse band proximally more regularly white, from the apex only an oblique
line. West Africa.

A. achlora Holl. (66 c) differs from the preceding species in the slightly oblique antemedian band of the
forewing. West Africa.

A. muscosa Holl. (66 c) as well as the following species lack the straight submarginal band of the forewing;
forewing olive green with more or less distinct dark transverse lines and a blackish discal spot, an indistinct
discal oblique band from behind the centre of the costal margin to the tornus. Below the apex the marginal
area is partly dark brown, towards the base bordered by an irregular white line which may also be absent.
Hindwing dark brown. West Africa.

A. efulani Clark is intermediary between mu-scosa. and lunulata, separated by a large, strongly contrasting
blackish spot at the cross- vein of the forewing. Cameroon.

A. lunulata R. <£• J. (= weberi Clark). Similar to efulani, the dark marginal area of the forewing towards
the base bordered by a straight white line. German East Africa, Cameroon.

A. maculifera Holl. (66 c) is easily recognized by the abdomen beneath being white with brown central
spots. Forewing with a dark brown, white-edged basal area, the dark marginal area defined by a curved white
line. Abdomen ochreous olive green. West Africa.

45. Genus: Hypaedalia Btlr.

Easily l'ecognizable by the 2nd palpal joint being at the end set with dehiscent scales like a comb.
Frons with a projecting apex, the costal margin of the hindwing anteriorly very convex like a lobe. Abdomen
rather flattened. Only known from West Africa.

H. butleri Rothsch. (66 c). Abdomen above olive brown, beneath ochreous. Marginal area of forewing
as far as the tornus darker, in the centre projecting towards the base. Ground-colour of forewings reddish-
brown, transverse lines dark brown, partly separated by violet scales. Sierra Leone to Congo.

H. lobipennis Strd. (66 d). Margin of forewing below the apical indentation and the costal margin of
the hindwing more projecting, ground-colour of forewing more olive grey, with a very contrasting marking
above the tornus and a green inner-marginal spot near the base. Cameroon.

H, insignis Btlr. (66 cl). Abdomen dark with 2 large subdorsal yellow spots. In the forewing the ante-
median and discal lines are contiguous at the inner margin, the ground-colour is brown, mixed with olive.
Hindwing beneath with a large yellow basal spot, abdomen beneath bright yellow. Sierra Leone.

46. Genus: Atenmora R. u. J.

It connects Temnora with Macroglossum. Abdomen as in the preceding genus broad and flat, at the
end with a stunted anal tuft. Tibiae without thorns.

A. westermanni Bsdv. ( --- falkensteini Dewiz.) (66 d). Abdomen with yellow lateral spots, forewing
with a straightly cut-off basal area olive green, distally to it bluish-grey, a straight line from % of the costal
margin to the tornus blackish. Hindwing blackish, basally with olive green hair, fringe around the tornus
yellow. In the whole of the Ethiopian Region and in Madagascar, without forming races.

Tli - following two genera differ from all the preceding genera of the Ncphelicae in the small thorns of the foremost
row at the end of each abdominal segment being not longer than broad.

47. Genus: Y0 aci*0|£ lossillll Scop. ( Rhamphoschisma, Wllgr., Psithyros Hhn.).

Last antennal joint very long filiform, abdomen flattened, with a broad flat tuft of the tail; spurs of
posterior tibiae of very unequal lengths. In the Oriental Region represented by numerous species, in the
Ethiopian and Madagassic Region by few, in the Palaearctic Region by 1 species.

M. alluaudi Joann (= alluardi Ky.) (66 d). This extremely rare species is distinguished by almost
unicoloured yellow hindwings which are brownish only at the extreme margin. Seyclielle Is.

LEUCOSTROPHUS; C'ELERIO ; CHAEROCINA. By Hr. M. Hering.

379

M. soror R. & J . (66 d). Similar to the following milvus, the rusty yellow lateral spots of the abdomen soror.
are not separated from each other, in the forewing the stigma is larger, the 1st antemedian line straighter, the
2nd farther distally touching the stigma; hindwing orange-red, distally rusty brownish, without a yellow band,
without a darker base. Separated from the preceding species by the almost absent first and curved second
discal lines, a distinct stigma, darker hindwings, and 4 (instead of 3) lateral spots of the abdomen. Bourbon.

M. milvus Bsdv. (= pandora Guer., mylous Men., melvus Rothsch.) (66 d). Hindwing rusty red, with milvus.
a subbasal yellow band, at the base black. Bourbon, Mauritius; Madagascar.

M. aesalon Mab. (66 e). Similar to milvus , the discal lines in the forewing more contrasting, the hindwing aesdlon.
with a broad yellow median band. Madagascar, Mauritius, Comoro Is.

M. pachycerus R. <Sc J. (66 e). Similar to aesalon, antennae longer and thicker, abdomen with 3 orange pachycerus.
lateral spots, the abdominal segments 5 — 7 contrastingly black, the base of the 6th white, the central spots
on the under surface of the 1st to 3rd segments almost white. Fore wing darker, the markings less distinct,
the space between the discal lines filled with blackish, stigma absent. The orange band of the hindwing is
narrower. Hindwing beneath with a distally sharply defined shorter yellow area at the anal margin, transverse
lines quite indistinct. Madagascar.

M. trochilus Hbn. (= fasciatum Wllgr., lysithous Bsdv.) (66 e). Antennae very long, body olive green, irochilus.
abdomen with an orange lateral streak. Forewing with olive green transverse bands, also the discal area more
or less dusted with olive green. Hindwing dark red-brown with an orange median band, the dark marginal
band separated by a broad purple brown zone from the yellow median band. South and East Africa, Comoro
Is. — The West-African race trochiloides Btlr. is often smaller, the forewing more monotonous, the hindwing irochiloides.
with a pure yellow band and a broader black, narrow purple marginal band.

48. Genus: Yjeiacosti’opliiis R. u. J.

Separated from Macroglossum by the short last antennal joint and the stalked veins 3 and 4 in the
hindwing being separated.

L. commasiae Wkr. (66 e). Belt of abdomen on segments 3 and 4, on segment 5 in front one and commasiae.
behind two spots, all bluish -white . West Africa.

L. hirundo Gerst. (66 e). Belt of abdomen on segments 4 and 5, dorsally in front and behind broadly hirundo.
indented, chalk-coloured, rarely with a bluish tint. South and East Africa.

Subfamily: Choerocampinae.

The only subfamily in which the bristly appendage on each side of the base of the proboscis (the
remnants of the mandibles?) is divided into two parts, the distal one being set with long bristly hairs. Last
antennal joint oblong, almost without scales, at the end with 6 or more bristles. Tibiae never spiked, posterior
tibiae always with 2 pair of spurs. Paronychium always on each side with two lobes.

49. Genus: Celerlo Oken.

First palpal joint inside at the apex without dense scales, the 2nd joint inside without a long apical
scale-tuft. Antennal ends thickened. Margin of forewing entire.

A geopolitically distributed genus, in the Ethiopian Region only 1 species.

C. biguttala Wkr. (= eleagni Bsdv., euphorbioides Sirh.) (66 f). Pulvillus present. Abdomen with 2 biguiiata.
distinctly black lateral spots. In the forewing the veins are not paler, the costal-marginal area not contrastingly
darker, without a darker basal band, rather monotonously coloured, marginal area broad darker, obliquely
bordered by a reddish ochreous line. Hindwing black with a dark red discal band, at the anal margin paler,
the marginal area narrow cream-coloured. Madagascar.

50. Genus: Cliaerocina R. u. J.

The second palpal joint does not rest broad on the first, distinctly separated, smoothly scaled, without
a terminal tuft inside, the first joint without a cavity outside at the end, this joint also scaled, inside at the
end with but few scales. One species :

Ch. dohertyi R. A J. (66 f). Forewing brown, with a darker subbasal band, a black stigma-ring and dohertyi.
an oblique straight line from the apex. Hindwing pinkish-red, the base and submarginal band black. British
East Africa.

oplieltes.

marshalli.

megacra.

lacordairci.

medea.

nigriia.

Ictlicornis.

char is.

schenki.

g cry on.

osiris.

chloris.

380 RHODAFRA; EUCHLORON; BASIOTHIA; HIPPOTIOK. By Dr. M. Hering.

51. Genus: Eliodafra R.u.J.

Easily recognizable by the 2nd palpal joint showing on the outside a row of dehiscent hairs forming
a distinct crest and appearing to be the continuation of the cilia of the posterior edge of the eyes, otherwise
similar to Celerio.

Rh. opheltes Cr. (= mariae Wllgr.) (66 f) recalls some forms of Cel. euphorbiae, at once discernible by
the abdomen above showing but 1 pair of black spots. South Africa.

Rli. marshalli R <b J. The forewing lacks the light ochreous oblique streak from the apex to the inner
margin near the base, the wing thus being almost uniformly densely olive brown, the marginal area being less
light, too. Expanse: 50 mm. Mashonaland.

52. Genus: Eueldoroit Bsdv.

Second palpal joint very much smaller than the first, inside scaled. Tegulae at the end with a long tuft
of fringes.

Eu. megaera L. (66 f). Forewing green, basal spot and stigma black, tornal spot and costal-marginal
spots as well as some dots in the marginal area brown. Hindwing with a black base, a black discal band as far
as vein 5 beginning from the tornus, and a brown irregular marginal band which may be indistinctly green in
the posterior portion. Common in the whole of Africa. — In lacordairei Bsdv. the discal band of the hindwing
is narrower and nearly the whole dark distal margin broadly dusted with green. Madagascar and the neigh¬
bouring islands.

53. Genus: Basiothia Wkr.

First palpal joint at the end spherically arched, with a transverse ridge of scales or a hair-fringe line
along the eye, on the inside densely scaled.

B. medea Fldr. (= indriaeus B.sdv., idricus Wkr., clio F., onotherina Martijn, idrieus Bsdv., trans-
figurata Wllgr.) (66 g). Forewing green with darker lines and a brown tornal spot. Hindwing orange with a
brown marginal band. In the whole of Africa and Madagascar; common. ■ — In the form nigrita Clark the
hindwing is reddish-brown, gradually passing over into the dark marginal band.

B. laticomis Btlr. ( — bifasciata Mob.) (66 g). Wings reddish-brown, forewing with 3 antemedian
lines, a shadowy spot distally to the cell-end and 3 discal lines darker, an oblique line from the apex traceable
and indistinct. Hindwing feel-brown, marginal area indistinctly darker. Madagascar.

B. charts Bsdv. ( celerionina Wkr., celerina Bsdv.) (66 g). Similar to schenki, mostly smaller, abdomen
above with a double white line. Ground-colour of hindwing red. East, South and West Africa.

B. schenki Mschlr. (= protocharis Mschlr.) (66 g). Larger, abdomen above with a single white line.
Ground-colour of hindwing red. South and East Africa.

54. Genus: llippotion Hbn.

Antennae in the 2 at the end thickened, palpi plain, the 2nd joint inside without a terminal tuft, the
first inside densely scaled. Larvae in front thickened, with 1 or several ocelli. Also in the Palaearctic andlndo-
Australian Regions.

H. geryors Bsdv. (66 g). Antennae with pink scales, abdomen with black basal spots on the side. Fore¬
wing dark brown, with blackish slanting transverse lines and whitish longitudinal streaks, an oblique yellowish-
white band from the apex to before the centre of the inner margin, containing 2 fine brown lines. Hindwing
dark brown with an ochreous indistinct submarginal band. Madagascar, Comoro Is. — In the habitus similar
to the Indo-Australian H . velox F . in which, however, the oblique light band is not distinctly defined by dark
towards the margin.

H. osiris Dalm. (— osyris Bsdv.) (66 g). Abdomen with 2 black lateral spots, hindwing with a black
subbasal spot below the cell. In the whole of the Ethiopian Region, also in Madagascar, sometimes penetrating
to the north as far as Spain. Larva similar to that of celerio.

H. chloris R. cb J . This species looks like a hybrid between H. celerio and Basiothia medea, but the
hindwing is more extensively black than in these two species, and on the forewing beneath there is no trace
of yellow. Forewing faded green, lines green, arranged almost as in celerio, but the discal ones less oblique;
three interior discal lines defined by a pale green band (analogous to the silvery one in celerio) ; the line proceeding
from the apex is more or less black, ending in a black dot. Margin undulate. Hindwing more extensively black,
discal band and anal-marginal stripe yellowish ochreous. Expanse: 56 mm. British East Africa.

HIPPOTION. By Dr. M. Hering.

381

H. pentagramiraa Hmps. is said to be allied to clitoris. Body greyish-brown, abdomen beneath white.
Forewing pale greyish-brown, costal margin reddish-brown, traces of 2 red-brown antemedian lines, distaily
acute-angular; 5 very oblique curved discal lines, at the costal margin incurved, an oblique streak from the
apex; marginal area thinly dusted with blackish. Hindwing blackish-brown, submarginal area reddish, from
vein 5 to the fold with thin dark vein-dots. Marginal area grey, dusted with blackish. Expanse: 46 — 58 mm.
Abyssinia, Somaliland.

H. celerio L. (= tisiphone L., inquilinus Harr., phoenix Oken, ocys Hbn.) (Cf. Vol. II, p. 258, pi. 42 b).
A smaller species, abdomen without dark lateral spots, hindwing without a black subbasal spot. Distributed
nearly over the whole ,,01d World“, also very common in Africa and Madagascar, but nowhere the formation
of races is noticed.

H. aporodes R. & J. is similar to celerio. Forewing darker brownish-black, the light band less silvery
and with 2 brown lines, the olive stripe in the direction of the margin is sharply separated into two lines (on
both sides of the black line), the outer line being very thin. The discal band of the hindwing is narrow and
brighter red. Gold Coast.

H. horns Roeb. is likewise similar to celerio , in the forewing the median band is yellowish, not silvery,
before it there is a narrow yellowish-browm band. Median band not extending so far to the base of the wing
as in celerio. Hindwing darker red, discal band narrower. Abdomen without a distinct light dorsal line.
Cameroon. (It may be identical with aporodes l).

H. isis R. & J. Allied to the preceding ones, abdomen without black lateral spots, forewing without
the pale oblique band. Hindwing as in celerio. Expanse: 58 mm. Only 1 specimen known, without a statement
of the habitat, but surely an African species.

H. eson Cr. (= gracilis Btlr.) (67 a). Forewing loam-coloured brown, with 9 dark lines, all of which
are rather straight, the basal 6 being parallel and oblique. Hindwing red, marginal area, costal margin and a
round basal spot blackish. In the whole region everywhere common.

H. aurora R. & J . Fore wing as in eson, but greyer, lines 1 and 2 forming a band as far as the base
of the wing, line 6 beginning from vein 5 very thin. Hindwing almost as in osiris, but darker red, the black discal
area broader, its posterior portion not isolated. The black postdiscal band is not so sharply defined. Expanse:
76 mm. Madagascar. — In the smaller gloriosana R. & J . the margin is shorter and more sharply convexly
angled, the submarginal line much stronger than on the forewring. Isle of Gloriosa near Madagascar. — In
delicata R. & J . the forewing is paler than in the preceding two races, the slanting double line reaching the
inner margin 4 mm distant from the base is less distinct, whereas the shortened oblique apical line is very
distinct. The black colouring in the hindwing is more reduced. Farquhar I. near Madagascar.

H. balsaminae Wkr. (67 a). Forewing yellowish loam-coloured, with 8 oblique straight lines, only the
two proximal ones being more curved and darker brown. Stigma black. Hindwing dark brown, discal area
pale ochreous, marginal area somewhat olive brown. Larva green with a brown median line above, a black
ocellus on the 4th and a red one on the 5th segment, both in white rings; it lives on Jussieua. Common in
the whole region.

H. iambertoni Clark. Body above olive green, abdomen beneath loam-coloured, dusted with brown,
laterally more light red. Fore wing light olive green, markings dark olive green. A strong line from the apex
as in batschi (67 a), but towards the base of it 3 more lighter parallel lines which die away towards the costal
margin. From the strong line towards the margin a fifth line, the space between lines 4 and 5 filled with dark.
Farther towards the margin a 6th and a feeble 7th line. Stigma and dark clouds distaily to it as in batschi.
Hindwing black with a narrow, sometimes interrupted light pink postmedian band which widens towards the
anal margin. Expanse: 54 mm. Madagascar.

H. saclavonim Bsdv. (67 a). Similar to batschi, but the body and forewing above of a loamy yellowish
Isabel colour, abdomen laterally yellow, except at the base. Under surface rather white. Forewing with several
distinct lines. Hindwing blackish-brown, at the tornus Isabel-coloured. Madagascar.

H. batschi Kejerst. ( — humilis Btlr.) (67 a). Body and forewing above reddish brown, body beneath
pinkish-brown, abdomen without yellow lateral spots, in the forewing but one line is really distinct, not quite
so oblique as in saclavorum, tornal spot of hindwing and its fringe pinkish brown. Madagascar.

H. butleri Saalm. (67 a) is said to differ from batschi in the presence of an irregular, proximally blurred
white band of the forewing extending from the apex to the inner margin near the tornus. Madagascar.

H. exclamationis Fawc. Forewing similar as in the following species, more separately dusted with
blackish, with a distinct and strong discal line, more curved than in roseipennis. Discal spot blacker. Hindwing
as in roseipennis. British East Africa.

H. roseipennis Btlr. (67 b). Forewing olive green, with 2 stronger and several feebler not very oblique
transverse lines, with a large blackish spot at the cross-vein. Hindwing as in balsaminae. East Africa.

H. diyllus Fawc. (67 b). In the habitus similar to Basiothia medea F ., but the wings are light ochreous,
hindwing more pinkish, with a darker marginal band. Kedai, East Africa.

penta-

gramma.

celerio.

aporodes.

horus.

isis.

eson.

aurora.

gloriosana.

dclicaia.

balsaminae.

lamberioni.

saclavorum.

batschi.

butleri.

exclama¬

tionis.

roseipennis.

diyllus.

382

THERETRA. By Dr. M. Hering.

rosae.

moorei.

canens.

rebell.

dexippus.

irregularis.

jugurtha.

tessmanni.

capensis.

monteironis.

caj us.

perkeo.

ugandae.

orpheus.

pelius.

intensa.

scotinus.

H. rosae Btlr. (67 b). Antennae pink, body and forewing bluish-grey, forewing at the inner margin
before the tornus covered with brown scales, the stigma is a brown dot. Hindwing dark grey, at the tornus
with dark brown spots. South-West Africa.

H. moorei Jord. differs from rosae in the absence of the white lateral stripe on the head and thorax.
Forewing sometimes shorter, transverse lines somewhat more distinct. Hindwing pinkish brown, marginal
area grey, at the distal margin and on the veins pink. Body silvery grey, dusted with pink. Tanganyika. —
In canens Jord. there is no pink dusting whatever, except on the antennae. Abyssinia.

H. rebeli R. & J . (67 b). Antennae with snow-white scales; forewing yellowish loam-coloured speckled
with brown, likewise without complete transverse lines, with a brown spot behind the cell-end and before the
tornus, part of a postdiscal band, and an oblique streak from the apex. Stigma small, black. Hindwing
yellowish loam-coloured with an indistinct brown-speckled marginal band. North-East Africa.

H. dexippus Fawc. (67 b). Similar to rosae, but the antennae bluish-grey, forewing with a curved
median band and a more indistinct submarginal line. Hindwing ochreous, with a darker median and submarginal
band. Keclai, East Africa.

H. irregularis Wkr. (= crossei Rothsch.) (67 b) is the only species exhibiting a cavity at the end of the
1st palpal joint. Forewing olive brown with more indistinct oblique lines, only the 5th being distinct by intense
black vein-dots. Hindwing blackish-brown, at the margin lighter reddish-grey. West Africa, Uganda.

55. Genus: Theretra Hbn. (Gnathostypsis Wllgr.).

Second palpal joint inside with a terminal tuft which is turned downward; first joint inside at the end
regularly densely scaled, outside with a cavity at the end. Likewise represented in the Oriental Region.

Th. jugurtha Bsdv. (= obliterata Rothsch.) (67 c). Abdomen without lines, sometimes with a dark
basal spot, the cavity of the 1st palpal joint sharply defined. Forewing olive green, clouded with yellowish
ochreous, with a darker antemedian and 2 discal lines, the latter touching a submarginal line, rarely with still
more though indistinct lines. Hindwing dark brown. West Africa.

Th. tessmanni Gehl. (67 c). Wings light ochreous olive with 2 parallel indistinct transverse lines in the
forewing. Fringes in the forewing brownish-pink. Cameroon.

Th. capensis L. megara Mull., aeas Cr., cecrops Cr., immaculata Gwelin, ostracina Wallgr., octo-
maculata Ky.) (67 c) is an easily recognizable species. Forewing green, marginal area somewhat darker, stigma
red. Hindwing red, at the margin brownish. South and South-East Africa. Larva with an ocellus on the 4th
segment, green or brown, with a pale stripe from the 5th segment to the horn which is short and obtuse, in
the young larva long and S-shaped; it lives on Vitis and Cissus.

Th. monteironis Btlr. (67 c). Similar to the following cajus; of the oblique lines the 1st and 2nd are
almost equally strong, both in the dark oblique stripe, the line 3 is isolated, feeble, in the light stripe, 4 very
intensely dark brown, the others feebler. Hindwing dark brown with a yellowish ochreous discal band con¬
taining traces of 1 or 2 transverse lines. South Africa.

Th. cajus Cr. (= celeano Ysp., gordius Stoll, gortys Hbn., epicles Bsdv.) (67 c). In the forewing lines
1 and 3 strong, connected by dark dusting, between them the feebler 2nd line. Line 4 feeble, situate in the
light stripe, line 5 very strong and broad, much stronger than line 6. Hindwing in the marginal half yellowish
ochreous, at the margin whitish with a dark submarginal and discal line. South and South-East Africa. —
The West- African race perkeo R. <£• J. (67 d) is smaller and paler, line 5 of the forewing not stronger than 6,
hindwing without a distinct brown discal line. — In the East-African ugandae Clark the size corresponds to
that of perkeo, the marking to that of cajus. Hindwing unicoloured dark, only with a light submarginal line,
forewing and the lines on the hindwing beneath darker than in both the races.

Th. orpheus II. -S. (= natalensis Rothsch., orphaeus Dist.) (67 d). Hindwing above with 3 dark median
lines, the cavity of the first palpal joint distinctly defined. Fore wing of a blackish-brown ground-colour, the
pale discal oblique band indistinct and interrupted. South Africa. — The West- African pelius R. & J . (67 d)
has narrower wings and less contrasting colours, the straw-coloured parts in the forewing are red-brown, and
the hindwing is also red-brown instead of blackish-brown. — Darker and with broader wings than the nominate
race is: intensa R. «£• J., but in the forewing the lines are less distinct, the oblique band behind very distinct
and pale, but the costal margin not paler than the cell-end. Comoro Is. — The race from Southern Nigeria:
scotinus R. <1- J . is similar to intensa ; but in the forewing the pale band extending from the centre of the inner
margin to the apex, posteriorly whitish-grey, at about 3 mm, otherwise smoky-grey.

CENTROCTENA. By Dr. M. Hebing. 883

56. Genus: Centroctena R. u. J.

The only genus of the Clioerocamgnnae in which the shorter spur of the middle tibia shows a crest of
bristles, similar as in the genus Nepheie. Second palpal joint broader than long.

C. rutherfordi Drc. (= saalmulleri M.schlr., undulata Auriv.) (67 d). Of the discal lines the exterior rutherfordi.
ones are undulating at least at the costal margin. West and East Africa.

C. imitans Btlr. differs from the preceding species in the narrower forewing being more dentate at the imiians.
margin, all the discal lines being straight, nowhere undulating. Hindwing with a more distinct paler discal
area and a distinct black line. East Africa.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the African Sphingidae.

* signifies that the form is also figured at the place quoted.

achlora Antin. Hold. Ent. News 4, p. 340 (1892).
abyssinica Pseudocl. Lucas, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. p. 606, t. 13,
f. 2 (1857). *

accentifera Neph. Beauvois, Ins. Air. Am4r. p. 264, t. 24,
f. 1 (1805). *

adansoniae Polyp. Bsdv. Spec. G4n. L6p. H4t. 1, p. 7 (1875).
aeas Pher. Cr. Pap. Exot. 3, p. 57, t. 226, f. A (1779). *
aenopion Neph. Btlr. Trans. Zool. Soc. Ld. 9, p. 622 (1877).
acquivalens Neph. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 191 (1856).
aesalon Macrogl. Mab. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 1879, p. 299.
affinis Polyp. B. & J. Nov. Zool. 9 Suppl. p. 246, t. 1, f. 12
(1903). *

afra Leucophl. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 17, p. 12, t. 1, f. 1 (1891). *
africana Batocn. Dist. Ann. nat. Hist. (7) III, p. 179 (1898).
albilinea Temn. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 11, p. 436 (1904).
aldabrensis Batocn. Auriv. Voeltzkow, Reise in Ostafr. 2
p. 334 (1909).

alluardi Macrogl. Ky. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 99 (1894).
alluaudi Macrogl. Joann. Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1893, p. 52.
amabilis Polyp. Jord. Nov. Zool. 18, p. 135 (1911).
ancylus Polyp. B. & J. Nov. Zool. 23, p. 258 (1916).
andosus Polyp. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 159 (1856).
angulosa Temn. B. & J. Nov. Zool. 13, p. 182 (1906).
anoehus Polyp. B. & J. Nov. Zool. 13, p. 179 (1906).
anomala Antin. Btlr. Ann. nat. Hist. (5) 10, p. 434 (1882).
ansorgei Sphingonaep. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 11, p. 438 (1904).
apicalis Lik. B. &. J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 265, t. 5, f. 5
(1903). *

apiciplaga Temn. Karsch. Ent. Nachr. 17, p. 291 (1891).
aporodes Hipp. B. & J. Nov. Zool. 19, p. 135 (1912).
apus Cephon. Bsdv. Faun. Madag. p. 79, t. 10, f. 4 (1833). *
argentifera Neph. Wkr. List. Lep. Ins. B. M. 8, p. 194 (1856).
argyropeza Temn. Mab. Bull. Soc. Philomat. (7) 3, p. 135
(1879).

assimilis Polyp. B. <£• J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 242 (1903).
astaroth Coelon. Bsdv. Faun. Madag. p. 86 (1875).
atrofasciata Temn. Holt. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 16, p. 59,
t. 2, f. 3 (1889). *

atropos Acher. L. Syst. Natur. ed. 10, p. 490 (1758).
aureata Temn. Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 17, p. 293 (1891).
auriomaculata Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 88 (1894).
aurora Hipp. B. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 812 (1903).
avinoffi Temn. Clark Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 6, p. 109,
t. 12, f. 6 (1916). *

bainbridgei Libyocl. B. & J. Nov. Zool. 13, p. 180 (1906).
balsaminae Hipp. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 138 (1856).
barnsi Polyp. Clark Proc. New. Engl. Zool. Cl. 9, p. 49 (1926).
basalis Leptocl. Wkr. List. Lep. Ins. B. M. 35, p. 1858 (1866).
batschi Hipp. Keferst. Jahrb. Ak. Erfurt (2) 6, p. 14, t. 2,
f. 4 (1878). *

baxteri Polyp. B. it. J. Nov. Zool. 15, p. 259 (1907).
belgica Polyp. Clark, Proc. New. Engl. Zool. Cl. 9, p. 47 (1926).
benitensis Pseuden. Holl. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 16, p. 57,
t. 2, f. 2 (1889). *

beuglini Cerid. Bsdv. Spec. G£n. L4p. H4ter. 1, p. 57 (1875).
bianchii Pseudocl. Oberth. Ann. Mus. Genov. 18, p. 734, t. 9,
f. 8 (1883).

bicolor Libyocl. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 96 (1894).
bifasciata Basioth. Mab. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 1879, p. 345.
biguttata Celer. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 172 (1856).
bipartita Neph. Btlr. Ann. nat. Hist. (5) 2, p. 455 (1878).
boisduvali Polyp. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 18, p. 152 (1897).
bourkei Platysph. Trim. Ent. Mag. 46, p. 209 (1910).
brevipennis Temn. Bothsch. Iris VII, p. 296, t. 5, f. 5 (1894. *
brevis Coelon. B.& J. Nov. Zool. 22, p. 28, t. 20, f. 2 (1915). *
brevis Polyp. Obthr. Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1909, p. 233.
brisaeus Temn. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 106 (1856).
brunnea Temn. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 72 (1894).
brunnescens Temn. Clark Proc. New. Engl. Zool. Cl. 6, p. 110,
t. 12, f. 7 (1916). *

bueliholzi Polian. Pltz. Stett. ent. Zeit. 41, p. 76 (1880).
burorum Polyp. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 81, A. 2, 1915, p. 131.
butleri Hipp. Saalm. Lep. Madag. p. 118, t. 5, f. 51 (1884). *
butleri Hypaed. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 69, t. 6, f. 4 (1894). *
butti Hoplist. B. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, suppl. p. 50 (1903) t. 5,
f. 15. *

cajus Ther. Cr. Pap. Exot. 2, p. 80, t. 146, f. F. (1777). *
calcareus Polyp. B. & J. Nov. Zool. 14, p. 92 (1907).
camerounensis Temn. Clark Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 8, p. 62
(1923).

canens Hipp. Jord. Nov. Zool. 33, p. 383 (1926).
capensis Ther. L. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 349 (1704).
cardinalli Pemba Tams, Entomol. 58, p. 258 (1925).
carteri Lophost. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 97 (1894).
carteri Polyp. Btlr. Ann. nat. Hist. (5) 10, p. 435 (1882).
cecrops Ther. Cr. Pap. Exot. p. 57, t. 226 f. B. (1779). *
celaeno Ther. Esp. Ausl. Schmett. 2, p. 203, t. 28, f. 2 (1782). *
celerina Basioth. Bsdv. Spec. G4n. L4p. H4t. 1, p. 238 (1875).
celerio Hipp. L. Ilyst. Natur. ed. 10, p. 491 (1758).
celerionina Basioth. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 136
(1856).

charis Basioth. Bsdv. Deleg. Voy. Afr. Austr. p. 595 (1847).
eharoba Neph. Ky. Trans. Ent. Soc. Ld. 1877, p. 239/243.
cliloris Hipp. B.&. J. Nov. Zool. 14, p. 94 (1907).
chromapteris Panog. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1877, p. 168.
cinereofusca Temn. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78 A, p. 155 (1912).
circe Callosph. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1915, p. 106, 1. 1, f. 1.*
clementsi Temn. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 69 (1894).
clio Basioth. F. Spec. Ent. Syst. 3, 1, p. 377 (1793).
cocquereli Batocn. Bsdv. Spec. G6n. L6p. H4t. 1, p. 191,
t. 4, f. 2 (1875). *

comma Neph. Hpffr. Monatsber. Ak. Wiss. Berlin 1857, p. 421.
commasiae Leucostr. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 90
(1856).

comorana Batocn. B.& J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 191 (1903).
comorana Maassen. B.& J. Nov. Zool. 22, p. 286 (1915).

384

Alphabetical List of the African Sphingidae.

comorana Pseudocl. B. & J. Nov. Zool. 23, p. 254 (1916).
comorana Temn. R. & J . Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 573, t. 7,
f. 4 (1903). *

coraoroana Coelon. Clark Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 9, p. 99
(1927).

eomoroana Neph. Clark Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 8, p. 61
(1923).

compar Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 251 (1903).
confinis Cephon. Bsdv. Spec. G4n. L6p. H6t. 1, p. 376 (1875).
confusa Temn. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 161 (1856).
conimacula Neph. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 558.
consanguineus Polyp. Dist. Ann. nat. Hist. (7) 3, p. 179
(1899).

consimilis Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 250 (1903).
conspersa Platysph. Dewtz. Mitt. Milne hen. Ent. Ver. 3, p. 29,
t. 1, f. 2, 2 a (1879). *

constrigilis Platysph. Wkr. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow 1,
p. 328 (1869).

continentis Neph. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 562 (1803).
contrarius Polyp. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 7, p. 1735
(1856).

convexa Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 246, t. 1, f. 8
(1903). *

convolvuli Herse L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 490 (1758).
corticea Lithosph. Jord. Nov. Zool. 27, p. 510 (1920).
coryndoni Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 251, t. 2,
f. 7 (1903)/ *

crenata Likom. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 14, p. 93 (1907).
crenulata Temn. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 338, t, 15, f. 8 (1893). *
crossei Hipp. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 3, p. 22 (1896).
curtula Temn. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 15, p. 260 (1907).
curvilimes Temn. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. p. 375. *
cyaniris Cephon. Ky. Trans. Ent. Soc. Ld. p. 233 (1877).
cymatodes Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 19, p. 130 (1912).
cynniris Cephon. Guer. Ic. Regne Anim. 2, p. 495 (1844).
cytis Polyp. Drc. Ent. Mo. Mag. 19, p. 18 (1882).

delicata Hipp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 22, p. 293 (1915).
delicatus Polyp. Jord. Nov. Zool. 28, p. 278 (1921).
demoliui Lophost. Angus Kaff. Illustr. t. 30, f. 11 (1849). *
densoi Neph. Kef erst. Jahrb. Akad. Erfurt (2) 6, p. 14, t. 2,
f. 5 (1870). *

derasa Neph. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 556 1903).
destigmata Neph. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78 A, p. 154 (1912).
dexippus Hipp. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1915, p. 109,
t. 2, f. 25. *

diana Pseudocl. Gehlen, Int. ent. Zeitschr. Guben 16, p. 104
(1922).

dicanus Temn. Bsdv. Spec. G6n. L4p. H6t. 1, p. 307 (1875).
diffusus Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 456 (1910).
digitatus Polyp. Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 17, p. 14, t. 1, f. 3
(1891). *

discifera Neph. Karscli, Ent. Nachr. 17, p. 298 (1891).
distanti Pemba R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 46 (1903).
diyllus Hipp. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1915, p. 109, t. 2.
‘f. 23. *

dohertyi Chaeroc. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 742, t. 6,
f. 5 (1903). *

dorus Temn. Bsdv. Spec. G6n. L4p. H4t. 1, p. 305 (1875).
dumolini Lophost. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 250
(1856).

edentata Leucophl. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 23, p. 254 (1917).
efulani Antineph. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 9, p. 53
(1926).

eleagni Celer. Bsdv. Spec. G6n. L4p. H4t. 1, p. 160 (1875).
elegans Temn. Rothsch. Iris 7, p. 298 (1894).
enodius Polyp. Holl. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 16, p. 66, t. 4,
f. 3 (1889). *

epicles Ther. Bsdv. Spec. G4n. Lep. H6t. 1, p. 244 (1875).
eranga Temn. Holl. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 16, p. 61, t. 2,
f. 7 (1889). *

erato Temn. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1915, p. 108, t. 1,
f. 2. *

erlangeri Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 810 (1903).
erlangeri Odontos. R.& J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 811 (1903).
erosus Polyp. Jord. Ent. Mitt. 12, p. 54 (1923).
erubescens Polyp. Wkr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Ld. (3) 1, p. 263
(1862).

eson Ilipp. Cr. Pap. Exot. 3, p. 57, t. 266, f. C (1779). *
euphorbioides Celer. Stvh. Cat. Lep. Mus. Ox. 1, p. 22 (1892).
excisa Temn. Wkr. List. Lep. B. M. 8, p. 119 (1856).
exclamationis Hipp. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1915, p. 109.
t. 2, f. 24 *

falcatus Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 247, t. 10,
f. 12 (1903). *

falkensteini Atemn. Dewtz. Mitt. Munch, ent. Verein. 3, p. 23,
t. 1, f. 1 (1879). *

fcillax Temn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 72 (1894).
fasciatum Macrogl. Wll.gr. Oefv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 15, p. 139
(1858).

favillacea Pemba Wkr. List. Lep. Ins. B. M. 35, p. 1856
(1866).

ferax Polian. R. & J . Nov. Zool. 23, p. 247, 1916.
foliaceus Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 257 (1903).
formosa Phylloxiph. Schultze, Arch. Naturg. 80 A, H. 2.
p. 125 (1914).

fulgurans Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 254, t. 2,
f. 14 (1903). *

fulvinotata Coelon. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1875, p. 11.
fumosa Temn. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 193 (1856).
fumosus Polyp. R. & J . Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 254, t. 2,
f. 10 (1903). *

funebris Neph. Fbr. Ent. Syst. 3, 1, p. 371 (1793).
funebris Temn. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 340, t. 15, f. 4 (1893). *
fuscata Temn. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 576, t. 7, f. 21
(1903). *

geryon Hipp. Bsdv. Spec. G4n. L4p. H6t. 1, p. 241, t. 7, f. 3
(1875). *

gigas Acanthosph. Auriv. Ent. Tidsskr. 12, p. 228, t. 1, f. 1
(1891). *

gloriosana Hipp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 22, p. 293 (1915). *
gnathostypsis Wllgr. Oefr. Vet. Ak. Poch. 15, p. 137 (1858).
goodi Polyp. Holl. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 16, p. 64, t. 4, f. 2
(1889). *

gordius Ther. Stoll, Pap. Exot. 4, p. 147, t. 367, f. A (1782). *
gortys Ther. Hbn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 136 (1822).
gracilipes Sphingonaep. Wllgrn. Wien. ent. Monschr. 4. p. 42
(1860).

gracilis Hipp. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1875, p. 8, t. 2, f. 2. *
grandidieri Pseudocl. Mob. Bull. Soc. Philomat. (7) III,
p. 135 (1879).

grandidieri Temn. Btlr. Ann. nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 234 (1879).
grayi Polyp. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 249 (1856).
griseata Temn. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 568 (1903).
grisescens Coelon. Saalm. Lep. Madag. p. 129, t. 3, f. 37
(1884). *

giissfeldti Acanthosph. Deivtz. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ver. 3,
p. 27, t. 2, f. 1, 1 a (1879). *

liamata Lycosphing. Dewtz. Mitt. Munch. Ver. 3, p. 28, t. 2,
f. 2 (1879). *

hesperus Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 23, p. 260 (1916).
heuglini Cerid. Fldr. Reis. Nov. Heteroc. t. 78, f. 2 (1874). *
heydeni Maassen. Saalm. Ber. Senckenbg. Natur. Ges. 1878,
p. 89.

hirundo Leucostr. Gerst. Wigem. Arch. Naturg. 37, p. 360
(1871).

hollandi Libyocl. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 6, p. 62,
t. 7, f. 3 (1916). *

liollandi Lycosph. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. VI, p. 64,
t. 8, f. 1 (1916). *

liollandi Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 261, t, 5, f. 3
(1903). *

hollandi Temn. Clark Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 7, p. 74 (1920).
hornimani Rhadin. Drc. Ent. Mo. Mag. 16, p. 268 (1880).
horns Hipp. Rober Ent. Rdscli. 38, p. 24 (1921).
humilis Hipp. Btlr. Ann. nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 234 (1879).
hylas Cephon. L. Mant. Plant, p. 539 (1771).

iapygoides Temn. Holl. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 16, p. 60
t. 2, f. 5 (1889). *

idriaeus Basioth. Bsdv. Deleg. Voy. Air. Austr. p. 595 (1847).
idricus Basioth. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 125 (1856).
idrieus Basioth. Bsdv. Faun. Madag. p. 73, t. 10, f. 5 (1833). *
illustris Neph. Jord. Nov. Zool. 27, p. 512 (1920).
illustris Typhos. R, & J. Nov. Zool. 13, p. 406 (1906).
imitans Centroct. Btlr. Ann. nat. Hist. (5) 10, p. 432 (1882).
immaculata Ther. Chnel. Syst. Nat. 1, 5, p. 2386 (1790).
ineonspicuus Polyp. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78 A, p. 151 (1912).
infernalis Neph. Ky. Trans. Ent. Soc. Ld. 1877, p. 239, 244.
infernelutea Deileph. Saalm. Lep. Madag. p. 123 (1884).
innotata Neph. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 560 (1903).
inornata Temn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 71, t. 5, f. 8 (1894). *
inquilinum Hipp. Harris Exp. Engl. Ins. p. 93, t. 28 Lep. f. 1
(1781).

Publ. 12. 111. 1928.

Alphabetical List of the African Sphingidae.

insignis Hypaed. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Ld. 1877, p. 398,
19 f. 3. *

intensa Ther. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 788, t. 5, f. 13
(1903). *

irregularis Hipp. Wkr. List. Lep. Ilet. 13. M. 8, p. 152 (1S50).
isis Hipp. R. <fc J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 753 (1903).

jansei Xenosph. Jord. Nov. Zool. 27, p. 169 und 512 (1920).
jasmini Panog. Bsdv. Spec. G4n. L4p. H4t. 1, p. 114 (1875).
jordani Pemba Joic. <Sc Talb. Ann. nat. Hist. (8) 17, p. 477
(1916). *

jugurtha Ther. Bsdv. Spec. G4n. L4p. Het. 1, p. 256 (1875).
juniperae Oligogr. Men. Bnum. Corp. Anim. Mus. Petr. Lep.
p. 89 (1857).

uniperi Oligogr. Bsdv. Deleg. Voy. Afr. Austr. II, p. 595
(1847).

karsclii Libyocl. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 220 (1903).
kindunus Polyp. Strd. Int. ent. Zeit. Guben 12, p. 115 (1918).
kivui Polyp. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 9, p. 48 (1926).

lacordairei Euchl. Bsdv. Faun. Madag. p. 73, 1. 11, f. 1 (1833). *
lambertoni Hipp. Clark, Proc. New. Engl. Zool. Cl. 8, p. 68
(1923).

lannini Neph. Jord. Nov. Zool. 33, p. 381 (1926).
lapidatus Polyp. Joic. & Kaye Ann. nat. Hist. 20, p. 230,
t. 8, f. 1—2 (1917). *

last! Temnorip. RothscH. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 70, t. 5, f. 5 (1894). *
latieornis Basioth. Btlr. Ann. nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 233 (1879).
latimargo Temn. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 584 (1903). *
laucheana Polian. Drc. Ent. Mo. Mag. 19, p. 18 (1882).
lautus Polyp. Jord. Nov. Zool. 27, p. 167 (1920).
leighi Neph. Joic. & Talb. Entomol. 54, p. 107 (1925).
leighi Temn. R. & J . Nov. Zool. 22, p. 287 (1915).
leptis Temn. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 584 (1903). *
leucogaster R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 469 (1903).
leucophaea Praed. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. t. 66, f. 10,
p. 52 (1903). *

lingens Panog. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1877, p. 169.
livida Temn. Holl. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 16, p. 63, t. 3, f. 4
(1889). *

lobipcnnis Hypaed. Strd. Archiv Naturg. 79, A. p. 83 (1913).
lunulata Antin. R.& J . Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 598, t. 6, f. 16/17
(1903). *

lysithous Macrogl. Bsdv. Spec. G4n. L4p. H4t. 1, p. 335
(1875).

maculata Temn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 71 (1894).
maculifera Antin. Holl. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 16, p. 69,
t. 3, f. 2 (1889). *

maculosa Neph. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 558 (1903).
inagnifica Odontos. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 71, t. 5, f. 7
(1894). *

major Libyocl. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 22, p. 284 (1915).
malgassica Neph. Fldr. Reis. Novar. Heteroc. t. 76, f. 2 (1874). *
marcida Antin. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 340, t. 15, f. 7 (1893). *
marginalis Polyp. Btlr. Ann. nat. Hist. (5) 10, p. 435 (1882).
marginata Temn. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 185 (1856).
mariae Rhodafra Wllgr. Oefv. Vet. Ak. Forh. 32 (1) p. 93
(1875).

marmorata Polian. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1915 p. 105,
t. 2, f. 22. *

marshalli Polyp. R. & J . Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 253, t. 14,
f. 14 (1903). *

marshalli Praed. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 51 t. 5,
f. 16 (1903). *

marshalli Rhodafr. R.& J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 741 (1903).
martha Polyp. Closs, Int. ent. Zeitr. Guben 5, p. 50 (1911).
mauritii Coelon. Btlr. Trans. Zool. Soc. Ld. 9, p. 606 (1877).
meander Polyp. Bsdv. Spec. G4n. L4p. Het. p. 22 (1875).
medea Basioth. Fbr. Spec. Ins. 2, p. 143 (1781).
megaera Euchl. L. Syst. Natur. ed. 10, p. 492 (1758).
megara Ther. Mull. Naturs. V (1) p. 642, t. 20 f. 5 (1774). *
meloui Polyp. Obthr. Etud. Lep. Comp. 9, p. 133, t. 265, f. 2211
(1913). *

melvus Macrogl. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 66 (1884).
rnetria Libyocl. Jord. Nov. Zool 27, p. 167, f. 7 (1920).
micra Polian. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 809 (1903).
microstigma Neph. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 9, p. 108
(1927).

milvus Macrogl. Bsdv. Faun. Madag. p. 78, t. 10, f. 3 (1833). *
mimosae Polyp. Wllgr. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl. (2) V. 1,
p. 20 (1865).

minata Microsph. Dist. Ann. nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 580 (1897).

XIV

385

mira Cerid. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 287, t. 9, f. 12
(1903). *

molitor Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 19, p. 132 (1912).
monospila Ellenb. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 810 (1903).
monostigma Neph. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 9, p. 35
(1925).

monteironis Ther. Btlr. Ann. nat. Hist. (5) 10, p. 433 (1882).
moorei Hipp. Jord. Nov. Zool. 33, p. 383 (1926).
morgani Nanthop. Wkr. List. Lep. Ins. B. M. 8, p. 206
(1856).

mosambiquensis Oligogr. Joic. <Sc Kaye, Ann. nat. Hist. 20,
p. 305 (1917).

inurina Temn. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 163 (1856).
murinus Polyp. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 11, p. 435 (1904).
muscosa Antin. Holl. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 16, p. 70, t. 2,
f. 8 (18S9). *

mutatus Polyp. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 4, p. 873 (1855).
mylvus Macrogloss. Men. Enum. Corp. Anim. Petr. Lep.
p. 95 (1857).

namaqua Temn. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 571, t. 7, f. 2
1903). *

nana Sphingonaep. Bsdv. Deleg. Voy. Afr. Austr. p. 594
(1847).

natalensis Polian. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1875, p. 13.
natalensis Theretr. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 79, t. 5, f. 13
(1894). *

natalii Temn. Bsdv. Spec. G4n. L4p. H4t. 1, p. 290 (1875).
natalis Temn. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 104 (1856).
neavi Polyp. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1910, p. 462, t. 39,
f. 26. *

negus Lophost. Jord. Nov. Zool. 33, p. 380 (1926).
nephele Temn. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 8, p. 12
(1922).

ncrii Deil. L. Syst. Natur. ed. X, p. 490 (1758).
neumanni Dov. Jord. Nov. Zool. 33, p. 379 (1916).
ncumanni Leucophl. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 9, p. 598 (1902).
nigricans Coelon. Closs. Int. ent. Ztschr. Guben 5, p. 275
(1911).

nigriplaga Polyp. R. <Sc J . Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 259, t. 5,
f. 4 (1903). *

nigrita Basioth. Clark, P. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 7 p. 77 (1920).
niloticus Polyp. Jord. Nov. Zool. 28, p. 277 (1920).
nitida Temn. Jord. Nov. Zool. 27, p. 160 (1920).
numosae Polyp. Wllgrn. Wien, entom. Monschr. 4, p. 42
(1860).

oberthueri Phylloxiph. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 263,
t. 1, f. 4, (1903). *

objectus Polyp. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 78 A, p. 151 (1912).
obliterata Ther. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 75 (1894).
obscura Sphingonaep. Mob. Soc. ent. France (5) 9, p. 344
(1880).

obscurascens Temn. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 79 A, 6, p. 110 (1913).
occidens Polyp. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 9, p. 100
(1927).

occidentalis Pseudocl. R. & J . Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 222
(1903).

octomaculata Ther. Ky. Cat. Lep. Het. 1, p. 651 (1892).
ocys Hipp. Hbn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 135 (1822).
oegrapha Lomoc. Mab. C. R. Soc. ent. Belg. 28, p. 187 (1884).
oenopion Neph. Hbn. Samuil, exot. Schmett. 2, t. 159 (1806). *
olivolinea Polyp. Joic. & Kaye, Ann. nat. Hist. 20, p. 308
(1917).

oneili Pemba Clark Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 9, p. 32 (1925).
onotherina Basioth. Martyn, Psyche t. 23, f. 59, 60(1797).*
opheltes Rhodafr. Cr. Pap. Exot. 3, p. 164, t. 285, f. B (1780).*
orphaeus Ther. Dist. Ann. nat. Hist. (7) 3, p. 180 (1899).
orpheus Ther. H.-S. AuBereur. Schmett. 1, f. 104 (1854). *
ortliographus Polyp. R. &. J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 244,
t. 1, f. 9 (1903). *

osiris Hipp. Dalm. Anal. Entom. p. 48 (1823).
ostracina Ther. Wllgr. Wien. ent. Monschr. 4, p. 42 (1860).
osyris Hipp. Bsdv. Icon. Hist. Lep. 2, p. 18, t. 49, f. 1 (1834). *
ovifera Neph. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 558 (1903).

pachycerus Macrogl. R.& J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 630, t. 5,
f. 9 (1903). *

pachyderma Neph. Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 18, p. 180 (1892).
pallida Pseudocl. Closs, Int. ent. Zeitschr. Guben 11, p. 242
(1917).

palpalis Temn. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 579, t. 7, f. 10
(1903). *

pandora Macrogl. Guer. Icon. R4gne Anim. 2, p. 495 (1844).

49

386

Alphabetical List of the African Sphingidae.

pauperculus Polyp. Holl. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 16, p. 65,
t, 4, f. 1 (1889). *

pechueli Polyp. Dewtz. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ver. 3, p. 28, t. 1,
f. 4 (1879). *

peckoveri Temn. Btlr. Trans. Zool. Soc. Ld. 9, p. 637 (1877).
pelius Ther. R, & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 787 (1903).
pelops Polyp. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1915, p. 107, t. 1
f. 3. *

penaeus Neph. Fbr. Spec. Ins. 2, p. 148 (1781).
peneus Neph. Cr. Pap. Exot. 1, p. 139, t. 88, f. D. *
penricei Hoplist. R. <Sc J . Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 50 t. 12, f. 5
(1903). *

pentagramma Hipp. R. & J. Ann. nat. Hist. 5, p. 455 (1910).
perkeo Ther. R. & J . Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 781 (1903).
perpallidus Polyp. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 341 t. 15, f. 5 (1893). *
phoenix Hipp. Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. 3, 1, p. 760 (1815).
phyllis Platysph. R. <&. J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 226, t. 1,
f. 1 (1903). *

piabilis Platysph. Dist. Ann. nat. Hist. (6) 19, p. 580 (1897).
plagiata Praed. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 51, t. 12, f. 9
(1903). *

plagiata Temn. Wlcr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 105 (1856).
poecila Dovan. R. & J . Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 50, t. 6, f. 9
(1903). *

polia Temn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 11, p. 437 (1904).
poliades Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 13, p. 406 (1906).
postica Pseudocl. Wlcr. List. Lep. Ins. B. M. 8, p. 237 (1856).
praedicta Xanthopan. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 32
(1903).

preussi Temn. Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 17, p. 292 (1891).
prionites Polyp. R. <£• J. Nov. Zool. 23, p. 258 (1916).
protocharis Basioth. Msclilr. Stett. ent. Zeitschr. 33, p. 340
(1872).

pseudo-convolvuli Herse Schauf. Nunqu. Otios. p. 15 (1870).
pseudopylas Temn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 71 (1894).
pulclierrima Odontos. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 70 (1894).

pulchra Leptocl. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 228, t. 66,
f. 9 (1903).

pumila Microsph. Bsdv. Deleg. Yoy. Afr. Austr. p. 594 (1847).
punctum Libyocl. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 14, p. 507 (1907).
pusilla Odontos. Fldr. Reis. Novar. Heteroc. t. 82, f. 1 (1874). *
pygarga Polyp. Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 17, p. 295, t. 1, f. 5, 5 a
(1891). * '

pylades Temn. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 583 (1903). *
pylas Temn. Cr. Pap. Exot. 3, p. 23, t. 206, f. A (1779). *

radiata Temn. Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 18, p. 116 (1893).
raffrciyi Neph. Obthr. Et. d’Ent. 3, p. 31, t. 3, f. 2 (187S). *
ranzani Neph. Bcrtoloni, Mem. Ac. Bologna 2, p. 183, t. 9, f. 6
(1850). *

rattrayi Neph. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 11, p. 436 (1904).
rattrayi Temn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 11, p. 437 (1904).
rebeli Hipp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 761, t. 5, f. 12
(1903). *

rectangulata Neph. Rothsch. Iris 7, p. 300 (1894).
reductus Polyp. Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 17, p. 17, t. 1, f. 2 (1891). *
retusus Polyp. R. <Sc J. Nov. Zool. 15, p. 259 (1907).
reussi Polyp. Strd. Deutsch. ent. Zeit. 1911, p. 650 (1911).
reutlingeri Temn. Holl. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 16, p. 61,
t. 2, f. 6 (1889). *

rhadama Neph. Bsdv. Spec. G^n. L4p. Hdt. 1, p. 146 (1875).
rhadamistus Polyp. Fbr. Mant. Ins. 2, p. 93 (1787).
rosae Hipp. Btlr. Ann. nat. Hist. (5) 10, p. 433 (1882).
rosae Neph. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1875, p. 14.
roseus Polyp. Drc. Ent. Mo. Mag. 19, p. 17 (1882).
roseicornis Poliod. R. <& J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 285, t. 1,
f. 7 (1903). *

roseipennis Hipp. Btlr. Ann. nat. Hist. (5) 10, p. 433 (1882).
roseolus Polyp. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 6, p. 63, t. 9,
f. 2 (1916). *

rosulenta Leucophl. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 23, p. 256 (1916).
rutkerfordi Centroct. Drc. Ent. Mo. Mag. 19, p. 16 (1882).

saalmulleri Centroct. Msclilr. Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. 15,
p. 68, f. 23 (1890). *

saclavorum Hipp. Bsdv. Faun. Madag. p. 71, t. 10, f. 6 (1833).
sardanus Temn. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 116 (1856).
schenki Basioth. Msclilr. Stett. ent. Zeit. 33, p. 339 (1872).
schimperi Neph. Lucas, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 1857 p. 605, t. 13,

f. 1. *

scitula Temn. Holl. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 16, p. 60, t. 2,
f. 4 (1889). *

seotinus Ther. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 22, p. 294 (1915).

scmnus Pseudocl. Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 26, p. 370 (1900).
senegalensis Polyp. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 7, p. 69
(1920).

senniger Polyp. Jord. Nov. Zool. 27, p. 159 (1920).
solani Coelon. Bsdv. Faun. Madag. p. 76, t. 11, f. 2 (1833). *
soror Macrogl. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 629, t. 4, f. 19
(1903). *

spei Polian. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1875, p. 13.
spiritus Temn. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 339, t. 15, f. 9 (1893). *
spurelli Polyp. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 19, p. 128 (1912).
stevcnsi Temn. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 571, t. 7, f. 15
(1903). *

stevensoni Temn. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 9, p. 52
(1926).

stictica Neph. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 562 (1903).
stigma Temn. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 811 (1903).
stigmatica Platysph. Mob. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 2, p. 491
(1878).

subapicalis Temn. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 9, Suppl. p. 572, t. 7,
f. 14 (1903). *

subjectus Polyp. Wkr. Proc. N. H. Soc. Glasgow 1, p. 328
(1869).

sub marginal is Polyp. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 31, p. 37
(1864).

sudanensis Polyp. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 9, p. 100
(1927).

suff usus Polyp. Wkr. Proc. N. H. Soc. Glasgow 1, p. 329
(1869).

tessmanni Ther. Gehlen, Int. ent. Zeit. Guben 21, p. 174
(1927) *.

tisiphone Hipp. L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 492 (1758).
transfigurata Basioth. Wllgr. Wien. ent. Monschr. 4, p. 42
(1860).

triangulifera Neph. Closs, Int. ent. Zeit. Guben 7 (1914)
p. 317.

tridyma Neph. Bsdv. Spec. Gen. L4p. H6t. 1. p. 141 (1875).
trisecta Polyp. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 22, p. 119 (1901).
trochiloides Macr. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1875, p. 5.
tropicalis Praed. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 19, p. 128 (1912).
trochilus Cephon. Guer. Deless., Voy. Ind. Or. p. 81 (1843).
trochilus Macrogl. Hbn. Samml. exot. Sclimett. 2, t. 158
(1824). *

tyrrhus Temn. ( Wlkr. ) Bsdv. Spec. GGi. Lep. Het. 1, p. 303
(1875).

udei Rhadinopr. Karsch, Ent. Nadir. 17, p. 15, t. 1, f. 4
(1891). *

ugandae Ther. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 8, p. 67
(1923).

umbrina Temn. Rothsch. Iris 7, p. 297, t. 5, f. 4 (1894). *
undulata Centroct. Auriv. Oefv. Yet. Ak. Forli. 57, p. 1050
(1900).

uniformis Temn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 1, p. 72 (1894).

variegata Neph. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1875, p. 15.
van Neph. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 197 (1856).
vespera Neph. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1915, p. 108, t. 2,
f. 26. *

vicaria Platysph. Jord. Nov. Zool. 27, p. 164 (1920).
vicina Libyocl. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 22, p. 285 (1915).
virescens Cephon. Wllgr. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. (2)
V. 4, p. 17 (1865).

virescens Polyp. Btlr. Ann. nat. Hist. (5) 10, p. 435 (1882).
viridescens Neph. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. B. M. 8, p. 192 (1856).
virgo Leptocl. Westw., Oates, Matabeleland p. 354, t. E. f. 11
(1881). *

watersi Pseudocl. Btlr. Ann. nat. Hist. (5) 14, p. 407 (1884).
weberi Antineph. Clark, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. 8, p. 64 (1923).
weiglei Polian. Mschlr. Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. 15.
p. 70, t. 1, f. 24 (1887). *

westermanni Atemn. Bsdv. Spec. G4n. Liip. H4t. 1, p. 355
(1875).

wintgensi Tabor. Strd. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 54, p. 228 (1910).
wollastoni Temn. R. & J. Nov. Zool. 15, p. 260 (1907).

xanthopis Leucopld. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1910, p. 461,
t. 39, f. 15. *

xylina Neph. R. J. N. Zool. 17, p. 457 (1910).

zantus Temn. II. -S. AuCereur. Sclimett. 1, t. 23, f. 105 (1854). *
zebu Neph. Bsdv. Spec. G6n. L6p. H6t. p. 148 (1875).

URANIIDAE. General Topics by Dr. A. Seitz

387

14. Family: Uraniidae.

In Vol. II (p. 275) we have put down the most essential general remarks on this very heterogeneous
family. This character of a collective group has induced many authors to divide it, yet up to this day we are
without any elaboration on this polymorphous family. Numbered amongst them are the most magnificent and
most specialised lepidoptera of the globe, besides very small. Geometrid-like lepidoptera of microlepidopteral
sizes, with an expanse of but 1 cm. Moreover, the various Uraniid genera exhibit such external and super¬
ficial resemblances, that their characters are plainly disclosed as occasional convergencies. In Vol. II we have
spoken of 3 main sections being opposed to each other as Uraniinae, Microniinae, and Epipleminae. Even these
subfamilies, however, are not homogeneous, and the Uraniinae as well as the Epipleminae are again split into
very dissimilarly shaped groups of genera . Neither does the geographical range throw any light upon the family,
but on the contrary makes it still more complicated, since those genera being most similar to each other seem
to be without any faunistic connection.

Thus it is only the fact of the larvae having 16 feet and the very remarkable resemblance in the scheme
of the veins that may be mentioned as the only momenta by which the different subfamilies are united to each
other. In these loose unions we may insert other groups ad lib., and thus Hampson places the Apoprogenes
hesperistis (pi. 1 a) between the two families into which he splits the Uraniidae : Sematuridae and Uraniidae ,
and he ranges all these 3 before the Psychidae and behind the C eratocampulae (which he names Syssphingidae).
In doing so he renounces every visible relation, just like Rebel who in his list of lepidoptera places the Uraniidae
before the Epicopiidae. With the latter which are nothing but mimetically transformed Clialcosiinac and thus
to be joined with the Zygaenidae, the Uraniidae have nothing in common but a certain, merely external
Papi£io-resemblance of just a few species. This adaptation is, in morphological and biological respects, of
quite a different import: in the Epicopeia it is true mimicry with the unmistakable purpose of copying the
shape of a protected model ; in the Uraniidae it is the occasional Papilio- like modification of hyperbolic colouring,
shape and decoration.

We shall therefore not attempt here to substantiate the correctness of ranging the family of Uraniidae
at this place ; this can only be done when the delimitation of the Uraniidae and the position of the subfamilies
has been cleared up.

The total number of Uraniidae known amounts to about 730 — 750, according as we regard some colorial
deviations to be distinct species or merely insignificant variations. In the Ethiopian Region only 40 of them
occur, but among them the most beautiful representatives of the family and perhaps the finest of all lepidoptera.
It must be stated, however, that just in this Ethiopian Region there are vast districts where the Uraniidae are
entirely absent, and that these districts are even larger by far than the relatively small districts in which hardly
any representatives of this family are found. It seems that the various subfamilies originate from quite different
epochs of creation: such evidently favouring the sunshine, of a small geographical range ( Chrysiiidia , Urania)
are opposed to original, well adapted genera with an almost universal range ( Epiplema ), lacking any relations
whatever.

1. Subfamily: Uraniinae.

The 9 genera composing this group being incoherently assorted resemble each other by the frequently
Papilio- like shape of the tails of the hindwings and are divided again into the following tribes:

388

URANIIDAE; CHRYSIRIDIA. General Topics by Dr. A. Seitz.

1. Uraniidi : Ethiopian and neotropical.

2. Alcididi: Oriental and Papuan.

3. N yctalemonidi : Oriental and Papuan.

4. Sematuridi : American.

Some of these tribes were regarded as families. The Ethiopian tribe, Uraniidi, is divided into two very closely
allied genera, one of which ( Urania ) being purely neotropical has been dealt with in Vol. VI. Its patria is
remarkably remote from the flying district of its African allies, and in the whole intermediate region no connect¬
ing form has been discovered. Considering the striking exterior of the members of this tribe it is rather
improbable that any further form will be discovered in future. This most conspicuous genus ( Chrysiridia )
exhibits the most splendid lustrous colours known in lepidoptera, on a jet-black ground, and these magnificent
colours are in accord with an elegance of shape conferring on the insect a gracefulness ,, evidently intended by
nature1'. The triangular forewings show rather straight margins, the hindwings are frequently provided with
tails which are narrow, but expanded by a broad border of fringes. The larvae are rather stout, cylindrical,
pale yellow, with smaller and larger black spots, behind and in front dark, covered with dispersed long hairs
which are thickened at the ends, whereby they look like nails. In a reticulate web on the ground they change
into a rounded pupa without any corners and edges, yielding the imago either after four weeks or much later
- according to the season — . The imagines flv around Magnoliae and Mango-trees already early in the morning
after sunrise, sometimes in great numbers and settle on leaves, with their heads turned downward and their
wings spread (A. Reuss), so that the sun shines brightly upon their metallic colours which, however, according
to the observations made by A. Reuss, are not so distinctly exhibited owing to their flying mostly very high,
when the lepidopteron appears as a dark silhouette. According to A. Reuss, the lepidoptera of Chrys. croesus
are of an entirely periodical occurrence, so that they may suddenly appear in numbers in districts where they
had been looked for in vain for years. Migrations which were frequently observed in the allied genus Urania,
have not yet been noted of the Ethiopian species. The flight of the Chrysiridia is described by Reuss to be
nimble and graceful, after few short strokes of the wings the imago glides along floating to great distances; in
the net it behaves calmly and dies on its thorax being slightly pressed. Nevertheless it is difficult, owing to
the delicateness of the appendages of the wings, to obtain quite intact specimens, and many of those contained
in collections have been restored.

1. Subfamiliy: Uraniinae.

Imago large and magnificent, flying in the daytime. Forewdng with 1 inner-marginal vein. Vein 5 a
little above the centre of the cross-vein, 6 + 7 stalked. Hindwing without frenulum, with but 1 inner-marginal
vein, vein 5 from the centre of the cross-vein, 8 freely from the base, with a small precostal spur.

1. Genus; CJarysiri«liit Hbn.

Antennae filiform, palpi long and thin, proboscis present. Forewing broad. Veins 3 and 4 from the
same place, 8 and 9 close together, 10 absent, 11 present. Hindwing with 3 long and 3 short tails. Veins 3
and 4 slightly separated, 6 and 7 more separated. Type: madagascariensis Less.

mcidagas- Chr. madagascariensis Less. (-- ripheus Cr.) (67 f). Almost black with a green marking of a metallic

cctncnsis. jus-(;re on the forewing. In the centre a Y-shaped band, the exterior branch of which is mostly somewhat
separated. At the costal margin, proximad to it. numerous thin lines as far as the lower edge of the cell. In
the marginal area relatively few though strong rows of spots. On the hindwing the median band is in front
mclania. bluish-green, in the middle green, at the anal angle broad reddish- violet. — melania Obth. The distal area of
both wings contains very few green spots. On the hindwing the otherwise white margin of the tails is grey and
lacicvirens. partly somewhat black. laetevirens Oberth. has a more extensive and more yellowish-green, instead of bluish-
green marking, but it is always separable from the following species by the more spotlike marking in the mar¬
ginal area. 75 — 95 mm. Ail the forms only from Madagascar. — Larva 6 cm long, 7 mm thick, with long spatulate
black hairs. Head and body yellow and with black spots. It lives on a kind of Omphalea (Euphorbiaceae).

croesus. Chr. croesus Gerst. (67 f) is extremely similar to the preceding species. The marking on the forewing

is more bluish-green. In the distal area of the forewing there are numerous long and narrow net-shaped lines
instead of the spots; also in the hindwing above the reddish-golden anal spot narrow green streaks in the
nigrescens. marginal area. — nigrescens Pfeiffer is the form of croesus corresponding to the madagascariensis-iovm melania.

90 — 105 mm. East Africa. As the imago only flies near Mango-trees and cocoanut- trees, the larva is presumed
to live on either of them.

URAPTEROIDES; ACROPTERIS. By M. Gaede.

389

Chr. prometheus Drap. is certainly only a bad specimen of croesus and the statement of its patria, St.
Helena^, is wrong.

2. Subfamily: Microniinae.

The following subfamily contains only medium-sized and small species of a mostly very feeble structure,
with a white ground-colour and a pale brown, rarely darker marking.

This subfamily shows no external resemblance whatever with the preceding subfamily. The 5 genera
represented in the Ethiopian Region are decidedly like Geometrids; in their habitus they recall either the
palaearctic or Indian Ur apteryx, or certain South- American Saturnidae from the genus Asthenicha. 1 he African
species are very closely allied to their Indian relations, thus Ur. malagasaria, (67 d) resembles a small Indian
astheniata (Vol. X, pi. 72 a), Acropt. costinigrata (67 e) reminds us of the Indian striataria (Vol. X, pi. 72 d),

Ur. fasciata (67 d) of the Indian eaudiferaria (Vol. X, pi. 72 c) etc.

Nothing particular is known of the larvae. The imagines, wherever they occur, are mostly very common,
like to fly to the light, and in daytime they rest on leaves with their wings spread and sometimes very slightly
raised (similar to Urapteryx sambucaria): on being scared up they only fly few yards. The colouring of all the
African species is more or less white.

1. Genus: IJrapteroitles Mr.

Palpi short, porrect, antennae of thickened, of $ plain. Forewing broad, veins 3-j-4, 6 + 7, and 8+9
stalked. Hindwing with a short, broad, small tail at vein 4. In the Indian genotype: asteniata Gn. veins 3 + 4
of the hindwing are stalked, not so in the African species.

U. falcifera Weym. (= recurvata Wrr., piperita Oberth.) (67 e). Forewing white with 3 pale brown falcifera.
transverse lines from % ancl % °f the costal margin, all three extending obliquely distad. On the cross-vein
a short streak. Hindwing with 2 lines from the costal margin at % and %, both nearing each other and dentate
above the small tail. 45 — 50 mm. East Africa, Madagascar.

U. malagasaria Mab. (= antsianakariae Oberth.) (67 d). Forewing white with 3 pale brown transverse malagasa-
lines from %, y2, % of the costal margin. Hindwing with 2 lines, the distal one of which extends into the tail, TU

the interior one being parallel with it. 50 mm. Madagascar.

U. fasciata Mab. ( — suavis Oberth.) (67 d) is quite differently marked, slightly resembling an Indo- fasciata.
Australian species of Cyphura. Forewing white. Costal margin narrow blackish-brown, apical area at about
Y3 of the length of the wing and towards the anal angle more narrowly blackish-brown. Hindwing at the tail
with a brown spot, in front of it a broad submarginal band and behind it 2 spots blackish-brown. 40 mm.
Madagascar.

2. Genus: Acropleris Hbn.

Palpi delicate, bent upward. Antennae of thickened. Costal margin of forewing bent, apex pointed.

Veins 2+3 stalked in the + in the $ veins 3 and 4 from the cell-angle, veins 6 + 7, and 8 + 9 + 10 stalked.

Hindwing at the base of the costal margin with a projecting lobe. For further particulars on the genus cf. Vol. II,
p. 275.

A. costinigrata Warr. (67 e). Forewing white, costal margin with black spots. Marking similar to the costinigra-
Indian striataria Clerck. (Vol. X, pi. 72 cl). A straight faded shadow in the cell, a double line from y3 and %
of the inner margin, and a double submarginal line formed of streaks, united near the apex. Hindwing with
an indistinct basal band, a broad median one and a narrow distal one, all of them formed of small streaks;
behind them a dissolved submarginal band. Beneath: greyish-brown, $ white. 30 — 38 mm. Ogowe, Togo,
Cameroon, Spanish Guinea.

A. nigrisquama Warr. is likewise similar to striataria (Vol. X, pi. 72 d). Beneath there are black scales nigrisqua-
at the base of the forewing, the distal margin is slightly pressed in. 34 mm. Niger District. In my opinion
this may be the $ belonging to the 2 described of costinigrata.

A. insticta Warr. is also similar to striataria (Vol. X, pi. 72 d). Distinguished by the absence of bands insticia.
which are replaced by brown nebulous stripes. A broad stripe from y3, a narrow one from 2/3 of the inner margin,
and a very narrow submarginal stripe. All of them meet near the apex. On the hindwing the third band is
connected with the distal margin by irregular striation. 32 mm. 1 A from Madagascar.

A. illiturata Warr. (= deprivata Pagenst., vacuata Warr.) (67 f). White with few pale brown scales, illiturata.
Median vein of $ strongly bent forward, distal margin rounded. The 3 bands similar as in the species of

390

APLOSCHEMA; MICRONIA; DISSOPRUMNA. By M. Gabdb.

angulataria.

semifascia¬

ta.

albidiorata.

erycinaria.

plenifascia.

Micronia parallel with the distal margin, very indistinct, mostly only the median one recognisable. Hindwing
without a black spot on the small tail. Beneath white. 28 — 34 mm. East Africa, Greater Comoro. Madagascar.

3. Genus: Aploscfltema Warr.

Forewing at the costa and distal margin slightly curved. Hindwings with small tails at vein 4. In
the forewing veins 3 and 4 in both sexes from the cell-angle, 6-)- 7 and 8 +9 + 10 stalked. In the hindwing veins
3 + 4 and 6 + 7 stalked. Type: angulataria Gn.

A. angulataria Gn. (= albaria Plotz) (67 h). White. Forewing with fine brown striae chiefly at the
costal margin. Two pale brown lines from V3 and % of the inner margin, the distal one extending to the apex,
the proximal one nearing the distal one. with a few submarginal striae. On the hindwing a straight basal and
median line and a curved distal brown line, submarginal striae. In the small tail a large black spot, before
and behind it a smaller one. 26 — 34 mm. In the wbole of Tropical Africa.

4. Genus : Micronia Gn.

Palpi delicate, long. Antennae thickened. Shape of wings similar to Acropteris. Veins in the forewing:
veins 2+3 on a short stalk, 6 and 7 from the cell-angle, 8+9 + 10 stalked. Type: aculeata Gn. For further
particulars cf. Vol. II, p. 276.

M. semifasciata Mob. wings silky white with lead-coloured bands wbich are indistinct on the forewing,
while on the hindwing 4 are recognisable, parallel with the distal margin, the most distal one being the most
distinct. Beneath the base and costa of the forewing are grey, otherwise white. 42 mm. Madagascar.

M. albidiorata Mab. Size and marking similar to semifasciata though whiter. On the forewing the
oblique white band is only half as broad, straight, not curved. At the margin the grey streaks border on a
narrow white band. Hindwing similar to semifasciata. Fringe of forewing brown with a black basal line, on
the hindwing the same, excepting the small tail. Beneath nearly all white. 42 mm. Congo.

5. Genus: Missoprunma Warr.

Forewing: costa and distal margin curved, apex rounded. Hindwing with a dent on vein 4, anal angle
lobate. Neuration of forewing: veins 8 + 9 + 10 and 11+12 stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 + 4 and 6 + 7 on
short stalks. Type: erycinaria Gn.

D. erycinaria Gn. (67 f). Wings lactean with 4 light brown bands, almost vertical to the inner margin,
a subbasal one and a proximal one being single, a median and subterminal one being double. All four are
continued on the hindwing and meet at the anal angle. Near the inner margin an intense black spot and one
at the anal angle. 32 — 36 mm. Sierra Leone, Togo, Cameroon, Spanish Guinea.

D. plenifascia Rbl. Wings white, the two proximal lines on the forewing more oblique, the two double
lines at the costal margin strongly developed, in front and behind partly filled with brownish. Marginal line
broader blackish-brown. 38 mm. Tanganyika District.

3. Subfamily: Epipleminae.

This subfamily which is difficult to define contains a number of just as heterogeneous genera as the
Uraniinae. The larvae are only known of 2 or 3 among the 550 species known: a small, very feebly haired larva
with 16 feet. The lepidoptera of the genus Epiplema comprising almost 300 denominated forms are remarkable
for the peculiar attidue of their wings. They do not rest flatly spread as Geometrids do, but the forewing is
most peculiarly rolled up like a paper bag or a small tube and then stretched sideways, whereas the hindwings
are closely packed to the abdomen. With more than a dozen species in Asia this genus penetrates into the
palaearctic region; only about 20 species are African, all the others Indo- Australian or American. A remarkably
great number of species have been described from New Guinea and the adjacent islands, undoubtedly being
the' centre of the range for this subfamily as well as for the preceding one; also in the northern parts of Australia
quite a number of common lepidoptera are met with yet. In daytime they rest hidden in the tangled mass
of weeds and, on being scared, they fly awav, very much like the Acidalia, only for a few paces. Sometimes
the peculiar folding of the wings is expressed in uncoloured parts of the wings, as for instance in V. instabilata
(67 h), where the part of the wings, which is rolled up in the resting insect, remains colourless. (Seitz.)

EPIPLEMA. By M. Gaede.

391

Small species with a notched hindwing, likewise similar to Geometridae. Colour mostly yellow or brown.

1. Genus : Spfpleina H.-Schtiff.

This genus also occurs in the palaearctic region and has therefore been dealt with already in Vol. II,
p. 278. Palpi porrect, projecting beyond the frons. In the forewing veins 6 + 7 and 8 + 9 stalked. In the hindwing
short dents at veins 6 and 4. Distal margin of forewing sometimes feebly angular. Type : acutangularia H.-Schdjf.

Most of the species hitherto known have been described by W. Warren, and their types are in the Tring
Museum in England.

E. nigrodorsata Warr. (67 g). Forewing chalky white with purple grey and brown scales. Costal margin nigrodor-
with dark grey spots. Basal area somewhat ochreous. Central band bordered with parallel lines which are saia‘

angular on the median and vein 4, filled with grey and brown excepting the costal margin, the darkest in the
submedian fold. Centre of distal area grey, 5 submarginal black dots, behind them dark grey; hindwing with
a similar median band. Basal and marginal areas grey. Beneath white, partly with a bronze gloss. 17 mm.

Angola.

E. nymphaeata Warr. Forewing white, finely dotted brown. The 2 lines of brown spots only distinct nymphaea-
at the costal and inner margins. From % and 2/3 of the costal margin to 2/5 and 3/5 of the inner margin. The
interior line strongly excurved, touching a brown cellular spot, the exterior line excurved on vein 6. Between
them more densely striated brown, at the inner margin least. Five blackish-brown submarginal dots. Distal
margin behind it brown. Hindwing with traces of an interior, exterior, and submarginal line. The first as a
black spot in the submedian fold, the second as a curved black streak in the fold. Cellular spot and a spot
below each dent black. Beneath white, base of forewing brownish. 18 mm. East Africa.

E. petpulchra Wait. On the forewing the base and marginal area of a grey pearl-colour, median area perpulchra.
of an ochreous flesh-colour. Median lines from +3 and beyond the centre of the costal margin to % and 4/5 of
the inner margin, both being bordered with grey. The first double-angular, the exterior one excurved in the
centre of the wing. Costal area in the centre of pearl-colour, a lobate brown spot before the centre of the inner
margin. Fringes grey. Hindwing with a narrow median band, obtusely rounded. Base and submarginal area
pale. Margin rust-coloured, 2 dark brown lunae between the dents, a light brown spot below the lower dent. In
the $ the median band is reddish. 22 — 30 mm. East Africa.

E. triumbrata Warr. Forewing chalky white, finely striated in grey. Lines very delicately brown, from triumbraia.
Yi and % of the costal margin to ]/3 and 3/5 of the inner margin. The first sharply angled outwards on the
median vein, the second obtusely angled at vein 6 and inwards on the median vein, below it slightly bent forward.

Between them two oblong grey spots at the inner margin and above the median vein. A submarginal grey
band, 5 submarginal black spots. Marginal line and fringes brown, the latter with a white base-line and white
spots. Hindwing with a fine interior and exterior line. Between them only at the inner margin grey, cellular
spot black. An irregular submarginal grey cloud. 26 — 28 mm. East Africa.

E. dohertyi Warr. (67 h). Forewing white, clouded with grey, costa spotted black. The two lines are dohertyi.
fine white, edged with black, from *4 an(I % of the costal margin to +> and % of the inner margin. The first
on the median vein sharply angled outwards, the second vertical, on vein 4 slightly introangular, outside bordered
with grey, inside with a rusty brown. The space between them in front filled with lead-colour, behind with
a whitish grey. A large brown submarginal spot on the centre, black submarginal dots. On the hindwing the
costal area is white. Interior line double-angular, blackish-brown ; exterior line curved, fine white, inside bordered
with rust-brown. Behind it a nut-brown spot, dark spots on the inner marginal fold. Expanse 10 mm. East
Africa.

E. instabiiata Wkr. (67 h). Forewing densely striated greyish-brown or red-brown. Behind the cell instabilaia.
and broadly at the inner margin white. Hindwing at the costal margin broad white, the rest red-brown mixed
with violet, the border-line between very irregular. 18 mm. Cameroon. Distributed towards the east as far
as the Salomons.

E. sigillata Mob. (67 h). This species is described by the author to resemble theclata Guen., without any sigillata.
differences being mentioned. I consider the figured specimen to be that species. Forewing violettish-brown.

The two median lines darker brown, from y3 and }/, of the costal margin to % and % of the inner margin.

The interior line in the cell angled outwards, then somewhat indistinct, the exterior line angled on veins 6 and 4,
outside bordered with a lighter colour. The space between them darker brown. An indistinct submarginal
shadow. Marginal line blackish, fringes lighter. Colour of hindwing corresponding to forewing. Interior line
angular on the median vein, exterior line rounded on vein 4, above it somewhat pressed in. Median area darker,
the two lines bordered with a lighter colour, margin and fringe as on forewing. Median band of forewing broader,
particularly at the inner margin, the band on the hindwing not so much curved as in theclata. 15 mm. East
Africa. Described from Madagascar.

E. confuscata Warr. (67 li). Forewing dark slate-coloured brown, dotted darker. Lines marked at the conjuscaia.
costal margin by dark spots at % and +3 of the costal margin. The first indistinct as far as the centre of the
wing, the second indistinctly curved into a dark spot at 2/3 of the inner margin, where it is outside finely bordered
with white. A submarginal row of 5 black spots, inside bordered with pale, outside with brown. Hindwing

392

EPIPLEMA. By M. Gaede.

with lustrous greyish-brown scales. Exterior hire sharply angled on vein 4, bordered with light, in front of
it a blackish shadow from the centre of the wing to the anal margin. A broad dark brown streak on the cross-
vein, followed by the interior line to the anal margin. A black submarginal line of lunae, in front of it above
vein 4 lighter. 22 mm. Sierra Leone.

illineata. E. illineata Warr. Forewing white. Interior line only indicated by some fine dots. Exterior line from

% of the costal margin strongly excurved, in the centre with a few brown and black dots. A deep black spot
at the anal angle, fringe white. Hindwing with an interrupted basal and postmedian line, submarginal line
of pale brown dots, a fine black line to the anal angle. 24 mm. Natal.
barbara. E. barbara Warr. (67 h). Forewing sandy ochreous with brown dots. First line faded, the second brown,

from the costal margin close behind the centre bent outward to vein 4, where it is angular, obliquely inwards
to a vertical brown spot at 2/3 of the inner margin. A narrow curved brown subterminal mark behind the cell
and a brown cloud at the anal angle. Hindwing with an oblique brown streak on the cross-vein. A double pale
brown, postmedian line which is angular before the lower dent, then undulated to the anal angle. The interior
branch with a dark spot at the costal margin, a brown shadow in the arch below the median vein. A dark brown
line between the dents, a brown spot above the lower dent. 20 mm. East Africa.

ansorgei. E. ansorgei Warr. (67 h). Forewing dull chalky white with a pale brownish-grey marking. The first

line at of the costal margin, curved, indistinct. The second from 2/3 obliquely distad, forming a feeble angle
at veins 6 and 4, then vertical to % of the inner margin. The line is greyish-brown, double, in the submedian
fold marked with black. Submarginal brown spots on the centre and at the anal angle. Hindwing with an
indistinct interior and double exterior fine brown line, obtusely angled on vein 4, then undulating to the anal
angle, where it is inside bordered with dark. Margin with a metallic streak from the anal angle almost to the
apex. A submarginal shadow and spot on the cross-vein of a variable distinctness. 20 — 22 mm. Togo, Spanish
Guinea, Uganda.

rotunda. E. rotunda Warr. (67 h). Forewing white, dotted brown. Two black dots at %. and y2 of the costal

margin. Interior line absent. Exterior line double, brown, curved, behind the cell and at the inner margin
expanded as a spot. Brown submarginal spots in the centre and at the anal angle. Hindwing with a double
curved exterior line being obtusely angled at vein 4, before and behind it in the submedian fold greyish-brown.
Below vein 5 a glossy spot. 18 mm. Sierra Leone, Spanish Guinea.

iumigera. E. fumigera Warr. (67 g). Forewing white. Interior line curved, interrupted, from y3 of the costal

margin to % of the inner margin. Exterior line from 2/3 of the costal margin obliquely to vein, 6, indistinct,
then vertical to vein 3, indicated bv black scales, then to 2/3 of the inner margin nut-brown. Behind it a smoky
brown shadow and a vertical greyish-black submarginal band proceeding from a spot at the anal angle, inter¬
rupted above vein 6. Behind the cell dark marginal scales and black submarginal spots. Hindwing vrhite with
a double, sharply angled exterior line, the interior branch darker, the exterior branch greyish-brown, very
indistinct. At the costal margin and apex brown scales. A dark brown line between the dents. 24 mm. Came¬
roon, Natal.

subdistinc- E. subdistincta Warr. Forewing white, basal area feebly brownish with indistinct lines. Exterior line

la • pale brown, double, from behind y2 of the costal margin to 2/3 of the inner margin, excurved above the cell
and slightly incurved behind the cell. A yellowish submarginal shadow not quite to the costal margin. Hindwing
with a brown cellular spot and a double brown exterior line, obtusely angular on vein 4. The interior branch
as on forewing with a black spot above vein 2. Marginal line of a light lustre, at the anal angle expanded into
a spot.

semipida. E. semipicta Warr. (67 h). Forewing pale grey, dusted with brownish. Interior line formed of blackish

dots. Exterior line fine and distinct, from 2/3 of the costal margin obliquely outwards to vein 6, then vertical,
beginning from vein 4 it is slightly incurved to the inner margin near the anal angle. A brown luniform spot
near the subapical indenture. Fringe light from the apex to the centre, then dark. Hindwing lilac brown with
a dark sharply angled interior line. The exterior line angular at vein 4, dark brown, bordered with light, in
front of it near the inner margin broad brown. Discal spot long-curved. A rust-coloured spot in the angle of
the interior line. 15 mm. East Africa, Spanish Guinea.

asinina. E. asinina Warr. Forewing dingy grey, densely dusted with a darker colour. Lines dark brown. The

first line at x/3 of the costal margin, strongly excurved on the median vein. The second from 3/5 of the costal
margin convex to vein 4, then concave to % of the inner margin. Before it a faded dark shadow which forms
a black spot at the inner margin. Submarginal dark brown spots, inside black from the apex to the centre.
Hindwing with lines as on forewing, but the exterior line more sharply angled at vein 4; behind it a light line
bordered with dark, before it a dark shadow. Marginal shadow brown, between the dents edged with black,
therein with 3 short white lines. 20 mm. Natal.

inclegans. E. inelegans Warr. (67 g). Forewing dull lilac grey with fine dark dots, without the two normal lines.

Some black scales at the anal angle, a spot at the inner margin and one more above it. Hindwing with an
irregular rust-brown line from a dark spot at 2/3 of the costal margin to the anal angle with black dots at the
veins. Ail undulating brown line between the dents. 24 — 26 mm. Niger District, Cameroon.

Publ. 10. III. 1928. EPIPLEMA ; DIRADES ; GATHYNIA ; HETEROPLEMA. By M. Gaede.

393

E. melanosticta de Joannis. Ochreous, finely dusted with black. Lines of forewing only traceable; melanostic-
interior line indicated by black dots at the costal margin, cell, and inner margin. At the cell-end some dark la-

spots. Exterior line almost straight, indicated by the absence of the black dusting. A black apical spot and an
oblique subterminal row of dots. On the cross- vein of the hindwing a black angular streak, spots at the inner
margin indicating the interior line. 18 mm. Mauritius.

E. carbo Warr. (67 g). Forewing reddish-brown, at the base paler. Interior line indistinct, blackish, carlo.
from y3 of the costal margin to y3 of the inner margin, outwardly angled below the costa. Exterior line strongly
curved from behind the centre of the costal margin to vein 4, then introcurved to 4/5 of the inner margin. An
oblique, irregularly curved streak near the margin from the apex to vein 4. Fringe dark with a light base-line.

On the hindwing the interior line is composed of black dots, indistinct. E'xterior line ochreous, angular at vein 4,
on each side bordered by blackish, particularly inside at the costal and anal margins. A black spot at the
margin below the lower dent. Distal margin of fore wing slightly angular (d). 20 — 22 mm. Cameroon, Fernando-
Po, Spanish Guinea, Sierra Leone, Uganda.

E. negro Warr. (67 g). Similar to carbo. Forewing brownish ochreous. Interior line absent. Exterior negro.
line blackish, from behind *4 of the costal margin to 2/3 of the inner margin, obliquely distad to vein 4 where
it forms an obtuse beak, then inwards, above vein 1 another small dent, where it is inside bordered with dark.

Hind wing with a brown double line from % of the costal margin to the anal angle, obtusely angled on vein 4.

On the fore wing a dark submarginal lunar spot near the apex. Hindwing beneath yellowish-grey with a dark
line from the costal margin near the apex to the centre of the anal margin. 22 — 26 mm. East Africa, Cameroon,

Togo.

E. costilinea Joicey. Above grey, dusted with brown, forewing at the apex paler. A yellow exterior costilinea.
line, inside edged with black, rectangular from the costal margin, at vein 4 sharply angled, then indistinct to
the inner margin. A dark submarginal spot at vein 5. Discal and anal spots dark. Hind wing with 4 fine lines,
the postmedian one vertical from the costal margin to vein 4, submarginal line black, subapical line yellow.

Length of fore wing 15 mm. Udjidji.

E. truncataria Wkr. is presumably no species of Epiplema.

2. Genus: Dirades Gn.

Palpi bent upward, antennae of d thickened. Forewing broad. Distal margin uniformly curved. Vein 5
a little below the cell-angle, veins 6 + 7 and 8+9 stalked. Hindwing mostly with small dents at veins 4 and 7.

Vein 3 a little before 4, 6 + 7 sometimes stalked. Type: theclata Gn.

D. theclata Gn. (67 h). Pale brown. On the forewing behind the centre of the inner margin a semi- theclata.
circular blackish-brown spot from the outside of which a dark double line extends, parallel with the distal
margin, to the costal margin. Marginal line dark. On the hindwing the two lines are brown, edged with light,
curved, the interior line slightly notched. 20 mm. West Africa.

D. anguiifera Warr. Forewing dingy olive-grey, dotted dark. The inner edge of the indistinct dark angulifcra.
median band in the cell strongly incurved, the exterior border angular at vein 6, incurved behind the cell, at
the inner margin marked black. Submarginal area with an ochreous centre-spot, apex nut-brown, anal angle
blackish. Hindwing with a curved median band, behind it a pale band, apex brown. In the $ the band of
the hindwing is strongly angled outside at vein 2. 26 — 30 mm. East Africa.

D. lactea Warr. Forewing milky white with some greyish ochreous scales. Lines greyish ochreous. laciea.

The first line from x/3 of the costal margin to % of the inner margin, with an obtuse angle in the cell. The second
from 2/3 of the costal margin, for a short distance obliquely distad, then nearing the first in the centre. Between
them, in the centre and at the inner margin, pale brown. Before the centre of the distal margin 4 small black
dots. Hindwing with 2 brownish-ochreous lines, curved in the cell. Cellular spot and base at the anal margin
black. 16 mm. South-West Africa.

3. Genus: Cni&thyiiiii Wkr.

Palpi feeble, upturned, antennae in both sexes thickened. In the forewing veins 8 + 9 and 10 + 11
stalked. Hindwing cut out at the costal margin, d with a pencil in the anal-marginal fold. Type: miraria Wkr.

G. auratiplaga Warr. Forewing ash-grey with an indistinct dark interior and exterior line, behind them aurat'vplaga.
an indistinct double submarginal line, marginal line blackish. All the lines interrupted in the centre of the wing.

Hindwing grey, a stripe on the centre of the wing and near the anal margin without any marking, besides 3
fine black lines. Before the anal angle somewhat reddish. 23 mm. Nyassa Land.

4. Genus: Hetcroplenui Warr.

Forewing short and broad, costal margin curved, distal margin cut out between veins 7 and 4, anal
angle sharp. Inner margin straight. Hindwing with an obtuse dent at vein 7 and a hair-pencil in the anal-
marginal fold (G) or at veins 7, 6, 4 dentate ($). Veins similar as in Epiplema. Differences: in the hindwing
8+9 + 10 stalked, in the hindwing vein 2 from near the base.

XIV

50

394

DICROPLEMA; List of Original Descriptions. By M. Gaede.

dependcns.

insolita.

H. dependens Warr. Forewing brownish-grey, dotted darker. Median band dark, bordered with
rust-brown. Inside in the centre incurved, outside at veins 6 and 4 slightly angular. A dark lunar spot between
veins 7 and 3. On the hindwing the median band is (d1) pear-shaped from the costal margin to vein 4, in
the $ extending to the anal angle. 32 — 36 mm. East Africa.

5. Genus: Dicroplema Gaede.

Shape of forewing like that of Heteroplerna, hindwing rounded. Veins of forewing as in Epiplerna. In
the hindwing 1 b on a long stalk with 2, 6-j-7 on a short stalk. Abdominal tuft of $ ending in 2 tips.

D. insolita Gaede (67 g). Forewing in the interior and exterior areas greyish-brown, median area darker,
bordered with rust-brown, on the veins white dots. Interior border from 2/5 of the costal margin outwards to
the centre of the cell, then incurved to the centre of the inner margin. Exterior border from % of the costal
margin obliquely outwards, angular at veins 6 and 4, to % of the inner margin. Hindwing without markings,
yellowish-brown. 33 mm. Kikuyu, East Africa.

In Lep. Comp. Vol. 20, p. 225, Oberthur describes a Micr. arthemisiaria which, judging from the
figure, seems to be a Geometrid. This is almost surely the case with his M. arularia.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the African Uraniidae.

* signifies that the species is also figured at the place quoted.

albidiorata Micr. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 37, p. 62.
angulataria Apl. Gn. Noct. u. Phal. 2, p. 30.
angulifera Dir. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 9, p. 489.
ansorgei Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 8, p. 203.
asinina Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 12, p. 380.
auratiplaga Dir. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 8, p. 7.

barbara Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 6, p. 10.

carbo Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 9, p. 490.
confuscata Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 16, p. 110.
costilinea Ep. Joicey, Bull. Hill-Mus. I, p. 165.
costinigrata Acr. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 4, p. 21.
croesus Chrys. Gerst. Arch. f. Nat. 37 (1), p. 361.

dependens Het. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 9, p. 492.
dohertyi Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 11, p. 462.

erycinaria Diss. Gn. Noct. u. Phal. 2, p. 30.

falcifera Ur. Weym. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 53, p. 117.
fasciata Ur. Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1878, p. 92.
fumigera Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 17, p. 381.

illineata Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 6, p. 11.
illiturata Acr. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 4, p. 199.
inelegans Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 5, p. 229.
insolita Dicr. Gaede. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 77, p. 125.
instabilata Ep. Wkr. Cat. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 35, p. 1646.

i insticta Acr. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 4, p. 21.

lactea Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 4, p. 385.

laetevirens Chrys. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1898, p. 135.

madagascariensis Chrys. Less. Ill. Zool. Taf. 33. *
malagassaria Urap. Mab. Bull. S. Ent. Fr. 1878, p. 92.
melania Chrys. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1898, p. 134.
melanosticta Ep. Ivan. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1915, p. 11. *

negro Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoloog. 8, p. 204.
nigrescens Chrys. Pfeiffer, Ent. Zeitschr. Frankfurt 39 (1925),
p. 135.

nigrisquania Acr. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 5, p. 8 (4, p. 21).
nigrodorsata Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 8, p. 204.
nymphaeata Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 9, p. 490.

perpulchra Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 9, p. 491.
plenifascia Diss. Rbl. Ann. Wien. Hofrnus. 28, p. 283. *

rotunda Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 12, p. 307.

semifasciata Micr. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1879, p. 335.
seinipicta Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 11, p. 462.
sigillata Ep. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1897, p. 228.
subdistincta Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 12, p. 381.

theclata Dir. Gn. Spec. gen. Lep. 2, p. 36.
triumbrata Ep. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 9, p. 491.
truncataria Ep. Wkr. Cat. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 23, p. 847.

THAUMETOPOEIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

395

15. Family: Thaumetopoeidae.

The systematic position of the Thaumetopoeidae or processionary bombycids had to undergo frequent
changes, until it was decided to treat them as a separate family. This severance from their former unions, however,
only took place by degrees and it is not yet definite to this very day. This group which was originally confined
to very few palaearctic forms steadily increased by additions from other families, such as the N otodontidae,
Lymantriidae, and Lasiocampidae. We still reckon on discovering some more straggling genera that may in
future be ranged here, as for instance the Camptoloma which were formerly wrongly classed with the Arctiids,
which fact we had already pointed out in Vol. 2, p. 75. Also in Vol. X (p. 375) a group of Australian Heterocera,
viz. Epicoma and Teara, which till then had been mostly listed in the catalogues amongst the Lymantriidae,
was separated from the latter and added in an ,,aj)penchx“, and E. Strand presumed that they belonged to
the Thaumetopoeidae.

To this relatively recent family quite a number of genera have been added even now, which owing
to certain neural conformities with the N otodontidae were hitherto mostly classed with that family, for instance
the genera Anaphe and Epanaphe with their allies. It is still uncertain whether these genera and all those ranged
here are really connected with the palaearctic Thaumetopoeidae and in what relationship they stand to the
American Tolype (cf. Vol. VI, p. 575 — 583, pi. 79 — 81) which have also been associated with them.

In order to settle this question it is above all necessary to examine biological peculiarities. The nests
of many African species, particularly of Anaphe infracta and A. venata exhibit a striking resemblance to the
pouch-like webs of the Thaumetopoea. This likeness is not only external, but the pouches, especially of Anaphe
infracta, through the fragments of larval hair stored in them, have a similar inflammatory effect upon the skin
and mucous membranes of white men, whereas the negroes are hardly molested maybe owing to then' highly
ammoniacal perspiration. As the Australian Teara and Epicoma also spin such pouch-like nests, from which
they wander to and from their feeding places in well arranged processions, a close relationship of all these
processionary bombycids may still be probable, although the neuration sometimes corresponds rather better
to that of the Arctiidae, sometimes more to that of the N otodontidae or Lymantriidae.

It has been found now that the spun substance the larval nests are composed of can be worked into
silk; and it is especially the species Anaphe infracta, panda and venata that have been considered for the
production of silk. For the wholesale trade comes most in question A. infracta, the most suitable food-plant
of which is stated to be a very common African bush, Bridelia micrantha, which bush develops a considerable
quantity of leaves during a year. The silk thread chiefly differs from that of the other silk-moths in that it
exhibits knots at equable intervals; in A. infracta, for instance, they are about one tenth of the length of the
intermediate piece connecting two knots. Moreover, the thread cannot be reeled on account of its having been
spun simultaneously by a number of individuals, and the web can only be used for the production of chappe-
silk. But the so-called ,,wild silk“ obtained from the Anaphe is better fit for some industrial purposes than
the silk obtained from Sericaria or from Saturniidae. It is of a greater solidity and easier to bleach, but
its lustre is inferior to that of Asiatic silks. It may therefore be chiefly employed for all kinds of materials,
as it makes the textile fabrics soft and also very strong (M. Lehmann). Moreover it may be used for sewing-
silk and a number of other purposes (e. g. the insulation of cables) which will probably only transpire with
the increase of production which last is quite easy in the greater part of Africa and can be carried out by native
labour. It may also be used for the manufacture of velvets, whereby the inferior lustre and the cheapness of
the raw material may lead to a fall in price.

396

THAUMETOPOEA; PARADRALLIA; ANAPHE. By M. Gaede.

In spite of their being protected by their nests, the larvae of Anaphe are pursued by birds, since the
nests serve more for the pupae and are only constructed before the metamorphosis, whilst the larvae assemble
in so-called ,, specula” from which their processions to the feeding-places set out. As several such families unite
for jointly spun pouches, these vary accordingly in size, and they may form little bales 10 cm long and 5 cm
thick, but they may also be half a meter long, 12 cm thick and as heavy as one pound.

All the Thaumetopoeidae differ but very little in their exterior. The size of the of most species varies
between 2% and 3 y2 cm, whilst the expanse of the $$ is mostly 4 — 6 cm. The smallest species are the palaearctic
ones, especially Thaumetop. processioned. The colouring is often a dull grey which may turn yellow or lustrous
silvery white. The marking is extremely plain: either the apical portions of the wings are darkened, or the
forewing is parted by a dark transverse or oblique stripe.

Nearly all the species are inclined to propagate in masses at certain intervals and may therefore cause
considerable damage to cultivation. The fir-woods of Eastern and Southern Europe may often be stripped of
all their needles, and once I discovered in the Pyrenees on a young pine-tree as many as 14 larval pouches.
Although it is of rare occurrence that locally confined districts are entirely stripped, yet the larval hairs being-
distributed through the whole forest may cause great annoyance and molestation. According to Ratzeburg,
the effect of the burning hairs was observed to be even fatal with workmen employed in extirpating this plague ;
wearisome inflammations, especially of the Conjunctiva and of the pharyngal mucous membranes have been
often ascertained. According to von Linstow they are caused less by the longer, projecting hairs, than by
the fragments of the short subuliform hairs provided with secondary stings, falling to a fine dust and being
blown through the air in the forests attacked by these insects. This apprehension which was first expressed
by A. H. Nicolai seems to prove true, whereas de Fable’s opinion, that the hams are hollow and filled with
acidiferous glandular secretions, seems to be a mistake or a generalization with the hairs of Saturniidae etc.,
which has been circulated and even got into the encyclopaedia.

From the Old World about 75 Thaumetopoeid species with about 100 denominated forms are known
up to this day; from America there are not yet any certain species described. — As to the Indo- Australian
forms cf. Voi. 10, p. 375 — 380 and pi. 46, 57.

1. Genus: Thaumetopoea Hbn.

Palpi short, frons with a swelling. Antennae of $ and 9 strongly pectinate. Eorewing at the costal
margin straight, interior angle very much rounded. Vein 6 from the upper angle, 7 -|- 1 0 — |- 8+9 stalked. In the
hindwing 3 + 4 and 6 + 7 stalked, 8 close at the cell and connected with it by a bar. Type: processioned L. from
Europe. The only genuine African species of Thaumetopoea has been discovered relatively late.

In this genus and the following one vein 5 is normal in both wings.

a-pologetica. Th. apologetica Strd. (68 a). Thorax dark greyish-brown, abdomen ochreous. Eorewing dark greyish-

brown with a white oblique band the inner edge of which extends from % of the costal margin, the outer edge
from +3 of the costal margin vertically to the median vein; below the latter it is removed nearer to the base
abyssinica. in the shape of a pendent crescent. Hindwing white, margined with grey. Usambara. - — abyssinica Strd. The
white band only touches the costal margin with its apex and is thereby narrower. Hindwing hardly to the
centre white, the rest greyish-brown. Fringes of both wings light. 24 — 28 mm. Addis-Abeba.

2. Genus: B*ara«SralIia B.-Bak.

Palpi small. In the forewing veins 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 stalked, 10 absent. In the hindwing veins 3 + 4 on
a short stalk, 6 + 7 on a long one. Type: rhodesi B.-Bak.

rhodesi. P. rhodesi B.-Bak. Head and abdomen brownish-ochreous. Thorax straw-coloured. Eorewing straw-

coloured with a black spot on the centre of the cross-vein. Before it a small orange spot in the cell, a similar
one close behind it and 2 in the submedian fold below the base of vein 2. Hindwing without markings, somewhat
darker. 34 mm. Rhodesia.

punctigera. P. punctigera Houlst. Body ochreous-brown. Forewing ochreous, at the base dusted with brownish,

with a black dot on the cross-vein. Interior line as a brownish ochreous spot in the cell and submedian fold.
Exterior line brownish ochreous, parallel to the distal margin, slightly excurved at veins 4 and 3. Before the
margin slight brown streaks between the veins, terminating in intense black marginal dots. Hindwing pale
yellow. $ larger, more yellow, only the black marking present. 34 — 52 mm. Congo.

3. Genus: Anaphe Wkr.

Vein 5 in both wings feeble. Palpi short, proboscis absent. Antennae in and $ strongly pectinate.
Fore wing at the costal margin straight, the apex rounded. Vein 6 from the upper cell-angle, 7 + 10 + 8 + 9

ANAPHE; HYPSOEDES. By M. Gaede.

307

stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 separated, 6 + 7 on a long stalk. Type: reticulata Wlcr. — The larvae
of A. infracta (Uganda) live in two generations, the imagines being yielded in January and September. It takes
each generation 322 — 413 days to become transformed. The number of eggs ranges between 200 and 300.
though there are nests containing 600 larvae. These nests are surrounded with 3 covers, the innermost of which
contains the best silk.

A. reticulata Wkr. (euprepiaeformis H.-Schaff.) (68 d). Thorax brown, tegula whitish. Abdomen orange
with black segmental margins. Forewing creamy, costal margin, inner margin and fringe blackish-brown.
From y2 and % of the costal margin two narrow blackish-brown bands extend to the centre of the inner
margin, two more bands on vein 2 and above vein 4 from the margin to the interior line, the former bending
round to % of the inner margin. Hindwing pale yellow, fringe dark, sometimes with a dark median band.
The typical rare reticulata shows narrow bands on the forewing, ending separately at the inner margin, whilst
the more common ambrizia Btlr. has broader bands being fused at the inner margin. 38 — 60 mm. Cameroon,
East Africa, Helagoa Bay, Natal.

A. panda Bsd. (68 d). Thorax also orange, the segmental indentations on the abdomen hardly darker.
Forewing yellowish-white, inner margin not dark. Both the horizontal bands terminate at the interior transverse
band. Hindwing pale orange with a pale brown median band. Fringe almost invariably light. 45 — 60 mm.
East Africa, Natal. — leplaei Mayne. The whole distal area from the interior transverse band is suffused with
a dark brown, but the marking is still recognizable. 45 — 55 mm. Congo. — infracta Wlsgh. (68 e). The two
radial stripes only extend to the exterior transverse line. Cameroon, Congo, East Africa. 45 — 60 mm.

A. venata Btlr. (68 e). Thorax brownish, tegulae white, abdomen orange. Forewing yellowish- white.
From the centre of the costal margin to the centre of the inner margin a faded dark brown band. Veins in
the distal area brown. This form is rarer than nyansae Strd. which shows another band through the centre of
the distal area which it darkens more or less intensely. Hindwing yellowish- white. The $ of both forms
exhibits the whole distal area of the forewing intensely coloured brown so that the bands can hardly be noticed
( = sericea Karsch). In an extreme form of the $ the darkening almost extends to the base of the wing =
etiennei Schout. 48 — 60 mm. (68 d). Togo, Cameroon, Congo.

A. dempwolfli Strd. (68 a). Body orange, abdomen with black segmental margins. Forewing yellowish-
grey. Costal margin and fringe yellowish- white. Hindwing pale yellow, at the inner margin darker. The $
(being deformed) seems to have darker liindwings. 46 mm. East Africa.

A. aurea Btlr. Body greyish-yellow. Wings light golden brown. In the A the interior half at the costal
margin fine black. Wings beneath margined with ochreous brown. 50 — 60 mm. Madagascar.

4. Genus: Mypsoides Btlr.

Palpi short, proboscis absent. Antennae of $ and $ pectinate. Forewing at the costal margin slightly
curved, distal margin oblique. Veins 3 and 4 somewhat separated, 7 + 8 + 9 stalked, often also 6 yet slightly
stalked, 10 absent. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 are more separated, 6 + 7 on a long stalk, 8 with half its
length next to the cell. In the fore wing vein 5 is present, in the hindwing it is absent. All the species from
Madagascar. The larvae pupate in a nest like the species of Anaphe. Type: bipars Btlr.

A. White species, hindwing without a dark margin.

H. placidus Oberih. Thorax dark yellow, abdomen lighter. Forewing at the costal margin narrow
black, apical band very narrow. 55 mm ($).

H. cleotis Suit, only differs, according to the description, from placidus in the grey segmental margins
on the abdomen. If they should be identical, cleotis has the priority.

H. bipars Btlr. Body ochreous-brown. Wings milky white, at the margin more yellow. Fore wing at
the costal margin and apex distinctly edged chocolate brown. Beneath paler, hindwing at the apex brown.
58 mm.

H. radama Coqu. (1866). Body brownish yellow. Wings milky white. Forewing at the base and costal
margin narrowly blackish-brown. The inner margin of the dark apical band is far excurved in the + whilst
in the $ it extends to the cell and then from vein 3 again as narrow as in the <$. 55 — 68 mm.

B. White species, hindwing with a more or less dark margin.

H. antsianakana Oberih. (68 b). Body light yellow, wings white. Costal margin of forewing narrow
black. Apical band of 0 curved, of $ rectilinearly defined, extending almost to the base of vein 3. Hindwing
of 0 only at the apex somewhat black, in the $ margined in a width of about 2 mm, often only to vein 2.
55 — 65 mm.

H. anosibeana Oberih. (68 a). Body yellow. Costal margin of forewing black, the apical band as far
as or beyond the base of vein 3, rectilinearly defined. In the also the base is dusted with blackish. Hindwing
narrowly edged with black. In the about 2 mm, in the $ 4 mm broad. 50 — 62 mm.

H. perroti Oberih. (68 a). Body yellow. Costal margin of forewing not dark. Behind the cell the white
ground-colour broadly extends into the large apical area. On the hindwing the irregularly defined marginal
band strongly decreases from the apex to the anal angle. (?) 60 mm.

reticulata.

ambrizia.

panda.

leplaei.

infracta.

venata.

nyansae .

etiennei.

dempwolffi

aurea.

placidus.

cleotis.

bipars.

radama.

antsiana¬

kana.

anosibeana.

perroti.

398

HYPSOIDES; EPANAPHE. By M. Gaede.

paulinus.

conglomera-

ta.

timoleon.

culminiden-

tata.

lambertoni.

barrel.

ambriensis.

flavens.

meloui.

diego.

unicolor.

fasciata.

vuilleti.

moloneyi.

subsordida.

C. Transitions to the yellow species.

H. paulinus Oberth. (68 b). Body orange brown. $ forewing milky white, at the costal and inner margins
pale brown. The inner edge of the blackish-brown apical spot is strongly excurved. Hindwing without a
margin. $ pale ochreous. 55 — 60 mm. It may be that cleotis Sivin. is the same species, in which case it would
have the priority.

H. conglomerafa Oberth. Similar. On the forewing the marginal band is more distinctly defined and
darker, and the hindwing is slightly darkened at the margin. 48 — 60 mm.

H. timoleon Oberth. (68 b). Body orange. $ forewing hyaline white, at the costal and inner margins
narrowly orange. The excurved apical band is indistinctly defined. Hindwing pale orange, below the cell
hyaline white. The marginal band is 3 mm broad at most, not extending to the anal angle. $ 48 mm.

H. culminidentata Oberth. (68 b). Body orange. Wings of $ more elongate than in the other species.
At the costal margin orange. The black apical band not so far excurved. Hindwing orange, marginal band
4 — 5 mm broad. In the $ both wings are orange, the inner edge of the broad apical band somewhat undulate.
Hindwing somewhat elongate. 48 — 58 mm.

I). Ground-colour yellow.

H. lambertoni Oberth. (68 b). Body orange. Forewing of $ elongate, golden yellow. The inner margin
of the black apical area is curved. Hindwing narrowly margined with black. On both wings the margin is
indistinctly defined. 50 — 54 mm (<$).

H. barrel Mob. Body and wings dark yellow. Forewing with a very broad black apical area extending
almost to the base of vein 2. Also on the hind wing a very broad band. 50 — 60 mm.

H. ambriensis Pouj. Body and wings ochreous. Marginal band of both wings similar to anosibeana
according to the description, chocolate brown. In the $ the margin is said to be rather narrower, being otherwise
broader. Anal tuft coloured like body, whereas in the somewhat similar barrel it is white.

H. flavens Mob. Like lambertoni without the black margin on the hindwing.

H. meloui Oberth. Body brownish-yellow. Forewing light yellow as far as the broad greyish-black
apical band. Hindwing pale yellow, without a marginal band. 55 — 68 mm.

H. diego Coqu. (68 e). Exactly like meloui, but the similarly shaped apical band is inwardly separated
from the ground-colour by a faded white band. 50 — 65 mm.

H. unicolor Oberth. (68 c). Body orange. Forewing and hindwing pale golden yellow, without markings.
62 — 70 mm ($).

In Bull. Ent. Res. 3 p. 269 a Hypsoides milleti from Uganda is mentioned, the description of which I
have not found. As all the others occur in Madagascar, milleti is presumably no species of Hypsoide-s.

5. Genus: Kpanaplae And.

Shape of wings and marking similar to that of Anaphe. The forewing is without vein 10, both wings
without vein 5. Proboscis present. Type: moloneyi Drc. Habits of larvae also as in Anaphe.

A. Species with black marking in the distal area.

E. fasciata Aur. (68 c). Body and wings whitish-yellow. The frons, a longitudinal band on the abdomen
and the segmental indentations brown. Both wings with a broad rust-brown median band. The latter on the
fore wing almost straight, touching the cell at the base of vein 3, slightly excurved to the costal and inner margins.
Veins in the distal area dark. On the hindwing the band is paler, running across the transverse vein. Beneath
the same. 39 mm. Cameroon.

E. vuilleti Joan. Milky white. Forewing with a narrow brown line from % of the inner margin across
the lower cell-angle. Veins and marginal line brown. On the hindwing the ends of the wings are brown. 42
to 60 mm. Senegal.

E. moloneyi Drc. (68 e). Thorax milky white, abdomen orange. Wings milky white. Forewing at the
costal margin narrow black. The black transverse band is equably broad, in the centre slightly incurved,
ending almost at the anal angle. Inner margin white. All the veins in the distal area and fringes black. Hindwing
with black fringes and also the veins a little black. Gambia, Cameroon, Congo.

E. subsordida Holl. (68 c). Thorax orange; head, tegulae and patagia whitish. Abdomen orange with
white segmental margins. Fore wing at the costal and inner margins narrowly blackish-brown. The transverse
band vertical to the inner margin, in the centre incurved. From this band above vein 4 and below vein 2 radial
bands to the distal margin. Fringe in the centre white, otherwise brownish. Hindwing white, fringe pale brown.
Beneath the transverse band extends to vein 3, the radial band above vein 4 is shortened. Hindwing with a
spot at the costal margin. $ 45 — 55 mm. Togo.

EPANAPHE; CATARCTIA. By M. Gaede.

390

E. candezei Houlst. $ body dark brown, head, margins on the thorax and abdomen white, anal tuft candizei.
ochreous. Forewing only at the costal margin blackish-brown. Fringe brown from the apex to vein 2. Transverse
band similar as in subsordida, not extending beyond the base of vein 3, ending close at the anal angle. Only
on vein 4 a radial streak, on vein 2 only a spot at the distal margin. Hindwing with fringe as on forewing.

$ 58 mm. Congo.

E. mayn£i Houlst. Forewing very narrowly brown at the costal margin. The fringe also at the anal angle maynei.
only yet with white tips, otherwise brown. Transverse band darker, more distinct, straighter, at the costal
margin more remote from the apex than in candezei, its interior edge traversing the base of vein 3. Distal area
from the apex to vein 4 intensely dusted with brown, in the $ darker almost to the anal angle. Hindwing at
the ends of the veins 7 — 2 and at the fringe brownish, in the $ more intensely so. Beneath the same, the dusting
in the distal area very dark. 45 — 57 mm. Congo.

B. Species without black marking in the distal area.

E. carteri Wlsgh. (68 c). Forewing yellowish- white, at the costal margin, inner margin and fringe rust- carteri.
brown. The transverse band remains outside vein 3, being moderately broad, strongly curved. Hindwing with
brown fringe. Beneath the transverse band almost extends to the inner margin, veins 4, 6 and 7 are somewhat
brownish. Hindwing with a brown spot at the costal margin. The type (<3) was an abnormal specimen with
an interrupted band. In the $ the marking is broader. 36 — 55 mm. Congo, Gambia.

E. ealana Strd. (68 d) is very similar to carteri, but the transverse band is much broader, 3% — 4 mm, ealana.
somewhat straighter, fringes lighter, also on the hindwing almost white. Beneath the band is very narrow at
the inner margin in the <$, not so in the $. On the hindwing the brown spot at the costal margin is large.

40 — 55 mm. Congo. — A small specimen (35 mm) from Stanleyville has dark fringes on the hindwings.

E. parva Aur. Similar to carteri, whiter, the band darker, its centre crossing the base of vein 3. Costal parva.
margin, inner margin, fringes of both wings blackish-brown as in carteri. Beneath on the forewing the band
extends to vein 3, hindwing with a blackish spot at the costal margin. $ 32 mm. Cameroon. — parva an(I ealana
are presumably only forms of carteri.

C. Clara Holl. (68 e) is mostly somewhat larger than parva, its band likewise crossing the base of vein 3, clara.
though it seems to be somewhat steeper. Fringes of both wings not quite so dark as in parva. Beneath on
the forewing in the cell chocolate-brown, apical area dusted with dark. Hindwing with the same spot. 30 to
65 mm. West Africa. - — In specimens from Spanish Guinea, which seem to belong to this species, the cell beneath
is not brown.

E. clarilla Aur. (68 d). Similar to clara. The band on the forewing touches the base of vein 3. Fringes clarilla.
of both wings white. Beneath only the beginning of the band is present, otherwise both wings are without
markings. 9 45— 58 mm. Mashona Land.

E. nigripicta Houlst. Likewise with white fringes. Marking black, not blackish-brown. Transverse nigripicia.
band almost straight, narrower than in clarilla, carteri, at the base of vein 3 it slightly enters the cell, and
terminates 3 mm before the anal angle. Costal margin and inner margin narrow black. Hindwing pure white.

Beneath the band of the forewing is entirely absent and only shows through a little. $ 48 mm. Congo.

E. distalis sp. n. (68 cl). The band of the forewing remains far outside the base of vein 3, touches the distalis.
anal angle and is blackish-brown like the costal and inner margins. Beneath on the forewing the band is the
same. Hindwing with a large costal-marginal spot. 42 mm. Cameroon. Type in the Berlin Museum. -
clarilla and distalis may be only forms of clara.

E. unifascia Houlst. 9- Separated from the other species by the laterally white chest. Wings and unifascia.
fringes pure white. Transverse band of forewing hardly 1 mm broad, brownish ochreous, almost parallel to
the distal margin, only excurved at the ends. It begins a little behind the base of vein 7, extending between
the bases of veins 2 and 3 through the cell and terminating 5 mm before the anal angle. Beneath at the costal
margin of the fore wing an orange spot behind the diaphanous transverse band. No other markings. Congo.

6. Genus : Catarctia Holl.

This genus slightly recalling Arctiidae can neither be ranged with the N otodontulae, where it might be
placed owing to the veins, nor with the Thaumetopoeidae from which it differs in the presence of 2 pair of spurs
and the absence of the anal tuft in the 9- However, veins 6 + 7 of the hinclwing rise on a very long stalk,
and the genital apparatus of the is as strongly developed as in the other genera dealt with here. — Palpi
hairy, porrect, proboscis stunted, antennae of <$ and 9 pectinate as far as the tips. Forewing rather narrow,
distal margin angular at vein 3. Veins 3 and 4 together from the same place, 6 from the upper angle, 7 + 8
+ 9+10 stalked. In the hindwing 6 + 7 on a long stalk, 8 nearing the cell in the centre, vein 5 in both wings
far in front. Type: divisa Wkr.

400

CATARCTIA. List of Original Descriptions. By M. Gaede.

divisa.

termini¬

puncta.

subrosea.

biseriata.

C. divisa Wkr. (68 f). Thorax and forewing yellowish-brown with faded reddish-brown bands. At the
base of the cell a black dot, an orange-red dot before the cell-end and above vein 3, and brown marginal dots.
Abdomen orange-yellow with two rows of black dorsal spots. Hindwing pink, at the costal margin yellowish-
brown. $ with a broader forewing and entirely faded marking. 50 — 56 mm. Sierra Leone, Cameroon.

C. terminipuncta Hmps. Thorax and forewing whitish ochreous, dusted with reddish-brown. The spot
at vein 3 is absent. An interior and exterior dark line curved, indistinct. Submarginal line notched, whitish,
behind it reddish-brown. Marginal dots black. Hindwing pale yellow, at the costal margin reddish-brown.
At the cross-vein a pink spot and traces of a white submarginal line. 45 mm. Gold Coast.

C. subrosea B.-Bak. Thorax and abdomen as in divisa. Forewing brownish-yellow with a black basal
dot. Median line fine, irregular. Exterior line broader, excurved, more distinct. Apex and distal area somewhat
darker. Hindwing yellowish, marginal third of a bright pink. In the $ the exterior line on the fore wing is double,
the hindwing entirely pink. 50— 60 mm. Lokoja-District.

C. biseriata Ploetz (68 d). Thorax and abdomen as in divisa. Forewing unicoloured red-brown. Hind¬
wing more reddish, unicolor Drc. in which both wings are unicoloured reddish-brown, is presumably the same
species. Probably biseriata and unicolo: are merely faded, unmarked specimens of divisa.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the African Thaumeto'poeidae.

* signifies that the species is also figured at the place quoted.

abyssinica Thaum. Strd. Bnt. Z. Guben 5 (1911), p. 17.
ainbrizia An. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 19, p. 462.
ainbriensis Hyps. Pouj. Bull. Mus. Par. 9, p. 57.
anosibeana Hyps. Oberth. Et. Comp. 19, p. 110. *
antsianakana Hyps. Oberth. Bt. Comp. 19, p. 110. *
apologetica Thaum. Strd. Ent. Z. Guben 3 (1909), p. 196.
aurea An. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 10, p. 398.

barrei Hyps. Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. (6) 10, p. 146.
bipars Hyps. Btlr. Cistul. Ent. Ill (26), p. 1.
biseriata Cat. Plots, Stett. Ent. Z. 41, p. 84.

canddzei Ep. Houlst. Rev. zool. afr. 12, p. 399.
carteri Ep. Wlsgh. Trans. Sinn. Soc. Lond. (2) 2, p. 423. *
clara Ep. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 390. *
clarilla Ep. Aur. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 699. *
cleotis Hyps. Sioh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 202.
conglomerata Hyps. Oberth. Et. Comp. 21, p. 144. *
coquereli Hyps. Oberth. Et. Comp. 19, p. 104. *
culminidentata Hyp. Oberth. Ft. Comp. 21, p. 140. *

dempwolffi An. Strd. Iris 22, p. 191.
diego Hyps. Coqu. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (3) 3, p. 532.
distalis Ep. Gaede, Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 399. *
divisa Cat. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 765.

ealana Ep. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 88 A (12), p. 170.
etiennei An. Schout. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 56, p. 21.
euprepiaeformis An. H.-Schaff. Aussereur. Schmett. f. 434.

faseiata Ep. Aur. II. Centr. Afr. Exp. p. 1269.
flavens Hyps. Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) 10, p. 146.

infracta An. Wlsgh. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (2) 2, p. 422. *

leplaei A. Mayne , Rev. zool. afr. 3, p. 342. *
lambertoni Hyps. Oberth. Et. Comp. 19, p. 109.

maynOi Ep. Houlst. Rev. zool. afr. 12, p. 399.
ineioui Hyps. Oberth. Et. Comp. 19, p. 108.
moloneyi Ep. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 673. *

nigripicta Ep. Houlst. Rev. zool. afr. 12, p. 399.
nyansae An. Strd. Iris 24, p. 183.

panda An. Bsd. Voy. Deleg. II, p. 600.
parva Ep. Aur. Tidskr. Entom. 12, p. 228. *
paulinus Hyps. Oberth. Et. Comp. 21, p. 142. *
perroti Hyps. Oberth. Ft. Comp. 19, p. 109.
placidus Hyps. Oberth. Et. Comp. 21, p. 142. *
punctigera Par. Houlst. Rev. zool. afr. 12, p. 398.

radama Hyps. Coqu. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) 6, p. 342. *
radaina Hyps. Coqu. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (3) 3, p. 530.
reticulata An. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Hus. 4, p. 856.
rhodesi Par. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 2, p. 256.

subrosea Cat. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 558.
subsordida Ep. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 390. *

terminipuncta Cat. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 488.
timoleon Hyps. Oberth. Et. Comp. 21, p. 141. *

unicolor Cat. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1, p. 210.
unicolor Hyps. Oberth. Et. Comp. 21, p. 143. *
unifascia Ep. Houlst. Rev. zool. afr. 12, p. 402.

venata An. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 2, p. 459.
vuilleti Ep. Joann. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1907, p. 208.

Publ. 3. IV. 1928.

NOTODONTIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

401

16. Family: Notodontidae.

The number of lepidopteral forms belonging to this family in the Old World amounts to about 700
(in America double this number), which are almost homogeneously divided between the palaearctic, Indo-
Australian, and Ethiopian Regions. There are, however, two facts to be considered. Firstly, the tropical
denominated forms are, to this day, nearly all regarded as so-called ,, distinct species“, whereas the names given
to the palaearctic forms often refer to rather insignificant deviations of the colouring. Secondly, the conception
of the N otodontidae has changed several times. American authors have taken large groups which we consider
to be the very typical Notodontid genera (such as Phalera , Pygaera etc.) out of the family and partly established
separate families for them or partly inserted them in other families (e. g. the E upterotidae) . Thus, of course,
the estimates are greatly altered.

The number of Ethiopian N otodontidae hitherto known is about 350, more than half of which, however,
became known only after the elaboration of the palaearctic Notodontidae (1912). In Vol. II the number of
African N otodontidae (p. 283) known at that time was stated to be 100 — 200; soon after, in 1913, Rebel already
counted 250; in the following pages 305 are recorded. As regards the part they play in the different countries
and faunae, we refer to what has been said in Vol. II.

Above all, the Ethiopian N otodontidae , like the palaearctic ones, chiefly live on trees. An extraordinary
number of them have excellently adapted themselves as perfect insects to the bark of trees. The Scrancia
exactly resemble a splinter of bark, the broken portion of which is represented by the white head and collar,
just like in the palaearctic Phalera bucephala (which is closely allied to Phal. imitata from South Africa) the
yellow collar and the lunar spot strikingly resemble the place of fracture of the branchlet represented by the
resting imago. The Antheua which, in life, wrap their wings almost completely round their body, resemble small
yellow fruits, such as acorns or small nuts. Pseudobarobata angulata resembles shrunk withered leaves; the
Brachychira represent a dry leaf of a tree, which has turned yellow and in which the median vein is distinctly
prominent and plasticly shaded off; which marking is neither founded in the veins nor in the other structure
of the wings, and is thus apparently forced on the insect. On the whole, all the Ethiopian N otodontidae are
rather insignifant insects of a plain grey or brown colouring and bark-like marking. Not a single species exhibits
gorgeous or defiant colours ; only insignificant, small silvery spots, which have also been supposed to represent
dew-drops, are also found in certain African species, e. g. in Ptilura argyraspis, as they also occur in the
palaearctic Spataiia, the Indian Tarsolepis etc.

The extremely minute adaptation to trunks, fruits, stones etc. makes us conclude that the Notodontidae
are not protected by internal saps (cf. also Vol. II). Their larvae mostly live on the foliage of the gigantic trees
towering above the African steppe like shades, and in the fissures of the bark of these enormous trunks we
hardly ever fail to find the lepidoptera closely clinging to the bark. But only very experienced eyes will easily
discover them, for the lepidoptera whose exterior in the resting state is unusual to the foreign collectors are
often overlooked even when they are sitting right in front of our eyes. Only single species, the exterior of which
is reiterated in all the faunae, are easily found, because their appearance is familiar to us, as for instance
Macrosenta longicauda resembling the palaearctic Pterostoma palpina and Lophopteryx angulata resembling the
Eurasian Loph. camelina.

Of the African Notodontid larvae we know exceedingly little. But we may suppose that they exhibit
the same diversity of shape as their European allies do. A great number are presumably green and adapted
to the leaves, or brown and adapted to a branchlet. Wherever this adaptation fails to occur, they exhibit other

XIV 51

402

General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

protective means for their defense in the struggle of existence, which is particularly violent and pitiless in the
open country of Tropical Africa. So for instance the larva of Cerura argentina is not adapted to the green
foliage as that of all the other Cerura , but although it is likewise provided with a hood and forked tails, it
exhibits white colouring with black dots, which makes it visible from afar. As they live on a Flacourtiacea,
which family we know to comprise very poisonous plants (containing much hydrocyanic acid), the insect shows
a warning colour, in contrast with its unpoisonous allies (feeding on poplar or willow) which are concealed by
excellent protective colouring. Nevertheless, on being attacked, it descends, according to observations made
by Arnold Schultze, on a thread to the ground, whereas the green larvae of Centra offer resistance clinging
so tightly to the branch they are sitting on, that they are almost torn to pieces, before they let go.

All the distinctive properties of the N otodontulae, their internal unprotectedness (safe for few exceptions,
such as the one mentioned above), their excellent adaptation to the background, the entirely nocturnal habits
of their imagines which avoid the sun, the inability of the imagines to feed on any flowers, and many other
characteristics indicate them to belong to a very old branch of the lepidopteral tribe. Accordingly, the family
abounds in monotypical genera, i. e. in a gi’eat many species the differentiation is already extended to structural
peculiarities which necessitate not only a specific but also a generic separation. The Ethiopian Notodontidae
are divided among nearly 100 genera, no less than 47 of which contain but 1 Ethiopian species.

In contrast with the excellent adaptation to lifeless objects such as small pieces of bark, small stones,
small fruits, dry leaves etc. we have not heard of any cases of mimcry i. e. of any imitation of other animals,
particularly of insects, from which we might conclude a transformation of N otodontulae according to live models.
It is not to be wondered at that there are some white or yellow species resembling equally sized and coloured
Lymantriidae. Antheua rhodeosemena, for instance, shows a certain resemblance to some Euproctis , and the
small white Hanthodonta debilis looks almost like some African Laelia. But the Ethiopian Antheua resembles
much less African species than some Indian ones (such as E. barbara from Borneo etc.) and besides it by no means
deviates from its generic allies, since nearly all the Antheua are of a very monotonous yellow, so that the yellow
garb cannot be designated as borrowed. The resemblance of rather small, entirely white Noctuids to one another
is also not remarkable, since the exterior resemblance of lepidoptera from our fauna, such as that of Porthesia
similis to Leucodonta bicolor a, or of Euproctis chrysorrhoea to Stilpnotia salicis has never yet been regarded as
the effect of mimetic assimilation. — Moreover, such mimicry would be incomprehensible. Nearly all the lepi¬
doptera protected by poisonous food belong to more recent families which can never have served as models
to the older lepidopteral forms, as the N otodontulae, because they cannot have existed at the time of their
formation.

Already in Vol. II I pointed out that, as to the biology of the N otodontidae, the larvae are decidedly
more interesting than the imagines. Packard has shown by the American N otodontidae that in spite of the
most striking disfigurement of the a d u 1 1 larvae numerous marks are still to be found in the young insects,
which prove the family to be very uniform. We know, however, still too little of the early stages of the Ethiopian
Fauna to enable us to extend our researches also to them. We find a most common and striking formation,
the so-called neck-horns, occurring in nearly all the young larvae, which can be attributed to the N otodontidae,
but it soon disappears again in the growing larvae. Besides there is very often on the 4 th segment a protu¬
berance which may represent a hood {Cerura), a knob ( Pygaera ), a sting ( Hoplitis ), a hump, horn, prong, or
the like. This appendage serves as nothing more than defence of that part in the larva, formed by the creeping
movement on that ring which, owing to the absence of feet, stands up highest and is most exjiosed, and it
serves the same purpose as the hump of so many Geometrid larvae, which must naturally be in the centre of
their dorsum forming the highest place, while the striding Geometrid larva curves its body: Tornos rubiginosana,
N ematocampa filimentaria, Endropia textrinaria, Phalaena syringaria, Opisthograptis luteolata etc. (Packard).

It is also through the larvae that we gain information about the relationships of the N otodontidae. We
may regard them as that lepidopteral branch which has issued from Lithosiid-like forms, from which the
C eratocampidae have developed, which last form a transition to an older and a younger branch. The older one
is represented by the Saturnidae, the younger one by the Sphingidae. Thus both are closely allied to the
N otodontidae by transitions. We may regard the raised and frequently hunched last segment of the Notodontid
larvae as the primary stage of the Sphingid horn which in certain N otodontidae, such as Damila banksiae from
Australia, is already perfectly developed as in a genuine Sphingid. In the course of this further development
of the Notodontidae by way of the C eratocampidae and Saturnidae to the Sphingidae, the larval shape leads
from the terrifying figure to the method of perfect mimicry, from which we may infer the phylogenetic age of
the families. The Notodontid larvae represent phantastic terrifying figures ; the larvae of the Cerura, Stauropus *),

*) The larvae of Stauropus were presumed to copy other insects or articulata; the models were told to be either forest-
bugs or ants or also spiders. The behaviour, however, and particularly the motions of the larvae of Stauropus do not justify
this opinion.

NOTODONTIDAE; SCALMICAUDA. By M. Gaede.

403

Schizura, Uropygia, Hoplitis, Notodonta etc. may terrify only small aggressors, but without any animal model
being noticeable. Also the C eratocampidae and Brahmaeidae larvae often represent a cornigerous or spiked
monster, though evidently no other animal has served as model. In the Saturnidae likewise only the terrifying
eye has developed as a bewildering instrument, without any special animal having been copied. Only in the
Sphingidae mimicry is accomplished to such an extent that, as is stated on p. 355 of this volume, coloured and
structural deviations from the norm are combined in order to produce certain images of dangerous animals
(snakes or lizards), the protective effect of which is quite evident. As the larvae of the Notodontidae do not in
any known case copj^ a reptile, we may conclude that suitable models (poisonous land-snakes) had not yet
existed when the Notodontidae were differentiated; otherwise it would be very strange that they were forced to
assume disfigured fantastic shapes, when they might have attained the purpose of protection in a much simpler
way. The C eratocampidae and Saturnidae having been specialised from the N otodontidae were probably in the
same situation, whereas the later Sphingidae made use of the models which had appeared in the meantime,
copying snakes to the highest degree of perfection.

The habits of the Ethiopian N otodontidae, as much as we know of this group which was formerly little
heeded, do not differ from those of their representatives in other parts of the world. The imagines are probably
all nocturnal and rest in daytime in full lethargy, relying on their adaptation. Excepting for the few species
collected from the chinks in the bark of the gigantic African treetrunks, presumably nearly all the species of
this family are taken on the lantern. The larvae, however, are very frequently real heliophile insects, feeding
in daytime and, as Arnold Schultze states of Centra argentina, nimbly creeping about in the sunshine.
Whether the single species also occur locally though with a very wide range, as so many Ethiopian Heterocera
do, cannot be stated owing to the scantiness of material contained in the continental collections, and owing
to their having been still so little elaborated. In the treeless districts of Ethiopian Arabia, for instance in vast
parts of Yemen, the Notodontidae are absent altogether.

W otocloiitidae.

The Ethiopian Notodontid species numbering about 325 vary still more in size and habitus than the
palaearctic species. Some resemble Lasiocampidae, Cucullia, and a Pkalera from Central Africa is strikingly
similar to the palaearctic Ph. bucephala.

We include in this family such genera in which vein 5 rises on or before the cross-vein. The Thatimeto-
poeidae listed among the Notodontidae by former authors we have detached (cf. p. 395) chiefly owing to the
larvae. The Ethiopian Region has but few genera in common with Europe, most in common, however, with
India; excepting a number of monotypical genera but few are purely Ethiopian. One, from South America, is
presumably not quite correctly ranged (Maguza Wlcr., not admitted into Kirby’s Catalogue, for safety's sake
changed into Pseudoscrancia).

We begin with the few genera exhibiting haired eyes.

1. Genus: Seal ml c Simla Holt.

Proboscis and palpi short. Thorax with a more or less developed tuft. Antennae of 3 on % of their
length pectinate, in the $ dentate. Forewing rather long and narrow. Veins 3 and 4 somewhat separated.

6 from the upper cell-angle or from the accessory cell, 7 -j- 8 -j- 9 and 10 from the apex of it. In the hindwing
veins 3 and 4 somewhat separated, 6 -f 7 on a moderately long stalk, 8 nearing the cell at % of the length
of the cell, connected with it by a bar. Type: benga Holt.

S. benga Holt. (68 f). Head and tegulae dark red-brown, thorax and abdomen greyish-brown. Forewing benga.
violettish-brown. A dark brown line from the apex to the centre of the inner margin, on both sides edged with
light. Interior area darker, exterior area lighter brown. A fine pale curved basal and proximal line; behind
them one dark ring each on the centre and at the end of the cell and below the base of vein 2. A submarginal,
fine, strongly notched line. 36 — 40 mm. West Africa.

S. bicolorata sp. n. (68 f) is much larger, but similar by the very round interior angle on the forewing, bicolorata.
3 head, mesothorax and abdominal end yellow, otherwise brown. Fore wing yellow, maculae indistinct. Before
the apex a tripartite white spot from which a reddish-brown band extends to the base of the wing, below it
in front finely pink, from vein 2 to the inner margin brown. Hindwing yellow, at the anal margin pink. $ darker.

404 SCALMICATJDA. By M. Gaede.

the body almost quite red-brown. Forewing with red-brown ring- and reniform maculae. Before the distal
margin red-brown sj)ots. Hindwing pale red-brown. 40 — 42 mm. Cameroon, L. Kiwu. Type $ in the British, 9
in the Berlin Museum.

flavipennis. S. flavipennis Hmps. (68 f). Head and tegulae light red-brown. Thorax greyish-brown, abdomen

whitish-brown, at the end red-brown. Forewing yellow, dusted with brown; costal margin and interior margin
red-brown, excepting the base. Marking dark brown. Two interior lines undulate, the exterior line parallel
to the distal margin, below vein 3 more oblique. The 3 maculae are finely edged with brown. Submarginal
line undulate, brown. Hindwing yellowish- white. 50 mm. Sierra Leone.
argenies- S. argentescens Hmps. Costal margin of forewing at the apex strongly curved. Body red-brown, at

cens. ^.jie enc| paier Forewing red-brown, dusted with a silvery grey, at the base of the costal margin paler. Interior
line dark, angular below the cell. Ring-macula and reniform macula edged with black, both inside with white
dots. Apical line indistinct, outside silvery grey. Submarginal dark lunae. Hinclwing pale red-brown. 48 mm.
Gold Coast.

xanthogyna. S. xanthogyna Hmps. Antennae of dentate. Forewing short and broad. Thorax and forewing dark

chocolate-red. Traces of an undulating oblique interior line. Ring-macula and reniform macula finely edged
with brown, below the former another ring and a black dot above the base of vein 6. Exterior line indistinct,
dark, from near the apex obliquely to the centre of the inner margin, behind it at the costal margin a greyish-
brown spot. Submarginal lunae, two of which are next to each other below vein 3, and below vein 2 two pairs.
Hindwing pale red-brown. $ forevving yellow, proximal half excepting the base red-brown; all the markings
more faded. 42 — 44 mm. Niger.

aibicostata. S. aibicostata Hmps. (68 f). Antennae of $ strongly pectinate. Thorax dark chestnut, costal margin

fine white. Interior and exterior lines fine white, at the inner margin both very close together. Hindwing
white, veins fine dark brown. 45 mm. Mashona Land (East Africa).
griseomacu- S. griseomaculata sp. n. (68 g). Forewing somewhat more reddish, suffused with violet. Lines as in

,aia- aibicostata. The three maculae greyish-violet, edged with black. Before the distal margin grey lunae. Hindwing
yellowish-pink. 48 mm. Nyassa Land. Type: 1 $ in the British Museum.
niveiplaga. S, niveiplaga Hmps. (68 f). Thorax red-brown, abdomen ochreous-brown. Forewing red-brown with

a fine subbasal line. Interior line brown, in the submedian fold introangular, then outwards. Ring-macula
and reniform macula edged with brown, below the former a black spot. Exterior line blackish, double, filled
with light, as far as vein 2 uniformly curved, then more obliquely to the inner margin. An oblong silvery white
spot at its beginning at the costal margin. Dark submarginal lunar spots. Hindwing pale red-brown. 55 mm.
Niger, Gabun, Cameroon.

obliquifas- S. obliquifascia Kent . (68 g). Thorax dark violettish-brown, abdomen brown, anal tuft black. Forewing

cia • like thorax. The maculae and the interior line fine black. Apical line black, double, straight, filled with a
lighter colour; before and behind it the ground-colour is lighter. Hindwing pinkish-brown. On the forewing
the maculae are sometimes more prominently black, thereby similar to griseomaculata. In the total impression
also similar to Graph, tessmanni, though in the latter the apical line is more undulating. 40 mm. Madagascar.
ochreopicta. S. ochreopicta Kenr. (68 g). Body and forewing redclish-brown. Ring-macula and reniform macula in

the dark ground-colour hardly recognisable, without any lines. In most of the specimens the base and anal
angle are somewhat lighter, more yellow. Hindwing pale reddish-brown. 36 mm. Madagascar. Owing to
the different marking it may be no Scalmicauda.

rufula. S. rufula Hmps. $ antennae with short dents. Forewing narrow. Body red-brown, anal pencil very

long. Forewing red-brown, mixed with grey. Basal and interior lines double, filled with white. Ring-macula
edged with white, with a double undulate line to the inner margin. Reniform macula elliptical, edged with
white, inside white. In front of it below the cell a black dot, behind it a double oblique median line, filled with
white, below vein 3 undulating and two similar exterior lines. Before the margin whitish spots. Hindwing
red-brown. 35 mm. Niger.

pratti. S. pratti Kenr. (68 g). Pale reddish-brown and ochreous brown. On the forewing an indistinct white

interior and median line obliquely outwards. The exterior line is nearing the median line at the inner margin.
Black submarginal dots. Hindwing pale reddish-brown. Apparently a faded specimen. 32 mm. Madagascar.
griseitinda. S. griseitincta Hmps. Apex of forewing rounded. 1'horax dark brown, abdomen copper brown. Forewing

red-brown, with a grey lustre. Veins dark brown; lines red-brown, double, the median incurved at vein 1.
Cross-vein dark, at the angles white dots. The two branches of the exterior line are distantly separated. Behind
it dark dots on the veins and white dots at the costal margin. Hindwing of the 3 greyish-brown, of $ dark
brown. 30 — 35 mm. Natal. Owing to the different marking the species will hardly belong to this place.
biscda. S. bisecta Rothsch. Distinguished by the sharp anal angle on the forewing. $ tegulae blackish-brown,

thorax greyish-brown, abdomen dark brownish-red. Forewing greyish-brown. Costal margin broad chocolate-
brown; a triangle before the exterior line at the costal margin and behind it at the inner margin the same.
Basal and interior lines obliquely outwards, exterior line parallel to the distal margin, light. The 8-shaped ring-
macula and reniform macula light. Before the distal margin a bluish lunular line. Hindwing reddish-brown.
formosa. A $ probably belonging to it is lighter, more yellow, with a darker marking. Sierra Leone. — formosa /. n.

SCALMICAUDA; PERATODONTA. By M. Gaede.

405

(68 g). Abdomen above orange with black spots. The two last segments and the underside greyish-brown.
Hindwing at the inner margin orange, the rest paler. 46 — 48 mm. Gold Coast. Type: i $ in the British Museum.

Subgenus: Graphidura Strd.

Separated from typical Scalmicauda by shorter dents on the antennae and by the dent of scales at
the anal angle of the forewing. Type: argenteomaculata Aur.

G. hosemanni Strd. (68 g). Body dark brown. Forewing violettish-brown, at the costal margin wood-
coloured brown, with 3 reddish-brown double lines and a single line at the base. Hindwing unicoloured violettish-
brown. 32 mm. Cameroon.

G. molesta Strd. (68 h). Body dark violettish-brown. Forewing the same, marginal area lighter brown.
From before the apex to the centre of the inner margin a dark double line. In the median area 3 large rings
feebly recognisable, also traces of an oblique interior line. In the marginal area 2 dark undulate lines or a row
of dots and one of lunar spots. Hindwing pale reddish-brown. 33 mm. Usambara, Lowa (Congo). — In this
species veins 3 and 4 of the hindwing rise as closely together as in the following argenteomaculata.

G. argenteomaculata Aur. Similar to molesta. On the forewing another subbasal line. The 3 rings are
filled with dark. In the marginal area only a lunular line. The exterior double line is filled with white, beginning
at the costal margin with a white triangle. Hindwing dark brown. 46 mm. Cameroon.

G. tessmanni Strd. (68 h). Body dark violettish-brown. Forewing light violettish-brown. Near the
base two fine transverse lines. In the central area interlaced lines. Exterior double line as in molesta, outside
bordered by light, inside as far as the cross-vein dark, also at the inner margin. In the marginal area a dark
band and two rows of lunae. Hindwing at the margin reddish-brown, otherwise lighter. There occur also much
lighter specimens. 30 mm. Spanish Guinea, Nyassa Land. It might be possible that niveiplaga is the $
belonging to it, the scaled dent may have been thrust off.

G. obscurior sp. n. (68 h) is as dark as molesta. The apical line above the inner margin ending somewhat
steeper. Distal margin between veins 3 and 5 lighter, only a dark notched line before the margin. Hindwing
somewhat lighter than forewing. 30 — 34 mm. L. Kiwu. Type: A in the British Museum.

G. fuscinota Aur. (68 h). Tegulae and patagia yellowish-brown. Thorax and abdomen red-brown.
Forewing reddish-brown, at the costal margin and apex paler. At the base two dark lines, outside edged with
light. Above and below the base of vein 2 and at the cell-end a black ring, often only the lower ring distinct.
Exterior line parallel to the margin, pale, edged with dark. Behind it blackish submarginal spots. Hindwing
blackish-brown. 28 — 38 mm. Cameroon, Gabun.

G. rectilinea sp. n. (68 h). Colour and maculae as in fuscinota. Interior line strongly curved, almost
touching the lower spot. Exterior line straight, from a white triangle at the costal margin into the dent at the
inner margin. Abdomen and hindwing dark brown. 40 mm. Cameroon. Type: 1 $ in the Berlin Museum. -
In a from Bascho (Cameroon) the white triangle is absent, and a small $ from Ituri (Congo) is without the
maculae and the interior line (Brit. Mus.).

G. oneili Janse (68 h). $ thorax and forewing light reddish-brown. Forewing at the costal margin
broad white. Traces of a subbasal line. Interior line almost straight. The 3 maculae dark grey. Exterior line
light, parallel to the distal margin, behind it dark spots. Hindwing light pinkish-brown. $ forewing at the
costal margin narrowly rusty yellow, anterior half orange-brown, behind dark red-brown. Interior line more
distinct, exterior line with a white triangle at the costal margin. A $ form shows dark red-brown fore wings
and is somewhat similar to niveiplaga. Tuft of short, $ without tuft. 44 — 50 mm. Transvaal.

G. ectoleuca Hmps. Thorax chocolate-red, abdomen brown. Forewing at the base and costal margin
as far as the exterior line yellow, otherwise lighter or darker chocolate-red as far as the anal angle and outside
to vein 5. Margin creamy white. Marking dark chocolate red. An oblique, undulating basal line and a double
interior line, a ring-macula and reniform macula, and a dark ring below them. Apical line oblique as far as
vein 2, then inwards. A double row of black marginal lunae. Hindwing dark brown. 30 mm. Niger. — It
may be molesta Strd.

2. Genus: Peratodoiita Aur.

Similar to Scalmicauda, separated by the dent at the distal margin of the forewing at vein 3. In the
S it is very strong, in the £ often much feebler. $ often with dense anal wool. Type: brunnea Aur.

P. brunnea Aur. (68 i). Thorax red-brown, without a tuft, abdomen brown. Forewing dark red-brown.
Subbasal and interior lines dark, rather straight, obliquely outwards. Parallel with it a whitish elliptical ring-
macula and reniform macula. Apical line dark, at the apex indistinct. Inside and outside of it brownish-pink.
Between vein 6 and 4 brownish-pink as far as the reniform macula and from the submedian fold to the inner
margin. Hindwing yellowish, at the inner margin brownish. 28 — 34 mm. Cameroon, Fernando Po.

hosemanni.

molesta.

argenteo-

maculala.

tessmanni.

obscurior.

fuscinota.

rectilinea.

oneili.

ectoleuca.

brunnea.

406

PERATODONTA; PYGAERA. By M. Gaede.

cxtensa. P. extensa sp. n. (68 i). Similar to brunnea in the scheme of marking, though not with such a reddish

tint, of a purer brown. Tegulae darker, colour of body and wings more like that of the following olivacea. In
the $ the light area extends at the inner margin to vein 3 at the distal margin, farther in front only to the
submarginal line. The oblong maculae light and edged with dark. In the $ belonging to it the interior area
is lighter as far as vein 4, the area above it not. Hindwing brown. In the $ the apex and the angle at vein
3 are very sharp. 32 — 38 mm. L. Kiwu. Type: <^2 in the British Museum.
olivacea. P. olivacea sp. n. (68 i). Thorax with a long hair-pencil. Angle on forewing not very sharp. Head and

tegulae blackish-brown. Thorax and forewing dark olive brown. Subbasal and interior lines dark, edged with
light, uniformly curved. Ring-macula and reniform macula oblong. Apical line vellowish-brown, edged with
light. Distal area with a strongly notched submarginal line, the posterior half of the area lighter. Hindwing (<$)
pale brown, in a from Fernando Po lighter, at the inner-margin more reddish. Forewing of the much larger $
lighter, reddish-brown, distal margin feebly angular. $ from Spanish Guinea more greyish-brown, 2 as dark
as the A from Cameroon, between the ring-macula and reniform macula with a yellow spot. 34 — 48 mm.
Cameroon, Fernando Po, L. Kiwu. 26 — 29 mm. The <$ from Spanish Guinea, perhaps a separate species or
ochrea. form: ochrea /. n.

biarculinea. biarculinea B.-Bak. Thorax red-brown, abdomen paler. Forewing pinkish-brown, at the margin paler

and more pink. Traces of a fine excurved and incurved basal line. A dark double line from before the apex
to before the centre of the inner margin, filled with grey. In the centre of the distal area an indistinct gold-
brown band. Before the margin dark lunular spots between the veins. Hindwing pale brown. $ 40 mm.
Cameroon.

obliquali- p. obliqualinea B.-Bak. Body brown, tegulae dark violettish-brown. Forewing claret-brown, below

nea' the cell lavender-brown. A fine irregular median line is traceable and a very oblique double line from the apex
to the inner margin. The area behind it paler with traces of small nut-brown spots. Hindwing (<$) creamy white,
at the anal margin grey. 42 mm. Lokoja District.

ardipennis. P. arctipennis Holl. Thorax dark nut-brown. Abdomen blackish-brown. Forewing nut-brown with

2 indistinct rings on the centre and at the end of the cell. Before the margin dark dots. Hindwing blackish-
brown. 30 mm. Benito District.

heterogyna. P. heferogyna Hmps. (68 i). Thorax with a long tuft. Thorax and abdomen ochreous white. Forewing

pale red-brown, interior area and at the inner margin as far as vein 3 pale greyish-brown. Subbasal and interior
lines brown, outside edged with white. Ring-macula and reniform macula in front open. Apical line double,
dark, filled with light. Submarginal line undulate. Hindwing whitish, at the inner margin brownish, the $
more reddish brown. 32 — 46 mm. Natal, Rhodesia.

spissicomis. p. spissicorilf s Mab. was perhaps only a bad specimen of heterogyna. The maculae are not mentioned

in the description, nor is the basal line. Exterior line faded. Hindwing yellowish. Madagascar.

In the following species the $ exhibits dense anal wool.

albiplagiata. P. albiplagiata sp. n. (68 i). Thorax and abdomen violettish-brown. Forewing reddish-brown. The

dark subbasal line and interior line in the submedian fold introangular. Before the centre of the wTing pale
pinkish-brown as far as the ring-macula which is surrounded by black and separated from the reniform macula
by a black spot. At the base of vein 2 a light circle. Median line double, dark, from +3 of the costal margin
to the centre of the inner margin. A submarginal line to vein 3. From vein 4 the distal margin is narrow pinkish-
brown. At the costal margin between both lines a silvery white spot. Hindwing reddish-brown. 34 mm. Gold
Coast. Type: 1 $ in the British Museum.

bella. P. bella B.-Bak. Thorax greyish-violet, tegulae ochreous brown, abdomen pinkish-grey. Forewing

with a dark costal margin, reddish-brown, posteriorly pinkish-brown, in the cell cream-coloured. The distal
area at the apex narrow, quickly widening to vein 2 dark red-brown, inner margin below vein 2 reddish-grey.
In the middle of the distal area a light olive-brown dentate line. Hindwing creamy. $ less distinctly marked.
Distal area more pink. Hindwing dark brownish-grey. Anal wool ash-grey. 34 — 48 mm. Lagos.

mhnica. P. mimica Avr. 2. Thorax and abdomen dark brownish-grey, anal wool light grey. Forewing with

a black costal margin, then as far as below the cell yellowish -brown, base and apex red-brown. Below and
behind the cell whitish. From the apex a notched violettish-white submarginal line, edged with red-brown.
Hindwing blackish-grey, from the cell to the anal margin lighter. 45 mm. South Cameroon.

3. Genus: Pygaera 0. (Ichtyura Hbn.)

Proboscis very short, palpi obliquely upturned, antennae rather short, in G and 2 pectinate, legs short,
thorax with a short pencil. Forewing broad. Vein 5 very far in front. 7 + 8 + 9-1-10 stalked, mostly also
6 stalked besides. Hindwing rounded. Vein 5 absent, 6 + 7 on a short stalk, vein 8 at % of the cell nearing
the latter. Type: anastomosis L. from Europe.

PYGAERA; PTILURA; ARGYROTHYRIS. By M. Gaede.

407

P. lentisignata Hmps. Thorax in front blackish brown, behind red-brown. Abdomen reddish-brown, lenlisigna-
Forewing greyish-brown and red-brown, particularly in the apical area. Two oblique interior lines, the first
outside white, distally curved at the median vein. The second inside white, excurved below the costal margin.

An ochreous brown streak on the cross-vein and a similar line to the inner margin, behind it darker. Exterior
line pale, oblique from the costal margin to below vein 2, behind it darker, and black marginal dots. Hindwing
reddish-brown. 30 mm. Natal.

P. albifasciata Hmps. Thorax and abdomen brownish white. Forewing pale reddish-brown. A triangular albifascia-
white radial band on the median vein to the cell-end, where it is broader. One white spot each between veins
3, 4 and 6, 7. Veins whitish. 30 mm. Sierra Leone.

P. roseitincta Jcmse (68 i). Thorax and forewing brownish-pink, abdomen lighter. Marking white, roseitincta.
Basal and interior lines excurved at the inner margin. Exterior line almost straight, parallel to the distal margin,
close behind the round white reniform macula which is indistinct in the $. Median line from the reniform macula
to the inner margin close at the exterior line. Before the margin a black line. Hindwing pale orange brownish, lucida.
Transvaal. — lucida Aur. has white hindwings. East Africa. 32 — 34 mm.

P. voeltzkowi Aur. (68 i) is separated from the preceding species by the absence of the white reniform voeltzkowi.
macula also in the $ and of the black submarginal line. Hindwing pale yellow. 26 mm. East Africa.

P. violacearia Janse (69 a), d similar to roseitincta. Forewing more reddish. Interior line so strongly violacearia.
excurved at the inner margin that it touches the exterior line. Abdomen and hindwing darker. $ quite different.

Fore wing brownish-red, the lines as in the d- The round reniform macula is violettish-black, obliquely continued
inwards to the base of vein 2. From there a triangular stripe to the end of the submarginal line and along the
latter broadly upwards almost to the costal margin. In a subform of the $ the lines and the reniform macula
are absent. 33 — 42 mm. Transvaal, Natal.

P. ferrughiea Hmps. Body yellowish rust-brown. Forewing rusty red, at the inner margin lilac grey, ferruginea.
Discoidal spot with a light streak. Below it and before the distal margin likewise lilac grey. Hindwing pale
rusty red. 35 mm. Rhodesia. Entirely separated from the other species by the broad forewing and the different
scheme of markings.

All the following genera exhibit hairless eyes.

I. Ptilura- Group.

The species exhibit glossy spots on the forewings.

4. Genus: Ptilura Holl.

Palpi moderately long, porrect, proboscis absent. Antennae as far as % of their length strongly
pectinate, abdomen long, hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. Forewing broad. Veins 3 and 4 distantly separated,

6 and 7 from the cell-angle, 10 -f- 8 -f- 9 stalked, 7 and 10 forming the differently long accessory cell by a bar.

In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 on a short stalk, 8 close by the cell almost to the end.

P. argvraspis Holl. (69 a). Thorax and forewing blackish-brown, abdomen and hindwing little lighter, argyraspis.
Fore wing with lustrous green spots. A large one each above veins 1 and 3, smaller ones below vein 2 and before
the distal margin. 42—46 mm. Cameroon, Lowa (Congo).

5. Genus: Argyrothyris Bryl.

Palpi somewhat longer, proboscis absent. Antennae of $ finely ciliated, abdomen long, hind tibiae
with 2 pair of spurs. Forewing broad, anal angle angular. Veins 3 and 4 close together, 6 — (- 7 — |— 8 + 9 — R 10
stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 j- 4 on a short stalk, 6 + 7 on a long one, 8 parallel to the strongly curved cell.

A. allocota Bryl (69 a). Thorax and forewing brown, in the centre darker with silvery spots. A large allocota.
triangular spot in the cell-end, 2 small ones obliquely behind it, and 2 near the apex. Hindwing and abdomen
dark brown. 25 mm. Cameroon.

A. privata sp. n. (69 a). Thorax and forewing brown. On the forewing a violettish-brown streak from vrivata.
the base to the distal margin above vein 4. The median vein at the end, the space between veins 2 and 4
and behind the centre of the inner margin darker red-brown. At the angles of the cross-vein 2 fine white dots.

A submarginal row of white dots, in which the dot above vein 4 is larger and more distally situate. Also at
the margin fine white dots. Hindwing somewhat less dark brown. 28 mm. Congo. Type: 1 d in the Berlin
Museum.

408

PECTINOPHORA; LOPHOPTERYX; CERURA. By M. Gaede.

noctuifor-

?nis.

baccata.

argyropho-

ra.

aeruginosa.

uniformis.

angulata.

angustipen-

nis.

marmor.

II. Lophopteryx- Group.

Inner margin of forewing with 1 or 2 hair-pencils.

6. Genus: JPectinopliora Janse.

Proboscis present, palpi porrect , antennae pectinate to the tips. Forewing broad. Vein 6 below the
upper angle, 7 forming the accessory cell with the stalk of 8 + 9 -f- 10. At the inner margin 2 small hair-pencils.
In the hindwing vein 5 above the centre, 6 -f 7 on a short stalk, 8 as far as % of the length of the cell close
by the latter. Type: noctuiformis Janse.

P. noctuiformis Janse (69 a). Thorax blackish-brown, abdomen dark brown. Forewing blackish-brown
to the exterior line. A notched median line double, filled with light beginning from the centre of the cell.
Exterior line light, double, filled with dark, between veins 4 and 2 semicircularly curved. In the light brown
marginal area traces of 2 more light lines. Hindwing blackish-brown. 34 mm. Togo, Rhodesia.

P. baccata Hmps. (69 a). Thorax red-brown, abdomen greyisch-yellow. Forewing red-brown, dusted
with yellow. Interior line twice angled, composed of 2 or 3 silvery lines, inside of it 2 more such yellowish lines.
Exterior line composed of silvery spots, from near the apex to the inner margin between the two dents; close
behind it a dark line. On the centre of the distal area a brown lunar line, inside bordered with light. Hindwing
whitish yellow. 25 mm. Togo, Cameroon, Niger, Sudan.

P. argvrophora Hmps. (69 a). Colouring and marking similar to that of baccata. Discernible by the
double exterior line of silvery spots on the forewing. Also on the cross-vein a feeble silvery streak. Hindwing
brown. 30 mm. Congo.

P. aeruginosa sp. n. (69 b). Head and thorax golden bronze. Abdomen brown. Forewing violettish-
brown. Interior line undulating, vertical on the inner margin, incurved at the costal margin. Exterior line
in front more remote from the interior line, very indistinct. Before the interior line below the cell and behind
the exterior line below vein 4 bronze-coloured. A dark notched submarginal line and white marginal dots on
the veins. From the centre of the costal margin to vein 3 at the margin a dark narrow shadow. Hindwing dark
brown. 28 mm. L. Iviwu. 1 $ type in the British Museum.

7. Genus: lophopteryx Steph.

Proboscis and palpi short. Antennae of $ pectinate to the tips. Forewing broad, costal margin straight.
Inner margin with 1 dent of scales before the centre of the inner margin. Vein 6 from the accessory cell which
is formed by 7 and the stalk of 8 9 + 10. In the hindwing veins 6 -f- 7 on a short stalk, 8 nearing the centre

of the cell. Type: camelina L. from Europe.

L. uniformis Swh. (69 b). Thorax nut-brown, abdomen yellowish brown with grey margins. Forewing
dark nut-brown with a blackish interior and exterior notched line, with adjacent yellowish lunar spots. Hindwing
greyish-brown, at the base lighter. 62 mm. Mashona Land, Rhodesia, L. Iviwu.

L. angulata sp. n. (69 b) almost looks like the $ of uniformis-^ ; but as the latter is also said to have
pectinate antennae (according to Ann. Transv. Mus. VII p. 167), it must be a different species, because angulata -$
lias plain antennae. Besides on the forewing the distal margin projects at vein 4 and the exterior dent at the
inner margin is absent. The thorax is lighter, mixed with grey, without white dots. Forewing somewhat lighter.
On the median vein a white dot and on vein 1 b a short white streak. Interior line not recognisable, exterior
line at the costal margin with a distinct yellowish-white streak beginning obliquely outwards. Marginal area
somewhat lighter. Between the veins black streaks. Hindwing as in uniformis. 46 mm. Gold Coast. Type:
1 $ in the British Museum.

Note: At this place the genus

Notodonta

would follow. MABILLE has described two species of it, but they surely do not belong to this genus.

N. angustipennis Mob. Forewing narrow at the inner margin with a dent, yellowish- brown and grey with numerous
lines. Hindwing pale yellow. Madagascar. It may be similar or allied with Dinotodonta tonga Holt.

N. marmor Mab. Forewing white with pink and red-brown spots, reniform macula red-brown, edged with white.
Between the veins red- brown- white streaks, before the apex a light spot. Hindwing white, at the margin yellowish. 38 mm.
Madagascar. It may be indentical with Zelomera imitans Btlr.

III. Cerura- Group.

Mostly white species.

8. Genus: Cerura Schrk.

Palpi very short, proboscis stunted. Antennae pectinate to the tips. Hind tibiae with but 1 pair of
spurs. In the forewing veins 3, 4, 5 at equal distances, 6 -f 7 + 8 -f- 9 stalked, 10 forming the accessory cell
with the stalk of 7 +8 -f- 9. Vein 1 a extends to the inner margin and is connected with 1 b by a bar. In
the hindwing 6 4- 7 stalked, 8 very nearto the cell. Type: furcula Clerck from Europe. — As the

publ. 27. III. 1928. EPICERURA; PSEUDORETHONA ; PARARETHONA. By M. Gaede.

40 9

European species are much smaller and exhibit quite a different scheme of markings, it is doubtful whether
they belong to this genus.

C. esmeralda Hmps. (69 b). Thorax greenish-white with black scales, abdomen white. Forewing green, esmeralda.
Interior, median, and exterior lines black, strongly angular. The two first lines enclose a dark green area, before
and behind them silvery white. The third line inside silvery white, outside dark green. Hindwing white, at
the anal angle 2 black spots or in the $ a broad dark margin. 34 — 38 mm. Togo, Cameroon, Transvaal, Mashona
Land.

All the other species with a white ground-colour.

C. leonensis Hmps. (= bifasciata Janse) (69 b). Thorax white with a black transverse band. Abdomen leoncnsis.
above dusted with black, in the centre yellowish. Forewing with a black marking. Interior band posteriorly
obliquely outward, inside and outside accompanied by a fine line, all of them interrupted. Exterior line double,
strongly notched, proceeding from a spot at the costal margin. Hindwing white with a black spot at the anal
angle. 50 mm. Sierra Leone, Togo, Transvaal.

C. spiritalis Dist. (69 b). Similar to an intensely marked leonensis. On the forewing the interior and spiritalis.
subterminal bands broad, deep black, united at the interior margin. Hindwing broadly margined with black,
with a luna on the cross-vein. 46 — 58 mm. Transvaal.

C. marshalli Hmps. Similar to spiritalis. Thorax also in the median line with black spots. Forewing marshalli.
silvery white. In the subbasal area black dots. Interior band oblique, irregularly defined. Then at the costal
margin in the middle a black dot, a stripe and another dot. The exterior line is marked by a black spot and
two dots. A triangular spot at the interior margin near the anal angle. Hindwing white with a spot at vein 1.

In the 9 Ike spots on the forewing somewhat larger. 46 — 60 mm. Mashona Land.

C. argentina Sclmltze (69 c). In this species and the following one the base of the abdomen is above argentina.
white in the d and $, whereas marshalli has only a few white hairs there. On the forewing the interior band
is entirely broken up into few spots, and of the exterior band there are only 2 dots left between veins 4 and 6.

45 — 65 mm. Southern Cameroon.

C. canieroona B.-Bak. differs from argentina in the white abdomen and the absence of the black dots cameroona.
on the thorax. Hindwing without black dots on the fringes, whilst in argentina they may be present. $ 60mm.

Cameroon.

C. swierstrae Dist. (69 c) is still less marked. Abdomen as in argentina. Forewing only with few black swiersirae.
dots at the costal margin and near the anal angle. Hindwing with a black streak on the cross-vein. 45 mm
(d). Transvaal.

The latter three species may be merely forms of a single species.

9. Genus: Epicerura B.-Bak.

Palpi short, porrect. Antennae of d shortly pectinated and at the tips dentate. Fore wing triangular,
broad; costal margin straight, curved at the apex; distal margin somewhat concave below vein 6. Veins 6 + 10
+ 7 + 8+9 stalked. Hindwing small. Veins 3 and 4 from the lower angle, 6+7 stalked, vein 8, except at the
base, close at the cell.

E. tanda B.-Bak. Thorax dark grey, abdomen still darker. Forewing grey, particularly dark as far tandn.
as the interior line. Exterior line incurved, before it at the costal margin a dark patch. Marginal area, paler
with dark patches between the veins. Hindwing lustrous white. 42 mm. Angola.

10. Genus: Pseudorethona Janse.

Antennal shaft longer than in Cerura, with shorter pectinations. In the forewing vein 5 rises before
the middle of the cross-vein, 6 from the end of the accessory cell, otherwise like Cerura.

P. albicans Wkr. (69 c). Thorax greenish-grey, abdomen grey. Forewing greenish-white, at the base albicans.
a black spot. Interior band dusted with black, on each side accompanied by a black line. Cross-vein with a
black streak, inside and outside of which there is a transverse line. Behind it a strongly angled marginal line,
outside bordered with brown in the anterior portion. Hindwing white, on the cross-vein and at the anal angle
somewhat brown. 28 — 35 mm. Rhodesia, Transvaal, Natal.

11. Genus: Pararethoiia Janse.

Separated from Pseudorethona by vein 5 in the forewing branching off almost from the upper cell-angle.

P. hierax Di-st. (= argentescens Hmps.) (69 c). Body blackish -grey, d forewing grey, dusted with a hicrax.
darker colour, with a broad dark band near the base and a narrower one from near the apex over the cross-

XIV 52

410

DESMEOCRAERA. By M. Gaede.

dissimilis.

neavei.

malgassica.

lilacina.

canescens.

critobulus.

catori.

interpella-

trix.

basalis.

vein to the anal angle. Hinclwing white. $ on the forewing from the base to the end of the interior band
dark. On the cross-vein a dark streak. Exterior band broader. Hindwing with a brownish median band and
marginal band. — dissimilis Janse. at the base of the forewing with two subbasal dark lines and an interior
one, between them somewhat darker. Exterior line double, excurved at veins 6 and 3, behind them at theocstal
margin and near the anal angle some spots. Hindwing with a dark marginal line. $ on the forewing somewhat
darker with a distinct blackish-brown median line. Hindwing densely dusted with dark. 39 — 44 mm. Transvaal.

IV. Desmeocraera -Group.

Predominantly green species.

12. Genus: Desmeocraera Wllgr.

Proboscis stunted. Palpi long, erect. Antennal shaft of $ very long, with strong double pectinations,
at the apex dentate. Forewing with a straight costal margin. Vein 5 from the centre of the cross-vein,
7+8 + 9 + 10 stalked, often also stalked at vein 6, 10 branching off between 7 and 8. In the hindwing vein 5
above the centre, 6 + 7 on a long stalk. 8 behind the centre very near to the cell. Separated from Stauropus
by 4 spurs on the hind tibiae. Type: interpellatrix Wllgr.

The species mentioned here were described by Hampson mostly as Stauropus and by Holland as
Somera, but probably all of them belong hereto. The number of species is very large owing to this comprisal.
Most of them of a green colour, the brown ones may partly have turned so later on. The scheme of markings
and the colour of the single species is very different, so that a separation into subgenera or genera will probably
be effected later on.

White species.

D. neavei Tams. (69 d). Almost white. Abdomen, forewing at the base and costal margin very feebly
red-brown, the rest with a yellow hue. A subbasal line and an interior one of yellow spots, outside edged with
black, below the cell very obliquely distad. From the costal margin to the cross-vein often a black streak.
Exterior line of yellow spots almost parallel with the distal margin, only the spot above vein 4distally removed;
the spots inside edged with black. The fine black submarginal line strongly notched. Hindwing white, at the
margin often brownish. 40 — 45 mm. Nyassa Land.

D. malgassica Kenr. (69 c). Body and wings white, with a slight yellow hue. Forewing with black
basal dots. Interior line very obliquely distad, strongly angled in the cell, distinct. Exterior line paler, undu¬
lating, meeting the interior line at the inner angle. Submarginal line strongly notched, somewhat darker.
50 mm. Madagascar.

The following species grey, very differently marked.

D. lilacina Kenr. (69 d). Thorax and forewing lilac-grey. Abdomen and hindwing more brownish.
Forewing with a brown marking. Interior line faded, obliquely distad. Exterior line double, undulating, stronger,
more slanting than in malgassica. Between them traces of some lines. Submarginal line notched, interrupted.
At the costal margin darkened at the interior and exterior lines. 45 mm. Madagascar.

D. canescens Janse (69 d). Thorax, abdomen, and forewing pale olive grey and mouse-coloured. On
the forewing traces of a subbasal, interior and exterior line, all of them obliquely inwards. At the costal margin
before the exterior line a dark shadow, also below vein 2. Submarginal line undulating, fine dark. Hindwing
white, in front greyish -brown. 36 — 40 mm. South Rhodesia.

D. critobulus Fatvc. (69 d). Body and forewing grey, at the costal margin somewhat darker. Marking
formed of black dots. Interior row composed of 3 pieces. Ring-macula dark grey. Behind the cell some dots
to the costal margin. Exterior row double, parallel to the distal margin. A dark grey band from the apex to
the centre of the interior margin, marginal area dark grey. Hindwing white. 44 mm. East Africa.

D. catori B.-Balc. More brownish-grey. On the forewing the costal margin, the centre of the distal
area and the cell-end with black scales. A black central spot and 3 spots at the costal margin near the apex.
Hindwing dark grey ($). 48 mm. Niger District.

The following species are greenish-grey.

D. interpellatrix Wllgr. Forewing greyish -green, dusted with black, with brown faded transverse
stripes and a submarginal undulating black stripe. Hindwing whitish (<J) or brownish ($). 50 mm. Natal.

D. basalis Dist. (69 cl). Thorax and forewing greenish-grey, abdomen greenish-brown. On the forewing
an oblique double subbasal line, mostly bordering on a darker basal area. Exterior line notched, outside
bordered with light, inside of it darker with a spot below vein 2. Hindwing somewhat yellowish -brown, at
the apex brown.. 50 mm. Transvaal, Natal, Rhodesia, East Africa.

DESMEOCRAERA. By M. Gaede.

411

D. vernalis Dist. (69 d). Body olive brown. Forewing greenish -yellow. A dark notched subbasal and vernalis.
interior line indicated at the costal margin. Exterior line strongly notched, the space behind it lighter. The
notched submarginal line parallel to the distal margin. 40 mm. Transvaal, Natal.

D. melanosticta Hmps. is similar. The subbasal and interior lines are broken up into brown and black melanostic-
spots directed outwards from the costal margin. Ring-macula and reniform macula indicated by greenish-
white scales. Hindwing yellowish-brown with 3 red-brown streaks at the light apex. 36 — 38 mm. Gold Coast.

D. griseoviridis Hmps. Thorax and forewing greyish-green with brown scales. Abdomen ochreous- griseoviri-
brown, at the end green. Subbasal line on the forewing composed of black dots, terminating below the cell.

Interior line double, black, filled up with light, obliquely inwards, excurved above the inner margin. Exterior
line indistinct, double, somewhat incurved behind the cell and below vein 2. Submarginal line somewhat
angular at veins 4, 3 and 2. Hindwing white (<J), costal margin greyish-green with 2 black streaks. 36 mm.

Cape Colony.

The following species are more or less brown.

D. incana Jctnse. Thorax brown, abdomen yellowish -brown. Forewing at the costal margin and behind incana.
the exterior line with whitish-brown scales. Central area hazelnut brown. Veins dusted with white and black.

The exterior line projects outwards on the veins. Before the margin brown spots which, from vein 3, form a
fine line. Hindwing whitish, at the cell-end and at the margin brownish. 38 — 58 mm. Pondo Land.

D. falsa Holl. Thorax and abdomen brown. Forewing dark brown with numerous irregular dark grey falsa.
transverse lines which are inside and outside bordered with dark brown. Hindwing reddish-brown, at the apex
dark. 35 mm. West Africa.

D. leucosticta Hmps. Body chocolate with a black anal tuft. Forewing chocolate dusted with greyish- leucosticta.
brown, with a white basal dot. Interior line oblique, formed of dots at the costal margin and on vein 1. An
exterior row of small white triangular dots on the veins, inside and outside edged with black. Hindwing
chocolate reddish, somewhat grey, with dark streaks at the apex. 32 mm. Niger District.

D. trichosa Hmps. Forewing at the costal margin more reddish. A dot in the cell-end and the cross- trichosa.
vein black. Traces of a double dark exterior line, incurved between veins 6 and 4. Behind it at the costal margin
ochreous-brown dots. A fine dark submarginal line, excurved in the middle. Hindwing light chocolate with
an indistinct exterior white band. 35 mm. Gold Coast.

D. sagittata sp. n. (69 e). Thorax reddish-brown, abdomen yellowish -brown. Forewing pale brown, sagillala.
dusted with red-brown, particularly at the base to the double red-brown, strongly notched interior line. At
the costal margin above the cross-vein a short double streak, the cross-vein itself broad grey. Exterior line
double, strongly notched, behind the cell incurved, to the centre of the inner margin. Behind it above vein 4
dark spots. Submarginal line distinct, red-brown. Hindwing ($) white, at the costal margin with a large spot,
margin pale brown. 38 mm. Cameroon. Type in the Berlin Museum.

D. pulverulenta Hmps. Thorax greyish -brown. Abdomen yellowish-brown with brown margins, pulvcrulen-
Forewing whitish, densely dusted with red-brown. Interior line indistinct, brown, faded, from the costal margin
to vein 1. Exterior line faded, incurved below vein 4, then obliquely outwards almost to the anal angle. Before
the distal margin a brown lunular line. Hindwing white. 30 — 44 mm. Gold Coast.

D. damba B.-Bcik. Thorax chocolate with green scales. Forewing creamy grey with green and dark damba.
red-brown scales. Exterior line strongly undulated, faded, dark red-brown. Submarginal line the same. Before
it as far as the cell and at the costal margin suffused with dark red-brown. Hindwing pale brown with the
usual spot at the costal margin. 40 mm. Central Africa.

D. congoana Aur. (69 e). Body whitish-grey, densely scaled brown. Forewing dark brown. An oblique congoana.
basal band green. At the costal margin near the apex and at the inner margin greenish spots. Hindwing of
<$ yellowish- white, at the apex brown, distal margin somewhat brownish. In the $ the base and distal margin
dark green, the costal margin somewhat lighter green. Hindwing brown. 28 — 35 mm. Congo District.

D. hippocastanaria sp. n. (69 e). Thorax greenish-brown, abdomen brown. Forewing pale reddish- Mppocasta-
brown with a dark red-brown marking. Interior line double, in the middle incurved, before it greenish. At
the cell-end and below vein 2 an intense spot, above vein 6 and below vein 4 more indistinct spots. Exterior
line double, incurved behind the cell, undulating, from the submedian fold more slanting to the inner margin.

The green distal margin broader than in congoana. Submarginal line fine, dark. Hindwing of $ pale reddish-
brown with an apical spot. 34 — 38 mm. Nyassa Land (East Africa). Type in the Berlin Museum.

412

DESMEOCRAERA. By M. Gaede.

The following species white, densely dusted with brown, distinguished

by the formation of the antennae.

agramma. D. agramnia Hmps. Antennae of $ finely serrate. Thorax white, brown and black, abdomen blackish.

Fore wing white, dusted with blackish-brown. A submarginal row of small brown dots excurved below vein
7 and on the middle. Hindwing white, slightly powdered with brown. Traces of a faded exterior line. 42 mm.
Mashona Land.

stenipiera. D. steniptera limps. Antennae of shortly pectinate, at the tops lamellar. Thorax greyish -brown,

abdomen reddish-brown. On the forewing a faded straight basal line. Interior line dark, at the costal margin
faded, excurved below the submedian fold. Exterior line rather faded, incurved between veins 4 and 2. Behind
it short dark streaks at the veins and an oblique shadow from the apex to vein 2. Hindwing white, interior
area somewhat brownish. 33 mm. Mashona Land, Transvaal.

pergrisea. O. pergrisea Hmps. Antennae of the same. Basal line angular below the costal margin, not reaching

to the inner margin. Interior line in the cell distally angled, below it inwards. Exterior line below vein 2 excurved
almost to the anal angle. Hindwing white, at the anal margin brownish. 40 mm. Natal.

The following two species described by Holland may neither belong hereto.

squamipcn- D. squamipeiinis Holl. Antennae of $ very strongly pectinate. Thorax and abdomen dark brown.

nis. Forewing the same. Behind the base a sooty brown shadow. A narrow light line from the costal margin near
the apex to the centre of the distal margin. Everywhere dense dark brown spots, inside and outside bordered
with rust-brown. Hindwing brown, at the apex 3 black streaks. 38 mm . West Africa.

hinnula. D. hinnula Holl. Thorax and abdomen pale greenish-brown. Forewing dark wood-brown. Exterior

band narrow, undulating, curved, greenish-yellow. On the centre with a greenish-yellow ray reaching to the
distal margin. On each side of the band 2 fine dark brown parallel lines. Besides a fine, curved, dentate basal
and subbasal line. Cross-vein blackish-brown. Hindwing unicoloured dark brown. 34 mm. West Africa.

We add now the pale green and yellowish - green species lacking a light

ring-macula and r e n i f o r m macula.

airiguitata. D. atriguttata Hmps. (69 e). Thorax pale yellowish-green, abdomen blackish -brown. Forewing pale

green, slightly mixed with brown. Interior line double, brown. Behind it at the costal margin a black spot.
On the cross-vein and before it a light brown streak, both surrounded by a white edge. Exterior line white,
edged with brown, particularly at the costal margin. Behind it below the costal margin and before the distal
margin black spots. Hindwing pale brown, at the costal margin green with 2 black streaks. 48 — 58 mm.

uniformis. Lagos, Niger, Cameroon, Lowa (Congo), Natal. — f. uniformis form. nov. Forewing almost unicoloured brownish-
green. Interior and exterior lines hardly noticeable. Distinct only a row of submarginal dots. Type: 1 $ in
the Berlin Museum.

calliope. D. calliope Hmps. (= janthina Amt., polyhymnia i. 1. (69 e). Thorax and forewing light green, abdomen

brown. Forewing as far as the strongly notched basal line blackish. Interior and exterior lines black, double,
notched, the branches rather distantly separated. Sometimes the white contours of a reniform macula are
feebly traceable. At the submarginal line from the apex to vein 4 and below vein 2 a dark spot. Hindwing
pale brown, at the costal margin green. Lowa (Congo), Transvaal, Natal.

rivata. D. rivata Hmps. Thorax red-brown, abdomen whitish red-brown. Forewing pale green, powdered

with dark. At the base yellowish-green. Subbasal line black, double, oblique. Interior line faded, brown.
Median line brown, distinct, incurved in the cell, at the inner margin outwards. Exterior line as in calliope.
Submarginal line dark, inside edged with white, outside with brown. Hindwing pale brown. 50 mm. Niger.

atribasalis. D. atribasalis Hmps. Thorax and abdomen red-brown, at the base blackish-brown. Forewing yellowish-

green, dusted with blackish-brown. The blackish-brown base bordered by a double oblique black undulating
line, in the cell strongly angled. Interior line as an oblique blackish-brown streak, at the costal margin inwards.
On the cross-vein and above it somewhat blackish -brown. Exterior line dark, dentate from near the apex to
vein 4, where it is distally angled, with a spot below vein 2. Submarginal line black, undulating. Hindwing
wdiite with 2 brown streaks at the apex. 40 mm. Natal.

thalassina. D. thalassina Hmps. Thorax pale greyish -green, abdomen greenish-white with black margins. Forewing

pale green. At the base black dots. Interior line intensely black, inside edged with white, oblique, excurved
in the cell. On the cross-vein black scales. Median line faded, black, excurved at vein 6, connected with the
interior line at the inner margin. Exterior line black, outside edged with white. Black submarginal lunar spots,
inside edged with white, the one above vein 4 more remote from the margin. Hindwing white, apex greyish-
green with a black spot. 38 mm. Mashona Land.

DESMEOCRAERA. By M. Gaede.

413

D, chloauchena Holl. Thorax grass green, abdomen pale green. Forewing pale green with a pale line chloau-
from the costal margin near the base to the centre of the inner margin, outside broadly edged with dark green. chena.
In the cell a light spot. An exterior line and one before the margin composed of white dots, inside and outside
narrowly dark green. Hindwing whitish, apex and costal margin green. 36 mm. West Africa.

D. desmotis Holl. (69 e). Thorax and end of abdomen green, the rest brown. Forewing light green desmotis.
with a very broad dark median band. Its inner margin slightly notched, distal margin very strongly notched,
incurved below the cell. Hindwing brown, at the costal margin green. In the <§ also the distal area is brownish
and traversed by a green notched line. West Africa.

D. latifasciata sp. n. (69 f). Tegulae blackish-brown, thorax grass-green with dark margins. Abdomen latifasciata.
red-brown, at the end green. Eorewing dark grass-green, at the costal margin at the base blackish. The green
colour obliquely inwards straightly cut off. Central area very broad, dark brown, at the costal margin narrow
green, outside bordered by a distinct green, very strongly notched line, sharply introangular behind the cell
and in the submedian fold. Costal margin behind it with yellowish-white dots, below it green as far as the
notched black submarginal line which is outside edged with green. Distal area somewhat lighter brown, on the
ends of the veins green dots. Hindwing dark red-brown, costal margin green with a black streak, below the
apex a green spot. 38 mm. Cameroon, Congo. Type: 1 $ in the Berlin Museum.

D. chloe Holl. Thorax dark green, abdomen pale brown. Forewing light pea-green, at the distal margin chloe.
whitish-green. At the base with indistinct dark transverse lines, a double median and exterior line. At the
cell-end a dark green spot and blackish spots at the costal margin near the apex and at the distal margin.

Hindwing pale brown. 33 mm. West Africa.

The following species have a dark green ground-colour with brown marking

or d u s t i n g.

D. chloeropis Holl. (69 f). Thorax dark grass-green, abdomen dark brown. Forewing unicoloured dark chloeropis.
green with many fine indistinct short brown lines and scales. In the cell and at the angles of the cross-vein
black dots. In the $ the interior two thirds are dusted with brown. Hindwing very dark, at the costal margin
with green spots. 34 — 40 mm. West Africa, Lowa (Congo).

D. bitioides Holl. Similar to a small bitia*. Thorax pale green, abdomen pale brown. Forewing pea- biiioides.
green with many dark green and brown transverse lines. Best visible is a row of small brown spots at the costal
margin and an exterior row of brown notched spots. Hindwing pinkish-brown, at the costal margin green
with brown streaks. In the $ the marking is more indistinct. 37 — 39 mm. West Africa, L. Tchad, Lowa (Congo).

D. propinqua Holl. Forewing shorter, broader, green. The subbasal, interior and exterior brown lines propinqua
are each double. On the centre of the costal margin and at the cell-end a pale green spot. A row of sub marginal
dark brown lunar spots, and brown marginal spots. Hindwing pale brown, at the costal margin yellowish-
brown with 3 dark spots. 33 mm. West Africa.

D. glauca sp. n. (69 f). Thorax and forewing dark green, at the base bluish -gi’een. Subbasal, interior, glauca.
and exterior lines black, double, notched, the first two directed inwards. Behind the interior line at the costal
margin somewhat bluish-green. A large triangular spot in the cell and behind it a small black one, on the cross¬
vein edged with bluish-green, inwards of it below the cell a bluish-green ring. Behind the exterior line broad
bluish-black. The black submarginal line above vein 3 distally projecting, outside edged with blue-green. Ab¬
domen and hindwing brown, costal margin light green with blackish-brown spots. 36 mm. South Nigeria.

D. alchornea A. Schultze (69 f). Thorax and forewing dark green, dusted with brownish. Base and alchomea.
inner margin of a purer green. Black spots in the centre of the cell and at the end of it, as well as below the
base of vein 2. A brown median line is traceable, behind it pure green spots between the veins. Before the
margin oblong brown spots, inside edged with green, the 2 foremost spots being particularly intense, spot-like.

Hindwing brown, at the costal margin with the beginnings of a yellowish-green median line. 35 mm. Cameroon.

D. brunneicosta sp. n. (69 f). Thorax olive-green, abdomen brown, anal end dark green. Forewing dark
green, dusted with brown. Costal margin as far as the exterior line narrow brown. The subbasal line and the
double interior line are black, introverted, only in the anterior half distinct, filled up with brown. Exterior
line double, behind the cell incurved, filled up with brown. Midway before the distinct black submarginal line
a light green notched line parallel to the exterior line. At the ends of the veins light dots. Hindwing reddish-
brown, at the costal margin and apex green spots. 36 mm. Cameroon. Type : 1 $ in the Berlin Museum.

brunnei-

costa.

The following species with dark green forewings and more or less yellow

hindwing s.

D. albipuncta sp. n. (69 f). Thorax brownish-green, abdomen brown. Forewing dark green, at the albipuncta.
base brownish to the subbasal line. Interior and exterior lines double, somewhat faded, black, filled with brown.

*) The species is probably a Lymantriid. Fore wing green with 4 black interior and exterior lines each. Hindwing
red-brown. 48 mm. West Africa.

414

DESMEOCRAERA. By M. Gaede.

n igrifascia-
1a.

apicalis.

chloana.

adversa.

incisus.

circulosa.

varia.

albicans.

octoginta.

plalli .

Iii the cell a black spot. The angles of the cross-vein black, edged with white. Behind the exterior line above
vein 6 blackish, below veins 4 — 2 somewhat less dark. The dark submarginal line not notched. At the ends of the
veins white dots. Hindwing yellow. Median band brown, inside faded. Margin broad brown with a darker
apical spot. 38 mm. Lowa (Congo). Type: 1 in the British Museum. 1 specimen from Ruanda shows a dark
brown ground-colour on the forewing with but little marking, only the white dots being very conspicuous.

D. nigrifasciata sp. n. (69 f). Thorax green, abdomen brown, at the base green. Forewing dark green.
In the cell and below it black dots. A broad blackish-brown median band reaches to the costal margin only
with its interior edge, close behind it a light notched line. A submarginal row of faded dark brown spots, behind
them at the costal margin a light green spot. Somewhat oblong brown marginal spots inside edged with green.
Hindwing yellow with a straight brown median band. Margin broad brown, slightly narrowing down towards
the anal angle, at the apex a green spot. 38 mm. Lowa (Congo). Type: 1 <$ in the British Museum. It may
be a form of the following species.

D. apicalis Aur. Thorax and abdomen reddish-brown. Forewing brownish, powdered with green. At
the base large oval black spots. A black median line vertical to the inner margin, not reaching to the costal
margin. Costal margin before it blackish, behind it a somewhat notched light line also vertical to the inner
margin and 2 irregular rows of dark dots, the interior one at the costal margin with a green spot. Hindwing
yellow, costal margin dark brown with green scales. Margin somewhat darkened. 37 mm. Congo.

D. chloana Holl. Thorax and forewing dark green with an indistinct interior, median, and exterior
pale brown line, inside and outside edged with dark green. At the base and in the cell blackish -brown spots
of erect scales. Abdomen dark brown. Hindwing yellow, costal and distal margins broad brown. In the $
the whole hindwing is brown. West Africa.

D. adversa Karscli. (69 g). Thorax and forewing dark green. Abdomen dark brown, at the base green.
Interior half of the median area reddish-brown. One black spot each above and below the bases of vein 2 and
vein 1, each lower one outwards. Cross- vein black. An exterior row of black dots indistinct; the submarginal
row more distinct, inside edged with green, at the costal margin with a green spot. In another specimen only
a small cellular spot is reddish-brown, all the rest being green. Hindwing yellow, at the costal margin as far
as vein 6 dark brown with green scales. Margin very narrow brown. 35 — 40 mm. Cameroon, Lowa (Congo).

The following two species form transitions to the next group.

D. incisus Rothsch. Thorax and abdomen yellowish-grey. Forewing at the base, beloAv the median
vein and vein 2 olive green. Below the median vein a triangular white spot. The rest of . the wing reddish,
strewn with green and grey. Hindwing greyish-brown with a black streak at the apex. 45 mm. Niger.

D. circulosa sp. n. (69 g). Thorax dark green, abdomen white. Tegulae, metathorax and the abdominal
tuft dark olive green. Forewing green. Interior line blackish, notched, uniformly curved. Exterior line from
the costal margin to vein 4 almost straight, then strongly incurved, at vein 1 far excurved. The space from
the costal margin within the interior line below the median vein to the exterior line and to the inner margin
olive green. Exterior line behind the cell edged with olive green. Before the cross-vein a white circle. In the
indentation of the exterior line a white spot. Fine brown submarginal dots, inside edged with white. Hindwing
yellowish- white, at the costal margin green. Distal margin brownish, at the apex green. 32 mm. Lowa (Congo).
Type: 1 <$ in the British Museum.

The following species with a more or less distinct ring-macula and reniform macula, and with a ring
below the cell.

D. varia Janse (69 g). Thorax and forewing light green, abdomen above brown, at the end green.
Forewing with a black marking. Subbasal line above vein 1 outwards to the interior line. Interior line double,
behind it a white ring in the submedian fold. Ring-macula and reniform macula edged with white. Exterior
line double, strongly notched, filled up with brown between veins 2 and 4 and below the submedian fold so
to the base. Submarginal line strongly notched. Hindwing brown, at the costal margin greenish. § somewhat
darker. In a secondary form there is in the submedian fold of the forewing an intense black streak extending
to the exterior line. Natal. — albicans form. nov. The inner margin on the forewing not brownish. Hindwing
at the costal margin green with 2 black streaks, otherwise white with a faint dark sub marginal band. 40 — 50 mm.
Togo. Type: 1 $ in the Berlin Museum.

D. octoginta Hmps. Thorax greyish-green, abdomen brown, at the end green. Forewing greyish -green.
Marking exactly as in varia. In the submarginal line a fine black streak. The ring-macula and reniform macula
form the shape of an “80“. Hindwing as in albicans. 36 mm. Transvaal.

D. platti Janse, (69 g). Thorax dark green, abdomen dark brown. Forewing dark green, dusted with
black, at the base with short black streaks. Interior line black, curved, in the submedian fold interrupted by
a white ring. Below vein 2 a black streak with a branch to the inner margin. The white-edged ring-macula

SOMERA. By M. Gaede.

415

and reniform macula are close together and below them there is another white ring. Exterior line double, black,
the exterior branch composed of thick spots. Submarginal line fine black. Hindwing brown, costal margin
bluish-green with 3 black streaks. 40 mm. Natal.

D. geminata sp. n. (69 g). Thorax green, abdomen brown, at the beginning and end green. Forewing geminata.
dark green. A basal spot and at the inner margin bluish-green. Interior line dark brown, in the middle incurved,
inside edged with green. Inside of it reddish-brown. Ring-macula and reniform macula bluish-white, both
8-shaped, very close together, the circle below them close at the interior line; behind that circle as far as the
exterior line a dark shadow. Exterior line brown, double, notched, fine. Behind it another similar double
line, at the inner margin very near together and both darker there. Costal margin with black spots and 2 similar
ones behind the second line near the costal margin, then 2 bluish-green ones and 2 brown ones below them.

Marginal line black, notched. Hindwing dark brown. At the costal margin and apex blue -green, between them
2 black lines. 42 mm. Lowa (Congo). Type: in the British Museum.

D. extensa sp. n. (69 g). Thorax in front greyish-green, behind darker. Abdomen brown, at the end exiensa.
dark green. Forewing dark green. Interior line black, almost straight, at the inner margin excurved. The
ring-macula is united with the circle below it, forming a brown reniform spot, filled and edged with a light
greyish-yellow. The reniform macula is likewise extended downward. The light edges of the maculae reach
to the costal margin. Below it traces of a brown median line to the inner margin. Exterior line dark brown,
double, notched, from % of the costal margin slightly curved almost to the anal angle. Between veins 2 and 4
the light margin of the maculae extends to the distal margin in the type. In the second specimen there is an
interruption by the ground-colour at the median vein. Submarginal line dark, feebly notched, before it somewhat
brownish. Hindwing greyish-yellow, distal margin reddish-brown, at the apex with a green spot. In the second
specimen the margin is broader, more faded. 32 — 35 mm. Lowa (Congo). Type: 1 $ in the British Museum.

B. confluens sp. n. (69 h). Thorax dark green, abdomen brown, at the base and end green. Forewing confluens.
dark green. Subbasal and interior lines black, almost straight. Exterior line double, black, notched. From
3/5 of the costal margin to vein 4 almost vertical to the costal margin, as far as vein 2 inwards, then vertical
to the inner margin. The space between the two lines from the costal margin to vein 2 yellowish-brown, the
macnlae not conspicuous. Below the base of vein 2 the light circular spot is still present, behind it a blackish
spot. Behind the exterior line sharp dents of the green ground-colour, as far as the notched black submarginal
line brownish. Hindwing yellowish-brown with a green spot at the apex. Margin narrow red-brown. 32 — 35 mm.

Gold Coast, Lowa (Congo). Type: 1 in the British Museum. In 2 specimens of the Berlin Museum the costal
margin of the forewing is also in the centre dark green. The black cross-vein and the ring below the cell are
pronounced by bluish margins: annulosa. East Africa. annulosa.

Forewing olive brown.

D. tripuncta Janse (69 h). Thorax olive brown, abdomen brown. Forewing olive brown, finely powdered tripuncta.
with black. Subbasal line black, short. Interior line double, below the costal margin and above the inner
margin outward angular, behind it white scales. On the centre of the costal margin black dots. One black
spot each in the centre of the cell, at its end, and below the first spot, finely edged with white. Exterior line
very oblique, double, dentate, indistinct. Submarginal line notched, before it some dark dots. Hindwing white
with 3 black streaks at the dark apex. 40 mm. Natal. — impumctata form. nov. As far as we can judge from impunctata.
the very faded marking, it belongs to this species. The 3 black dots are absent. 32 mm. East Africa. Type:

1 <4 in the Berlin Museum.

D. leucophaea sp. n. (69 h). Thorax and abdomen brownish-grey. Forewing greyish-brown. Subbasal leucophaea.
line black, from the costal margin inwards. Interior line black, double, incurved in the middle. The 3 maculae
white, filled with grey. Below the reniform macula a black curved median line, before it a streak at the costal
margin. Exterior line double, the branches at the costal margin distantly separated, the exterior branch much
stronger, notched, almost parallel to the distal margin. Behind it a white notched line with the tips inward.

The notched marginal line is black with angles at veins 2 — 4. Hindwing (<$) white or ($) brown, at the costal
margin 3 black streaks in the grey area. 32 — 38 mm. Cameroon. Type: <$ in the Berlin Museum.

D. nugatrix Fldr. is similar. The interior and exterior lines double, black, below the costal margin nugatrix.
distally angled, otherwise straight. Ring-macula confluent with reniform macula. The space between the
white notched line and the submarginal line is light. 40 mm. South Africa. It may be that Felder’s figure
is bad and leucophaea is the same species.

Note: From the description we cannot decide whether Stauropus subnigrans Mab. (1897) belongs hereto.

13. Genus: Soniera Whr.

Palpi obliquely erect. Antennae with long pectinations as far as the tips. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of
spurs. Forewing moderately broad, apex slightly produced. Vein 6 from the upper angle, 7 forming the
accessory cell with the stalk of 84-9 + 10. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 from the angle, 6+7 forked. Type:
viridifusca Whr. from India.

416

SOMEROPSIS; SIZALISCA; RHENEA; DESMEOCRAERULA. By M. Gaede.

poliostrota

viriditincta.

graminosa.

mediata.

biliturata.

latif asciatci.

inconspi-

cuana.

angulata.

S. poliostrota Hmps. Thorax dark red-brown, mixed with grey, abdomen red-brown. Forewing red-
brown, mixed with grey, veins darker brown. Traces of an undulating dark interior and exterior line, the latter
somewhat dentate. Before the margin a fine white lunular line. Hindwing silky white, somewhat reddish-
brown, with a fine dark marginal line. 42 mm. Cape Colony, South-West Africa.

14. Genus. Someropsis Strd.

Last antennal third filiform. Veins as in Somera, but in the hindwing veins 3+4 as long-stalked as 6 + 7.

S. viriditincta Strd. (69 h). Thorax, forewing, and abdominal end above grass-green, rest of abdomen
brown. Forewing with a broad blackish-brown interior and exterior line and several fine dark lines. Hindwing
blackish -brown, at the base lighter. 55 — 62 mm. Benito District (Spanish Guinea).

15. Genus : &iz*vlisc«l Wkr. (Stauropussa Strd.)

Antennae pectinate as far as % of their length. Hind tibiae with but one pair of spurs. Neuration
of forewing: vein 6 below the upper angle, 7 + 10 + 8+9 stalked. In the hindwing 6+7 on a long stalk.

S. graminosa Wkr. (= viriclipennis Strd.) (69 h). Thorax and forewing grass-green with a brown
marking. An interior band rather indistinct, more distinct a double notched median line and the anterior
portion of the submarginal band. Before the margin a row of black spots. Hindwing greyish-brown, at the
apex green. 30 — 44 mm. Cameroon, Togo, Niger District, Congo. The species is apparently very much inclined
to faded colours, beside the entirely pale green specimens there are also such of a deep dark green colour, with
an extensive submarginal band and an interior band extending obliquely distad.

16. Genus : Rlienea Saalm.

Separated from the palaearctic genus Stauropus only by the shape of the wings and the scheme of
markings. Proboscis absent, palpi short. Antennae on % of their length strongly pectinated. Hind tibiae
with but one pair of spurs. Forewing rather broad. Veins 6 + 10 + 7 + 8 + 9 stalked. In the hindwing veins
6 + 7 on a long stalk.

R. mediata Mkr. (= circumcincta Saalm.) (69 i). Greyish-brown. Forewing with a fine pink basal
streak and 3 black lines. The interior line excurved below the costal margin, the central one almost straight,
the exterior line excurved behind the cell. Around the yellow cross-vein a white ring, below it above the inner
margin likewise white. Before the margin a white undulating line. Hindwing yellowish white. Transvaal. —
In biliturata Karsch the forewing is more yellowish-brown, the hindwing lighter, in the $ pure white. 28 — 38 mm.
Togo, Ruanda, Natal, Transvaal. 1 $ from the Gold boast exhibits a green hue.

R. latifasciata sp. n. (69 i). Thorax reddish-brown, abdomen brown. Forewing reddish-brown with
black lines. Interior line rather indistinct, more remote from the base than in mediata , and parallel with the
median line, curved in the cell, then straight inwards. As far as this the wing is dark red-brown; in the sub-
median fold a black streak. Central area lighter. Exterior line notched, nearer to the margin, behind it in the
submedian fold darker. Distal margin of a purer brown. Hind wing reddish-brown. 38mm. Type: 1 $ in the
Berlin Museum.

17. Genus: Desmeocraerula Strd.

Separated from Desmeocraera by the very short palpi; in both wings vein 5 very far in front; beneath
on the fore wing intensely haired at the median vein.

D. inconspicuana Strd. (69 i). Body of a dingy greyish brown. Forewing dingy white. At the costal
margin near the base and before the apex reddish-brown, indistinctly defined, with red-brown marginal lunae.
Hindwing in the distal area pale reddish-brown. 35 mm ($). Spanish Guinea.

D. angulata sp. n. (69 i). Body dingy white, abdomen above at the base brownish. Forewing of a purer
white. The brown spots at the costal margin larger, more distinctly defined. The exterior spot continued in
single black scales to the inner margin. Before the margin a strongly notched blackish line, no marginal lunae.
Hindwing darker red-brown. In the cell a fine black dot which is also present though less distinct in incon¬
spicuana. 38 mm. East Africa. A $ from the Niger District may belong to it, lacking the antennae, its body
and forewing being all over suffused with grey. The cellular dot is absent.

Pull. PHYLLALIODES; METARCTINA; PHALERA; LEUCOPHALERA. By M. Gaede. 417

29. III. 1928. J

18. Genus: Phyllaliocles Hmps.

Palpi porrect as far as a little beyond the irons, proboscis small. Antennae of <§ long-combed as far
as the tips. Forewing triangular, costal margin straight, apex rounded. Veins 3 and 4 distantly separated,

6 and 7 from the upper angle, 10 -J- 8 9 stalked. Hindwing broad, veins 3 + 4 on a short stalk, 6 + 7 on a

longer one, 8 as far as half the cell along the latter and connected with it by a bar.

P. agramma Hmps. Thorax dark red-brown, abdomen brownish-white. Forewing dark red-brown agramma.
with some white scales. Hindwing white, hued with brown, the veins browner. 40 mm. Natal.

19. Genus: Metarctina gen. nov.

Palpi short, densely haired. Proboscis absent. Antennae of strongly pectinate as far as the tips.

Forewing with a straight costal margin, curved at the apex. Veins 3 and 4 separated, 6 from the upper angle,

10 + 7 + 8+9 stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 from the same place, 6+7 stalked, 8 nearing the cell
as far as beyond the middle.

M. ochricostata sp. n. (69 i). Thorax almost black, abdomen blackish with reddish indentations. Forewing ochricostata.
brownish-black, at the costal margin in the middle ochreous brown. Fringe and inner margin narrowly ochreous
brown. Hindwing dark brown with lighter fringe. 36 mm. West Tanganyika. Type: 1 $ in the British Museum.

V. Phalera-Group.

20. Genus: Plialera Hbn.

Proboscis and palpi short. Antennae of pectinate as far as more than half their length, in the $ with
shorter dents. Forewing broad triangular. Costal margin straight. Vein 6 from the centre of the accessory
cell, 7 and 8 + 9 + 10 from its end. Hindwing at the costal margin slightly concave. Veins 6 + 7 on a short
stalk. Type: bucephala L. from Europe.

Ph. imitata Drc. (69 i) is extremely similar to bucepliala L. On the forewing the subbasal line is more imitata.
parallel to the interior line, the exterior line is less notched, all being more finely executed. Hindwing pale
orange (<J) or brownish ($). 50 — 60 mm. Natal, Rhodesia, Tanganyika.

Ph. lydenburgi Dist. (70a). Antennae of $ filiform. Head and tegulae yellow. Thorax red-brown; lydenburgi.
abdomen ochreous brown, at the end whitish. Forewing in the anterior half dark red-brown, cross-vein
surrounded with light. Apex of yellow wood-colour, below it obliquely inwards a dark line. Interior half of
forewing brownish- white, dusted with black. Before the distal margin dark lunae. Hindwing dark brown, base
and inner margin lighter. 48 — 55 mm. East Africa, Natal, South- West- Africa, Tanganyika District.

Ph. lignitea Mob. Forewing of a dingy wood-colour, turning white at the distal margin. A blackish lignitea.
double stripe below the apex as far as below the cell. Margin ash-grey with a strongly dentate blackish-white
line. Hindwing blackish -brown, at the margin ochreous brown. Size? It may be a bad specimen of lydenburgi
or even no Phalera at all. South Africa.

Ph. lavinia Faivc. (70 a). In the scheme of markings similar to Amph. leuconeplira . Head red-brown, lavinia.
thorax grey, abdomen reddish-yellow. Forewing at the costal margin broad grey, the rest pale brown with a
black marking. Subbasal line somewhat double; interior line incurved below the cell, double; exterior line
strongly notched. Submarginal line faded, behind it grey, reniform macula grey. Hindwing pale brown with
an indistinct median line. 40 — 44 mm. East Africa.

Ph. inexpectata Rothsch. Judging from the plain antennae of the $ and the entirely different marking inexpectata.
no species of Phalera. Thorax white with blackish-brown spots, abdomen white with brown rings. Forewing
claret-coloured in the distal third, otherwise creamy white red scales. In the cell and around the cross-vein
white. Median line dark, incurved in the cell, behind it a light spot with two tips. Exterior line feeble. The
space between the two lines is lighter. 76 — 88 mm. Niger District.

21. Genus: X^eucopiialera Janse.

Proboscis stunted, palpi porrect, short. Antennae of $ and $ pectinate to the tips. Forewing somewhat
narrower than in Phalera. Vein 6 from the upper cell-angle, 7 forming the accessory cell with the stalk of
10 + 8+9. Hindwing with a straight costal margin, 6+7 on a very short stalk. Type: latipennis Btlr.

L. princei Griinbg. (= postaurantia Rothsch.) (70 a). Forewing similar to a combination of Phal. imitata princei.
and lydenburgi. Body the same as in the latter two species. Hindwing orange with dark veins. 40 — 50 mm.

East Africa.

L. latipennis Btlr. (= elegans Janse ) (70 a). Thorax creamy white, in front dark brown, abdomen latipennis.
brownish orange. Fore wing creamy white. Interior line composed of red and black lunae, exterior line black
and red, both moderately curved. A grey, feeble, slightly angular median line. Behind the exterior line grey
dusting. Hindwing as in princei. 60 mm. Nyassa District, Transvaal.

XIV

53

418 ALENOPHALERA; EPIPHALERA; AMPHIPHALERA; RHYNCHOPHALERA; ONOPHALERA. By M. Gaede.

22. Genus: Alenophalera Strd.

Antennae of <$ and $ dentate. A hair-pencil on the mesothorax. Forewing with an oblique distal margin.
Veins 6+7+8 stalked, 10 forming the accessory cell with 7. In the hindwing 6+7 stalked.

variegata. A. variegata Aur. (70 b). Thorax in front darker brown, abdomen lighter. Forewing yellowish-brown

with a subbasal light band, median area parted by dark notched lines. On the cross-vein a reniform dark spot
and from there to the inner margin a dark band. Distal area darker, subapical spot yellowish-brown, below'
it faded bluish-grey. A submarginal row of dark dots. Hindwing reddish-brown. 45 — 65 mm. Cameroon,
inconspi- Sierra Leone, Spanish Guinea. — - inconspicua form. nov. (70 a). Colouring violettish-brown, marking feebler,
dupUcaia onty the discal spot very large. 48 mm. Ruanda. — duplicata form. nov. (70 b). Interior and exterior lines
distinctly double. The patch from the cross- vein to the margin blackish -brown, not bluish-grey. 48 mm. Ruanda.
punctata. — punctata form. nov. (70 b). Body and forewing orange-red. Interior and exterior lines fine. The reniform
macula and the submarginal spots intensely black. 48 mm. Ituri (Congo). Types of the 3 forms in the British
Museum.

23. Genus: Epiphalera gen. nov.

Palpi short, proboscis absent. Antennae of $ and $ dentate. Body as in Amphiphalera. Forewing
with a somewhat rounder apex. Veins 7 + 10 + 8 + 9 stalked, sometimes also 6 on a short stalk. Hindwing
somewhat smaller, rounder, veins 3 and 4 somewhat separate, 6 -)- 7 on a short stalk.

unifonnis. E. uniformis sp. n. (70 b). Thorax dark greyish-brown. Abdomen ochreous brown, beneath white

m the $ at the end greyish -brown. Forewing mouse-coloured, at the base somewhat darker. An exterior
somewhat dark line is feebly recognisable, almost vertical to the inner margin, only at vein 4 slightly excurved,
otherwise straight. Hindwing white. 36 — 46 mm. Lake District, Transvaal. Type: $ in the Berlin Museum.

24. Genus: i mpiiipludera Hmps.

Proboscis almost normal, palpi short. Antennae of d1 and $ dentate. Forewing rather pointed, distal
margin oblique. Vein 6 from the centre of the accessory cell, 7 and 10 + 8 + 9 from its apex. In the hindwing
veins 6 + 7 stalked.

leuconephra. A. leuconephra Hmps. (70 b). Thorax greyish-brown and white, abdomen yellowish -brown. Forewing

silky greyish-brown with white scales. Interior and exterior notched lines dark, often indistinct. Reniform
macula and costal margin above it whitish. An indistinct white submarginal line with blackish spots. Hindwing
yellowish- white, in the $ more or less brownish. 40 — 50 mm. Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, East Africa.

25. Genus: Rliyiaclioplialera Aur.

Palpi somewhat longer, antennae of d dentate, in the $ filiform. Forewing narrow. Veins 6 + 7 + 10
+ 8 + 9 stalked, no accessory cell. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 on a short stalk, often also 3+4. Type:
signata Aur.

signata. R. signata Aur. Body as in Phalera. Forewing rather uniformly dark reddish-brown. Interior and

exterior notched lines dark, on both sides edged with light. Cross-vein dark, edged with black, in the type
inwardly prolonged forming a U-shaped mark. At the distal margin in front a light spot, before it a dark line
is traceable. Hindwing yellowish -brown. 60 — 76 mm. Cameroon.

ncphocrossa . R. nephocrossa B.-Bak. (70 c). Forewing ochreous grey, at the base broad dark grey. Interior and

exterior lines notched, black, like the reniform macula which is filled with light. Before the margin mostly
lighter, dentalely defined, enclosing black dots. Hindwing at the base and anal margin orange, at the margin
faded brown. Sometimes the forewing is almost unicoloured dark. 45 — 55 mm. Congo District, Cameroon.

26. Genus: OiioplBalcra gen. nov.

Palpi short, proboscis absent. Antennae of $ plain. Forewing long, distal margin in the middle strongly
bent. Interior angle very sharp. Veins 3 and 4 almost from the same place, 6 + 7 + 10 + 8 + 9 stalked.
Hindwing with angle at vein 7, 3 + 4 and 6 + 7 on equally long stalks, 8 nearing the centre of the cell.

duplex. 0. duplex sp. n. (70 c). Head and tegulae of yellow wood-colour. Thorax red-brown and grey. Ab¬

domen orange-brown. Forewing grey, dusted with brown. Interior line undulating, exterior line notched, both
• rather straight. On the cross-vein 2 parallel, thick, black streaks. Before the margin short dark streaks, obli-
fusca. quely outward. Marginal line dark. Fringe brown. Hindwing as in E. nephocrossa. - fusca form. nov. (70 c).
Thorax and forewing dark brown, no marking except the very large black reniform macula. 60 mm. Nyassa
Land, Cameroon. Both the types 9 in the British Museum.

ZELOMERA; CH ADI SR A. By M. Gaede.

27. Genus : Zelomera Btlr.

419

Proboscis absent, palpi erect, projecting beyond the frons. Antennae pectinate almost to the middle.

Costal margin of forewing straight. Vein 6 from the centre of the accessory vein, 7 and 10 + 8 -j- 9 from its
apex. Hindwing as in Phalera.

Z. imitans Btlr. (70 c). Thorax and abdomen red-brown, tegnlae and patagia whitish-grey. Forewing imitans.
brown, at the base white, behind it darker red-brown. A notched dark median line only in front distinct. From
this line to the exterior line at the costal margin greyish -white. Exterior line almost from the apex, then strongly
incurved as far as below vein 2. In the distal area dark brown streaks and a white notched line. Hindwing
rusty brown. 44 mm. Madagascar.

VI, Hoplitis-Group.

Most of the species exhibit on the hind wing near the anal angle a dark spot,
the $ instead of it often a broad dark marginal band.

28. Genus: Clsadiso Wkr.

Proboscis strong, palpi long, erect. Antennae of <$ dentate or pectinate. Forewing moderately broad,
costal margin straight. Veins 6 -j- 7 -f- 8 -j- 9 stalked, 10 forming the accessory cell with the stalk of 7. In the
hindwing veins 6 -f- 7 stalked, 8 in the middle nearing the cell and connected with it by a bar. Type: bipars
Wkr. from India.

a) Antennae of £ dentate.

C. curvilinea Sivh. In the marking similar to the Indian species of Hyperaeschra. Body greyish ochreous. curvilinea.
Forewing in the basal half pinkish ochreous grey with black longitudinal streaks. Outside defined by a black,
thick line which is deeply incurved above the inner margin and terminates on the centre of the inner margin.

Distal area dark grey, inside with an intense black line, not far from the first, then 2 or 3 indistinct grey lines.

Before the margin sagittary spots. Hindwing grey, near the anal angle a large black spot. Sometimes the
forewing is suffused with green. 50 mm. Natal.

C. persimilis Hmps. Thorax pale yellow and brown. Forewing in the proximal half pale yellow, slightly persimilis.
dusted with brown at the costal margin as far as the middle and at the inner margin as far as the submarginal
line. The rest of the wing is brown, at the costal margin dusted with greyish white. Below the base of the cell
a black streak, with traces of the ring-macula. In the interior area some black streaks. Median line black,
inside faded, edged with brown, below the cell angular. Exterior line black, at the costal margin outside defined
by white. Before the margin a white undulate line. Hindwing white, hairs at the inner margin ochreous. Before
the anal angle a brown spot. 30 mm. Natal.

b) Antennae of $ with short double pectinations, at the tips dentate.

C. semiflava Hmps. Chiefly separated from persimilis by the antennae. Median line of forewing inside semiflava.
edged with red-brown, the exterior line indistinct, double. Submarginal line grey. Hindwing not different.

42 mm. Natal.

C. uncifera Hmps. Thorax and abdomen brownish ochreous. Forewing brownish ochreous, dusted with uncifera.
red-brown and black. An interior double row of black streaks. Exterior line double, indistinct, projecting
far at the veins. Behind it fine black streaks; before the margin light and dark streaks. Hindwing brownish
ochreous and red-brown with a black streak above the anal angle. 36 mm. Natal.

C. viridipulverea sp. n. (70 c). Head and thorax greyish-brown, abdomen pale ochreous brown. Forewing viridipul-
ochreous brown, dusted with a darker brown. A dark subbasal line is traceable. Median line black, thick,
strongly incurved towards the inner margin. Inside of it and at the costal margin dusted with green. Exterior
line straight, at the distal margin dusted with green, particularly below vein 3. Before the apex a dark streak
at the costal margin. Hindwing white, at the anal angle 2 dark brown streaks. 28 — 43 mm. Type in the Berlin
Museum .

c) Antennae of $ pectinate as far as the tips.

C. nubifera Hmps. Thorax greyish-brown with black scales, abdomen yellowish-brown with white nubifera.
segmental margins. Forewing greyish-white, densely dusted with brown, at the base black streaks and dots,
in the $ the base unicoloured black. Interior line double, indistinct, inside white. A faded brown median shadow.

Exterior line outside bordered with white and brown, slightly notched, angular at vein 1. Behind it black
streaks from the costal margin, and black submarginal spots. Hindwing white with a black spot above the
anal angle and at the inner margin. 30 — 32 mm. East Africa,

rosinaria.

maxima .

ochribasis.

plagosa.

ingens.

serena.

xylosiola.

corticicolor.

420 AMYOPS; GALONA; FENTONIA. By M. Gaede.

C. rosinaria Hmps. (70 c). Thorax greyish-brown, abdomen yellowish-brown. Porewing greyish-brown
lines black. A notched subbasal line to vein 1. Interior line double, vertical to the inner margin, almost straight.
Exterior line notched, outside somewhat lighter. Submarginal band whitish with black spots, particularly
above vein 2. Hindwing silky white, at the anal angle brown, above it a black double streak. 38 mm. Natal.

C. maxima sp. n. (70 d). Thorax greyish-brown with a yellowish-green median spot; abdomen greyish-
brown. Forewing greyish-brown. Subbasal line black, extending to the cell-end, the base of the wing grey.
Interior line vertical to the costal margin as far as the submedian fold, then removed inwards; before it 2
parallel dark brown nebulous lines. Cross-vein black. Exterior line almost parallel to the interior line, outside
edged with white, before it a nebulous line. Submarginal line thick with streaks on the veins, from above vein 3
somewhat inwardly bent. Hindwing white with the usual spot at the anal angle. 55 mm. East Africa. In the
hindwing veins 3 -f 4 on a very short stalk. The antennae of the $ are not pectinate to the tips, yet it is very
closely allied with rosinaria. Type : 1 $ in the Museum of Stockholm.

C. ochribasis Hmps. Forewing in the proximal half ochreous brown and red-brown, bordered by an
oblique, curved line. Subbasal and interior lines only marked by spots. An oblong brown spot below the base
of the cell. The rest of the wing is greyish-brown with a broad white band behind the median line. Exterior
line marked by brown streaks. Traces of a white submarginal line. Hindwing white, margin brown, at the
anal angle narrower. 55 mm. East Africa.

C. plagosa Rothsch. Thorax and abdomen of a reddish wood-colour. Forewing cinnamon-reddish with
many indistinct brown notched lines. A light green spot below the base of the costal margin. A blackish-brown
broad faded band from before the centre of the costal margin to the anal angle with a branch to x/± of the inner
margin, between them grey. A large pale green subapical spot. Hindwing of a brown wood-colour. 47 mm.
Niger District.

29. Genus: Amyops Karsch.

Proboscis stunted, palpi short. Antennae of <$ and $ pectinate almost to the tips. Forewing rather
long and narrow. Vein 5 rises above the centre, 6 on a very short stalk with 7 -j- 8 -f- 9, 10 forming a long
accessory cell with the stalk of 8 + 9. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 almost from the same place, 5 before the
centre, feebler, veins 6 + 7 on a long stalk, 8 as far as the cell-end close to the cell.

A. ingens Karsch (= gigas Dist.). Thorax black; patagia white, in front with an angle. Abdomen yellow
with a black median line and black end. Forewing brown with white stripes, in the middle suffused with bluish.
Hindwing white, with a very broad black margin. 68 — 80 mm. From Togo to East Africa, Delagoa Bay,
Transvaal.

30. Genus: Graloiia Karsch.

Proboscis absent, palpi porrect, somewhat longer than in Amyops. Antennae bipectinate almost to
the tips in both sexes. Forewing broad, vein 6 close below the upper angle or also stalked with 7+8 + 9.
Vein 10 forms a long accessory cell with the stalk of 8 + 9. Hindwing slightly excurved at the costal margin,
6 + 7 on a long stalk, 8 in its whole length parallel to the cell.

G. serena Karsch ( = pyrrhotricha Karsch $) (70 d). Thorax black, patagia pinkish- white. Abdomen
carmine with black dorsal spots. Forewing brownish black. A radial band above and below the median vein
to the apex pinkish-white. An exterior band of black spots from vein 4 to the inner margin mostly only in the
$ well visible. Hindwing white, in the $ at the costal margin and anal angle black, in the $ a broad black
marginal band. 46 — 60 mm. Togo, Angola, Rhodesia, East Africa.

31. Genus: JFeiitonia Btlr.

Palpi short, erect, abdomen long. Forewing moderately broad. Veins 6 + 10 + 7 + 8 + 9 stalked.
In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 on a short stalk, 8 close at the cell almost to its end. Antennal pectinations
of different length. Type: ocypete Brem. from Eastern Asia. The two Ethiopian species do not resemble the
Indians in the scheme of marking.

F. xylostola Hmps. Antennae of $ with short pectinations. Thorax and abdomen red-brown mixed
with white. Fore wing red-brown, densely dusted with grey. Subbasal line of black scales. Interior line of
erect black scales, in the submedian fold incurved, above the inner margin excurved. Exterior line of black
scales, at the costal margin and as far as vein 2 excurved, then inwards. A whitish submarginal line and a black
undulating marginal line are traceable. Hindwing red-brown. 42 mm. Sierra Leone.

F. corticicolor Aur. Brownish, abdomen at the end paler, greyish-yellow, forewing greyish-brown with
a blackish-brown marking. At the base of the costal margin, in the cell and below it oblong spots. Median line
strongly notched, particularly at veins 3 and 6. Exterior band undulating, strongly angled at veins 3 and 4,
distal margin grey. Hindwing brown. 46 mm, Cameroon,

421

FENTONINA; STEMMATOPHALERA ; HOPLITIS. By M. Gaede.

32. Genus: Fciitomna gen. nov.

Proboscis, palpi, and antennae as in Galona. Forewing somewhat narrower, hindwing smaller, abdomen
longer. Neuration of forewing; vein 6 always below the upper cell-angle, 7 mostly forming the accessory cell
with the stalk of 10 -f 8 + 9, almost in every specimen somewhat different. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4
mostly distantly separated, otherwise as in Galona.

F. punctum sp. n. (70 d). Head and thorax reddish-brown, patagia lighter yellowish-brown. Abdomen punctum.
red with or without black dorsal spots, at the end black, beneath yellowish -brown. Forewing pale yellowish-
brown. Blackish-brown spots at the base of the costal margin, in the cell above vein 2, and above it at the
costal margin. An exterior band is marked in variable intensity by dark brown spots from the costal margin
to vein 5, and a distinct black dot in the submedian fold. A white notched submarginal line is inside, particularly
at the inner margin bordered by a darker brown. At the margin dark brown lunae. Hindwing whitish. At the
costal and distal margins narrow brown. In the $ the whole basal area of the forewing as far as vein 2 is
darkened and the median area thereby more prominently light. The hindwing shows a broad brown margin.

At the anal angle 2 black dots are more distinct than in the 40 — 45 mm. Lindi, East Africa. Type in the

Berlin Museum.

33. Genus: iltemmatoplialera iw.

Palpi porrect, slightly projecting beyond the head. Antennae of $ with short pectinations on 3/4 of
theh length, in the $ plain. Forewing of $ very narrow, of $ somewhat less, slightly angular at vein 4. Vein 6
forms the accessory cell with 10 -j- 7 + 8 -j- 9. Hindwing as in Galona.

S. sjoestedti Aur. (70 d). Thorax greyish-yellow, abdomen brownish. Forewing greyish-yellow, in the sjoestcdti.
basal portion darker. A distinct dark line from 3/5 of the costal margin obliquely outwards to below vein 3,
then to y3 of the inner margin, inside broadly edged with dark. Exterior line black, notched, uniformly curved,
before it below vein 3 of yellow wood-colour; behind it at the inner margin a dark spot. Sub marginal line black.

Hindwing whitish, at the anal angle a large black spot. The $ on the forewing browner, the spot at the inner
margin more intense. Hindwing pale brown. 40 — 46 mm. Usambara, Kilimanjaro.

34. Genus: Moplitls Hbn.

Proboscis stunted, palpi short. Antennae of <$ and $ strongly pectinate on 3/4 of their length. Forewing
broad. Vein 5 far before the centre, 6 on a short stalk with 7 -f- 8 -f- 9 -j- 10. Hindwing as in Galona. Type:
milhauseri Fldr. from Europe.

H. phyllocampa Trim. (70 d). Thorax and abdomen grey, at the base a black triangle. Forewing at the phyllocam-
base grey with 2 angular black lines. Behind them a dark area, the darkest at the costal margin. From 2/5 of va

the costal margin to the centre of the cell and to the apex almost white. A black submarginal line describing
a semicircle below the apex, ending in the middle of the inner margin; besides a light sub marginal line. Hindwing
of G white, only at the anal angle blackish, in the $ with a broad black margin. 55 — 58 mm. Natal.

H. dasychiroides Btlr. Forewing lilac ashy grey. Ring-macula and reniform macula marked by brownish dasychiroi-
spots. Between and behind them dark indistinct stripes. Hindwing white, semitransparent. At the costal
margin, darkened with a smoke-brown distal margin. Thorax ash-grey, abdomen brown. 50 mm. East Africa.

The following species may be only a form of it with a purer grey colour.

H. dasychirina nom. nov. (— dasychiroides Rothsch.). Forewing mouse-coloured with 3 or 4 blackish- dasychiri-
brown lines through the cell and some oblique dark grey lines on % in the anterior half. Hindwing (§) white,
somewhat hyaline, with a broad dark margin. Abdomen with the same basal spot as in phyllocampa. 58 mm.
South-West Africa .

H. excellens Strd. (= concolor Janse ) (70 e). Thorax grey, in the centre dark brown, abdomen dark excellens.
grey. Forewing in the basal area blackish with a bluish-grey spot. The same colour somewhat behind the
curved double interior line. The rest of the wing greyish -brown. A black somewhat curved line at the margin
of vein 4 to the inner margin shortly before the anal angle. Hindwing white, at the anal angle with a black
spot. In the $ on the forewing the proximal area is darker brown, the distal area greyer. 50 — 63 mm. East
Africa, Transvaal, Natal.

H. grisea sp. n. (70 e). In the colouring similar to excellens, in the marking similar to postica. Basal grisea.
area of fore wing browner than in excellens, the bordering the same. The line at the anal angle as in postica
(70 e). Between them a strongly notched black exterior line. Before it a slightly curved dark line touching the
basal area in the submedian fold, behind it towards the apex black streaks. Hindwing white, at the anal angle
black spots. 34 mm. South-West Africa. Type: 1 $ in the British Museum.

H. postica Wlcr. (70 e). Smaller, brownish or yellowish ochreous. On the forewing only the broad postica.
blackish -brown line at the anal angle is distinct, besides numerous irregular dark streaks. Hindwing brownish-
white with 2 short streaks at the anal angle. 35 — 45 mm. Natal.

422

CLEAPA; GARGETTA; PSALISODES. By M. Gaede.

rcctilinca.

curvatula.

a fra.

psoras.

concolora.

leuca.

xylochroa.

discalis.

H. rectilinea sp. n. (70 e). Thorax greyish-brown, in the middle darker. Abdomen greyish-brown.
Fore wing pale yellowish-brown. At the costal margin blackish -brown as far as the cell-end and the submedian
fold, also somewhat below vein 1. On % of the costal margin a light oblique streak, behind it less dark. Marginal
line from vein 4 to the inner margin quite straight, outside of it white. Hindwing as in excellens. 36 — 45 mm.
+ Cameroon, Sierra Leone. Type in the Berlin Museum.

H. curvatula Bothsch. (70 e). Very large. Eorewing very narrow. Thorax olive grey and brown.
Abdomen sooty brown, edged with white, anal end orange. Eorewing olive brown with moss-green spots. At
the cell-end a black x . In the distal area black bands and spots, a larger one at the anal angle. Hindwing
white with a broad dark marginal band. 92 mm. Congo.

35. Genus: Clleapa Wkr.

Palpi rather long, porrect. Antennae of <$ with short pectinations as far as the tips. Forewing short
broad. Vein 6 from the cell-angle, 7 near the upper end of the accessory vein, 10 + 8 + 9 from its apex. In the
hindwing veins 6 + 7 stalked, 8 close at the cell almost to the end. Type: latifascia Wkr. from India.

C. afra B.-Bak. Thorax chocolate brown, abdomen dark grey. Forewing dark chocolate as far as the
submarginal line, behind it paler. A double notched median line of erect scales. Submarginal line undulating
whitish, behind it at the costal margin pale brown, at the inner margin grey. Hindwing dingy grey, at the
margin darker. 36 mm. West Africa.

C. psecas Drc. Thorax blackish-brown, abdomen pale brown. Forewing dark brown, from the centre
to the inner margin suffused with grey. A dark brown spot at the cell-end and a prolonged streak at the anal
angle. Hindwing white, broadly margined with brown. 36 mm. East Africa.

VII. Scrancia- Group.

These genera mostly contain delicately built species with thin long legs. The marking of the wings is somewhat similar
to that of European Noctuids ( Agrotis , Cucullia , Leucania).

36. Genus: Cwargetta Wkr.

Palpi long, erect. Antennae of $ long-combed to the tips. Patagia in front with points. Forewing
somewhat narrow. Veins 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 stalked, 10 forming the accessory vein with 8+9. In the hindwing
6 + 7 on a short stalk, vein 8 almost touching the middle of the cell. In the at the base of the forewing
below vein 1 a hair-pencil. Type: costigera Wkr. from India.

G. concolora B.-Bak. Both wings uniformly dark brown, the forewing rather somewhat darker with
slight traces of a dark spotted median line and an angular distal line; also traces of a notched marginal line.
40 mm. Congo.

In the following two species the hair-pencil of the forewing is absent.

G. leuca Hmps. Thorax white with red-brown hairs, abdomen brownish- white. Forewing ochreous
brown and red-brown with black scales. Costal margin brown. Hindwing whitish ochreous, somewhat diaphanous.
32 mm. Gold Coast.

G. xylochroa Hmps. (70 f). Thorax ochreous brown and blackish-brown, abdomen ochreous brown.
Forewing ochreous brown with black scales in the submedian fold. Interior line dark, straight, in the cell sharply
angled. A dot in the cell-end, and the cross-vein black. Both form the flaws for one line each from the costal
margin to the inner margin. A notched double exterior line also only distinct in the + behind it a light sub-
marginal shadow. Hindwing white with a fine marginal line. 32 — 38 mm. East Africa.

G. discalis Hmps. Antennae of $ short-combed to the tips. Forewing with a long accessory cell. Thorax
red-brown, abdomen ochreous brown, at the base a dark brown tuft. Forewing ochreous brown. Median vein
as far as the base of vein 2 black and below it as far as vein 1 black. A brown shadow at the costal margin
before the centre, being continued below the cell. At the cell-end a square blackish-brown spot. Cross-vein
and the others near it whitish. Exterior line double, undulating, oblique, inside white, below vein 2 only plain.
Behind it browner. Marginal dots black. Hindwing yellowish- white, margin narrow brown. 36 mm. East
Africa. It may be the $ of xylochroa.

37. Genus: I*saliso«les Hmps.

Proboscis, absent, palpi very long, porrect. Antennae of <$ and $ strongly pectinate to the tips. Forewing
at the apex curved and pointed. Veins 2 and 3 rather close together, 6 from the accessory cell, 10 + 8+9
stalked, the stalk of 8 + 9 forming the accessory cell with 7. In the hindwing vein 8 is nearing the cell as far
as the middle. 6+7 stalked. Type: atrijasciata Hmps.

GARGETTO SCRANCIA ; PSEUDOSCRANCIA; SCRANCIA. By M. Gaede.

423

P. atrifasciata Hmps. Thorax greyish-brown, abdomen grey and red-brown. Forewing grey mixed atrifasciata.
with brown, particularly at the centre of the costal margin. A black band in the basal half of the median vein,
below edged with white. Two red-brown streaks in the last half of the cell, and a fine white line between them.

Interior line double, very much excurvecl in the cell and also in the sub median fold. Cross-vein white, inside
edged with black. End of median vein and beginnings of veins 2, 3, 4, 5 white. Exterior line white, on both
sides with black dots, at the veins 5 — 2 straight, then outwards to the anal angle. Hindwing greyish-brown.

24 — 32 mm. East Africa.

P. defasciata sp. n. (70 f). Apex of forewing not produced, in the hindwing vein 8 as far as the middle dcfasciaia.
fused with the cell. Also in cprite intact specimens the interior and median bands are absent. Hindwing whitish,
at the margin pale brown, fringes all white. Otherwise mainly marked just like atrifasciata. 35 mm. East
Africa. Type in the Berlin Museum.

38. Genus: CJargettoscrancia Strd.

Antennae of and $ strongly pectinate on % of their length. At the inner margin of the forewing some
scent-hairs. Last palpal joint longer than in Scrancia. In the forewing vein 6 rises without a stalk, all the
rest as in Scrancia.

G. albolineata Strd. (70 f). Thorax and forewing dark olive-brown. Through the centre of the wing dlbolineala.
a conspicuous white line. Distal area lighter with a dark notched line and a spot at the costal margin. Hindwing
as dark as the distal area on the forewing. 34 mm. Spanish Guinea.

39. Genus : Pseiuloscrancia Strd.

Palpi very long, porrect. Antennae of with short pectinations on 2/3 of their length, abdomen pro¬
jecting beyond the hindwing. Forewing at the base of the inner margin widened. Veins 3 and 4 from the same
place, 6 from the upper cell-angle, 7+8 + 9 from the apex of the broad accessory cell, 10 from its anterior
margin. Hindwing with an equably curved costal margin. Veins 3 and 4 from the same place, 6 + 7 on a long
stalk, 8 near the base, very near to the cell.

M. africana Holl. (70 f). Thorax and forewing dark red-brown. Interior line formed by dark dots in africana.
lighter surroundings at the costal margin. Median band lighter with black dots. Exterior line black, slightly
curved, outside light. Before it, close behind the cross-vein a white dot in a dark area. In the dark distal area
a light notched submarginal line. Hindwing dark brown, at the costal margin yellowish, with a light median
line. 30 mm. Dahomey.

40. Genus: Scrancia Holl.

Third palpal joint very short. Antennae of G with short pectinations, in the $ dentate. Frons with
a swelling. Forewing narrow, without a hair-pencil. Veins 3 and 4 distantly separated. Vein 6 mostly from
the accessory cell, 7 and 8+9 from its apex, 10 from its anterior margin. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 from
the same place, 6 + 7 on a short stalk, 8 nearing the cell as far as its centre. Type: modesta Holl.

S. africana Aur. (70 f). Dark red-brown, head and collar rusty yellow. Forewing dark red-brown with africana.

3 faded rusty brown bands. Cross- vein black, edged with light. Hindwing somewhat less dark red-brown. Beneath
with 2 faded dark bands. 34 mm. Cameroon.

S. accipiter Schs. Head and thorax dark red-brown, abdomen lighter. Forewing dark red-brown with accipitcr.

3 less faded bands and a marginal band. Cross-vein and hindwing as in africana. 1 S °f the Berlin Museum,
from South Nigeria, shows a unicoloured dark forewing and an expanse of but 40 mm, but it presumably belongs
to this species. 44 — 48 mm. Cameroon, Sierra Leone.

S. prothoracalis Strd. Tegulae almost black, thorax dark brown. Forewing violettish brownish -red. prothoraca-
An indistinct broad darker band on % of the length of the wing, before and behind it a fine line. Cross-vein ^s*

broad light (in the ground-colour), before and behind it dark brown spots, and touching the exterior spot a
dark notched line. Before the margin a lighter undulate line. 48 — 50 mm.

S. subrosea sp. n. (70 f). Head and collar dark red-brown. Thorax and forewing violettish-red. subrosea.
Interior and median lines indistinct, double, dark. On the cross-vein a narrow black streak, edged with light,
before and behind it rust-brown. Exterior line notched, behind it black-white dots on the veins. Hindwing
brown, beneath with 2 dark bands. 50 — 55 mm. Cameroon. Type in the Berlin Museum.

S. stictica Hmps. (70 g). Thorax brown and grey, abdomen greyish-brown. Forewing brown, mixed stictica.
with grey, with black basal dots, below the cell dark, with black dots at vein 1. Cross-vein black, edged with
grey, in the dark area as far as the costal margin. An oblique double exterior row of dots. At the costal margin
before the apex darker. Submarginal line pale undulating, marginal dots black. Hindwing whitish, at the
margin brown, or also entirely brown. 45 mm. Togo, Congo, Rhodesia, Natal.

424

SCRANCIA. By M. Gaede.

atrifrons.

modesta.

margari-

tacea.

viridis.

atrifasciata.

brunnes-

cen-s.

amata.

lactea.

albidorsa.

leucopera.

discomma.

idioptila.

sagittata.

S. atrifrons limps. Thorax blackish -brown, abdomen greyish brown. Forewing blackish-brown with
traces of a black undulating interior and median line. Cross- vein white, before and behind it ochreous brown.
Exterior line indistinct, double, dentate, forming black-white streaks on the veins. Marginal line fine black.
Hindwing greyish-brown. 30 mm. Transvaal.

S. modesta Holl. (70 g). Head and tegulae of dark yellow wood-colour, patagia lilac grey. Abdomen
brown. Forewing greyish- violet, at the base brownish. Interior, median, and exterior line double, undulating.
Cross-vein black, before and behind it rust-brown. In the distal area on the veins black streaks with white
dots and a light undulating line. Hindwing brown. 50 — 54 mm. Cameroon. — niargaritacea form. nov. (70 g)
shows hardly any marking. Fore wing violettish-grey with some spots at the costal margin. L. Kiwu.

S. viridis sp. n. (70 g). Fresh specimens with a greenish reflection. Similar to modesta. But the median
line on the forewing in the submedian fold strongly removed inwards, not equably curved. The area behind
it rather lighter, in modesta before it lighter. Hindwing of q lighter, in the $ as dark as in modesta-^. 45 — 50 mm.
Cameroon, Lowa Valley (Congo). Type: 3 in the British, $ in the Berlin Museum.

S. atrifasciata sp. n. (70 g). Head and tegulae whitish yellow. Thorax and forewing light red-brown.
Abdomen brown. Forewing with black marking. Interior line double, indistinct, before it in the submedian
fold a black patch. Median line double, in the submedian fold removed inwards. Between the two lines as
far as the submedian fold with some light scales. Cross-vein edged with light. Exterior line fine, double.
Before the whitish submarginal line a broad black band, in front with light spots. Marginal line black. Hindwing
brownish-yellow. 40 mm. Gold Coast. Type: 1 $ in the British Museum.

S. brunnescens sp. n. (70 g). Head and tegulae of yellow wood-colour, thorax red-brown, abdomen
red-brown, at the base yellowish. Forewing red-brown, at the base of the inner margin yellowish. Interior,
median, and exterior lines dark, rather indistinct; the 2 latter in front edged with a lighter colour. Cross-vein
broad dark, edged with light. A light submarginal line extending to vein 5 in the dark red-brown distal area.
Hindwing pale brown with a light median band, before it on the veins dark dots. 48 mm. Transvaal. Type
in the Berlin Museum.

The following species are of a stronger build. Hindwing of the $ with a sharp apex, mostly whitish.
Forewing at vein 1 with a hair-pencil.

S. amata Fawc. (70 li). Body and forewing ochreous brown. Forewing at the costal margin broad
whitish-grey. Median line strongly curved, not notched, exterior line slightly curved. Reniform macula black,
filled with white, with a broad white margin. Hindwing pale brown. 42 mm. East Africa.

S. lactea sp. n. (70 h). Head and anterior edge of tegulae dark violettish-brown. Thorax, abdomen,
and fore wing milky white. Marking violettish-brown. Interior line notched, indistinct. Behind it in the cell
a round spot. Costal margin violettish-brown. The other linear marking similar to that of amata. Distal margin
behind the sub marginal line dark. Hindwing pure white. 32 mm. Gold-Coast. Type: 1 $ in the British Museum.

S. albidorsa sp. n. (70 h). Body and forewing blackish-brown. Interior and median line black, hardly
recognisable, at the inner margin ending at a white triangle. Ring-macula black, below it a white streak, before
the macula a faded dark band. Exterior line black, double, uniformly curved, beginning from vein 3 it disappears
in a white spot. Behind it a notched white submarginal line and black marginal dots. Abdomen and hindwing
brown, traces of a light median band. 1 $ with finely pectinated antennae. 40 mm. Type in the Berlin Museum.

S. leucopera Hmps. (70 h). Thorax red-brown, abdomen paler. Patagia, metathorax, and abdominal
tuft white. Forewing pale brown, at the base white. Median line notched, brown, in the cell distally removed,
before it at the apex often white. Reniform macula large, white. Exterior line excurved on vein 4. Behind
it above vein 4 to apex white with 3 black dots at the costal margin. Hindwing of $ yellowish- white, of $ pale
brown. 35 — 46 mm. Cameroon, Niger District, Ruanda.

S. discomma Jord. (70 h) is very different. Thorax and abdomen whitish-brown. Forewing in front
white with black scales, interior half brownish. On the cross-vein an intense black spot. Hindwing at the base
whitish, otherwise pale brown. 32 mm. East Africa, Somali Land.

S. idioptila B.-Bak. Head coffee-brown, thorax and abdomen greyish -brown. Forewing greyisli-brown
with a light double interrupted basal line, extending not quite to the inner margin. In the sub median fold a
brown spot. A dark irregular median band, followed by a brown spot which encloses a black luna. Exterior
line fine, dentate, behind it broad dark. Submarginal line dentate. Before the apex 4 dark spots at the costal
margin. Hindwing (q ) brown. 40 mm. Madagascar.

S. sagittata sp. n. (70 h). Tegulae blackish-brown, rest of body yellowish -brown. Forewing whitish-
brown, by the notched lines similar to Pliyc. stigmatica (70 i). Marking blackish-brown. Subbasal dots and a
notched interior line rather indistinct. More distinct is the notched median line which ends in a large spot near
the interior line. Reniform macula grey, edged with black, and with a withe halo; from there a dark band to

Publ.

30. III. 1928.

SUBSCRANCfA; LEPTOLEPIDA; SCRANCIOLA; PYGAERINA. By M. Gaede.

425

the inner margin. Exterior line of sagittiform spots, at the margin dark dots. Hindwing yellowish-white, at
the margin darker. 34 mm. Lowa (Congo). Type: 1 3 in the British Museum.

41. Genus: Siibscraneia gen. nov.

Separated from Scrancia by the very long antennae which in the 3 are set with fine and long pectinations
to the tips, whilst in the $ they are hardly half as long. In the forewing the distance between veins 3 and 4
is larger than between 4 and 5, 6 mostly rises unstalked from the upper cell-angle.

S. nigra Aur. (70 i). Thorax black, abdomen greyish-yellow. Forewing almost black. Some fine nigra.
notched black lines are noticeable in fresh specimens. Cross-vein and marginal line black. Hindwing brown,
at the base whitish. Specimens from Angola have darker hindwings. 38 mm. Togo, Central Africa, Angola.

42. Genus: Ijeptolepida B.-Bak.

Palpi small, antennae of 3 pectinate, Forewing narrow, at the costal margin slightly curved. In the
neuration similar to Scrancia, but vein 2 in the forewing near the angle.

L. malangae B.-Bak. Thorax iron-grey, abdomen yellowish-grey. Forewing iron-grey with a curved malangae.
row of dark basal dots and an undulating exterior row which is white angled. Behind it the veins are fine black.

Costal margin somewhat darker. Before the distal margin a notched light line, brown marginal dots. Hindwing
pale grey. 29 mm. Malange, West Africa.

The two following genera are somewhat more strongly built.

43. Genus: §cranciolii gen. nov.

Palpi thick, porrect, projecting beyond the frons. Proboscis absent. Antennae of 3 finely dentate.

Forewing short, triangular, distal margin from the apex to vein 4 slightly concave. Veins 3 and 4 from the
same place, 6 from the upper angle, 10 + 7 4-8 + 9 stalked, 10 and 7 branch off almost at the same place (as
in Turnaca). Hindwing with an almost straight costal margin. Veins 3 and 4 together from the same place,

6 + 7 on a long stalk, 8 nearing the cell in the middle.

S. quadripunctata sp. nov. (70 i). Thorax and abdomen dark red-brown. Forewing somewhat- less dark, quadripunc
Subbasal and interior lines reddish-yellow, edged with dark, below the costal margin inwardly angular, otherwise taia

straight and parallel to the inner margin. Base reddish-yellow and the area behind the interior line as far as
the exterior line and vein 2. Exterior line double, widely excurved around the cell, then obliquely to the inner
margin. Behind it below vein 4 very dark. A series of black submarginal lunae, behind the cell somewhat
inwardly curved. At the angles of the cross-vein and behind it 4 black dots. Hindwing reddish-brown, a dark
discal Inna shows through from beneath. Beneath the hindwing and the basal area of the fore wing are yellow,
the rest reddish-brown. 36 mm. Lowa (Congo). Type: 1 3 in the British Museum.

44. Genus: I®4Vg’aerina gen. nov.

Palpi long, upturned, proboscis stunted. Antennae of 3 finely ciliated. Forewing broad, veins 3 and 4
separated, 6 from the upper angle, 7 + 10 + 8 + 9 stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 + 4 on a short stalk,

6 + 7 on a somewhat longer one, 5 feebler, 8 as far as the centre of the cell nearing the latter.

P. lugubris sp. n. Thorax and forewing dark red-brown. Interior line black, excurved from y3 of the lugubris.
costal margin in the cell, then straight to l/3 of the inner margin. Exterior line from 3/5 of the costal margin,
behind the cell excurved to % of the inner margin, above it somewhat incurved. On the cross-vein 2 fine white
dots and a few before the distal margin. Abdomen and hindwing dark brown. In a subordinate form the discal
area is somewhat lighter and bends inside at vein 1 upwards to the base : — fasciata form. nov. (70 i). 26 — 28 mm. fasciaia.
Cameroon, Lowa (Congo). Type: 3 in the Berlin Museum.

P. angulata sp. n. (70 i). Thorax and forewing bronze-brown similar to lugubris- fasciata. The angle angula/a.
of the interior line is more acute, nearer to the costal margin. The exterior line runs straighter to the inner
margin, both being somewhat nearer together. The interior line is somewhat white-edged, especially at vein 1.

The median band is somewhat violettish-brown. Before the distal margin white dots. Abdomen and hindwing
reddish-brown. 28 — 30 mm. Lowa (Congo). Type: 3 br the British Museum.

XIV

54

426 PHYCITIMORPHA; DINOTODONTA; LAMORIODES; LAMORINA. By M. Gaede.

In the following genera the abdomen is slim, the legs are long and thin.

45. Genus: i'liycif ini o rp li a Janse.

Proboscis present ; palpi long, erect. Antennae of with short pectinations as far as the tips, in the 2
only almost to the tips. Frons with a swelling. Forewing narrow, in the $ somewhat broader. Veins 3 and 4
distantly separated, 6 from the side of the accessory cell, 7+8 + 9 from its apex. In the hind wing vein 8
nearing the cell before its centre, otherwise as in Scrancici. Type: stigmahca Janse.

sligmatica. P. stigmatica Janse (70 i). Thorax and forewing blackish-brown, abdomen greyish-brown. On the

fore wing the interior, median, and exterior lines are black, notched, edged with white. On the cross-vein a
black streak. Submarginal line dark, faded, before it lighter. Hindwing of white with a dark marginal line,
in the $ dusted with brown. 32 to 35 mm. Natal, Rhodesia.

congruata. P. congruata Janse (70 i). Antennae of $ with very short pectinations, vein 7 from the end of the

accessory cell, for which reason it may be better ranged near Scrancia albidorsa. Colouring similar to stigmatica .
On the forewing the interior and median lines are fine, notched. On the cross-vein a large black ring, inside
and outside edged with white. Exterior line double, black. Before the distal margin a faded light band. Hindwing
whitish, at the margin brownish, with traces of a dark band. 40 mm. Rhodesia.

albiplaga. P. altnplaga sp. n. (70 i). Forewing narrow. Veins 3 and 4 near together. Head and tegulae yellow,

the latter with a dark central dot. Thorax blackish-brown, patagia somewhat edged with yellow. Abdomen
ochreous. Forewing blackish-brown, inner margin at the base white, above it a black spot. Interior line black,
below the cell projecting distally. Median line only marked by a strong black streak in the cell. On the cross¬
vein a white circle. Of the exterior line two black postcellular dots are distinct and a row of feeble double dots
to the inner margin. The posterior half of the wing in the middle and at the anal angle white. Hindwing yellowish -
white, at the apex somewhat brownish. 40 mm. <+ Cameroon. Type in the Berlin Museum.

hollandi. P. hollandi B.-Bak. Head white, thorax dark reddish, abdomen straw-coloured. Forewing whitish,

base and anterior half dark pinkish brown, at vein 5 to the distal margin. At the inner margin similarly coloured.
Hindwing lustrous white. 34 mm. Angola.

46. Genus: l>iuoto<loiita Holl.

Palpi short, erect. Antennae of plain, long. Forewing narrow with 2 projections at the inner margin,
hindwing pointedly triangular. Veins of forewing: 3 and 4 together from the same place, 6 from the accessory
cell. 7 + 8+9 from its apex. In the hindwing vein 8 nearing the cell beyond its centre.

tonga. D. longa IIoll. (71 a). Thorax dark red-brown. Abdomen dark brown. Forewing dark red-brown.

Interior, median, and exterior blackish-brown lines traceable, all of them distally angled below the costal
margin. On the cross-vein a black ring. Apical area somewhat lighter. Hindwing dark brown. 35 — 38 mm.
Cameroon, Ogowre.

47. Genus: I^aiuorlodcs Hmps.

Proboscis present, frons with cone, palpi erect, antennae of $ ciliated, long. Body and legs long and
thin. Forewing narrow. Veins 3 and 4 from the lower cell-angle, 6 from the upper angle. Veins 9 and 8 forming
the accessory cell, 10 from its anterior edge, slightly touching vein 11. In the hindwing veins 3+4 and 6+7
stalked. Type: metaleuca Hmps.

metateuca. L. metaleuca Hmps. Thorax blackish -brown, abdomen greyish- white. Forewing greyish-brown, at

the base blackish -brown, veins and discal fold with black streaks. Traces of a curved oblique interior line. A
black discoidal dot. Exterior line indistinct, outside grey, below vein 4 very much inward, nearing the interior
line. Marginal line fine black. Hindwing creamy white with a black marginal line. 22 mm. Sierra Leone.

mdaphaea. L. metaphaea Hmps. More blackish -brown. On the forewing the interior line incurved below- the

submedian fold and like the very oblique exterior line indistinct with white dots at the veins. Hindwing
blackish -brown. 26 mm. Gold Coast. It may be that Leucania augustipennis Saalm. also belongs to this genus.

48. Genus: L<amoi*iiia gen. nov.

Palpi porrect, projecting beyond the frons. Proboscis strong. Frons with projection. Antennae of $
filiform. Forewing triangular, costal margin straight. Veins 3 and 4 distantly separated, 6 below- the angle,
7 from the accessory cell, 8 + 9 and 10 from its apex, 11 touching the anterior edge of the accessory cell. In
the hindwing 3 and 4 as well as 6 and 7 are somewhat separated, 8 nearing the cell as far as the middle, 5 feebly
from the middle.

METOPOLOPHOTA; LEPTONADATA; TURNACOIDES; TURNACA. By M. Gaede.

427

L. nitens sp. n. (71 a). Thorax and forewing brownish-black. Abdomen greyish-brown. Forewing nitens.
lustrous, with black lines. The interior line from y3 of the costal margin to the middle of the inner margin,

on the median vein slightly introangular. The exterior line from 4/5 of the costal margin, almost united with
the interior line at the inner margin. On the cross-vein a dark shadow. Hindwing of a bright white, at the
distal margin brownish. 36 mm. East Africa. Type : 1 $ m the British Museum. According to the description
Lamor lodes metaleuca is very similar, but the veins and the shape of the wings are different.

49. Genus: Metopolophota B.-Bak.

Palpi thick, somewhat upturned. Antennae of $ bipectinate as far as the tips. Thorax probably tufted.

Costal margin of forewing straight, only at the base and apex curved, distal margin slightly excavated, narrow.

Hindwing triangular with a curved costal margin. In the forewing veins 3 and 4 separated, 6 7 8 — 9 -f- 10

stalked. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 on a short stalk.

M. epinephela B-.BaJc. Thorax whitish-grey. Forewing creamy grey with a broad dark brown costal- epinephcla.
marginal patch into the centre of the cell. Inner margin set with brown scales. A broad dark streak below the

cell between veins 2 and 4. Margin broad brown except at the base. A costal-marginal spot is indicated behind
the cell. Hindwing dingy brown. 34 mm. Congo.

50. Genus: I^eptoiiariata Aur.

Palpi rather short, antennae of $ and $ pectinate almost to the tips, thorax with a hairy edge. Forewing
at the margin somewhat notched. Vein 6 from the upper angle, 7 + 10 + 8 + 9 stalked. In the hindwing
veins 3 and 4 distantly separated, 6+7 stalked.

L. sjoestedti Aur. (71 a). Reddish-brown. Forewing with 3 blackish-brown radial bands: one at the sjoestedti.
costal margin excepting the base, one through the centre of the wing, one at the inner margin. Hindwing
greyish-brown. 52 — 60 mm. Cameroon.

51. Genus: Tsii*naeoi«les gen. nov.

Palpi thick, slightly projecting beyond the frons, proboscis present. Antennae of strongly pectinate
not quite to the tips. Forewing narrow, costal margin at the base slightly curved, somewhat more before the
apex. Veins 3 and 4 separated, 6 from the short broad accessory cell, 7 + 8+9 from its apex, 10 from its anterior
edge. Hindwing triangular, costal margin in the middle somewhat convex. Veins 3 and 4 together from the same
place, 6+7 stalked, 8 as far as the middle of the cell next to the cell.

T. basipuncta sp. n. (71 a). Thorax grey, upper edge of the patagia and abdomen above brownish, basipuncta.
Forewing grey and brown, striped like a Cucullia. Veins in the distal area somewhat black, especially vein 4.

In the submedian fold near the base a black dot surrounded by brown. Hindwing white, at the costal margin
and narrowly at the distal margin brownish. 54 mm. Rhodesia. Type: 1 in the British Museum.

52. Genus: Turnaca Wkr.

Palpi long, erect, antennae of strongly pectinate, at the tips dentate. Forewing rather narrow, apex
of d1 somewhat pointed, inner margin near the base excurved. Vein 6 from the upper cell-angle, 7 + 8 + 9 + 10
stalked. In the hindwing 6+7 stalked, 8 connected with the cell by a bar. Abdomen long. Type: acuta Wkr.
from India.

T. lanuginosa Rothsch. (71 a). Thorax reddish-grey, abdomen pinkish-brown. Forewing pale pinkish- lanuginosa.
brown. Exterior line of indistinct dark spots. Cross- vein and submarginal row of dots light. Hindwing red-
brown. 48 — 50 mm. Congo, Niger.

T. grisea Holl. (71 a). Thorax and abdomen grey. Forewing grey, finely dusted with dark. Before grisca.
the distal margin a series of white dots, inside edged with black. Hindwing somewhat whitish-grey. 35 — 50 mm.

West Africa, Gold Coast.

T. rufisquamata Hmps. Body ochreous white mixed with red-brown. Forewing the same. Veins 6 and rn/isqua-
4 with fine dark lines to the exterior row of fine dark streaks on the veins. Hindwing yellowish- white. 38 mm. mata.
Gold Coast.

T. phragmatoecioides Rothsch. (71 b). Thorax reddish-brown and white. Abdomen greyish reddish- phragma-
brown. Forewing reddish-grey, below the median vein darker grey, 3 oblique brown bands from the costal toecioidcs.
margin, and nebulous spots on the centre. Middle third at the inner margin dark. Exterior line of black streaks
between the veins. Hindwing white, base and inner margin brownish. 48 mm. Congo.

T. nigripuncta Rothsch. (71 b). Body Isabel-coloured grey. Forewing the same, densely dusted with nigripunc-
dark. At the costal margin paired dark dots. A black radial line to the centre of the distal margin, 2 curved
exterior rows of black dots. Hindwing white. 38 — 48 mm. Gold Coast, Lowa (Congo).

428

NORRACA; MACROSENTA; EURYSTAURA. By M. Gaede.

ignobilis. T. igsiobilis Roll. Thorax grey, abdomen whitish. Forewing whitish with an indistinct notched basal

and median line. Before the distal margin fine black dots. 38 mm. West Africa.

tephraea. T. tephraea B.-Balx. Thorax ashy grey, abdomen darker. Forewing ashy grey. Interior line undulating,

dark, median line somewhat notched, exterior line undulating, spotted, dark. Close behind it a row of dark
dots and a pale line before the margin. On the cross-vein an ash-grey lunar spot, edged with light. Hindwing
greyish -white, costal margin grey. 44 mm. North Nigeria.

53. Genus: Jforraca Mr.

Palpi erect. Antennae of $ dentate. Abdomen long. Forewing long and narrow, at the base of the
inner margin excurve d. Veins 3 and 4 distantly separated, 6 from the upper cell-angle, 7 forming a small
accessory cell with the stalk of 8 + 9 + 10. In the hindwing 6 -f 7 on a long stalk, 8 close to the cell almost
to the end. Type: longipennis Moore from India.

signifera. N. sigilifera Holl. Thorax in front dark brown, behind and abdomen pinkish-brown. Fore wing the

same, at the costal margin darker. On the centre and at the end of the cell 2 square indistinct brown spots,
below the first one more. Before the margin fine lines between the veins. Hindwing pinkish -white. 38 mm.
West Africa.

brcvipennis. N. terevipennis Roll. Wings short and broach Thorax dark brown. Abdomen lighter brown. Forewing

dark brown, the base and a broad triangular spot at the anal angle pale yellow, in the basal area a dark 8-
shaped marking. In the centre of the cell and at the end 2 dark square spots separated by a light one. Before
the distal margin dark streaks. Hindwing pale brown. 28 mm. Benito District.

lineaia. N. liileata Roll. Thorax in front dark brown, behind and abdomen paler. Forewing pale brown, at the

inner margin near the anal angle blackish-brown. An indistinct dark circle in the cell and one below it. On
the centre of the inner margin a A-shaped marking. Near the distal margin 2 straight parallel lines, the interior
line being stronger. Hindwing greyish-brown. West Africa.

As arctipennis likewise described here by Holland belongs to Peratodonta, the same may be possible
also in the other Vomica-species, though they may also belong to other genera.

54. Genus: Macroseiita Holl.

Palpi very long. Antennae of S dentate, abdomen long and thin. Forewing narrow, apex pointed.
Veins 3 and 4 together from one place, 6 from the centre of the accessory cell, 7 and 8 + 9 from the upper angle,
10 from the anterior edge of the accessory cell. In the hindwing vein 8 on % of its length close at the cell,
6 + 7 on a long stalk. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Type: longicauda Holl.

longicauda. M. longicauda Roll. (71 b). Body and forewing greyish-brown. Tegulae and base of patagia dark red-

brown. Forewing at the cell-end with a large, almost black wedge-shaped spot, before which there is another
fine dot. Below it a radial shadow from the base to the apex, of a variable distinctness. Fine black marginal
dots. Hindwing at the costal margin whitish, otherwise like the forewing. 36 mm. Cameroon.

caudatis- M. caudatisshna Strd. (71 b). Abdomen and forewing browner than in longicauda. Forewing with a

sima. piacp (l0t in the centre of the cell, an indistinct exterior and more distinct subterminal row of black dots and
indistinct transverse lines on the centre of the wing. Abdomen and hindwing blackish-brown. The presumable $
of it exhibits on the forewing a dark red-brown, in front distinct radial band through the cell to the apex. Its
interior border in the sub median fold faded. A A from Usambara shows also on the cross-vein two more black
spots. 38 to 40 mm. Spanish Guinea.

The following, Noctu id - like genera are mostly rather strongly built, and in
the hindwing vein 8 is for some distance fused with the cell. Vein 5 is partly feebly
present partly absent.

55. Genus: Eurystaura Janse.

Proboscis absent, palpi short. Antennae of $ pectinate as far as 4/5, in the $ with shorter pectinations
Forewing moderately broad, costal margin slightly concave. Veins 7 + 8 -j- 9 + 10 stalked, also 6 slightly
stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 separate, 5 feeble from the centre, 6 + 7 stalked, 8 from the centre of
the cell. Type: brunnea Janse.

hrunnea. E. brunnea Janse (71 b). Thorax, abdomen and forewing light reddish-brown, dusted with a darker

colour. Traces of a dark subbasal line. Interior line undulating, light, on both sides bordered with dark red-
brown. Cross-vein white, surrounded by dark red-brown. Exterior line double, filled with a lighter colour,
the exterior branch only distinct at the veins. Sub marginal line dark, notched. Hindwing cinnamon-brown
with a faded light median line. 30 — 34 mm. Natal.

PARASTAURA; ZERAFIA. By M. Gaede.

429

E. erecta sp. n. (71 b). Body red-brown. Forewing somewhat lighter red-brown. Interior line double, ereda.
straight. Outside of it somewhat darker from the costal margin across the base of vein 2 and at the median
vein as far as the exterior line. The latter is angular behind the cell and between veins 4 and 6 outside edged
with light, obliquely inwards. Cross-vein white, edged with red-brown. Oblong brown submarginal spots as
far as beyond vein 4 inwards, then a few more small ones. Hindwing pale reddish-brown. Fringes of both wings
speckled. 38 mm. Lowa (Congo). Type: 1 in the British Museum.

E. triangularis sp. n. (71 c). Thorax and abdomen red-brown, patagia lighter. Forewing reddish-brown, triangu-
at the base black dots. Before the middle of the costal margin a triangular dark brown spot from the edges
of which dark double lines extend to the inner margin. A faded exterior line behind the cell angular and in
the submedian fold incurved, behind it a parallel light line with black dots on the veins. The light notched
submarginal line terminates at the anal angle, before it at the costal margin a dark spot and a distinct blackish
one between veins 3 and 4. Fringe speckled dark and light brown. Hindwing pale red-brown, traces of a median
band. — medialis form. nov. (71c) has a more faded marking, but the spot below vein 4 is prolonged into a medialis.
long radial band as far as below the apex of the triangular costal-marginal spot. The base of the inner margin
is also somewhat darker. 28 — 32 mm. Gold-Coast, Cameroon, East Africa. Types in the Berlin Museum.

E. flava sp. n. (71 c). Head and tegulae yellowish -brown, thorax and abdomen dark brown. Forewing flava.
yellow with a dark red-brown marking. Subbasal line in the submedian fold angular. Interior line double, as
far as into the sub median fold almost straight, on vein 1 angular. Before it dark brown as far as below the cell.

Cross-vein dark with a shadow to the costal margin, and from there to the submarginal line and vein 4 dark.

Exterior line double, pale brown, the branches distantly separated, between them black dots. Submarginal
line notched, outside light. Marginal dots brown. Hindwing reddish-brown. 27 mm. Ituri (Congo). Type: 1 <§
in the British Museum. The species is not quite typical, since vein 6 of the fore wing has a somewhat longer stalk.

E. olivacea sp. n. (71 n). Head yellow, tegulae dark red-brown, thorax and abdomen reddish-brown, olivacea.
Forewing olive brown with a dark brown marking. Interior line notched, rather indistinct. Median line double,
curved from the costal margin to the submedian fold, at vein 1 sharply introangular. The space before it as
far as the interior line darker, behind it at veins 1 and 3 one almost white circle each in the <+ being feebler in
the <j>. Cross-vein dark. Exterior line double, rather straight as far as vein 5, then excurved, in the submedian
fold sharply angular, before it an indistinct, less cuived dark line. In the distal area in front black streaks on
the veins; above veins 3 and 4 black lunae, edged with white. Hindwing reddish-brown. Description from
the $, the G the same though darker, more indistinctly marked. 27 — 35 mm. Cameroon, Ruwenzori, Lindi.

Type: S in the British Museum, $ in the Berlin Museum.

E. obscura sp. n. (71 c). Body and forewing dark violettish brown, without markings. Hindwing obscura.
dark reddish-brown. 28 mm. Liberia. Type : $ in the British Museum. It may be an extreme dark triangularis.

E. simplex sp. n. (71c). By the indistinctness of the marking similar to St. comma (71 d). Body and simplex.
forewing dark red-brown. Traces of a notched interior, double exterior, and a submarginal line. The most
distinct is a very dark triangular spot at the costal margin before the interior line. Hindwing somewhat less
dark than the forewing. 26 — 28 mm. Cameroon. Type: $ in the Berlin Museum.

56. Genus ; Pimisiaui'a gen. nov.

Palpi short, thick. Proboscis absent. Antennae of <$ pectinate to the tips. Patagia in front ending
pointedly. Abdomen at the base with a tuft. Wings somewhat shorter than in Eurystaura. In the forewing
veins 3 and 4 somewhat separated, 6 from the upper cell-angle, 10 + 7 -f- 8 -J— 9 stalked. In the hindwing veins
3 and 4 together from the same place, 6 + 7 on a shorter stalk than in Eurystaura, 8 from the centre of the cell.

P. divisa sp. n. (71 c). Head and tegulae red-brown, patagia greyish-yellow, abdomen brown. Forewing divisa.
in the basal area greyish-yellow with brownish streaks. Interior line double, undulating, curved. Distal area
dark violettish-grey. A dark median line is straight, angular behind the cell. Exterior line brown, notched
forming streaks on the veins, before it lighter. Hindwing white, at the costal margin slightly brown. 34 mm.

Rhodesia. In a subordinate form the patagia, the basal area of the forewing, and the hindwing are reddish-
brown. Type: <$ in the British Museum.

57. Genus: Xeralia Strd.

Palpi short, antennae of $ finely double dentate. Forewing elongate, slightly curved at the apex. Veins
6 + 7 + 10 + 8 + 9 stalked. Hindwing triangular, veins 6 + 7 on a short stalk, 8 fused with the cell as
far as the middle.

Z. drymonides Strd. Thorax almost black, abdomen greyish-brown. Forewing almost black with a drymonides.
black streak on the cross-vein. At the end of the costal margin some light dots and some black indistinct streaks
indicating bands. Hindwing white, costal and distal margins grey. 38 mm. Sudan. Type in a private collection.

430 EURY STAUROPSIS ; STEN 0 STAURIDI A ; TAENIOPTERYX; STENOSTAURA. By M. Gaede.

aTbidilinea.

comma.

cinerea.

mus.

impedita

polioplaga.

rcclangula-

ta.

58. Genus: Eurystanropsis gen.nov.

Palpi short, antennae of <$ pectinate almost to the tips. Porewing short. Veins 3 and 4 separated.
5 from the centre, 6 from the cell-angle, 10-1-7 + 8+ 9 stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 nearer together
than in Eurystaura, 6 + 7 on a long stalk, 8 as far as the middle of the cell fused with the cell. Shape of
hindwing rounder than in Eurystaura.

E. albidilinea sp. n. (71 d). Body dark red-brown. Forewing violettish red-brown. A light subbasal
line feebly visible. Interior line whitish, notched, below the cell slightly concave, with dark dots on the veins.
To this place the basal area is as dark as the body. Cross-vein with a fine white streak. Behind it at equal
distances an S-shaped curved dark line, a notched whitish line, and a whitish straight line feebly curved to the
anal angle. Hindwing cinnamon-brown. Beneath across both wings a dark median band. 28 mm. Southern
Nigeria. Type: 1 $ in the Berlin Museum.

59. Genus: ^tenostaurldisi Strd.

Proboscis absent, palpi short. Antennae of $ almost to the ends with long pectinations. Abdomen with
a tuft at the base. In the fore wing veins 6 + 10 + 7+ 8+ 9 stalked, 6 on a very short stalk. In the hindwing
veins 3+4 and 6 + 7 stalked, 5 feebly present, 8 fused with the cell almost to its centre.

S. comma Strd. (71 d). Body and forewing dark violettish brown. Forewing with a few indistinct
dots, only a black streak on the cross-vein being indistinct. At + of the inner margin a dark brown patch.
Hindwing dark brown, at the base of the costal margin lighter. 31 mm. Cameroon.

60. Geuus: Ta«ii*iop(ei\vx Janse.

Proboscis present, palpi erect, longer than in Stenostaura. Antennae of $ and $ pectinate on % of their
length. In the forewing veins 6 + 10 + 7+ 8+ 9 stalked, 3 and 4 separated. In the hindwing veins 3+4
and 6+7 stalked, 5 absent, 8 fused with the cell as far as its centre.

T. cinerea Janse (71 d). Head and tegulae yellow. Thorax greyish -brown, abdomen browner. Forewing
at the base and behind the middle densely dusted with blackish, the rest greyish -brown. Subbasal and interior
lines double; indistinct, like the median line. Cross-vein with yellowish scales. Exterior line double, indistinct.
Hindwing white, all round the margin brown. 25 — 29 mm. Natal, Rhodesia.

T. mus sp. n. (71 d). Head and tegula as grey as thorax, abdomen brownish. Forewing dark grey,
dusted with blackish, with indistinct black lines. Hindwing as in cinerea. Easily separable by the size. 34 mm.
South-West Africa. Type: $ in the Berlin Museum.

61. Genus: stenostaura limps.

Proboscis absent, palpi short, antennae of d with short pectinations, at the tips dentate. Hind tibiae
with but 1 pair of spurs. Forewing at the apex rounded. Veins 3 and 4 together from the same place, all the
rest as in Taeniopteryx. Type : impedita 117, t.

S. impedita Wkr. (71 d). Thorax blackish-brown, abdomen brownish. Forewing dark grey, median
area brownish, below the cell strangulated, defined by 2 somewhat notched dark lines each. In the distal area
a dark undulating line, behind it as far as the margin darker. Hindwing in the $ white, in the $ greyish-brown.
In a ^ from Cameroon the lines on the forewing are only single. The colour of the median band is more red-
brown, confined to the anterior half, but it extends almost to the submarginal line. Hindwing browner. 25 to
28 mm. Cameroon, East and South Africa. In the following two species the exterior and neuration is more
like that of Eurystaura , but as the hind tibiae have but 1 pair of spurs, they were ranged here.

S. polioplaga limps. (71 d). Antennae of G strongly pectinate, in the $ somewhat less. Thorax reddish-
brown, abdomen ochreous-brown. Forewing reddish-brown, basal and interior areas more ochreous-brown.
Subbasal and interior lines composed of a few black dots. A large round greyish-white spot at the cell-end.
Exterior line more distinct, more notched, somewhat double. Behind it black streaks on the veins. A whitish
notched line at the anal angle. Hindwing ochreous-brown. Specimens occur without the large spot on the
forewing. 28 — 30 mm. Togo, South Nigeria, Cameroon, Usambara.

S. rectangulata sp. n. (71 d). On the forewing the inner margin is strongly excurved near the base.
From the vertical interior line a branch extends in the submedian fold inwards, forming a thick dark angle.
The large median spot is suffused with brownish. Distal area as in polioplaga. Hindwing somewhat darker
brown. 30 mm. Ruanda. Type: 1 <$ in the British Museum.

BREYERIA; CRAMBOMETRA; CAMPYLOCTIS; DIASTEMINA. By M. Gaede. 431

62. Genus: BSroyei'ia Janse.

Palpi short, proboscis absent. Antennae with long pectinations as far as the tips. On the thorax and
at the base of the abdomen a hair-tuft. Costal margin of fore wing almost straight. Veins 3 and 4 distantly
separated, 6 -)- 7 + 8 + 9 stalked, 10 forming the accessory cell with the stalk of 7 -f- 8 -f- 9. Hindwing
somewhat triangular, vein 5 feebler, 6 + 7 on a long stalk, 8 close to the cell as far as its end. Accordingly,
the genus fits theoretically less to the preceding ones, but the external resemblance is great.

B. dasychiroides Janse (71 d). Thorax and forewing dark greyish-brown with black lines, reniform dasychiroi-
macula indicated white, fringes speckled. Abdomen light greyish-brown, hindwing white. 29 mm. Transvaal.

The two following genera almost look like Geo m e t r i d a e. They have large,
strongly pectinated antennae, and a slim body. In the hind wing veins 6 and 7 rise
separately.

63. Genus : Crambometra Prout.

Proboscis well developed, palpi long, erect. The long antennae strongly pectinated. Forewing narrow,
vein 6 below the upper cell-angle, 7+8+9 stalked, 10 forming the accessory cell by a bar with the stalk of
8 + 9. Hindwing large. Vein 5 feebler, 8 close to the cell as far as its centre.

C. derelicta Prout (71 e). Body and forewing pale ochreous, finely dusted with blackish -brown. A derelictci.
short blackish-brown radial streak below the cell, and an exterior line which is strongly notched in the cell.
Hindwing yellowish- white. 36 mm. Natal.

64. Genus: Campyloetis Janse.

Palpi porrect, proboscis well developed, antennae large and broad. Forewing broader than in Crambo-
metra. Vein 6 below the upper cell-angle, 7 + 8 and 9 + 10 on long stalks. Hindwing as in Crambometra.

€. gladstonei Janse (71 e). Thorax and forewing ochreous. Interior and exterior lines blackish-brown, giadstonei.
strongly undulated, indistinct. Submarginal line notched, more distinct. In the centre of the cell and in the
submedian fold a dark radial shadow. Abdomen and hindwing yellowish-white. 40 mm. Transvaal.

VIII. Antheua- Group.

Strongly built forms, mostly of yellow ground-colour. The neuration is often rather variable within a species, so that
the generic differences are not easiliy stated- Consequently species evidently belonging together are placed to different genera
by various authors.

65. Genus: IMastemilia nom. nov. (Diastema Aur.)

Proboscis present, palpi short, erect. Antennae of <$ strongly pectinated, in the $ shorter, at the tips
dentate. In the fore wing veins 3 and 4 separated, 6 from the centre of the accessory cell, 7 and 8 + 9 from its
apex, 10 from its anterior edge. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 separated, 6+7 stalked, 8 close to the cell.

Type : simplex W kr.

D. spurcata Wkr. (71 e). Head and thorax orange-brown, patagia and metathorax pale yellow. Forewing spur cat a.
pale yellow. On the median vein and below vein 4 a strong olive brown radial band almost to the distal margin.

Hindwing white. Abdomen above black or olive brown, at the end pale yellow. 45 — 50 mm. Togo, Congo,

Central Africa.

D. simplex Wlcr. (71 e) is a very vaviable species. The nomenclatural form simplex (= straminea H.- simplex.
Schajj.) has an orange thorax, pale yellow forewings with brownish patches between the veins. Hindwing
white. — cinerea Wkr. is a somewhat darker form with an olive brown abdomen. — sericea Fldr. has on orange- cinerea.
brown thorax and black abdomen. Forewing dark olive-brown, only at the costal margin and in the submarginal sericea.
fold pale yellow, as well as single veins more or less light. Particularly dark specimens are: olivaceomicans olivaceo-
Strd. (71 e). 50 — 55 mm. Everywhere in West, East, and South Africa. micam

D. ornata sp. n. (71 e). Head, thorax and forewing orange, abdomen above and laterally black with ornata.
brown lateral dots, beneath yellowish-white. Forewing with distinct black bands in the cell, the submedian
fold, and below it, as well as between veins 2 and 7, except above vein 4. Hindwing white, in the $ slightly
yellowish. 48 mm. Abyssinia. Type in the Berlin Museum. It may be an extreme form of the following species.

D. trivitta Pimps. Thorax and forewing pale ochreous. Short black streaks from the base at the median trivitta.
vein, above the inner margin and above vein 3. Hindwing (d) white, at the anal margin somewhat yellow.

50 mm. Abyssinia.

D. radiata Aur. Forewing whitish. All the veins dusted with greyish-black, particularly above the radiata.
base of veins 2 and 3. Hindwing straw-coloured at the base and anal margin. Both wings with a black marginal
line. 45 mm. Transvaal.

nigrocincta.

pulverea.

nitens.

croceipune *
fa.

basipuncta.

albida.

rhodeose-

mena.

tricolor.

covsangui-

nea.

dimorpha.

brunnea.

mixta.

ruficosta.

cxtenuata.

encausta.

aurifodinae.

432 PAR ADIASTEMA ; ANTHEUA. By M. Gaede.

66. Genus: l*aracliastema Aur.

Antennae of and $ as far as the middle strongly foliate, then less. All the rest as in the preceding genus.
Type : nigrocincta Aur.

P. nigrocincta Aur. (71 f). Body dark orange, abdomen with black margins. Forewing greyish-brown,
at the apex darker. Hindwing whitish, at the margin brownish. 46 — 50 mm. Congo.

P. pulverea Hmps. (71 f). Thorax creamy white, abdomen dark orange, in the $ at the end grey.
Porewing white, densely dusted with red-brown. Hindwing yellowish-white or white. 38 — 50 mm. Gold
Coast, Togo, Niger, Cape Colony.

P. nitens B.-Balc. Thorax greyish-brown. Abdomen ochreous brown, at the end golden brown. Forewing
golden grey, thinly scaled. Hindwing greyish-white, at the margin yellowish. 68 mm (?). Lokoja-District.

67. Genus: Antlieua Wlk.

Palpi and proboscis as in Diastemina. Antennae pectinated a little more to the tips. Forewing shorter.
Veins 6+7 stalked, 7 by a bar with the stalk of 10 + 8 + 9 forming an accessory cell. All the rest as in
Diastemina. Type : tricolor Wkr.

A. Antennae also in the $ strongly pectinated.

A. croceipuneta Hmps. Thorax bright yellow, chest hemochrome, abdomen orange with black segmental
margins, forewing bright yellow with orange-red dots, interior row mostly composed of 4, exterior row of 7
dots. Hindwing pale orange-yellow, fringe white, in the $ also the fringe yellow. — basipuncta Hmps. (71 f.)
<3 with a white spot on the frons. Hindwing white, at the anal margin yellowish, the $ hindwing brownish. —
albida Hmps. Forewing paler, yellowish- white. Hindwing of $ white, at the anal margin brownish, in the 2
pale yellow. — rhodeosemena B.-Bak. (71 f) shows a pink head and a pink stripe on the thorax. 45 — 55 mm.
East Africa, Uganda, Mashona Land, Transvaal.

B . Antennae of $ plain.

A. tricolor Dist. ( = varia Wkr.) (71 f). Thorax and forewing lemon-coloured, abdomen orange-yellow.
Forewing below the cross-vein dusted with black, behind the cell and towards the apex also often so. Hindwing
blackish -brown. 45 mm. East Africa, Transvaal, Natal.

A. consanguinea Dist. (71 f). Ground-colour similar to tricolor. On the forewing at the base, as well as
below the cell between veins 2 and 4 red-brown. Hindwing at the base paler. 45 mm. Transvaal. Only 1 $
known, perhaps an abnormal specimen.

A. dimorpha Janse (71 f). Thorax yellow, abdomen orange brown. Forewing sulphur-coloured, <$ with
black scales in the cell and below it, in the $ the median area is more densely dusted with black. Hindwing
white, in the 2 in the centre brownish. — In brunnea Janse (71 g) the thorax and forewing is dark brown instead
of yellow. 44 mm. Natal.

A. mixta Janse (71 g). Thorax and forewing pale yellow in radial stripes at the costal margin, through
the centre and in the submedian fold, otherwise strewn with dark grey. Hindwing yellowish- white, at the inner
margin more yellow. 48 — 52 mm. Natal, Basuto Land.

The following species have partly been described as Antheua or placed to it later on, but they differ already by their
small size from the genuine Antheua- species. The apex of the forewing is more pointed, similar to Rigema, besides the thorax
is in front remarkably loosely haired. All the species have an orange-yellow thorax and forewing, an orange-brown abdomen
and white hindwing.

A. ruficosta Hmps. (71 g). Exterior half at the costal margin of the forewing red-brown with a triangular
blackish-brown spot below it from the cell-end to the distal margin, at the beginning and end somewhat
indented. A dark brown band at the median vein and below vein 4. Also at the inner margin a faded band.
32 mm. Gold Coast.

A. extenuata Wkr. (71 g) is a species difficult to range. Head and mesothorax yellow, patagia brownish-
violet, abdomen orange-brown. Forewing pale yellow. In the apical area and narrowly as far as the anal angle
almost white, inwards of it dusted with dark violet. Hindwing white. 40 — 45 mm. Gold Coast, Lowa (Congo),
Cape Colony.

A. encausta Hmps. (71 g). Body as in extenuata. Forewing yellow. A reddish-brown band at the inner
margin and one at the median vein as far as the margin at veins 2 — 4, where it is connected with the first.
A faded triangular subapical spot. Hindwing dark brown. 40 — 45 mm. Mashona Land, Gaza Land, East Africa.

A. aurifodinae Dist. (= citrina Aur.) (71 g). Thorax yellow, abdomen orange-brown. Forewing yellow
with a rather broad brown radial band from the base to the distal margin below vein 4, above white-edged,
two shorter bands at veins 6 and 7. In a subordinate form the bands are almost black, the median band tripartite.
40 mm. East Africa, Betchuana Land, Mashona Land, Transvaal.

Ptibl. 26. XI. 1928.

ANTHEUA; PHAEOSINA; ANTHEUSINA. By M. Gaede.

433

A. delkata B.-Bak. (71 h). On the forewing only a band below the median vein, the posterior edge of delicata.
which is very irregular; with 2 spots it extends into the cell. 28 mm. Gold Coast.

A. elongata sp. n. (71 h) is somewhat larger than delicata (71 h). Median band almost equally shaped, elongata.
but with a small interruption above vein 4 prolonged to the apex. 35 mm. Gold Coast, L. Chad. Type: 1 $
in the British Museum.

A. insignata sp. n. (71 h). Forewing without any marking. 32 — 35 mm. Transvaal; L. Kivu. Type: msignata.

$ in the Berlin Museum, $ in the British Museum.

The following 2 species differ in the colouring :

A. rufovittata Aur. (= albifasciata Hmps.) (71 h). Thorax greyish-brown, abdomen yellowish-brown. rujovittata.
Forewing red-brown. At the costal margin, around the median vein and between veins 3 and 4, and a little
near vein 6 white with brown scales. 30 mm. Cameroon, Congo. — Parazana radiata B.-Bak. is presumably
the same species.

The following species with a small tuft on the thorax. Dark insects, somewhat similar to the palaearctic
Drymonia. We only leave them with Antheua in order not to increase the number of genera still more. Eventually
the name would have to be: Catochria H.-Schdfj.

A. bicolor Dist. (= verulama B.-Bak . ) (71 h). Thorax and forewing dark brown. A strong black streak bicolor.
at the cross-vein. Interior line faded, exterior line black, strongly notched. Behind it dark lunar spots and a
waved line. Hindwing whitish, at the anal margin yellowish ($) or yellowish-brown ($). 35 -45 mm. Trans¬
vaal, Natal.

A. tristicolor sp. n. (71 h). Thorax deep red-brown, abdomen dark brown. Forewing darker than in tristicolor.
bicolor. A dark subbasal band indistinct, but somewhat more remote from the base. Interior band more curved,
inside edged with dark rust-brown. Exterior band at the costal margin more inwardly curved, outside somewhat
rust-brown. The black streak on the cross-vein similar. Behind it 2 rows of black submarginal dots, inside
light-edged. Hindwing brown, at the base lighter. 40 mm. North Rhodesia. Type: 1 G in the British Museum.

A. peringueyi Janse. Thorax and forewing blackish brown. A dark median line and a patch at the peringueyi.
cell-end are indicated, also a dark exterior and submarginal dentate line. Hindwing light tan, margin and median
hand blackish-brown. 40 — 46 mm. Cape Colony.

A. catocaloides H .-Schdff. (71 b) is similarly coloured. The interior and exterior black lines on the calocaloidcs.
forewing less notched. Interior line inside accompanied by one brown line, exterior line outside by three. i4t
the margin a distinct dentate line. Hindwing yellow with a more distinct median band. Vein 8 connected with
the cell by a bar. 55 mm. Cape Colony.

A. (?) acholli B.-Bak. Thorax pale fawn-colour. Abdomen orange-brown, at the apex grey. Eorewing acholli.
below the cell and vein 2 pale greyish ochreous. The cell and below vein 6 pinkish-brown with 2 ensiform streaks
in the cell which is closed by a notched shadow. Costal margin brownish. Hindwing dark grey. 60 mm.

Acholi Land.

68. Genus: Phaeosina Gaede.

Palpi short, thick. Proboscis absent. Antennae of $ finely bidentate as far as the tips. Forewing with
a straight costal margin. Veins 3 and 4 separated, 6 from the upper angle, 7 + 10-1-8-1-9 stalked. Hindwing
as in Antheua.

P. atra Gaede (71 i). Thorax and forewing deep red-brown. Marking faded black. A broad spot on the alra.
cross-vein. Exterior line excurved behind the cell, before the margin lunar spots. Hindwing brown, at the
base lighter. 40 mm. Cameroon. By the different neuration and somewhat more slender forewings it is separated
from A. tristicolor, otherwise of a similar exterior.

69. Genus: Anfhcusisia gen. nov.

Palpi very short, proboscis absent. Antennae of $ with long pectinations as far as 2/3, in the $ with
shorter pectinations. Forewing with an oblique distal margin. Veins 3 and 4 distantly separated, 6 from the
upper cell-angle, 7 and 8 + 9 from the apex of the accessory cell, 10 from its anterior edge. In the hindwing
veins 3 and 4 rise from the same place, 5 more feebly from the ceixtre, 6+7 stalked almost to the end, 8 very
near to the cell behind the centre.

A. incompleta sp. n. (71 i). Head and thorax greyish-brown, abdomen orange brown. Forewing white, incompleta.
slightly dusted with red-brown, with reddish-brown bands. The interior band from y3 of the inner margin
obliquely inward almost to the cell, rarely distinct. The exterior band from 2/3 of the inner margin parallel
to the distal margin, at vein 5 slightly curved to the costal margin, mostly incomplete. Hindwing orange yellow'
or brownish. In an aberrative $ the forewing is creamy only at the costal margin, otherwise redbrown. 34 to
38 mm. East Africa. Type in the Berlin Museum.

XI C

55

434

RIGEMA; ANTICYRA ; RAMESA; ZANA. By M. Gaede.

70. Genus: ifcigeiua Wkr.

Proboscis short, palpi porrect, short. Antennae of on half their lengths with short pectinations, in
the 9 filiform. Forewing rather long, curved before the pointed apex, distal margin slightly notched. Vein 6
from the side of the accessory cell, 7 from its apex, next to it 10 + 8 + 9, sometimes also 10 separately from
the accessory cell. Hindwing at vein 7 somewhat projecting, 6 -)- 7 on a long stalk, almost the whole of 8 parallel
to the cell and connected with it by a bar. Type: vittaia Wkr. — The species are extremely similar.

vittata. R. vittata Wkr. (71 i). Thorax in front yellow, abdomen above blackish-brown, almost to the end.

F ore wing yellowish- white with a reddish radial stripe through the centre of the wing to the apex and a narrower
one at the inner margin. The former is bordered in front at the apex by an almost horizontal, distinct, dark
brown line. Hindwing white. Separated from ornaia by the small size. 36 — 40 mm. Gold Coast. — The name
karsclii. karschi Strd. refers to somewhat faded specimens.

omaia. R. omata Wkr. (71 i). Abdomen above blackish. The radial band at its posterior edge more distinctly

defined, ending more slantingly at the apex. Hindwing yellowish- white. 38 — 45 mm. West and East Africa.
haasi. Transvaal. haasi Saalm., from Madagascar, is somewhat larger, the distal margin on the forewing hardly
ochriventris. reddish (quisola Strd. is a small pale 9 from Angola, scarcely different). — ochriventris Strd. (71 i) is larger.

Forewing orange, radial band pale, at the distal margin no dark line, fringe pink. 50 mm. Uganda. It may be
a distinct species.

wordeni. R. wordeni Sn. (71 i). Thorax in front yellow, at the end red-brown. Abdomen above orange-brown,

at the end yellowish. Forewing orange with a violettish-brown band through the cell to the apex, the band
mostly containing darker lines. Marginal line dark brown. Inner margin narrow violettish-brown. Hindwing
centralis, yellowish- white. — In centralis Strd. the abdomen is above black. orientalis Strd. besides shows the thorax
oriental is. peavpy mixed with orange-brown. — meridionalis Strd. is only a synonym for the principal race. The 3 forms
Us. occur everywhere in West, South, and East Africa. 55—70 mm.

7 1 . Genus : A n t i cyra Wkr.

Palpi short. Antennae of $ very dentate. Forewing rather broad, at the apex acute. Vein 6 from the
side of the accessory cell, 7 near the upper end, 8 -(- 9 and 10 from the apex. In the hindwing 6 + 7 stalk¬
ed, 8 parallel almost to the whole length of the cell and connected with it by a bar. Type: combusta Wkr. from
the Philippines (Vol. II, pi. 47 e).

atrata. A. atrata Grunbg. (71 k). Tegulae wood-coloured yellow, patagia grey, thorax red-brown. Abdomen

olive brown. Forewing of yellow wood-colour. From the costal margin to the centre of the cell blackish-brown,
distal area somewhat less dark, interior area strewn with brown scales. Hindwing yellowish-white ($) at the
angolana. margin brownish, or (9) more intensely brownish. — angolana Strd. + with pure white hindwings. 45 — 55 mm.
nigristriga. Spanish Guinea, Angola. — nigristriga de Joannis. Between the veins there are yet brown stripes, the one
above vein 3 being blackish. Hindwing white. 42 mm. Eritrea.

72. Genus: Haiuesa Wkr.

Proboscis short, palpi erect, projecting beyond the eyes. Antennae of pectinate, in the African species
also in the 9- Costal margin of forewing uniformly curved. Vein 6 from the cell-angle, 7 from near the upper
end of the accessory cell, 8 + 9 from the apex, 10 from its anterior edge. Hindwing at the apex slightly produced.
Veins 3 and 4 from the angle, 6 + 7 on a short stalk, 8 very near to the centre of the cell. Type: tosta Wkr.
from India, entirely unlike the African species.

dasychim. R. dasychira Hmps. Body and forewing greyish-brown, dusted with black. Interior line absent. Median

line black, undulating, inside bordered by greyish- white, at the inner margin indistinct. On the cross-vein a
black streak. Exterior line black, outside edged with white, dentate. Submarginal line undulating, white.
Hindwing brownish- white. 34 mm. Rhodesia.

macrodonta. R. macrodonta Hmps. (71 k). Thorax blackish-brown, abdomen yellowish- brown. Forewing at the

costal margin very dark. As far as the strongly notched interior line brown, then lighter violettish-brown.
Cross-vein edged with black, from there to the inner margin a brown band. Exterior line dark, outside edged
with light, rather straight, behind it blackish-brown streaks which are united in a spot at the inner margin. Hind¬
wing yellowish, broadly margined with brown (G), or all brown (9). 32 — 38 mm. Cameroon. East Africa.
euzephero- R. euzepherodes Hmps. Fore wing lighter; a black streak below the median vein, as far as vein 2. Exterior

des- line double, excurved in the cell. Hindwing whitish ochreous, at the margin brown (9). 40 mm. Uganda.
It may be a form of macrodonta. .

73. Genus: Zana Wkr.

Proboscis and palpi short. Antennae of strongly pectinate, at the tips dentate, Forewing broad, costal
margin almost straight. Vein 6 from the tipper cell-angle or from the accessory cell, 7 from its apex, or 7 +8 + 9
stalked, 10 from its anterior edge. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 separated, 6 + 7 on a short stalk, 8 nearing
the cell on its whole length. Type: lignosa Wkr. from India.

ZANA; XANTHODONTA ; NOTOXANTHA ; POLIENUS. By M. Gae de.

435

Z. marpissa Wllgr. (71 k). Thorax yellow mixed with brown, abdomen orange brown. Forewing yellow marpissa.
wood-colour, veins 6 and 4, the median vein and vein i fine black. The inner margin, below the cell and between
veins 2 and 4, the exterior portion of the cell, above and below vein 6 at the margin violettish- brown. Hindwing
yellowish- white. 30 — 38 mm. East Africa, Transvaal, Natal. According to Janse spurcata Wlcr. is a synonym
of it, whereas Aurivillius considers it to be cinerea Wlcr.

Z. grisea sp. n. (71 k). Thorax yellow wood-colour, edged with a greyish violet, abdomen orange brown, grisea.
Forewing pale wood-colour. Veins 6, 4, the median vein and vein 1 black. Costal margin as far as vein 6 and
the base of the cell violettish-grey, also the space between veins 4 and 2, as well as below vein 1. At the ends
of the veins black sagittae. Distal margin slightly notched. Hindwing white. 40 mm. Juba R. (East Africa).

Type: 1 $ without antennae in the British Museum.

In the two following species thefe males have short antennal pectinations.

Z. trifasciata Hmps. (71 k). Thorax red-brown, in the centre darker. Abdomen ochreous-brown . Fore- trifasciata.
wing ochreous-brown. In the cell a dark streak, also at veins 6 and 1. Median vein and vein 4 white, below it
broad dark brown, somewhat less dark below vein 6 and towards the apex. Above vein 1 yellow wood-colour.

Hindwing yellowish-white to brown. 30 — 42 mm. Gold Coast, Uganda, East Africa.

Z. bossumensis Gaede (71 k). Similar to a faded trifasciata. On the forewing the distal margin and fringe bossumen-
are very dark, the margin not so notched as in trifasciata. Above vein 1 not wood-coloured. Hindwing whitish,
fringe very dark. 34 mm. Togo, Ivory Coast.

The following species are very much alike and probably only f o r m s o f one

species. Antennae of $ f i 1 i f o r m.

Z. gallans Karsch. Thorax dark red-brown, abdomen ochreous. Fore wing at the costal margin wood- gallans.
coloured yellow. Median vein and vein 4 almost to the margin black, below edged with red-brown. From the
distal margin close under the apex to close above vein 4 a narrow dark red-brown triangle as far as the cell,
its upper distinct border is angled once. Below the median vein as far as near the submedian fold whitish-grey,
then as far as the inner margin red-brown. Hindwing yellowish-white, in the $ darker. 35 mm. Togo, East
Africa.

Z. anodonta Hmps. (72 a). The subapical spot is indistinctly defined. Between veins 2 and 4 greyish- anodonia.
white, between veins 1 and 2 pale yellow, inner margin brownish. Hindwing mostly lighter. 35 mm. East
Africa, Transvaal.

Z. bidentata Hmps. Costal margin of forewing darker. The upper border of the triangular subapical bidentata.
spot is white, twice notched. Vein 4 is white, the median vein is hardly pronounced. Submedian fold not grey.

35 mm. South Nigeria, Togo.

74. Genus: (SGuitliorioaita gen. nov.

Palpi short, proboscis stunted, antennae of $ filiform. Forewing at the apex not so sharply produced
as in Notoxantha. Vein 6 from the accessory cell, 7 -{-10 + 8 + 9 stalked from the apex of the accessory cell.

In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 separated, 6 + 7 on a long stalk, 8 nearing the centre of the cell.

H. debilis sp. n. (72 a). Thorax pale violettish-brown, abdomen whitish-yellow. Forewing creamy debilis.
white, with a slight violet lustre. On the cross-vein, above veins 3 and 5 a greenish- yellow lustre. Before the
distal margin and at it fine black dots. Hindwing pure white. In one specimen the forewing is dusted with
violettish brown. 28—30 mm. West Tanganyika. Type: $ in the British Museum.

75. Genus: EfotoxanilBa Hmps.

Proboscis stunted, palpi short, porrect. Antennae of with long pectinations as far as the tips, in the

7 filiform. Forewing at the apex sharply produced. Vein 6 from the cell-angle, 7 almost from the end of the
accessory cell, 10 +8 +9 from its apex. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 separated, 6+7 on a short stalk,

8 nearing the centre of the cell.

N. sesamioides Hmps. (72 a). Thorax pinkish white with a brown spot, abdomen brownish-yellow, sesamioi-
Forewing pink, finely dusted with dark, median vein white and more feebly so veins 2, 4 and 6. Hindwing
quite pale pink, feebly edged with brown. 30 — 34 mm. Ivory Coast, Angola, Transvaal.

76. Genus: l*ol Semis Hist.

Proboscis absent, palpi slightly upturned. Antennae of <$ up to the tips rather long-combed, in the P
dentate. Forewing broad. Vein 6 below the upper cell-angle. Vein 7 forms an accessory cell by a bar with the
stalk of 10 + 8 + 9. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 are distantly separated, 6 + 7 on a long stalk, 8 nearing
the centre of the cell and connected with it by a bar. Type: modestus Dist.

436

POLIENUS ; TJTIDAVIANA; PYDNA. By M. Gaede.

modestus.

ochraceus.

fuscata.

nigrosparsa.

albescens.

citana.

rubritincta.

brunnea.

jlavida.

brunneifas-

cia.

nigrovittata.

minima.

P. modestus Dist. (72 a). Ochreous white. Head and mesothorax red-brown. Forewing with a dark
brown streak on the median vein and vein 4. Hindwing pure white. 30 mm. Natal, Transvaal, Rhodesia.

P. ochraceus B.-Bak. (72 a). Body greyish ochreous. Forewing greyish-ochreous with dark scales
below the cell. A dark patch above vein 4 and an oblique one to the apex. Hindwing unicoloured dark grey.
34 mm. West Africa. A specimen from West Tanganyika exhibits a distinct exterior row of dots on the forewing
and traces of an interior row. Hindwing at the margin brownish.

P. fuscata Janse (72 a). Thorax yellowish- white, in the centre brown, abdomen creamy white. Forewing
yellowish- white, dusted with blackish. Traces of a median and exterior blackish line. Brownish ochreous bands
from the beginning of vein 3 to the end of vein 4 and one from vein 5 to the apex, between them a large radial
stripe. Below them a short stripe from % of the inner margin. Hindwing blackish-brown. 38 mm. Transvaal,
South-West T anganyika .

P. nigrosparsa Janse (72 a). Forewing without the dark bands of fuscata, veins lighter, the spaces
between them densely dusted with dark. 40 mm. Rhodesia.

P. albescens sp. n. (72 b). Thorax and abdomen brown mixed with white. Forewing creamy white,
dusted with brownish. An exterior row of black dots, strongly excurved below the costal margin, to the centre
of the inner margin. From the apex a fine brown line towards the centre of the inner margin, a feebler one
from the centre of the distal margin. Hindwing almost white. 34 mm. Tanganyika, in the district of the large
craters. It may be an alpine form of fuscata. Type: 1 $ in the British Museum.

77. Genus: lTti<laviniia gen. nov.

Palpi short, proboscis present. Antennae of $ filiform. Costal margin of forewing almost straight, apex
pointed, distal margin almost vertical to the inner margin. Veins 3 and 4 distantly separated, 6 below the upper
cell-angle, 7 -(- 10 -j- 8 -j- 9 stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 distantly separated, 6 -f 7 on a short stalk,
8 parallel to the cell on its whole length.

U. citana Schs. (72 b). Thorax blackish-brown, abdomen dark brown. Forewing at the base and costal
margin blackish-brown. Cross-vein black with a dark ring. Distal margin at the apex narrowly, at the inner
margin somewhat more broadly red-brown ; before it yellow wood-colour with a ray on the median vein. Before
the distal margin yellow and black dots. Hindwing dark brown. 28 mm. Sierra Leone, Togo, East Africa.

78. Genus: l®,v«Iaa Wkr.

Proboscis stunted. Palpi long, erect. Antennae of £ pectinate, in the 2 plain. Forewing at the apex
somewhat pointed, distal margin rather straight. Veins 3 and 4 separated. Vein 6 either from the cell-angle
or stalked with 7 ; 7 — (- 8 — (- 9 -|- 10 stalked; or 10 forming with 7 -f- 8 + 9 a short broad or long narrow acces¬
sory cell. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 separated, 6 -j- 7 stalked. A bar from vein 8 to the cell only indicated.
Type : testacea Wkr. from India.

A. Forewing without an accessory cell.

P. rubritincta Hmps. (72 b). Thorax greyish-brown and red-brown, abdomen ochreous brown. Forewing
ochreous grey, between the veins red-brown, except at the costal margin and base. An oblique curved exterior
row of blackish-brown dots and one before the distal margin. Hindwing reddish-brown. 40 mm. Natal, Gold
Coast, East Africa. It may be Not. brunneomixta Mab. (1897).

P. brunnea sp. n. Thorax and forewing dark reddish-brown. An interior row of 3 black dots and a
curved exterior row; between these rows the veins are lighter. Abdomen and hindwing dark brown. 26 mm.
Type: 1 in the Berlin Museum.

B. Forewing with a broad accessory cell.

P. flavida Hmps. Thorax whitish ochreous, abdomen yellowish-brown, at the end whitish ochreous.
Forewing whitish ochreous, at the base black scales. An interior and an exterior row of black dots traceable;
at the cell-end a faded spot. Hindwing brownish- white. 35 mm. Natal.

P. brunneifascia Hmps. is coloured as flavida, but with a dark reddish-brown radial band from near
the base almost to the distal margin below vein 5. Traces of a faded band from the centre of the cell to the apex.
A row of brown marginal dots, Hindwing white. 30 mm. Congo.

P. nigrovittata Aur. (72 b). White, abdomen somewhat brownish. In the forewing a blackish radial
band from the base almost to the margin below vein 5. Hindwing pure white. 25 — 30 mm. West, South,
East x4frica.

P. minima Hmps. Very similar, smaller. Thorax brownish, abdomen orange. Forewing white, finely
dusted with brown. Hindwing silken white. 20 mm. Niger District. The type is presumably aberrative. I saw
a specimen from the British Museum with a black band as in nigrovittata, though somewhat shorter.

HAPLOZANA; ANTIZANA; MACRONADATA. By M. Gaede.

437

C. Fore wing with a narrow accessory cell.

P. minuta Holl. Thorax and abdomen grey. Forewing greyish- white, finely dotted dark. An intense minuta.
black basal ray to the centre of the distal margin. Besides there are blackish patches in the distal area. Hindwing
yellowish white. West Africa.

P. rhabdophora Hmps. (72 b). Thorax and hindwing pale greyish brown, densely dusted with brown, rhabdopho-
Radial band as in minuta. Abdomen orange brown. Hindwing whitish, in the $ brownish. 36 mm. Niger
District. — Probably Antheua nigrolineata Carp. (1895) is the same species.

P. diatrecta Hmps. Thorax, abdomen, and forewing greyish-brown, dusted with dark. The fine black diaireda.
radial band extends from before the middle of the median vein to below the apex, where it is stronger. A row
of dark marginal dots. Hindwing greyish-brown, at the margin rather lighter. 32 mm. Uganda.

P. strigata Aur. (72 b). Thorax brown, abdomen yellowish brown. Forewing yellow. The dark brown sirigata.
radial band pointedly upturned to vein 6. Before the margin fine black dots. Hindwing of and $ white, but
1 $ from Pretoria shows dark brown hindwings. 28—30 mm. Togo, Cameroon, Transvaal.

P. rubrlfascia Hmps. (72 b). Head red-brown, thorax brown, abdomen ochreous. Forewing pale yellow rubri fascia.
with a nut-brown radial band below the median vein, being strongest in the centre, reaching the distal margin
almost at vein 6. Cross-vein and marginal dots reddish-brown. Hindwing pale yellowish brown. 30— 35 mm.

Mashona Land, Gaza Land, East Africa.

P. indistincta sp. n. (72 c). Head and thorax dark ochreous brown, abdomen red-brown. Forewing indisiinda.
brown. A narrow faded reddish-brown radial band upturned to the apex. Above veins 2 and 3 two faded spots.

Fine brown marginal dots. In some specimens a short branch extends from the radial band into the submedian
fold. Hindwing dark reddish-brown, in the $ somewhat lighter. 28 mm. Togo, East Africa. Type in the Berlin
Museum.

79. Genus: If aplozana Aur.

Palpi porrect, rather short. Antennae of $ and $ strongly pectinate. Forewing broad and short. Vein
6 below the upper angle, vein 10 separate, or stalked with 7 + 8 + 9. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 are distantly
separated, 6 + 7 on a long stalk, 8 nearing the centre of the cell.

H. nigrolineata Aur. ( = melanogramma .Janse) (72 c). Thorax and forewing white, abdomen orange nigrolinea-
yellow with dark segmental indentations. Forewing with fine black veins. Hindwing brown with light fringe. ia-

30 — 35 mm. Congo, Angola, Transvaal, East Africa.

80. Genus: Aiiiizana gm. nov.

Palpi short, proboscis absent. Antennae of $ with short pectinations almost to the apex. Forewing
short and broad. Vein 2 far outside, 3 and 4 distantly separated, 6 from the centre of the accessory cell, 7+8 + 9
from its apex, 10 from its anterior edge. On the hindwing the costal margin is round. Veins 3 + 4 slightly
separated, 6 + 7 on a short stalk, 8 almost to the end next to the cell.

A. sparsata sp. n. (72 c). Thorax brownish-black, behind with yellowish scales. Abdomen dark brown, sparsaia.
Forewing brownish black with 3 bands of yellowish brown scales. The two first begin below the cell, obliquely
inwards to the inner margin. The third from vein 6, behind it a row of white dots. Before the margin a double
row between the veins and one on the veins. Hindwing dark brown. 33 mm. Rhodesia. Type: 1 $ in the
British Museum.

IX. Brachychira Group.

Mostly very large species more or less recalling Lasiocampidae and partly having been described as such.

A. Thorax with a tuft.

81. Genus: lEacronailatia Mschlr.

Palpi projecting beyond the Irons, proboscis stunted, antennae pectinate also in the female, at the tips
dentate. Thorax with a high pencil. Forewing at the costal margin strongly curved, distal margin below the
apex concave as far as vein 3, with a short accessory cell. Vein 6 near its lower end, 7 near its upper end,

10 + 8 + 9 from the apex of the accessory cell. Type: collaris Mdschl.

M. collaris Mdschl. (72 c). Body and wings pale reddish-brown. Tegulae and thoracal pencil blackish, collaris.
On the forewing the interior and exterior lines light, below the costal margin strongly outwardly angled.

438

OGOVQDONTA; PSEUDOBAROBATA ; TRICHOLOBA. By M. Gaede.

between them a dark faded median line, often enclosing traces of a light one. On the cross-vein a reverted black
brunnei- comma. Distal area somewhat darker with a light dentate line. brunneidorsa Holl. without the black comma.
orsa" Hindwing and abdomen somewhat darker. 70 mm. Gold Coast, Cameroon.
viridis. M. vlridls Drc. Thorax pale olive green, abdomen brownish white. Forewing pale olive green, costal

margin white. Posterior half of distal margin and the apex broad yellow. Two fine brown undulating lines
through the centre of the wing and an indistinct brown submarginal line. Hindwing pale yellow, costal margin
greyish-brown. 75 mm. Cameroon.

82. Genus: Ogovodonta gen. nov.

Palpi projecting beyond the frons, proboscis present. Antennae of $ dentate. Thorax with a high
ridge. Costal margin of forewing in the. middle straight. Distal margin at veins 4, 5 excurved, inner margin
straight. Veins 3 and 4 separated, 6 from the cell-angle, 7 + 10 + 8 + 9 stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4
rise together, 6 + 7 stalked, 8 almost on the whole length near the cell.

I runs versa. 0. transversa sp. 7i. (72 c). Head greyish-brown. Thorax dark red-brown, behind whitish. Abdomen

brown. Forewing at the base red-brown as far as the anterior portion of the interior line. Near the base white
spots and a feeble subbasal line, behind it at the inner margin whitish. The rest of the wing pale reddish-brown.
Cross-vein white, thickly edged with black. From vein 4 a broad dark double shadow extends to the inner
margin. Exterior line strongly angled below vein 5. Before the margin a light band, distally dentately edged
with dark. From the centre of the costal margin a broad faded violettish-black band extends to veins 4, 5 at
the distal margin. Hindwing brown. 56 mm. Ogowe. Type: 1 $ in the Berlin Museum.

83. Genus: Pseudobarobatu gen. nov.

Palpi longer than in the preceding genus, proboscis stunted. Antennae of <$ pectinate, at the tips
dentate, in the $ finely ciliary. Forewing with a curved costal margin, distal margin dentate, slightly projecting
at vein 3. Veins 3 and 4 of forewing nearer together, otherwise the same neuration as in the preceding genus.
Beside the thoracal pencil there are short tufts on the abdomen.
angulata. P. angulafa sp. n. (72 d). Head and thorax brownish ochreous, tegulae and pencil dark red-brown.

Abdomen reddish-brown. Forewing brownish ochreous with dark brown lines, being angular below the costal
margin. Subbasal line plain, strongly notched; interior, median, and exterior lines double. Before the distal
margin a light waved line. Hindwing red-brown. In the female the tegulae are not dark, the undulaiing line
at the distal margin is dark not light. On the hindwing a thin dark exterior line. 56 — 62 mm. Cameroon,
Ruanda. Type: in the British, $ in the Berlin Museum.

B. Thorax without a tuft.

84. Genus: Triclioloba Hmps.

By the expanded costal margin of the hindwing very similar to Lasiocampa. Palpi thin, erect, proboscis
small. Antennae of $ and $ strongly pectinate, at the ends leafy. Forewing with acute apex, interior angle
very round. Accessory cell long, vein 6 branching off far in front, 7 + 8 + 9 and 10 slightly separated from
the apex of the accessory cell. In the hindwing 6 + 7 on a short stalk. Type: carteri Drc.
intensiva. T. intensiva sp. n. (72 d). Thorax greyish-brown, abdomen reddish-yellow. Forewing white, scantily

dusted with brown. At the base at the costal margin and in the cell a yellow spot. Interior line double, in the
cell strongly excurved, the interior branch formed of dots. In the cell-end a round yellow spot, below it a
triangular one from which a faded line extends to the inner margin. Behind the cell a small yellow spot, all
three being finely edged with black. Exterior line double, notched, the branches rather distantly separated.
Behind it at the costal margin an obsolete square spot and dots on the veins. Traces of a submarginal line.
This whole marking is pale reddish-brown. One large dark red-brown marginal spot at vein 2 and above vein 4.
and 3 small ones. Hindwing white, at the costal margin bluish-brown, at the anal margin broad yellow. 50 mm.
L. Kivu. Type: 1 $ in the British Museum.

trisignata. T. trisigiiata Strd. (72 d). Thorax and forewing brownish white, abdomen ochreous. On the forewing

the base and centre of the inner margin are more densely dusted with brownish. At the distal margin the
distinct spots are replaced by patches flown out far inwards. Traces of blackish basal spots. The three yellow
rings are more intensely edged with black. Hindwing somewhat darker, otherwise as in intensiva. 52 mm.
Cameroon.

alriclathra- T. atriclathrata Hmps. Thorax pale ochreous and brown. Abdomen pale yellow, at the base reddish-

ia- brown. Forewing creamy white, dusted with brown. Marking chocolate brown. A subbasal dot below the costal
margin, below it an elliptical spot. In the cell-end a small spot and a larger one around the lower cell-angle,
parted by the veins. Before the apex a parted large spot and a small one. Exterior line indicated by spots
between vein 3 and the inner margin, a submarginal line besides indicated by double lunae above vein 4. Anal
squali dula. angle more densely dusted. Hindwings as in intensiva. 50 mm. Sierra Leone. — squalidula Strd. (72 d) is

EPIDONTA; SOLWEZIA; BRACHYCHIRA; TROTONOTUS. By M. Gaede.

439

probably only a fringeless (thus not rubbed-off) and more feebly marked form of atriclathrata. 45 mm. Liberia.

T. immodica Strd. (72 d). Thorax and forewing light brownish-grey. Somewhat more brownish in a immodica.
stripe from the centre of the costal margin to above the anal angle and at the margin above vein 4. Abdomen
reddish-yellow with dark indentations. Hindwing pale orange. 54 mm. Cameroon.

T. carteri Drc. Thorax grey, abdomen pale reddish-yellow. Forewing pure white. At the costal carter}.
margin, apex and inner margin red-brown spots. Inner margin somewhat pink. Hindwing pale orange, at the
anal margin somewhat pink. 50 mm. West Africa.

85. Genus: EpfdoBBta B.-Bak.

Palpi small. Antennae of £ with short pectinations, at the tips dentate. Costal margin of forewing almost
straight, distal margin slightly waved. Veins 6 -f- 7 8 — (- 9 -)- 10 stalked. Hindwing at the costal margin at

the base curved, moderately large. Veins 3 and 4 from the angle, 6 + 7 stalked. Vein 5 in both wings feeble.

E. eroki B.-Bak. Thorax ash-grey, abdomen yellowish. Forewing ash-grey with traces of a double eroki.
median line. The space behind it paler. A grey round spot at the cell-end. An exterior row of dark dots and
a dark grey triangular subapical spot. Margin fine dark. Hindwing (<$) creamy white or (9) grey. 42 52 mm.

Doenyo-Erok.

86. Genus: Solwezfa gen.nov.

Palpi as long as frons. Proboscis absent. Antennae of 9 filiform. Forewing rather broad, costal margin
straight, curved before the pointed apex, distal margin at the interior angle very round. Veins 3 and 4 separated,

6 from the upper angle, 7 + 10 + 8 + 9 stalked. Hindwing with a straight costal margin. Veins 3 and 4
shortly separated, 6 + 7 on a long stalk, 8 as far as behind the middle next to the cell.

S. multilineata sp. n. (72 d). Body and forewing red-brown, with a violet reflection and light, somewhat multilinea-
undulating transverse lines. The first from 1/5 of the costal margin to 1/5 of the inner margin rather straight,
the second and third united at the inner margin. The third and fourth more curved. Before and behind the
cross-vein light streaks. The line behind it oblique, almost parallel to the distal margin. Before the margin 2
waved lines and one notched line less distinct. Hindwing pale red-brown. 42 mm. Solwezi (Rhodesia). Type:

1 9 hi the British Museum.

87. Genus: Brachychira Aur.

Palpi short. Antennae of A and 9 pectinate, at the ends plain. Forewing with acute apex, inner margin very
round. Vein 6 from the cell-angle or on a short stalk, 7 and 10 + 8+9 from the apex of the long accessory cell.

In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 from the upper cell-angle, 8 nearing the centre of the cell. Type: ferruginea Aur.

B. ferruginea Aur. (72 e) slightly resembles the palaearctic Las. populifolia. Reddish-brown. On the ferruginea.
forewing an undulating interior and exterior black line are indicated and a double median line extending from
vein 2 vertical to the inner margin. Hindwing somewhat paler, at the base yellowish-brown. 68 mm. Cameroon.

The $ of it might be a specimen from the Lufira R., which is more violettish brown on the forewing, whereby
the marking is more faded. 42 mm. In the British Museum.

B. elegans Aur. (72 e). Body and wings reddish-brown. Forewing round about margined with dark elegans.
and with a rust-brown line from the base across the median vein to the apex ; before it bluish-white. Interior
and exterior lines dark, slightly curved, inside light-edged. On the centre of the distal area a broader light brown
undulating line. 80 mm. Sierra Leone.

B. olivaceofusca Rothsch. (72 e). Similar to a small elegans. Ground-colour more greyish- brown. The olivaceo-
reddish-brown principal line does not begin at the base, but at % of the inner margin. 50 mm. Sierra Leone.

B. aeola Bryk. (72 e) forms a good transition to the following species by the very much produced apex, aeola.
Thorax light and dark red-brown, abdomen ochreous. Forew'ing red-brown, at the costal margin ochreous.

Central area bordered by 2 very undulate white lines, partly suffused with violet, with a yellow spot at the cross¬
vein. Belowthe apex a white line to the exterior one. Hindwing white, at the anal margin brownish. 55mm. Cameroon.

B. excellens Rothsch. (72 f). Forewing strongly projecting at the inner margin. Thorax greyish-red. cxcellcns.
abdomen creamy white, mixed with grey. Forewing violettish-grey with an intense silvery gloss. Radial line
from the base to the apex, angled at vein 4, below it a silken lustre. At the costal margin near the apex darkened.

Hindwing white. 60 mm. Gold Coast.

88. Genus: Trotonotus Btlr.

Palpi long, porrect, proboscis absent. Antennae of the male long-combed almost to the tips, in the
female shorter. Forewing broad with acute apex, distal margin more slanting than in Brachychira, inner margin
excurved, accessory cell shorter than in Brachychira. Hindwing larger and abdomen shorter than in Brachychira.

Type: bettoni Btlr.

440

PARATROTONOTUS ; EUTROTONOTUS ; ALATANADATA. By M. Gaede.

beitoni. T. bettoni Bllr. (= oneili J arise ) (72 f). Thorax and forewing cinnamon- colour. Abdomen yellowish-

brown. Interior line orange, obliquely distad to the median vein, then again more inwards obliquely to the
inner margin, inside with dark dots. A broad curved orange band with reddish streaks, outside edged with
dark. Hindwing pale orange, at the margin cinnamon-brown. 60—70 mm. Rhodesia, East Africa.
decor ata. T. decorata Wichgr. Thorax white, abdomen reddish-brown. Eorewing silvery lustrous white. Interior

line as in beitoni , but the yellow spots outside edged with black. Exterior band lemon-coloured, formed of lunar
spots, inside edged with black. Before the margin black lunar spots. Hindwing white. 43 mm. Angola.
siibapicalis. T. subapicalis sp. n. (72 f). Body as in beitoni. Forewing pale yellow, densely dusted with red-brown

with a red-brown marking. The edges of the exterior band at the costal margin more inwardly curved, filled
with the ground-colour. The space as far as the parallel interior line red-brown, only the cross-vein lighter.
From the apex to the exterior band at vein 4 a broad stripe. Fringe red-brown. Hindwing pale reddish-brown.
56 mm. Lake Mweru. Type: $ in the British Museum.

crenulaia. T. cve'rtulata B.-Bah. Body and wings ochreous grey. Forewing with traces of a basal line. Exterior

and submarginal lines notched, parallel, la vender- grey, behind them on the veins grey spots. Hindwing somewhat
paler, with 2 undulating lines and marginal dots. 58 mm. Angola.
brunnea. T. brumiea Rothsch. (72 f). Uniformly dark tan-coloured. Interior and exterior lines dark red-brown.

On the cross-vein a large dark spot, behind it a faded band; submarginal line of streaks. Hindwing paler.
48 mm. Lado. As the apex is round on the forewing, it may be no species of Trotonotus.

89. Genus: Paratrotomotsis Aur.

Proboscis present. Palpi long, upturned. Antennae of and $ almost to the tips with long pectinations.
Forewing similar as in Trotonotus , but the inner margin almost straight. In the hindwing veins 6 -f- 7 stalked,
otherwise not different. Type: ogovensis Holl.

ogovensis. P. ogovensis Holl. (72 f, g). Thorax, forewing, and centre of dorsum red-brown, abdomen yellowish-

brown. Forewing ochreous brown with red-brown scales. Basal line, interior and exterior lines notched, dark.
Behind them a light line acutely angled at vein 6, at the inner margin white, edged with dark; from the angle
to the apex a dark line. Before the margin a dark waved line. Hindwing pinkish brown. Forewing of $ more
uniformly reddish-brown. 40 — 45 mm. West Africa, L. Kivu. A very large $ from Cameroon (52 mm) has
yellowish-red forewings.

flavipunc- P. flavipunctatus sp. n. (72 g). Body and forewing dark red-brown. Subbasal line absent. At the

totus. interior iine below the cell a large and a small orange spot; a similar one at the cross- vein. Exterior line only
traceable. The line behind it white, the branch above vein 6 somewhat steeper. Submarginal line with yellowish
scales. Hindwing at the base and costal margin yellowish, otherwise pale red-brown. 42 mm. Cameroon.
Type: 1 $ in the Berlin Museum.

vilis. P. vilis Holl. (72 g). Yellowish-brown. Thorax and forewing densely dusted with brown. The dark

lines more obliquely inwards. The interior line double as far as the median vein, the exterior line treble. The
line behind it as in flavipunctatus . Before the margin black lunae, inside edged with yellowr. A distinct yellow
spot above vein 5, below it a black one. Hindwing yellowish- white. At the margin behind the cell and at the
anal angle black. 45 mm. Lowa (Congo).

medjensis. P. medjensis Holl. Proboscis feebler, forewing at vein 3 more angular. Forewing pale yellow with a

red-brown marking. Traces of a subbasal line. Interior line undulating, faded, double. Behind it from vein 2
obliquely distad a red-brown band. On the cross-vein a black dot. Exterior line notched, far excurved, single.
The line behind it is hardly traceable. Submarginal line notched, darker. Margin narrow dark, especially
below vein 3. Hindwing yellowish- white, below the cell pale red-brown. Kudu (Congo).

90. Genus: gen nov.

Palpi porrect, antennae of $ pectinate, almost as in Brachychira. Fore wing with a straight costal
margin, inner margin far excurved. Veins 3 and 4 separated, 5 far in front, 6 on a short stalk with 10, 7 and
8 + 9 which branch off almost at the same place. Hindwing with a straight costal margin. Veins 3 and 4
separated, 5 feeble, above the centre, 6 + 7 on a short stalk, 8 on 3/4 of the length of the cell close next to it.
albidilinea. E. albidilinea sp. n. (72 g). Body reddish-brown. Forewing dark yellow, at the inner margin reddish.

The interior white line is only distinct at the inner margin, the median line from y3 of the costal margin to the
centre of the inner margin waved, exterior line from % of the costal margin to the anal angle, somewhat more
indistinct. Behind it traces of a dark submarginal line. Hindwing pinkish-brown, at the base lighter. 44 mm.
Madagascar. 1 $ type in the Stockholm Museum.

91. Genus: i lalaiuulata Strd.

Palpi projecting beyond the frons, upturned. Proboscis present. Antennae of $ almost to the tips
with short pectinations. Thorax in front tufted. Forewing broad with acute apex. Veins 3 and 4 separated,

6 + 10 + 7 + 8 stalked, 9 absent. Hindwing small, rounded. Veins 6 + 7 on a short stalk, 8 as far as the
cell-end close next to it.

Publ. 23. X 1928.

POLELASSOTHYS; PARAPHLEBS. By M. Gaede.

441

A. fissura Saalm. Reddish-grey. Forewing dusted darker, marking violettish-brown. A short streak fissura.
below the base of the cell obliquely distad and above it a parallel one to vein 1. A fine notched median line
meets the latter streak. From the apex a light submarginal line almost to the inner margin. Before it a broad
wedge-shaped dark band. Before the margin dark spots. Hindwing violettish-brown. 2 40 mm. Madagascar.

A. gemina sp. n. (72 g) may be the <$ of the preceding species. Head and thorax ochreous, abdomen gemina.
brown. Forewing yellow, suffused with violet, marking violettish-brown. The two interior lines are thick
bands as far as the inner margin and are more remote towards the base. The light submarginal line has
disappeared in the light marginal area. The wedge-shaped brown band before it extends almost to the fine
median line. Marginal dots larger. Hindwing reddish-brown. Antennal pectinations quickly decrease in length
beyond the middle. 35 mm. Madagascar. Type: 1 <$ in the Berlin Museum.

The following genera are difficult to range.

93. Genus: Polelassotliys Janse.

Palpi short, porrect, proboscis stunted. Antennae in both sexes strongly pectinated almost to the
apices, thorax with a short hair-tuft. Hind tibiae with but one pair of spurs. Forewing broad. Veins 3 and 4
separated. 6 from the upper angle, 7 + 9 -j- 10 stalked, 8 absent. Hindwing round, veins 3 and 4 separated,

6+7 on a long stalk, 8 fused with the cell almost to the end of the latter. Third palpal joint absent.

P. plumitarsus Janse (72 g). Thorax white, with brown scales, abdomen white. Forewing greenish- plumUar-
brown, at the base traces of a few blackish lines. Interior and median lines blackish, curved. On the cross¬
vein a black streak. Exterior line white, edged with dark, below the costal margin and below vein 4 excurved.

Apex brownish, below it black spots. Hindwing white, cross-vein and costal margin with black streaks. Hind¬
wing of 2 darker. 28- 35 mm. Transvaal, Rhodesia.

94. Genus : Paraplilebs Am.

Palpi short, proboscis and frenulum absent. Antennae pectinate to the tips. Forewing similar to those
of the Limaeodidae. Vein 6 from the angle, 10 + 7 +8 + 9 stalked. In the hindwing 6 + 7 on a short stalk,

8 in the middle fused with the cell.

P. singularis Aur. Thorax yellow, abdomen ochreous. Forewing grey with yellow and brown scales, singularis.
as far as the excurved interior line blackish-brown. Below the median vein and vein 2 with pale yellow and
brownish yellow spots. Median area inside grey, outside brown. Fiscal spot brown. Exterior line undulating,
blackish. Marginal area blackish-brown with yellow marginal spots. Hind wing blackish-brown, at the anal
angle black. 29 — 31 mm. Transvaal.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the Ethiopian Notodontidae.
* signifies that the form is also figured at the place quoted.

accipiter Scran. Schaus, Sierra Leone p. 33. *
acholli Anth. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 2, p. 256.
adversa Desm. Karsch, Entom. Nachr. 21, p. 362.
aeola Brach. Bryk. Soc. Entom. 28, p. 100.
aeruginosa Pectin. Gaede, Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 408.
afra Cleapa B.-Bak. Ami. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 559.
africana Mag. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 565.
africana Scran. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 2 (4), p. 7. *
agramma Desm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 471.
agramma Phyll. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 474.
albescens Pol. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 436.
albicans Pseudor. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 5, p. 1043.
albicostata Scalm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 493.
albida Anth. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 475.
albidilinea Euryst. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 430.
albidilinea Eutrot. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 440.
albidorsa Scran. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 424.
albifasciata Pyg. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 415.

XIV

albiplaga Phycit. Gaede, Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 426.
albiplagiata Perat. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 406.
albipuncta Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 413.
albolineata Garg. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (6), p. 163.
alchornea Desm. Schultze, Arch. f. Nat. 80 A (2), p. 122.
albocota Argyr. Bryk, Soc. Ent. 28, p. 101.
arnata Scran. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 725. *
angolana Antic. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (6), p. 159.
angulata Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 416.
angulata Loph. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 408.
angulata Pseudobar. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 438.
angulata Pyg. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 425.
angustipennis Not. Mob. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 25, p. 56.
anodonta Zana Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 476.
apicalis Desm. Aur. II. C. Afr. Exp. 1 (4), p. 1267.
arctipennis Perat. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 488(
argenteomaculata Graph. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 13, p. 197.
argentescens Scalm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 491 .

56

442

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Notodontidae.

argentina Cerura Schulize, Arch. f. Nat. 82 A (1), p. 70. *
argyraspis Ptil. Holl. Ent. News 1893, p. 104. *
argyrophora Pect. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 465. *
atra Phaeosina Gaede, Int. Ent. Ztschr. Guben 9 (1915) p. 125.
atrata Antic. Griinbg. D. Ent. Ztschr. 1907, p. 432.
atribasalis Desrn. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 467.
atriclathrata Trich. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 489.
atrifasciata Psal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 483.
atrifasciata Scran. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 424.
atrifrons Scran. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 481.
atriguttata Desm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 465.
aurifodinae Anth. Dist. Entomologist 35, p. 213.

baccata Pect. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 455.
basalis Desm. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 4, p. 361.
basipuncta Anth. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 474.
basipuncta Turn. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 427.
bella Perat. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 12, p. 63.
benga Scalm. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 489.
bettoni Trot. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1898, p. 431.
biarculina Sc. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 20, p. 328.
bicolor Anth. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 4. p. 360.
bicolorata Scalm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 403.
bidentata Zana, Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 476.
bisecta Scalm. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 24, p. 260. *
bitioides Desm. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 476.
bossumensis Zana Gaede, Int. Ent. Ztschr. 9 (1915), p. 125.
brevipennis Norr. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 488.
brunnea Anth. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 181. *
brunnea Euryst. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 216. *
brunnea Perat. Aur. Ark. f. Nat. 2 (4), p. 6.
brunnea Pydna Gaede, Seitz Macrolep 14, p. 436.
brunnea Troton. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 24, p. 259. *
brunneicosta Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 413.
brunneidorsa Macron. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 489.
brunneifascia Pydna Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5,
p. 486.

brunnescens Scran. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 424.

calliope Desm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, 466.
cameroona Cer. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 20, p. 328.
canescens Desm. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 188. *
carteri Trich. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 489.
castanea Euhamp. Wichgraf. I. E. Z. Guben 15 (1922) p. 173.
catocaloides Anth. H.-Schaff. Exot. Lep. Fig. 380.
catori Desm. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 557.
caudatissima Macr. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (6) p. 161.
centralis Rig. Strd. Fauna Ex. 1, p. 50.
chloana Desm. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 476.
chloauchena Desm. HoU. Psyche 6, p. 475.
chloe Desm. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 487.
cliloeropis Desm. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 476.
cinerea Diast. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 767.
cinerea Taen. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 212. *
circulosa Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 414.
citana Utid. Schaus. Sierra Leone p. 26. *
collaris Macron. Moschl. Abh. Senckbg. Mus. 1887, p. 83. *
comma Stenost. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (6), p. 171.
concolora Garg. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 3, p. 424.
confluens Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 415.
congoana Desm. Aur. Ofr. Akad. Forh. 62, p. 1049.
congruata Phyc. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 209. *
consanguinea Anth. Dist. Ins. Transv. 4, p. 92. *
corticicolor Fent. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 2 (4), p. 3. *
erenulata Trot. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Ilist. (8) 7, p. 558.
critobulus Desm. Fawcett, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916,
p. 726. *

croceipuncta Anth. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 474.
curvatula Hopl. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 251. *
curvilinea Chad. Swinh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 207.

damba Desm. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 12, p. 62.
dasycliira Ram. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 484.
dasychirina Hopl. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 250. *
dasychiroides Breyer. Janse, Trans. Mus. 7, p. 214. *
dasychiroides Hopl. Btlr. Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1898, p. 433. *
debilis Xanth. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 435.
decorata Prot. Wichgraf, I. E. Z. Guben 15 (1922), p. 172.
defasciata Psal. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 423.
delicata Anth. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 554.
derelicta Cramb. Prout, Nov. Zool. 22, p. 376.
desmotis Desm. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 475.
diatrecta Pydna Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 487.
dimorpha Anth. Janse, Transv. Mus., p. 180. *

discalis Scran. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 479.
discomma Scran. Jordan, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 141. *
dissimilis Pararet. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 174.
divisa Parastaur. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 429.
drymonides Zer. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 80 A (10), p. 102.
duplex Onophal. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 418.
duplicata Alen. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 418.

ectoleuca Graph. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 494.
elegans Brach. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 3 (19), p. 7.
elongata Anth. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 433.
eneausta Anth. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 476.
epinephela Metop. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 3, p. 424.
erecta Euryst. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 429.
eroki Epidont. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 556.
esmeralda Cerura Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 458.
euzepherodes Ram. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 483.
excellens Brach. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 260. *
excellens Hopl. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 1912 A (10), p. 213.
extensa Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 415.
extensa Perat. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 416.
extenuata Anth. Wkr. Char. Lep. Het. p. 11.

falsa Desm. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 487.
fasciata Pyg. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 425.
ferruginea Brach. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 2 (12), p. 28.
ferruginea Pyg. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 465.
fissura Acroct. Saalm. Madagascar p. 244. *
flava Euryst. Gaede, Seitz Mag. Nat. His 14, p. 429.
flavida Pydna Hmps. Ann. Macrolep. (8) 5, p. 485.
flavipennis Scalm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 490,
flavipunctatus Paratr. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 440.
formosa Scalm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 405.
fusca Onoph. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 418.
fuscata Pol. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 225. *
fuscinota Graph. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 2 (4), p. 5.

gallans Zana Karsch. Ent. Nachr. 21, p. 365. *
gemina Acroct. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 441.
geminata Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 415.
gladstonei Camp. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 220. *
glauca Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 413.
graminosa Sizal. Wkr. Proc. Nat. Hist. S. Glasgow. I, p. 340.
grisea Hopl. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 421.
grisea Turn. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 488.
grisea Zana Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 435.
griseitincta Scalm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 492.
griseomaculata Scalm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 404.
griseoviridis Desm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 469.

haasi Rig. Saalm. Madag. I, p. 245. *

heterogyna Perat. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 490.
hierax Pararet. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 204.
kinnula Desm. Holl. Psyche 6, p. 536.
hippocastanaria Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 411.
hollandi Phycit. B.-Ba.k. Ann. Mag. Nat. Ilist. (8) 7, p. 556.
hoesemanni Graph. Strd. Jahrb. Nassau. V. 64, p. 121.

idioptila Scr. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 17, p. 383.
ignobilis Turn. HoU. Psyche 6, p. 489.
imitans Zel. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 25.
imitata Phal. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 17, p. 356.
immodica Trich. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 77 A (4), p. 120.
impedita Sten. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. M. 32, p. 583.
ineana Desm. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 189.
incisus Desm. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 245. *
incompleta Antheus. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 433.
inconspicua Alen. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 418.
inconspicuana Desm. Strd., Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (6), p. 168.
indistincta Pydna Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 437.
inexpectata Phal. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 253. *
ingens Amyops Karsch. Ent. Nachr. 21, p. 362. *
insignata Anth. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 433.
intensiva Trichol. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 438.
interpellatrix Desm. Wllgrn. Wien. E. Z. 4, p. 164.

lactea Scran. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 424.
lanuginosa Turn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 258. *
latifasciata Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 413.
latifasciata Rhenea Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 416.
latipennis Alat. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (6), p. 166.
latipennis Leuc. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896, p. 844. *
lavinia Phal. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 725. *
lentisignata Pyg. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 495.

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Notodontidae.

443

leonensis Cerura Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 457.
leuca G-arg. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 482.
leuconepkra Ampkipk. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5,
p. 478.

leucopera Scran. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 481.
leucophaea Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 415.
leilcosticta Desm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 470.
lignitea Pkal. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 68, p. 723.
lilacina Desm. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1917, p. 85. *
lineata Norr. Holl. Psycke 6, p. 488.
longa Dinot. Holl. Psycke 6, p. 552. *
longicauda Macros. Holl. Psycke 6, p. 566. *
lucida Pyg. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 14 (5), p. 19.
lugubris Pyg. Gaede , Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 425.
lydenburgi Pkal. Hist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 3, p. 463.

macrodonta Ram. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 19, p. 119. *
malangae Lept. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 559.
inalgassica Desm. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1917, p. 85. *
margaritacea Scran. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14 p. 424.
marmor Not. Mab. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 25, p. 17.
marpissa Zana Wllgr. Vet. Akad. Pork. 15, p. 211.
marshalli Cerura Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 456.
maxima Ckad. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 420.
medialis Euryst Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 429.
mediata Rkenea Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. M. 32, p. 412.
medjensis Paratr. Holl. Bull. Am. Mus. 43, p. 305. *
melanosticta Desm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 468.
metaleuca Lam. H mps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 479.
metaphaea Lam. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 479.
mimica Perat. Aur. II. C'entr. Afr. Exp. 1 (4), p. 1266. *
minima Pydna Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 486.
minuta Pydna Holl. Psycke 6, p. 489.
mixta Antk. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 182. *
modesta Scran. Holl. Psycke 6, p. 537.
modestus Pol. Hist. Ins. Transv. 4, p. 94. *
molesta G-rapk. Strd. Jakrb. Nassau. V. 64, p. 122.
multilineata Solw. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 439.
mus Taen. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 430.

neavei Desm. Tams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 15, p. 142.
nephocrossa Rkynch. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 3, p. 423.
nigra Subscran. Aur. Ark. 2 (4), p. 7.
nigrifasciata Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 414.
nigripuncta Turn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 258.
nigristriga Antic. Joann. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 44, p. 135.
nigrocincta Parad. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1901, p. 121. *
nigrolineata Hapl. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1901, p. 122.
nigrosparsa Pol. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 225. *
nigrovittata Pydna Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 14 (5), p. 18. *
nitens Lamor. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 427.
nitens Parad. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 556.
niveiplaga Scalm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 491.
noctuiformis Pectin. Janse Transv. Mus. 7, p. 165. *
nubifera Ckad. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 460.
nugatrix Desm. Fldr. Novara Lep. Taf. 94, F. 9.

obliqualinea Perat. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7,
p. 558.

obliquifascia Seal. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1917, p. 86. *
obscura Euryst. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 429.
obscurior Grapk. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 405.

ochraceus Pol. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 558.

oclireopicta Seal. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1917, p. 86. *

oehribasis Ckad. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 461.

ochricostata Metarct. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 417.
ochriventris Rig. Strd. Fauna Ex. 1, p. 54.
octoginta Desm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 470.
ogovensis Paratr. Holl. Ent. News 4, p. 342. *
olivacea Eur. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 429.
olivacea Perat. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 406.
olivaceofusca Brack. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 260. *
olivaceomicans Diast. Strd. Arck. f. Nat. 78 A, p. 158.
oneili Graph. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 160. *
orientalis Rig. Strd. Fauna ex. 1, p. 53.
ornata Diast. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 431.
ornata Rig. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. M. 32, p. 437.

pergrisea Desm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 472.
peringueyi Antk. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 182.
persimilis Ckad. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 463.
phyllocampa Hopl. Trimen, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1909, p. 4. *
phragmatoeciodes Turn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 257. *
plagosa Ckad. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 252. *

platti Desm. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 190. *
plumitarsus Polel. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 230. *
polioplaga Sten. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 472.
poliostrota Som. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 463.
postica Hopl. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. M. 7, p. 1750.
pratti Seal. Kenr. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1917, p. 86. *
pi'incei Leucoph. Grunbg. D. E. Z. 1909, p. 131.
privata Argyr. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 407.
propinqua Desm. Holl. Psycke 6, p. 487.
prothoracalis Scran. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 1911 A (4), p. 121.
psecas Cleapa Hrc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 7, p. 78.
pulverea Parad. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 478.
pulverulenta Desm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 472.
punctata Alenopk. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 418.
punctum Fentonin. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 421.

quadripunctata Scranc. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 425.

radiata Diast. Aur. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 18, p. 240.
rectangulata Stenost. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 430.
rectilinea Grapk. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 405.
rectilinea Hopl. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 422.
rhabdophora Pydna Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 487.
rhodeosemena Antk. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7,
p. 554.

rivata Desm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 466.
roseitincta Pyg. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 163. *
rosinaria Ckad. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 461.
rubrifascia Pydna Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 486.
rubritincta Pydna Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 485.
ruficosta Antk. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 477.
rufisquamata Turn. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 488.
rufovittata Antk. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 22, p. 122.
rufula Scalm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 494.

sagittata Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 411.
sagittata Scran. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 424.
semiflava Ckad. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 462.
serena Gal. Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 21, p. 363. *
sericea Diast. Fldr. Novara Lep. Taf. 94, Fig. 8.
sesamioides Noth. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 485.
signata Rynchoph. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 2 (4), p. 2. *
signifera Norr. Holl. Psycke 6, p. 488.
simplex Diast. Wkr. List. Lep. Ilet. Br. M. 3, p. 766.
simplex Euryst. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 429.
singularis Paraph. Aur. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 18, p. 241.
sjoestedti Lept. Aur. Aik. f. Zool. 2 (4), p. 3. *
sjoestedti Stamm. Aur. Kilim. -Meru Exp. p. 20. *
sparsata Antiz. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 437.
spiritalis Cerura Hist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 3, p. 464.
spissilinea Perat. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Tr. 68, p. 723.
spurcata Diast. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. M. 31, p. 298.
squalidula Trick. Strd. Arck. f. Nat. 77 A (4), p. 121.
squamipennis Desm. Holl. Psycke 6, p. 490.
steniptera Desm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 471.
stictica Scran. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 480.
stigmatica Phyc. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 208. *
strigata Pydna Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 3 (1), p. 7.
strigipennis Alat. Strd. Arck. f. Nat. 78 A 6, p. 167.
subapicalis Trot. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 440.
subrosea Scran. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 423.
swierstrae Cerura Hist. Entomologist. 35, p. 213.

tanda Epicer. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 557.
tephraea Turn. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 555.
tessmanni Grapk. Strd. Jakrb. Nassau. V. 64, p. 122.
thalassina Desm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 470.
transversa Ogov. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 438.
triangularis Euryst. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 429.
tricliosa Desm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat Hist. (8) 5, p. 471.
tricolor Antk. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. M. 3, p. 688.
trifasciata Zana Hmps. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1909, p. 118. *
tripuncta Desm. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 189. *
trisignata Trich. Strd. Arck. f. Nat. 77 A (4), p. 120.
tristicolor Anth. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 433.
trivitta Diast. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 475.

uncifera Chad. Hmps, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 459.
uniformis Desm. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 412.
uniformis Epipkal. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 418.
uniformis Lopk. Swinh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 208.

varia Desm. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 187. *
variegata Alenopk. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 2 (4), p. 4. *

444 Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Notodontidae.

verualis Desm. Hist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 205.
vilis Paratr. Hull. Ent. News 4, p. 343.
violacearia Pyg. Janse, Transv. Mus. 7, p. 163. *
viridipennis Staur. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 1912 A (6), p. 170.
viridipulverea Chad. Gaede, Seitz Macro] ep. 14, p. 419.
viridis Macron. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 397.
viridis Scran. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 424.
viriditincta Somer. Strd. Arch, f. Nat. 78 A (6), p. 160.

vittata Rig. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. M. 5, p. 1079.
voeltzkowi Pyg. Aur. Madagascar p. 336. *

woerdeni Rig. Snell. Tijdschr. v. E. 15, p. 45. *

xanthogyna Scalm. Hm-ps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 493.
xylochroa Garg. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 48
xylostola Fent. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 47

CO LO

MEGALOPYGIDAE; PSYCHARIUM. Introduction by W. Horr.

445

16. Family: Megalopygidae.

This particularly American family is only represented in Africa by the genus Somabrachys Kirby which
occurs in the Mediterranean northern regions of that continent and was therefore dealt with in Vol. II (p. 335
to 336, pi. 50) of this work. However, since the publication of the said volume many new species have been
added to the genus, the number of which amounts now to almost thirty; but later on they were reduced again
to but three species ( aegrota Klg., infuscata Klg., chretieni Obth.), because they alone could be safely distinguished
on a morphological basis. One of the best marks of distinction is the position of the first median vein (R 1,
vein 6) on the forewing, having its base in aegrota above the cell-media, in infuscata below the cell-media,
whereas in chretieni it represents the prolongation of the cell-media. (Cf. Dr. K. Jordan in Novit. Zoolog. 23
p. 350—358, 1916.)

Recent investigations have proved the other species that had been described as African Megalopygidae
not to be maintainable in the position assigned to them. They are insects the figures of which, in opposition
to their authors, already distinctly characterized them as Psychidae or Cossidae. In the following lines we deal
with two species which we can by no means distinguish at first sight as non- Megalopygidae, but only by means
of a precise morphological comparison. Both the species are Phaudinae, a subordinate family of the Z ygaenidae
which are very common in Africa.

1. Genus: Psycliarium H.-Schdff.

Herrich-Schaffer has not assigned any position to the only species established by him. Aurivillius
(1894) placed it to the Megalopygidae, Hampson (1901) temporarily to the Arctiidae, Dyar dk Strand (1913)
to the Megalopygidae, Janse (1917) also to the latter, Strand (1919) to the Arctiidae, and Jordan (1928) to the
Zygaenidae. It was only the latter author, however, who produced well-founded proofs for his statement, and
we can hardly question his arguments which are as follows: frons of Psycharium as broad as that of Anomoeotes
(Zyg.), broader than the eye and not narrower, as in the Megalopygidae ; female antenna at the base flattened
and broader than high, instead of laterally compressed as in the Megalopygidae, and each segment ventrally
curved apicad, the angles projecting distad; the chaetosema, which is small and lateral in the Megalopygidae,
is in Psycharium a belt from one side to the other, similar though not identical with Anomoetes ; the mesonotum
is in front in the middle compressed as in the Zygaenidae, whereas in the Megalopygidae it is convex with a
depression on each side (Nov. Zool. 34, p. 135 — 136, 1928). — These details prove the position of Psycharium
to be near Anomoeotes, though they do not show a distinct separation of the Z ygaenidae from the Megalopygidae
for instance with regard to the chaetosema which, according to the same author (1. c.), may be entirely absent
in the Zygaenidae ( Pompostolinae ) or gradually developed from a small roundish spot with radiate bristles to
a completely scaled belt with short bristles. With respect to the veins there may occur a conformity of the two
families in certain species, which is hardly to be explained as being casual, for instance between Psycharium
and Vescoa (an American Megalopygida) ; the American species lack the bifurcation of the cell-media, whereas
in Somabrachys it is present. This is not the place to deal with all these questions more exhaustively, particularly
since many biological details are still to be investigated.

P. pellucens H.-Schdff. (79 d) is a blackish hyaline species with narrow wings which are strewn with pelluccns.
blackish, short, bristly hairs. The forewing shows a rudimentary marking of black and white hairs: a black

446

PERROTIA. By W. Hopp.

tamatavana.

roundish spot at the cell-end, distally edged with white, 4 small white spots in the apical portion, a black roundish
spot below the cell, likewise with lateral white irroration, all being very indistinct. Costal margin whitish.
Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs scantily clad with whitish-grey and brown thin hairs. Antennae whitish;
without visible pinnae. The abdominal segments are clothed with bristles beneath the hah’, as in the Megci-
lopygidae and some Phauclinae. Of the rare species only females are known hitherto, from Cape Town, Grahams-
town and Natal; the imagines exhibit an unwieldy flight by day, on the slopes of mountains in the Protea
Region. Nothing is known of the biology.

2. Genus: I*era*©tia Oberth.

The only species belonging to this genus was considered by Oberthur to be aMadagassic Megalopygida,
but Jordan’s recent examination of this insect (1. c. p. 132) proved it to be a Zygaenida, likewise belonging
to the Phaudinae and allied to the genus Anomoeotes from which, however, it is separated by the thick, relatively
short antennal pinnae, the thick body, and the veins, particularly the absence of the first radial branch of the
hindwing (R1 = vein 6) and the long stalk of the costal and subcostal (Sc 2) of the hindwing. The fore wing
lacks the retinaculum.

P. tamatavana Obth. has black thin legs, with very hairy femora, on the underside light yellowish-brown.
Thorax blackish -brown, collar yellowish. Abdomen yellowish-brown, at the anus a small dark brown spot.
Wings above and beneath reddish-brown. Hindwing somewhat lighter. Only the male is known hitherto
from the surroundings of Tamatava, Madagascar.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the Ethiopian Megalopygidae.
* signifies that the form is also figured at the place quoted.

pellucens Psych. H.-Schdff. AuBereurop. Schmett., p. 76, f. 461, 1855. *
tamatavana Perr. Overth. Et. Lep. Comp. XIX, p. 153, 1922. *

LIMACODIDAE. General Topics by Dr. A. Seitz

4 4 7

18. Family; limacodidae.

The family of the Limacodidae, which name was recently changed to Cochlidionidaa after the generic
name of Limacodes had disappeared, and hereafter by Hampson (1920) into Heterogeneidae, sometimes also called
Cochlidiidae, Cochliopodae or Cocliopodes, are so very characteristic that hardly anything is to be added to
what had been said about the characters of the family in 1912 (Vol. II, p. 339). We are not any better informed
today of their phylogenetic relations than we were 25 years ago. Very probably they are to some extent
connected with the Chryso polomid ae, judging from the imagines alone. They were also supposed to be related
to the Megalopygidae. There are many facts arguing in favour of the Limacodidae being a very old lepidopteral
branch which was formerly much more widely distributed than today. Among the Limacodidae there are extremely
few that fly in daytime; only the species of the colder districts, such as the 3 European *) forms, regularly
fly in daytime. Many fly very late at night, such as the Indian Scopelodes which often fly to the lantern as
the last insects.

The Limacodidae are not protected by interior saps; they seem not to occur particularly on poisonous
plants, but to prefer rather foliage trees of the most varied families of plants, frequently also fruit-trees to
which they may do great harm. In Australia they constantly feed on Eucalyptus, in Europe on oaks, in Africa
on species of Myrica, in America on maples, in temperate Africa on oranges, and in nearly all the countries where
Prunaceae (particularly apricots) are introduced, the Limacodidae are to be found on these trees. By preferring
the indigenous trees of the countries they prove to be autochthonous in these countries, especially in Australia,
and not to have immigrated in later times. Their universal range (in the tropical zones they are only absent
in New Zealand) likewise argues in favour of their old age.

Africa appears to be the country most relatively abounding in Limacodidae, whereas Europe shows
the fewest forms. America is rather poorly provided with them, but in India and Australia they belong to the
most common insects. Thus they live particularly in those districts which (owing to their other fauna and flora)
are regarded as the home of the oldest animal families.

The absence of an interior protection necessitates an exterior one the more, which is attained by adap¬
tation. Many larvae look like gall-shaped thickenings of leaves, and the effectiveness of this protection is
experienced by every one who tries to collect the larvae in strange districts where the collector is not used to their
appearance. Across the dorsum of the Javanese larva of Thosea loesa a thick, plastically profiled yellow longi¬
tudinal stripe extends, which exactly grows into the rib of the leaf, when the larva is in its usual resting
position, so that this rib continues the dorsal stripe of the larva in front and behind, and thus completely hides
the insect. In exactly the same way the larva of the Australian Dorati f era casta conceals itself by the skilful
adaptation of its dorsal stripe which resembles the rib of a leaf.

Wherever the larvae are not adapted, they are protected in the way mentioned in Vol. II (1. e.), and
their sting often has a very evil effect. In this case the green protective colouring of the larva is substituted
by a bright warning colour, as for instance in the black Australian Doratijera quadriguttata which is provided
with red stinging cones. During the pupation the pupa is no longer able to sting, therefore at once the protective
colouring is resumed again. Thus the evil-stinging larva of Doratifera vulnerans spins a cocoon which every
unexperienced collecter may take to be a small fruit of the food-plant, because its shape and exterior are
somewhat like an acorn and it is fixed on the branchlets of the trees just like a xylocarp.

The imagines themselves are nearly all most effectively protected by their colouring, as we have
particularly pointed out in dealing with the genus Parasa (Vol. II, p. 345). In the other genera the species

*) Besides Cochl. testudo and Heterog. asella, also C. codeti was ascertained in Europe (by M. Mabten).

448

GENERAL TOPICS. By Dr. A. Seitz.

are not adapted to green leaves but to branches of trees or to the bark, for instance in the Tryphax and Gtenolita.
Dry, rolled-up leaves are also imitated (Scopelodes), and some Limacodid lepidoptera settle on blades or leaves,
round and enveloped in their wings so that they look like small fruits or withered buds fallen to the ground.

It is natural that we cannot expect any mimicry in a family so phylogenetically old as the Limacodidae
undoubtedly are. We are the more surprised to find certain resemblances to colourings exhibited by certain
lepidoptera! species from other families. I remind the readers of the quite unmistakable consistency of Gasphalia
nigridorsa (75 b) in West Africa with the Caryatis syntomina (18 a) originating from the same district and having
hitherto been classified with the Arctiids. The neuration of the latter species, however, is so strangely different
(cf. p. 112) that we must put aside this case as being utterly unsolved until we are better informed of the true
relationship of the syntomina. We might add still more examples in which the resemblance with lepidoptera
of other groups in the African Limacodidae is so great that it cannot be supposed to be accidental. But we must
bear in mind that many of these resemblances are much more superficial than we are used to find in the
acknowledged cases of mimicry. So for instance Prolatoia sjostedti (75 e) resembles Aganais borbonica-^ (17 b),
though very superficially. The difference in size, which is not decisive in cases of mimicry, is no disproof; but
the basal orange of the fore wing is here situate on the inner margin, in Aganais below the costa; but then the
two forms live geographically far apart : sjostedti in Cameroon and borbonica in Madagascar ; and it is particularly
Aganais speciosa (17 a) from Cameroon, being the most closely allied to borbonica, which exhibits not the least
resemblance with the Limacodidae. In the same way we find in the resemblance of Eccopa oculita (75 f) with the
American Automolis priscilla (Vol. VI, pi. 51 h) that the ecological incongruity excludes every biological
relationship; the same fact is proved by analogous cases from the African fauna. Thus a great resemblance
of the African Per. geometrica is shown to American forms of Apantesis, which may be well compared with
the resemblance of Ancarista laminifer (1 a) to the neotropical Gerrodes minataea (Vol. VII. pi. 1 k). In both
cases the similar species live in different parts of the world.

By far more interesting than the imagines are the larvae of the Limacodidae, which we have already
mentioned. Certainly we know the least about them just from the African fauna, and the details about the
larvae from the other faunae have been communicated in the Volumes II, VI and X. A common character
is their hunched shape, the ground-plan of which is frequently a smoothly edged oval, but which often also
represents fringy contours owing to lateral coniform appendages. In addition there are the clavate morning-
star shaped cones which usually contain the nettle organ and which are chiefly situate on the anterior and
posterior parts of the larvae and between which there is often a saddle-shaped marking of the mediodorsum.
It is an unintelligible fact that old authors, presumably by mistaking the cocoons, have considered such larvae, as
for instance those of the South-American Sibine- species, to be the larvae of quite different lepidoptera, such as
Geometrids ( cephise , aterea etc.) or Syntomids ( Agyrta micilia). — This erroneous conjecture about the early
stages also overthrows the only really doubtful resemblances e. g. between Agyita micilia and Cacostatia
flaviventralis as referring to Limacodidae.

The saddle-marking of the Limacodid larvae may be quite uncommonly complicated. So for instance
in the dangerous Doratijera vulnerans from Australia it forms the yellow warning spot brightly contrasting
with the dark violet ground, by which I myself was often guarded against the stings of the larvae, when

incautiously turning over leaves of Eucalyptus in the surroundings of Sydney, whereas I was several times

stung by the hidden larvae of Parasa consocia in China and of Sibene in Brazil, when I unintentionally came
in touch with them. Sometimes the nettle-organs themselves are specially provided with glaring colours, e. g.
in Parasa sky-blue and in some Doratijera scarlet, so that they cannot be excelled in their protective virtue.

In those cases mentioned above, where the protective shape is substituted by adaptation, the Limacodid
larva most accurately adapts itself to the place where it lies. Even strangely shaped galls are imitated with

the very same life-likeness as the usual oviform or broadly elliptical oak-apples by the larva of the European

Gochliodes. Thereby some species exhibit almost globular larvae, as for instance those of the very common
Indian Nemeta lohor. Others again, such as the larvae of the nearctic Euclea cippus, resemble those of other
groups of insects. All, however, as far as they are known, invariably accomodate the pupa (which is always
provided with separate covers for the limbs) in a very regular cocoon in which the larva reposes for some time
as a provisional pupa and from which the emerging imago severs a small, quite equally cut lid, in a similar way
as most of the saw-flies (e. g. Lophyrus pini) do.

Family: Umaco«li<lae (Cochliopodidae, Cochlidionidae).

By Dr. Martin Hering.

By the presence of the third inner-marginal vein (analis, l c) the Limacodidae are distinguished from
most of the macrolepidopteral families and are thereby to be recognized as a primitive family. In the forewing
different veins maybe forked with each other, generally the veins 7—9, to which often vein 10 is added; sometimes
also 2 and 3 are stalked. In some genera vein 11, immediately after its origin, is very convex in front where

Publ. 24. X. 1928.

TAEDA; PHDEBODICHA. By Dr. M. Hebing.

449

it is nearing vein 12. In the hindwing vein 8 is connected with the anterior edge of the cell by a cross- vein
or it anastomoses with it for a more or less long distance. Veins 6 and 7 rise stalked or from the same base,
very rarely separated. The antennae of the are often bipectinate in the basal portions, then bare, more rarely
entirely pectinate, laminiformly dentate or quite bare. The palpi are excessively long in but few genera, in the
others of medium length, projecting beyond the frontal hair-tuft, or still shorter. The proboscis is stunted.

The hind tibiae exhibit middle and terminal spurs or only the latter. Frenulum invariably present, in one genus
set with spatulate scales. Externally the imagines are recognizable by a certain dull silky lustre of the under
surface, from which the veins stand out.

About 250 of the 900 species described occur in the Ethiopian region. As the generic question is still
unsolved in many cases and the author together with W. Hopp is preparing a monography on the family, these
questions have not yet been scrutinized here, which will be done in a special treatise later on. We have, on
the whole, followed the arrangement of van Eecke in Lepidopterorum Catalogus Pars 32 (1925), adding only
the most necessary alterations. The correct generic classification may be reserved to later examinations of
the types.

1. Genus: Tacria Wllngr.

Antennae in both sexes bipectinate to the tips, hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the forewing all the
veins rise separately from the cell, only 8 -|- 9 being forked. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 are very distantly
separated. Most of the species exhibit a green ground-colour of the fore wing.

T. aetitis Wllgr. (= albipuncta Drc., argentifera Ww.) (73 a). Forewing green, near the base with a aetitis.
group of yellowish or whitish spots edged with red-brown, a similar spot outside at the cross-vein, a curved row
of similar spots from the tornus to the apex, quickly decreasing and disappearing anteriorly. Costal margin
fine yellow. Hindwing in all transitions from ochreous to brownish-black. Abdomen and under surface
ochreous, thorax above green. Transvaal, Natal, German South-West Africa. Distinguished from prasina
by the lack of the silver gloss on the spots in the forewing.

T. prasina Bilr. (73 a). Similar to aetitis, the spots in the forewing with a distinct silver gloss, excepting prasina.
the inner ones of the group near the base. The spot at the cell-end extends into the cell and is mostly broken
up into 3 spots. Hindwing ochreous. East Africa.

T. gemmans Flclr. (73 a). Forewing green, a triangular spot at the tornus, a small spot at the cross- gemmans.
vein and the basal area violettish- brown. The basal area outside with a yellow dot. Hindwing pale yellowish
or greenish. Cape Colony, Natal, Delagoa Bay.

T. punctistriga Weym. Eorewing yellowish-brown, outside more yellowish, with a white dot in the puncti-
centre, 3 white dots between the centre and the distal margin, being arranged in a bow, and a fifth below them slriga
above the tornus. Dots edged with a darker brown. Fringe ochreous. Hindwing ochreous, at the base with
miniate hairs, outside dusted with brown, with a curved row of 5 oblong dark brown dots before the termen
between the veins. Under surface ochreous, at the base and costal margin orange-red, the wings with a series
of brown dots before the margin. Body yellowish-brown, abdomen reddish-yellow, in front and behind with
red hair. Expanse: 33 mm. Only one <$ known from Benguela. (Not before me.)

T. pusilla Auriv. Forewing fawn-coloured, with a trapezoidal silvery spot surrounded by brown before pusilla.
the inner margin which projects lobately posteriorly before the middle. From the apex of this spot a straight
dark shadow proceeds to the apex, accompanied by a row of dark dots. Hindwing pale yellow, outside somewhat
darkened. Body yellowish, thorax above brown. Expanse: 24 mm. Cape Colony. (Not before me.)

2. Genus: l*lileborfich» Karsch.

As in the preceding genus, veins 6 and 7 of hindwing distantly separated, 3 and 4 nearer together. In
the forewing 10 forked with the stalk of 8 -|- 9. Antennae of $ notched, the notchings with ciliary pencils. Hind
tibiae with 2 pair of spurs.

P. afflata Karsch (73a). Forewing lemon-coloured; inner margin, an almost triangular costal-marginl afflata.
spot before the apex and on the inner margin a transverse spot not reaching to the costal margin violettish
red-brown. Hindwing and abdomen yellowish ochreous, thorax above sometimes violettish- brown. Togo,

Cameroon. — In extensa siibsp. n. (73 a) the dark costal-marginal spot extends yet around the apex, the exiensa.
transverse spot near the base is only indicated as a shadow and inside not distinctly defined. Male t}q:>e from
Cameroon, Dolodorf, in the Berlin State Museum.

P. brunnescens sp. n. (73 a). Similar to afflata, but the ground-colour of the forewing is brownish brunnes-
ochreous, on the inner margin there is a red-brown spot extending into the cell, though it does not cover the
whole as in afflata but only two thirds of the inner margin. Margin somewhat more convex. Under surface and
hindwing darker brownish ochreous, body dark ochreous, thorax above red-brown. Cameroon. Male type
in the Berlin State Museum (leg. Schafer, Japoma).

XIV

57

450

RHYPTEIRA; COSUMA; SCOTINOOHROA. By Dr. M. Hering

ignorata

secunda

sudanensis.

sordida.

r a go sci.

marginata

polana.

inconse-

quens.

minor.

P. ignorata sp. n. (73 a). Darker than brunnescens, the dark costal-marginal spot before the apex
much broader, the dark basal spot is continued in a narrow curved line around the costal-marginal spot
to the apex. Ground-colour wood-brown, markings darker red- brown. Hindwing grey. Under surface yellowish
to grey. Togo, New Cameroon. Male type from Togo in the Berlin State Museum (Coll. Oberthur).

P. secunda Strd. (73 a). Still darker than ignorata, margin of forewing straighter. Forewing reddish-
brown, markings as in ignorata, not very distinct, costal-marginal spot defined by a greyish-white line. The
curved stripe to the apex is nearer to the margin than in the preceding species. Hindwing and under surface
deep black. Body above black, beneath yellowish, thorax above dark red-brown. Spanish Guinea, Cameroon.

P. sudanensis sp. n. (73 a). Larger and with broader wings than the preceding species, margin of forewing
very convex. Ground-colour of forewing light red-brown, markings distinct, dark red-brown. The triangular
spot at the costal margin not surrounded by light, the curved line to the apex from the basal spot to the apex
is situate nearer to the margin than in ignorata. Hindwing brownish grey. Under surface yellowish grey, forewing
towards the base darkened. Southern Sudan. + $ types from Tembura in the Berlin State Museum (Coll.
Oberthur), in December.

3. Genus: ItSiypieira Holl.

Antennae of C in the basal halves with long double pinnae, in the terminal halves quite bare like those
of the $. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the forewing veins 4 and 5 are distantly separated, 7 forked with
the stalk of 8 + 9, 10 remote and straight. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 from the same place, 8 before the
middle of the cell connected with it by an oblique cross-vein, the cell below y2 of the wing. Apex of forewing
obtuse and much rounded off.

R. sordida Holl. (= apiceplagiata Beth.-B.) (73 b). Forewing brownish-grey, Avith a circular dark grey
spot in the apex, being more distinct and blacker towards the base, an indistinct dentate line before and
sometimes behind the centre, and a black fine dot at the cell-end. Hindwing somewhat greyer than forewing.
Under surface somewhat lighter, abdomen yellowish-brown. Wings of $ somewhat broader than those of <$.
Togo, Cameroon.

4. Genus: Cossuna Wkr.

Antennae of $ either uniformly pectinated to the tips ( polana ) or in the basaTportions with long pinnae,
in the distal halves with short ones, in the $ very shortly dentate. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. Veins of
forewing similar as in the preceding genus, in the hindwing 6 and 7 stalked or from the same place, between 8
and the cell a cross-vein far before the centre, behind it 8 far in front with drawing from the cell.

C. rugosa Wkr. (73 b). Forewing ochreous brown, towards the inner margin yellow, this light portion
of the wing traversed by a straight dark oblique streak directed upon a very conspicuous yellow cell-end spot.
Hindwing varying from yellowish to blackish. Thorax above yellow, abdomen brownish. From French Guinea
to Cameroon, in Gabun, Southern Sudan, and Uganda.

C. marginata Holl. Antennae of G as in the following polana. Forewing olive brown, with a conspi¬
cuous yellow discal dot. Hindwing paler, at the base and anal margin ochreous, both wings with a marginal
row of yellow spots. Beneath the yellow spots larger. Thorax above like the forewing. Abdomen ochreous.
East Africa, Uganda.

C. polana Drc. (73 b). Forewing sulphur-coloured, veins and a curved line from the cross-vein to the
inner margin violettish brown. The forewing is often predominantly brown, with a yellow spot at the base
of the inner margin and at the cell-end. Hindwing yellow, with darker veins. Fast Africa.

5. Genus: Scotiiiochroa Btlr.

Neuration the same as in the preceding genus, antennae with longer and more uniform pectinations.
Palpi very long, falcate, second joint very long, obliquely bent up, third joint half the length of the second.
The genus having remained unknown to me is said to be allied to Zinara.

Sc. inconsequens Btlr. Forewing reddish chocolate-brown, strewn with lustrous scales of a grey leather-
colour; a D-shaped spot at the cell-end, connected with a slanting irregular one from the costal margin before
the apex to the inner margin. At its upper end it is narrowest and inwardly curved. The spot and band are
outside whitish-brown and inside of grey leather-colour, towards the base defined by black shadows and outside
by a black line; the band is inside zigzag-shaped, outside undulated. It is followed by a similar transverse spot
which, however, is not yellow inside. Hindwing pale silken reddish, in a certain light somewhat greenish, the
anal margin and the base of the fringe brown or auburn. Expanse: 28 mm. Nyassaland, February.

Sc. minor Hmps. (73 c). Body light and dark brown mixed with yellow. Forewing light brown, strewn
with dark brown and rough silvery scales; an indistinct dark spot below the origin of vein 2. Postmedian area
whitish ochreous with an indistinct band of dark and silvery scales, at the lower cell-angle almost spot-like,

CHRYSAMMA; HILIPODA; TRYPHAX; GEPHYROPHORA. By Dr. M. Hebing.

451

then excurved. A curved subterminal band of spots with dark and silvery scales from the costal margin to vein 2.

At the apex a dark brown spot. Hindwing yellow, with a reddish tint, fringes at the ends darker red. Under
surface yellow, forewing suffused with reddish. Expanse: 18 mm. Somaliland, April.

6. Genus: C'lirysamma Karsch.

Antennae in the <$ long-combed to the tips, in the $ almost bare. Palpi short, porrect. Hind tibiae
with 1 pair of spurs. In the hindwing vein 8 near the base connected with the cell by a cross- vein, 6+7 stalked:
in the forewing 7 forked with the stalk of 8 + 9, vein 10 straight.

Ch. purpuripulcra Karsch (= purpuripulchra v. cl. E.) (73 b). Forewing in the basal two thirds purple purpuri-
red, densely strewn with dark brown and silver, in the distal third of a glaring yellow colour, with an arcuate pulcra

row of black dots. Hindwing unicoloured yellow, but often in the basal two thirds red. Under surface sulphur
coloured, basally more or less red. French Guinea to Cameroon, Transvaal, Southern Sudan, German East
Africa, range probably still larger.

7. Genus: Hllipoda Karsch.

$ with plain antennae, palpi very short. Hind tibiae with one pair of very short spurs. In the hindwing
vein 8 near the base connected with the cell by a cross-vein, 6 + 7 stalked. In the forewing 7 forked with the
stalk of 8 + 9, 10 straight. But one female has been ascertained.

H. gravidipes Karsch (73 b). Thorax above green, abdomen ochreous. Forewing green, with a broad gravidipes .
red-brown marginal band and a broad longitudinal stripe from the base. Hindwing and under surface ochreous,
abdomen beneath red-brown. Togo.

8. Genus: Trypliax Karsch.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, with shaggy hair. Palpi thick, distinctly projecting beyond the frontal
tuft, the last joint in the $ much longer than in the + Antennae of $ in cinereus in the basal halves with long
pinnae, in the distal halves bare, in the $ entirely bare. In the hindwing vein 8 near the base connected with
the anterior edge of the cell by a cross- vein, 6 + 7 stalked. In the forewing 7 forked with the stalk of 8 + 9,

10 straight.

T. cinertus Holl. (73 b). Forewing grey, more or less mixed with reddish-brown, markings mostly cinereus
indistinct, blackish : a zigzag line from % of the costal margin to before the centre of the inner margin, another
line begins at the costal margin between this line and the apex almost parallel to the margin, but it ends already
above the centre of the wing and is mostly continued as a row of dots close at the margin to the tornus. An
antemedian zigzag line is mostly indistinct. Hindwing grey, fringes of both wings with a yellow basal line.

Thorax above more or less yellowish. Under surface wood-brown. Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabun. (According
to Atteivillius also Natala undina Drc. belongs to this place.)

T. vigoralus Karsch (73 b). Antennae of very shortly pectinated to the tips. Forewing brownish vigoratus.
grey, markings extremely indistinct, in an oblique exposure to light we notice a red-brown transverse line
proceeding from the costal margin shortly before the apex, extending almost parallel to the margin and exhibiting
two intense indentations towards the margin, from the anterior indentation starts a more red-brown broad
transverse shadoAV not reaching to the inner margin. At the cell-end a feebly darker spot. Hindwing and under
surface lighter brownish -grey. But one male known from Togo, Misahohe.

T. uelleburgensis Strd. (73 d). Forewing light grey, almost the whole basal half red-brown, of the same uelleburgen-
colour a subterminal line which shows indentations towards the margin and which on the basal side is accom¬
panied by a broad red-brown nebulous band already from the costal margin to the inner margin ; at the interior
angle the line is connected with the margin by a brownish-red spot, at the cross- vein there is a red-brown
transverse streak. Hindwing reddish brownish-grey. Under surface of forewing brown, of hindwing vellowish-
grey, with brown internerval marginal spots, the size of which decreases much in size from the apex to the anal
angle. But one female known from Uelleburg, West Africa.

T. expers Karsch (73 d). <$ with short pectinations as in vigoratus. Described from a much flown q expers.
likewise distinguished by abundant brownish-red colouring, but the subterminal line is hardly excurved and
nearer to the margin, its proximal broad shading only begins far below the costal margin. Hindwing and under
surface lighter brownish-grey. Quango.

9. Genus: Oephyropliora Karsch.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, thinly haired. Palpi of $ and 2 long, with a long drooping distal joint.

Hindwing with a cross- vein near the base between vein 8 and the cell, 6 + 7 stalked. In the tore wing 7 stalked
with 8 + 9, 10 straight. Antennae of £ (also of $ ?) with short pectinations to the tips.

G. mitis Karsch (73 c). Forewing red-brown, strewn with a darker colour, with 2 dark transverse lines mitis.
from the costal margin before the apex, divergent towards the inner margin and distally convex. Hindwing
and under surface unicoloured red-brown. Togo.

452

MICRAPHE; CTENOLITA; CTENOCOMPA. By Dr. M. Hebotg.

later itia.

cpargy ra¬

cer do .

argyro-

bapfa.

10. Genus: Mlcraplie Karsch.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the hindwing vein 8 connected with the anterior edge of the cell
by a long ($) or punctiform anastomosis, 6 -)- 7 stalked. In the forewing 7 stalked with 8 + 9. Palpi entirely
stunted, hardly projecting. Antennae of with double short pinnae decreasing towards the tips, in the $
feebly dentate.

M. lateritia K arsch (73 f). Forewing dingy brick-red, markings blackish and indistinct: in the centre
of the wing an 8-shaped double transverse line which mostly despatches on veins 2 and 5 one longitudinal streak
each to the margin, the filling of the 8 usually lighter than the ground-colour. Hindwing and under surface red;
Described from Togo; in Zululand and more commonly in East Africa. It surely coincides with Miresa coccinea
and haemeioessa.

11. Genus: C'teiiolita Karsch.

Hind tibiae densely haired, with 2 pair of spurs. Hindwing: 8 connected with the cell by cross- vein or
anastomosis, 6 + 7 stalked. In the forewing 7 stalked with 8 + 9, 10 straight. Antennae of + with short
pectinations to the tips, in the ^ base. Legs often with silvery spots. Cf. also Susica molyhdeal

Ct. epargyra Karsch (73 d). Forewing wood-coloured red-brown, with a bluish silver irroration, an
indistinct dark, slightly curved line from the costal margin before the apex to the margin above the tornus,
still more indistinct a dark line in the centre, the basal half often entirely darkened. Hindwing and under
surface greyish-brown. The form — cerdo Karsch which flies everywhere amongst the typical forms, is distinguish¬
ed by fox-colour above on the abdomen, thorax and head which are otherwise wood-coloured brown. Togo,
Spanish Guinea, Cameroon, Gabun.

Ct. argyrobapta Karsch (73 d). Ground-colour of forewing as in the preceding species, but at once
discernible by a golden-silver spot at the inner margin near the base. A transverse line almost parallel to the
distal margin and provided with some indentations is darker, a bluish-black spot at the costal margin somewhat
basad to it. Hindwing lighter brownish-grev, under surface loamy brownish. Spanish Guinea, Cameroon,
Congo District.

auribasalis. Ct. auribasalis Holl. (73 d). Similar to argyrolapia, ground-colour of forewing more light grey, markings

dark brown, thus on the whole without distinct red-brown places. The submarginal transverse line is towards
the base accompanied by a shadow beginning only below the costal margin and widening towards the inner
margin, at the cross- vein there is a dark transverse streak, the transverse spot below the costal margin before
the transverse line small. Hindwing of a purer greyish brown, under surface light grey. Gabun.
nobilior. Ct. nobilior Holl. (73 d) is very similar to auribasalis, larger, the margin of the forewing more oblique

with a more distinct ash-grey median stripe. Ogove, Sierra Leone.
anacompa. Ct. anacompa Karsch (73 d). Forewing dark brown, the basal area being particularly darker at the

inner margin is defined by a lighter line which extends from % of the costal margin curved to y3 of the inner
margin; at the same place of the costal margin begins a dark line which in its anterior portion is distally bordered
by light and extends towards the distal margin, is angularly broken at veins 5 and 6 and then runs parallel
with the margin to the tornus. Below the costal margin near the apex a notched spot deep velvety brown, 3 vel¬
vety brown large dots near the origin of the veins between 2 and 5. Hindwing and under surface dark brown.
Fringes dark. Togo to Spanish Guinea, Southern Sudan, German East Africa.

Cf. pyrosomoides Holl. resembles cerdo, the light portions of the body are of a yellowish rust-colour.
Forewing brown, at the inner margin near the base turning yellow, with a dark transverse band of erect scales
and a similar quadiargular spot outside the cross-vein. Hinclwing pale brown. LTnder surface wax-coloured.
Expanse: 42 mm. Ogove.

Ct. chrostisa Karsch (73 e). Scheme of markings similar as in anacompa, ground-colour more mixed
with ochreous, particularly the fringe. Subterminal line more curved, with a longer light border, interior line
more sinuate. Rindwing and under surface dark brown with ochreous fringe. But one female known from
Cameroon.

Ct. habenkhti Wichgr. (73 e). Scheme of marking also like the preceding species. Forewing more
stretched and rounder, ground-colour light grey, markings red-brown, the distal transverse stripe only extends
obliquely to the centre of the wing ; interior transverse line sinuate. Hindwing, under surface and fringe grey.
Delagoa Bay.

Ct. unicolora Betli.-B. Body pale red-brown, like ,, freshly cut bark“, also the unicoloured forewing.
Hindwing pjaler, with a slight ochreous tint. ^ with pale greyish ochreous body and wings. Forewing with
erect scales all over the wing, hindwing paler. Expanse: 32 — 48 mm. Gunnal, West Africa. (It was not before
me; it is stated to be allied with pyrosomoides Holl.)

12. Genus: Clteiiocoinpa Karsch.

Hind tibia densely haired, with 1 pair of spurs. Palpi long, distal joint drooping. Antennae of d pinnate,
decreasing towards the tips, in the $ bare. In the hindwing 8 anastomoses for a short distance with the anterior
edge of the cell near the base, 6 + 7 stalked. In the forewing 7 stalked with 8 + 9, 10 straight.

pyrosomoi¬

des.

chrostisa.

habcnichii.

unicolora.

LEPID0RYT1S; BARI A ; BRACHIA; PARYPHANTA. By Dr. M. Hkring.

453

Ct. Hilda Drc. (73 e). Forewing brown, with 2 transverse lines which rise close together at the costal hilda
margin near the apex and are strongly divergent towards the inner margin. Cameroon, Spanish Guinea, Gabun.

Ct. secta Strd. (73 e). Of the two transverse lines of the preceding species the exterior one is broad secta
like a band and straight and extends to the margin above the tornus, whilst the interior one undulately notched,
at the cross- vein a black dot. Ground-colour of fore wing darker brown, that of hindwing and the under surface
still darker. Spanish Guinea.

13. Genus: Lepidorytis Auriv.

Hind tibiae thinly haired, with 2 pair of very long spurs. Palpi long, distal joint somewhat drooping.

Antennae of <$ with long pinnae as far as the tips, in the $ bare. In the hind wing vein 8 anastomoses with
the anterior edge of the cell, 6+7 are forked. In the forewing 7 rises together with the stalk of 8 + 9, veins
10 and 11 are straight.

L. sulcata Auriv. (73 c). Forewing cream-coloured, dusted with violettish reddish-brown, with silken sulcata.
transverse undulations; a transverse row of 3 brownish red spots near the base, another similar one extends
across the cell-end, usually composed of 4 spots. Hindwing and under surface from yellowish to ochreous
reddish. East Africa.

14. Genus: Haria Karsch.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, palpi moderately long, distal joint hidden. Antennae of d with one
row of apically decreasing pectinations, in the $ bare, towards the apex serrate. In the hindwing vein 8
anastomoses in one place with the anterior edge of the cell, 6 + 7 stalked. In the forewing 7 stalked with 8 + 9,

10 and 11 straight.

B. elsa Drc. (73 c). Forewing brown, with a darker basal area which is bordered by a narrow pure white elsa.
line. Apical portion likewise darker brown, in the light median area a dark line almost parallel to the border-line
of the basal area. Hindwing and under surface dark brown. Ivory Coast to Spanish Guinea.

15. Genus: ISracliia Karsch.

Hind tibiae densely haired, with 2 pair of spurs. Antennae of d bipectinate, at the tips shorter. In the
hindwing vein 8 anastomoses with the anterior edge of the cell, 6 + 7 are stalked. In the forewing 7 forked
with 8 + 9, 10 and 11 straight.

B. argyrogramma Karsch (73 f). Forewing brownish red in the basal half which is defined by a silver argyro-
line receding far basally at the inner margin, outside of it a blackish-violet transverse band, indistinctly defined, gramma.
then a dark brown, somewhat curved transverse line. Distal portion much lighter than the basal portion.

Hindwing ochreous, suffused with red. Central Africa, Angola. It is very similar to Miresa semicalida Hmps .,
but the latter exhibits a row of light spots instead of the exterior transverse line.

B. argentolineata Wichgr. is similar to the preceding species, but the distal area is light brownish- argenio-
yellow, the silver border of the basal area shows three curves, but it apparently does not recede at the inner hncata.
margin. Hindwing yellowish- white. Under surface creamy with reddish edges at the costal margin. Expanse:

28 mm. Angola. (Not before me.)

16. Genus: Parypliiiiitsi Karsch.

Hind tibiae thinly haired, with 2 pair of spurs. Antennae of as far as % bipectinate, then bare, in
the $ quite bare. Palpi moderately long, projecting beyond the frons. In the hindwing 8 anastomoses with
the anterior edge of the cell, 6+7 are stalked, in the forewing separated from 8, 10 stalked with 8 + 9 or
from the same place. Fringes very broad.

P. fimbriata Karsch (= arculinea Beth.-B.) (73 c). Forewing in the basal half olive greenish-grey, then fimbriata.
follows a light transverse band feebly parted b}^ dark, then a stripe of the colour of the basal portion, decreasing
in width at the costal and inner margins, the margin behind it grey. Hindwing and under surface grey. From
Togo, more common in German East Africa, also in Southern Sudan.

P. albovenosa sp. n. (73 c). Similar to fimbriata, somewhat smaller. Forewing of a purer grey without albovcnosa.
the olive-green tint, a white submarginal line very distinct. Veins fine whitish. Male type from Togo in the
Berlin State Museum, Cameroon, Uam District.

P. bisecta Btlr. (73 c). Forewing from olive grey to reddish brown, the basal area outside somewhat bisecta.
undulately defined by a more blackish colour, between the darker submarginal and terminal stripes a narrow
light line. East Africa, Eastern Transvaal.

P. rufilinea Beth.-B. (73 c). Forewing reddish-brown, basal area darker, straightly and obliquely cut rufilinea.
off, bordered by a fine white line. Subterminal line oblique and straight, margin reddish. Hindwing straw-
coloured. Uganda, Congo, Cameroon.

P. intacta sp. n. (73 c). Similar to rufilinea , basal area at the distal margin in the centre without an Intacta.
indentation, the red-brown subterminal stripe broader, the margin not dark. Male type from Zoutpansberg,
also from Lydenburg (Berlin State Museum), Transvaal.

454

PROBALINTHA; MAC’ROSEMYRA. By Dr. M. Bering.

orbaia.

biumbrata.

mac id at a.

separata.

rvfibasalis.

plebeia.

lessmanni.

nubilata.

pcrsonata.

i net usa.

ienebrosa.

pinguis.

marmorata.

P. orbata sp. n. (73 c). Forewing straw-colonrecl, in the centre with an oblique row of blackish, outside
white-centred dots from the inner margin to the cell, parallel to it a brownish oblique patch from the apex, not
reaching to the inner margin, a row of indistinct marginal dots. Marking in the 2 more indistinct. Hindwing
more grey. German East Africa. <+ $ types from Mkalama in the Berlin State Museum (February, March)

P. biumbrata Hmps. is similar to maculata, basal half suffused with reddish, followed by a white line,
postmedian line ochreous, between it and the subterminal line a black lunar spot below the costal margin and
the centre. At the distal margin a feeble row of black dots. Hindwing ochreous brown, dusted with blackish.
Expanse of wings: 18 mm. Natal.

P. maculata sp. n. (73 c). Forewing grey, with a slight olive tint, the dark basal area bordered by a
narrow white line, in the centre with a small indentation, marginal stripe and subterminal band dark, the latter
with a darker spot below the costal margin. type from Amani in the Berlin State Museum. East Africa,
in March.

P. separata Karsch (73 c). Forewing unicoloured brownish grey, with a whitish median band parted
by dark, without a light subterminal line. Togo, Senegal, German East Africa.

P. rufibasalis sp. n. (73 c). Forewing only with a white median band which is not parted, basal half
rusty red, distal half more wood-coloured. Tendaguru, April- June and December. $ type in the Berlin State
Museum (leg. Janensch).

In thef ollowing species the <$ antennae show but one row of pectinations.

P. plebeia Karsch (73 f) is larger than the other species of the genus. Forewing dark brown, basal area
darker, bordered by a dingy whitish line being convex towards the base. Hindwing dark brown. Cameroon,
Spanish Guinea.

P. tessmanni sp. n. (73 f) is similar to plebeia, forewing narrower, basal area chestnut-brown, less
extensive, only reaching to the cell, as well as the rather white oblique lines defining it. Under the apex at
the margin a light grey crescent. Fernando Poo. $ type from S. Isabel in the Berlin State Museum (leg.
Tessmann).

P. nubilata sp. n. (73 f.) resembles tessmanni, forewing more clouded, basal area very indistinctly
lighter defined, the marginal crescent also darker and more indistinct, sometimes all the markings obsolete.
Hindwing greyer. German East Africa. type from Nsibu in the Berlin State Museum, also from Hindi.

P. personata sp. n. (73 f). Forewing reddish-grey, clouded somewhat darker. Basal area straightly
and somewhat obliquely cut off by black. Hindwing dark grey. Cameroon. type from Lolodorf in the Berlin
State Museum.

17. Genus: l*rolmliiii!ia Wlkr.

A genus and species having remained unknown to me. Palpi short, antennae short, long-combed, at
the ends bristly. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, thickly haired. Fore wing short and narrow, apex somewhat
roundish, margin very oblique, slightly convex.

Pr. inclusa Wlcr. fawn, forewing with a slight silken gold lustre. Three black transverse lines, the
first near the base w ith a long pointed projection outward, the second and third somewhat undulating, nearing
each other towards the inner margin, between them a reddish transverse stripe, beyond the exterior line an
incomplete reddish band. Veins towards the apex and marginal line brown. Hindwing whitish, veins and fringe
pale brownish. Size: 25 mm. Natal.

18. Genus: Maerosemyra Btlr.

Antennae in both sexes plain. Palpi moderately long, distal joint hidden. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of
spurs. In the hindwing 8 anastomoses with the anterior edge of the cell, 6 + 7 are stalked. In the forewing
10 rises from the same place or stalked with 7, 7 being stalked with 8+9.

M. fenebrosa Btlr. (73 f). Lustrous grey, a dark oblique stripe extends straight from the apex to the
centre of the inner margin, where it widens, a narrow zone basally to it, and the marginal area are somewhat
lighter than the ground-colour. Markings indistinct. Madagascar.

M. pinguis Saalm. (73 f). Forewing dark brown, with a lustrous blue irroration, an irregularly thick
submarginal line which is almost parallel to the margin, and basally to it a somewhat curved, slanting line which
is divergent to the inner margin and may sometimes be reduced into a transverse spot. Hindwing and under
surface brown. Madagascar.

M. marmorata Saalm. (73 e). Forewing lustrous dark brown, near the base a distally oblique transverse
stripe, an undulating transverse line beyond the centre, a short transverse stripe at the apex and tornus.
Markings blackish, outside bordered by light. Madagascar. (Unknown to me.)

PROSTERNIDIA; CROTHAEMA; SPORETOLEPIS; ZINARA. By Dr. M. Hering.

455

M. exsanguis Saalm. (73 g). Forewing ochreous, faded brownish at the base, costal margin, and more exsawjuis.
intensely at the distal margin. A transverse row of 4 red-brown dots extends obliquely across the cell-end.

Hindwing ochreous. Madagascar. (Unknown to me; it presumably does not belong into this genus; hind
tibiae also only thinly haired.)

M. strigata Mab. (73 g). Forewing brownish ochreous, with a narrow brown, somewhat excurved sirigata.
transverse line before the margin, towards the base a blackish straight line outside bordered with white and
somewhat divergent with it. Hindwing and under surface greyish ochreous. Madagascar.

M. ecclesiastica sp. n. (73 g). Body and hindwing dark purple brown, forewing somewhat darker, with ecdesiasli-
a violet tint, the darkest the basal half which is divided from the distal half by an oblique transverse line; at
the same place with it begins at the costal margin before the apex a strongly divergent subapical line extending
to the centre of the margin. Madagascar. 6 <$<$, 1 $ in the Berlin State Museum.

19. Genus: JPr«sternl<lia Saalm.

Antennae of <$ to the tips with short double pinnae. Palpi slightly longer than the frontal tuft.

Hind tibiae densely haired, with 2 pairs of spurs. In the hindwing vein 8 anastomoses with the anterior
edge of the cell, 6 + 7 stalked; in the forewing 10 almost from the same place as the stalked 7 — -9.

P. metallica Saalm. (73 g). Forewing purple brown, with a dark submarginal line defining the silvery metallica.
marginal area. Basad to it a divergent silver line to the inner margin, often only representing an oblique
streak on the inner margin, the area between both being often lighter. Hindwing straw-coloured more or
less tinted with purple. Madagascar.

20. Genus: Crotliaema Btlr.

Antennae in <$ and $ with short pectinations, the dents with ciliary tufts. Palpi slightly projecting
beyond the frontal tuft. Hind tibiae with appressed hair, with 2 pair of spurs. In the hindwing vein 8 not
stalked, 6 and 7 separated. In the forewing 7 as well as 10 far remote from the stalked 8+9.

C. decorata Dist. (73 g). Forewing violettish-pink, with a yellow admixture surrounded by rusty decorata.
brownish at the base, in the centre and at the apex, a silver oblique line from the cell towards the inner margin,
forming the border of the basal area, and a silver streak at the cross- vein. Hindwing reddish ochreous, like
the under surface. S and $ similar. Transvaal, Natal.

C. gloriosa sp. n. (73 g). In the scheme of markings similar to decorata, costal margin of forewing more gloriosa.
curved, distal margin more oblique. Ground-colour dark pink, at the apex the double spot is parted, with
brown veins. Hindwings and under surface dark pinkish-red, all the fringes ochreous. Abdomen red. L. Nyassa.

$ type from Langenburg in the Berlin State Museum.

C. sericea Btlr. Fore wing silken pink, a spot at the base of the costal margin, a broad irregular and sericca.
interrupted slanting discal spot and a slanting apical spot bronze green, edged with white. Hind wing salmon-
coloured. Thorax bronze green, abdomen pinkish red. Under surface rosy red. Costal margins, apices, and
legs yellowish. Expanse: 38 mm. Madagascar. (Unknown to me.)

21. Genus: Sporetolcpis Karsch.

Antennae of $ bipectinate to the tips, decreasing in length. Palpi short. Hind tibiae with 1 pair of
spurs. In the hindwing vein 8 anastomoses with the cell, 6 + 7 stalked. In the forewing 10 stalked with 7
and 8+9.

Sp. subpellucens Karscli (73 g). Wings somewhat transparent. Forewing whitish-grey, between the subpellu-
apex and cell three arcuate lines rounded parallel to the apex, the innermost being very broad at the costal
margin. Directly behind the cell-end from vein 6 to the inner margin an arcuate row of 6 velvety brown spots
parted by the yellow veins. Hindwing violettish-brown with yellow veins, under surface the same. Body
violettish-brown, sides, head and thorax in front yellow. Cameroon.

Sp. venusta sp. n. (73 g). Forewing purple brownish, with 2 rows of ochreous spots towards the base venusta.
bordered with brown, the interior row oblique and straight through the posterior third of the cell, the exterior
row distally convex, rather remote from the cell. Hindwing loam-coloured, veins above and beneath not marked,
forewing beneath darkened by grey. Cameroon. G type from Ngoko Station, April, also from Yaunde.

22. Genus: Zinara Wkr.

The generic type being unknown to me, the diagnose Avas based upon the two following species probably
belonging to this genus. Antennae of q as far as the middle with long double pinnae, then bare. Palpi moderately
long. Hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. In the hindwing \rein 8 shortly anastomoses with the anterior edge of
the cell, 6 + 7 are stalked, in the forewing 7 is stalked with 8+9, 10 remote.

SUSICA; THOSEA; By Dr. M. Hering.

nervosa.

discophora.

recurvata.

bilineata.

unilineata.

ploeizi.

confusa.

molybdea.

pyrocausta .

456

Z. nervosa Wkr. Forewing rusty brown, irregularly speckled with black, with a curved black transverse
stripe near the base, a black spot near the inner margin before the centre, outside bordered broad and irregularly
by ash-grey, a pale ash-grey postmedian transverse line not reaching to the costal margin. Veins in the distal
area pale ash-grey. Hindwing and under surface ash-grey. Costal margins beneath blackish. Expanse:
19 mm. Congo.

Z. discophora Hmps. (73 h). Forewing ochreous, densely dusted with brown and blackish. Above the
inner margin near the base a large pale yellowish spot, surrounded by a jet-black line. Discal area at the inner
margin more reddish, with a whitish, somewhat sinuate line from the cell to the inner margin, on the cross- vein
some black dots. Postmedian line indistinct, pale, below the costal margin somewhat excurved, then incurved.
Between it and the apex a reddish spot with 3 black longitudinal streaks. Apex whitish, with a black marginal
band projecting towards the base below the reddish spot and ending there. Hindwing suffused with red-brown,
an indistinct dark line, from the costal margin below the centre to the margin, a somewhat brownish marginal
line. Under surface grey, dusted brown and blackish. Rhodesia.. In the habitus somewhat similar to 7j. ploetzi.

Z. recurvata Hmps. Body red-brown, slightly mixed with grey. Fore wing red. brown, mixed with
grey and dusted with dark, interior half of the basal area chocolate-brown. A feeble, straight, whitish shadow
from the costal margin beyond the centre to vein 2, continued in a white line which is upturned to the cell
and inwards to the inner margin before the centre. An indistinct dark incurved line extends from the apex to
the margin at vein 4, outside bordered with whitish. Hindwing lustrous red-brown, dusted with grey and
blackish. Expanse: 22 mm. Gold Coast.

Z. bilineata sp. n. (73 h). Similar to discophora , but the area surrounded by the black curved line near
the base is not pale yellowish, but chocolate brown. The white line from the cell-end to the inner margin and
the following postmedian line extend quite narrow next to each other and are hardly divergent at the place
where they surround the red spot. The red-brown subapical spot exhibits no black streaks. Veins beyond the
post median line whiiish. Hindwing blackish-grey, under surface the same, in places speckled with yellowish
and with yellowish veins. $ type from Bagamoyo in the Berlin State Museum.

Z. unilineata sp. n. (73 h). The white postmedian line is absent, and there is only, one straight white
line from the cell-end to the inner margin. In the forewing the black curved line is near the base, the enclosed
area blackish, the whole space between this line and the white line rust-brown, a rust-brown apical spot lacks
the black streaks, the veins are white. Hindwing and under surface dark grey, slightly mixed with yellow.
Separated from nervosa by its more intense rust-brown marking and the absence of the black spot before the
centre. Cameroon. <3 type from Kribi in the Berlin State Museum.

Z. ploetzi Schs. c9 Clem. (73 h). Somewhat similar to discophora , the white postmedian band to the
costal margin is absent. Black marking more distinct. Togo to Spanish Guinea, Southern Sudan.

23. Genus: ftusica Wkr.

Chiefly distributed in the Indo-Australian region. Antennae in the strongly bipectinate to %, then
bare, in conf usa from Africa to the tips, gradually decreasing. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the hindwing
vein 8 with the cross-vein to the anterior edge of the cell, 6 + 7 stalked. In the forewing 10 from the same place
with the stalked veins 7 -9, in confusa 10 and 7 from the same place with the stalk of 8 + 9.

S. confusa Wkr. (73 h). Sulphur-coloured, hindwing somewhat more ochreous, head, thorax beneath,
base and costal margin of forewing as well as body beneath somewhat ochreous. Sierra Leone.

S. molybdea Hmps. Antennae of <$ with one row of short pinnae. Body yellowish, with a reddish tint
and a slight silvery grey reflection, tegulae at the ends darker. Forewing red-brown, with an intense silvery
grey lustre, particularly in the median area, where the silvery dusting shows an oblique distal edge which rises
from the costal margin near the apex. At the cross-vein a feeble dark dot, an indistinct oblique, sinuate, dark
line from the cell-angle to the inner margin, a feeble brown subterminal line, excurved above and below the
centre. Hindwing pale red-brown, with a greyish gloss. Expanse: 38 —44 mm. Sierra Leone, Gold Coast.
(This species having remained unknown to me may belong to Ctenolita.)

S. pyrocausta Hmps. (73 h). Forewing purple red; costal margin ochreous, dusted with black; a blackish,
slightly curved antemedian transverse band from the cell to the inner margin. At the cross-vein 2 black dots,
behind them a greyish-white postmedian line which is outside broadly bordered with blackish, except at the
costal margin, and which has inside, above the inner margin, a narrow black border. Hindwing ochreous white,
anal margin somewhat reddish, binder surface ochreous, with a reddish tint. Hindwing in the $ dark red-brown.
Congo, Mashonaland, Transvaal. (Unknown to me.)

24. Genus: Thosea Wkr.

Chiefly distributed in the Indo-Australian region. Antennae in the with long double pectinations
as far as the ends. Palpi moderately long, distal joints short. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In tile hindwing
the cross- vein between vein 8 and the anterior edge of the cel1, 6 + 7 stalked, in the forewing 10 from the same
place with the stalked 7 — 9.

Publ. 23. X. 1928.

PARATHOSEA. By Dr. M. Hering.

457

T. albilineata Hmps. Antennae of only dentate. Body pale reddish. Wings pale reddish, scantily albilineata.
strewn in a darker colour. A slanting whitish line from below the costal margin far beyond the centre extends
to the centre of the inner margin, inside bordered by a somewhat darker colour. A rather broad, slightly curved
whitish subterminal line. Hindwing pale reddish. Expanse: 26 mm. Mashonaland. (Unknown to me.)

T. albiviata Hmps. Body reddish with a slight whitish admixture. Forewing reddish-brown, with a alkinata.
faded blackish-brown line which is bordered with whitish on both sides, from below the apex to the centre of
the inner margin. Hindwing red-brown, basally pale yellowish. Under surface yellowish, at the margins red-
brown. Expanse: 28 mm. Cape Colony. (Unknown to me.)

T. aurifrcns Beth.-B. Head and prothorax gold orange, the rest of the body dark red-brown. Forewing aurifrom.
in the basal half paler red-brown, outside purple brown, both the areas separated by an oblique dark line. An
undulating dark line from before the apex to the margin at vein 4, tornus below it red-brown. Hindwing purple
brown. Expanse: 28 mm. Malanga, West- Africa. (Unknown to me, it may be identical with Phorma pepon
Karsch (75 b). )

T. lineapunctata Beth.-B. (73 h). Body and both wings pale pinkish brown. Forewing with an oblique Uneapunc-
dark median transverse line traversing the cross- vein and being distally bordered with white. From the costal
margin directly before the apex almost to vein 3 an undulating line of small fused dots. Apical half of marginal
area clouded dark, the lower median area finely dusted with reddish-brown, so that likewise indistinct clouds
are produced, the basal area dusted the same. Expanse: 26 mm. Angola, Cameroon. Ivory Coast. The species
may be better placed to Omocena.

T. chloris Fawc. (73 h). Likewise quite similar, perhaps also identical with Phorma pepon (75 b), but chloris.
in the cell-end with a white dot, at the subterminal line 2 whitish dots between veins 2 and 3, one outside at
the postmedian line, the other inside at the subterminal line. Hindwing red-brown, basally somewhat ochreous.

Expanse: 30 mm. Ashanti. (Unknown to me.)

T. perseis Fawc. (73 h). Red-brown, thinly dusted with blackish. At the cell-end a white dot. A perseis.
strongly undulate postmedian line outside bordered with greyish-white extends from the apex to the inner
margin, near which there are large blackish spots in the middle and above the inner margin, being also indi¬
stinctly continued towards the distal margin. Subterminal line blackish, in front broader, outside bordered
with whitish. Hindwing ochreous, in the $ greyer. British East Africa, Uganda, April.

T. undosa Fawc. (73 h). Forewing in the basal half red-brown, distal half brownish ochreous, at the undosa.
cell-end a black dot. A dark oblique undulating postmedian line; a curved subterminal line as far as the tornus.

Hindwing brownish ochreous, with a brown marginal line. Kedai, in December. (Unknown to me.)

T. catori Beth.-B. Body and wings brown, forewing with a pale, somewhat excurved postmedian line Mori.
which is inside bordered with dark, the area towards the margin being paler. Subterminal line dark, curved.

The whole wing is finely irrorated with a pale grey, owing to semi-erect pale scales with dark tips. Hindwing
somewhat paler brownish. Expanse: 22 mm. Nigeria. (Unknown to me, probably identical with Omocena
syrtis (75 b).)

T. serrata sp. n. (73 e). Forewing brownish-grey, with a strongly notched antemedian transverse line serrata.
from the cell to the inner margin, divergent to it posteriorly a likewise notched line from the centre of the costal
margin to the inner margin before the tornus, parallel with it a notched subapical line. At the cell-end a black
dot. Hindwing grey. Cameroon. (J-tvpe from Bagiri (May) in the Berlin State Museum, also from the Uam
District.

25. Genus: Parailiosca Auriv.

Palpi long, falcately turned up, appressed to the frons, almost reaching to the base of the antennae,
the last joint long and conical. Antennae of <§ as far as the tips bipectinate. Thorax in front with a hair-tuft,
abdomen at the base with 2 tufts of scales. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the fore wing veins 4 and 5
separated or from the same place. 7 9 stalked. In the hindwing 6 -|- 7 stalked. 8 connected with the cross-

vein at or behind the centre of the cell.

P. perillgueyi Auriv. (73 i). Thorax and forewing dark brown, with a leaden reflection. Postmedian peringueyi
line strongly dentate, black. It is followed by a lighter area which is more or less dusted with yellowish ochreous
and grey and which is defined towards the margin by an undulating subterminal line being double in the inner-
marginal half. Postmedian line from 3/4 of the costal margin to % of the inner margin. Hindwing greyish reddish.

Fringe very broad, with a yellow basal line, that of the hindwing before the margin with a whitish line. Under
surface brown, veins yellowish, hindwing in the anal portion extensively yellowish. South and German
East Africa.

P. torniplaga sp. n. (73 i). Forewing violettish brown, with a round flesh-coloured spot at the inner tomiplaga.
margin before the tornus, a very oblique velvety black, strongly notched transverse line through the cross¬
vein. at the latter a whitish reniform macula; a broad whitish submarginal band parallel to the margin, the

XIV 58

458

MACROPLECTRA. By Dr. M. H bring.

fulgorifera.

albescens.

tripun data.

iracunda.

ubliquUinea.

mesocyma.

fuscifusa.

hyperdif-

fusa.

hieraglyphi-

ca.

rosea.

meridiona-

lis.

margin finely reddish. Hindwing white, with a brownish and reddish marginal line, darkened, at the costal
margin. East Africa, retype from Kibwezi, also from Mkalama, in the Berlin State Museum.

P. fulgorifera sp. n. Body brown, frons above, palpi inside and at the end and the 2nd dorsal tuft of
the abdomen sulphur-coloured. Forewing brown, indistinctly mixed with blackish, over the whole surface as
well as on the dorsum of the thorax and legs strewn with bluish silvery scales. Hindwing greyish-brown.
Expanse: 23 mm. Cameroon, +type from Joh. Albrechtshohe in the Berlin State Museum.

26. Genus: Macroplectra Hmps.

Antennae of as far as 3/4 with long double pectinations. Palpi long porrect, 3rd joint hidden. Hind
tibiae with 2 pair of long spurs. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 stalked, 8 near the base anastomosing with the
anterior edge of the cell. In the forewing 10 stalked with 8 + 9, 7 remote from the latter.

M. albescens Hmps. Body reddish mixed with whitish. Forewing whitish, tinted with reddish, parti¬
cularly costally and basally, and slightly dusted with dark. Fine dark longitudinal streaks at the base below
the costal margin and cell, an indistinct longitudinal streak at the cell-end. An indistinct oblique dark line
from beyond the upper cell-angle extends before the centre of the inner margin, interrupted at the lower cell-
angle, and slightly undulated. An oblique dark line from the costal margin before the apex to above the inner
margin, a feeble dark subterminal shadow from below the apex to the fold. At the distal margin a row of dark
dots. Hindwing silken ochreous white, with a thin brown marginal line. Under surface of the forewing brown,
costal margin yellow. Expanse: 20 mm. British East Africa. (Unknown to me.).

M. tripunctata Mab. Forewing yellowish, with a broad oblique blackish stripe, an interior double
white stripe which is expanded in front, with two white dots. A third white dot before the apex in the outer¬
most- dark stripe. Hindwing diaphanous whitish. South Africa. (Unknown to me.)

M. iracunda sp. n. (73 i). In the forewing 10 stalked with 7, 7 with 8 + 9, therefore it is doubtful
whether the species belongs to this genus. Body orange yellow. Fore wing greyish yellow, costal margin and
inner margin as well as fringe of a glaring yellow, hindwing and under surface pale yellow, fringe darker.
Anterior and middle legs mostly red. o -type from Tembura in the Berlin State Museum. Also from New
Cameroon. Southern Sudan.

M. obliquilinea Hmps. In the forewing vein 10 rises from the cell. Body yellowish, forelegs in front
blackish. Forewing yellowish; an oblique white line from below the costal margin far beyond the centre to
the middle of the inner margin, at the cell somewhat distally convex, inside between veins 2 and 6 bordered
with black; beyond it some blackish dusting, except at the inner margin. Hindwing whitish, suffused with
brown, also the under surface which shows a yellow costal margin. Expanse: 14 16 mm. Nigeria, Uganda,

East Africa. (Unknown to me.)

M. mesocyma Hmps. Body ochreous brown, forewing pale ochreous brown, thinly dusted darker; an
oblique, undulating black shadow, distally bordered with white, extends from the upper cell-angle to the centre
of the inner margin and is interrupted at the lower cell-angle. A feeble dark oblique shadow from the costal
margin before the apex to the inner margin. Hindwing white, feebly tinted with brown. Expanse: 16 mm.
Uganda. (Unknown to me.) In the marking it evidently resembles Paryphanta orbata (73 c) which, however,
is much larger.

M. fuscifusa Hmps. (73 i). Forewing light- red-brown, scantily dusted with blackish, an irregular black
band in the submedian area extends t-o below the cell-end, an indistinctly defined spot at the cross-vein, an
oblique, undulating, blackish subterminal band from below the costal margin to above the tornus, its interior
edge being fused with a black spot above the discal fold, traces of an oblique line from here to the centre of the
inner margin. Distal margin with black spots. Hindwing brownish, fringe whitish. In — f. hyperdiffusa Strd.
the black markings are extensive and occupy the greatest part- of the wing. Gold Coast, Nigeria, Uganda,
East Africa. An extremely variable and common species.

M. hieraglyphica Beth.- B. ( — hieroglyphica v. d. E.). Body tan-coloured, forewing tan-coloured with
an oblique dark line which is curved inward on the fold and is double as far as vein 2. Beyond this line a round
brown spot which is parted by 2 paler lines and surrounded by a pale line; above this spot- there are 2 or 3
small dark dots, the costal and distal margins are much paler at this place, in the marginal area before the
apex a light brown crescent. Hindwing pinkish straw-coloured. Expanse: 24 — 26 mm. Angola, in November.
(Unknown t-o me.)

M. rosea Beth.-B. (73 i). Body tan-coloured, palpi on the sides, and legs partly red. Forewing brownish
tan-coloured, with 3 red basal streaks, below the costal margin, at the posterior edge of the cell, and at the inner
margin, the latter streak very short, the others extending to beyond the centre of the wing, the middle streak
besides radiating somewhat at the veins. Hindwing dark straw-coloured. Angola. In — meridionalis sp. n.
the forewing shows but a- short red streak in the discal cell as far as its centre, the rest of the cell is tinted with
pink. Hindwing on the veins somewhat pink. Transvaal. +type from Pretoria in the Berlin State Museum.

STROTEROIDES; TETRAPHLEBA; BIRTHAMA; OIDEMASKELIS. By Dr. M. Hering.

459

M. rufopallens Hmps. (73 i). Head and tegulae ochreous with a reddish tint, thorax and abdomen rufopallens
yellowish white. Forewing silken ochreous white, with a reddish tint excepting the inner margin, with a feeble
brownish subterminal line. Hindwing ochreous white. Expanse: 16 — 20 mm. Uganda. British East Africa.

Rhodesia Gazaland.

M. nefas sp. n. (73 i). Body and forewing light greyish ochreous in the + of a brighter ochreous colour nefui.
in the 9- Hindwing dark grey with yellow fringe. In the forewing veins 10 and 7 separated from the stalk
8 + 9, antennae in the bipectinate to the tips. German East Africa, (J-type from North Uha, 9 type from
Tabora (March till May) in the Berlin State Museum.

Compare also Natada amicta (p. 470) which may belong to this genus.

27. Genus: Stroteroldes Strd.

Antennae of $ bipectinate, decreasing towards the apices. Palpi moderately long, distal joint short.

Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the forewing vein 7 from the same place with 8 + 9, 10 remote from it.

In the hindwing 6 + 7 stalked, 8 anastomoses with the anterior edge of the cell. $ remarkably smaller and
with narrower wings than the +

St. nigrisignata Strd. (73 i). Forewing violet blackish- brown, with a deep velvety black spot at the nigrisigna-
cell-end and below the origin of vein 2. An indistinct whitish dusted line extends from the costal margin before
the apex to the distal margin right below the apex. Hindwing of $ black, of 9 greyer, fringe of $ white, of 9
dull white. Spanish Guinea.

28. Genus: Tetrapllleba Strd. (= Tetraphleps Hmps.)

Antennae of 8 bipectinate to the tips. Palpi moderately long, slightly rising. In the forewing 7 — 10,
in the hindwing 6 + 7 stalked. An Indian genus with one African species.

T. ruficeps Hmps. (74 a). Head and tegulae reddish brown, tegidae at the end whitish. Body chocolate ru/iceps.
brown. Forelegs with silvery spots. Forewing chocolate brown, dusted with grey, the darkest the basal area
and the area before the subterminal line. At the cross- vein a black dot, a blackish postmedian line only distinct
at the costal margin, subterminal line excurved at the centre of the termen. then indistinct. Hindwing red-
brown. East Africa.

29. Genus: Kirtliaiua Wkr.

A chiefly Indo- Australian genus. It is doubtful whether the African species belong to it. Antennae
of 8 bipectinate, towards the apices shorter. Palpi moderately long, last joint short. In the hindwing cross¬
vein between 8 and the anterior edge of the cell, 6 + 7 stalked, in the forewing 7 and 10 stalked with 8+9
or together from the same place, in basibrunnea 10 somewhat remote. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs.

B. basibrunnea Swh. (74 a). Antennae of $ only pectinate on %. Basal half of forewing deep velvety basibrun-
brown, with 2 pointed indentations, defined by a fine white line, then by a rusty brownish line. Distal half m

blue grey, with a rust coloured undulating postmedian line, a row of brown dots and a grey shadow behind
it. Hindwing dull white, with a dark marginal line. East Africa.

B. dodona Drc. Body yellow, antennae and palpi black. Fore wing chrome-coloured, veins darker; a dodona.
straight brown line extends through the wing from the apex almost to the base of the inner margin; fringe
brownish yellow. Hindwing paler chrome-coloured, under surface unicoloured chrome. Expanse: 50 mm.

West Africa, Cameroon. (Unknown to me, it may coincide with Hadraphe aprica Karsch (p. 460.)

B. reducta sp. n. (74 a). Similar to basibrunnea, the brown basal area shorter, occupying but one third reducta.
of the wing, less conspicuously indented. At the cross vein two brownish red clots, shortly before the margin
a rusty brownish undulate line, towards the base a blackish nebulous row of sagittae. Antennae of £ more
uniformly short combed to the apices. East Africa. type from Mkalama in the Berlin State Museum.,

30. Genus: Oicleniaskelis Beth.-B.

Palpi upturned, last joint short; antennae in the middle pectinate. Anterior hips and femora very
much swollen, like the femora and tibiae of the middle legs. Wings short and broad, the inner margin very
convex. In the forewing 8 — 10 stalked. 7 separated. In the hindwing -6 + 7 on a very long stalk. It is said
to be allied to Orthocraspeda Hmps.

Oi. eurota Beth.-B. Body and forewing dull rust-coloured, forewing with a darker cloud in the central eurota.
area. Hindwing semi-transparent, pinkish-grev. Expanse: 20 mm. Rhodesia. (Unknown to me.)

clhiopxca.

aprica.

casta nea.

flaccidia.

tied ychroa.

trilinea.

ncphochlu-

eropis.

barbrpes.

chionostola.

460 HADRAPHE; NAROSA: THLIPTOCNEMIS ; ALTHA. Bv Dr. M. Hering.

31. Genus: El ail rap lie Karsch. (Scirrhoma Beth.-B.)

Palpi long porrect, 3rd joint slightly shorter than the second. Antennae long, serrate, in the $ shorter.
Fore wing long. 7 and 8 stalked, 9 absent or stalked, 10 and 11 from the cell. Cell longer than half the wing.
In the hindwing 6 + 7 stalked. Frenulum in the ending as a club, in the $ every bristle of it club-shaped.

H. ethiopica Beth.-B. Forewing unicoloured brown. Hindwing pale orange; distal margin broad black,
narrowed towards the anal angle. Head and thorax like forewing, abdomen like hindwing. $ uniformly paler.
Expanse: 38- 46 mm. Rhodesia, in December. (Unknown to me.)

H. aprica Karsch (= callima Beth.-B.) (74 a). Body light brownish red, chest and legs orange red,
thorax above with whitish lateral spots. Fore wing silken tan-coloured, with a very intense reflection; a slanting
light brown stripe from the apex to the inner margin near the base. Hindwing orange. Expanse: 42 — 58 mm.
Lagos, Gold Coast, Cameroon, Spanish Guinea.

32. Genus: l^arosa Wlkr.

A genus distributed in the Indo-Australian region. Antennae plain, posterior tibiae with 2 pair of
spurs, palpi long upturned. In the hindwing 8 far remote from the cell, near the base with a small cross-vein,
6 -)- 7 stalked. In the forewing 4 and 5 separated or from the same place, 7 stalked with 8 -(— 9. Habitually
similar species are also to be found among the Niphadolepis.

N. castanea Mab. Forewing pale yellowish; margin reddish-brown, at the tornus yellowish. The base
narrowly and a dot at the cell-end reddish-brown. Hindwing yellow, under surface whitish- yellow, margin
darkened. Madagascar. (Unknown to me.)

N. flaccidia Drc. Body dark brown, forewing pale brown, from the base to the centre darker brown,
bordered by a whitish brown line. A pale grey zigzag line from the costal margin to the inner margin, the termen
with a row of small brown dots. Hindwing pale greyish- brown. Expanse: 25 mm. East Africa. (Unknown to
me; doubtfully placed here.)

N. hedychroa Beth.-B. Body white, middle segments of abdomen brownish-grey. Forewing whitish,
diffusely strewn with smoke-brown, condensed into a dark dot in the postmedian area, from this spot a very
dentate brown line extends to the inner margin. Distal margin with a fine dark internerval spot. Hindwing
all over dusted with smoke-brown. Expanse: 20 mm. Congo. (Unknown to me.)

N. trilinea Beth.-B. Body yellowish-white, abdomen dull white. Forewing white, with 3 orange
indistinct transverse bands, outside distinctly edged with white : a broad one below the cell, an irregular median
one, distally angled on the fold, a postmedian one interrupted at vein 3, a short subterminal shadow from the
costal margin, merging into the postmedian band. A dark marginal spot above the tornus. Hindwing yellowish-
white. Expanse: 16 mm. Congo, in April. (Unknown to me: probably synonymous with Niphadolepis argen-
teobrunnea Strd. (75 c).)

N. nephochloeropis Beth.-B. Body whitish. Legs pale green, with white rings. Forewing white, at the
base clouded green almost to the median area. Margin fine gi’een, edged with a white line. Fringe speckled
white and green. Hindwing lustrous white. Expanse: 25 mm. (Unknown to me; evidently near to Nipha¬
dolepis soluta Karsch (75 c).)

33. Genus: Tliliptocneiiiis Mab.

Antennae ciliated, hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. In the forewing only 8 + 9 stalked.

Th. barbipes Mab. Forewing blackish-brown, with silken black lines, greyish yellow erect scales and
double silver lines: a sagittiformly dentate line at the margin, the second obliquely through the centre, the
third short to the base of the wing. Hindwing brown. Under surface blackish lead-coloured, costal margin
red-brown. Madagascar. (Unknown to me.)

34. Genus: Altha Wlkr.

Likewise occurring in the Indo-Australian region. Antennae in the $ bipectinate to the middle, then bare; in
chionostola the antennae are basally serrate-dentate. Palpi short upturned. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs.
In the hindwing 6 and 7 are separated, in chionostola stalked. In the forewing 7 — 9 are stalked, vein 11 curved.

A. chionostola Hmps. (74 a). Forewing silvery white, a blackish olive band from the centre of the inner
margin curved to the apex. Margin at the apex with a black line. Hindwing silvery white. Congo, Transvaal.

MON EM A; HYPHORMA; INOUS; COENOBASIS. By Dr,M. Hering.

461

A. ansorgei Beth.-B. Body purple brown, metathorax carmine, abdomen lemon-coloured. Eorewing ansorgei.
light canary-coloured, the basal two thirds reddish purple, strewn somewhat paler; this area with a distal
projection between veins 3 — 5, enclosing also a dark brown postmedian line, followed by a yellow spot in the
angle of vein 3. Subterminal line dark brown, with 2 strong indentations, more or less composed of fused
crescents. Hindwing pale sulphur-colourecl, in the $ the basal half yellow. Expanse: 34—39 mm. Northern
Angola. (Unknown to me; probably identical with Chrysamma purpuripulcra Karsch (73 b). i. e. its form with
yellow hindwings.)

A. rubrifusalis Hmps. (— rubrifuscalis v. d. E.). Head and thorax yellowish-red, dusted with silver. rubrifusaHs.
abdomen pale yellow, above darker. In the forewing the basal half is yellowish-red, base and costal margin
intensely strewn with silver, also at the cell-end silver scales. A darker yellow cross-vein streak. Marginal half
pale yellow, with a curved postmedian row of blackish-brown dots, interrupted between veins 2 and 3. Hindwing
pale yellow, basal area with a yellowish-red tint. Expanse: 28 mm. Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, Nigeria. (It
probably corresponds to the form of Chrysamma purpuripulcra Karsch with basallv vellowish-red hindwings.)

35. Genus: Moncma Wlkr.

Indo-Australian, with one African species in which the <$ antennae are shortly bipectinate in contrast
with the Indians. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the hindwing 8 is curved, with the cross-vein to the
centre of the anterior edge of the cell. In the forewing 10 and 7 stalked with 8 -f- 9, vein 11 nearing 12.

M. leucosticta Hmps. Body dark red-brown, with a blackish gloss. Eorewing glossy red-brown, mixed leucostida.
with grey and black, scantily strewn with silvery scales, costal margin and veins more reddish. A white cross¬
vein dot surrounded by black, a somewhat oblicpie curved reddish line from the apex to the inner margin beyond
the centre. Hindwing pale red-brown. Expanse: 28 mm. Gold Coast. (Unknown to me.)

36. Genus: Myphorum Wlkr.

Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. In the forewing 8+9 stalked, 7 and 10 separated, 11 straight.

Abdomen with long lateral and ventral hair-tufts. Palpi rather long. An Indian genus with one African species.

H. subtenuinalis Hmps. Body red-brown, mixed with grey. Forewing red-brown, tinted with grey subtermbm-
and dusted with blackish. A small black streak at the centre of the discocellular, a small black spot below the

costal margin beyond the centre with traces of a line extending oblicpiely from it to the cross- vein spot, which
line is excurved, then oblique and curved to vein 1. An intense blackish shadow from the costal margin before
the apex to the margin above the tornus, inside fadedly bordered; between veins 3 and 5 a subterminal shadow.

Hindwing red-brown. Expanse: 30 mm. Gold Coast. (Unknown to me.)

37. Genus: Iibobis Wlkr.

A doubtful genus, classified with the Notodontidae by Janse in 1917. Palpi porrect, short, 3rd joint
very small. Antennae slightly pectinate. Abdomen not projecting beyond the hindwings. Hind tibiae only
with small terminal spurs. Forewing rather narrow.

I. nigripalpis Wkr. Reddish, palpi black. Thorax laterally behind and abdomen brown. Forewing nigripalpis.
with 3 white angular dots, one at the inner margin near the base, the second in the centre, the third at 2 3 at the

costal margin. Hindwing paler, basally pale brown. South Africa. (Unknown to me.)

38. Genus : C’oeaiobasis Wlkr.

Antennae of 3 as far as % bipectinate, then plain, hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. I11 the hindwing
6 + 7 stalked, 8 anastomosing near the base, in the forewing 7 stalked with 8 — 9. 10 free, 1 1 straight. Forewing
coloured green.

C. albiramosa Wkr. (74 b). Forewing green, veins, particularly thick those of the cell and 1 a, broad albiramosa.
silvery white. Hindwing greenish- white. Fringes of both wings with fine blackish-brown basal dots. South
and East Africa.

C. amoena Fldr. (74 b). Similar to albiramosa , larger, forewing only with 3 silvery, very thick longi- amoena.
tudinal stripes, which are not ramulous on the marginal veins; a lighter subterminal strip. Thoracal tufts and
apices of tegulae ochreous. From Abyssinia through East Africa to Natal.

C. argentilinea Auriv. (74 b). Forewing with but one longitudinal streak being club-shaped at the end, argentili-
on the posterior edge of the cell. Damaraland, German South West Africa. nca-

C. hemichlora Grunt. (74 b). Similar to argentilinea, the light stripe on the posterior edge of the cell hemichlora.
hardly white, very thin. Betchuanaland. It may be only a form of the preceding species.

chloronolon.

fulvi-corpus.

postflavida.

viridiplagu.

nigrivenosa.

schnitzel.

umator.

purpurea.

arnica.

obvia .

af finis .

johannes.

latislriga.

trapezoidea.
concavata .

462 DELOB, HACHIS; FEATHERIA ; PARANA. By Dr. M. Hering.

C. chloronolon Hmps. (74 b). Unicolouretl green, abdomen orange, costal margin of forewing orange.
Hindwing whitish, at the margin green. Somaliland.

C. fulvi-corpus Hmps. (74 b). Body ochreous, tegulae and mesothorax green. Forewing green, costal
margin pale yellow, hindwing pale yellow. Aden.

C. postflavida Hmps. (74 b). Forewing green, with an orange costal margin. Hind wing pale yellow,
margin somewhat greenish. Fringes of both wings with black basal dots. Sudan. East Africa.

39. Genus: Dclorliachis Karsch.

Antennae of 3 bipectinate to %, then bare. Hind-tibiae only with stunted terminal spurs. In the
hindwing 6+7 stalked, in the forewing 7 — 9 stalked, 10 together with it from the same place, 11 nearing 12.

D. viridiplaga Karsch (74 c) (= charopa Beth.-B.). Forewing red-brown, veins in the marginal half
fine black, on the centre of the inner margin a green triangle outside edged with black. Hindwing ochreous
brown and thorax with 4 green spots. Togo to Congo, a large also from the Ukami Mts.

D. nigrivenosa Karsch (74 c). Wood-brown, veins in the marginal half fine black, in the $ a lacteous
round spot between 1 a and 1 c above the centre of the inner margin, whereas in the $ it is mostly absent.
Togo, Cameroon.

D. schultzei Auriv. (74 c). Forewing red-brown, with a large green spot on the centre of the inner margin
and a smaller one opposite at the costal margin. Jola, Cameroon.

D. amator sp. n. (74 c). Body and wings dark brown. Forewing with a small, dull golden yellow spot-
on the centre of the inner margin, hindwing with a golden yellow central spot from the base along the inner
margin. German East Africa. $ type in the Berlin State Museum.

D. purpurea sp. n. (74 c). Body golden yellow. Forewing purple red, the margins, an irregularly stran¬
gulated median band and an indistinct transverse line behind it golden yellow. Hindwing golden yellow.
Cameroon. $ type from Lolodorf in the Berlin State Museum.

D. amica sp. n. (74c). Body orange red-brown; tegulae, central spot above on the thorax and the
greatest part of the under surface dark brown. Forewing dull purple brown, with a straight oblique transverse
line from the apex to the centre of the inner margin, where it is inside bordered somewhat orange. Hindwing
a little paler than forewing, at the inner margin pale yellow. Cameroon. type from Lolodorf in the Berlin
State Museum.

40. Genus: Featheria Hmps.

Palpi short, obliquely upturned, antennae of G bipectinate to the ends, in the $ shorter. Hind tibiae
with 2 pair of spurs. Abdomen at the base with rough hair. Forewing with a rounded apex. Vein 2 + 3 on a
short stalk, also 8 + 9. In the hindwing 6 + 7 stalked, 8 from the centre of the cell.

F. obvia Hmps. (74 c). Body greyish- white, abdomen tinted red-brown. Forewing greyish- white, in
places tinted red-brown and dusted dark brown, a dark brown dot at the lower cell-end, from here an oblique
brown line to the inner margin, outside thinly bordered with whitish, followed by a reddish-brown shadow.
An oblique dark brown band from the apex touches this shadow and is slightly incurved below the costal
margin, distally to it an ablong black dot. At the distal margin a row of brown streaks. Hindwing whitish,
suffused with red-brown, with a fine dark marginal line. Expanse: 22- 28 mm. Somaliland. (Unknown to me.)

41. Genus: l*sirasa Moore.

Antennae of <$ bipectinate in the basal halves, hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. In the hindwing
6 + 7 stalked, in the forewing 7 + together or stalked with 8 9, 10 remote and straight. Mostly green species.
Likewise represented in the Indo-Australian, nearctic and neotropical regions.

P. affinis Mab. (74 cl). Forewing brown, with a dull green, centrally strangulated median band. Hind-
wing from yellowish to brownish. Madagascar.

P. johannes Dist. (74 d). Similar to affinis , marginal area less projecting, costal margin broad green.
Hindwing ochreous. Transvaal, Natal.

P. latistriga Wkr. (74 cl). Forewing green, marginal band broad brown, at the base a triangular brown
wedge. Cape Colony, Transvaal, East Africa. . „

P. trapezoidea Aur. (74 d). Forewing with a very obliquely cut off brown basal area and a green median
band, hindwing ochreous, more or less dusted brown. Nigeria to Spanish Guinea. — concavata Strd. is a female
with a somewhat convex margin of the basal area and almost brown hindwings.

PARASA. By Dr. M. Hkring.

4H3

P. tamara sp. n. (74 d). Similar to the preceding species, the green median band narrower, more tamara.
excurved at vein 6, the brown basal area more irregnlar, more sharply projecting at the posterior cell-angle.

Hindwing ochreous. L. Nvassa. 9 types from Langenburg in the Berlin State Museum, also from Kilondo.

P. carnapi Karsch (= princeps Auriv., microbasis Hmps.) (74 e). A large species. Forewing green, carnapi.
with a very short, narrow brown basal streak and a broad brown marginal area projecting at the cell towards
the base. Hindwing ochreous, at the margin darkened brownish. Cameroon, Ogove.

P. niesochloris Hmps. Almost exactly like trapezoidea, but the green band is said not to reach quite mesochlori
to the costal margin. Expanse: 23 mm. Gold Coast.

P. euchlora Karsch (74 e). Forewing green, with a narrow violettish-brown basal and marginal area, euchlom.
the latter more or less dusted with whitish, inside bordered by a white line. On the anterior and posterior
margins of the cell as well as on 1 b a white longitudinal streak each, which may also extend to the marginal
veins. Hindwing cream-coloured with violettish brown fringes. $ much larger than <$. Togo. Ivory Coast.

Larva greenish sky-blue with black spots; it lives gregariously on Vitex, feeding at night.

P. singularis Btlr. (74 e). Forewing dark green, with a violettish-brown basal area which is widened singularis
at the inner margin, a long silvery streak on the posterior edge of the cell and a shorter one on 1 b. Distal margin
very narrow violettish-brown. Hindwing ochreous, fringes brown. Madagascar.

P. reginula Saalm. (74 e). Similar to singularis, basal area broader, more straightly defined, marginal regimda.
area thrice as broad. Ground-colour lighter green, but with a dark green spot above and below the thicker
white median streak. Fringe of hindwing yellow. Madagascar.

P. valida Btlr. (74 d). Forewing green, with a broad violettish-brown basal area, incurved below the valida.
cell, somewhat excurved at lb; marginal area narrower violettish-brown, between veins 2 and 5 projecting
slightly curved towards the base. Hindwing ochreous, at the margin often darker brownish. Madagascar.

P. ebetiaui Saalm. (74 e) is very similar to valicla , the basal area much more sinuate, the marginal area ebcnaui.
twice as broad, between 2 and 5 strongly curved towards the base. Madagascar.

P. karschi Dyar (= valida Karsch) (74 d) is a large species, yellowish dark green, with a violettish- karschi.
brown, somewhat dentate, vertically cut-off basal area and a similar distal margin which is very narrow and
shows two projections towards the base. Hindwing ochreous, fringe more or less brownish. Cameroon to Gabun.

P. urda Drc. (74 f). Similar to karschi , smaller, ground-colour of forewing more blue-green. Distal nr da.
margin of fore wing slightly broader brown, hindwing creamy, basally yellowish. Cameroon to Gabun.

P. lanceolata sp. n. (74 e). Forewing intensely bluish-green, more elongate than in the two preceding lanceolata
species. Hindwing cream-coloured, at the anal margin and base yellowish. <$ type from Tabora, and 9 from
various places in German East Africa. (Berlin State Museum.)

P. vivida Wkr. (74 e) (= neumanni Karsch , arcuata Karsch). Forewing dark green, at the cell-end often vivid, a.
a dark dot and a darker shadow often above the centre of the inner margin. Basal area violettish-brown, with
a pointed tooth below the cell. Marginal area lighter brown, with dark veins and bordered by dark. Hindwing
from yellowish white to blackish brown. From South Africa. East Africa to the Sudan. The most common
species.

P. anattii Karsch (74 f). A small species, forewing green, with an obliquely defined basal area projecting ananii.
with two teeth, and a broad brown marginal area which projects somewhat obtusely between veins 2 and 5
and is concave above it. Hindwing ochreous. Togo, Cameroon. Southern Sudan. — infuscata Wichgr. is a form infuscata.
with brown hindwings.

P. prussi Karsch (74 f) (= adamauana Auriv., smaragdina Beth.- B., preussi v. d. E.) is larger, forewing prussi.
more blue-green, basal area narrower, at the costal margin not widened, marginal area with 3 projections which
arc often dentate. Range of the preceding species.

P. catori Beth.-B. (74 f). Extremely similar to prussi and flying together with it. The median emar- catori.
gination of the marginal area is flatter, the projection below it broader and more dentate. Lokoya. Southern
Sudan. It may be synonymous with the preceding species.

P. cambouei Mob. (= villosipes Strd.) (74 f). Forewing in the basal area brown, outside transversely cambouei.
cut off and partly bordered with white, at the inner margin twice as long as at the costal margin, in the median
area an almost triangular green area not reaching the costal and inner margins and traversed by a brown
longitudinal stripe each at the edges of the cell, sometimes being very much reduced. Hindwing pale yellow,
with a dark brown marginal area. Expanse: 30 mm. Madagascar.

P. humilis Mob. Forewing light red; base blackish claret-coloured, in the expanded beyond the cell humilis.
and somewhat radiating on the veins. A brown transverse line passes through this area over the cell. The much

chapmanni ■

scrraiilinea.

viridissima.

decolor.

pallida.

divisa.

brannca.

satanns.

modcsta .

albijrons.

464 EUCLEA; CHARISTIA; PARAPLECTRA; LAT'OIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

lighter marginal area is narrow, with a reddish lustre. Hindwing somewhat lighter. In the $ the colouring of
the basal area only extends to the transverse line, the marginal area is twice as broad and more glaringly
pinkish-red. An oblique brown line from the costal margin, at first excurved, to the inner margin in the direction
of the dark basal area of the + Body red-brown. Madagascar. (Unknown to me.)

P. chapmanni Ky. (= rudis Wkr.). Head, thorax above and base of abdomen green, otherwise ochreous.
Forewing ochreous, speckled with black and with an irregular, slanting, green band which is widened in the
anterior half and extends from % of the inner margin to somewhat behind the centre of the costal margin.
Distal margin very oblique. Expanse: 45 mm. Congo. (Unknown to me.)

P. serratilinea Beth.-B. Body green, also abdomen. Forewing green, with a small grey basal area,
straightly cut off, and a serrate subterminal line from the apex to the tornus. Hindwing paler green. Expanse:
36 mm. South Nigeria. (Unknown to me.)

P. viridissima Holl. (= satura Karsch) (74 f). Body and wings green. Forewing with a brown basal
area and a brown marginal band projecting between veins 2 and 5 towards the base. Fringe of hindwing brown.
West Africa.

P. decolor Karsch (74 f). Red-brown, thorax and base of abdomen above green. Forewing red-brown,
with a broad, somewhat lighter postmedian band edged with dark. Hindwing ochreous-brown. Cameroon.

P. pallida Mschlr. (74 c). Thorax and forewing yellowish- white, forewing with 2 black basal dots and
a postmedian line which is very much incurved below the centre. Abdomen and hindwing light yellow. Gold
Coast and Ivory Coast.

42. Genus: Kuclea Him.

Antennae of q >n the basal half bipectinate, palpi moderately long, projecting somewhat beyond the
frontal tuft. Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. In the forewing vein 10 usually stalked with 7—9 or from
the same place with it, in the hindwing 6 + 7 stalked. It appears to me to be questionable whether the two
species described here belong to this genus chiefly occurring in America; they have remained unknown to me.

Eu. divisa Holl. Forewing wood-coloured, basal half dark brown, bordered by a somewhat intro-
curved whitish line from the apex to Vs of the inner margin. Hindwing and under surface wood-coloured.
Expanse: 24 mm. Ogove.

Eu. brunnea Holl. Quite unicoloured dark brown. Hindwing somewhat darker. Expanse: 23 mm.

Ogove.

43. Genus: CUiiti’isiia gen. nov.

Antennae of long bipectinate, decreasing towards the apices, palpi little projecting beyond the
frontal tuft, hind tibiae with long middle and terminal spurs. In the forewing 8+9 fused, stalked with 7,
the stalk of which is stalked with 10. 11 straight. In the hindwing the anterior cell-angle is retracted. 6 + 7
stalked, 8 anastomosing with the anterior edge of the cell only near the base. Genotype.

Ch. satanas sp. n. (74 a). Upper surface unicoloured bronze-coloured dark brown, under surface with
the abdomen, palpi and part of legs ochreous. Expanse : 14 mm. Cameroon. <$ type from Lolodorf in the Berlin
State Museum.

44. Genus: Par«iplectra Bth.-B.

Antennae of 3 pectinate, palpi short, last joint very small. Forewing very broad, margin rounded.
Hindwing small, In the forewing veins 2 + 3 stalked, 7 + 8 on a long stalk. 9 absent, 10 from the cell. 11
strongly curved. In the hindwing 6 + 7 stalked.

P. liiodesta Beth.-B. Body pale tan-coloured. Forewing tan-coloured, with a small pale rust-coloured
spot in the basal portion of the fold, bordered by a short oblique white patch; above it some indistinct rust-
coloured dots, besides a few dark rough scales scattered over the wing. Hindwing pale yellowish straw-coloured.
Expanse: 21 mm. Angola. (Unknown to me.)

45. Genus: Laloia (Indus. Somara Wlkr.. Aster ia Fldr.)

Antennae of <$ basally bipectinate, hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. In the hindwing 6 + 7 stalked,
in the forewing 7 — 9 stalked, 10 from the same place or stalked, 11 straight. According to Attrivilliits Somara
and Asteria, also belong to this genus.

L. albifrons Guer. (= florifera H.-S.) (74 g). Forewing dark brown, before the centre with green and
white spots. Hindwing yellow, more or less dusted with brown, in the $ often chiefly brown.

Publ. 23. IX. 1928.

LATOIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

465

L. intermissa Wkr. (74 g). Thorax above green, below dark brown, abdomen ochreous. Forewing intermissa.
rust-brown, in the costal-marginal portion thickly, in the distal portion more scantily dusted with white, with
a somewhat oblique, dark, undulate transverse line which is bordered on the inside by a broad green band.

Hindwing ochreous, more or less dusted with rust-brown. The green markings very soon turn brownish on
the specimens exhibited in collections. Natal, Transvaal, German East Africa.

L„ albipuncta Holl. (74 a). Forewing brown, with a yellow inner-marginal spot. Hindwing brown, albipuncta.
basally often yellowish. <$ smaller and with narrower wings. Congo, Spanish Guinea.

Lo picta Wkr. (74 g). Green, abdomen from brown to ochreous. Forewing rust-coloured, at the costal picta.
margin green, writh an oblique and broadly interrupted green postmedian band. Hindwing and under surface
ochreous; another form occurs without a green band of the forewing. Expanse: about 40 mm. Sierra Leone,

French Guinea.

L. liana Holl. Thorax above green, abdomen above dark brown. Forewing pale brown, traversed by nana.
a broad paler brown band which extends from the costal margin before the apex to the inner margin. Hindwing
very pale brownish. Expanse: 25 mm. Ogove. (Probably identical with Parasa decolor Karsch [p. 464; 74 f]).

L. viridifascia Holl. (74 g). Frons and thoracal dorsum green. Abdomen above pale green, turning viridifascia.
pale brown towards the end. Forewing chestnut-brown, marginal area dusted with pale ash-grey; in the centre
of the wing a green band extending from the inner margin parallel to the distal margin towards the costal
margin, in the centre strangulated. Hindwing wax-coloured. Expanse: 27 mm. The species is somewhat
similar to Stroter comatus Karsch , in which however the green band is more slanting and entire, the terminal
area not being so light grey. Ogove, Cameroon, Ivory Coast.

L. vitilena Karsch (74 g) (= vitilinea v.d.E.). Ochreous, thorax above green. Forewing rust-brown, vitilena.
more or less dusted with violettish-black, especially in the basal area, with an irregularly notched, centrally
strangulated green median band. Hindwing ochreous. Transvaal to Cameroon, Southern Sudan.

L. canescens Wla\ Brown, thorax whitish, abdomen brown. Forewing brown, thickly powdered with canescens.
white, at the costal margin more densely so, with an almost straight rust-brown band at % of the wing. Hindwing
somewhat paler. Sierra Leone. According to Aurivillius it is probably identical with the following:

L. albiiinea Hmps. Similar to canescens, but the white postmedian line not straight, but inwardly albilinea.
curved. Expanse: 42 mm. Ashanti.

L. cretata Karsch (74 h ) is similar to albilinea. Forewing densely dusted with white, brown is only a cretaia.
straight transverse line forming a large spot at the inner margin. Hindwing yellowish greyish-brown. $ with
much broader wings. Cameroon, one specimen also from German East Africa.

L. phlebodes Karsch (74 h). Forewing more red-brown, much less dusted light than the preceding phlebodes.
species. Forewing somewhat broader. Ivory Coast to Spanish Guinea.

L. cineracea Karsch (74 h). Forewing red-brown, with a white, slightly curved postmedian line, from cineracca.
the base to the latter line a green inner-marginal streak which is extended to 1 c. Hindwing yellow, sometimes
with brown dusting in the cells. Body beneath dark brown, above reddish yellow, tegulae green. Togo, Cameroon.

The East-African race - furfurea ssp. n. (75 a) has almost unicoloured densely white forewings with an indis- furfurea.
tinct oblique stripe, (J-type in the Berlin State Museum.

L. albicosta Hmps. (74 h). Similar to the preceding ones, hindwing golden yellow, veins and costal dlbicosia.
portion more or less dusted with brown. Easily discernible from intermissa by the red-brown thoracal dorsum.

British and German East xVfrica. Natal.

L. flavicosta Hmps. (74 h). Head and thorax golden yellow, abdomen golden yellow, at the end brown, flavicosta.
Forewing deep red-brown, in the basal half slightly dusted with yellowish, marginal area paler red-brown. A
broad golden yellow costal-marginal streak extends to the postmedian line, at the inner edge of which it forms
a broad band to vein 6, then thin dots to vein 4. Postmedian line deep red-brown, excurved at vein 6.

Fringe dark red-brown. Hindwing and under surface golden yellow. Expanse: 50 mm. West Africa, Southern
Sudan, British East Africa.

L. viridicosta Hmps. Red-brown, head and thorax light green. Abdomen yellow, with a brown dorsal viridicosla.
line. Fore wing red- brown, with a green longitudinal stripe at the costal margin, the extreme edge of which,
however, remains brown, as far as the postmedian line; the latter is red-brown, very slanting, straight, inside
bordered by a green transverse band which is expanded in and below the cell and at the inner margin. Hindwing
golden yellow, with a red-brown marginal band. Expanse : 40 — 50 mm. West Africa, Uganda, Mashonaland.

(I have not seen this species.)

L. collins Mob. (= xuthosoma Beth.-B.) (74 h). Thorax grey, abdomen straw-coloured. Forewing collini.
brown, thickly dusted with a whitish grey, with traces of a short basal line and an oblique, twice undulate,
dark brown postmedian line which is bordered with white on the outside. Hindwing ochreous, with broad
brown internerval stripes. Senegal, Southern Sudan. This species has been dealt with as Dasychira on p. 179,
as which it had been described; on examining the type which is now in the Berlin State Museum it was ascer¬
tained to be identical with xuthosoma.

59

XIV

nivosa.

angustifas-

cia.

loxotoma.

privativa.

neglecia.

concolor.

flava.

jlavissima.

rufa.

nigroma-

calata.

incrcdibilis.

466 PARAGETGR; PSEUDOMANTRIA; TRACHYPTENA ; TRACHYPTENIDIA. By Dr. M. Herixg.

L. nivosa Fldr. (75 a). Thorax white, tegulae and head green, abdomen yellow. Forewing white, with
a streak from the apex which is very oblique and extends at the inner margin to the base ; it is posteriorly and
outside green, anteriorly grey lilac. At the termen a broad grey band, above the fringe is white. Hindwing
white, with a yellow anal-marginal portion. Togo. A female in the Berlin State Museum lacks the grey terminal
band, the green oblique band is straighter, very narrowly bordered with bluish-grey; it probably represents
a new race or species: angustifascia ssp. n. (75 a). Patria ignota.

L. loxotoma Beth.-B. (75 a). Forewing white, with an olive green or light brown longitudinal band
at the fold, being continued in a curve to the apex. Similar to nivosa, the band on the forewing narrower.
Angola, Togo.

L. privativa sp. n. (75 a). Body white, tegulae green, abdomen ochreous. Under surface dark brown.
Forewing white, with a very short violettish- brown broad basal streak which anteriorly extends to 1 c, but
beneath not to the inner margin, and is about as long as half the cell. Hindwing white, basally at the anal
margin somewhat yellowish. Under surface white. Senegal. Female type in the Berlin State Museum (Coll.
Boisduval).

L. neglecta sp. n. (75 a). Abdomen golden yellow, only basally white, tegulae outside edged with
brown, the rest of the body like the hindwing of a pure white. Forewing white, costal margin as far as beyond
the middle brown, a brown streak at the inner margin almost to the tornus, then almost rectangularly upcurved
to the apex. German East Africa. Male type from Songea in the Berlin State Museum.

46. Genus: Paragetor Beth.-B.

Palpi short. In the forewing 7 10 stalked, 8 f 9 bifurcating only shortly before the apex; 8. 10 and

1 1 very distantly separated. In the hindwing the anterior portion of the cell is retracted very far towards the
base, for which reason 6 + 7 on a very long stalk, 8 free from the base.

P. concolor Beth.-B. Body deep straw-colour. Forewing ochreous, hindwing somewhat darker,
markings absent. Expanse: 26 mm. Gunnal, West Africa. (I did not see this species.)

47. Genus: Psemlomajatria Beth.-B.

Antennae of slightly serrate. Forewing moderately broad, apex obtuse, hindwing small and oblong.
In the forewing 7 -9 stalked, 10 absent. In the hindwing 6+7 stalked.

P. flava Beth.-B. Body orange. Forewing chrome-coloured, hindwing paler, markings absent. Ex¬
panse: 22 mm. Malanga, West Africa. (Unknown to me.)

P. flavissima sp. n. (75 b) may belong to this genus, but the male antennae are quite plain, in the
forewing 10 stalked with 7 and with 8 + 9. Forewing chrome-coloured, but the costal margin very fine orange.
Hindwing paler. Expanse: 15 mm. Male type from Quisoli, Angola, in the Berlin State Museum.

48. Genus: Traehyptena Beth.-B.

Palpi short, upturned. Antennae of serrate. Fore wing broad, with a dent of scales from the inner
margin. In the forewing 8 10 stalked. In the hindwing 6 + 7 stalked, 8 shortly anastomoses with the anterior

edge of the cell.

T. rufa Beth.-B. (75 b). Body pale reddish-brown, both wings without markings, pale tan-coloured,
all over strewn with fine rust-brown scales. Lokoja. The presumable male of it. from New Cameroon, in the
Berlin State Museum, shows a darker transverse streak at the cross-vein.

T. nigromacuiata sp. n. (75 b). Forewing wood-grey, at the inner-margin somewhat reddish, with
very scanty jet-black scales, at the cell-end a large greyish-black spot. Hindwing, under surface, and body
red-brown. Cameroon. Male type from Lolodorf in the Berlin State Museum.

49. Genus: Trsudiypkuiidia gen. nov.

Inner margin of forewing with a dent of scales as in the preceding genus. Antennae of $ and $ long
bipectinate. Hind tibiae densely covered with long scales, only with long terminal spurs. Palpi short, not
projecting beyond the frontal tuft. In the forewing 2 + 3 stalked, 7 — 9 stalked, 10 and 11 anteriorly convex
from the cell. In the hindwing 3 and 4 close together, 6+7 stalked, 8 near the base shortly anastomosing
with the cell, then distantly separated. Genotype:

T. incredibilis sp. n. (75 b). Forewing light ochreous, dusted with brown and somewhat blackish, on
the inner margin above the dent of scales an indistinct dark, outside light transverse streak. Hindwing light
ochreous, in the 9 somewhat darker brownish. Male type from Ngoko Station, female type from Lolodorf in
the Berlin State Museum. Cameroon.

PHORMA; OMOCENA; NIPHADQLEPIS. By Dr. M. Peking.

467

50. Genus: Phorma Karsch.

Antennae of q in the basal halves with long double pectinations, then bare. Palpi projecting beyond
the frontal tuft, last joint slightly drooping. In the forewing 7 rises from the same place with 8 +9, 10 remote
from it. In the hindwing 6 + 7 stalked, 8 near the base anastomosing with the cell.

Ph. pepon Karsch (75 b). Body red-brown, in front and partly on the abdomen fiery red. Forewing pepon.
brown, basal area more dark red, with an oblique almost straight line in the centre, and divergent with
it a submarginal line from the costal margin to the termen above the tornus, both black, outside slightly
bordered with lilac grey. Hindwing dark brown. West and East Africa.

51. Genus: fllliocemi Karsch.

Male antennae bipectinate, suddenly decreasing from the centre to the tips. Palpi similar as in Phorma.

Costal margin of forewing quite straight or even concave. In the hindwing 6+7 stalked, 8 shortly anastomoses
with the cell. In the forewing 7 stalked with 10, these stalked with the stalk of 8 + 9. To this genus probably
also belong some of the species mentioned as Thosca.

0. syrtis Schs. <£• Clem. (75 b) (= ganale Pagenst.). Forewing brown, basal area mostly darker, distal syrtis.

area often irrorated with whitish, with two transverse lines being posteriorly strongly divergent in the + less

so in the §. In the whole of West Africa as far as Natal, Southern Sudan. The species varies somewhat.

Forelegs with a silvery spot.

0. convergens sp. n. (75 b). Similar to syrtis, but the exterior transverse line is not parallel to the convergens.
margin, but posteriorly convergent with it, the interior transverse line is outside bordered by a lighter colour.

Eastern Transvaal to East Africa. <+ $ types from the White River in the Berlin State Museum, also from
Mohorro.

0. thanatos sp. n. (75 b). The length of the male antennal pectinations gradually decreases to the thanatos.

tips. Wood-coloured grey, mixed with ochreous and blackish. Forewing grey, dusted somewhat darker, the

slightly darker basal area undulately defined, especially below the cell deeply indented, the exterior transverse
line near the distal margin into which it terminates in the lower third. Hindwing and under surface light grey,
dusted with a darker grey. Male type from Kibwezi in the Berlin State Museum (Coll. Oberthur). Uganda.

0. micacea Btlr. (75 b). Forewing reddish silvery grey, with an oblique median line and convergent micacea.
with it a subterminal line becoming indistinct towards the inner margin, both lines red. Hindwing, more
intensely the forewing beneath, and part of thorax greyish-red. Madagascar.

52. Genus: Niphadoleipis Karsch.

Antennae also in the $ plain, palpi moderately long, slightly upturned, hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs.

In the hindwing 6+7 stalked, 8 free, in the forewing 7 — 9 stalked, veins 10 and 11 anteriorly very convex.
Habitually similar species are also to be found among the Narosa. The genus may coincide with Gavara.

N. nivata Karsch (75 c). White, thorax green, in front brownish. Forewing white, with a pale olive nivata.
green straight antemedian transverse band, another one extending across the cross-vein, where it bifurcates
towards the inner margin, the exterior branch bifurcating once more at the tornus, a third from the costal
margin before the apex to the distal margin along which it extends for some distance. At the posterior angle
of the cell and at the termen below the apex one jet-black dot each, single black scales on the surface of the
wings. Hindwing white. Togo.

N. lactea Pagenst. (75 c). Body white, abdomen yellowish. Forewing white, with 4 almost parallel, lactca.
undulating brownish-yellow transverse lines and a black central dot, some black marginal dots at the apex.

Fringe white, speckled with brownish. Hindwing white, in the distal portion shaded with brown, at the margin
below the apex black dots. Expanse: 15 — 20 mm. Ganale, North-East Africa, German East Africa.

N. sinistra sp. n. (75 c). Similar to lactea, the basal transverse stripe is absent or only distinct at the sinistra.
inner margin. From the costal margin across the cross-vein a jet-black line, forming only a dot at the costal
margin in the + Hindwing of $ at the margin not grey. Female type from Daressalam (leg. A. Retjss) in the
Berlin State Museum, also from Mhonda.

N. soluta Karsch (75 c). Forewing white, the basal third dusted with olive green, bordered by a notched soluta.
line, also the distal third broad green, at the distal margin intermixed with lilac-grey, so that only a median
band being somewhat darkened and expanded at the inner margin remains white. Hindwing white, more
or less dusted with greyish ochre. Togo.

N. elegans Wichgr. Forewing white, inside slightly tinted yellowish, a metallic olive green transverse elegans.
band, 2 mm broad, mixed with black, outside of it another one being shorter and less regular, and connected
with the apex at vein 6, so that two semicircular white areas are defined at the distal margin. At the margin
in areas 7 and 8 two black dots. Hindwing white, around the apex three oblong black marginal spots. Expanse;

23 mm. German East Africa. (Unknown to me.)

468

LEMBOPTERIS ; PACHYPHLEBINA : TEINORHYNCHA. By Dr. M. Hering.

luxuriosa.

auricincta.

afflicta.

imp rob a.

alianta.

argenico-

brunnea.

quinquestri-

gata.

puella.

degenerata.

umbra.

N. luxuriosa sp. n. (75 c). Similar to elegans, with a broad olive green median band mixed with blackish
and lead-colour, distally to it a narrow and indistinct transverse line which, in the prolongation of the cell, is
broadly connected with the median band, besides some green dusting before the apex. Below the apex 2 or 3,
above the tornus one tiny black dot. Hindwing white, at the apex traces of a blackish marginal line. Body
whitish, thorax more yellowish. Forewing beneath white with a green costal margin, hindwing white, o type
from Tabora (leg. A. Reuss) in the Berlin State Museum.

N. auricincta Btlr. (75 c) (lacides Drc.). Forewing white, with 5 tan-coloured transverse lines, 3 black
marginal dots at the apex and one at the tornus. Hindwing white; with a narrow brown marginal band.
Segmental margins of abdomen golden yellow. East Africa.

N. afflicta sp. n. (75 c). Body wiiite, abdomen somewhat ochreous. Forewing more oblong, with a
more oblique margin than in the preceding species, dusted with brownish, and with two brownish, strongly
zigzag-shaped oblique transverse lines which are almost contiguous; towards the base from the inner line an
oblique streak straight from the inner margin to the cell. At the apex a brown crescentiform spot, similar
ones at the lower portion of the margin. Hindwing white. Cameroon. Female type from Buea, in November,
also from Rei Buba in June (Berlin State Museum).

N. improba sp. n. (75 c). Forewing short and rounded, of a lustrous greyish wiiite, with an irregular
dark brown irroration at the inner margin near the base, a dark brown indistinct postmedian line being strongly
excurved in the anterior part, and a dark brown spot at the cell-end. Distal margin fine brown, at the tornus
somewhat broader. Hindwing wiiite. kinder surface of forewing in the costal half (at the termen broader) deep
dark brown. Body w'hitish, with brown abdominal tufts. Cameroon. Male type from Ngoko Station in the
Berlin State Museum. In April.

N. alianta Karsch (75 c). Forewing brown, with a purple median band which is centrally somewhat
strangulated, and towards the base defined by a light line, then by a darker line. From its outside at the costal
margin obliquely to the termination of vein 2 extends a darker brown band which ends in 1 or 2 black marginal
dots. At the margin below the apex another black dot. Hindwing ochreous, sometimes more or less darkened
brown. East Africa.

N. argenteobrunnea Strd. (75 c). Forewing lustrous whitish, with 3 or 4 brown transverse lines which
are expanded to broad spots at the inner margin, at the tornus 1 or 2 deep brown dots. Hindwing greyish
ochreous. Spanish Guinea.

N. quinquestrigata Strd. (75 d). Forewing brownish, at the margin somewhat whitish, with 4 oblique
dark brown transverse stripes, the two interior ones not reaching the costal margin, the third strongly flawed
at 1 c and containing a black dot, the fourth slightly curved to the tornus which it does not reach, in some
places crossed yellow' by the veins. Hindwing dark yellow'. Spanish Guinea.

53. Genus: I^emboptcris Btlr.

Antennae plain. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of long spurs. In the forewing 7—9 stalked. In the hindwing
3 and 4 from the same place, 6 + 7 stalked.

L. puella Btlr. (75 d). Forewing snow-white, costal margin narrow ochreous, 2 black dots at the apex
and 2 in the centre, one of which is below vein 2, the other below vein 6. Hindwing pale golden straw-coloured,
with a blackish apical dot. British East Africa. (Unknown to me.)

54. Genus: Pachyplilebina gen.nov.

Antennae to the ends plainly pectinated. Palpi moderately long, slightly upturned, hind tibiae with 2
pair of very long spurs. In the forewing veins 4 — 6 rise separated from each other below the upper cell-angle,
9 + 10 stalked, 11 anteriorly very convex, together with 9 + 10, or on a short stalk. Anterior edge of cell at
this place as well as the base of the stalk strongly thickened. In the hindwing the cell is only as long as + of
the wing, 6 + 7 on a short stalk, 8 right behind the base strongly divergent with the cell. Type of the genus:

P. degenerata sp.n. (75 d). Forewing lustrous loam-coloured grey, with 4 blackish transverse lines,
the two inner ones in the middle very much broken, the lower portion of the last line adjoining to the margin.
Hindwing dark grey, fringe speckled lighter. Cameroon. Male type from Loloclorf in the Berlin State Museum.

55. Genus: Teinorliyuclia Holl.

Female antennae plain. Palpi very long, projecting snout-like, laterally compressed. Allied to the
Indian genus Scopelodes.

T. umbra Holl. Body reddish-brown, palpi dark brown. Forewing brown, with an indistinct dark
median transverse line and a more distinct one from the costal margin before the apex to the margin above
the tornus. Hindwing pale reddish brown. All the fringes darker. On the under surface some golden scales
near the base of the hindwing. Expanse: 42 mm. Ogove. (Unknown to me.)

MIRESA; SEMYRILLA. By Dr. M. Hering.

469

56. Genus: Miresa Wllcr.

One third of male antennae long bipectinate, hind tibiae with l pair of spurs, in gilba with 2 pairs.

Palpi short, not projecting beyond the frontal tuft. In the hindwing veins 6+7 from the same place or
stalked, 8 with the cross- vein to the anterior edge of the cell near the base. In the forewing 7 and 10 from the
same place or stalked with the stalk of 8 + 9. Vein 11 straight, far towards the base. The genus is distributed
over the whole globe.

M. gilba Karsch (75 d). Forewing ochreous, with dense purple and brown transverse lines and at gilba.
with a curved row of brown, distally black-edged spots. Hindwing ochreous. West Africa.

M. coccinea Hmps. ( — intensior Rothsch.). Hind tibiae likewise with 2 pair of spurs. Body light rosy coccinea.
red. Forewing light rosy-red, with a blackish-grey antemedian transverse line, at the costal margin indistinct,
then excurved, then obiicpie, in the cell connected with a ring-macula which extends from below the costal
margin to the posterior edge of the cell and despatches streaks on veins 2 and 5 towards the margin. Hindwing
light red. Expanse: 28 mm. South Nigeria. It is surely identical with Micraphe lateritia Karsch. P. 452 (73 f).

M. haematoessa Hmps. presumably coincides with coccinea , and is said to differ in a blackish -grey haematoes-
longitudinal streak at the costal margin and posterior edge of the cell. In the form haematoessula Strd. the ; ^

ground-colour is ochreous instead of red. South Africa. (Micraphe lateritia. varies so much that these two Sula.

species might be identical with it.)

M. gracilis Btlr. (75 d). Body of <$ chiefly orange, of $ pinkish brown. Forewing pinkish brown, basal gracilis.
half darker, bordered by an undulate darker transverse line in the centre of the wing, another similar post¬
median line, both connected between veins 3 and 5 by a darker longitudinal ray. Hindwing of $ yellowish-
white, of $ somewhat lighter than forewing. Madagascar.

M. bilineata sp. n. (75 d). Body and forewing reddish brown, basal area of forewing indistinctly darker, bilineata.
with 2 almost parallel, undulating, postmedian transverse lines. Hindwing somewhat lighter. East Africa.

Male type from the Ukinga Mts. in the Berlin State Museum.

M. pyrosoma Btlr. (75 d). Larger and more robust than the preceding species, the orange body brightly pyrosoma.
contrasted by the red-brown tegulae. Forewing dark red-brown, distally lighter, the two transverse lines quite
indistinct. Hindwing from yellowish ochreous to red-brown. Madagascar.

M. melanosticta Beth.-B. Thorax and abdomen reddish-brown. Forewing reddish brownish-grey, with melanostic-
a basal dark purple brown spot below the cell, outside bordered by a very oblique, undulate, ochreous line,
extending from % of the costal margin to y3 °f the inner margin. A shorter ochreous V-shaped marking from
vein 5 to the inner margin near the tornus, in the upper space of which there are two black dots. An oblique
ochreous subapical shadow, inside bordered by a purple line and outside by a similar nebulous spot. Distal
margin fine ochreous grey. Hindwing reddish-brown. Expanse: 36 mm. Nandi. (Unknown to me.)

M. semicalida Hmps. (75 e). Somewhat like Brachia argyrogramma Karsch (73 f). Forewing red-brown, semicalida.
the sinuate median line silvery white, the space between it and the postmedian line dusted with greyish-brown.

Hindwing yellowish, suffused with reddish. Congo, Rhodesia. (Unknown to me.)

M. ustitermina Hmps. (75 e). Forewing dark brown. Base somewhat red, marginal band fiery red. ustitermina.
Hindwing pale greyish-brown. Congo, Transvaal, German East Africa. The extent of the lighter brownish-red
marking varies considerably.

M. strigivena Hmps. Body yellowish- white. Forewing pale ochreous, with a narrow white band from strigivena.
the costal margin beyond the centre, excurved below the costal margin, then oblique to the centre of the inner-
margin. Veins in the marginal half fine black. Hindwing silky white. Expanse: 34 mm. South Nigeria.

(Unknown to me; it may belong to Delorhachis.)

M. rotundata sp. n. (75 e). Antennae of <$ long bipectinate to the tips, hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, rotundata.
in the forewing 10 + 7 +8+9 stalked. Body whitish ochreous, abdomen darker. Forewing yellowish-white
with a broad securiform band towards the centre of the margin, containing the white cross-vein spot which is
surrounded by dark, and being outside bordered by a darker colour. Two fine brown subterminal lines. Apex
very round. Hindwing whitish, more or less dusted with purple brown. German East Africa. + 2 types from
Amani (in the Berlin State Museum).

57. Genus: Seiliyrilla Auriv. ( —Hyphomwides Strd.)

Antennae of $ with double pectinations decreasing towards the apices. Palpi very long, upturned. Hind
tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the hindwing 8 in the middle connected with the anterior edge of the cell by the
cross-vein, 6+7 stalked. In the forewing the discal cell is open, 7 — 9 stalked, together with 10.

S. lineata Holt. (= obliquestrigata Strd.) (75 e). Forewing dark brown, with a silvery spot at the cell-end lineata.
and a very oblique and rounded band of thin silvery dusting which is greatly widened towards the inner margin :

470

PROLATOIA; BARILLA; NAT ADA ; COCHLIDION. By Dr. M. Hbbing.

perilcuce.

sjostedti.

transver¬
sal ct.

chrysaspis.

chrysaspo-

des.

amicta.

julia.

undina.

desperata.

cretacea.

a similar one is also along the distal margin. Hindwing brown. Congo to Cameroon. In the habitus it recalls
American species of Sibine.

58. Genus: Prolatola Auriv. ( —Haplomiresa Auriv.)

Palpi projecting far beyond the head, slender, hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the hindwing 6 -j- 7
stalked; in the forewing 7 and 8 from the same place or on a short stalk, absent.

P. perileuce Hold. Frons and collar reddish. Thorax and abdomen above dark lead-coloured, beneath
whitish. Forewing dark lustrous lead-coloured. Hindwing black, with broad whitish fringe. Forewing beneath
with a pale lead-coloured marginal line. Expanse: 23 mm. Ogove. (Unknown to me.)

P. sjostedti Auriv. (75 e). Body orange. Forewing lead-coloured, with an orange basal spot and dark
veins. Hindwing blackish, at the base orange. Beneath the light markings are somewhat more extensive.
Cameroon, Spanish Guinea.

59. Genus: Hnrilla Dyar.

Antennae basally with laminiform pectinations. Palpi moderately long, projecting beyond the
frontal tuft. Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. In the hindwing vein 8 is connected with the anterior edge
of the cell by the cross-vein near the base, 6 -j- 7 stalked. In the forewing the cell is closed, 7 — 9 stalked,
together with 10, vein 11 straight.

B. transversata Holl. (75 e). Forewing golden orange, towards the costal margin more brownish, with 2
black lines which are very divergent posteriorly. Hindwing ochreous, veins brownish. Cameroon to Congo

60. Genus: l^atatla Wlkr.

Antennae of G bipectinate to the tips. Palpi moderately long, slightly projecting beyond the frontal
tuft. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the hindwing 8 anastomoses near the base, 6 + 7 stalked. In the
forewing 7 and 10 separated from the stalked 8 + 9. Vein 11 straight. Common in South America and Indo-
Australia.

N. chrysaspis limps. Forewing ochreous to greyish, with 2 black dots at the cell-end and a series of
marginal dots. Hindwing ochreous, with short blackish internerval streaks at the margin, in - f. chrysaspodes
Strd. (75 e) predominantly suffused with blackish-brown, except at the base, inner margin and fringe. In the
female the body and forewing are densely dusted brown and black. Transvaal, Cape Colony.

N. amicta Swh. Body and wings ochreous grey, costal margin of forewing darker, with a broad pink
longitudinal streak from the base to the margin. Front and middle legs pink. Expanse: 28 mm. Bihe, West
Africa. It may be closely allied with Macroplecta rosea. (Unknown to me.)

N. julia Drc. Forewing reddish-brown, along the median nerve blackish, hindwing tawny, fringe and
inner margin darker brown. Body light golden brown, legs dark brown. Expanse: 38 mm. West Africa.
(Unknown to me; perhaps identical with Ctenolita cerdo.)

N. undina Drc. Forewing in basal half dark blackish-brown, in distal half pale drab. A submarginal
black line extends from the costal margin before the apex to the inner angle, where it is dissolved into dots.
Hindwing silky drab. Under surface red-brown. Body lemon-coloured, abdomen dark brown. Expanse:
38 mm. West Africa. (Unknown to me, according to Aurivillius = Tryphax cinereus Holl.)

N. desperata sp.n. (75 e). Body ochreous golden-yellow, forewing golden-yellow, margins and cross¬
vein somewhat darker. Hindwing blackish-brown, fringe ochreous golden-yellow. Sierra Leone. Female type
from Freetown in the Berlin State Museum.

61. Genus: Cocfiilitfioii Hbn. (—Limacodes)

Antennae in both sexes plain, palpi moderately long, projecting beyond the frontal tuft, hind tibiae
with 2 pair of spurs. In the hindwing vein 8 anastomoses near the base with the anterior edge of the cell. 6
and 7 rise separately. In the forewing 7 and 10 separated from the stalked 8+9, 11 straight. A palaearctic
and nearctic genus; it appears to be doubtful whether the only African species described here (unknown to me)
belongs to the genus.

C. cretacea Holl. Body white. Forewing lustrous white, with a pale brownish spot at %. Hindwing
white, with a large, almost triangular spot in the centre pale brown. Under surface white, costal margin of
fore wing brown. Expanse: 12 mm. Ogove.

APLUDA; PARAPLUDA; ANDRALLOCHROMA; ECCOPA. By Dr. M. Hering.

471

62. Genus: Aplu<l«i WUgm.

Antennae of laminiformly pectinated at the base. Palpi laterally compressed, projecting, at the ends
widened, last joint drooping. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the hindwing vein 8 anastomoses long with
the anterior edge of the cell, the anterior portion of the cell is retracted towards the base, 6 + 7 stalked. In the
forewing 7 -9 stalked, so separated from them, 11 straight.

A. plebeja Wllgr. Forewing from reddish brown to greyish-brown, basal half of y darker, with two plebeja.
posteriorly very divergent transverse lines proceeding from the same place (contrary to similar species of
Omocena). Hindwing somewhat paler. Central and East Africa.

A. vesana sp. n. (75 a). Body and forewing brown, the latter with a blackish dot at the cell-end and vesana.
a whitish-grey oblique line from the costal margin before the apex to the inner margin before the tornus, being
incurved below vein 2. Hindwing brown, with a slight blackish tint. German East Africa. Female type from
Usambara in the Berlin State Museum.

63. Genus: Parapluda Auriv.

Separated from the preceding genus by but one pair of spurs of the hind tibiae, the antennae of the
$ being bipectinate at the base.

P. Invitabilis Wllgr. (75 f). Wings white with a fine brown margin, forewing with a brown costal and invitdbilis.
inner margin, an oblique stripe from the centre of the costal margin to the distal margin below the apex,
bifurcating at the end, and two oblique brown transverse stripes, all the markings being connected. Cameroon.

Transvaal, Natal, German East Africa.

P. similis Di-st. (75 f). Similar to the preceding species, the oblique transverse stripes above vein 2 similis.
connected with each other, but the inner margin between them white. The exterior transverse stripe is situate
more basad, the stripe from the costal margin does not reach the distal margin. German East Africa, Transvaal,

Natal.

P. incincta Hmps. (75 f) (9 = schaliphlebia Hmps .) Similar to similis, the brown stripes on the fore wing incincta.
broader and thicker, the exterior transverse stripe anteriorly touches the distal margin or goes into the apex.

German East Africa, Southern Sudan, Uganda.

P. syngrapha Hmps. is separated from the others by the costal margin being yellow as far as beyond syngrapha.
the middle. Beside the usual brown markings a subterminal band between veins 2 and 5. Expanse: 24 mm.

Gold Coast. (Unknown to me.)

P. monogram ma Hmps. (75 f). White, forewing in the inner-marginal half with a vertical thin ante- monogram-
median row of dots and a more distinct postmedian row. Before the apex 1 or 2 black fine dots. East Africa.

64. Genus: A udrallo chroma Karsch.

A and $ very different. Antennae of A basally bipectinate, of $ bare. Palpi of $ short of $ long
with a drooping last joint. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. In the hindwing 8 with the cross- vein near the
base, in the $ in the centre of the cell, 6+ 7 stalked. In the forewing 7 — 9 stalked. 10 free, in the $ 7 to¬
gether from the same place with 8+9.

A. melampepla Holl. (75 f, g). body above blackish, in front and belowp orange brown. Wings uni- melampep-
coloured blackish, the forewings very elongate, the margin of the hindwing very concave. $ (— lamborni ,a

Beth.-B.) orange, with a grey margin in both wings, being broadest at the apex. Cameroon.

A. bicolor Strd. (75 f). Only the $ is known: thorax and base of abdomen also above brownish-red, bicolor.
both wings in the centre somewhat diaphanous, margin of hindwing straight, forewing shorter. Spanish Guinea.

A. rufivena sp. n. (75 g). Body and hindwing ochreous. Forewing sulphur-coloured, veins broad ochreous. rufivena.
Hindwing basally somewhat diaphanous, veins darker. Cameroon. Male type from Bipindi in the Berlin State
Museum.

65. Genus: JEccopa Karsch.

Antenne of £ basally bipectinate. Palpi short, hind tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. In the hindwing 6 + 7
stalked, 8 anastomosing near the centre of the cell with its anterior edge. In the forewing 7 — 9 stalked. The
$ being still unknown will probably look very different.

E. oculila Karsch (75 f). Body black, abdomen beneath narrowly and basally on the sides yellow. Fore- oculita.
wing black, with a large round yellow spot. Hindwing yellow, in the centre hyaline, with a black cross-vein
dot and a black marginal band which is very narrow in the centre. Cameroon.

472

STROTER; HEGETOR; GAVARA; NAROSANA; CASPHALTA. By Dr. M. Herisg.

comatus.

capillatus.

Jierculeus.

velatina.

leucomera.

campto-

gramma.

agbaja.

cxircinea.

flavicoliis.

66. Genus: Stroter Karsch.

Antennae of $ basally bipectinate, palpi short, hardly projecting beyond the frontal tuft. Hind tibiae
with 1 pair of spurs. Abdomen projecting very far beyond the hindwing. In the hindwing vein 8 anastomoses
with the anterior edge of the cell near the base, 6 + 7 stalked. In the forewing 7—9 stalked.

St. comatus Karsch (75 g). Thorax above green. Forewing purple brown, with a green median band, in
the basal area a few light red-brown dots. Hindwing ochreous, at the margin purple brown. Cameroon. (Some¬
what like Latoia viridi fascia, without its light marginal dusting.)

St. capillatus Karsch (75 g) (= tripartitus Beth.-B.). Forewing dark green, marginal half and a basal
area which does not reach the costal margin, grey, clouded darker. Hindwing golden yellow, distal portion
blackish-grey with brown veins. West and East Africa.

67. Genus: Hegetor Karsch.

Antennae of $ bipectinate to the tips, palpi projecting but little beyond the frons. In the hindwing 8
anastomoses with the anterior edge of the cell before the middle and withdraws then far. 6+7 stalked. In the
forewing 7 on a short stalk with 8+9, 10 and 11 straight.

H. herculeus Karsch (75 h). Forewing brown with a broad white median line, the inner margin and cos¬
tal margin as far as this line white. Veins white. Hindwing white, with a brown marginal band traversed
white by the veins. Only 1 specimen known, from Cameroon.

68. Genus: Oavara Wlkr. ( = Pletura Wllgrn.)

Palpi long, slightly rising. Antennae plain in the + Vein 1 1 of forewing anteriorly very convex.

G. velutina Wkr. (= squamosa Wllgr., leprosa Fldr.) (75 f). Forewing brownish, at the margin more
yellowish, with 3 broad, irregular, lustrous pale purple bands. Hindwing brown, at the margin somewhat lighter.
East Africa, Natal.

G. leucomera Hmps. (75 f) Forewing white, with a reddish-brown tint, except the margin. An oblique
reddish-brown antemedian transverse shadow, a black dot at the cell-end, from there an indistinct reddish un¬
dulate line to the inner margin, a curved reddish line from the centre of the costal margin to the fold above
the tornus, at the margin a series of reddish streaks. Hindwing white, tinted with reddish-brown, with a fine
brownish marginal line. Expanse: 16 mm. Somaliland.

G. campiogramma Hmps. Body white, mixed with ochreous and brown. Forewing white, dusted with
brown; a small black dot in the centre of the cell: an indistinct line from the cell to the inner margin, out¬
side somewhat whitish; a black dot at the cell-end. Postmedian line white, inside dusted with brown, at veins
6, 3 and 2 excurved, then retracted and oblique to the inner margin. A dark marginal line from the apex to
vein 3. Hindwing silky white, scantily dusted with brown. Expanse: 20 mm. East Africa. (Unknown to me.)

69. Genus: ETarosana Beth.-B.

Palpi short, porrect, last joint very small. Antennae of <$ with short cilia. Wings short and broad, costal
margin of forewing straight, inner margin as in Trachyptena with a lobe of scales, which however is near the base,
veins 2 and 3 separated, veins 2 4 very concave, 8—10 stalked, 11 from the cell, short. In the hindwing

6 + 7 on a long stalk.

N. agbaja Beth.-B. Body and wings pale yellowish-grey, forewing with a small dot at the cell-end.
Hindwing pale straw-colour. Expanse: 21 mm. Northern Nigeria. (Unknown to me.)

70. Genus: CasplialJa Wlkr. (=Zaracha Wlkr.)

Antennae of basally bipectinate, of $ plain. Palpi very short and insignificant. Hind tibiae with
1 pair of spurs. In the hindwing 8 anastomoses with the anterior edge of the cell shortly before the centre,
6 + 7 on a long stalk. In the forewing 10 stalked with 7 and 8 + 9, 11 straight.

C. extranea Wkr. (75 g). Body ochreous; thorax above greyish-brown, tegulae white, with a black spot
and costal margin, patagia in front reddish- yellow, head blackish. Forewing greyish-brown, veins in the costal
portion towards the base white. Cross-vein broad dark, behind it a diaphanous whitish oblique band. Hind-
wing ochreous, with a dark brown marginal band and central spot. Congo, Cameroon.

C. flavicoliis Wkr. (= buchholzi Pltz.) Blackish-brown, thorax in front yellow, chest and abdomen be¬
neath ochreous. Hindwing pale yellow, with a black marginal band which is broadest at the apex and is co¬
herent with a black central dot from the costal margin. Sierra Leone. (Unknown to me.)

Publ. 21. IX. 192S.

ZARACHELLA. By Dr. M. Herino.

473

C. nigerrima Roll. (75 g). Blackish-brown; patagia in front, underside, and part of abdominal margins nigerrhua.
above reddish ochreous, tegulae in the anterior halves white. Hindwing unicoloured or with a yellow lunar
spot at the cell-end. In the $ abdomen orange, with a dark dorsal stripe. Cameroon, Spanish- Guinea, Congo.

C. elegans Jord. Black, some yellow hairs on frons and palpi, patagia reddish yellow, tegulae with a elcgans.
large sulphur-coloured spot. Chest and abdomen orange. Apex of abdomen in the $ black. Forewing brownish-
black, a small basal dot and a subapical macular band sulphur-coloured. Hindwing pale yellow, with a slight
orange tint, in the $ orange, with a narrow black marginal band which is continued in the £ at the inner margin
to the base, and a black cross- vein dot, in the $ united with the black costal margin. Expanse: 26- 36 mm.

Gold Coast. (I did not see this species.)

C. nigridorsa Auriv. (75 h). Anterior body brownish-black, patagia for the most part as well as abdomen nigridorsa.
and underside ochreous, tegulae white, at the ends black, with two large black medial spots. Forewing blackish-
brown, with a white basal dot and a white transparent, dark-veined subapical band. Hindwing yellow, with
a broad blackish-brown marginal band and medial spot. In the <§ the hindwing is chiefly black; yellow are
only the cell and a short space beyond in front of it, the abdomen is above chiefly blackish. In May. Cameroon,

Gabun.

C. picta Sells, d' Clem. (75 h). Body orange; thorax above, ends of tegulae and of abdomen bluish-black, pida.
Forewing black, basal third (except the extreme base) and an elliptical subapical spot light orange. Hindwing
yellow, with a broad black marginal band and a fine discal dot. Sierra Leone, Cameroon.

C. citrimaculata Auriv. (75 h). Body black, patagia narrowly rusty red, abdomen with 5 orange spots dtrimacu-
beneath. Forewing black, with a roundish lemon-coloured transverse spot behind the cross- vein. Hindwing
lemon-coloured, with a black marginal band and central dot. Cameroon.

C. elongata Jord. resembles citrimaculata, but chest and abdomen are unicoloured black. Forewing elongata.
long and narrow, without the tornus being indicated. Length of forewing 20 mm, width 7 mm. British East
Africa, October. (I have not seen this species.)

71. Genus: Xarachella Jord.

Similar to the preceding genus, in the forewing the anterior cell-angle is strongly produced, vein 10
rises separately, 7 -9 stalked; 2 + 3 on a short stalk. In the hindwing between veins 7 and 8 no cross- vein.

Hindwing with an entirely rounded apex and tornus, costal margin strongly curved.

Z. specularis Jord. Black, somewhat purple, antennae apicallv white. A central spot on the frons, a specularis.
transverse spot on each side of the patagia, a lateral tuft at the end of the thorax, a small costal-marginal
spot in the forewing above and in the hindwing beneath white. In the forewing a transparent white spot above
the tornus outward of the cell, a similar central one in the hindwing. Length of forewing 1417, of hindwing
7 mm. Natal (I have not seen this species.)

Ptilura argyraspis Roll, is a Notodontida , Adrallia bipunctata Wkr. is an Arctiida, and Rhynclwferella
simplex Strd. is a microlepidopteron.

Alphabetical List

wit reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the African Limacodidae.
* signifies that the form is also figured at the place quoted.

aetitis Taed. Wllgrn. Wien. ent. Monschr. 7, p. 141 (1863).
affinis Paras. Mab. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 10, p. 52 (1890).
afflata Phlebod. Krsch. Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 268 (1896).
afflicta Niphad. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 468.*
agbaja Narosan. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 16, p. 200
(1915).

albescens Macropl. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 137
(1910).

albicosta Lat. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 145 (1910).
albifrons Lat. Guer. Icon. R. Anim. Ins., p. 512 (1844).
albilinea Lat. Hmps. Ann. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 146 (1910).
albilineata Thos. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6. p. 138
(1910).

albiramosa Coenob. Wkr. List. Lep. B. Mus. 32, p. 483 (1865).
albiviata Tiros. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 138
(1910).

albovenosaParyph. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 453. *
alianta Niphad. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 25, p. 143 (1899).

XIV

amator Delor. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 462. *
arnica Delor. Her. in Seitz, iMacrolep. 14, p. 462. *
amicta Natad. Swh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 548 (1906).
amoena Coenob. Fldr. Reis. Novar. Heteroc. t. 99 f . 17 (1874).*
anacompa Ctenol. Karscli Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 273 (1896).
ananii Paras. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 278 (1896).
angustifascia Lat. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p.466.*
ansorgeiAlth. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)7. p. 571 (191 1 ).
aprica Hadr. Karsch , Ent. Nachr. 25, p. 130 (1899).
argenteobrunnea Niphad. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1912 A. 12,
p. 40 (1912).

argentilinea Coenob. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 20, p. 250 (1899).
argentolineata Brach. Wichgr. Int. Ent. Zeitschr. Guben 15,
p. 172, (1922).

argyrobapta Ctenol. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 25, p. 138 (1899).
argyrogramma Brach. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 274 (1896).
auiibasalis Ctenol. Holt. Ent. News. Philad. 1893, p. 105
t, VII f. 4. *

60

474

Alphabetical List of the African Limacodidae.

aui’icincta Niphacl. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld., p. 437 t. 32 f . 9
(1898). *

aurifrons Thos. Beth. -B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p.567
(1911).

barbipes Thlipt. Mah. Ann. »Soc. ent. Fr. 68, p. 724 (1900).
basibrunnea Birth. Beth.-B. Tr. ent. Soc. Ld. 1904, p. 151.
bicolor Andrall. Strd. Arcii. Naturg. 1912 A. 12, p. 37.
bilineata Mires. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 469. *
bilineata Zin. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 456. *
bisecta Paryph. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1898, p. 437 t. 32
f. 10. *

biumbrata Paryph. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 137
(1910).

brunnea Fuel. Holt. Ent. News Philad. 1393, p. 103 t. 7 f. 9. *
brnnnescens Phlebod. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 449. *

cambouei Paras. Utah. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 10, p. LI1I. (1892).
camptogramma Gav. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 149 (1910).
canescens Lat. Wkr. List Lep. B. Mus. Y, p. 1126 (1855).
capillatus Stroter Karsch Ent. Nadir. 25, p. 134 (1899).
carnapi Paras. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 25, p. Ill (1899).
castanea Naros. Mah. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 68, p. 724 (1900).
catori Paras. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 569
(191 I ).

catori Thos. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Hist. (8) 2, p. 257 (1908).
eerdo Ctenol. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22. p. 272 (1896).
chapmanni Paras. Ivy. Oat. Lep. Heteroc. 1, p. 544 (1892).
chionostola Alth. Hmps. Pi’oc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1910, p. 486
t. 39 f. 28. *

clitoris Thos. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1917, p. 245 t. 1 f. 5. *
cliloronoton Ooenob. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1916, p. 167
t. 2 f. 35. *

chrostisa Ctenol. Karsch Entom. Nachr. 22, p. 273 (1896).
ebrysaspis Nat. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 138 (1910).
ehrysaspodes Nat. Strd. Arch. f. Naturg. 1916 A. 3, p. 10.
cineracea Lat. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 276 (1892).
cinereus Tryph. Holt. Ent. News Philad. 1893, p. 107 t.' 7
f. 12. *

citrimaculata Casph. Auriv. Arkiv f. Zool. 2, p. 41 (1905).
coccinea Mires. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 139
(1910).

collini Lat. Mah. Bull. Soc. philom. (2) 8, p. 31 (1884).
comatus Strot. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 25, p. 135 (1899).
concavata Paras. Strd. Arch. f. Naturg. 1912 A. 12, p. 36.
concolor Parag. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 572
(1911).

confusa Sus. Wkr . List Lep. B. M. 32, p. 473 (1865).
convergens Omoc. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14
p. 467. *

cretacea Cochlid. Holt. Entom. News Philad. 1893 t. 7 f. 17. *
cretata Lat. Karsch Entom. Nachr. 25. p. 140 (1899).

decolor Paras. Karsch Entom. Nachr. 25. p. 142 (1899).
decorata Froth. Dist. Nat. Transvaal, p. 237 t. 2 f. 6 (1892). *
degenerata Pachyphl. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 468. *

desperata Nat. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14. p. 470. *
discophora Zin. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1910, p. 486
t. 39 f. 22. *

divisa Eucl. Holt. Ent. News Philad. 1893, p. 102 t. 7 f. 8.*
dodona Birth. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6. p. 177 (1910).

ebenaui Paras. Saalm. Her. Senckbg. Ges. 1877/78. p. 92.
ecclesiastica Macros. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 455.*

elegans Casph. Jord. Nov. Zool. 22, p. 277 (1915).
elegans Niphad. Wichgr. Int. Ent. Ztschr. Guben 15, p 117
(1921).

elongata Casph. Jord. Nov. Zool. 22, p. 276 (1915).
elsa Baria Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1887, p. 683 (1888).
epargyra Ctenol. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 272 (1896).
cthiopica Hadr. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 16, p. 202
(1915).

euehlora Paras. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 21, p. 366 t. 3 f. 6 (1895).*
eurota Oedem. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 16, p. 201
(1915).

expers Tryph. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 270 (1896).
exsanguis Macros. Saalm. Ber. Senckbg. Ges. 1880, p. 263.
extensa Phlebod. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 449. *

extranea Casph. Wkr. Prov. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow 1, p. 335
(1869).

fimbriata Paryph. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 274 (1896).
fiaccidia Naros. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 3, p. 474 (1899).
Hava Pseudom. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 572
(1911).

flavicollis Casph. Wkr. List Lep. B. M. 35, p. 1926 (1866).
flavieosta Lat. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 141
(1910).

flavissima Pseudom. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 466. *

fulgorifera Parathos. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 458.*

fulvi-corpus Coenob. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1896. p. 276
t. 10 f. 12. *

furfurea Lat. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 465. *
fuscifusa Macropl. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6. p. 136
(1910).

ganale Omoc. Pagenst. Jahrb. nass. Ver. Naturk. 56, p. 26
t. If. 9 (1903). *

gemmans Taed. Fldr. Reis. Nov. Heteroc. t. 82 f. 16 (1874).*
gilba Mires. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 25, p. 137 (1899).
g'loriosa Croth. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 455.*
gracilis Mires. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 24 (1882).
gravidipes Hilip. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 270 (1896).

haematoessa Mir. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p.139
(1910).

haematoessula Mir. Strd. Arch. f. Naturg. 1916 A. 3, p. 10.
habenicliti Ctenol. Wichgr. Int. ent. Ztschr. Guben 7, p. 9.
(1913).

hedyeliroa Naros. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)3, p. 427
(1909).

hemichlora Coenob. Grunb. Denkschr. mediz. Ges. .Tena 16,
p. 139 (1910).

lierculeus ILeget. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 25, p. 136 (1899).
hieraglyphica Macropl. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7,
p. 569 (1911).

hicroglypliica Macropl. i>. d. E. Lepid. Fatal. 32. p. 13 (1925).
hilda Ctenoc. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1887, p. 682.
humilis Paras. Mah. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 10, p. 53 (1890).
hyperdiffusa Macropl. Strd. Archiv f. Naturg. 1916 A. 3. p. 10.

ignorata Phlebod. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 450.
improba Niphadol. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14
p. 468. *

incincta Paraplud. Hmps. Trans. Zool. Soc. Ld. 19, p. 132
t. If. 25 (1909).

inclusa Probal. Wkr. List Lep. B. M. 32. p. 504 (1865).
inconsequens Scotin. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1896, p. 845.
incredibilis Trachyptenid. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 466. *

invitabilis Parapl. Wallgr. Wien. ent. Monschr. 4, p. 44
(1860).

infuscata Paras. Wichgr. Entom. Ztschr. Guben 22. p. 106
bis 197 (1908).

intacta Paryph. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 453. *
intensior Mires. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 28, p. 219 (1921).
interinissa Lat. Wkr. List Lep. B. M. 32. p. 479 (1865).
iracunda Macropl. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14.
p. 458. *

jnhannes Paras. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1, p. 118
(1898).

j (ilia Nat. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1887. p. 682.

karschi Paras. Dyar sq. Strand. Arch. Naturg. A. 12. p. 36/37
(1912).

lactea Niphad. Pagst. Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk. 56. p. 27
t. 1 f. 1 1 (1903).' *

lamborni Andrallochr. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)
16, p. 202 (1915).

laneeolata Paras. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 463.*
lateritia Micr. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 272 (1896).
latistriga Paras. Wkr. List Lep. B. M. V. p. 1141 (1855).
leprosa Gav. Fldr. Reis. Nov. Heteroc. 4 t. 82 f. 17 (1874).
leucomera Gav. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1916, p. 168
t. 2. f. 36. *

leucosticta Monem. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6. p. 147
(1910).

lineapunctata Thos. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7,
p.567 (1911).

lineata Semyrill. Holl. Ent. News Philad. 4, p. 102 t. 7. f. 7
(1893). * '

Alphabetical List of the African Limacodidae.

475

loxotoma Lat. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Mist. (8) 7, p. 570
(1911).

luxuriosa Niphad. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 468. *

maculata Paryph. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 454. *

marginata Cosum. Holl. Proc. LL St. Nat. Mus. 18, p. 251
(1895).

marmorata Macros. Saalvi. Ber. Senckbg. Ges. 1880, p. 263.
melampepla Andrallochr. Holl. Ent. News Philad. 4, p. 107
(1893).

melanosticta Mir. Belli. -B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 3, p. 426
(1909).

mei'idionalis Macropl. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 458. *

mesochloris Paras. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6,
p. 146 (1910).

mesocyma Macropl. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6. p. 136
(1910).

metallica Prostern. Saalm. Lep. Madag. 1, p. 208 (1884).
micacea Omoc. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 24.
microbasis Paras. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 146
(1910).

minor Scotinochr. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1916, p. 168
t. 2 f. 34. *

mitis Gepliyr. Karsch Ent. Nadir. 22, p. 271 (1896).
modesta Parapl. Belli.- B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 570
(1912).

molybdea Susie. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 140
(1910).

monogramma Paraplud. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6,
p. 148 (1910).

nana Lat. Holl. Ent. News Philad. 4, p. 103 t. 7 f. 15 (1893). *
nefas Macropl. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 459.*
neglecta Lat. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14. p. 466. *
nephochloeropis Naros. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 3,
p. 427 (1909).

nervosa Zin. Wkr. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow 1, p. 343
(1869).

nigerrima Caspli. Holl. Psyche 38, p. 397 (1893).
nigridorsa Caspli. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, 12, p. 40 (1905).
nigripalpis Inous Wkr. List Lep. B. M. V, p. 1096 (1855).
nigrisignata Stroteroid. Slrd. Arch. Naturg. 1912 A. 12, p. 37.’
nigrivenosa Delor. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 276 (1896).
nlgromaculata Trachypt. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 466. *

nivata Niphad. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 281 (1896).
nivosa Lat. Fldr. Reis. Novar. Heteroc. t. 83 f. 15 (1874). *
nobilior Ctenol. Holl. Ent. News Philad. 4, p. 105 t. 7 f. 3
(1893). *

nubilata Paryph. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 454.*

obliquilinea Macropl. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6,
p. 136 (1910).

obvia Feath. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1916, p. 167.
oculita Eccopa Karsch Ent. Nachr. 25, p. 133 (1899).
orbata Paryph. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 454.*

pallida Paras. Mschlr. Abh. Senckbg. Ges. 15, p. 78 f. 2
(1887). *

pepon Phorma Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 280 (1896).
perleuce Prolat. Holl. Ent. News Philad. 4, p. 108 t. 7 f. 10
(1893). *

peringueyi Parathos. Auriv. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 18, p. 242
(1921).

perseis Thos. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1917, p. 244 f. 4. *
personata Paryph. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 454.*

phlebodes Lat. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 277 (1896).
picta Lat. Wkr. List Lep. B. M. V, p. 1135 (1855).
picta Casph. Schaus & Clem. Sierra Leone Lep., p. 23 t. 2 f.

6 (1893). *

pinguis Macros. Saalm. Ber. Senckbg. Ges. 1880, p. 264.
plebeia Aplud. Wllgrn. Wien. ent. Monschr. 7, p. 141 (1863).
plebeia Paryph. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 25, p. 139 (1899).
ploetzi Zin. Schs. & Clem. Lep. Sierra Leone, p. 27 t. 2 f. 1
(1893). *

polana Cosum. Brc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1887, p. 682 t. 55 f.

8. *

postflavida Coenob. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 147
(1910).

prasina Taed. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 18, p. 161 (1896).

preussi Lepid. v. d. E. Cabal. 32, p. 33 (1925).
privativa Lat. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 466. *
prussi Paras. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 278 (1896).
puella Lembopt. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1898. p. 438
t. 32 f. 11. *

punctistriga Taed. Weym. Deutsch. entom. Zeitschr. 1908,
p. 732.

purpurea Delor. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14. p. 462. *
purpuripulcra Chrysamm. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 266
(1896).

pusilla Taed. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 20, p. 255 (1899).
pyrocausta Sus. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1910, p. 484 t.
' 39 f. 10 *.

pyrosoma Mires. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 3, p. 23 (1882).
pyrosomoides Ctenol. Holl. Ent. News Philad. 4, p. 104
' t. 7 f. 2 (1893). *

quinquestrigata Niphad. Slrd. Arch. f. Naturg. 1912 A. 12,
p. 40.

reeurvata Zin. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 137 (1910).
reducta Birtham. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 459.*
reginula Paras. Saalm. Lep. Madag. 1, p. 204 t. 4 f. 49. *
rosea Macropl. Beih.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 569
(1911).

rotundata Mires. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 469.*
rubrifusalis Alth. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 148
(1910).

rufa Trachypt. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 573
(1911).

rufibasalis Paryph. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14.
p. 454. *

ruficeps Tetraphl. Hmps. Trans. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1909, p. 133
t. 4 f. 36. *

rufilinea Paryph. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 8, p. 427
(1909).

rufivena Andrallochr. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 471. *

rufopallens Macropl. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1910, p. 485
t, 39 f. 16. *

rugosa Cosum. Wkr. List Lep. B. M. V, p. 1 1 13 (1855).

satanas Charistia Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 464.*
satura Paras. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 279 (1896).
scliultzei Delor. Auriv. Arkiv Zool. 2, 12, p. 39.
secta Ctenoc. Slrd. Arch. f. Naturg. 1912 A. 12, p. 40.
secuuda Phlebod. Slrd. Arch. f. Naturg. 1912 A. 12, p. 39.
semicalida Mires. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1910, p. 485
t. 39 f. 21. *

separata Paryph. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 275 (1896).
sericea Croth. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 5, p. 388 (1880).
serrata Thos. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 457. *
serratilinea Paras. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7.

p. 568 (1911).

similis Parapl. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 204 (1897).
singularis Paras. Btlr. Cist. Ent. 11. p. 298 (1878).
sinistra Niphad. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 467 *
sjostedti Haplomir. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 18, p. 222 (1897).
soluta Niphad. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 281 (1896).
sordida Rhypt. Holl. Ent. News Philad. 1893, p. 107 t. 7 f. 19*.
specularis Zarachell. Jord. Nov. Zool. 22, p. 278 (1915). *
squamosa Gar. Wlgr. Wien, entom. Monschr. 4, p. 45 (1860).
strigata Macrosem. Mab. Butl. Soc. philorn. (7) 3, p. 139
(1879).

strigivena Mires. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 139
(1910).

subpellucens Sporetol. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 25, p. 142 (1899).
subterminalis Hyphorm. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6,
p. 135 (1910).'

sudanensis Phlebod. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 450. *

sulcata Lepidor. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 20. p. 256 (1899).
syngrapha Parapl. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. nist. (8) 6. p. 148
(1910).

syrtis Omoc. Schs. & Clem. Lep. Sierra Leone, p. 28 t. 2 f. 3
' (1893). *

tamara Paras. Her. in Seitz. Macrolep. 14, p. 463.*
tenebrosa Macrosem. Btlr. Cist. Entom. Ill, p. 25 (1882).
tessmanni Paryph. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14.
p. 451. *

thanatos Omoc. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 467. *
torniplaga Parathos. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14,
p. 457. *

476

Alphabetical List of the African Limacodidae.

transversata Barilla Holl. Ent. News Philad. 4, p. 104 t. 7.
f. 5 (1893). *

trapezoidea Paras. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 20, p. 253 (1899).
trilinea Naros. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 3, p. 427
(1909).

tripartitus Strot. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 569
(1911).

tripunctata Macropl. Mab. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 68, p. 724
(1900).

uelleburgensis Tryph. Strd. Archivf. Naturg. 1912 A. 12, p. 41.
umbra Teinorrh. Holl. Ent. News Pliilad. 4, p. 106 t. 7 f. 13
(1893). *

uudina Tryph. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1887, p. 683.
undosa Thos. Faroe. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1917, p. 244 f. 6. *
unicolora Ctenol. Belli.- B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 568
(1911).

unilineata Zin. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 456. *

urda Paras. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1887, p. 681 t. 55 f. 7. *

ustitermina Mires. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1910, p. 485
t. 39 f. 11. *

valida Paras. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 4. p. 242 (1879).
velutina Glav. Wkr. List Lep. B. M. 12, p. 771 (1857).
venusta Sporetol. Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p.455.*
vesandoa Apluda Her. in Seitz, Macrolep. 14, p. 471.*
vigoratus Tryph. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 270 (1896).
villosipes Paras. Strd. Stettin, ent. Zeit. 1911, p. 373.
viridicosta Lat. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 141
(1910).

viridifascia Lat. Holl. Ent. News Philad. 4. p. 103 t. 7 f. 16
(1893). *

viridiplaga Delor. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 275 (1896).
viridissima Paras. Holl. Ent. News Philad. 1893, p. 102.
vitilena Lat. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 279 (1896).
vivida Paras. Wkr. List Lep. B. M. 32, p. 478 (1865).

CHRYSOPOLOMIDAE; CHRYSOPOLOMA. By Dr. M. Hering.

477

18. Family: ChrysopoSomidae.

Habitus similar to that of the Limacodidae, but the species lack the frenulum on the hindwing primarily,
thus also its base ; like in the Lasiocampidae, the costal margin of the hindwing is accordingly slightly produced
at the base. From the Lasiocampidae the Chrysopolomidae are at once discernible by the presence of the 3rd
inner-marginal vein (analis, 1 c). The antennae of the are long bipectinate to the tips, in the $ bare; in the
forewing veins 8+9 are stalked, from their stalk 7 or 10 may also rise. In the hindwing 6+7 are stalked
or they rise from the same place; vein 8 shortly anastomoses with the anterior edge of the cell, or it is connected
with it by an oblique cross- vein. Hind tibiae with middle and terminal spurs.

The species of the family have hitherto been found only in Continental Africa; their relations to other
families can probably be cleared up only when we know the early stages of a species.

1. Genus: dirysopoloma Auriv.

In the forewing vein 10 rises from the same place or stalked with 8 + 9; in the hindwing vein 8 is
connected with the anterior edge of the cell by an oblique bar. Margin of wings not angular.

1. Species with a light spot at the cross-vein of the forewing (at least in the di-

chi'. rudis Wkr. (76 a). Forewing yellowish ochreous, coarsely dotted blackish, with a blackish trans- rudis.
verse line and a round white cross-vein spot. Hinclwing ochreous with a blackish median line. Antennae dark
grey. Natal, Transvaal.

Chr. theorini Auriv. (76 a). Similar to rudis, larger, antennae brownish-yellow, the blackish transverse theorini.
line of the forewing more excurved, and the hindwing slightly speckled dark. Gold Coast to Gabun.

Chr. albidiscalis Hmps. Antennae black. Wings ochreous, without the coarse dark irroration, veins albidiscalls.
in the distal part somewhat darker. Both wings with a brown postmedian line, forewing with a white spot
at the cross- vein. Congo.

Chr. venata Auriv. (76 a). Antennae black, body orange brown mixed with white. Forewing yellowish- venata.
white, with dark brown veins, the brown postmedian line angled on vein 6; basal half (obliquely defined)
almost unicoloured brown; at the cross- vein a large white spot. Hindwing whiter, the postmedian line in front
shortened, distally to it with brown veins, all the fringes brown. Togo, Cameroon, Gabun.

Chr. crawshayi Auriv. (76 a). Forewing brownish ochreous, densely and coarsely dotted blackish, at crawshayi.
the cross-vein with a small, inconspicuous white spot. Hindwing of ^ light ochre, of $ brownish ochre. Antennae
black. East and Central Africa.

Chr. isabellina Auriv. (76 b). ($ — similis Auriv.). Antennae black, forewing of $ with a white cross- isabellina.
vein spot, in the $ unicoloured. Forewing light yellowish-grey, hindwing ochreous. Natal, Transvaal, German
East Africa.

Chr. pallens Her. (76 b). Like isabellina, but hindwing light grey like forewing and body. Transvaal, pallens.
German East Africa.

Chr. bicolor Dist. (76 b). $ similar to that of isabellina, forewing somewhat deeper yellow, base somewhat bicoior.
darkened. $ brownish ochre, costal half almost blackish; hindwing mostly coloured chestnut brown or blackish.

Transvaal.

inspersa.

nubila.

varia.

consp ur¬
ea ta.

flaviceps.

paupera.

restneia.

ansorgei.

o palin a.

microsticta

nigroeiliata

n ivea.

roseofascia-

ta.

ancilis.

478 CHRYSECTROPA; ECTROPA. By Dr. M. Hebing.

2. Both wings with a light spot at the cross-vein. Antennae yellowish.

Chr. inspersa Hmps. Forewing brownish-yellow, densely speckled darker, with a brown, slightly curved
postmedian line and a grey costal margin; hindwing similarly marked. Congo.

Chr. nubila Holl. Forewing purple grey, basally slightly darker, with somewhat darker speckles.
Postmedian line nearer to the margin than in inspersa, almost parallel to the margin, more bent. Hindwing
somewhat paler, at the base and inner margin with a slight pink tinge. Postmedian line more distinct and
broader than in forewing. Expanse: 40 mm. Congo.

3. No light spot at the cross-vein in any wing.

Chr. varia Dist. (76 c). Antennae blackish-grey. Forewing yellowish-grey, with an almost straight
postmedian transverse line and coarse blackish speckles. Hindwing ochreous, sometimes speckled somewhat
darker. Transvaal, German East Africa.

Chr. conspurcata Auriv. (76 c). Forewing darker, almost orange ochre, more densely watered blackish,
in the $ the distal third unicoloured black. Hindwing orange ochre, distal half of $ black, of $ densely speckled
black. Antennae black. German East Africa.

Chr. flaviceps Auriv. Isabel-grey, head and abdomen yellow, the latter with blackish dorsal rings.
Antennae black. Forewing Isabel-grey, densely dusted with coarse black dots, less so at the margin; costal
margin ochreous, hindwing above almost blackish. All the fringes ochreous. Expanse: 38 mm. Mashona Land.

Chr. paupera Her. (76 c). 9 near to varia, but without any dark transverse line on the forewing;

hindwing just as grey as forewing, not yellow, the coarse blackish dotting very insignificant. Costal margin
of forewing and basal line of fringe on both wings ochreous. Antennae black. Transvaal.

Chr. restricta Dist. (76 c). Forewing greyish yellow', in the basal half darkened, with a black, almost
straight transverse line. Hindwing ochreous. Antennae black. Transvaal.

Chr. ansorgei Beth.-B. Antennae black, body faded orange. Wings greyish ochre, veins fine black,
with traces of a broad darker postmedian line which is obtusely angled on vein 6 of the forewing. Expanse:
42 — 46 mm. Angola.

Chr. opalina Drc. Body yellowish-white, antennae pale brown. Forewing pale yellowish- white ; an
indistinct row of brownish-black dots crosses the wing from the costal margin near the apex to the inner margin
near tornus, the dot on the inner margin being the largest. Hindwing pale yellowish-white, from the apex to
the inner margin traversed by a double row of indistinct black dots; a similar indistinct row at the termen.
$ similar to the q, but much larger, with few scales, and opalescent. Expanse: $ 45, $ 64 mm. Cameroon. -
This species which I have not seen most probably does not belong to the Chrysopolomidae but to the Euptero-
tidae, perhaps to Phasicnecus.

Chr. microsticta Beth.-B. Body yellowish- white. Both wings washed out straw-colour, hindwing above
not dotted. Forewing in the basal two thirds speckled pale brownish-grey, in the distal third hardly speckled.
Expanse: 52 mm. Nairobi.

Chr. nigroeiliata Auriv. (76 c). Both wings as well as body and antennae unicoloured light grey.
Forewing only beneath the fine yellow costal margin with very scanty fine black irroration and a brown post-
median almost straight transverse line. Fringe of hindwing in the posterior half of the termen at the end jet-
black. Adamaua, Sannaga (Cameroon).

Chr. nivea Auriv. (76 d). Body white, antennae grey, patagia, palpi, and anterior hips orange. Anterior
tibiae and costal margin of forewing jet-black. From the apex of the fore wing a straight brownish-grey line
across both the wings to the inner margin of the hindwing. Fringe of hindwing (in fresh specimens) at the end
jet-black. Cameroon, Ugandas.

- P*a*tj^er^et (sc e

2. Genus: Oirysectropa Beth.-B.

In the forewing vein 10 rises separately from the stalk of 8 + 9, in the hindwing vein 8, for a short
distance, is fused with the anterior edge of the cell.

Chr. roseofasciata Auriv. (= unilinea Beth.-B.) (76 d). Forewing pale yellowish, with a straight
antemedian transverse line the colour of which varies between pinkish-violet and rust-colour, traversing both
wings, on its inner side in the cell with or without a black dot of coarse scales. In fresh specimens the whole
surface of the wings is very scantily strewn with coarse black scales. Veins beneath with a pinkish-brown tint.
West Africa, Cameroon to Gabun.

3. Genus : Ectropa Wllgrn.

Neuration similar to that of the preceding genus. Hindwing strongly angled.

Ect. ancilis Wllgr. (76 d). Wings brown, costal margin of forewing greyer, the dark postmedian line
strongly bent outward. Forewing with a dark cross-vein spot. Caffraria, Natal, Transvaal.

Original descriptions of the African Chr ysopolomidae.

470

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the African Chr ysopolomidae..

* signifies that the form is also figured at the place quoted.

albidiscalis Chrysop. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1910, p. 181
t. 10 f. 11. *'

ancilis Ectr. Wllgrn. Wien, entom. Monschr. 7, p. 112 (1863).
ansorg’ei Chrysop. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7. p. 566
(1911).

bicolor Chrysop. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 206
(1897).

conspurcata Chrysop. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 16, p. 119 (1895).
crawshayi Chrysop. Auriv. Trans, ent. Soc. Ld. 1901, p. 699
t. 33 f. 8. *

flaviceps Chrysop. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 22, p. 125 (1901).
inspersa Chrysop. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Ld. 1910, p. 181
t, 10 f. 16. *

isabellina Chrysop. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 16, p. 119 (1895).
microsticta Chrysop. Beth.-B. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7.
p. 566 (1911).'

nigrociliata Chrysop. Auriv. Arkiv. Zool. 2 (12), p. 38 t. 3 f.
6 (1905). *

nivea Chrysop. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 24, p. 106 (1903).
nubila Chrysop- Holl. Bull. Amer. Mus. 13, p. 322 (1920).
opalina Chrysop. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6. p. 176
(1910).

pallens Chrysop. Her. Deutscli. entom. Ztschr. 1925, p. 323.
panpera Chrysop. Her. Deutsch. entom. Ztschr. 1925, p. 323
restricta Chrysop. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 4, p. 362
(1899).

roseofasciata Chrysectr. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 20, p. 258 (1900).
rudis Chrysop. Wkr. List Lep. B. M. 32, p. 561 (1865).
theorini Chrysop. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 12, p. 288 t. 2 f. 3
(1891). *

varia Chrysop. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 4, p. 362 (1899).
yenata Chrysop. Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 16, p. 119 (1895).

)

Publ 23. V. 1029

PSYCHIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

481

19. Family: Psychidae.

The most interesting family of the Psychidae has been exhaustively dealt with in Vol. II (p. 351 — 353),
and in respect of its phylogeny and vast range we may refer to that volume. And we may add here that the
number of African Psychidae known has been quadrupled since (to about 50 species). This number, however,
is by no means final, and there must be many more to be discovered, since numerous sacs have been obtained
from the Ethiopian region, the imagines of which are still unknown.

In judging the abundance of the African Psychid fauna we must take into account that owing to the
insignificant appearance of most of the $$ and to the maggot-shape of all the these macrolepidoptera are
very much neglected by tropical collectors. They are rather seldom found in the open nature, which fact is
also proved in Central Europe where, in summer, we may come across numbers of sacs hanging about everywhere
in gardens, fields, and at the skirts of forests, on the banks of rivers and rocky walls, whilst the imagines are
of a relatively very rare occurrence, unless they be sought for. Many resemble the microlepidoptera in life,
and it is for this reason, too, that they are disregarded bv many tropical collectors. Another drawback is the
fact that there are but few places in the Ethiopian region, where the breeding of sacciferous Psychidae, which
mostly takes up much time, might be tried. We may imagine the way a collection of Psychidae would look,
after all breeding attempts having been neglected and the time of collecting confined in Europe or North
America, if the collectors would restrict themselves to merely capturing these lepidoptera ; the collection obtained
thereby would be entirely incomplete.

As in other primitive lepidoptera ( Hepialidae , Micropterygidae, Adelidae) and above all the primitive
insects of other orders (Ephemeridae), the occurrence of the imagines is temporally very limited, often confined
to hours *), and presumably for this reason they frequently occur in crowds. For months a district may be
scoured without meeting any Psychidae, when all of a sudden hosts of swarming $<$ will be discovered on
insignificant meadows or mountain-slopes, which, after few hours, have disappeared for the rest of the year.
One may wander about the alpine meadows of the Apennines for hours and days without getting sight of any
specimen of Phalactropteryx apiformis, until a chance provides the collector with a female ready for copulation
and encircled by a swarm of males **). These occasional meetings as well as the frequently enormous number
of larval sacs wandering about show how very much the part the Psychidae play in the household of Nature
is undervalued, if we confine our conclusions to the presence of male Psychidae in the explorers’ yields and in
non-specialised lepidoptera! collections.

In Vol. II we had already stated that the systematic position of the Psychidae is uncertain. In very
rare cases we are able to ascertain which of the peculiarities deviating from most of the other lepidoptera!
groups are due to ontogenetic arrears and which are attributable to secondary re-formations caused by the
sac-life ***). It may be that their formerly assumed close homogeneousness with the Talaeporiidae is to be
regarded more as the effect of convergency, whereas a great resemblance to the Hypopta may be the expression
of real relationship. In so far as the Cossidae and Metarbelidae ( Arhelidae ) are more correctly considered as groups

*) Standfuss observed, the death of a male in the act of copulation with another female, the male having lived for
hardly one hour.

**) According to Standfuss, the human perspiration is said also to allure the males of this Psychid species.

***) The conclusion that such a re-formation took place here in a lepidopteron which had formerly also been winged
in the female, is corroborated by the observation that wing-cases were discovered on the pupae of entirely wingless females
of Psychidae (in Psychidea and Fumea ). C'f. Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 1909, p. 90.

XIV

61

482

PSYCHIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

of microlepidoptera which have chiefly grown out of this artificial lepidopteral division only by their size, we
may say to-day that the Psychidae are more related with the “Micros” than with the Bombycid families com¬
monly denoted as ,,Macrolepidoptera”, near to which they are often placed.

The Psychidae being such an old lepidopteral family it is easily understood that their species could
deviate far from one another and are strictly separated from one another. This has also influenced svstematics,
so that we find great differences among both the species and genera in spite of their primitive structure, lack
of colours, and monotonousness of the exterior and habits. These circumstances have induced the systematizers
to express the uncommonly great disparities by separating a great number of species into subgenera; moreover,
the differences of many genera are so great that the family was divided into several subfamilies six of which
have already been characterized in Vol. 2 and to which some genera have been so loosely added that they may
also be appended to other subfamilies. It is a matter of course that in this classification of the species into
subgenera and of the genera into subfamilies the different authors were not of the same point of view. In
addition, it has grown a habit of late to re-denominate the groups, so that it is rather difficult to get a clear
survey of the Psychidae. Some authors denote as Psychinae the group which is called Leptogyrinae by others
who denote as Psychinae those lepidoptera that are named Oiketicinae (or even Oeceticinae) by other authors.
Besides there are yet the above mentioned difficulties in classifying the family itself.

The Psychidae number among the most monotonously coloured lepidopteral families, and they exhibit
hardly any remarkable deviations in the exterior shape of the wings. On the contrary, in spite of the enormous
geographical distribution of the family, they are most homogeneous throughout the world. In very many cases
wre meet with almost colourless hyaline wings; nearly just as plain and homogeneous is the perfect sameness
of colour, since the body, antennae, legs, and wings exhibit the very same colouring. In some cases the forewdngs
of the males are somewhat more variably coloured, yet the geographically remotest species show- the very same
scheme of this colouring; for instance, the colouring of the South- American Oiketicus geyeri recurs again in
Japan in a somewhat smaller form, and in the Ethiopian Oik. angulatus (72 h) in a somewhat more indistinct
form. The image of the Eumeta -EE frequently seems to be merely a modification of these lepidoptera, so that
it would be in no family so easy as in this to trace the images of the species composing it back to one another.
The Ethiopian Psychidae, however, excel those of other countries in their peculiar resemblance to the colourings
of other Ethiopian Heterocera belonging to other lepidopteral families. So for instance, Monda delicatissima
(72 i) looks like a small Marbla hemileuca (21 d), Monda stupida (72 i) like a small Marbla divisa (22 i), and
Monda rogenhoferi (72 i) somewhat like a ting Marbloides paradoxa (22 i); but we must consider that these are
plain black and white colourings recurring in many Noctuid families, so that it is only remarkable that also the
otherwise quite neutral Psychidae in Africa exhibit the general uniformity customary there.

There is very little known about the habits of the Ethiopian Psychidae , and in Vol. II (1. c.) we have
given a general statement of them. Besides we may mention the formation of sacs, combining a remarkably
general constancy with an equally remarkable specific variability. The larvae of the genus Olania construct
their larval casings in an almost quite homogeneous way, fastening strong, straight pieces of twigs together
with their longitudinal sides, so that the sac looks like an artificially piled up bundle of wood. One of the pieces
of wood being the longest in the female sacs is spun over in such a way that the far projecting end forms a
resting place for the male flying there for the copulation, from which seat it may undertake the very complicated
copulation (see below ). rl his contrivance we find in the African Clania moddermanni as well as in the South-
Australian Cl. (Entometa) ignobilis. Moreover, the larva of the Australian Thyridopteryx hiibneri, according
to the deposit of eggs, sometimes uses foliage and sometimes needle-leaves for its food, and accordingly forms
sacs either of parallel rows of needle-leaves in the shape of small tufts of grass, or of pieces of leaves which are
spun together, so that they resemble a bundle of leaves. In spite of this entire exterior difference of the casings
it is easy to ascertain that it is only the m a t e r i a 1 , much less the structure, which effects the total dissimi¬
larity among the sacs of the same kind of larvae. How very strictly the same structure is adhered to was experi¬
mentally ascertained by withholding the timber for the sac to a large Australian Psychida; as there were only
cherry-stalks lying about, the larva constructed a casing of a very abnormal appearance out of this quite
uncommon material; the casing, nevertheless, showed the very same structure as the other cases of these larvae
made of pieces of Eucalyptus- wood.

As to the copulation itself, two opinions had been opposed to each other for a long time. The male
Psychic! larva was known to turn round in its sac almost invariably before the pupation (according to vox
Luststow with the exception of Apterona helix) so that the pupa lies with its head-end in the posterior end of
the sac and discharges from the latter the emerging imago; the female pupa, however, wras supposed to turn
round only in some species (e. g. most of the European ones), whilst in the large species (according to Frogatt,
for instance, in the Australian Oiketicus) the female pupa was to lie with its head turned in front and with its
anal end towards the open end of the sac. This assumption has also been discussed in Vol. II, p. 352, and it

OECETICUS; CLANIA. By M. Gaede.

483

was said in general that the female pupa did not turn round at all for the pupation. This, however, has been
ascertained to be wrong for many species, and C. Bebg even succeeded in fixing such a copulation by swiftly
killing the couple in situ (the South Amerian Oiketicus platensis), so that the mode of pairing could be made
clear. The $ clings to the lower end of the sac, frequently using the supporting piece of wood provided by the
female larva ( Clania moddermanni, ignobilis ) and shoves the abdomen being extended like an accordion onward
through the whole length of the sac (according to von Linstow between the often only burst but not stripped
pupal shell and the female body) as far as the sexual opening near the anterior end of the sac, where the im¬
pregnation takes place.

It has not yet been ascertained whether this impregnation is necessary in very many species, and of
which species the 9 is able to produce a breed also parthenogenetically. In Apterona the virgin generation has
been ascertained; of Oiketicus platensis (vid. Vol. II) I could not obtain any larva from many thousands of
non-fecundated eggs.

Considering the great difference of the sacs, which, as we mentioned above, is often caused by the
building material and by no means signifies a difference of species, we are glad to find that but few of the
numerous forms of sacs contained in museums have led to denominations. Before the imago has been discovered,
such denominations are of little use.

1. Subfamily: Oeceticinae.

In the fore wing vein lb anastomoses with 1 c and despatchesseveral
branches to the inner margin. Basal ray in both the cells forked.

1. Genus: OeceticilS Landss. Guild (Oiketicus.)

Antennae pectinate to % of their length. Wings narrow. Abdomen long. Anterior tibiae with a long
spine. Type: kirbyi L. G. from Central America.

Oe. sacalavus Mab. Eorewing lancet-shaped, deep black. Hindwing large, triangular, with a large bow sacalavus.
from the apex to the anal angle inward, strongly reducing the surface. Colour also black. 22 mm. Madagascar.

Oe. angulatus sp. n. (72 h). Body and wings blackish brown. Forewing in the exterior half of the angulatus.
cell and behind it almost black. Around the cross- vein an almost square hyaline spot. Hindwing from the inner
margin to the cell light diaphanous. The distal margin is only slightly concave. 30 mm. Gabun. Type in the
Berlin Museum.

2. Genus: Clania Wkr.

Antennae of $ bipectinate to the tips. Anterior tibiae with a long tibial plate. In the fore wing veins
4 -(- 5 on a short stalk, 8 + 9 on a longer one. In the hindwing from vein 8 several spurs to the costal margin.

Type: lewini W w. from Australia.

Cl. cervina Drc. Forewing brownish-red, the veins black, the spaces between them with pale streaks, cervinu.

At the end of the cell a long brown spot and at the apex 3 white spots. Hindwing smoky brown with 3 white
sjjots at the apex. 42 mm. Gambia, Delagoa Bay, East Africa.

Cl. moddermanni Heyl. (72 h). According to the author and to Prof. Janse it is different from cervina, moddcr-
but this difference is probably only due to the incorrect description. If we place instead of “at the cell-end” mama
behind the cell brown, and instead of “at the apex” at the distal margin below the apex white marginal spots
of a very variable distinctness (on the hindwing they are almost invariably absent), we have the description
of moddermanni. <$ 32- 38 mm. 9 yellowish-brown, on the head and the 3 first segments glossy. The larval
casing is 50 to 80 mm long, spun with branchlets of 2 or 3 mm thickness, of 15 to 25 mm diameter. pictipennis pidipennis
Strd. (72 h) is larger and more contrastingly marked, particularly the white marginal spots mentioned in cervina
are mostly very distinct. 40 46 mm. Liberia to Spanish Guinea, Delagoa Bay, Urundi.

Cl. zelleri Heyl. This species and the two following ones have been described only according to the seller i.
larval sacs. The imagines belonging to them are unknown, so that the descriptions are of but little value.

Length 35 mm, diameter 7% mm. A very remarkable fact is that the anterior soft portion is vertically set with
short pieces of grass, the rest with oblique grass-blacles of 15 25 mm length. - Probably no species of

Clania at all.

Cl. ngarukensis Strd. The sac is about 45 mm long, set with grey thorn-needles of about 40 mm length ngaruken-
and 1 mm thick, of about 12 mm diam. In front the light reddish-brown cocoon looks out. East Africa.

484

ACANTHOPSYCHE. By M. Gaede.

guineensis.

junodis

tristis.

carbonarius.

sierricola.

junodi.

jumosa.

alba.

Cl. guineensis Strd. The sac recalls that of moddermanni. The branchlets are shorter, less smooth, the
whole work not so carefully and regularly done. Spanish Guinea.

Cl. junodis Conte and Vaney. I had no access to the description in Lab. Et. soie Lyon Vol. 14, p. 123.

2. Subfamily: Psychinae.

In t li e f orewing veins 1 c and lb mostly anastomose, from lb b u t o n e
branch goes to the inner margin. The cellular ray is plain or forked. An¬
terior t i b i a e with a spine or without it. Hind legs shorter than front legs.

3. Genus: Acaiitliopsyclie Heyl.

Antennae of $ pectinate to the tips, the dents from the centre gradually decreasing in length. Anterior
tibiae with a very long spine. This principal genus exhibits numerous small differences in the neuration, which
made it necessary to establish subordinate genera.

Subgenus: Oeceticoides Heyl. (Oiketicoides).

In the forewing veins lb and 1 c anastomose, vein 7 is absent in both wings; in the hindwing vein 8 is connected with
the cell by a bar. Type: inquinata Led. from Europe.

A. tristis Janse belongs to Hampson’s Sect. III. Body cinnamon-red and brown. Wings moderately
densely scaled dark brown. On the forewing the exterior half and on the hindwing the distal third somewdiat
more hyaline. In the forewing veins 2 — 9 somewhat darker, the costal margin and in both wings the distal
margin blackish brown. 20 mm. Natal. — Shape of sac most variable.

A. carbonarius Karsch (72 i). Body and wings uniformly dark brown, but the marginal area in the
same extent as in tristis quite hyaline (at least in the type). Head remarkably white. Expanse of wings:
17 mm. Togo.

A. sierricola White presumably also belongs to this genus. Separated from carbonarius by the white
long hair on the thorax. Size not stated. Sierra Leone.

Subgenus: Dasaratha Mr.

In the forewing veins 1 b and 1 c anastomose, all the veins are present; in the hindwing vein 6 is absent, 8 is connected
with the cell by a bar. Basal ray at both the cells forked. Type: himalayana Moore.

A. junodi Heyl. Blackish or blackish-brown. Body above with long blackish-brown, on the sides with
greyish-brown hair. Forewing somewhat oblong, rounded at the apex. Both wings with long black hair, the
veins prominently black. In the forewing veins 4 + 5 on a short stalk, 8+9 on a long stalk. In both wings
the cell is very long. The yellow female with small yellow antennae and black eyes. The 3 first segments lustrous
yellow, then greyish yellow, more or less covered with greyish-yellow wool. The sac is pear-shaped, lengthways
irregularly covered with pieces of leaves and twigs, 50- 55 mm long, 20 — 28 mm thick; expanse of wings:
26 mm. Natal. According to Janse the wings are hyaline, colourless. Forewing as far as the centre (only
at the inner margin somewhat farther) covered with blackish-brown hair, on the hindwing only at the inner
margin.

Subgenus: Semimanalha Janse.

In the forewing veins 1 b and 1 c anastomose, vein 7 is absent, 8 + 9 are stalked. In the hindwing all the veins are
present, vein 8 is free at the base, then it anastomoses with the cel! almost on its whole length. This subgenus is distinguished
by the straight costal margin of the forewing. Type: jumosa Janse.

A. fumosa Janse. Body above scantily olive brown, beneath white-haired. Both wings uniformly and
rather densely haired olive brown. Costal margin of forewing with a fine black line to the apex. 19 mm. Natal.

Subgenus: Metisa Wkr.

Separated from the preceding subgenus by the presence of vein 7 in the forewing. Veins 4 + 5 in both wings stalked.
In the hindwing vein 8 is very much fused with the cell. Costal margin slightly rounded, as in the other subgenera. Type:
plana Wkr. from India.

A. alba Janse (72 i). Thorax with white, abdomen with white and dark brown hairs. Wings without
any scales, only at the inner margin of both wings a few white hairs. Costal and distal margins fine dark
brown, the latter slightly concave at vein 2, particularly on the hindwing. 25 -29 mm. Natal. — Larva on a
species of Acacia.

DEBORREA; PSYCHE. By M. Gaede.

485

A. brunnescens sp. n. (72 h). Thorax and abdomen with dark ochreous brown hairs, without the white bmnnes-
admixture. Wings without scales, only at the costal and inner margins lighter ochreous brown. Hindwing
not concave at the distal margin, veins 4 + 5 not always stalked, vein 8 in the second half of the cell fused
with it, behind it 8 and 7 form a triangle of variable length before they are fused. 26 28 mm. South West

Africa. Type in the Berlin Museum. A form from Sierra Leone is smaller and darker. It may be that it is
“Psyche” vuilleti Oberth., described from Senegal; its larva lives on Acacia fasciculata. The sac is covered with
tiny pieces of leaves.

A reimeri s p. n. (72 i). Blackish-brown, body on the sides lighter. Apex of forewing pointed. In both reimeri.
wings veins 4 + 5 stalked and in the forewing 7 + 8 + 9. Distal area of forewing hyaline, the border from
% of the costal margin to the anal angle, above the latter somewhat concave. On the hindwing about one
quarter outside is hyaline. 23 mm. East Africa. The sac of greyish-white silk is pear-shaped spun with round
pieces of leaves, in front and behind more pointed than in Met. alba. — Type in the Berlin Museum, named
after the collector.

Subgenus: Auchmophila Ebl.

Front tibia with a very long spine, hind tibia without spurs. Veins 1 a and 1 b of forewing anastomose only in 1 place.

Veins 1 b and 1 c connected by a bar, whilst in the preceding groups they are fused in the exterior half and in the following
group (Amicta) they remain separated. Vein 6 absent in both wings, 7 from the upper cell-angle, 8 + 9 on a long stalk.

10 and 11 free. In the hindwing vein 3 is absent besides, and 8 is fused with the cell almost to its end.

Au. kordofensis Rbl. (72 h). Wings somewhat elongate, hyaline, only at the costal margin blackish, lcordofcnsis.
Body black, with shaggy white hair. 22 — 25 mm. $ yellowish. Head and the 4 first segments above blackish-
brown, anal wool yellowish-grey. The white larval sac is of a slender conical shape; on Acacia nilotica.

30 — 36 mm long.

Subgenus: Amicta Heyl.

In the forewing veins 1 b and 1 c are separated, 1 b despatches a spur to the inner margin. Veins 4

and 5 not stalked, 10 + 7 + 8 + 9 stalked. Type: quadrangularis Christ, from Europe.

A. cambouei Obth. (72 h). Uni-coloured blackish, with a slight slate gloss. 28 mm. Madagascar. Sac cambouei.
elongate pear-shaped, covered with small pieces of leaves.

A. ebneri Rbl. Similar to a small lutea Stgr. Antennae longer (as long as % of the costal margin), ebncri.
Ground-colour dull sooty brown, costal margin of forewing blackish. Fringe and body darker than in lutea.

In the forewing veins 4 and 5 rise from the same place, in the hindwing they rise on a long stalk, and vein 6
is stunted. 17 mm. Sudan.

A. lutea Stgr. has already been dealt with in Yol. II, p. 257 and figured on pi. 55 b. It occurs also in lutea.

East Africa and the Sudan. In African specimens the costal margin of the forewing is narrow blackish.

4. Genus: Oeliorrea Heyl.

In the forewing veins 1 a and 1 b touch each other in one place, 1 c is only short and free, 4 + 5 on a
short stalk, vein 7 on a short stalk with 8+9, 10 and 1 1 free. In the hindwing vein 8 is connected with
the cell by a bar, two spurs lead from it to the costal margin.

A. malgassa Heyl. (72 h). The type is yellowish brown with a darker spot on both the cross-veins, malgassa.
otherwise the colour varies from blackish brown to the silvery grey form argentacea Obth. 36 — 40 mm. argentacca.
Madagascar. The sac is 40 — 45 mm long. 20 25 mm thick. On conifers.

5. Genus: I*sy<*he Schr.

Antennae of <$ bipectinate to the tips, pectinations of variable length. Anterior tibia spineless. Forewing
with 10 12 veins, hindwing with 7 or 8 veins. In the forewing vein 1 a runs to the inner margin, 1 b and 1 c

mostly anastomosing.

Subgenus: Manatha Mr.

In the forewing veins 1 b and. 1 c anastomose, 4 + 5 and 8+9 are stalked. In the hindwing all the veins are present,
too, vein 8 is connected with the cell by a bar. Type: albipes Moore from Ceylon.

Ps. aethiops Hmps. In the forewing veins 4 and 5 not stalked. Body blackish and pale brown, head aeihiops.
white. All the wings only pale brown, thinly scaled. 20 mm. Sierra Leone, Transvaal. — The sac is pointed
above, 25 mm long, 3 4 mm thick, of grey silk, suspended on a thread of 5 mm length .

Ps. subhyalina Janse. In the forewing veins 4 + 5 on a short stalk, sometimes also 7 with 8 + 9. In mibliyalimt.
the hindwing veins 4 + 5 also on a short stalk. Body of a “beige” colour. Wings semi-transparent olive brown,
with a slight copper gloss in some positions. Forewing at the costal margin blackish-brown, veins dark brown.

Hindwing at the interior margin somewhat reddish-brown. 15 18 mm. Zululand. - The sacs are quite unlike

486

APTERONA; CHALIA; MONDA. By M. Gaede.

millet).

joannis.

joannisii.

calama-

chroa.

valvata.

emiliae.

salae.

maledicta.

miinznori.

dclicatis-

sima.

those of aethiops, 10 — 12 mm long, almost quadrangular, in front quickly widening, clothed with transverse
short branchlets and ribs of leaves. On Brachylaena discolor.

In the following species we cannot gather from the authors’ statements to which subgenus of Psyche they belong and
with which other species described they may be identical.

Ps. vuilleti Obth. (72 i). Body greyish-brown. Wings hyaline, only at the inner margin of the hindwing
with greyish-brown hair. 20 mm. Senegal. Larva on Acacia fasciculata. The sac is covered with tiny pieces
of leaves; 25 mm long, 10 mm thick, pointed at both its ends. (See also p. 485 above at brunnescens.)

Ps. joannis Obth. (72 i). Body blackish-brown. Wings quite hyaline. 25 mm. Niger. Larva on the
Combretacea Guierra senegalensis. The sac is about 30 mm long, 10 mm thick, according to Oberthur’s figure
covered with uncommonly large pieces of leaves.

? Ps. joannisii Mab. (72 i). Contours like a species of Oeceticus, but placed to the genus Psyche by the
author. Ashy brown, at the base lighter. The costal margin of the forewing at the base slightly concave.
32 mm. Madagascar. Not recognizable from this description, perhaps identical with Deborrea malgassa.

Subgenus: Heylertsia Pimps.

In the forewing veins 4 and 5 not stalked, vein 6 present, but in the hindwing absent. Type : griseata Hmps. from Ceylon.

Ps. calamachroa Hmps. Monotonously pale ochreous brown, antennae somewhat darker. 20 mm.
East Africa.

6. Genus: Apterona Mill.

As to the European forms we l’efer to Vol. II, p. 363. In Africa only the sac of a species resembling the
European A. helix was found.

A. valvata Gerst. The sac has S1/? torsions, it may be wound to the right or left. Largest height and
width each 10 — 11 mm. Colour earth-brown. East Africa.

3. Subfamily: Chaliinae

In the f o r e w i n g from lb and 1 c no branch to the inner margin. Hind
tibiae without spurs.

7. Genus: Clialia Mr.

Antennal pectinations decreasing in length towards the tips. Anterior tibia with a long spine. Wings
broad. In the forewdng all the veins are present, in the hindwing veins 5 and 8 are absent. Type: doiibledayi
Ww. from Ceylon.

Ch. emiliae Heyl. (72 h). Body ochreous. Wings blackish-brown. Neuration rather variable. In the
forewing veins 4 + 5 not always stalked, 9+8 may have a long stalk and 7 may branch off at the lower end.
or vein 7 is free and only 8+9 are stalked. Vein 6 always absent. 22 -24 mm. Delagoa Bay. The sac is
covered with grey or brick-red sand, 35 -55 mm long, 7- 10 mm thick.

Cli. salae Heyl. Only the casing was described. Kirby placed it here, whereas the author denotes it
to be an Eumeta ( ?). The sac has a diameter of 15 mm, a length of 43 mm, and it is regularly covered with
branchlets of the same length, out of which the cocoon projects as in Cl. moddermanni.

Ch. maledicta Scheben is likewise described only after the larval sac which is 27 -52 mm long, conical,
at the end 5 to 6 mm thick, covered with grey or yellow sand and with tiny pieces of bark. The only dark
imago bred escaped. South-West Africa.

Ch. miinzneri Strd. Described after two sacs of hardly full-grown larvae. 16 mm long, 4 mm thick,
of dark brown silk, densely clad with long grass-awns. East Africa.

4. Subfamily : Psychoitlinae.

In the forewing veins lb and 1 c not anastomosing in the typical
genera, w' i t h o u t a branch to the inner m a r g i n. Hind t i b i a with one p a i r
of spur s.

8. Genus: Monda Whr.

Body very weak. Hind tibia with a feeble pair of spurs. Fore wing without veins 7 and 10, hindwing
without vein 6. Wings white or transparent. Type: delicatissima Wkr.

M. delicatissima Wkr. (72 i). Forewing from the apex to vein 4 and a little into the cell, as well as at
the costal margin blackish-brown. Above and below vein 3 a feeble black spot, all the rest white hyaline.
24 mm. Cape Colony, Natal. Larva on Desmonodium iucanum. Sac 12 mm long, a “wandering four-sided
pagoda”.

EPICHNOPTERYX; FUMEA. By M. Gaede.

487

M. junctimacula Hmps. (72 i). The black apical spot extends at the distal margin almost to vein 2. jundima-
The discal spots are somewhat larger and more or less fused with the large apical spot. 20- 24 mm. East
Africa, Nyassa District.

M. fragilissima Strd. (72 i). The apical spot is much paler and does not extend at vein 4 to the distal fragilis-
margin. On the cross-vein it is parted by a white streak. Above and below vein 3 one large black spot each sxmu

and inside beside the upper one another spot. Fringe dotted. 18 mm. East Africa.

M. immunda J . <£■ T. Similar to junctimacula (72 i), but the body dark, not whitish. The two discal immunda.
spots are absent. The blackish-brown apical spot extends to the centre of the cell; feebly to vein 2 and farther
at the margin. 18 mm. Ruwenzori.

M. nigroapicalis J. & T. Forewing at the apex as far as the cell and to vein 2 or 3 blackish, also nigroapi-

at the costal margin, where it is thinly scaled. Hindwing somewhat hyaline. The whole body is dark, only

the front white. 22 mm. Tanganyica District.

M. cassualallae B.-Bak. only differs in the frons not being white, the whole body dark grey. 26 mm. cassualallac

x4ngola.

M. rogenhoferi Heyl. (72 i). Very small. On the forewing outside of a line from behind y3 of the costal rogenhoferi
margin to the inner angle blackish. 14 mm. Delagoa Bay, Transvaal. The sac is outside almost ball-shaped,
with a short point and a longer neck on the other side. This neck is inside continued to the apex, so that the
sac has two coats.

M. heylaertsi Jun. The grey darkening does not extend to the inner angle, but it is horizontally cut heylaertsi.
off, so that almost the posterior half of the wing remains white. (After a sketch in Ann'. Transv. Mus. 3, p. 225).

13 mm. Delagoa Bay. - Larva on grass; sac 10 mm long, cylindrical, with fine little hairs of residues of grass.

M. stupida Strd. (72 i). In the bordering of the grey marginal area it resembles junctimacula, but much stupida.

smaller. Neuration different. Forewing also without vein 6. 14 mm. Spanish Guinea. albata Strd. All white albata.
except the narrow dark costal margin. Same size and patria as stupida. It is presumably only a wiped off
specimen of stupida.

M. bicolor Strd. (72 h). A counterpart to heylaertsi. Forewing black, only at the inner margin more bicolor.
than 2 mm broad white. The somewhat lighter margin is probably only wiped off. 22— 23 mm. Uganda. — afra.
afra B.-Bak. only differs in its larger size. 32 mm. Cameroon.

M. major Heyl. (72 i) is much stronger than the other species. Body black with white hair. Wings quite major.
hyaline, the costal margin of the forewing being black at most. In the forewing veins 4 + 5 and 8 -f 9 are
stalked. 15 mm. Delagoa Bay. Sac round, transversely covered with small pieces of branches; 12—18 mm
long, 9 — 12 mm thick.

5. Subfamily: Epichnopteryginae.

Separated from t h e Psych inae by two pair of spurs on the hind tibiae.
Forewing without vein 9, hindwing without vein 4 ; veins 7 and Snot con¬
nected by a bar. Some authors (such as Hampson) award this group the rank of a family.

9. Genus: Epiclinopteryx Hbn.

Front tibia spineless. Forewing with an inserted cell. In the European species the sac is short and
longitudinally covered with grass-blades. Type : pulla Esp. from Europe.

E. transvalica Hmps. All the veins on both wings from the cell. Wings monotonoulsy blackish-brown transvalica
with a copper gloss. On the head a few white hairs. 18 mm. Transvaal.

6. Subfamily: Fumeinae.

Separated from the preceding subfamily by the front tibia always
having a spur. Forewing with 11 free marginal veins.

10. Genus: Fuinea Steph.

Spur of front tibia of variable length. Antennal pectinations beginning on the 3rd antennal joint. Sac
cylindrical. Type: casta Pall, from Europe.

488

Alphabetical List of the Ethiopian Psychidae.

obscurata ■

ominosa.

luticoma.

Irimcnii.

F. obscurata Meyr. Body dark blackish-brown. Antennae with 5 pectinations. Forewing oblong, apex
obtuse, distal margin rounded and oblique, dark greyish-brown. Hindwing dark blackish-brown, fringe at the
ends grey. 11 mm. South Africa.

F. ominosa Meyr. Body and wings dark blackish-brown. Fringe of hindwing not lighter. Antennae
with 7 pectinations. 1 1 mm. Transvaal.

F. luticoma Meyr. differs from ominosa in the ochreous head and antennae with 8 pectinations. 11 mm.
Cape Colony.

F. trimenii Hexyl. Similar to the European Bac. sepium (Vol. II, pi. 55 i). Head greyish-brown, body
yellowish-grey. Antennae dark brown with 24 joints. Forewing narrow, densely covered with yellowish-browm
hair. Hindwing somewhat transparent. Apex in both wings produced, fringes yellowish- white, glossy, 13 mm.
Delagoa Bay.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the Ethiopian Psychidae.

* signifies that the form is also figured at the place quoted.

aethiops Ps. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 116.
afra Mo. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 20, p, 325.
alba Ac. Janse, Ann. Natal-Mus. 3, p. 598.
albata Mo. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 1912 (A 12), p. 33.
angulatus Oec. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 483. *
argentacea Ac. Oberth- Et. Lep. Comp. I — III, Taf. 21.

bicolor Mo. Strd. Stett. Entom. Ztg. 1911, p. 370.
brunnescens Ac. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 485. *

calamachroa Ps- Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Nist. (8) 6, p. 117.
cambouM Ac. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 19 II, p. 94. *
carbonarius Ac. Karsch, Entomol. Nachr. 26, p. 1.
cassualallae Mo. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7, p. 576.
cervina Clan. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 684.

delicatissima Mo. Wlcr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 32, p. 407.

ebneri Ac. Rbl. Denksc.hr. Ak. Wiss. Wien 93, p. 435.
emiliae Clial. Heyl. C.-R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 34, p. 180.

fragilissirna Mo. Strd. Int. Ent. Ztschr. Cluben 5 (1911), p. 17.
fumosa Ac. Janse Ann. Natal-Mus. 4, p. 139.

guineensis Clan. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 1912 (A. 12), p. 32.

heylaertsi Mo. Jun. Bull. Soc. Neuchat. Sci. Nat. 27, p. 249. *

immunda Mo. J . & T. Bull. Ilill-Mus. 1, p. 563.

joannis Ps. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 5, p. 79.
joannisii Ps. Mob. Bull. >Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) 8, p. 67.
junctiinacula Mo. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 116.
junodi Ac. Heyl. C.-R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 34, p. 130.
junodis Clan. Conte & Van. Labor. Soie Lyon 14, p. 123-

kordofensis Ac. Rbl. Sitz.-Ber. Ak. Wiss. Wien 115, p. 493. *

lutea Ac. Stgr. Hor. Ent. Ross. 7, p. 113.
luticoma Fum. Meyr. Ann. Transv.-Mus. 6, p. 59.

major Mo. Heyl. C.-R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 34, p. 182.
maledicta Chal. Scheben Arch. f. Schiffs-Hyg. 14, p. 697.
malgassa Deb. Heyl. C.-R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 28, p. 37.
moddermanni Clan. Heyl. C.-R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 32, p. 59.
miinzneri Chal Strd. Mitteil. Mus. Berlin 5, p. 305.

ngarukensis Clan. Strd. Int. Ent. Ztschr. Guben3 (1909), p. 128.
nigroapicalis Mo. .7. <fc T. Bull. Hill-Mus. 1, p. 563.

obscurata Fum. Meyr. Ann. Natal-Museum 3, p. 615.
ominosa Fum. Meyr. Ann. Transw. -Museum 6, p. 45.

pictipennis Clan. Strd. Arch. f. Naturk. 1912 (A. 12), p. 31.

reimeri Ac. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 485. *
rogenhofcri Mo. Heyl. C.-R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 34, p. 181.

sacalavus Oec. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) 10, p. 52.
salae Chal. Heyl. Notes Leyden- Museum 6, p. 132.
sierricola Ac. White Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond- (2) 5, p. 32.
stupida Mo. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 1912 (A. 12), p. 33.
subhyalina Ps. Janse Ann. Natal-Museum 3, p. 601.

transvalica Epich. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6. p. 117.
trimenii Fum. Heyl. C.-R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 35, p. 374.
tristis Ac. Janse, Ann. Natal- Museum 3, p. 597.

valvata Apt. Gerst. Arch. f. Nat. 37, p. 361.
vuilleti Ps. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 3, Tab. 21. *

zelleri Clan Heyl. C.-R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 28, p. 9S.

Publ. 23. V. 1929.

THYRIDIDAE. By Dr. A. Seitz.

489

20. Family: Thyridiriae.

The relation of this family of the Heterocera to the other groups of the ,,Bombyces“ has already been
dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 371. Particular stress had been laid there upon the fact that the Thyrididae or Siculidae
are so closely allied to some Pyralid genera that they might be most justly reckoned among the microlepidoptera.
Amidst the Pyralidae, the Simaethistis seem to be very near to some of their genera, but the Thyrididae are
so very variable in their habitus that nearly each of their genera exhibits other special relations. Some small
white species from the genus Rhodoneura (= Siculodes ) are so much like caddis-flies ( H ydrocampinae ) that they
are only recognized as Thyrididae in the killing-bottle; this deception is effected not only by their way of flying
but also by resting on their very thin and long legs with their wings spread. Quite different again are the Dysodia
with their stout bodies; particularly the $$ of Dys. ignita resemble a flying forest-bug or Getonida (vid. Vol. 2,
p. 372).

When the 2nd volume comprising the palaearctic species was published, hardly 200 forms had been
ascertained. Today more than 500 are known, some of which, however, are doubtfully ranged among this
family. More than half of the forms known belong to the gigantic genus Rhodoneura in which, however, by
reason of great neural resemblances, very heterogeneous forms have been comprised. It most clearly shows
the entire absence of all the bifurcations in the veins of the forewings, the subcostal branches and radials arising
separately though close together from the upper cell-angle. In this way the Thyrididae differ particularly from
the Chrysanginae which they resemble in other respects. Above all in a great disposition to deformations of
the wings which are often most strangely distorted. In the very beautifully coloured Risama picta Wh\, from
Southern Brazil, and the entirely dotted Vadata macropterana Wkr. the forewing shows a vesicularly lobated
costal margin; in Hepialodes, from Guiana, the costal margin of the hindwing is bilobate; in Draconia, from South
America, each wing despatches two large notches at the distal margin, whilst in the Indian Camadena both wings
are acuminate at the apices. Moreover, the wings of a great many species are most variably vitreous by hyaline
places, from which the entire family and the typical genus derives its name (thyris= little window).

The family itself is presumably phylogenetically old. Certain genera, such as the Herimba which were
formerly reckoned to the Callidulidae (vid. Vol. 10, p. 491) infer connections with the latter and the Drepanidae
which are stated to have probably developed directly from a branch of the Thyrididae. In favour of their old
age is, above all, the geographical range extending over the whole globe and comprising not only all the continents
but also distantly remote islands. Only in Northern Europe and various places of Central Europe the family
seems to be altogether absent; in all the warmer regions of the Earth it is well represented. In the Ethiopian
region one fifth of the species known have been encountered, and among them are quite a number of genera
which are also well represented in other faunae; anyhow it is characteristic of phylogenetically old genera that
their frequently similar species are distributed over the whole Earth through all the faunal regions.

In the same way as the shape of the wings also the colouring and marking of the Thyrididae is frequently
very peculiar, and nowhere do they exhibit any distinct connection with other creatures of the present epoch.
A very strangely complicated netting, frequently with narrow meshes, covers — particularly in many South-
American species — the whole surface of the wings and it is only interrupted by tiny hyaline spots and single
confused lines the position and extent of which varies so much that even in large series there occur hardly two
specimens of a species that are entirely alike in the scheme of markings, as for instance in many Rhodoneura . in
nearly all the Draconia , and in the Striglina. In the Ethiopian fauna from which, however, almost only smaller
forms are known, this reticulated marking is the most conspicuous in Rhodoneura eugrapha (76 e), Rh. scardialis
(76 f), Rh. obliquifascia and others.

XIV

62

490

DYSODIA. By M. Gaede.

intermedia.

flavidula.

subsignata.

consiellata.

jcnestratella

flammaia.

This reticulation on the mostly brownish ground probably is to represent the wrinkles of a shriveled leaf.
Cramer, moreover, reports of a dark brown, whitish-spotted and reticulate Thyridida, Draconia peripheta, which
is said to keep its forewings lowered like a roof, when the insect is at rest, so that the hindwing projects far
beyond the costa of the forewing. This would be the same position occupied by Gastropacha populifolia and
Amorpha po puli copying a small dry leaf. Unfortunately I am not able to judge whether this statement is
correct or not, because I captured all the Thyrididae collected by me, when they were swarming, mostly on the
lantern, and could not observe their resting position; when they settled down for a short time, all of them kept
their wings half open.

Several attempts have already been made by former authors dealing with the Thyrididae to divide the
family into different groups, for instance by Guenee and Pagenstecher. As the first and chiefly distinguished
subdivision, the Dysodia (better known as Varnia) have been detached. Owing to a remarkable resemblance
of the shape to the Eutelia, many were placed as Noctuids to the Eutelianae. This resemblance, however, exists
only in the expanded insect in the collection; the Eutelia are known to exhibit such a peculiar resting position
that in the living insect every resemblance disappears'. Instead of keeping their wings half spread, the abdominal
end raised, and clinging with their head down to the place they are resting on, like the Eutelia do, the Dysodia
sit upright, with their wings folded though horizontally, similar to a Malacosoma, on blades or branchlets. The
di vision formed by this genus, the somewhat Aegeriid-like Hyperthyris and the stout Glanycus was detached
as the subfamily Pach yth yridinae . As the second division, Guenee denotes the Striglininae, about 50 mostly
palaearctic forms some of which are so very similar to Noctuids from the Thermesia- group that they were formerly
placed next to them. The third division is chiefly composed of the genus Rhodoneura which alone contains
more than 250 species, and of all the other genera; about 50 forms of the Rhodoneura ( Siculodes Gn.) are known
from the Ethiopian district.

1. GeilUS: I SI Clem. (Varnia Wler.; Pachythyris Fldr.)

Strongly built. Palpi long, uptured. Antennae filiform. Forewing with an excurved or angular distal
margin at vein 3, costal margin straight or indented behind the centre. All the veins free, 4 and 5 from the
lower, 7 and 8 from the upper cell-angle. Hindwing angled at vein 3, sometimes also more feebly so at vein 2.
Veins 4 and 5 from the lower, 6 and 7 from the upper cell-angle. Type: vitrina Bsd. from North America.

I. Costal margin of forewing slightly incurved.

D„ intermedia Wkr. (= crassa Wh\) (76 e). Ground-colour reddish ochreous with dark reticulate lines
and two dark, black-edged bands, the exterior one bifurcated. The anterior portion of the distal margin feebly
darkened. Hind wing with a median band forming the continuation of the exterior band of the fore wing.
(Described after a specimen determined by Hampson as intermedia var.) 24 mm. Natal. flavidula Wrr.
Ground-colour more yellow without any red admixture. The 2 is suffused with dark brown. Beneath on the
forewing the costal margin and exterior band are olive green. Natal. Larva yellowish-grey, black-checquered,
with subdorsal black spots. Tubercles with short bent thorns. The head and 2nd segment in front black.

B. subsignaia Warr. (76 e) differs from intermedia in a large, somewhat cordiform hyaline spot on the
hindwing. The exterior band on the forewing is less broad at the costal margin, its exterior edge is more irregular.
Beneath this band terminates in a triangular black spot in the submedian fold. The ground-colour corresponds
in the A with flavidula , in the $ with intermedia. The same is the case with the size. Natal. In the figured
specimen from East-Africa the exterior edge of the band on the forewing is quite straight. Of the band on the
hindwing of intermedia only the border-lines are present, the rest having vanished in the violettish-brown
ground-colour.

D. constellata Warr. Forewing from the base to the dark olive brown exterior band pale olive brown
and fused with the interior band. The exterior band from behind the centre of the inner margin to the costal
margin near the apex widened, before the apex a dark line branches off to the centre of the distal margin. Before
the latter between veins 2 and 5 pale yellow, the border around it pale olive brown. Hindwing behind the cell
somewhat yellow, with distinct transverse lines and a broad dark median band which is forked at the anal end.
In the upper cell-angle an oval small hyaline spot. $ 28 mm. Rhodesia.

D. fenestratella Warr. Forewing olive green, the marking dark olive brown. Costal margin with 4 dark
spots. From the last spot a narrow exterior band extends parallel to the distal margin as far as vein 2, where
it meets a short hand from the inside. Before this V-shaped marking 2 small hyaline dots, behind the exterior
arm 3 such spots between veins 2 and 5. A streak from the band to the distal margin as in constellata. Below’
vein 2 the band is more expanded, anal angle dark. Hindwing with a large anvil-shaped hyaline spot, surrounded
by small hyaline dots and dark spots. Margin lighter. 20 mm. East Africa.

D. flanimafa Warr. (76 e). Colour of forewing deep red mixed with leaden grey and blackish brown.
Transverse streaks brown. Below the costal margin broadly, and at the base of the inner margin narrowly leaden

RHODONEURA. By M. Gaede.

491

grey. Costal margin with dark spots, between them red and ochreous brown. A lustrous red spot at the cross¬
vein, behind it a moon-shaped hyaline spot. Before and behind it dark blackish-brown and red spots from
the costal margin to the median vein. Marginal area behind it orange with brown lines. Margin dark. Hindwing
yellow and fiery orange with dark reticulate lines and a large square hyaline spot. Beneath easily recognizable.
Flesh-coloured with a dark costal spot surrounding the hyaline spot of the forewing on the outside and inside
rising up to the cell. B 22 mm. Rhodesia, East Africa. The specimens in the Berlin Museum exhibit no lead-
coloured areas, and little orange, chiefly red marking. Particularly dark is the figured specimen from Fernando
Po, with a small hyaline spot on the forewing.

D. hyalotypa B.-Bak. Ochreous grey, a little red in the submedian fold. Behind the cell a quadri- hyaloLypa.
partite fiery red spot, below it in the submedian fold an ochreous brown spot. Hindwing at the base metallic
red, at the anal angle a dark brown spot. The large reniform hyaline spot is edged with dark. Distal margin
reddish-brown, before it ochreous brown spots. B 20 mm. Angola. It may be, together with the above mentioned
specimen from Fernando Po, the western form of flammata.

D. binoculata Warr. Here the deep red colouring predominates, the reticulation being blackish-brown, binoculata.
Median band narrow, centrally strangulated, blackish. Hyaline spot at the cell-end oval. Hindwing the same
in colour and marking. The large hyaline spot is round. B 26 mm. Namaqua Land.

II. The two following species recognizable by the notched costal m a r g i n o f

the forewing.

D. zelleri Dew. (76 e). Red-brown with intense greyish-brown marking on the forewing. The exterior zelleri.
band very broad at the costal margin, where it encloses a yellow streak, before and behind it a similar short
streak. The band in the submedian fold distally angled, narrowly to the inner margin. Hindwing less marked
greyish-brown, with dark reticulated lines. Hyaline spot bilobate, before the lower lobe another dot. Distal
margin in both wings feebly angled also at vein 2. B 27 mm. Ghinchoxo (Congo).

D. angulata Warr. (76 e). Almost like zelleri, but on the forewing the median band is widened at the angulata.
inner margin. On the hindwing the large spot is reduced to a fine dot, the accessory dot is also present. Both
the wings are not angled at vein 2. The specimen figured is denoted as humerata Hmps. i. 1. 27 mm. Sierra Leone.

2. Genus: Itliofloneura Gn.

Palpi erect. Forewing with a pointed apex. All the veins free, 6 — 10 near the upper cell-angle. In the
hindwing veins 4 and 5 slightliy, 6 and 7 more distantly separated from each other. Type: pudiculaGn. from Java.

I. Margin of hindwing slightly concave below the apex.

R. eugrapha Hmps. (= alenica Strd.) (76 e). Rusty yellow, with a rusty yellow median line on the eugrapha.

abdomen. Forewing with a red-brown costal margin and similar lines, 3 of which are vertical, 2 oblique, partly
bifurcated at the ends. Hindwing with similar lines. 30 — 35 mm. Ashanti, Spanish Guinea.

R. nigropunctula Pag. (— seriata Warr.) (76 e). Ochreous with indistinct pale greyish ochreous trans- nigropunc-
verse bands in both wings and fine black central dots. On the forewing near the median and distal bands at the
inner margin darker brown. 26 bis 28 mm. East Africa, Natal.

R. catenula Pag. (76 e). Rusty red with brown short transverse streaks. On the forewing only a catenula.
subapical line and a median shadow at the costal margin behind the cell more distinct. 32 -36 mm. Cameroon.

II. Hindwing not concave at the distal margin below the apex.

R. thermographa Hmps. Body and wings yellowish white, abdomen at the base with brown spots, thermo-

Forewing with chocolate brown reticulation forming several X-shaped figures. Besides a chocolate apical line,
costal margin narrowly brown, and similar spots at the distal margin near vein 2. Fringe spotted yellow and
brown. Hindwing likewise with chocolate reticulations. Fringe brown. $ 45 mm. Nigeria.

R. gemmata Hmps. Light rusty red. Forewing with dark brown reticulations and two feeble interior gemmata.
and exterior lines each. Hindwing similar. As the forewing beneath exhibits the same black spots with blue
scales as in catenula, it may be that gemmata is merely a small, more distinctly marked form of it. B 25 mm.

Nigeria.

R. myrsusalis Wkr. (Vol. II, pi. 56 f). This species being found everywhere in the tropics occurs in Africa myrsusalis
in the form — idalialis Wkr. (76 e). Greyish pink with a slight violet gloss, with dark bands of spots and fine idal-idlis.
streaks. On the forewing with 2 hyaline spots and between them two yellow dots. 22 — 25 mm. tibiale Foyer,
from the Seychelle Is. is probably the same species, as the chief difference stated, the thickened hind tibiae,
may only signify “flattened”.

492

RHODONEURA. By M. Gaede.

implc-falis.

icernebur-

galis.

scardialis.

mi crag ra-
plialis.

miosticta.

palairanta.

perigrapha .

subscripia.

pusillata.

misalis.

sigillatci.

flavula.

jejunalis.

plagialis.

meriani.

apicale.

R. impletalis Wkr. I had no access to the description of this species.

R. werneburgalis Kefsin. Body pale red-brown. Wings hyaline white. Forewing almost quite red-
brown, only in the centre and at the margin large spots of the ground-colour. Hindwing with few red-brown
reticulated lines. At the apex and inner margin slightly suffused with brown. 35- 38 mm. Madagascar.

R. scardialis Rbl. (76 f). Golden brown on the forewing, checquered with many large and small whitish
yellow spots. Hindwing whitish with golden brown reticulate lines. $ 30 mm. L. Tanganyika.

R. micragraphalis Hmps. Pale red-brown with fine brown reticulated lines. Forewing with short rusty
red streaks at the costal margin, an indistinct and irregular interior and median band, bordered by dark lines,
and a similar subapical band. The exterior line is fine black, bifurcated at the anal angle. Hindwing with brown
reticulated lines and small dark spots. Sierra Leone.

R. miosticta Hmps. Pale rusty red. Both wings densely covered with fine dark brown reticulated lines.
Costal margin of forewing at the base dark. At the cross-vein a dark moon-shaped spot. At the margin above
vein 5 a dark spot, 4 smaller ones above it and one in the sub median fold. Hindwing likewise above vein 5
with a black dot. 25 mm. Ashanti.

R. palairanta B.-Bak. Both wings creamy white, densely speckled with red-brown, and with fine similar
reticulated lines. On the forewing the ground-colour is only visible in the median area, the oblique exterior line
prominent. Costal and distal margins dark red-brown. Hindwing less densely reticulated. 30 mm. Lokoja.

R. perigrapha Hmps. In the colours similar to palairanta. Costal margin of forewing at the base brown.
A double brown median line is more prominent and a V-shaped streak at the upper cell-angle, from where a
double line goes to the inner margin. Behind it a line to the anal angle and the usual subapical line. Hindwing
a little more brownish, with fine brown and dark reticulations. Body brownish-white, abdomen with a dark
dorsal line. 22 mm. Gold Coast.

R. subscripta Warr. Greyish-brown with feeble dark reticulations and transverse bands from %, %
and % of the costal margin, there and at the inner margin somewhat more distinct. The last excurved on the
centre of the wing, forming a small oval dark spot before the distal margin. Hindwing lighter, at the base and
inner margin without distinct bands. Beneath lighter, whereby the dark bands are more conspicuous. At the
median vein and vein 6 of forewing black scales with metallic gloss. $ 18 mm. Niger. The male of this species
may be a specimen in the Berlin Museum, from Spanish Guinea, with dark bands at 1/i, before and behind y2
of the costal margin. The last is almost entirely fused with the dark distal margin. Beneath 4 dark brown bands,
the two exterior ones interrupted in the middle. The subapical band is thick and dark, black metallic scales
only at the median vein.

R. pusillata Warr. Forewing pale ochreous brown, at the base somewhat rusty red, with rusty red-
brown streaks and reticulated lines, without distinct lines. Hindwing the same. $ 17 mm. Niger.

R. misalis Karsch (= palealides Hmps.) (76 f). Head orange. Thorax and forewing pale yellow, costal
margin and veins fine black. Abdomen and hindwing yellowish- white. $ 32 mm. Mashona Land, Togo.

R. sigillata Warr. Greyish-white with grey reticulations. Forewing at the costal margin olive grey,
especially at the base. At the cross-vein an 8-shaped mark, behind it in the centre of the wing an olive grey
band and a similar costal-marginal spot before the apex, from which an interrupted submarginal line proceeds.
Behind it small black spots. Hindwing with grey strigae, at the inner and distal margins somewhat black.
Of the same colour a cellular spot. Fringes of both wings white. $ 26 mm. Niger District.

R. flavula Pag. (76 f). Yellowish- white with dense greyish brown reticulations. On both wings a black
central dot and black marginal dots. $ 28 — 30 mm. Ogove.

R. jejunalis Gaede (76 f) is somewhat more brownish and smaller than flavula. Striation finer. On the
forewing before the distal margin a parallel dark line somewhat distinct. Marginal dots of forewing faint,
absent on hindwing. Central dots hardly distinct. Beneath on forewing as in flavula, the white apical spot
with 2 black dots. $ 22 — 24 mm. Togo.

R. plagialis Gaecle (76 f). Ground-colour lighter, otherwise just like jejunalis. Besides on the hindwing
at the centre of the inner margin a large blackish-brown spot and above the anal angle two small ones. $ 22 mm.
Cameroon, Fernando Po.

R. meriani Gaede (76 f). Light violettish brown with a fine dark violettish-brown reticulation, without
the dark costal margin of the figure. Beneath on the forewing a distinct dark subapical line enclosing a lighter
area. 17 mm. Seychelle Is.

R. apicale Fryer (76 g). Similar to meriani. On the forewing the costal margin is dark-spotted. Below
the base of vein 3 a white spot edged with black. Below it inwards two more small black dots. Beneath a

RHODONEURA. By M. Gaede.

493

narrow dark brown apical spot. The white spot is very distinct. Hindwing without a white spot. 26(16 ?) mm.

Seychelle Is. If it were not for the difference of size, meriani might be considered a form of it, because both the
species exhibit a remarkably pointed forewing.

R. albisignata Warr. Forewing pale ochreous with fine dark reticulated lines. On the costal margin 5 or albisignata
6 dark spots from which hardly noticeable bands proceed. Below and behind the cell grey. At the apex a round
white spot as far as vein 5, with two black dots in it. Hindwing white, at the margin ochreous, with a dark
basal and median band. 9 26 mm. Niger.

R. latizonalis Hmps. Pale ochreous brown. Forewing with dense fine brown reticulated lines. A black latizonalis.
dot at the lower cell-end. Apical spot as in albisignata. Hindwing whitish, at the base and distal margin reddish,
with a median band of black streaks. 26 — 30 mm. Sierra Leone.

R. flavicilia Hmps. Rusty yellow, with a slight silvery gloss, with numerous dark brown streaks, flavicilia.
Forewing with an interior and median line, an oblique exterior line, and another one right behind it to the
interior angle, and a subapical line. On the hindwing these lines are less distinct. Both wings with a fine
marginal line. 9 20 mm. Rhodesia.

R. squamigera Pag. (76 g). Pale ochreous with fine red-brown lines in the basal half of the forewing, squamigera
From the costal margin to the median vein and the subapical line slightly huecl with red-brown. Behind the
centre a band strongly widened at the costal margin, composed of red-brown lines, from which the subapical
line branches off. In the hindwing the median band is more widely reticulated, in front narrow, at the centre
of the inner margin broader. 22 — 28 mm. Natal.

R. fractifascia Warr. Similar, with narrower wings. On the forewing the red-brown hue extends to the fradifascia
inner margin and % of the length of the wing, so that the exterior band is not prominent. Subapical line
stronger. Hindwing more densely striated than in squamigera. Median band still looser. Fringes in both wings
dark brown. <$ 25 mm. Niger.

R. obliquifascia Warr. (76 g). Also similar to squamigera. A rather distinct, equally broad band extends obliquifas-
from % of the costal margin on the forewing to % of the inner margin on the hindwing. Subapical band
strong. From the anal angle of the hindwing traces of a parallel short band proceed. $ 22 — 30 mm. Cameroon,

Angola.

R. rostrifera Warr. Ochreous. Costal margin of forewing brownish-grey, striated blackish-brown. In rostrifera.
the cell two dark spots from which indistinct bands extend to below the centre of the wing. The exterior dark
brown band is oblique. Its interior border is concave, the exterior one bent to the centre of the distal margin.

Hinclwing with a dark brown band of reticulate lines from the centre of the costal margin to the anal angle.

(J 28 mm. Natal.

R. hamatipex Hmps. (76 g). Rusty yellow with fine dark brown reticulations. On the forewing an hamatipex.
indistinctly defined exterior band, at the costal margin broad, in the submedian fold slightly strangulated.

Hindwing likewise with a median band. 17 mm. East Africa.

R. fulvipicta Hmps. Forewing white, finely dotted brown, at the costal margin black dots. Inner and fulvipida.
distal margins pale brown. An elliptical rusty yellow spot edged with brown in and below the cell, and a
similar round one below the cell-end. At the apex a white marginal spot. Hindwing similarly coloured with a
feeble brown median band, excurved behind the cell, turning blackish at the inner margin. £ 20 mm. West Africa.

R. fuscibasis Hmps. (76 g). Ground-colour white. Forewing at the base with olive brown bands. At fuscibasis.
the costal margin dark brown short streaks and feeble bands in the median area. At the centre of the distal
margin olive yellow. Hindwing white, slightly olive brown at the costal margin, with dark fine rings. At the
apex olive yellow. 9 in the median and distal areas on the forewing darker. 26 — 32 mm. Congo.

R. phoenicophora Hmps. Thorax rusty yellow. Abdomen and wings silvery white. Forewing with fine phoenico-
rusty red reticulate lines and black streaks. On the rusty brown costal margin red spots with black streaks. phma
One rusty yellow circle each in the centre of the cell and at the end of it, from the latter a line bifurcating
at the inner margin. Marginal area with black streaks and red spots. Hindwing with rusty yellow streaks,
distal margin as on forewing. 22 mm. Niger.

R. acaciusalis Wkr. (76 g) is distributed from China to West Africa, where it occurs in the form acaciusalis
sordidula Ploetz. Ground-colour white, centre of abdomen above brown. Forewing from near the base to beyond sordidula.
the centre brown with dark brown spots, with a slight violet gloss. Hindwing the same. Under surface intensely
pink, especially the veins. 25 to 28 mm. Eastern and Western Africa.

R. multipunctata Hmps. (76 h). White. Forewing at the costal margin feebly brownish, uniformly multipunc-
striated olive brown. At the distal margin black short oblique streaks. Hindwing at the costal margin not
darkened. Marginal streaks sometimes connected, otherwise as on forewing. 28 — 35 mm. Delagoa Bay. The
typical specimens from India exhibit on the forewing 1 or 2 rows of black marginal dots and coarser, paler
markings, so that it is not sure whether it is the same species.

R. Opalinula Mab. (= margaritalis Hmps.) (76 h). With a mother-of-pearl gloss, transparent. Forewing opalinula.
at the costal margin somewhat violettish brown. Both wings with not very dense violettish brown reticulations.

32 — 36 mm. Madagascar.

494

OXYCOPHINA. By M. Gaede.

nudicornis.

betousalis .

mellea.

arcuata.

hr y axis.

curviflua.

spilotata.

complicata.

bastialis.

ansorgei .

tcrreola.

pexa.

R. nudicornis Gaede (76 g) is smaller, otherwise similar. On the forewing an interior and exterior line
more prominent. At the distal margin on both wings densely reticulated reddish- violet lines, behind them a pink
marginal line. 22— 26 mm. Togo, Cameroon.

R. betousalis Gaede (76 i). Rusty yellow with fine rusty brown lines. Behind the centre the border¬
lines of an exterior band, which is strongly widened at the costal and inner margins, between them behind and
below the cell strongly narrowed. Subapical line very distinct, from it a branch farther parallel to the distal
margin. 22 — 28 mm. East Africa.

R. mellea Saahn. (79 i). Similar to a pale betousalis. On the forewing the median band is represented
by a line, its bifurcation at the costal and inner margins exactly as in betousalis, also the subapical line. The
branch of the latter, however, is strongly angled inwards. Hindwing with a few more distinct lines, similarly
placed as in betousalis. $ 30 mm. Madagascar. Separated from the likewise similar eugrapha by the absence of
the indentation on the hindwing, a more slanting position of the subapical line on the forewing, and the absence
of the accessory branch.

R. arcuata sp. n. (76 i). Rusty yellow, slightly hued with pink on the hindwing. Somewhat similar to
a diminutive Prot. arcualatis. Median line slightly angled at vein 5, its ends vertical to the costal margin and
to the inner margin. Before it numerous feeble dark lines, slightly curved. Behind a line nearing it behind the
cell and excurved at vein 2. Subapical line distinct, straight. Hindwing uniformly covered with fine reticulate
lines. Marginal lines in both wings continuous, on the hindwing stronger. Under surface lighter, whereby the
lines are more distinct. 16- 18 mm. East Africa. Type in the Berlin Museum.

R. bryaxis Fawc. (76 i). Similar to an intensely marked betousalis. The two branches of the submarginal
line towards the distal margin remarkably strong. 26 -28 mm. East Africa, betousalis may be only a form of it
(having been described later).

R. curviflua Warr. Fore wing brown with dark reticulations. At the costal margin pale spots. A curved
black line from % of the costal margin to 3/5 of the inner margin, where it is thicker. A paler apical spot with
2 or 3 black dots is parted by a black line. From the interior angle in front traces of two short black lines. On
the hindwing the curved black line is thicker, situate nearer to the centre. Before and behind it dark brown
lines. Forewing very pointed, distal margin concave. $ 19 mm. Niger District.

R. spilotata Warr. Forewing wooden brown with fine dark reticulations. Base and costal margin
somewhat darker. An interior band feebly indicated, the exterior one broader, dark brown, irregularly edged
with black, with a dark horizontal streak above the submedian fold. A row of black dots along the distal margin
and one only to the centre. Hindwing less distinctly marked. 26 mm. Niger. complicata Warr. Ground¬
colour ochreous, the dark marking much more distinct. On the veins the margins of the bands do not form
any black dots as in the type. Niger District.

R. bastialis Wlcr. (= furcatula Pag.) (76 i). Wooden yellow with faint violettish-brown lines. An
interior and a median fine line broadly bifurcates at the costal margin, the second also at the inner margin.
The yellowish-white apical spot with 2 black dots, inside broadly edged with violettish-brown. Hindwing only
with fine dark reticulate lines. 22 mm. West and South Africa, besides in India.

R. ansorgei Warr. (76 i). Rusty yellow with rusty brown lines. Median line as in bastialis , before it two
straight lines, behind it a line slightly bifurcating at the inner margin. The feeble subapical line may be
connected with the latter line. Hindwing similar. Costal margin of forewing with fine light dots which are more
distinct beneath. 18— 20 mm. Niger District.

R. terreola Mob. is not to be recognized from the description. Perhaps it was a bad specimen of
minutula Saahn. (p. 495).

3. Genus: Oxycoplifua Warr.

Neuration as in Rhodoneura. On the forewing the anterior cell-angle projects far. Antennae also in the $
normally with two rows of pectinations. Type: theorina Meyr. from Australia. In the African species the cell
does not project much.

a) T h e first two species with bipectin ate antennae.

0. pexa Hmps. Ochreous and rusty red on the forewing, costal margin whitish. With indistinct rusty
red spots except at the distal margin, where there are but few fine streaks. Traces of an oblique interior and
exterior band. Hindwing similarly marked, only a grey median band bordered with rusty red streaks. The
reticulate lines filled with yellow. Body greyish- white. 26 — 36 mm. Mashona Land, Cape Colony.

CANAEA; STRIGLINA; BETOUSA. By M. Gaede.

495

0. guttulata Aur. (76 i) is similarly coloured. Forewing at the costal margin greyish yellow and the guttulata.
inner margin hued with bluish grey. From the base to % of the length of the wings with red-hrown reticulate
lines and yellowish-white spots in them. On the hindwing similar, without a bluish-grey inner margin. The
dark reticulate lines only extend to little more than the centre of the wing where they are distinctly cut off.

Body coloured like the wings. 28 35 mm. Tanganyika, Transvaal.

b) Antennae with o n e r o w of pectinations.

0. serraticornis Warr. (76 h). Quite similar to Rhod. opalinula and nudicornis, but the thorax is also serralicor-
red-brown. Lines with a leaden gloss, in the marginal area less pink. Only discernible by the distinctly uni-
pectinate antennae of the <+ 24—28 mm. Togo, Central Africa.

4. Genus: Canaca Wkr. fund Warr.)

Separated from Rhodoneura by the <$ antenna showing but 1 long row of pectinations. Type: semites-
sellata Wkr. from Borneo.

C. janenschi Gaede (76 h). Thorax and forewing dark rusty brown. At the costal margin yellowish spots, janenschi.
from which light bands proceed to the lighter inner margin. Hindwing rusty yellow with brownish fine lines.

Both wings at the distal margin narrowly blackish, fringes white. $ 16 — 18 mm. East Africa.

5. Genus: Strigliua Guen.

Distinguished from Rhodonzura by the position of veins 9 — 11 in the forewing, arising much nearer to
the base than in Rhodonzura. Type: scitaria Wkr. from Indo- Australia.

S. rothi Warr. Forewing orange golden. Veins and transverse lines deeper orange, at the costal margin rothi.
metallic black. The dark median band interrupted, before it in the cell and the submedian fold fine hyaline
spots. A curved black line from % of the costal margin to the distal margin near vein 3. The black marginal
line at the ends of the veins and the fringes orange. Hindwing paler, the reticulated lines lighter orange. The
hyaline spots before the median band more distinct, and another spot behind it. $ 22 mm. Niger District.

S. guttistigma Hmps. Body and forewing pale red-brown, with numerous indistinct dark streaks and gutiisiigma.
an indistinct interior and median line, behind it blackish-brown, with a grey gloss almost to the distal margin.

In the distal area between veins 7 and 1 a reddish-brown spot with 5 white dots at the margin. Hindwring
ochreous brown with dark lines, with an irregular red-brown median band, ending very narrow at the inner
margin. $ 32 mm. Niger District.

S. eguttalis Gaede (76 i). Similarly coloured. On the forewing an interior and median dark band, eguttalis.
obliquely outwards to the inner margin, edged with black. At the cross-vein a reniform macula surrounded by
black. Marginal area darker brown with dark lines, with a grey gloss. Hindwing with traces of 2 bands near
the base. ^ 26 mm. Ogove.

6. Genus : ISGoumsi Wkr. (Hypolamprus Hmps.)

Neuration as in Rhodoneura excepting veins 8+9 being stalked in the forewing. Type: dilecta Wkr.
from Indo- Australia.

B. minutula Saalm. (76 h). Straw-coloured with a somewhat darker costal margin on the fore wing and minutula.
fine dark brown reticulated lines. An interrupted median band hardly discernible, its anterior portion almost
triangular, the posterior portion rectangular. 15 mm. Madagascar. majuscula Gaede (76 i). Larger. Median majuscula.
band hardly interrupted, its anterior portion owing to a distally projecting lobe quadrangular, the continuation
only about half as broad. On the lighter under surface besides two interior dark bands, an H-shaped dark spot
above the interior angle and a subapical small spot present. Hindwing in both forms above finely checquered
dark, beneath the median band is represented by a spot behind the cell and before the centre oft the inner
margin. 20 mm. East Africa. It may be identical with hamatipex Hmps. described as Rhodoneura.

B. verticalis Warr. (76 g). Reddish-brown. Forewing with a dark brown marking in a vertical direction, verticals.
At the base 1 or 2 indistinct lines. Close before the centre a band and 2 exterior narrower bands, the second
of which is interrupted below the centre. At the centre of the distal margin a shadow and before it a fine line.

Hindwing with a few fine lines and a shadow at the centre of the distal margin and anal angle. $ 16 mm.

Niger District. — This may be B. ohscuralis Hmps. from India, which is said to occur also in West Africa.

In East-African specimens, which I range here, of the first band behind only the edge is present, the twro
exterior lines begin as long narrow triangles, the continuation is somewhat distally removed at about vein 3.

$ 16 mm. East Africa.

496

DIXOA; PLAGIOSELLA; PROTEROZEUXIS. By M. Gaede.

disjuncta.

chryso-

ilierma.

alddbrana.

clathrati-

pennis.

d i scat a .

clathrata.

strigifcra.

bru tinea.

pcctinifera.

arcuatalis.

B. disjumcta sp. n. (76 i). Body rusty red. Forewing whitish yellow, at the base as far as y3 rusty red,
in the cell slightly bent forward, then straight to the inner margin in which there are some darker lines. Behind
the centre a rusty red band, behind the cell strongly excurved and only discernible yet in the margins, then
obliquely inward. Submarginal band from the costal margin to the centre and then below vein 2, where it is
almost black. Behind it and partly also before it pink. Hindwing light brown with 3 rusty brown, somewhat
undulating bands, the exterior one broader, at the centre of the distal margin effaced by white. Beneath
somewhat more distinctly marked, ^ 16 mm. East Africa. Type in the Berlin Museum

B. chrysotherma Hmps. Golden yellow. Forewing with numerous rusty red lines. Rusty red stripes
below the costal margin to the centre and in the centre of the interior area. Behind the cell a curved band
as far as vein 1, from the exterior edge of which, at vein 5, an excurved line extends to a little above the inner
angle. The incurved subapical line is continuous along the distal margin. Hindwing with 3 more distinct rusty
red lines in the basal area and a darker band behind the cell. $ 30 mm. Gold Coast.

B. aldabrana Fryer (76 g). Compared with minutula (76 h ) , and therefore ranged here. Forewing light
brownish, with a slight reddish-brown hue, uniformly finely striated dark brown. At the costal margin near
the apex 2 black dots rather distinct. Hindwing more intensely reddish-brown, otherwise similar. In the $
both wings liued with brick-red. 15 18 mm. Seychelle Is.

7. Genus: IMxoa Hmps.

In the forewing veins 7+8 and 9 + 10 are stalked. Third palpal joint of $ short, of $ longer. Type:
albatalis Swh. from India.

D. clathratipennis Strd. (75 i). Reddish-yellow with some fine red-brown lines. At or only behind the
base of the forewing a red-brown spot, one behind the cell, sometimes connected with the band otherwise
beginning at vein 2. Below % of the costal margin another spot being less distinct. On the hindwing the median
band, which is strangulated there, is continued, besides traces of an interior band. 20 mm. Cameroon, Spanish
Guinea. discata Warr. from Rhodesia, Natal, according to Hampson’s figure is separated by more distinct
marginal dots at most. Probably, however, the name aenea Saalm. from Madagascar has priority.

8. Genus: IMagiosella Hmps.

In the forewing veins 7+8 are stalked. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 arise from the same place,
8 as far as the centre of the cell close next to it, or partly fused with it. Type: clathrata, Hmps.

PI. clathrata Hmps. (76 g). Body rusty red. Wings with dense rusty red reticulate lines, the small spots
between them yellow. On the forewing at the centre of the costal margin a rusty brown triangle. A band from
the apex to the centre of the inner margin continuous on the hindwing, with a branch to the centre of the distal
margin in both wings. 18—20 mm. Gold Coast, Cameroon, Fernando Po.

PI. sfrigifera Strd. (76 h). Reddish-yellow with few fine dark reticulated lines. A stronger line from
% of the costal margin on the forewing, in the beginning excurved, continued to the centre of the inner margin
of the hindwing. On the forewing an irregular subapical line. Beneath with an intense black central spot on
the forewing. 24— 30 mm. Spanish Guinea. The species is remarkably similar to the Indo- Australian Thyridida
Strigl. scitaria IT At.

9. Genus: Proterozeuxfs Warr.

Forewing somewhat oblong, at the costal margin slightly concave, apex pointed, distal margin excurved.
Hindwing similarly shaped. Veins 7 4 8 of forewing stalked. Antennae in both sexes bipectinate. Type:
splendida Warr.

Pr. brunnea Warr. Dark brown, $ lighter, densely covered with dark reticulated lines. Besides on the
forewing 4 vertical lines before the centre, the exterior line bifurcating at the costal margin, with a browner
shadow at the cell-end, from where one branch runs to the inner margin, the other to the anal angle. Behind
it a submarginal line. Hindwing only with the 3 last lines. 48 — 54 mm. Transvaal.

Pr. pectinifera Hmps. Wings rusty yellow, densely striated rusty brown. On the forewing the interior
line is rusty brown, excurved below the costal margin, otherwise incurved, median line straight. The exterior
line forked above vein 5. From there one branch extends to behind the centre of the inner margin, the other
undulated to the anal angle. Then another subapical line. Hindwing with a forked median line and a subapical
line. $ 36 mm. Sierra Leone.

Pr. arcuatalis Gaede (75 h). Rusty yellow with numerous dark striae. On the forewing the interior and
median lines are vertical, slightly incurved at the costal margin. The two exterior lines also vertical, behind
the cell incurved to the costal margin. Subapical line straight. On the hindwing 1 or 2 interior lines, the median
line posteriorly forked, the exterior one bent at vein 4. The $ selected for the figure has very sharp lines

Publ. 8. VIA. 1929.

TRIDESMODES; MATHORIS. By M. Gaede.

497

and is redder than the + 35 — 50 mm. Cameroon, East Africa.

Pr. splendida Warr. Forewing light ochreous, the reticulated lines and veins light rusty red, costal splendida.
margin darker. The interior line is slightly curved from % of the costal margin to the centre of the inner margin.

The median line from the centre of the costal margin excurved to the interior angle. The exterior line from
% of the costal margin, almost touching the preceding line behind the cell, to the distal margin above the
angle where it bifurcates. Subapical line forked at the costal margin. Hindwing similar. $ 34 mm. Natal.

Pr. ansorgei Warr. Dark ochreous with blackish-brown reticulated lines. Costal margin dark with ansorgei.
darker spots. Interior line from % of the costal margin to the centre of the inner margin, behind it two
parallel lines enclosing a brown area and united at the lower angle of the cross-vein. Exterior line from % of
costal margin, curved above vein 6, to the inner angle. Hindwing in the marginal area reddish, with a blackish-
brown spot at the cross-vein. $ 54 mm. East Africa.

Pr. viftif eralis Gaede (= medjensis Holl) (75 i). Ground-colour ochreous with fine and coarser red-brown vittiferalis.
reticulate lines which are partly confluent and thereby form an interior and an exterior band on the forewing.

On the hindwing a feeble interior and broader median band. In the forewing veins 7+8 only shortly stalked,
d 35 mm. East and West Africa.

Pr. tessellata Warr. Ochreous, densely covered with dark reticulate lines, and with triangular brown lessellata.
spots at the costal margin of the forewing. Of the brown main lines two near the base are vertical, behind them
two at the costal margin are slightly excurved, the following two above the cell-end unite at the black spot at
the cross-vein and again in the submedian fold, being separated between these places. Behind them a notched
line to the inner angle, and the subapical line. On the hindwing 3 exterior lines and a spot at the cross-vein.
d1 40 mm. Nyassa District.

Pr. orbiferalis Gaede (75 i). Red-brown, with a violet gloss. Both wings with small yellow spots and orbiferalis.
larger white somewhat diaphanous ones. Marginal line red-brown. 24 — 28 mm. Togo.

10. Genus: Tridesmodes Warr.

Forewing at the costal margin typically somewhat concave, apex pointed. Veins 7 + 8 + 9 stalked,

10 free, approximating 9. Hindwing somewhat triangular. Veins 6 and 7 separated, 8 close next to the cell.

Type: ramiculata Warr. The species are wdiite and all very much alike. They may not all be distinct species.

Tr. ramiculata Warr. Wings somewhat diaphanous, with numerous brown reticulated lines and very ramiculata
fine striae. On the forewing two median lines more distinct with a brownish spot between them at the costal
and inner margins. The last line bent towards the distal margin. Hind wing similar, with brown veins. <+19 mm.

East Africa.

Tr. elephantinalis Karsch (76 h). Costal margin of forewing violettish-brown with short striae. The two elephanti-
median lines only form a spot at the inner margin. The faint lines generally run parallel and vertically to the
inner margin. Hindwing only with few (about 3) lines. 26 — 30 mm. Cameroon.

Tr. ansorgei Warr. (76 i). Costal margin of forewing blackish brown. Lines more or less reticulated, ansorgei.
two interior lines being undulated, two exterior ones strongly curved, and a cruved submarginal line ending
at the inner angle and despatching 2 branches to the distal margin. Below the apex 1 or 2 black dots in distinction
of all the other species. Marginal line black. Hindwing with less prominent single lines. 22 — 24 mm. Uganda.

Tr. cymaeasticha B.-Bak. Costal margin of forewing reddish-brown. Lines lilac grey; from them cymaea-
about parallel lines cross the wing. Hindwing similar. £ 30 mm. Niger District.

Tr. phricosficha B.-Bak. Lines greyish ochre, undulated. Traces of a cellular spot. Exterior line more phrico-
prominent, as well as the double submarginal line with pink scales. Behind it black streaks which begin at the
costal margin with 2 black apical dots. This mark also occurs in Rhod. nudicornis , but it by no means infers
their identity. $ 32 mm. Niger District.

sticha

slicha

11. Genus: Iflatlioris Gn.

The two species, especially the first, resemble Striglina, but differ in the long-stalked veins 9 + 10 of
forewing. Type: vocata Wkr. from South America.

M. lenistrialis Hmps. (= monotonicata Strd.) (75 i). Fiery red-brown, with numerous though rather lenistrialis.
indistinct dark striae. On the lighter underside a dark median band on the forewing, very feebly continued
on the hindwing. Tarsi with distinct white rings. 22 — 25 mm. Gold Coast, Togo, Niger District. Spanish
Guinea. The <$ {— nigranalis Wrr.) has a black anal tuft.

M. magica Gaede (75 i). Blackish-brown with indistinct lighter brown bands on the forewing except in magica.
the marginal area. Hindwing similar. Both wings with a light marginal line. Fringe white with a dark basal

XIV 63

498

SYMPHLEPS; BEGUMA; CHRYSOTYPUS; ARGYROTYPUS. By M. Gaede.

svff usa

trijuncta.

inops.

radiata.

dives.

dawsoni.

locuples.

line, on the forewing at the apex and behind the cell dark brown. Abdomen before the anal end with a red
lateral spot. Legs with less conspicuous white rings. Wings beneath more variegated, forewing before the cell
with red spots. 1 4- 15 mm. Cameroon, Spanish Guinea.

12. Genus: Syiiiplileps Warr.

Separated from all the other genera by veins 10 + 8 + 9 being stalked in forewing. Type: atomosalis
Warr. from Australia. — The 3 African species look very different from each other.

S. suffusa Warr. (= signicostata Strd.) (76 k). Rusty brown. Forewing at the costal margin, especially
near the apex clay-coloured. Same colour before the distal margin which, however, is very dark rusty brown.
Hindwing before the distal margin more broadly brightened. At the cross-vein a silvery white streak. 18 — 20 mm.
Niger District, Spanish Guinea.

S. trijuncta Warr. (75 i). Wings somewhat more elongate. Ground-colour white. With short brownish
streaks which are denser at the costal margin of the forewing. Black dots on the forewing before the distal
margin, on the hindwing at the margin. 30 mm. Niger District, Cameroon.

S. inops Gaede (75 i). Wings shaped as in trijuncta. Body brownish yellow. Wings yellowish white.
Fore wing at the base and costal margin somewhat browner, with some indistinct brownish yellow undulate
lines parallel to the distal margin. On the hindwing these lines extend more clistally at the inner margin.
Fringes in both wings lighter. 26 mm. East Africa.

13. Genus : ISeguma Warr.

Distinguished from all the other genera by the presence of an accessory cell in the forewing, from the
apex of which veins 8 and 9 arise, 10 from its anterior edge. Palpi project far in the typical species. Type:
constellata Warr. from India.

B. radiaia Warr. Antennae of d short-combed. Ground-colour reddish yellowish brown. Forewing
with pale ochreous transverse bands which are reddish yellow inside. The dark ground-colour forms narrow
triangles between the bands. The 3 interior and 2 exterior bands are approximated at the inner margin, the
4 median ones extend to the submedian fold. Veins in the distal area with reddish ochreous streaks. Hindwing
with a similar interior band and one from the centre of the costal margin, which bifurcates four times. At the
apex a light spot, d 30 mm. Kassai R.

14. Genus: Clirysotypus Btlr.

Similar to the genus Pygaera. Thus probably veins 7 + 10 + 8 + 9 of fore wing stalked, but not veins
6 and 7 of hindwing. Type: dives Btlr.

Chr. dives Btlr. Body blackish-brown , abdomen with ochreous brown hair. Wings glossy, dark golden
brown, with two rusty red transverse lines, and a subapical line. Costal margin also rusty red, at the base
darker. 50 mm. Madagascar.

Chr. dawsoni Dist. Body pale ochreous, thorax in front darker. Forewing ochreous brown, with 6 dark
transverse lines. The first 3 near the base, more or less distinctly forked at the costal margin. The fourth a
little behind the cell, beginning forked below the costal margin, the fifth forked at the inner angle, the sixth
extending near the apex. Between them many short streaks. Hindwing quite similar. 40 mm. Transvaal.

15. Genus: Argyrotypus Btlr.

Similar to the preceding genus. Hindwing narrower, bevelled at the apex. Antennae more broadly
combed, palpi longer.

A. locuples Btlr. Thorax red-brown, abdomen silvery grey. Forewing above dark red-brown, almost
altogether covered with round silvery white spots. Hindwing lustrous silvei'y grey, at the inner angle with dark
red-brown reticulated lines. 40 mm. Madagascar.

Note: Camadeniana capitalis Strd., described as Thyridida, belongs to the microlepidoptera.

Alphabetical List of the African Thyrididae.

499

Alphabetical List

of the Ethiopian Thyrididae with references to the original descriptions.

* signifies that the form is also figured at the place quoted.

acaciusalis Rhod. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 19, p. 901.

aenea Dix. Saalm. Lep. Madag. p. 215.

albisignata Rhod. Warr. Nov. Zool. 6, p. 4.

aldabrana Bet. Fryer, Tr. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 15, p. 21. *

angulata Dys. Warr. Nov. Zool. 8, p. 6.

ansorgei Prot. Warr. Nov. Zool. 6, p. 289.

ansorgei Rhod. Warr. Nov. Zool. 6, p. 289.

ansorgei Trid. Warr. Nov. Zool. 8, p. 6.

apicale Rhod. Fryer, Tr. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 15. p. 21. *

arcuata Rhod. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 494.

arcuatalis Prot. Gaede, Mitt. Mus. Berlin 8, p. 381.

bastialis Rhod. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 19, p. 609.

betousalis Rhod. Gaede, Mitt. Mus. Berlin 8, p. 376.

blnoculata Dys. Warr. Nov. Zool. 8, p. 203.

brunnea Prot. Warr. Nov. Zool. 15, p. 346.

bryaxis Rhod. Faivc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1917, p. 246. *

catenula Rhod- Pag. Iris 5, p. 73.

chrysotherma Bet. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14, p. 111.

clathrata Plag. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 626.

clathratipennis Plag. Slrd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (1), p. 61.

complicata Rhod. Warr. Nov. Zool. 5, p. 222.

eonstellata Dys. Warr. Nov. Zool. 15, p. 332.

curviflua Rhod- Warr. Nov. Zool. 5, p. 221.

cymaeasticha Trid. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 541.

(liscata Dix. Warr. Nov. Zool. 12, p. 380.

disjuncta Bet. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 496.

dives Chrys. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, (ft) 20, p~. 210. _

'cLcuo-s crwo olwt/s . ( (S) o o , >o,2- 1 ^ ^

eguttalis Strig. Gaede, Mitt. Mus. Berlin 8, p. 378. *
elephantinalis Trid- Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 26, p. 245.
eugrapha Rhod- Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 118.

fenestratella Dys. Warr. Nov. Zool. 7, p. 90.

flammata Dys. TFarr. Nov. Zool. 11, p. 461.

flavicilia Rhod. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 121.

fiavidula Dys. Warr. Nov. Zool. 15, p. 333.

flavula Rhod. Pag. Iris 5, p. 111. *

fractifascia Rhod- Warr. Nov. Zool. 15, p. 342.

fulvipicta Rhod. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14, p. 114.

fuscibasis Rhod. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 489. *

gemmata Rhod. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 119.
guttistigma Strig. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 115.
guttulata Oxyc. Aur. Broter. Ser. Zool. 9 (1910), p. 160. *

hamatipex Rhod. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 168. *
hyalotypa Dys. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 541.

idalialis Rhod. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 19, p. 903.
impletalis Rhod- Wkr. Proc. N. H. S. Glasgow 1, p. 371.
inops Sym. Gaede, Mitt. Mus. Berlin 8, p. 382.
intermedia Dys. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 33, p. 827.
interrupta Dix. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 626.

janensclii Can. Gaede Mitt. Mus. Berlin 8, p. 378.
jejunalis Rhod. Gaede, Mitt. Mus. Berlin 8, p. 375.

latizonalis Rhod. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 622.

lenistrialis Math. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 114.
locuples Arg. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 241.

margaritalis Rhod. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 624.
magica Math. Gaede, Mitt. Mus. Berlin 8, p. 381. *
majuscula Bet. Gaede, Mitt. Mus. Berlin 8, p. 379.
mellea Rhod- Saalm. Stett. Ent. Z. 43, p. 442.
meriani Rhod- Gaede, Mitt. Mus. Berlin 8, p. 376.
micragraphalis Rhod- Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond- 1897, p. 61,
p. 619.

ininutula Bet. Saalm. Lep. Madag., p. 216. *
miosticta Rhod- Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 120.
misalis Rhod- Karsch, Ent. Nachr. 26, p. 251.
multipunctata Rhod Hmps. Moth India 1, p. 356.

nigranalis Math. Warr. Nov. Zool. 10, p. 271.
nigropunctula Rhod- Pag. Iris 5, p. 109.
nudicornis Rhod- Gaede, Mitt. Mus. Berlin 8, p. 375.

obliquifascia Rhod. Warr. Nov. Zool. 15, p. 343.
obscuralis Bet. Hmps. Moths India 1, p. 365.
opalinula Rhod. Mab. Ann. S. Ent. Fr. (5) 9, p. 347.
orbiferalis Prot. Gaede, Mitt. Mus. Berlin 8, p. 380.

palairanta Rhod- B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 542.
pectinifera Prot. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 122.
perigrapha Rhod. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14, p. 114.
pexa Oxyc. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 17, p. 117.
phoenicophora Rhod- Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14, p. 116.
phricosticha Trid- B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 541.
plagialis Rhod- Gaede, Mitt. Mus. Berlin 8, p. 376.
pusillata Rhod- Warr. Nov. Zool. 9, p. 489.

radiata Beg. Warr. Nov. Zool. 15, p. 328.
ramiculata Trid- Warr. Nov. Zool. 6, p. 290.
rostrifera Rhod- Warr. Nov. Zool. 5, p. 6.
rothi Strig. Warr. Nov, Zool. 5, p. 226.

scardialis Rhod. Rbl. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 28, p. 280. *
serraticornis Oxyc. Warr. Nov. Zool. 6, p.3.88.
sigillata Rhod- Warr. Nov. Zool. 5, p. 223.
spilotata Rhod. Warr. Nov. Zool. 5, p. 222.
splendida Prot. Warr. Nov. Zool. 6, p. 8.
sordidula Rhod. Plotz, Stett. Ent. Z. 41, p. 304.
squamigera Rhod. Pag. Iris 5, p. 72.
strigifera Plag. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (1), p. 62.
subscripta Rhod- Warr. Nov. Zool. 6, p. 7.
subsignata Dys. Warr. Nov. Zool. 15, p. 335.
suffusa Sym. Warr. Nov. Zool. 5, p. 226.

terreola Rhod. Mab. C. R. S. Ent. Belg. 23, p. 108.
tessellata Prot. Warr. Nov. Zool. 15, p. 346.
thermographa Rhod. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14, p. 111.
trijuncta Sym. Warr. Nov. Zool. 5, p. 5.

verticalis Hyp. Warr. Nov. Zool. 6, p. 288.
vittiferalis Prot. Gaede, Mitt. Mus. Berlin 8, p. 380.

werneburgalis Rhod. Keferst. Jahrb. Ak. Erfurt (2) 6, p. 16. *

zelleri Dys. Dew. N. Acta Leop. Carl. Ak. 42, p. 65. *

METARBELIDAE; SAALMULLERIA. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

501

21. Family: Metarbelidae.

This family as well as its Indian representatives, the Lepidarbelidae (— Arhelidae Mr.) were only grouped
as a separate family at the end of the last century. The few species that were known before were formerly
treated as Gossidae, Limaccdidae, or also as Lasiocampidae, many of them were also in different collections
without having been determined or described. Hamfson first comprised them as “ Arhelidae ” by combining
the Indian species (with 3 inner- marginal veins) with the African ones (with 2 such veins). Beside a loam-coloured
or dull greyish-brown colouring the species show few common external features; many are of the habitus of
certain Notodontidae, such as the Metarhela ochracea (78 g) and M. latifasciata (78 g) which do not only exhibit
the shape and attitude of the wings of a Pygaera but also quite a similar anal tuft ending in two lateral
pencils as in the Pygaera. The largest species, Saalmulleria stumpfi (78 a), has a colouring and marking similar
to the American Cr inodes bellatrix, with the same glossy, wood-coloured brown wings and a remarkably darkened
front body, peculiarly pointed abdominal combs, and a large anal pencil. Moreover the Notodontidae resemble
the Metarbelidae in the bark-colour of the wings, a convergency produced by copying bark to such a degree that
even glossy spots on the bark, produced by dew or rain-drops, are found in African Metarbelidae in exactly the
same way as for instance in the palaearctic Spatalia argentina ; and like the latter, also the African Aethiopina
argentifera (78 c) exhibits beside the silvery spot of the forewing a pointed anal tuft parted into 2 lateral tips.

Many Metarbelidae have the wing-contours of Gossidae, as for instance those of Cossus (Lebedodes
nigeriae, 78 b), of PLolcocerus (Salagena cLscata, 78 e), or of Dyspessa ( Arbelodes meridionalis, 78 h), to all of which
they are presumably allied. The few larvae known of this family live in wood according to the habits of the
Gossidae, some probably also in the roots of bushes and trees, and like all the borers they have the disagreeable
property of becoming slightly oleous in the collections. — - The imagines are absolutely nocturnal and are
probably taken only on the lantern. They seem to lack any internal protection, whereas the allied Gossidae
seem to be sometimes protected by a disgusting smell and some Zeiizeridae even exhibit a distinct warning colour
( Gallocossus auroguttata,'Zeuzera pyrina).

The range of the said group is absolutely Ethiopian. The genus Metarbela containing a great number
of species has numerous representatives in the rainy tropical zones, whilst most of the other genera prefer
more the steppe districts and countries with a long dry season, such as Natal, the Boer countries, and Cape
Colony. None of the almost 120 forms hitherto known traverse the Sahara to the north, and the Indian allies
— genus Lepidarbela Dali. ( Arbela Mr.) — are separated from the Africans by the above-mentioned difference
in the veins. A number of American forms seem to be more closely allied to the Indian group than to the Africans.

Proboscis absent. Palpi short or very short. Antennae of pectinate to the tips. Hind tibiae with
1 or 2 pair of spurs which are often very feeble. In the forewing but 1 inner-marginal vein, except in the first
genus where the interior portion of a second vein is recognizable. Hindwing without frenulum, only with 2
inner-marginal veins whereby it is distinguished from the Indian Arhelidae with 3 inner-marginal veins. By
the short parted cell on both wings and the almost invariably absent frenulum approximated to the Lasio¬
campidae, separated from them by the position of vein 2 in the forewing arising far basad in the Lasiocampidae.
In the scheme of markings the species are partly similar to the Gossidae, partly to the Limacodidae, less to the
Thyrididae.

I. Genera without an accessory cell in the forewing.

1. Genus: Saalmulleria Mab.

Antennae of $ as long as % of costal margin, strongly pectinate. Abdomen with basal tuft and fan-
shaped anal tuft. Veins 3 and 4 in both wings near together, 5 and 6 from % and % of the cross-vein. In

502

LEBEDODES. By M. Gaede.

stumpffi.

rufithorax.

fumealis.

bass a.

endomela.

jeanneli.

reticulata.

naialica.

cossula .

wichgrafi.

violascens.

the forewing 9 + 7 + 8 stalked and 10+11. In the hindwing behind the cell-end a bar extends from 7
obliquely distad to vein 8. Beneath the submedian fold of the hindwing is almost transformed into a 3rd inner-
marginal vein. In the forewing the interior half of a 2nd inner-marginal vein is distinct. — The genus forms a
transition to the Indian Arbelidae (with 3 inner-marginal veins on the hindwing) and to the Cossidae (with
2 inner-marginal veins on the forewing), for which reason Saalmuller and Mabille also placed them to the
Cossidae. On account of the absence of the frenulum, however, it is correctly placed here.

S. stumpffi Saalm. (78 a). Ground-colour dark reddish-brown. Thorax, hairtufts at the beginning and
end of abdomen very dark brown. On the forewing the base of the inner margin and a semicircular spot behind
the lower cell-angle, and a round spot at the same place in the hindwing are just as dark. On the fore wing before
the distal margin 2 broad somewhat paler bands , interrupted by the veins. $ 65 — 70 mm. Madagascar.

2. Genus: Xjebedodes Holl.

Shape of wings similar to the genus Cossus. In forewing veins 4 and 5 close together, 6 a little below
the upper cell-angle, 9 + 7 + 8 stalked, 10 and 11 coalescent. In hindwing the lower cell-angle projects far.
Veins 4 and 5 slightly separated, 6 far from 7, 8 separated. Cell parted in its upper half by a vertical bar. Type:
cossula Holl.

L. rufithorax Hmps. (78 a). Thorax dark rusty brown, forewing lighter rusty brown with a few dark
brown reticulate lines, the exterior ones bifurcating at the inner margin. Inner-margin at base somewhat darker.
Abdomen and hindwing pale red-brown, in the centre somewhat darker, before the margin feeble dark reticulate
lines. $ 32 mm. Natal.

L. fumealis J arise. Similar to rufithorax. But thorax not so dark. On the forewing the costal margin
is slightly concave, the central spot larger, faded, extending from veins 2 — 6, in rufithorax hardly marked.
Ground-colour more reddish-brown. The patch at the inner margin faint. In the $ more intensely dark at the
cross-vein, behind it traces of a dark exterior band. The stripe at the inner margin as in rufithorax. 32 — 35 mm.
Rhodesia.

L. bassa B.-Balc. ( = togoica Karsch) (78 a). Body and forewing pale brown, somewhat reddish. Of
the usual reticulate lines a slightly curved postmedian one and one before the distal margin are more intensely
marked. The latter line is almost straight, only at vein 3 directed towards the inner angle. In togoica this line is
not stronger and slightly bent. Inner margin at base almost black. Abdomen and hindwing more red-brown.
30 — 32 mm. Togo, Niger-District.

L. endomela B.-Balc. (78 a). Thorax dark brown, abdomen and forewing greyer brown with many
indistinct dark lines and a dark radial patch. Tolerably distinct are only 2 lines, one from % of the costal
margin and a short one from the centre of vein 2 to % of the inner margin. Base of inner margin dark.
Hindwing pale grey with fine reticulate lines. 32 mm. Nandi District, Bar el Ghazal. A specimen from East
Africa, which I take to be endomela, shows a slightly S-curved dark brown line from % of costal margin to %
of inner margin, and a second line parallel to it on the centre of the parted distal area.

L. jeanneli Le C'erf. Greyish-brown. Fore wing with fine brown striae which are absent in many places.
Inner margin at the base dark. Hindwing not marked. 32 mm. East Africa.

L. reticulata n. sp. (78 a) has narrower wings than the other species. Ground-colour dark red-brown.
Fore wing with numerous dark reticulate lines almost vertical to the inner margin, nearly everywhere very
indistinct. Inner margin not darkened at base. Hindwing somewhat lighter, without markings. $ 26 mm.
Natal. Type in the Tring Museum.

L. natalica Hmps. Reddish-brown (78 i). Thorax and a stripe at the median vein of the forewing darker
brown. This stripe is expanded into a spot behind the cell. Moreover a row of dark spots before the margin, and
dark reticulate lines on the whole wing. Hindwing lighter red-brown with dark marginal dots. 32 mm. Natal.

The following species are larger, with a dark tuft at the base of the abdomen.

L. cossula Holl. (= clathratus Grunbg.) (78 b). Reddish-brown with a grey shine. Thorax and abdominal
tufts almost blackish-brown. Forewing with distinct reticulate lines, a more distinct line at vein 2, one from
% of the costal margin to the inner angle and one parallel to the distal margin meeting the other below vein 3.
The base at the inner margin coloured like the thorax. Hindwing with dense rows of dark brown spots. 55 mm.
Cameroon, Gold Coast.

L. wichgrafi Grunbg. (= durbanica Hmps.) (78 b). Colour of body and wings somewhat darker than

in cossula. The basal area from the costal margin to vein 2 darker. The dark reticulate lines are very fine.

More distinct is only one parallel to the distal margin, showing an oval dark spot inside at the costal margin.
Hindwing lighter, greyer. 45 mm. Senegal, Ivory Coast, Transvaal, Natal.

L. violascens n. sp. (78 b) resembles a light wichgrafi. Body and forewing violettish-brown. Forewing

with a uniformly fine dark brown reticulation which is only somewhat stronger at the costal margin. Hindwing

lighter brown, glossy. $ 36 mm. East Africa. Type in the Berlin Museum.

LEPIDARBELA; PARALEBEDA; AETHIOPINA. By M. Gaede.

503

L. castanea Janse (78 b) is like a small wichgrafi. Distal margin of forewing more oblique, hindwing castanea.
rounder. Streaks of forewing indicating an exterior, submarginal, and marginal band. On the hindwing also
traces of 3 such bands. $ 37 mm. Transvaal.

L. tligeriae B.-Bak. (78 b). Similar to wichgrafi in colour and size. On the forewing an undulating nigeriae.
straight median line, an exterior line obliquely to vein 2, then straight to the inner margin and a line close
before the distal margin. 50 mm. Niger District. The specimen figured from the Shari-Tsad District presumably
belongs to this species.

L. naevius Fawc. (78 c). Similar to a somewhat greyer, unmarked wichgrafi. Only the thorax and the naevius.
basal streak of the forewing dark red-brown. 36 mm. East-Africa.

L. schaeferi Griinbg. (78 c). Dark brown with numerous lighter brown, somewhat undulating lines, schaeferi.
A slightly bent light postmedian double line, behind it two almost straight double lines and a feebler one before
the margin. Hindwing as light as these lines. Colour of the body between them. 36 — 40 mm. Cameroon. In
this species vein 11 of forewing is present and on half its length stalked with 10, whilst in the other species it is
present at most as a short spur at the end.

L. fratema n. sp. (78 c) corresponds to schaeferi in the different neuration. Ground-colour light brown, fratema.
The light shadow below vein 2 is somewhat broader. An exterior band parallel to the distal margin, and a marginal
band indistinctly parted by light. On the centre of the inner margin a short line and 3 or 4 others nearer to the
base, traced to the costal margin, all being darker brown. On the hindwing the colour of which corresponds
to schaeferi only faint traces of a band before the distal margin, castanea may be similar, though hardly identical,
since the neuration is different. <$ 38 mm. Cameroon. Type in the Berlin Museum.

L. velutina Le Cerf. is quite different owing to the broader shape of the wings, the differently sized velutina.
sexes, and the colouring. Body and forewing silvery grey, between the veins finely striated white, margin light
reddish-yellow. Hindwing light grey with fine reticulation, brown, margin yellowish. $ with long hair-tuft
at the end of abdomen. $ 20, § 30 mm. East Africa.

3. Genus : T^epidarbela DalJa Torre.

The generic name replaces the preoccupied name Arbela Mr. from India. The only African species does
not exactly correspond with the description of the genus in Hampson’s Moths of India. Antennae of $ shortly
pectinated. Palpi moderately long. In the forewing vein 6 below the upper cell-angle, 10 + 9 -j- 7 + 8 stalked.

In the hindwing exceptionally a frenulum present. Cross-vein in front distally angled, so that vein 6 arises
farther from the base than 7; 8 connected with cell by a bar. At the inner margin 3 veins as otherwise only in
the Indian forms. Hindtibia with one pair of spurs.

Lep. tegula Dist. (78 c). Body and wings lustrous light greyish-yellow. Thorax somewhat rusty brown, tegula.
Fore wing densely covered with ochreous brown bands which are somewhat rusty brown above the inner margin.

At the cell-end a similar spot. 36- 42 mm. Transvaal.

4. Genus: Paralebeda limps.

Antennae somewhat shorter pectinate than in Lebedodes. In the forewing veins 10 +9-1-7 +8 stalked.

Veins 4 + 5 stalked or from the same place. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 from the upper cell-angle, from
the cell an oblique bar extends to 8. Type: carnescens Hmps.

P. schultzei Aur. (78 c). Reddish-brown, with a violet gloss. On the fore wing a dark band from % of schnitzel.
the inner margin to the lower cell-angle, behind the cell a stretched spot. About vertically to the inner angle a
light double line, behind it darker. Abdomen and hindwing somewhat lighter, hindwing with dark spots.

27 mm. Niger.

P. carnescens Hmps. Similar to a large schultzei suffused with flesh-colour. At the inner margin of carnescens.
forewing before the centre a V-shaped dark spot, the dark shadow before the distal margin not parted by a
double line. 38 mm. Natal.

5. Genus: Aetliiopina n. g.

Antennae of short, with relatively long pectinations. Wings shaped as in Paralebeda. In the forewing

veins 10 + 7 +8+9 stalked, 8 -+ 9 very long, 6 a little below the upper cell-angle. Vein 11 free. In the

hindwing veins 6 + 7 stalked, from the cell an oblique bar to vein 8. Type : argentifera.

«

Aeth. argentifera n. sp. (78 c). Blackish-brown. Fore wing at the costal margin with 4 broad yellowish- argentifera.
brown spots. At the inner margin somewhat rusty brown, with 2 light streaks representing the inner and median

504

SALAGENA. By M. Gaede.

semicir-

culata.

iessellata.

splculutu.

cusirigaia.

albonotata.

rciiculaia.

iransversa.

narses.

irrorata.

atridiscatci .

obsolescens.

discaia.

lines. Below vein 2 a large triangular spot, behind and below it 1 small spot each, the latter surrounded by
rusty yellow scales. At the cell-end a black reniform spot, with a rusty yellow dot within. Behind it an indistinct
double ( 1) faded distal line. Fringe speckled. Hindwing blackisli-brown, fringe white. <$ 20 mm. East Africa.
Type in the Berlin Museum.

Aeth. semicirculata n. sp. (78 c). Thorax and forewing dark red-brown. An interior and exterior
lighter brown band seems to be present, also the costal margin lighter except at the base and apex. This
marking is rather vague owing to the specimen having been damaged. Distal margin narrowly lighter with
distinct dark semicircles at the edge. Fringe with reddish ground-line, as light as margin. Abdomen (oleous)
and hindwing pale reddish brown. <§ 30 mm. Abyssinia. Type in the Berlin Museum.

6. Genus : Wkr. (Selagena Hmps.)

In the forewing vein 10 from the cell, otherwise as Paralebeda. In the hindwing veins 4 and 5 separated,
from the same place or stalked, veins 6 and 7 more or less separated. The cell-end connected with vein 8 by
an oblique bar. Faint traces of a third inner-marginal vein. Type: Iransversa Wkr.

S. tessellata Dist. (78 d). This species has exceptionally a frenulum. Body ochreous. Forewing milky
white, densely striated dark brown except on the centre of the inner margin, behind the cell and at the costal
margin, where orange-yellow streaks predominate. Hindwing and abdomen of $ white, of $ ochreous with
lighter fringe. In the <$ the distal margin of the fore wing is band-shaped less densely striated. 20 — 25 mm.
Transvaal, East Africa. spiculata Karsch (78 d) is more contrasting on the forewing. Marginal band very
light, before it as far as the cell a dark band which is bordered by a large light basal spot. Togo, Angola,
eustrigata Hmps. is contrary to it. The light spots on the forewing behind the cell and above the inner margin
are small and distinct. East Africa, Somaliland.

S. albonotata Btlr. (78 d). Forewing ashy grey, at the base whitish-brown, also at the costal margin
and a little at the inner margin. Below and behind the cell one faded nut-brown longitudinal stripe each. The
whole wing with white transverse striae and 6 pure white spots, 1 each in and behind the cell, 4 above the
centre of the inner margin. Hindwing silky white. Thorax red-brown, abdomen with white hairs. 25 — 30 mm.
East Africa. The figured $ shows only 4 light rings with dark fillings, but it probably belongs to this species.

S. reticulata Janse. Thorax white with black and reddish scales. Abdomen white with brown tufts.
Fore wing whitish, hued with reddish-brown except behind the cell, narrowly under the median vein and more
broadly below vein 2. Numerous fine vertical streaks, edged with black, in the median and distal areas centred
with reddish-yellow, at the margin white streaks. Hindwing of $ white, of $ browner. 30 mm. Transvaal.

S. transversa Wkr. ( = strigosa Auriv.) (78 d). Body and forewing blackish-brown. Forewing finely
streaked yellowish- white, fringe spotted yellowish-white. Hindwing deep dark. Veins 4 + 5 on a short stalk.
22 mm. Congo District, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Delagoa Bay.

S. narses Fawc. (78 d). Body and forewing rusty yellow. Abdominal tufts and rings on forewing rusty
brown, filled with yellowish- white. The space around the cross-vein and below the base of vein 2 darker, often
so as far as the base. Hindwing brownish ochreous, veins 4 and 5 almost from the same place. Antennae of $
without any dents. 25 -30 mm. East Africa.

S. irrorata Le Cerf. Thorax and forewing red-brown, somewhat violet, with small whitish or grey
round spots, some of white are finely edged with black. Hindwing greyish-brown with traces of the same
marking. Abdomen greyish- white, at the beginning and end red-brown. $ 30 mm. East Africa.

S. atridiscata Hmps. (78 d). Body dark brown, abdomen with white hairs. Forewing whitish and
rusty brown with black rings. Median vein, apex, and inner angle of a purer white. Behind the cell a small
black spot. Hindwing greyish-brown, at the anal angle white, veins 4 and 5 slightly separated. 30 -32 mm.
Cameroon, East Africa.

S. obsolescens Hmps. (78 e). Body whitish greyish brown, only the abdominal tufts darker. Forewing
brownish white with somewhat faded black ring-spots, filled with yellowish especially at the inner margin.
Hindwing greyish brown, somewhat spotted. 28—40 mm. Senegal, Natal, East Africa. — A specimen from
Greater Comoro is intensely brownish on the body and forewings, so that the spots are very indistinct except
a discal spot and some at the inner margin. Another specimen from the same habitat has just as indistinct
markings, the ground-colour being much lighter. Both in the Tring Museum.

S. discata n. sp. (78 ej. Ground-colour similar. The spots on the forewing smaller, in the marginal area
more distinct. At the end of the cross-vein a distinct oval black spot. Hindwing whitish, with variably distinct
grey spots. 32—35 mm. Senegal. Type in the Tring Museum.

Publ. 9. VII. 1929.

STENAGRA; MARSHALLIANA. By M. Gaede.

505

S. fuscata n.sp. (78 e). Body white, only thorax in front light rusty brown. Forewing suffused with fuscata.
light rusty brown, only at the base, costal and distal margins purer white. Spots darker rusty brown, two of
them at the cross- vein more prominent. Hindwing pure white. 25 -28 mm. Ivory and Gold Coast. Type in
the Tring Museum.

S. inversa n. sp. (78 e). Body and wings greyish brown. Forewing at the base and costal margin whitish inversa.
with orange streaks. The rest of the forewing with short black streaks in straight rows. Fringe speckled.

Hindwing with whitish fringe. £ 22 mm. Senegal. Type in the Tring Museum.

S. mirabilis Le Cerf. Thorax ochreous mixed with steel-blue, abdomen greyish white. Forewing the mirabilis.
same, at the costal margin and inner margin somewhat darker. Below the cell, at the base and distal margin
somewhat reddish yellow. Ming crossed by 8 rows of unequal spots in 2 groups of 4 rows each, approximating
each other at the inner margin, parted in the centre of the wing. The exterior rows are oblique and fading
anteriorly. Each spot is ochreous with a more or less intense steel-blue gloss, especially in the inner-marginal
half. A very large steel-blue spot at the upper cell-angle. In the cell yellowish spots, at the costal margin
steel-blue spots. Hindwing greyish-red. 9 46 mm. Angola.

S. cuprea n. sp. (78 e). Body and wings brown. Thorax and abdomen dorsally with coppery scales, cuprea.
Forewing with white streaks, especially in the basal area, between them spots with a polished copper gloss.

Hindwing without markings. $ 28 mm. Tchari-Tsad District. Type in the Tring Museum.

S. albicilia Hmps. Body rusty brown with some white hairs. Forewing rusty brown. At the base at albicilia.
the costal margin and below it a few white spots. Below the centre of the cell and at the cross- vein metallic
black spots. Behind the cell traces of 4 brown undulate lines, with some black scales from the costal margin
to vein 5. At the margin near veins 6 and 7 a few black spots. Hindwing blackish-brown with a coppery gloss,
fringe white. <$ 30 mm. East Africa. — A G from the Congo District lacks the black areas and the 4 brown
lines: denigrata /. n. 26 mm. Type in the Berlin Museum. In the forewing veins 9+7+8 on a long denujrala.

stalk. In the hindwing veins 4 — 5 and 6 7 equidistantly separated.

S. nigropunctata Le Cerf. Body and forewing reddish-grey, between the cell and inner margin somewhat nigropunc-
more salmon-coloured. At the cross-vein a large black oval spot. Interior line double, from above the inner
margin to the costal margin, behind it two median ones only reaching to the cell, all being undulate, black.

Between the veins large grey dots, indistinctly black-edged, forming about 4 rows, the last of them at the
distal margin. Hindwing somewhat lighter, with 6 indistinct rows of spots. Marginal line greyish-brown.

$ 35 mm. Senegal.

S. Violetta n. sp. (78 e) is quite differently marked. Body greyish-brown. Thorax and tufts on abdomen violeHa.
dark brown. Forewing yellowish-brown. At the costal margin reddish-brown spots, at the base a similar line
and behind it a triangle. Above the centre of the inner margin a violettish-brown quadrangle as far as the cell,
edged with black. At the cross-vein a dark oval violet spot. Marginal area in the interior half violettish-brown.
inside edged with black, outside faded. The rest dark red-brown, inside white-edged, at the veins parted by
light, with a large white spot below the apex. Hindwing greyish-brown. Distance between veins 3 and 4
almost smaller than between 4 and 5. $ 32 mm. Nyassa Listrict. Type in the Berlin Museum. A specimen
from Senegal (Tring Museum) shows unicoloured intensely red-brown forewings.

7. Genus: Stcnagra Hmps.

Antennae of dentate. Fore wing very narrow, at the apex rounded, distal margin oblique. Inner
margin projecting at base. Vein 5 rather far in front, 6 from the upper angle, veins 9+7+8 stalked, 10 and
11 free. In the hindwing vein 5 also farther in front, 6 + 7 on a long stalk, from the cell-end a bar to veins 8.

St. multipuncta Hmps. Body and forewing red-brown, hued with violettish grey, with black spots, viultipunc-
One of them is round below the base of the cell, a triangular one in the cell above vein 2, and one at the upper
cell-angle. A distal row of 7 round spots as far as below the base of vein 2. Before the margin smaller spots
edged with grey. Hindwing pale red-brown. 9 23 mm. Niger District.

8. Genus: Marshalliana Aur.

Antennae of G with long, strong pectinations, which are very short in the 9- Palpi very short. Wings
broad. In the forewing the anterior portion of the cell is strongly removed towards the base. Vein 6 far below
the upper angle, 7+10 + 8+9 stalked. In both wings veins 3, 4 and 5 equidistant. In the hindwing 6 + 7
stalked. From the cell an oblique bar to vein 8. Type: bivittata Aur.

M. bivittata Aur. (78 e). Greyish-brown with a violet gloss. On the forewing on the median vein a bivittata.
w'hite narrow band across % of the length of the wing with a branch at vein 2. From % of the costal margin,
to % of the inner margin an indistinct line, angled at vein 5. Hindwing lighter greyish-brown. 22 —27 mm.

XIV 64

506

ORTHARBELA. By M. Gaede.

Mashonaland. In the same district besides, and in Cameroon apparently exclusively, a form occurs in which
the band on the fore wing is not forked, but fills up the whole space between veins 3 and 5. Hindwing of $
almost white.

jansei . M. jansei sp. n. (78 f). Similar though larger. Ground-colour more reddish brown. The upper branch

of the white radial line is entirely absent, the branch at vein 2 feebler, below it as far as the inner margin
considerably darker. Cross-vein slightly darkened, the exterior line sometimes indicated by some dots. Hindwing
paler red-brown. 30 -32 mm. East Africa. Also a damaged specimen from Cameroon probably belongs to

this species. The ^ of it shows the same colouring on both wings, the white radial line is indicated in but
1 of 2 specimens. $ only present from the Transvaal. Janse takes this to be the normal $ of bivittata. Type <$,
$ in the Berlin Museum.

9. Genus: Ortliarbela Aur.(Arbelodes Hmps.)

Separated from the preceding genus in the neuration only by the free course of vein 10 of forewing.
Legs long-haired. Type: guttata Aur.

guttata. 0. guttata Aur. (78 f). Brownish-black, abdomen at base lighter. M ings blackish. Forewing with

brownish-yellow spots, one at the cell-end, 5 before the distal margin, and a streak at the inner margin. At
vein 2 some white dots. Hindwing without marking, fringe with light tips. 23 mm. East Africa.

castanea. 0. castanea n. sp. (78 f). Thorax and forewing unicoloured dark chestnut, fringe somewhat lighter.

Abdomen and hind wing blackish brown, fringe at the tips orange. Beneath both wings blackish-brown. Fringe
of forewing with an orange basal line, on the hinclwing cpiite orange. A 17 mm. Cameroon. Separated from
the typical species by the anastomosis of veins 7 and 8 in the forewing. Type in the Berlin Museum.

tetrasticta. 9. tetrasticta Hmps. Body dark brown. Forewing dark reddish-brown. At the base of the inner margin

and a spot behind the cell brownish ochreous. Below vein 2 to the inner angle an oblique row of 4 white dots.
Hindwing blackish-brown, fringe grey. 22 — 24 mm. East Africa.

obliquifas- 0. obliquif ascia Hmps. Thorax blackish-brown, abdomen white mixed with dark brown. Forewing

cia. grey and dark brown. At the costal margin black dots and an oblique blackish lunular line from the apex to
vein 5 where the continuation is removed parallel distally. Hindwing pale reddish-brown. A 24 mm. Sierra Leone.

bisinuata. 9* bisinuata Hmps. Thorax and forewing grey and reddish brown. In the interior area dark reddish-

brown sjDots parted by a pale streak in the submedian fold, and a similar one at vein 2. One spot each with a
light edge at the cell-end and below it at the inner margin. Submarginal line dark brown, between veins 7
and 4 incurved, otherwise excurved. Hindwing ochreous, at the margin reddish-brown. A 28 mm. East Africa.

semifas- 9. semifasciata n. sp. (78 f). Body dark greyish-brown, somewhat reddish. Wings pale reddish-brown.

data. Forewing with dark brown marking. Interior line represented by a short streak in the cell, behind it 2 dots
at the upper and lower edges of the cell. A little behind the centre of the inner margin a broad band anteriorly
as far as the cell, enclosing a white spot below vein 2. Exterior line only marked by a few dots. At the ends
of the veins more distinct black dots. 22 mm. Adamaua. Type in the Berlin Museum.

atbivenaia. 0. albivenata Hmps. Body brown and greyish-white. Forewing greyish redbrown, At the basal half

of vein 1 a strong white streak, the rest and the other veins as well as the costal margin finer white. In the
interior area at the costal margin dark streaks. Behind the cell a row of dark dots and a fine double line,
fringe with white dots. Hindwing greyish-brown, fringe with white tips. $ 28 mm. Natal.

rufula. 9. rufula Hmps. Body pale rusty brown. Forewing the same. A fine brown undulating interior line

and two median lines from the cell. Exterior line more distinct, incurved below vein 7 and at vein 3. Close
behind the cell a brown ring. Hindwing pale rusty yellow. A 26 mm. East Africa.

diagonalis. 9. diagonalis Hmps. Thorax blackish-brown, abdomen ochreous brown, at the end darker. Fore wing

red-brown, dusted with blackish-brown, with a very oblique black streak from the costal margin before the
middle to the anal angle. A blackish interior line from the cell, median line angled at the lower cell-angle,
exterior line irregularly undulated. Hindwing pale ochreous brown. A 30 mm. Gold Coast.

ruinin'. a. 9. minima Hmps. Body black and pale yellow. Forewing black and rusty red, at the base whitish.

An indistinct interior and median black line. Discoidal spot black. Exterior line more distinct, the space
before it to the median line more intensely rusty red. The black submarginal line incurved in the middle,
behind it rusty red. Hind wing blackish- brown, with a grey gloss. 18 mm. East Africa.

METARBELODES; METARBELA. By M. Gaede.

507

II. The following genera have an accessory cell in the forewing.

10. Genus: Metarbelodes Strd.

Similar to the following genus. Antennae of $ with long, strong pectinations. In the forewing veins
7 and 10 + 8 + 9 from the apex ot the accessory cell. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 stalked, 8 connected with
the cell by a bar near the base. Type: umtaliana Aur.

M. umtaliana Aur. (78 f). Thorax and forewing yellowish-brown, with variably distinct dark transverse umtaliana.
lines and marginal dots. Below vein 2 a broadly faded yellowish-white stripe. Abdomen and hindwing yellowish-
white. $ 25 — 30 mm. East Africa, Mashonaland.

M. obliqualinea B.-Bak. Thorax greyish ochreous, abdomen dingy grey. Forewing reddish ochreous obliquali-
with a dark grey line below the cell and vein 2, the latter towards the inner margin narrowly edged with nea

creamy white. Transverse lines indistinct, best visible in the basal area which thereby turns more reddish.

Hindwing creamy white. <$ 26 mm.

11. Genus: Metarbela Roll.

Antennae in nearly all the species relatively long and in the $ with moderately long, in the $ with very
short pectinations. Apex of forewing more pointed or more rounded. Vein 6 from the upper cell-angle, 7 and
8 + 9 from the apex of the accessory cell, 10 somewhat basad to the latter. In the hindwing veins 6+7
moderately long-stalked, 8 connected with the cell by a bar. Type: stivafer Holl.

1. arcifera- group. Small species with very long and strongly pectinate antennae.

M. arcifera Hmps. (78 f). Body and forewing ochreous brown. Below the cell beginning from the base arcifera.
and at vein 2 a narrow white band, also the base at the inner margin white. Apical area whitish, only veins
brown. Hindwing white, veins finely brown. 20 — 26 mm. East Africa, Uganda. pagana Strd. On the pagana.
forewing above vein 2 more intensely brown, otherwise pale, without markings. Hindwing not so purely white.

22 mm. East Africa. It may be only a faded arcifera.

M. pallescens Le Cerf. Forewing white, at the base somewhat rusty brown. At the inner margin an pallescens.
irregular grey spot. At the inner angle a dark shadow, in front continued in dark streaks. Hindwing dingy
white. 22 mm. East Africa. This may also be only a faded arcifera.

M. laguna Hmps. Thorax and forewing pale rusty brown. Basal area, a triangular area from the lower laguna.
cell-angle to the inner margin and the distal area except at the costal margin whitish-brown. In and below
the cell a dark streak which is below white-edged above and under vein 1. Besides a triangular white spot
connected with an elliptical dark spot between the submedian fold and the inner margin. Before the margin
3 elliptical dark spots, decreasing posteriorly. Dark marginal spots, fringe white. Hindwing brownish white.
d1 25 mm. Gold Coast.

2. stivafer-gvoup. Larger species with shorter antennae, especially short in the type.

M. onusta Karsch (78 f). <f$ golden yellow with brown marking. At the cell-end a ring. Vein 2 dark onusia.
and indistinctly so prolonged to about l/3 of the costal margin. Exterior line from near the apex, incurved
behind the cell, then notched parallel to the distal margin. At the margin dark lunae. Hindwing yellowish-
white. $ more intensely reddish brown, only costal margin lighter. An interior line is also visible from % costal
margin to y3 inner margin. At the cross-vein a narrow rectangle. Hindwing rusty yellow. 26 — 30 mm. Togo.

M. cymaphora Hmps. (= neurosticta Hmps.). Thorax dark yellowish-brown. Forewing with a lighter cymaphora
gloss. The dark radial line only at vein 2 itself, posteriorly white-edged, below it near the inner angle 2 — 4 white
dots. At the cross-vein an almost quadrangular dark, light-edged spot. The dark submarginal line is concave
behind the cell, inside with whitish streaks. x4t the costal margin near the apex dark and light dots. Hindwing
pale yellowish-brown. $ 22 — 26 mm. Rhodesia, Transvaal.

M. bipuncta Hmps. Body and forewing pale red-brown, at the costal and inner margins somewhat bipuncta.
darker. The triangle from the median vein to the apex and inner angle dark violettish-brown. Below' the basal
half of vein 2 two small silvery dots with a little black between. Before the margin a pale line, from vein 4
incurved. Hindwing glossy dark red-brown. 28 mm. East Africa.

M. quadriguttata Aur. Body dark brown, thorax at the end and abdomen at the base, with wdiite hairs, quadrigut-
Forewing blackish with yellow short streaks, costal margin chiefly yellow. Below the end of vein 2 there are 4 ta,a-

small w+ite spots. Hindwing blackish-brown, at the costal margin lighter. $ 24 mm. Fernando Po.

508

METARBELA. By M. Gaede.

triangula¬

ris.

ochracea.

laiifasciaia.

distincia.

bijasciata.

siivafer.

nubifera .

inconspi-

cua.

erecta.

vail- alba.

dialeuca.

plagifcra.

cremorna.

raja.

M. triangularis n. sp. (78 f). Thorax dark reddish-brown. Eorewing below the cell and vein 2 just as
dark, the broad distal margin parted by a light line and connected with the spot at the cross-vein is more
violettish-brown. The remaining, almost triangular portion is lighter brown. Hindwdng and abdomen light
greyish-brown. $ 26 mm. East Africa. Type in the Berlin Museum.

M. ochracea n. sp. (78 g) resembles triangularis. From the light ochreous triangular area of the forewing
a stripe extends to the inner margin. The streak at the cross- vein is distantly separated from the darker distal
area which is also parted by a light line. Body and hindwing as dark brown as the dark places in the forewing,
d 30 mm. Type in the Hamburg Museum.

M. latifasciata n. sp. (78 g). Body and wings violettish-brown. On the forewing a spot in the cell-end
and a broad band from vein 2 to below the costal margin and the slightly waved light submarginal line darker
reddish-brown. Median vein and vein 2 somewhat lighter. Both wings with somewhat lighter fringe. $ 28 mm.
East Africa. Type in the Tring Museum.

M. distirs eta Be Cerf. (78 i). Flesh-coloured reddish. A dark band from the cell-end to the inner margin,
in the middle connected with the broad marginal band in which there is a light partition-line. The whole
marking is edged with black. Hindwing light brownish. $ 29 mm. East Africa.

M. bifasciata n. sp. (78 g). Thorax and forewing orange red. An interior and exterior broad band
formed by black notched distinct lines with a slightly grey interior area. Exterior line above vein 2 with an
inward projection. Before the margin a faded dark line. Abdomen and hindwing light reddish-brown. d 32 mm.
Niger District. Type in the Tring Museum.

M. stivafer Holl. (78 g). Thorax rusty brown, abdomen yellowish-brown. Forewing golden yellow, at
the margin violettish grey, with an indistinct brown marking. A curved interior line, at the cell-end an 8-
shaped marking, dark. Submarginal line incurved behind the cell, then vertical to the inner angle, inside
broadly edged with violettish grey and connected with a spot at the cell-end. A distinct white line at the base
of vein 1, from there to vein 2 and then along the distal margin. At the inner margin beloAV it darker. Hindwing
ochreous. d 30 mm. Sierra Leone, Spanish Guinea, Congo.

M. nubifera B.-Bak. Forewing grey, especially dark below the cell. Exterior band broad and dark
grey from the costal margin to vein 2 and above the latter inward to its base. Costal and distal margins
dusted dark, only the veins paler. In the cell a dark rhomboid spot. Hindwing greyish-brown. d 32 mm.
East Africa.

M. inconspicua n. sp. (78 g). Thorax dark brown. Forewing greyish-brown. At the cross-vein traces
of a dark streak. Ihe light exterior line slightly concave behind the cell, inside edged with dark, somewhat
dentate. Hindwing lighter. d 28 — 32 mm. Angola. Type in the Tring Museum.

M. erecta n. sp. (78 g). Thorax and forewing reddish brown. In the cell 2 dark streaks, at the cell-
end a ring. The inner margin as far as the cell and vein 2 brightened, above it somewhat darker. Submarginal
line dark, slightly concave behind the cell. Margin with fine black dots. Hindwing like the inner margin,
on the forewing. In a somewhat red specimen there are traces of 2 dark streaks above the centre of the inner
margin, d 28 mm. East Africa, Angola. Type in the Berlin Museum.

M. vau-alba Hmps. Body and forewing rusty brown and brown. At the cross-vein a large oblique
brown-edged luna, confluent with a Y-shaped marking at the median vein and vein 2. Before the margin 2
indistinct dark lines close together, concave behind the cell. At the margin red-brown triangles at the veins.
Hindwing of the same ground-colour, d 28 mm. Central Africa.

M. dialeuca Hmps. Body and forewing pale red-brown, vein 2 faded white. Through the cell-end 2
oblique dark streaks and from the submedian fold 2 divergent streaks to the centre of the inner margin. The
oblique brown submarginal line is faded. ^ 24 mm. East Africa, Natal.

M. plagifera n. sp. (78 h). Body and forewing orange, in the basal area browner, with indistinct lines.
The fine exterior line is blackish, almost straight, slightly inbent behind the cell. Behind it in the centre of the
marginal spot indistinct dark spots between the veins and smaller marginal dots at the ends of the veins.
Hindwing whitish yellow, d 22 mm. East Africa. Type in the Berlin Museum. In the type veins 7+8 + 9
of forewing stalked, but the scheme of markings exactly that of Metarbela.

M. cremorna Hmps. Body and forewing yellowish white with brown patches. Costal margin rusty
brown, behind the centre as far as vein 3 the same. Exterior line fine black, wavy, behind the cell and at vein 2
incurved and very indistinct there, forming 2 streaks at the inner margin. Before the distal margin a line of
dark scales, marginal dots black. Hindwing slightly reddish, d 30 mm. Gold Coast.

M. rufa sp. n. Thorax dark rusty brown, abdomen lighter. Forewing dark red-brown, at the median
vein and vein 2 whitish. A dark ring with its apex at the centre of the cell, followed towards the inner margin

METARBELA. By M. Gaede.

509

by 2 divergent lines. The enclosed space somewhat greyer. At the cross-vein a dark streak. The notched
submarginal line is concave behind the cell, inside finely edged with whitish. Hindwing brown. $ 30 to
32 mm. Cameroon.

M. rava Karsch. Greyish-brown. On the forewing a faded dark brown exterior line, somewhat dentate, raw.
connected with a large spot behind the cell-end. Besides traces of an oblique dentate median line. Apex more
acuminate than in other species. Hindwing somewhat more reddish. 28 mm. Cameroon. reticulosana Strd. ret'uulo-
(78 g). The name may remain for a somewhat more distinctly marked form. At the costal margin of the
forewing distinct dark dots, 2 streaks in the cell and the two lines more distinct than in the damaged rava. The
postcellular spot is smaller. $ 28 mm. Spanish Guinea, bueana Strd. is only a badly preserved rava.

M. fumida Karsch (78 g). Smaller and darker than rava. Marking in the very good specimen indistinct, fumida.

At the cross-vein only a streak. Exterior line not different. Apex also pointed. Margin somewhat greyer, with
black dots. Hindwing blackish-brown. 20 22 mm. Togo, Cameroon.

M. funebris n. sp. (78 g). Fore wing dark reddish brown, without markings, apex pointed. Abdomen funebris.
and hindwing somewhat more blackish-brown. £ 22 mm. Niger District. Type in the Tring Museum.

The following species with a variable scheme of markings differ much more from the preceding ones.

M. pygatula Strd. (78 h). Greyish-brown, at the thorax darker, with a dark brown marking. A broad pygatula.
radial stripe from the base of the costal margin to below the centre of the distal margin. Median band notched,
exterior band very dentate, above vein 5 far inward, otherwise from the apex to % of the inner margin.

Hindwing reddish-brown. The type is very small, in the hindwing veins 6 + 7 on a short stalk (according
to Strand not stalked). 20 — 28 mm. Cameroon, Spanish Guinea.

M. cinereolimbata Le Cerf. Forewing reddish brown, black dots at the costal margin and vein 2. From cinereolim-
the apex to the basal third a dark brown dentate shadow. Inner and distal margins somewhat grey. Marginal
dots black. Abdomen and hindwing paler. $ 26 mm. East Africa. It may be the eastern form of pygatula.

M. aliuaudi Le Cerf. Forewing slate-coloured, at the base of the inner margin black, the rest of the wing dlluaudi.
except the basal area densely strewn with light dots. Hindwing pale grey with greyish-brown dots. Both wings
thereby reticulately marked. $ 33 mm. East Africa.

M. perstriata Limps. (78 h). Yellowish brown, thorax somewhat darker. Forewing reticulately covered perstriata.
with numerous dark red-brown streaks. Heavier streaks at the middle and end of the cell. Hindwing without
markings. ^ 20 mm. East Africa.

The following species differ in their small size and more delicate body.

M. micra Karsch (78 h). Forewing brown. At the costal margin and in the discal area as far as the micra.
inner margin yellow and a few white circles edged with black. Below the apex a dark radial streak. Abdomen
and hindwing somewhat lighter brown, d 18 mm. Togo.

M. triguttafa Aur. (78 h). Forewing brown. Exterior line similar as in erecta, not dentate. Below the triguttata.
base of vein 2 three small white spots (in a $ on the left side 4). Abdomen and hindwing lighter greyish-brown.

17 — 21 mm. Cameroon. Lado, Bar el Ghazal. In this species vein 8 of hindwing anastomoses with the anterior
edge of the cell.

M. trisignata n. sp. (78 h). Body and forewing quite similar to triguttata, but the white maculae at trisignata.
vein 2 removed as far to the margin as in quadriguttata. They consist of a fine streak near the distal margin,
then follows a fine dot and a shorter thick streak inward. Hindwing hardly lighter than forewing. <+ 18 mm.

South West Africa. Type in the Berlin Museum.

The three following species, by their white marking, form the transition to the genus Arbelodes.

M. albitorquata Hmps. Body golden brown with white scales. Forewing brass-coloured, dusted with albitor-
red-brown. At the costal margin a row of blackish-brown and white dots. One white spot each at the base
of the costal margin and in the submedian fold. At the inner margin the base is white-edged, at its centre there
is a triangular spot. Costal margin from before the middle to the apex white, below it narrower white, then
forming a bilobate spot and forked near the inner angle. Hindwing white, behind the cell golden brown, towards
the anal angle only narrowly so. d 28 mm. Transvaal.

M. flavicolor Jcinse. Thorax und forewing umber brown. Hinclwing and abdomen dark chromatic flavicolor.
yellow. Forewing at the costal margin dark brown. A fine dark transverse line beginning at the cross- vein,
semicircularly excurved, then straight to the inner margin, behind it as far as the margin glossy dark brown.

A triangular white spot at the base in the submedian fold, before and behind it small nut-brown spots. A pear-
shaped hazel sjjot in the centre of the wing below vein 2. Hindwing at the margin all round dark brown.

C 34 mm. Natal.

M. costistrigata Hmps. Body and forewing greyish white, suffused with blackish-brown, at the distal costistri-
margin almost blackish. At the costal margin, and at the base of the submedian fold black streaks. Around

510

ARBELODES. By M. Gaede.

diodonta.

leucostigma.

sticticosta.

iridescens.

tucker i.

meridialis.

collaris.

heringi.

griseata.

the cross-vein an incomplete black V. Below the lower cell-angle a horseshoe-shaped dark spot, outside white-
edged. Exterior line black, as far as vein 6 oblique, then straight to vein 2. Before the margin white streaks
between the veins and dark marginal dots. Fringe speckled. Hindwing lighter. $ 26 mm. Transvaal.

M. diodonta Hmps. (78 h). Body greyish-brown. Forewing brownish white, at the costal margin with
blackish-brown dots. Interior line traceable. In the middle of the inner margin an irregular dark spot. At
the two angles of the cell dark lines. Exterior line strongly dentate, band-shaped. Hindwing brownish- white.
The 9 on both wings browner. 20 — 24 mm. East Africa.

M. leucostigma Hmps. Body blackish-brown. Forewing brownish white, suffused with blackish-brown.
Recognizable by a large elliptical white spot below the cell from near the base to vein 2, below black-edged.
An oblique faded finely dentate black line from the apex to above the centre of the inner margin. Before and
on the margin a series of black dots. Hindwing greyish-brown. Fringes of both wings speckled. $ 36 mm.
Basutoland.

M. sticticosta Hvvps. Body and forewing greyish-brown. Costal margin intensely spotted black. At
the base a black narrow loop. Exterior line oblique, below vein 5 somewhat excurved and outside faded, at
the inner margin on both sides with white scales. Before it at the inner margin a brown, white-edged spot.
Before and at the margin small dark spots. Hindwing greyish-brown. £ 34 mm. Natal.

M. iridescens Janse differs from sticticosta in the longer stalk of veins 8 + 9 in the forewing, vein 8
of hindwing not being connected with the cell by a bar. Thorax silvery white. Abdomen and both wings
cinnamon brown. Costal margin of forewing spotted. In the centre of the cell some black dusting, behind it
white scales. Above the centre of the inner margin an irregular spot, anteriorly rounded, black-edged, at the
base broader. Exterior line black, from the costal margin inward, as far as vein 5 broad, then narrower,
before it white scales. Marginal area white-scaled, at the ends of the veins large dark spots. Hindwing with
a dark hue. J 38 mm. Ti’ansvaal.

M. tuckeri Btlr. looks exactly like a Psychicla and was also described so, besides conspicuous for the
large spur of the anterior tibia and the stunted palpi. $ dark brown. Forewing with a bilobate black spot
at the centre of the inner margin. Hindwing at the apex copper-brown. 9 somewhat less dark. 10 lin. Natal.
Larva on Cryptocarya woodii and Oestrum aurantiacum.

12. Genus: A rbclodes Karsch (non Hmps.)

Fore wing with a straight costal margin, inner margin S-shaped. Veins 7 + 8 + 9 from the apex of
the accessory cell, 10 from its anterior edge. In the hindwing vein 8 anastomoses with the centre of the cell,
6 + 7 are stalked. Antennae of $ with very long pectinations (longer than in arcifera), in the 9 short-combed.
Type : meridialis Karsch.

A. meridialis Karsch. (78 h). Greyish-brown. Forewing at the costal margin with black dots from which
indistinct dark transverse lines extend. At the inner margin behind the centre a dark brown erect spot almost
to vein 2, behind it a white spot to vein 2, before it only some white scales. At the ends of the veins dark
brown dots, the margin before it narrowly greyer. Hindwing greyish-brown, without markings. In the 9 a
dark nebulous band from the costal margin near the apex to the white spot at the inner margin. 25 — 30 mm.
Cape Colony, Natal.

A. collaris Aur. (78 h). Thorax and forewing blackish brown. Tegulae and patagia partly white.
Forewing at the costal margin with a row of black dots as far as the exterior line. Basal area black, strongly
excurved, white-edged. At the centre of the inner margin black, behind it white, in the cell a triangular black
spot. Behind it as far as the exterior line light. The latter black, almost rectilinear, somewhat undulating,
inside white-edged. Margin grey. Hindwing blackish-brown. 28 mm. Transvaal.

A. heringi Janse. Thorax olive brown, tegulae and patagia white-edged, mixed with white scales.
Fore wing olive brown. Costal margin broad white, with dark dots, especially in the apical portion, in the centre
projecting a little proximad. Veins behind the cell partly white. Distal half of median vein and vein 2 below
broadly silvery white, despatching a branch to vein 1, so that a T-shaped marking is produced, which may
be somewhat interrupted. The interior third of the distal area behind the cell darker, often dentately defined.
At the margin fine black dots, before them white partly confluent dots, before them a few larger black ones.
Hindwing greyish-brown. $ 25 — 26 mm. South-West Africa. Type in the Berlin Museum.

A. griseata Janse. Similar to meridialis . Body and wings pale greyish-brown. Forewing at the costal
margin dark brown. Exterior line faded, irregular, behind it light-edged spots between the veins. Below the
cell near the base black dusting forming a V. Similarly in the cell-end and at vein 2 a V, in one specimen the
black dusting is continued to vein 7. An oblique white line from the median vein to the anal angle. <§ 27 mm.
Transvaal.

TERAGRA. By M. Gaede.

13. Genus: Teragra Wkr.

511

Forewing with an oblique distal margin. Vein 6 from the upper cell-angle, 7 + 8, 9 and 10 from the
apex of the accessory cell. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 from the same place or separated. Vein 8 as far
as to the centre of the cell beside it. Type: conspersa Wkr.

I. Antennae of $ very long combed. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 almost

from the s a m e place.

T. ochreicosta n. sp. (78 i). Thorax reddish brown. Forewing at the base and costal margin ochreous ochreicosta.
with dark streaks. % From hardly to more than % of the inner margin a red-brown band to the apex. The
margin itself is also narrowly red-brown with yellowish-wrhite marginal streaks. Type in the submedian fold
below the base of vein 2 somewhat white. In the cotype which was chosen for the figure a streak upwards
and feeble scales downwards at vein 2. Abdomen and hindwing brown, somewhat spotted. 26 — 28 mm.

Senegal, Togo, Niger District. Type in the Berlin Museum, cotype in the Tring Museum.

T. basiplaga n. sp. (78 i). Similarly coloured as ochreicosta. In the cell of the forewing a short thick basiplaga.
red-brown streak, its continuation sharply inward to the inner margin near the base, above it in the cell a
lighter streak. Behind it between vein 1 and the submedian fold also lighter. From the costal margin near the
apex to the inner margin an inwardly sharply defined line somewhat more oblique than the distal margin,
behind it darker brown. Abdomen and hindwing reddish brown. 28 mm. Gold Coast. fuscoradiata /. n.

Only the costal margin broadly lighter ochreous brown, at the distal margin brown stripes between the lighter
veins. This faded form is more common. Gold Coast. Both the types in the Tring Museum.

T. simillima Hmps. Similar to Met. obliqualinea. Body rusty brown. Forewing yellow and rusty simillima.
brown, especially at the costal margin and in the cell. Interior line fine, double, dark, undulate. Before it a
black dot under the cell. Behind and below the lower cell-angle dark brown. Vein 2 whitish. The exterior line
is fine blackish, proceeding from the apex, excurved at vein 5 and incurved above vein 1. Margin somewhat
blackish brown with black marginal lunae. Hindwing yellowish white. $ 22— 24 mm. East Africa.

T. Simplicius Le Gerf. Forewing dull greyish yellow, only at the base more densely dusted with brown. Simplicius.
elsewhere less so . Traces of an exterior line being incurved behind the cell. At the margin a distinct undulate
dark line. Hindwing paler, without markings. $ 21 mm. East Africa. insignifica /. n. (78 i). Thorax and insignifica.
forewing dark red-brown. Exterior line hardly recognizable, the undulate marginal line distinct though without
points at the veins as is the case in simplicius. Abdomen and hindwing little lighter. $ 30 mm. Togo. — clarior.
clarior /. n. (78 i). Pale red-brown. Traces visible of an exterior line being strongly inbent behind the cell.

Marginal line absent. $ 28 mm. Adamaua. Both the types in the Berlin Museum.

fuscora¬

diata.

cia.

II. Antennae of <$ short-combed. Veins 6 and 7 of hindwing from the same

place.

T. umbrifera Hmps. Body and forewing greyish red-brown. An interior and a double median line umbrifera.
brown, oblique, undulate. The latter filled with red-brown. Exterior line angled below the costal margin, then
almost straight, whitish. Behind it a triangular red-brovm spot as far as vein 2. Before the margin black lunae.

Hindwing greyish-brown. 42 mm. Sierra Leone.

T. angulifascia n. sp. (78 i). Dark greyish-brown, thorax particularly dark. The black interior line is angulifas-
vertical, somewhat notched, connected with a black ring below vein 2. At the inner margin black bows. At
the costal margin near the apex black spots. Exterior line sharply angled at vein 5. Before and behind it at
vein 2 fine white dots, outside on its whole length broad black stripes. Before the margin dark rings. Abdomen
and hindwing lighter, greyish- brown, q 24 mm. Sierra Leone. Type in the Tring Museum.

T. quadrangula n. sp. (78 i). Violettish-brown. On the forewing a light interior line, at the median vein quadran-
sharply angled outward, inside dark-edged. At the end of the cell a rectangular dark red-brown, light-edged
spot. Close behind it a fine white median line, projecting inward at vein 2. The space between the twro lines
somewhat greyer. Exterior line white, somewhat outwardly angled at vein 5. Abdomen and hindwing equally
coloured. $ 24 mm. East Africa. Type in the Tring Museum.

T. tristicha Hmps. Body and forewing light rusty red. By the 4 white dots below vein 2 similar to tristicha.
M. cymaphora. At the costal margin black dots. In the lower cell-end a rusty red black-edged stripe, as far as
the likewise black-edged discal spot. An interior and a median undulate black line from the centre of the wing
to the inner margin. A similar line before the margin.

T. trimaculata sp. n. (78 i). Thorax and forewing olive brown. Costal margin light with a few dark trimaculata
spots. Marking darker olive brown. A basal band obliquely inward, composed of 4 spots, the two middle ones
being larger. An almost semicircular spot at the upper cell-angle and a somewhat triangular spot below the
end of vein 2. The latter spot inside white-edged, at vein 2 with 4 and at the inner margin with 3 white spots.

gala.

512

Alphabetical List of the African Metarbelidae.

althodes.

gultifera.

conspersa -

vogi i .

irvingi.

Behind the dark exterior line which is slightly inbent above vein 5 there is a light brown margin. Abdomen
and hindwing coloured like this margin. $ 24 mm. Type in the Tring Museum.

T. althodes Hmps. is rather differently marked. Thorax reddish-yellow, abdomen and forewing
yellowish white. Below and behind the cell numerous rusty red lines. Costal margin and cell with small rusty
red and chocolate spots. Besides 3 stronger streaks below the cell and a spot at the cross-vein. Hindwing
lustrous yellowish white, at the margin striated red-brown. $ 36 mm. Transvaal.

III. Antennae of short - combed. In the hindwing veins G and 7 d i s t a n t ly

separated.

T. guttifera Hmps. Dark greyish-brown. Forewing at the costal margin greyish-yellow, with numerous
round yellowish white spots, edged with dark brown, only at the costal margin and in the cell absent. Hindwing
the same, the number of spots variable. In the only $ present the costal margin of the forewing is strongly
inbent. 28 — 52 mm. Natal, Transvaal.

T. conspersa Wkr. Greyish-brown. Thorax in front brown. Forewing everywhere and hindwing at
the costal margin with numerous black transverse streaks. Both wings with a brown marginal line. $ 30 mm.
Port Natal.

T. vogti B.-Bak. Pale grey. Forewing with a dark brown basal area, extending below the cell as far
as the centre of the inner margin and almost to the costal margin. A broad faded dark brown exterior band, very
little oblique. The whole wing looks somewhat spotted. Hindwing with a darker brown hue. $ 35 mm. Dunbrody.

T. irvingi Janse, Body and wings wood-brown. Forewing in the centre of the costal-margin as far
as vein 1 b suffused with cinnamon brown. On both wings fine sepia brown reticulate lines. Hindwing at the
inner margin cinnamon brown. Fringes of both wings speckled wood-brown and sepia brown. Separated from
the similar conspersa by but 1 pair of spurs on the hind tibiae and a greater distance of veins 7 + 8 and 9 in
the forewing. <J> 29 mm. Transvaal.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the African Metarbelidae.

* signifies that the form is also figured at the place quoted.

alMcilia Sal. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 264.
albitorquata Met. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 125.
albivenata Orth. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 122.
albonotata Sal. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1898, p. 438.
alluaudi Met. Le Cerf. Bull. S. Ent. Fr. 83, p. 400.
althodes Ter. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 267.
angulifascia Ter. Gaede , Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 511. *
arcifera Met. Hmps. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 19, p. 133. *
argentifera Aeth. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 503. *
atridiscata Sal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 120.

basiplaga Ter. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 511. *
bassa Leb. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 2, p. 263.
bifasciata Met. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 508. *
bipuncta Met. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 265.
bisinuata Orth. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 264.
bivittata Mar. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1901, p. 126.

carnescens Par. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 119.
castanea L. Janse S. Afr. J. Nat. Hist. 5, p. 97.
castanea Orth. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 506. *
cinereolimbata Met. Le Cerf. Bull. S. Eirt. Fr. 83, p. 399.
clarior Ter. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 511. *
eollaris Arb. Aur. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 18, p. 243.
conspersa Ter. Wkr. List Lep. ITet. Br. Mus. 5, p. 1064.
cossula Leb. Holt. Psyche 6, p. 534.
costistrigata Met. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 266.
cremorna Met. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 265.
cuprea Sal. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 505. *
cymaphora Met. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 124.

denigrata Sal. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 505.
diagonalis Orth. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 122.
dialeuca Met. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 124.
diodonta Met. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1916, p. 164. *
dlscata Sal. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 504. *
distincta Met. Le Cerf. Voy. Rothscli. Afr. or., p. 461. *

endomela Leb. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 3, p. 425.

eustrigata Sal. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 164
erecta Met. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 508. *

flavicolor Met. Janse S. Afr. J. Nat. Hist. 5, p. 76.
fi'aterna Leb. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 503. *

Eumealis Leb. Janse S. Afr. J. Nat. Hist. 5, p. 95.
fumida Met. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 140.
fanebris Met. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 509. *
fuscata Sal. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 505 *
fuscoradiata Ter. Gaede Seilz Macrolep. 14, p. 511.

griseata Arb. Janse S. Afr. J. Nat. Hist. 5, p. 78.

guttata Orth. Aur. Ivil.-Meru Exp., p. 50. *

guttifera Ter. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 127.

heringi Arb. Janse Deutsche Ent. Z. 1929, Heft 3 (ined.)

inconspieua Met. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 508. *
insignifici Ter. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 511. *
inversa Sal. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 505. *
iridescens Met. Janse S. Afr. J. Nat. Hist. 5, p. 82.
irrorata Sal. Le Cerf. Bull. S. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 401.
irvingi Ter. Janse, S. Afr. J. Nat. Hist. 5, p. 71.

jansei Mar. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 506. *
jeanneli Sal. L,e Cerf. Bull. S. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 400.

laguna Met. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 265.
latifasciata Met. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, P- 508. *
leucostigma Met. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 125.

meridialis Arb. Karsch. Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 141.
micra Met. Karsch. Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 141.
minima Orth. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 264.
mirabilis Sal. Le Cerf. Bull. Mus. Paris 1919, p. 31.
multipunctata Sten. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 263.

naevius Leb. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1916, p. 732. *
narses Sal. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1916, p. 732. *
natalica Leb. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 118.

Pull. 19. VIJT. 1929.

Alphabetical List of the African Metarbelidae.

513

nigeriae Leb. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 16, p. 199.
nigropunctata Sal. Le Cerf Bull. Mus. Paris 1919, p. 29.
nubifera Met. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 3, p. 425.

obliqualinea Met. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 3, p. 425.
obliquifascia Orth. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 122.
obsolescens Sal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p.-d'Otr— *-
oehracea Met. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 508. *
ochreicosta Ter. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 511. *
onusta Met. Karscli Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 141.

pagana Met. Sird. Iris 1909, p. 118.
pallescens Met. Le Cerf Bull. S. Ent. Fr. 83, p. 399.
perstriata Met. Hmp. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 165. *
plagifera Met. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 508. *
pygatula Met. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (12), p. 34.

quadrangula Ter. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 511. *
quadriguttata Met. Aur. II Centr. Afr. Exped. 1 (18), p. 1348. *

rava Met. Karscli Ent- Nachr. 22, p. 140.
reticulata Leb. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 502. *
reticulosana Met. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (12), p. 23.
rufa Met. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 508. *
rufithorax Leb. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 118.
rufula Orth. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 122.

schaeferi Leb. Griinb. Entom. Rundsch. 28, p. 134.
schultzei Par. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 2 (12), p. 41. *
semicirculata Aeth. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 504. *

semifasciata Orth. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 506. *
simillima Ter. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 127.
Simplicius Met. Le Cerf Voy. Rothsch. Afr. or., p. 461. *
spiculata Sal. Karscli Ent. Nachr. 21, p. 374. *
sticticosta Met. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 126.
stiyafer Met. Holt. Psyche 6, p. 535.
stumpffi Salni. Saalm. Lep. Madag., p. 210.

tegula Lep. Dist. Ann. M.ag Nat. Ilist. (6) 20, p. 209.
tessellata Sal. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 210.
tetrasticta Orth. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 121.
togoica Leb. Karsch Ent. Nachr. 22, p. 137.
transversa Sal. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 32, p. 59.
triangularis Met. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 508. *
triguttata Met. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 2 (4), p. 41. *
trimaculata Ter. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 511. *
trisignata Met. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 509. *
tristicha Ter. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 267.
tuckeri Met. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 16, p. 400.

umbrifera Ter. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 126.
umtaliana Met. Aur. Ent. Tidskr. 1901, p. 127.

vau-alba Met. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 266.
velutina Leb. Le Cerf Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 400.
violascens Leb. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 502. *
violetta Sal. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 505. *

wichgrafi Leb. Griinb. Deutsche Ent. Ztschr. 1910, p. 289.

XIV

05

AEGERIIDAE. Introduction by Dr. A. Seitz.

515

22. Family: Aegeriidae (Sesiidae).

The Aegeriidae are a group of lepidoptera the exterior of which is most distinctly accomodated to a
certain principle. They are lepidoptera transformed according to the general physical law for insects without
an interior protection by copying well protected insects and have thereby lost all their lepidopteral resemblance.
Even the chief characteristic feature of the lepidoptera, the scales of the wings, are often missing here nearly
altogether. Traces of these scales, which are found on the emerging imago, but which are shaken off at the
first trial of flight, give evidence of their original presence, and in fact there are yet single species which, owing
to certain circumstances, have preserved their scaled exterior. Among the almost entirely diurnal Aegeriidae
there also occur a few species with nocturnal habits, and although this nocturnal habit is undoubtedly a
secondarily acquired exception (for instance in the genus Weismannia), we notice that the wasp-like exterior
already begins to disappear in these noctural lepidoptera; the mostly distinct Hymenoptera-like mark of the
wings is obscured in the same way as the Hymenoptera-like hyaline patches in the Weismann ia- wings are
covered again with a slight veil of scales, being the result of the transition of the insect to its nocturnal life
in which mimicry is of no use. On looking at the plate 51 of Vol. II we at once see how very much the shadow¬
like coloured Weismannia agdistiformis contrasts with the other figures of the plate, all of which represent
heliophile insects.

Another reason why the original scaled exterior was preserved is that in the range of the Ethiopian
Aegeriidae wasps or bees do not always represent the best protected insects and, thereby, the fittest models.
The great predominance of yellow and black wasps with hyaline wings only occurs in the palaearctic and perhaps
yet the nearctic regions. Already in North Africa the wasps with yellow abdominal rings and hyaline wings
are considerably inferior to differently coloured Hymenoptera, and taking into account that the Aegeriidae
number among the most adaptable insects we must not expect them to be transformed according to models
of an inferior protection. The more the Ethiopian Aculeatae with dark or variegated wings predominate over
the yellow-marked wasps (predominating with us), the more the Aegeriidae of these districts lack the yellow
abdominal belts and the hyaline areas in the forewings. The Ethiopian Aegeriidae chiefly exhibit dark blue
forewings in accordance with most of the African Pompilidae, many Sphegidae, also species of bees; Macro-
tarsipodes liangi (77 a), Megalosphecia gigantipes (77 e), and many Melittia ( occidental^ , abyssinensis, 77 g,
heckmannia 77 h), Cryptomima hampsoni 77 h, Paranthrene anthrax 77 h, Conopsia terminiphora show on the
forewings the blue colour characterizing the wasps of their patriae. But not only the shape and colour of the
wings have been copied from the Aculeatae, but also other organs are used for deception, particularly the
hindlegs. The imitation of the “collecting-trousers” (exhibited by the bees bearing the pollen of flowers) by
the Aegeriidae cannot be explained by any reason other than mimicry. In capturing Melittia bombyliformis
(Vol. II, pi. 51 a) on blossoms in Shanghai I ascertained that these organs, i. e. the hind tibiae being provided
with a thick brush, distinctly hinder the imago in drinking from blossoms with deep calyces. The insect forcing
itself into the blossom in search of honey must stretch these hind tibiae posteriorly upwards and must keep
the wings quiet so long, whereas in drinking from flowers without calyces it buzzes on like a Haemorrhagia.
In such cases only the bee-like coloured abdomen of the Melittia and the trousers projecting from the calyx
are to be seen; unless being closely examined (which is quite impossible with the instinctively acting enemies
of lepidoptera) this deception will remain unnoticed both by animal and man.

516

AEGERIIDAE. Introduction by Dr. A. Seitz.

These fictitious trousers of the Melittia are not only of about the same shape as those of bees, but also
their colouring is unmistakably copied; in quite a number of cases we even find the collected pollen imitated
by a fictitious golden yellow layer on the outside of the brush of the hind tibiae (Mel. auriplumia, 77 f, and
victrix, 77 g). In order to complete the masking they also exhibit a stout body, a bee-like thickened abdomen,
contrary to the Aegeriidae copying the Ichneumonidae or Sphegidae (e. g. the Synanthedon).

The chief thing of this protective mimicry being only the outward appearance and not the strict
accuracy of the copy, the most conspicuous formations of the models have mainly been copied. Whilst the
bees exhibit the collective trousers being packed with pollen, the Sphegidae most remarkably show prolonged
hind tibiae and femora signifying organs for carrying captured animals. Thus we see the hindlegs of the blue
copyists of Sphegidae or Pompilidae monstrously prolonged ( Megalos , gigantipes, 77 e) though not brush-like
expanded, but by the appressed dense fur and thickened calibre they copy the strong musculous prehensile
organs of their models. The Aegeriidae of the Ethiopian region behave exactly like the neotropical Syntomidae
of the genus Macrocneme which likewise copy the wasps of the genus Pepsis not only in shape and colouring
of the wings, but which also most strikingly let their prolonged and steel-blue haired hind tibiae hang down
when on the wing, just like the Pompilidae do with their prolonged legs. — The Cameroon Aegeriid Crypto-
mima harnpsoni (77 h) exhibits, as another mark of resemblance to Aculeates, a fictitious sting of 2 cm length.

The distribution of the Aegeriidae is quite universal, and it is to be considered a fact that the part
they are playing in the household of Nature is generally depreciated on account of their discovery being so
difficult. The great frequency of their larvae even with species, such as the Bembecia, whose imagines are
hardly ever discovered in free nature even by expert collectors, gives us an idea of the great seclusion in which
these insects live. It is only when collecting Hymenoptera with eagerness and experienced knowledge that
we recognize in what numbers at least some species occur. In North Africa I succeeded in capturing, in one
forenoon, more than 20 specimens of 5 species, and in the Itatiaya Mts. I was able to capture Aegeriidae almost
every day and once I fetched, with one blow of the net, 4 specimens from the blossoms. Otherwise, however,
the Aegeriidae are all, except very few species, very rarely met with. Moreover, it must be considered that the
time for observing other diurnal lepidoptera begins with their swarming time, whereas here with the Aegeriidae
it usually stops with the breaking of the flying hour, because they then submerge amidst the confusing multitude
of their models. This behaviour of the tropical Aegeriidae is quite similar to that of the palaearctic Aegeria\
if one omits collecting them on the trunks where they emerge early in the morning before they fly away, it is
difficult to capture any number worth mentioning.

Nearly all the Aegeriidae love flowers and are not dainty in the kind of their food. They also like to
go to baits, and in wasp-traps which are set for destroying the wasps we almost regularly find drowned
Aegeriidae in the flying time. Apparently relying on their Aculeata exterior they mostly remain on the blossom
from which they suckle the honey, and it is then very easy to approach them. The Synanthedon can mostly
be taken from the blossoms with the glass or the hand ; only when they rest shortly on leaves, or in swarming
itself they fly off in a very dexterous way and are difficult to pursue, and once being scared away they generally
do not return. The flight of the lighter species is swift and restless, usually very much influenced by the habits
of the model. The Aegeria resembling the yellow plait- wasps fly straight on and somewhat clumsily, like stout
V espa-Q. The Synanthedon recalling Ichneumonides use to make quick oscillating movements before settling
down, in the same way as we see it done by the ichneumons which they resemble. The Melittia exhibit a
searching swarming flight like that of bees collecting honey. The Aegeriidae seem not to fly continuously, for
when they are wandering on mountain-slopes, meadows, or along hedges, they make a halt for a while on leaves
and stalks after short flights.

Like many smaller though fugitive lepidoptera the Aegeriidae are likewise very generally and uniformly
distributed over the globe. They are to be found in all the faunae; nowhere in crowds, often even very rarely,
but nowhere absent — excepting the cold zones. So far it might appear that the tropics are less abundant in
species than the temperate zones, just like in the other lepidopteral families; but the reason for this is un¬
doubtedly the fact that the temperate zones have been well searched, whilst the tropics will probably produce
yet a considerably large number of hitherto undiscovered species. It is just from the Ethiopian region where
the vast dry and sunny steppes are particularly favourable for the development of great numbers of Aegeriidae
that we may expect yet especially many new forms.

Of the almost 1000 forms hitherto known one fifth occur in the Ethiopian, one fifth in the Indo- Australian,
two fifths in the American, and the rest in the palaearctic region.

AEGERIIDAE. GR YPOPALPIA ; GRINIPUS. By M. Gaedk.

517

This universal and, to a certain degree, uniform distribution corresponds very well to the assumption
that the Aegeriidae are descendants from an old root. They are generally considered to have proceeded from
a Tineid branch, without many other intermediate stages than the Pyralidae, to their present stage. Out of the
primitive, mostly nocturnal, hidden-living Tineida, which have hardly deviated from the Lepidoptera laciniata
— the “ Protolepidoptera” — and have developed from the Micropterygidae, the mimetically adapted, heliophile
blossom-loving animals of the Aegeriidae have grown. Some suppose a close affinity of the Aegeriidae with the
Y ponomeutoidea (Forbes), whereas Packard derives them directly from the Thyrididae which Forbes ranges
with the Pyralidoidea, next to the Pyralidae and separates by the Tortricoidea (including the Cossus ) from the
Y ponomeutoidea. At any rate all agree that they have not yet quite abandoned the image of the ‘Alicrolepi-
doptera“, for which raeson their mimetic adaptation to Aculeatae, which by no means belong to the very old
insects, is of great interest. There is probably little cause to infer from the larval life in the wood their close
affinity to the Cossidae. Above all the neuration of the Aegeriidae does not prove any analogies by relations,
since the mimetic adaptation to the narrow hymenopteral forewing has caused a peculiar, rather violent
transformation, i. e. the inner margin of the forewing and the costa of the hindwing are inverted, so that both
wings are fastened together; otherwise the hindwing would too easily glide over the somewhat concave inner
margin of the forewing, which dislocation would mostly disable the insect to fly. Thus the space necessax-y
for a strong submedian vein is abolished, so that the latter lias disappeared altogether or is obliterated to
hardly perceivable traces, whereas in the Pyralidae — even the Crambinae with their extremely narrow wings
- it is still strongly developed. Only with the plume-moths in which a similarly violent transformation has
taken place — though for other reasons — the submedian vein is pressed down from the surface of the forewing
to the inner margin.

We know as much as nothing about the larvae of the Ethiopian Aegeriidae. But the larval life and
exterior is so very conformable in the different genera of the palaearctic species, that it will be probably the
same also with the Ethiopian forms being in many ways allied with the palaearctic ones; we therefore refer
the reader to what has been said about them in Vol. II, p. 375 — 414.

Family Aegeriidae.

The proboscis may be normal or absent. Palpi almost invariably upturned beyond the frons. Antennae
in the middle or mostly towards the end slightly thickened, ciliated, or dentate, often also only filiform, almost
invariably with a hair-pencil at the end. Middle and hind tibiae often scaled or long-haired to different degrees.
Abdomen cylindrical or conical, mostly provided with an anal tuft. Forewing always rather narrow, costal
margin before the apex sometimes more bent. Veins 7 + 8 almost invariably stalked. In the broader hindwing
a third inner-marginal vein ( 1 a) rarely present, mostly only 1 b and 1 c. Vein 4 or 7 often absent. In enumerating
the genera we conform with the pedigree mentioned by Hampson in Nov. Zool. 26.

1. Genus: Grypopiilpia Hmps.

Proboscis present. Second palpal joint with a long pencil. Antennae of $ plain, at the ends broad.

Hind tibiae and first tarsal joint strongly haired. In the forewing vein 8 is absent, in the hindwing vein 4.

Veins 3 and 5 rise from the lower cell-angle, 6 below the upper angle, 8 hidden in the marginal fold.

G. iridescens Pimps. Thorax black, glossy. Abdomen red, at the base and some segmental margins iridescens.
black. Hindlegs red except at the base of the tibiae and on the first tarsal joint. Abdomen beneath orange-red
excepting the base. Forewing black with a blue-green gloss. Hindwing only at the margin so, in the interspaces
hyaline. Fringes of both wings black. $ 20 mm. Natal.

2. Genus: Crlnipus Hmps.

Palpi erect, 2nd joint moderately hairy. Proboscis present. Antennae of with fine ciliary tufts.

Middle and hind tibiae in the centre and at the end with liair-tufts, the hind tarsi only on the 1st joint. In
the forewing veins 2 and 3 from the cell-angle, 7 + 8 stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 and 5 from the cell-
angle, or on a short stalk, 6 separated from 7.

518

LEPIDOPODA; EPISANNINA; TIPULAMIMA. By M. Gaede.

Icucozoni-

pus.

pictipes.

sylphina.

chalybea.

perlucida

albifrons.

flavicincta.

modesta.

Cr . leucozonipus Hmps. Body bluish-black. Palpi in front, frons and a streak behind the eyes white.
Tibiae, tarsi, and the 4th segmental margin finely edged with white. Wings hyaline. Forewing with black
margins and a broad cross-vein. Fringes of both wings brown. 16 mm. x4den.

3. Genus: DjepidogMHla Hmps.

Proboscis normal. Palpi in front coarsely scaled. Antennae of $ finely dentate, of $ plain. Hind tibiae
and the first two tarsal joints densely haired. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 stalked. In the hindwing 3 + 5
on a short stalk, 6 close below the upper cell-angle. Type: heterogyna Hmps. from India.

L. pictipes Hmps. Head golden yellow, thorax and abdomen black. Patagia with orange tips. Abdomen
at the base with reddish-yellow, at the end with white scales. Anal tuft white. Forewing hyaline, costal margin
black, towards the apex narrower, besides the margins and the broad cross-vein are black. Hindwing at the
veins and margins narrow black. At the base of the inner margin a few yellow hairs. Fringes of both wings
blackish-brown. $ 26 mm. Rhodesia.

L. sylphina Hmps. The yellow areas on the body ochreous. Abdomen with white segmental margins,
anal tuft reddish-yellow. Second palpal joint with a white base. On the forewing the costal margin is equally
broad black, the cross-vein less broad than in pictipes. The hyaline places on the hindwing with a red-brown
shine. At the inner margin with black and white scales, excepting the anal angle. ^ 18 mm. Sierra Leone.

4. Genus: Kplsanniaia Aur.

Proboscis normal, palpi with appressed scales. Antennae at the end very feebly thickened, in the J
very finely ciliated. Anterior tibiae in the centre hairy. Middle tibiae at the end with a tuft of scales extending
to the first tarsal joint. Hind tibiae with remarkably thick scaling, not extending to the tarsi. In the forewing
veins 2 and 3 near together, 4, 5 and 6 equidistant from each other. In the hindwing veins 3+4 stalked,
5 from the centre of the cross- vein. Type: chalybea Aur.

E. chalybea Aur. (= pulchra Le Cerj ) (77 a). Bluish black. Forewing at the costal and inner margins
broad black like the cross-vein, distal margin more than twice as broad black, between them hyaline. Hindwing
at the distal margin less broad black, cross-vein somewhat stronger than the other veins. On the 4th abdominal
segment a fine yellowish- white margin. 22 — 25 mm. Cameroon.

E. perlucida Le Cerf (77 a). Greenish-black, anal tuft of C parted. First palpal joint all white, the
second only in front white. Tibiae outside at the base and the tarsi at the end of the first joint white. Abdomen
on the second and fourth segments finely edged with white, beneath all white. Wings more intensely hyaline
owing to narrower black margins, on the fore wing the black margin inside slightly notched. 18 — 21 mm. Ogowe.

E. albifrons Hmps. Bluish -black. Frons and palpi in front white, except apically. Anterior coxae
white, middle tibiae with a white band, the bluish-black tuft of the hind tibiae with a white spot. Abdomen
beneath white, only the two first segments somewhat black. The wedge-shaped area in the forewing shortly
triangularly hyaline, the exterior hyaline area formed of hyaline streaks, outside dentate, a small longitudinal
area at the base. On the hyaline hindwing the margin and veins are black, the cross vein anteriorly more
intensely black. Interior area black, with a silvery blue gloss. The base at the inner margin with white hairs.
2 18 — 22 mm. Gold Coast.

E. flavicincta Hmps. Violettish -black. Frons and palpi somewhat white. Margins on the first and
third abdominal segments fine yellow. Legs partly white. Abdomen beneath ochreous white. Forewing
greenish-black with a broad cross- vein. The longitudinal area at the base narrow, the wedge-shaped area at
the cell-end triangular. The exterior hyaline area between veins 9 and 3 only leaves a narrow margin. Hindwing
with a narrow black margin. Hair at the inner-margin as far as beyond the middle ochreous. Beneath on the
forewing the costal margin and median vein are golden yellow. $ 16 mm. Gold Coast.

E. modesta Le Cerj (77 a). Bronze black. Frons and basal halves of palpi beneath white, the anterior
segmental margins of the abdomen with white scales. Abdomen beneath light greyish brown, anal tuft reddish-
brown. Tibiae at the end and tarsi beneath white. Forewing with a small longitudinal area and wedged area,
also the exterior hyaline area similar to flavicincta. Hindwing very narrowly margined with violettish-black.
At the base of the inner margin white hair. Beneath golden yellow as in flavicincta. Tibiae much less densely
haired than in the other species. $ 18 mm. Cameroon.

5. Genus: Tipulamillia Holl. (Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf)

Proboscis normal, palpi obliquely porrect. Tibiae with few hairs. Tarsi rather long, on the last joint
a fine hair-tuft. Anal tuft feeble. In the forewing vein 1 very short, 2 and 3 near the cell-angle, 5 from the

TIPULAMIMA. By Dr. Gaede.

519

centre of the cross-vein, 7 + 8 halfway stalked, 10 + 11 at the base distantly separated, then nearing each

other. In the hindwing veins 3 + 4 on a short stalk, 7 absent. Type: flavifrons Holl.

E. grandidieri Le Cerf (77 a). Palpi thin, yellow. Body and margins of wings bronze black, the sides grandidieri.

at the anal tuft and the legs yellow except few black places. Costal margin of forewing inside on 4/5 of its

length with a red line. Cross-vein and the narrow inner margin yellow. On the hindwing the veins 2 — 5 with
yellow scales except at the end, the cross-vein fine. Margin narrow, black. Tarsi of hindlegs somewhat hairy.
d1 26 mm. Madagascar.

T. pyrosoma Hmps. Palpi and antennal tips orange. Tegulae, patagia and the last segments on the pyrosoma.
abdomen edged with red, the whole under surface red. Hind tarsi bluish-black, otherwise the legs almost quite
red. On the forewing the narrow margins and veins are black, only at the base somewhat red. Hindwing also
narrowly black. Fringes of both wings coppery brown. Beneath both wings at the costal margin orange beyond
the middle. $ 28 mm. East Africa.

T. flammipes Hmps. $ bluish-black. Frons somewhat white. Palpi, antennae above, margin of tegulae flammipes.
and patagia orange-red. Prothorax, abdomen beneath, and legs almost quite orange-red. On the forewing
the margins and the cross-vein are bluish-black, the exterior hyaline area outside bordered undulately. Hindwing
narrowly margined with black, inner margin with yellow hairs. $ with white antennal tips, thorax red with a
black spot. Abdomen at the base red with a black median streak and red segmental margins. Abdomen beneath
with a black ring-band. Both wings at the inner margin with a red base. On the forewing the distal margin
broad with yellow scales. <$ 30, $ 24 mm. Uganda.

T. opalimargo Le Cerf (77 a). Bluish-black. Antennal tips and palpi brick-red. Thorax with a similar opalimargo.
reflection. The 3 first abdominal rings beneath yellowish- white. Legs black and brick-red. Both wings at the
base with brick-red scales. Costal margin and cross-vein black, the distal hyaline area luniform. Hindwing
narrow black, cross-vein only anteriorly black. $ 44 mm. Madagascar.

T. flavifrons Holl. (77 a). Head and anterior half of thorax orange, otherwise bluish-black. Forewing flavifrons.
only with a feeble hyaline streak at the base. On the hindwing the interior half is hyaline, behind it another
hyaline streak. Forelegs altogether and middle legs partly orange. <$ 28 mm. West Africa.

T. haugi Le Cerf (77 a). $ similar to flavifrons, thorax and legs the same, all the rest bluish-black, haugi.
Abdomen beneath whitish ochreous except at the end. Forewing as far as the cross- vein glossy blue excepting
the margins. Hindwing with a smaller basal area, behind it also glossy blue. only on the forelegs and palpi
orange, otherwise bluish-black. The two first abdominal segments lighter. On the forewing the costal margin
is broad black as far as the very broad cross-vein. Distal hyaline area round. Hindwing with a relatively broad
margin, in the submedian fold with points inwards, the cross-vein triangular. 30 — 35 mm. Ogowe.

T. nigriceps Hmps. Bluish-black. Thorax mixed with orange. Chest, front and middle tibiae orange, nigriceps.
abdomen at the base with 3 yellow spots. Forewing as in haugi-Q. Hindwing besides with 2 hyaline streaks
above veins 4 and 5 and a small spot above the base of vein 2. Veins and cross-vein purely black. As far as
vein 3 violettish-black, then bluish-black. $ 26 mm. Sierra Leone.

T. festiva Holl. (77 a). Violettish-black. Head at the base of the antennae and thorax orange, the fesliva.
latter with a blackish-brown central spot. Palpi below white like the abdominal margins on the 4th, 6th and
7th segments. Anal tuft in the middle below and hair of legs white. Forewing with narrow dark margins and
similar cross- vein. Hindwing very narrowly margined. 18 mm. Ogowe.

T. sophax Drc. Thorax greenish-black, abdomen of $ orange, on the 4th segment dark green, in the sophax.

$ greenish-black. Forewing at the base hyaline reddish. Costal margin, cross vein and the other veins black.

Hind wing with fine black veins. 18 mm. Uganda, East Africa, Rhodesia

T. sexualis Hmps. body black. A streak on the tegulae and 3 segmental margins on the abdomen, sexualis.
as well as the palpi in front yellow. Legs with yellow and white spots. Forewing at the margin and veins
blackish-brown. At the base and outside at the cross-vein yellow scales. Distal margin at the apex broad
black, also with yellow scales. Hindwing narrowly margined with blackish-brown like the anterior portion of
the cross-vein. 2 palpi, antennae beneath and the margin of patagia fiery red. Thorax posteriorly with a red
streak. Abdomen with 2 red, 1 yellow and 2 more red bands. Anal tuft at the end and legs with fiery red
spots. Forewing at the base, outside at the cross-vein and in the marginal area fiery red. 22 — 26 mm. Niger
District. - waterloti Le Cerf. $ (77 b) smaller. The red places on the palpi, patagia, and abdomen are yellow waterloti.
instead of red. Only the cross-vein and the distal margin with red scales. $ 21 mm. Dahomey.

T. malimba Holl. Blackish-brown. Frons, palpi, and antennae below orange. A streak on the patagia malimba.
and the 2nd and 4th abdominal segments above, as well as the legs orange, Hyaline areas at the costal margin
narrow, the dark margins with yellow radial streaks. Hindwing narrowly margined with dark brown.

$ 20 mm. Ogowe.

520

MACROTAR SI PUS ; EPITARSIPUS; MONOPETALOTAXIS. By M. Gaede.

tricincta.

auronitens.

africana.

microth yris.

rufitliorax .

doleriformis

candescens.

spyrocaspis.

To tricincta Le Cerf (77 b). Bluish-black. Palpi, collar and margin of patagia pale yellow. Abdomen
with some red scales. The margins on the 2nd, 4th, and 7th segments above and on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th beneath
pale yellow, the base beneath white. Tibiae with white scales, white spurs and reddish-yellow hairs on the
upper side, tarsi somewhat white-spotted. Eorewing with a bluish-black costal margin and broad cross- vein,
distal margin violettish-black. At the cross-vein outside and at the distal margin some reddisli scales. Costal
margin beneath reddish-yelow. Hindwing finely edged with violettish-black.

T. ( ?) auromtens Le Cerf. Body grey. Antennae before the tips above white. Thorax at the end
laterally with a golden yellow hair-pencil. On the abdomen the two first and last segments are golden yellow,
the antennae and legs similarly coloured. Eorewing hyaline, costal margin grey. The base, the cross- vein
outside, and the marginal area golden yellow. The veins in the distal hyaline area black. Hindwing hyaline,
finely edged with black, inner margin with golden yellow hair. ^ 18 mm. Congo District.

6. Genus: Maerotarsipus limps.

Palpi with appressed hair, erect. Antennae not ciliated, very long, moderately thickened. In the
forewing veins 2 and 3 close together, 7 + 8 stalked, the others at equal distances. In the hindwing veins 3
and 5 rise from the same place, like 6 and 7. Legs very long, especially the hind tarsi which are densely haired
in the terminal halves above. Type: albipunctus Limps, from India.

M. africana Beulnm. (= belia Drc.) (77 b). Body greenish-black, abdomen beneath whitish. Palpi
beneath, as well as anterior and posterior coxae white, legs with white rings. Eorewing with 3 small hyaline
spots. In the longitudinal area a narrow streak, in the wedged area at the end an oval spot, the distal hyaline
area larger, rounder, in belia more elongate. Hindwing narrowly margined with black. $ 26 — 34 mm. Ogowe.

M. microfhyris Hmps. Blackish-brown. Palpi creamy white, last joint orange with black scales. Tarsi
with yellow rings. Wings as in africana. Distal hyaline area between veins 7 and 4. $ 28 mm. East Africa.

7. Genus: Epitarsipus Le Cerf.

Proboscis normal. Palpi without a hair-pencil. Antennae almost as long as fore wing, at the end feebly
thickened. Legs long, hind tibiae and tarsi very long. In the forewing veins 2 and 3 very near, 10 and 11 in
the first half separated, 7 + 8 halfway stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 + 4 on a very short stalk.

E. rufitliorax Le Cerf (77 b). $ body bluish-black. Frons and partly the palpi white. Thorax behind
and the 1st abdominal segment laterally margined with hemochrome, besides 3 fine white lines on the abdomen
above, under surface in the basal half white. Hind tibiae and tarsi bluish-black, the former with black and
white places. Fore wing hyaline, at the base black scales, costal margin and distal margin fine brown, cross¬
vein black. Hindwing hyaline, with a short streak at the cross- vein. §: thorax behind not red. Tegulae and 2
segments at x/3 and 2/3 of abdomen finely edged with red, abdomen beneath at the base with a triangular white
spot, legs black with white rings. On the forewing the inner margin is fine red, all the other margins fine black
18 — 22 mm. Madagascar.

8. Genus: MoBiopclalotiixis Wllgrn.

Proboscis short. First palpal joint with a pointed hair-pencil which is appressed to the second joint,
the hairs more laterally placed, so tha,t an indentation is produced towards the apex. Antennae at the ends
thickened, in the with one row of dents. Frons with a long hair-tuft. Forelegs short. Middle and hind tibiae
short-haired. On the posterior tarsi the first joint slightly haired in one row. In the fore wing veins 2, 3 and
10, 11 close together, 7 + 8 stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 + 5 on a long stalk, 6 and 7 rise almost together.
Type: doleriformis Wkr.

M. doleriformis Wkr. (= wahlbergi Wllgr., taylori Drc.) (77 b). Thorax and abdomen at the base
reddish brown, the rest blackish-brown with white segmental margins. Legs black, with white rings. On the
forewing the veins and apex reddish-brown, cross-vein black, outside edged with red. Hindwing also with
reddish-brown veins, at the cross-vein a small red dot. 25 mm. Transvaal.

M. candescens Fldr. (77 b). Antennae of $ ciliated. Ground-colour black. Head, margins of patagia
and segmental margins of abdomen orange, collar fine red, tibiae with black and yellow stripes. Forewing with
a white basal spot. Below the costal margin and above the inner margin a red line, cross-vein and distal margin
broad black, distal margin parted by red. Hindwing narrowly margined with black.

M. pyrocraspss limps. Antennae of strongly ciliated. Palpi white, second joint laterally black.
Thorax dark brown, frons fiery red. Antennal shaft above red, legs brownish ocbreous and red-brown.

Publ. 30. IX. 1929.

SYNANTHEDON. By M. Gaede.

521

Abdomen blackish-brown with whitish ochreous segmental margins and bands on the 5th and the two last
segments. Beneath with white and red scales. Anal tuft yellow on the sides and below. Forewing dark brown
and fiery red. A short red streak below the costal margin, the subcostal and median veins, inner margin fiery
red to the cell-end. Longitudinal area narrow, wedge-area short. In the distal hyaline area between veins 9
and 3 the veins are red, like the luna at the cross-vein outside. On the hindwing the margin and veins are brown,
the fringe at the inner margin and anal angle yellow. g 28 mm. Cape Colony.

M. chakiphora limps. Body black with a lead-coloured gloss. Thorax behind and abdomen on the chalciphora.
2nd and 3rd segments with fiery red spots, 4th segment with a yellow band, 5th, 6th, and the end fiery red.

Palpi and antennae for the most part fiery reel. Tibiae fiery red, only the hind tibiae inside black. Tarsi
yellow, inside white, hind tarsi inside somewhat orange. Forewing with black veins, costal and inner margins
golden yellow with red. Cross-vein and distal margin golden yellow, the latter suffused with blackish brown.

Hindwing hyaline with yellow veins, margin and fringe of both wings blackish brown. Beneath with golden
yellow marking. $ 25 mm. East Africa.

8. Genus: Syuaiithetloii Hbn.

Proboscis normal, palpi slender, on the 1st joint below hairy. Antennae preapically thickened, in the
^ crenate. Anal tuft in both sexes strong. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 stalked, the others at equal distances.

In the hindwing veins 3 + 5 shortly stalked, 8 below the upper cell-angle, cross-vein somewhat oblique. 3 inner-
marginal veins present. Type: vespiformis L. from Europe.

S. pyrethra Hmps. Body blackish-brown, with a silvery gloss. Head orange-red, frons with a white pyrethra.
spot. Forelegs orange, middle legs red. $ forewing orange-red, cross-vein red, behind it traces of hyaline spots,
base and costal margin blackened. Hindwing hyaline, veins, costal and distal margins orange-red, the anterior
inner-marginal vein with a black streak. Fringe on both wings blackish brown. $ forewing with a reddish-
brown costal and distal margin. At the inner margin and below the costal margin at the base a red streak.

Cross-vein broad black, behind it the veins red. On the hindwing the interior area is scaled red, with a black
streak at the base at the inner margin. 38 mm. Cape Colony.

S. semirufa Flclr. Body black, head red, patagia with a white margin. Forewing red. In the cell, on semirufa.
the centre of the distal area and at the distal margin black. Hindwing at the margin broad black, otherwise
varying between red and hyaline. 25 mm. Cape Colony.

S. bifenestrata n. sp. (77 b). Body and palpi orange-red, beneath lighter. Antennae black with white bifenestrata.
tips. Legs orange-red, tibiae black. Anal tuft laterally black. Forewing orange-red, costal and inner margins
black. At the cell-end a small parted hyaline area and behind it a small one, above and below the latter a hyaline
dot. Marginal line fine black. Hindwing hyaline, narrowly edged with bluish-black. Fringe on both wings
blackish-brown. Beneath forewing more narrowly margined with black, hindwing with a reddish-yellow costal
margin. <+ 19 mm. East Africa. Type in the Berlin Museum.

S. eryfhromma Hmps. Body black. Frons, neck-ring, segmental margins, and anal tuft (partly) white, erythromma.
Palpi almost entirely white. Middle and hind tibiae orange with red hairs, the middle tibiae at the end white-
haired, the others black-haired. Hind tarsi with black and red hairs on the 1st joint, below white. Forewing
hyaline, the margins and veins black. Cross-vein with a red spot, edged with black. In the marginal area red
scales. Hindwing on the veins and distal margin narrowly black. Beneath the marking is more intensely
scaled red. $ 20 mm. East Africa.

S. rubripicta Hmps. Body black, frons white. Abdomen with yellow margins on the 1st and last rubripida.
segments, a yellow band on the 4th segment, the latter also beneath. Anal tuft mixed with red, antennae also
red. Palpi orange. Forelegs yellow, tarsi above somewhat black. Middle and hind tibiae with red hairs in the
middle and at the end. Hind tarsi with black and red hairs, last joint above white, spurs also white. Forewing
with black margins and veins. Somewhat red at the base of the inner margin, above vein 1 as far as the cell-
end and below the centre of the costal margin. Cross- vein black with a red median streak, also on the centre
of the marginal area red streaks and scales. Hindwing with a narrow margin. At the upper angle of the cross-
vein a black and red spot. Beneath the costal margin of the forewing more intensely red. 18 mm. Sierra Leone.

S. mesochoriformis Wh\ Greenish-black. Antennae reddish-yellow, at the tips black. Patagia and mesochori-
segmental margins of abdomen above pale. Abdomen beneath pale, at the base lateral white hairs. Wings formis.
hyaline. Forewing at the cross-vein and aj)ex golden violet. 16 mm. Natal.

S. vassei Le Cerf (77 b). Brownish-black. Frons white, patagia at the end orange, abdomen above vassei.
laterally white on each segment, so that the ground-colour forms flat triangles. Palpi and forelegs white.

Middle and hind tibiae below white-haired, above orange with black places. On the forewing the longitudinal
area very fine to the centre of the wings. Cross-vein as broad black as the margins, inside the hyaline areas
dusted somewhat yellow. Hindwing narrowly margined with black. <$ 28 mm. Mozambique.

S. flavipalpis Hmps. (77 b). Brownish-black. Frons and nearly the whole palpi yellow, patagia edged flavipalpis.
with yellow. Anterior coxae and partly the tibiae yellow, abdomen laterally and the anal tuft spotted yellow.

XIV 66

CAMAEGERIA; HYPANTHEDON; PODOSESIA; MALGASSESIA. By M. Gaede.

auripes.

e.rochifor-

mis.

riyanga.

auripicta.

marisa.

surocles.

rufescens.

522

Spurs and tarsi beneath white. Forewing at the margins with a silvery gloss. The distal hyaline area margined
with orange. Hindwing narrowly edged with dark. Cross-vein in front feebly thickened. 22 mm. Central
Africa, Rhodesia, Transvaal.

S. auripes Hmps. Dark coppery brown. Palpi and margins of patagia yellow. Stripes on tibiae, tarsi
and segmental margins of abdomen also yellow like the anal tuft. Frons laterally and anterior coxae white.
On the forewing the distal hyaline area not margined with orange, on the hindwing the cross-vein in front
thicker. $ 20 — 22 mm. Gold Coast.

S. exochiformis Wkr. (= albifrons Hmps.). Black, with a blue gloss. Frons and palpi in front white.
Abdomen with a white line on the 5th segment, beneath all white. Anterior coxae, middle tibiae partly and
the bluish-black hind tibiae with a spot white. Tarsi white and black-ringed. In the forewing the longitudinal
area only at the base, the wedge-area in the cell-end triangular, the distal hyaline area composed of short
hyaline streaks, outside dentate. On the hindwing the cross-vein in front black, the bluish-black inner margin
at the base with white hairs. In the $ the middle and hind tibiae less hairy, anal tuft above white, abdomen
beneath brownish. 18 — 22 mm. Gold Coast.

S. nyanga Beutenm. Bronze black. The two last segments of the abdomen beneath and middle coxae
white. Forewing with narrow black margins, the costal margin beneath yellowish. $ 17 mm. Ogowe.

9. Genus: Camaegeria

Similar to Synanthedon. In the forewing veins 2 and 3 rise close together, 9 and 10 near the upper
cell-angle, 11 somewhat farther towards the base, 7 + 8 on a long stalk. Hindwing as in Synanthedon, with 2
inner-marginal veins. Hind tibiae with some hairs beside the unequal pairs of spurs. Antennae at the end
slightly thickened, with small bristles at the tips. Palpi with appressed scales.

C. auripicta Strd. (77 c). Body black. Thorax with a golden yellow median line, abdomen with similar
dorsal spots. Anal end yellow. A broad lateral band on the thorax and two thirds of the length of the abdomen
yellow. Palpi yellow, hind tibiae and tarsi yellow and black. Forewing hyaline, the margins and the steep
cross- vein narrow black. Hindwing with a fine black streak at the cross-vein in front. 22 — 25 mm. Cameroon.

10. Genus: IfypaiitJiedon Hmps.

Also the 2nd palpal joint at the base hairy. Small hair-tufts on the vertex and laterally on the thorax
behind, and at the base of the abdomen, anal tuft small. Also the front and middle tibiae long-haired. In the
forewing veins 2 and 3 near together, 7 + 8 stalked, 9 more remote from 7. Hindwing as in Synanthedon.
Type: marisa Drc.

H. marisa Drc. Brownish-black. Tegulae edged yellow. Legs with yellow and black rings. Forewing
with reddish-brown fringe, veins and transverse streak. Hindwing with dark brown veins and fringe. 25 mm.
South and Central Africa.

11. Genus: l*o«losesfa Mdschl.

Palpi thin, somewhat shorter than in the other genera. Antennae of dentate, of $ plain. Hind tibia
at the end with a long pencil, tarsi very long, especially the basal joint, with short and dense hair. Abdomen
at the base somewhat narrower. In the forewing also vein 3 + 4 on a short stalk. Type: syringae Mdschl. from
South America.

P. surodes Hmps. Body and forewing bluish-black. Palpi in front and tarsi excepting base white.
C'hest laterally pink. Forewing not hyaline. Hindwing greenish-black. With hyaline basal streaks in the cell
and as far as the inner margin. Beneath with a more violett gloss. In the $ the hindwing above is bluer with
less green. 34 — 40 mm. Central Africa.

12. Genus : Le Cerf.

Proboscis present. Palpi erect, thin. Antennae a little more than half the length of the costal margin,
in the $ feebly thickened at the ends. Tibiae without a hair-pencil, somewhat longer than normally. In the
forewing veins 2 and 3 close together, 10 and 11 only separated in the first quarter of their length, 7 + 8 stalked
to more than half their length. In the hindwing veins 3 + 4 short-stalked, 5 from the middle of the cross- vein,
3 inner-marginal veins.

M. rufescens Le Cerf (77 c). Body reddish-yellow. Palpi somewhat black. Antennae above bluish-
black. Abdomen with 2 broader black bands, beneath with black segmental margins. Hind tibiae and tarsi
reddish-yellow and black. Forewing at the inner-margin fine reddish-yellow; costal margin, distal margin,
and cross-vein fine blackish-blue. Hindwing finely margined with blackish-blue, veins slightly red-brown.
S 20 mm. Madagascar.

EUHAGENA; CHAMANTHEDON. By M. Gaede.
13. Genus: £iihagcna H.-Edw.

523

Proboscis short. Palpi porrect, densely haired. Antennae of ciliated, at the end thickened. Tibiae
long-haired, the tarsi not. Neuration as in Paranthrene. Type: nebrascae H.-Edw. from North America.

E. nobilis Drc. Body black, abdomen beneath and legs brown. Forewing brown, at the apex paler, nobilis.
Hindwing creamy white. Fringes of both wings dark brown. 35 mm. East Africa.

14. Genus: Chamantlieclon Le Cerf.

Proboscis short. Palpi oblique. Body long and thin, laterally compressed, anal pencil long. All the
tarsi long. In the forewing vein 1 stunted, 2 and 3 close together, 7 + 8 stalked on (4 of their length, 10 absent.

On the hindwing veins 3 + 4 on a very short stalk from the lower cell-angle, 5 from the middle of the cross¬
vein, 6 and 7 anastomosing. Type : hypochroma Le Cerf from India.

Ch. elymais Drc. Antennae with a yellow ring before the apex, otherwise black like the head and elymais.
thorax. Tegulae, patagia, abdomen, and legs yellow. Abdomen with 3 bluish-black bands in the type, otherwise
only at the base and end yellow. Forewing hyaline yellow at the base and in the distal hyaline area as far as
the margin. A spot at the cross-vein, the veins and fringe black. The light basal spot may also be absent.

Hindwing hyaline, at the costal margin yellow, fringe black. 18 mm. Delagoa Bay, Transvaal.

Ch. tropica Beutenm. (77 c). Head and thorax in front black. Thorax behind, palpi, abdomen above tropica.
and legs orange, anal tuft above black, beneath golden yellow. Antennae before the tips white. Fore wing
orange. Costal margin and distal margin brown. Wedge-area short, distal hyaline area very narrow. Hindwing
hyaline, margin narrowly brown. Forewing beneath golden yellow, turning brown distally. 13 — 15 mm. Ogowe.

In a specimen from Cameroon the forewing is predominantly brown, only before and behind the distal hyaline
area orange.

Ch. chrysopasta Hmps. Antennae before the tips white. Palpi partly orange. Thorax bluish-black chrysopasta.
and abdomen blackish-brown, both with orange scales; anal tuft in the centre orange. Legs and abdomen
beneath chiefly orange, anal tuft entirely orange. Forewing blackish-brown with many orange scales. The
short wedge-spot is parted by a black streak. Cross-vein almost entirely orange. The distal hyaline area
composed of short streaks between veins 4 and 7 and a small spot below them; outside edged with orange.

Hindwing hyaline, narrowly margined with dark. Veins 5 — 1 and the inner margin as well as the distal margin
inside yellow. Beneath the costal margin of the forewing is black, of the hindwing orange. <$ 20 mm. Rhodesia.

Ch. striata n. sp. (77 c). Thorax probably bluish black with orange margins. Abdomen above bluish striata.
black with orange segmental margins, beneath pale yellow. Anal tuft black, in the middle and below yellow.

Palpi and legs pale yellow. Antennae black, before the tips yellowish- white. Forewing orange, costal margin
and all the veins black, cross-vein broad black. Behind it hyaline dots are marked only in one of the two
specimens. Hindwing hyaline, cross-vein broad dark, the narrow black distal margin inside orange. Beneath
the forewing is more intensely yellow, only in the distal area with black veins and margin. Hindwing with an
orange cross- vein and margins, fringe above and beneath blackish-brown. C 20 mm. Sierra Leone. Type in
the Berlin Museum.

Ch. brillians Beutenm. (77 c). Body with orange-red and black stripes. Forewing orange-red. Wedge- brillians.
area punctiform, the distal hyaline area only at the ends marked by one hyaline dot each. The surroundings
blackish-brown like the distal margin. Hindwing in the cell and below it hyaline, otherwise orange red, distal
margin narrow blackish-brown. 13 — 16 mm. Spanish Guinea, Ogove.

Ch. ochracea Wkr. Reddish-yellow, abdomen with violettish-black segmental margins. Wings hyaline, ochracea.
Forewing at the distal margin violettish-red, hindwing more narrowly margined. 18 mm. Natal.

Ch. hilariformis Wkr. Dark green. Antennae before the tips white. Thorax with 2 white streaks, abdomen hilariformis.
of C at the base with a white lateral streak, of $ behind the middle with a white line, anal tuft white. Forewing
dark green with a hyaline discal spot, in the $ parted. Hindwing with a narrow violet margin. 16 mm. Natal.

Ch. xanthopasta Hmps. Black. Palpi chiefly white. Thorax with yellow scales, abdomen with pale xantho-
yellow spots, beneath with yellowish-white segmental margins. Tarsi white, tibiae with yellow and black pasta.
places. Forewing hyaline with black margins. At the costal margin, below it, at the median vein, and above
the inner margin white streaks. Cross-vein outside edged with golden yellow, and a similar spot in the apical
area as far as vein 4. Hindwing hyaline. Veins inside and hairs at the inner margin white. Cross-vein in front,
veins outside, and the distal margin narrowly black. Beneath on the forewing the costal margin and the veins
inside, on the hindwing the veins on their whole length white. $ 28 — 30 mm. South Africa.

Ch. leucocera Hmps. Thorax blackish-brown, with a bronze gloss. Frons white, palpi pale yellow, leucocera.
Antennae with white tips, Abdomen orange with blackish brown spots and bands. Legs orange, hind tibiae

524

CHAMAESPHECIA; LOPHOCEPS. By M. Gaede.

fulvipes.

arnorpha.

tapeina.

leucopleura.

chalypsa.

critheis.

tiresa.

heliostoma.

ethiopica.

rhodia.

clathrata.

and tarsi with black rings. Fore wing hyaline, veins and margins dark, cross-vein broad black. Distal hyaline
area composed of 4 streaks, with a black notch between veins 7 and 8. On the hyaline hind wing the costal
margin as far as the middle yellow. d 16 mm. East Africa.

Ch. fulvipes Hmps. (77 c). Dark brown. Palpi yellow with a dark ring. Abdomen with yellow scales
and orange lateral streaks, anal tuft at the end, and legs almost entirely orange. Fore wing hyaline. Margins
with a slight coppery gloss, the cross- vein triangular black. Distal hyaline area short, with 3 or 4 parts. Hindwing
hyaline, narrowly margined, inner margin at the base orange. $ 22 mm. Congo.

Ch. arnorpha Hmps. Blackish-brown with a blue gloss. Frons and palpi partly white. Abdomen above
with a white margin on the 4th segment, beneath all the segments are margined with white. Middle and hind
tibiae and tarsi white-spotted. Forewing with a short hyaline area of 5 parts, otherwise as fulvipes, the hindwing
too. Beneath both wings at the costal margin at the base orange. 16 mm. Delagoa-Bay.

Ch. tapeina Hmps. Body black with a bluish-green gloss. Palpi, a spot behind the patagia, and the
anal tuft reddish-yellow. Abdomen on the 2nd and 4th segments with golden brown spots. Middle and hind
tibiae with reddish- yellow hair in the middle and at the ends, tarsi with similar rings. Forewing hyaline, margins
and cross-vein brown, the distal hyaline area between veins 9 and 3 almost as far as the distal margin. Both
wings with white fringes. d 14 mm. Transvaal.

Ch. leucopleura Hmps. Ground-colour as in tapeina. On the abdomen at the base laterally white scales,
on the 4th and 6th segments white lateral streaks, legs with white streaks. Forewing in the marginal area and
on the fringe with red-brown scales, without hyaline places. Hindwing at the apex red-brown. The cell, short
streaks behind and below it hyaline, cross- vein in both wings black. $ 18 mm. Transvaal.

Ch. chalypsa Hmps. Ground-colour the same; abdomen on the sides with reddish-yellow scales, anal
tuft in the middle and beneath the same, palpi and legs partly reddish-yellow. Forewing not hyaline, with
coppery brown fringe. Hindwing as in leucopleura. Beneath in the proximal area the costal margin of both
wings and the median vein of the forewing reddish-yellow. d 24 mm. Natal.

Ch. critheis Drc. Ground-colour black, with some yellow marking. The 4th segment on the abdomen
and an apical spot on the forewing yellow. Only the hindwing hyaline, distal margin, veins and apex black.
18 mm. Delagoa Bay.

Ch. tiresa Drc. Similar. On the abdomen the 1st and 4th segments with a white margin. Legs and anal
tuft white-spotted. Forewing without an apical spot, otherwise as critheis. 12 mm. Delagoa Bay.

Ch. heliostoma Meyr. Similar. Antennae before the tips white. The 4th segmental margin in the d
ochreous, in the $ whitish. Forewing violettish-black, costal margin bluish-black. Hindwing hyaline.
18 — 23 mm. Natal.

15. Genus: diainaesphecia Spul.

Proboscis strong, palpi below at the base hairy. Antennae of d ciliated. In the forewing vein 1 stunted,
10 and 11 rise separated and are fused at the end. In the hindwing veins 3 -f 4 on a short stalk, 5 from the
centre of the cross-vein, 6 from the upper angle, 7 absent. Type: empiformis Esp. from Europe.

Ch. ethiopica Hmps. Body blackish-brown with greyish-white scales. Palpi partly white. Segmental
margins of abdomen and the anal tuft laterally white. At) do men beneath greyish-brown, only on the 4th
segment a white line. Tibiae and tarsi with white rings. Forewing hyaline, margins, veins, and cross-vein
coppery brown. Distal margin somewhat broader, between veins 7 and 8 with a tooth inwards. Hindwing
with a narrow margin. Beneath on the forewing the median vein and the costal margin are yellowish-white.
$ 24 — 28 mm. Central Africa.

Ch. rhodia Drc. Body black. Forewing hyaline with black margins, at the distal margin a grey line,
without any other markings. Hindwing normal. 18 mm. South Africa.

( ?) Ch. clathrata Le Cerf (77 c). The whole body as far as the anal tuft bluish-black. Forewing purple
black, with a tiny hyaline spot in the cell and a small one behind it. Hindwing with a broad distal margin and
broad cross-vein. Tibiae and tarsi bluish-black, with fine white rings. $ 14 mm. Ogowe,

16. Genus: (LopSioccps Hmps.

Proboscis normal. Antennal end somewhat thickened, hardly ciliated. On the vertex a hair-pencil
between the antennae. Abdomen of d in the type very long, on the 3 last segments with lateral hair-tufts,
bent downward, $ with a large anal tuft. Tibiae with a few hairs beside the spurs. On the forewing veins 2 and 3
near together, 7 + 8 stalked, 9 from the upper cell-angle, 11 absent. In the hindwing veins 3 + 5 stalked,
6 below the upper angle. Type: abdominalis Hmps.

RODOLPHIA; AENIGMINA; CONOPIA. By M. Gaede.

ozo

L. abdominalis limps. Body black, with a steel-blue gloss. Frons and palpi in front white. On the abdomi-
abdomen the 2nd segmental margin above white, white scales on the 3rd to 6th segments; beneath a white
band on the 2nd segment, and the 4th to 6th segments white, the anal tuft laterally white, too. Forewing
hyaline, veins, costal and inner margins narrow blackish-brown with a green gloss. Distal margin coppery
brown, projecting inward at vein 7. Cross-vein broad. Hindwing hyaline, narrowly margined. Beneath the
forewing in the distal area somewhat golden yellow, hindwing at the costal margin yellow, from the direction
of the cross-vein notched black. $ abdomen above with white margins from the 2nd to 6th segments. 14 — 16 mm.

East Africa.

L. quinquepuncta Hmps. Antennae of $ well ciliated, abdomen normal. Body bronze black. Tibiae quinque-
and tarsi with white rings. Forewing dark brown, with a violet and coppery brown gloss, at the distal margin punda
yellow scales. In the cell-end a round hyaline spot, the distal hyaline area composed of 4 dots in an incurved
row. Hindwing finely margined with dark brown. 16 mm. Sierra Leone.

L. alenicola Strd. (77 e). Blackish-green. Palpi beneath white, also frons somewhat white. Abdomen alenicola.
on the 2nd, 4th. 6th segments margined with bluish-white, beneath on the 4th, 5th, and 6th segments almost
fused bands. Legs with fine white rings. On the forewing the costal and inner margins fine black. Cross-vein
and distal margin broad, filled somewhat coppery brown, the distal margin in the middle broadly projecting
inward almost to the cross- vein, beneath reddish-yellow between the black veins. Hindwing finely margined.

On the inner margin with whitish-grey hairs. $ 15 mm. Spanish Guinea, I. of Eloby.

17. Genus: Itodolphia Le Cerf.

Palpi porrect, the 2nd joint very long. Neuration as in “Sesm”, thus probably in the fore wing only
veins 7 + 8 stalked, in the hindwing 3 + 5 on a short stalk, 6 below the upper cell-angle. The principal mark
of distinction is a truncate cone on the frons.

R, hombergi Le Cerf (77 c). Black. Palpi beneath white, laterally on the 2nd joint red. Antennae hombergi.
before the tips with a red spot. Thorax with 3 red lines. Abdomen above with greyish-brown segmental margins.

Each ring in the middle and laterally with fiery red spots. Forewing bronze black with 2 very small hyaline
spots, one each in and behind the cell, the latter spot parted by veins 4 and 5. Costal margin and inner margin
as far as below the cross-vein, the cross-vein on % of its anterior length, a narrow line in the cell, the distal
margin of the distal hyaline area, and some marginal spots beautifully yellowish-red. Hindwing hyaline, cross¬
vein outside and vein 5 yellowish-red. $ 20 mm. Madagascar.

18. Genus : Aenig'iuma Le Cerf.

Proboscis feeble. Palpi little bent, neat. Antennae % of the length of the costal margin. Tarsi long,
legs not hairy. In the forewing veins 2 and 3 from the same place, 4 and 5 near together, 6 and 9 somewhat
isolated. In the hindwing veins 3 + 4 stalked, 5 from the centre of the cross-vein, 7 absent. Traces of a third
inner-marginal vein.

A. aenea Le Cerf . Body bronze black. Palpi yellow, the dark reel antennae at the base yellow, at the aenea.
end black. Tibiae and tarsi yellow. Forewing bronze black, costal margin and cell bright yellow. Hindwing:
marginal band broad at the costal margin, cross-vein in front broadly scaled. Kilimandjaro. Satimargo Le Cerf. latimargo.
On the hindwing the bronze black marginal band extends farther inward to the lower cell-angle. Kilimandjaro.

19. Genus: Conopia Le Cerf.

Somewhat different from Synanthedon by very long antennae (4/5 of the length of the costal margin).

Also the 3rd palpal joint is long. In the forewing vein 3 is sometimes absent. Legs quite hairless. Type:
stomoxyformis Him. from Europe.

C. gabuna Beutenm. (77 d). Thorax greyish-black with 3 yellow lines, palpi below yellowish- white, gabuna.
Abdomen bluish-black, the margins on the segments 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 golden yellow and a yellow lateral line
as far as the first margin. Anal tuft laterally yellow. Anterior coxae white, tarsi on one side yellow. Forewing
hyaline, the bluish-black distal margin and the cross-vein very broad. Hindwing hyaline, narrowly margined.
Beneath on the forewing silvery rays before the margin. In the larger $ the segmental margins on the abdomen
are white. Hind tibiae with a white ring. 20 — 25 mm. Ogowe.

C. gracilis Hmps. (77 d). Body dark brown, with a silvery blue gloss. Palpi and chest yellow, frons gracilis.
laterally white. Legs brown, tibiae and tarsi with yellow rings. Abdomen in the middle narrower. The margins
on the segments 3, 5, 6 and 7 white, anal tuft laterally white. Forewing hyaline, the margins blackish-brown,
with a coppery gloss, cross-vein and distal margin broad. Hindwing corresponding to forewing. 8 24 mm. Cameroon.

C. nuba Beutenm. Bronze black. Frons laterally and palpal tip white. Abdomen with yellow margins nuba.
on the 2nd, 4th, and the two last segments. Legs with white rings. Fore wing hyaline, the bronze black margins
moderately broad. 14 mm. Ogowe.

526

CONOPIA. By M. Caede.

flavipecius.

maculiven-

iris.

eyanescens.

iris.

monozona.

platyuri-
f or mis.

albiventris.

alenicum.

leucogaster .

olendci.

pauper.

irithyris.

guineabia.

donckieri.

C. flavipecius Hmps. Bluish-black. Margins of patagia, palpi in front and thorax a little posteriorly
yellow. Frons laterally white. Chest and legs for the most part yellow. Abdomen at base narrower, each
segment with a yellow band, the long anal tuft with a yellow dorsal and lateral stripe. Abdomen beneath
striped white. Forewing with narrow black margins, at the base and above the inner margin yellow scales.
Hindwing with brown fringe. <$ 22 mm. Gold Coast.

C. maculiventris Le Cerf (77 c). Bluish-black. Palpi below, thorax behind and below yellow. On the
abdomen the 2nd, 4th, and 5th segments are margined with yellow, beneath at the base and in the middle
with a broad yellow band. Legs with yellow and black spots. Forewing very narrowly margined with black.
At the distal margin the bifurcation of veins 7 + 8 is still visible. Hindwing still more narrowly margined.
C 20 mm. Cameroon.

C. eyanescens Hmps. (77 d). Thorax coppery brown, patagia with a yellow margin. Abdomen bluish-
black with fine white segmental margins. Legs with white rings. Forewing hyaline, margins blackish-blue.
22 mm. Congo District, Rhodesia.

C. iris Le Cerf (77 d). Bluish-black. Palpi below white. Thorax with 3 yellowish-red longitudinal
lines and a similar terminal line. On the abdomen the 1st, 4th, and 6th segments are margined with white.
Anal tuft with a white tip. Beneath the 4th ring is margined with white. Anterior coxae white, legs otherwise
with white rings. Forewing with a broader black distal margin than in maculiventris. $ 25 mm. Cameroon.

C. monozona Hmps. differs much in the fiery red marking. Body dark brown, mixed with yellow and
fiery red. Palpi at base white, margins of patagia fiery red. Abdomen with a yellowish-red band on the 5th
segment. Anal tuft at the end red, also the lateral tufts near the end. Anterior coxae white. Fore wing coppery
brown. Wedge-area and longitudinal area only semi-diaphanous, somewhat brownish. Costal margin fiery
red, cross-vein brown. Distal hyaline area composed of 4 small short divisions. Hinclwing with brown margins,
cross-vein blackish. Beneath at the costal margin yellow and fiery red. 2 24 mm. Cape Colony.

C. platyuriforniis Wkr. Coppery black. Palpi below at the base white. Thorax with 3 yellow lines,
the 4th segment on the abdomen white-edged. The long anal tuft on the sides with a few white hairs. Forewing
hyaline, the margins with a slight violet gloss. Hindwing corresponding to forewing, cj 16 mm. Cape Colony.

C. albiventr is Beutenm. (77 d). Black. Frons and palpi excepting tips white. Patagia behind and
thorax beneath laterally white. Abdomen with a metal-green gloss, above the 4th and last segment with a
white ring, beneath the 3rd, 4th and 5th segments white; legs with white rings, anterior coxae white. Forewing
violettish black with a hyaline basal streak and a small white postmedian spot of scales. Hindwing hyaline,
margin broad violettish-black. ^ 11 mm. Ogowe. A specimen from the Coll. Dr. A. Schultze, identified by
Prof. Aurivillius, has dark palpi, on the abdomen beneath only the 4th and 5th segments are white. —
alenicum Strd. (77 d) has more distinctly white anterior coxae. The white areas on the fore wing better visible.

20 mm. Spanish Guinea.

C. leucogaster Hmps. {— albiventris Le Cerf.) (77 d). Brownish-black. Frons somewhat white.
Abdomen impressed in the middle, 2nd and 4th segments finely margined with white, also the anal tuft with
some white hairs. Abdomen beneath in tire centre broad white. Forewing with a separated narrow wedge-area
and longitudinal area, the distal hyaline area small, divided into 3 parts. Hindwing with a feeble streak at the
cross- vein and a narrow margin. 15 mm. Ogowe.

C„ olenda Beutenm. (77 d). Violettish-black. Palpi white, excepting tips, legs with white rings, anterior
coxae white. Forewing with a very small hyaline spot in the cell and a larger one behind it. $ 15 mm. Ogowe.

C. pauper Le Cerf (77 d). Bronze black. Frons white, palpi black. 4th segment of abdomen margined
with white, beneath white excepting base and end. Wings as in olenda. $ 16 mm. Cameroon.

C. trithyris Meyr. Violettish-black. Antennae before the tips white, palpi yellowish-brown. Abdomen
without light margins. Forewing at the inner margin with a coppery gloss, in the marginal area ochreous on
% of the length of the wing. A small quadrangular hyaline spot in the middle of the cell, of the distal hyaline
area only the two last spots in front and behind are preserved. Hindwing hyaline. ^ 14 mm. Sierra Leone.

(?) C. guineabia Strd. (77 d). Body brownish-black. Palpi, legs, and 3rd abdominal segment above
yellow. Forewing violettish black without hyaline spots, hindwing hyaline, almost without a margin, only
the fringe black. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 on a very long stalk, vein 9 rising with them from the same
place. The specimen being very much damaged, the genus cannot be ascertained for certain. 28 mm. Spanish
Guinea.

The following species described as “Sesia” , may also belong to Conopia.

(?) C. donckieri Le Cerf (77 e). Thorax greyish-brown. Abdomen above black, the 2nd segment is
broadly margined with yellowish- white, the 6th light grey, abdomen beneath greyish- brown. Forewing hyaline,
margined with greyish-brown. Cross-vein dull black. At the base of the cell, below the costal margin, and
below the cross-vein yellow scales. Hindwing hyaline, margined with greyish-brown, only at the apex yellow,
inside of it somewhat black. £ 32 mm. Madagascar.

HYMENOSPHECIA; VESPANTHEDON; SPHECOSESIA; ALONINA. By M. Gaede.

527

( ?) C. setodiformis Mab. Antennae black, with a pale yellow ring before the thickened portion, abdomen setodifor-
yellow at the base. Forewing hyaline, inner margin yellow, the distal hyaline area prolonged towards the anal
angle, so that its outer margin appears to be impressed. Between the veins yellow scales. Hindwing narrowly
edged with black, at the apex somewhat broader. Size not mentioned. Madagascar.

The following genera are wasp-like.

20. Genus: Hymenosphecia Le Gerf.

Palpi long, oblicpie, 1st and 2nd joints with a long dense hair-pencil. Abdomen somewhat wasp-like;
hind legs short. In the forewing the cell is very long, vein 1 feeble, 2 and 3 distantly separated, 4 nearer to 5,

7 absent, 10 and 11 distantly separated at the base, at the end very near together. In the hindwing veins 3
and 4 not stalked, 5 above the centre of the cross-vein, 6 and 7 united.

H. albomaculata Le Gerf (77 e). Bronze black. Frons somewhat white, 3rd palpal joint and antennal albomacu-
base white. Abdomen above at the base laterally yellow, beneath white. Fore wing violettish black, in the cell 2
hyaline rays. Hindwing hyaline, with a somewhat bluish gloss, margin fine brown. $ 34 mm. Uganda.

21. Genus : Vespantliedon Le Cerf.

Proboscis feeble. Palpi somewhat shorter than usual. Antennae moderately long, crenulate. Abdomen
as in Hymenosphecia. Anterior tibiae outside somewhat hairy. In the fore wing veins 2 and 3 somewhat nearer
together, 7 + 8 stalked on % of their length, 10 rising near 9. In the hindwing veins 3 + 4 stalked.

V. cerceris Le Cerf (77 e). Somewhat like albomaculata. Palpi chiefly yellow, frons laterally white, eerceris.
Thorax with yellow spots. Abdomen at the base above, on the following segments laterally with yellow spots,
beneath the anterior half is white. Legs black and yellow. Forewing with faded margins, cross- vein hardly
prominent. Hindwing scarcely margined. G 30 mm. Delagoa Bay.

22. Genus: Sphecosesia Hmps.

Proboscis normal. Palpi at the base long-haired. Antennae of G finely ciliated, behind the middle
strongly thickened. Legs hairless. Abdomen very much like that of wasps. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 stalked.

In the hindwing veins 3 + 4 stalked. Type: pedunculata Hmps. from India.

S. brachyptera Hmps. (= Ichn. pedunculata. Hmps.). Black, with a silvery blue gloss. Palpi in front, brachyptera
frons laterally white. Legs spotted yellow, spurs white. Abdomen on the 4th segment beneath with a white
band. Forewing hyaline, at the margins and cross-vein bluish-black, at the apex the marginal band broader.

Hindwing corresponding to forewing. 16 mm. Gold Coast.

23. Genus: Alonina Wkr.

Palpi long porrect, hairy excepting last joint. Antennae in the middle thicker, crenulate. Hind tibiae
densely haired, tarsi very long. Fore wing before the apex bent, veins 4 and 5 from the same place, 7 + 8
stalked, 9, 10 and 11 near the cell-angle. In the hindwing veins 4, 5 and 6, 7 near the angles, 8 near 7. Beneath
on the forewing in the cell near the base a little hollow. Type: rynchiiformis Wkr.

A. rynchiiformis Wkr. Busty red. Antennae and legs reddish. Anal tuft reddish-yellow. Hind tibiae rynchii-
black with a red streak near the base, spurs white. Forewing hyaline, costal margin reddish, the narrow cross¬
vein inside violet, otherwise reddish, like the distal margin, too. $ 26 mm. Natal.

A. difformis Hmps. Body dark brown mixed with reddish-yellow. Anal tuft fiery red. Antennae and difformis.
palpi reddish-yellow. Anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi orange, hind tibiae black, their ends and the tarsi
reddish-yellow, spurs white. Fore wing hyaline yellow, veins, margins, cross- vein coppery brown, marginal
band at apex broader. Hindwing hyaline yellowy veins reddish-yellow, in the interior area black. Distal margin
black. In the $ the antennal base is brown. Abdomen with a grey dorsal line and anal segment. Forewing
golden yellow, at the costal margin as far as the centre and at the inner margin narrower black. Distal margin
somewhat broader blackish-brown. Hindwing at the base black, in and behind the cell somewhat orange,
otherwise as in the + 44 -48 mm. Natal.

A. longipes Holl. (77 e). Palpi, antennae and body black. Tibiae and tarsi orange, margined with black, longipes.
Wings black, hindwing at the apex with a blue gloss, at the inner margin below the cell somewhat hyaline.

G 55 mm. Ogowe.

semimar-

ginaia.

callosoma.

gigantipes.

obscura.

xantho-

pyga.

oberthiiri.

bicincta.

528 PEDALONINA; MEGALOSPHECIA; METASPHEGIA; CALLISPHECIA. By M. Gaede.

24. Genus: Pedalonina gen. nov.

Proboscis stunted, palpi projecting obliquely. Antennae absent. Hind tibiae and tarsi as long as in
Megalosphecia, but only very slightly haired. In the forewing veins 2 and 3 close together, 4 — 6 separated,
7 4 8 on a long stalk, 9 and 10 near the upper cell-angle, 11 farther inward. In the hindwing veins 3 4- 5
slightly stalked, 6 below the upper cell-angle.

P. semimargir.afa sp. n. (77 e). Body dark red, abdomen on the sides with a grevish-yellow spot, beneath
light brown with a bluish-black spot near the base. Palpi and middle tibiae rusty yellow, tarsi black. Hind
tibiae and tarsi bluish-black. Tibiae at the ends with a rusty yellow spot. Forewing almost to the cross-vein
hyaline, the cross-vein orange. Behind it the distal marginal half is yellow. Hindwing at the apex broad black
with blue scales. Under surface the same. $ 32 mm. East Africa. Type in the Berlin Museum.

25. Genus: Megalosphecia Le Cerf.

Proboscis normal, palpi long and obliquely projecting. Antennae long, in the middle thicker. Hind
tibiae and especially the tarsi very long, the former hairy. In the forewing veins 2 and 3 near together, 4 more
remote, 5 below the middle of the cross-vein, 7 + 8 + 9 stalked, 10 close next to it, 11 far inward. In the
hindwing veins 3 and 4 from the same place, 5 above the middle of the cross-vein, 6 and 7 united, 8 near 7.
Besides 3 inner-marginal veins. Type: gigantipes Le Cerf.

M. callosoma Hmps. Head and tegulae yellowish-red, thorax brown, margins of patagia and thorax
behind red, behind it ochreous hair. On the abdomen the 1st segment black with yellow hairs, the others with
black and red bands and yellow marginal lines, beneath black except the yellowish-red anal segment. Anterior
and middle legs yellowish-red, hind tibiae black with a yellowish-red streak, tarsi pale yellow. Forewing
hyaline, veins greyish-black and fiery red. Costal margin as far as the cell-end fiery red, then black. In the.
cell fiery red streaks. Cross-vein black, margined with red, especially inside. Below the costal margin behind
the cell and at the inner margin a red streak. Margin brownish-black. Hindwing hyaline. Beneath both wings
somewhat red at the margin and veins. £ 40 mm. Rhodesia.

M. gigantipes Le Cerf (77 e). Thorax greenish-black. Patagia margined with orange. Palpi and legs
orange with few black places. Abdomen bluish-black. Forewing brownish-black, hindwing black, at the distal
margin somewhat hyaline, with a blue gloss. Sometimes the palpi are brown, the patagia not margined with
orange — obscura Le Cerf , but also the antennae may be orange instead of blackish. 65 mm. Sierra Leone,
Cameroon.

26. Genus: Metasphecia Le Cerf.

Proboscis normal, palpi moderately long. Antennae short, at the ends thickened. Tibiae strong,
hairless, tarsi short. In the forewing veins 2 and 3 from the same place, 4 near 3, 5 and 6 below the upper
angle, 7 T 8 on a very long stalk, 10 and 11 distantly separated at the base. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4
on a short stalk, 6 and 7 united. 3 inner-marginal veins.

M. xanthopyga Aur. (= vuilleti Le Cerf) (77 e). Blackish brown. Frons and palpi excepting tips white.
Legs black with few yellow places. Thorax with 3 yellowish-white spots. Abdomen almost to the middle black,
near the base with a yellow lateral spot, the rest above and beneath lemon-coloured. Both wings narrowly
margined with black. On the forewing the costal margin outside and the cross-vein somewhat stronger. 30 mm.
Senegal, Adamaua.

27. Genus: Clalli.S|ilieeiii Le Cerf.

Proboscis normal, palpi hairy. Antennae longer, at the ends thicker. Hind tibiae inside densely haired.
In the forewing veins 2 and 3 from the same place, 7 free, but 8 + 9 stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 + 4 on
a short stalk.

C. oberthiiri Le Cerf (77 f). Similar to xanthopyga. Thorax without light spots. Hind tarsi and anal
end of abdomen moi'e reddish-yellow. Beneath on the abdomen yellow spots as far as the base, but the lateral
spot is absent. $ 38 mm. Cameroon.

C. bicincta Le Cerf (77 f). Brownish-black. Erons somewhat white. Palpi yellow. Beside the base
of the wing on the thorax a white dot. Abdomen on the 4th and 5th segments with yellowish-white margins,
beneath with a yellow middle stripe. Hind tibiae black with some yellow, hind tarsi yellow, forewing hyaline,
very narrowly margined with blackish-brown, the cross-vein slightly broken, beneath with a reddish costal
margin. Hindwing very finely margined. $ 28 mm. Cameroon.

Publ. 12. XI. 1929.

MELITTIA. By M. Gaede.

28. Genus: Melittla Hbn.

529

Proboscis normal, palpi short-haired. Antennae at the ends very thick, in the $ finely dentate. Posterior
tibiae and especially the tarsi humblebee-like long-haired. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 stalked, the others at
about equal distances. In the hindwing veins 2, 3, 4 distantly separated, 5 in the middle of the cross-vein,

6 + 7 long-stalked. Most of the species exhibit the hyaline forewing broadly margined with dark, particularly
at the apex, with a broad cross- vein. On the hindwing the margin is narrow, the cross-vein little marked. In
the last species the forewing and also part of the hindwing is not hyaline, for which reason they look somewhat
different. Type: bombyliformis Cr. from India.

M. haematopis Fawc. (77 f) differs much from the other species. Head red-brown, thorax and abdomen haematopis.
white, the latter with brown segmental margins and hemochrome spots on each segment . Legs brown. Posterior
tibiae thinly white-haired, with black and red tufts. Forewing not hyaline, yellowish-brown or reddish-brown,
in the cell hemochrome scales. Hindwing hyaline, with a blue gloss. 26 — 34 mm. East Africa.

M. pyropis limps. Head mixed witli white, abdomen above brown with white segmental margins, the pyropis.
5th segment all white, beneath white. Hind tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown, mixed with black, outside with
2 white spots on the tibia and 1 on the tarsus. Hair inside blackish-brown. Forewing hyaline, the dark areas
with reddish-yellow scales, the cross-vein with fiery red scales. Hindwing at the inner margin orange. $ 42 mm.

Central and South Africa.

M. oedipus Oberth. Thorax olive green, abdomen blackish with white segmental margins, the 4th oedipus.
segment white, abdomen beneath all white. Hind tibiae and tarsi black with white patches. On the forewing
the inner margin and the edges of the cross-vein with red scales. On the hindwing the black inner margin
with white scales. East Africa. The type was a very rare form. Normal specimens: = ignidiscata limps. (77 f) ignidiscata.
are much more scaled red on the forewings (Oberthur’s figure shows no red colouring at all). Abdomen above
only with fine white segmental margins, the hyaline areas yellowish, ab. thoracalis Strd. lias a brownish thor- thoracalis.
ax, the hyaline areas being clear. East Africa. Rhodesia, Transvaal.

M, chakonota Hmps. (= oedipoides Strd., congoana Le Cerf) (77 f). Similar to oedipus. The front hairs chalconota.
on the posterior tibiae are slightly brownish. Fore wing at the base with yellowish-brown spots, the veins in
the marginal area are light. 32 — 36 mm. Gold Coast, Cameroon, Congo District, East Africa. Presumably
only a form of oedipus.

In the following species the inner margin of the hindwing is very narrowly black.

M. brevicornis Aur. (77 f). Palpi with long grey hairs. The distal hyaline area on the forewing extremely brevicornis.
narrow, the wedge-shaped area and the longitudinal area also shortened. At the cross-vein and before the
distal margin dusted with bluish-white. Posterior tibiae in front above with small brown spots, the rest covered
with blackish hair. Abdomen on the 4th segment margined with white, beneath all white. 22 mm. Cameroon.

M. auriplumia Hmps. (= laboissierei Le Cerf) (77 f). Similar to brevicornis . The exterior hyaline area auriplumia.
almost circular, the two other hyaline areas well developed. Abdomen with fine white segmental margins,
beneath yellowish- white. Posterior tibiae below black, outside brown and reddish, above as far as the middle
dingy yellow, outside with 3 white spots. 26 mm. Congo District, Uganda.

M. usambara Le Cerf (77 f) is somewhat larger than brevicornis, with broader wings. The distal hyaline usambara.
area on the forewing only composed of 4 very short small areas. Hindwing at the inner margin with pale blue
hairs. Posterior tarsi not hairy to the ends, posterior tibiae black, outside with white hairs. $ 30 mm. Usambara.

M. boullefi Le Cerf (77 g). Olive green, only the 3 last abdominal segments above blackish. Palpi olive boulleti.
green. Forewing only very narrowly margined with blackish, the cross- vein also narrow. At the distal margin
near the apex a few white scales. Hindwing at the inner margin greyish-brown. Hind tibiae at the base black,
in the middle outside dingy yellow, at the ends with reddish tips. Tarsi black, above inside with reddish hair-
tips on the two first joints. According to the figure with Oberthur, however, quite unicoloured olive green.

$ 35 mm. Delagoa Bay.

M. laniremis Wllgr. Body violettish-black, the segmental margins on the abdomen yellow. Forewing laniremis.
hyaline with blackish-brown margins and cross-vein. Hindwing very finely margined witli dark. Hind legs
yellow, white and black. 37 mm. Cape Colony.

M. aethiopica Le Cerf (77 g). Olive black. Abdomen above with fine white segmental margins, below aethiopica.
white with 4 black dots near the base, anal tuft laterally white. On the forewing the cross-vein and the distal
margin broadly olive black. At the centre of the distal margin bluish-white scales. Hyaline areas separated.

Hindwing narrowly margined, inner margin not scaled. Hind tibiae basallv black, with long white hairs above,
in the middle blackish brown and white, at the ends and the tarsi bluish-black with white patches, d 22 mm.

Abyssinia.

XIV 67

530

MELITTIA. By M. Gaede.

In the following species the inner margin of the hindwing is yellow-haired.

endoxantha. M. endoxantha Hmps. Thorax olive brown, abdomen blackish brown, laterally at the base with orange

hair, segmental margins white, under surface also white. Distal margin of the hyaline forewing broad, especially
at the apex, where it shows reddish-yellow scales inside and bluish-white ones before the distal margin. Cross-
vein inside and outside as well as the inner margin with reddish-yellow scales. Hindwing also at the cross-vein
with yellow scales. Hind tibiae with reddish-yellow and black hair, with a white spot at the middle and end.
Tarsi basally reddish-yellow and white, inside and at the end black. $ 34 mm. East Africa, Delagoa Bay.

chrysobapta. M. chrysobapta Hmps. Thorax olive golden, behind with yellow tufts. Abdomen at base golden yellow,

the other segments black with golden segmental margins and metallic glossy hair. Beneath yellowish-white
with golden yellow lateral tufts. Wings hyaline yellow. Eorewing with yellow and reddish-yellow scales at the
narrow margins, the cross-vein also narrow. Hind tibiae with yellow and black bands, in front with reddish-
yellow hair. Tarsi black, on the basal joint somewhat yellow and reddish-yellow in front, at the end white.
<3 40 mm. Rhodesia.

ursipes. M. ursipes Wkr. Head somewhat white. Tegulae and patagia edged with white. Abdomen violettish-

black with white segmental margins, beneath whitish. The black margins of the wings with reddish-yellow
scales. Hind legs rusty red and black haired. Perhaps discernible by the white margins on the thorax according
to this description. 24 mm. Natal, East Africa.

victrix. M. vicfrix Le Cerf (77 g). body bronze brown, on the thorax darker, the segmental margins on the

abdomen greyish-brown with black dorsal dots, under surface white. Forewing with a rather broad black
distal margin and cross-vein. Margins scaled somewhat reddish, before the distal margin an angular pale blue
line of scales. Hindwing with an entirely hyaline inner margin. Hind tibiae black-haired below before and
behind the middle and inside, outside yellowish-brown, mixed a little with white above and at the end, behind
the first pair of spurs a white spot. The inner spurs all black, the outer ones behind yellowish- white. Tarsi
black-haired, on the basal joint below with a white spot. 9 abdomen black, on the first segment brown, the
second in front somewhat black, then yellowish- white, under surface greyish- white. Eorewing with a relatively
broad cross-vein, before the distal margin a twice bent bluish-white line of scales. Hindwing at the inner
margin with reddish golden hair. Tibiae with reddish-yellow hair, laterally inside at the base yellow, at the
end white. Tarsi black, outside reddish-yellow, the last joint yellow. 20 — 32 mm. Cameroon.

acosmeies. M. acosmetes Hmps. Thorax blackish-brown, with a bronze gloss. Eorewing with blackish-brown

margins, slightly dusted with white, cross-vein broad. Hind legs with black, reddish-yellow and white hairs,
tibiae with broad white scales before and behind the middle. 34 mm. Uganda.

rufodorsa. M. rufodorsa Hmps. Thorax red-brown, abdomen blackish-brown with yellowish-white segmental

margins, under surface white. Palpi white, antennae at the ends red-brown. Forewing with blackish-brown
margins. Wedge-shaped area and longitudinal area narrow and short, yellowish hyaline, the former at the end
split. Distal hyaline area large. Hindwing yellowish-hyaline. Margins fine blackish-brown, at the inner margin
somewhat yellow. Legs blackish-brown, red-brown and white. 32 mm. Cape Colony.

Hindwing at the inner margin blue- white.

amblyphaea. M. amblyphaea Hmps. Body red-brown with some white scales, vertex white, abdomen beneath

yellowish-white. Forewing with small yellowish hyaline areas, similar to brevicornis. The margins red-brown,
strewn with bluish-white scales, especially at the apex. Cross-vein almost triangular. Hindwing also yellowish
hyaline. $ 28 mm. East Africa.

Eorewing not or hardly hyaline.

lentisiriaia. M. lentistriata Hmps. Head greyish-brown, thorax olive green, abdomen blackish-brown, beneath

white. Eorewing blackish-brown. Below the centre of the cell a short hyaline area and behind the cell 4 tiny
short hyaline areas. Hindwing narrowly blackish-brown. Hind tibiae with black hair inside and at the end,
outside white with fiery red scales at the end. Tarsi black, the scales on the 1st joint outside fiery red, at
the base black, with white tips. 22 — 30 mm. East Africa.

xantho- M. xanthogaster Hmps. Body blackish-brown with a few white scales. Abdomen beneath yellow.

(jester. Antennal shaft above yellow. Eorewing blacldsh-brown with some bluish- white scales. Distal hyaline area
composed of 3 or 4 short areas. Hindwing at the inner margin with silvery blue scales. Legs blacldsh-brown.
Hind tibiae and tarsi with somewhat reddish-brown hair, the tibiae also with white scales.

aenescens. M. aenescens Btlr. Thorax golden yellow, with a green gloss, abdomen blackish-blue with golden

yellow segmental margins. Antennae above bluish-black, below straw-coloured, in front rusty red. Eorewing
blackish-blue with a small hyaline spot above vein 3. Hindwing hyaline. Hind legs black. Hind tibiae with
black, red and white hair. Tarsi outside black, inside white. 37 mm. Central Africa.

natalensis. M. natalensis Btlr. may be the same species as aenescens. Thorax greenish-brown, abdomen blackish-

brown, the segmental margins with greyish- white scales. Legs as in aenescens. Antennae below and at the ends

LENYRA; ECHIDGNATHIA. By M. Gaede.

531

outside rusty red. Forewing dark chocolate hindwing margined with dark chocolate. Besides on the forewing
the same hyaline spot as in aenescens, hindwing at the inner margin with blue scales.

M. occidental Le Gerf (77 g). Forewing purely black, not chocolate-brown. This will probably be occidental™.
the case also in all the fresh specimens of natalensis. Above the small hyaline spot mostly a small hyaline dot
besides. 36 — 38 mm. Togo, Congo District, Uganda, Rhodesia, East Africa, Delagoa Bay.

M. ruficincta FI dr. Thorax and forewing blackish-brown, forewing with a red marginal line. Hindwing ruficincia.
hyaline. Cross-vein and distal margin fine black. Abdomen red with light segmental margins and large black
dorsal spots. The type is now without its abdomen and legs. 32 mm. Sudan.

M. aurociliata Aur. Head yellow. Thorax and abdomen damaged. Forewing greenish-black with aurociliata.
yellow scales, at the base of the costal margin a yellow spot. Hindwing with yellow and black margins. Fringes
in both wings yellow. Hind tibiae and tarsi black, outside yellow, tarsi with white rings. 24 mm. South-
West Africa.

M. ectothyris Hmps. Head and tegulae orange. Thorax and abdomen brown. Behind the tegulae and ectothyris.
at the patagia somewhat yellow, abdomen with an orange band on the 2nd segment and at the end. Fore wing
golden green with golden yellow scales. Hindwing brown with a blue gloss, before the margin hyaline. Fringes
of both wings greyish-brown. Hind legs blackish-brown, tibiae above excepting base and tarsi excepting ends
orange. 40 mm. Transvaal.

Mo aureosquamata Wllgr. (= houlberti Le Gerf ) (77 g). Head and thorax orange, abdomen black, aureosgua-
Forewing black, strewn with light scales. Hindwing with a greenish-blue gloss, with dark fringe. Hind tibiae mata.
and tarsi black, outside orange. 32 — 36 mm. Uganda, Central to South Africa.

M. abyssiniensis Hmps. (77 g). Head, tegulae and patagia in front orange. Thorax and abdomen black, abyssinien-
abdomen with a slight blue gloss. Wings black. Forewing with a green gloss, strewn with light scales. Hindwing SiS-

more glossy blue, the marginal area may be hyaline, with black veins. Legs as in aureosquamata . 34 — 38 mm.

Abyssinia.

The two following species resemble those mentioned last by the densely scaled forewing, but they
differ in other marks and are no genuine Melittia.

Mo iridisquama Mob. Thorax olive brown, abdomen bluish-black with long black hair on the two last iridisguama.
segments and white anal pencils. Hind tibiae reddish, outside somewhat white-haired like the end of the tarsi.

Palpi and chest yellow. Fore wing black, before the distal margin a band of blue scales, behind the centre a
small comma-shaped hyaline spot. Hindwing hyaline, distal margin reddish-black, inner margin with blue
hair. West Africa.

M. azrael Le Gerf (77 h). Body bronze black, with a blue gloss. Thorax in front orange-red. Hind azrael.
tibiae black with some white scales, but the tarsi only with thorns, without the usual long hair. Forewing bluish-
black with a few white scales. Hindwing the same and with a silvery white dot at the base of the wing.

$ 26 mm. Congo District.

29. Genus: lienyra Wkr.

Proboscis absent, palpi porrect. Hind tibiae hairy as in Melittia. In the forewing vein 2 nearing vein 3,

9 + 7 + 8 stalked, 10 and 11 near the angle. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 from the same place, 5 from
the centre of the cross-vein, 7 absent. Type: astaroth Westw. from India.

L. heckmanniae Aur. (77 h). Antennae and palpi apparently somewhat longer than in the genotype, lieckman-
Antennae reddish-brown. Body presumably bluish-black. Forewing with a slight steel-blue gloss, black,
towards the apex especially beneath somewhat copper-red , at the cross-vein an intense black spot. Hindwing
more intensely glossj^ blue. Hindlegs (absent now in the type) black-haired. $ 48 mm. Madagascar.

30. Genus: l^cliidgiiathia Hmps.

Proboscis stunted. Palpi shorter than usual, on the 2nd and 3rd joints with spinous hairs. Antennal
end thickened. Middle and hind tibiae on the spurs and tarsi at the end of the 1st joint with tufts of scales.
Abdomen with lateral tufts excepting the base. In the forewing veins 7 + 8 stalked, the others uniformly
separated. In the hindwing vein 3 nearer to 5 than to 2, 4 absent, 6 above the centre of the cross-vein.

E. vitrifasciata Hmps. Body dark brown, abdomen with yellowish- white segmental margins. Frons vitrifas-
and palpi partly white, like the abdomen beneath excepting the end. Tibiae and tarsi with tufts of red-brown Cla!
and black hair, tarsi with white rings. Forewing reddish and blackish-brown with white scales, especially in

obliquizona.

metasonata.

squamata.

rohani.

pyrocera.

ruficauda.

rufitibia.

bicolor.

532 THYRANTHRENE; NYCTAEGERIA; SURA. By M. Gaede.

the cell-end and at the distal margin. A black incomplete ring behind the cross-vein, filled with red-brown.
Before the margin a faded black line. Hindwing blackish-brown, dusted with white. The cell and the space
below it almost to the inner margin hyaline. $ 20 — 24 mm. Mashonaland.

31. Genus: Tliyraiitlireiie Hmps.

Proboscis stunted. Palpi normal, 1st and 2nd joints in front long-haired. Antennae of $ with distinct
pectinations. Tibiae and 1st joint of the hind tarsi rather long-haired. Abdomen as in Echiclgnathia. Neuration
the same. Type: obliquizona Hmps.

T. obliquizona limps. (77 h). Black, with a blue gloss, with yellow scales. Palpi yellow. Abdomen with
white lateral streaks. Forewing dark coppery brown with yellow scales. Wedge-shaped area short triangular,
distal hyaline area close behind the cross-vein narrow and oblicpie. Hindwing narrowly margined with coppery
brown, cross-vein broad dark. 24 mm. Rhodesia.

T. metazonata Hmps. Body blackish-brown. The first two palpal joints white and black, abdomen
with a white and ochreous line on the penultimate segment, anal tuft ochreous and white in the centre. Hind
tibiae above with pale brown and white hair, tarsi white. Abdomen beneath with brownish-white segmental
margins. In the forewing another short longitudinal area, behind the distal hyaline area as in obliquizona with
a row of hyaline white dots before the distal margin. Hindwing hyaline at the costal margin, behind the cell
and with marginal dots as in the forewing. Fringes of both wings red-brown. $ 26 mm. Natal.

T. squamata n. sp. (77 h). Body greenish-black. Palpi black-haired, the 3rd joint at the base white,
patagia in front rusty yellow. Abdomen on the 4th segment with a yellow band, behind finely margined with
white. At the end 4 lateral tufts, the first and last white, between them 2 black ones, beneath the band is
almost white. Anterior coxae white. Hind tibiae and tarsi blackish-brown, the latter with white rings, spurs
white. Forewing unicoloured brownish-black. Hindwing hyaline, cross-vein and costal margin brownish-
black. $ 26 mm. Nyassa District. Type in the Beilin Museum.

32. Genus: XyHaegeri?! Le Cerf.

Proboscis feeble. Palpi hairy except apically. Antennae long, with scarcely thickened ends. Middle
and hind tibiae hairy. In the forewing veins 2, 3, 4 equidistant, 7 + 8 stalked, 10 and 11 very near to each
other. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 from the same place, 3 inner-marginal veins are present. Thorax behind
and the base of the abdomen with hair-tufts.

N. rohani Le Cerf. Body sooty black and brownish black. Forewing bronze black, turning yellow
towards the cross-vein. Costal and distal margins darker. Cross-vein with a roof-shaped marking. Hindwing
pale ochreous, more densely scaled at the cross-vein in front and at the anal angle. Marginal line bronze black.
Middle and hind tibiae sooty black, tarsi and spurs yellow. $ 30 mm. Angola.

33. Genus: Siai*a Whr.

Proboscis stunted. Palpi normal. Antennal ends thickened. Hind tibiae slightly thickened, bare, tarsi
short. In the forewing all the veins not stalked, in the hindwing veins 3 and 4 from the same place, 5 from
the centre of the cross-vein, 7 absent. Type: xylocopiformis Whr.

All the species with a black body and forewing, with a more or less blue or blue-green metal gloss.

S, pyrocera Hmps. Antennae and palpi fiery orange. Head, patagia, and anal tuft partly orange.
Tibiae and tarsi fiery orange. Hindwing with a hyaline band in the cell, below it hyaline as far as the inner
margin and yet a little behind the cell above and below vein 6. The two last spots may also be absent. $
26 — 30 mm. Central Africa, Delagoa Bay.

S. ruficauda Bothsch. (77 h). Head and palpi dark brown. The last segment of the abdomen and the
anal tuft orange-red. Hindwing predominantly hyaline, only between veins 2 and 4 more densely scaled.
30 mm. East Africa.

S. rufitibia Hmps. Palpi in the terminal halves in front red-brown. Anal tuft above orange except at
the base. Hind tibiae above red -brown, spurs white. Hindwing similar to pyrocera. On the inner margin the
hyaline area only in the middle. £ 40 mm. Niger District.

S. bicolor Le Cerf (= xylocopiformis Le Cerf). <+ Only the last abdominal segment and the anal tuft
orange, all the rest glossy green. On the hindwing below the cell a small hyaline spot. $. Abdominal end
beneath not orange, on the hindwing also in the base of the cell another small hyaline spot. 31 — 39 mm. Transvaal.

CRYPTOMIMA; PSEUDOMELITTIA; PARANTHRENE. By M. Gaede.

533

S. xylocoplformis Wlcr. (77 h). Exactly as bicolor, but the abdominal end not orange, tibia! spurs xylocopi-
white. 28 mm. Natal. for mis.

S. ellenbergeri Le Gerf (77 i). Body black. Wings black, with a green gloss, without a hyaline spot, ellenbergeri.
Antennae above in the terminal halves white. Proboscis exceptionally normal. 22 mm. Ogowe.

Sc melanochalcia Le Gerf (77 i). Body bluish-black. Wings greenish-black. Hindwing at the inner melanochal-
margin somewhat brownish. Antennae above bluish-black, not white. $ 25 mm. Rhodesia, Delagoa Bay.

34. Genus: Cryptomlma Btlr.

Proboscis feeble. Palpi oblique. Antennae long, behind the middle feebly thickened. Hind tibiae
with 2 unequal pairs of spurs, 1st tarsal joint very long and thick. Abdomen with a long appendage. In the
forewing veins 2 and 3, 10 and 11 close together, 7 + 8 stalked. In the hindwing veins 3 and 5 from the lower
cell-angle, 6 below the upper angle.

Cr, hampsoni Btlr. (77 h). Glossy steel-blue, antennal tips and one ring on the abdomen beneath white, hampsoni.
Eorewing with a short hyaline streak in the base of the cell and below it. The oval distal hyaline area brownish,
only semi-diaphanous. Hindwing with a hyaline spot at the base. 30 — 35 mm. Cameroon. Ogowe, Uganda.

35. Genus: Pseudomelittia Le Gerf.

By the legs similar to the genus Melittia. Antennae longer, thinner. In the fore wing vein 4 nearer
to 5 than to 3, 7 + 8 stalked on half their length, 10 and 11 distantly separated at the base. In the hindwing
veins 3 and 4 from the same place, 5 from the middle of the cross- vein, 7 absent. Type : berlandi Le Gerf.

P. andraersipennis Wlcr. Thorax and forewing brown, abdomen black with white segmental margins, andraeni-
Forewing with a black cross- vein and apex, hindwing hyaline. Hind tibiae with pale red spots in the hair. pennis.
18 mm. Cape Colony.

P. berlandi Le Gerf (77 i). Blackish-brown. Palpi and antennae outside white, head with white and berlandi.
yellow places. Thorax in front with a yellow line, at the base of the forewing with a white dot. Abdomen
laterally with white scales, anal tuft below reddish-yellow. Eorewing hyaline, with a steel-blue gloss, narrowly
margined with dark brown, cross- vein broad, distal hyaline area with yellow scales at its interior edge. Hindwing
narrowly margined. Hind tibiae bluish black, above with 2 reddish-yellow spots, beside them white and yellow
spots, spurs in front yellowish- white. Tarsi reddish-yellow and white with a black terminal joint. J 24 mm.

East Africa.

Po cingulata n. sp. (77 i). Body black. Frons and the 2nd and 3rd palpal joints in front white, the cingulata.
rest black. Antennae preapically above red-brown. Anterior coxae and tarsi whitish yellow. Hind tibiae and
tarsi as in berlandi. Abdomen on the 2nd and 4th segments with broad, on the 7th narrower yellow bands,
beneath the last segments finely edged with white. Forewing similar as in the species of Monopetalotaxis, cross¬
vein outside red like the apex at veins 7 and 8. Cross-vein of hindwing in front black. $ 20 mm. Benue District.

Type in the Berlin Museum.

36. Genus: Parantlirene Hbn. (Sciapteron Stdgr.)

Palpi thin, erect, proboscis stunted. Antennae of and $ ciliated, without the apical pencil. Tibiae
hairless, spurs long and thin. In the forewing veins 2 and 3 close together, 7 + 8 stalked. In the hindwing
as in Pseudomelittia. Type: tabaniformis Bolt, from Europe.

I. Antennae of $ shortly bipectinate.

P. propyria Hmps. Head and tegulae reddish-yellow. Thorax black, patagia at the end reddish- propyria.
yellow. Abdomen bluish-black, anal tuft reddish-yellow and black. Hind tibiae and tarsi reddish-yellow, spurs
white. Forewing hyaline. Costal margin fiery red, median vein black and red, cross- vein broad red, margined
with black. A short hyaline streak above the base and veins 7, 8. Distal margin as far as below vein 6 red.

Hindwing narrowly margined with black, beneath at the costal margin red. <$ 40 mm. Rhodesia.

In the other species the forewing is not hyaline, but black with a metal gloss.

P. anthrax Le Gerf (77 h). Body dull black. Antennae apically below red-brown. Forewing bluish- anthrax.
black. Hindwing below the cel) as far as vein 2 hyaline, above it only in the distal third, the rest bluish-
black. $ 40 mm. Sierra Leone.

P. thalassina Hmps. Body black, with a bluish-green gloss, frons and palpi partly white. Forewing thalassina.
bluish-green, at the distal margin with a violet gloss. Hindwing bronze green. Distal margin from vein 5 to

534

PYPvANTHRENE ; HOMOGYNA. By M. Gaede.

the centre of the inner margin hyaline. In the $ the patagia are somewhat orange. Forewing also at the distal
margin and the hindwing glossy blue. 40 mm. Central Africa.

clialcochlora. P. clialcochlora Hmps. Body black, with a bluish-green gloss. Palpi on the 2nd joint and the tibial

spurs above white. Forewing with a dark green gloss, veins golden green. Hindwing with an intense golden
green gloss. Distal margin hyaline, narrowly below the apex, below vein 2 as far as the centre of the wing.
$ 44 mm. Rhodesia.

xanthopyga ■ P. xanthopyga Hmps. Somewhat more variegated. Palpi and antennal tips below red-brown. Abdomen

at the end orange. Hind tibiae at the ends red-brown, spurs white. Wings with a greenish-blue gloss, hind wing
below the cell hyaline. $ 28 to 40 mm. East Africa, Uganda.

II. Antennae of G ciliated. Abdomen writh a strong anal tuft.

dylowskii. P. dybowskii Le Gerf (77 i). Body bluish-black. Frons and palpi somewhat white. On the thorax beside

the base of the forewing a white dot, apex of patagia yellow. Abdomen on the 2nd, 4th, 5th and 6th segments
with broad yellow rings, also beneath excepting the 2nd segment. Hind tibiae and tarsi with white rings.
Forewing hyaline, the margins glossy greyish-black, the cross-vein narrow, outside with yellow scales, the distal
margin broad. Hindwing very narrowly margined. Beneath the costal margin of the forewing is whitish-yellow.
$ 27 mm. Congo District.

africana. P. africana Le Gerf (77 i). Body black, with a slight steel-blue gloss. Palpi yellow, outside with a black

dot, frons with a white dot, thorax with yellow margins. Abdomen on the 1st, 2nd and 4th segments above
narrowly margined with yellow, beneath these segments are quite yellow. Legs yellow and black. Forewing
hyaline. Margins blackish brown, distal margin somewhat broader, cross-vein moon-shaped. Hindwing very
finely margined with dark. $ 26 mm. Togo.

cuprescens. P. cu prescens Hmps. Antennae below red-brown, frons laterally white. Palpi and ring around neck

yellow. Abdomen on the 2nd, 4th and 5th segments with incomplete yellow bands and spot before the anal
tuft, beneath on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th segments golden yellow with a spot behind them. Forewing above the
base of the inner margin fiery red. The cell and at the distal margin between the veins copper-red, apex
violettish-blue. Beneath golden yellow, at the base somewhat black. Hindwing above hyaline with fine black
margins, beneath at the costal margin golden yellow. $ 30 mm. Delagoa Bay.

xanthosoma. P. xanlhosoma Hmps. Ground-colour red-brown. Palpi in front yellow, legs red-brown and brown.

Abdomen golden yellow, at the base and end, as well as a dorsal and lateral line bluish-black. Forewing mixed
with yelloAv and copper-red. Hindwing hyaline, at the inner margin copper-red, otherwise margined with
reddish-brown, G 30 mm. Rhodesia, Uganda.

III. Antennae of G plain.

mesothyris. P mesothyris Hmps. Antennae below, palpi, part of vertex, and patagia nut-brown. Abdomen with

fine yellow margins on the 2nd, 4th and 6th segments, anal tuft fiery red in the middle and below'. Hind
tibiae and tarsi reddish nut-brown, spurs white. Forewing reddish nut-brown. At the base of the cell a black
spot with yellow scales. Wedge-shaped area yellow hyaline in the centre of the cell, distal hyaline area between
veins 8 and 5 small. Hindwing narrowly margined. Beneath the forewing shows yellow stripes, the hindwing
is only yellow at the costal margin as far as the cell-end. $ body less yellow. Forewing blackish-brown, not
hyaline. 30 — 32 mm. Natal. — In this species the anal tuft of the G is parted, in pythes not parted.
pythes. P„ pythes Drc. Black. Palpi and legs reddish-brown. ForeAving with a deep black spot at the cell-end.

Hindwing hyaline. 18 mm. South Africa.

sanguipen- P. sanguipemiis Meyr. Black. Palpi and legs black and white. Forewing orange-red, costal margin

ms- bluish-black, connected with the black spot of the cross-vein. Distal margin narrower black. Hindwing narrowly
margined with dark. Abdomen with a few white scales. Tegulae of $ with a red spot. 14 — 16 mm. Natal.

37. Genus: Pyrautlirene Hmps.

Proboscis stunted, antennal end thickened. Tibiae with small pencils on the spurs, tarsi very long,
with small pencils at the ends of the joints. In the forewing veins 7 and 8 united, all the others well separated.
In the hindwing vein 3 nearer to 5 than to 2, 4 absent, 6 from the centre of the cross- vein.

flammans. P„ flammans Hmps. Thorax black, prothorax and patagia, palpi partly and the abdomen fiery red,

only at the base black. Hind tibiae fiery red with some black, hind tarsi black and blue. Forewing fiery red,
at the base black. A black spot at the cross- vein above united with the copper-brown margin which is intro-
angular at vein 2. Hindwing fiery red. at the apex broad copper-brown, at the anal angle only narrow copper-
brown. G 28 mm. Central Africa.

38. Genus: liomo^yna Le Gerf-

Antennal ends strongly thickened, third palpal joint long. Hind tibiae thick, without a pencil. In the
forewing veins 7 + 8 stalked, all the veins equidistantly separated. Cross-vein in both Avings straight. In the
hindwing veins 2, 3 and 5 equidistantly separated, 6 beloAy the upper cell-angle. Type: alluaudi Le Gerf.

535

ANAUDIA; SIMILIPEPSIS. By M. Gaede.

H. ignivittata Hmps. Black. Vertex, frons and palpi somewhat white, on the thorax somewhat orange- ignivUiaia.
red. Abdomen with fine white margins on the 4th and 7th segments and at the anal tuft, beneath on the
4th segment broader white. Hind tibiae and tarsi black and white. Forewing suffused with grey, except at the
costal margin. At the base below the costal margin fiery red with a ray to the inner angle. A triangular red
spot from the centre of the cell to below the apex, interrupted by a small black spot at the cross-vein. Costal
margin near the apex white. Hindwing greyish black, in the cell and towards the inner margin hyaline. Beneath
the forewing is white at the costal margin as far as beyond the centre. G 18 mm- Transvaal, Natal.

H. xanthophora Hmps. Black. Palpi and frons laterally white. Abdomen in the middle above with xantho-
white scales, anal tuft above white, beneath on the abdomen a white median band. Forewing with faded yellow phora.
streaks at the base, a triangular spot in the cell and one behind it; between them the black spot of the cross¬
vein. Hindwing hyaline with a blackish-brown margin, the cross- vein in front black. £ 18 mm. Natal,

Cape Colony.

H. endopyra Hmps. (77 i). Body bluish-black, palpi, head and thorax with red patches. Abdomen endopyra.
above at the base with a red spot, anal tuft with a white and red streak, beneath with red segmental margins.

Hind tibiae with red rings. Forew ing dark copper-brown with a red band above the inner margin from the base
to the cell-end. At the cross-vein a round red spot. Hindwing with a copper-brown margin. $ 18 mm. Natal.

H. pyrophora Hmps. Thorax red-brown, frons laterally and the antennal base white, palpi predo- pyropliora.
minantly white. Abdomen blackish-brown, above on the 2nd, 4th and 6th segments with a creamy white band.

Forewing copper-brown. A triangular whitish-red spot in the cell intersected by a bar from the cross-vein,
a similar bar between veins 4 and 3. Hindwing hyaline above the inner margin and in the submedian fold
somewhat red. £ 28 mm. Natal.

H. alluaudi Le Cerf (77 k). Black. Palpi and antennae beneath yellow. Patagia with yellow tips. On alluaudi.
the hindwing the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 7th segments above margined with yellow, beneath only the 4th. Legs
yellow and black. Forewing with a yellow spot at the base and cross-vein. On the hindwing the dark margin
is broad, extending far inwards on the veins. 15 mm. East Africa.

H. saraguicosta Hmps. Thorax blackish-brown, vertex, palpi and antennae spotted white. Tegulae sanguicosta.
and patagia with red scales. Abdomen with white bands on the 4th and 5th segments, beneath all the segments
are margined with red and the anal tuft is red, too. Spurs and posterior tarsi white, excepting the 1st joint.

Forewing glossy green, costal margin and inner margin red as far as behind the centre. Hindwing glossy green,
in the $ in the base of the cell and a little below it hyaline, in the $ more extensively so. Beneath the costal
margin of both wings white, at the inner margin of the forewing a red streak and a white one. 26 mm.

Cameroon, Rhodesia.

H. spadicicorpus Prout. Thorax bluish-black, frons and palpi somewhat white. Abdomen nut-brown, spadicicor-
the segments margined with white, beneath at the base black, 4th segment white, the following segments vus'

margined with black. Anal tuft below orange brown. Forewing black, with a bluish-green gloss. Hindwing
finely margined with dark, q 25 mm. Rhodesia.

H. albicincfa Hmp.s. The white segmental margins on the abdomen above on the 2nd, 4th and 6th, albicinda.
beneath on the 3rd and 4th segments. Hind tibiae predominantly white. Fore wing blackish-brown with few
white scales behind the cell. Hindwing hyaline, at the ajiex somewhat more broadly margined with black.

2 24 mm. Central Africa.

39. Genus: AataiuSki Wllgrn.

Antennal ends thickened. Proboscis stunted. Hind tibiae scaled, tarsi bare. In the forewing all the
veins not stalked, in the hindwing veins 4 and 5 stalked.

A. feideri Wllgr. Thorax black with 2 light longitudinal lines, palpi, frons and antennae below white, felderi.
Abdomen black, with a fine white ring, posterior tibiae with a white spot. Wings blackish-brown, fore wing
distally dusted with grey. 20 mm. Betchuanaland.

40. Genus: Slmilipepsis Le Cerf.

Proboscis normal. The 2nd palpal joint with a long drooping hair-tuft, obliquely projecting. Antennae
before the middle stronger, finely dentate and ciliated. In the forewing vein 6 is absent, 7 + 8 is stalked. In
the hindwing vein 2 far towards the base, 3 and 4 slightly separated, 5 from the centre of the cross-vein, 7
absent. Abdomen wrasp-like. Type: violacea Le Cerf.

S. typica Strd. (77 k). Blackish-brown. Abdomen at the narrow base laterally white. Tibial spurs typica.
with a few red hairs. Forewing in the anterior half brownish- violet, the cross- vein with a black streak. The
rest and the hindwing purely hyaline. 30 mm. Spanish Guinea.

S. violaceus Le Cerf (77 k). Violettish-black. On the abdomen the 3rd and 5th segmental margins violaceu s.
above and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd beneath white. Forewing with a fine hyaline ray above the base of the inner
margin and 2 small postcellular streaks near the inner margin. Hindwing very hyaline. 16 mm. Congo District.

53 C

CONOPSIA; TRICHOCEROTA ; PROAEGERIA; ADIXOANA. By M. Gaede.

aurea

termin i-
flava.

bt color.

lamborneUa

vouauxi.

aurvpyga.

S. aurea n. sp. (77 k). Similar to violacea. The 2nd palpal joint at the apex white, a streak before the
antennae also white. Abdomen above, excepting the base, dark golden yellow, tarsi with somewhat yellow
rings. In the glossy blue forewing only a short hyaline basal ray. Hindwing above vein 2 as far as its base
bluish-black, below 1 c as far as the inner margin on half its length bluish-black. C 22 mm. Cameroon. Type
in the Berlin Museum.

41. Genus: Gouopsfa Strd.

Palpi thin, oblique. The type is without the proboscis and antennae. In the forewing vein 4 is
absent, in the hindwing 2, 3, 4 separated, 5 above the centre of the cross-vein, 6 and 7 united. The hair-
tufts on the spin’s and on the 1st tarsal joint feeble. Abdomen somewhat wasp-like.

C. terminiflava Strd. (77 k). Body and legs rusty red. Abdomen above on the 3rd and 4th segments
black, beneath on the whole length whitish and with some white lateral dots. Hind tarsi black. Wings violettish-
black. Forewing at the apex as far as the anal angle yellow. 30 mm. Cameroon.

42. Genus: Tricliocerota Hmps.

Proboscis normal, palpi thin, porrect. Antennae before the middle stronger, in the <$ ciliated. In the
forewing vein 4 is absent, all the other veins separated. In the hindwing veins 2 and 3 from the same place,
5 from the centre of the cross-vein, 6 and 7 from the upper cell-angle. Type: ruficincta Hmps. from India.

T. bicolor Le Cerf (77 k). Much stouter than the genotype. Body and legs reddish-yellow. Forewing
bronze black, with a slight greenish gloss, at the base reddish-yellow. Hindwing hyaline, margin broad brownish-
black, at the inner margin reddish-yellow. $ 18 mm. Dahomey.

T. lambornella Durr. Bluish-black. Forewing without any hyaline places or spots, beneath more
violet. Hindwing sooty black, in the cell, a little behind it and below it hyaline. Between veins 2 and 3 the
dark broad margin projects a little farther inward. $ 28 mm. Niger District.

43. Genus: l*roaegeria Le Cerf.

Proboscis normal. Palpi on the 1st and at the base of the 2nd joint with a hair-tuft. Antennae
gradually thickening towards the ends. Legs hairless. In the forewing all the veins are separated, 11 arising
far from 10, then nearing it. In the hindwing veins 3 and 4 from the lower cell-angle, 7 absent.

P. vouauxi Le Cerf (77 k). Body blackish-brown, the terminal half of the abdomen and the centre
below orange, legs orange, black and yellow. Forewing bluish-black, below the cell at the base a hyaline ray.
Hindwing yellowish-hyaline. 28 mm. Cameroon.

44. Genus: Aclixoana Strd.

A somewhat questionable Aegeriid. Palpi very long, also the 3rd joint long. Hind tibiae slightly
thickened, spurs of very unequal length. In the forewing veins 6, 7 and 8, 9 somewhat nearer together, ail
the veins not stalked. 1 1 arising far towards the base. In the hindwing veins 2 and 3 far back, 4, 5 and 6
close together.

A. auripyga Strd. (77 k). Thorax black, frons and 3rd palpal joint at the base white, abdomen above
with a light copper gloss, the first 2 rings broader black, the others finely margined, anal tuft yellow, beneath
yellowish-red. Forewing in the cell somewhat hyaline. Costal margin golden red with black spots. Median
vein and the area below its end more intensely black. The cross-vein and 2 stripes proceeding fork-like from
its centre black. Between them and at the distal margin reddish-yellow spots. Hindwing at the apex somewhat
more broadly margined with black, at the inner margin golden red hairs. $ 21 mm. Spanish Guinea.

Glaucopis iridea Mob. from Staudinger’s Collection was among the Sesiidae of the Berlin Museum.
The species belongs to the Zygaenidae, but it was omitted there, because without having seen the type one
could not form any opinion about its systematic position.

Publ. 14. XL 1929.

Alphabetical List of the African Aegeriidae.

537

Alphabetical List

of the African forms of Aegeriiclae with references to the original descriptions.

* signifies that the form is also figured at the place quoted.

abdominalis Loph. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 69.
abyssiniensis Mel. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, 95.
acosmetes Mel. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 86.
aenea Aen. Le Cerf Bull. S. E. Fr. 1912, p. 291.
aenescens Mel. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896.
aethiopica Mel. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 227. *
africana Macr. Beutenm. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 7, p. 170.
africana Par. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 325. *
albieinct.a Horn. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 112.
albifrons Epis. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 151.
albifrons Syn. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 151.
albiventris Con. Beutenm. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 7, p. 171.
albomaculata Hym. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 284.
alenicola Loph. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (12), p. 67.
alenicum Con. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (12), p. 70.
alluaudi Horn. Le Cerf Bull. Mus. Paris 17, p. 303. *
amblyphaea Mel. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 86.
amorpha Cham. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 67.
andraenipennis Pseud. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 8, p. 69.
anthrax Par. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 270. *
aurea Sim. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 536. *
aureosquamata Mel. Wllgrn. Wien. Ent. Mon. 7, p. 137.
auripes Syn. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 152.
auripicta Cam. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 80 A (1), p. 48.
auriplumia Mel. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 506.
auripyga Adix. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (12), p. 69.
aurociliata Mel. Aur. Oef. Vet. Ak. Fork. 36 (7), p. 47.
auronitens Tip. Le Cerf Bull. S. E. Fr. 1913, p. 212. *
azrael Mel. Le Cerf Bull. S. E. Fr. 1914, p. 61. *

berlandi Pseud. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 241. *
bicincta Call. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 369. *
bicolor Sura Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 271.
bicolor Trich. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 372. *
bifenestrata Syn. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 521. *
bouleti Mel. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 222. *
brachyptera Sphec. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 77.
brevicornis Mel. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 2 (12), p. 43.
brillians Cham. Beutenm. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 7, p. 172.

callosoma Meg. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 78.
candescens Mon. Fldr. Reise Novara Taf. 82, 23.
cerceris Vesp. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 330.
chalciphora Mon. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 59.
clialeochlora Par. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 101.
chalconota Mel. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 149.
chalybea Epis. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 2 (12), p. 45.
chalypsa Cham. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 67.
chrysobapta Mel. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 86.
chrysopasta Cham. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 65.
clatkrata Cham. Le Cerf Lep. comp. 14, 372.
cingulata Pseud. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 533. *
congoana Mel. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 172. *
critheis Cham. Drc. Arm. Mag. Nat. Plist. (7) 4, p. 202.
cuprescens Par. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 106.
cyanescens Con. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 505. *

difformis Alon. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 78.
doleriformis Mon. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 8, p. 56.
donkieri Con. Le Cerf Bull. S. E. Fr. 1912, p. 55. *
dybowskii Par. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 324.

ectothyris Mel. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 94.
ellenbergeri Sura, Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 319. *
elymais Cham. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 4, p. 202.
endopyra Horn. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 151.
endoxantha Mel. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 85.
erythromma Syn. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 60.
ethiopica Cham. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 68.
exochiformis Syn. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 58.

felderi An. Wllgrn. Wien. Ent. Mon. 7, p. 138.
festiva Tip. Beutenm. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 7, p. 170.
flammans Pyr. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 110.

XIV

flammipes Tip. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 153.
flavicincta Epis. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 55.
flavifrons Tip. Holt. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 1, p. 183.
flavipalpis Syn. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 505.
flavipectus Con. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 155. *
fulvipes Cham. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 506.

gabuna Con. Beutenm. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 7, p. 170.
gigantipes Con. Ze Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 360. *
gracilis Con. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 155.
grandidieri Tip. Ze Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 341. *
guineabia Con. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (12), p. 68.

haematopis Mel. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 736. *
hampsoni Crypt. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1902, p. 50. *
liaugi Tip. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 343. *
heckmanniae Len. Aur. Madagask., p. 342. *
heliostoma Cham. Meyr. Exot. Microl. 3, p. 267.
hilariformis Cham. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 8, p. 57.
hombergi Rod. Le Cerf Bull. S. E. Fr. 1911, p. 92.

ignivittata Horn. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 110.
iridescens Gryp. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 53.
iridisquama Mel. Mab. Ann. S. E. Fr. (6) 10, p. 31.
iris Con. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 308.

lambornella Trich. Durr. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1913, p. 513.
laniremis Mel. Wllgrn. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 41.
latimargo Aen. Ze Cerf Bull. S. E Fr. 1912, p. 292.
lentistriata Mel. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 93.
leucocera Cham. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 66.
leucogaster Con. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 76.
leucopleura Cham. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 67.
leucozonipus Crin. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896, p. 276.
longipes Alon. Holl. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 1, p. 183.

maculiventris Con. Ze Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 304. *
malimba Tip. Beutenm. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 7, p. 172.
marisa Hyp. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 4, p. 205.
melanochalcia Sura, Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 319. *
mesochoriformis Syn. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 8, p. 56.
mesothyris Par. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 107.
metazonata Thyr. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 97.
microthyris Macr. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 58.
modesta Epis. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 349. *
monozona Con. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 156.

natalensis Mel. Btlr. Ami. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 14, p. 411.
nigriceps Tip. Limps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 57.
nobilis Euch. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 401.
nuba Con. Beutenm. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 7, p. 172.
nyanga Syn. Beutenm. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 7, p. 171.

oberthiiri Call. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 367.
obliquizona Thyr. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 506. *
obscura Meg. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 361. *
occidentalis Mel. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 167.
ochracea Cham. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 31, p. 10.
oedipus Mel. Oberth. Et. Ent. 3, p. 30. *
olenda Con. Beutenm. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 7, p. 171.
opalimargo Tip. Le Cerf Bull. Soc. E. Fr. 1913. p. 167. *

pauper Con. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 350.

perlucida Epis. Le Cerf Bull. Mus. Paris 17, p. 306.

pictipes Lep. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 54.

platyuriformis Con. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 8, p. 57.

propyria Par. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 101.

pyrethra Syn. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 59.

pyrocera Sura Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 98.

pyrocraspis Mon. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 153.

pyrophora Horn. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 111.

pyropis Mel. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 84.

pyrosoma Tip. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 56.

pythes Par. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 4, p. 204.

68

538

Alphabetical List of the African Aegeriidae.

quinquepuncta Loph. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 70.

rhodia Cham. Drc. Am. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 4, p. 203.
roliani Nyct. Le Cerf Bull. Mus. Paris 20, p. 336.
rubripicta Syn. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 61.
rufescens Malg. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 19 (2), p. 21. *
ruficauda Sura Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 18, p. 46.
ruficincta Mel. Fldr. Reise Novara Taf. 75, 4.
rufithorax Epit. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 19 (2), p. 23. *
rufitibia Sura, Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 98.
rufodorsa Mel. Hmps. A nn. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 150.
rynchiiformis Alon. Wlcr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 8, p. 63.

sanguicosta Horn. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 111.
sanguipennis Par. Meyr. Exot. Microl. 3, p. 267.
semimarginata Pedal. Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 528. *
semirufa Syn. Fldr. Reise Novara Taf. 82, 22.
setodiformis Con. Mab. Bull. S. E. Fr. 1891, p. 174.
sexualis Tip. Hmps. Am. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 152.
sophax Tip. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 4, p. 203.
spadicicorpus Horn. Prout. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 3, p. 190.
squamata Thyr. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 532. *
striata Cham. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 523. *
surodes Pod. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 63.
sylphina Lep. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 55.

tapeina Cham. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 67.

terminiflava Con. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (12), p. 71.
thalassina Par. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 101.
tiresa Cham. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 4, p. 202.
tricincta Tip. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 339. *
trithyris Con. Meyr. Exot. Microl. 3, p. 266.
tropica Cham. Beutenm. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 7, p. 172.
typica Sim. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (12), p. 71.

ursipes Mel. Wkr. last Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 8, p. 68.
usambara Mel. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 231. *

vassei Syn. Le Cerf Lep. Com£>. 14, p. 337. *
vietrix Mel. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14. p. 224. *
yiolaceus Sim. Le Cerf Bull. Mus. Paris 17, p. 304. *
vitrifasciata Ech. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 150.
vouauxi Pro. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 276. *

waterloti Tip. Le Cerf Lep. Comp. 14, p. 341. *

xanthogaster Mel. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 94.
xanthopasta Cham. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 66.
xanthophora Horn. Hmps. Am. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 150.
xanthopyga Met. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 2 (12), p. 45.
xantliopyga Par. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 101.
xanthosoma Par. Hmps. inn. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 154.
xyloeopiformis S. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 8, p. 65.

COSSIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz,

539

23. Family: Cossidae.

The Cossidae or typical wood-borers exhibit all the peculiarities of a phylogenetically old family. They
have, according to Packard, probably developed from a side-branch of the Tortricidae, and — as larvae, pupae,
and imagines — they merely represent such a branch with much larger forms, since the assumption of their
direct descent from still existing Tortricid genera (cf. Vol. II, p. 417) has been strongly objected to. They may
bear a similar relationship to the Tortricidae as the Myelobiidae (genus Morpheis ) do to the Crambinae. Thus,
for instance, the larva of Cossus exhibits the flat structure of Tortricidae living in cornets made of leaves, and
the larva of Myelobia the round body of the Pyralid larvae.

It may be due to their feeding from the wood of tropical trees which are succulent throughout the year,
that the Cossidae of the genus Xyleutes (Duomitus) often attain an enormous size. An expanse of more than
200 mm is by no means rare with Indian and Australian Cossidae, and even the X. leuconotus which reach
the palaearctic region (Vol. II, pi. 53 a) are almost as large. African species are still considerably larger, for
whilst the of X. leuconotus has an expanse of only 80 mm (the size of a Cossus cossus- Q), the £ of X. moderata
from the Lion Coast already shows an expanse of more than 140 mm.

We can easily distinguish different types of lepidoptera among the Cossidae ; they deviate so much from
each other that even the homogeneousness of the family is doubted and some lepidopterologists are of opinion
that the characteristics common to the family are for the greater part merely to be considered as resemblance
by convergency, produced by the endophyte habits of the larvae. Above all, the genuine Cossinae were separated
from the Zeuzerinae exhibiting quite differently structured antennae. Thus the C antenna of Zeuzera is long-
pinnate in its basal portion and provided with a long bare terminal whip, entirely unlike the bipectinate $
antenna of a Cossus. But the more new forms we find of this family as yet incompletely known, the more
intermediary forms appear between the two kinds of antennae. Moreover, these differences are also opposed
by numerous remarkable conformities of all the various Cossid types. For instance the extraordinarily hard
wings, the solidness of which is unparalleled in the whole lepiclopteral kingdom and even excels by far the
hard wings of the Sphingidae. The stunted growth of the stomatic parts which is not only expressed by the
entirely stunted proboscis but also by the reduction of the palpi which are often closely appressed to the face,
the very large eyes which are below only separated by a narrow stripe of the face and almost resemble the
contiguous eyes of some Hepialidae\ the considerable difference in size between the two sexes and the C6
of the same species, the fatness of the body which after the death of the insect almost invariably causes it to
become oily, the entirely nocturnal habits and the very late flying-hour of the imagines, and many other
characteristica which may frequently occur in the Heterocera though seldom so jointly, were the cause of the
Cossidae continuously being treated as a homogeneous group united by interior relations.

The phylogenetically very old age of the Cossidae is besides proved by the absence of the proboscis,
the primitive neuration, the habit of shunning the light, and other characteristics. Nor is it refuted by their
exterior which is monotonous to a certain degree, at least within the different genera, since the intense adaptation
to the protecting surroundings forces the imago to copy certain features (as for instance the bark-like veins
of the wings) in the same way as it forces all the larvae to live in the interior of plants. Many forms of Cossus
are so much alike that their specific difference was doubted for well founded reasons. The most essential fact,
however, arguing in favour of the long existence of the Cossidae in our creation, is the world-wide distribution
of nearly all the genera that are not monotypical or oligotypical, occurring in the remotest places of our earth
in hardly deviating forms.

Moreover, it may be considered that the opportunity of wide distribution is particularly great in the
case of the Cossidae being wood or pith borers. Trunks of trees are broken off from banks during the course

540

MAC'ROCOSSUS. By M. Gaede. Introduction by Dr. A. Seitz.

of nearly every great flood and sometimes transported down the rivers through whole continents. Whoever
may chance to examine tropical trunks in search of borers and sees how the great number of drifting logs
sometimes resembling a floating island are carried off, will realize how very easily the Cossiclae may be trans¬
ported in the most natural way. In such a way presumably has Zeuzera pyrina reached North America, where
it now frequently occurs here and there, and a specimen of Cossus cossus was discovered in South Africa,
probably having been imported in the timber. If the number of those Cossidae which are widely distributed
in Europe were greater, the vast export of timber would probably influence the fauna of other countries to a
higher degree.

The total number of Cossidae known was stated by Kirby at the end of the last century to be 200
species. But already when the second volume of the “Macrolepidoptera” appeared, about 130 forms could
be counted occurring in the relatively poor palaearctic region, while Staudinger <b Rebel, in 1901, had only
mentioned 85 species increasing to 100 in 1911. Today the total number of all the species known amounts to
500, of which 85 species with more than 100 named forms occur in the Ethiopian Region. America abounds
in Cossidae as in all the other lepidoptera, about 200 forms being known from that country, 21 of which occur
in the nearctic district, the rest in the neotropical regions.

The habits of the Cossidae are still hardly known, as their hidden existence makes it very difficult to
explore them. We know only very few larvae of the palaearctic species and next to nothing about the larval
life of the Ethiopian forms. Some species certainly live in the trunks of the large acacias and sycamores which
are to be found as isolated trees dispersed over the Central African steppes; above all the Cossus itself, presum¬
ably also the species of Xyleutes. The smaller forms, such as the Arctiocossus and Holcoceroides, probably grow
up in the trunks and roots of shrubs and grasses of the steppe, and the Phragmataecia in the stalks of reeds,
as the palaearctic and Indian species of this homogeneous genus also do. If the reeds were used for industrial
purposes in the Ethiopian regions, as in many places of Central Europe, the pupa of Phragmataecia would be
just as easily obtained there as here, because the larva is in the habit of closing the hole, where it entered, with
a silky web before it pupates, so that the inhabited reeds can be noticed from afar. Hitherto, however, we are
still inexactly informed of the life of the Ethiopian Cossicl larvae, because our entire knowledge of the species
of that district is founded almost exclusively on the capture of the imagines on the lantern.

It has neither been possible to ascertain whether the Ethiopian Cossidae have a similarly long larval
stage as their European allies. But as the tropical Indian and Australian Xyleutes are reported to have a larval
stage of several years, it is hardly to be doubted that the larval life of the Ethiopian species is just as extensive;
except that instead of the hibernating period of the European species a summer-pause takes place in Africa,
which corresponds to the intensity of the dry period in that region.

Much has already been told in Vol. II (p. 417) about the habits of the Cossidae and it was stated that,
owing to the strong and parallelized neuration together with the very strong lamels of the wings, even large
Cossus are enabled to extend the wings vertically upwards, when they sit on a horizontal surface (Frings).
The wings stiffened in this way become very hard, so that the insects are able to fly very swiftly and con¬
tinuously. However, it is only the which swarm, for which reason also the $$ of many Cossid species are
still unknown; sometimes even of species (such as South-American Hypopta) the <§<$ of which sometimes appear
in such enormous numbers that they cover the ground even in towns. In contrast with this vast occurrence
of single species there are only very few specimens known of many Ethiopian Cossidae , few of which are
perfectly preserved, because of the damages caused by their impetuous flight and the frequent collisions with
their hard wings.

The proboscis is always absent. The palpi are feebly developed. Antennae of different kinds, rarely
Bombycid-like long-combed to the tips, mostly only pectinate on % or % of their length in the male, in one
genus only finely dentate. Hind tibiae with 1 or 2 pair of spurs of a variable length or without spurs. Fore wing
with 2 inner-marginal veins and an accessory cell or an inserted cell. Hindwing with 3 inner-marginal veins.
Vein 8 free next to the cell or connected with its apex by a cross-bar, besides fused in the middle with a bar
in one genus, in another genus with vein 7. Both wings in the cell with a forked partition-vein. The larvae live
in the interior of plants, except the two last genera. Distinguished from the family of the Arbelidae by the 2
inner- marginal veins on the forewing and the invariably present frenulum, from the Limacodidae by the forked
partition-vein of the discal cell.

1. Genus; Maeroeossus Aur.

Separated from the following genus Cossus by its considerable size. Antennae of as in the Lasio-
campidae, strongly pectinate to the tips, in the $ somewhat less so. In the hindwing vein 8 is connected with
the centre of the cell by an oblique vein, otherwise the neuration is the same as in Cossus.

COSSUS. By M. Gaede.

541

M. rudis Aur. (79 a). Dark reddish-brown and greyish-brown. Patagia and base of abdomen dingy
white, the latter with a blackish dorsal and lateral stripe. On the forewing the base as far as the centre of the
cell and behind the cell more than half as far as the apex whitish. Spots at the costal margin, and the rest
of the fore wing dark brown with reticulate light patches. Hindwing in the distal half also reticulate lighter.
75 — 120 mm. South West Africa, Congo. — Cossus toluminus Drc., from Senegal, is probably the same species,
and this name would then be prior to rudis.

2. Genus : Cossus F.

Antennae of <$ shortly bipectinate. Hind tibiae with 2 pair of short spurs. Wings broad, coarsely
scaled. In the forewing veins 3—5 equidistantly separated, 6 from the lower angle of the inserted cell, 9 mostly
from the stalk of 7 + 8, this stalk and vein 10 close together, 11 free. In the hindwing vein 8 is not connected
with the cell by a bar, 6 and 7 close together. Type : cossus L. from Europe, with a slightly different neuration.

C. cirrilator Le Cerf (79 a). A species remarkable for its size. Thorax white, with black and brown
scales and 3 black spots. Abdomen laterally brownish. Forewing brownish- white. Costal margin near the base
with brown streaks, behind the centre 3 large spots. The small streaks extend posteriorly to below the centre
of the wing. Distal area spotted as far as the middle, with fine black reticulated lines, two strong lines above
vein 4 forming an X. At the base of the wing near vein 1 c two black dots besides. Hindwing greyish-brown,
at the margin darker. In the forewing vein 9 long-stalked with 7 + 8. In the hindwing veins 6 and 7 from the
same place. B 74 mm. Madagascar.

C. terebroides Fldr. Body and forewing reddish-brown. The black median line in the middle slightly
bent, before it some feeble indistinct lines. Behind it a similarly strong one from % of the costal margin
vertically, from vein 5 incurved, from vein 2 vertically to the inner margin. The enclosed area slightly darker.
A little behind the middle of the distal area another dark line bifurcating in front, ending yet at the inner
margin. 35 — 40 mm. Cape Colony. Besides numerous forms have been denominated which it is difficult to
separate, as the reticulated marking exhibits variable branches. — - reussi Strd. (79 b). Median area very
narrow at the inner margin. In the A the base and costal margin of the otherwise brown forewing show a grey
hue, in the $ the ground-colour is dark red-brown, the median band not darker, its distal edge frayed out. The
submarginal line in the <$ and $ with many branches obliquely to the distal margin. Hindwing brown. 40 to
50 mm. East Africa, tristis Dry. is probably identical with this form, but its figure is not good enough,
windhoekensis Strd. (79 b). Ground-colour more greyish-brown. The distal border of the median band beginning
from the costal margin more oblique. Submarginal line very distinct, only forked at the costal margin. Hindwing
grey, outside striated dark. $ 38 mm. South-West Africa. — henleyi Wrr. & Rothsch. has already been dealt
with in Vol. II, p. 425 and figured on pi. 55 1; it differs from reussi $ only in another more distinct line on the
fore wing proceeding in a curve from the median band near vein 4 and terminating at the anal angle. <$ 36 mm.
Sudan. — fanti Hmps. differs from windhoekensis in two feeble submarginal lines. Before them feeble black
and brown striae. Hindwing brownish-grey. 32 mm. Gold Coast. — abyssinica Hmps. Feebly marked. A
strong, curved interior line instead of the many fine irregular ones in the other forms. The distal border of
the median area is formed by 2 black streaks at the cross-vein and from the cell-angle a line to the inner
margin. Behind it 2 lines united at the inner margin. Submarginal line similar as in reussi. Hindwing somewhat
reddish-brown. <$ 30 mm. Abyssinia.

C. semicurvatus n. sp. (79 b). Ground-colour yellowish-brown. On the forewing numerous blackish-
brown lines, especially a somewhat curved one from the middle of the costal margin vertically to the latter
and a stronger one from % of the costal margin to the inner angle. Before and behind it a narrow stripe lighter
than the ground-colour. Before the margin 2 lines, parallel to the preceding one. Hindwing very finely marked
with dark reticulated lines. In the forewing vein 9 is separated from 7 + 8. $ 40 mm. East Africa. Type in
the Berlin Museum.

C. kwouus Karsch. (79 b). Forewing dark brown. Above the inner margin the L as in L-nigrum B.-Bak.
from Egypt (Vol. II, p. 450), but the 2 lines above it forming a V are absent here in kwouus. Instead of it an
almost white spot within the cross- vein, and inside it a few black lines. From % of the costal margin a straight
black line to vein 3, where it is slightly angular, and to the inner angle. At the apex an X-shaped marking,
behind it whitish. At the margin oblique streaks. Hindwing yellowish-brown. Antennae of $ very finely
pectinate, o 48 mm. East Africa.

C. brunneofasciatus n. sp. (79 b). Thorax and forewing brownish- white. Subbasal line formed of
black spots. The median and distal lines are strong. The first divided and with a brown spot at vein 1 a,
the second somewhat undulate. The space between them darker brown. Before the margin an interrupted line

rudis.

cirrilator.

terebroides.

reussi.

windhoek¬

ensis.

henleyi.

fanti.

abyssinica.

semicurva¬

tus.

kwouus.

brunneo¬

fasciatus.

fuscibasis.

aegyptiaca ■

rectangula-

tus.

seiner i.

senex.

fulvo-

sparsus.

smaragdi-

nus.

crassili-

neatus.

albiplagia-

tus.

pavidus.

breviculus.

impeditus.

542 PECTICOSSUS. By M. Gaede.

-(W j&^tJ

which is somewhat different on both sides. Abdomen and hindwing light brown. $ 50 mm. Madagascar. Type
in the Tring Museum. /+

C. fuscibasis n. sp. (79 c). Forewing from the base almost to the cross- vein blackish-brown, the border¬
line indistinct, incurved towards the inner margin. At the cross-vein white scales and below vein 3 white.
The black distal line flawed at vein 5 and connected there with the anteriorly bifurcated submarginal line from
which some black streaks extend to the margin. This marking is somewhat different in each of the 4 specimens
before me. Body and hindwing pale greyish- brown. Antennae of $ strongly pectinate. 40 — 44 mm. Madagascar.
Type in the Tring Museum.

C. aegyptiaca Hmps. (79 c). Body pale reddish-brown. Forewing ochreous brown. The streaks at the
costal margin, in the cell-end and the centre of the inner margin black. Inner margin and base of cell without
any marking. Behind the cell light spots between the veins. Between the veins 8 — 5 and 4 — 2 without fine
streaks at the margin. Hindwing white, at the margin a fine brown reticulated marking. $ 45 mm. Described
from Suez, the figured $ from “Nubia” may belong to this species. In the latter vein 9 of forewing is separated
from 7 + 8, the antennae being shortly pectinate.

C. recfangulatus Wichgrf. Forewing silvery grey with 3 dark parallel lines vertical to the costal margin,
almost straight. The first from the centre of the costal margin to the inner margin. Half way to the apex the
second extending to vein 3. A little behind the middle of the remaining distance the third to vein 4. this line
bifurcating in front. Besides many less distinct lines. Hindwing whitish-grey. $ 45 mm. East Africa.

C. seineri Griinbg. (79 c). Light bluish-grey with few short black streaks at the costal margin of the
forewing. From % of the costal margin, vertical to it, an undulate line to the anal angle, united with the
marginal line at vein 3. Hindwing similarly coloured, feebly and finely striated dark. $ 44 mm. Betchuanaland.

C. senex Btlr. (79 c). Body and wings whiter. Forewing finely striated grey. An interior black line is
rather strong. Before the middle of the costal margin a black V. Before and behind it from the lower cell-edge
2 indistinct lines, the distal one forked. From the apex a fine distinct line obliquely inward as far as vein 5,
then to the margin near vein 2. Hindwing slightly brownish, with a dark reticulate marking. 34 — 40 mm.
Madagascar.

C. fulvosparsus Btlr. (79 c). Forewing greyish- white, striated somewhat darker, with lighter spots
between. Inner margin as far as behind the base of vein 2 brownish, and often a brownish stripe above the
anal angle. At the cell-end, behind it and at the margin orange spots. The whole wing and the patagia often
with a green reflection, thus somewhat similar to the European Folia xanthomista, excepting the size. Head,
tegulae, and abdomen brownish. Intensely green specimens are: — smaragdinus Btlr. Antennae of the $ thick,
not pectinate. 40 — 60 mm. Madagascar.

C. crassilineatus n. sp. (79 c). $ almost blackish-brown, £ greyish-brown. From before the middle
of the costal margin a strong, straight black line extends obliquely outward, not reaching the inner margin.
Behind it an X-shaped marking in which the anterior distal branch is stunted, the branches touching each
other at vein 5. Behind it a short apical line. Hindwing of the almost black, of the $ brown. 20 — 26 mm.
Madagascar. Type in the Tring Museum. albiplagiatus n. /. is presumably only a very light <$ lacking the
strong oblique median line. The area below the distal portion of the cell, however, is white obliquely inwards.
Also from Madagascar.

C. pavidus Btlr. Forewing grey, finely striated black, costal margin with black spots. Below the cell
in the middle a black horizontal V, and 2 indistinct black spots in the centre of the wing. At the margin
likewise black spots. Hindwing lighter, in the apical area with somewhat darker striae. 36 mm. Madagascar.

C. breviculus Mab. (79 d). Body pale brownish. Forewing white, clouded dark, with fine grey and
black latticed lines. A square reddish-brown spot behind the lower cell-angle and another one above the inner
margin behind the centre. Hindwing dingy white with a purely white fringe. 25 — 28 mm. Madagascar.

C. impeditus Wkr. Owing to the narrow forewing with an oblique distal margin it surely does not belong
to this genus and is omitted therefore.

3. Genus: Pectieossus n. g.

Antennae of $ as strongly pectinate as in Coryphodema. In the forewing veins 3, 4 and 5 are somewhat
separated, 6 below the upper cell-angle, 7, 8 and 9 from the apex of the accessory cell, 10 from its anterior
edge. In the hindwing veins 3, 4, 5 somewhat separated, 6 far away from 7, no bar to vein 8.

CORYPHODEMA; ARCTIOCOSSUS; HOLCOCEROIDES; DUDGEONEA. By M. Gaede.

543

Pect. castaneus n. sp. Thorax dark red-brown, abdomen lighter. Eorewing from the costal margin, castaneus.
in the cell and below it as far as the middle of vein 2, and to the inner margin rusty brown. Distal area
suffused with violettish-brown. Short black streaks in the distal area. Hindwing similar, but the streaks
hardly recognizable. 30 mm. Transvaal, type in the Museum of Stettin.

4. Genus: Corypliodema Fldr.

Also similar to Cossus. Wings somewhat more elongate. In the forewing of the genotype vein 9 is
long-stalked with 7 + 8. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 on a short stalk. Between the antennae no hair-pencil.

Type: punctulata Wkr.

Cor. punctulata Wkr. (= capensis Fldr.). Forewing olive brown, at the costal margin darker and as punctulata.
far as the centre of the wing where the border is formed by an undulate black line. Behind it a curved row
of spots almost parallel to the distal margin. Then follows a more distinct dark line bifurcating at the costal
margin. Distal area lighter greyish-brown. Hindwing at the base and inner margin somewhat brownish, the
rest greyish-brown with traces of a distal dark band. 55 mm. Cape Colony, Natal.

Cor. ochracea sp. n. (79 e). Yellowish-white, with a brownish ochreous hue, with few black lines on ochracea.
the forewing. Median line double, distally angled below the costal margin. The distal line is incurved at the
costal margin, between veins 4 and 3 obliquely outward and nearing the submarginal line. Abdomen and
hindwing yellowish- white. In the forewing vein 7 is stalked with 8 + 9. $ 25 mm. Luitpold Mts. Type in the
Tring Museum.

Cor. albifasciata Hmps. Thorax and abdomen brown. Patagia somewhat whitish. Forewing greyish- albifasciata
white, below the costal margin at the base white. The cell and a band below it purely white. An oblique brown
shadow from the lower cell-angle to the submedian fold ; there in the centre of the wing a black streak. Marginal
area with brown reticulate lines, besides 2 stronger lines before the margin which are united above vein 4 and
despatch rays to the margin at veins 4 — 2. Hindwing brownish-white. Veins and marginal line brown. As
veins 6 + 7 arise on a long stalk in the hindwing, the species may belong to the following genus. <$ 30 mm.

Cape Colony.

5. Genus : Arctiocossus (Fldr., Jord.)

Antenna of strongly pectinate to the tip. Between the antennae a hair-pencil. In the forewing veins
7 + 8 and 9 from the apex, 10 from the anterior edge of the accessory cell. In the hind wing 6 + 7 on a long
stalk, 8 not connected with the cell by a bar. This refers to the genotype. The species dealt with exhibit several
differences. Type : antargyreus Fir.

A. antargyreus Fldr. Thorax and forewing according to the original figure bluish-grey, below the cell antargyreus
somewhat darker. Thorax in the middle blackish-grey. The cell whitish; at the base as far as the costal margin
whitish. In the distal area between the veins dark streaks and below the apex dark dots. Abdomen and
hindwing greyish-brown. 26 mm. Cape Colony. Beside the damaged type no other specimen seems to exist.

A. punctifera n. sp. (79 e). Greyish-yellow. Forewing below the cell as far as y3 of the inner margin punctifera.
rusty brown, behind it at the inner margin whitish. Distal area in the distal half as far as vein 2 rusty brown,
enclosing dark dots above veins 3 — 6. Inner angle somewhat lighter. Hindwing greyish yellow. In the forewing
only vein 7 + 8 and 9 + 10 are stalked; no closed accessory cell. Probably only a casual variation. £ 36 mm.

East Africa. Type in the Tring Museum.

A. strigulata n. sp. (79 e). Body and forewing dark greyish-brown, reticulately latticed, at veins strigulata.

3 and 4 somewhat darker. Hindwing lighter. Veins in forewing typical. In the hindwing 6 + 7 only on a
short stalk, but vein 8 connected with the cell-end by a thin bar. 28 mm. East Africa. Type in the Berlin
Museum.

6. Genus: Molcoceroitles Strd.

Antennae of not dentate. Wings as broad as in Cossus. In the forewing vein 9 arises short-stalked
with 7 + 8, the joint stalk being long. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 on a long stalk. From vein 8 no bar
proceeds. In both wings veins 4 and 5 nearing each other at the base. The only species entirely makes the
impression of an Arbelida, but it has 2 inner-marginal veins on the forewing.

H. ferrugineotincta Strd. (79 e). Thorax brown and rusty brown. Forewing in the basal half dark violet- ferrugineo-
tish brown, behind it more rusty brown, with rows of dark red-brown spots, being margined with a lighter rusty
brown. Hindwing and abdomen blackish-brown. $ 28 mm. Spanish Guinea.

7. Genus: Dmlgeonea Hmps.

In the rounded forewing veins 8, 9 and 10 from the accessory cell, the others at about the same distances
from the cell. The lower inner-marginal vein is very straight. In the hindwing veins 3, 4 and 5 almost equi-

544

C'ALLOCOSSUS; ZEUZEROPS; EREMOCOSSUS; AZYGOPHLEPS. By M. Gaede.

distantly separated, 6 and 7 close together. Palpi erect, projecting beyond frons. Antennae of £ very short-
combed, in the $ plain. Type : leucosticta Hmps.

leucosticta. D. leucosticta Hmps. probably does not occur typically in Africa. — sierraleonensis Strd. (79 e). Forewing

sierra- rus^y yellow with white round spots and smaller yellow ones separated by an oblique red-brown median band,
leone ns is. ^ ^ x .

the edges of which are parallel, whilst in the Indian form it is about 4 times as broad at the inner margin as

at the costal margin. Hindwing red-brown. 30 mm. Transvaal, Sierra Leone.

locuples. D. locuples Mab. Forewing red-brown with many pearl-white round spots, 3 rows of them at the distal

margin, some at the costal margin and the rest of the wing. Hindwing white, spotless. 34 mm. Madagascar.
The species has been described as Endagria , but it might be leucosticta or a transition-form to it despite of the
white hind wing.

8. Genus: Callocossus Aur.

In the forewing vein 10 arises near 11. Vein 8 may arise on a long stalk with 7, or it may be absent
altogether. In both wings vein 6 arises far in front. Type: elegans Aur.
auroguttata. C. auroguttata H.-Schaff. (79 a). Black, with a metallic green gloss. Thorax behind and the anal end

orange. Eorewing with large, distantly separated orange spots. Hindwing with few spots at the anal end.

$ 100- — 130 mm. Sierra Leone, Congo.

rauana. C. rauana Strd. (= langi Holl.) is coloured as auroguttata. Thorax chiefly orange, the ground-colour

forming spots. Abdomen above orange with a dark median line. Both wings densely spotted orange. 48 to
70 mm. Senegal, East Africa. - In these two species vein 8 is present.

elegans. C. elegans Aur. (79 d). The marking is more orange-red, thorax and forewing as in rauana. Hindwing

spotless, at the costal and distal margins orange-red, also the anal-end of the otherwise greenish -black abdomen.

$ 42 — 48 mm. Sierra Leone, Cameroon, Congo, Spanish Guinea. — This species and probably also the following
stephania lack vein 8 in the forewing.

stephania. C. stephania Drc. Only the head and tegulae are orange-red. Hindwing and abdomen without orange-

red markings. Forewing as in elegans, but the spots are less densely arranged. 46 mm. East Africa.

9. Genus: Zeuzerops Strd.

Antennae of strongly pectinate on half their length. Veins 4 and 5 arise almost from the same place,
vein 6 far in front on both wings. In the fore wing vein 8 is absent, 7 + 9 on a short stalk. Vein 11 nearer
to the base of the wing.

hyalini- Z. hyalinipennis Strd. (79 e). Body black, in fresh specimens probably with a green gloss, with orange-

Penms- red head and tegulae, the dorsal spots on the thorax and abdomen being orange-red. too. Forewing hyaline,
only at the costal and inner margins black with orange-red spots. Hindwing at the inner margin black with
some orange hairs. d 35 mm. East Africa. — It might be the d of rauana or stephania, if the neuration were
not slightly different.

10. Genus : Ercmoeossus Hmps.

Palpi relatively long. Antennae of d shortly pectinate to the tips. Forewing in the middle at the costal
margin slightly concave. Veins 4 and 5 close together, 6 from the upper cell-angle, 7 + 3 and 9 from the apex
of the accessory cell, 10 from its anterior edge, 11 free. In the hindwing veins 6 + 7 stalked. Posterior tibiae
without spurs. Type : foedus Swli. from India.

proleuca. E. proleuca Hmps. Similar to a darker brown jordana Stgr. (Vol. II, pi. 55 1). The marking is more

distinctly white. A narrow band at the costal margin, a shorter one from the base a little above the inner
margin, and one from the apex to the base of vein 2, where it is distally broader. Hindwing white. 22 — 30 mm.
Aden.

senegalensis. E. senegalensis Le Gerf. Similar to ( Dysp .) jordana Stgr. and perhaps synonymous with it and with

foedus. In Vol. II, p. 427, we had already mentioned that jordana is presumably no Dyspessa, as is also shown
by the figure on pi. 55. The same colour, though with somewhat more intense markings, we find in senegalensis .
Fore wing ochreous white. Below the cell a broad greyish-yellow band and a similar one from the centre of
the inner margin to the apex, before the margin dark scales. Hindwing dingy white with a fine pale grey
marginal line. d 34 mm. Senegal.

11. Genus: Azygoplileps Hmps.

In the forewing the inserted cell extends far basad, so that vein 1 1 arises only after its beginning. Veins
7 + 8 on a short stalk, arising with 9 from the same place. In the hindwing veins 4 and 5 often somewhat

Publ. 14. XT. 1929.

AZYGOPHLEPS. By M. Gaede.

545

separated. Antennae of strongly pectinated to the middle, in the 9 shortly dentate. The marking often
similar to that of the palaearctic genus Zeuzerci. The species, excepting boisduvalii, differ in the marking and
mostly in size from the genus Phragmatoecia. Theoretical differences, however, can hardly be stated. Type:
scalaris F.

A. boisduvalii H.-Schaff. (79 e). Thorax and forewing ochreous. Forewing in the interior area with boisduvalii.
numerous reddish-brown transverse bands which are broken up into spots in the marginal area. Abdomen
brownish white, hindwing almost white. 32 — 45 mm. Senegal, Togo, Niger and Nyassa Districts, East Africa.

A. hova Le Cerf (79 d). Body brownish- white. Forewing white with light ochreous brown transverse hova.
streaks except below the cell in the proximal half. A more intense streak from the middle of the inner margin
to the costal margin separates the distal more intensely marked portion. Below the cell near the base an
irregular spot. At the costal margin fine and irregular streaks. Hindwing dingy white, in the distal half finely
latticed dark. $ 60 mm. Madagascar.

A. scalaris F. (= bivittata Wkr.) (79 f). White, thorax edged with orange. Black striation through scalaris.
the centre of the cell to below the apex, this stripe being hued with orange. Above the inner margin likewise
intensely striated, and the inner margin itself finely yellow. In the submedian area only feeble streaks. Hindwing
and abdomen white. 40- 56 mm. West, Central, and East Africa, Angola. It occurs also in India.

A. leopardina Dist. (= borchmanni Griinbg.) (79 cl). Yellowish- white. Thorax with large black spots leopardina.
similar as in Zeuz. piyrina. Fore wing as far as the end of the cell with large black spots, behind it with smaller
ones, hindwing with still smaller paler spots. In borchmanni the spotting in the cell is somewhat less distinct.

45 — 58 mm. South-West Africa, Transvaal.

A. aurivillii dalla Torre (= liturata Aur.) (79 f). White. Spots on thorax similar as in leopardina. The aurivillii.
black marking is the most intense below the cell as far as the inner margin, less so at the costal margin,
with small marginal dots. Hindwing white with feeble marginal dots. 42 — 55 mm. South-West Africa.

A. asylas Cr. (= strigulosa Wkr. ) (79 f). Yellowish- white, also purely white or orange. Forewing finely asylas.
and purely striated black, only the cell and the space behind it remain white. Hindwing white, not marked.

Some specimens also exhibit the hindwing finely striated brown. 42 — 50 mm. Central Africa, Betchuana Land,

Natal, Transvaal. — sponda Wllgrn. is presumably identical with asylas just like albovittata B.-Bak. 3 diminutive
specimens from the Gold Coast have an expanse of only 20 — 25 mm.

A. aburae Plotz (79 f). White. Patagia black, margined somewhat orange. Forewing densely striated dburae.
black, narrowly below the costal margin, more broadly under the cell, though leaving the inner margin free.

The streaks are continued a little on both sides by orange lines. Hindwing purely white. 42 mm. East Africa.

A. melanonephele Hmps. (79 f). Yellowish- white, patagia with an orange spot. Forewing with orange melano-
streaks. Costal margin black from the base to the centre, where it is widened and connected with a spot at nephele.
the cross-vein, the spot being besides connected with a faded oblique band to the margin below the apex. At
the costal margin a spot behind the middle and smaller preapical ones. At the anal angle slightly darkened.

Hindwing in the distal area in front slightly darkened. $ 40 — 48 mm. Niger District.

A. inclusa Wkr. (= petax Wllgrn., kilimandjarae Le Cerf) (79 f, g). Yellowish- white. Patagia without inclusa.
a black margin. On the fore wing the black streaks reach the inner margin and also traverse the area behind
the cell. The orange streaks also run through the cell. Hindwing white, at the distal margin often finely latticed
dark. Of frequent occurrence are specimens that are intensely darkened greyish-brown. On the forewing the
darkening extends from the inner margin to vein 3, the stripe between the two inner-marginal veins being
mostly light in the middle. A dark stripe extending from below the apex a little into the apex, and at vein 4
somewhat darkened. In extreme specimens only the anterior half of the cell as far as the apex light. Hindwing
then mostly more intensely latticed dark. 32 60 mm. A diminutive specimen from Abyssinia has an expanse

of only 20 mm. East Africa. Usambara, South-West Africa, Natal.

A. flavitincta Hmps. (79 g). Body red-brown. Forewing brownish-grey, densely latticed red-brown, flavitinda.
Costal margin at the base and the submedian fold reddish-yellow, the striation being black there. From below
the apex a dark patch inwards. Hindwing pale brown. Fringes on both wings spotted brown and white. $

50 mm. East Africa. The specimen figured is presumably this species though it differs a little from the description.

A. nubilosa Hmps. (79 g). Ground-colour reddish-brown, suffused with blackish-brown except at the nubilosa.
costal margin of the forewing, the dark areas slightly latticed black. Hindwing white, in the marginal area
latticed dark. Fringe spotted white and blackish-brown. $ 75 mm. Uganda.

A. tandoensis B.-Bak. Forewing pale brownish, at the costal margin darker. Between the veins, from tandoensis.
vein 2 to the costal margin dark brown ruffled lines. In the submedian fold a short bent shadow. Hindwing
grey with fine reticulate lines. The $ is paler. 52 — 72 mm. Angola.

XIV 69

546

XYLEUTES. By M. Gaede.

airifasciata.

simplex.

psyche.

crassus.

polyoplaga.

lunifera.

sjoestedti.

vosselcri.

capensis.

cretacea.

moderata.

geminatus.

airiplaga.

A. atrifasciata limps. (80 a). Body brownish- white, thorax with a V-shaped dark brown marking.
Forewing dark brown. From the base to below the a-pex, and at the inner margin a yellowish- white stripe with
orange streaks. Hindwing whitish, partly with pale brown stripes. $ 70—80 mm. Nyassa District, Rhodesia.

A. simplex Am. (79 g). The species is rather isolated, as it looks like a narrow-winged Cossus terebroides.
Dark grey, on the forewing the black lines are distinct and much farther separated than usual. Hindwing also
dark. $ 26 mm. Yola.

A. psyche Le Cerf. Thorax and forewing blackish-brown, without markings. Abdomen and hindwing
greyish-brown, at the anal angle lighter. In the $ the abdomen is also blackish. 25 — 34 mm. Dahomey. This
is perhaps one of the dark species of Phragmatoecia.

12. Genus: Xyleutes Him.

Only separated from Azygophleps by the thinner antennae of the The marking is mostly somewhat
similar to that of Cossus. Type: crassus Dry.

X. crassus Dry. (80 a). Thorax brown, laterally in front and behind black, abdomen blackish-brown.
Forewing brown, in the lighter, in the $ very dark, at the base and above the centre of the inner margin
white, the latter portion outside with a black spot at vein 1. Distal area irregularly defined, white. In it below
the apex a crescentiform dark band at the distal margin, and blackish marginal spots. Hindwing reddish-brown,
feebly latticed blackish. 100- 160 mm. Cameroon, Sierra Leone. polyoplaga Hmps. The basal area and
distal area on the forewing suffused with brown. The light spot above the middle of the inner margin outside
with a large black lateral spot and also inside with such a spot. Hindwing also with feeble marginal spots.
C 105 mm. Niger District. lunifera limps, is a smaller form, still more uniformly brown. In the the light
spot above the middle of the inner margin is also absent, the black distal spot next to it is only small. Costal
margin with black little strokes, only the black crescentiform line at the distal margin is prominent. 75 — 95 mm.
Sierra Leone. In East Africa also 2 races. The smaller one corresponds to lunifera: - - sjoestedti Aur. (80 a) of an
ochreous ground-colour. Thorax and abdomen finely dusted with black. Forewing finely latticed dark, with
a larger, somewhat darker spot before the middle of the costal margin, and an oblique spot behind the cell from
vein 5 to the inner margin. The crescentiform marginal line is brown. Hindwing latticed paler brown. 55 — 100mm.
East Africa, Uganda, Natal. Whilst the genuine $ of sjoestedti has the very same colour and marking as the <$
and it only occurs in East Africa, the $ described as sjoestedti by Atjrivillius belongs to another form which
may be denominated vosseleri /. n. (80 b). Body light grey. Wings milky white. Forewing scantily latticed
black, with olive brown spots at the costal margin near the base, before and behind the middle, as well as
above % of the inner margin, in the d1 they may also be absent. Apical band normal. Hindwing also latticed black.
Both wings less densely latticed than in sjoestedti. 80— 140 mm. East Africa and (more frequently) Cameroon,
Sierra Leone. Types in the Berlin Museum.

X. capensis Wkr. W7hitish. Thorax and abdomen spotted dark. Fore wing finely spotted (striated?)
black with a crescentiform line and black marginal spots. Hindwing paler with dark marginal spots. Natal.
As sjoestedti also occurs in Natal, it may be that capensis was merely a faded specimen of it, though the latter
name may be prior.

X. cretacea Btlr. (80 b). Yellowish- white. Forewing in the posterior portion suffused with light brown,
scantily speckled with black. At the costal margin behind the middle a long black streak and at vein 1 a short
one. Subapical crescentiform line strong. Hindwing slightly brownish, feebly latticed brown. 65 — 90 mm.
Madagascar.

X. moderata Wkr. (80 c). Body brown. Wings yellowish-brown. Forewing at the inner margin, below
the cell-end and before the middle of the distal margin browner, densely covered with short black streaks which
are reticularly united in the marginal spot. Directly behind the cell a large black spot and at the distal margin
a smaller one. Hindwing in the marginal area latticed black. Margin in both wings spotted black. $ 130 mm.
Sierra Leone.

X. geminatus n. sp. (80 c). Head and thorax brownish- white, in the middle probably darker, abdomen
reddish-brown. Fore wing reddish-brown with short creamy white double streaks, at the costal margin with
broader light spots. In the centre of the inner margin a large double spot of the ground-colour without light
streaks. A postcellular spot and the distal margin partly also without streaks. Hindwing dark brown, at the
costal margin almost yellowish- white. A 100 mm. Cameroon. Type in the Tring Museum.

The following species are smaller. With radial stripes at the costal margin of the forewing and with spots.

X. atriplaga Le Cerf. Body and forewing slate-coloured grey, at the cell-end somewhat reddish, with
black reticular lines between which there are irregular grey spots. These are arranged in 2 rows between veins
1 b and 5 behind the cell and from the inner angle to vein 6 before the margin. The basal third at the costal
margin with a projection to vein 1 c black, besides 1 black spot above the cell-end. Hindwing grey, at the anal
angle lighter, only with feeble traces of darker reticular lines. $ 66 mm. Angola.

OREOCOSSUS; ZEUZEROPECTEN. By M. Gaede.

547

X. obscurascens n. sp. (79 h). Browner than atriplaga. Dents proceed from the black base of the costal obscurus-
margin, as in steniptera, besides the spot behind the middle of the costal margin is deep dark. Less intense
spots below vein 3. Hindwing in the distal area with distinct reticular lines. 54 mm. Central Abyssinia.

Type in the Tring Museum. — obsoleta /. n. (79 g) forms the transition to the following species. Of the basal obsolete..
spot only the terminal point and the dents are distinct. The median spot is wedge-shaped. A large faded spot
below the cell-end and 2 below it at the inner margin are scarcely recognizable. Hindwing finely latticed.
Ground-colour in both wings lighter than in obscurascens. 42 mm. White Nile, 12° N. Lat. Type in the
Tring Museum.

X. squameus Dist. (79 g) is greyish-brown. Forewing with a reddish-brown basal stripe. The median squameus.
spot often like a stripe, besides marked darker with feeble bands. Hindwing pale greyish-brown. 38 — 58 mm.

Gold Coast, East Africa, Transvaal.

X. steniptera Hmps. (79 g) is more intensely marked, ground-colour lighter. Mesothorax reddish-brown, steniptera.
The central spot as far as the lower cell-angle quadrangularly prolonged, touching a triangular spot below the
cell-end. Hindwing white. 28 — 38 mm. Somaliland.

X. grandiplaga n. sp. (79 h). Mesothorax blackish brown. The pale transverse bands similar as in grandiplaga.
squameus. Spots only above the middle of vein 1 b, and a large one before the margin above vein 5. Hindwing
lighter, in the type densely latticed pale brown. $ 35 — 45 mm. Cameroon (type), Tchari-Tchad. Type in the
Berlin Museum.

X. simillima Hmps. (79 h). Body reddish-brown, thorax darker. Forewing greyish-brown. The interior simillima.
median area from the costal margin to vein 1, the space behind the cell to vein 3, and some marginal spots
whiter. Below the cell in the light area black dots, one at the base of vein 2 being stronger. Before the margin
dark angular spots. Hindwing brownish-white. 25 — 28 mm. Somaliland, Abyssinia.

X. pindarus Faioc. (79 h). Reddish-brown. The basal stripe at the costal margin normal. Right below pindarus.
the median vein a deep black streak as far as below vein 2, where we notice a large square spot as far as
vein 1. The area below the streak is white, striated black. The median spot at the costal margin is paler and
prolonged to vein 2. Hindwing white with a brownish margin. 40 — 44 mm. East Africa.

X. biatra Hmps. Body greyish-brown. Fore wing white with numerous black strokes. Costal margin biatra.
and inner margin brownish except at the base. In the submedian fold large black scales. At the costal margin
a large black spot before the middle, and a triangular one behind the middle, between them smaller ones.

Hindwing white, in the distal area densely stroked black. 50 — 65 mm. Gold Coast, Niger District.

X. tristis. The form mesosticta Hmps. (79 h) has a brownish-white body. Mesothorax blackish-brown, tristis.
Wings white. Forewing at the costal margin narrowly brownish. Of the same colour a large spot before the mesostu'ta.
middle of the inner margin and, beginning from the cross-vein, the whole distal area. At the lower cell-angle
and below vein 2 black spots. Hindwing white. $ 28 — 38 mm. Somaliland. tristis Gaede. Body and wings tristis.
intensely blackish-brown. Light is only the distal portion of the cell. Submedian fold almost black, the dots
below the cell as in mesosticta. Hindwing only in the basal area light. $ 45 mm. South West Africa.

13. Genus: Oreocossus Aur.

In the neuration similar to Xyleutes, but both wings shorter. In the fore wing veins 7, 8 and 9 from
the apex of the inserted cell, vein 1 1 also proceeding from it. Distinguished by the antennae being pectinate
as far as % and also shortly pectinate in the §.

0. kilimanjarensis Hall. (79 h). Light reddish-brown with a dark red-brown marking. The median kiliman-
band is very oblique, inside almost straightly defined, above the inner margin with a light spot in the middle. jarensis.
Before the distal margin a narrower, somewhat interrupted band. Hindwing paler with traces of a band before
the distal margin. <$ 40 — 50 mm. East Africa. — occidental^ Strd. (79 h) shows also the base of the forewing occidentalis.
as dark as the median band, so that only a narrow stripe of the ground-colour remains, which often does not
extend to the inner margin. The spot of the median band is of a purer white in the d, in the $ less distinct.

The marginal band is entire, more distinct. 38 — 56 mm. Spanish-Guinea, Nyassa District, East Africa.

14. Genus: Zeiizeropecten n. g.

Antenna of d in the basal part pectinate as in Oreocossus, but the rest also with short pectinations.

Shape of wings broader. In the forewing veins 4 and 5 close together, 6 already from the inserted cell. 7 -f 8
on a long stalk, and 9 on a short stalk with both of them, 10 from its anterior edge near the stalk of 9 + 7 + 8,
and 11 from the end of the inserted cell. Hindwing as in Oreocossus, but vein 6 nearer to 5 than to 7. Type:
lactescens n. sp.

548

PHRAGMATOECIA ; PHRAGMATOECIOIDES. By M. Gaede.

laclescens. Z. lactescens n. sp. (80 b). Body and forewing pale ochreous with an oblique lactean median band which

is similarly shaped as the light inner area in kilimanjarensis. Behind it few dark brown short streaks and
indistinct whitish spots before the margin. Hindwing ochreous, not marked. J 48 mm. Madagascar. Type
in the Tring Museum.

15. Genus: Phragmatoecia Newm.

Antenna of $ bipectinate on % of its length, at the apex dentate, in the $ filiform. In the forewdng
veins 7 + 8 on a long stalk, bent a little downward, 9 only slightly stalked. In the hindwing veins 4 and 5
close together, 6 in the middle of 5 and 7. Hind tibiae only with terminal spurs. Type: castaneae Hbn. from
Europe. Palpi still shorter than in Azygophleps, otherwise scarcely separable from this genus.

airireia. P. atrireta Hmps. (80 c). Body and forewing brownish black, densely latticed black, fringe black and

grey. Hindwing somewhat less dark. 28 — 32 mm. Betchuana Land, East Africa. — This and the following
species as far as irrorata are presumably only forms of one species.

innominaia. P. innominata Balia Torre (= reticulata Hmps.). Thorax and forewing blackish brown, finely latticed

dark. Hindwing greyish-brown with a reddish shine. One of the specimens before me shows black streaks
between the veins of the forewing. This and the contours of the wings would fit Arctiocossus antargyreus Fldr.,
biit not the colour. 20 — 30 mm. Natal, Transvaal.

sericeata. P. sericeata Hmps. (80 d). Thorax and forewing dark reddish-brown, marginal area silky grey with

traces of dark reticular lines. On the distal portion of the costal margin and at the inner margin short black
streaks. Abdomen and hindwing pale brownish-grey, at the inner angle dark spots. 30 mm. South Nigeria.
From East Africa there are 2 specimens before me, in which the foi’ewing is unicoloured dark red-brown, the
hindwing greyish-brown. 25 mm. G?- They form a transition to the following species:

fuscifusa. P, fuscifusa Hmps. Body and forewing pale greyish brown, suffused with dark brown, and whitish.

Hindwing pale brown. In the $ the thorax is dark brown. 22 — 32 mm. Sierra Leone, South Nigeria.

irromta. P. irrosata Hmps. is larger. Forewing without the white hue. On the hindwing behind the cell darker,

otherwise as fuscifusa. 44 mm. Mashonaland, Natal.

■pattens. P. pallens H.-Schdff. Thorax and forewing pale ochreous brown, abdomen lighter. Hindwing whitish.

Forewing in the distal half latticed dark. At the costal and inner margins dark more intense streaks. 42 -60 mm.

pelostema. Guinea, Togo, Cameroon, Nyassa District. pelostema M. Her. (80 d). At the costal and inner margins of
the forewing more intensely striated black. In the cell and the submedian fold small spots. Hindwing with
dark marginal dots. Togo.

brunni. P. bruiini Pag., described according to 2 much flown specimens from Usambara, is probably the same

species.

gyldenstol- P. gyldenstolpei Aur. (80 d). Described by the author as a Xyleutes, but owing to the resemblance to

Pcl- pelostema it is probably better placed here. Thorax not so unicoloured ochreous brown, but also with white
and black areas. Colour and striation not different, only the cell without streaks. More conspicuous are a short
streak below the median vein and 4 streaks in the marginal area above vein 5 between the veins. In pelostema
they are only indicated, and the inner margin is more intensely dark, which is not the case in gyldenstolpei .
Hindwing whitish, at the margin darker. 34 mm. Ituri.

argillosa. P. argillosa Le Gerf. Forewing light reddish-brown. From the cell to the middle of the inner margin

a brown shadow. At the base of the costal margin and in the marginal area brown latticed marking, more
distinctly so at the cell-apex and from vein 5 to the inner angle. Hindwing of the same colouring, at the inner
margin lighter, in the middle of the distal area feebly striated. Under surface lighter, whereby the streaks are
more distinct. Wings not so elongate as in the genotype, hindwing not indented near the anal angle. Madagascar
— Saalmuller mentions castanea Hbn. from Madagascar, the specimen will have been argillosa.

16. Genus: I*lirn^mafoeel«ides Strd.

Distinguished from Ph agmatoecia by the antenna of the $ being pectinate in the basal half and
strongly serrate-dentate at the end. Abdomen without a projecting ovipositor, with a small anal tuft.

peetini- P. pectinicomis Strd. $ ground-colour yellowish-white as in the palaearctic Phr. territa Stgr. Forewing

comis. with small brown strokes which are absent directly below the costal margin, and then are more intensely visible
again on the median vein. The badly preserved type in a private collection. 37 mm. Bahr el Abiad. — Owing
to the anal tuft it might be a mistaken + In this case the species is probably identical with the form figured
as Phr. pelostema from the Nyassa District.

DUOMITUS; EULOPHONOTUS; TRICHOCOSSUS; GYMNELEMA. By M. Gaede. 549

17. Genus: Duomitiis Hbn.

By this generic name a species is described which surely does not belong there.

D. armstrongi Hmps. (80 d). $ thorax and forewing brownish-grey. Thorax with some black spots, armvtrongi.

forewing with very many. Abdomen and hindwing dark brown, the latter in the distal area with black spots.

The filiform antennae are probably too long in the original figure. If it were not mentioned that vein 6 of the
hindwing is absent, one might presume that it is the $ of Zeuz. hyalinipennis. 40 mm. Gold Coast. The larva
is in the trunks of coffee-trees.

We append here yet numerous forms which are rather doubtfully ranged among the Gossidae.

18. Genus: Eulopliouotus Fldr.

The cells of both wings without a partition- vein and an accessory cell. In the fore wing veins 4 and 5
from the same place, 6 before the middle of the cross- vein, 7 and 9 from the upper cell-angle, 10 close before it,

11 far away. Hindwing without vein 4; 5 and 6 equidistant from the cell-angles, 7 and 8 coalescent. In the
fore wing the two inner-marginal veins anastomose in the last third in the + for which reason Karsch placed
the only species to the Psychidae, in the $ they remain separated. The larva is a very pernicious borer in the
trunks and twigs of the cocoa-trees, and can therefore not be placed to the Megalopygidae. Owing to the larva
and the typical antennae we place the species to the Gossidae.

E. myimeleon Fldr. (= obesus Karsch) (80 d). Body blackish-brown. G forewing hyaline, only at the myrmeleon.
costal margin narrowly brownish, at the inner margin black spots on the white ground. Hindwing from the
costal margin to below the cell hyaline, the rest blackish. $ fore wing black with numerous white dots and spots.

Hindwing blackish-brown. 35 — 50 mm. West and South Africa.

19. Genus: Tricliocossus Hmps-.

Proboscis absent, palpi small, antennae pectinate to the tips. Thorax and abdomen long-haired. Hind
tibiae with 2 pair of long spurs. Forewing short and broad. The upper inner-marginal vein feeble, the lower
parted before the middle, veins 7 + 8 strongly stalked, the others free. Hindwing with a long frenulum, all
the veins free. Type: albiguttata Hmps. The larvae are genuine Psychidae, the imagines have $$ with normal
wings and approach the Gossidae more than any other family, although they are no genuine Gossidae owing
to the larvae.

T. albiguttata Hmps. Body dark brown with white hair. Eorewing red-brown with round white spots albiguttata.
of variable size, of which below vein 1 only 2 in the middle and at the distal margin, only 1 at the costal
margin. Cross-vein somewhat darker brown. Hindwing red-brown, the cell and the space below it whitish.

20 mm. Transvaal.

T. arvensis Janse. Body white-haired. Wings dark greyish-brown, at the inner margin with white arvensis.
hairs, otherwise apparently without any marking. 17 — 19 mm. Transvaal. Larva on Veronia krausei.

20. Genus: Gyinnelema Heyl.

In the shape similar to the preceding genus, but somewhat broader. Forewing with an accessory cell.

Veins 9 + 10 almost invariably on a long stalk, 7 and 8 free or stalked. In the hindwing all the veins are free.

Type: rougemonti Heyl. Also in this genus the larvae are Psychid-like, the imagines Cossid-like. The larvae
live in very long bags covered with dry grass-blades.

G. stygialis Hmps. Body and forewing black, forewing with some large white scales. Hindwing blackish- stygialis.
brown. 18 — 30 mm. Transvaal. In the $ veins 9 and 10 anastomose in the forewing.

G. imitata Janse (80 c). Body reddish-brown. Wings umber-brown and blackish-brown. Eorewing imitata.
at the base and costal margin with white scales, and a blackish-brown marginal line. Hindwing with blackish-
brown scales, at the inner margin darker. Fringes in both wings with white tips. <$ 23 — 26 mm. Transvaal.

Veins 7 + 8 stalked or free.

G. stibarodes Meyr. Body blackish-brown with some white hairs. Eorewing lighter and darker blackish- stibarodes.
brown, with a paler marking, in the 8 indistinctly, in the $ more distinctly white. At the base 2 spots, an
interrupted band on ]/3 of the length of the wing, a spot at the centre of the costal margin, on % of the
length of the wing 4 spots in a curved row, and a few small ones in the centre of the wing and at the margin.

Hindwing blackish-brown, in the $ with white hairs. Fringe whitish. 20 — 25 mm. Cape Colony.

550

RETHONA. By M. Gaede.

rougemonti .

vinctus.

leucopasta.

pelvcrulen-

ta.

strigosa .

G. jougemonti Heyl. $ body blackish-brown. Forewing yellowish-brown mixed with blackish-brown.
Fringe greyish-brown. Hindwdng greyish-yellow, fringe whitish. 34 mm. Delagoa Fay. In the forewing
veins 7 + 8 stalked.

G. vinctus Wkr. (= incanescens Btlr.). Body blackish-brown, with white hair. Forewing white. A
broad reddish-brown interior band unites at the inner margin with the very oblique exterior band. At the
costal margin small blackish-brown spots and similar lines in the median and distal areas. Hindwing greyish-
brown, at the inner margin blackish-brown. Fringes in both wings with white spots. $ more elongate, the
bands darker. 25- 35 mm. Transvaal. In the forewing sometimes veins 7 and 10 not stalked.

G. leucopasta Hmps. (80 d). Body and forewing whitish-brown. At the base a white spot, more or
less connected with the white costal margin which extends into the cell. At the costal margin some dark dots
and a light faded band before the margin. Hindwing yellowish-brown. <$ 24 — 26 mm. Cape Colony, Natal.
In the forewing veins 7 + 8 sometimes stalked.

G. pelverulenta Hmps. Body greyish- white and brown. Forewing greyish-brown with many indistinct
small blackish-brown spots. Hindwing also greyish-brown, the fringe at the base white. $ 24 mm. Transvaal.
All the veins of the forewing free.

21. Genus: lietlioua Wkr.

Body strong. Palpi short. Antennae moderately strongly pectinate, between them a hair-pencil.
Forewing moderately broad, the abdomen projecting beyond the hindwing. Neuration not described. Of the
two species described in this genus the second is a Notodontida, the first (the genotype) is said to be a Cossida.

R. strigosa Wkr. Grey. Thorax with a black transverse band and 2 black stripes. Forewing with black
streaks between the veins, ,^16 lines. South Africa. Owing to the hair-tuft on the head it may be allied with
Arctiocossus antargyreus Fldr.

Tessmannia braueri Bryk. Similar to Eremocossus according to the description; it is no Cossida, but
a Lymantriida.

Alphabetical List

of the African Cossidae with reference to the original descriptions.
* signifies that the form is also figured at the place quoted.

abura Az. Plots Stett. Bnt. Z. 41, p. 77.

abyssinica Coss. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 132.

aegyptiaca Coss. Harps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 132.

albiiasciata Cor. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 133.

albiguttata Tr. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 134.
albovittata Az. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Ilist. (8) 2, p. 263.
antargyreus Arct. Fldr. Reise Novara Taf. 82, 10.
argillosa Phrag. Le Cerf Bull. Mus. Paris 1919, p. 161.
armstrongi Duom. Hmps. Bull. Ent. Res. 5, p. 245. *
arvensis Tr. Janse Ann. Natal Mus. 3, p. 613.
asylas Az. Cr. Pap. Exot. Taf. 137.

atrifasciata Az. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 481.
atriplaga Xyl. Le Cerf Bull. Mus. Paris 1919, p. 30.
atrireta Phrag. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 129.
aurivillii Az. Ky. Cat. Heter., p. 872.
auroguttata Call. H.-Schdff. AuBereurop. Schmett. f. 173.

biatra Xyl. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 131.
bivittata Az. Wkr. List Lep. Br. Mus. 32, p. 586.
boisduvalii Az. H.-Schdff. AuBereurop. Schmett. f. 167.
breviculus Coss. Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5) 9, p. 344.
brunneofasciatus Coss. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 542.*
brunni Phrag. Pagst. Jahrb. Hambg. wiss. Anst. 10, p. 245.

castaneus Pect. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 543. *
capensis Xyl. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1533.
cirrilator Coss. Le Cerf Bull. Mus. Paris 1919, p. 107.
crassilineatus Coss. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 542. *
crassus Xyl. Dry. Ill. Exot. Ent. 3, Taf. 2.
cretacea Xyl. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 2, p. 463.

dawsoni Chrys. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 210.

elegans Call. Aur. Kil.-Meru-Exp., p. 51.

fauti Coss. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 133.
ferrugineotincta IIol. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (12). p. 36.
flavitincta Az. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 130.
fulvosparsus Coss. Btlr. List. Ent. 3, p. 26.
fuscibasis Coss. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 542. *
fuscifusa Phrag. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 128.

geminatus Xyl. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14. p. 546. *
grandiplaga Xyl. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 517. *
gyldenstolpei Phrag. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 17 a (32), p. 20. *

henleyi Coss. Warr. & Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 12, p. 23. *
hova Az. Le Cerf Bull. Mus. Paris 1919, p. 28.
hyalinipennis Zeuz. Strd. Berl. Ent. Z. 55, p. 143.

imitata Tr. Janse Ann. Natal Mus. 3, p. 611.
impeditus Coss. Wkr. List Lep. Llet. Br. Mus. 32, p. 583.
inclusa Az. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1534.
innominata Phrag. Dalla Torre Cat. Coss., p. 47.
irrorata Phrag. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 128.

kilimanjarensis Or. Holt. Ent. 25 Suppl., p. 94.
kwouus Coss. Karsch Werther Reise O.-Afr., p. 312.

lactescens Zenz. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 548 *.

leopardina Az. Dist. Entom. 35, p. 213.

leucopasta Tr. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Ilist. (8) 6, p. 135.

Alphabetical List of the African Cossidae.

551

leucosticta Dud,- limps. Journ. Bomb. N. H. S. 13, p. 227. *
locuples Dysp. Mob. Bull. Soc. Phil. (7) 3, p. 134.
lunifera Xyl. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6. p. 130.

melanonephele Xyl. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6. p. 130.
mesosticta Xyl. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Bond. 1916, p. 165. *
moderata Xyl. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1533.
myrmeleon Eul. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep., t. 82. *

nubilosa Az. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 129.

obscurascens Xyl. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 547. *
obsoleta Xyl. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 547. *
occidentals Or. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (12). p. 35.
ochracea Cor. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 543. *

pallens Phrag. H.-Schaff. AuBereurop. Schmett. I f. 169.
pavidus Coss. Btlr. List. Ent. 3, p. 27.
pectinicornis Phrag. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 80 A (10), p. 103.
pelostoma Phrag. M. Her. Iris 37, p. 15.
pelverulentus Tr. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 135.
pindarus Xyl. Fawc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 733.
polyoplaga Xyl. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 131.
proleuca Er. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896, p. 276. *
psyche Az. Le Cerf Bull. Mus. Paris 1919, p. 28.
punctifera Arct. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 543. *
punctulata Cor. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1750.

rauana Call. Strd. I. Ent. Zeitschr. Guben 3 (1909). p. 130.
rectangulatus Coss. Wicln.gr. I. Ent. Zeitschr. Guben 14 (1921).
p. 196.

reussi Coss. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (11), p. 85.

rougemonti Tr. Heyl. C. R. S. Ent. Belg. 35, p. 375.
rudis Macr. Aar. Oef. Vet. Ak. Fork. 57, p. 1054.

scalaris Az. F. Syst. Ent., p. 590.

seineri Coss. Grunbg. Denkschr. .Jena. med. Ges. 16, p. 139.
semicurvatus Coss. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 541. *
senegalensis Er. Le Cerf Bull. Mus. Paris 1919, p. 27.
senex Coss. Btlr. List. Ent. 3, p. 27.

sericeata Phrag. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 129.
sierraleonensis Dud. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 82 A (2), p. 89.
simillima Xyl. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916. p. 166. *
simplex Az. Aur. Ark. f. Zool. 2 (12), p. 42.
sjoestedti Xyl. Aur. Kil.-Meru-Exp., p. 50. *
smaragdinus Coss. Btlr. List. Ent. 3, p. 27.
squameus Xyl. Dist. Ent. 35, p. 213.

steniptera Xyl. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 166. *
stephania Call. Drc. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 685. *
stibarodes Tr. Hmps. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 5, p. 378.
strigosa Reth. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 5, p. 1043.
strigulata Arct. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 543. *
strigulosa Az. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7. p. 1534.
stygialis Tr. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 134.

tandoensis Az. B.-Bak. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 20. p. 330
terebroides Coss. Fldr. Reise Novara t. 82, f. 7.
tristis Coss. Fldr. Ill. Ex. Ent. 3, t. 21.
tristis Xyl. Gaede Iris 29, p. 147.

vinctus Tr. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 32, p. 583.
vosseleri Xyl. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. 14. p. 546. *

windhoekensis Coss. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 78 A (11), p. 86.

Pub. 4. I. 1930.

HEPIALIDAE. General Topics. By Dr. A. Seitz.

553

24. Family: Hepialidae.

In Vol. II (p. 433) it was stated by R. Peitzner that the Hepialidae sharply contrast with all the other
macrolepidoptera and, united with the most primitive group of the microlepidoptera, form the division of the
Jugatae having a frenular lobe instead of bristle. But they seem also in many other respects to be still more
primitive than many of the most closely allied Micro pier ygiidae which, even with the addition of their allies,
the Eriocraniidae, scarcely number more than 50 — 60 species known hitherto. We cannot decide here whether
the Hepialidae are yet to be ranged below the Micropter ygiidae, as Comstock’s view is, or according to Chap¬
man, above this group; we merely state that the Laciniatae (as the union of the two groups of Micropter ygiidae
and Eriocraniidae is called) being the most closely allied to the Hepialidae, still exhibit parts of the mouth
inducive of rather a biting than a sucking action which no more exists in the recent species, but which was
formerly present, since the mandibles of many Laciniatae still exhibit a broad, dentate edge with a hinge that
is apparently still used and only occurs in biting insects.

This structure of the mouth of the Eriocraniidae is extremely similar to that of certain Neuroptera o,
Odonatae which the Hepialidae also resemble in other respects. The most remarkable feature is the elongatedr
dragonfly-like structure of the body and wings. The pro-, meso- and metathorax of the Hepialidae is even still
less solidly jointed than in the dragonflies. The third thoracal segment is still cpiite independent and, by a
waist-shapecl strangulation, it is so far removed from the mesothorax that the place where the hindwings are
joined on is quite a distance from that of the hindwings on the mesothorax, thereby producing a gap between
the bases of the two wings. Moreover, the different abdominal joints (most distinctly shown in the genus
Hepialus itself) are frequently longer than they are broad, thus nearer the shape of the segments of Odonatae
than those of the lepidoptera. Thereby the whole structure of the imago has remained much more like that
of the larval shape than in the lepidoptera of any other group.

A still more striking resemblance of the Hepialidae to the Odonatae is exhibited by the structure of the
head. The entirely different, almost contrary habits of the two insect groups does not admit any clue for the
explanation of this resemblance as being produced by convergency or as the adaptation to the same condition
of the surroundings: as in Odonatae, the Hepialidae exhibit enormously enlarged eyes which, in Australian
Gharagia, sometimes reach so far around the head that they are only separated above by a linear frontal streak,
thus almost the same as in the dragonflies of the Aeschnid genus Gomphus. Besides, the antennae of the
Gharagia are reduced to small, short, bristle-shaped thin threads, so that the formation of the head, abdomen,
and wings is extraordinarily similar to that of ancestral insect forms. If we consider besides that the dragon¬
flies being heliophile rapacious insects show, as mentioned above, life-conditions entirely different from those
of the dusk-loving, mouthless Hepialidae the imagines of which have a very short life and are quite lethargic
with the exception of their flying time often amounting to scarcely half an hour, these resemblances can only
be explained by very distant relationships of the two groups. Other resemblances of the Hepialidae lead to
other families of the Neuroptera, to the Trichopteridae, Panorpidae or Hemerobiidae , and some authors regard
the Eriocrania as the true intermediate links between the. Hepialidae and the Phryganidae.

As all other ancient insect families, the Hepialidae are also distributed over the whole earth. The
palaeontologically most ancient islands and continents, such as New Zealand and Australia, do not only
exhibit a relatively great abundance of ancient Hepialidae, but the latter seem to have maintained themselves
there particularly well and victoriously. Of the more than 250 Hepialid forms known 63 occur in the Ethiopian
region, more than double this number in the American region, and upwards of 100 in the In do- Australian

XIV 70

554

HEPIALUS ; HEPIALISCUS. By M. Gaede.

keniae.

tanganyi-

ClIS.

antarciicus.

aurifaber.

Ihermodes.

ptiloscelis.

tessellaius.

region. Thus the centre of the range of the Hepialidae is as little to he sought for in Africa as in the palaearctic
faunistic region containing still fewer Hepialidae. We can therefore neither expect any genera in Africa, which
are exclusively confined to the Ethiopian district. The only form, Leto venus (80 e), exhibits a habitus deviating
more from the other Hepialidae.

Moreover, the African Hepialidae do not give us the impression of insects belonging to the most
primordial forms of the family. They are mostly of medium size with almost Cossid-like antennae. The
magnificent green colouring of the Australian Charagia is not exhibited in any African form known hitherto.
Most of the species are known from the south. The “Bushvelt“ provides a few species, whilst hardly any
Hepialidae have come from the luxuriant region of the West African rainy forest and from the 1. of Madagascar
which otherwise abounds in animals. — We do not yet know any particulars about the habits of African
Hepialidae ; the larva is known of only one species.

All the genera are without a proboscis, with stunted palpi, spurless tibiae. The latter are mostly strongly
haired, so that it is difficult to ascertain whether a tibial plate is present or not. The antennae of but one genus
are remarkably pectinate and of a normal length, otherwise relatively short. In both the wings veins 9 + 10
are always stalked. The larva of but one species has hitherto been described. From the tropical districts
relatively few species are known; they probably live there in the mountains. By far most of the species occur
in South Africa.

1. Genus: ITepialiis F.

Antennae shorter than the thorax, filiform. [In both wings veins 9 + 10 on a long stalk, 7 and 8
separated. Type: humuli L. from Europe.

H. keniae Holl. (80 b). Thorax dark red-brown, abdomen and wings somewhat lighter. Forewing
at the costal margin spotted dark. In the cell and at its end one oblong silvery white ring each, filled with
wood-brown. A series of small white rings behind them, and a series before the distal margin. The ring at the
cell-end is more or less fused with the next of the series of rings, forming a long white sj)ot. Below the cell
traces of irregular light rings. 40 — 60 mm. East Africa.

H. tanganyicus Rbl. (80 b). Very similar. The spot at the cell-end more pointedly triangular. The
series of rings then following in keniae is absent here. In the submarginal row the two rings above and below
vein 5 are almost invariably vertical, whereby the line is bent. Fringe traversed lighter, which is apparently
not the case in keniae. Costal margin of hindwing with more distinct dark spots than in keniae. 40 — 60 mm.
Tanganyica District, East Africa.

H. antarcticus Wllgr. Wings greyish-brown, at the margins more yellow, with 2 spots in the cell in a
similar position as in the preceding species. These spots and a series before the distal margin golden brown.
South Africa.

H. aurifaber Fldr. (80 e) may be the same species, which however is not to be noticed from Wallen-
gren’s (prior) description. Ground-colour red-brown, at the costal margin reddish-yellow with dark spots.
Distal margin and inner margin with a violet reflection. 55 mm. Cape Colony.

? H. thermcdes Msyr. Wings short. Antennae flattened. Fore wing light ochreous brown, with an
irregular wrhite streak at the median vein as far as its centre. An indistinct row of dark spots inside partly
bordered with white, from the apex to behind the centre of the inner margin. Hindwing dark brown. <$ 30 mm.
Transvaal.

? H. ptiloscelis Meyr. Thorax and wings thinly scaled, abdomen at the base densely long-haired.
Antennae flattened. Forewing elongate, distal margin curved, oblique. Forewing dark brown, hindwing
ochreous grey, fringes of both wings with light tips. Thorax dark brown, abdomen lighter. 22 mm.
Cape Colony.

2. Genus: Hepialiscus Hmps.

Antennae shorter than thorax, filiform. In both wings veins 8 + 9 + 10 stalked. Legs with short
hair. Type: nepalensis Wkr. from India.

H. tessellaius H.-Schdff. Brown with a slight violet reflection. At the costal margin of the forewing
more distinctly spotted light reddish-yellow, below it as far as the inner margin the band-like spots are more
indistinct. Hindwing reddish-brown, somewhat hyaline ( ? rubbed off). From the typical nepalensis it differs

LETO; DALACA. By M. Gaede.

555

in the abdomen and ceil being longer, especially at its posterior edge, so that in the hindwing the absolute
length of vein 3 is rather smaller in this much larger species than in nepalensis. As the legs of my specimen
are very much damaged, there are no other but these slight differences to be noticed. Certainly the position
in Lepid. Catal. Junk (in the genus Phassus) is wrong.

3. Genus: 1 ^eto Hbn.

*

Separated from Hepialus by the feebly haired head and palpi, whereby the tiny palpi are well visible.
Legs much less hairy. Wings beneath (especially forewing) with very long and dense hair. Type: venus Stoll.

L. versus Stoll. (80 f). Thora^vdark reddish-brown. Forewing somewhat lighter. Behind the middle
and at the distal margin one row each of silvery spots, before them as far as the base just as large ones,
irregularly arranged, at the costal and inner margins smaller ones, all distinctly edged with black. Abdomen
and hindwing brownish pink. 100 — 140 mm. South Africa.

4. Genus : Oalaca Wkr.

Palpi short or very short. Antennae of about y3 the length of the forewing with double-rowed
lamellae. Tibial plate half the length of the anterior tibia or shorter. In the forewing veins 7 and 8 somewhat
separated or from the same place, only in ammon and rufescens on a short stalk. Type: nomaqua Wkr.

All the species show on the forewing a light radial and exterior band which may be united or parted.

D. exul H. Schdfj. (= libratus Wkr.). Thorax and forewing reddish-brown, abdomen and hindwing
lighter. In the forewing at the base of the inner margin a white spot. The moderately curved radial band at
the end with a sharp angle. The exterior band is broken up into spots. At the margin white dots. This form
appears to be relatively rarer. — tumidifascia Hmps. (80 e). The exterior band is continuous and connected
with the radial band, the former inside widened behind the cell, the latter extends with a frequently faded lobe
above into the cell. — metaleuca Hmps. Exterior band as in tumidifascia , finely edged with black, the radial
band without a projection into the cell, ending near the base with a fine spot. The white marginal dots are
also present. 30 — 36 mm. South Africa.

D. homoterma Meyr. Blackish-brown, abdomen at the base with long greyish-white hair. Costal
margin of forewing somewhat darker. Radial band faded white, edged with white, its end almost touching
the inner margin, whereby it passes over in a sharp angle into the exterior band which is inwardly lobate behind
the cell as in tumidifascia. In the $ white triangular marginal dots. Hindwing lighter, at the base greyish-
white. Thorax rather lighter than the forewing. 36 — 60 nnn. Cape Colony. This is probably only a dark
form of tumidifascia.

D. aequifascia n. sp. (80 e). Blackish-brown. The radial band extends almost to the base, where it
encloses a black dot, little lighter than the ground-colour, edged with a somewhat whiter colour. In a short
bow it extends into the somewhat undulate, rather equally broad exterior band. Hindwing just as dark.
<$ 36 mm. East Africa. Type in the Berlin Museum.

D. ammon Wllgr. (80 e). Hindwing just as red-brown as forewing. Exterior band broad, pale brown,
edged with white, sometimes slightly separated from the radial band which is narrower, in the centre upcurved,
ending before the base at a dark dot which is not always distinct. — goniophora Hmps. The exterior band does
not begin near the costal margin but only in the centre of the wing (vein 5), and is connected with the radial
band. - — fuscescens Hmps. The radial band is divided into 3 grey spots, the exterior band shows a notch
towards the anal angle. — rhodesiensis Hmps. Before the centre of the inner margin a white spot with which
the radial band may be united and thereby widened. Exterior band very much widened near the costal margin,
both the bands lighter than in the other forms. The $ is paler, the marking thereby rather indistinct. Specimens
with a purely white band are hampsoni Strd. 30 mm. South Africa.

D. nomaqua Wkr. (80 f). The broader exterior band is outside straightly cut off, dark-edged, united
with the rather broad short radial band. Colouring similar to that of ammon. Figure according to a specimen
from South-West Africa, which thus probably belongs to this species. Walker’s description is insufficient,
d 32 — 36 mm. South-West and South Africa.

D. rufescens Hmps. (80 f). In both wings veins 7 + 8 stalked. Pale red-brown. The slightly lighter
bands are edged with silvery white, below the costal margin somewhat broader. Radial band slightly bent,
with a white streak to the base. At the distal margin mostly fine white lunae. $ paler, greyer, indistinctly
marked. — furva Hmps. The two bands are dark-edged, only the basal ray white. 32 — 55 mm. South-Africa.

venus.

exul.

tumidi¬

fascia

metaleuca.

liomoterma.

aequifascia

ammon.

goniophora

fuscescens.

rhode¬

siensis

nomaqua.

rufescens.

furva.

DALACA. By M. Gaede.

Icucophaea.

troglodytes.

cretata.

semicanus.

ibex.

albrrivula.

bacotii.

isorrhoa.

albislriala.

leucocyma.

hololeuca.

brunneo-

iincta.

amphiarma

crossosema.

rliodaula

5f>6

D. leucophaea Janse. Ground-colour olive-brown. Near the base 2 brown spots, the exterior spot
incompletely edged with white. In the cell a white radial line reaching the interior white edge of the exterior
band which is bordered by a somewhat darker shadow only outside, not inside. Submarginal line white.
Marginal dots white, triangular, inside with a dark shadow. At the inner margin a small quadrangular white
spot. On the hindwing a light exterior band distinct, marginal spots indistinct. S' 38 mm. Cape Colony.

B. troglodytes Janse. Forewing reddish-brown. Near the base an oval, somewhat strangulated,
blackish-brown spot edged with yellowish- white. The exterior band is on both sides edged with yellowish-
white, inside somewhat broader so; it begins at vein 9, sending at vein 2 a spur to the inner margin, then towards
the base in the middle npeurved as far as into the cell, and touching the oval spot; at its basal end dark spots
above and below it. Before the exterior band a strong dark shadow, behind it dark spots, partly edged with
yellowish-white. At the inner margin a white line, no spot, at the distal margin a light zigzag line. Hinclwing
cinnamon-brown with a faint light exterior band and feeble light marginal spots. 36 mm. Cape Colony.

The following species with a lighter, more yellowish-brown ground-colour.

D. cretata Dist. Wings pale brown. Forewing with lactean bands. The radial band extends sharply
angled into the exterior band which reaches only as far as the cell. £ 22 mm. It may beacrippled specimen.
Transvaal.

D. semicanus Janse. Forewing yellowish-brown, marking silvery white. Costal margin in the proximal
half with white dots. A radial band below the basal half of the cell, then upeurved to the apex, interrupted
at vein 4, besides parted by the veins 8- TO. Behind it white stripes between the veins to the margin, the
anterior ones shorter, only forming marginal dots. Hindwing somewhat darker brown, at the margin lighter.
£ 38 mm. Natal.

D. ibex Wllgr. (80 e). Both wings pale brown. Forewing below the costal margin to the centre white.
The white radial band extends with a sharp angle into the oblique exterior band. Before the distal margin
fine white dots. Fringes of both wings lighter. — albirivula Hmps. Behind the cell before the exterior band
fine white streaks, similar ones at the margin between veins 5 and 2. 32 — 34 mm. Transvaal.

D. bacotii Quail. (80 f). As ibex, but the two bands are uniformly connected, somewhat broader and
more faded, q 30 mm. Transvaal.

D. isorrhoa Meyr. Anterior tibiae short, forewing longer than in the other species. The light radial
band is narrow in the base, from the base of vein 2 irregularly undulated to the apex. Hindwing light grey,
at the base somewhat diaphanous. $ 42 mm. Transvaal.

D. albistriata Hmps. (80 f). Similar to semicanus . Below the costal margin a white band as in ibex.
The two bands are silvery white, united, towards the apex broken up into spots. Marginal spots as in semicanus.
Hindwing yellowish-brown as fore wing. $ 24 mm. Natal.

D. leucocyma Hmps. On the forewing beside the white line below the costal margin below its end an
oblong white streak at the upper cell-end. The radial band is divided into an oblong triangle below the base
of the cell and a small spot above its end within the cell. Inner margin in the basal half white and above it a
small streak at vein 1. The exterior silvery white band is narrow, undulate, from the apex to vein 2, then
upwards and inwards farther to the end of the basal triangle. Marginal spots as in semicanus. 24 mm. Cape
Colony.

B. hololeuca Hmps. (80 g). Feebly yellowish brown, almost white. Costal margin of forewing brown,
veins of a purer white, without markings. Hindwing of the same colour. Beneath both wings pale brown. -
brunneolincta Strd. is on both wings above more intensely brown. 34- -40 mm. South Africa.

The following species are darker, somewhat differently marked.

D. amphiarma Meyr. Forewing dark brown. The white radial band composed of 2 irregular white
streaks as far as the cell-end, then despatching a spur to the inner margin and straight on to the apex, on both
sides bordered spotlike by dark. At the cell-end a white spot, above edged with dark and with white lunular
marginal spots. Hindwing dark brown with 2 light shadows from the centre of the wing to the costal margin
and white marginal lunae. $ 36 mm. Cape Colony.

B. crossosema Meyr. Dark brown, only the abdominal base light. Forewing particularly dark at the
costal margin near the base. In the cell as far as behind its centre 3 clouded dark spots, the last transverse.
The radial band is composed of dark clouded spots, running along below the cell, at the end with a spur towards
the inner margin, at its upper edge margined with whitish-brown; continued as an exterior band almost to
the apex, undulate, inside light-edged. Before it 3 dark clouds near the costal margin. Fringe of both wings
somewhat speckled. J 40 mm. Natal.

B. rliodaula Meyr. Thorax pinkish brownish-grey. Forewing dark brown. Marking pink, edged with
white and blackish. At the costal margin 6 or 7 round spots. A strongly bicurved line in the disc, interrupted
in the middle and connected with the inner margin by 3 or 4 streaks. At the distal margin small spots. Fringe
speckled pink. Hindwing grey with dark spots. Fringe also speckled. 26 mm. Cape Colony.

GORGOPIS. By M. Gaede.

55 /

D. eriogastra Meyr. Posterior tibiae shorter than the tarsi. Forewing somewhat more elongate than erUxjaslra.
in the other species, dark brown. The thin, somewhat lighter radial band is edged with white, then upcurved,
slightly suffused with dark to the apex. Near its base a black spot. At the margin small white lunae. Hindwing
of the same colour, with traces of a light exterior band from vein 3 to the apex. $ 44 mm. Natal.

D. vaporalis Meyr. Posterior tibiae shorter than tarsi. Forewing dark brown, in the centre clouded vapor at in.
white. An undulate, irregular, whitish exterior band from vein 2 to the apex and a still more indistinct band
close at the margin, both somewhat confluent. Hindwing just as dark, somewhat diaphanous at the base.

$ 36 mm. Transvaal.

The following species deviate still more.

D. stictigrapha Hmps. (80 g). Dark brown. By the convex costal margin of the hindwing it resembles sticti-
Gor. plurimaculata. The exterior half of the wing parallel to the distal margin lighter, enclosing a series of small tjrapha
black, white-scaled spots. At the margin fine black dots edged with white scales. Body and hindwing lighter.

$ more indistinctly marked. 36 — 40 mm. Congo District, Rhodesia.

D. holophaea Hmps. (80 g). Antennae of <$, according to the original figure, distinctly short-combed, holophaea.
Ground-colour brown with a slight violet reflection. Fore wing with a number of irregular light lines, angular
and interrupted, outside edged darker. Hindwing more greyish brown. $ 28 mm. Congo District.

D. limbopunctata n. sp. (80 f). Antennae of likewise short-combed. Ground-colour violettish brown, limbo-
thorax darker. Costal margin of forewing with blackish spots outside and inside edged with almost white. punctata
From the centre of the median vein to vein 6 distinct white dots. Below and behind them olive brown indistinct
spots, on the cross-bar below the cell a white streak. Before the distal margin a narrow distinct olive brown
band, inside edged with dark, outside with white, partly triangular dots, a larger dark spot above and below
vein 2 somewhat isolated from the band. At the margin small fine round olive brown spots edged somewhat
light. Fringe dotted white. Hindwing of the same ground-colour, at the costal margin outside with dark spots.

G 30 mm. Cape Colony. Type in the Berlin Museum.

D. xenoctenis Meyr. Body dark brown, forewing somewhat lighter, spotted whitish. The lighter costal xenoctenis.
margin at the base and near the apex with dark spots. In the cell 3 pair of spots, ochreous, dark-edged, a
seventh spot in its apex, one behind the last pair and one above the centre of the first two pairs. The space
between the cell and inner margin is spotted white and pale yellow. An exterior and a submarginal row of
yellowish-brown spots edged with dark. The 3 central spots of the exterior row are white. Behind them small
marginal spots. Hindwing grey, at the costal margin with 3 dark spots. Fringes of both wings speckled grey
and white. G 3b mm. Cape Colony. Owing to the strong lamellae on the antennae it probably does not belong
to Hepiahis.

5. Genus: Gorgojkis Hbn.

Palpi short though longer than in Dalaca. Antennae of almost half the length of the costal margin,
strongly pectinate in the <$, in the $ shorter combed, sometimes only as in Dalaca-^. Tibial plate of anterior
tibia longer than half the length of the latter. In both wings veins 7 + 8 on a short stalk, 9 -j- 10 on a long
one. Type : libania Stoll.

G. libania Stoll ( 80 g). I horax and forewing dark brown, with a silky gloss. Sometimes a curved libania.
obsolete band from the base to before the apex is indicated by a different reflection.

G. auratilis Janse (80 a). Body brown. Forewing brownish-yellow, base and costal margin darker, auratilis.
Hindwing brown. In both wings the veins are feebly darker. $ of a purer yellow, more scantily scaled.

30 — 46 mm. Transvaal.

G. caffra Wkr. (80 h). Smaller than libania. Thorax dark brown. Wings and abdomen reddish brown, caffra.

— cervina Wllgr. is greyish-yellow, at the costal margin darker. According to Janse, cervina is synonymous cervina.
to caffra , according to Aurivillius caffra has longer palpi, cervina shorter ones. I cannot find any sure difference
in the palpi. The ground-colour varies between light greyish-yellow and dark reddish brown. Antennae of $
only finely dentate. 32 — 35 mm. South and East Africa.

G. crudeni Janse. Body and wings olive brown. Antennal shaft of $ light with fine dark transverse crudeni.
lines. Costal margin of forewing dark brown. Wings of C more thinly scaled. Antennae distinctly pectinated.

If caffra $ is just as dark as crudeni it has lighter hindwings. 32 — 42 mm. Cape Colony. Larva grey, beneath
somewhat brownish-grey, its skin glossy, partly somewhat wrinkled, with few short hairs; head and neck-
shield olive brown. The length of the slender larva stated to be 22 mm probably does not refer to a full-grown
specimen. As its European allies it lives in a silk-tube which, however, is provided with a trap-door.

558

GORGOPIS. By M. Gaede.

aUicola. G. altkola Aur. (80 h) has short dark brown wings. Abdomen at the base and the beginning of the

hindwing with yellow hair. Thorax and palpi blackish-brown. 32 mm. Kilimandjaro.

abboiiii. G. abbottii Holl. (80 li). Body and wings very pale brown, at the margins pale yellowish, with a silky

gloss. The original figure is surely marred, but it shows that it is a light, relatively long-winged species, so that

1 presume my figured specimen from a series of Abyssinians to be this species. The $ is just as large, with
scarcely narrower wings, the antennae half as long pectinated as in the <$. 45 — 50 mm. East Africa, Abyssinia.
The specimens quoted as abbottii from the Kilimandjaro are, according to my specimens from that district,
extremely short-winged and presumably libania.

The following species more or less marked.

Costal margin of forewing darker than the rest, before the distal margin dark spots.

plurhna- G. plurimaculata Warr. (80 li). Forewing greyish-brown. Costal margin spotted dark. The somewhat

cutaia. darker area is bordered by a line extending from % costal margin about vertically to vein 2 and then to the
base. From the apex to % inner margin a mottled dark band. Thorax as dark as the costal margin, abdomen
and hindwing as the main part of the forewing. $ 38 mm. Cape Colony.

grisescens. G. grisescerts n. sp. (80 li). The dark brown costal margin only extends to the lower basal ray of the

cell and to the base of vein 8, then along the latter to the distal margin. In the cell above the base of vein

2 a somewhat dark, light-edged spot. From about y2 the inner margin to the centre of vein 6 a curved row
of light-edged spots on a greyish-brown ground and a row of oblong marginal spots, also light-edged. <$ 32 mm.
Cape Colony. Type in the Berlin Museum.

Marking radially striped.

aHiludinis. G. altitudinis Le Cerf. Thorax dark brown. Forewing earth-brown with a yellowish-white line through

the centre of the cell. Below and behind the cross-vein lighter. Hindwing greyish-brown, abdomen reddish-
brown. $ pale reddish-brown. 34 — 52 mm. Kilimandjaro.

built ri . G„ butleri Dew. (80 g). Similarly coloured. The light basal ray wedge-shaped almost to the distal

margin, at the cross-vein interrupted by a dark spot. Below the base of the cell a larger spot and behind it
a streak from the base of vein 2 downwards. Before the margin a light notched line. $ 38 mm. Cape Colony.

zelleri. G. zelleri Dew. (80 h). Dark chocolate. The light radial streak is narrower, forked behind the cell,

almost divided by a sjDot at the cross-vein. Below the cell as far as the base of vein 2 a broader light band.

45 mm. Cape Colony.

olivaecono- G. olivaceonotata Warr. (80 g). Greyish-brown. At the costal margin blackish spots and transverse

icdu. rows 0f olive brown spots. The white radial band is broken up into 3 spots, besides a white streak below the
cell. A fine white streak below the base of the costal margin, fine white dots at % costal margin and before
the distal margin near vein 4. Hindwing greyish-brown, at the apex spotted dark. $ 32 mm. Cape Colony.

The original figure shows short-combed antennae. The whole sketch strongly recalls Dalaca holophaea
and limbo punctata , so that the species probably also belongs to them.

The following species are more radially striped.

intervallata. G. intervallata Warr. (80 h). Thorax olive brown, abdomen lighter. Forewing creamy white. At the

costal margin, in the centre of the cell and at the inner margin olive brown. From there to vein 4 the veins
are broad olive brown, above it only finely so, with a submarginal band of spots almost to the costal margin.
Hindwing at the costal margin and apex as well as at the veins brown, otherwise as forewing. $ 32 mm.
Cape Colony.

fuscalis. G. fuscalis J arise. Thorax dark brown, abdomen yellowish-brown. Forewing greyish-brown, at the

costal margin darker. The bands pale yellow. A band at the lower cell-margin as far as vein 4, where it is
widened, narrow between veins 4 and 5. Another band above the basal ray in the cell, and between veins 5
and 7 interruptedly continued. Above it short light stripes. Hindwing greyish-yellow, costal margin and veins
darker. 22 — 25 mm ( ?), larger than caffra. Transvaal.

leucopeiala. G. leucopetala Meyr. Similar to intervallata. Ground-colour dark brown, costal margin and forewing

darker. Marking white. Below the base of the cell only 2 white spots separated by a dark one. The cell only
above its lower edge white. Behind the cell only at the upper angle a light spot, not so extensively light as in
intervallata. Behind it small light spots between veins 2 and 8, between 5 and 7 a larger one, below 2 a very
small one. Besides small marginal dots. Hindwing dark brown. 24 mm. Pondoland.

'pholidoia. Go pholidota Meyr. also resembles intervallata. Dark brown, at the costal margin of the forewing

darker. In the cell the two light streaks of intervallata. Below the base of the cell only 1 light spot. Between the

GORGOPIS. By M. Gaede.

559

veins irregular light radial bands, those above vein 7 divided into 2 spots each. The white marginal spots are
narrowly separated from them, in intervallata distantly separated. Hindwing pale brown, at the costal margin
darker, in the cell and between the veins lighter. $ 42 mm. Cape Colony.

The following species with a continuous or interrupted band from the base to the apex.

G. albiplumis Warr. (80 c). Varying from olive grey to olive brown, scantily scaled, costal margin and albiplumis.
cell somewhat darker. The light band at the base broader, irregularly bordered. Behind it 3 rows of indistinct
dark spots between the veins. Marginal line dark, strong. Fringe lighter. Hindwing olive grey, with a marginal
line as on the forewing. $ 30 mm. Cape Colony.

G. annulosa n. sp. (80 b). Larger. Thorax and forewing red-brown. At the costal margin darker, annulosa.
The band is composed of somewhat lighter, dark-centred spots. Above the base of vein 2 a larger, almost
reniform spot. At the margin light semicircles between the veins, filled with the ground-colour. Abdomen and
hindwing yellowish-brown, at the distal margin light red-brown. 38 mm. Transvaal. Type in the Berlin Museum.

G. centaurica Meyr. Separated from annulosa by the marginal area. At the discal margin oblong spots centaurica.
extending more or less to the principal band. Fringe lighter than ground-colour, spotted somewhat darker.

On the hindwing the fringe and at the apex as dark as in annulosa, otherwise ochreous brown, q 42 — 44 mm.

Natal.

G. armillata Meyr. Body and wings ochreous brown. Forewing at the costal margin dark violettish- armillaia.
brown. The principal band also violettish-brown, from the base through the centre of the wing to vein 6, then
shortly upcurved. A similar spot above the centre of the inner margin, and small submarginal ones being
slightly confluent. Fringe spotted dark, on the hindwing not spotted. <$ 45 mm. Natal.

Alphabetical List

with reference to the original descriptions of the forms of the African Hepialidae.
* signifies that the form is also figured at the place quoted .

abbottii Gor. Holl. Entom. 25 Sup pi. , p. 94.
aequifascia Dal. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14. p. 555. *
albiplumis Gor. Wrr. Ann. S.-Afric. Mus. 10, p. 506. *
albirivula Dal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 159.
albistriata Dal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 159.
alticola Gor. Aur. Kil. Meru-Exp., p. 55.
altitudinis Gor. Le Cerf Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 83, p. 401.
ammon Dal. Wllgrn. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 43.
amphiarma Dal. Meyr. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 23, p. 350.
annulosa Gor. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 559. *
antarct.icus Hep. Wllgrn. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 43.
armillata Gor. Meyr. Ann. Transv. Mus. 8, p. 141.
auratilis Gor. Janse Rec. Albany Mus. 3, p. 238.
aurifaber Hep. Fldr. Reise Novara Taf. 82, Fig. 11.

bacotii Dal. Quail Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1900, p. 421. *
brunneotincta Dal. Strd. Arch. f. Nat. 82 A (3), p. 11.
butleri Gor. Dew. Verh. Leop. Carol. Akad. 42, p. 64. *

caffra Gor. Wkr. Cat. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1565.
centaurica Gor. Meyr. Ann. Transv. Mus. 8, p. 141.
cretata Dal. Dist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 20, p. 211.
crossosema Dal. Meyr. Ann. Transv. Mus. 8, p. 143.
crudeni Gor. Janse Rec. Albany Mus. 3, p. 237.

eriogastra Dal. Meyr. Ann. Transv. Mus. 8, p. 143.
exul Dal. H.-Schaff. AuBereur. Schmett. f. 43.

furva Dal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 158.
fuscalis Gor. Janse Rec. Albany Mus. 3, p. 239.
fuscescens Dal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 156.

goniophora Dal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 157
grisescens Gor. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, p. 558. *

hololeuca Dal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 160.
holophaea Dal. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 508.
homoterma Dal. Meys. Ann. Transv. Mus. 8, p. 142.

ibex Dal. Wllgrn. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4, p. 43.

intervallata Gor. Wrr. Ann. S.-Afric. Mus. 10, p. 507. *
isorrhoa Dal. Meyr. Ann. Transv. Mus. 8, p 142

keniae Hep. Holl. Entom. 25 Suppl., p. 94.

leucocyma Dal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6. p. 159.
leucopetala Gor. Meyr. Ann. Transv. Mus. 8, p. 141.
leucophaea Dal. Janse Rec. Albany Mus. 3, p. 343.
libania Gor. Stoll Pap. Exot. 4, 356 F.
limbopunctata Dal. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. 14, }>. 557. *

metaleuca Dal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 158.

nomaqua Dal. Wkr. Cat. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 7, p. 1560.

olivaceonotata Gor. Wrr. Ann. S.-Afric. Mus. 10, p. 506. *

pholidota Gor. Meyr. Ann. Transv. Mus. 8, p. 141.
plurimaculata Gor. Wrr. Ann. S.-Afric. Mus. 10, p. 507. *
ptiloscelis Hep. Meyr. Exot. Micr. 2, p. 230.

rhodaula Dal. Meyr. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 23. p. 350.
rhodesiensis Dal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 157.
rufescens Dal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 158.

semicanus Dal. Janse Rec. Albany Mus. 3, p. 244.
stictigrapha Dal. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 507.

tanganvicus Hep. Bbl. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 28, p. 291. *
tessellatus Hep. H.-Schaff. AuBereur. Schmett. f. 147.
tliermodes Hep. Meyr. Ann. Transv. Mus. 8, p. 142.
troglodytes Dal. Janse Rec. Albany Mus. 3, p. 241.
tumidifascia Dal. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6, p. 157.

vaporalis Dal. Meyr. Ann. Transv. Mus. 8, p. 142.
venus Leto Stoll Pap. Exot. 3, 286 C.

xenoctenis Dal. Meyr. Ann. S.-Afr. Mus. 23, p. 351.

zelleri Gor. Dew. Verh. Leop. Carol. Akad. 42, p. 64. *

500

List of the newly established genera.

List

of the genera newly established in Vol. XIV.

Aethiopina (Metarbelidae) Gaede 508.

Ancistrina (Drepanidae) Gaede 288.

Anexotamos (Lymantriidae) Hering 157.
Antheusina (Notodontidae) Gaede 433.

Antizana (Notodontidae) Gaede 437.

Arctozygaena (Zygaenidae) Gaede 35.

Charistia (Limacodidae) Hering 464.

Croremopsis (Lymantriidae) Hering 136.

Dasychirinula (Lymantriidae) Hering 187.
Dasychoproctis (Lymantriidae) Hering 151.
Diastemina (Notodontidae) Gaede 431.

Dinometa (Lasiocampidae) Aurivillius 275.
Drapena (Drepanidae) Gaede 289.

Drepanulina (Drepanidae) Gaede 287.

Eopirga (Lymantriidae) Hering 156.

Epiphalera (Notodontidae) Gaede 418.
Euproctillopsis (Lymantriidae) Hering 142.
Euprotillina (Lymantriidae) Hering 141.
Eurystauropsis (Notodontidae) Gaede 430.
Eutrotonotus (Notodontidae) Gaede 440.

Fentonina (Notodontidae) Gaede 421.

Gonopaclia (Lasiocampidae) Aurivillius 256.
Grammodora (Lasiocampidae) Aurivillius 259.

Henometa (Lasiocampidae) Aurivillius 269.
Hypsiiorma (Arctiidae) ( Oberthiir ined.) Gaede 89.

Karschiola (Artiidae) Gaede 112.

Laelaroa (Lymantriidae) Hering 163.

Laeliolina (Lymantriidae) Hering 163.

Laelaroa (Lymantriidae) Hering 154.
Laelioproetis (Lymantriidae) Hering 143.
Lamorina (Notodontidae) Gaede 141.

Lepidolacipa (Lymantriidae) Hering 141.

Leptometa (Lasiocampidae) Aurivillius 272.

| Liparodonta (Lymantriidae) Hering 197.

j Marblepsis (Lymantriidae) Hering 158.

| Marbloides (Lymantriidae) Hering 157.

Metarctina (Notodontidae) Gaede 417.
j Mimopacha (Lasiocampidae) Aurivillius 251.

j Neomardara (Lymantriidae) Hering 155.
Noliproctis (Lymantriidae) Hering 152.

Oclianella (Lasiocampidae) Aurivillius 265.

! Ogovodonta (Notodontidae) Gaede 438.

J Onoplialera (Notodontidae) Gaede 418.

Pachyphlebia (Limacodidae) Hering 468.
Pecticossus (Cossidae) Gaede 542.

Pedalonina (Aegeriidae) Gaede 528.

'

| Pirgulina (Pterothysanidae) Hering 125.

| Porthesaroa (Lymantriidae) Hering 151.

| Pseudobarobata (Notodontidae) Gaede 438.
Pseudostracilla (Pterothysanidae) Hering 124.
Pygaerina (Notodontidae) Gaede 425.

Scranciola (Notodontidae) Gaede 425.

Soloella (Arctiidae) Gaede 90.

Sohvezia (Notodontidae) Gaede 439.
Stilpnaroma (Lymantriidae) Hering 133.
Suarezia (Lymantriidae) Hering 151.
Subscrancia (Notodontidae) Gaede 425.

Trachyptenidia (Limacodidae) Hering 466.
Turnacoides (Notodontidae) Gaede 427.

Utidaviana (Notodontidae) Gaede 436.

Xanthodonta (Notodontidae) Gaede 435.

Zeuzeropecten (Cossidae) Gaede 547.

Pub l 23. 1. 1930.

List of the new species and varieties.

561

List

of the new species and varieties described in vol. 14.

abyssinica (Hvaloperina) Hering 139.
achatina (Dasychira) Hering 168.
acroleuca (Dasychira) Hering 176.
actuosa (Laelia) Hering 159.
aegra (Laelia) Hering 161.
aequifascia (Dalaca) Gaede 555.
aeruginosa (Pectinophora) Gaede 408.
affinis (Euproctillopsis) Hering 142.
affinis (Marbloid.es) Hering 158.
afflicta (Niphadolepis) Hering 468.
albescens (Polienus) Gaede 436.
albiapex (Dasychira) Hering 167.
albicans (Desmeocraera varia) Gaede 414.
albidilinea (Eurystauropsis) Gaede 430.
albidorsa (Scrancia) Gaede 424.
albidorsata (Phiala) Gaede 299.
albimaculata (Dasychira) Hering 177.
albinula (Euproctis) Hering 148.
albiplaga (Phycitimorpha) Gaede 426.
albiplaga (Teracotona submacula) Gaede 111.
albiplagiata (Peratodonta) Gaede 406.
albiplagiatus (Cossus crassilneatus) Gaede 542.
albipuncta (Desmeocraera) Gaede 413.
albovenosa (Paryphanta) Hering 453.
allotria (Dasychira) Hering 167.
amata (Dasychira) Hering 187.
amator (Delorhachis) Hering 462.
amaura (Laelia) Hering 161.
arnica (Delorhachis) Hering 462.
angolensis (Laelia haematica) Hering 161.
angolensis (Thyretes) Gaede 50.
angulata (Desmeocraerula) Gaede 416.
angulata (Lophopteryx) Gaede 408.
angulata (Pseudobarobata) Gaede 438.
angulata (Pygaerina) Gaede 425.
angulatus (Oeceticus) Gaede 483.
angulifascia (Teragra) Gaede 511.
angustifascia (Latoia nivosa) Hering 466.
ania (Dasychira) Hering 177.
annulosa (Desmeocraera coniluens) Gaede 415.
annulosa (Gorgopis) Gaed 559.
arcuata (Rhodoneura) Gaede 494.

XIV

argentifera (Aethiopina) Gaede 503.
atrifasciata (Scrancia) Gaede 424.
atrodisca (Euproctis) Hering 146.
aurea (similipepsis) Gaede 535.
aureopsis (Porthesaroa) Hering 151.

badia (Gonometa.) Aurivillius 257.
bananoides (Lymentria) Hering 194.
barbara (Dasychira) Hering 167.
barombina (Ceryx) Gaede 42.
basilinea (Dasychira) Hering 171.
basiplaga (Teragra) Gaede 511.
basipuncta (Turnacoides) Gaede 427.
bicolorata (Scalmicauda) Gaede 403.
bicurvata (Phaegorista) Gaede 89.
bifasciata (Metarbela) Gaede 508.
bifenestrata (Synanthedon) Gaede 521.
bilineata (Miresa) Hering 469.
bilineata (Zinara) Hering 456.
biplagiata (Eohemera) Gaede 115.
bipuncta (Pirga) Hering 156.
bipuncta (Suarezia) Hering 151.
bivittata (Chrysopsyche) Aurivillius 210.
blasphemia (Dasychira) Hering 177.
blastema (Dasychira) Hering 187.
brunnea (Pydna) Gaede 436.
brunneicosta (Desmeocraera) Gaede 413.
brunneofasciatus (Cossus) Gaede 542.
brunnescens (Aeanthopsyche) Gaede 485.
brunnescens (Phlehodicha) Hering 449.
brunnescens (Scrancia) Gaede 424.
bryki (Mimopacha) Aurivillius 252.

Candida (Eopirga) Hering 156.

castanea (Borocera) Aurivillius 267.

castanea (Ortharbela) Gaede 506.

castaneus (Pecticossus) Gaede 543.

castor (Dasychira) Hering 168.

cedestis (Dasychira) Hering 172.

cervina (Borocera madagascariensis) Aurivillius 267.

cervinum (Taragama) Aurivillius 239.

I chera (Rhypopterix diplogramma) Hering 19S.

71

562

List of the new species and varieties.

chilophaea (Cifuna nigroplagata) Hering 189.

chlorobasis (Dasychira) Hering 177.

chloropliila (Dasychira) Hering 166.

cliloroscia (Dasychira) Hering 167.

chorista (Dasychira) Hering 166.

chrysogrannna (Dasychirinula) Hering 187.

cinerascens (Borocera madagascariensis) Aurivillius 267.

cingulata (Pseudomelittia) Gaede 533.

circulosa (Desmeocraera) Gaede 414.

citrago (Lomadonta) Hering 190.

citrinarius (Lobobunaea epithyrena) Gaede 329.

citrona (Laelia) Hering 163.

civilis (Aclonophlebia) Hering 191.

clarior (Teragra simplicius) Gaede 511.

clarissima (Carcinarctia laelioides) Gaede 94.

confluens (Desmeocraera) Gaede 415.

confluens (Euproctis) Hering 148.

conspersa (Lymantria) Hering 195

contemptor (Euproctis) Hering 148.

convergens (Omocena) Hering 467.

convexa (Liparodonta) Hering 197.

crassilineatus (Cossus) Gaede 542.

croperoides (Laelia) Hering 163.

cuprea (Salagena) Gaede 505.

curvilimes (Temnora zantus) Hering 375.

cymatophorina (Dasychira plotzi) Hering 186.

daphne (Dasychira) Hering 168.
daphnoides (Dasychira) Hering 168.
dasychirina (Hoplitis) Gaede 421.
debilis ( Xanthodonta ) Gaede 435.
deeolorata (Aroa melanoleuca) Hering 154.
defasciata (Psalisodes) Gaede 423.
deflecta (Aioa achrodisca) Hering 154
degenerata (Pachyphlebina) Hering 468.
deleta (Leptaroa) Hering 150.

erecta (Eurystaura) Gaede 429.
erecta (Metarbela) Gaede 508.
euproctoides (Crorema) Hering 135.
extensa (Desmeocraera) Gaede 415.
extensa (Peratodonta) Gaede 406.
extensa (Phlebodicha afflata) Hering 449.
extrema (Laelia) Hering 158.

fasciata (Nudaureha gueinzii) Gaede 325
fasciata (PseudonacUa) Gaede 48.
fasciata (Pygaerina lugubris) Gaede 425.
flava (Eurystaura) Gaede 429.
flava (Leptaroa paupera) Hering 150.
flaveola (Aclonophlebia) Hering 191.
flavibasis (Anexotamus) Hering 157.
flavimargo (Laelaroa) Hering 163.
flavina (Phiala) Gaede 298.
flavipunctatus (Paratrotonotus) Gaede 440.
flavissima (Pseudomantria) Hering 466.
flavoanalis (Syntomis) Gaede 45.
flavomarginata (Lechrolepis) Aurivillius 219.
floridula (Euproctis) Hering 146.
formosa (Scalmicauda bisecta) Gaede 405.
fraterna (Lebedodes) Gaede 503.
fucosa (Stenarctia quadripunctata) Gaede 103.
fulgorifera (Parathosea) Hering 458.
funebris (Jana) Gaede 304.
funebris (Metarbela) Gaede 509.
furfurea (Latoia cineracea) Hering 465.
fusca (Onophalera duplex) Gaede 418.
fusca (Stilpnotia) Hering 131.
fuscata ( Hibrildis verosa) Hering 124.
fuscata (Salagena) Gaede 505.
fuscibasis (Cossus) Gaede 542.
fuscoradiata (Teragra basiplaga) Gaede 511.
fuscula (Dasychira) Hering 185.

dentata (Euproctis) Hering 148.

denudata (Dasychira) Hering 173.

deplagiata (Dasychira) Hering 172.

desperata (Natada) Hering 470.

dewitzi (Lechriolepis) Aurivillius 220.

diatona (Dasychira) Hering 186.

diffusa (Aclonophlebia) Hering 191.

dina (Dasychira) Hering 187.

diplogramma (Rhypopterix) Hering 198.

discata (Salagena) Gaede 504.

disjuneta (Betousa) Gaede 496.

disparina (Aclonophlebia) Hering ®192.

distalis (Epanaphe) Gaede 399.

divisa (Parastaura) Gaede 429.

dolosa (Marblepsis) Hering 158.

dubiosa (Dasychoproctis) Hering 151.

duplex (Onophalera) Gaede 418.

duplicata (Alenophalera variegata) Gaede 418.

duplicata (Epitoxis) Gaede 47.

ecclesiastica (Macrosemyra) Hering 455.
elegantula (Marbla) Hering 157.
eleuteriopsis (Ruanda) Hering 136.
elongata (Antheua) Gaede 433.
eos (Laelia) Hering 163.

gemina (Alatanadata) Gaede 441.
geminata (Desmeocraera) Gaede 415.
geminatus (Xyleutes) Gaede 546.
gennnatula (Lacipa) Hering 142.
gephyra (Dasychira) Hering 170.
glauca (Desmeocraera) Gaede 413.
gloriosa (Crothaema) Hering 455.
gloriosa (Dasychira) Hering 166.
gloveroides (Dasychira) Hering 170.
grammodes (Dasychira) Hering 177
grandiplaga (Xyleutes) Gaede 547.
grisea (Hoplitis) Gaede 421.
grisea (Ocinara) Gaede 284.
grisea (Zana) Gaede 435.
griseola (Lechriolepis) Aurivillius 218.
griseomaculata (Scalmicauda) Gaede 404.
grisescens (Gorgopis) Gaede 558.

hampsoni (Dasychira) Hering 182.
liampsoni (Euchromia) Seitz 57.
hanningtoni (Syntomis cerbera) Seitz 44.
hastifera (Dasychira) Hering 176.
hippocastanaria (Desmeocraera) Gaede 411
hyalinula (Laeha) Hering 163.
hypoci'ita (Dasychira) Hering 176.

List of the new species and varieties.

563

ignorata (Phlebodicha) Hering 450.
immaculata (Ancistrina) Gaede 289.
improba (Niphadolepis) Hering 468.
impura (Laelia) Hering 159.
inaffinis (Polymona) Hering 189.
incerta (Laelia) Hering 162.
incompleta (Antheusina) Gaede 433.
inconspicua (Alenophalera variegata) Gaede 418.
inconspicua (Metarbela) Gaede 508.
incredibilis (Trachyptenidia) Hering 466.
indistincta (Pydna) Gaede 437.
infausta (Pseudostracilla ) Hering 124.
innocens (Croremopsis) Hering 136.
insigrata (Antbeua) Gaede 433.
insignifica (Teragra simplicius) Gaede 511.
intacta (Parypbanta) Hering 453.
intensiva (Tricboloba) Gaede 438.
intermissa (Laeba) Hering 159.
inversa (Salagena) Gaede 505.
inversus (Pbasicnecus) Gaede 308.
iracunda (Macroplectra) Hering 458.

janenschi (Laelia) Hering 161.
janenschi (Syntomis) Gaede 46.
jansei (Anadiasa) Aurivillius 260.
jansei (Marsballiana) Gaede 506.
jordani (Leptaroa) Hering 150.
jordani (Pb'gubna) Hering 125.

kamerunica (Euproctis) Hering 148.

lacipa (Portbesaroa) Hering 151.
lactea (Scrancia) Gaede 424.
lactescens (Xyleutes) Gaede 548.
laeliopsis (Dasycbira) Hering 175.
lampra (Dasycbba) Hering 166.
lanceolata (Parasa) Hering 463.
latifascia (Euproctilla) Hering 141.
latifasciata (Desmeocraera) Gaede 413.
latifasciata (Metarbela) Gaede 508.
latifasciata (Ehenea) Gaede 416.
lemuria (Dasychba) Hering 175.
lemuria (Porthesia) Hering 140.
leucogramma (Dasycbira) Hering 176.
leucophaea (Desmeocraera) Gaede 415.
leucoptera (Laeba) Hering 163.
leucostigmata (Dasycbira) Hering 176.
limbopunctata (Dalaca) Gaede 557.
litigiosa (Dasychba) Hering 181.
longistriata (Dasycbba) Hering 177.
loxogramma (Dasycbba) Hering 176.
lugubris (Arniocera) Gaede 27.
lugubris (Metarctia) Gaede 53.
lugubris (Pygaerina) Gaede 425.
luteola (Pbga) Hering 156.
luxuriosa (Niphadolepis) Hering 468.
lymantrioides (Aclonophlebia) Hering 191.

macrodonta (Dasycbba) Hering 178.
maculata (Parypbanta) Hering 454.
malgassica (Dasycbba) Hering 178.

margaritacea (Scrancia modesta) Gaede 424.
marginata (Laeliopsis erythru a) Aurivillius 217.
marginerotata (Cifuna) Hering 189.
maxima (Cbadbsa) Gaede 420.
medialis ( Fur ystaura triangularis) Gaede 429.
mediofasciata (Dasycbba) Hering 175.
meinickei (Abynotha) Hering 188.
meianochila (Stilpnotia) Hering 131.
melanoproctis (Pasyt.hba) Hering 186.
melanoxantha (Estigmene) Gaede 101.
melochlora (Dasychba) Hering 178.
meridionabs (Macroplectra rosea) Hering 458.
mesoxantha (Laeba) Hering 161.
minima (Olapa nigricosta) Hering 137.
multidentata (Euproctis) Hering 148.
multilinea (Dasycbba) Hering 186.
multilineata (Solwezia) Gaede 439.
murina (Chondrostega) Aurivillius 207.
mus (Taeniopteryx) Gaede 430.

natalica (Philotherma rosa) Aurivillius 228.
nebulifera (Dasychba) Hering 176.

| nefas (Macroplectra) Hering 459.

| neglecta (Latoia) Hering 466.

| nigerruina (Dasychba torniplaga) Hering 175.

| nigricans (Janomima mariana) Gaede 295.

! nigrifasciata (Desmeocraera) Gaede 414.

! nigropuncta (Pteredoa) Hering 133.

| nigrovenata (Euproctis nessa) Hering 146.

| nigrovittata (Bombycopsis indecora) Aurivillius 233
j nitens (Lamorina) Gaede 427.
niveola (Marblepsis) Hering 158.
noctua (Portbesaroa) Hering 151.
nosera (Leptaroa paupera) Hering 150.
notia (Dasycbba) Hering 166.
nubilata (Parypbanta) Hering 454.

obscura (Eurystaura) Gaede 429.
obscura (Philotherma) Aurivillius 231.
obscurascens (Xyleutes) Gaede 547.
obscurior (Graphidura) Gaede 405.
obsoleta (Xyleutes obscurascens) Gaede 547.
ocellatula (Dasycbba) Hering 180.

| ockracea (Corypbodema) Gaede 543.

ochracea (Metarbela) Gaede 508.
j ockreicosta (Teragra) Gaede 511.

ochrescens (Phiala) Gaede 301.
j ochricostata (Metarctina) Gaede 417.
olivacea (Eurystaura) Gaede 429.
obvacea (Peratodonta) Gaede 406.
olbis (Sapelia) Hering 136.
omissa (Dasychba) Hering 171.
ophthalmodes (Dasychba) Hering 181.
orbata (Paryphanta) Hering 454.
ornata (Diastemina) Gaede 431.
orpknina (Dasycbba) Hering 186.
ostentator (Dactyloceras) Hering 351.
ostentum (Euproctis) Hering 147.

pachytaenia (Dasyclbra) Hering 177.
pactor (Laeba) Hering 162.

564

List of the new species and varieties.

paetula (Laeliolina) Hering 154.

pais (Dasychira) Iiering 177.

pallidula (Laelia) Hering 163.

paradoxa (Marbloides) Hering 157.

paupera (Bracharoa charak) Hering 164.

paupera (Leptaroa) Hering 150.

perpusilla (Euproctis) Hering 149.

perseplione (Nudaurelia anthina) Gaede 324.

personata (Paryphanta) Hering 454.

phylax (Dasychira) Hering 167.

pirgula (Marblepsis) Hering 158.

pista (Dasychira) Hering 167.

plagifera (Metarbela) Gaede 508.

plotzi (Dasychira) Hering 186.

pluto (Dasychira) Hering 176.

poecila (Dasychira) Hering 167.

polia (Dasychira) Hering 173.

pollux (Dasychira) Hering 168.

postalbida (Seirarctia) Gaede 105.

preussi (Apisa) Gaede 52.

privata (Argyrothyris) Gaede 407.

privata (Hyalopernia) Hering 139.

privata (Lacipa picta) Hering 141.

privata (Latoia) Hering 466.

problematica (Dasycliira) Hering 174.

promissa (Laelia impura) Hering 159.

propensa (Dasychira stigmatica) Hering 169.

prospera (Dasychira) Hering 182.

protecta (Laelia) Hering 163.

prainosa (Lymantria) Hering 194.

pseudolacipa (Laelia) Hering 163.

pseudosatanas (Dasychira) Hering 183.

pulclierrima (Dasychira) Hering 169.

punctata (Alenophalera variegata) Gaede 418.

punctifera (Arctiocossus) Gaede 543.

punctum (Fentonina) Gaede 421.

purissima (Stilpnotia) Hering 130.

purpurea (Delorhachis) Hering 462.

putris (Euproctis) Hering 145.

quadrangula (Teragra) Gaede 511.
quadripunctata (Scranciola) Gaede 425.
quinquemaculata (Arctozygaena) Gaede 35.

rectangulata (Stenosaui’a) Gaede 430.
rectilinea (Graphidura) Gaede 405.
rcctilinea (Hoplitis) Gaede 422.
reducta (Birthama) Hering 459.
reducta (Bracharoa) Hering 164.
reducta (Syntomis cerbera) Seitz 44.
reimeri (Acanthopsyche) Gaede 485.
rendalliana (Nudaurelia) Gaede 322.
reticulata (Lebedodes) Gaede 502.
rliopaluni (Dasychira) Hering 177.
robusta (Lacipa) Hering 142.
rorida (Euproctis) Hering 148.
roseibrunnea (Pseudaphelia) Gaede 336.
rothscliildi (Gonopaclia) Aurivillius 256.
rotundata (Miresa) Hering 469.
ruandana (Homochira) Hering 150.
rubricosta (Dasychira) Hering 167.

rubroviridis (Lymantria) Hering 196.
rufa (Metarbela) Gaede 508.
rufibasalis (Paryphanta) Hering 454.
rufivena (Andrallochroma) Hering 471.
rulotincta (Aclonophlebia) Hering 191.
rusticana (Lymantria) Hering 193.

sagittata (Desmeocraera) Gaede 411.

sagittata (Digama) Gaede 90.

sagittata (Scrancia) Gaede 424.

sagittiphora (Dasychira) Hering 176.

sanguinea (Dasychira) Hering 170.

sapelensis (Leptometa matuta) Aurivillius 272.

sarcistoides (Lacipia) Hering 142.

satanas (Charistia) Hering 464.

satanas (Dasychira) Hering 182.

satyrus (Euproctilla) Hering 141.

scotina (Dasychira) Hering 176.

scurra (Dasychira) Hering 167.

seitzi (Dasychira) Hering 168.

semicirculata (Aethiopina) Gaede 504.

semicurvatus (Oossus) Gaede 541.

semifasciata (Ortharbela) Gaede 506.

semimarginata (Pedalonina) Gaede 528.

sericaria (Laelia) Hering 163.

serrata (Thosea) Hering 457.

siderea (Pteredoa) Hering 134.

siga (Laelia) Hering 163.

signata (Borocera madagascariensis) Aurivillius 26

simplex (Eurystaura) Gaede 429.

sinistra (Nipliadolepis) Hering 467.

spargata (Dasycliira) Hering 170.

sparsata (Antizana) Gaede 437.

spkalera (Dasycliira) Hering 169.

splialeroides (Dasycliira) Hering 170.

splendida (Laelia) Hering 163.

squamata (Thyranthrene) Gaede 532.

staphylinochrous (Crorema) Hering 135.

stilpnaroma (Cropera) Hering 135.

strandi (Catalebeda) Aurivillius 234.

strandi (Leipoxais) Aurivillius 248.

strandi (Taragama) Aurivillius 239.

striata (Chamanthedon) Gaede 523.

strigulata (Arctiocossus) Gaede 543.

subapicalis (Pteredoa) Hering 133.

subapicalis (Trotonotus) Gaede 440.

subrosea (Scrancia) Gaede 423.

sudanensis (Phlebodicha) Hering 450.

suffusa (Lacipa picta) Hering 141.

summissa (Rhypopterix) Hering 198.

suspecta (Dasychira) Hering 175.

suspensa (Euproctis) Hering 146.

symbolum (Dasychira) Hering 167.

taberna (Dasychira) Hering 175.
tabida (Porthesia) Hering 140.
tacita (Lymantria) Hering 193.
taeniosoma (Laelioproctis) Hering 143.
tamara (Parasa) Hering 463.
taurina (Lymantria) Hering 195.
tessmanni (Dasychira) Hering 173.

List of the new species and varieties.

56

tessmanni (Euproctis) Hering 144.
tessmanni (Paryphanta) Hering 454.
thanatos (Dasychira) Hering 175.
thanatos (Omocena) Hering 467.
torniplaga (Dasychira) Hering 175.
torniplaga (Parathosea) Hering 457.
transversa (Ogovodonta) Gaede 438.
triangularis (Eurystaura) Gaede 429.
triangularis (Metarbela) Gaede 508.
trianguligera (Philotherma) Aurivillius 229.
trimaculata (Teragra) Gaede 511.
trisignata (Metarbela) Gaede 509.
tristicolor (Anthenu) Gaede 433.

ugandensis (Dasychira) Hering 175.
uniforme (Taragama) Aurivillius 237.
uniformis (Epiphalera) Gaede 418.
uniformis (Liparodonta) Hering 197.
uniliueata (Zinara) Hering 456.
unistriga (Phiala) Gaede 299.
ursina (Dasychira) Hering 175.

| vagans (Porthesia) Hering 140.

[ vaporata (Orgyia) Hering 192.

| venosa (Stilpnaroma) Hering 133.
venosata (Lepidolacipa) Hering 141.
venusta ( Spore tolepis) Hering 455.
vesana (Apluda) Hering 471.
violacea (Dasychira) Hering 176.
violascens (Lebedodes) Gaede 502.

Violetta (Salagena) Gaede 505.
viridipallens (Dasychira) Hering 184.
viridipulverea (Chadisra) Gaede 419.
viridis ( Scrancia ) Gaede 424.
vitrina (Hyaloperina) Hering 139.
vosseleri (Xyleutes crassus) Gaede 546.

xanthocephala (Sapelia) Hering 137.
xanthochroma (Dasychira blasphemia) Hering 177
xylopoecila (Dasychira) Hering 176.

zena (Dasychira) Hering 177.

e

566

INDEX.

Index.

The number immediately behind the name refers to the page. The names with a capital initial are those of genera,
the names in italics are synonyms or have been incidentally mentioned.

Plat

A.

abbottii Holl. Gorg. 558 . . . 80 h

abbottii Holl. Spil. 96
abbreviata Kenr. Das. 181 . . 24 g

abdominalis Hmps. Loph. 525
abdominalis Hmps. Sten. 104 . 15 b

abessynica Kocli Epiz. 29 . . . 2 e

abluta Holl. Phia. 301

aburae Plotz Az. 545 . 79 f

Abynotha Swh. 187
Abynolha 129, 193
abyssinensis Mel. 515
abyssinibia Strd. Met. 52
abyssinica Aur. Hen. 337
abyssinica Aur. Phia. 299
abyssinica Hmps. Coss. 541
abyssinica Her. Hya. 139 . . . 21 c
abyssinica Rofhsch. Hpl. 305
abyssinica Spod. 11
abyssinica Strd. Thaum. 396
abyssinicum Aur. Tar. 237 . . . 35 f
abyssinicus Luc. Pseud. 363
abyssiniensis Hmps. Mel. 531 . 77 g

acaciusalis Wkr. Rhod. 493 . . 76 g

Aeantharctia Aur. 101
Acantharctia 106
Acanthopsyche Heyl. 484
Acanthospliinx Aur. 370

accentifera Beauv. Neptk. 372 . 65 a
accipiter Schs. Scr. 423

acetes Ww. Lob. 327 . 53 a

Achaea 16

achatina Her. Das. 168 . . . . 26 li
Acherontia Lasp. 358
Acherontia 353

Aclierontiinae 358

achlora Holl. Ant. 378 . . . . 66 c

acholli B.-Bak. Anth. 433
achrodisca Hmps. Ar. 154 . . . 22 g

ackrosis Hmps. Lith. 83
Aclonophlebia Btlr. 190
Aclonophlebia 130, 193
Acontianae 14
acosmetes Hmps. Mel. 530
Acraea 10, 124
acraea Drury Estigm. 99

acraeina Drc. Nyct. 116 . . . . 18 h

acrisia Plotz Das. 174 . 24 c

Acrojana Aur. 305

acroleuca Her. Das. 176 . . . . 27 f
Acronyctinae 17
Acropteris Hbn. 389

Actias 13, 313, 315
actilis Wllgr. Taeda 449 . .

actuosa Her. Lae. 159 . . .

aculeatum Fawe. Tarag. 240
aculeatum Wkr. Tar. 240 . .
acuminata Wkr. Pseud. 261
acuta B.-Bak. Lael. 159
acuta Strd. Phyll. 297 . . .

acuta Wkr. Turn. 427
acutangularia H.-Schaff. Epip.
adamauana Aur. Par. 463
adansonia Bsd. Pol. 367
adiegatum Ksch. Orth. 344
Adixoana Strd. 536
Adrallia 473

adspersa H.-Schaff. Cror. 135

adspersa Cror. 159

adusta Tessm. Pirg. 125 . . ,

adustum Jord. Orth. 344

adversa Karsch Desm. 414

aeas Cr. Ther. 382

Aegeria 516

Aegeriidae 515

Aegocera 17

aegra Her. Lae. 161 . . . .

aegrota Klg. Som. 445
aegyptiaca Hmps. Coss. 542 .
Aemene Wkr. 68
aenea le Cerf Aen. 525
aema Saalm. Dixoa 496
aenescens Btlr. Mel. 530
aenescens Hmps. Sal. 32
Aenigmina le Cerf 525
aenopion Btlr. Neph. 373
aeola Brylc Brach. 439 . . .

aequalis Wkr. Spil. 96
aequidistans Strd. Phas. 308 .
aequifascia Gd. Dal. 555 . .

aequivalens Wkr. Nepth. 373
aeruginosa Gd. Pecb. 408 . .

aesalon Mob. Macr. 379 . . .
aetheria Strd. Ru. 135 . . . .
aethiopia le Cerf Mel. 529
aethiopica B.-Bak. Lae. 160
aethiopica le Cerf Mel. 529
aethiopica le Cerf Nud. 321
aethiopica Sn. Forth. 140 . .
aethiopica Strd. Grab. 221
Aethiopina Gd. 503
aethiops Hmps. Psy. 485
aethiops Rothsch. Lob. 328
affinis Aur. Anad. 260 . . .
affinis Aur. Dipl. 263 . . . .
affinis Aur. Schau. 251
affinis Bouv. Nud. 325

Plat

. 73 a
. 21 c

. 33 b

. 44 c
391

. 59 d

. 20 f
. 19 b
• 69 g

21 f
79 c

. 72 e

. 47 c
. 80 e
. 65 c
. 69 b
. 66 e
. 21 b

• 77 g

. 20 i
. 30 b

. 37 c
. 37 d

Plat

affinis Her. Eupr. 143 . . . . 28 f

affinis Her. Mar. 158 . 22 h

affinis Holl. Das. 169 . 22 h

affinis Jord. Neur. 30 . 2d

affinis Mob. Par. 462 . 74 d

affinis R. & J . Poly. 366 . . . . 63 c

affinis Rothsch. Bal. 56 ... . 5 e

affinis Rothsch. Maen. 99 ... 13 h

affinis Rothsch. Rhod. 109 . . . 16 e

afflata Karsch PhJeb. 449 . . . 73 a

afflicta Btlr. Niph. 468 . . . . 75 c

afra B.-Bak. Cleapa 422
afra B.-Bak. Mon. 487

afra Rgh. Dor. 23 . 1 c

afra Ksch. Leuc. 364 . 62 f

africana Aur. Scr. 423 . . . . 70 f

africana Beut. Macr. 520 . . . 77 b

africana Btr. Euchr. 57
africana Dist. Bat. 362 . . . . 61 e

africana Hmps. Er. 47 .... 4 d

africana Hmps. Eug. 65 ... . 8 f

africana Holl. Chion. 73 ... . 9 b

africana Holl. Est. 212 . . . . 29 b

africana Holl. Neom. 155 . . . 22 h

africana Holl. Pseud. 423 . . . 70 f

africana le Cerf Pae. 534 . . . 77 i

africana Swh. Dig. 91 . 17 f

Aganais Bsd. 88
Aganais 145, 148

aganais Fldr. Dig. 91 . 17 f

aganice Fawc. Sec. 114
Aganopis 88
Agape 12

Agaristidae 17, 107

agaristoides Bsd. Phaeg. 89 . . 17 c

agatha Oberth. Thyr. 49 ... . 4 h

agathylla Ww. Cyrt. 339
agbaja B.-Bak. Nar. 472
Agliinae 13

aglone H.-Schdff. Lob. 173
Aglossosia Hmps. 75
agues Oberth. Stict. 48

agomensis Ksch. Hoi. 340 . . . 58 e
agonchae Plotz Lith. 82
agramma Hmps. Desm. 412
agramma Hmps. Phyll. 417

agria Dist. Neur. 30 . 2d

agrippina Weym. Ja. 303 . . . 46 b

Agrotis 422

agrotoides Holl Das. 185
Agylla Wkr. 77
Agylloides Strd. 77
Agyrta 448

aino Bryk Othr. 139 . 19 f

aitcha Mab. Sal 31

INDEX.

567

Alatanadata Strd. 440

alba Aur. Pliia. 300 . . . .

alba Janse Ac. 484 .

alba Wllgr. Spil. 98
albabasis B.-Bak. Staph. 24
albacosta Swh. Org. 192
albacostata B.-Bak. Org. 192
albapennnis B.-Bak. Bybl. 29
albaria Plots Apl. 390
albata Strd. Mon. 487
albatalis Sivh. Dixoa 496
albescens Aur. Phry. 87 . .

albescens Gd. Ams. 103
albescens Gd. Pol. 436 . . .

albescens Hmps. Car. 75 . .

albescens Hmps. Macr. 458
albescens J . & T. Hibr. 124
albescens Rothsch. Est. 99
albescens South. Gyn. 333
albiapex Her. Das. 167 . . .
albibasalis Holt. Das. 172
albibasalis Holt. Ilema 83
albicans Btlr. Lith. 79
albicans Wkr. Pseud. 409 . .
albicilia B.-Bak. Chrys. 210
albicilia Hmps. Sal. 505
albiciliata Strd. Nyct. 116
albicincta Hmps. Epit. 47 . .
albicincta Hmps. Horn. 535
albicosta Hmps. Lat. 465 . .
albicosta Pag. Dig. 91
albicostata Hmps. Scalm. 404
albicostata Holl. Das. 184 . .
albicostata Holl Ilema 83
albida Aur. Cam. 306 . . . .
albida Brtl. Spil. 98
albida Drc. Epiph. 317 . . .
albida Hmps. Anaem. 67
albida Hmps. Anth. 432
albida Hmps. Lae. 159
albida Hmps. Pol. 85 ... .
albida Hmps. Pros. 107 . . .
albida Jord. Othr. 138
albida Plots Phia. 301 . . .

albidilinea Gd. Eur. 430 . .

albidilinea Gd. Entr. 440 . .

albidiorata Mat). Micr. 390
albidiscalis Bmps. Chrys. 477
albidorsa Gd. Scr. 424 . . .

albidorsata Gd. Phia. 299 . .
albidula Wkr. Lith. 83 . . .

albifasciata Hmps. Anth. 433
albifasciata Hmps. Pect. 543
albifasciata Hmps. Pyg- 407
albifrons B.-Bak. Stilp. 131
albifrons Guer. Lat. 464 . . .
albifrons Hmps. Epis. 518
albifrons Hmps. Syn. 522
albifrons Strd. Epit. 48
albiguttata Hmps. Teich 549
albilinea Hmps. Lat. 465
albilinea Holl. Das. 165 . . .
albilinea Rothsch. Temm. 374
albilineata Hmps. Thos. 457
albilunulata Karsch Das. 166
albimacula Hmps. Ap. 51 . .
albimacula Wkr. Cer. 42 . .

albimacula Ceryx 46, 48
albimacula Wllgr. Lym. 194 .
albimaculata Her. Das. 177 ■.
albina Plots Cre. 133 . . . .
albinotata Holl. Das. 172 . .
albinotica Strd. Nyct. 116
albinula Her. Eup. 148
albipalpis Hmps. Chalc. 34
albipes Mr. Man. 485
albiplaga Gd. Phyc. 426 . . .
albiplaga Gd. Ter. Ill
albiplagiata Gd. Per. 406 . .

albiplagiatus Gd. Coss. 542
albiplumis Warr. Gorg. 559
albipuncta Drc. Taeda 449
albipuncta Gd. Desm. 413 . .

Plat

44 f
72 i

.lib

. 72 b
• 9 g

. 21 h

. 69 c

4 e

. 74 h

. 68 f
. 25 b

. 46 c

. 48 a

. 11 e
. 15 h

. 43 a
. 71 d

7 s? o*

. 70 h
. 47 e
.lib

• 74 g

. 23 e

6 b
. 3 b

• 25 g
. 27 c
. 20 b
. 23 i

. 70 i
. 68 i
. 80 c
. 69 f

albipuncta Holl. Lat. 465 . . .
albipunctus Hmps. Macr. 520
albiramosa Wkr. Coen. 461 . .

albirivula Hmps. Dal. 556
albisigna Drc. Lomad. 189
albisignata Warr. Rhod. 493
albissima B.-Bak. Stilp. 131
albistriata Hmps. Dal. 556 . .

albitorquata Hmps. Met. 509
albivenata Hmps. Orth. 506
albiventris Beat. Con. 526 . . .
albiventris le Cerf Con. 526
albivertex Strd. Ocin. 284 . . .
albiviata Hmps. Thos. 457
albocincta Rmb. Arg. 112
albofasciata Aur. Pach. 244 . .

albofasciata Drc. Eoh. 115
albolineata Strd. Garg. 423 . .

albolunatus Kenr. Ler. 265 . .

albomaculata le Cerf Hym. 527
albomaculata Strd. Phaeg. 89
albonotata Btlr. Sal. 504 . . .

albopunctata B.-Bak. Hibr. 124
alboradiata Aur. Phyll. 297
albosignata Holl. Das. 181 . .

albospargata Holl. Das. 184
albospargata Holl. Ilema 83
albosparsatus Kenr. Ler. 265
albovenosa Her. Par. 453 . . .
albovittata B.-Bak. Azyg. 545
albula Fawc. Lac. 142
albula Roes. 63
alcestris Weym. Nud . 325
alchornea Schtz. Desm. 413 . .

Alcididi 388
alcinoe Stoll Bun. 320
aldnoina Oberth. Bun. 320
aldabrana Fryer Bet. 496 . . .
aldabrensis Aur. Bat. 362
aldabrensis Fitch. Ut. 93
aldabrensis Hmps. Lith. 83 . .

aldabrensis Fry. Rhod. 109 . .

alenica Strd. Mall. 273 . . . .

alenica Strd. Rhod. 491
alenicola Strd. Loph. 525 . . .

alenicola Strd. Synt. 46 ... .
alenicum Strd. Con. 526 . . . .
Alenophalera Strd. 418
Aletis 10, 14

alianta Karsch Niph. 468 . . .

alicia Btlr. Synt. 44 .

alicia Hmps. Seir. 105 . . . .
aliena Wllgr. Crea. 133

alinda Dry. Lob. 328 .

Allenella Strd. 261
allocata Bryk. Arg. 407 . . . .
allotria Her. Das. 167 . . . .

alluardi Ky. Macr. 378
alluaudi Joan. Macr. 378 . . .

alluaudi le Cerf Horn. 535 . . .
alluaudi le Cerf Met. 509
alluaudi Mob. Sar. 92
alluaudi Oberth. Myops. 43 . .

Alonina Wkr. 527
alopia South. Nud. 325
alopia Ww. Nud. 325
Altha Wkr. 460
althodes Hmps. Ter. 512
alticola Aur. Gorg. 558 . . . .
altitudinis le Cerf Gorg. 558
amabilis Aur. Lae. 160
amabilis Jord. Poly. 368
Amalthocera Bsd. 26
amanda Bsd. Arg. 112 . . . .

amasis Cr. Dion. 105 .

Amata 44

amata Fawc. Scr. 424 . . . .

amata Her. Das. 187 .

Amathusia 20

amathusia Weym. Nud. 326 . .

amator Her. Del. 462 .

amatura Wkr. Chion. 72 . . .

amaura Her. Lae. 161 . . . .

Plat
74 a

74 b

80 f

77 d
41 c

33 f

70 f
37 d

77 e

78 d

24 h

37 d
73 c

69 f

76 g

11 c
13 i
39 c

77 c
4 c
77 d

75 c
3g
15 e

53 c

69 a
23 f

66 d
77 k

3 d

80 h

18 b
15d

70 h
25 c

o3 a
74 c
9 c
23 c

Amauris 10

amaurobapha Mab. Phry. 87
amazoula Bsd. Epit. 47 ... .
ambages Strd. Schal. 132 . . .
amblyphaea Hmps. Mel. 530
ambriensis Pouf. Hyps. 398
ambrixia Btlr. An. 397
Ambulycinae 362
Ambulycinae 357

arnica Her. Del. 462 .

arnica Nyct. 113
Amicta Heyl. 485
amicta Swh. Nat. 470
ammon Ksch. Lob. 327
ammon Wllgr. Dal. 555 . . . .
amoena Fldr. Coen. 461 . . . .
amoena Jord. Am. 27
amoena Mschlr. Euchr. 57 . .

Amorpha 354, 356, 490
amorpha Hmps. Cham. 524
amphiaima Meyr. Dal. 556
Amphicallia Aur. 112
Amphiphalera Hmps. 418
ampla Swh. Eupr. 143
ampla Wkr. Cror. 135
ampla Wkr. Zut. 31
ampliata Btlr. Das. 173
amplificata Saalm. Stict. 48 . .
Amsacta Wkr. 102
Amy dona 221
Amyops Karsch 420
Anace Wkr. 51, 52
Anadiasa Aur. 259
Anadiasa 216, 253, 263
anaemica Hmps. Hopl. 304 . .

Anaemosia Hmps. 67
ananii Karsch. Par. 463 . . . .
anapera Mab. Stict. 48
Anaphe Wkr. 396
Anaphe 14
Anaphela Wkr. 107
Anaphosia Hmps. 74
anacompa Karsch Cten. 452 . .
anastasia Oberth. Stict. 48 . . .
anastomosis L. Pyg. 406
Anaudia Wllgr. 535
Anaxita 88
Ancarista Jord. 17
Ancarista 448
Anchiritra Btlr. 263
ancilis Wllgr. Ectr. 478 . . . .
Ancistrina Gd. 288
ancylus R. & J. Poly. 366
andersoni Tams Epic. 291 . . .
andersoni Tams Pseud. 262
andosus Wkr. Poly. 366 . . . .
andraenipennis Wkr. Pseud. 533
Andrallochroma Karsch 471
Andraphisia Ky. 242
Andriasa Wkr. 364
androconia Heyn Lith. 81
Androcliarta 56
anemosa Hew. Acr. 124
Anengya 124
Anexotamos Her. 157
angasana Ww. Bun. 320
Angelica Dist. 326
angola B.-Bak. Nola 62 ... .
angola B.-Bak. Parax. 152
angola Strd. Phia. 298
angolae B.-Bak. Eup. 143
angolana Jord. Arn. 27
angolana Strd. Antic. 434
angolanus Strd. Antic. 434
angolanus le Cerf Nud. 321
angolensis Gd. Thyr. 50
angolensis Janse Lae. 161 . . .
angulata Aur. Gon. 255 . . . .

angulata Aur. Hoi. 340 . . . .

angulata Gd. Desm. 416 . . . .

angulata Gd. Loph. 408 . . . .

angulata Gd. Phia. 298 . . . .
angulata Gd. Pseud. 438 . . .

Plat

11 i
4 d
21 a

74 c

80 e
74 b

5 b

4 e

45 b
74 f

73 d
4 f

76 d

41 d
63 b

8 b

21 f
38 a
58 e
69 i
69 b
47 e
72 d

568

INDEX.

angulata Gd. Pyg. 425 . . .
angulata Lophopt. 401
angulata Pseudobar. 401
angulata Rothsch. Usta 336
angulata Wkr. Pol. 296 . .
angulata Warr. 11 hod . 491
angulataria Gn. Aplo. 390
angulatus Gd. Oec. 483 . .
angulatus Oiket. 482
angulifascia Gd. Ter. 511
angulifascia Strd. Lith. 80 .
angulifera Fldr. Lith. 80
angulifera Jord. Arn. 27
angulifera Wkr. Los. 276
angulifera Warr. Dir. 393
angulistriata Strd. Lith. 80
angulosa R. & J. Terun. 374
angulosa Saalm. Lith. 83
angustata Btlr. Lith. 83
angustifascia Her. Lat. 466
angustipennis Mab. Not. 408
angustipennis Sorifcia 20
angustipennis Strd. Lith. 81 .
angustipennis Wkr. Ant. 107
angustipennis Warr. Or. 288 .
anhyalea Hmps. Chalc. 34

ania Her. Das. 177 .

anna Btlr. Synt. 45 . . . .

anna M.&W. Nud. 323 . .

annuli gera Strd. Gastr. 274
annulipes Bsd. Eup. 146
annulipes Bsd. Las. 276
annulosa Gd. Desm. 415
annulosa Gd. Gorg. 559 . . .
anochus R. <& J. Poly. 366
anodonta Hmps. Zana 435
anomala Btlr. Ant. 378 .. .
anomala Btlr. Lech. 217 . .

anomala Dew. Lech. 220
anomala Holl. Nyct. 117
Anomocoetidia 198
Anornosotes 445
Anomoeotes Fldr. 25
anosibeana Oberth. Hyps. 397

ansorgei

ansorgei

ansorgei

Plat
70 i

44 b
76 e

72 li

78 i
1 0 d

10 f

75 a

10 h

15 g
41 c

27 c

50 b
41 b

80 b

72 a
66 c
29 c

68 a

B.-Bak. Altha 461
B.-Bak. Chrys. 478
Jord. Phra. *94

Ky. Good. 343

Ky. Hibr. 124 . . .

. 19 c

Rothsch. Cyrt. 339

. 58 d

Rothsch. Epit. 48 . .

4 e

Rothsch. Est. 100
Rothsch. Est. 100 . .

. 14 b

Roths h. Leuc. 336
Rothsch. Leuc. 338 .

. 58 b

Rothsch. Nud. 322
Rothsch. Pseud. 336
Rothsch. Sem. 22
Rothsch. Sphi. 377
Warr. Epip. 392 . .

. 67 h

Warr. Gon. 290

Warr. Prot. 497

Warr. Rhod. 494 . .

. 76 i

Warr. Trid. 497 . .

. 76 i

Antarctia Hbn. 106

Antarctia 53, 94

antarcticus Wllgr. Hep. 554

antargyreus Fldr. Arct. 543

antargyreus Fldr. Arct. 548, 550

antennata Laora 53

antennifera Strd. Ohrys. 210 . . 29 b

anterior Pap. 12

Anthelinae 127, 128

Antheua Wkr. 432

Antheua 401

Antheusina Gd. 433

Antheraea 13, 313. 315

Antherina South. 331

anthina Ksch. Nud. 324 . . . . 52 b

anthora Fldr. Ar. 153 . 22 g

anthraciformis Wllgr. Cer. 42 . 3 a
anthrax le Cerf Par. 533 . . . 77 h
anthrax Paranth. 515

Plat

antica Wkr. Ag. 89

antica Wkr. Das. 166 . 23 e

antica Wkr. Lith. 82

Anticyra Wkr. 434

antimachus Pap. 9

Antinephele Holl. 377

antinorii Oberth. Epiph. 317 . . 48 c

antinorii Oberth. Nyct. 116

Anthiphella Wkr. 137

antiqua Orgyia 20

Antizana Gd. 437

antsianakana Oberth. Hyps. 397 68 b
| antsianakariae Oberth. Dr. 389
Anna 10
Apantesis 448
Apatela 14

apateloides Holl. Das. 183
aperta Bryk Dian. 24
aphidas Hpff. Ag. 88

apicale Fryer Rhod. 492 . . . 76 g

apicalis Aur. Desm. 414

apicalis Aur. Drep. 309

apicalis Hmps. Man. 73 ... . 9 d

apicalis R. & J. Lik. 369 . . . 64 c

apicalis Strd. Synt. 44

apicalis Wkr. Lith. 78

apicalis Wkr. Nyct. 116 . . . . 18 h

apicata Holl. Das. 184

apicata Holl. llema 83

apiceplagiata B.-Bak. Rhyp. 450

apiciplaga Ksch. Temn. 375 . . 65 f

apicipuncta Holl. Eup. 149 . . 22 d

apiformis Phalacr. 481
Apisa Wkr. 51
Apisa 12, 54
Aploschema Warr. 390
Apluda Wllgr. 471

apollina Btlr. Cer. 335 . 57 c

apollina Maass. Hen. 337
apollina is Bsd. Pseud. 336 . . 57 d

apollinaris Pseud. 313, 315
apollonia Cr. Hen. 337
apollonia Hen. 313

apologetica Strd. Thauni. 396 . 68 a

Apoprogenes Hmps. 16

Apoprogenes 12, 15, 387

Apoprogeninae 16

apora Jord. Lud. 342

aporodes R. & J . Hipp. 381

Apotliosia Hmps. 73

approximans Rothsch. Seir. 105 . 15 d

aprica Karsch Lladraphe 459

aprica Karsch Hadr. 460 . . . 74 a

Apterona Mill. 486

Apterona 482

apus Bsd. Cept. 371

arabella Aur. Nud. 321

arabica Hmps. Cre. 104

arabica Rbl. Lep. 84 . lie

arata Ww. Nud. 320 . 49 b

Arbela Mr. 501, 503
Arbelidae 39, 501
Arbelodes Hmps. 506, 509
Arbelodes Karsch 510
arborifera Btlr. Maen. 99 . . . 13 g

Arclieaopacha Aur. 211
Archaeopachinae 211
Arehinola Hmps. 63
arcifera Hmps. Met. 507 . . . 78 f

| Arctia 61
Arctiidae 61
Arctiocossus Fldr. 543
arctioides Holl. Das. 183
arctipennis Holl. Per. 406
Arctozygaena Gd. 35

J arcuata Gd. Rhod. 494 . . . . 76 i

I arcuata Karsch Par 463
arcuatalis Gd. Prot. 496 . . . . 75 h
arculifera Fldr. Lith. 83 . . . .lib
arculinea B.-Bak. Pary. 453

ardens Btlr. Lith. 83 . 11 c

j arenacea L. Eup. 147 . 22 e

| arenicoloris Btlr. Bor. 268

Plat

arenosa Maas. Pseud. 334
arete Fawc. Lym. 195
Argema Wllgr. 319
Argema 313, 315

argenna Mab. Ola. 137 . . . . 20 h

j argentacea Oberth. Deb. 485
argentata Dist. Care. 74 ... 9 f

argentata Hmps. Parem. 65
argentea Btlr. Lith. 79 .... 10 a

argentea Hmps. Proca. 107
argentea Janse Bic. 136
argenteobrunnea Strd. Niph. 468 75 c
argenteobrunnea Strd. Niph. 460
argenteoguttata Aur. Pach. 271 38 a
argenteomaculata Aur. Scalm. 405
argentescens Hmps. Parar. 409
argentescens Hmps. Scalm. 404
argentifera Gd. Aeth. 503 . . . 78 c
argentifera Wkr. Neph. 372 . . 65 b
argentifera Ww. Taeda 449
argentilinea Aur. Coen. 461 . . 74 b
argentina Schtz. Cer. 409 . . . 69 c

argentina Cerura 14, 402
argentina Spatal 501
argentolineata Wichgr. Brach. 453
argibasis Mab. Gon. 258
argillosa le Cerf Nud. 321
argillosa le Cerf Phrag. 548
argiloides Holl. Das. 183 . . . . 25 b
Argina Hbn. 1 12
Argina 12, 92

argiphontes Ky. Eud. 319 . . . 49 a

argus F. Eud. 319

argus Moorea 111

arguta Jord. Lud. 341

Argynnis 313

argynnis F. Pomp. 26

argyraspis Holl. Ptil. 407 . . . 69 a
argyraspis Ptilura 401
argyrspis Holl. Ptil. 473
argyrobapta Gd. Drep. 288 . . . 41 d
argyrobapta Karsch Cten. 452 . 73 d
argyrogramma Karsch Brach. 453 73 f
argyrogramma Karsch Brach. 469
argyrolepis Hmps. Nola 62 . . . 8 b

argyroleuca Hmps. Lac. 142
argyropasta Hmps. Cel. 64 . . 8 e

argyropeza Mab. Temn. 374 . 65 e

argyrophora Hmps. Pect. 408 . 69 a

argyrospila T , ypano ; h . 19

Argyrostagma Aur. 198

Argyrothyris Bryk 407

Argyrotypidae 498

Argyrotypus Btlr. 498

arieticornis Strd. Nyct. 116 . . 18 h

armillata Meyr. Gorg. 559

armstrongi Hmps. Duom. 549 . 80 d

Arniocera Hpffr. 27

arnobia Ww. Pseud. 334 . . . 57 a

arnoldi Aur. Opist. 213 . . . . 29 b

aroa Schistophleps 66

Aroa Wkr. 153

arrecta Dist. Phea. 300 . . . . 44 e

ar ogans Her. Dact. 351 . . . 47 f

Artaxa 129

arthemisiaria Oberth. Micr. 394
arularia Oberth. Micr. 394
arvensis Janse Trich. 549
I asella Heterog. 447
Asemanophorae 358
| asinina Warr. Epip. 392
aslauga Ky. Bun. 320 . . . . 49 a

Asota 12, 16, 88
aspectatella Phil. 66
aspectella Padenia 66
aspera Hmps. Lith 79

asperatella Wkr. Phry. 87 . . . 11 h
aspersa Bouv. Dec. 338
aspersa Btlr. Lith. 79
aspersa Fldr. Eup. 148

aspersa Mab. Spil. 95 . 12 d

Aspledon Bsd. 373

assimilis Jord. Ast. 33 .... 2 i

Publ. 5. IV. 1930.

INDEX

509

assimilis R. & J . Poly. 365
assimilis Stoll Spil. 96
astaroth Bsd. Coel. 358
astaroth Ww. Len. 531
Asteria Fldr. 464
astheniata Urapt. 389
Asthenidia 389
astragali Zyg. 20
astrea Drury Rhod. 108
astriga limps, ilern. 93 . . .
astrigata Hmps. Anaph. 74 .

Astyloneura Gd. 32
Asura Wkr. 70
Asura 65

asuraeformis Strd. Phil. 66
asurella Strd. Agyll. 77 . . .

asylas Cr. Az. 545 .

ata Strd. Gyn. 333
atala Swh. Lym. 193
atavistis Hmps. Mel. 56 . . .
atbarina Btlr. Epiph. 318 . .
Atemnora R. & J. 378
Athletes Karsch 333
atomaria Holl. Phia. 300
ato maria Wkr. Phiala 298
atra Gd. Phaeos. 433 . . . . ,
atralba Nyct. 113
atrata Griinb. Antic. 434. . . ,
atrescens Hmps. Phry. 88 . . .
atribasalis Hmps. Desm. 412
atricincta Hmps. Euryz. 68
atriclathrata Hmps. Tricli. 438
atricornis Wllgr. Synt. 45 . . .
atricosta Hmps. Ore. 133
atricraspeda Hmps. Asu. 71 . .
atricrures Hmps. Ams. 102 . .

atridiscata Hmps. Sal. 504 . ,

atridorsia Hmps. Spil. 97 . . .
atrifascia Rothsch. Ant. 107 . .
atrifasciata Gd. Scr. 424 . . .

atrifasciata Hmps. Az. 546 . . .
atrifasciata Hmps. Psal. 423
atrifilata Hmps. Das. 182
atrifrons Hmps. Scr. 424
atrigutta 117c/*. Chion. 72
atrigutta Wkr. Eup. 147
atriguttata Hmps. Desm. 412
atriguttata Hmps. Sicc. 69. .
atripalpia Hmps. Pter. 134
atripes Hmps. Hyph. 103 . .
atriplaga le Cerf Xyl. 546
atripuncta Hmps. Man. 73
atriradiata Wkr. Set. 76
atriramosa Hmps. Ac. 101. .
atrireta Hmps. Plirag. 548
atrisquamata Hmps. Lae. 160
atrivena Hmps. Rhod. 109
atrizona Hmps. Pseudl. 75
atrizonata Hmps. Sec. 114
atrodisca Her. Eup. 146
atrofasciata Holl. Temn. 375
atroguttata Aur. Leuc. 139 . .

atropos L. Acher. 358
atropos Acheron. 13, 353
atropunctata Fawc. Hyph. 103
atroradiella Hmps. Set. 76
Attacinae 317
Attacus 13, 313, 316
a tenuata Kenr. Gon. 258 . . .
attenuata Rothsch. Synt. 47
Auchmophila Rbl. 485

audea Drc. Mall. 272 .

aurantia Mob. Org. 192
aurantia Strd. Lept. 150
aurantiaca Hmps. Anaph. 74
aurantiaca Hmps. Sten. 85
aurantiaca Holl. Spil. 95 . . .

aurantiaca Kenr. Das. 180 . .

aurantiaca Ob. Num. 155
aurantiaca Rothsch. Ap. 51 . .

aurantiaca Rothsch. Nud. 322
aurantiifusca Rothsch. Met. 54 .
aurantisquamata Hmps. Lith. 71

XIV

plat-

62 f

. 12 a
. 9 d

9 i
79 f

5 g
48 c

71 i

71 k
11 i

3g

8 m
15 a
78 d
13 b
15 g
70 g
80 a

69 e

8 i

15 a

9 d

14 d
80 c

16 f
9 h

65 f
21 c

37 b

39 a

9 e

12 e
24 h

6 c

6 h

plat.

auratilis J arise Gorg. 557 . . . 80 a

auratiplaga Warr. Gath. 393
aurea Btlr. An. 397

aurea Gd. Sim. 536 . 77 k

aurea Her. Lael. 161
aurea Janse Lael. 151
aureacosta B.-Balc. Est. 99
aureata Ksch. Temn. 373 . . . 65 c

aurella Fawc. Das. 169 .... 21 i

aureoguttata Calloc. 501
aureolimbata Rothsch. Spil. 95 . 12 d
aureoplaga Kenr. Eup. 143
aureopsis Her. Porth. 151 . . 28 e

aureosquamata Wllgr. Mel. 531 77 g

aureotincta Kenr. Das. 181 . . 24 i

auribasalis Holl. Oten. 452 . . 73 d

auricincta Her. Niph. 468 . . . 75 c
auricinctum Btlr. Spil. 95
auricolens Strd. Nyct. 116
auricolor Mab. Bun. 320
aurifaber Fldr. Hep. 554. . . . 80 e
auriflua Aur. Pach. 245 . . . . 33 f
aurifodinae Dist. Anth. 432 . . 71 g

aurifrons B.-Bak. Thos. 457
aurifrons Mschlr. Stilp. 131
aurifrons Wkr. Sal. 31 .... 2 f

auriguttata Hpffr. Arn. 28 . . 2 a

auripes Hmps. Syn. 522
auripicta Strd. Cam. 522. . . . 77 c
auriplumia Hmps. Mel. 529 . . 77 f

auriplumia Mel. 576
auripyga Strd. Adix. 536 . . . 77 k

auristrigata Plots Trick. 28 . . 2 b

aurivillii Brtl. Ac. 101
aurivillii Her. Das. 165 . . . . 23 e
aurivillii dal. T. At.. 545 . . . 79 f

aurivillii Pag. Sec. 114
Aurivillius 316
aurivilliusi Rothsch. Ja. 303
aurociliata Aur. Mel. 531
auroguttata H.-Schdjf. Call. 544 79 a

aureomaculata Rothsch. Neph. 372

auronitens le Cerf Tip. 520

aurora R. & J. Hipp. 381

australis Fldr. Pomp. 26

Autoceras Fldr. 68

Automeris 313

Automolis 52, 54, 61, 448.

avinoffi Clk. Temn. 375 . . . . 65 g

Axiopaeniella Strd. 93

azami Kheid. Mar. 157

azrael le Cerf Mel. 531 . . . . 77 h

Azygophlebs Hmps. 544

IS.

baccata Hmps. Pect. 408 .

bacchans Ksch. Lae. 162
bacotii Quail Dal. 556 . .

badia Aur. Gon. 257
badia Saalm. Gastr. 268
bainbridgei R. <fe J ■ Lib. 363
bakeri Riel. Tar. 239
Balacra Wkr. 54
Balacra 41, 51
balanoal Guer. Pseud. 336
balsaminae Hipp. 356
bal aminae Wkr. Hipp. 381
bamenda Strd. Phia. 300
bamendana Schtze. Nud. 326
bamendana Nud. 320
bananae Btlr. Lym. 194
bananoides Her. Lym. 194
banksiae Damil 402
Bantuana Dist. 297
barbara Her. Das. 167 . .

barbara Eupr. 402
barbara Warr. Epip. 392
barbertonia Oberth. Bun. 320
barbipes Mab. Thlip. 460
barcas M. <L* W . Nud. 326

69 a
23 a
80 f

37 f

67 a

25 f
25 f

21g,h
67 b

plat.

Baria Karsch 453

barica Mab. Lym. 196

Barilla Dyar. 470

barnsi Clk. Poly. 368

barnsi J . & T. Dact. 350

barnsi J.& T. Eud. 319

Barobata Karsch 190

barombila Gd. Cer. 42 ....3b

barotsina Rothsch. Pseud. 336

barrei Mab. ilypr. 398

barsinoides Holl Lae. 162

basale Wkr. Tar. 239

basalis Dist. Desm. 410 . . . . 69 d

I basalis Jord. Netr. 27 . 1 g

basalis Wkr. Das. 168 . . . . 23 g

basalis Wkr. Lept. 364 . . . . 62 e

| basalis Wkr. Pseud. 261
| basibrunnea Holl. l.ae. 162 . . 23 c

basibrunnea Swh. Birth. 459 . . 74 a

basifulva Swh. Anom. 198
basifurca Wkr. Das. 169
basigutta Wkr. Nolec. 152
| basilinea Her. Das. 171 . . . . 24 a
Basiothia Wkr. 380

Basiothia 13, 354
basiplaga Gd. Ter. 511 . .

basipuncta Gd. Turn. 427 .
basipuncta Hmps. Anth. 432
basipuncta J . <fc T. Lae. 162
basirufa Strd. Lech. 218
basisticta Hmps. Chion. 72
basistriga Wkr. Das. 166
basithyris Hmps. Synt. 46
bassa B.-Bak. Leb. 502 . .
bastialis Wkr. Rhod. 494
batesi Drc. Bal. 55 ... .
batesi Rothsch. Spil. 96 . .
batis Thyat. 185
Batocnema R. & J. 362
batoides Plots. Das. 186
batschi Kef. Hipp. 381 . .

bauhiniae Guer. Epiph. 318
baumanni Gd. Ams. 102
baumanniana Ksch. Ag. 88
bauri Mschlr. Rhod. 109
basteri R. ct* J . Poly. 367 .
baxteri Rothsch. Spil. 97. .
Bazisa Wkr. 130
Beguma Warr. 498
belgica Clk. Poly. 366
belia Drc Macrot. 520
belina Ww. Nud. 323 .. .
belia B.-Bak. Per. 406
bcllatrix Crirod. 501
bellatrix Dcilm. Arg. 113 . .
bellissima Chion. 72, 73
bellula Mab. Euchr. 57
Bembecia 516

benga Holl. Scalm. 403 . .
benguelae Ob. Nud. 326
beni B.-Bak. Mar. 157 . .

benitensis Holl. Met. 53 . .
benitensis Holl. Pseud. 377
benitonis Sit'd. Synt. 46 . .
Beralade Wkr. 223
Bzralade 215

bergmanni Swh. Das. 174
berlandi le Cerf Pseud. 533
besanti Rbl. Arg. 319
bethuneana Strd. Lae. 159
Betousa Wkr. 495
betousalis Gd. Rhod. 494
bettoni Aur. Ber. 224 . .

bettoni Btlr. Trot. 440 . .

beuglini B d. Cer. 370
Bharetta Mr. 253
bianchii Oberth. Pseud. 363
biarculinea B.-Bak. Per. 406
biatra Hmp . Xyl. 547
bibindandy Camb. Lib. 266
bibindandy Conte Bor. 267
Bicelluphora Janse 136
bicincta Hmps. Nola 62 . .

. . 78 i
. . 71 a
. 71 f
. . 21 d
. . 29 d
. . 9 b

. . 3 k

. . 78 a
. . 76 i
. . 7 f

. . 12 f

. . 23 i
. . 67 a
. . 48 a

. . 17 a
. . 16c
. . 03 f
. . 13 b

51 b

. 18a

. . 68 f
. 21 c

• 6 g

. 66 b
. 4 d

. . 77 i

. 76 i
. 30 e
. 72 f

8 c

570

INDEX.

bicincta le Cerf Call. 528 . .

bicolor Dew. Gon. 258 ....
bicolor Dist. Anth. 433 . . .
bicolor Dist. Chrys. 477 . . .
bicolor Dist. Phas. 309
bicolor J arise Eup. 145
bicolor le Cerf Sura 532
bicolor le Cerf Trich. 536 . .
bicolor Rothsch. Lib. 362 . .

bicolor Rothsch. Micr. 49 . .

bicolor Sird. Andr. 471 . . .

bicolor Strd. Monda 487 . . .
hicolor Syntom. 44
bicolor Wlcr. Sarap. 70
bicolor a Leuc. 402
bicolora Scol. 78
bicolorata Gd. Scalm. 403 . .
bicoloria Gd. Ac. 102 ....
bicoloria H.-Schaff. Met. 53 .
bicrenulata B.-Bak. Opist. 213
bicrenulata Gastrop 213
bicurvata Gd. Phaeg. 89
bidentata limps. Zana 435
bifascia Hmps. Loe. 158 . .

bifascia Wlcr. Bomb. 208 . .

bifascia Wlcr. Pacli. 244
bifasciata Aur. Pseud. 48 . .
bifasciata Gd. Met. 568 . . .
bifasciata Hmps. Lith. 78 . .
bifasciata Janse Cer. 409
bifasciata Mab. Bas. 380
bifenestrata Gd. Syn. 521 . .
biformis Mab. Nyct. 116 . .

bifurca Wkr. Spil. 95 ... .
bigutta Holl. Eup. 149 . . .

bigutta Soloe 130
biguttata Wkr. Cel. 379 . . .
bijuga Mab. Phil. 66 ... .
bilinea Wkr. Gram. 107 . . .
bilinea Wkr. Pach. 245 . . .
biliueata Her. Mir. 469 . . .

bilineata Her. Zin. 456 . . .

biliueata Mab. Bomb. 276
bilineata Rothsch. Cyrt. 339
bimaculata Aur. Das. 181
bimaculata Dew. Cat. 306 . .
bimaculata Holl. Anc. 289
bimaculata Strd. Catal. 234
bimaculatum Wkr. Met an. 241
bimacalatum Wkr. Tarag. 241
bimarginata Rothsch. Onych. 74
binoculata Ware. Dep. 491
binotata Mab. Lym. 193
bioculata Aur. Hen. 337 . .

bipars Btlr. Hyps. 397
bipars Wkr. Bomb. 233
bipartita Aur. Lith. 80 . . .
bipartita Btlr. Neph. 372 . .

bipartita Rothsch. Phas. 307 .
bipartita Rothsch. Rhod. 108
biplagiata B.-Bak. Ast. 33
biplagiata Gd. Eoh. 115 . . .
bipliga Rbl. Usta 336
bipuncta Hmps. Met. 507
bipuncta Hmps. Phil. 66 . .

bipuncta Her. Pir. 156
bipuncta Her. Sua. 151 . . .
bipuncta Him. Lith. 79
bipuncta J. & T. Met. 53
bipunctata Holl. Sap. 136
bipunctata Wkr. Adr. 473
bipunctata Wichgr. Eup. 144
bipunctatus Aur. Phas. 308
bipunctigera Hmps. Tigr. 85
bipunctigera Wllgr. Chion. 73
bipunctigera Wllgr. Lex. 70
Birthama Wkr. 459
bisecta Btlr. Par. 453 ....
bisecta Rothsch. Scalm. 404
biseriata Plots Cat. 400 . . .
bisinuata Hmps. Orth. 506
bisticta B.-Bak. Lith. 82
bistigmigera Btlr. Bra. 164

plat.

. 77 f
. 37 b
. 71 h
. 76 b

. 77 k
. 62 b
• 4 g

. 75 f
. 72 h

. 68 f
. 14 e
. 6 d

. 21 f
. 29 a

5 a
• 78 g
. 9 k

. 77 b
. 19 b
. 12 f

. 22 e

. 66 f

• 8 g

. 15 h
. 34 a
. 75 d
. 73 h

. 16 d

. 58 a

. 10 e
. 64 f
. 47 a
. 16 a

. 18 e

. 8 h

. 21 c

. 8 k

. 73 c
. 68 d

bistricta Strd. Hoi. 340
bistrigata Aur. Phia. 299 . .

bistrigata Strd. Ber. 224 . .

bithynia Drc. Phas. 309 . . .
bitioides Holl. Desm. 413
biumbrata Hmps. Par. 454
bivittata Aur. Chrys. 210 . .
bivittata Aur. Marsch. 505
bivittata Bril. Maen. 99 . .

bivittata Btlr. Ams. 102 . .

bivittata Wkr. Azvg. 545
bivittata Wkr. Trich. 43 . .

Bizone Wkr. 72
bizonoides Btlr. Eup. 147
blandina Oberth. My ops. 43
blasphemia Her. Das. 177 . .
blastema Her. Das. 187 . . .
boisduvali Aur. Poly. 366 . .
boisduvalii H.-Schaff. Az. 545
boldingii Ky. Eupr. 147
bolivari Kh. Opob. 124 . . .
Bolocera 13
Bombyces 15
Bombycidae 283
Bombycomorpha Aur. 208
Bombycopsis Aur. 232
Bombycopsis 215, 230
bombyliformis Mel. 515, 529
bonaberiensis Strd. Das. 184 .
bootana Strd. Epipli. 317
borbonica Bsd. Ag. 89 . . .

borboniae Agan. 448
borchmanni Grunb . Azyg. 545
borguensis Hmps. Epit. 48
Borocera Bsd. 267
Borocera 206
borotzana Jord. Am. 28
bosei Saalm. Clost. 221, 222
bossumensis Gd. Zana 435 . .
boulleti le Cerf Mel. 529 . .

bourkei Trim. Plat. 364 . .

Bracharoa Hmps. 164
Bracharoa 155, 192
Brachia Karsch 453
Brachia 469
Brachychira Aur. 439
Brachychira 401
bracliyptera Hmps. Sphec. 527
brachyura Dry. Eud. 319 . .
bracteata Dist. Cin. 330
Brdhmaea 307, 350
Brahmaeidae 349
bramarbas Ksch. Dact. 350 .

Brassolidae 20
braueri Bryk Tessm. 550
Braura Wkr. 246
Braura 215

brevicornis Aur. Mel. 529 . .
breviculus Mab. Coss. 542
brevipennis Hmps. Lith. 80
brevipennis Holl. Norr. 428
brevipennis Rothsch. Temn. 373
brevipennis Wkr. Lith. 83 . .
brevis Ob. Poly. 368 ....

brevis R. <fe J. Coel. 358
breyeri Aur. Ber. 225
Breyeria Janse 431
brillians Beat. Cham. 523 . .
brisaeus Bsd. Temn. 376
brotoessa Holl. Gon. 256
brunnea Aur. Phil. 230 . . .
brunnea Aur. Scalm. 405 . .
brunnea Gd. Pyd. 436
brunnea Grunb . Bal. 55 . . .
brunnea Hmps. Rhod. 108
brunnea Holl. Euch. 464
brunnea Hbn. Ant. 106
brunnea Janse Anth. 432 . .
brunnea Janse Eur. 428 . .

brunnea Rothsch. Temn. 374
brunnea Rothsch. Trot. 440
brunnea Saalm. Lib. 266 . .

brunnea Warr. Prot. 496

plat.

41 h
30 d
47 b

29 a
78 e
13 g

13 i

3 d

3 e
24 g
27 d
63 c
79 e

19 b

25 a
17 a, b

4 e

71 k
77 f
62 e

50 b

60 b

77 f
79 d

11 b
62 f

77 c

31 b
68 i

7 c
16 a

71 g

71 b

72 f
37 e

plat.

brunneata Kenr. Das. 180
brunneicosta Gd. Desm. 413 . . 69 f
brunneicosta Holl. Das. 172 . . 24 b
brunneicosta Holl. Ilema 83
brunneidorsa Holl. Macr. 438 •

brunneifascia Hmps. Pyd. 436
brunneipennis Bril. Cre. 104
brunneofasciatus Gd. Coss. 542 . 79 b
brunneola Holl. TJr. 287
brunneomixta Mab. Pydna 436
brunneotincta Rothsch. Loph. 84 1 1 d

brunneotincta Strd. Dal. 556
brunnescens Bril. Sec. 114 . . 18 d

brunnescens Clk. Temn. 375
brunnescens Gd. Ac. 485 . . . 72 h
brunnescens Gd. Scr. 424 . . . 70 g
brunnescens Her. Phleb. 449 . 73 a

brunneum Jord. Orth. 344
brunni Pab. Pkrag. 548
bryaxis Cawc. Rhod. 494 . . 76 i

bryki Aur. Mim. 252 . 40 c

bryophilina Hmps. Das. 183
bryophiloides Btlr. Roes. 63 . . 8 c

bubo Wkr. Rhod. 109 .... 16 d

bucephala Phaler. 401, 403, 417
buchholzi Lobob. 314
buchholzi Maass. lmbr. 332
buchholzi Plotz Casph. 472
buchholzi Plotz Pol. 359 . . . 61 c
budonga B.-Bak. Dig. 91 . . . 17 f
buea Strd. Cre. 104

bueana Strd. Lith. 81 . 10 h

bueana Strd. Met. 509
Bunaea Hbn. 319
Bunaea 13, 314, 315
Bupalus 113

burehardi Dew. Trab. 221 . . . 30 a

burorum Strd. Poly. 367 . . . 63 f

burra Schs. Met. 53

burtti Dist. Trich. 43 . 3 e

buryi Rothsch. Maen. 99 ... 13 f

buryi Rothsch. Terac. 110
butiti B.-Bak. Tar. 236 . . . . 32 a

brrtleri Aur. Nud. 324
butleri Dew. Gorg. 558 . . . . 80 g

butleri Mab. Thyr. 49 .... 4 h

butleri Rothsch. Hyp. 378 . . . 66 c

butleri Saalm. Hipp. 381 . . . 67 a

butleri Swh. Das. 174 . 24d,e

butti R. & J . Hopl. 361 . . . . 61 f

butti Rothsch. Pros. 107 . . . 15 h

butti Rothsch. Spil. 98 .... 13 f

butyrospermi Vuill. Cir. 332
Byblisia Wkr. 28

C'.

Cacostatia 448
cadica Plotz Nar. 133
Caduca 135

caeca Plotz Das. 165 . 23 d

caeruleifascia Balacra 54
caeruleifascia Holl. Das. 165 . . 23 d
caeruleifascia Das. 179
caeruleifascia Wkr. Bal. 55 . . 7 d

caerulescens Drc. Synt. 46 ..4b

caerulescens Syntomim. 73
caesarea Jana 305

caesarea Weym. Ja. 303 . . . 46 b

caffra Cr. Neur. 30
caffra Hbn. Bun. 320

caffra L. Neur. 30 . 2 c

caffra Wkr. Gorg. 557 . . . . SO h

caffra Wkr. Sicc. 69 . 8 i

caffra Wllgr. Cel. 65

caffra Wllgr. Olyra 231

caffra Wllgi . Thyr. 50 .... 5 c

caffrana Strd. Lith. 82 .... 10 k

caffraria Stoll Bun. 320 . . . . 49 a

caffrariae Bun. 314, 315, 320

caffrariae H.-Schdff. Trich. 43

INDEX.

571

plat.

Caffricola Hmps 35

cafra Drc. Othr. 138 . 19 f

caja Arct. 95, 106, 293, 297

cajani Vins. Lib. 266

cajus Cr. Ther. 382 . 67 c

calamachroa Hmps. Psy. 486
calcareus R. & J . Poly. 367
Caligo 9

Callibaptes Jord 26
callichroma le Cerf Nud. 321

callidescens Hmps. Lith. 83 . .11c

CalliduHdae 15

callima B.-Bcik. Ar. 153

callima B.-Balc. Hadr. 460

callima Swh. Ut. 93 . 12 a

Callimorpha 61
Callimorphinae 1 1 1

Callimorphinae 12
Callinola 63

calliope Hmps. Desm. 412

Callisphecia le Cerf 528

callista Jord. Lob. 329

callista le Cerf Nud. 321

Callizygaena 20

Callocossus A nr. 544

Callocossus 501

Callopistria 11

callosoma Hmps. Meg. 528

Callosphingia R. A- J. 358

Caloschemia Mob. 123

Camadena 489

Camadeniana 498

Camaegeria Strd. 522

cambou4i Mab. Par. 463. . . . 74 f

cambou4i Oberth. Ac. 485 . . . 72 h

cambouM Oberth. Dys. 49 . . . 4 i

cambouei Oberth. Pseud. 334

camelina Lophopt. 401

cameroona B.-Bak. Cer. 409

camerounensis Clk. Temn. 375

cameruna Aur. Das. 166. . . . 23 f

cameruna Hmps. Met. 52 . . . 6 f

camerunensis Strd. Cyrt. 339

Camerunia Aur. 306

camerunica Aur. .Ta. 303

camerunica Strd. Nyct. 117

camerunicum Aur. Tar. 240 . . 33 b

campionea Sign. Gyn. 333

camptogramma Hmps. Gav. 472

Camtoloma 395

Campyloctis J arise 431

cana Aur. Cyrt. 339 . 58 c

cana Fldr. Cir. 332
cana Holl. Ap. 52
cana Wichgr. Das. 179
Canaea Wkr. 495
canariensis Kenr. Eup. 148
candezei Houlst. Epau. 399

candescens Fldr. Mon. 520 . . 77 b

Candida Btlr. Hyl. 117

Candida Her. Eop. 156 . . . . 26 b

canens Jord. Hipp. 382

canescens Janse Desm. 410 . . 69 d

canescens Tams Pseud. 262

canescens Wkr. Ap. 52 . . . . 6 c, d

canescens Wkr. Lat. 465

cangia Drc. Das. 178 . 24 f

canidia Pieris 13

canofusca Strd. Ber. 224 . . . 30 d

capense Aur. Tar. 235 . 32 a

capensis Aur. Chon. 207 . . . 35 b

capensis Fldr. Cor. 543

capensis Hmps. Chion. 72 . . . 9 b

capensis L. Pach. 243 . 33 e

capensis L. Ther. 382 . 67 c

capensis Stoll Nud. 324
capensis Ther. 355
capensis Wkr. Xyl. 546
capicola Aur. Bomb. 232
capillatus Karsch Strot. 472 . 75 g

capitalis Strd. Camad. 498
capreolus Aur. Pach. 269 . . . 38 b
Caprimima 65

plat.

carabella Strd. Nud. 321
carbo Warr. Epipl. 393 . . . . 67 g
carbonarius Karsch Ac. 484 . . 72 i
Carcinarctia Hmps. 93
Carcinopodia Hmps. 74
cardinalli Tams Opist. 277
cardinalli Tams Pern. 360
cardui Pyram. 11, 353
caricae Asota 88

carinatum Wllgr. Tar. 236 . . 32 a

Caripodia Hmps. 75
earnapi Karsch Par. 463 . . . 74 e

carnea Btlr. Lith. 81 . 10 li

carnea Hmps. Megan. 50

carnea Metanaclia 54

carnea Saalm. Cten. 288

Carnegia Aur. 345

Carnegia 314

carnegiei Janse Nud. 324

carneola Hmps. Bhod. 108 . . 16 c

carnescens Hmps. Paral. 503

carniolica Zygaen. 20

carpenteri B.-Bak. Das. 181 . . 25 a

Carpostalagma Karsch 111

carriala Swh. Lym 194

Cartaletis 10, 14

carteri Btlr. Poly. 365 . . . . 63 b

carteri Drc. Trich. 439

carteri Rotlisch. Loph. 370

carteri Wish. Epan. 399 . . . 68 c

Carthaea 313

('ary at is Hbn. 112

Caryatis 448

caryocatactes Wllgr. Cer. 42

Casama Wkr. 165

Casphalia Wkr. 472

Casphalia 448

cassandra Drc. Gon. 257

cassualallae B.-Bak. Mon. 487

casta Pall. Fumea 487

castanea Aur. Bor. 267

castanea Aur. Pol. 296 . . . . 44 b

castanea Gd. Orth. 506 . . . . 78 f

castanea Hmps. Pseud. 262 . . 37 b

castanea Hmps. Bhod. 108 . . 16 c

castanea Holl. Hyp. 259 . . . 37 c

castanea Hypotr. 256

castanea Janse Leb. 503 . . . 78 b

castanea Kenr. Das. 180

castanea Mab. Nar. 460

castaneae Hbn. Phrag. 548

castaneo- striata Kenr. Eup. 148

castaneus Gd. Pect. 543

castinigrata Warr. Aero. 389 . 67 e

Castniidae 15

Castniidae 12, 17, 19

castor Her. Das. 168 . 21 i

Catarina Strd. 306

Catalebeda Aur. 233

Catalebeda 13, 215, 241

Cataretia Holl. 399

cateja Wllgr. Eupr. 145

catenaria Griinb. Dact. 350

catenata Jord. Othr. 139 . . . 19 d

catena ta Mab. Lith. 80

catenigera Ksch. Dact. 350 . . 60 c

catenula Pag. Bhod. 491 . . . 76 e

catocaloides H.-Schdff. Anth. 433 71 li

catochra Karsch Lobob. 329

Catochria H.-Schdff. 433

catori B.-Bak. Ar. 153

catori B.-Bak. Desm. 410

catori B.-Bak. Par. 463 . . . . 74 f

catori B.-Bak. Pedopt. 23 . . . lb

catori B.-Bak. Thos. 457

catori Jord. Horn. 34 . 2 k

catori Idomophil. 21, 35
caudata Jord. Diloph. 28
caudatissima Strd. Macr. 428 . 71 b

Caviria 131
cecrops Cr. Ther. 382

cedestis Her. Das. 172 . 24 a

cedri Zyg. 20

plat.

celaeno Vsp. Ther. 382

Celama Wkr. 63

relerina Bsd. Bas. 380

celerio L. Hipp. 381

relerio Hipp. 353, 380

Celerio Oken 379

celerionina Wkr. Bas. 380

celida B.-Bak. Phry. 86 . . . .Ilf

celidana Strd. Pus. 86 . . . .Ilf

centaurica Meyr. Gorg. 559

centralis Strd. Big. 434

Centroctena R. & J . 383

Cephonndes Hbn. 371

Cephonodes 13, 356

Cerancliia Btlr. 335

Ceratocampidae 15, 349. 355, 387

Ceratopaeha Aur. 250

Ceratopacha 216

cerbera L. Svnt. 44 . 3 g

cerceris le Cerf Vesp. 527 . . . 77 e
cerdo Karsch Cten. 452
cerdo Ctenolita 470

ceres Oberth. Synt. 45 . 3 i

Ceridia R. & J.' 370
Cerura Schrk. 408
Cerura 14, 402

cervicolora Saalm. Gastr. 268 . 37 f

cervina Aur. Bor. 267

cervina Aur. Pseud. 264

cervina Drc. Clan. 483

cervina Wllgr. Gorg. 557

cervina Ww. Sat. 332

cervinum Aur. Tar. 239

Ceryx Wllgr. 41

ceylonica Hmps. Cel. 64

Chadisra Wkr. 419

Cliaerooina R.&J. 379

chalciphora Hmps. Mon. 521

chalcochlora Hmps. Par. 534

chalconota Hmps. Sal. 32

Chalconycles Jord. 34

chalcopasta Hmps. Am. 28 . . 2 b

chalcosia 20

chalcosidia Hmps. Nyct. 115

Chalcosienae 19, 387

chalconota Hmps. Mel. 529 . . 77 f

Chalepteryx 13, 127

chalepteryx Fldr. Jana 304

Chalia Mr. 486

Chaliinae 486

chalix Jord. Orth. 344

chalybea Aur. Epis. 518 . . . 77 a

chalybeata Hmps. Macr. 84 . . 11 d

chalybeia Rbl. Chalc. 34

chalybsa Hmps. Pseudom. 56 . 5 g

chalypsa Hmps. Cham. 524

chamaenerii Celer. 354

Chamaesphecia Spul. 524

Chamanthedon le Cerf 523

ch pmani Ky. Par. 464

Charaqia 553

charax Drc. Bra. 164 . 22 k

Char axes 9, 10

ebaris Bsd. Bas. 380 . 66 g

Charistia Her. 464

charoba Ky. Neph. 372
charon Drc. Trab. 221
charopa B.-Bak. Del. 462
chelonia le Cerf Das. 174
chera Her. Bhyp. 198

chia Holl. Nola 62 . 8 c

Chilena Wkr. 223, 225
chilophaea Her. Cif. 189 . . . 25 c

chionea Hmps. Nola 62 ... . 8 a
chionea Hmps. Spil. 95 .... 12 e
chionea Mab. Ag. 89
chionaema H.-Schdff. 72
Chionaema 65
Chionopsyclie Aur. 213
Chionopsychinae 213

chionostola Hmps. Altha 460. . 74 a
chismona Swh. Het. 189
chloana Holl. Desm. 414

572

INDEX.

ckloauckena Holl. Desm. 413
chloauges Holl. Chalc. 34
chloe Holl. Desm. 413
chloeropis Holl. Desm. 413
chloris Fawc. Thos. 457 . . . .
chloris R.&J. Hipp. 380
chlorobasis Her. Das. 177 . . .
chloronoton Hmps. Coen. 462
cklorophila Her. Das. 166 . . .
chloroscia Hmps. Synt. 46 . .

chloroscia Her. Das. 167 . . .

chlorotica Hmps. Ast. 33
choba Drc. Pseud. 261
Choerocampa Dup. 371
Choerocampinae 379
choerocampoid.es Holl. Pack. 243
ckolmlei Hmps. Synt. 46 . . .

Chondrostega Led. 207
Chondrostega 211
Chondrosteginae 207
Chondrostegoides Atir. 207
ckorista Ha. Das. 166 . . . .

ckota Sivh. Pkry. 88
chretieni Oberth. Som. 445
ckristyi Shp . Gan. 258
ckristyi Shp. Lob. 327
chromapteris Btlr. Pan. 359
cbromis Drc. Nyct. 116 . . . .
chrostica Karsch Cten. 452 . . .
Chrysaeglia 77
Chrysaegliodes Strd. 77
Chrysamma Karsch 451
chrysamma 461

ckrysargyra Wichgr. Pkia. 301 .
ckrysargyria Hmps. Car. 75 . .
ckrysaspis Hmps. Nat. 470
ckrysaspodes Strd. Nat. 470 . .
Chrysauginae 489
Chrysectropa B.-Balc. 478
Clirysiridia Hbn. 388
Chrysiridia 10, 12, 13, 69
chrysobapta Hmps. Mel. 530
(hr ysocyma Hmps. 67
ckrysogramma Her. Das. 187
ckrysopasta Hmps. Cham. 523
ckrysopkaea Wkr. Eup. 146
Chrysophanus 313
Chrysopoloma Aar. 477
Chrysopolomidae 477
Chrysopolcmidae 447
Clirysopsyclie Btlr. 209
Chrysopsyche 205, 208, 217, 219
chrysopyga Plbtz Ap. 51. . . .
chrysorrhoea Eupr. 402
chrysorrhoea Porth. 128
chrysosticta Btlr. Arn. 28
chrysotelus Wkr. Tasc. 33
chrysotherma Hmps. Bet. 196
Chrysotypidae 498
Chrysotypus Btlr. 498
ckrysozona Hmps. Synt. 45 . .
Cicinnocnemis Holl. 25
Cifuna Wkr. 188
Cimola Wkr. 155
Cinabra South. 330
Cinabra 313
Cincia 68
Cinciana Strd. 68
cincta Mob. Pseud. 334
cincticorpus Hmps. Spoil . 95 . .
cineracea Karsch Eat. 465 . . .
cinerascens Aur. Bor. 267 . . .
cinerascens Holl. Mim. 252
cinerascens Strd. Lei. 248
cinerea Aur. Hapl. 208 . . . .
cinerea Aur. Pseud. 264
cinerea Holl. Epij. 306
cinerea Holl. Megadr. 344
cinerea Janse Taen. 430 . . .

cinerea Pag. Sec. 114 .

cinerea Wkr. Diast. 431
cinerea Wkr. Zana 435
cinerella Wllgr. Phry. 86 . . .

plat.

73 k

27 d

74 b
21 e

4 b
21 h

4 c

21

S

18 c
73 e

43 a
9 g

75 e

28 c.d

6 a

3 li

12 c
74 h
38 b

29 a

71 d
IS d

11 f

plat.

cinereocostata Holl. Ap. 52
cinereofusca Strd. Temn. 376 . 66 a

cinereolimbata Is Cref Met. 509
cinereus Holl. Tryph. 451 . . . 73 b
cinereus Holl. Trypk. 470
cingala Eterusia 20
cingulata Gd. Pseud. 533 . . . 77 i

cingulifera Wkr. Arg. 112
cinnamomea Wllgr. Hex. 132
cinnamomea Wllgr. Met. 52
cippus Euclea 448

circe Fawc. Call. 358 . 61 a

circulosa Gd. Desm. 414 . . . . 69 g
circumcincta Saalm. Bhen. 416

circumdata Holl. Das. 184

circumdata Holl. Ilema 83

Cirina Wkr. 332

cirrkochroa Mab. Litk. 81

ch-rilator le Cerf Coss. 541 . . 79 a

Cisthene 65, 74, 76

citana Sells. & Cl. Das. 166

citana Schs. Utid. 436 . . . . 72 b

Citheronia 349

citrago Her. Lorn. 190 . 28 b

citricostata Hmps. Pros. 107 . 15 g

citrimaculata Aur. Casph. 473 . 75 k
citrina Aur. Anth. 432
citrina Schs. Lech. 219
citrinarius Gd. Lob. 330 . . . . 55 b

citrinus Drc. Phas. 308 . . . . 47 b

citrona B.-Bak. Eup. 148

citrona Her. Lae. 163 . 28 a

civilis Her. Acl. 191 . 26 d

clara B.-Bak. Phil. 228
clara Holl. Asu. 71

clara Holl. Epan. 399 . 68 e

clara Holl. Seir. 105 . 15 c

claria Strd. Jan. 295

clarilla Aur. Epan. 399 . . . . 68 d

clarior Gd. Ter. 511 78 i

clarissima Gd. Care. 94 .... 12 c

clarki Aur. Hen. 269 . 40 e

clarki Janse Lae. 161 . 23 c

Clania Wkr. 483
Clanis 362

clathrata Hmps. Plag. 496 . . . 76 g

clathrata Holl. Das. 183 . . . 25 a

clathrata le Cerf Cham. 524 . . 77 c

clathratipennis Strd. Dix. 496 . 75 i
clathratus Griinb. Leb. 502
clavis Saalm. Das. 170 . . . . 21 i

Cleapa Wkr. 422
Clemensia Pack. 69
clementsi Rothsch. Temn. 376
clementsi Schs. Schau. 251 . . . 34 e

cleopatra Aur. Lob. 329 . . . 54 c

cleoris Jord. Nud. 324
cleotis Sivh. Hyps. 397
cleotis Swh. Hyps. 398
clio F. Bas. 380

cloeckneria Stoll Caffr. 35 . . . 2 k

Closterothrix Mab. 221

Closterothrix 214

clotho Ther. 355

cluentius Cocyt. 13

coccinea Hmps. Mir. 469

coccinea. Miresa 452

cocciniceps Mab. Para. 76 . . . 9 k

Cochlidiidae 447

Cochlidion Hbn. 470

Cochlidionidae 447

Cochliopodae 447

Cochliopodes 447

cocquereli Bsd. Bat. 362 . . . . 61 e
Cocytia 16

Cocytius 13, 15. 127, 353
codeti Cochl. 447
Coelonia R. & J. 358
Coenobasis Wkr. 461
Coesa Wkr. 63
coilotoma. B.-Bak. Met. 277
coleta Nyct. 113, 115
colini Bouv. Eud. 319

colini Mab. Spil. Ill
collaris Aur. Arb. 510 . . . .

collaris Mschlr. Macr. 437 . . .
collesi Chal. 13, 127
collini Mab. Das. 179

collini Mab. Lat. 465 .

colon Mschlr. Litk. 79
Comacla Wkr. 67
comatus Karsch Strot. 472 . . .
comatus Strot. 465
combusta Wkr. Antic. 434
cometes Gn. Arg. 318
comma Hmps. Spir. 296 . . .

comma Hmps. Spir. 349
comma Hpffr. Neph. 372 . . .
comma Neph. 357
comma Strd. Sten. 430 . . . .
commasiae Wkr. Leuc. 379 . .

communicata Strd. Nyct 116
comorana Aur. Ag. 89 . . . .

comorana R. & J. Bat. 362
comorana R.& J . Maass. 371
comorana R. & J . Pseud. 363
comorana R & J. Temn. 374
comoroana Clk. Coel. 358
comoroana Clk. Neph. 372 . . .
compar R. & J . Poly. 366 . . .
complana Lith. 77
complanodes ILmps. Ag. 77 . .

complicata TParr. Rhod. 494

cornpsa Jord. Bal. 56 .

concava Strd. Pseud. 261 . . .

concavata Strd. Par. 462
concavum Strd. Tar. 237 . . .

concinna Dahlm. Neur. 29 . . .
concinna Hmps. Cel. 64
concinna Wllgr. Neur. 30
concinnula Mab. Ag. 89
concolor B.-Bak. Par. 466
concolor Janse Hopl. 421

concolor Strd. Oed. 77 .

concolor Wkr. Phyll. 296
concolor Wkr. Tar. 241
concolora B.-Bak. Garg. 422
concolora Swh. Ag. 89
co nf inis Bsd. Ceph. 371
confinis Dist. Das. 183
confluens Gd. Desm. 415 . . . .
confluens Her. Eup. 148 . . .

confluens Oberth. Thvr. 49 . . .
conformis Hmps. Apoth. 73
conformis Hmps. Sicc. 68 . . .
confusa Wkr. Neg. 289
confusa Wkr. Sus. 456 . . . .

confusa Wkr. Temn. 374
confuscata Wkr. Epip. 391 . . .
confusum Aur. Tar. 238 . . .

congener Hmps. Synt. 45 . . .
congia Holl. Das. 178
conglomerata Oberth. Hyps. 398
congoana Aur. Desm. 411 . . .
congoana le Cerf Mel. 529
congoense Aur. Tar. 238 ....
congoensis Rothsch. Bal. 55
congolensis Bouv. Nud. 325
congolensis Oberth. Imbras. 331
congregarius Strd. Diap. 276 . .
congruata Janse Pkyc. 426 . .

conica Nyct. 113
conimacula R. & J. Nept. 372
conisphora Hmps. litk. 83. . .
conjuncta Griinb. Lech. 218 . .
conjuncta Hmps. Neur. 30
conjuncta Strd. Dact. 351 . . .
conjunctifascia J . & T. Das. 174

connexa Wkr. 51 .

Conopia le Cerf 525
Conopsia Strd. 536
Conopsia 515

conradsi Rbl. Nud. 323 . . . .
conradti Oberth. Bal. 55
consanguinea Dist. Anth. 432
consanguineus Dist. Pol. 367

plat.

78 k
72 c

74 h

75 g

44 c

64 e

71 d
66 e

1 7 a

65 a
63 c

9 i

7 f
37 c

32 b, c
2 c

9 h

69 g
27 g

4 h

5 li

73 h

67 li
33 a
3 i

69 e
32 d, e

39 c

70 i

11 c
29 e

47 f

6 a

52 a c

71 f

INDEX.

573

consimilis Hmps. Car. 75
consimilis Hmps. Synth. 44
consimilis R. & J ■ Poly. 366
consocin Parasa 448
consocia Wkr. Eup. 147 . . . .
consors Btlr. Nyct. 116
conspersa Aur. Bomb. 232 . . .
conspersa Aur. Lob. 84
conspersa Aur. Mar. 294
conspersa Aur. Psel. 335
conspersa Dew. Plat. 364
conspersa Her. Lym. 195 . . .

conspersa Ky. Lich. 296
conspersa Wkr. Ter. 512
conspurcata Aur. Chrys. 478
constellata Warr. Beg. 498
constellata Warr. Dys. 490
constricta Btlr. Cer. 42
constrigilis Wkr. Plat. 363 . .

contemptor Her. Eup. 148 . .

contigua Saalm. Thyr. 49 . . .
continentis R. & J. Neph. 373 .
continua Aur. Ber. 224
contorta Fry. Lith. 81 . . . .

contracta Wkr. Met. 34
contracta Warr. Lom. 290
contraria Wkr. Orn. 30 ... .
contraria Wkr. Pach. 269 . . .
contraria Pacliym. 270
contrarius Wkr. Poly. 367 . . .
contrasta B.-Bak. Met. 53
convergens B.-Bak. Eup. 148
convergens Her. Ohio. 467 . . .
convexa Bouv. Imbr. 331
convexa Her. Lip. 197
convexa R. & J . Poly. 365
convolvuli L. Herse 358
convolvuli Herse 353
Copidryas 17

coquereli Oberth. Hyps. 397 . .

cornuta Aur. Opl. 226 .

cornuta Holl. Ninia 26
cornuta Strd. Pach. 245 . . . .
coronillae Zyg. 20
coiticea Jord. Lith. 361
corticea Jord. Lud. 341 . . . .
corticicolor Aur. Fent. 420
corvus Wllgr. Synt. 45
coryndoni R. & J . Poly. 367 . .
Coryphodema Fldr. 543
Coscinia 92
Coscinocera 13

cosima Plotz Epy. 306 . . . .

Cosmophila 11
Cosmotriche 253, 276
Cossidae 39, 445
Cossidae 539

cossula Holl. Leb. 502 . . . .

Cossus F. 541
Cossus 501, 502, 517, 539
costalis Swh. Stilp. 131
costigera Wkr. Garg. 422
costilinea Joic. Epipl. 393
costimacula Mob. Phry. 87
costimacula Swh. Dig. 91 . . .

costimaculata Aur. Lith. 79 . .
costimaculata Aur. Lith. 81 . .
costiplaga Holl. Das. 185
costiplaga Holl. Eug. 65
costiplagiata Hmps. Roes. 63
costiplicata Hmps. Lith. 78
costipuncta H.-Schaff. Phia. 298
costistrigata Hmps. Met. 509
Cosuma Wkr. 450
cosyra Copidr. 17
cowani Btlr. Gastr. 268

craigi Holl. 70 .

Crambinae 517

cramboides Kenr. Lith. 81 . .

Crambometra Prt. 431
Cr ambus 81

cramer i Ky. Imbrasia 331
Craspia Aur. 222

plat.

. 3 f

28 g

31 d

25 g

76 c

62 d
28 c
4 g
65 b

8 h

2 d
38 b

63 f

75 b

68 a
30 1

34 a

59 a

63 d

46 d

78 b

17 f
10 b
10 f

44 d

8 I

10 g

Craspia 214, 221

crassa Fldr. Met. 52 .

crass a Wkr. Dysod. 490
crassilineatus Gd. Coss. 542
crassistriga Strd. Phia. 298 . .
crassus Drury Xyl. 546 . . .
crataegi Trich. 208, 260
craushayi Hmps. Llibr. 124
craushayi Hmps. Micr. 78
crausis Drc. Das. 174 ....
crawshayi Aur. Chrys. 477
crawshayi Btlr. Hibr. 124
crawshayi Hmps. Cer. 42 . .

Creagra Wllgr. 132
Creatonotus Him. 104
creatoplaga Hmps. Lith. 81 .

creatoplaga Lith. 84
cregoei Dist. Bant. 297 . . .
cremeri Oberth. Lobob. 329
cremorna Hmps. Met. 508
crenata R. & J . Lik. 370
crenophylax Holl. Ap. 51 . .
crenulata B.-Bak. As. 71
crenulata B.-Bak. Das. 187
crenulata B.-Bak. Lei. 249
crenulata B.-Bak. Rhod. 165
crenulata B.-Bak. Trot. 440
crenulata Fawc. Eos. 342
crenulata Holl. Temn. 376
creobota Holl. Synt. 46 . . .
crepax Wllgr. Jana 304
cretacea Btlr. Xyl. 546 . . .
eretacea Hmps. Nola 62 . .

cretacea Hmps. Roes. 63 . .

cretacea Holl . Cochl. 470
cretata Dist. Dal. 556
cretata Hmps. Eupr. 73 . . .

cretata Hmps. Sicc. 68 . . .

cretata Karsch Lat. 465 . . .

crib-aria Bril. Spil. 96
cribraria Clerk Arg. 112
cribrelli Btlr. Cer. 336 . . .

cribroides Kenr. Lith. 79 . .

Cricula 313, 315
Crinipus Hmps. 517
Crinocraspeda 221
Crinodes 501

cristatum Cr. Tar. 235 . . .

critheis Drc. Cham. 524
critobulos Fawc. Desm. 410 .
croceigramma Hmps. Lac. 141
croceina Mab. Nid. 292
croceipes Aur. Mel. 56
croceipuncta Hmps. Anth. 432
croceisticta Hmps. Eup. 149
croceizona Hmps. Synt. 45
crocicollis H.-Schaff. Ola. 137
crocipes Bsd. Cror. 135 . . .
Crocosia Hmps. 85
crocosticta Hmps. Eup. 143
crocota Bsd. Eup. 145 . . .

croesus Gerst. Chrys. 388 . .

cromptoni Swh. Das. 171 . .

Cropera Wkr. 134
Cr opera 163

croperoides Her. Lae. 163 . .
Crorema Wkr. 135
Croremopsis Her. 136
| crossei Rothsch. Hipp. 382
i crossi Rothsch. Spil. 97 . . .
j crossosema Meyr. Dal. 556
Crothaema Btlr. 455
crowleyi Aur. Vi. 309 . . .

crucifera Holl. Das. 184
crudeni J arise Gorg. 557
cruentata Btlr. Ut. 93 ...

Crypopalpia Hmps. 517
Cryptomima Btlr. 533
Cryptomima 515, 516
Ctenocompa Karsch 452
Ctenocompa 184
Ctenogyne Fhlr. 288
Ctenolita Karsch 452

plat.

. 6 f

. 79 c
. 44 d
. 80 a

. 24 c
. 76 a

.3a

• 10 g

. 44 d

6 a

• 65 g
4 a

. 80 b
8 b
8 d

9 d
8 i
74 h

. 57 c
. 10 c

. 32 a
. 69 d

. 3 k

. 20 f

. 22 b
. 67 f
. 24 d

. 21

O’

to

. 13 b

. 47 d

. 12 b

plat.

Ctenolita 448, 470
Ctenosia Hmps. 83
ctiscitrona Swh. Eupr. 148
cubicularis Strd. Phia. 299 . . 44 e

Cucullia 422

culminidentata Oberth. Hyps. 398 68 b

culta Hbn. Dig. 91 . 17 f

culiraria Drepana 20
cunea Drury Hyph. 103
cuneata Aur. Rhin. 247 . . . . 34 b

cuneata Strd. Lith. 83 .... 11 d

cuneatum Dist. Tar. 238 . . . . 32 d

cuneilinea Wltr. Cat. 234 . . . 31 e

cunina Stoll Phia. 301 . . . . 43 a

cuprea Dist. Hen. 269

cuprea Gd. Sal. 505 . 78 e

cupreitincta Hmps. Ast. 32 . . 2 h

cuprescens Hmps. Par. 534
cupreum Dist. Tar. 241
cuprizonata Hmps. Synt. 44 . . 3 f

Curoba 113
curriei Dyar Bal. 56
curta Rothsch. Phry. 87 . . . . 11 h
curtiplaga Mob. Synt. 44
curtula R.&'J. Temn. 376
curvatula Rothsch. TIopl. 422. . 70 e
curviflua Warr. Rhod. 494
curvilimes Her. Temn. 375 . . . 65 f
curvilinea Aur. Lith. 80 ... 10 e

curvilinea Sivh. Chad. 419
curvilinea Wkr. Spil. 95 ... 12 e

curvistriga Strd. Phia. 299
curvivirgata Ksch. Das. 172 . . 23 i
custodita Strd. Pach. 270 . . . 38 d
cyanea Hmps. Sal. 31
cyanea Hmps. Synt. 46 ... . 4 b

cyanescens Hmps. Con. 526 . . 77 d
cyaniris Ky. Ceph. 371

cyanogramma Hmps. Anaph. 74 9 e

cyanopis Hmps. Ast. 32
cyanota Meyr. Pollan. 35
cyanothorax Hmps. Sal. 31
cyanoxantha Mab. Arn. 28
cybelistis Holl. Cer. 42 .... 3 a

Cyclosia 21

cymaeasticha B.-Bak. Trid. 497
cymaphora Hmps. Met. 507
Cymaroa Hmps. 151
cymatodes R. A’ J ■ Poly. 366
Cymatopaclia Aur. 251
Cymatopacha 216
Cymatophoridae 14, 15
cymatophorina Her. Das. 186 . 27 c

cymographa Hmps. Pseud. 277
cymographa Hmps. Pseud. 277 . 39 d
cynniris Guer. Ceph. 371
Cyphotopsyche 63
cyrene Weym. Lob. 329
Cyrtogone Wkr. 338
Cyrtogone 316
Cyrtojana Aur. 295

cytherea F. Nud. 324 . 50 c

cytis Drc. Pol. 367
cytisi Zyg. 20
cytogarter Holl. Myops. 42

I>.

Dactyloceras Melt 350

Dalaca Wkr. 555

Dalceridae 15

damalis Holl. Bal. 55

damba B.-Bak. Desm. 411.

damarensis Griinb. Synt. 44 . . 3 g

Danais 19

dannfelti Aur. Jan. 295 . . . . 42 d

dannfelti Aur. Opist. 213 . . . 29 b

danva Sells. & Cl. Das. 185 . . . 25 b

daphaena Hmps. Bal. 56 ... 5 f

daphne Her. Das. 168 . . . 23 f, 27 b
daphne Weym. Pseud. 334

574

INDEX.

plat.

daphnoides Her. Das. 168 . .
Darala 128
Darceta 17
dardanus Pap. 10
daressalamica Slrd. Dig. 91
Dasaratha Mr. 484
Dasyarctia Gd. 164
Dasycampa Janse 155
dasychira Hmps. Ram. 434
Dasychira Slcph. 165
Dasychira 130, 162
Dasychirana B.-Bak. 187
dasychirina Gd. Hopl. 421
Dasychirimila Her. 187
dasychiroides Btlr. Hopl. 421
dasychiroides Janse Brey. 431
dasychiroides Rofhsch. Hopl. 42
Dasychoproctis Her. 151
dasypoda Wllgr. Phia. 297 . .
dawsoni Disi. Clirys. 498
dealbata H.-Schaff. Oi'ea. 133
deannulata Strd. Ap. 51
de beeri Ob. Bun. 320
debilis Fldr. Ter. Ill . . . .
debilis Gd. Xanth. 435 . . .

debilis Xanth. 402
deborah Weym. Nud. 323
Deborrea Heyl. 485
Decachorda Aur 338
decemmaculata Rothsch. Maen.
decempunctata Tessm. Pirg. 12f
deceptans Hmps. Agl. 75 . .

deceptrix Kenr. Tar. 240 . .

decipiens Holl. Phry. 87
decolor Karseh Par. 464 . . .
decolor Karseh Par. 465
decolor le Cerf Good. 343
decolorata Her. Ar. 154 . . .
decora Fawc. Cer. 250 ....
decora Oberth. Bal. 55
decorata Dist. Oroth. 455 . .

decorata Wichgr. Trot. 440
decreta Fryer lath. 83
deduplicata Strd. .Ian. 295 . .
defasciata Gd. Psal. 423 . . .

definita D.-Bak. Anad. 260
definita B.-Bak. Tricli. 216
deflecta Her. Ar. 154 ....
degenerata Her. Pach. 468 . .
degenera Wkr. Par 297 . . .
dehanicus Strd. Phas. 307 . .
Deilemera 113
deilemerana Strd. Sec. 114
Deilepliila hasp. 371
deilephila 353

deleta Her Lept. 150 ... .

27 e

71 d

41 i

16 h
72 a

99 13 h
. 19 b

• 9g
. 33 b

. 74 f

34 e

73 g

42 a
70 f

22 °’
75 d
43 e
41 g

9.9. e

delegorguei Bsd. Lud. 341 . . . 59 b
delegorguei Lud. 314
deletum Jord. Orth. 344
delicata D.-Bak. Anth. 433 . . 71 h

delicata Holl. Das. 166 . . . . 23 e
delicata R.&J. Hipp. 381.
delicata Wkr. Ohion. 72
delicatissima Monda 482
delicatissima Wkr. Mon. 486 . . 72 i
delicatula Aur. Gastr. 275 . . . 39 d
delicatus Jord. Poly. 368 . . . 64 a

delimbatula Strd. Tnum. 71
Dclo'hachis Karseh 462
Delorhachis 469

demolini Ang. Loph. 370 . . . 64 d

demolini Loph. 9. 356
dempwolffi Strd. An. 397 . . . 68 a

denigrata Gd. Sal. 505
densilineata Oberth. Bun. 320

densoi Kef. Neph. 372 . 65 b

dentata Aur. Opist. 213 . . . . 29 c

dentata Aur. Phil. 230 . . . . 31 c

dentata Hmps. Lud. 341 . . . 59 a

dentata Her. Eup. 148 .... 22 e

denticula B.-Bak. Pach. 246
dentifera M. & IF. Psel. 335 . . 57 a

denudata Her. Das. 173 . . . . 24 d

plat.

depauperata Mob. Porth. 139
dependens Warr. Het. 394
deplagiata Her. Das. 173 . .

deprivata Pag. A cr. 389
depurpuralis Strd. Synt. 45
derasa R. & J. Neph. 372 .
derelicta Prout Cramb. 431
deserticola Celer. 353
Desmeocraera Wllgr. 410
Desmeocraerula Strd. 416
desmotes Trnr. Cel. 64
desmotis Holl. Desm. 413 . .
despecta Fldr. Lich. 296 . .

despecta le Cerf. Met. 277
despecta Wkr. Soz. 84
desperata Her. Nat. 470 . .

destigmata Strd. Neph. 373
devittata Strd. Ut. 93
Devitzia Holl. 364
devylderi Aur. Trich. 298 . .
dewitzi Aur. Lech. 220 . . .

dewitzi Griinb. Porth. 140 20 h
dewitzi Maass. Veg. 342 . . .
dewitzi Veget. 313
dexippus Fawc. Hipp. 382 . .
dexithea Drc. Hyl. 117
deyrollei Thoms. Imbr. 331
deyrollei Imbr. 315
Diacrisia Hmps. 94, 95
diagonalis Bryk Ur. 287 . .

diagonalis Hmps. Orth. 506
dialeuca Hmps. Met. 508
diana Gehlen Pseud. 363
Dianeura Btlr. 24
Diapalpus Strd. 275
diaphanella Mab. Lae. 162
diascia Hmps. Lae. 160
Diastema Aur. 431
Diastemina Gd. 431
diastropha Prt. Ag. 89
diatoma Her. Das. 186 . . .

diatrecta Hmps. Pyd. 437
dicanus Bsd. Temn. 374
Dicranura 1 4
Dicroplema Gd. 394
dido M.&W. Nud. 322
Diduga 68

didymata Kent. Das. 180
diego Ccqu. Hyps. 398 . . .

differenciata Bryk Lorn. 290
difficilis Strd. Phia 300
difficilis Wkr. Ar. 153
difinis Haemorrh. 356
diffinis Jord. Netr. 27
difformis Hmps. Alon. 527
difformis Jord. Ast. 32 ...

diffusa Dist. Das. 170
diffusa Her. Act. 191
diffusus R.&J. Poly. 367

. 24 a

. 64 e
. 71 e

. 69 e
. 44 b

7o e

. 43 e
. 30 a
, 28 f
. 58 b

67 b
. 56 a

. 41 c

jo c

. 68 c
. 41 d

2 h

Rigama Mr. 90

digitatus Ksch. Poly. 365 . . . 62 f

dilateralis Hmps. Synt. 45 . . . 3 g

dilecta Wkr. Bet. 495

dilectula Wkr. Ocm. 283

Dilina 354

Dilophonota 361

Dilophura Hmps. 28

diluta Holl. Das. 184

diluta Holl. Ilema 83

diluta Weym. Peric. 106

dilutior Rothsch. Ut. 93 . . . . 12 a
dilutum Aur. Tar. 237 .... 32 c

dimidiata Aur. Vi. 309 . . . . 47 d
dimidiata F. God. 92
dimidiata Strd. Lech. 220 . . . 30 a

dimorpha Janse Anth. 432 . . 71 f

dina Her. Das. 1S7 . 27 b

Dinara 433
Dinometa Aur. 275
Dinotodonta Holl. 426
Dinotodonta 408

diodonta Hmps. Met. 510 . . . 78 h
Diodosida Hbn. 373

plat.

dione F. Nud. 324 . 50 b

Dionychopus H.-Schdff. 105
Dionychoscelis Aur. 105
diops Heniocha 313
Dioptidae 15
diospyri Mab. Bun 320

diplisticta B.-Bak. Lith. 79 . . 10 b

diplocyna Hmps. Tar. 237 . . . 32 b
diplogramma Her. Rhyp. 198 . 27 f

Diplonyx Hmps. 75

diplosticha Hmps. Spil. 96 . . . 12 h
diplosticta Rbl Eup. 149
diplozona Hmps. Nola 62 . . . 8 b

Diplura Rmb. 263
Dipluriella Strd. 263
Dipluriella 253

diptera Wkr. Mel. 56 . 5 g

Dirades Gn. 393
directa Wkr. Lei. 249
directum Mab. Par. 240
discalis Hmps. Garg. 422

discalis Wkr. Ar. 153 . 22 f.

j discata Drc. Synt. 47 . 4 d

discata Gd. Sal 504 .... 78 e

discata Warr. Dix. 496
discifera Hmps. Lith. 82 ... 11 a

discifera Kscli. Nepth. 372 . . . 64 f
discifera Ly. Euchr. 57
discipuncta Holl. Eup. 147 . . 22 d

discissa Griinb. Stilp. 131 . . . 20 a

discistriga Eut. 11
discistriga Psil. 356

discocellularis Strd. Cat. 234 . . 31 e
discolepia Hmps. Lae. 160
discomma Jord. Scr. 424 . . . 70 h

Discophora 20

discophora Hmps. Zin. 56 ... 73 h

discrepans Btlr. Pseud. 334
disjuncta Aur. Eupr. 141
disjuncta Gd. Bet. 496 . . . . 76 i

dispar Lymantria 20
disparilis Strd. Lechr. 220
disparina Her. Act. 192 . . . . 26 h
dissimilis Aur. Het. 189 . . . . 25 d
dissimilis B.-Bak. Synt. 44
dissimilis Dist. Est. 101 . . . . 13 i
dissimilis Janse Parar. 410
dissimilis Strd. Lept. 150
Dissoprum a Warr. 390

distalis Gd. Epan. 399 . 68 d

distanti Dew. Obyra 231
distanti Dew. Proc. 107 . . . . 15 g

distanti R.& J . Pern. 360
dist-icha Hmps. Phil. 67 .... 8 g

disticta B.-Bak. Eup. 149
distigmata Hmps. Lith. 79 . . 10 a

distigmata Lith. 78 87
distincta Dist. Pseud. 264 . . . 38 a

distincta le Cerf Met. 508 . . . 78 i

distincta Rothsch. Hopl. 305 . . 46 a

distincta Saalm. Thyr. 49
distincta Wichgr. Eup. 145
distinguendum Aur. Tar. 240 . 32 e

distributa Wkr. Nola 61
diva Mab. Ut. 93
divalis Schs. Synt. 45
divaricatus Bouv. Nud. 320
diversa B.-Bak. Met. 52

diversata Hmps. Spil. 96 ... 12 g

dives Aur. Lei. 248 . 40 c

dives Btlr. Chrys. 498
divisa Aur. Pseud. 264

divisa Aur. Spid. 289 . 41 e

divisa Gd. Paras. 429 . 71 c

divisa Holl. Eucl. 464
divisa Marbla 482

divisa Wkr. Cat. 400 . 68 f

divisa Wkr. Mar. 157 . 22 i

Di xoa Hmps. 496

diyllus Fawc. Hipp. 381 . . . . 67 b
dodona Drc. Birth. 459
dohertyi R.&J. Cliaer. 379 . . 66 f
dohertyi Warr. Epip. 391 ... 6

INDEX.

575

plat.

dolabella Drc. Nud. 321 . . . . 49 b
doleriformis Wkr. i\Ion. 520 . . 77 b
doleris Plots Hyl. 117
dolickoloba Hmps. Sem. 23
dollmani Hmps. Spil. 95 ... 12 e

dollmanni Jord. Orth. 344
dollmanni Tams Pack. 271
dollmanni Tams Pseud. 262

dolosa Her. Mar. 158 . 21 d

donaldsoni Holl. Ber. 225

donckieri le Cerf Con. 526 . . 77 e

Dor at if era 448

Doratopteryx Bgh. 23

dorcas Wkr. Imbrasia 331

doriae Ob. Sec. 114 . 19 a

dorsalis Wkr. Est. 100
dorsoglauca Wkr. Soz. 84
dor us Bsd. Temn. 375
doubledayi Ww. Chal. 486
Povania B. &. J . 360
Draconia 489
Drapena Gd. 289

dregei H.-S chaff. Bra, 164 .. . 23 d

Drepana 287, 289

Drepanidae 287

Drepanojana Aur. 309

Drepanoptera Bothsch. 317

Drepanula Gd. 287

Diepanulina Gd. 287

drucei B.-Bak. Gon. 258 . . . 40 c

druna Swh. Nyct. 116 .... 19 a

Drymonia 433
drymonides Sit'd. Zer. 429

dubia Aur. Strip. 131 . 21 a

dubia Swh. Das. 181 . 21 a

dubiosa Her. Das. 151 . 22 f

dubiosissima Strd. Lym. 193
ducalis Griinb. Drep. 317

ducalis Jord. Veg. 342 . 58 b

ducorpsi Fleury Cyrt. 339

Dudgeonea Hmps. 543

dulcinea Btlr. Lym. 194 . . . . 26 a

dumolini Wkr. Loph. 370

Duomitus Hbn. 549

Duomitus 539

duplex Gd. Onoph. 418 418. . . 70 c
duplicata Aur. Pseud. 264
duplicata Gd. Alen. 418 . . . . 70 b

duplicata Gd. Epit. 47 . 4 e

dura Kef. Pseud. 334
durbanica Hmps. Leb. 502
durbanica Jord. Mai. 33 ... . 2 i

durbania Oberth. Bun. 320
duvauceli Psich. 41

dybowskii le Cerf Par. 534 . . 77 i

dyops M. & W. Hen. 337
Dyphlebia Fldr. 84
Dysauxes Hbn. 49
Dysauxes 12, 48
Dysodia Clem. 490
Dyspessa 501, 544
Dysphania 14

E.

Facies 349

ealana Strd. Epan. 399 . . . . 68 c

ebenaui Saalm. Par. 463 . . . . 74 e

eblis Streck. Imbr. 332 . . . . 56 a

ebneri Bbl. Ac. 485

eborea Gd. Uroj. 307 . 45 d

eborea Tams Napta 266
eborella Bsd. Lampr. 76
ecclesiastica Her. Macr. 455 . . 73 g

Eccopa Karsch 471
Eccopa 448

echinata Saalm. Rapk. 211
Echinopteryginae 487
Echinopteryx Hbn. 487
echo Seir. 94, 105
ectoleuca Hmps. Scalm. 405

ectothyris Hmps. Mel. 531
Ectropa Wllgr. 478
eddela Swh. Lym. 194

plat.

edentata B.& J. Leuc. 364 .
editlia Wichgr. Nud. 322

. . 62 e

edlingeri Bril. Est. 99 . . .

. . 13 h

edulis Bsd. Stripk. 293 . .

efulani Clk. Ant. 378

. . 42 a

efulensis Holl. Thyr. 51 . .

effusa Wkr. Gon. 257
egens Asota 88
egeria B.-Bak. Sal. 32

. . 5 d

eguttalis Gd. Strigl. 495 . .
ehrmanni Automolis 52

. . 76 i

ehrmanni Holl. Bal. 55 . .

Eilema 78

. . 7 f

elachista Holl. Myops. 43

. . 3d

elasson Holl. Cer. 42 ... .

. . 3 b

elata F. Ut. 93 .

. . 12 a

elata Jord. Arn. 28 ... .
eleagni Bsd. Cel. 379

. . 2 a

elegans Aur. Bal. 55 . . . .

. . 5 f

elegans Aur. Brack. 439 . .

. . 72 e

elegans Aur. Call. 544 . . .

. . 79 d

elegans Aur. Cat. 234 . . .

. . 32 a

elegans Btlr. Das. 174

elegans Btlr. Lith. 78 . 9 k

elegans J arise Leuc. 417
elegans Jord. Caspk. 473
elegans Pag. Anom. 25
elegans Bothsch. Temn. 376 . . 65 g

elegans Weym. Arn. 28 .... 2 a

elegans Wichgr. Nipk. 467
elegantissima Strd. Bal. 55
elegantula Her. Mar. 157 . . . 22 i

elepkantinalis Karsch Trid. 497 76 h

eleuteria Stoll Cror. 135 . . . . 20 f
eleuteriopsis Her. Ru. 136 . . 21 b

Eligma 16

elisa Wichgr. Nud. 322
Ellenbeckia B. &. J. 362
ellenbergeri le Cerf Sura 533 . 77 i

ellioti Btlr. Per. 106 . 15 f

elongata Aur. Phyr. 87

elongata Gd. Anth. 433 . . . . 71 k

elongata Jord. Casph. 473
elongata Bothsch. Litk. 82
elongata Swh. Dig. 90
Elpenor Oken 371
elpenor Perg. 353

elsa Drc. Bar. 453 . 73 e

elucidata Griinb. Arg. 319
elymais Drc. Cham. 523
emarginata Aur. Lei. 249 . . . 34 d
emarginata Leip. 216
emiliae Heyl. Chal. 486 . . . . 72 k
emini Btlr. Nud. 326
empiformis Esp. Cham. 524
encausta Hmps. Antk. 432 . . . 71 g
endocosta Hmps. Nola 62 . . . 8 a

endocrocis Hmps. Synt. 44 . . 3 g

endomela B.-Bak. Leb. 502 . . 78 a

endopkaea Hmps. Das. 166 . . 23 f

endopyra Hmps. Horn. 535 . . 77 i

endoxantha Hmps. Ap. 51 . . . 6 b

endoxantka Hmps. Mel. 530
Endromidae 15
Endromis 13
Endrosa 74

eningae Hmps. Lith. 79

eningae Plotz Litk. 79 .... 10 b
enodius Holl. Poly. 366 . . . . 63 b

enos Drc. Das. 178 . 24 f

entebi Hmps. Synt. 46
Eohemera Aur. 114
Eopirga Her. 156

eos Her. Lae. 163 . 21 g

Eosia le Cerf 342

Epanaphe And. 398

epargyra Karsch Cten. 452 . . 73 d

ephialtes Zyg. 12

Epicampoptera Bryk 290
epicaste Fawc. Ams. 102

plat.

Epicerura B.-Bak. 409
epicles Bsd. Ther. 382
Epicnapteroides Strd. 278
Epicnapterygidae 39
Epicoma 128, 129, 395
Epicopeia 15, 387
Epicopiidae 387
Epicraniidae 553
Epidonta B.-Bak. 439
Epijana Holl 306

epimetkea Dry. Imbr. 331 55 b, 56 b

epinepkela B.-Bak. Het. 427

Epinephela 313

Epiplialera Gd. 418

Epiphora Wllgr. 317, 318

Epiphora 13, 313, 315

Epiplema 391

Epipleminae 390

Epipyrops 15

Episannina Aur. 518

Epitarsipus le Cerf 520

epithyrena M.&W. Lob. 329

Ebitoxis Wllgr. 47

Epitoxis 12

Epizygaena Jord. 29

eranga Holl. Temn. 376

Erasmia 20

Erastrianae 10, 14

erato Fawc. Temn. 375 . . . . 65 g

Erebia 313

erata Gd. Eur. 429 . 71 b

erecta Gd. Met. 508 . 78 g

eremitana Strd. Othr. 138
Eremocossus Hmps. 544
Eressa Wkr. 47.

Eressades B.-Bak. 47

ericata Btlr. Arn. 27 . 1 i

Eriocraniidae 14
Eriogaster 208
eriogastra Meyr. Dal. 557
Eriogyna 313
Erionota 20

erlangeri B. &. J . Odont. 377
erlangeri B. J . Poly. 638

erlangeri Bothsch. Met. 52 ... 6 g

eroki B.-Bak. Epid. 439

erosa Holl. Epic. 290 . 41 e

erosus Jord. Poly. 365 . . . . 65 b

erubescens Wkr. Pol. 368

ertli Bbl. Imbr. 331 . 56 b

ertli Wichgr. Das. 174
erubescens Hmps. Trit. 50
erubescens Holl. Das. 185
erubescens J ■ & T . Bal. 55
erubescens Wkr. Met. 54
erycinaria Gn. Diss. 390

erythrias Holl. 70 . 8 1

erythrina Holl. Lorn. 189 . . . 26 e

erythromma Hmps. Syn. 521
erythropleura Mab. Litk. 79 . . 9 1

eryfhropyga Mab. Tasc. 33
erythropyga Wllgr. Am. 27 . . Ik

erythrosticta Hmps. Porth. 140

erythrotes Ksch. Lob. 328
erythrura ,1m/’. Lael. 217
escota Hmps. Das. 182
esmeralda Hmps. Ast. 32 ...2k

esmeralda Hmps. Cer. 409 . . . 69 b
eson Cr. Hipp. 381 . 67 a

esquamata B.-Bak. Parax. 152
Estigena Mr. 212
Fstigmene Hbn. 99
Estigmene 61

ethiopica B.-Bak. Hadr. 460
etkiopica Hmps. Cham. 524

ethoa Wkr. All. 333 . 56 c

etiennei Schont. An. 397 . . . . 68 d

euchlora Karsch Per. 463 . . . 74 e

Euchloron Bsd. 380

Euchloron 13, 354

Eucliroa Fldr. 338

Euchromia Hbn. 56

Euchromia 41

576

INDEX

plat.

Euclea 448
Euclea Hbn. 464
Eucocytiadae 127
Euctenia Fldr. 30
Eudaemonia Hbn. 319
Eudaemonia 313
Eudia 313
Euglyphis 222
Eugoa Wkr. 65

eugraphea Hmps. Rhod. 491 . . 76 e
eugraphica Wkr. Spil. 98 ... 13 e

Euhagena Edw. 523
Eulophonotus Fldr. 549
Eulophura Holt. 373
Eumeta 482

eumolphus Cr. Euckr. 57
Eu phaedra 9, 10
euphorbiae Celer. 353, 380
euphorbioides Swh. Cel. 379
Euplocia 12
Euploea 19

euprepia Hmps. Ter. 110 ... 16 g

euprepiaeformis H.-Schaff. An. 397

euprepioides Wichgr. Ter. 110

Enproctilla Aar. 140

Euproctilla 150

Euproctillopsis Her. 142

euproctina Aur. Lae. 162 . . . 21 d

euproctina Aur. Spil. 95 . . . . 13 f

Euproctis Hlbn. 143

Euproctii 123, 130, 139, 143, 197, 402

Euproctoides B.-Bak. 152

euproctoides Her. Cror. 135 . . 21 b

Euproctosia Hmps. 73

Euprotillina Her. 141

Eupterotidae 293

Eupteroditae 14, 401

eurema Plots Hyl. 117

Eurosia Hmps. 72

eurota B.-Bak. Oid. 459

eurygrapha Hmps. Anaph. 74 . 9 e

eurymas H.-Schdff. Ja. 303 . . 43 c

euryperalis Hmps. Staph. 24

euryphaea Hmps. Staph. 24

euryphlebia Hmps. Spil. 97 . . 13 c

Eurystaura Jansc 428

Eurystauropsis Gd. 430

Euryzonosia Hmps. 67

Euschema 14

euschemoides Psaphis 19

Euchemon 15, 16

Euschirropterus 17

eustrigata Hmps. Sal. 504

Euiane 74

Eutelia 11, 490

Eutelianae 490

euterpe Fawc. Hem. 302

Eutomis Hbn. 41

Eutrotonotus Gd. 440

euzepherodes Hmps. Ram. 434

evadne Fawc. Est. 99

evanescens Hist. Phas. 308

evanescens Hmps. Lae. 159 . . 23 b

evanescens Hmps. Lael. 135

evergisia Deil 113

Evonima 63

excellens Rotsch. Brach. 439 . . 72 f
excellens Strd. Hopl. 421 . . . 70 e

excentrica Strd. Pal. 292 . . . 41 f
excisa Wkr. Temn. 375
exclamationis Fawc. Hipp. 381
eximia TIoll. Stilp. 131
eximia Rothsch. Lud. 341 . . . 59 a

esochiformis Wkr. Syn. 522
exoleta B.-Bak. Das. 180
expallescens Saalm. Thyr. 49

expers Karsch 451 . 73 d

exsanguis S aim. Hacr. 455 . . 73 g
extatura Dist. Das. 183
extensa Btlr. Sec. 114 .... 18 d

extensa Gd. Desm. 415 . . . . 69 g

extensa Gd. Per. 406 . 68 i

extensa Her. Phleb. 449 . . . 73 a

plat.

extensa Saalm. Thyr. 49
extensa Wkr. Oreta 288
extenuata Wkr. Anth. 432 . . 71 g

extorta Dist. Das. 170 . 23 li

extranea Wkr. Casph. 472 . . . 75 g
extrema Her. Lae. 158
exul H.-Schdff. Dal. 555
exulans Zyg. 20

F.

fadella Mob. Hyl. 117

fadella Mab. Micr. 70 . 8 k

falcata Aur. Good. 343
falcata Darceta 17

falcatus R. & J . Poly. 366 . . . 63 b

falcifera Weym. Urapt. 389 . . 67 e

falckensteini Dew. Phaeg. 89
falkensteini Dew. Atem. 378
falkensteini Dew. Porth. 139 . . 20 i

fallax Holl. Nyct. 115

fallax Rothsch. Temn. 374

falsa Holl. Desm. 411

fantasia Btlr. Synt. 44

fanti Hmps. Coss. 541

fasciata Aur. Drep. 309 . . . . 47 e

fasciata Aur. Epan. 398 . . . 68 c

fasciata Aur. Sec. 114

fasciata Gd. Nud. 325

fasciata Gd. Pyg. 425 . 70 i

fasciata Gd. Pseud. 48 .... 4 f

fasciata Mab. Urapt. 389 . . . 67 d

fasciata Wkr. Eup. 143 . . . . 22 a

fasciatuni Wllgr. Macr. 379

fatua Heyn. Ut. 93 . 13 d

favillacea Wkr. Pern. 360 . . . 61 d
feae Aur. Epiph. 317
Featlieria Hmps. 462
felderi Rothsch. Nud. 323
felderi Wllgr. Anau. 535

feminina Rothsch. Phrvg. 110

fenestrata Aur. Odo. 253 . . . 35 c

fenestrata Btlr. Spid. 289
fenestrata Hecat. 17
fenestrata Jord. Bal. 56 ... . 7 d

fenestratella Warr. Dys. 490
fenestriculata Gd. Spid. 289 . . lie
fenestriculata Strd. Nud. 322

fennia Drc. Rhod. 108 . 16 b

Fentonia Btlr. 420
Fenlonina Gd. 421

ferax R.&J. Pol. 360 . 61 c

ferox Kenr. Gon. 258 . 37 a

ferrigera Drc. Met. 54 .... 6 i

ferruginea Aur. Brach. 439 . . 72 e

ferruginea Bouv. Nud. 321
ferruginea Btlr. Phil. 66
ferruginea Fldr. Pach. 244
ferruginea Hmps. Pyg. 407

ferrugineotincta Strd. Hole. 543 79 e
fervida Wkr. Eup. 144 . . . . 22 b
fervidaria F. Phiala 300
festiva Holl. Tip. 519 . . . . 77 a

festiva Jord. Lud. 341
f icicola Ww. & Orm. Ocin. 285
figlina Dist. Lae. 158
filamentaria Nematoc. 402
filipendulae Zyg. 29

fimbriata Karsch Par. 453 . . . 73 c

finalis Wkr. Tasc. 33 . 2 i

fissura Saalm. Alat. 441

flabellaria F. Ola. 137 .... 20g,h

flaccidia Drc. Nar. 460

flammans Hmps. Pyr. 534

flammata Warr. Dys. 490 . . . 76 e

flammea Mab. Ilema 83

flammea Schs. Eoh. 114 ... 18 e

flammipes Hmps. Tip. 519

flava Aur. Cam. 306 46 c

flava B.-Bak. Cer. 42 . 3 b

flava B.-Bak. Lae. 160

plat.

flava B.-Bak. Pseud. 466

| flava Gd. Eur. 429 . 71 e

j flava Her. Lept. 150 . 22 f

flava Holl. Das. 184
i flava Holl. Ilema 83

flava Wllgr. Spil. 97 . 13 a

j flavens Mab. Hyps. 398
flaveola B.-Bak. Lech. 220
I flaveola Gloss Gastr. 275
} flaveola Her. Acl. 191 . . . . 26 d

flavescens Holl. Ilet. 189 . . . 26 f

flavescens Rothsch. Nud. 324
flavescens Wichgr. Phil. 228, 230

flavia Arctia 106

flavia Fawc. Pach. 269 . . . . 38 e

flavia Oberth. Micr. 48
| flavibasis Hmps. Lith. 78 . . . 9 k
flavibasis Hmps. Met. 34 ... 2 k
flavibasis Her. Anex. 157 . . . 22 h
j flavicapilla Wllgr. Horn. 132 . . 20 b
| flaviceps Aur. Chrys. 478
flaviceps Hmps. Est. 99 . . . . 13 i

j flaviceps Hmps. Met. 54 ... 6 h

flavicilia Hmps. Lym. 195
flavicilia Hmps. Rhod. 493
! flavici iata Hmps. Cel. 64 . . . 8 e

flavici iata Hmps. Met. 52 . . . 6 d

flavicincta Aur. Met. 53 ... 6 d

flavicincta Hmps. Epis. 518
flavicincta Janse Eup. 144
flavicollis Wkr. Casph. 472
flavicolor Janse Met. 509
flavicosta Hmps. Ac. 101 . . . 15 b

flavicosta Hmps. Lat. 465 . . . 74 h

flavicosta Hmps. Ams. 102 . . 14 h

flavicosta Hmps. Phry. 87 . . 1 1 g

flavicosta Hmps. Pseudl. 75 . . 9 h

flavicosta Wllgr. Pus. 86
flavicostata Fawc. Phyll. 297
flavicostata Gd. Ams. 102 . . . 14 f
flavida Btlr. Hen. 337
j flavida Hmps. Pyd. 436
flavida Hmps. Staph. 24

flavidior Gd. Spil. 97 . 13 a

flavidior Rothsch. Phas. 308
flavidiscata Hmps. Sem. 22 . . lb
flavidula Warr. Dys. 490
flavidus Brtl. Spil. 97 .... 13 b

flavifrons Hmps. Stilp. 130
flavifrons Holl. Tip. 519 . . . 77 a

flavifrons Plots Sal. 31 .... 2 f

flavifrontella Strd. Phry. 87 . .lli
flavimacula Wkr. Bal. 55 . . . 7 c

flavimarginata Hmps. Agl. 75 . 9 g

flavimargo Her. Lael. 163 . . . 28 e

flavina Gd. Phia. 298 . 41 h

flavinata Wkr. Tag. 334 ... 57 a

| flavinotata Btlr. Acl. 191 . . . 26 c

flavipalpis Hmps. Mai. 33 . . . 2 k

j flavipalpis Hmps. Syn. 521 . . 77 b

j flavipectus Hm s. Con. 526
flavipectus Swh. Sap. 137 . . . 20 g
flavipennis Btlr. Terac. 110
flavipennis Hmps. Scalm. 404 . 68 f
flavipennis Wllgr. Phia. 299 . . 41 i
flavipunctata B.-Bak. Er. 47 . . 4 d

i flavipunctatus Gd. Parat. 440 . 72 g

j flavirena Hmps. Met. 52 . . . 6 d

flavissima Her. Pseud. 466 . . 75 b

flavithorax Rothsch. Onvcli. 74 9 f

flavitincta Hmps. Az. 455 . . . 79 g
flavitincta Hmps. Lac. 142
flaviventralis Cacost. 448
flavivitta Wkr. Tag. 335
flavizonata Hmps. Ams. 102 . . 14 h
flavoanalis Gd. Synt. 45 . . . 3 i

flavomarginata Aur. Lech. 219
flavomarginata Gd. Pseud. 336
flavula Pag. Rhod. 492 . . . . 76 f
fleuriotti Guer. Eup. 145
flexistriata Btlr. Lith. 83 ... 11 a

florida Joan. Dys. 49 . 5 b

florida Swh. Eup. 146 . . . . 22 c

Pull. 12. V. 1930.

INDEX.

577

floridula Her. Eup. 146 . . .
florifera H.-Schaff. Lat. 464
Fodinoidea Saalm. 154
foedus Swh. Erem. 544
foliaceus R. & J ■ Poly. 367
folletii Gray Euchr. 57
forata Warr. Drap. 289

forda Ww. Cir. 332 .

forficulata Mschlr. Gastr. 274
formosa Bsd. Uteth. 93
formosa Btlr. Phaeg. 89
formosa Gd. Scalm. 405 . . .
formosa Guer. Euchr. 57 . .

formosa Schze. Phyll. 369 . .
fovifera limps. Nola 62 . . .
fovifera Nola 64
fracta Sells. & Cl. Lae. 159
tract ifascia limps. Lith. 80
fractifascia Warr. Rhod. 493
fragilis Btlr. Hyl. 117
fragilissima Strd. 487 . .

francisca Btlr. Synt. 44
fraterna Gd. Leb. 503 . . . .
fraterna Mr. Cel. 64
frontalis Strd. Oed. 76. . . .
fulgorifera Her. Parath. 458
fulgurans R. & J . Poly. 367
fulgurata Aur. Pach. 244 . .

fulgurita Saalm. Ler. 264 . .
fuliginea Btlr. Lym. 196
fuliginea limps. Eur. 72 . .

fuliginosa Saalm. Das. 170
fuliginosum Holl. Tar. 239
fdlleborni Ksch. Sab. 302 . .
fiilleborniana Ksch. Nud.
fulleri Drc. Eoh. 114 ... .
fulva limps. Stapli . 24 . . .

fulva Holl. Gonol. 255
fulveolans Mab. Sem. 23 . .

fulvescens Wkr. Trich. 43 . .
fulvia Drc. Dec. 338 . . . .
fulvia Hmps. Asu. 71 . . . .
fulvia Hmps. Met. 53 ... .
fulviceps Hmps. Ola. 137
fulviceps Hmps. Sal. 31
fulvicincta Hmps. Sab. 302
fulvicolora Hmps. Lept. 150 .
fulvicorpus Hmps. Coen. 462
fulvicosta Hmps. Lae. 160
fulvida Btlr. Euchr. 57
fulvida Btlr. Euchr. 57
fulvida Dist. Gon. 258
fulvinigra Hmps. Euryz. 68 .
fulvinota Hmps. Ops. 71
fulvinotata Coel. 356
fulvinotata Btlr. Coel. 358
fulvinotata Btlr. Cror. 135
fulvinotata Btlr. Cror. 159
fulvipennis Hmps. Eup. 144
fulvipes Hmps. Cham. 524
fulvipicta Hmps. Rhod. 493
fulvithorax Hmps. Jans. 40
fulvithorax Hmps. Tas. 34
fulvosparsus Btlr. Coss. 542 .
fulvostriata Pag. Ber. 226
Fumea Steph. 487
Fumea 481

fumealis Janse Leb. 502
Fumeinac 487
fumeola Wkr. Macr. 84
fumicincta Hmps. Therm. 25
fumida Karsch Met. 509 . .

fumigera Warr. Epip. 392 . .
fumipennis Hmps. Sol. 90
fumitincta Hmps. Eup. 149
fumosa Holl. Das. 165
fumosa Janse Ac. 484
fumosa Jord. Othr. 138
fumosa Rothsch. Mel. 330
fumosa Saalm. Lym. 196 . .

fumosa Sonth. Pseud. 334
fumosa Wkr. Temn. 374 . .

fumosus R.&J. Poly. 367 . .

XIV

Plat.
- 28 g

. 63 e

. 55 d
. 41 a

• 68 g

• 5 g

. 64 b
8 a

. 23 c

. 72 i
. 78 c
. 9 h

. 35 c
. 37 d

9 a
. 24 a
. 33 b
. 45 b

. 18 e
. 1 d

1 c
. 3 d

. 51 a
. 81 1
. 6 d

. 22 e
. 71 b

8 h

. 61 a

. 77 c

. 79 c

. 78 g
• 67 g

. 25 h

. 65 e
. 63 e

Plat.

funebris F. Neph. 372 . . . . 64 f

I funebris Gd. Ja. 304 . 45 c

funebris Gd. Met. 509 . 78 g

funebris Holl. Temn. 374 . . . 65 e

funeralis Kenr. Lith. 78 ... . 9 k

furcatula Pag. Rhod. 494
furcifasciata Btlr. Care. 74 . . 9 e

furcula Clck. Cer. 409
furfurea Her. Lat. 465 . . . . 75 a

furva Hmps. Bal. 55 . 7 e

furva Hmps. Dal. 555

furva Hmps. Ola. 137

furvitincta Hmps. Cel. 64 . . . 8 e

fusca Aur. Cavir. 131

fusca Aur. Phil. 230

fusca Hmps. Met. 53 . 6 h

fusca Her. Stilp. 131 . 20 a

fusca Holl. Das. 185
fusca Holl. Ilema 83
fusca Rothsch. Nud. 320

fusca Wkr. Das. 165 23 e

fusca Wkr. Das. 180
fuscalis Janse Gorg. 558

fuscata Gd. Sal. 505 . 78 e

fuscata Her. Hibr. 124 . . 19 c

fuscata Janse Pol. 436 . . . 72 a

fuscata R.&J. Temn. 375
fuscescens Hmps. Dal 555
fuscescens Hmps. Phil. 229 . . 30 f

fuscescens Wkr. Thum. 71
fuscibasis Gd. Coss. 542 . . . . 79 c

fuscibasis Hmps. Rhod. 493 . . 76 g

fuscicolor Mab. Bun. 320
fuscicornis Wallgr. Cer. 42
fuscicorpus Hmps. Lith. 80 . . 10 d

fuscifusa Hmps. Macr. 458 . . 73 i

fuscifusa Hmps. Phrag. 548
fuscinervis Wesm. Him. 22
fuscinota Aur. Scalm. 405 . . . 68 h
fuscinotata Hmps. Lae. 158
fuscipennis Wllgr. Nyct. 116
fuscipes Hmps. Lith. 83

fuscitincta Hmps. Car. 75 . . . 9 h

fuscivena Hmps. Rhod. 109 . . 16 e
fuscivena Strac. 136
fuscivena Swh. Stra. 134 20 c, 21 a

fuscocervina Strd. Ocin. 284 . . 41a, b

fuscodorsata Aur. Phia. 299 . . 41 g

fuscofasciata A ur. Anad. 260 . . 37 c

fuscofasciata Aur. Lei. 248 . . 34 b

fuscomarginalis Wichgr. Cre. 104

fuscoradiata Gd. Ter. 511

fuscosa Brtl. Ams. 102

fuscovenata Brtl. Maen. 99

fuscovenata Wichgr. Og. 138

fuscula Her. Das. 185

fuscum Aur. Ter. 239 . 32 d

G.

gabuna Bent. Con. 525 . . . . 77 d

gabunica Aur. Mall. 272

gabunica Aur. Par. 294 . . . . 42 c

gabunica Holl. As. 71

gabunica Holl. Das. 172

gaetana Oberth. Sec. 114

galactina Mab. Arct. Ill

gallans Karsch. Zana 435

gallii Celer. 354

Galona Karsch 420

gambeyi Mab. Clost. 221 . . . 30 a
gamma Aur. Tar. 238 . . . . 32 d

ganale Pag. Omoc. 467
gangis Hbn. Creat. 104
ganymedes Her. Act. 191 . . . 24 f
Gargteta Wkr. 422
Gargettoscrancia Strd. 423
G astro m eg a Saalm. 268
Gastropacha 206, 251, 252, 277, 490
Gastroplakaeis Mschlr. 273
Gastroplakaeis 241

Gastroplalcaena Strd. 261, 263
Gathynia Wkr. 393
gaudens Wkr. Eupr. 145
Gavara Wkr. 472
Gavara 467

gemina Gd. Alat. 441 . . . .
gemina Hmps. Eug. 65 . . .
geminata Gd. Desm. 415 . .

geminata Mab. Man. 73
geminatus Gd. Xyl. 546 . . .
geminipuncta Hmps. Spil. 96
gemmans Fldr. Taeda 449 . .
gemmata Dist. Cer. 250 . . .
gemmata Dist. Eup. 146. . .
gemmata Eupr. 142
gemmata Hmps. Rhod. 491
gemmatula Her. Lac. 142 . .
gemmatus Wichgr. Phas. 307
gemmifera Btlr. Psel. 335 . .
geniculipennis Strd. Orth. 344
gentilis Btlr. Das. 174 . . .

geoffreyi B.-Bak. Das. 181
geometrica Per. 448
geometrica Oberth. Per. 106 .

geometroides Holl. Cten. 288
georgiana Fawc. Das. 173 . .
gephyra Her. Das. 170 . . .

Gephyrophora Karsch 451
germaini Bouv. Nud. 326
germana Rothsch. Bal. 55 . .
germana Rothsch. Ja. 304
gerresheimi Strd. Imbr. 331
Gerrodes 17, 448
gerstaeckeri Dav. Mim. 252
geryon Bsd. Hipp. 380 . . .

i /ergon Hipp. 357
getula M.&W. Epiph. 317
geyeri Oiket. 482
geyri Rothsch. Beral. 223
ghesquierii Talb. Eud. 319
gigantea Hmps. Lae. 160
gigantea Strd. Nyct. 116
giganteus Rothsch. Phas. 307
gigantipes le Cerf. Meg. 528 .
gigantipes Megal. 515, 516
gigas Aur. Aca. 370
gigas Dist. Amy. 420
gigas Sonth. Athl. 333
gilba Karsch. Mir. 469 ....
gladstonei Janse Camp. 431 .
glagoessa Holl. Bal. 54
glauca Gd.. Desm. 413 ....
glauca Hmps. Epic. 291
glauce Fawc. Nyct. 116
glaucinoe Hmps. Or. 288
glaucopiformis Wkr. Toosa 26
Glaucopis 536
glennia Jord. Ast. 32
Glocea 261

gloriosa Her. Croth. 455 . . .

gloriosa Her. Das. 166 . . .

gloriosa Jord. Bal. 55

gloriosana R.&J. Hipp. 381
glovera Swh. Das. 171
gloveroides Her. Das. 170 . .
glycyrrhizae Zyg. 20
Gnathostypsis Wllgr. 382
gnatula Bsd. Psich. 41 . . .

gnava Swh. Das. 178 ....
Godasa Wkr. 92
gondona Swh. Lym. 184
goniata Rothsch. Lud. 341 . .
Gonimhrasia 320
goniophora Hmps. Dal. 555
goniophora Hmps. Lith. 80
goniophoroides Strd. Lith. 80
gonioptera Hmps. Lorn-. 290
Gonobombyx Aur 255
Gonometa Wkr. 256
Gonometa 10, 13, 205, 227, 272
Gonometinae 253
Gonopaclia Aur. 256
gonophora Holl. Das. 172

Plat.

• 72 g

. 8 f

. 69 g

. 80 c

• 12 g
. 73 a
. 35 e
. 22 d

. 28 d
. 57 b
. 24 d

. 15 e

. 24 c
. 23 h

7 b

. 34 f

• 66 g

. 77 e

. 75 d
. 71 e

. 69 f

• 73 g

• 21 g

. 23 h

3 a
. 24 i

. 59 b

. 10 d
. 10 e

73

578

INDEX.

Plat,

gonophora Das. 180
gonophora Holl. llema 83
Gonoreta Warr. 290
goochii Btlr. Dian. 24

goodi Holl. Lob. 328 . 54 a.

goodi Holl. Poly. 365

goodi Holl. Synt. 46 ..... 4 d

Goodia Holl. 343

goodii Holl. Das. 171 . 23 i

Goodiicae 343

gordius Stoll. Ther. 382

gorgon Sphing. 356

Gorgopis Hbn. 557

gortys Hbn. Ther. 382

graberi Dew. Tar. 239 . . . . 32 e

gracilipennis Wllgr. Lith. 82 . . 10 i

gracilipes Wllgr. Sphing. 377

gracilis Btlr. Hipp. 381
gracilis Btlr. Maen. 99

gracilis Btlr. Mir. 469 . 75 d

gracilis Hmps. Con. 525 . . . . 77 d

gracilis Hpffr. Eup. 146 . . . . 22 d

gracilis Saalm. Nyct. 115 . . . 18 g

gracilis Wkr. Ja. 304 . 43 d

gracillima Holl. Stilp. 131
Graellsia Act. 313

graminosa Wkr. Siz. 416 . . . 69 h

Grammarctia Aur. 107
grammiphlebia Hmps. Ams. 102 14 h

grammiphlebia Ams. 98
Granimoa Aur. 133
Grammod.es 11

grammodes Her. Das. 177 . . . 27 f
Grainmodora Aur. 259
grandidieri Btlr. Das. 173
grandidieri Btlr. Temn. 374 . . 65 d
grandidieri le Cerf Tip. 519 . . 77 a
grandidieri Mab. Pseud. 363 . . 62 c
grandiplaga Gd. Xyl. 547 . . . 79 h

grandiplaga Holl. Phas. 307
grandis Btlr. Num. 192
grandis Holl. Melis. 28
grandis Mab. Chion. 73 ... . 9 c

Graphidura Strd. 405
graphiptera Saalm. Rapli. 211
gravidipes Karsch Hil. 451 . . 73 b

grayi Wkr. Poly. 365 . 63 a

greeni Janse Das. 182 . . . . 24 i

gregorii Btlr. Phas. 308 . . . . 47 b

grentzenbergi Celer. 353

greyi Holl. Gastr. 274

grimmia Gey. Veg. 343 .... 58

grisea Aur. Chion. 214

grisea Aur. Phil. 229

grisea Gd. Dasya. 164 . . . 21 e, 28 g

grisea Gd. Hopl. 421 70 e

grisea Gd. Ocin. 284 . 41 c

grisea Gd. Zana 435 71 k

grisea Holl. Turn. 427 . . . . 71 a

grisea Pag. Das. 185
griseata Hmps. Est. 100 . . . . 13 i
griseata Hmps. Heyl. 486
griseata Janse Arb. 510
griseata R. & J ■ Temn. 373 . . 65 c

griseata W. &’ R. Anad. 260
griseinubes Hmps. Das. 186
griseipennis Brtl. Est. 100 . . . 14 b
griseipennis Hmps. Sten. 103 . . 15 b
griseitincta Hmps. Scalm. 404
griseocincta Hmps. Gon. 258 . 37 a

griseola Aur. Lech. 218
griseola Hbn. Lith. 82
griseola Rothsch. Hern. 302
griseomaculata Gd. Scalm. 404 . 68 g
griseostriata Kenr. Eup. 149
griseo'viridis Hmps Desm. 411
grisescens Aur. Pseud. 264
grisescens Gd. Gorg. 558 . . . 80 h

grisescens Saalm. Coel. 358
grossa Dasych. 13

gschwandneri Rbl. Mud. 326 . . 51 c
gueinzii Ksch. Nud. 325 . . . . 52 b
gueneana Mab. Las. 276

guillemei Oberth. Bal. 55
guineabia Strd. Con. 526. . .
guineacola Strd. Lith. 82
guineae Strd. Per. 106 . . .

guineanum Strd. Tar. 239 . .
guineensis F. Euchr. 57 . . .
guineensis Strd. Clan. 484
guineensis Strd. Hoi. 340
Gurelca 357

gussfeldti Dew. Aca. 370. . .
guttata Aur. Orth. 506 . . .
guttata Aur. Pach. 271 .. .
guttifera Hmps. Ter. 512
guttistigma Hmps. Strigl. 495
guttivaga Wkr. Sol. 90 . . .
guttulata Aur. Ox. 495 . . .
guttulosa Jord. Am. 28 . . .
gwelila Swh. Das. 172
gyldenstolpei Aur. Lech. 220 .
gyldenstolpei Aur. Phrag. 548
Gymnelema Heyl. 549
Gynauisa Ww. 333
Gynanisa 13, 314, 315
gynephaea Hmps. Est. 101
gypsia Hmps. Sicc. 68

Plat.

77 d

15 g
33 b
5 h

64 c
78 f
38 a

17 d
76 i
2 a

29 f
80 d

14 d

IS.

haasi Saalm. Rig. 434

habenichti Wichgr. Cten. 452 . . 73 e

habenichti Wichgr. Mel. 330

Hadraphe Karsch. 460

haemalea Holl. Bd. 55 .... 7 b

haematica Hmps. Lae. 161

haematica Holl. Met. 53 ... . 6 g

haematidea Sn. Lei. 249 . . . . 34 d
haematoessa Hmps. Mb’. 469
haematoessa Hmps. Mir. 452
haematoessa Holl. Met. 54 . . . 6 h

haematoessa Oberth. Met. 52
haematoessula Strd. Mir. 469
haematopis Fawc. Mel. 529 . . 77 f

haematosphages Holl. Met. 53 . 6 g

haematosticta B.-Bak. Mir. 469
haematricha Hmps. Met. 53 . . 6 h

haemodetes Hmps. Eup. 143 . . 22 a
Haemorrhagia 356, 515
hamata Dew. Lyc. 369 . . . . 64 b

hamatipex Hmps. Rhod. 493 . . 76 g
hampsoni Btlr. Crypt. 533 . . . 77 h
hampsoni Crypt. 515, 516
hampsoni Her. Das. 182
hampsoni Ky. Cel. 64
hampsoni Rothsch. Ams. 103 . . 15 a

hampsoni Sz. Euchr. 57 .... 5 h

hampsoni Strd. Dol. 555
harringtoni Btlr. Tag. 335
hanningtoni Seitz Synt. 44
hansali Fldr. Lud. 341 .... 59 a

Haplomiresa Aur. 470
Haplopacha Aur. 208
Haplozana Aur. 437
hardenbergia Janse Portli. 140

hastifera Her. Das. 176 . . . . 27 d

hangi le Cerf. Tip. 519 . 77 a

hangi Macrotars. 515
Hazis 14

hearseyi Brahm. 349

hebe M.&W. Imbrasia 331
hecabe Cyclosia 19
hecate Fawc. Peric. 106
Hecatesia 17

heckmanniae Aur. Len. 531 . . 77 h

hecltmannia Mel. 515

hedychroa B.-Bak. Mar. 460

hedysari Zyg. 20

Hegetor Karsch 472

helcitoides Dew. Phaeg. 89

Heliconisa 313

Heliophisma 10

heliostoma Meyr. Cham. 524

Plat.

Heliothis 11

helix Apterona 482, 486
hemichlora Griinb. Coen. 461 . .74 b

hemichrysa Hmps. Netr. 27 . . 1 g

Hemijana Aur. 302
hemileuca Marbla 482
hemileuca Rbl. Mar. 157 . . . . 21 d
hemiphaea Hmps. Phry. 87
hemiphoenica Hmps. Synt. 47 . 4 c

hemippa Swh. Lae. 159 . . . . 23 b
Hemitheinae 16

hemixantha Aur. Nyct. 117 . . 19 a

Heniocha Hbn. 337
Henioche 313

henleyi Warr. & Rothsch. Coss. 541

Menometa Aur. 269

Henucha 13

Hepialidae 553

Hepialiscus Hmps. 554

Hepialodes 489

Hepialus F. 554

heptapora Fawc. Good. 343

heptasticta Mab. Lym. 196

hera Drc. Das. 170

herbida Wkr. Das. 179

herculeus Karsch. Heg. 472 . . . 75 h

heres Schs. Lech. 220 . 30 a

herilla Ww. Cyrt. 338 . 58 c

Herimba 489

heringi Gd. Epic. 291 ..... 41 f

heringi Janse Arb. 510

herona Drc. Bal. 54 . 7 b

heroum Oberth. Irnbras. 332
Herse Oken 358
Herse 13, 353

hersilia Drc. Car. 112 . . . . . 18 a
hersilia War. Nud. 322 . . . „ 50 a
hersilioides Fleurg Nud. 322
hesperia Cr. Othr. 138 . . . . 19 d

liesperistis Hmps. Apopr. 17 . . la
hesperistis Apopr. 387
Hestia 9

hesperus R. & J. Poly. 367
heterocera Wkr. Soz. 84
heterogenea Brtl. Est. 101 . . . 14 e
Heterogeneidae 447
heterogyna Hmps. Epic. 291
heterogyna Hmps. Hem. 92 . . 12 a

heterogyna Hmps. Lepid. 518
heterogyna Hmps. Lith. 78 . . 9 1
heterogyna Hmps. Per. 406 . . 68 i
Heterogynidae 39
Heteronygma Holl. 189
Meteropiema Warr. 393
heterosticta Hmps. Loc. 142
heuglini Fldr. Cer. 370 .... 64 c

Hexaneura Wllgr. 132
heydeni Saalm. Maass. 371 . , 64 d

heydeni Maass. 357
heyeri Weyni. Lob. 329
Hcylertsia Hmps. 486
heylaertsi Jun. Mon. 487
Hibrildes Drc. 124

hierax Dist. Parar. 409 . . . . 69 c
hierax Jord. Good. 343
hieroglyphica Strd. Macr. 458
hieroglyphica B.-Bak. As. 7.
hieroglyphica v. d. E. Macr. 459
hieroglyphica Sivh. Das. 169
hilariformis Wkr. Cham. 523
hilaris Fldr. Phas. 309
liilaris Rbl. Sem. 22

hilda Drc. Cten. 453 . 73 e

hilda Ctenoc. 184

hilda Ehrm. Cer. 42 . 3 b

hilgerti Rothsch. Beral. 223
Hilipoda Karsch. 451
hilvides Holl. Das. 184
himalayana Mr. Das. 484
Himantopterinae 22
Himantopterus Wesm. 22
hinnula Holl. Desm. 412
| Hipocrita 113

INDEX.

579

Plat.

hippocastanaria Gd. Desm. 411 . 69 e
hippocrepidis Zyg. 20
hippophaes Celer. 355

hippotes Cr. Thyr. 50 . 5 d

Hippotion Hbn. 380

Hippotion 13, 353, 357

hirundo Gerts. Leuc . 379 . . . . 66 e

hoesemanni Brk . Lom. 190 . . 26 e

Holcoceroides 540

Holcoceroides Strd. 543

Holcocerus 501

holdingii Fldr. Eupr. 147

hollandi B.-Bak. Phyc. 426

hollandi Btlr. Good. 343

hollandi Clk. Lib. 363 ..... 62 b

hollandi Clk. Lib. 369

hollandi Clk. Lyc. 369 . . . . 64 b

hollandi Clk. Temn. 375

hollandi B. & J . Poly. 368 . . 63 g

Holocera Fldr. 340

holoclera Ksch. Ksch. 112 . . . 18 b
hologramma Aur. Phia. 300 . . 44 d
hololeuca limps. Pter. 134 . . . 20 c

hololeuca Hmps. Dal. 556 . . . 80. g
holophaea Hmps. Dal. 557 . . . 80 g
holotherma Hmps. Staph. 24
holoxantha Hmps. Phry. 87
holoxantha Hmps. Pseud. 75
holoxantha Hmps. Spi!. 97 . . 13 a

holoxantha Zy. Thyr. 49 ... 4 li

holoxanthina Mab. Epiz. 29 . . 2 b

hombergi le Cerf Rod. 525 . . . 77 c
homeyeri Rothsch. Ter. Ill . . 16 h

Homochira Hmps. 150

homochroa Hall. Pomp. 26

Homochroa Holl. Sal. 32

Homoeomeria Wllgr. 132

Homoeomeria 130

Homogyna le Cerf 534

Homophylotis Trnr. 34

Homophylotis 21

homopunctata Strd. Ap. 51

homoterma Meyr. Dal. 555

honesta Strd. Scalm. 405 . . . 68 h

honrathi Dew. Pach. 245 . . . 34 a

Hoplistopus R. & J. 361

Hoplitis Hbn. 421

Hoplitis 402

Hoplojana Aur. 304

hornimani Drc. Rhad. 362 . . . 62 a

horrida Swh. Das. 173 . . . . 24 a

horridula Tams Pach. 271

horsini Bouv. Nud. 321

horus Rob. Hipp. 381

hosemanni Strd. Salm. 405 . . 68 g

hottentota H.-Schdff. Neur. 30 . 2 c

houlberti le Cerf Mel. 531

hova Btlr. Och. 265 . 37 e

hova Gn. Chion. 72

hova le Cerf Az. 545 ..... 79 d

hova Strd. Stict. 48

howa Strd. Nyct. 115 . ... 18 g

hubneri Thyrid. 482

humerata Hmps. Dysod. 491

humilis Btlr. Hipp. 381

humilis Kenr. Lith. 83 .... 11 b

humilis Mab. Par. 463

humfreyi Aur. Lei. 248

humphreyi Rothsch. Bal. 55 . . 7 d

liumuli L. Hep. 554

hyalina Hmps. Orn. 30

hyalina Janse Lepid. 124 . . 19 b

hyalinipennis Strd. Zeuz. 544 . 79 c

hyalinula Her. Lae. 163 . „ . . 28 e

Hyaloperina Aur. 139

Hyaloperina 123, 131

hyalotypa B.-Bak. Dys. 491

hylas L. Ceph. 371

hylas Cephon. 356

Hylemera Btlr. 117

hyloica Holl. Das. 185

Hyloicus 354

hylomima Holl. Abyn. 188

Plat.

hymenaea Gerst. Sec. 114
Hymenosphecia le Cerf 527
Hypaedalia Btlr. 378
Hypanthedon Hmps. 522
Hypargoptera Hmps. 78
hyperbius Ww. Gin. 330 . . . . 55 b
Hyper chiria 314
hyperdiffusa B.-Bak. Macr. 458
Hyperthyris 490
Hyphantria Harr. 103
Hyphantria 94
Hyphorma Wkr. 461
Hyphormoides Strd. 469
hypochroma le Cerf Cham. 523
j hypocrita Her. Das. 176 . . . . 27 a
Hypogymna 198
Hypoiamprus Hmps. 495
hypoleucis Hmps. Lae. 159
Hypolimnas 9
Hypoprepia 65, 74
Hypopta 481
Hypoptidae 39

hyporhoda Hmps. Asu. 71 . . . 8 m

Hypotrabala Holl. 259

Hypotrabala 256, 271

hypoxantha Holl. Num. 155

hypoxantha Wllgr. Chr. 153

hypparchus Cr. Pomp. 26 . . , If

Hypsiforma 91

Hypsiforma Cd. 89

Hypsinae 88

Hypsoides Btlr. 397

hyrtaca Cr. Metan. 233

Hysibada Wkr. 133

a.

ianthina Janse Num. 155
iapygoides Holl. Temn. 376
ichorina Btlr. Xanth. 71 . .
Ichthyura Hbn. 406.
idae Fldr. Arg. 318
idakum B.-Bak. Gastr. 275
idalialis Wkr. Rhod. 491 . .
idda Plots Myops. 43 . . .

idioptila B.-Bak. Scr. 424
Idopterum 69
idriaeus Bsd. Bas. 380
idricus Wkr. Bas. 380
idrieus Bsd. Bas. 380
igneotincta Aur. Cra. 222
ignepicta Hmps. Sten. 164
ignicincta Joan. Sd- 32
ignidiscata Hmps. Mel. 529
ignita Dysod. 489
ignivittata Hmps. Horn. 535
ignobilis Entom. 482
ignobilis Holl. Turn. 428
ignorata Her. Phleb. 450
ila Swh. Das. 174
ilema Hmps. 78
ilemimorpha Strd. Phry. 87
Ilemodes Hmps. 92
ilex Wllgr. Dal. 556 ....
illineata Warr. Epip. 392
illiturata Warr. Aero. 389 .
illustris Jord. Neph. 373
illustris R. & J. Typh. 369
illustris Weym. Lob. 328
Imaus Mr. 196
Imbrasia Him. 331
imitans Aur. Ola. 137
imitans Aur. Pach. 242 . .

imitans Btlr. Zel. 419 , . .
imitans Btlr. Zelom. 408
imitans Mai. Lith. 82
imitata Drc. Phal. 417 . .

imitata Phalera 401
imitata Janse Gym. 549
immaculata Gmel. Ther. 382
immaculata Gd. Anc. 289 .

. 66 a
. 8 m

. 76 e
. 3 d

. 30 c

. 77 f.

. 73 a

. 11 i
. 80 e
. 67 f

. 33 d
. 70 c

. 69 i
. 80 c
. 41 e

Plat.

8 h
72 d
39 a

17 d

71 d

36

1

75

22

immaculata Wichgr. Seir. 105
imminuta Saalm. Phil. 66 . .
immodica Strd. Trich. 439 . .
immunda Holl. Mall. 273 . .

immunda J. & T 487
impar Aur. Carn. 345
imparepunctata Ob. Par. 90 .
imparilis Aur. Ohrys. 210
impar ills Chrys. 217
impedita Wkr. Sten. 430 . .

impeditus Wkr. Goss. 542
imperialis Aur. Gon. 258
imperialis Btlr. Arn. 27 . .
impletalis Wkr. Rhod. 492
improba Her. Niph. 468
imp un eta Btlr. Eup. 147
impunctata Gd. Desm. 415
impura Her. Lae. 159 . . .
inaffinis Her. Pol. 189 . .

incana Dist. Phia. 300
incana Janse Desm. 411
incana Saalm. Roes. 63 . .
incana South. Orth. 344 . .
incanata Strd. Mim. 277
incanescens Btlr. Gym. 550
incensa Wkr. Met. 54 . . .
incerta Her. Lae. 162. . .

incerta Rgh. Ar. 153
incerta Wkr. Phyll. 297
incincta Hmps. Parap. 471.
incisa Strd. Pomp. 26
incisus Rothsch. Desm. 414

inclusa Wkr. At,. 545 . 79 f, g

inclusa Wkr. Prob. 454

incommoda Btlr. Eup. 143

incomp arabilis Mab. Amphic. Ill, 113

21 f
28 f

8 c
59 f

6 i
28 b

75 f

incompleta Gd. Anth. 433
incompta Wkr. Bomb. 233
inconsequens Btlr. Scot. 450
inconspicua B.-Bak. Das. 179
inconspicua Gd. Alex. 418 . .
inconspicua Gd. Met. 508 . .

inconspicua Hmps. Acl. 191 .
inconspicua Holl. Met. 53 . .
inconspicua Rothsch. Spil. 96
inconspicualis Kenr. Lith. 81
inconspicuana Strd. Desm. 416
inconspicuus Strd. Poly. 368
inconstans Btlr. Thum. 71
incredibilis Her. Trach. 466
incurva Aur. Phiala 298
indecisa Aur. Hopl. 304 . .
indecisa Wkr. As. 71
indecora Wkr. Bomb. 232 .
indentata Holl. Mar. 157
indeterminata Wkr. Spil. 96
indistincta Gd. Pyd. 437
inelegans Warr. Epip. 392 .
inexpectata Rothsch. Phal. 417
infantula Saalm. Thum. 71
infausta Her. Pseud. 124 . .

infernalis Ky. Neph. 372
infernelutea Saalm. Deil. 371
infima Holl. Das. 179
infirma Swh. Das. 179
infracta B.-Bak. Lae. 160 . .
infract a Wkr. An. 397 . . .

infranigra Strd. Cer. 42 . . .
infumata Hmps. Dipl. 75
infuscata Grunb. Phia. 300
infuscata Hmps. Roes. 63 . .
infuscata Klg. Som. 445
infuscata Wichgr. Par. 463
ingens Karsch. Amy. 420
innocens Her. Gror. 136 . . .
innominata dal. T. Phrag. 548
innotata R.&J. Neph. 372 .
inops Gd. Sym. 498 ....

Inous Wkr. 461
inornata Kenr. Lith. 79 . . .
inornata Rothsch. Temn. 373
inornata South. Lob. 329
inquilinus Harr. Hipp. 381

71 i

70 a
78 g
26 d
6 e
12 h
10 h
69 i
64 a
8 m
75 b

44 a

31 d
22 h

72 c
67 g

19 b

23

68

3

44

8

28 b

65

75

9 1
65 d

580

INDEX.

inquinata Led. Oec. 484
insignata Gd. Anth. 433 . . . .

insignifica Gd. Ter. 511 . . . .

insignifica Bothsch. Hopl. 304
insignis Aur. Camer. 306
insignis Aur. Eupr. 140
insignis Btlr. Ancli. 263 . . „ .

insignis Btlr. Hyp. 378 . . . .

insignis Btlr. Lith. 81 . . . .

insignis le Cerf Eos. 342 . . .

insolita Aur. Das. 178
insolita Gd. Dicr. 394 . ... .
inspersa Hmps. Chrys. 478
instabilata Wkr. Epip. 391 . . .
insticta Warr. Aero. 389
instructa Wkr. Tasc. 33 ... .
insularis Bsd. Ag. 89, 145
insularis Bsd. Nyct. 116

intacta Btlr. Par. 453 .

intacta Hmps. Maen. 99 . . .

intensa B. & J . Ther. 382
intensa Bothsch. Spil. 16
intensior Bothsch. Mir. 469
intensiva Gd. Trich. 438 . . .

intercisa Eucorma 19
interjecta Aur. Ber. 225 . . .

interjecta Strd. Para. 76 . . .

intermedia Aur. Ber. 225
intermedia Aur. Stra. 134
intermedia Lord. Lud. 342
intermedia Bothsch. Bal. 55 . .
intermedia Wkr. Dys. 490 . . .
intermiscens Wkr. Nud. 325
intermissa Tier. Lae. 159 . . .

intermissa Wkr. Lat. 465 . . .
intermixta Wkr. Lith. 83
internella Wkr. Cel. 64
internigralis Hmps. Est. 101 . .
interniplaga Mab. Synt. 45 . .

interpellatrix Wllgr. Pesm. 410
interrupta Griinb. Euchr. 57 . .
interrputa Strd. Phaeg. 89 . .

interstans Wkr. Euchr. 57
interstiteola Hmps. Pliry. 87
intervallata Warr. Gorg. 558

invaria Wkr. Met. 54 .

invenusta Wkr. Cir. 332
inversa Gd. Sal. 505. . . . . .
inversus Gd. Phas. 308 . . . .

investigatorum Ksch. Spil. 96 .

invitabilis Wallgr. Parap. 471
iracunda Her. Macr. 458 . . .

iridea Mab. Glauc. 536
iridescens Hmps. Gryp. 517
iridescens Janse Eup. 145 . . .
iridescens Janse Met. 510
Lridisquama Mab. Mel. 531
iris le Cerf Con. 526 ...

irius F. Lobob. 329
irregularis Gd. Ter. 110 . . . .
irregularis Wkr. Hipp. 382 . .

irrorata Hmps. Past. 76
irrorata Hmps. Pbrag. 548
irrorata le Cerf Sol. 504
irvingi Janse Ter. 512
isabellina Aur. Cbrys. 477 . . .
isis B.-Bak. Eup. 148
isis B. & J . Hipp. 381
■isis Wkr. Gyn. 333
isolatella Org. 128
isorrboa Meyr. Dal. 556
Isorropus Btlr. 76
itokina Aur. Nyct. 117 . . . .
ituria B.-Bak. Lei. 249

Plat.

71 h
78 i

38 a

66 d

10 g

59 c

67 g
67 h

2 i

73 c
13 h

72 d

30 e
9 i

7 c
76 e

21 f
74 g

14 d
3 h

5 li
17 b

11 g
80 h

6 h

78 e

47 b

12 g

75 f
73 i

22

c

77 d

16 h
67 b

76 b

19 a

J.

jacchus Mschlr. Phil. 227 . . . 30 f
jaclcsoni B.-Bak. Euchr. 57
jacksoni B.-Bak. Lech. 219
jacksoni Btlr. Dian. 24 ... . Id

Plat.

jacksoni Jord. Nud. ..... 49 c
jacksoni Bothsch. Seir. 105 . . 15 h

jacksoni Bothsch. Spil. 98 . . 13 c

jacksoni Bothsch. Spil. 95
jacksoni Bothsch. Synt. 46 ..4c

jacksoni Shp. Sab. 302 . . . . 43 b
jacobaeae Hipocr. 113
jacobsi Hmps. Lith. 79
jama Bbl. Gyn. 333
jamesoni B.-Bak. Cat. 234
jamesoni Drc. Lob. 328 . . . . 54 b
jamiesoni B.-Bak. Pacb. 244
Jana Wkr. 303

J janenschi Gd. Can. 495 . . . . 76 b

janenschi Gd. Synt. 46
janenschi Her. Lae. 161 . . . . 27 g
Janinae 302
Janomima Aur. 294
jansei Aur. Anad. 260 . . . . 40 d

jansei Gd. Marsh. 506 . 78 f

jansei Jord. Xen. 370
Janseola Hopp 39

janthe Drc. Ocin. 284 . 41 b

janthina Aur. Desm. 412

janula Fldr. Licb. 296

japonica Brahm. 349

jasmini Bsd. Pan. 359 . . . . 61 b

jaundeana Strd. Pliry. 87 . . . 11 h

javanica Mr. Noras. 283
jeanneli le Cerf Leb. 502
jebbae Shp. Nud. 322
jefferyi Tams Chrys. 277
jejuna Saalm. Lib. 266 . . . . 37 e

jejunalis Gd. Rhod- 492 . . . . 76 f

jeskei Griinb. Maen. 102
joannis Oberth. Psy. 486 . . . . 72 i

joannisi le Cerf Lym. 195 . . . 25 f

joannisii Mab. Psy. 486 . . . . 72 i

jodamia H.-Schdff. Ag. 89
jugurtba Bsd. Ther. 382 . . . 67 c

johanna Btlr. Synt. 45 ... . 3 i

johannes Dist. Par. 462 . . . . 74 d

johnstoni Swh. Lorn. 189
joiceyi Tams Pach. 271

jonesi Shp. Othr. 138 . 19 e

jordana Stgr. Erem. 544
jordani Her. Lept. 150 .... 22 f

jordani Her. Pirg. 125 . . . . 19 b

jordani Joic. Netr. 27 .... 1 g

jordani J . & T. Pern. 360 . . . 61 d

julia Drc. Nat. 470
juncta Strd. Tag. 335 ..... 57 a
junctimacula Hmps. 487 . . . 72 i

juniperae Men. Olig. 361

juniperi Bsd. Oli. 361 . 61 f

junodi Heyl. Ac. 484
junodi Oberth. Cyrt. 339
junodi Ob. Nud. 323

junodis Cont. & V. Clan. 484
juvenis Holl. Com. 67 .... 8 h

Hi.

kahli Holl. Leuc. 139

kabli Holl. Orth. 344

kamerunica Her. Eup. 148 . . 27 f

kamilila B.-Bak. Sal. 32

karemii Bouv. Pseud. 337

karschi Brtl. Est. 100 . . . . . 14 a

karschi Dyar Par. 463 . 74 d

karschi B.&J. Lib. 362 . . .62 a

karschi Strd. Rig. 434

karschi Weym. Jan. 294 . . „ 4 2 d

Karschiola Gd. 112

kasaiensis Bouv. Nud. 323

kaschmirensis Epizyg. 29

kefersteini Btlr. Trit. 50 ... 5 b

kelleni Sn. Met. 52

keniae Holl. Hep. 554 . . , . 80 b

kenredi Bothsch. Synt. 46 . . . 4 a

kenricki Swh. Eup. 144

Plat.

kerri Holl. Ap. 51 . 6 a

kilimandjarae le Cerf Azyg. 545
kilimanjarensis Holl. Oreoc. 547 79 h
kilimanjaronis Strd. Lith. 80

kilwana Strd. Odo. 253 . . . . 40 a
kilwicola Strd. C’ra. 223 . . . . 40 a
kindunus Strd. Poly. 368
kingdom Btlr. Lith. 79 .... 10 c
kitchingi B.-Bak. Lae. 162
kivui Clk. Poly. 368
knoblauchi Dew. Mim. 252 . . 35 a

koellikeri Dew. Cer. 250 . . . . 34 d
koenigi Strd. Tar. 277

kolga Drc. Nor. 283 . 41 a

kordofensis Bbl. Ac. 485 . . . 72 h

kostlani Gd. Per. 106

kostlani Strd. Amph. 113 . . . 18 c

kuhlweini Lef. Synt. 45 ... . 3 k

kumasina Strd. Met. 53

kuntzei Dew. Good. 343 . . . 59 d

kwouus Karsch. Coss. 541 . . . 79 b

I>.

laba Schs.& Cl. Stilp. 130

labda Drc. Phas. 308

Labea Wllgr. 223

laboissierei le Cerf Mel. 529

lacides Drc. Niph. 468

lacipa Her. Porth. 151 . . . . 28 c

Lacipa Wkr. 141

Lacipa 130

lacordairei Bsd. Euchl. 380
lacteata Holl. Lym. 70 .... 8 k

lactea Btlr. Ut. 93 ...... 12 b

lactea Gd. Scr. 424 . 70 h

lactea Pag. Niph. 467 . . . . 75 c

lactea Warr. Dir. 393

lactescens Gd. Zeuz. 548 . . . 80 h

lacticinia Nyct. 113

lactiflora Wichgr. Cam. 306

ladburi Swh. Das. 180

ladbury B.-Bak. Chrys. 210

ladburyi B.-Bak. Das. 180

Laelapia Btlr. 190

Laelaroa Her. 163

Laelia 130

Laelia 402

Laelia Steph. 15S

laetiodes Hmps. Care. 94

Laeliolina Her. 154

Laelioproctes Her. 143

Laeliopsis Aur. 215

laeliopsis Her. Das. 175 . . . . 27 e

laestrygon Mab. Lobob. 327

laeta Jord. Mus. 17

laete virens Ob. Chrys. 388

laglaizei Bothsch. Est. 100 . . . 14 a

lagosensis Hmps. Synt. 46 ..4b

laguna Hmps. Met. 507

lamani Aur. Chrys. 209 . . . . 29 a

lamani Aur. Par. 294 . 42 b

lambertoni Bouv. Pseud. 334
lambertoni Clk. Hipp. 381

lambertoni Ob. Gd. 89 . 17 c

lambertoni Oberth. Hyps. 398 . 68 b

lambertoni Oberth. Hyps. 91
lambornella Durr. Trich. 536
lamborni Aur. Pach. 270 . . . 38 c

lamborni B.-Bak. Andr. 471
lamborni Bothsch. Ap. 51 . . . 6 b

lambouini B.-Bak. Trab. 221
laminifer Saalm. Anc. 17 . . . la

laminifer Ancar. 448
Lamorina Gd. 426
Lamoriodes Hmps. 426

lampra Her. Das. 166 . 21 g

Lamprockrysa Hmps. 26
lamprocraspis Hmps. Lith. 82 .11a
Lamprosia Hmps. 76

INDEX.

581

lanaria Hall. Terph. 197 . „

lanceolata Her. Par. 463 . .

langi Holl. Calloc. 544
lanicremis Wallgr. Mel. 529
lannini Jord. Neph. 372
lanosa Holl. Epij. 306
lanuginosa Rothsch. Turn. 427
Laora 52
Laora 53

lapidatus J. & K. Poly. 366

lasea Drc. Som. 157 .

Lasiocampa 206, 227, 438
Lasiocampidae 205
Lasiocampinae 214
lasti Rothsch. As. 93 . . . .

lasti Rothsch. Cre. 104 . . .

lasti Rothsch. Temn. 377. . .

lata Holl. Im. 197 .

lateralis Bsd. Synt. 44 . . .

lateralis Jord. Neur. 30
lateritia Karsch Micr. 452 . .
lateritia H.-Schaff. Met. 52
lateritia Karsch Micr. 469
laticilia Pterothys. 123
laticornis Btlr. JBas. 380 . . .
latifascia Her. Eupr. 141 . .

latifasciata Gd. Desm. 413 . .
latifasciata Gd. Met. 508 . .

latifasciata Gd. Rhen. 416 . .
latifasciata Hmps. Ac. 101
latifasciata Metarb. 501
latifasciata South. Nud- 326
latifulva Hmps. Sera. 22
latifusca Hmps. Agl. 75 . . .
latimargo B.-Bak. Staph. 24
latimargo le Cerf Aen. 525
latimargo R.&J. Temn. 376
latipennis Btlr. Leuc. 417 . .
latipes Wkr. Bybl. 28 ... .
latiradiata Hmps. Spil. 98 . .
latistriga Wkr. Par. 462 . . .
latizonalis Hmps. ’Ll hod. 493
Latoia 472
Latoia Guer. 464
laucheana Drc. Pol. 359
laurae Strd. Lob. 327
laureola Drc. Bal. 55
lautus Jord. Poly. 368
lautuscula Ksch. Arn. 27 . .

lavia Swh. Lae. 159 . . . .

lavinia Fawc. Phal. 417 . . .
laymerisa Grd. Ax. 93 . . .

Lebedodes Holl. 502
Lechriolepis 205, 214
Lechriolepis Wkr. 217
leia Hmps. Lith. 83 . . . .

leighi Aar. Mall. 273 . . . .
leighi J. & T. Neph. 373 . . .
leighi Jord. Temn. 374
leighi Rothsch. Spil. 98 . . .

leimaces Holl. Synt. 47 . . .
Leipoxais Holl. 247
Leipoxais 215
Lembopteris Btlr. 468
lemniscata Dist. Est. 100 . .

Lemoniidae 15
lemuria Her. Das. 175 . .

lemuria Her. Porth. 140
lenistrialis Hmps. Math. 497 .
Lenodora 253, 259
lentifasciata Hmps. Spil. 98 .
lentisignata Hmps. Pyg. 407
lentistriata Hmps. Mel. 530
Lenyra Wkr. 431
leonensis Hmps. Ar. 154
leonensis Hmps. Cer. 409 . .
leonina Btlr. Clost. 222
leonina Wkr. Arg. 112. . . .
leonis Btlr. Euchr. 57
leopardina Dist. Az. 545 . .

leopardina Rothsch. Micr. 48 .
Lepidarbela Dali. 501
Lepidarbola Dali. 503

Piat.

. 26 e
. 74 e

. 71 a

22 i

. 12 b
. 15 b
. 66 b
. 26 a
. 5 d

. 73 f
5 e

. 66 g

. 20 i
. 69 f
. 78 g
. 69 i
. 14 e

■ 9g

. 1 d

. 70 a
. 2 b

. 13 e

. 74 d

. 1 h

. 23 b
. 70 a
. 12 b

. 11 c
. 39 b

. 13 d
. 4 d

. 14 b

21 c, 27a
21 c, 27 a
. 75 i

. 13 c

. 69 b

. 18 b

. 79 cl
. 4 g

Plat.

Lepidarbelidae 501
Lepidilema Hmps. 85
lepidographa Hmps. Eup. 149
Lepidolacipa Her. 141
Lepidopalpus Janse 124
Lepidopalpus 141
Lepidopoda Hmps. 518
Lepidorytis Aur. 453
Lepista 82
Lepista Wllgr. 84
leplaei Mayne An. 397
leporina Ob. Pseud. 334
leprosa Fldr. Gav. 472
Leptaroa 140
Leptaroa Hmps. 150
leptis Jord. Horn. 34
leptis R.&J. Temn. 376 . . .

Leptoclanis R. & J. 364
T^eptogyrinae 482
Leptolepida B.-Bak. 425
Leptometa Aur. 272
Leptonadata Aur. 427
leptopepla Hmps. Cym. 151
Lerodes Saalm. 264
Lethe 20

lethe F. Euchr. 57 .

Leto Hbn. 555
leuca Hmps. Garg. 422
leucalea Hmps. Nola 62 ... .
Leucania 422

leucanioides Holl. Cre. 104 . .

leucerythra Holl. Synt. 45 . .

leucocera Hmps. Cliam. 523
leucocyma Hmps. Dal. 556
leucocyma Hmps. Pseud. 264
leucogyna Hmps. Heter. 189
Leucodonta 402

leucogaster Hmps. Con. 526 . .
leucogaster R. & J. Leph. 371
leucogastra Holl. Ap. 51 . . .

leucogramma Hmps. Das. 186 .
leucogramma Her. Das. 176 . .
leucographa Tuerta 17
leucoides Strd. Ocin. 285 . . .

leucolaena Holl. Anom. 25 . .

leucolepis Mab. Lae. 162
Leucoma Steph. 132
leucomelas H.-Schaff. Phaeg. 89
leucomera Hmps. Gav. 472 . .

leuconephra Amph. 417
leuconephra Hmps. Amph. 418
leuconoe Hpffr. Nyct. 115 . . .
leuconotus Xyl. 539
leucopasta Hmps. Gym. 550 . .
leucopera Hmps. Scr. 424 . . .
Leucoperina Aur. 139
leucopetala Meyr. Gorg. 558
leucophaea Gd. Desm. 415 . . .
leucophaea Holl. Mall. 273 . .

leucophaea Janse Dal. 556
leucophaea R.&J. Praed. 362 .
Leucopkalera Janse 417
Leucophlebia 358
Leucophlebia Ww. 364
leucopleura Hmps. Cham. 524
leucoptera Autom. 54
leucoptera Hmps. I (hod. 109
Leucopteryx 336
Leucopteryx Pack. 338
leucosticta Hmps. Desm. 411
leucosticta Hmps. Dudg. 544
leucosticta Hmps. Mon. 461
leucostigma Hmps. Lech. 219
leucostigma Hmps. Met. 510
leucostigmata Her. Das. 176
Leucostrophus R.&J. 379
leucozonipus Hmps. Crin. 518
leugalea Holl. Cer. 42
levenna Wllgr. Ber. 225 . . 30
levis Fldr. Anom. 25 ....
lewini Clania 483
Lexis Wllgr. 70
libania Stoll Gorg. 557 . . .

66 b

5 h

8 b

15 c
39

37 d

77 d

6 a
28 b
27 f

41 c

1 e

17 c
75 f

70 b

18 f

80 d
70 h

69 h
39 b

61 f

16 e

29 f

a, 35 b

1 d

80 g

Plat.

libella Swh. Das. 171
libera Aur. Sten. 212
Libethra Saalm. 266
libratus Wkr. Dal. 555
Libyoclanis R.&J. 362
Libyoclanis 369

libyra Drc. Num. 155 . 22 g

licharbas M. & W ■ Nud. 322 . . 50 a

lichenodes Holl. Cyrt. 339

Lichenopteryx Fldr. 295

lignea Btlr. Das. 168

lignichisa Wkr. Brau. 246

lignicolor Holl. Lae. 162 . . . 23 d

lignitea Mab. Phal. 417

lignosa Wkr. Zana 434

Likoma R.&J. 369

lilacina Kenr. Desm. 410 ... 69 d

lilacina Weym. Pseud. 340

liliputana Strd. Nyct. 116

JAmacodes 470

Limacodidae 447

limbalis Strd. Nyct. 115

limbata Btlr. Lep. 85

limbatula Strd. Thum. 71

limbobrunnea Strd. Lud. 342

limbopunctata Gd. Dal. 557 . . 80 f

limonea Btlr. Eup. 144 . . . . 22 b

limpida Swh. Sap. 136

lindblomi Aur. Mar. 157 . . . 21 d

lindti Griinb. Hen. 337

linea Wkr. Est. 100 . 14 c

lineadentata B.-Bak. Pseud. 264
lineapunctata B.-Bak. Thos. 457 73 h
lineata Aur. Pach. 243 . . . . 33 d

lineata Celer. 353

lineata Hmps. Eur. 72 .... 9 a

lineata Holl. Norr. 428 ....

lineata Holl. Sam. 469 . . . . 75 e

lineata Wkr. Spil. 98 . 13 e

lineatum Btlr. Est. 100

lingens Btlr. Pan. 359 . . . . 61 b

Liparidae 127

Liparis 127, 130, 193

Liparodonta Her. 197

Litliosia F. 78

Lithosiinae 65

lithosioides Sivh. Dig. 91 ... 17 f

Lithosphingia R.&J. 361

litigiosa Her. Das. 181 . . . . 24 i

liturata Aur. Azyg. 545

liturata Guer. Cre. 133 . . . . 20 b

livida Holl. Temn. 373 . . . . 65 c

lividum Holl. Tar. 240

livingstonensis Strd. Phas. 308 . 41 f

L-nigrum B.-Bak. Coss. 541

lobata Strd. Epicn. 277

lobata Strd. Meliss. 56

Lobeza 173

Lobilema Aur. 84

lobipennis Strd. Hyp. 37S . . . 66 c

Lobobunaea Pack. 327

Jjobobunea 313, 314

locuples Btlr. Arg. 498

locuples Mab. Dudg. 544

lohor Mr. Nem. 448

loloana Strd. Chion. 73

loloana Strd. Phry. 87 .... 11 h

Lomadonta Holl. 189

Lomadontophana Bryk 290

lomia Drc. Pach. 242

Lomocyma R.&J. 360

longa Holl. Din. 426 . 71 a

longa Holl. Dinot. 408
longicaudata Holl. Imbr. 331
longicauda Holl. Macr. 428 . . 71 b

longicauda Macros. 401
longimacula Strd. Bal. 55
longipennis Mr. Norr. 428
longipes H.-Schaff. Cer. 42 . . 5 b

longipes Holl. Alon. 527 . . . 77 e

longistriata Her. Das. 177
Lophilema Aur. 84
Lophoceps Hmps. 524

582

INDEX.

Plat.

Lophopteryx Steph. 408
Lopliopteryx 401
Lophostethus Btlr. 370
Lophostethus 13, 356
lophura Aur. Parana. 56 . .

lopliuroides Oberth. Param. 56
Lophuron Bsd. 373
lorimeri Btlr. Polyrn. 189
loti Diplur. 2 263
loveni Aur. Rr. 156
loxogramma Her. Das. 176
loxotoma B.-Bak. Lat. 466 .
lubricipeda Esp. Spil. 95
lucasi Tlier. 355
lucia Oberth. Dys. 49 ... .
lucida Aur. Pyg. 407 . . . .
lucida Drc. Spil. 97 . . . .

lucida Rothsch. Nud. 324 . .

lucina Dry. Dact. 350 . . .

luciphila Strd. Lud. 341
luctifera Wkr. Anapli. 108
luctuosa Oberth. Thyr. 49 . .
Ludia Wllgr. 341
Litdia 13, 314
Ludiicae 340
Lndiinae 340
Ludiinae 316

lufirensis Joic. Sem. 22 . . .
lugardi Ky. Epipk. 318 . . .
lugardi Swh. Act. 191 . . .

lugens Oberth. Thyr. 49 . . .
lugens Roes. 63
lugubris Gd. Arn. 27 . . . .

lugubris Gd. Met. 53
lugubris Gd. Pyg- 425
lunata Holl. Good. 343 . . „
lunata Lymantria 13
lunensis Hmps. Das. 182
lunifera Hmps. Xyl. 546
lunifera Wkr. Nar. 133
lunulata R.&J. Ant. 378
lupia Drc. Rkod. 109 . . . .
lupina Rothsch. Tag. 335
lurideola Litk. 82, 84
lutarella Litk. 83
lutea Bsd. Lym. 196
lutea Griinb. Pir. 156 . . . .
lutea Holl. Met. 54
lutea Stgr. Ac. 485
luteibarba Hmps. Phrod. 108
luteicincta Holl. Parern. 65
luteipes Mob. Hyl. 117
luteipes Wkr. Stilp. 130 . , .
luteipes Stilpn. 163
luteola Her. Pir. 156
luteolata Kenr. Das. 181
luteolata Opistkocr. 402
luteomarginata Strd. Lith. 79
lutescens Holl. Mall. 272. „ .
lutescens Wkr. Spil. 97 . . .
luticoma Meyr. Pum. 488
lutulenta Tams Chrys. 210
luxuriosa Her. Niph. 468 . .

luzonica Xanth. 71
Lycosphingia R. & J. 369
lydenburgi Dist. Phal. 417
lydia Weym. Sem. 23 ... „
Lymantria Ilbn. 193
Lymantriades B.-Balc. 188
Lymantriidae 127
Lymantriidae 10
lymantrioides Her. Acl. 191 .
Lymantriopsis Hmps. 70
lyona Swh. Portk. 140
lysithous Bsd. Macr. 379
lytea Drc. Cten. 288

5 f
5 g

• /5

5 b

13 a
50 c
60 a

4 i

. 1 b

. 48 c
. 26 c
. 4 i

. 1 i

. 59 e

16 e

. 22 k

. 16 b
. 8 f

. 20 a

. 35 c,d
. 13 c

. 75 c

. 70 a
. 1 b

. 26 c

maasseni Strd. Nud. 322

Plat.

Maassenia Saalm. 371
Maassenia 357

mabillei Btlr. Litk. 79 .... 10 a

mabillei Btlr. Nyct. 116
mabilli Roch. Nar. 133
mabira Strd. Ap. 51
macrocera Slip. Ore. 133
Macrocneme 516
Macrocossus Aur. 541
macrodonta Hmps. Ram. 434 . 71 k

macrodonta Her. Das. 178 . . 24 k

Macroglossum Scop. 378
Macroglossum 13, 353, 357
Macronadata Mschlr. 437
macrophthalma Ky. Nud. 321 . 50 a
Macroplectra Hmps. 458
Macroplecta 470
macr ops Pat. 10

macrops Rhl Nud. 326 . . . . 51 c
macropterana Vad. 489
Macrosemyra Btlr. 454
Macrosenta Holl. 428
Macrosenta 401
Macrosia Hmps. 84
macrospila Wkr. Cer. 42
Macrostarsipodes 318, 515
Macrotarsipus Hmps. 520
Macrotliylacia 227
macrothyris Rothsch. Imbr. 332
macula Strd. Cer. 42
macularia Wkr. Spil. 96
maculata Aur. Odont. 226 . . 31 a

macula, ta Btlr. Fod. 155
maculata Conte Dact. 351 . . . 60 c

maculata Her. Par. 454 . . . . 73 c

maculata Rothsch. Temn. 374
maculata Wichgr. Lae. 162
maculatrix Wkr. God. 92
maculifascia Hmps. Lith. 81
maculifera Holl. Ant. 378 . . . 66 c

maculifera Strd. Pkas. 307 . . 47 a

maculifera Wllgr. Hex. 132
maculifera Wllgr. Met. 53
maculifrons Strd. Ocin. 284 . . 41 b

maculigera Strd. Lael. 217 . . 29 c

maculiventris le Cerf Con. 526 . 77 c
maculosa R. & .7. Nept. 372 . . 64 f

maculosa Saalm. Lith. 81 . . . 10 g

maculosa Stoll Spil. 96 .... 12 f

madagascarica Strd. Nyct. 115
madagascariensis Bsd. Bor. 267 37 f
madagascariensis Bsd. Euchr. 57 5 h
madagascariensis Btlr. Spil. 97 12 h

madagascariensis Less. Chrys. 388 67 f
madagascariensis Mob. Rkod. 109
madagascariensis M.& W . Arg. 318
madagascariensis South. Pseud. 334
madibirense Wichgr. Tar. 237
madinyka Conte Bor. 268
Maenas Him. 99
Maenas 61

maeonia Drc. Drep. 309
maera Schs. Chrys. 209
magdalenae Griinb. Drep. 317
magdalena Oberth. Synt. 47 . . 4 b

magica Gd. Math. 497 . . . . 75 i

magila Strd. Synt. 45

magna Aur. Cer. 250 . 34 e

magna Swh. Pir. 156 . 22 k

magnifica Chrys. 77
magnifica Hmps. Das. 178
magnifica Rothsch. Odont. 377 . 66 b
magnifica Rothsch. Rkod. 109 . 16 d

magnifica Rothsch. Vi. 309
Maguza Wkr. 403
Mahensia Fryer 69

maja Klug Gyn. 333 ..... 56 b
maja Gynan. 314, 315, 316
major Hmps. Nola 62 .... 8 c

major Heyl. Mon. 487 . . . . 72 i

major Holl. Lei. 248 . 34 c

major R.&J. Lib. 363 . . . .62 a
majus Aur. Tar. 238 . 32 e

Plat.

76 i

33 a
10 c

34 d

72 k

24 g
69 c

majuscula Gd. Bet. 495 . .
makala B.-Bak. Ola. 137
makomanum Strd. Tar. 238
makomensis Strd. Litk. 80
makomensis Strd. Myops. 42
makomona Strd. Lei. 249 .
Malacosoma 208, 490
Malacosomatinae 207
malacosomoides Rothsch. Ber. 223
malagasaria Mab. Urapt. 389 . 67 d

malagassa Strd. Phil. 67
malagassica Kenr. Gastr. 276 . 39 e

malagassica Kenr. Org. 192
Malamblia Jord. 33
malanga B.-Bak. Litk. 82
malangae B.-Bak. Lept. 425
maledicta Scheb. Chal. 486
malgassa Heyl. Deb. 485
Malgassesia le Cert 522
malgassica Fldr. Nepk. 372
malgassica Hmps. Sten. 35
malgassica Her Das. 178 .
malgassica Kenr. Desm. 410
malgassica Kenr. Gastr. 276
malgassica Kenr. Im. 197
maligna Btlr. Das. 171
malimba Holl. Tip. 519
Mallocampa Aur. 272
Mallocephala 53
Manatha Mr. 485

mania Drc. Sec. 114 . 18 d

manicata Aur. Het. 189 . .

manifesta Swh. Othr. 138
Manola Wkr. 73
manowiensis Gschw. Epiph. 317
maputuana Wichgr. Din. 275.

Marbla Swh. 157
Marbla 130, 482
Marblepsis Her. 158
Marbloides Her. 157
marcida Holl. Ant. 378 . . .
marcida Swh. Nyct. 117
margaritacea Gd. Scr. 424 . .
margaritalis Hmps. Rkod. 493
maria Ky. Stilp. 131
maria Oberth. Stict. 48 ...

marine Wllgr. Rkod. 380
mariana Ww. Jan. 295
mariana White Jan. 295 . .

marietta Oberth. Stict. 48 . .
marina Btlr. Synt. 46 ...

marina Synt. 47
marginalis Btlr. Pol. 367
marginalis Creat. 95
marginalis Wkr. Ams. 102 . .
marginalis Wkr. Cre. 104 . .
marginalis Wkr. Synt. 44
marginata Aur. Lael. 217
marginata Guer. Litk. 79 . .

marginata Holl. Cos. 450
marginata Pomp. 20
marginata Saalm. Litk. 79
marginata Wkr. Gon. 257
marginata Wkr. Temn. 374
marginemacula J. & T. Epiph. 317
marginepunctata B.-Bak. Lae. 158 27 k
marginepunctata Guer. Bar. 268 37 e
marginepunctata Holl Lei. 248 34b,c

marginepunctata Saalm. Red. 136 20 f
marginilinea J.& T. Pseud. 337
marginilutea Bouv. Pseud. 337
marisa Drc. Hyp. 522
Marmaroplegma Wllgr. 294
marmor Mab. Not. 408
marmorata Fawc. Pol. 359 . . 61 d

marmorata Hmps. Nolos- 67
marmorata Holl. Paraj. 294
marmorata Saalm. Macr. 454 . 73 e

marmorata Wkr. Dig. 91
marmorea Btlr. Phil. 66 . . . 8 g

marnois Rgh. Hen. 337 . . . . 58 a

marpissa Wllgr. Zana 435 . . . 71 k

marshalli Aur. Ber. 225 30 d, 35 b

26 f

39 d

66 c

70

O ct

52 c,d
5 a
4 c

14 f

15 c

9 1

INDEX.

Plat,

marshalli Aur. Cra. 222 . . . . 30 c

marshalli Aur. Pach. 243 35 e, 40 b

marshalli Aur. Phia. 298 . . . 41 i

marshalli Aur. Sten. 212
marshalli limps. Cer. 409
marshalli Hmps. Chion. 72 . . 9 a

marshalli lord. Sal. 34
marshalli Parat. 17
marshalli Praed. 359
marshalli R.& J . Poly. 367
marshalli JR. & J . Praed. 361 . . 61 f
marshalli JR.&J. Rhod. 380
marshalli JRothsch. Sem. 23
Marshalliana Aur. 505
martha Closs Pol. 367
JMJarumba 354, 356

marwitzi Grumb. Lym. 194 . . 25 f

marwitzi Strd. Pachym. 269
marwitzi Weym. Bpiph. 318
marwitziana Strd. Lith. 78
mascarena Btlr. Das. 178
maseniensis Strd. Lae. 159
mashonensis Strd. Lith. 78
mashuna Rothsch. Sem. 22
massilia JDrc. Pachym. 269
Mathoris Gn. 497
matronula Peric. 106
matuta Schs. Lept. 272 . . . . 40 e
mauretanica Celer. 353
mauritia JMab. Lith. 82
mauritii Btlr. Coel. 358
mauritia Stoll Rhod. 108
maxima Gd. Chad. 420 . . . . 70 d
maynbi Houlst. Epan. 399
meander Gn. Poly. 368 . . . . 64 a
mecynoides Mob. God. 92

medea Basioth. 355

medea Fldr. Bas. 380 . 66 g

media Aur. Phil. 229 . 40 b

medialis Gd. Eur. 429 . 71 c

mediata Wkr. Rhen. 416 . . . 69 i

medicaginis Zyg. 20
mediofasciata JHJer. Das. 175 . . 24 e
mediomaculata Strd. Ut. 93
mediopunctata Pry. Est. 100 . 14 a

mediosquamosa B.-Bak. Eup. 146
medjensis Holt. Parat. 440
medjensis Boll. Prot. 497
medusa Zyg. 20
Megadrepana 344
megara Mull. Ther. 382
Megathymus 15

megaera I. Euchl. 380 . . . . 66 f

Megalopygidae 445
Megalosphecia le Cerf 528
Megalosphecia 515, 516
Meganaclia Aur. 50
Meganola 63

megasema Hmps. Cel. 64 . . . 8 e

meinhoffi Brtl. Spil. 96 . . . . 12 h
meinickei Her. Abyn. 188 . . . 26 g
melaena Hmps. Bal. 56
melaleuca Hmps. Cel. 64 ... 8 f

melaleuca Hmps. Dal. 555
melaleuca Holl. Ap. 52 ... . 6 c

melaleuca Holl. Eup. 144 . . . 22 b
melalepia Hmps. Eup. 144
melalopha Hmps. Cel. 64 . . . 8 e

melampepla Holl. Andr. 471 . . 75 f,g
melania Ob. Chrys. 388
Melania Wllgr. 68

melanimon Mab. Per. 106 . . . 15 f
melanocera Hmps. Est. 99 . . 13 i

melanocera Hmps. Ola. 137

melanocera Hmps. Seir. 105 . . 15 d
melanocera Mab. Lym. 196
Melanocera South. 330
melanocera Synt. 46
melanochalcia le Cerf Sura 533 77 i

melanochila Her. Stilp. 131 . . 21 a
melanocraspis Hmps. Red. 136 20 g

melanodisca Hmps. Spil. 98 . . 13 e
melanogastra Holl. Ams. 102 . 14 f

melanogramma Janse Hapl. 437
melanoleuca Hmps. Ar. 154 . .
melanoleuca Hmps. Staph. 24
melanonephele limps. Az. 545 .
melanoneura Hmps. Therm. 25
melanoneura JRothsch. Lob. 327
melanopholis Hmps. Eup. 144
melanoproctis Her. Das. 186 . .
melanopyga Wllgr. Arn. 28
melanoscelis Hmps. Cel. 64 . .

melanospila Epic. 129
melanospila Hmps. Sicc. 69 . .
melanosticta Hmps. Desm. 411
melanosticta Hmps. Lac. 142
melanosticta Hmps. Lith. 79
melanosticta Hmps. Roes. 63
melanosticta Joan. Epipl. 393
melanthiata Mab. Nol. 152
melanotica Strd. Pach. 270 . .

melanovis Strd. Eup. 146
melanoxantha Gd. Est. 101 . .

melanura Wllgr. Eup. 147 . . .
melasoma Hmps. Lith. 80 . .

melaxant-ha Hmps. Seir. 105
melaxantha Wkr. Lae. 162 . . .
melete Fawc. Lym. 195

melia Fawc. Lym. 194 .

melicerta Anua 11

melinde M. & W . Lobob. 329

melinos Ky. Met. 54

3Ielisa Wkr. 56

Melisoides 56

Melisomimas Jord. 28

melissa Fwc. Lym. 195 . . . .

Melittia Hbn. 529

Melittia 14, 515

mellea Saalm. Rhod. 494 . . .
melochlora Her. Das. 178 . . .
meloui Oberth. Lob. 329 . . . .
meloui Oberth. Hyps. 398
meloui Oberth. Poly. 367 . . .

meloui Oberth. Tar. 277
meloui Biel. Pach. 243
melusine Strd. Hyl. 117 . . . .
melvus Rothsch. Macr. 379
menecles Fawc. Lym. 195
menippe Ww. Mel. 330 . „ . .
menthastri Esp. Spil. 95
mentiens Wkr. Cror. 135 . . .

meriani Gd. Rhod. 492 . . . .

meridialis Karsch Arb. 510. . ,
meridionalis Aur. Trich. 216
meridionalis Aur. Gastr. 274
meridionalis Hmps. Ast. 32 . .

meridionalis Her. Macr. 458
meridionalis Strd. 434
meridionalis Swh. Dig. 91
meridionalis Wllgr. Cel. 64 . .

meruana Aur. Sal. 31 . . . .

Mesocells Hbn. 217
Mesocelis 214

mesocyma Hmps. Macr. 458
mesochloris Hmps. Par. 463
mesochoriformis Wkr. Syn. 521
mesoleuca Strd. Pach 243 . . .
mesomelaena Holl. Eup. 141
mesonephele Hmps. Cel. 64 . .
mesopotamia Hmps. Chrys. 67 .
mesoscota Hmps. Nola 62 . . .

mesosticta Hmps. Lith. 79 . .

mesosticta Hmps. Xyl. 547 . .

mesotherma Hmps. Nola 62 . .
mesothyris Hmps. Par. 534
mesoxantha Her. Lae. 161 . .

mesozona Hmps. Eup. 145
mesun didata Strd. Jan. 295 . .
metacyanea Hmps. Sal. 32
Metadrepana Hmps. 290
metaleuca Hmps. Ac. 101 . . .

metaleuca Hmps. Car. 75 . . .

metaleuca Hmps. Lam. 426
metaleuca Hmps. Met. 53 . . .

metaleuca Hmps. Spil. 97 . . .

Plat,

22 g

79 f

25 a

8 e

8 i

21 a
10 b
8 d

38 d

14 e

22 e
10 e

15 e

23 a

25 f

25 g

79 i
24 f
55 a

63 d

19 b

55 c

20 e
76 f
78 h
29 e
40 e
2 h

8 f
2 g

32 f
28 c
8 e
8 h
8 a
10 b
79 h
8 a

23 c

44 a

14 e
9 g

9 g
13 a

Plat.

metallescens Mschlr. Ocin. 284 . 41 a
metallica Hist. Bomb. 232 . . . 35 b
metallica Hmps. Melis. 28
metallica Saalm. Prost. 455 . . 73 g
metamelaena Hmps. Care. 94 . 12 b

Metanaelia 54

Metanastria 206, 233, 241, 246
Metanycles Btlr. 34
metaphaea Hmps. Lam. 426
Metarbela Holl. 507
Metarbela 501
Metarbelidae 501
Metarbeiodes Strd. 507
Metarctia Wkr. 52
Metarctia 41
Metarctina Gd. 417

metarctioides Hmps. Ap. 51 . . 6 b

metasarca Hmps. Rhod. 108 . . 16 c
Metaspliecia le Cerf 528
metathermes Hmps. Das. 181
metazonata Hmps. Thyr. 532
metella Fawc. Lym. 194 . , , 25 h

meterythra Hmps. Neur. 30 . . 2d

meteus Stoll Met. 54 . 6 f

meteus Wkr. Met. 52

Metisa Wkr. 484

Metopolophota B.-Bak. 427

Metopsilus Dune. 371

metria Jord. Lib. 363

mhondana Brtl. Spil. 96

micacea Btlr. Omo. 467 . . . . 75 b

micans Wichgr. Lae. 162

micha Drc. Tar. 241

micha Drc. Tar. 241

micilia Agyrta 448
micra Karsch Met. 509 ....

micra R. & J . Pol. 359
micragraphalis Hmps. Rhod. 492
Micraphe Karsch 452
Micraphe 469
Micrarctiinae 92
Micrarctiinae 12
Micraroa Hmps. 150
Micrilema Hmps. 77
microbasis Hmps. Par. 463
Microhyle Hmps. 70
microlopha Hmps. Cel. 63 . . .
micromacula Strd. Bal. 55
micromacula Strd. Ber. 225
Micronaclia Hmps. 48
Micronaclia 12
Microilia Gn. 390
Microniinae 389
Micropterygiidae 553
microsippia Strd. Meg. 50
Microsphinx R. & J. 377
Microsphinx 356
microsticha Jord. Epiz. 29
microsticta B.-Bak. Chrys. 478
microsticta Hmps. Sicc. 68 . .

microsticta Hmps. Spil. 95. . .
microstigma Cite. Neph. 372 . .
microthyris Hmps. Macr. 520
midamia Cyclos. 20, 21
milleri Tams Odont. 277
milleti Hyps. 398
Miltockrista Hbn. 70
milvus Bsd. Macr. 379 ....

mima Strd. Porth. 140 ....

Mimacraea 10
Mimerastria 63

mimetica Jord. Sal. 32 ....

mimica Aur. Per. 406
Mimopacka Aur. 251
Mimopacha 216

mimosae Bsd. Arg. 319 . . . .
mimosae Argem. 315
mimosae Wllgr. Pol. 367
minataea Gerrod. 17, 448
minceus Stoll Eut. 41 .... .
miniata B.-Bak. Eupr. 152
miniata GriXnb. Lym. 194 . . .
miniata Kenr. Eup. 143

78 h

8 d

S i
12 c
64 e

66 d
20 i

49 b

3 a
25 g

584

INDEX.

Plat,.

minima Hmps. Orth. 506
minima Hmps. Pyd. 436
minima Her. Ola. 137
minima Holl. Pseud. 262 . . .

minima Janse Micr. 150
Miniodes 10

minor (id. Cer. 250 .

minor Hmps. Meg. 50 . . . .

minor Hmps. Scot. 450 . . . .
minor Holl. Eud. 319
minor Roths ch. Pseud. 48
rnintha Fawc. Rhod. 165
minuta Bsd. Thyr. 49
minuta Dist. Micr. 377
minuta Hmps. Cel. 64
minuta Hmps. Paur. 66
minuta Holl. Pyd. 437
minutissima B.-Bak. Lith. 83 .

minutula Saalm. Bet. 495 . . .
miosticta Hmps. Rhod. 492
miozona Hmps. Synt. 45 . . .

miozona Synt. 47
mira R.&J. Cer. 370
mirabile Dist. Tar. 241
mirabilis Aur. Carn. 345 . . .

mirabilis Aur. Pir. 156 . . . .

mirabilis Btlr. Anaph. 74 . . .
mirabilis Carneg. 314
mirabilis le Cerf Sal. 505
miraria Wkr. Gath. 393
Miresa Wkr. 469
mirifica Btlr. Chrys. 209 . . .

Mirina 13

misa Strd. Thyr. 50 .

misalis Karsch Rhod. 492 . . .
misanum Strd. Tar. 236 . . . .
miselioides Kenr. Das. 181 . . .
miserabilis Holl. Myops. 42 . .

miserata Holl. Das. 170
miserata Holl. Ilema 83
miserrima Holl. Epic. 291
mitfordi Ky. Lob. 328
milhauseri F. JIopl. 421
mitis Karsch. Tryph. 451 . . .

mittrei Guer. Arg. 318 . . . .

mixta Janse Anth. 432 . . . .

mixta Sn. Org. 192
mkattana Strd. Das. 184 . . .

mnemosyne Rbl. Pir. 156 . . .
m-nigrum Mob. Phil. 66 . . .

moddermanni Heyl. Clan. 483 .
moderata Wkr. Xyl. 546. . . .
moderata Xyl. 539
modesta B.-Bak. Par. 464
modesta Holl. Scr. 424 . . . .

modesta le Cerf Epis. 518 . . .

modesta Schs. & Cl. Eupr. 147
modesta Wkr. Lym. 194 . . .

modestus Dist. Pol. 436 . . . .
moerens Btlr. Das. 174
moerens Oberth. Thyr. 49 . . .

moesta Rbl. Nud. 320
mogadorensis Blach. Synt. 44
molitor R. & J . Poly. 368
mollis Btlr. Leuc. 338 . . . .

moloneyi Drc. Ams. 103 . . .

moloneyi Drc. Epan. 398 . . .
molybdea Hmps. Sus. 456
mombasana Rothsch. Ams. 102
monacha Psilura 127, 129, 193
Monda Wkr. 486
Monda 482

monedula Wllgr. Synt. 45
Monema Wkr. 461
monilifera Mab. Cal. 123 . . .

monochroma Holl. Lith. 83 . .

monochromum Ksch. Orth. 344
monogramma Hmps. Parap. 471
Monopetalotaxis Wllgr. 520
Monopetalotaxis 533
monophyes Swh. Eup. 146
monothyris Hmps. Synt. 46 . .
monotonia Strd. Bal. 55

37 c

40 a
5 b
73 c

11 c
76 li

3 k

59 f
9 e

40 a

5 c
76 f
32 a
24 h
3 c

73 c
51 a

71 g

25 a
21 e
8 g

72 h
80 c

70 g
77 a

25g,h
72 a

o a

58 b
14 g
68 c

14 h

19 b
11 c
59 f
75 f

3 k

Plat.

monotonia Strd. Phry. 88 ... 11 i
monotonicata Strd. Math. 497
monospila R. & J. Ell. 362
monosticta Btlr. Pter. 133 . . 20 c

monostigma Clk. Nept. 372

monotica Holl. Ap. 51 . 6 c

monozona Hmps. Con. 526
montana Aur. Chion. 214 . . . 29 c
montana Aur. Lith. 81
montana Bsd. Thyr. 50 ... . 5 c

montana Cr. Mes. 217 . . . . 29 c

monteiroi Btlr. Thyr. 50 ... 5 d

monteiroi Drc. Tricli. 251 . . . 34 f
monteironis Btlr. Ther. 382 . . 67 c

monteironis Rothsch. Phas. 307
montibia Strd. Phil. 228 . . . 31a, b

monticola Aur. Synt. 45. . . . 3i

Moorea 111

moorei Jord. Hipp. 382
mopsa Wkr. Imbrasia 331
Morasa Wkr. 189

morgani Wkr. Xanth. 359 . . . 61 b

morgani Xanthop. 355

mori L. Bombyx 283

mori Sericaria 315

morio L. Hypog. 198

morlandi Rothsch. Lob. 328

Morpheis 539

Morpho 9

morosa Wkr. Pach. 244 . . . . 33 f
morosina Lith. 82
mosambiquensis J . & K. Oli. 361
mosera Drc. Lym. 194
mpalensis South. Nud. 322
mucida Saalm. Cer. 335, 336
multidentata Her. Eup. 148 . . 28 g
multilinea Her. Das. 186 . . . 27 d

multilineata Gd. Solw. 439 . . 72 d

multipunctata Hmps. Rhod. 493 76 g
multipunctata Hmps. Sten. 505
multipunctis Strd. Das. 169
multiscripta Holl Lym. 196 . . 26 a
multiscripta Holl. Spi!. 95
multivittata Rothsch. Est. 100 . 14 d

mundata Wkr. Spil. 97 .... 13 c

municipalis Dist. Das. 170

miinzneri Strd. Chal. 486

muraena Drc. Neur. 30

murina Aur. Chon. 207

murina Wkr. Temn. 374 ... 65 d

murinus Rothsch. Poly. 366 . . 63 c

mus Gd. Taen. 430 . 71 d

muscella Mab. Micr. 48 ... . 4 a

muscerda Pel . 7 5

muscosa Holl. Ant. 378 . . . . 66 c

muscosa Holl. Das. 166

muscovit Bryk Estig. 212

musculalis Saalm. Cel. 64

mustelina Dist. Lebed. 276

mustelina Dist. Leb. 276

Musurgina Jord. 17

mutatus Wkr. Poly. 368 . . . 64 a

Myelobia 539

Mylandria Aur. 198

mylitta Anther. 315

myliris Men. Macr. 379

myodes Drc. Epiz. 29 . 2 c

myodes GuCr. Stict. 48 ... . 4 f

myodes Stict. 49
Myopsyche Hmps. 42
Myopsyche 48
myopsychoides Epit. 42

myopsychoides Strd. Epit. 48 . 4 f

myrmeleon Fldr. Eul. 549 . . . 80 d
myrsusalis Wkr. Rhod. 491
myrtea Rbl. Nud. 325 . . . . 52 c

mythimnia Ww. Epiph. 318 . . 48 b
myxa Wllgr. Odont. 226 . . . 30 e

N.

Nacliia 41, 48

Plat.

nachioides Fldr. Psich. 41
naclioides Hmps. Cer. 42 . .

Nadia-sa Wkr. 241, 272
naevius Fawc. Leb. 503 . . .
nahor Drc. Phas. 309
namaqua Bsd. Zut. 31 . . .

namaqua Zutulba 20
namaqua R. & J . Temn. 374
nana Bsd. Sphi. 377 . . . .

nana Holl. Lat. 465
nanum Bsd. Sphing. 356
Napta Gn. 265
Naroma Wkr. 133
Narosa Wkr. 460
Narosa 467
Narosana B.-Bak. 472
narses Fawc. Sal. 504 . . . .
nasmythi Ehrm. Pach. 242
nasuta Aur. Rhyncli. 276 . .
Natada Wkr. 470
Natada 14

natalensis Ancist. 289
natalensis Aur. Lob. 330 . .

natalensis Btlr. Mel. 530
natalensis Btlr. Pol. 359 . .

natalensis Fldr. Cten. 288 . .
natalensis Fldr. Tag. 315, 334
natalensis Janse Forth. 140
natalensis Rothsch. Ther. 382
natalensis Wkr. As. 71
natalica Acraea 124
natalica Aur. Phil. 228
natalica Hmps. Leb. 502 . .

natalica Mschlr. Macr. 84
natalica Mschlr. Ter. Ill
natalica Strd. Lith. 83
natalii Bsd. Synt. 45
natalii Bsd. Temn. 375
natalis Wkr. Temn. 375
natara Mr. Lith. 82
n’dalla B.-Bak. Eup. 148
neaera Drc. Hyl. 117
neavei Aur. Pach. 271 . . .

neavei Hmps. As. 70 ... .
neavei Rothsch. Og. 138
neavei Tams Desm. 410 . .

neavei Tams Eup. 146
neavi Hmps. Hibr. 124
neavi Hmps. Poly. 367 . .

nebrascae Edw. Euh. 523
nebulifera Hmps. Lith. 81
nebulifera Her. Das. 176 . .

nebuliferella Strd. Lith. 81
nebulosa Guer. Orn. 30 . . .
nefas Her. Macr. 459 . . . .
negamica Wkr. Arn. 27

3 a
78 c
2 e

65 d

66 b

78 d
39 e

. 54 c

. 61 c
. 41 d

. 78 i

. 38 a

. 8 1

. 69 d

. 64 e

. 27 b

. 2 e

. 73 i

Negera Wkr. 289

neglecta Her. Lat. 466 . . . . 75 a

negretina Plotz Synt. 46

negro Warr. Epip. 393 . . . . 67 g

negus Jord. Loph. 370

negus Wallgr. Thyr. 50 ... . 5 c

Nematocampa 402

Nemeta 448

Nemophila 11

nemopteridia Btlr. Pedopt. 23

nenia Win. Cyrt. 339 . 5S d

Neomardara Her. 155
Neor is 313

nepalensis Wkr. Hep. 554
Nephele 13, 357
nephele Clk. Temn. 374
Nephele Hbn. 372
nephelistis Hmps. Cten. 84
nephelistis Hmps. Per. 106 . . . 15 f
nepheloptera Hmps. Dig. 91 . . 17 e
nepheloptera, Hmps. Eup. 145
nephochloeropis B.-Bak. Var. 460
nephocrossa B.-Bak. Rhy. 418 . 70 c
nereis Rothsch. Mel. 331
nerii Deileph. 13, 353
nerii L. Deil. 371
nerina Drc. Othr. 138

19 d

Publ. 13. V. 1930.

INDEX.

585

nervalis Strd . Myops. 43
nervosa Wkr. Zin. 456

nessa Swh. Eup. 146 .

Netrocera Jord. 27
neumanni Jord. Dov. 360
neumanni Karsch. Par. 463
neumanni Rothsch. Leuc. 364
neurabrunnea B.-Bak. Par. 188
neuriastis Limps. Est. 100 . . .
neurophaea Bmps. Cre. 104 . .
neurosticta Bnvps. Met. 507
Neurosymploca Wllgr. 29
Neurosymploca 19
neustria Bomb. 248
neuvillei le Cerf Nud. 321
ngarukensis Strd. Clan. 484
nicaea Celer. 355

nictitans F. Nud. 323 .

Nidara Mob. 292
niepelti Gschw. Drep. 316
niepelti Strd. Lob. 328
nigeriae B.-Bak. Leb. 503 . . .
nigericola Strd. Nud. 322
nigerrima Ber. Das. 175 . . .

nigerrima Boll. Caspb. 473 . . .
nigra Aur. Subscr. 425 . . . .
nigra Bouv. Gyn. 333

nigra Bmps. Epit. 47 .

nigra Boll. Eup. 149
nigranalis Warr. Math. 497
nigrapex Strd. Phry. 87
nigrescens Aur. Pacb. 243 . . .
nigrescens Pfeiff. Cbrys. 388
nigribasis Janse Ola. 137
nigricans Aur. Odo. 253 . . .

nigricans Aur. Pseud. 261
nigricans Closs. Coel. 358
nigricans Gd. Jan. 295 . . . .
nigriceps Aur. Met. 53 . . . .
nigriceps Bmps. Tip. 519
nigricilia Strd. Synt. 45 ... .
nigricosta Bmps. Oed. 77
nigricosta Bmps. Ola. 137
nigricosta Boll. Spil. 95
nigricostata Btlr. Onycb. 74 . .
nigridorsa Aur. Caspb. 473 . .

nigridorsa Caspb. 448
nigrrfasciata Gd. Desm. 414 . .
nigrifinis Swli. Portb. 140
nigrifrons Bmps. Pol. 85 . , .

nigrifrons Swh. Porth. 140
nigrilinea Joic. Ams. 102
nigripalpis Wkr. In. 461
nigripennis Aur. Bal. 55 . . .

nigripes Bmps. Lae. 159
nigripes Boll. Stilp. 131
nigripicta Boulst. Epan. 399
nigriplaga R. & J. Poly. 368 . .
nigripulverea Janse Lae. . . .
nigripuncta Janse Eup. 145
nigripuncta Rothsch. Turn. 427
nigrisignata Gd. Ams. 102 . . .
nigrisignata Strd. Strot. 459 . .
nigrisquama Warr. Aero. 389
nigristriata Boll. Das. 185
nigristriata Boll. Plin. 77 . . .
nigristriata Janse Ja. 304 . . .
nigristriga Joan. Antic. 434
nigrita Clk. Bas. 380
nigritarsis Strd. Pbil. 231 . . .
nigrivenis Strd. Lecb. 218 . . .
nigrivenosa Grilnb. Rbod. 109 .
nigrivenosa Karsch Del. 462 . .
nigroapicalis Aur. Rbod. 109
nigroapicalis J. & T. Mon. 487
nigrobasalis Rothsch. Synt. 46 .
nigrocastanea Rothsch. Est. 101
nigrociliata Aur. Cbrys. 478 . .
nigrociliata Aur. Litb. 78 . . .
nigrocincta Aur. Par. 432 . . .
nigrocincta Kenr. Spil. 97 . . .
nigrocristata Joic. Pedopt. 23
nigrocristata J. & T. Org. 193

XIV

Plat.

22 c

14 b

15 c

52 a

78 b

27 e
75 g
70 i

4 e

33 d

35 a

42 c
6 f

3 k

7 f
75 li

69 f

11 e

7 e

63 g
23 c

71 b
14 g
73 i

9 i
45 c

33 c
29 d,e
16 f
74 c
16 d

4 c
14 e
76 c
9 1
71 f
13 c
1 b

Plat.

nigrodorsata Warr. Epip. 391 . 67 g

nigrolineata Aur. Gramm. 259 . 37 b
nigrolineata Aur. Hapl. 437 . . 72 c
nigrolineata Aur. Pbia. 301 . . 43 a
nigrolineata Carp. Antb. 437
nigrolunulata B.-Bak. Eup. 148
nigrimaculata Aur. Pol. 296 . . 41 g
nigromaculata Ber. Tracb. 466 75 b

nigromaculata Poloma 302

nigromarginata B.-Bak. Epiz. 29
nigropicta Boll. Ar. 154
nigroplagata B.-Bak. Cif. 188
nigropunctata B.-Bak. Spil. 96
nigropuncta Ber. Pter. 133 . . 20 b

nigropunctata le Cerf Sal. 505
nigropunctata Saalm. Sicc. 69
nigropunctula Pag. Rbod. 491 . 76 e
nigrosignata Fitch. Ut. 93
nigrosparsa Janse Pol. 436 . . 72 a

nigrosparsata Kenr. Das. 179
nigrosquamosa B.-Bak. Eup. 144
nigrostiiata Kenr. Lym. 193
nigrovenata B.-Bak. Pbiala 300
nigrovenata Ber. Eup. 146
nigrovenosus Btlr. Anom. 25 . . 1 e

nigrovittata Aur. Bomb. 233 . 35 c

nigrovittata Aur. Pyd. 436 . . 72 b

nilotica Aur. Pacb. 244
nilotica Jord. Hoi. 340
nilotica Jord. Poly. 365
Ninia Wkr. 25

niobe Weym. Argyr. 198. . . . 26 g
Nipkadolep s Karsch 467
Niphadolepis 460

nipboessa Strd. Ber. 224 . . . 30 d

nipbostena Bmps. Cel. 64 . . . ,8 f
niris Drc. Olyra 231
nitens B.-Bak. Par. 432
nitens Btlr. Eutricb. 276
nitens Btlr. Eutricba 276

nitens Gd. Lam. 427 . 71 a

nitens Jord. Ast. 33
nitens Rothsch. Litb. 78
nitida Jord. Temn. 376
nitida Swh. Stilp. 130

nivalis Rothsch. Pbas. 307 . . . 46 d
nivaria Brtl. Spil. 95
nivaria Weym. Rbod. 109
nivata Karsch Nipb. 467 . . . 75 c

nivea Aur. Ac. 101 . 14 g

nivea Aur. Cbrys. 478 . . . . 76 d

nivea Aur. Horn. 132 . 20 b

nivea B.-Bak. Pseud. 132
nivea Btlr. Hyl. 117
nivea Btlr. Pbiala 300
nivea Bmps. Ams. 102 . . . . 15 a
niveiplaga Bmps. Scalm. 404 . 68 f

niveivitrea Brtl. Rbod. 109 . . 16 d

niveociiiata Strd. Pbia. 298 . . 41 h

niveola Ber. Mar. 158 . . . . 21 d

niveoplaga Aur. Pacb. 270 . . 38 c

nivosa Fldr. Lat. 466 . 75 a

nkolentangensis Strd. Sal. 32

nobilior Boll. Cten. 452 .... 73 d

nobilis Drc. Eub. 523

nobilis B.-Schaff. Eup. 147 . . 22 d

nobilis Boll. Ja. 303

noctis Drc. Lecb. 220

noctis Drc. Met. 53 . . 6 e

noctua Ber. Portb. 151 . . . . 28 d
noctuella Nom. 11
N octuiformes 107

noctuiformis Janse Pect. 408 . 69 a

nodulifera Karsch Good. 343
Nola 61

nolana Mob. Das. 179
Noleca Wkr. 152

noliformis Strd. Cbrys. 77 . . . 9 i

Nolinae Leach. 61
Noliproetis Ber. 152
Nolosia Bmps. 67

nomaqua Wkr. Dal. 555 . . . 80 f

nora Pag. Das. 185

Norasuma Mr. 283
norax Drc. Hibr. 124
Norraca Mr. 428
nosera Ber. Sept. 150 . . . .
nostalis Wkr. Synt. 45 . . .

notata Btlr. Lael. 190
notia Ber. Das. 166 . . . .

notifera Saalm. Litb. 81 . .

notivitta Strd. Cre. 104
Notodonta 408
N otodonta 403
Notodontidae 401
Notodontidae 14
notoplagia Bmps. Myops. 43 .
Notoxantka Bmps. 435
novemlineata Aur. Pbia. 300
nox Aur. Anom. 25 . . . .

nox Boll. Tas. 34
n’tebi B.-Bak. Synt. 46 . . .
nuba Beut. Con. 525
nubica Jord. Bun. 320
nubica Strd. Cine. 68
nubica Cine. 117
nubifera B.-Bak. Met. 508
nubifera Bmps. Cbad. 419
nubifera Boll. Das. 185 . . .
nubifuga Boll. Das. 170 . . .
nubila Boll. Cbrys. 478
nubilata Her. Par. 454 . . .

nubilata Boll. Das. 165
nubilata Boll. Good. 343 . . .
nubilosa Bmps. Az. 545 . . .
nuda Boll. Anom. 25
nuda Boll. Ola. 137
Nudaria Baw. 66
Nudaria 66, 70
Nudaurelia Rothsch. 320
Nudaurelia 313, 314, 315
nudicornis Gd. Rbod. 494 . .
nudiuscula Aur. Hyal. 139
nudiuscula Aur. Hyal. 131
nugatrix Fldr. Desm. 415
Numenes Wkr. 155
Numenes 129
Numenoides Btlr. 192
numida Boll. Asu. 71 ... .
numosae Wllgr. Poly. 367
nupta Fldr. Bomb. 208
nyanga Beut. Syn. 522
nyangweensis Strd. Spil. 98
nyansae Strd. An. 397
nyasica Bmps. Spil. 98 . . .
nyassa Strd. Pbil. 67
nyassana Aur. Pacb. 271 . .

nyassana Brtl. Spil. 95
nyassana Rothsch. Aud. 325
nyassana Strd. Litb. 82
nyassana Strd. Lud. 341
nyassana Strd. Pbiala 300
nyassana Strd. Pbry. 87 . .

nyassanum Strd. Tar. 237 . .
nyassica Aur. Mall. 273
Nyctaegeria le Cerf 532
N yctalemonidi 388
N yctalemoninae 13
nyctalops Wllgr. Bun. 320
Nyctemera Bbn. 115
Nyctemera 13, 19
nyctemerina Rbl. Mar. 157
Nyctemerinae 113
Nyctemerinae 13
Nygmia 143

nympbaeata Warr. Epip. 391
nysa Drc. Gon. 257 . . . .

Plat.

22 f
5 a

21 f,g
10 g

3 c

47 e
1 e

4 a

. 25 b
. 23 b

. 73 f

. 59 d
. 79 g

• 76 g
. 20 b

8 m

• 13 g
. 39 a

• 11 g
. 32 c

36 a, b

O.

oberthueri Pbyll. 363
obertbueri R.&J. Phyll. 369 . 64 a

obertbueri Rothsch. Og. 138
obertbiiri Bouv. Nud. 320

74

586

obertkuri le Cerf Call. 528 . .

okertkxiri Rothsch. Micr. 49 . .

oberthuri Rothsch. Sec. 114
obesus Karsch Euloph. 549
objectus Strd. Poly. 367
obliqua B.-Bak. Ar. 153
obliqua Wlcr. C-ror. 135
obliqua Wkr. Tur. 106
obliqualinea B.-Bak. Das. 187 .
obliqualinea B.-Bak. Met. 507
obliqualinea Met. 511
obliqualinea B.-Bak. Lym. 188
obliqualinea B.-Bak. Per. 406
obliquata Klug Beral. 223
obliquata Wllgr. Beral. 224
obliquatum Strd. Tar. 236 . . .
obliquestrigata Strd. Sena. 469
obliquifascia Hmps. Ortb. 506
obliquifascia Kenr. Scalm. 404 .
obliquifascia Warr. Rkod. 493 .
obliquilinea Fawc. Das. 186
obliquilinea Hmps. Macr. 458
obliquisigna Hmps. Ocin. 284
obliquizona Hmps. Tkyr. 532 . .
obliterata Griinb. Bal. 55
obliterata Rothsch. Tker. 382
obliterata Wkr. Asu. 71 . . . .
oblitterans Fldr. Litk. 80 . . .

obscura Aur. Cym. 251 . . . .

obscura Aur. Ja. 303 .

obscura Aur. Lei. 249 . . . .

obscura Aur. Lud. 342 . . . .

obscura Aur. Ocin. 252 . . . .

obscura Aur. Odont. 226
obscura Aur. Pkil. 231 . . . .

obscura Btlr. Imbrasia 331

obscura Gd. Eur. 429 .

obscura Holl. Das. 172
obscura le Cerf Megal. 528
obscura Mab. Sphi. 377
obscura Swh. Lom. 190
obscura Wkr. Pack. 244 . . .

obscux*a Wkr. Ter. Ill
obscuralis Hmps. Bet. 495
obscurascens Gd. Xyl. 547 . . .
obscurascens Strd. Eok. 115 . .
obscurascens Strd. Ternn. 374 .

obscurata Meyr. Fum. 488
obscurata Strd. Leek. 220 . . .
obscurior Gd. Scalm. 405 . . .

obscurior Wichgr. Ter. 110
obscuripennis Strd. Good. 343
obscurissimus Holl. Poll. 35
obscurissimus Pollan. 21
obscurus Spiling. 356
obsolescens Hmps. Sal. 504 . .

obsolescens Hmps. As. 70 . . .
obsoleta Aur. Arck. 211

obsoleta Gd. Xyl. 547 .

obsoleta Klug. Anad. 216. 260
obsoletissima B.-Bak. Das. 179
obtusa Wkr. Poloma 189
obtusus Wkr. Pkas. 308 . . . .
obvia Hmps. Peatk. 462 . . .

occidens Clk. Poly. 368
occidens Rothsch. Spil. 98 . . .
occidentals Bril. Ams. 102
occidentals Gschw. Arg. 319
occidentalis le Cerf Mel. 531 . .
occidentals Mel. 515
occidentalis R. & J . Pseud. 363
occidentalis Rothsch. Nud. 323
occidentalis Strd. Bra. 246
occidentalis Strd. Oreoc. 547 . .
occidentalis Strd. Pus. 86 . . .
Occidents Wkr. Otkr. 138
occitanica Zyg. 20
occultans Volt. Axiop. 93
oeellaris Wllgr. Zut. 31 . . .
ocellata Holl. Das. 169
ocellata Kenr. Das. 180
ocellata Spkinx. 365
ocellatula Her. Das. 180

INDEX.

Plat.
77 f
4 g

25 c

32 b

68 g

76 g

77 k

8 1

10 d
34 f
45 b

34 d
59 c

35 b

31 c

71 c

33 d

79 h
18 f
65 e

30 a
68 h

78 e

8 1

79 g

47 c
74 c

13 d

77 g

79 h
11 f

2 e

Plat.

ocellifera Holl. Das. 170 . . . 32 h

ocelligera Btlr. Dact. 350 . . . 47 f

ocellina Wkr. Arg. 112
Ocha 265

Ockanella Aur. 265

ochracea Gd. Met. 508 . . . . 78 g

ockracea Gd. Pect. 543 . . . . 79 e

ockracea J . & T. Pseud. 337

ockracea Jord. Bybl. 28

ochracea Metarb. 501

ockracea Sn. Lae. 160

ochracea Strd. Acroj. 305

ockracea Wkr. Bal. 55 . . . . 7 e, f

ockracea Wkr. Ckam. 523

ockraceata Wkr. Aroa 153

ockraceola Strd. Leek. 218 . . 29 f

ochraceum Aur. Good. 343

ockraceus B.-Bak. Pol. 436 . . 72 a

ockrascescens Strd. Pkil. 228 . 31 b

ockrea Gd. Per. 406

ockrea Btlr. Eup. 145

ockrea Her. Lac. 142 . 20 i

ochreata Griinb. Nud. 323
ockreata Hmps. Pkry. 87 . . . 11 g
ockreicosta Gd. Ter. 511 ... 78 i

ockreipennis Btlr. Epiz. 29 . . . 2 c
ockreipennis Strd. Ocin. 285 . . 41 b
ockreomarginata B.-Bak. Est. 100 14 a

ockreopicta Kenr. Scalm. 404 . 68 g

ockrescens Griinb. Pkia. 301
ockriaria Hmps. Lom. 190
ockribasis Hmps. Ckad. 420
ockricoloria Strd. Lept. 150
ockricostata Gd. Met. 417 . . . 69 i
ockritincta Strd. Pkia. 298
ockriventris Strd. Pkia. 301 . . 45 a
ockriventris Str. Rig. 434 . . . 71 i
ockroderoea Mab. Das. 185
ockrograpka Hmps. Nola 62 . . 8 a

ockroleuca Fldr. Bomb. 232 . . 31 d
ockroptera Fldr. Epiz. 29 . . . 2 c
ockrorubens Mab. Paras. 69
ocksenkeimeri Bsd. Myops. 43 . 3 c

ocktkoeba Hmps. Tur. 106. . . 15 f

ochthoeba Tur. 94

Ocinara 283

Ocinaropsis Aur. 252

Ocinaropsis 216

Ocneria 127, 128

Ocnogyna 12, 92, 94

octo Mab. Zut. 31

octoginta Hmps. Desna. 414

octomaculata Ky. Tker. 382

octopkora Hmps. Das. 173

octopkora Hmps. Das. 183

octopunctata Tessm. Pirg. 125

oculata Holl. Ur. 287

oculita Karsch Ecc. 471 . . . . 75 f

oculita Ecc. 448

ocypete Brem. Fent. 420

ocys Hbn. IXipp. 381

Ocyton Bsd. 373

odites Schs. Pkia. 301

Odonestis 247

Odontocheilopteryx Wllgr. 226

Odontocheilopteryx 215, 260

Odontogama Aur. 252

Odontogama 216

Odontopaeka Aur. 253

Odontopacha 216

Odontosida R. & J . 377

Oeceticinae 483

Oeceticoides Hcyl. 484

Oeceticus Lands. G. 483

Oedaleosia Hmps. 76

Oedimatopis 17

oedipoides Strd. Mel. 529

oedipus Oberth. Mel. 529

oegrapka Mab. Lom. 361 . . . 61 e

oenopa Griinb . Nud. 320

oenopion Hbn. Neph. 373

Oeonistis Hbn. 76

Oeonistis 129

Plat,

Ogoa Wkr. 137
Ogoa 123

ogovensis Holl. Parat. 440 . . 72 f,

ogovensis Holl. Stilp. 130 . . . 20 a
ogovensS Holl. Synt. 46
Ogovodonta Gd. 438
Oidemaskelis B.-Bak. 459
Oiketicinae 482
Olapa Wkr. 137

olenda Beut. Con. 526 . . . . 77 d
Oligographa R. & J. 361
oligosticta Hmps. Spil. 95 . . . 12 d

olivacea Gd. Eur. 429 . 71 c

olivacea Ged. Per. 406 . . . . 68 i
olivaceofusca Rothsch. Brack. 439 72 e
olivaceomicans Strd. Diast. 431. 71 e
olivaceonotata Warr. Gorg. 558 80 g
olivaceum Kenr. Tar. 241 . . . 35 f
olivolinea J . & K. Poly. 365

oloris Her. Sep. 136 . 21 b

Olyra 215

Olyra Wllgr. 231

ominosa Meyr. Fum. 488

omissa Her. Das. 171 . 24 a

omissa Holl. Ar. 154

Omocena Karsch. 467

ompkalota Hmps. Cel. 63 . . . 8 d

ondulata Conte Pack. 245

ondulosa Cte. Pack. 245

oneili Clk. Pern. 360

oneili J arise Scalm. 405 . . . . 68 k

oneili Janse Trot. 440

onii B.-Bak. Eup. 147

Onopkalera Gd. 418

onotherina Mart. Bas. 380

onusta Karsch Met. 507 . . . . 78 f
OnycMpodia Hmps. 74
opalimargo le Cerf Tip. 519 . . 77 a
opalina Drc. Ckrys. 478
opalina Wkr. Cim. 156 . . . . 22 k

opalinula Mab. Rkod. 493 . . . 76 g
opkeltes Cr. Rkod. 380 . . . . 66 f
Ophiusa 11

opktkalmodes Her. Das. 181 . . 25 a

Opistkodontia Aur. 212
Opisthograptis 402
Oplometa 215
Oplometa Aur. 226
Opoboa Tessm. 124
Opsaroa Hmps. 71

orbata Gd. Par. 454 . 73 c

orbata Par. 458

orbicularis Peridr. 88

orbiferalis Gd. Prot. 497 . . . 75 i

ordinata Kscli. Lae. 162 . . . 23 d

Oreocossus Aur. 547

orestes Drc. Myl. 198

Oreta Wkr. 288

Orgyia O. 192

Orgyia 127, 128

oriens Rothsch. Spil. 97

oriens Hmps. Good. 343

orientalis Bouv. Cir. 332

orientalis Strd. Rig. 434

orientis Rothsch. God. 92 ... 17 g

orinoptena Ksch. Lud. 342 . . 59 c

Orna Ky. 30
Orna 19

ornata Gd. Diast. 431 . 71 e

ornata Jord. Amaltk. 26
ornata Ob. Das. 180

ornata Wkr. Rig. 434 . 71 i

Ornithopsyche Wllgr. 153

orobi Zyg. 20

orphaeus Dist. Tker. 382

orpkeus H.-Schaff. Tker. 382 . 67 d

orpkne Schs. Cam. 306 . . . . 46 c

orpknina Her. Das. 186 . . . . 27 c
Ortkarbela Aur. 506
Orthocraspeda Hmps. 459
Orthogonioptilum Swh. 344
Orthogonioptilum 313
ortkogramma Her. Das. 165 . .231

INDEX.

587

ortliographus R. & J . Poly. 365

osiris B.-Bak. Parap. 152

osiris Balm. Hipp. 380 . . .

osiris Drc. Nud. 323

osiris Hippot. 353

ostentata Dist. Dig. 91 . . .

ostentator Her. Dact. 351 . .

ostentum Her. Eup. 147 . .

ostia Drc. Ast. 33

ostra SwJi. Eup. 146

ostracina Wllgr. "Flier. 382

osyris Bsd. Hipp. 380

Othroeda Hbn. 138

Otroeda 10, 14, 61, 123, 287

ottonis Strd. Nyct. 115

otus Pachypasa 13

oubie Guer. Nud- 321

oubie Nud- 316

Ovios 17

ovifera R. &J. Nept. 372
Oxycophina Warr. 494
oxytela Jord. Good. 343

a*.

Pachicispia Btlr. 188
pachycerus R. & J. Macr. 379 .
Pachycispia = Pachicispia
pachyderma Karsch. Neph. 372
P achylia 353
Pachymeta Aur. 269
Pachymetana Strd. 270
Pachymetoides Strd. 270
Pachyna Weym. 227, 242
Pachypasa Wltr. 241
Pachypasa 10, 13, 205, 215
Pachyphlebina Her. 468
pachytaenia Her. Das. 177 . .

P achy thy ridinae 490
Pachythyris Fldr. 490
pactolicus Btlr. Arg. 113 . . .

pactor Her. Lae. 162 .

paetula Her. Lael. 154 . . . .

pagana Ky. Neur. 30 .

pagana Strd. Met. 507
pagana Strd. Phiala 300
Paidia 70

pais Her. Das. 177 .

palaemon Drc. Ap. 51
Palaeosiccia Hmps. 68
palairanta B.-Bak. Rhod. 492
Palasea Wllgr. 193
paleacea H.-Schaff. Pseud. 336
palealides Hmps. Rhod. 492

pales Drc. Spil. 97 .

pales Weym. Nud. 323
palla Holl. Eup. 149
pallens B.-Bak.Gonom. 276
pallens B.-Bak. Met. 53
pallens Hmps. Sicc. 69
pallens H .-Schdff. Phrag. 548
pallens Her. Chrys. 477 . . . .
pallens South. Lob. 329 . . . .
pallescens le Cerf Met. 507
pallescens Ob. Nyct. 115 . . .

pallescens Strd. Imbrasia 331
pallicornis Strd. Ocin. 284 . . .
pallida Aur. 01. 231

pallida Btlr. Das. 184 .

pallida Gloss Pseud. 363

pallida Drc. Sar. 92 .

pallida Fawc. Trich. 251
pallida Hmps. Met. 53 . . . .

pallida Holl. Das. 184
pallida Holl. Ilema 83

pallida Ky. Eup. 145 .

pallida Mschlr. Par. 464 . . .

pallida Tams Epic. 291
palli dicosta Mab. Lith. 79
pallidula Her. Lae. 163 . . . .
pallota Plotz Ap. 52

Plat.
63 a

66 g

17 g
60 c
21 c

66 e

27 d

18 a
21 e
28 e
2 d

27 d

13 b

76 b
55 a

18 g

41 c
25 b
17 g
6 c

22 c
74 f

28 a

Plat.

palpalis R.&J. Temn. 376 . . 65 g

palpina Pterost. 401
Panassa Wkr. 68
pancratia Weym. Orth. 344

panda Bsd. An. 397 . 68 d

pandora Guer. Macr. 379

pandula Bsd. Lep. 85 . 11 e

pannosa Griijib. Rhod. 108 . . 16 a

Panogena. R. & J. 359
pantheraria Fldr. Arg. 112 . . 18 b

panyamana Strd. Met. 52
Papilio 10

papilionaria Wkr. Thym. 24
papilicnaris Cyclosia 19
papilionaris Jord. Othr. 138 . . 19 f
parachoria Holl. Ap. 51 ... . 6 b

parachoria Apisa 51
Paradiastema Aur. 432
Paradohertya 83

paradoxa Her. Mar. 157 . . . 22 i

paradoxa Marbloid. 482
Paradoxosia Hmps. 69
Paradrallia B.-Bak. 396
| paragarda Wllgr. Mar. 294 . . 42 b

Paragetor B.-Bak. 466
Para j ana Aur. 294
Paralebeda Hmps. 503
paralecta Holl. Met. 54
paralias Celer. 353

parallela B.-Bak. Anaph. 74 . . 9 d

parallela Holl. Eup. 144 . . . 22 b

Parallelia 16
Paramelisa Aur. 56
Parameta Aur. 272
Paranthrene Hbn. 533
Paranthrene 515
Paraona Mr. 76
Paraphlebs Aur. 441
Paraphrygia Hmps. 110
Paraphyllalia Gd. 297
Parapirga B.-Bak. 188
Paraplectra B.-Bak. 464
! Paraplocia Aur. 90
Parapluda Aur. 471
Paraproctis B.-Bak. 152
Pararethoiia Janse 409
Parasa Mr. 462
Parasa 14, 448
Parasiccia Hmps. 69
Parastaura Gd. 429
Parathosea Aur. 4:57
Paratrotonotus Aur. 440
Paratuerta 17

paratyrrhena Bouv. Lob. 330
Parazana 433
Paraxena B.-Bak. 152
pardalina Brtl. Ter. 110 . . . . 16 g
pardalina Rotlisch. Spil. 96
pardalis Wkr. Estigm. 212
Paremonia Hmps. 65
paremphares Holl. Met. 53
parinarii Guer. Gastr. 274
Parnara 20
Parnassius 313
partitalis Wkr. Cel. 65

Parusta Rothsch. 337

parva Aur. Ber. 225 . 30 d

parva Aur. Epan. 399

parva Plotz Stilp. 131 . . . . 20 a

parva Rothsch. Mel. 330

parviguita Nacl. 48

parvinota Mab. Lasioc. 266

parvipuncta Hmps. Sec. 114

parvula Btlr. Phil. 66 .... 8 g

parvula Fldr. Phra. 94 .... 12 c

parvula Kenr. Lym. 195

Paryphanta Karsch 453

pascua Swh. Cel. 64

Pasteosia Hmps. 76

Pasteosia 68

pastor Btlr. Das. 174 . 24 e

patagiata Aur. Phia. 299
patagiata Aur. Pseud. 263 . . 37 c

Plat.

patavia Swh. Eupr. 145

patens Bsd. Phyll. 296 . . . . 44 c

patruelis Dist. Lobob. 330

pattersoni Tams Od. 277

Patula 10

paucipuncta Joic. Maen. 99
paucipunctata Hmps. Sicc. 69
paucipunctata Strd. Nyct. 116

pauli Strd. Nyct. 115 . 18 f

paulinus Oberth. Hyps. 398 . . . 68 b
pauper Bouv. Nud. 324
pauper le Cerf Con. 526 . . . . 77 d

paupera Her. Bra. 164 . . . . 22 i

paupera Her. Chrys. 478. . . . 76 c

paupera Her. Lept. 150 . . . . 22 e

pauperculus Holl. Poly. 368 . . 63 g

Paurophlebs Hmps. 66

pavidus Btlr. Coss. 542

pavonia Eudia. 313, 314

pechueli Dew. Pol. 367

peckoveri Btlr. Temn. 374

Pecticossus Gd. 542

pectinata Fry. Porth. 140

pectinata Hmps. Anaph. 74 . . 9 e

pectinata Hmps. As. 71

pectinella Strd. Asu. 71 ... . 8 m

pectinicornis Schauf. Orn. 30

pectinicornis Strd. Phrag. 548

pectinifera Hmps. Prot. 496

Pectinophora Janse 408

peculiaris Btlr. Das. 166

Pedalonina Gd. 528

Pedoptila Btlr. 23

pedunculata Hmps. Sphec. 527

Pegella 127

Pehria Strd. 272

pelias Mab. Bor. 268

pelidne Mab. Pomp. 26

pelius R. & J ■ Ther. 382 . . . 67 d

pellucens H.-Schaff. Psych. 445 79 d

pellucida Griinb. Stra. 134 . . . 20 d

pellucida J. & T. Phas. 308

pellucida Rothsch. Spil. 97 . . 13 b

pellucida Wichgr. Pir. 156

pelops Fawc. Pol. 367

Pelosia 75

pelosoma Rothsch. Epiph. 317
pelostema Her. Phrag. 548 . . 80 d

Pemba R. & J. 360
pembertoni Rothsch. Est. 100
pembertoni Rothsch. Synt. 44 . 3 e

Pemphigostola Strd. 16
Pemphigostola 12, 15
Pemphigostolinae 16
penaeus F. Neph. 362
penella Heterog. 39

peneus Cr. Neph. 372 . 65 a

penicillata Wkr. Spil. 98 . . . . 13 d
pennatula F. Psal. 197 . . . . 25 c
penricei R. & J . Hopl. 361 . . 61 f

pentagramma Hmps. Hipp. 381
peperita Hmps. Lith. 81 ... 10 h

pepon Karsch. Phor. 467 . . . 75 b

pepon Phorma 457

peraffinis Holl. Lei. 247 34 b, 35 d

Peratodonta Aur. 405
perbrunnea Hmps. Lae. 158
perculta Dist. Baz. 130
perdita B.-Bak. Das. 180
perfasciata Wichgr. Pir. 156
perfida B.-Bak. Ar. 153
perfusca Hmps. Nola 62 ... 8 a

Pergesa 353

pergrisea Hmps. Desm. 412
Pericallia Hbn. 106
Pericallia 61, 104
Pericopinae 12
Peridrome 88

perigrapha Hmps. Rhod. 492
perileuce Holl. Proi. 470
peringueyi Aur. Parath. 457 . . 73 i
peringueyi Janse Anth. 433
peripheta Drac. 490

588

INDEX.

Plat.

Perisomena 313

perkeo R. & J . Ther. 382 . . . 67 d
perlucida le Cerf Epis. 518. . . 77 a
permagnifica Poll. Oth r. 138
perobliqua Wkr. Ber. 223 30 d, 35 a
peropalinus Rothsch. Phas. 308
Perophoridae 14, 15
perpallidus Poll. Pol. 367
perpetua Oberth. Thyr. 49
perpulchra Warr. Epip. 391
perpusilla Per. Eup. 149 . . . 28 f

perpusilla Met. 54

perpusilla Wkr. Meg. 50 ... 5 c

perroti Obertli. Dys. 49

perroti Oberth. Hyps. 397 . . . 68 a

Perroti a Oberth. 446

persecta Strd. Nyct. 116

perseis Fawc. Thos. 457 . . . . 73 h

persepkone Gd. Nud. 324 . . . 52 b

persimilis Pmps. Car. 75 ... 9 g

persimilis Pmps. Chad. 419

personata Per. Par. 454 . . . . 73 f

perspicua Btlr. Epiph. 318 . . 48 b

perspicua Wkr. Nyct. 115 . . . 18 f

perstriata Pmps. Met. 509 . . 78 h

petavia Stoll Eup. 145

petax Wllgr. Azyg. 545

petiveri Guer. Nud. 324

Pettigramma 198

pexa Pmps. Ox. 494

phaeax Jord. Lob. 327

phaedra Weym. Rhod . 109. . . 16 c

phaedusa Dry. Lob. 327 . . . 53 c

phaedusa Lobob. 314

phaedusa- orientis le Cerf Lobob. 227

Phaegorista Bsd. 89

pbaeobasis Pmps. Synt. 45 . . 3 h

phaeocraspis Cten. 83

phaeocraspis Pmps. Cel. 64 . . 8 e

phaeocraspis Pmps. Croc. 85 .lie

phaeocraspis Pmps. Lith. 82 . 10 k

phaeomera Pmps. Anom. 25

phaeopera Pmps. Lith. 82

phaeophlebia Pmps. Baz. 130

phaeoptera Pmps. Met. 53 . . 6 c

phaeosericea Mab. Das. 179

Phaeosina Gd. 433

phaeozana Zerny Synt. 44

Phalacropteryx 481

Phalacrotliyris Warr. 291

Phalaena 402

Phalaenae 15

Phalera, Pbn. 417

Phalera 401

Pharmacophagus 12, 19

phasiana Btlr. Das. 171 . 23 i

Phasicnecus 307

Phasicnecus 478

phasma Btlr. Thyr. 50

Phassus 554

Phauda 19

Pliaudinae 24

Phaudinae 445

phegea Synt. 12, 41, 44, 45

pheosia Pmps. Das. 168 . . . 23 g

Phiala Wllgr. 298

phidias Weym. Nud. 322 . . . 51 a

Pliilampelinae 371
Philea 74

Philenora Rosenst. 66

phileta Dry. Car. Ill . 18 a

Pliilosamia 13, 315
Philotherma Mschlr. 227
Philotherma 10, 13, 315
phlebitis Pmps. Cro. 135 . . . 20 e

phlebodes Karsch Lat. 465 . . 74 h

Phlebodicha Karsch 449
Phlyctaenogastra Gd. 94
phoca Pmps. Das. 186
phocea Drc. Pach. 244
Phoenicia Pmps. Synt. 44 . . . 3 e

phoenicophora Pmps. Rhod. 493
phoenix Oken Hipp. 381

Plat.

pholidota Meyr. Gorg. 558
Phorma Karsch 467
Phorma 457
Phragmataecia 540, 546
Phragmatobia Steph. 94
Phragmatobia 12
Phragniatoecia Newm. 548
Phragmatoecioides Strd. 548
phragmatoecioides Rothsch. Turn.

427 . 71 b

phricosticha B.-Bak. Trid. 497

Phryganopsis 80
Phryganopsis Fldr. 86
Phryganopteryx Saalm. 110
Phycitomorpha Janse 426

phylax Per. Das. 167 . 21 h

Phyllalia Wkr. 296

Phyllalia 221

Phyllaliodes Pmps. 417

phyllis R. & J. Plat. 364 . . . 62 e

phyllocampa Trim. Hopl. 421 . 70 d

Phylloxiphia 363

Phylloxiphia R. & J . 369

pia Strd. Lith. 79 . 10 b

piabilis Dist. Plat. 364

picarina Wkr. Sab. 301 . . . . 43 b

piceosignata Bril. Amph. 113 . 18 c

picta Bsd. Lac. 141 . 21 a

picta Btlr. Pach. 188
picta Risama 489

picta Schs. & Cl. Casph. 743 . . 75 h

picta Wkr Lat. 465 . 74 g

pictipennis Strd. Clan. 483 . . . 72 h

pictipes Pmps. Lepid. 518
picturata Griinb. Brau. 246
Pidorus 20

pieridoides Cyclos. 21

pieroides Chalcosia 19

pilosa Pmps. Lith. 83

pinastri Hyloic. 354

pindarus Fawc. Xyl. 547 . . . 79 h

pinguis Saalm. Macr. 454 . . . 73 f

piniarius Bupalus 20, 113

pinodes B.-Bak. Ar. 153

piperita Oberth. Ur. 389

pira Drc. Phas. 309

Pirga Aur. 156

pirgula Per. Mar. 158 . . . . 22 h

Pirgula Tessm. 125
Pirgulina Per. 125

pista Per. Das. 167 . 21 h

pithyocampa Cr. Pach. 243

placida Btlr. Phil. 66 . 8 g

placidus Obeith. Hyps. 397
plagialis Gd. Rhod. 492 . . . . 76 f
plagiata R. & J . Praed. 362
plagiata Wkr. Das. 173 . . . . 21 f
plagiata Wkr. Temn. 374
plagiatus Aur. Phas. 307
plagifera Gd. Met. 508 . . . . 78 h

plagifera Nyctem. 13

plagiogramma Mab. Pach. 246

Plagiosella Pmps. 496

plagosa Rothsch. Chad. 420

plana Asota 88

plana Faivc. Eup. 143

plana Wkr. Metisa 484

plana Wichgr. Nyct. 115

planax Jord. Othr. 138 . . . . 19d,e

planissima Wllgr. Lith. 82

platensis Oiket. 483

platti Janse Desm. 414 . . . . 69 g

Platyprepia 61

Platysphinx R. & J. 363

platyuriformis Pmps. Con. 526

plebeja Karsch Par. 454 . . . 73 f

plebeja Wallgr. A pi. 471
plenifascia Rbl. Diss. 390
Pletoneura Bryk 24
Pletura Wllgr. 472

pleurosticta Pmps. Er. 47 . . . 4 c

Pliniola Strd. 77

plotzi Per. Das. 186 . 27 c

Plat.

ploetzi Plotz Epiph. 317 . . . 48 a

ploetzi Epiph. 315

ploetzi Sch.&Cl. Zin. 456 . . 73 h

ploetzi Strd. Synt. 44
plumbea Pmps. Past. 76
plumicornis Btlr. Bun. 320
plumicornis Btlr. Clem. 69 . . 8 k

plumicornis Corac. 69
plumigera Btlr. Dor. 23
plumigera Doratopt. 24
plumipes Drury Nin. 26 ... If

plumitarsus Janse Pol. 441 . . 72 g

plumosa Pmps. 134
plumosa Mab. Phry. 86
plurimaculata Warr. Gorg. 558 80 h

pluripunetata Mab. Phil. 66
plusioides Wkr. Beral. 225

pluto Per. Das. 176 . 27 c

podocarpi Aur. Jon. 257
Podosesia Mschlr. 522

poecila Per. Das. 167 . 21 h

poecila Jord. Arn. 27 . 1 i

poecila R.&J. Dov. 360 . . . 61 e

Poecilarctia Aur. 103
Poecilocampa 208

poecilosticta Griinb. Cra. 223 . 30 c

polana Drc. Cos. 450 . 73 b

Polelassothys Janse 441

polia Per. Das. 173 . 24 b

polia Rothsch. Temn. 376
poliades R. & J. Poly. 365
Poliana R.&J. 359
Polienus Dist. 435
Poliodes R.&J. 370
polioplaga Pmps. Loph. 84

polioplaga Pmps. Sten. 430 . . 71 d
Poliosia Pmps. 85
poliostrota Pmps. Som. 416
poliotis Pmps. Das. 183
poliotis Pmps. Nola 62 ... . 8 b

polita Dist. Phia. 299 . 41 h

Pollanisus Wkr. 35
Pollanisus 20, 21

pollux Per. Das. 168 . 21 i

Poloma Wkr. 296

polydora Drc. Tar. 236 . . . . 32 b

polyhymnia Desm. 412

Polymena Swh. 189

polymita Synt. 19

Polymona Wkr. 189

polymorpha Aur. Jana 304

polyoplaga Pmps. Xyl. 546

Polyptychus Pbn. 364

Polypiychus 356, 358

pomona Weym. Dec. 338

Pompelon 20

Pompostola Pbn. 26

Pompostolinae 25

Pompostolinae 445

ponga Plotz Myops. 43

populi Amorpha 354, 356, 490

populi Poecil. 208

populifolia Gastrop. 13, 490

porphyria Poll. Mall. 273 . . . 39 c

porrima Poll. Chion. 73

Porthesaroa Per. 151

Porthesia Steph. 139

Porthesia 129, 130, 402

postalba Swh. Das. 169

postalbida Gd. Seir. 105 . . . . 15 e

postalbida Rbl. Ams. 102
postalbidum Schs. Tar. 238
postaurantia Rothsch. Leuc. 417
postflavida Pmps. Coen. 462 . 74 b

postfusca Pmps. Das. 182
postica Wkr. Gon. 257 . . . . 37 a

postica Wkr. Hopl. 421 . . . . 70 e

postica Wkr. Pseud. 363 . . . 62 c

posticata Strd. Phil. 227 . . . 31 a

postmedialis Strd. Phia. 300 . . 44 e

postpura Pmps. Das. 182
postrosea Pmps. Orn. 30
Potidaea Wllgr. 371

INDEX.

589

Plat.

praedicta R.&J. Xanth. 359
praedicta Xantkop. 355
Praedora R. & J . 361
Praedora 359

praefica Saalm. Nola 62 . . .

praestans Saalm. Num. 155
prasina Btlr. Das. 178
prasina Btlr. Taeda 449 ....
pratti Kenr. Lech. 220 ....

pratti Kenr. Scalm. 404 ....

preciosa Aur. Ja. 303 .

preussi Aur. Bal. 55 .....

preussi Aur. Phas. 307 ....

preussi v. d. E. Par. 463
preussi Gd. Ap. 52
preussi Karsch Temn. 376
preussi Mab. Abyn. 188 22 k,

preussi Abyn. 129, 193
preussi Stgr. Nud. 324
pretoriae Dist. Chion. 72 . . .
pretoriae Dist. Tiss. 294 . . .

pretoriana Wichgr. Phia. 299
princei Griinb. Leuc. 417. . . .
princeps Aur. Par. 463
princeps le Cerf Nud. 321
prionites R. & J . Poly. 366 . .

priscilla Autom. 448

privata Gd. Arg. 407 .

privata Her. Hyal. 139
privata Her. Lac. 141
privata Wkr. Sec. 114
privativa Her. Lat. 466 ....
Proaegonia le Cerf 536
Probalintha Wkr. 454
problematica Her. Das. 174 . .
problematica Strd. Agyll. 77 . .
proboscidea Guer. Lei. 249 . .

proboscifera Strd. Lei. 249
Procanthia Hmps. 107
procincta Saalm. Das. 179 . .

procridia Hmps. Epit. 47 . . .
procrioides Btlr. Epiz. 29
Procris 20, 21
Prodenia 11
Prodonestis Holl. 255
producta Wkr. Cat. 233 31 e,

producta Wkr. Portk. 139 . . .
progonia Hmps. Man. 73 . . .

Prolatoia Aur. 470
Prolatoia 448

proleprota Hmps. Das. 182
proletaria Holl. Das. 179 . . .

proletaria Strd. Nyct. 116 . . .
proleuca Hmps. Erem. 544
proleuca Hmps. Lith. 82. . . .
prolixa Wllgr. Cror. 135
promelaena Holl. Stra. 134 . .

prometheus Drap. Ckrys. 389
promissa Her. Lac. 159
prompta Wkr. Ber. 225
Proneca 63

propensa Her. Das. 169 ....
propinqua Holl. Desm. 413
propinquestria Strd. Ja. 303 . .
propyria Hmps. Par. 533
Proschalipkora Hmps. 107
prospera Her. Das. 182 ....
Prosternidia Saalm. 455
protecta Her. Lae. 163
Proterozeuxis Warr. 496
prothoracalis Strd. Scr. 423
protocharis Mschlr. Bas. 380
Protogenes Saalm. 211
protracta H.-Schdff. Gastr. 233

pros Ksch. Orth. 344 .

proxantha Holl. Mar. 157 . . .
pruinosa Btlr. Stilp. 131
pruinosa Griinb. Nor. 283
pruinosa Her. Lym. 194 . . .

pruinosa Joan. Ter. Ill . . . .
prussi Karsch Par. 463 . . . .

pyrocera Hmps. Sura 532
Psalis Hbn. 197

8 b

73 a
29 f

68 g

43 d
7 d
47 a

23 a

9 b
42 a
44 f
70 a

63 d

69 a

75 a

24 c
9 i
34 d

24 g
4 e

35 d
20 h
9 d

24 g

18 g

10 i
20 c

23 g
45 b

24 i

59 e
22 i

25 g
16 k
74 f

Plat.

Psalisodes Hmps. 422

psecas Drc. Cleapa 422

psectripkora Dist. Cten. 83 . . 11 d

Pselaphelia Aur. 335

Pseudacraea 10

Pseudantheraea Weyrn. 333

Pseudapkelia Ky. 337

P.seudaphelia 313

Pseudapiconoma Aur. 52, 54

Pseudarctia B.-Bak. 132

pseudatomaria Strd. Pkia. 300 . 45 a

Pseudenyo Holl. 377

Pseudlepista 74, 85

Pseudlepista Hmps. 75

Pseudmelisa Hmps. 56

Pseudobarobata Gd. 438

Pseudocallimorpha Oberth. 114

Pseudoclanis R. & J. 363

pseudoconvolvuli Herse 358

pseudolacipa Her. Lae. 163 . . 27 h

Pseudoludia Strd. 340

Pseudolyra Aur. 263

Pseudolyra 277

Pseudomantria B.-Bak. 466

Pseudomelittia le Cerf 533

Pseudometa Aur. 261

Pseudonaclia Btlr. 48

pseudopylas Rothsch. Temn. 376 66 a

Pseudorethona Janse 409

pseudosatanas Her. Das. 183 . 25 b

Pseudoscrancia Strd. 423

Pseudoscrancia 403

Pseudosmerinthus Btlr. 364

Pseudostracilla Her. 124

pseudostrigina Rotlisch. Ja. 303

Pseudothymara Rbl. 23

Psichotoe Bsd. 41

Psilogramma 356

Psilura 127

Psithyrus Hbn. 378

Psycharium H.-Schdff. 445

psyche le Cerf Az. 546

Psyche Schr. 485

Psychidae 481

Psychidae 39, 387, 445

Psychinae 484

Psychinae 482

Psychoidinae 486

Pteredoa Hmps. 133

Pteredoa 132

Pterocerota Hmps. 124

pteropkorina Mab. Trick. 43 . . 3d

Pterostoma 401

Pterothysanidae 123

Pterothysanus 14, 15, 61, 123

ptiloscelis Meyr. Hep 554

Ptilura Holl. 407

pubescens Swh. Lac. 142

pudibunda Das. 179

pudicula Gn. Rhod. 491

puella Bsd. Pseud. 48 .... 5 a

puella Btlr. Hyl. 117

puella Btlr. Lemb. 468 . . . . 75 d

puella Drc. Spil. 98

puella F. Rhod. 108

pulchella Erasmia 20

pulchella Guer. Neur. 29

pulchella L. Ut. 93

pulchella Uteth. 11

pulchelloides Hmps. Ut. 93 . . 12 b

pulcherrima Her. Das. 169 . . 21 i

pulckerrima Rothsch. Odont. 377

pulchra Aur. Bal. 54 . 7 a

pulchra Aur. Lech. 219 . . . . 29 f
pulchra Btlr. Calosck. 123
pulchra Btlr. Syt. 33 . 2 i

pulchra le Cerf Epis. 518
pulchra R.& J. Lept. 364
pulchra Swh. Das. 169
pulchripes Aur. Das. 173
pulchristriatum B.-Bak. Tar. 241

pulla Strd. Ber. 224 . 30 c

pulverata Hmps. Sec. 114 . . . 18 e

Plat.

pulverata Strd. Nept. 116
pulverea Dist. Lac. 142 . . . . 20 i
pulverea Dist. Phiala 299
pulverea Hmps. Met. 53 ... 6 g

pulverea Hmps. Par. 432 . . . 71 f

pulverosa Aur. Lith. 80 . . . . 10 f
pulverulenta Hmps. Desm. 411
pulverulenta Hmps. Gym. 550
pulverulentus J.& T. Phas. 308

pumila Bsd . Micr. 377 . 66 a

pumila Btlr. Nolip. 152 . . . . 22 f
pumila Hmps. Met. 53 .... 6 c

pumila Sn. Cel. 64
pumilum Micr. 356
punctata Gd. Alen. 418 . . . . 70 b
punctata Hmps. Palaeos. 68
punctata Hmps. Phil. 66 ... 8 g

puncticincta Holl. Myops. 43 . 3 c

puncticosta Strd. Lei. 248
punctifascia Wkr. Anad. 259 . 37 b

punciifascia Wkr. Eriog. 241
punctifasciata Gd. Est. 99
punctifera Gd. Arct. 543 . . . 79 e

punctifera Lith. 82
punctifera Mab. Bor. 268
punctifera Riel Gastr. 274
punctifera Wkr. Das. 166

punctifera Wkr. Eup. 145 . . . 22 b
punctiferum Riel Gastr. 241
punctigera Fldr. Sicc. 69
punctigera Houlst. Parad. 396
punctilimbata Strd. Mall. 273 . 39 c

punctilinea Wkr. Phiala 298
punctilineata Hmps. Lith. 80 . 10 f

punctillata Saalm. Lib. 266 . . 37 e
punctipennis Strd. Pseud. 263
punctipennis Wllgr. Sicc. 69 . . 8 i

punctistriata Btlr. Lith. 80 . . 10 f

punctistriga Weym. Taeda 449
punctivitta Wkr. Cre. 104 . . . 15 d
punctulata Aur. Ber. 225
punctulata Aur. Pack. 243
punctulata Btlr. Lae. 159 . . . 23 b
punctulata Holl. Lei. 248
punctulata Pag. Phia. 300 . . 41 h

punctulata Wkr. Pect. 543
punctulata Wllgr. Spil. 95 . . . 12 c
punctuligera Aur. Lael 216 . . 29 c
punctuligera Mab. Anch. 263
punctum Gd. Fent. 421 . . . 70 d

punctum Rothsch. Lib. 363
pupillata Strd. Lud. 342 . . . 59 b

pura Btlr. Est. 99 . 13 h

pura W.&R. Ber. 224 .... 30 e
pura Chalcosia 19
purata Wkr. Sec. 114
purissima Her. Stilp. 130 . . . 20 a
purpurascens Aur. Pack. 269. . 38 e
purpurata Wichgr. Hopl. 305
purpurea Her. Del. 462 . . . . 74 c
purpuripulchra v. d. E. Chrys. 457
purpuripulcra Chrys. 451
purpuripulcra Karsch Chrys. 451 73 b
pusilana Strd. Lith. 83 .... 11 d

pusilla Aur. Taede 449
pusilla Fldr. Odont. 377 . . . 66 b

pusillata Warr. Rhod. 492
pusillima Strd. Met. 54
pusillima Strd. Porth. 139
Pusiola Wllgr. 86
Pusiolania Strd. 86

pustularia Wkr. See. 114 ... 18 d

pustulata Wllgr. Lith. 68
putilla Saalm. Porth. 140

putris Her. Eup. 145 . 28c

Pydna Wkr. 436
Pygaera O. 406
Pygaera 401, 402, 498, 501
Pygaerina Gd. 425

pygarga Ksch. Poly. 365. . . . 63 b
pygatula Strd. Met. 509 . . . . 78 h
pygela Drc. Cin. 330
pygmaea B.-Bak. Staphi. 24

590

INDEX.

Plat.

pygmaea M. & W. Cin. 330 . . 55 b
pygmaea Wkr. Bup. 145. . . .22 c
pygmaea Wkr. Lampr. 76
pygmula Oberth. Cer. 42
pygmala Strd. Ber. 225
pylades R.&'J. Team. 376 . . 66 a

pylas Cr. Temn. 376 . 66 a

pyralidia Hmps. Archin. 63 . . 8 d

Pyrameis 11, 353
Pyramocera Sivli. 196
Pyranthrene Hmps. 534
pyrethra Hmps. Syn. 521
pyrina Zeuz. 501, 540
pyrocausta Hmps. Sus. 456 . . 73 h
pyrocraspis Hmps. Mon. 520
pyrophora Hmps. Horn. 535
pyropis Hmps. Mel. 529
pyrosoma Btlr. Mir. 469 . . . 75 d

pyrosoma Hmps. Das. 183
pyrosoma Hmps. Tip. 519
pyrosomoides Holl. Cten. 452
pyrrhotricha Karsch Gal. 420
pythes Drc. Par. 534
pvtna Drc. Das. 171

Q.

quadra Oeon. 76, 82, 87, 129
quadrangula Gd. Ter. 511 . . . 78 i
quadrangularis Christ. Amicta 485
quadrifascia B.-Bak. Eup. 144
quadriguttata Aur. Met. 507
quadrilunata Hmps. Spil. 97 . .12 h
quadrimacula Mab. Thyr. 49 . 4 h

quadrimaculata Heyl. Cel. 64
quadrimaculata Janse Ar. 154
quadrimaculata Zy. Ap. 51
quadrinotata Wkr. Tigr. 85
quadriplagata Pag. Ar. 153
quadripunctata Aur. Sten. 103 15 b

quadripunctata Callim. Ill
quadripunctata Dew. Lac. 142 . 20 i
quadripunctata Gd. Scr. 425 . . 70 i
quadripunctata Rothsch. Pbryg. 87
quadripunctata Wkr. Phil. 67
quadripunctata Wichgr. Ter. 110 16 g
quadripunctata Wllgr. Bra. 164 23 d
quadrisignatula Strd. Met. 54
quagga Strd. Amph. 113 ... 18 c

quercifolia Gastr. 211
quercus Mar. 356
quilimanensis Strd. Nud. 66
quilimania Par. Aem. 68
quilimanicola Strd. Nud. 66
quinquemacula Mab. Dys. 49 4 i

quinquemaculata Gd. Arct. 35 . 2 k

quinquepuncta Hmps. Loph. 525
quinquepunctata Mschlr. Das. 169 23 g
quinquepunctata Wkr. Phil. 67
quinquepunctata Wichgr. Lad. 125
quinquepunctatum Mab. Macr. 67
quinquestriata Strd. Niph. 468 . 75 d

IS.

radama Coqu. Hyps. 397
radei Dew. Chrys. 209
radiata Aur. Diast. 431
radiata B.-Bak. Anth. 433
radiata Ksch. Temn. 373 ... 65 d

radiata Warr. Beg. 498
radiosa Drc. Spil. 95
radiosa Pag. Ac. 101
rafflesiae Eusch. 15, 16
raffrayi Oberth. Neph. 372
Rarnesa Wkr. 434
ramiculata Warr. Trid. 497
ramivitta Wkr. Creat. 104
amosa Hmps. Maen. 99

Plat.

rangei Gd. Phly. 94 . 12 c

rangei Gd. Tar. 235 . 32 b

ranzani Bert. Neph. 372
Raphipeza Btlr. 211
rosana Mab. Nyct. 115
Rasphele Bsd. 364

rattrayi Hmps. Spil. 96 . . . . 12 g
rattrayi Rothsch. Bal. 55 ... 7 d, e

rattrayi Rothsch. Neph. 372
rattrayi Rothsch. Spil. 97
rattrayi Rothsch. Temn. 375
rattrayi Swh. Nyct. 116
rauana Strd. Call. 544

rava Drc. Spil. 96 . 12 f

rava Karsch. Met. 509

rava Luc. Thum. 71

rebeli Gd. Pseud. 336

rebeli R.&'J. Hipp. 382 . . . 67 b

rebuti Pouj. Lym. 193

rectangulata Gd. Sten. 430 . . 71 d

rectangulata Kenr. Par. 110 . . 16 f

rectangulata Rothsch. Neph. 373

rectangulatus Wich. Coss. 542

rectifascia Rothsch. Epiph. 317 . 48 b

rectilinea Gd. Hop]. 422 . . . . 70 e

rectilinea Gd. Scalm. 405 . . . 68 h

rectilinea Ob. Nud. 326

rectilineata Aur. 01. 231 . . . . 31 d

rectilineata Aur. Pach. 242 . . 40 b

rectilineata South. Nud. 322
rectistriga le Cerf Ber. 277
recurvata Hmps. Zin. 456
recurvata Warr. Ur. 389
redlichi Weym. Lob. 329
Redoa Wkr. 136

reducta Her. Biith. 459 . . . . 74 a
reducta Her. Bra. 164
reducta Mab. Stict. 48 ... . 4 f

reducta Rbl. Nud. 326
reducta Seitz Synt. 44

reducta Wkr. 01. 231 . 31 c

reductus Karsch Pol. 367
regalis Citheron. 349
regalis Rbl. Imbrasia 332

regia Aur. Gon. 258 . 40 c

regia Grunb. Schau. 251 . . . . 34 e
reginula Saalm. Par. 463 . . . 74 e
regularis Strd. Lei. 248 . . . . 34 c

reimeri Gd. Ac. 485 . 72 i

reimeri Strd. Horn. 132 . . . . 28 g
rejecta Wkr. Chion. 73 ... . 81

remota Drc. Das. 179
rendalli Dist. Homoch. 150
rendalli Dist. Synt. 46 .... 4 a

rendalli Rothsch. Ap. 52 ... . 6 e

rendalli Rothsch. Nud. 322
renda.lliana Gd. Nud. 322

rennei Deiv. Phil. 229 . 40 b

repandum Hbn. Tar. 236
replana Lith. 78

resecta H.-Schaff. Cer. 42 . . . 3 a

respersa Saalm. Roes. 63
restricta Btlr. Nyct. 115 . . . 18 f

restricta Dist. Chrys. 478 . . . 76 c
restricta Hmps. Lith. 78
Rethona Wkr. 550

reticolens Btlr. Cer. 335 . . . . 57 c
reticolens South. Cer. 336
reticulata Gd. Leb. 502 . . . . 78 a
reticulata Hmps. Phragm. 548
reticulata Hmps. Sec. 114
reticulata Janse Sal. 504
reticulata Wkr. An. 397 . . . . 68 d
reticulosana Strd. Met. 509 . . 78 g

retusus R. & J . Poly. 367 . . . 63 f
reussi Strd. Coss. 541 . 79 b

reussi Strd. Pachym. 269
reussi Strd. Pliia. 298
reussi Strd. Pol. 367
reutlingeri Holl. Eup. 149
reutlingeri Holl. Temn. 376
reutlingeri Holl. Synt. 47
rhabdophora Hmps. Pyd. 437 . 72 b

Plat.

rhadama Bsd. Neph. 372
rhadamistus F. Poly. 366 . . . 63 c
Rhadinopasa Karsch 362
Rhadinopsis Ky. 362
Rhamphoschisma Wllgr. 378
Rhaphipeza 208
Rhenea Saalm. 416
Rhinobombyx Aur. 247
Rhinobombyx 215, 251
Rhodafra R.&J. 380

rhodalipha Fldr. Acl. 192 . . . 26 d
rhodapicata Holl. Heter. 189
rhodaula Meyr. Dal. 556
rhodea Hmps. Acl. 191 . . . . 26 c
rhodeosemena Anth. 402
rhodeosemena B.-Bak. Anth.

432 . 71 f

Rhodesana B -Bak. 164
rhodesi B.-Bak. Parad. 396
rhodesiana Hmps. Spil. 98 . . 13 d

rhodesiensis Hmps. Dal. 555
rhodesiensis Janse Hoi. 340
rhodia Drc. Cham. 524
Rhodia Warr. 107

rhodina Rottenb. Nud. 324 — 51 b

Rhodinia 315
Rhodogastria Hbn. 108
Rhodoneura Gn. 491
rhodopepla Fldr. Lym. 194
rhodophaea Wkr. Ter. 110 . . 16 g

rhodophila Wkr. Nud. 325 . . 53 a

rhodophora Mab. Lym. 196
rhodoptera Gerst. Hopl. 305 . . 45 d
rhodostriata Hmps. Chion. 72 . 9 a

rhomboidea Weym. Sar. 92 . . 17

rhopalum Her. Das. 177 ... 27

Rliynchobombyx Aur. 276
Rhynehoferella 473
Rliynchophalera Aur. 418

rhynchiiformis Wkr. Alon. 527
Rliypopterix Aur. 198
Rliypteira Holl. 450
richelmanni Weym. Nud. 323 . 50

richelmanni Weym. Pach. 244
Rigema Wkr. 434

ringleri Wichgr. Nud. 326 ... 53
ripheus Chrysir. 69, 388
Risema 489

rivata Hmps. Desm. 412

rivularis Gd. Eup. 147 .... 22

rivularis Hmps. Lae. 159

rivulosa Wkr. Milt. 70 .... 8

robleti Mab. Spil. Ill

robusta Aur. Pach. 269 .... 38

robusta Her. Lac. 142 .... 28

robusta Janse Lae. 161

robusta Wkr. Das. 165

I'ocana Swli. Das. 171

Rodolpliia le Cerf 525

Roeselia Hbn. 63

rogenhoferi Heyl. Mon. 487 . . 72

rogenhoferi Monda 482
rogersi B.-Bak. Lae. 160
roliani le Cerf Nyct. 532

rohdei Aur. Pach. 243 . 33

rorida Her. Eup. 148 . 28

rosa Drc. Phil. 227 . 40

rosacea Btlr. Acr. 306 . . . . 46 c

rosae Btlr. Hipp. 382 . 67 b

rosae Btlr. Nept. 373 . 65 b

rosea Aur. Dec. 338 . 51 c

rosea B.-Bak. Macr. 458 . . . 73 i

rosea Bouv. Nud. 321

rosea Btlr. Lym. 194

rosea Btlr. Terac. Ill

rosea Macropl. 470

rosea Schs. Lael. 158

rosea South. Lob. 328

roseata Rothsch. Ja. 303

roseicornis R. <fc J. Poli. 370 . . 64 c

roseicoxa Kenr. Stilp. 131 . . . 20 a

roseipennis Btlr. Hipp. 381 . . 67 b

roseitincta Janse Pyg. 407 . . 68 i

bfirO O rO O ^ .rH bfi C$

Bosema 14

roseobrunnea Gd. Pseud. 336
roseobrunnea Bothsch. Hopl. 304
roseofasciata Aur. Chrys. 478 .

roseola Clk. Poly. 367 ....

roseomarginata Bothsch. Rhod. 108

roseus Drc. Pbas. 307 .

roseus Drc. Poly. 367 .

rosinaria Hmps. Chad. 420 . .

rostrifera Warr. Rhod. 493
rosulenta B. <Sc J. Leuc. 364
rothi Bothsch. Est. 100 ....

rothi Boilisch. Rbod. 108 . . .

rothi Warr. Strigl. 495
rothschildi Aur. Gon. 256 . . .
rothschildi le Cerf Nud. 321 . .
Bothschildia 313
rotunda Doll. Eup. 149
rotunda Warr. Epip. 392 . . .

rotundata Her. Mir. 469 . . .

rougemonti Heyl. Gyn. 550
roxana Fawc. Pach. 277 ...

Ruanda Strd. 135
ruandana Grunb. Nud. 323 . .

ruandana Her. Homoch. 150
ruberrima Bothsch. Hem. 302
rubicunda Mob. Synt. 45
rubicund ula Strd. Met. 54
rubiginosaria Tornos 402
rubra Bouv. Nud. 325
rubra Wkr. Met. 52
rubribasa B.-Bak. Met. 53 . .

rubriceps Mab. Cary. 112
rubriceps Boghf. Lex. 70
rubricincta Holl. Bal. 55 ... .
rubricollis Hmps. Euchr. 57
rubricosta Fawc. Eup. 148
rubricosta Her. Das. 167 . . .

rubricostalis Ky. Lobob. 328
rubrifascia Hmps. Pyd. 437 . .
rubrifemora B.-Bak. Ac. 101
rubrifilata Hmps. Das. 182
rubrifusalis Hmps. Altha 461
rubrifuscalis v. d. E. Altha 461
rubripicta Hmps. Syn. 521
rubripuncta Hmps. Met. 54 . .
rubripunctata Weym. Acl. 191 .
rubristriga Holl. Chion. 72 . .

rubritermina B.-Bak. Chion. 72
rubriterminalis Strd. Chion. 72
rubritincta Hmps. Pyd. 436 . .
rubritincta Hmps. Synt. 45 . .

rubrivena Hmps. Phia. 301
rubriventris Aur. Phaeg. 89
rubriventris Holl. Sal. 32
rubroanalis Wichgr. Gastr. 275
rubroguttata Aur. Eup. 144
rubrolineata B.-Bak. Met. 54
rubrosignata Fitch. IJt. 93
rubrostriata Aur. Bal. 54 . . .
rubroviridis Her. Lym. 196 . .

rubrovitta Aur. Met. 54 ...

rudis Aur. Macr. 541 .

rudis Wkr. Chrys. 477 ....

rudis Wkr. Par. 464
rufa B.-Bak. Troch. 466 . . .

rufa Gd. Met. 508
rufa Joic. Spil. 98
rufarium B.-Bak. Tar. 236
rufeola Hmps. 78
rufescens Aur. Gastr. 274 . . .
rufescens Her. Het. 189
rufescens Hmps. Dal. 555 . . .

rufescens Hmps. Micr. 150
rufescens le Cerf Malg. 522 . .

rufescens Wkr. Met. 53 ... .
rufescens Wichgr. Phil. 228
rufibasalis Her. Par. 454. . . .
ruficata Swh. Das. 179
ruficauda Bothsch. Sura 532 . .
ruficeps Hmps. Tetr. 459 . . .

ruficilia Hmps. Staph. 24
ruficincta Fldr. Mel. 531

INDEX.

591

Plat.

57 d

76 d
63 d
16 b
47 a
63 e
70 c

14 g
16 b

36 a
49 c

67 h
75 e

39 e

52 a
28 c

6 h

5 e

21 i
72 1

6 i
26 d
9 b
9 b

72 b
3 h

22 b

6 i

7 a
25 h

6 i
79 a
76 a

75 b

39 c

80 f

77 c
6 e

73 c

77 h

74 a

Plat.

ruficincta Hmps. Trich. 536
ruficollis Strd. Ocin. 283 . . . 41 a

ruficornis Aur. Chon. 207
ruficosta B.-Bak. Das. 179
ruficosta Hmps. Anth. 432 . . 71 g

rufidorsis Ploiz Sal. 31
rufifemur Wkr. Pol. 189 . . . 26 b

rufifemur Wkr. Rhod. 109 . . 16 f

rufifrons Bothsch. Chion. 72 . . 9 a

rufilinea B.-Bak. Par. 453 . . . 73 c

rufina Obertli. Synt. 46 ... . 3 h

rufipennis Strd. Terac. 110
rufipes Hmps. Parad. 70
rufisquamata Hmps. 427
rufiterga Hmps. Eup. 143
rufiterga Hmps. Red- 136

rufithorax Hmps. Leb. 502 . . 78 a

rufithorax le Cerf Epit. 520 . . 77 b
rufitibia Hmps. Sura 532
rufitincta Hmps. Lith. 81 . . . 10 i
rufivena Her. Andr. 471 . . . 75 g

rufobrunnea Aur. Gon. 257
rufobrunnea Strd. Lei. 248 . . 34 c

rufodiscalis Bothsch. God. 92 . 18 a

rufodorsa Hmps. Mel. 530
rufofasciata Bothsch. Lith. 80 . 10 e

rufofusca Mab. Lym. 195
rufopallens Hmps. Macr. 459 . 73 i

rufopunctata Wkr. Eup. 143 . 22 a

rufopunctata Wkr. Eupr. 140
rufostria Plotz As. 71
rufotincta Her. Acl. 191 . . . 26 c

rufotincta Kenr. Das. 180
rufotincta Strd. Ber. 225
rufovittata Aur. Anth. 433 . . 71 h

rufula Hmps. Orth. 506
rufula Hmps. Scalm. 404

rugosa Wkr. Cos. 450 . 73 b

ruptilinea Holl. Das. 166 . . . 21 e

ruptimacula Teara 128

russa Jord. Lud. 341

rustica Strd. Hoploj. 304

rusticana Her. Lym. 193 . . . 25 e

rutherfordi Drc. Centr. 383 . . 67 d

S.

saalniiilleri Btlr. Chion. 73
saalmulleri Mschlr. Cent. 383
saalmulleri Bothsch. Phryg. 110
saalmulleri Bothsch. Rhod. 109
Saalmiilleria Mab. 501
Sabalia Wkr. 301
sabalina Bbl. Phia. 301 . . .
sabrina Drc. Ber. 226 ....
sabulifera Cosm. 11
sabulosa Bothsch. Tag. 335
sacalavus Mab. Occ. 483
saclavorum Bsd. Hipp. 381 .

sagenaria Wllgr. Asu. 71. . .
sagittata Gel. Desm. 411 . .

sagittata Gd. Dig. 90 ... .
sagittata Gd. Scr. 424 . . .

sagittiphora Her. Das. 176

said Ob. Nud. 326 .

sahariensis Bothsch. Anad. 261
Salae Heyl. Chal. 486
Salagena Wkr. 504
Salagena 198
Salamis 9

salammbo Vuil. Cer. 250 . .

solids Stilpn. 402
Saliunca Wkr. 31
Saliimcella Jord. 34
Saloe Wkr. 90
Salus 313

sambucaria Urapter. 389
sandakana Drt. Lith. 83
sangaride Cur. 113
sanguebarica Obertli. Bun. 320
sanguicincta Aur. Pach. 272 .

9 c

16 d

4o a
30 e

67 a
8 m

69 e
17 e

70 h
24 c
53 b

35 e

40 d

Plat.

sanguicincta Pachymet. 278
sanguicosta limps. Horn. 535
sanguicosta Hmps. Lith. 82 .
sanguigutta Hmps. Eup. 143
sanguinica Her. Das. 170
sanguinigutta Gd. Pomp. 26
sanguinipes Strd. Acr. 305 . .
sanguinota Strd. Rhod. 109
sanguipennis Meyr. Par. 534
sansibariensis Strd. Sec. 114 .
sapelensis Aur. Lept. 272
Sapelia Swh. 136
saphira Aur. Nin. 26
saphirina Hmps. Sal. 31
Sarapus 70

sarawaka Btlr. Lith. 82
sarceola Hmps. Lith. 81 . .

sarcistis Hmps. Lac. 142 . .

sarcistoides Her. Lac. 142 . .
sarconota Hmps. Rhod. 108
sarcosoma Hmps. Met. 53
sardane Sonth. Nud. 323
sardanus Wkr. Temn. 374 . .
Sarotliroceras Mab. 92
sarothropyga Fldr. 189
satanas Her. Char. 464 . . .
satanas Her. Das. 182 . . .

satura Karsch Par. 464
saturata Swh. Lom. 190
Saturnia 313
Saturnidae 313
Saturniinae 316
Saturninae 318
saturnioides Carth. 313
saturnus F. Lob. 327
satyrus Her. Eupr. 141 . . .
saussurei Dew. Das. 179 . .

scabiosae Zyg. 20

scalaris F. Az. 545 .

Scalmicauda Holl. 403
Scaptesyle 65

scapulosa Wllgr. Maen. 99
scapulosum Fldr. Tar. 238
scardialis Bbl. Rhod. 492 . .
schaeferi Griinb. Leb. 503 . .
Schalidomitra Strd. 132
schaliphlebia Hmps. Parap. 471
Schausinna Aur. 251
Schausinna 216
schenki Mschlr. Bas. 380 . .

schimperi Luc. Neph. 372
Seiiistissa Aur. 294
Schizura 403

schonheiti Wichgr. Anad. 260
schonheiti Wichgr. Nud- 322
schoutedeni Strd. Care. 74
schraderi Bothsch. Est. 99
schraderi Bothsch. Spil. 96
schiitzei Tessm. Opob. 124
schultzei Aur. Del. 462 . . .
schultzei Aur. Epiph. 318
schultzei Aur. Gastr. 274
schultzei Aur. Gastr. 274
schultzei Aur. Mall. 273 . . .
schultzei Aur. Paral. 503 . .

schultzei Aur. Pseud- 262 . .
schultzei Aur. Trich. 43 . . .
Sciapteron Stgr. 533
scintillans Btlr. Lampr. 26 . .
scioana Ob. Spil. 96 ....

sciron Drc. Acr. 305 ....

Scirrhoma B.-Bak. 460
scita Wkr. Est. 100 ....

scita Wkr. Spil. 98 .

scitaria Wkr. Strigl. 495, 496
scitula Holt. Temn. 376 . . .
Scoliacma 78
Scopelodes 14, 447, 468
scortillum Wllgr. Spil. 95 . .
scotina Her. Das. 176 ....
Scotinochroa Btlr. 450
scotinus B. &: J. Ther. 3S2
Scrancia Holl. 423

. 10 i
. 22 a

. 45 d

. 18 d

. 10 i
. 22 a
. 21 a

. 65 f

. 74 a
. 24 i

. 27 h
. 24 h

. 79 f

. 33 a
. 76 f
. 78 c

. 66 g

. 19 b
. 74 c

. 40 e
. 78 c
. 37 c
3 e

. 12 f
. 45 d

. 14 c
. 13 d

. 66 a

12 d
24 e

592

INDEX.

Plat.

Scrancia 401
Scranciola Gd. 425
screabilis Wllgr. Spil. 98
scribonia Wlljr. Epiph. 318

scm'ra Her. Das. 167 . 21 li

scurrilis Wllgr. Polym. 189
scutaea Strd. Acr. 305
scutellata Wllgr. Soz. 84

secta Strd. Cten. 453 . 73 e

secunda Strd. Phleb. 450 . . . 73 a

securis Hbn. Psal. 197
Secusio Wkr. 113

seineri Grurib. Coss. 542 . . . . 79 c
Seirarctia Pack. 105
Seirarctia 61

seitzi Her. Das. 168 . 23 f

Selagena Hmps. 504
Selenephera 253
Semanopkorae 371
Sematuridi 388
Sematurinae 13
semialba Rbl. Drep. 316
semialba South. Athl. 333

semiaurata Wkr. Pomp. 26 . . If

semicaeca Wkr. Cir. 332
semicalida Hmps. Mir. 469 . . 75 e

semicalida Hmps. Mir. 453
semicamis Janse Dal. 556
seruicirculata Gd. Aeth. 504 . . 78 c
semicurvatus Gd. Coss. 541 . . 79 b
semifasciata Aur. Pach. 270 40 d

semifasciata Gd. Orth. 506 . . 78 f

semifasciata Mob. Micr. 390
semiflava Hmps. Chad- 419
semikyalina Brtl. Spil. 97

semihyalina J.& T. Marb. 157
semikyalina Iiy. Cer. 42 ... 3 b

Semimanatka Janse 484
semimarginata Gd. Ped. 528 . . 77 e
seminigra Hmps. Ams. 103 , . 15 a

seminigra Holt. Cer. 42
seminuda Hmps. Cro. 135
semiochrea Fldr. Lep. 85 ... 11 e

Semioptila Btlr. 22

semipicta Warr. Epip. 392 . . 67 h

semirufa Fldr. Syn. 521
semitessellata Wkr. Can. 495
semnus Karsch Pseud. 363
Semyrilla Aur. 469
senegalensis Clk. Pol. 366
senegalensis le Cerf Erem. 544
senegalensis Ob. Ber. 224
senegalensis Oliv. Irnbr. 332

senex Btlr. Coss. 542 . 79 c

senex Comacla 67
senniger Jord. Poly. 368
sentosa Jord. Good. 343 . . . 59 d

separata Karsch Par. 454 . . . 73 c

separatula Strd. Anom. 25
sepium Bacotia 487
septempunctata Hmps. Dig. 91 17 e

septentrionalis Aur. Am. 28
septiguttata Weym. Orth. 344

serena Karsch Gal. 420 . . . 70 d

seriata Warr. Rkod. 491
seriatopunctata Aur. Nyct. 116 18 g

Sericaria 315

sericaria Her. Lae. 163 . . . . 28 g

sericaria Tams Eup. 145

sericaria Weym. Sab. 302 . . . 43 b

sericea Btlr. Croth. 455

sericea Fldr. Diast. 431

sericea Hmps. Cro. 135 . . . . 20 d

sericea Karsch An. 397

sericea Kenr. Stilp. 131

sericeata Hmps. Pkrag. 548 . . 80 d

sericeofasciata Aur. Pack. 244 . 33 e

serrata Gd. Tkos. 457 . 73 e

serraticornis Warr. Ox. 495 . . 76 h
serratilinea B.-Bak. Par. 464
serratilinea Gn. Nap. 265
serrimargo Strd. Nyct. 116
servula Dysaux. 49

Plat.

sesamioides Hmps. Not. 435 . . 72 a
Sesia 526
Sesiinae 371
Setina 76

setinioides Holl. Lae. 159 . . . 23 b
setinoides Holl. Lael. 135
setioides Fldr. Netr. 27 ... . 1 g

setioides Netr. 32

setipes Plbtz Bybl. 29 .... 2 b

setodiformis Mob. Con. 527
sexguttata Tessm. Opob. 124
sexpunctata Dist. Lac. 142 . . 20 i

sexseriata Holl. Trich. 28
I sexualis Hmps. Tip. 519
seyckellarum Fry. Mak. 69 . . 8 k

seyckellensis Hmps. Nyct. 115 . 18 f
seydeli Tams Pach. 271

shoa Hmps. Synt. 44 . 3 f

Sibine 448
Siccia Wkr. 68
Siccia 66

siccifolia Aur. Lei. 248 . . . . 40 b

Siculidae 489
Siculodes 489
sidae F. God- 92

siderea Her. 134 . 28 d

sierraleonensis Strd. Dudg. 544 79 e

sierricola White Ac. 484

siga Her. Lae. 163 ...... 28 g

sigilata Mab. Epip. 391 . . . . 67 k

sigillata Warr. Rliod. 492

signata Aur. Bor. 267

signata Aur. Rky. 418

signata Strd. Schau. 251 . . . 34 f

signata Wkr. Ar. 153

signicosta Strd. Ocin. 284 . . . 41 a, b

signicostaia Strd. Symph. 498

signifera Holl. Norr. 428

signifera Wkr. Jana 304

signifera Wkr. Nar. 133 . . . . 20 b
signinervis Strd. Ber. 224

sigyna Aur. Phas. 307 . 46 d

sikelis Lethe 20

sikorae Aur. dost. 222 . . . . 30 b

silacea Plotz Met. 54

Simaethistis 489

Similipepsis le Cerf 535

similipuncta Hmps. Lith. 82 . . 10 k

similis Aur. Clirys. 477

similis Aur. Pkia. 298

similis Dist. Cir. 332

similis Dist. Parap. 471 . . . . 75 f

similis Porth. 402

similis Rothsch. Est. 100 . . . 14 b

similis Rothsch. Phas. 307 . . . 47 b

similis 1 Vkr. Pkaeg. 89 .... 17 b

simillima Hmps. Ter. 511
simillima Hmps. Xyl. 547 . . . 79 h

simplex Aur. Az. 546 . 79 g

simplex Aur. Ber. 224 . 30 d

simplex Aur. Pack. 270 . . . . 38 e

simplex Btlr. Micr. 49 .... 4 g

simplex Aur. Pkia. 299 . . . . 47 e

simplex Aur. Synogd. 134
simplex Danais 19

simplex Gd. Eur. 429 . 71 c

simplex Pag. Anad. 261
simplex Rbl. Pseud. 336 . . . 57 d

simplex Strd. Rhynck. 473
simplex Wkr. Diast. 431 . . . 71 e

simplex Wkr. Nyct. 116 ... 19 a

simplex Wkr. Og. 138
simplex Wkr. Spil. 98
simplex Wkr. Synt. 45
simplex Wichgr. Phil. 230
simplicia Maass. Nud. 324
simplicius le Cerf Ter. 511
simulans Btlr. Est. 100 . . . . 14 c
simulans Mab. Litk. 82
sinefascia Hmps. Spil. 97
singulare Aur. Tar. 240 . . . . 32 f
singularis Aur. Paraph. 441
singularis Btlr. Par. 463 . . . 74 e

Plat.

sinica Pryeria 19

sinistra Her. Nipk. 467 . . . . 75 c

sinope Ww. Urot. 332 . . . . 55 d

sinope Urota 314
sinuosa Hmps. Dig. 91

sippia Plbtz Meg. 50 . 5 b

sirius Dist. Synt. 45
Sizalisca Wkr. 416

sjoestedti Aur. Ap. 51 . 6 a

sjoestedti Aur. Eup. 145
sjostedti Aur. Gon. 257 . . . . 36 c
sjoestedti Aur. Lept. 427 . . . 71 a
sjoestedti Aur. Lob. 329
sjoestedti Aur. Prol. 470 . . . 75 e
sjoestedti Aur. Spil. 98 .... 13 e
sjoestedti Aur. Stemm. 421 . . 70 d
sjostedti Aur. Tarag. 239
sjoestedti Aur. Xyl. 546 . . . 80 a

sjoestedti Pericallia 98
sjostedti Prolat. 448
smaragdina B.-Bak. Par. 463
smaragdina Btlr. Pomp. 26 . . 1 g

smaragdinus Btlr. Coss. 542
Smerinthinae 357

smilax Ang. Hoi. 340 . 58 d

smilax Ludia 314, 315

smitki Holl. Good- 343 . . . . 59 c

smitki Warr. Pal. 292

smith ii Holl. Maen. 99

sobria Wkr. Anad. 259

sodalium Aur. Tar. 235

sokotrensis Hmps. Cel. 64 . . . 8 d

sokotrensis Hmps. Litk. 82 . . 10 k

solani Bsd. Coel. 358 . 61 a

solida Ksch. Lae. 162 . 23 a

solida Saalm. Nap. 265 . . . . 37 e

Soloella Gd. 90
soloides Holl. Lae. 162

solora Plbtz Sal. 31 . . 2 f

solora Plbtz Sal. 26
Solus (Salus) 313

soluta Karsch Nipk. 467 . . . 75 c

Somabrachys Ky. 445

somaliensis Hmps. Sec. 114 . . 18 d

somalilensis Strd. Phil. 67
Somara Wkr. 464
Somatoxena Aur. 156
Somera Wkr. 415
Someropsis Strd. 416
Sommeria Hbn. 90

songeana Strd. Dipl. 263 . . . . 37 d
songeana Strd. Tag. 335
sonthonnaxi Weym. Nud. 325

sopliax Drc. Pack. 244

sopkax Drc. Tip. 519

sopponis Strd. Lud. 342

sorana le Cerf Ber. 277

sordida Aur. Lopk. 84

sordida Aur. Phil. 227 . . . . 30 f

sordida Aur. Rhyp. 198 . . . . 26 e

sordida Btlr. Litk. 79 . 10 d

sordida Fldr. Phry. 87

sordida Holl. Rkypt. 450 . . . 73 b

sordida Mab. Gastr. 269

sordida Msclilr. Lae. 160

sordida Pkrygan. 80

sordida Rothsch. Terac. Ill

sordidula Plbtz Rkod. 493

sordidus Rothsch. Sar. 92

soror R.&J. Moor. 379 . . . . 66 d

sororcula Lith. 82, 83

soricis Rothsch. Hopl. 305

Sozusa Wllgr. 84

spadicicorpus Prt. Horn. 535

spargata Her. Das. 170 . . . . 23 k
spargata Holl. Pliil. 230 . . . . 35 e
spargatana Strd. Phil. 230

sparsata Gd. Ant. 437 . 72 c

sparsipuncta Hmps. Spil. 96 . . 12 k
Spat alia 401, 501

speciosa Dry. Ag. 88 . 17 a

speciosa Agan. 448
specularis Jord. Zar. 473

Publ. 8. X. 1930.

INDEX.

59:

Plate

speculifera Grunb. Bal. 55

spei Btlr. Pol. 359

sperchia Cr. Euchr. 57

sphalera Her. Das. 169 . . . . 23 g

sphaleroid.es Her. Das. 170 . . 23 g

Spliecosesia Hmps. 527

Sphingicae 359

Spliingidae 353

Sphingonaepiopsis Wllgr. 377

Sphingonaepiopsis 356

Sphinx 365

spiculata Karsch Pettigr. 198

spiculata Karsch Sal. 504 . . . 78 d

Spidia Bflr. 289

spilleri B.-Bak. Cre. 104

spilosoma Fldr. Dig. 90 . . . . 17 e

Spilosoma Steph. 95

Spilosominae 12

Spilosominae 94

spilotata Warr. Rhod- 494

spini Eudia 313, 314

Spiramiopsis Hmps. 296

Spiramiopsis 349

spiritalis Dist. Cer. 409

spiritalis Karsch Aneng. 124

spiritus Holl. Temn. 375 . . . 65 g

spissicornis Mat. Per. 406

splendens Btlr. Euchr. 57

splendens I)rc. Tar. 237 . . . 32 c

splendens Pidorus 20

splendida Her. Lae. 163 . . . . 27 g

splendida Rothsch. Acr. 305

splendida Warr. Prot. 497

sponda Wllgr. Azyg. 545

Spodoptera 11

Sporetolepis Karsch 455

spreta Btlr. Cel. 64

spurcata Wkr. Diast. 431 . . . 71 e

spurcata Wkr. Zana 435
spurelli Hmps. Xanth. 71
spurelli R. & J. Poly. 368

squalida Gn. Lith. 82 . lib

squalida Stgr. Cel. 64
squalidula Strd. Trich. 438
squamata Gd. Thyr. 532 . . . . 77 h

squamata Strd. Phil. 228 . . 31 b

squameus Dist. Xyl. 547 . . . . 79 g

squamigera Pag. Rhod. 493 . . 76 g

squamipennis Holl. Desm. 412
squamiplaga Wkr. Eupr. 143
squamosa B.-Bak. Phry. 86 . . 11 g
squamosa Wkr. Eup. 145
squamosa Wllgr. Gav. 472
stalii Wllgr. Gon. 257
Staphylinochrous 135
Staphylinochrous Btlr. 24

staphylinochrous Her. Cror. 135 21 b

staudingeri Aur. Nud. 325 . . 53 a

staudingeri Rgh. Pseudoth. 23 . 1 c

staudingeri Saalm. Fod. 155 . . 22 g

Stauropus 403, 410

Stauropussa Strd. 416

stegmanni Grurib. Das. 186 . . 25 b

steindachneri Rhl. Athl. 333 . . 56 c

stellata Dist. Eup. 143

stellata Guer. Ana. 108 . . . . 15 h

■stellatarum Macr. 353
Stemmatoplialera Aur. 421
Stenagra Hmps. 505
Stenarctia Aur. 103
Stenaroa Hmps. 164
Stenilema Hmps. 85
steniptera Hmps. Desm. 412
steniptera Hmps. Don. 23
steniptera Hmps. Xyl. 547 . . 79 g

stenocraspis Hmps. Therm. 25 . 1 e

stenoperas Hmps. Car. 112
Stenophatna Aur. 212
Stenophylloides Hmps. 212
Stenoprocris Hmps. 35
stenoptera Zy. Synt. 47 . . . • . 4 d

Stenosaura Hmps. 430
Stenostauridia Strd. 430

XIV

Plate

stephania Drc. Call. 544

sterne cki Rgh. Arn. 27 .... 1 h

Sterrhopteryx 39

steudeli Brtl. Spil. 97

stevensi Holl. Lith. 82 .... 10 k

stevensi R.&J. Temn. 374 . . 65 e

stevensoni Clk. Temn. 376

stibarodes Meyr. Gym. 549

Stipolepis Btlr. 298

Stictane 73

stictica Hmps. Scr. 423 . . . . 70 g
stictica Hmps. Sicc. 68 ... . 8 h
stictica R.&J. Neph. 373
sticticosta Hmps. Met. 510
stictigramma Hmps. Lith. 81 . 10 g

stictigrapha Hmps. Dol. 557 . . 80 g
Stictonaclia Hmps. 48
Stictonaclia 12

stictoptera Rothsch. Synt. 44
stigma R.&J. Temn. 375
stigmatica Grunb. Bal. 56

stigmatica Holl. Das. 169 . . . 23 g
stigmatica Janse Phyc. 426 . . 70 i

stigmatica Mab. Plat. 364 . . . 62 cl
stigmatica Strd. Pach. 270 . . 38 c

Stigmatophora 74
Stilpnaroma Her. 133
Stilpnaroma 135

stilpnaroma Her. Cro. 135 . . . 20 e

Stilpnotia Wkr. 130

Stilpnotia 402

stipata Wkr. Ag. 89

stivafer Holl. Met. 508 . . . . 78 g

stoechadis Zyg. 20

stomoxyformis Hbn. Con. 525

strabonis Hmps. Dig. 91 ... 17 e

Stracena Swh. 134
Stracena 124, 136
Stracilla Aur. 134
Stracilla 133

straminea Aur. Nap. 265
straminea Hmps. Lae. 160

straminea Hmps. Onych. 74 . . 9 f

straminea Hmps. Phry. 86 . . 11 g

straminea H.-Schdff. Diast. 431
straminicolor Janse Eup. 145

strandi Aur. Cat. 234 . 31 e

strandi Aur. Lei. 248 . 34 c

strandi Aur. Tar. 239 . 33 a

strandi Bek. Epic. 291 . . . . 41 f

striata Aur. Gramm. 133
striata Conte Bor. 267
striata Gd. Cham. 523 . . . . 77 c

striata Holl. Das. 172
striataria Acropt. 389
strigata Aur. Pyd. 437 . . . . 72 b

strigata Mab. Macr. 455 . . . 73 g

strigata Wkr. Sec. 114 .... 18 d

strigatum Wllgr. Est. 100
strigidentata B.-Bak. Das. 173 . 24 b
strigifascia Hmps. Ber. 225 . . 30 e

strigifera Strd. Phia. 300 . . . 44 f

strigifera Strd. Plag. 496. . . . 76 h

strigilata Saalm. Phryg. 110 . . 16 f
strigitorna Hmps. Het. 189
strigina Ww. Ja. 303 . 43 c

strigivena Hmps. Mir. 469

Striglina Gn. 495

Striglina 489, 497

Striglininae 490

sirigosa Aur. Salag. 504

strigosa Grunb. Per. 106 . . 15 f

strigosa Mschlr. Ter. Ill

strigosa Wkr. Reth. 550

strigulata Gd. Arct. 543 . . . . 79 e

strigulosa Hmps. Hyph. 103 . . 15 a

strigulosa Wkr. Azyg. 545

Striphnopteryginae 293

Striphnopteryx Wllgr. 293

Stroter Karsch 472

Stroter 465

Stroteroides Strd. 459

stumpffi Chrys. 217

Plate

stumpffi Saalm. Saalm. 502 . . 78 a

stumpfi Saalm. Chrys. 211 . . 29 b

stupida Monda 482

stupida Strd. Mon. 487 . . . .721

stygialis Hmps. Gym. 549

stygioides Rothsch. Ac. 101

styx B.-Bak. Das. 180

styx F. Sal. 31 . 2 f

Suarezia Her. 151
suarezia Mab. Das. 185
suavis Oberth. Ur. 389
suavis Rothsch. Pseud. 340 . . 58 e

sub-alba Janse Porth. 140
subapicalis Gd. Trot. 440 . . 72 f

subapicalis Her. Pter. 133 . . . 20 c
subapicalis R.&J. Temn. 374 . 65 e
subasperatella Strd. Phryg. 87
subaurantiaca Strd. Sten. 85
subcanescens Rothsch. Ap. 52 . 6 f

subdiaphana Fldr. Orn. 30 . . 2 cl

subdistincta Warr. Epip. 392
subcroceus Dist. Phas. 308
subfascia Wkr. Pach. 242 . . . 33 c
subfenestrata Aur. Dys. 49
subflava Wkr. Das. 178
subflavescens Wkr. Spil. 96
subfusca Bsd. Lym. 196
subhyalina Janse Psy. 485
subhyalina Strd. Nyct. 115

subgriseola Strd. Lith. 82 . . 11a

subiridescens Holl. Phia. 300
subjectus Wkr. Poly. 367 . . . 63 d
subleucoptera Strd. Rhod- 109
sublimbalis Strd. Phia. 300 . . 44 f

sublineata Wkr. 01. 231 . . . . 31 cl
sublutea Btlr. Spil. 96
sublutescens Holl. Das. 178 . . 24 f

submacula Wkr. Ter. Ill
submarginalis Wkr. Poly. 367 . 63 f

submarginalis Wkr. Pol. 367
subnigrans Mab. Staur. 415
subocellata Btlr. Pseud. 334
subochracea Aur. Das. 174
subochracea Strd. Phia. 300 . . 44 d
subpellucens Karsch Spor. 455 . 73 g
subpunctata B.-Bak. Eup. 147
subretracta Wkr. Ag. 88
subrosea Aur. Hem. 302 . . . 46 a

subrosea B.-Bak. Cat. 400
subrosea Gel. Scr. 423 . . . . 70 f

subrosea Mab. Lith. 83
subrosea Wkr. Lae. 158 . . . . 23 b
subrufa Sn. Lael. 158
Subscrancia Gd. 425
subscripta Warr. Rhod- 492
subsignata Warr. Dys. 490 . . . 76 e
subsordida Holl. Epan. 398 . . 68 c

subterminalipicta Strd. Phil. 67
subterminalis Hmps. Hyph. 461
subterminata Hmps. Ter. Ill . 13 g
subtilis Brk. Lorn. 290 . . . . 41 d

subulva Mab. Bomb. 276
subumbrata Holl. Lith. 82
subumbrata Holl. Lep. 82
subviridis Janse Lae. 160
subviridis Wkr. Das. 165
subviridis Warr. Pal. 292
subvitrea Brtl. Rhocl. 108
sudanensis Clk. Poly. 366

sudanensis Her. Phleb. 450 . . 73 a

sudanica le Cerf Epiph. 318
sudanica Strd. Cro. 135 . . . . 21 d
sufferti Weym. Mel. 330 . . . 55 c

suffusa Her. Lac. 141
suffusa Warr. Sym. 498 . . . . 76 k
suffusus Wkr. Pol. 367
sulcata Aur. Lep. 453 . . . 73 c

sulphurana Strd. Nyct. IIP
sulphurea Btlr. Spil. 97 . . . . 13 a
sulphurea Hmps. Or. 28S
sulphurea Plotz Cror. 135
sulphureivena Aur. Sap. 137

sulphureotinctus Strd. Phas. 308 41 f

75

594

INDEX.

Plate

sulphureovitta Strd. Eah. 115 . 18 e
summissa Her. Rhyp. 198 . . . 27 f
sundara Swh . Eup. 146
superba Anr. Opist. 213 . . . 29 d

superbum Aur. Tar. 239 . . . 32 f

Sura Wkr. 532

suraka Bsd. Anth. 331 . . . . 55 c

surodes Hm/ps. Podos. 522
susanna Stgr. Eupr. 143
Susica Wkr. 456

suspecta Her. Das. 175 . . . . 26 h
suspensa Her. Eup. 146
swanzii Btlr. Dact. 350
swierstrae Aur. Anad. 260 . 37 b

svvierstrae Hist. Cer. 409 . . 69 c

swinnyi J arise Lae.

Syfanoidea 17
sylphina Hmps. Lepid- 518
sylvicolens Btlr. Thyr. 49
symbolum Her. Das. 167 . . . 21 i

Symphleps Warr. 498
Synanthedon 516
Synanthedon Hbn. 521
Synemon 12, 16

syremonistis Strd. Pemph. 16 . la

syngena Jord. Lud. 342

syngrapba Hmps. Parap. 471

Synogdoa Aur. 134

Syntaxis 139

Syntomeida 57

syntomia Plotz Met. 54

Syntomidae 41

Synfomimorpha 73

syntomina Btlr. Car. 112 ... 18 a

syntomina Caryat. 448

Syntomis F. 44

Syntomis 12, 41

syringae Mschlr. Podos. 522

syringaria Phal. 402

Syringura Holt. 33

syrtis Schs. & Cl. Omo. 467 . . 75 b

Syssphingidae 387

T.

tabaniformis Rott. Par. 533

taberna Her. Das. 175 . 27 b

tabida Her. Porth. 140 . . . 28 c

tabida Porth. 143

taborensis Strd. Arn. 27 ... . 1 i

Taboribia Strd. 360

tacita Her. Lym. 193 .... 25 d

Taeda Wllgr. 449

Taeniopteryx Janse 430

taeniosoma Her. Lael- 143 . . 22 a

Tagoropsis Fldr. 334

Tagoropsis 315

Talaeporiidae 481

tamara Her. Par. 463 . 74 d

tamatavae Gn. Las. 276

tamatavana Oberth. Perr. 446

tanda B.-Bak. Epic. 409

tandoensis B.-Bak. Az. 545

tanganicae South. Lob. 327

tanganyicus Rbl. Hep. 554 . . 80 b

tanganyikae Strd. Lud. 341

tanganyikae Strd. Phia. 299

tantalus H.-Schaff. Ja. 304 . . 43 d

tapeina Hmps. Cham. 524

Tar ache 11

Taragama Mr. 234

Taragama 10, 13, 205, 215, 274

Tarsolepis 401

Tascia Wkr. 33

Tasema Wkr. 33

tata Wllgr. Gyn. 333

tau Aglia 315

tauiina Her. Lym. 195 . . . . 25 h

Tauscheria Bryk 212
tavetensis Holt. Sap. 137 . . 20 g

tavetensis Holt. Sap. 156

Plate

taylori Drc. Mon. 520

taymansi Rothsch. Met. 54 . . 6 i

Teara 395

tegula Hist. Lep. 503 ... . 78 c

Teinorkyncha Holt. 468
telesilla Drc. Sap. 137
Temnora Hbn. 372
Temnora 356, 378
Temnoripais R. & J. 377
temperata Wkr. Ola. 137
teuebra B.-Bak. Pseud. 261

tenebrosa Btlr. Macr. 454 . . . 73 f
tenellula Roll. Anom. 25 ... Id

tenera Holt. Mar. 157 . 22 h

tenera Mob. Micr. 48 . 4 f

tenuifasciata Hmps. Ac. 101 . . 14 h

tenuimargo Prt. Othr. 138 . 19 f

tenuis Btlr. Hyl. 117

tenuis Holl. Terpli. 197 . . . 26 e

tenuis Holl. Yiana 309

tenuistrigata Hmps. Est. 100 . . 14 b

tephraea B.-Bak. Turn. 428

Teracolus 10

Teracotana Btlr. 110

Teracotona 74

Teragra Wkr. 511

terebroides Fldr. Coss. 511

terebroides Cossus 546

terminalis Wkr. Eup. 144 . . . 22 b

termineola Hmps. Tigr. 85 . .Ilf

terminiflava Strd. Con. 536 . 77 k

terminiphora Con. 515

terminipuncta Hmps. Cat. 400

terminialis Wkr. Cer. 42

Terphothrix Holl. 197

terpsichore M.&W. lien. 337 . 58 a
terpsichorina Ww. Usta 336
territa Stgr. Phragm. 548
tesselata Hist. Acl. 192
tessellata Hist. Sal. 504 . . . . 78 d
tessellata Holl. Eupr. 141
tessellata Warr. Prot. 497
tessellatus H.-Schaff. Hep. 554
tessmanni Gd. Sar. 92 .... 17 g

tessmanni Gelilen Ther. 382 . . 67 c

tessmanni Her. Das. 173 . . . 24b,c

tessmanni Her. Eup. 144
tessmanni Her. Par. 454 . . . 73 f

tessmanni Strd. Lech. 218 . . . 29 e

tessmanni Strd. Lud. 341 . . . 58 e

tessmanni Strd. Nyct. 116 . . . 18 c

tessmanni Strd. Pachyp. 239
tessmanni Strd. Sca-lni. 405 . . 68 h

tessmanni Strd. Tar. 241 . . . 33 a

tessmanniana Strd. Phry. 87 . . Hi
testacea Aur. Bal. 55 .... 7 a

testacea Wkr. Cro. 135 . . . . 20 d

testacea Wkr. Spil. 96 . 12 e

testaceicornis Strd. Phil. 227 . 31 a

testudo Cochl. 447
Tetraphleba Strd. 459
Tetraphleps Hmps. 458
tetrasticta Hmps. Orth. 506
tetrathyra Mob. Drap. 289
tetrophthalma Meyr. Cel. 64
textr inaria Endrop. 402
thalassina Hmps. Desm. 412
thalassina Hmps. Par. 533

thaletes Drc. Pedopt. 23

thalia Fame. Sab. 301

thanatos Her. Das. 175 . . . . 27 a

thanatos Her. Omo. 467 . . 75 b

Thaumantis 20

Thaumetopoea Hbn. 396

Thaumetopoeidae 395

theclata Gn. Dir. 393 . 67 h

theclata Gn. Epipl. 391

thelda Drc. Phas. 309

thelwalli Drc. Amph. 113 . . 18 b

thelxinoe Fawc. Par. 337

theorina Meyr. Qxyc. 494

theorini Aur. Chrys. 477. . . .76 a

tephra H.-Schaff. Das. 165

Theretra 355
Theretra Hbn. 382
Thermesia 490

thermochroa Hmps. Rhod. 109
Thermochrous Hmps. 25
thermodes Meyr. Hep. 554
thermographa Hmps. Rhod. 491
tliermoplaga Hmps. Das. 171
terreola Mob. Rhod. 494
thersites Holl. Das. 184
thia Jord. Good. 343
Thiacidas Wkr. 165
Thliptocnemis Mob . 460
thomensis Milt. 70
thomensis Rothsch. Milt. 70 . .

tlioirei Bouv. Lob. 328
tholloni Bouv. Cyrt. 339
thomsoni Drc. Argyr. 198
ihomsoni Ky. Lobob. 327
thoracalis Strd. Mel. 529
tlioracica Btlr. Phil. 229
thoracica Wkr. Sal. 31
Thosea Wkr. 456
Thosea 467
thrax Erionota 20
Tkumatiia Wkr. 71
thunbergi Bsd. Phyll. 297 . . .
Thyatira 185
Thyella Fldr. 326
thyellina Org. 127
thyene Weym. Nud. 322
Thymara Wkr. 24
Thymaridae 21
thymiathis Drc. Cim. 156
Tliyranthrene Hmps. 532
Thyretes Bsd. 50
thyretiformis Wllgr. Trich. 43
Thyrididae 489
thyridota Trnr. Horn. 34
Tliyrogonia Hmps. 51
Thyrosticta 12
Tkyrostlcta Hmps. 49
tibiale Foy. Rhod. 491
ticana Schs. & Cl. Ar. 154
Tigrioides Btlr. 85

tigris Btlr. Amph. 113 .

tiliae Dil. 354

timoleon Oberth. Hyps. 398 . .

tineoides Wkr. Cel. 65 . . . .

tiphia Swh. Stilp. 131
tipliys Bsd. Amalth. 26
tippelskirchi Ksch. Sab. 302 . .
Tipulamima Holl. 518
tiresa Drc. Cham. 524
tisiphone L. Hipp. 381
Tissanga Dist. 293
t-itaea Drc. Heter. 34

titaea Drc. Jans. 40 .

titan Holl. Gon. 257 .

titania Btlr. Eup. 147
togoana Strd. Chion. 72 ... .
togoensis Brtl. Spil. 98 ... .
togoensis Strd. Nyct. 116
togoica Karsch Lebed. 502
tollini Kef. Thyr. 49
toluminus Drc. Coss. 541
Solwezia Gd. 439
Tolype 395

tomasina Btlr. Synt. 44 ... .
tomisa Drc. Ar. 153
Toosa Wkr. 26

torniplaga Her. Das. 175 . . .

torniplaga Her. Parath. 457 . .
Tornos 402

torrida Dist. Eupr. 143
torrida Holl. Chion. 73 . . . .

torta Btlr. Sem. 22
Tortricoidea 517
tosola Plotz Sol. 90
tosta Wkr. Ramesa 434
tottea Swh . Lym. 194
Toxoloma Fldr. 63
Trabala Wkr. 220

Plate

16 c

8 k

31 b

46 a

18 b

68 b

8 f

43 b

2 k
36 b

9 c
13 g

3 f

27 a
73 i

9 d

INDEX.

595

Plate

Trabala 214
Trabaloides Ky. 211
trachiloides Btlr. Macr. 379
Trachyptena B.-Bak. 46(3
Trachyptena 472
Trachyptenidia Her. 466
trajecta Grilnb. Prosch. 107
transecta Hmps. Nola 62 . . . 8 c

transfigurata Wllgr. Bas. 380
transiens Wicligr. Mel. 330
transitella Sird. Nyct. 115 . . . 18 f
transitoria Strd. Nyct. 116
translucens Grilnb. Seir. 105 . . 15 e
translucida Oberth. Strac. 133
translucida Ob. Stra. 134 . . . 20 d

transvaalica Strd. Ja. 303
transvalensis Janse Pir. 156
transvalica Hmps. Epich. 487
transversa Gd . Ogov. 438 . . . 72 c

transversa Wkr. Salag. 198
transversa Wkr. Sal. 504 . . . 78 d

transversata Holt. Bar. 470 . . 75 e

trapezimaculata Strd. Das. 179
trapezina Weym. Pach. 242
trapezoidea Aur. Par. 462 . . . 74 d

trefurthi Gd. Ast. 32 . 2 g

trefurthi Strd. Oyrt. 339 . . . 58 c

triangularis Gd. Eur. 429 . . . 71 c

triangularis Gd. Met. 508 . . . 78 f

triangularis Jord. Anom. 25
triangulifera Closs Neph. 372
triangulifera Hmps. A cl. 191 . 26c, d

trianguligera Aur. Phil. 229
Trichaeta Sub . 43

trichaetiformis Zy. Thyr. 50 . . 5 d

Trichiura 208, 214, 216, 260
Trichiurana Aur. 215
Trichobaptes Holt. 28
Trichocorota Hmps. 536
Trichocossus Hmps. 549
Triclioloba Hmps. 438
Trichopliiala Aur. 297
Trichopisthia Aur. 251
Trichopisthia 216
trichosa Hmps. Desm. 411
tricincta le Cerf Tip. 520 . . 77 b

tricolor Btlr. Isooc. 76 ... 9 k

tricolor Dist. Anth. 432 . . . 71 f

tricolor Fldr. Nyct. 116
tricolor H.-Schdff. Org. 192
tricolor Rothsch. Bun. 320
iricolorata I Vw. Epiz. 29
tridentata Conte Dact. 350
Tridesmodes Warr. 497
tridyma Hoev. Neph. 372

trifasciata Bril. Ter. 110. . . . 16 h

trifasciata Hmps. Zana 435 . . 71 k

trifasciata Holt. Est. 99
trifolii Zyg. 20

trigutta Wkr. Chion. 72 ... . 9 a

trigutta Wkr. Sol. 90 . 17 d

triguttata Aur. Met. 509 . . 78 h

triguttata Aur. Syr. 33
trijuncta Warr. Sym. 498 . 75 i

trilinea B.-Bak. Nar. 460
trilineata Aur. Cyrt. 295 . . . 44 c

trilineata Aur. Pach. 245 . 33 f

trimacula Oberth. Thyr. 49 4 i

trimaculata Gd. Ter. 511 . . 78 i

trimeni Fldr. Eoch. 338 . . 57 b

trimenii Fldr. Lep. 85
trimenii Heyl. Fum. 488
trinitas Strd. Lith. 79 . . . 10 c

tripartitus B.-Bak. Strat. 472
triplaiola B.-Bak. Lith. 82 ..11a

triplex Plotz Syr. 33 . 2 h

iripunctaria Nyct. 113
tripuncta Janse Desm. 415 . . 69 h

tripunctata Aur. Hopl. 304 . . 45 c

tripunctata Aur. Mim. 252 . . . 35 a
tripunctata B.-Bak. Synt. 46 . 4 a

tripunctata Drc. Sol. 90 ... 17 d

tripunctata Mab. Macr. 458

Plate

triramis Rothsch. Nud. 320
trisecta Aur. Poly. 365 . . . . 63 a

trisignata Gd. Met. 509 . . . . 78 h

trisignata Strd. Trich. 438 . . 72 d

trispilota Saalm. Lith. 79 . . 10 a

tristicha Hmps. Ter. 511
tristicta Hmps. Spil. 95 . . . . 12 d

tristigma Mab. Ap. 51
tristicolor Gd. Anth. 433 . . . 71 h

tristis Drc. Vi. 309
tristis Drury Coss. 541
tristis Epic. 129
tristis Fldr. Phas. 308
tristis Gd. Xyl. 547
tristis Janse Ac. 484
trithyris Meyr. Con. 526
Tritonaclia Hmps. 50

tritonia Hmps. Synt. 44 ... 4 a

triumbrata Warr. Epip. 391

trivitta Hmps. Diast. 431

trivitta Wkr. Est. 100 . . . . 14 c

Trypanophora 19

Tryphax 448, 470

Tryphax Karsch 451

trochilus Guer. Ceph. 371

trochilus Hbn. Macr. 379 . . . 66 e

trocta Kseh. Bar. 190 . 26 f

troglodytes Janse Dal. 556

troglophylla Hmps. Eud. 319

trogoloba Hmps. Sem. 22

tropica Bent. Cham. 523 . . . 77 c

tropicalis Holt. Eug. 65

tropicalis R. & J. Praed. 361 . 61 f

Trotonotus Btlr. 439

truncata Aur. Imbr. 332

truncata Bouv. Imbr. 331

truncata Wkr. Bra. 246 . . . . 34 b

truncataria Wkr. Epip. 393
truncatum Wkr. Est. 100
tuckeri Btlr. Met. 510
Tuerta 17

tumidifascia Hmps. Dal. 555 . 80 e

turbata Btlr. Baph. 211 . . . 29 a

Turnaca Wkr. 427

Turnacoides Gd. 427

Turuptiana Wkr. 106

Turuptiana 94

Typhosia R. & J. 369

typica Strd. Epit. 48 . 5 a

typica Strd. Sim. 535 .... 77 k

tyrrhea Cr. Nud. 327 . 54 b

tyrrhena Ww. Lob. 329 . . . . 54 c
tyrrhena Lobob. 314
tyrrhus Bsd. Temn. 374

II.

Ubaena Karsch
udei Karsch Bhod. 362
uelleburgensis Strd. Phia. 301 . 45 a

uelleburgensis Strd. Lith. 83 . . lib
uelleburgensis Strd. Synt. 46 ,4c

uelleburgensis Strd. Tryph. 451 73 d

ufipana Strd. Nud. 323
ugandae Clk. Ther. 382
ugandae Hmps. Oms. 102 . . . 14 h

ugandae Jord. Netr. 27
ugandae Rothsch. Bal. 55
ugandana Jord. Sal. 31
ugandana Strd. Chion. 72

ugandensis Her. Das. 175 . . . 27 e
ugandicola Strd. Eup. 147
ugandicola Strd. Nyct. 117. . 19 a

ukamica Strd. Porth. 139
ukerewensis Rbl. Nud. 323 . 51 b

umbra Drc. Bal. 25 . 7 e

umbra Holt. Tein. 468
umbrata B.-Bak. Ar. 153
umbrata Brk. Lorn. 190 . . . 26 e

umbrensis B.-Bak. Das. 171
umbricolora Hmps. Das. 172 . 23 i

umbrifera Hmps. Ter. 511

Plate

umbrigera Mab. Lith. 81

umbrina Aur. Pehr. 272 . . . 40 e

umbrina Rothsch. Temn. 375

umbrinorma Tessm. Syntax. 139

umbripennis Strd. Phyll. 297

umtaliana Aur. Met. 507 . . . 78 f

uncifera Hmps. Chad. 419

undata King Anad. 260

undina Drc. Nat. 470

undina Drc. Nat. 450

undistriga Fldr. Spil. 98

undosa Fawc. Thos. 457 . . . 73 li

undulata Aur. Cent. 383

undulata Heyl. Lith. 80

undulifera Wkr. Ag. 88

ungemachti Bouv. Nud. 324

unicolor Bouv. Nud. 324

unicolor Drc. Catarc. 400

unicolor Hpffr. Phil. 66

unicolor Janse Mar. 294

unicolor Oberth. Hyps. 398 . . 68 c

unicolor Oberth. Met. 52

unicolor Rothsch. Ag. 88

unicolor Wkr. Amyd. 221

unicolor Wkr. Trab. 221

unicolora B.-Bak. Cten. 452

unifascia Houlst. Epan. 399

uniforme Aur. Tar. 237 . . . . 35 f
uniformis Aur. Schi. 294 . . . 42 b

uniformis B.-Bak. Met. 53
uniformis Gd. Desm. 412
uniformis Gd. Epiph. 418 . . . 70 b
uniformis Her. Lip. 197
uniformis Joan. Good. 343
uniformis Rothsch. Temn. 374
uniformis Sivh. Loph. 408 . . . 69 b
unilinca B.-Bak. Chrys. 478
unilinea Rothsch. Est. 100 . . . 14 c
unilineata B.-Bak. Das. 187
unilineata Her. Zin. 456 . . . 73 li

unimaculata Brtl. Spit. 97
unipectinata Aur. Lep. 86
unipuncta Hmps. Est. 100 . . 14 a

unipuncta Hmps. Phry. 86. . . Ilf
unipuncta Hmps. Phryg. 86
unipuncta Swh. Eupr. 147
unipunctana Strd. Phry. 86 . . Ilf

unipunctana Strd. Pus. 86
unipunctata Mschlr. Lae. 160 . 23 a

unipunctata Mschlr. Lael. 163
unipunctata Wichgr. Cro. 135
unistriga Gd. Phia. 299 . . . . 41 g

unistriga Grunb. Est. 100
unistrigata B.-Bak. Lith. 82
Uraba Wkr . 63
Urania 13, 69
urania Oberth. Bun. 320
Uraniidae 387
Uraniidae 39
Uraniinae 387
Uranometra Bryk. 287
uranopetes Holt. Syr. 33
Urapteryx 389

urda Drc. Par. 463 . 74 f

uroarge Hbn. Eud. 319
TJrojana Gd. 306
Uropygia 403
Urota Ww. 332
Urota 314, 315

ursina Her. Das. 175 . 24 e

ursipes Wkr. Mel. 530

usambara le Cerf Mel. 529 . 77 f

usambarae Ob. Nyct. 116 . . . 18 h

usebia Swh. 134 . 20 c

usebria Janse Pter. 134
Usta Wllgr. 336
Usta 313

ustitermina Hmps. Mir. 469 . . 75 e

XJtetheisa Hbn. 93

Utetheisa 12, 92

LTtidaviana Gd. 436

utilis Swh. Eup. 144

uxor Saalm. Lym. 196 .... 26 a

59(5

INDEX.

vacillans Wkr. Lym. 193 . . . 25 e

vacuata Warr. Acr. 889
vacuna Ww. Epiph. 317
Vadata 489

vagans Her. Porth. 140 . . . . 28 f

valida Btlr. Par. 463 . 74 d

valida Fldr. Phyll. 297

valida Karsch Par. 463

valkeri Euschirr. 17

vallengreni Fldr. Usta 336 . . 57 b

valvata Gerst. Apt. 486

vanhasseltii Heyl. Oel. 64

vaninia Stoll. Phia. 299 . . . . 44 f

vaporalis Meyr. Dal. 557

vaporata Her. Org. 192 . . . . 26 e

varia Dist. Clirys. 478 . . . . 76 c

varia Janse Desm. 414 . . . . 69 g

varia Wkr. Anth. 432

varia Wkr. Lech. 218

variegata Aur. Alen. 418 . . . 70 b

variegata Btlr. Neph. 372

variegata Holt. Das. 179

variegata Kenr. Eupr. 144

variegata Bothsch. Hem. 302

variegata Bothsch. Ja. 303

varipes Wkr. Var. 133

Yarnia Wkr. 490

varunaea Drc. Othr. 138

vassei le Cerf Syn. 521 . . . . 77 b

vata Swh. Stilp. 131

vau Fawc. Nud. 322

vau Wkr. Neph. 372 . 64 li

vau-alba Hrnps. Met. 508
vecontia Drc. Ola. 137
vectigera Mah. Fod. 155
Vegetia Jord. 342
Vegctia 313

velatipennis, Wkr. Synt. 44 . . 3 e

velutina Mah. Lym. 193 . . . 25 e

velutina Wkr. Gav. 472 . . . . 75 f
velutonia Drc. Epij. 306
venata Aur. Chrys. 477 . . . . 76 a
venata Aur. Dion. 105 . . . . 13 i

venata Aur. Poec. 103 . . . . 13 f

venata Btlr. An. 397 . 68 e

venata Cadnca 135

venata Sivh. Cro. 135 . 20 e

venosa Btlr. Bomb. 232 . . . 31 d

venosa Her. Stilp. 133 . . . 26 h

venosa Ky. Hibr. 124 . . . 19 c

venosa Stilpnar. 135

venosa Wkr. Met. 52

venosata Her. Lep. 141 . . . . 28 d

ventralis Jord. Sal. 31 . 2 f

venus Bbl. Nud. 325

venus Stoll Leto 555 80 f

venusta Her. Spor. 455 . . . 73 g

venusta Him. IJteth. 93
venusta Wkr. Phia. 298 . . . 44 d

vera Janse Epiph. 318
vernalis Dist. Desm. 411. . 69 d

veronica Oberth. Synt. 47 . . 4 b

verticalis Warr. Bet. 495 . . . 76 g

verulama B.-Bak. Anth. 433
verulama Strd. Lith. 82 . . . . 11a

vesana Her. Apl. 471 . 75 a

Vescoci 445

Vespanthedon le Cerf 527
vespera Fawc. Neph. 373
vesperina Wkr. Othr. 138 . . . 19 e
vespertilio Weym. Gon. 255
vespertilio Celer. 354
vespiformis L. Syn. 521

vesta Drc. Tar. 238 . 32 c, d

vestigiatum Holl. Orth. 344 . . 59 f

vetulina Jord. Chalc. 34 ... 2 k

vetulina le Cerf Leb. 503

vetulina Wkr. Vi. 309

vetulina Nat. 14

vetusta Hmps. Org. 192

vetusta Strd. Lud. 341 . . . . 59 b

Viana Wkr. 309
vibicipennis Btlr. Das. 173
vicaria Jord. Plat. 364
vicaria Wkr. Lith. 82
vicaria Wkr. Pomp. 26 . . .

vicina B. & J . Lib. 363 . . .
victoria M.&W. Drep. 316
victorina Plots Myops. 43 . .
victrix le Cerf Mel. 530 . . .
victrix Mel. 516
vidua Cr. Rhod. 108 ....
vidua Bbl. Sal. 31
vidua Saalm. Rhod. 109
vierda 1 Vkr . Par. 463 ....
vigoratus Karsch Tryph. 451
vikaria Sz. Lith. 82
vilis Holl. Parat. 440 ....
vilis Wkr. Cas. 165
villica Arct. 112
villosipes Strd. Par. 463
vinctus Wkr. Gym. 550
vinosa Bicli. Nud. 323
vinsoni Boroc. 267
viola Aur. Pseud. 262
viola Btlr. Das. 178
violacea Her. Das. 176 . . .

violacearia Janse Pyg. 407
violascens Aur. Catal. 234
violascens Gd. Leb. 502 . . .
violascens le Cerf Sim. 535 . .
violascens Bbl. Good. 345
violetta Gd. Sal. 505 ....

virescens Btlr. Poly. 365 .
virescens Btlr. Tasc. 33
virescens Mschlr. Das. 178
virescens Wllgr. Ceph. 371
virgata Jord. Arn. 27
virginalis Btlr. Spil. 95
virginea Hmps. Pter. 124
virgineola Hmps. Lith. 79 . .
virgo Oberth. Beral. 223
virgo Strd. Nyct. 116 . . . .
virgo Ww. Lept. 364
viridescens Holl. Chrys. 210 .
viridescens Wkr. Neph. 372
viridicosta Hmps. Lat. 465
viridifascia Holl. Lat. 465 . .
v iridifascia Lat. 472
viridifasciata Aur. Arn. 28
viridifusca Wkr. Som. 415
viridipallens Her. Das. 184
viridipennis Strd. Sizal. 416
viridipicta Kenr. Das. 180
viridiplaga Karsch Del. 462 .
viridipulverea Gd. Chad. 419 .
viridis Drc. Macr. 438

viridis Gd. Scr. 424 .

viridis Holl. Das. 184
viridis Plots Carp. Ill . .
viridissima Holl. Par. 464 . .
viriditincta Strd. Som. 416 . .
vishnu Lef. Trab. 220
vitilena Karsch Lat. 465 . .

vitilinea v. d. E. Lat. 465
vitrea Aur. Apob. 124
vitrea Plots Rhod. 109
vitreata Bothsch. Bal. 56 . .

vitrifasciata Hmps. Echid. 531
vitrina Bsd. Dysod. 490
vitrina Her. Hya. 139 . . .

vitrina Mob. Lym. 196

vitrina Oberth. Ap. 52 ... .

vitripennis Blch. Rhod. 109
vittata Aur. Ac. 101 ....

vittata Chrys. 217
vittata Strd. Cre. 104

vittata Wkr. Rig. 434 . . .

vittiferalis Gd. Prot. 497 . .

vocata Wkr. Math. 797
vocula Stoll Maen. 99 . .

voeltzkowi Aur. Pyg. 407 . .
vogti B.-Bak. Ter. 512
vosseleri Gd. Xyl. 546 . .

Plate

1 f
62 b

3 d
77 g

16 b

74 e
73 b

. 69 a

. 78 b
. 77 k

. 78 e
. 63 a

. 64 e

10 a
IS h

29 b

74

o

a

74 c
70 c

70 g

18 a
74 f
69 h

74 g

16 e
7 e

21 b

5 d
14 f

71 i
75 i

13 g
68 i

80 b

Plate

vosseleri Griinb. Leuc. 132 . . . 21 b
vouauxi le Cerf Proaeg. 536 . . 77 k
vuilleti Joann. Epan. 398
vuilleti le Cerf Metasph. 528
vuilleti Oberth. Psyche 485
vuilleti Oberth. Psy. 486 . . . 72 i

vulnerans Doratif. 448
vulpecula Strd. Phil. 231
vulpicolor Kenr. Ler. 265 . . . 37 d
vulpina Btlr. Pseud. 334

W.

waldovi Griinb. Synt. 44 . . 3 f

wahlbergi Aur. Cra. 222 . . . 30 b

wahlbergi Bsd. Nud- 324 . . . 52 c

wahlbergi Nudaur. 314
wahlbergi Wallgr. Mon. 520
wallengreni Aur. Ber. 224 . . . 30 e
wallengreni Aur. Maen. 99
wallengreni Ky. Neur. 30 . . . 2 c

wallengreni Usta 313
waringi Sn. Ocin. 285
watcrsi Btlr. Pseud- 363
weberi Clk. Antin. 278
weiglei Mschlr. Pol. 359

weisei Ksch. Pir. 156 . 22 k

wellmanni Weym. Pach. 245 . . 34 a
werneburgalis Kef. Rhod. 492 . 76 f
westermanni Bsd. Ate. 378 . . 66 d

westwoodi Aur. Jan. 295 . . . 44 a
westwoodi Bothsch. Gyn. 333
weyenberghi Sn. Nar. 133

whitei Drc. Das. 171 . 23 i

wliytei Btlr. Staph. 24 ... . Id

wichgrafi Griinb. Leb. 502 . . . 78 b

wichgrafi Strd. Phia. 298 . . . 41 i

widenmanni Ksch. Dact. 351 . 60 b

williami Bothsch. Synt. 44 . . . 3 f

windhoekensis Strd. Coss. 541 , 79 b
wintgensi Strd. Ams. 102 . . . 14 f

wintgensi Strd. Tab. 360. . . .61 d

wollastoni B.&J. Temn. 375
wordeni Sn. Frig. 434 . 71 i

X.

xantha B.-Bak. As. 71
Xanthetis Hmps. 71
xanthocephala Her. Sap. 137
xanthochroma Her. Das. 177
Xanthodonta Gd. 435
Xanthodonta 402
xanthogaster Hmps. Mel. 530
xanthogyna Hmps. Scalm. 404
xanthomelaena Holl. Eup. 149
xanthomma Bothsch. Nud- 324
xanthopa Holl. Lith. 78 ... . 9 k

Xanthopan B. <£• J . 359
Xanthopan 13, 355
xanthopasta Hmps. Cham. 523
xanthophora Hmps. Horn. 535

xanthopis Hmps. Leuc. 364 . . 62 f
xanthopleura Hmps. Synt. 45 . 3 i
xanthopleura Holl. Myops. 43 . 3 c
xanthops Bothsch. Par. 337 . . 57 d

xanthopyga Aur. Met. 528 . . 77 e

xanthopyga Hmps. Par. 534
xanthosoma Hmps. Eup. 149
xanthosoma Hmps. Myops. 43 . 3 c

xanthosoma Hmps. Par. 534
xanthosoma Hrnps. Phaeg. 89 . 17 c
xanthosoma Holl. Stilp. 131
xanthosoma Jord. Epiz. 29 . . 2 b

xanthosoma Wllgr. Phiala 298
xanthospila Plots Myl. 198. . . 26 g
xanthura Plotz Nyct. 116

xanthypopteros Wichgr. Eup. 145
xenoctenis Meyr. Dal. 557

INDEX.

597

Xenosphingia Jord. 370
xuthosoma B.-Balc. Lat. 465
xyleutes limps. Lae. 158
Xyleutes Him. 546
Xyleutes 539, 540
xylochroa limps. Garg. 422 .
xylocopiformis le Cerf Sura 532
xylocopiformis Wkr. Sura 533
xylopoecila Her. Das. 176 . .
xylostola Hmps. Pent. 420

Y.

yemenensis limps. Spil. 96
yerburii Gallop. 11

Z.

zaddaclii Dew. Nud. 321

Plate

70 f

77 h
27 e

49 c

Plate

zaddachi Nud. 316

zambesina Wkr. Anr. 27 ... 1 i

zambesina Wkr. Nud. 326 . . . 53 b

zambesina Nud. 313

Zana Wkr. 434

zanguebarica Ob. Nud. 326

zantus H.-Schaff. Temn. 375 . 65 f

Zaracha Wkr. 472

Zarachella Jord. 473

Zarfa Wkr. 133

zebra Rgh. Arnph. 113

zebu Bsd. Nepb. 373

zegina Hmps. Met. 52

zelleri Dew. Dys. 491 . 76 e

zelleri Dew. Gorg. 558 . . . . 80 h

zelleri Fldr. Zut. 31 . 2 e

zelleri Heyl. Clan. 483
zelleri Wkr. Phryg. 86
Zeloinera Btlr. 419
Zelomera 408

zena Her. Das. 177 . 27 c

Zerafia Strd. 429
zernyi Gschw. IIopl. 305

Plate

Zeuxidia 9, 20

Zeuzera 501, 539, 545

Zeuzeropecten Gd. 547

Zeuzerops Strd. 544

ziczac Strd. Phyll. 297 . . . . 43 e

ziczac Strd. Rhin. 247

Zinara Wkr. 455

Zonilia Wkr. 372

zopheropa B.-Bak. Dor. 23

zopheropa B.-Bak. Met. 277

zopheropa B.-Bak. Metan. 277

Zutulba Ky. 31

Zutulba 19

Zygaena F. 29

Zygaena 12, 19

Zygaenidae 19

Zygaenidae 387, 445

Zygaeninae 29

Zygaeninae 19

zygaenoides Fldr. Orn. 30 . . . 2d
zygaenoides Mob. Stict. 48
zylina R. & J. Neph. 373

598

Errata and Additions to Vol. XIV.

Errata and Additions to Vol. 14.

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

p

47

66

67

67

68
89
99

101

123

128

129

132

160

171

188

212

223

225

225

227

245

264

270

276

287

313

313

313

315

322

333

336

356

390

402

421

464

465
491
529

line 15 from below, to plumigera Btlr. add the reference: (1 c).

line 18 from below, read: “10 forms” instead of “5 forms”.

line 1 from above, read : Haw. instead of Hew.

line 4 from above, read: Mab. instead of Wkr.

line 5 from above, read: somalensis instead of somxlilensis .

line 13 from above, cancel the reference: 8i at Cine, nubica.

line 5 from below, read: ined. instead of ind.

line 11 from below, to evadne add the reference: (13 f).

line 2 from above, to dissimilis add: (13 i) instead of (14 i).

line 10 from above, read: 5. Genus instead of 20. Genus.

line 29 from below, read: Papilionidae instead of Papiliionidae.

line 25 from above, read: “In the” instead of: “In other,”.

line 22 from below, after “ Hexaneura” add: Wllgr.

line 26 from below, read: xylentes instead of xyleutis.

line 18 from below, read: whltei Drc. instead of whitei Drt.

line 16 from above, read: Pachycispia instead of Pachicispia.

line 8 from below, read: Opisthodontia instead of Opistodontia.

line 6 from below, read: (30 d, 35 a) instead of (30 d).

line 28 from above, read: (30 d, 35 b) instead of (30 d).

line 18 from below, read: (30 d, 35 b) instead of (30 d).

line 9 from below, to rosa add the reference: (40a).

line 29 from above, read: ondulosa instead of ondulata.

line 26 from above, add the reference: (40 d).

line 4 from above, add the reference: (40 d).

line 28 from above, read: Gosmofriche instead of Casmotriche.

line 12 from above, read: Vol. II instead of Vol. III.

line 12 from above, read: Gmellsia instead of Graelesia.

line 18 from below, read: Sudan instead of south.

line 3 from below, read: Sylviid instead of Sirphid.

line 27 from below, read: pitcher-shaped instead of comma-shaped.

line 18 from below, to schonheiti add the author: Wichgr.

lines 10 and 11 from above, cancel the sentence from “then” to “lighter”.

line 28 from below, read: (57 d) instead of (57 a).

line 29 from above, read : carinated instead of stalked.

line 2 from below, read: E„ instabilata instead of V. instabilata.

line 14 from below, read: filamentaria instead of filimentaria.

line 28 from below, read : milhauseri F . instead of milhauseri Fldr.

line 6 from below, the Latoia add the author’s name “ GuerF

line 29 from above, read: cretata instead of cratata.

line 24 from above, read angulata instead of augulata.

line 24 from below, the sentence from “aethiopica Le Gerf ” to , .Abyssinia” is to be cancelled.

Corrections of the Plates of Vol. XIV.

599

Corrections of the Plates of Vol. 14.

Plate

2 a read viridifasciata instead of viridifascia.

2 e read abessynica instead of abessinica.

2 h read triplex instead of triplax.

2 k read vetulina instead of velutina.

3 h the figure of cerealis is to be cancelled.

4 b read veronica instead of veronicae.

0 a read chrysopyga instead of chrysopyge.

8 a read perfusca instead of perfusa.

8 a read mesoscota instead of mesoscosta.

10 h read angustipennis instead of angulipennis.

11 h read jaundeana instead of jaindeana.

lli read flavifrontella instead of flavifrontana.

13 g read subterminata instead of subtemcinata.

14 a read mediopunctata instead of mediopuncta.

14 e read latifasciata instead of latefasciata.

16 b read luteibarba instead of luteeibarba.

16 d read niveivitrea instead of nigrivitrea.

18 a the figure of metaxantha is to be cancelled.

20 h read nudiuscula instead of mediuscula.

21 i read rubricosta instead of rubricostata.

22 c read distiricta instead of distanti.

23 b read setinioides instead of setinoides.

24 h read albosignata instead of albisignata.

24 i read gnava instead of grava.

25 c read obliqualinea instead of obliquelinea.

26 c read lugardi instead of lugordi.

26 d read rhodalipha instead of rodophila.

26 d read rubripunctata instead of rubnpuncta.

28 c read contemptor instead of contempta.

72 i read delicatissima instead of delicatissinna.

75 c read auricincta instead of auricinta.

THE

MACROLEPIDOPTERA
OE THE WORLD

A SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE
HITHERTO KNOWN MACROLEPIDOPTERA

EDITED IN COLLABORATION WITH WELL-KNOWN SPECIALISTS

Dr. ADALBERT SEITZ, Professor

DIVISION I: FAUNA PALAE ARCTIC A — VOL. 1—4
DIVISION II: FAUNA EXOTICA — VOL. 5—16

VOL. 14

ALFRED KERNEN, PUBLISHER, STUTTGART

1930

TH E

AFRICAN BOMBYCES
AND SPHINGES

WITH 80 PLATES

v

PLATES

ALFRED KERNEN, PUBLISHER, STUTTGART

1930

All rights reserved.
Printed in Germany.

Printed by H. Laupp jr, Tubingen.

V

Vol. 14.

Index of Plates.

The numbers indicate the plates.

On each plate, for want of space, only the first and last of the genera represented on the plate are stated.

Abynotha 22, 23, 26

Bombycopsis 31, 35

Coryphodema 79

Epiplema 67

Acantharctia 14

Borocera 37, 38

Cossus 79

Episannina 77

Acanthopsyche 72

Bracharoa 22, 23

Cosuma 73

Epitarsipus 77

Acanthosphinx 64

Brachia 73

Crambometra 71

Epitoxis 4

Aclonophlebia 24, 26

Brachychira 72

Craspia 30, 40

Epizygaena 2

Acrojana 45, 46

Braura 34

Creagra 20

Eressa 4

Acropteris 67

Breyeria 71

Creatonotus 15

Estigena 29

Adixoana 77

Bunaea 49

Crocosia 1 1

Estigmene 13, 14

Aethiopina 78

Byblisia 2

Cropera 20, 21

Euchloron 66

Aganais 17

Crorema 20, 21

Euchromia 5

Alatanadata 72

Caffricola 2

Croremopsis 28

Eudaemonia 49, 50

Alenophalera 70

Callisphecia 77

Crothaema 73

Eugoa 8

Alonina 77

Callocossus 79

Cryptomima 77

Eulophonotus 80

Altha 74

Callosphingia 61

Ctenogyne 41

Euproctilla 20, 27

Amphicallia 18

Caloschemia 19

Ctenolita 73

Euproctillina 28

Amphiphalera 70

Camaegeria 77

Ctenosia 11

Euproctis 21, 22, 27, 28

Amsacta 14, 15

Camerunia 46

Cymatopacha 34

Eurosia 9

Anadiasa 37, 40

Campyloctis 71

Cyrtogone 58

Eurystaura 71

Anaphe 68

Oanaea 76

Cyrtojana 44

Eurystauropsis 71

Anaphela 1 5

Carcinarctia 12

Euryzonosia 8

Ancarista 1

Carnegia 59

Dactyloceras 47, 60

Eutomis 3

Anchiritra 38

Carpostalagma 18

Dalaca 80

Eutrotonotus 72

Ancistrina 41

Caryatis 18

Dasyarctia 21, 28

Andrallochroma 75

Casphalia 75

Dasychira 21—28

Featheria 74

Anexotamos 22

Catajana 46

Dasychirana 25

Pentonia 70

Anomoeotes 1

Catalebeda 31, 32, 35

Dasychirinula 28

Fodinoidea 22

Antarctia 15

Catarctia 68

Dasychoproctis 22

Antherina 55

Celama 8

Deborrea 72

Cta Iona 70

Antheua 71

Celerio 66

Decachorda 51

Gargetta 70

Antheusina 71

Centroctena 67

Delorhachis 74

Gargettoscrancia 70

Anticyra 71

Cephonodes 64

Desmeocraera 69

Gastr omega 37

Antinephele 66

Ceranchia 57

Desmeocraerula 69

Gastroplakaeis 39, 40, 41

Antizana 72

Ceratopacha 34, 35, 40

Dianeura 1

Gavara 75

Apisa 5, 6

Ceridia 64

Diapalpus 39

Gephyrophora 73

Aploscliema 67

Cerura 69

Diastemina 71

Godasa 17, 18

Apluda 75

Ceryx 3

Dicroplema 67

Gonobombyx 38

Apoprogenes 1

Chadisra 70

Digama 17

Gonometa 36, 37, 40

Arbelodes 78

Chaerocina 66

Dinometa 39

Gonopacha 36

Archinola 8

Chaleonycles 2

Dinotodonta 71

Goodia 59

Arctiocossus 79

Chalia 72

Dionychopus 15

Gorgopis 80

Arctozygaena 2

Chamaesphecia 77

Dionychoscelis 13

Grammarctia 15

Argema 49, 51

Chamanthedon 77

Dipluriella 37

Grammodora 37

Argina 18

Charistia 74

D trades 67

Gymnelema 80

Argyrostagma 26

Chionaema 9

Dissoprumna 67

Gynanisa 56

Argyrothyris 69

Chionopsyche 29

Dixoa 75

Arniocera 1, 2

Chondrostegoides 35

Doratopteryx 1

Hadraphe 74

Aroa 22

Chrysamma 73

Dovania 61

Haplopacha 29

Astyloneura 2

Chrysectropa 76

Drepanojana 47

Haplozana 72

Asura 8

Ohrysiridia 67

Drepanulina 41

Hegetor 75

Atemnora 66

Chrysocyma 8

Dudgeonea 79

Hemijana 46

Athletes 56

Chrysopoloma 76

Duomitus 80

Heniocha 58

Axiopaeniella 12

Chrysopsyche 29, 40

Dysauxes 4, 5

Henometa 40

Azygophleps 79

Cifuna 25

Dysodia 76

Hepialus 80

Cimola 22

Heteronygmia 25, 26

Balacra 5, 7

Cinabra 55

Eccopa 75

Hibrildes 19

Bantnana 44

Cinciana 8

Ectropa 76

Hilipoda 73

Baria 73

Girina 55

Eochroa 57

Hippotion 66, 67

Barilla 75

Clania 72

Eohemera 18

Holcoceroides 79

Barobata 26

Clemensia 8

Eopirga 26

Holocera 58

Basiothia 66

Closterothrix 30

Eosia 59

Homochira 28

Batocnema 61

Coelonia 61

Epanaphe 68

Homoeomeria 20

Beralade 30, 35

Coenobasis 74

Epicampoptera 41

Homogyna 77

Betousa 76

Comacla 8

Epijana 46

Homophylotis 2

Birthama 74

Conopia 77

Epiphalera 70

Hoplistopus 61

Bombycomorpha 29

Conopsia 77

Epiphoi’a 48

Hoplitis 70

VI

Index to the plates of vol. 14.

Hoplojana 44, 45, 46
Hyaloperina 20, 21
Hylemera 19
Hymenosphecia 77
Hypaedalia 66
Hyphantria 15
Hypotrabala 37
Hypsiforma 17
Hypsoides 68

Ilemodes 12
Imaus 26
Imbrasia 55, 56

Jana 43, ■ 1 ■ )
Janomima 42, 44
Janseola 2

Karschiola 18

Lacipa 20, 21, 22, 28
Laelaroa 28
Laelia 21, 23, 27, 28
Laeliolina 28
Laelioproctis 22
Laeliopsis 29
Lamorina 7 1
Lamprochrysa 2
Latoia 74, 75
Lebedodes 78
Lechriolepis 29, 30
Leipoxais 34, 35, 40
Lembopteris 75
Lenyra 77
Lepidarbela 78
Lepidolacipa 28
Lepidopalpus 19
Lepidorytis 73
Lepista 11
Leptaroa 22
Leptoclanis 62
Leptometa 40
Leptonadata 71
Lerodes 37
Leto 80
Leucoma 21
Leucoperina 21
Leucoplialera 70
Leucophlebia 62
Leucopteryx 58
Leucostrophus 66
Lexis 8
Libethra 37
Libyoclanis 62
Lichenopteryx 44
Likoma 64
Lithosia 10, 11
Lobobunaea 53, 54
Lomadonta 26, 28
Lomadontophana 41
Lomocyma 61
Lophilema 11
Lophoceps 77
Lophopteryx
Lophostethus 64
Ludia 58, 59
Lycosphingia 64
Lymantria 25, 26
Lymantriopsis 8

Maassenia 64
Macrocossus 77
Macroglossum 66
Macronadata 72
Macroplectra 73
Macrosemyra 73
Macro tarsipus 77
Macrosenta 71
Macrosia 11
Maenas 13
Mahensia 8
Malamblia 2
Malgassesia 77
Mallocampa 39, 40

Marbla 21, 22
Marblepsis 21, 22
Marbloides 22
Marmaroplegma 42
Marshalliana 78
Mathoris 75
Megalospbecia 77
Meganaclia 5
Melanocera 55
Melisa 5
Melittia 77
Mesocelis 29
Metanycles 2
Metarbela 78
Metarbelodes 78
Metarctia 5, 6
Metarctina 69
Metaspbecia 77
Micraphe 73
Microhyle 8
Micronaclia 4
Microsphinx 66
Miltochrista 8
Mimopacha 34, 35, 40
Miresa 75
Monda 72
M ono pet a lota x i s 77
Mylantria 26
Myopsyche 3

Napta 37
Naroma 20
Natada 75
Neomardara 22
Nephele 64, 65
Netrocera 1
Neurosymploca 2
Ninia 1

Niphadolepis 75
Nola 8

Noliproctis 22
Norasuma 41
Notoxantha 72
Nudaurelia 49, 50, 51, 52,
53, 54
Numenes 22
Nycthemera 18, 19

Ochanella 37

Ocinara 41

Ocinaropsis 35

Odontocheilopteryx 30, 31

Odontogama 35

Odontopacha 35, 40

Odontosida 66

Oeceticus 72

Ogovodonta 72

Olapa 20

Oligographa 61

Olyra 31

Omocena 75

Onophalera 70

Opistodontia 29

Oplometa 30

Opoboa 19

Oreocossus 79

Oreta 41

Orgyia 26

Orna 2

Ortharbela 78

Orthogonioptilum 59

Othroeda 19

Oxycophina 76

Pachymeta 38
Pachypasa 32, 33, 34, 35, 40
Pachyphlebina 75
Panogena 61
Paradiastema 71
Parajana 42
Paralebeda 78
Paramelisa 5
Parantbrene 77
Paraphrygia 16

Paraphyllalia 43
Paraplocia 17
Parapluda 75
Pararethona 69
Parasa 74
Parastaura 71
Parathosea 73
Paratrotonotus 72
Paremonia 8
Parusta 57
Paryphanta 73
Pectinophora 69
Pedalonina 77
Pedoptila 1
Pehria 40
Pemba 61
Pemphigostola L
Peratodonta 68
Pericallia 15
Phaegorista 17
Phalacrothyris 41
Phalera 69, 70
Phasicnecus 41, 46, 47
Pheosina 71
Phiala 41, 44, 45, 47
Philenora 8

Philotherma 30, 31, 35, 40
Phlebodiclia 73
Phlyctaenogastra 12
Phorma 75
Phragmatobia 12
Phragmatoecia 80
Phryganopsis 11
Phryganopteryx 16
Phycitimorpha 70
Phyllalia 43, 44, 46
Phylloxipliia 64
Pirga 21, 22
Pirgula 19
Pirgulina 19
Plagiosella 76
Platysphinx 62
Poecilarctia 13
Polelassothys 72
Poliana 61
Polienus 72
Poliodes 64
Poiiosia 1 1
Poloma 41, 44
Polymona 26, 28
Polyptychus 62, 63, 64, 65
Pompostola 1
Porthesaroa 28
Porthesia 20, 21, 27, 28
Praedora 61
Proaegeria 77
Procantbia 15
Prolatoia 75
Proscbaliphora 15
Prosternidia 73
Proterozeuxis 75
Psalis 25
Psalisodes 70
Pseudantheraea 57
Pseudophelia 57
Pseudenyo 66
Pseudobarobata 72
Pseudoclanis 62
Pseudoludia 58
Pseudolyra 37, 38
Pseudomantria 7 5
Pseudomelisa 5
Pseudo melittia 77
Pseudometa 37
Pseudonaclia 4, 5
Pseudorethona 69
Pseudoscrancia 70
Pseudostracilla 19
Pseudothymara 1
Psicbotoe 3
Psycbarium 79
Psyche 72
Pteredoa 20, 28
Ptilura 69

Pusiola 11
Pusiolania 11
Pydna 72
Pygaera 68, 69
Pygaerina 70

Ramesa 71
Raphipeza 29
Redoa 20
Rbadinopasa 62
Rbenea 69
Rbinobombyx 34
Rhodafra 66
Rhodogastria 16
Rhodoneura 76
Rhyncbobombyx 39
Rbynchophalera 70
Rhypopteryx 26, 27
Rhypteira 73
Rigema 71
Rodolphia 77
Roeselia 8
Ruanda 21

Saalmulleria 78
Sabalia 43, 45
Salagena 78
Saliunca 2
Sapelia 20, 21
Sarotbroceras 17
Scalmicauda 68
Schalidomitra 21
Schausinna 34
Schistissa 42
Scotinochroa 73
Scrancia 70
Scranciola 70
Secusio 18
Seirarctia 15
Semioptila 1
Semyrilla 75
Siccia 8
Similipepsis 77
Sizalisca 69
Soloe 17
Soloella 17
Solwezia 72
Somatoxena 22
Someropsis 69
Sphingonaepiopsis 66
Spidia 41
Spilosoma 12, 13
Spiramiopsis 44
Sporetolepis 73
Staphylinochrous 1
Stemmatopbalera 70
Stenarctia 15
Stenostaura 71
Stenostauridia 71
Stictonaclia 4, 5
Stilpnaroma 26
Stilpnotia 20, 21
Stracilla 20
Stracena 20, 21
Striglina 76
Striphnopteryx 42
Stroter 75
Stroteroides 73
Suarezia 21
Subscrancia 70
Sura 77
Susica 73
Symphleps 75, 76
Synanthedon 77
Syntomis 3, 4
Syringura 2

Taboribia 61
Taeda 73
Taeniopteryx 71
Tagoropsis 57
Taragama 32, 33, 35
Tascia 2
Temnora 65, 66

Index to the plates of vol. 14.

VII

Temnoripais 60
Teracotona 13, 10
Teragra 78
Terpothrix 26
Tetraphleba 74
Thaumetopoea 68
Theretra 67
Thermochrous 1
Thosea 73
Thumata 8
Tliyranthrene 77
Thyretes 5
Thyrogonia 5
Thyrosticta 4
Tigrioicles 11

Tipulamima 77
Tissanga 42
Trabala 30
Trachyptena 75
Trachyptenidia 75
Trichaeta 3
Tricbiurana 29
Tricbobaptes 2
Tricbocerota
Tricholoba 72
Trichophiala 43
Tricbopistbia 34
Tridesmodes 76
Tritonaclia 5
Trotonotus 72

Tryphax 73
Turnaca 7 L
Turnacoides 71
Turuptiana 15

Uranometra 41
Urapteroides 67
Urojana 45
Urota 55
Usta 57

Utetbeisa 12, 13
Utidaviana 72

Vegetia 58

Vespanthedon 77
Yiana 47

Xanthetis 8
Xanthodonta 72
Xanthopan 61
Xyleutes 79, 80

Zana 71, 72
Zelomera 70
Zeuzeropecten 80
Zeuzerops 79
Zinara 73
Zutulba 2

PEMPHI60ST0LA - ARNIOCERA

nigrivenosus

leucolaena

nox

fumicincta

sienocraspis

plum ip es

tiphys

hypparchus

semiaurata

vicaria

X

nigrocristata

laminifer

lydia

whytei

tulva

euryperalis

levis

teneliula'

synemonistis

hesperistis

catori

steniptera

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

jacksoni

plumigera

fulveolans

staudingeri

ericata lugubris

II. Fauna Africana 2,

sternecki U

hemichrysa

sternecki

basalis

basalis U

setioides

jordani

smaragdina

lautuscula

imperialis

zambesina

taborensis

poecila

erythropyga

erythropyga Uj

XIV.

ARNIOCERA - JANSEOLA

2.

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

k

elata

elegans

styx

ventralis

meruana

scintillans $

scintillans $

meridionalis

difformis

triplax

auriguttata

guttulosa

chalcopasta

auristrigata

latipes

aurifrons $

trefurthi

esmeralda var. assimilis

pulchra

instructa

flavibasis

clockneria

quinquemaculata

filipendulae

viridifascia

setipes

xanthosoma

nebulosa

abessinica

namaqua

oce! laris

aurifrons 5

flavifrons

solora

mimetica

cupreitincta

esmeralda

finalis

fiavipalpis cat0ri

holoxanthina

concmna

ochreipennis

ochroptera

myodes

iffra

wallengreni

hottentotta

zygaenoides

contraria subdiaphana

zelleri

affmis

meterythra

pagana

agria

Pars 1 1, Fauna Africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

PSICHOTOE-SYNTOMIS

kuhlweinii

croceizona

monothyris

basithvris

Werner n. Waiter Frankfurt a. M.

resecta crawshayi

cybelistis

burtti

if

shoa

consimilis

gnatula

miserabilis

schultzei

pembertoni

vvilliami

cupnzonata

tomasina

phaeobasis

ruoritincta

cerbera

chrysozona

terniplaga

ceres

flavoanalis

minceus . anthraciformis nacliodes

elasson

lada

elachista

blandina

enms

Phoenicia

waldowi

•alis atricornis

endocrocis

leucerythra

damarensis

johanna

xanthopleura

raoniicola

congener

hilda

puncticincta

barombina

flava

infranigra

semihyalina

aibimacula

xanthosoma

notoplagia

ochsenheimeri .9

xanthopleura

alluaudi

fulvescens

pterophorina 5*

bivittata

XIV.

SYNTOMIS

4.

c

d

f

&

h

&

stenoptera goodi benitonis

discata

leimacis

flavipunctata africana

amazoula

myopsychoides

f

ansorgei

amplificata

anastasia

myodes

borguensis

reducta

fasciata

tenera

oberthiiri

simplex

bicolor

contigua

muscella

leopardina

agatha

confluens

quadrimacula

holoxantha

butleri

luctuosa

lugens

trimacula

quinquemacula

cambouei

Werner it. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

Pars II. Fauna africana 2.

XIV.

SYNTOMIS - EUCHROMIA

5.

a

b

c

d

e

g

nostalis

typica

maria

marietta

puella

bifasciata moerens

lucia

florida

longipes

kefersteini

sippia

perpusilla $

perpusilla $

negus

caffra

mis a

minor

v

montana

vitrina

•mem

rubricincta 5

rubricincta $

lateritia

ura

daphaena

formosa

atavistis

chalybsa

lophuroides

hampsoni

interrupta

guineensis

Pars II. Fauna africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

XIV.

APiSA-METARCTIA

6.

rubrolineata

rubrovitta

incensa

ferrigera

taymansi

rubripuncta

fusca

invaria

connexa

endoxantha

chrysopyga

metarctioides

phaeoptera

canescens $

canescens $

bicolora

pallida $

pulverea metaleuca

benitensis

hacmatica

haematosphages

haematricha rubribasa

crenophylax

lamborni

sjoestedti

leucogastra

melaleuca

pumila

kerri

parachoris

flavivena

subcanescens

erlangeri

aurantiifusca

haematoessa

flaviceps

monotica

aurantiaca

fulvia

meteus

cameruna

rufescens

pallida £

rendalli

crassa

nigriceps

mconspicua

noctis

flaviciliata

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

I

XIV.

BALACRA

7.

b

herona £

herona $

germana

haemalea $

testacea $

haemalea $

C

d

e

f

brimnea $

intermedia

brunnea £

flavimacula $

flavimacula

humphreyi

rattrayi $

fenestrata

caeruleifascia $

rattrayi $

umbra

vitreata

nigripennis

iurva

_

Pars II. Fauna Af ricana 2.

Werner n. Winter Frankfurt a. .V.

m

EUROSIA- LITHOSIA

tricolor

funeralis

xanthopa

pectinata

argentata

latifusca

fuscitincta

problematica

elegans

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

-W'.

fuliginea

basisticta

trigutta

togoana

torrida

\

cyanograrnma

mirabilis

aurantiaca

eurygrapha

atrizona

flavicosta

cocciniceps

asurella

complanodes

noliformis

nigristriata

interjecta

flavibasis

heterogyna

lineata

rubritermina

rhodostriata

p ret ori a e

rufifrons

H it'i

africana

amatura

progonia

apicalis

saalmiilleri

atripuncta

parallela

flavimarginata deceptans

frontalis

concolor

nigrociliata

erythropleura

capensis

marshalli

rubristriga

grandis

simulans

albescens

flavithorax

nigricostata

straminea

metaleuca

XIV.

LITHOSIA

10.

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

k

melanosticta

eningae

trinitas

costimaculata

virgineola

distigmata

diplisticta

mesosticta

makomensis

trispilota

sordida

angulifascia

kingdom

fuscicorpus

oblitterans

goniophora

punctilineata

punctistriata

angulistrigata

pulverosa

costimaculata

stictigramma

insignis

inconspicualis

angulipennis

creatoplaga

notifera

carnea

bueana

maculosa

cramboides

peperita

sokotrensis

sarceola

gracilipennis

proleuca

sanguicosta

rufitincta

similipuncta

stevensi

rs

\\. '" 'P-

phaeocraspis

caffrana

Pars II. Fauna African a 2

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. .If.

LITHOSIA - PHRY6AN0PSIS

monochroma

ardens

leia

callidescens

conisphora

aldabrensis

minulissima

arabica

semiochrea

pandula

albida

nigrifons

phaeocraspis

jaindeana

curta

albescens

loloana

asperatella

a

- %=?

uelleburgensis

celidana

nyassana

nigrapex

flavifrontata

ilemimorpha

amaurobapha

monotonia

atrescens

lamprocraspis

squalida

brevipennis

pusilana

termineola

cinerella

ochreata

interstiteola

flavicosta

tessmanniana

subgriseola

verulama

triplaiola

discifera

humilis

cuneata

psectriphora

occidentalis unipunctana

unipuncta

straminea

squamosa

celida

brunneotincta

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Werner n. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

ILEMODES - SPILOSOMA

rava

heterogenea

astriga

elata

lactea pulchelloides

metamelaena

bifurca

maculosa

batesi

geminipuncta

callima

dilutior

cruentata

lasti

laymerisa

scioana

rattrayi

yemenensis

madagascariensis

sparsipuncta diplosticha inconspi(?ua

diversata

investigatorum

meinhoffi quadrilunata

dollmani

aurantiaca

parvula

tristicta

rangei

aureolimbata

aspersa

chionea

curvilinea

testacea

clarissima

punclulata

microsticta

scortillum

oligosticta

Pars II, Fauna Africana 2,

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

XIV.

o i — ^

or

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

i

pellucida

pak

butti

nocera

ildabr

flavidior

penicilla

tenuifasciata

atridorsia

mundata

atiradia

subiemcinata

Pars- II

a u n a

ESTIGMENE - AMSACTA

metaleuca

melanoxantha

nigrocastanea heterogenea

bicoloria

latefasciata

ochreomarginata

mediopuncta

unipuncta

karschi

. laglaizei

ansorgei

similis

neuriastis

griseipennis

tenuistrigata

melanogastra

nivea rothi

flavicosta flavizonata

grammiphlebia

ugandae

mombasana

scita

unilinea

linea

trivitta

simulans

gynephaea $

internigralis

vittata

wintgensi

gynephaea £

multivittata

moloneyi

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

AMSACTA - GRAMMARCTIA

fucosa

griseipennis

abdominalis

ellioti

melanocera

strigulosa

atripes

clara

nivca

flavicosta

atricrures

hampsoni

seminigra

last! $

lasti $

augusiipennis

stellata

butti

strigosa

geometrica

jacksoni

punctivitta

marginalis

neurophaea leucanioides

ochthoeba

citricostata

distant!

bilinea

guineae

approximans

alicia

metaxantha

melanimon

postalbida

nephelistis

translucens

amasis

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

XIV.

RHODOGASTRIA -TERACOTONA

16.

a.

b

c

d

e

f

&

h

i

brunaea

bipartita

pannosa

luteeibarba

phaedra

thermochroa

nigroapicalis

nigrivitrea

saakniilleri

affinis

leucoptera

vitrea

fuscivena

rufifemur

rectangulata

atrivena

strigilata

euprepia

rhodopliaea

quadripunctata

pardaiina

trifasciata

prumosa

debilis

homeyeri

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Werner a. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

XIV.

HYPSINAE

1

b

c

d

e

f

speciosa

baumanniana

comorana

borbonica $

similis

xanthosoma

leucomelas

lambertoni

agaristoides

imparepunctata $

guttivaga

* f

nepheloptera

strabonis

culta

africana

imparepunctata $

septempunctata

aganais

bwdonga

costimacula

lithosioides

trigutta

spilosoma

sagittata

tripunctata

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2,

Werner it. Winter Frankfurt a. X.

CARPOSTALAGMA - NYCTEMERA

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

philata

hersilia

syntomina

melaxantha

pactolicus

holoclera

amand

leonina

thelwalli

piceosignata

quagga

kostlani

tessmarmi

chromis

brunnescens

pustularia

strigata

somaliensis

mama

pulverata

bipiagiata

sulphureovitta

fulleri

flammea

obscurascens

leuconoe

restricta

transitella

perspicua

seychellensis

gracilis

seriatopunctata

proletaria

pallescens

apicalis

arieticornis

usambar;

Pars II. Fauna africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. if.

4

XIV.

SEC

s~\ p rS

ULU

simplex $

doriae

biformis $

unct

sorgei

aino $

luuunargo

XIV.

STILPNOTIA - LACIPA

falkcnstei «£» aelhl0P,ca mima iatifascia quadripunctata aexpuXtat

Pars II. Fauna afric'ana 2,

XIV.

LACIPA-DASYCHIRA

21.

g

P a r s 1 1. F au na Africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

LAELIOPROCTIS - ABYNOTHA

a

b

c

d

e

f

g'

h

k

taeniosoma

fasciata $

fasciata

haemodetes

YttftcTata

melaleuca

parailela

limonea

terminalis

iervic

xubroguttata

punctifera

crocot

florida

pallida

distanti

distant! $

iridescens

impuncta

nobilis

puncta

gracilis

gemmata

apicipunct

impuncta

dentat;

olora

melanura

bigutta

dubiosa

jordani

discalis

discalis

achrodisca

anthora

deflecta

melanoleuca

decolorata

staudingeri

affinis

pirgula

africana

opalina

flavibasis

divisa

proxantha

elegantula

paradoxa

charax

magna

Fauna africana 2

XIV.

ABYNOTHA

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

x

solida

subrosea $

subrosea 5

hemippa $

:.y

V. ; - i

fracta $

i

inlracta £

nigripulverea $

lavia $

punctulata $

setinoides

irki ^

mesoxantha <t

basibrunnea ,

evanescens <3

amaura v

lignicolor

B

ordinata

quadripunciats

reducia

dr'8d 3 caeruleiiascia

albilinea

/ |

unipunctata

auririllii $

fusca d

allolria

bacchans

melaxantha

orthogramma

daphne $

antica

cameruna

phaieroides

stigmatica

quinquepunctata

gloverioides

nubifuga

extort a $

extorta

phasiane $

batoid.es

umbricolora

aibinotata

Pars II. Fauna africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt

DASYCHIRA

a

b

c

d

e

f

6

a

h

basilinea

deplagiata

fuh'ginosa

horrida

onussa

dentata

polia $

polia $

brunneicosta

tessmanni.

tessmanni $

problematic;

butleri $

cromptoni

denudata

gentilis

denudata $

Ww a w"

medioiasciata

sagittiphora

scotina $

pastor $

butleri $

ursma

sublutescens

ganymeaes

melochlora $

melochlora

procincta $

proletaria w abbreviata

procincta $

emia

miselioides

saussurn

aurantiac;

macrodonta

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. X.

/

XIV.

DASYCHIRA - LYMANTF

a

b

c

d

e

f

diatoma stenoptera

amata $

amata

pennatula $

pseudosatanas

argiloides albicostat

nubifera

nod

clathrata

carpen ten

bonaberiensis $

pallida

marginenotata

dissimihs

rusticana

vacillans $

melia

bananae

bananoides

rwitzi

XIV

LYMANTRIA - DAS

) \ 2

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

multiscripta

dulcinea

rufifemur $

lemur

uxor

lymantrioides $

flarinotata

lymantrioides

rufotincta

triangulif

lugordi

hodea

triangulifera $

rhodopbila

flavicola

civilis

rubripunctati

rubripuncta

erythrina

vaporata

lanaria

umbrata

tenuis

hoesemanni

sordida

yf

manicata

trocta $

manicata

trocta $

meinickei

xanthospila $

xanthospila £

niobe $

Candida

disparina

achatina

venosa

Pars II. Fauna africana 2.

Werner n. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

XIV.

PORTHESIA-LAELIA

27.

zena

orphnina

plotzi

cymatophorina

ania

pluto

leucogramma

diplogramma

summissa

grammodes

acroleuca

camerunica

satyrus

tessmanni

nessa $

nigrovenata

leucoptera

splendida

suspensa

marginepunctata

confluens

janenschi

pseudolacipa

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

EUPROCTIS-LAELIA

e

lacipa

aureopsis

mesomelaena

flavimargo

paetula

convexa

f

vagans

dewitzi $

perpusilla

affinis

inaffinis

albimacula

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

BOMBYCOMORPHA - LECHRIOLEPIS

cinerea

turbata J,

bivittata

bifascia

lurbata

lamani

imparilis

africana

arnoldi

viridcsccns

antennifera

dannfelli

stumpfi

maculigera

anomala

punctuiigera

dentata

dentata U

M: montana

Ch. montana

'ji

superba V

basirufa ^

nignvems

basirufa

meridionalis J

conjuncta

nigrivcnis J

tessnianni ^

conjuncta

gyidenstolpei

leucostigma

pulchra

ochraceola

Pars II. F a u i) a Africana 2.

Werner n. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

XIV

LECHRIOLEPIS - PHILOTHERMA

30

dewitzi 1

heres

dimidiata

obscurata

burchardi

gambeyi

ml

aethiopica

marshalli

marshal li

parva

simplex

marshalli

perobliqua

venna

canofusca

bistrigata

niphoessa

bettoni

myxa

intcrjecta

sabrina

strigifascia

wallengreni

sordida

cornu la

jacchus

fuscescens

\

ft

-

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

ODONTOCHEILOPTERYX - CATALEBEDA

b

c

d

e

maculala

testaceicornis . J

posticata J

montibia

squamata $

montibia

ochrascens

brunnea $

dentata ^

'S

indecora

obsc

ura J

reducta

sublineata

venosa

conspersa

nigritarsis

rectilineata

ochroleuca

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Werner a. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

CATALEBEDA - TARAGAMA

capense

cristatuin

car in a tun)

misanum

if/rii j|

t/wif

polydora

rangei

Libliquala

dipiocyma

concavum

concavum

nyassanum

splendens

gamma

vesta <$

cuneatum

iuseum

ongoense

congoense $

maius ^

distinguenda

strandi

graberi

singulare

superbum

mesoleuca

Pars II. Fauna Af ricana 2

Werner u. Winter Frankf urt a. M.

XIV

TARA6AMA - PACHYPASA

33.

tessmarmi

scapulosum $

makomanum $

confusum $

scapu¬
losum $

■ decept:

guineanum $

camerunxcum $

guineanum $

fuliginosum $

subfascia

aculeatum $

subfascia

imitans $

lineata $

obscura $

rohdei

trilineata $

auriflua $

albofasciata $

morosa

Pars II. Fauna africana 2

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

PACHYPA'SA -TRICHOPISTHIA

a

b

c

d

e

f

honrathi

bilinea

cornuta

fuscofasciata

cuneata 3

margine

peraffinis

cuneata £

truncata

punctata

rufobrunnea

regularis U

strandi

marginepunctata $

major

major

proboscoidea

haematidea

obscura

makomona

emarginata

koeSlikeri

magria

decora

elements!

wt

obscura

monteiroi

gerstaeckeri

affinis

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a

MIMOPACHA - LECHRIOLEPIS

tripunctata $

nigricans $

knobiauchi

capensis $

marshaHi.<J

levenna

metallica $

obscura $

nigrovittata $

fenestrata $

fulgurata $

Iutescens $

lutescens $

peraffinis $

producta $

spargata $

salammbo

marshalli 5

abessinicum

olivaceum

■ ma

\ Jb

• 4y

jpg? f m

'htm

/ !

w3gMrl£.£ j

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

rothschildi $

rothschildi

titan $

imperialis $

sjostedti ^

XIV.

GONOPACHA - GONOMETA

36.

Pars II. Fauna africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a'. M.

GONOMETA - BOROCERA

a

b

c

d

e

f

ferox $

postica $

griseocincta

postica £

castanea

punctifascia

attenuata

bicolor

nigrolineata

schultz'

affinis

fuscofasciata

minima

concava

castanea

albo-

sparsatus

fulgurita

albolunatus

vulpicolor

songeana

eucocyma

solida

punctillata

margine-
punctata $

brunn'

jejuna

badia

rvicolora

madagascariensis $

Pars II. Fauna africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

XIV

neavei

angulata

ii ii i . ‘frHhikfc

stigmatic,

mborni

custod

lamborr

nelanotica

simplex

flavia

purpurascens <5

■ ! . '4

E§ YFW

rlpp

l-i

§ ^

V

eor

\r\ p. n

BY,

i\ /I r
\ / r
VI

Pars'll. Fauna africana 2,

EV m !• fir /r 1/

jT/ CinKfUri (I. jj.

PACHYMETANA - DIAPA

Pars II, Fauna Africana 2

XIV

CHRYSOPSYCHE-LEPTOMETA

40

kilwicola

minor

kilwana

mirifica J1

mirifica $

rosa

rectilineata

siccifolia

media

marshallii

rennei

drucei

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Hauserpresse I Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M

NORASUMA - PHIALA

metallescens

ruficollis

signicosta $

fuscocervina $

maculifrons

ochreipennis

janthe

fuscocervina $

signicosta $

pallicornis

diagonalis

leucoides

albivertex

angustipennis

argyrobapta

differenciata

andersoni

subtilis

natalensis

immaculata

fenestriculata

divisa

excentrica

strandi

sulfureotinctus

livingstonensis

fuscodorsata $

fuscodorsata $

unistriga

dehanicus

nigromaculata

flavina

wichgrafi

punctulata

flavipennis

polita

-

marshalli

niveociliata

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

»

4

STRIPHNOPTERYX- JANOMIMA

deduplicata

pretoriae

edulis

uniformis

paragarda

lamani

gabunica

nigricans

danfelti

karschi

mariana $

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

PHIALA - PARAPHYLLALIA

nigrolineata

chrysargyra

cunxna

albida

picanna

tippelskirchi

jacksoni

strigina

eurymas

preciosa

gracilis

tantalus

valida

devylderi

jf A -

m J|| \

^ l&B

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Werner u. Winter Frankfurt a. M.

JANOMIMA- PHIALA

44

XIV.

O _ — Af

/%£T

: { \ /

Ag! f 1

pretoriana

vaninia

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

PH1ALA- ACROJANA

pseudatomaria

uelleburgensis

ochriventris

sabalina

fiilleborni

anaemica

obscura

propinquestria

nigristriata

funebris

tripunctata

eborea

sangmnipes

rhodoptera

sciron

. 1

J: . \ V-

i

. V

« A t '■ sA v • v

dm

it • "V

\ 1

Pars II. Fauna A f ricana 2.

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M

PHYLLALIA - EPIJANA.

subrosea

curvistriga

distincta

ihunbergi

agnppma

albida

orphne

bimaculata

nivalis

cosima

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2,

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G.m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

PHASICNECUS - DACTYLOCERAS

a

b

c

d

e

f

preussi

bipartitus

maculifera ?

oseus

maculifera

bithynia

similis

gregorn

citrinus

mversus

obtusus $

obtusus

aequidistans

fasciata

dimidiata

crowleyi

dimidiata ?

contraria $

angulata

albidorsata

simplex

novemlmeata

conjuncta

ocelligera

- J&' ' vml

1

IP' V

*****

W/ w

arrogans

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

Pars I I. Fauna Africana 2.

XIV

EPIPHORA

48

bauhiniae

albida

ploetzi

rnythirnnia

rectifascia

atbarina

lugardi

antinorii

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter G m. b. H. Frankfurt a. M

XIV

BUNAEA - NUDAURELIA

49.

argiphontes

'•Air**'’

mimosae

dolabella

•'"V.-N

tptftrtn

rothschildi

zaddachi

jacksoni

Pars 1 1. Fauna Af ricana 2

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter G m.b. H. Frankfurt a. M.

XIV

NUDAURELIA

50

hersilia

macrophthalma

licharbas

brachyura

dione

anna

lucida

richelmanni

cytheraea

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter G m. b. H. Frankfurt a. M

XIV.

NUDAURELIA

51

fulvia

phidias

mittrei

belina

rhodina

ukerewensis

gschwandneri

macrops

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

NUDAURELIA

ruandana

gueinzii

wahlbergi

myrtea

conradsi $

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter G m. b. H. Frankfurt a. M

NUDAURELIA - LOBOBUNAEA

staudingeri

rhodophila

amathusia

ringleri

phaedusa

alinda

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

XIV,

LOBOBUNAEA

54

-t,." !

tyrrhea

jamesoni

epithyrena

cleopatra

natalensis

tyrrhena

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter G m.b. H. Frankfurt a. M.

'^OLOG":

LOBOBUNAEA-UROTA

hyperbius

raeloni

pallens

epimethea

citrinarius

sufferti

menippe

suraka

forda Q

smope

forda $

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

XIV.

I MBRASIA- ATHLETES

56

epimethea 2

ertli

ethra

steindachneri

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter Q. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. At.

TAGOROPSIS - PARUS1 A

dentifera

juncta

flavinata

arnobia

wallengreni

trimeni

gemmifera

reticolens

apollina

cribrelli

roseibrunnea

xaothops

apollinaris

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H.. Frankfurt a. M..

HENIOCHA- LUDIA.

terpsichore

marnois

bioculata

■

dewitzi

ducalis

grimmia

mollis

herilla

threfurti

ansorgei

cana $

nenia ?

smilax $

smilax $

tessmanni

angulata

agomensis

suavis

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2,

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M,

*

a

corticea

denta

delegorguei

orinoptena

nubilata

hierax

mean a

irabilis

monochromum vestigiatum

XIV.

LUD

Pars II. Fauna Africana2.

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

XIV.

DACTYLOCERAS

a

lucina $

lucina $

bramarbas

widenmanni

MYtvr

maculata

ostentator

b

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2,

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter G m. b. H. Frankfurt a. M

COELONIA - PRAEDORA.

a

b

c

d

e

f

fulvinotata

morgam

jasmim

buchholzi

jordani. |p

marmorata

W1

favillacea

jordani ?

coquereli

ana

leucophaea W

marsha'lli

jumperi

:ropicahs

\ H H

Pars II. Fauna Africans 2.

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

XIV

LIBYOCLANIS— POLYPTYCHUS

62

major

karschi

hollandi

vicina

erosus

postica

grandidieri

constrigilis

stigmatica

basalis

bourki

edentata

brevis

assimilis

digitatus

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a.

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

ParsII. Fauna Africana2.

r G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

trisecta

falcatus

carter!

affinis

com par 1

prionites c?

roseola

lapidatus

baxteri

paupercula ?

nigriplaga

iicatus

hollandi

iissfeldti

neavi

runebris

XIV.

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

NEPHELE-TEMNORA

accentifer.

comorana

innotata

peneus

densoi

continentis

argentifera

Iivida

aequivalens

radiata $

radiata

grandidieri

namaqua

munna

inornata

fumosa

obscurascens

funebris

subapicalis

atrofasciata <$ atrofasciata $

apiciplaga

curvilrmes

sardanus

zantus

spiritus

erato

crenulata

palpalis

avinoffi

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

\

XIV

TEMNORA-HIPPOTION

66.

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

pseudopylas

japygoides

cinereofusca

scitula

benitensis

magnifica

nana

maculifera

marcida

butleri

achlora

anomala

muscosa

milvus

lobipennis

alluaudi

westermanni

msigms

soror

commasiae

hirundo

aesalon

pachycerus

trochilus

biguttata

dohertyi

opheltes

megaera

charis

schenki

osiris

laticornis

Hauserpresse I Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M

XIV.

HIPPOTION-EPIPLEMA

67.

batschi

saclavorum

balsaminae

butleri

eson

dexippus

irregularis

roseipenms

rebeli

cajus

monteironis

jugurtha

tessmanni

malagasaria *

orpheus

fasciata

rutherfordi

falcifera

costinigrata

erycmaria

illiturata

croesus

nigrodorsata

insolita

inelegans

fumigera

carbo

rotunda confuscata dohertyi sernipicta.

angulataria

instabilata

theclata

barbara

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

THAUMET0P0EA-PY6AERA

apologetica

perron

coquereli

anosi

culminidentata

timoleon

antsianakana

fasciata

carter!

subsordida

unicolor

biseriata

clarilla

reticulata

distalis

calana

moloneyi

etiennei

venata

bicolorata J*

ennis

albicostata

bicolorata ?

hosemanni

formosa

ochreopicta

pratti

griseomaculata griseomacula

fuscinota

obscurior

tessmanni

rectilinea

oneili ?

heterogyna

olivacea

albiplagiata

brunnea

roseitincta

Hauserpresse I Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

XiV.

a

b

d

e

f

g

h

i

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

ictuifc

uniformis

argentina

nea

Iatit'asciat.

confluens

leucopl

tripuncta

mediata

:onspicu

DINOTODONTA-ZANA.

gnsea

lanuginosa

sjoestedti

nitens

brunnea

longicauda

nigripuncta

phragma-Si
toecioides *

caudatissima caudatissima

medialis

triangularis

obscura

visa

olivacea

olivacea

albidilinea

comma

dasychiroides

rectangulata

mus

poliqpiaga

spurcata

derelicta

olivaceomicans

ornata

rhodosoma

nigrocincta

dimorpha

basipuncta

pulverea

consangumea

ruficostata

brunnea

mixta

giadstonei

aurifodinae

extenuata

delicata elongata

rufo-1 vittata

tristicolor

catocaloides

bicolor

karschi

ochreiventris

ornata

incompleta

wordeni

macrodonta

trifasciata

atrata

bossumensis

marpissa

Pars II. Fauna Africans 2.

Hauserpresse I Werner u. Winter G. ra. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

ZANA-MONDA

fuseata

debilis

mgrisparsa

ochraceu

modestus

anodonta

sesamoides

rubrifasciata

citana rubritincta ™

nigrovittata rhabdophora

strigata

albescens

sparsata

indistincta

nigrolineata

transversa

collaris

trisignata

squalidula

intensiva

angulata

immodica

multilineata

olivaceofusa

ferruginea J1

aeola

ferruginea $

excellens

brunnea

bettoni

subapicalis

ogovensis $

albidilinea plumitarsis

flavipunctata

ogovensis

gemma

latipennis

cambouei

angulatus

bicolor

pictipennis

brunnescens 1

kordolens

delicatissinna stupida rogenhoferi fragilissima junctimacula

carbonari us

major

vuilloti j oan nisi

re 1 men

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

x

XIV

TAEDA-STROTEROIDES

73.

a

sordida

rugosa

pobana

purpuripulcra

gravidipes

cinereus

vigoratus

aetitis

prasina

gemmans

uelleburgensis expars epargyra argyrobapta auribasalis nobilior anacompa

e

g

h

1

serrata

chrostisa

habenichti

secta

hilda

elsa

lateritia argyrogramma plebeja

tessmanni

nubilata

personata

tenebrosa

pinguis

venusta

marmorata

discophora

bilineata

unilineata

ploetzi

confusa lineapunctata perseis

fuscifusa

pyrocausta

chloris

undosa

nigrosignata nigrosignata

torniplaga

peringueyi

iracunda

rufopallens

rosea nefas

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Hauserpresse I Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

X.IV

BIRTHAMA-LATOIA

74

a

b

albiramosa

amoena

argentilinea

aprica

hemichlora

fulvicorpus chloronoton

chionostola

postflavida

C

d

e

mgrivenosa

schultzei

amator

purpurea

armca

viridiplaga

pallida

tamara

latistriga

karschi

johannes

valida

affinis

euchlora

lanceolata

ebenaui

singularis

carnapi

f

g

h

viridissima

decolor

amanis

cambouei

catoris

prussi

viridifascia <$

intermissa

vitilena

albifrons

phlebodes

cineracea

flavicosta

collini

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Hauserpresse I Werner u. W'inter C». m. b. H., Frankfort a. M.

XIV

LATOIA-DIXOA

75.

a

b

c

d

e

f

h

gracilis d Pvrosoma

semicalida rotundata

invitabilis

similis

leucon bicolor oculita

rufivena

melampepla ?

nigridorsa $

nigridorsa d citrimaculata

arcuatalis

magica

trijuncta lenistrialis inops suffusa clathratipennis

incredibilis

flavissima

rufa nigromaculata

pepon

sinistra

nivata

soluta

luxuriosa auricinta

puella degenerata quinquestrigata

syrtis

X y? . X

/A

afflicta

gracilis $

thanatos micacea

I I f

argenteo-

alianta brunnea lactea

incincta $

velutina

incincta d monogramma melampepla d

herculeus

picta

nigerrima

comatus

loxotoma

furfurea

neglecta

nivosa

gilba bilineata

lineata

ustitermina sjoestedti

transversata

chrysaspodes

desperata

vittiferalis

orbiferalis

vesana

convergens

improba

Pars 1 1. Fauna African a 2.

Hauserpresse / Werner u. Winter G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

XIV

CHRYSOPOLOMA-BETOUSA

76

Pars II. Fauna African a 2.

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

venata

crawshayi $

crawshayi 2

bicolor $

bicolor $

isabellina $

isabellina 2

pallens $

pallens 2

restricta

zelleri

angulata

ancilis

idalialis

flavula

strigifera multipunctata

betousalis " arcuata

mellea

jejunalis

plagialis

aldabrana

apicale

squamigera

clathrata obliquifascia

hamatipex fuscibasis acaciusalis

janenschi ansorgei

opalinula serraticomis elephantmalis

guttulata

eugrapha

nigropunctula

conspurcata 2

paupera

nigrociliata

mvea

pellucens

intermedia

subsignata

varia

werneburgalis

scardialis

misalis

minutula

aenea

eguttalis majuscula

disjuncta

flammata

marginata

roseofasciata

catenula

bryaxis

conspurcata $

XIV

EPISANNIN A-SIMiLIPEPSIS

modesta

chalybea perlucida grandidieri

rufithorax $

waterloti tricincta rufithorax $ candescens

flavifrons

hangi £

hangi

opalimargo

festiva

bifenestrata

vassei

flavipalpis doleriformis africana

auripicta $

rufescens ^ brillians striata

auripicta $

hombergi

. maculiventris

fulvipes

clathrata

alenicola

gabuna

gracilis

iris

albiventris alenicum leucogaster

cerceris

albomaculata

/ xanthopyga

' semimarginata

donckieri

oberthiiri

bicincta

haematopis

ignidiscata

brevicornis
chalconota

guineabia

olenda

pauper

cyanescens

longipes

gigantipes

auriplumia

usambara

aethiopica victrix $

heckmanniae

obliquizona

melancholica berlandi

aurea terminiflava

boulleti

azrael

ellenbergeri

violacens

victrix £

squamata

cingulata

bicolor

occidentalis

ruficauda

dybowskii

africana

vouauxi auripyga alluaudi

abyssiniensis

aureosquamata

hampsoni

xylocopiformis anthrax

endopyxa

typica

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

SAALMOLLERIA-TERAGRA

a

b

d

e

f

g

h

rufithorax

reticulata

stump ffi

cossula

violascens

rugeriae

argentifera

albicostata

naevius'

fraterna

schulzei

schaeferi

semicirculata

tessellata

obsolescens

albonotata

discata

spiculata

§

fuscata v

quadriguttata

guttata

arcifera

umtaliana

semifasciata

onusta

triangularis jansei

ochracea

inconspicua

bifasciata

stivafer

fumida

funebris

reticulosana

latifasciata

micra

clarior

distincta , . insignifica

trimaculata ochreicosta

collaris

natalica

guttifera

pygatula

plagifera

perstriata

triguttata

trisign ata

diodonta

meridialis

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

-

XIV

MACROCOSSUS-OREOCOSSUS

79.

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

cirrilator

auroguttala

kwouus

windhoekensis

reussi

brunneofasciatus

semicurvatus

semen

crassi= I
lineatus f

aegyptiaca

fulvosparsus

fuscibasis

leopardina

punctulata

^ breviculus

boisduvalii

ochracea

hyalinipennis

strigulata

ferrugineatincta

sierraleonensis

punctifera

scalaris f;

melanonephele

aburae

aurivillii

inclusa

7-vjA

obsoleta

nubilosa

squameus

simplex

flavitincta

steniptera

mesosticta

grandiplaga

occidentalis

pindarus

simillima

kilimandjaronis

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2.

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

XYLEUTES-60R60PIS.

a

b

c

d

f

h

sjoestedti

atrifasciata

auratili

ann

osa

keniae

lactescens

tanganjicus

vosseleri

myrmeleon $

geminatus ijr

imitata

atrireta

armstrongi

myrmeleon $

gyldenstolpei

ema

leucopasta

aequifascia

tumidifascia

ammon

aurifaber

namaqua

albistriata

bacotii

rufescens

limbopunctata

venus

butleri

hololeuca

holophaea olivaceonotata

libania

alticola

abbottii

plurimaculata

intervallata

caffra

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, G. m. b. H.

Pars II. Fauna Africana 2

Frankfurt

1

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