C 9. \ r 1 \ THE MACROLEPI DOPTERA OE THE WORED A SYSTEMA'nC DESCRIPTION OF THE HITHERTO KNOWN MACROLEPIDOPTERA IN COLLABORATION WITH WELL-KNOWN SPECIALISTS EDITED BY Dr. ADALBERT SEITZ, Professor DIVISION I: FAUNA PALAEARCTICA — VOL. 1—4 DIVISION II: FAUNA EXOTICA - VOL. 5-16 VOL. 16 THE AFRICAN GEOMETRAE TEXT ALFRED KERNEN, PUBLISHER, STUTTGART 1929 NB. The complete title sheet including preface will he published newly printed after the volume is finished, this page is therefore but provisional. Vol. XVI will contain 20 plates. All rights reserved. Printed in Germany. Copyright 1929 by Alfred Kernen, Verlag, Stuttgart. Printed by H. Laupp jr, Tubingen. Publ. 13. IX. 1929. Introduction. Much more than any other faunistic region of the world, the Ethiopian fauna has influenced the facies of the Geometridae of this region. The conspicuous character of the scenery of Central Africa and of the Ethiopian parts of Arabia is the steppe alternating with deserts, which is verdant only during the wet season, whilst for the greatest part of the year it only bears dried stubble. The insect fauna exhibits rather few species, mostly also of a stunted habitus, so that the vast sandy plains appear to be dead during the greatest part of the year, and the animals of the steppes, which owing to the scarcity of vegetation have great difficulties in hiding from their rapacious persecutors, are forced to wear a sandy yellow protective colouring which we also find with a very great number of African Geometridae. In addition to this sand-colour, the African Geoyyietridae have the habit of settling on the bare ground with their wings spread out flat, a habit which is likewise exhibited by the few palaearctic (Teo?/^eb’^dae living on sandy downs (such sis Mesotype virgata, Tephrina murinaria and arenacearia and others). The Geometridae are more than the members of any other lepidopteral family able to feed on dry and withered plants, and they are therefore particularly well fitted to penetrate into the deserts. That is the reason why, in advancing through the Sahara we still encounter in remote oases whole colonies of Geometridae such as Rhodometra sacraria and the small Oar. The former species is numbered among the few lepidoptera for which the broad desert-zone of the Sahara does not form a geographical frontier and which may occur both in the northern parts of Africa and at the Cape of Good Hope. In the immense steppes of Africa, where trees are only of sj)oradic occurrence or altogether absent, we do not meet with any Geometridae the colouring of which is adapted to the bark of trees, a contrast to their great numbers in the palaearctic region. The Gnophos, Boarmia, Medasina, Elphos etc. which are entirely absent or sparsely represented in Africa, do not fit into the chiefly steppe-like landscape and can at any rate only propagate in the Hylaea and the countries with more hilly districts. Thus there are but very few groups of Geometridae that have been able to differentiate into a greater number of forms in the mostly monotonous African Continent, whereas the representatives of numerous other Geometrid genera that are widely distributed in all the other parts of the globe have not yet been discovered in Africa. Moreover, it is also probably due to the scarcity of trees or wood that the Pingasa, Terpna or Hypodoxa which are strongly represented in the Old World, are almost entirely absent in Africa proj^er, whilst in Madagascar, the fauna of wdiich is in many ways similar to the Indian fauna, they occur in few forms and but one species — Pingasa ruginaria (Vol. 12, pi. 5 d, f) — forming local races is distributed over the x4frican Continent. The general Geometrid type itself is presumably rather old considering the highly developed adaptation together with the almost entire absence of mimicry, the most equable distribution over the whole globe, and the rare consistency in the structure of the larvae, pupae, and imagines, beside the extremely complex variability in the colouring and marking of the different species. That may also be the reason why in the tropical regions — particularly those of Africa — Geometrid forms and individuals by no means occur in such great numbers as the phylogenetically young branches of the lepidopterous tribe ; the Neotropidae, the Chalcosiinae, or Erycinidae. The same numerical superiority of Geometridae as occurs in Iceland, New Zealand, Patagonia, or Labrador, is also met with in the Cape Colony, at the borders of the Sahara, and in the Abyssinian high steppes, though not in the African Hylaea which otherwdse abounds so much in insects. As the members of the Geometrid family are rather feebly endowed with muscular force, they are more inclined to passive migration than to active migration. Only the members of a very limited number of Geometrid groups, such as Bupalus in the Old World and the Nelo and others from the Erateina-grou]) in the New World, are fit for continuous flights. Nearly all the species known hardly ever fly for great distances, and even the variegated day-fliers, such as Ematurga, Fidonia, Pardalodes, and Psetulo panther a, frequently rest during XVI 1 0 INTRODUCTION. By Dr. A. Seitz. their swarming period, although from their slender body provided with relatively large wings we might infer their ability for an easy and continual flight, as for instance in the Morplio, Urania, Hestia etc. Nowhere h] the world is the average size of the Geometridae as low as in Africa. The palaearctic, Indian, American, and even Australian Hemitheinae and Geo-metrinae mostly excel the African members of the same group to a considerable extent, so that many Africans look like undersized insects compared with their relatives from other countries, for instance the Mvmandria or Xerwchroma from Cape Colony or even Madagascar compared with the Indian or Papuan Pingasa, Terpna and Aelochroma, the African Gelasrna with the Papuan Chrysochloroma, the eastern palaearctic Gel. grandificaria, illiturata with the African mostly insignificant Prasinocyma, and the latter besides with the Papuan Pr. bicolor, or dioscorodes or their Indian relatives. Also in single cases the size of Indian Geometrinae, such as Medasma, Xandrames or Elphos is hardly or never attained by African Boar- nninae, to say nothing at all of the large Urapterygmae. A considerable number of the African Geometridae prefer the sunshine, in the same way as numerous European and particularly South-American Geometridae fly in the daytime. The Aletis and Cartaletis do this as a matter of course, because the daylight is required for the effect of mimicry among moving animals. It was only in the last decades that this relationship of the Ethiopian Geometridae to mimicry was more clearly elucidated. The fact that a great many species exhibited a striking resemblance which could not be explained otherwise than by mimicry, had of course struck already the first collectors who ventured to penetrate into the more inaccessible parts of the African continent. And it would be rather absurd to deny the striking assimilation for instance between Aletis dissoluta Gaede (1 e) and Xanthospnlopteryx poggei (Vol. XV, pi. 1 b) which fly together on L. Tanganyika. Here in Africa we meet with the same fact as in South America and India, that harmoniously coloured lepidoptera unite in oecologically separated communities, for instance between Aletis helcita (1 e) and Phaegorista similis (Vol. XIV, pi. 17 b), the above mentioned Xanthospilopteryx and eYeiiDiuina, {E'uphaedra ruspma, eleus, Vol. XIII, pi. 42 b). Whilst this group externally approximates to the facies of the most common African lepidopteron, Danais chrysippus, the Cartaletis (e. g. 0. variahilis [1 g]) seem to approach certain A crnea (from the encedon or sganzmi-gronii), which again provides numerous lepidopterous species not being allied to each other with the same uniform, as for instance certain Mimacraea, Secusio and others. The relationships between the models and the copies are still obscure; but the discovery of the larva of Aletis by Lamborn has iiroved the latter to be very variegated and striped zebra-like, so that one might think of an internal protection; this assumption is also supported by the yellow juice emanating from the Cartaletis when squeezed. As the Aletis are systematically connected with the Cartaletis by transitions (Aletis erici), probably also their internal properties are not very divergent. We should therefore not wonder to see models in the Geonietrids, if the protection of their doubles, the Acraea, had not been proved by way of experiments (especially by Marshall). Here in the Ethiopian region we find the parallel case to analogous phenomena in South America, where we see Arctiidae, Ithomiinae and Pieridae, which are mostly protected themselves, adapted to each other. As in other oldi7e/erocera-families, the degree of adajitation to the suiToundings is likewise very complete in the Geometridae. The larva of the Abyssinian Coenina dentataria- living on Nile-acacias shows on the dorsum fleshy, pointed, bent appendages which exactly represent the thorns of the food-plant. The larvae of Khodometra, which is the most common and most widely — even in the deserts — distributed African Geometrid genus, resemble the stalks of leaves or blades in exactly the same way as most of the European smaller Geometrid larvae. The imagines exhibit the colours of yellowish-red stones and of grey, clayey jiarts of the soil, the more since trunks of trees, which might be used as resting-jilaces, do not occur in those districts, as we mentioned above ; on the other hand, straw-coloured, unmarked surfaces of the wings help to conceal the imagines resting on blades, especially if they keep their wings accordingly placed, as for instance the above mentioned Rhodometra , which sling their wings completely round the blade. In a similar way the straw-coloured E-uchlaena take up such a position that they cling to small leaves which have turned yellow, and the great part of the common Geometridae of South Africa are adapted according to the type of our Gonodontis, Colotois, Selenia or Crocallis, representing dry and shrivelled leaves, as for instance the Eupagia, Drepanogynis, Derrioides etc. On the whole, the Geometridae predominate nowhere in the Ethiopian region so much over the other Heterocera families as it is the case in the palaearctic (especially the eastern palaearctic) I’egion. With very few excejitions, most of the African districts are almost entirely devoid of day-flying Geometridae-, excepting the Aletis and Cartaletis, only the Nathemsa Wkr. are Geometridae spontaneously swarming in the daytime like the qtalaearctic Aspilates', all the others presumably fly in the daytime only when they are started up. But they have a light sleep and are therefore easily driven out of the brushwood. Moreover, we cannot expect to find many iieculiarities in such an old and equably distributed family as the Geometridae are, in their various patriae. In Africa there does not exist any connection with other lepi- dopteral families, since the first subfamily — the Brephinae — being still rather Noctuid-like is absent there. However, the few species of the OenocJiromine genus Petovia (1 a) are to some extent allied to the Brephinae and may be a kind of junction to the Noctuids. OENOCHROMINAE; DEBOS; ADESMOBATHRA; AFROPHYLA. By L. B. Prout. 3 1. Subfamily: Oenochrominae. For the general characters of this subfamily the reader is referred to Volume 4, p. 2 and Volume 12, p. 5. All the veins of the hindwing are developed, the costal (except in Dehos and a few other genera) being free or connected with the subcostal by a bar near the base. The 2nd radial normally arises from the middle of the discocellulars, but in Petovia (which should perhaps be ti’ansferred to the Heniitheinae) it arises much more anteriorly. Only a few scattered genera are developed in the Aethiopian Region, the most noteworthy being the day-flying Aletis group. 1. Genus: I>ebos Swh. Remarkable for having the 2nd — 3rd subcostals long-stalked, widely separate from the 4th, raising some doulA as to whether it truly belongs to the Geometridae. Wings narrow, glossy, 2nd radial of the hindwing weak. Antenna of G nnipectinate. The type is Indian (see Vol. 12, p. 6, pi. 1 a). The only other known species, described below, differs from it in having the 1st subcostal of the forewing running into the costal and the costal of the hindwing anastomosing with the subcostal to about the middle of the cell, thus possibly calling for generic separation. D. purpureofusa Front . Expanse about 16 mm. Head and palpus orange-brown. Body and ^\h\gs, purpurco- glossy dark brown or blackish, the wings shot with strong purple reflections — strongest costally on the forewing, abdominally on the hindwing and distally on both wings. Portuguese East Africa, only the type known. 2. Genus : Atle^^mobatlira Prout. Aspect of Ozola, but with the costal vein of the hindwdng closely approximated to the subcostal near the base and without a connecting bar. Face protuberant. Hindtibia of wuth the terminal spurs obsolete; 5 wuth all spurs. Only one species. Nothing is knowui of the early stages. A. ozoloides Prout (la). Similar to a pale, sharply-lined Ozola microniaria Walk. (Vol. 12, pi. 3 d) but ozoloides. broader-winged, wuth the apex of the forewung much less produced. White, wuth some browur diisting, the lines finely brown. Lindi, Tanganyika Territory. 3. Genus: Atrophy la Warr. Palpus rather short. Antenna of bipectinate, with rather long branches. Legs long and slender; hindtibia with all spurs. Forewing wuth apex acute, 1st subcostal anastomosing wuth stalk of 2nd — 5th to form an areole. Hindwing with costal vein closely approximated to subcostal near base, or even anastomosing, 2nd subcostal commonly stalked with 1st radial. Only one species known, exclusively African. A. vethi Sn. (— dichordata Warr.) (Ta). White with rather strong grey-brown, ochreous-brown, veilii. or reddish-brown irroration, the lines of the forewing fine, sharply-expressed except at the costal margin, the gentle, regular curve of 2nd line characteristic. Angola, Uganda, Kenya Colony, Rhodesia, Transvaal, etc. I have also before me one example from Senegambia. — meloui suhsp. nov. is more reddish (especially beneath) meloui. and has the cell-dots in general better developed. Hindwung less whitened, the line generally very indistinct. Madagascar: Diego Suarez, a good series in the Tring Museum, collected by G. Melou. 4 PETOVIA; DERAMBILA. By L. B. Prout. 4. Genus: I*etovia Walk. Pace smooth. Palpus minute. Tongue rudimentary. Frenulum wanting. Hindtibia with terminal spurs only. Venation altogetlier as in the Hemitheinae, to which Grunberg — perhaps with justification — proposed to remove it, i)ut the genitalia, the coloration and scheme of markings and the larva do not suggest affinities in that direction. Exclusively African. Probably only a single, excessively variable species. P. dichroaria. according to breeding exj)eriences, certainly embraces a wide range of variation. The veins of the forewing are nearly always, those of the hindwing very generally, blackened, especially in the cquatorialis. distal part of the wing. - equatorialis snbsp. nov. is rather large, at least in the rather deeply coloured, the border of the forewing broad anteriorly, that of the hindwing slight in the (J, broad in the $. Hindwing black- veined. Buddu, W. shores of Victoria Nyanza, 3700 — 3800 feet, September 1911 (S.A. Neave) a good series putrid- in coll. Brit. Mus. Also elsewhere in Uganda. - patris-aloysii Griinh. (1 a) has both wings more or less broadly aloysii. piack-bordered, the hindwing not or scarcely black-veined. Coloiir of forewing often paler, of hindwing lighter yellow. Ukerewe to N. Lake Nyasa. Variable, in parts of East Africa probably intergrading with the preceding. The few specimens which I have seen from Mount Mlanje, Nyasaland, can be provisionally placed with pafris- dichruaria. aloysii. though the veins of the hindwing begin to darken distally. dichroaria H.-Sch. (1 a) has the black border narrow, the forewing generally suffrrsed centrally, the hindwing strongly black-veined. South Africa, marqhiaia. perhaps commonest in Natal. - ab. marginata Walk, looks very different, lacking the black veins and central clouding, but has been bred from the same larva and the two forms have been taken in copula by Prof. Janse. amcdonga. — ab. ( ? siibsp.) amatonga Vuillot only differs from the name-type in having the black borders slightly less incertaria. narrow. Portuguese East Africa. — ab. incertaria G7i.( = perversaria Gaede) (1 a) is strongly suffused throughout with grey. — The larva of dichroaria is smooth, nearly cylindrical, with rather small, bilobed blackish head; body green, with narrow red, black-mixed dorsal belts on the anterior edges of the abdominal somites and a very thin, more or less interrupted spiracular line; spiracles black. On C'ombretum zeyherii (Janse, in lift.) or Vangueria infausta (Fawcett). uniiormis. P. uniformis Warr. is probably a narrow- winged aberration of the preceding, otherwise very similar to ‘marginata and the name must perha]is supplant patris-aloysii. Nyasaland, only the type yet known. 5. Genus: l>eFaml>ila Walk. A genus of very frail white moths, of small size and with very long antennae and legs. Antenna in the ciliated (shortly in the African species). Hindtibia with terminal spurs only, and these generally minute. The Indo-Australian species have been divided into sections in Vol. 12, pp. 34 35. The African approximate to Sect. C — “hindwing with 2nd subcostal stalked” — but often the venation of the fore wing is a little less specialized, the 1st sidicostal merely anastomosing with the costal, not running into it. I formerly regarded this less specialized group {syllaria, 'jacksoni, delostigma, puella, iridoptera and hyper phyes) as a genus, under the name of Cormm. but learned that the distinction was not in all species absolutely constant. mucriiUna. D. macritibia sp. nov. ( 1 b). One of the largest species, the ^ expanding 34 mm, the $ 35 —40 mm. An¬ tennal ciliation as long as diameter of shaft. Abdomen with blackish dorsal spots. Hindtibia of G ~ in all the other species known to me — dilated. Forewing with cell long; the l)lack cell-dot and terminal dots strong; the rows of dots nearly as black, the postmedian series more distally placed than in most of the species, quite as in p'lmctisig'iiata Walk. Underside only with cell-dot and terminal dots, and these reduced. Sao Thome, 24 January to 25 February 1926, 2 11 9$ (T. A. Barns) in the Joicey Collection. ahicUuriu. D. alucitaria Sn.. ( 1 b). Only known to me from the description and the rather bad figure, from which it appears that the wings are even longer and narrower than in thearia, with the cells longer, the cell-spots (their colour not mentioned) jdaced well beyond the middle of the wing. Lines marked by indistinct vein-dot?. ViTng-expanse 22 mm. Founded on a single G from Princes Island in the Gidf of Guinea. Perhaps a smaller relative of inacritihia. thearia. D. thearia Sivi/nh. (lb). A rather small species, narrow-winged, the apex of the forewing slightly acuminate, the abdomen (as in alucitaria) extremely long and slender. Recognizable by the rather large and distinct cell-spots, that of the forewing black, that of the hindwing brown. Nigeria, Cameroons and Gaboon. - ansorgel. ansorgci :nov. On an average slightly larger, the spots reduced in size, especially the cell-spots. Founded on 3 GG irt the Tring Museinn, collected by Dr. Ansorge at Nana Meya, Cugho River, N. Angola, 15 September 1903. (oatipunc- D. costipunctata Warr. Costal margin of forewing with a series of 8 or 9 minnte but distinct Wackish tata. between the base and the postmedian line. Brown transverse markings rather large and strong. Cell-spot of forewing black, enlarged, extending along the base of the 2nd radial ; that of hindwing w'anting. Sierra Leone and Cameroons, ajiparently very rare. BARRAMA; CONOLOPHIA. By L. B. Prout. o D. punctisignata Walk, seems to be a very rare species, indeed Walker’s type is not yet matched, putictAsif)- though a rather larger and ample-winged example from Nandi approximates to it. Costal edge l)lackish, the black dots rather strong, the sinnons postmedian series more distally placed than in most of the other species. “West Africa.”. D. mafginepunctata Basfelh. (1 b) “19 mm. Fore- and hindwings white, semitransparent, iridescent, margine- Small black central dots on the cross- veins ; a very fine black onter-marginal line, which is strengthened by p'oaiala. black dots between the veins”. Founded on a $ from Angola. D. synecdema Prout (1 b). Distinct from all the foregoing in the strong grey-brown costal shading for synecdeina. dense irroration) of the forewing. Cell-dots small, but black or blackish, postmedian row of spots rather strong, grey-brown, not very deeply curved inwards posteriorly. Abdomen with black dorsal dots. Cameroons; similar forms also about I.^ake Mweru, in Uganda and Nyasa. D. thrombocnemis sp. nov. (1 c) is one of the smallest species and might at first sight be mistaken thromho- for a member of the Indian group of saponaria Gn. (Vol. 12, pi. 3 c), but has the G hindtibia much more cnemi.-i. swollen proximally than in any other species, recalling the 1st tarsal joint of a Gelerena, the G antenna rela¬ tively stout, with the ciliation very minute, the distal margin of the forewing less oblique than in saponaria. Cell-dots and terminal dots small, black. The usual lines present but very weak, brownish-grey, punctiform. Diego Suarez, N. Madagascar, a good series in Tring Miiseum, collected by G. Melou. D. sjbstedti Auriv. is only known to me from the figure and description and the venation is not given, sjdstedti. Wing-expanse nearly 30 mm. Vein-dots connected by lines, which are nearly parallel with one another and with the distal margin. Cell-dots small, black. Face white. Mt. Mem, at an altitude of 3f)00 — 3500 m. D. syllaria Swh. (1 c). Apex of forewing not falcate; cell-dot of forewing even more minute than in sylluria. synecdema, that of hindwing enlarged, somewhat angular; postmedian row of brown spots fairly large obsolescent in front of 1st radial of forewing, rather more deeply incurved posteriorly than in synecdenhSi. Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast^k D. jacksoni Prout. Costal margin of forewing more narrowly brown than in synecdema (lb) and jucksoni. syllaria ( 1 c), cell-dots at least as small as in the former, transverse markings shaped as in that species but reduced to dots. Venation of syllaria, but with the 1st subcostal not anastomosing with the 3rd. Nairobi, only the type known. D. delostigma Prout. Cell-spots nearly as in syllaria (1 c), brown costal edge and small transverse spots dclostigmu. (dots) more as in jacksoni. Nyasaland. D. puella Butl. (= larula Bastelh.) (1 c). Expanse about 30 mm. Apex acute, termen of forewing puella. straight, even that of hindwing less rounded than in the allies. Costal margin of forewing ochreous. Cell-dots very small, postmedian dots also small; traces of a greyish subterminal shade. Madagascar. D. iridoptera Prout (1 b). Distinguished by its extremely iridescent blnish-white wings, with the distal iridoptera. margin of the hindwing more rounded than in most of the allies. Antennal ciliation of the extremely short. Costal edge of forewing scarcely darkened; cell-dots and terminal dots small; postmedian dots even more minute than in jacksoni and delostigma, though slightly darker, their course little sinuate. Cameroons, French Congo, Kenya Colony and Nyasaland. D. hyperphyes Prout (1 b) is the largest species, expanding about 43 mm. Distal margin of hindwing kyperphyes. scarcely convex. Costal margin of forewing grey rather than brown; cell-dots moderate, black; terminal dots relatively large; postmedian vein-dots black, mostly not large; a dentate grey subterminal line. A mountain species, occurring on Mlanje Mountain, Nyasaland and the Aberdare Mountains, British East Africa. 6. Genus: ISarrama Warr. Scarcely more than a section of Deixmdnla, less attenuated, the wings not iridescent, antenna dentate, with fascicles of very long cilia. A hindtibia not dilated. B. impunctata Warr. (1 c). Apart from its shape, the brown-grey tinge distinguishes this sj^ecies from impunctata those of the preceding genus. Moreover, the (feeble) postmedian line of the forewing is almost straight. Natal and Transvaal. 7. Genus: CJoiiolophia Warr. Face with projecting cone of scales. Palpus long, with 3rd joint well developed. Antenna rather long, ciliated. Hindtibia with all spurs. Venation nearly as in Encryphia, Noreia, etc. (see Vol. 12). 6 BRACHYTRITA; PANAGROPSIS. By L. B. Prout. actnula. conscifaria ■ 7'uhrifi(sa. iascicda. pontias. recti- strigaria. maculaia. 2:>cr>ihniHs. niacnJain ■ pungelcri. ccrvtnurht ■ umara. cquUaria. A. Section: hind wing normal. C. aemula Warr., from “S. Africa”, unfortunately without nearer indication, seems scarcely distinguish¬ able from GonsGitaria ( I c) except that the (J lacks the cone of scales on abdominal margin. I have it from Johannesburg. B. Section; d' abdomen with hair- tufts on 5 th and 6 th somites; ^ hind¬ wing with cone of scales on middle of abdominal m a r g i n. C. conscitaria Walk. (= smilodontaria 8n.) (1 c). Rather variable, but easily recognizable by the shape and structure. All forms show a rather strong dark irroration. The name-type has the ground-colour grey or slightly yellowish-grey. — ab. maculata Basfelh. (1 c) has a large black spot on the forewing beyond the postmedian line, placed between the 2nd median and 2nd sxibmedian veins. — ab. rubrifusa Basfelh. (1 d) has the ground-colour reddish; the black sjoot of ab. maGtdafa present or absent. — ab. fasciata nov. has the rows of black dots developed into strong thick lines or irarrow stripes. Founded on a fine (J from Gillet Moun¬ tains, Somaliland, 1900 — 220(t m, 1 Jidy 1900, taken by Erlanger and Neumann, now in the Tring Museum. — GonsGitaria is distributed throughout the greater part of Africa. - pontias suhs}). nov. is white-grey with scarcely a tinge of brown or reddish, the black jxostmedian dots placed on a dark-brown line which is thickest at the hindmargins (though not so heavy as in GonsGitaria. ab. fasGiata) and becomes obsolete at the costa of both wings. Madagascar: Diego Suarez, 1 G) - collected by G. Melou. C. rectistrigaria Ehl. (= melanothrix Proui) (1 d). The ^ is well characterized by the black tuft of scales on the abdominal margin of hindwing. The largest Conolopliia. Distal margin of hindwing appreciably bent in middle. Postmedian line rxist-brown mixed with black, on the hindwing obsolete before the 1st radial. — ab. maculata ah. nov. has a black outer spot on the fold of the forewing and is about as common as the type form. Belgian CAngo, Uganda and Kenya Colony. C. persimilis Warr. Abdominal tufts of G more highly developed, scale-cone on abdominal margin less so ; hindtibia tufted. Much like a large pale GonsGitaria ( 1 c) ; postmedian line well developed, though rather thin, placed as in GonsGitaria. but (as in rectistrigaria) not reaching costa of hindwing. ah. maculata ab. 7iov. has a black outer spot on the forewing as in the aberrations of consGitaria and reGtist rig aria to which that name has been given. Range similar to that of rectistrigaria. C. pungeleri Basfelh. (1 d). structure about as in persimilis. Face deeper red than vertex, almost blackish; palpxxs mixed with black. Rather variable, but much less pale than persimilis, more or less strongly reddish. Lines of forewing approximated posteriorly, accompanied by pale yellowish shading, the antemedian dotted or spotted with black on the veins. Hindwing with ill-defined grey subterminal spots, parallel with distal margin. The $ type shows an outer black spot as in Goiiscitaria ab. maculata. Madagascar. 8. Genus: Braehytrila Swh. Differs little from section B of Conolopliia . Face without projecting cone of scales. Paljjus shorter. Fore wing with costal margin more arched. Hindwing somewhat more produced at anal angle. Erected for the single species. B. cervinaria Swh. (Id). Quite unmistakable among the African species, the bright cinnamon colouring recalling the species of the Indo-Australian genus Alex. The forewing shows, in addition to the oblique line, a characteristic, outwardly oblique dark mark from two-thirds of costal margin. Underside still brighter, almost orange, strongly marked. Widely distributed; known to me from the Ivory Coast, the Ca- meroons and German East Africa. amara Prout is a more brownish form from E. Madagascar. 9. Genus: Basiagropsis Warr. Also allied to Conolopliia and Bracliytrita-, differing from the former in the pectinate B antenna and in that the 2nd subcostal of the fore wing anastomoses with the 3rd as well as with the first ; from the latter in the long palpi. Both the known species are of smaller size than in those genera. South African. P. equitaria Walk. (= suberrata Walk., humerata Walk., secretata Iko/i'., platyrhyncata Wllgrn.) (1 d). An obscure grey-brown species, densely dark-dusted, the postmedian line indicated by dots placed parallel with the distal margin and accompaniefl by a pale line. The name-type has a dark spot near the anal angle of APATADELFHA; OZOLA; ALEXIS. By L. B. Prout. the forewing. — ab. seci etata Walk, is a weakly marked aberration with the dark spot wanting. — Tlie species .‘iecretala. is only known to me from Cape Colony. P. tnuricolor Wa7'r. (1 d). Much less dusted than equitaria, postmedian line more distally placed, on the nmricolor. forewing more oblique than the distal margin, sometimes developed into a strong continuous dark line; the dark spot near anal angle and the terminal dots wanting. Natal and the Transvaal. 10. Genus: Apataclelpha Prout. Different from Panagropsis in shape, in having a better-developed frontal tuft, shorter d antennal pectinations and absence of the bases of the first and second subcostal veins of the forewing, which conse¬ quently api^ear to arise out of the costal on a common stalk. Only the one species known. A. biocellaria Walk. (1 e). Cannot be confused with any known species. The elongate reddish post- hiocellariu. median spot at the hindmargin of the forewing, outlined with black-brown dusting, is the most distinctive marking. The subterniinal dots between the veins, placed near to and parallel with the distal margin, are also noticeable. Commonest in West Africa, ranging from Sierra Leone to the Congo, but I have also seen it from Victoria Nyanza and from the island of Eernando Po. 11. Genus: Ozola Walk. The few African representatives of this genus — which is otherwise almost exclusively Indo- Australian and has been characterized in Vol. 12, p. 39 - form a separate section in that the hindtibia in both sexes wants the proximal spur and might on this ground be regarded as a separate genus. The entire habitus, ho¬ wever, and the characteristic venation (especially the very wide separation of the costal vein of the hindwing from the cell) indicate a really near relationship. 0. pulverulenta Warr. (1 c) resembles the two Ceylon species microniaria (Vol. 12, pi. 3d) and convergens pulveru- in shape and markings, the antemedian line of the forewing being angled in the cell nearly as in the former, the tenfa. postmedian curved anteriorly and sinuate inward posteriorly, more as in the latter. Variable, generally with heavy grey irroration. — ab. fasciata W arr. has the median area filled-in with dull brown. The species inhabits fasciata. Rhodesia, the Transvaal, Zululand and Natal. 0. occidentalis Prout is somewhat narrower winged, with shorter antennal ciliation. Distal margin of occideniaUs. forewing less sinuate, lines indefinite, postmedian of hindwing more oblique outward posteiiorly. Described from the Cameroons, but I have since seen what may prove to be a race of it from Kenya Colony. 0. inexcisata Fryer, from Silhouette, Seychelles, is associated stnicturally with the Indo-Australian ine.vcisata. forms, having on the hindtibia a strong proximal spur. In size, coloration and narrowness of fore wing comparable with macariata Walk. (Vol. 12, p. 40, pi. 3 d) or even hasisparsata Walk., but the distal margin not excised, the lines arising from costal spots. No subapical dark clouds. Hindwing with a row of submarginal spots nearly as in convergeyis Warr. Only the type known. 12. Genus: Aletis Hbn. This genus and the following contain some of the largest and most conspicuous of the African Geo- metridae. They cannot possibly be confounded with any others of the family excepting Mianaletis Warr., from which they differ in the development of the 2nd radial of the hindwing and the ])resence of an areole (single or double) in the forewing. They form, however, the centre of a mimetic association which embraces also butterflies (Euphaedra), Aganaids [Phaegorista), etc. The smooth face, short palpi and the venation - excepting the wide separation of the costal of the hindwing from the cell, connected only by an oblique bar — suggest a possible relationship with the Steirhinae and the Rev. C. R. N. Burrows considers the genitalia definitely Sterrhid; but the relationship cannot be very close. Aletis is differentiated from Cartaletis by having the areole generally double. The larvae have been made known by Dr. Lamborn and are transversely banded, alternately bluish-black and white, with the bands equal in width in erici, the black bands very much narrower in helcita, which, moreover, develops after the first moult some further blue-black marking; head and claspers in both species yellowish. A. helcita L. (= macularia F., druryi Btlr., rubricaput Swh.) (1 e). Pectinations of the E antenna helcita. extremely short. The white submarginal spots, both in this sj)ecies and the following, are somewhat variable, but in helcita they are wanting behind the 2nd median vein of the forewing and sometimes on the 2nd subcostal of the hindwing. Very common in continental West Africa, extending from Sierra Leone to the Congo, also found on Fernando Po. — ab. dissoluta Gaede ( 1 e) has the black border of the forewing more curved round the dissohda. *> V. gordoni Prout (2 c) differs from inmmnifica in the more deeply toothed termen, darker green hordei's (/ordoni. (enclosing some pale spots) and especially a large deep-brown patch at anal angle of forewing. Described from Old Calabar, since seen from Gold Coast, Cameroons and North Angola. V. perornata Warr. (2 c) is distinguished by having a median white band (on the hindwing abbreviated), peroniain. followed distally by an ill-defined brown-grey band; some white subterminal spots. Nigeria. V. albipicta IParr. The type of the genus, which should perhaps be restricted to this form and the (idhiiiirta. two that follow. They are very closely related and are characterized by a tuft at the base of the antenna. albipicta has the forewing green, with the white lines broadening posteriorly and with white distal spots ; thorax green above. Cape Colon3^ V. fuscithorax Warr. (2 d) differs from albipicta in the dark thorax and the broader white markings. fK^cithorux Known from Sudan to Rhodesia and even from Senegambia, but everywhere rare. — mirabilis Warr., from mirahilis. Natal, is probably a race of the same species. Costa dark-mixed, base of forewing whiter, cell-spot larger, triangular distal white patch at hindmargin of hindwing less developed, etc. I have seen a somewhat inter¬ mediate example from Nyasaland. 8. Genus: Areliiehlora Warr. Similar in build to Victoria, from which it differs chiefly in the short palpus, that of Victorm being of moderate length, with the 3rd joint elongate in the $. The tongue is present, though generally slender. .Frenulum of $ weak. Exclusively African. A. pulveriplaga Warr. (2 d). A rather large species with ill-defined zigzag white lines and with terminal jndveri- white, grey-dusted blotches; those of the forewiug very large, especially the one at the tornus, w'hich reaches l^taga nearly to the cell-spot. Nigeria. A. ansorgei Warr. is a little smaller, slightly broader- winged, with the white markings much ansonjei. reduced iu size. Torn, Uganda, only the type known, perhaps merely an aberration or local race of pul- veriplaga. A. marginata Warr. {= phyllobrota Roll.) ( 2 d). Antennal pectinations less short than in the two preceding, marginata. Shaped nearly as ansorgei. Bright green. Costal margin of hindwing rather broadly white. The white lines generally present, the postmedian very proximally placed. The white, partly irrorated blotches are bandlike, arising at tornus, running towards — but rarely reaching — the costa. A dark red, black-mixed spot close to tornus of hindwing. Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone. A. marcescens Warr. (2d) is possibly an aberration of viridimacula, the pale parts redder, the green marcescens patches broader. Described from Nigeria, but reaching Sierra Leone. A. viridimacula Warr. (2 d). The most widely distributed of the group and rather variable. Whitish, suffix- virUUma- sed vith flesh-colour, the bright green patches arranged as shown in our figure, a small green distal spot bet- ween the median veins constantly present. The broader terminal patches and the pale base of the hindwing always distinguish it from marginata. Distributed iu West Africa (the type from Nigeria), known also from Uganda, Upper Congo, Nyasa and Usambara. A. devoluta Walk. (2e). differs from the preceding group in several respects and was placed by Warren devoluta. in a separate genus Chloroteras. Palpus extremely minute. Both wings with the termen crenulate, the fore wing angled at the 3rd radial, the hindvdng toothed at the 1st and 3rd radials. Characteristic is the extremely sinuous postmedian line of the forewing, followed in its posterior half by a white patch. Sierra Leone to Old Calabar. A. trygodes Prout has a similar paljms to devoluta (2 e) but is much smaller, more thinly scaled, recalling injgodcs. Trygodes nmsivaria H.-Sch. from South America. 1st median vein not stalked. A green spot in middle of cell, partly confluent 1001 a more proximal one posteriorly, the forewing in addition with two smaller ones between the cell and the distal margin. Madagascar: Diego Suarez. A. engenes Prout (2e). Similar in structure to trygodes. Antennal pectinations of d* long. General engencs. aspect of a Bathycolpodes, the coloration of the upperside recalling B. subjasciata Warr., the wing-shape and underside more as in B. anisotes. Madagascar: Diego Suarez. A. chariessa Prout (2 e). Near engenes, the face more mixed with red, forewing with costal border paler charicssa. and with an antemedian pale patch on hindmargin, hind wing with less strong tooth at 1st. radial; distal borders less irregularly bounded. Mountains of Central Madagascar. “ Phorodesma’’^ hemistrigata Mab. (1900), unknown to me, may be another related Madagascar species. 14 METACINETA; COMIBAENA. By L. B. Prout. zonata. A. zonata Walk, perhaps forms a separate genus, differing in venation — 1st subcostal of forewing anastomosing strongly with costal and 2nd subcostal (in the other species free), costal of hind wing approximated to subcostal to middle of cell, both wings with 1st median not stalked. Further characterized by the darkgreen colour, broad purple borders, irregularly swelling in the middle, and the purplish suffusion of the entire underside. Paffraria, Natal and N. Rhodesia, very rare. 9. Genus: Metaeiiieta Prout Palpus in both sexes short. Antenna in both sexes pectinate. Abdomen with small crests. Forewing rather broad, the 2nd subcostal vein stalked to far beyond the origin of the 5th; both wings with 1st median well separate. All the forms are very closely allied and as some are certainly variable it is at present impossible to determine the number of separate species. rernicoma. M. vernicoma Prout has no red spots excepting the small cell-dot and no white dots at ends of veins. Fringes with a fine interrupted red line at base and with red spots at the ends of the veins. Southern Nigeria. agfjravarla. M. aggravaria Guen. (= rhodosticta Hmps.) (2 e). Is a variable species, though the red (or purple) terminal line and spotted fringes remain constant. The typical form has moderately large red cell-spots and on the forewing a moderate i^urple-red postmedian patch between the 3rd radial and 2nd median vein. The type locality is unknown, as Gurnee cited “Cayenne” ? but I have seen such examples from the coastal regions of intermacu- Kenya Colony as well as Nyasaland and Rhodesia {rhodosticta Plnvps.) - - intermaculata Warr., from Senegal. ruhella markings larger and more pur])le, the costal margin mixed with purple. - rubella Warr. has the markings semialbi- smaller and lighter red, the costal margin cream-buff. S. Damagarim and Nigeria. - in ab. ( ?) semialbifrons frons. Prout the red postmedian patch vanishes altogether. I have only seen suspect it may be the usual (^-form. French Congo and Nigeria. - The species has a wide range in Tropical x4frica and extends to Southern Rhodesia. rufomargi- M. rufoniarginata Pagenst. is imknown to me, perhaps the same as aggravaria., but as it was described as a “Thalassodes'' and the shape is not given, nor the position of the small reddish brown sj)ot above the hind angle of the forewing, it remains somewhat doubtful. Quilimane. 10. Genus: Comibaeiia Hbn. This genus, apart from the larval habits (see Vol. 4, p. 19), is characterized by the elongate, heavily- scaled palpus and nearly always by a long terminal process to the G hindtibia. In coloration the species are often very similar to Metacineta, but the antenna of the $ is rarely pectinate, though that of the G has always long branches, and the 2nd subcostal vein of the forewing nearly always — I think always in the African species - - arises before the 5th. A. H i n d t i b i a w i t h 4 spurs. Antenna of $ not pectinate. longipcnnis. C. lougipennis Warr., of which only the type G is known, seems to differ from the following in having the distal margin of the hindwing less rounded, the tornus consequently produced. I suspect, however, that it is only a “sport” ; for the of esmeralda have always the hindwing decidedly narrower than the $ $. Degama, Niger. C. esmeralda Warr. (2e). Green, scarcely at all strigulated with white, the white lines placed as in leucospilata Walk. (2 e) but much fainter, the dark red terminal line not or scarcely interrupted with white dots at the veins. Fringes less sharply spotted than in the allies. Hindtibia of G with terminal process almost as long as 1st joint of tarsus. Senegambia to Gaboon, the type from Nigeria. Perhaps also in Uganda. rhodolopha. C. rhodolopha Prout is slightly more strigulated with white than esm.eralda, the lines wanting. Cell- spots rather large. Foretibial tuft red (in the allies brown). S. Rhodesia. Also from Nyasaland. rufitormis. C. rufitornus Prout (2e). More strigulated with white than the allies, the purple-red terminal line broadening at tornus, especially on forewing. The white fringes very sharply marked mth triangular red spots. Nairobi, Kenya Colony. leucospilata. C. leucospilata Walk. [=--- coryphata Fe/d.) (2 e). Bright green, a little strigulated with white, the slender white lines distinct, the terminal line not or scarcely broadening at tornus. Hindtibia of G with terminal process about half as long as 1st joint of tarsus. Fairly common in South & East Africa. harnsi. C. bamsl sp. nov. Expanse 31 mm. Palpus 1% times as long as diameter of eye. Crown green, with a slender white line in front. Antenna greenish; the pectinations long. Abdomen above with a red spot on first two segments. Light bice-green, the forewing with an ochre-red spot at tornus, about 2.5 mm in diameter ONEILIANA; CHEROSCELIS; LOPHORRHACHIA. By L. B. Prout. 1 5 the hindwing %VTLth a similar spot at apex, thus more like f uscidorsata Prouf from India than any other African species, the spots brighter red, none at anal angle of hindwing. The 2nd subcostal of the forewing arises distally to the 5th. W. Kivu: Upper Lowa Valley, near Masisi, 5000 — 6000 ft. altitude, forest and long grass, Eeln-uary 1924 (T. A. Barxs), the type only known (in coll. Joicey). C. punctaria Sioinh. (2f), from Madagascar, is a small species differing from all the others in having the pundaria. cell-spots ocellated (dull red with white pupils), the lines broken up into white dots, a row of large white terminal dots an the veins. B. Hindtibia with 4 spurs. Antenna of $ pectinate. C. hemictenes Prout. Very much like es^neralda and leucosjnlata (2 c) but with the terminal line swelling hemicfenes. at the hind angle of the forewing and at apex of hindwing. Antenna of $ with very short pectinations. Ivory Coast. C. flavitaenia Warr. has the white lines distinct, almost parallel (in the leucospilata group diverging fiavitaema. anteriorly), the terminal line simple and slender, the fringes white or creamy. Antenna of $ with moderate pectinations. Nigeria. Also known from Gold Coast, French Equatorial Africa and the Cameroons. — biviaria Hmpsn. (2 f), founded on a single $ from Ruwenzori, is an aberration, or at most a local race, with the hiviaria. white lines broader; the terminal line wanting, the fringe purer white than in typical flavitaenia. C. leucochloraria Mah. (2 f) is a beautiful and unmistakeable species, with the postmedian line con- leucochlo- tinued on the hindwing, on both wings curved inwards posteriorly, the distal area mixed with white. Mada- rana gascar. C. Hindtibia with 2 spurs (gen. cl i v. ? ) . C. pulchra Stgr., described and figured in Vol. 4, p. 19, t. 3 a, has subsequently been discovered in pulchra. Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Territory, but I have seen too little material to be able to say whether there is any racial modification. 11. Genus: Oiieiliaiia Pront. Palpus in d (also in $ ?) short. Antenna rather short, in the d pectinate. Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia with all spurs. x4bdomen in $ very robust, in both sexes vdth small crests. Hindwing mth distal margin slightly ventricose but not dentate; 2nd subcostal shortly stalked, 1st median slightly or scarcely stalked. The build and pattern of the only known species suggests that it may have a common origin with ArchicMora, but it shares more of the characters of the succeeding genera. From Lopliorrhachia it differs in the presence of all the hindtibial spurs. 0. multifera Prout (2 f). Remarkable for its colour, which is “buff-pink” (Ridgway, “Color Standards multifera. and Nomenclature”, pi. XXVIII) shaded at base and in central area with reddish, and for the numerous lilac- grey patches. Only a pair known, both from Shamva, S. Rhodesia. 12. Genus: Clieroscelis Prout. This genus was based (Gen. Ins. 129, p. 137) on the erroneous assumption that the type species would prove to have only 2 spurs on the hintdibia and would be capable of including also palliata Warr. und ruhri- corpus W arr. As now restricted, it differs chiefly from Oneiliana in having the antenna almost simple in both sexes and the 1st median of both wings stalked, besides the very different coloration and probably the diffe¬ rent $ palpus, which is here strongly elongate. C. oospila Prout (2 f) with its bright green wings and ample fleshy-ochreous terminal blotches, wns oospila. named from its resemblance to the South American genus Oospila. The type was from the Upper Congo and it has since been received from the Gold Coast. 13. Genus: l^opliorrkaeliia Prout. The type species of this genus is remarkable for the fact that the has 3 spurs on the hindtibia (which is here somewhat swollen at the end, with the single proximal spur rather near to the pair of terminal ones) while the $ has 2 only. In airicristata and palliata both sexes have terminal spurs only. The species show rather strong dimorphism, that of rubricorpus being sexual. The crested abdomen, the rather robust build, etc., associate them with one another and with the adjacent genera. The $ palpus, as in Gheroscelis, has the 3rd joint elongate. The 1st median vein is stalked in the hindwing only, or in atricristata not stalked. 16 HETEROCRITA; ADICOCRITA. By L. B. Prout. rithricorpus. omorrhodia. airicrisiafa. palVuda. usilpennis. bidentaia. araria. Ixorunata . discerpta. A. Hiiultibia of ^ with 3 spurs. Antenna of $ simple. L. rubricorpus IFarr. (= plagiata Auriv.', (J = niveicristata Front, ? aenospila B.-Bak). Abdomen of B partly green, the crests white ; that of the 9 predominantly red. The B lacks the reddish spot on abdominal margin of hind wing, often also that at tornus of forewing, rubricorpus was described from Nigeria, plagiata from Iviliniandjaro, niveicristata, from Natal, but the species is now known to inhabit also Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Cameroons, Nyasaland, Transvaal and even Madagascar; the latter perhaps a race, with larger, blacker blotches, but only a single $ yet known. omorrhodia suhsp. nov. (2 f) has the white dorsal crests on tei’gites 2 — 4 of the abdomen larger than in any other ^ of rubricor pus , a rosy mark at base of costa of fore wing just liehind the fine white costal line, a very small one at tornus of hindwing; hindwing less angled than in typical rubricor pus. Sao Thome Island, January cb Eebruary 192G (T. A. Babn.s), 3 $$ in the Joicey collection. B. Hindtibia of B with 2 spurs. Antenna of $ sometimes (palliata) pectinate. L. atricristata sp. nov. Evidently near rubricorpus (2 f), notwithstanding the loss of the proximal spur of the hindtibia. Abdomen with the anterior crests black. Hindleg slender throughout. Wing-shape and markings nearly as in well-marked B rubricorpus. Nyasaland; Zomba, October 1925, 1 (J, expanding 37 mm; in the Joicey collection, sent by H. Barlow. L. palliata Warr. (5 a) is a rather large species, recognizable at a glance by the very large, irregu- ^larly oval distal patch on the forewing; the markings at base and abdominal margin vary in extent. In ^le name-type all these dark markings are reddish. — ab. ustipennis Warr. has the markings dark purple-grey. Both forms were described from Southern Nigeria but the species is found from Sierra Leone to the Congo tand on i\It. Mlanje, Nyasaland. 14. Genus: Heterocrita Warr. W ARREX founded this genus on a d of bidentata B.-Bak., which he misidentified as “araria Guen.” This sjiecies has, as IVarrexs diagnosis indicates, thick and lamellate antenna and 2 spurs only on the hindtibia. The $ palpus is extremely long and slender, otherwise the sexes are alike. Both wings have the distal margin excavated between the 1st and the 3rd radial, the forewing scarcely noticeably, the hindwing rather deeply. In the “Genera Insectorum” (fasc. 139, j). 138) I misapplied the name Heterocrita to the true araria Guen. which differs in the antenna, the hindtibia, $ palpus, etc. ; see Adicocrita. H, bidendata B.-Bak. is a small species, recognizable by the shape and structure, the rather large red-brown rings on the 3rd discocellular and the purplish costal margin and distal margins, the latter slightly expanding near the apex and again (triangularly) at the tornus. Sierra Leone to Angola (the type locality), also from Nandi. 15. Genus: Adicocrita gen. nov. I propose this name for “Heterocrita ITn/r.”. Prout olim, in err. (Gen. Ins. 139, p. 138); see above. The $ palpus has the 3rd joint of moderate length. Antenna in A shortly pectinate, in $ simple. Hindtibia in both sexes with 1 proximal and 2 terminal spurs. Abdomen with small crests, about as in Lophorrhachia, to Sect. A of which, indeed, the present genus shows an evident relationship, though differing in the B hindtibia, the excavated distal margin of the hindwing and the rather wide separation of the 1st median at its origin from the 3rd radial on both wings. Only known from South Africa. A, araria Guen., founded on a damaged $ from Namaqualand, is larger than koranata {'2 g) and appears to differ further in having the abdomen (excepting the green base) predominantly wdiite, only with 2 anterrior red, white-centred spots, and the fringes reddish. A. koranata Feld. ( 2 g) has the abdomen above a good deal clouded with red, the crests red, some¬ times in the bordered on each side with white. Cell-dots red. Postmedian red vein dots (distinct in araria type) may be present or obsolete. Terminal line red. Fringe partly white, spotted with red at the veins. $ with a red mark at middle of abdominal margin of hindwing. Cape Colony and reaching the Transvaal. Perhaps a form of the following. A. discerpta Walk. (2 b) differs chiefly in having narrow purple borders above and beneath, but in adchtion the ter men of the hindwing seems less strongly toothed at the 1st and 3rd ra dials. Cape of Good Hope. Puhl S.V.1930. CENTROCHRIA; LEPTOCOLPIA; BATHYCOLPODES. By L. B. Prout. 17 16. Genus: Ceiitrocliria Gaede. Differs from Adicocrita in that the hindtibia has only 2 spurs ; from Heterocrita in the shape of the wings and especially in the short palpus of the The venation also shows some differences, but these are perhaps not constant. The distal margin of the hindwing is straight rather than concave between theradials. C. deprensa Prout (5 a) recalls, except in shape nnd structure, a small A. discerpta (2 b) with large cell- (lepreti.ui.. dots and more irregular borders. Transvaal. C. unipunctata Gaede (= metis Fawcett) (2 d), the type of the genus, is very near to deprensa (2 d), but >inipi(nc- the cell-dot very small on the forewing, obsolete on the hindwing, the tornal spots larger, the abdomen dor- sally red. - - The species is only known from Kenya Colony. 17. Genus: Ijeptocolpia Prout. This genus is probably near Bathycolpodes (infra) but has the fore wing narrower, scarcely excavated behind the apex, sharply angled at the 3rd radial, the 1st median of both wings separate from the 3rd radial. Antenna of G pectinate. Fore wing predominantly flesh-coloured, only banded with green. Both the species are from Madagascar. L. viridicatena Prout. The hindwing somewhat recalls that of Bathijcolpodes subjuscata (2d). The viridimtena. forewing has a blackish cell-spot, an irregular jiostmedian band of green spots and some irregular green and brown subterminal markings. L. oxygonia Prout differs in having the angle at 3rd radial of forewing much produced, the hind- oxygonia. wing with abdominal margin much longer and distal nrargin almost smooth, its green band extremely narrow, while that of the forewing is broader than in viridicatena and uninterrupted. 18. Genus: ISatliyeolpocleis Prout. This genus and those which follow seenr to be derived from a form related to ArcJiichlora, but with less well developed frenulum. They are generally of smaller size, but of moderately robust build, often with a black face and more or less infuscated underside. Bathycolpodes has the palpus minute, the G antenna ge¬ nerally nearly simple, that of the $ always simple, l)oth wings with the distal margin excavated between the apex and the 3rd radical. All the species are African. B. holochroa Prout. (3 a) Almost uniformly green above, only the costal area of the hindwing whitish; hotochroa. costal line of forewing and terminal line of both wings brown, spotted with black; fringes paler brown with blackish spots. Underside dark drab with a pale sidjinarginal band and some pale admixture at distal margin. Ja River, South Cameroons. B. vegeta Prout. Narrower winged than holochroa and only expanding 26 mm. Further distinguished vegcta. by having irregular, dark terminal patches on both wings from the apex to the middle and on the forewing at the hinder angle. Underside greenish, on the forewing suffused with fuscous, both wings with a lai’ge dark cell-spot. S. Nigeria: Ilesha. B. kabatia Swinh. is similar to vegeta, but with the excavations in the distal margin less deep, the kaharia. costal margin more broadly darkened, the terminal spots connected into a complete, though irregular, dark terminal band, containing a pale spot at apex. Underside fleshy brown, the terminal band containing several pale spots. Sierre Leone. B. marginata Warr. This species and the two which follow agree in having the upperside proximally marglnata. deep-green and distally red-brown irrorated with black, and differ chiefly in the extent of the two colours. In marginata considerably more than half the forewing is green, and about half the hindwing. Underside dull greenish with dark borders. Sierra Leone. • B. semigrisea Warr. (2 g) has the green area reduced, in the forewing terminating at apex of cell, thence semigrisea. a little excurved, passing over the base of the 3rd radial and 1st median, then again curving inward, that of the hindwing posterior only, its curved anterior margin scarcely entering the cell. LTnderside dark, as in holochroa, but with the submarginal band narrower and weaker; a consjAcuous pale distal spot in middle of forewing. Congo; also Cameroons and x4shanti. B. melanceuthes Prout (3 a) has the green still further reduced, measuring only about one-third of the melanceu- winglength, and the dark parts of the wings quite black. Underside also blacker and with the costal margin of the forewing reddish, whereas in semigrisea it is ochreous. Ja River, Cameroons XVI 3 18 CHLORODREPAXA. By L. B. Peout. c.rcavaia siibfuscaia . siibfcrrafa. chloroncftift. implumis. acoelopa. anisoies. iorniflorafa. biflorata. aequisecia . roihi. angusfi- margo. allivata. crypto- chroma. seltaia B. excavata Warr. (3 a) One of the smallest species. Both wings with the prominence at the 3rcl radial elongate. Forewing rather narrow, the green area mnch duller than in the previous group, more olive and quite differently disposed, being costal, broadening to the apex. Hindwing with an ill-defined olive-green post¬ median band and green apex. Nigeria. Also known from Gold Coast and Ivory Coast, Ashanti and the Cameroons. B. subfuscata Warr. (2 g) has more the shape of Heterocrita, and is very distinct in having a white area separating the green ground-colour from the border ; the latter less dark and less solid than in the marginaia group. Range as that of excavata. - subferrata subsp. n. The green ground-colour and brown borders more deeply coloured, the latter on the hindwing more mixed with grey and with a much redder spot at anal angle ; the white area less sinuous, much narrower, only expanding into a band on the anterior half of the hindwdng; underside more iron-grey. 8ao Thome, January-February 1926 (T. A. Barns), 3 (^<5 in the Joioey collection. B. chloronesis sp. n. (3 b) Face black. Antenna of ^ simple. Shape and coloration nearly as in sxibfuscata, ]>iit with only a very fine line separating the green ground-colour from the pale, fleshy-browmish border; border of forewing containing a green central patch, that of hindwing less sinuous-edged than in subfuscata. Both wings beneath maize-yellow with interrupted fuscous subterminal band; forewing (except at hindmargin) darke¬ ned as far as the postmedian line. Zululand: Eshowe, the type S iiiy collection. Natal; Impetyeni Forest, a larger $ in that of Prof. A. J. T. Janse. B. implumis sp. n. Face black. Forewing with distal margin scarcely sinuate, posteriorly strongly oblique (compare torniflorata), deeji dull green, slightly less yellowish than in the allies, the border irregular, rather less varied with buff-pink and black than in subfuscata and anisotes. Hindwing with the excavation moderately deep, the border broadest in its anterior half. Underside paler, the terminal patches at tornus of forewing and anterior half of hindwing infuscated. Escarpment W. of Semliki Valley, 20 miles S. W. of Boga, Belgian Congo, 3500 — 4000 feet, Jidy 1924 (T. A. Barns). Type in the Joicey collection. B. acoelopa Prout. Antenna of d* intermediate in structure towards that of the follewing species, bearing rudimentary pectinations. The excavations in the distal margin are even slighter than in anisotes, the hindwing narrower, both wings with the pale border rather broad, its proximal edge less sinuous, the contained dark mark on forewing extended (though narrowly and faintly) almost to the costa. S. Nigeria; Ilesha. B. anisotes Prout. Antenna of d with short but true pectinations. Face and palpus dull red, not black. The lighter coloration of the wings recalls some South American Racheolopha more than the typical Bathycolpodes. Underside similar to upper, but paler. Nigeria (type) and Cameroons. B. torniflorata Prout (3 a) has the d antenna simple but otherwise seems best associated with anisotes. Larger and recognizable at once by the tornal blotch of forewing and the strongly sjiotted fringes. S. Cameroons. - ab. biflorata ctb. n. has the blotch of the forewing reproduced in the upperside of the hindwing. Founded bn a d from Bitje, Ja River, May 1922, in my collection. 19. Genus: Cliloroclrepaiia Warr. Closely allied to Bathycolpodes, differing chiefly in shape, Except that the forewing is more or less fal¬ cate, the distal margin of both wings is smooth. Antenna of the d simple in all the known species. Confined to Tropical Africa. C. aequisecta Prout. (3 a) Differs from rothi (3 a) in having the pale costal border mottled with green, the proximal green area of both wings bounded by a straighter line, the pale distal area (which is about 4 — 5 mm broad) very weakly marked. S. Cameroons. C. rothi Warr. (3 a) is an unmistakable species, the forewing with pale, the hindwing with reddish costal border, both wings with the very broad purple-grey distal border separated from the ground-colour by an irregular whitish line; terminal dots rather large, black. $ larger than d. Southern-Nigeria and Cameroons. C. angustimargo Warr. has the distal borders much less than half as broad as in rothi. Sierra Leone. C. allevata Prout has the distal borders again much narrower (5 mm), separated from the fringe by a fine red line; hindwing with the costal margin broadly whitish ochreous. Lbiderside pale green, whereas those of rothi and ayigustimargo are predominantly fuscous shaded with pink. Uganda; Entebbe. C. cryptochroma Prout differs from the other species in having the forewing green throughout, the hind¬ wing green with the exception of a broad salmon-coloured costal area; underside ochreous, with a dark ter¬ minal and strong blackish iiToration, the forewing with a black apical spot. N. Kavirondo. sellata Gaede (5 a) has a stronger dark dorsal patch in the abdomen and perhaps darker terminal line in the wings above and less powdered hindwing beneath. Cameroons; also in my collection from Gold Coast. HYPOCOELA; ANTPIARMOSTES. By L. B. Pkout. 19 20. Genus: Hypocoela Warr. Agrees with the preceding genera in the firm texture of the wings, the short antennae and a few other characters. Palpus shortish or moderate, the 3rd joint in the $ elongate. Antenna in both sexes pecti¬ nate, the branches moderate or rather short in the (J, quite short in the Hindtibia with all spurs. Wing- form characteristic : forewing with costa arched distally, apex more or less falcate ; hindwing with costal margin short, abdominal margin long, distal margin smooth, curved. Exclusively African. H. drepana Prouf. Distinguishable by the sti’ongly falcate apex, which recalls a Drepanid. The dark drepana. basal patch and reddish central band, on a paler reddish ground-colour, also characteristic. Antennal pec¬ tinations in (J about 3 times as long as diameter of shaft. Central Madagascar. H. humidaria Sivmh. A variable spec'es, reddish or greenish, the markings much more confused than humidariu. in drepana, the apex less acutely produced. Upper-and underside with some coarse grey strigulae. Face red; vertex white. The type is reddish, with an ill-defined blackish band. — ab. viridescens nov. is greenish, with viridescens the central band only outlined, the costal area of the hindwing reddish. — ab. viridicolor nov. is more uniform viridicolor. green except that the strigulated area beyond the middle of forewing is more shot with violet-grey. Madagascar. H. subfulva Warr. (3 b). Apex only shghtly falcate, distal margin of forewing faintly concave bet- .suhfulva. ween the radial veins. Forewing beneath greenish, mixed with orange-buff, hindwing almost entirely of the latter colour; forewing with a blackish subterminal band in posterior part, sometimes fragmentary. Described from Nigeria, fairly general from Sierra Leone to the Congo. - - uniformis Warr., from Uganda, is a rather uniformis. large $ form with much stronger submarginal bands. As only the type is yet known, it may prove to be a mere aberration. H. spodozona Prout connects subfulva with humidaria, having more nearly the coloration of the former spodozona. but lacking - - like humidaria — the concavity in the termen of fore wing. The central band of dark irroration and the white subterminal lunules are distinctive. Underside nearest to that of subf ulva, the subterminal band replaced by blackish spots. Central Madagascar. H. turpisaria Siuinh. (3 a) ^ about 27 mm, $ larger. Eorewing rather broad, with a rather deep excavation turpisuria. behind the apex; dull green, easily fading to yellowish; a dark cell-dot and a curved dark outer line (from the 1st radial to hindmargin near tornus), beyond which is sometimes a solid dark border. Hindwing largely clouded with dark purple-grey, especially anteriorly, and crossed by ill-defined lines of the same colour. Underside much clouded, but with the costal region of the forevdng red. Nigeria and Cameroons. — ab. semirufa Druce semimfu. has the proximal half of the hindwing above bright orange-red, recalling the following species. H. zapluta Prout differs from turpisaria (3 a) in having the greater part of the hindwing, and almost the zaphda. whole of the underside, bright orange. Hindwing without lines, a greenish border, about 3 mm in width, from the tail to the abdominal margin, extending very narrowly along the latter towards the base. Only known from Uganda. 20. Genus: Autharmostes Warr. PerhajDs a group within the genus Gelasma, chiefly distinguished by the better develojied (though still generally small) abdominal crests and the more ornate distal margin. Exclusively African. A. Abdominal crests small. pectinations very short. Hindwing without a tooth at end of 1st radial. A. simplicimargo Profit (3 b) has the simplest pattern, only a costal line and the terminal line of both simpUci- wings being red. Abdominal crests vestigial, dull reddish. Hindwing with the tail rather shorter than in most margo of the other species. Upper Congo. A. interalbicans Warr. (3 b) is the commonest species and differs in the sinuous white, slenderly dark- hiteralbi- bordered line at distal margin. Underside paler, the middle of the forewing suffused with reddish ; terminal line and fringe very dark. Sierra Leone to Congo, the type from the latter country. A. mesoleuca Warr. differs from interalbicans in lacking the white terminal line but developing, on the )ncsoleuca. other hand, a conspicuous white terminal spot between the 3rd radial and 1st median an both wings. Perhaps, however, a mere aberration. Southern Nigeria. A. marginata Warr. Variable, perhaps a further development of ^nesoleuca, with the midterminal patches marginata. much extended. The distal margins, however, make a slight approach to papilio in shape. — ab. semimarginata semimargi- W arr. has the dark terminal line thickened, the pale spots more or less dusted over with fuscous. — ab. fuscimai'go . lF«rr. has the dark borders still broader, the central pale spots 3 mm in width. — Sierra Leone to the Congo; Uganda. or'tnophra(j- ma. pupil 10. oblongaki. ohlonrjula. meloui. iriplicifas- da. coivani. iusdpxincta 20 PERITHALERA; EPIGELASMA; GELASMA. By L. B. Pkout. A. orinophragma sp. n. (3 b). Face and palpus above bright red. Antennal pectinations extremely short. Vertex red; occiput green. Hindtibia somewhat dilated. Wings less dark green than in marginata, the borders differently shaped (slightly variable) and edged proxinially with white instead of with fuscous. Hindwing with the tail short. Underside very im;ch paler, the borders shadowy. W. Kivu : Upper Lowa River, near Masisi, 5000 — 6000 feet, February 1924, 3 (T. A. Barns). Type in the Joicey collection. B. Abdominal crests well developed. ^ pectinations inoderate. Hindwing with a tooth at end of 1st radial. A. papilio Front. (3 b). A quite unmistakable species, on account of the shape, the very broad borders, the dark red spot on the tail of the hindwing, etc. Described from Magila, but now known from scattered localities from Victoria Nyanza to Barberton, Transvaal. 21. Genus: Perithalera Warr. Tongue slight. Palpus in d rather short, with 3rd joint small, in $ greatly elongate, with 3rd joint extremely long. Antenna pectinate in the d, dentate in the $. Hindtibia with 4 spurs, in the A with a strong hair-pencil. Both wings with the distal margin ventricose, the venation without outstanding peculiarities. Only two species are yet known. P. oblongata Warr. (3 c) Green, with white costal edge, dark-red cell-spots (that of the hindwing elongate) and terminal line, and white fringes spotted with red. Underside whitish, without markings. Nigeria, also from Sieira Leone and Ivory Coast. P. oblongula Front has the white costal edge much narrower than that oiohlongata, the cell-dots minute, the terminal line slightly crenulate, the hindwing slightly angled at the 3rd radial, otherwise less strongly gibbous. Abdomen slenderer than that of oblongata. N. Madagascar. 22. Genus : Spig^elaisma gen. nov. Palpus in both sexes short and rather slender. Antenna in ^ moderately pectinate, in $ shortly pectinate or serrate. Hindtibia of not dilated, proximal spurs at about V4 tibia. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in the stronger than in most of the surrounding genera, in the $ also retained, though weak. Scaling and venation nearly as in Gelasma, 1st subcostal of forewings arising from the cell, 1st median occasionally stalked, costal of hindwing anastomosing shortly vdth subcostal. The hindwing is not or scarcely angled at the 3rd radial. — Type of the genus: Epigelasma meloui sp. nov. — Distinct from Gelasma in the short $ palpus, better developed frenulum and typically in the pectinate $ antenna. Apparently confined to IMadagascar. A. Section. Antenna of $ with pectinations, about as long as diameter of .shaft. E. meloui sp. n. (3 c). Expanse 36 — 42 mm, the only known $ 43 mm. White, slightly irrorated with green, especially in the anterior part of forewing, and with 4 green bands, the 2 subterminal ones very thin. Hindwing also with abdominal margin green, the bands converging posteriorly. Small green cell-dots and a fine green terminal line. Face red above, white below; palpus reddish. Described from a good series from Diego Suarez in IMus. Tring, collected by G. Melou. Differs from the other species of similar coloration in the structure and in the rounded hindwing. B. Section. Antenna of $ serrate. E. triplicifascia Front (3 d) is much smaller, the bands slenderer, less sharply defined, the cell-dots black. Differs also in shape, especially that of the hindwing, which has a slight angle at the 3rd radial. Central ^Madagascar. 23. Genus: Oelaisma Warr. This genus, sens, strict., does not belong to the Aethiopian Region. A short account of it is given in Vol. 4, p. 22, and it will be further discussed in Vol. 12. The two Madagascar species which are provisionally referred to it are aberrant in having the 1st subcostal of the forewing well stalked with the others and anastomosing with the costal; 1st median of hindwing not always stalked with 3rd radial. G. cowani Btlr. Face white. Palpus with 1st and 2nd joints crimson on outerside. Forewing with costa rather strongly curved. Both wings with nearly the markings of Ferithalera oblongula, but the costal edge of the forewing is reddish black and there are dark postmedian dots on the veins. Tail of hindwing rather sharp. ^Madagascar. G. fuscipuncta Warr. differs from cowani in having the apex of the forewing and the tail of the hindwing less acrite, the minute cell-dots black, postmedian dots blackish, terminal line wanting, fringes plain greenish. Madagascar: IMorondava. Only the type known. THALASS0DE8; PRASINOCYMA. By L. B. J^kout. 24. Genus: Tlialassotles A very homogeneous group of ludo-Australiau and African Heinitheinae with most of the charactei’s of Gelasma, but the discocelhdars of the hindwing extremely oblique, so that the cell is at least 1 14 times as long posteriorly as anteriorly. The wings are generally more or less sti'igulated with white, as in tyj)ical Prasinocyma. The African species have the venation of the fore wing usually more specialised than the Indo- Australian, the 1st subcostal arising from the end of the cell or from the stalk of the other subcostals. T. unicolor Warr. is only definitely known in a series of not very perfect $$ from Southern Nigeria, miicolor. hence it is difficult to say whether it may not prove to be a form of digressa or whether my dentatilmea may be a form of it. Size as in the larger $-fornis of digressa, palpus perhaps very slightly longer; distingiushed by the obsolescence of the white lines and, on the hindwing, of the white cell-mark. Fringes ap])arently white proximally, not yellow. Aurivillius has recently recorded from Fernando Po a Thalassodes which he believes to the referable here and Mr. T. A. Barns has taken a similar one on Sao Thome. T, dentatilinea Prout (3 c) is perhaps merely a form of the following, with strongly expressed, strongly (/(’/(/(/n/i/a'a. dentate bluish-white lines, but as the wings are not quite so robust and the hindwing appears somewhat more sharply angled in the middle I am not yet prepared to sink it. Known from Sierra Leone to Nigeria, the type being from the latter country. T, opaca Warr. is a small species (20 — 29 mm), of a rather opaque blue-green colour, with the costal upucu. edge and the fringes yellow. Hindwing quite weakly angled at the 3rd radial. Lines bluewhitish, as in dentatilinea, but more slender and indistinct, sometimes almost obsolete. Apart from the type $ and 3 other examples from Warri, S. Nigeria, I only know a $ from Bingerville, Ivory Coast. T. digressa Walk. (=- ricinaria Cbtew., chlorinaria Mab. aequaria Mah., subreticidata Mab., sapoliaria diijrc.-^tiu. Swinh.) (2 h). By far the commonest African species of Thalassodes. Very variable in size. Distinguished from all the preceding by the straight white postmedian line of the forewing. Palpus scarcely so long. Angle of hindwing moderate. Face red, as in all the Continental African Thalassodes yet known. Occurs almost through out Trojhcal Africa and southwards to Durban, also on the Comoro Islands, Madagascar, Reunion and Mauri¬ tius. It has been bred from Ricinus. Larva very slender, green, with sharply bifid head and bright red dorsal line. Pupa slender, greenish (Guenee). T. progressa Prout (3 c). Much like a darker, duller, blue-green digressa with the lines nearly obsolete, progressa. but distinct from all the African Thalassodes in having a hair-pencil on the G hindtibia. Palpus longer than in digressa. North Madagascar. single G fi’om Uganda, with similar structure, probably represents a race. T. hyraria Guen., founded on a single, somewhat mutilated $ from Reunion, differs from all the hyrurla. preceding in its bright green face. Palpus long. Wings blue-green, rather strongly strigulated with white, the lines on the forewing almost entirely obsolete, the postmedian of the hindwing well traceable. Hindwing with the angle at the 3rd radial l.)lunt. T. ( ?) ostracites Karsch is only known in the $, and I suspect that the discovery of the q will show oiitracites. it to be congeneric with Hemisfola albisficta Warr. which it closely resembles in colour and markings. The face, however, is red, not green and the terminal joint of the palpus is strongly elongate; moreover the hindwing is rather more acutely angled and has the discocellular almost or quite as oblique as in Thalassodes. Madagascar, onlj^ two specimens known to me. A race ( ?), also only known in two $$, occurs at Nairobi. 25. Genus: l*rasiiiocyma Warr. The typical group of this very extensive genus belongs to Africa and is here very rich in closely allied species. Probably many are still confused in collections, while on the other hand it is not unlikely that some of the supjiosed differential characters of species — presence or absence of a cell-dot or on the forewing of a hindmarginal white spot — are in some cases varietal only. To facilitate sorting them by these characters, we have arranged the more difficult species in corresponding order: \V i n g s \v i t li o u t li i n d m a r g i 11 a 1 spot or black c e 1 1 - d o t s *): Iranqiiilla to punchlora. W i 11 g s w i t li li i n d m a r g i 11 a 1 spot b t w i t'h out black cell - dots: chloroprosopa to albhiotafa. Wings w' i t h black c e 1 1 - d o t but with o u t h i n d ni a r g i n a 1 spot: najlstrigida to dohcrti/i. Wings with bin d ni a r g i n a 1 s p o t: (unless in celhdaria) and black c e 1 1 - d o t s: nigrlDiuctda to (jajdacsi. The genus may be regarded as the centre of the group in which the frenulum is present in the <5' but obsolete in the $ and contains all the species which present no outstanding peculiarity of sha})e or structure. *) Only in veiauiculariu with minute black cell dots at times present. Candida. iranquilla. paUidulatu ■ dcfjcnerata. ■ini'cr.sicau- lis. sbniaria. angol ica. aaipla. xanthu pcra . schssaria. vennica- laria. neavci. tandi. pictifim- bria. panchlura . 22 PRASIXUCYMA. By L. B. Beout. Palpus with the 3rd joint more or less elongate in the Hindwing rounded or bent at the 3rd radial. Venation normal. P. Candida Front (3 c) is an unmistakable species, the face being black, the wings white, entirely without markings. Hindwing rounded. Antennal pectinations short. Expanse 30 mm. Diego Suarez, Mada¬ gascar, only known from P. tranquilla Front (3 c) is a small species, rather bright green, without strigulation, the rounded hindwings recalling a 8yndromo(Ies\ fringes gi’een, tipped with white. Abyssinia, in the neighbourhood of Harar. P. pallidulata Mah. appears likely, according to the description, to belong to this genus. 23 — 24 mm. Wings jJale blue-green, slenderly and very aensely vermiculated with white ; a common median fascia of a more intense and less strigulated green. Fringe similar. Wings beneath white, glossy, costa somewhat yellowish. Face red, antennae red. Near vermicularia Guen (2 h). Madagascar. P. degenerate Front. Smaller than tranquilla and differing structurally in that the hindtibia of the G has a hair-pencil and the tarsus is only one-half as long as the tibia. Face reddish brown. Pectinations rather long. Mbngs opaque green, not strigulated; cell-dots indistinct, dark-green. Hindwdng rounded. Fringes as in tranquilla (3c). S. E. PuwEnzori. P. inversicaulis Front. Groi^p of scissaria (2 h). Face brighter red. Hindtibia without hair-pencil. Terminal joint of palpus in G shorter. MTngs slightly narrower; colour slightly darker, the white strigulation equally strong. I have only seen the type, from Pinetown, Natal; in this, the stalking of the 3rd radial of the hindwing is longer than that of the 1st radial. P. simiaria Guen. (= tenuis G TFurr., ex err.) (3 c). Rather smaller and less strongly striated with white than vermicnlarm (2 h), the face dull reddish. Probably nearer to scissaria Feld (2 h)., from South Africa, but of a less bright, more bluish green, the hindwing more or less angled at the 3rd radial, the G hindtibia with a longer terminal process. Described from Senegal, since received from Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast. AVaerex’s tenuis (Novit. Zool. 5, p. 16) was founded on a mixture, but his type proves to be the $ (see Androzeugma), while his A appears to be a small, narrow-winged simiaria in poor condition. In that case Warri, S. Nigeria, is to be added to its range. - angelica snhsp. h. is rather larger (the Gious, fairly regular, short white strigulae; apparently transitional towards rhodocycla (3 a); hind’ning more rounded; cell-dots smaller and browner; no white spot at hindmargin of foreAving. Palpus, pectinations (continuing well beyond the 30th joint), wing-shape and brighter green colouring distinguish it from idiotica. \y. Kivu: S. side of Middle Lowa Valley, 8. of Walikali, 3500 feet, forest land, March 1924 (T. A. Bakxts), only the type known, coll. Joicey. P. geminata Prout (3 d). Broad-winged, rather bright green, costal edge of forewing pink. Face'green, only with a red line at U2)per edge. Hindtibia of with hair-jrencil. Hindwing appreciably, though weakly, angled; a quite distinctive ]) a i r of black cell-dots; both wings with minute dark terminal dots. Kenya Colony. P. batesi sp. n. 33 mm. Face bright green. Palpus red, with terminal joint short. Hindtibia scarcely dilated. Wings shajoed and coloured nearly as in geminata, the hindwing a little more angled, the colour perhaps a little lighter, with costa scarcely so rosy; cell-mark of hindwing single, though somewhat elongate. Fringes as in trijilijimhrio . Cameroons: Fumban, 4000 feet, Se^Member 1922 (G. L. Bates). Type in coll. L. B. Prout. P. pulchi'aria Stvinh. (3 e) is another bright-green species with pink costal edge, but has the face red and the hindwing rounded. Hindtibia not dilated. Cell-dots small. Not rare in Kenya Colony. Also known from Nyasa and the Transvaal. P. sanguinicosta Prout. 27 mm. Differs from all the other s])ecies in having the costal edge of the forewing broadly bright-red. Hindtibia with hair-jDencil. Wings shaped, coloured and strigulated nearly as in the scissaria groiqi, hindwing rounded, minute cell-dots jmesent. Khartum, only the type known. P. dohertyi Warr. (3 e). Larger and jDerhajAS still broader than geminata, antenna more pink, structure more nearly as in pulchraria-, the 2>iuk costal edge mixed with blackish; cell-dots large, brownish; terminal dots strong. Kikuyu Escarpment (loc. typ.), Ruwenzori and Ruanda. P. nigrimacula Prout. As broad-winged as geminata, hindwing similarly shap)ed. Costal edge buff, not pink. Cell-dots single, fairly large, terminal black dots small. C'haracterized by an additional, large black dot at hindmargin of forewing just beyond the middle. The hindlegs are lost in l)oth the knoAATi (^(^. Uganda (tyqie) and Nairobi; ( ?) Angola (a damaged $ Avith unusually short terminal joint of jAalpus). P. neglecta Pront (3 e). Brighter green than most of the similar s^iecies. Face reddish, slightly sjR’inkled Avith green; a narroAv Avhite band beloAV. PaljAus in $ as in gemmatimargo. Hindtibia of ^ AAuth Avhite hair-])encils and very short terminal process. In some aberrations the composite hindmarginal spot of the foreAA’ing is reduced. Described from Urindi district, Tanganyika, but is very widely distribiited from Nigeria and Angola to the Great Lakes and into Nyasaland. P. congrua Wall'. (2 h), founded on a faded from “Congo”, Avas treated by Savinhoe as identical AAuth the folloAving sjAecies, but seems to have the 3rd joint of the pal2)us definitely shorter ( f-j of 2nd joint), terminal process of hindtibia also shorter, unless damaged (apjoears only L3 length of 1st tarsal joint). I believe I have matched it from Kiimasi, 8. Cameroons and Bopoto (Upper Congo), but the grouj) is exceedingly difficidt and stands in need of more exhaustive study. P. nigripunctata Warr. (3 e). Blue-green, duller than neglecta, the Avhite strigulae short, in juinctiform, not very strong. Face red-brown. Palj^us in ^ Avith 3rd joint I/2 length of 2nd, in $ very long. Hindtibia of with hair-2)encil and a moderate terminal jArocess, fully half the length of 1st tarsal joint; tarsus shorter than in neglecta. C'ameroons; apjAarently distril)uted as far as 8ierra Leone and jAerhaps Plnyoro. nandiensis form. n. ( ? suhsp.). seems to l)e a larger race of nigripunctata (cJ(J 33 — 10 mm, against 30— 35 mm for the bVest African race) from Ran, Nandi Country, 9 in Mus. Tring (Ax.sorge). P. delicataria Mdscld., founded an a faded from Aburi, Gold Coast, is similar to the two jmeceding, but the face seems to be green and the jialpus perhap)S still shorter than in congrua. Hindtibia! jn'ocess nearly as long as in nigripunctata. Hind wing slightly naiTower and more angled, recalling Thalassodes. Cell-dots A^ery small; minute terminal dots (scarcely visible) at the ends of the veins. P. niphobola sp. n. (J, 43 mm. Face green. Palpus U/j. Antennal pectinations rather stoAit, aboiit 3 times as long as diameter of shaft. Abdominal tergites each AAdth a Avhite anterior sjAot. Hindtibia AA'itli hair- jAencil, but Avithout process. Wings with the AAdiite irroration more punctiform than strigulate, some dots in, behind and just beyond the cell someAvhat enlarged; minute dark cell-dots and terminal dots; foreAA’ing AA'ith a large Avhite sjAot at hindmargin beyond middle marked exteriorly Avith grey-broAvn; fringes green, AA'ith Avhite spots at the veins. Hindwing fairly broad, with Avell-marked, though not acute, angle at 3rd radial. bV. Kivu : Upi^er Lowa Valley, near Masisi, 5000— 6000 feet, February 1924 (T. A. Barns), the unique type in the Joicey collection. Differs from rugistrigula in the larger AA'hite spots, the sjiotted fringes, etc. P. jefferyi sp. n. 36 mm. Face bright green, Avhitish beloAv, a red line above. Length of paljms not quite 1 % diameter of eye, Avith terminal joint rather short; reddish broAvn, beneath Avhite. Antennal jiectinations Pabl. 9. r. 1930. PRASINOCYMA. By L. B. Prout. rather long and slender. Hindleg and abdominal spots as in nvphohola. Porewing with apex rather acute; bright green, as in gemmata (3 d), the white strigulae short but numerous, the costal edge buff, tinged with pink; cell-dot minute; hindmarginal spot moderate, white proximally, red and blackish mixed distally; fringe proximally green with white spots, distally whitish. Hindwing moderately angled; cell-dot and fringe as on forewing. Kenya Colony: Lumbwa, October 1923 (G. W. Jeffery), type in coll. Brit. Mus. A very worn ^ from Lualaba Valley, Belgian Congo, in the Tring Museum seems identical. A ^ from Blantyre in Mus. Brit, may represent a race, with smaller abdominal and hindmai’ginal spots (fringes lost). P. trifilifimbria Prout (3f). Pace dull red, narrowly white below. Structure about as in congrua\ 3rd joint of palpiis in $ rather short. Pringes tricoloured, proximally green, centrally white, distally reddish grey. Cameroons and probably Southern Nigeria. - - leucopis Prout differs in its pale-green face (fading to whitish), only narrowly red above, and in the widening of the white central band of the fringe. Nyasa, in coll. JOICEY. P. centralis Prout (3 f). Closely like the most brightly coloured specimens of trifilifwihria, perhaps a form of it, unless the palpus is slightly shorter still. Cell-dots and hindmarginal spot larger, the former narrowly ringed with whitish; fringes without the central white line. Uganda, the type from Mount Ruwenzori; also N. W. Kivu and a smaller form (race?) from Cameroons and S. Nigeria. P. pupillata Warr. (3 f) is larger, with the apex more acute, the hindmarginal spot of forewing smaller than in centralis. Palpus similar. Pace green. Kikuyu Escarpment. P. rhodocycla Prout (5 a). Palpus much longer, in the $ somewhat over twice as long as diameter of eye. Pace reddish, but in part mixed with green. Wings more rounded, cell-spots more red, the white hindmarginal spot of forewing very slight. Described from Ivory Coast, but proves to be widely distributed (Senegal, Gold Coast, Upper Congo, Kenya Colony). Possibly a form of the following, as the colour of the face seems rather variable in this group. P. oculata Prout combines the green face of piipillata witlj the long palpus of rl'odocycla. Wings rather less broad and less rounded than in the latter, the white hindmarginal spot of the forewing extremely small. Daro Porest, Toro, Uganda, only the type yet definitely known. A broad-winged $ from Kumasi seems to agree. A from N. Kavirondo has the cell-dots smaller, the white hindmarginal spot wanting. P. cellularia Guen. is unknown, to me, but probably very near oculata biit faded. 35 mm. Greyish water-green, white strigulae well visible, hindwing in part snffused with this white, leaving the veins green, and with a black cell-spot, surrounded by testaceous; a similar, but much feebler spot discernible on forewing. Pace white. Reunion. P. stictimargo Warr. Not quite so large as pupillata. Differs further in its duller colour (bluish grey green), small and not white-ringed cell-dots, enlarged hindmarginal spot and especially in the black dots at vein-ends, bordered by larger white dots on the fringe. Kikuyu Escarpment. P. stictoloma Prout. Smaller than stictimargo (31 — 33 mm), 3rd joint of G palpus slightly shorter still, face dull reddish, apparently less mixed with dark scales, wings rather less irrorated and striated with white, forewing with dark terminal dots smaller, hindwing rather narrower, rather sharply angled at 3rd radial. Hindtibia of G dilated, with very short terminal process. Uganda. P. gajdacsi sp.n. (3 f) ?, 35 — 40 mm. Pace green, discolouring to buff. Palpiis about 1(4, 3rd joint relatively short. Forewing at least as broad as in pupillata, with similar apex; rather bright green, with the white irroration and strigulation slight; cell-dot minute, black; the spot on hindmargin pale cream-buff, well developed; large dots of the same colour at the ends of the veins, finely edged with black-brown distally; fringe green. Hindwing ample, with termen wavy, bluntly angled at 3rd radial; cell-dot and termen as on forewing. Abyssinia: Adis Abeba, July 1926, the type, and June 1926, 2 smaller (Gajdacs), Mus. Tring. P. rubrimacula Warr. (3 e) differs from all the other species in the large, predominantly rose-coloured hindmarginal spot of the forewing. Unyoro (type) and reaching Kivu and Nairobi. P. differens Warr. Unlike any preceding African Prasinocyrna, more recalling some Papuan species. Palpus short. Hindtibia not dilated. Expanse 30 mm. Opaque bright green, without white strigulation; forewing with a large, hindwing wdth a small cell-dot; both wings with small white dots at vein-ends; fringes predominantly rosy-purplish, proximally darker-spotted opposite the veins and with slender green streaks between the veins. Hindwing with termen very slightly bent in the middle. Underside with rosy suffusion proximally, costally more blackened. Kikuyu Escarkment, only the type known. P. salutaria Sivinh. (= differens ^ Warr., ex err.) (3 f) resembles differens in the fringes, though these are paler, but is a more typical Prasinocyrna in its texture. Palpus in both sexes long and slender. Hindtibia XVI 4 irlj'difhn- hria leucopifi. centi'aU.9. piipiltata. rhodocycla. oculata. cellularia. stictimargo stictoloma. gajdacsi. ruhrimacu- la differens. salutaria. 26 PRASINOCYMA. By L. B. Prout. of (J with hair pencil. Porewing with a very small white spot on hindmargin before middle, often also traces of the other 2 white spots of hadrata (2 h), cell-dots of the two wings equal in size. Sierra Leone to Kikuyu Escarpment, the last-named being the type locality. irujlena. p. triglcna sp. n. (3 g) $, 30 mm. Similar to salutaria, jialpus perhaps still longer, almost 3 times as long as diameter of eye. Less yellowish and more opaque green, with similar or rather smaller black cell-dots; an oblique row of 3 small white, distally dark-scaled spots proximally on forewing, the first in middle of cell, the second, slightly more distal, midway between the median and submedian veins, the third and most distal at hindmargin, corresponding to those of salutaria, the hindmost less distally placed than in /mdrfha ; terminal white dots present, but no rosy markings on fringe; hindwing slightly less angled than in salutaria. Forewing beneath with faint fleshy-grey suffusion, except at margin. Antennal shaft white to Ijeyond middle. L^sambara, ca. 1600 m. (Weiss jun.), type in Zool. Mus. Berlin. hadrata. P. hadrata Feld. (2 h) is bluer green than triglena, forewing less broad, hindwing tailed, cell-dots obsolete, fringe spotted with dark red-brown opposite the veins, etc. Palpus moderately long. Knysna, only the type (J known. albisticfa. P. albisticta Warr. (3g). Palpus in the about as in hadrata, in the $ strongly elongate. Colour and shape intermediate towards triglena. Abdomen with a dorsal stripe of reddish and blackish, containing white spots. Cell-dots minute or obsolete. Hindmarginal spot almost central, very small, but with some dark scales distally. The white terminal spots bounded proximally by a very fine, sinuous dark line. Fringe pale, yellowish and whitish, dark spotted. Nandi Country (type) and distributed from Ivory Coast to S. Rhodesia. hifimhriata. P. bifimbriata Prout is perhaps related to albisticta. On an average smaller, palpus less long, abdomen not ornamented, hindtibia without hairpencil. Slightly more yellowish green, unmarked except for minute black cell-dots. Fringes characteristic, unspotted, proximally buff-yellow, distally grey. Described from the Transvaal, Imt subsequently seen from isolated localities from Abyssinia to Natal. niveisticta. P. niveisticta Front (3 g). Termen and fringe as in salutaria, also the $ palpus; that of the ^ much less long. Ground-colour more nearly as in Iriglena, but a little more bluish. Distinctive is the white, dark- adornata. edged spot at anal angle of both wings, enclosing some rosy scaling. Natal. — adornata Prout, from Ashanti (loc. typ.) and Ivory Coast, has the spots at anal angle enlarged and develops a still larger one, similarly coloured, at apex of hindwdng, reaching the 1st radial. ieirucosmia. P. tetracosmia sp. n. d', 29 mm. Evidently near adornata, the hindwing rather broader and less angled. Face green. Length of palpus diameter of eye, 3rd joint well over y.y of 2nd joint. Pectinations 4 times as long as diameter of shaft, continuing about to joint 30. Abdomen above green at base, then fleshy, mixed with white and blackish. Hindtibia not dilated. Wings thinly scaled, dark yellowish green; costal edge of fore wing buff, dark-spotted; hindwing with whitish cell-dot; apical and tornal blotches developed on both wings, on forewing rather more extended longitudinally than transversely, respectively touching 1st radial and just crossing 2nd median, the apical of the hindwing almost reaching 3rd radial; terminal spots whitish buff; fringes variegated. Kivu: Rugege Forest, Ruanda district, 7000 feet, December 1921 (T. A. Barns), the unique type in the Joicey collection. meyacydes. P. megacydes sp. n. (J, 40 mm. Face white, mixed with green. Palpus ll^ diameter of eye, terminal joint rather short; dull red, beneath white. Antenna pectinate to about the 32nd joint. Abdomen with some white dorsal spots. Hindtibia with hair-pencil; terminal process very short. Wings deep didl yellow-green, rather thinly scaled; markings irregular, white, delicately tinged with pink; a broad band close to base, on fore wing not crossing subcostal; a reniform cell-spot, on hindwing joined to a white costal area and followed by some white maculation between the radials; a large patch from end of hindmargin, tapering to a point anteriorly, this point placed behind 1st median on hindwing, at 3rd radial on fore wing, on the latter touching a subterminal spot between the radials; small terminal spots, enclosing blackish dots at the veins. Hindwing with termen crenulate. Kivu: Virunga Mountains, 9000 feet, October 1921 (T. A. Barns). Type in coll. Joicey. A beautiful species, recalling an Anisozyga. 'pcrjmtve- P. perpulverata Prout (3h). Wings relatively a little narrower than in typical Prasinocyma, hindwing rata, distal margin rounded. Palpus in both sexes with terminal joint short. The difference in colour, which gives to this species such an abnormal aspect, is merely due to its desert environment (see p. 1). Hindtibia not subfasciata. dilated. Somaliland (loc. typ.) and Abyssinia. — ab. subfasciata Prout has on the forewing indications of a dark basal patch, dark central band and terminal dashes between the veins. Somaliland, with the tyjie. — ‘perscripta. ab. (? sp. div.) perscripta Prout is small (16 mm) and with still more markings, the median area broadly dark- mixed in anterior half, a dark costal subterminal patch (as in loveridgei), the hindwing somewhat shortened. Founded on 1 A from Mandera, Somaliland. I now suspect it will prove a form of the following. loveridgei. P. loveridgei Prout. Similar to perpulverata. Hindtibia of A irith pencil and terminal process. IVings slightly less narrow, more variegated. Forewing with a tinge of green costally, an irregular dark central shade GELASMODES; IDIOCHLORA; METALLOCHLORA; CHLORTSSA. By L. B. Frout. or band, some dark shading proximally to the subterminal, especially in anterior half, the subterminal itself, or the entire terminal area more or less pale. Hindwing rather less densely irrorated. Tanganyika Territory and Kenya. 26. Genus: Cvelaismoiles Prout. Differs from Thalassodes and Prasinocyma in having the 1st subcostal of the forewing stalked with the others, instead of arising from the cell, and in having the antenna of the $ strong pectinated. Hindwing with 1st median not stalked. Erected for a single species. G. fasciata Warr. (3 h) is easily recognized by its structural characters, white ground-colour and fmchda. irregular green bands. Described from Nigeria, but reaches Gold Coast and Gaboon. 27. Genus: Iclioelilora Pwut. To this Indian genus — perhaps, however, merely a subgenus of Metallochlora — may be referred one Madagascar species which stands somewhat apart. The antenna of the d' lacks the fascicles of cilia which characterize MetallocMora, the abdomen is entirely without crests and the larger size and less smooth scaling give it a different appearance. The African species of Metallochlora, nevertheless, and especially melanopis Prout, are in some respects intermediate. Palpus with 3rd joint moderate in <5', long in $. I. cinctuta Saalm. (5 a) differs from the Indian genotype, ophthahnicata Moore, in the more irregular cinchda. distal margins, dark teeth on the postmedian and more rounded cell-spot of hindwings. — ab. dentata Mah. dentata. has the cellring of the hindwing minute or obsolete. Madagascar. 28. Genus : Metallochlora Warr. Essential structure as in the well-known Hemithea (vol. 4, p. 23) except that the hindtibia of the (T has all the spurs present. The typical Indo- Australian group has the abdominal crests metallic, the wings bright yellow-green, but the African ones, which are really outliers or perhaps Rdly spurred Hemithea or Ghlorissa, show the general facies of these latter. M. melanopis Prout (5 b). A relatively very large species, with black face, blackish crests (slightly metcmopis. metallic) deep-green wings and spotted fringes. Angle of hindwing sharp. .la River, Cameroons. M. misera Prout. Shape of melanopis, but very much smaller (18 — 23 mm), very dull grey-green or misera. rather deep olive-grey, the white lines not or scarcely broken into spots, highly zigzag; distal margins with white spots; fringe not spotted. Face dull green. This and the following are extremely like some dull-coloured Hemithea. Ivory Coast; ? Upper Congo. M. grisea Prout. More glossy, intermediate in colour towards glacialis (2 k). Probably very closely grisea. related to this latter, but with a bright buff patch on the abdomen dorsally, slightly mixed vdth red and bearing rather strong, lighter buff crests. Face bright red. Founded on a $ from Congella, Durban. M. glacialis Butl. {= zebraea Saalm.) (2k). A very small species, the grey wings with strong violet glacialis. reflections. Face less bright red. Maculation of abdomen and crests black, the crests smaller than in grisea. iMadagascar. M. dyscheres Prout. Systematic position uncertain, the short palpus and nearly simple antenna dyschercs. (slightly lamellate) suggesting a Pseudhemithea. Hindtibia, however, with all the spurs present; a hair-pencil and rudimentary process. Face deep red. Abdomen variegated, the crests blackish. Wings dull green, the hindwing very bluntly angled at 1st radial and still more feebly at 3rd. Portuguese East Africa : Magude, only the type known. 29. Genus: Clilorisisa Steph. A widely distributed genus (Holarctic, Indian, Malayan and African), or perhaps better a subgenus of Hemithea with the abdominal crests wanting or very small, the hindwing not appreciably angled. The hind¬ tibia has 2 spurs only ; typically the $ has 4 spurs, but a few' African species have only 2 fully developed and should perhaps be referred to Neromia Stgr. (see Vol. 4, p. 26), but are so very closely connected with the 4-spurred species that it seems impossible to separate them generically. The African Ghlorissa are nearly all excessively similar and at least as difficult to work out as the Prasinocyma, though apparently much less numerous. 28 CHLORISSA. By L. B. Prout. A. H i n d t i b i a o f $ w i t h 4 s p ii r s. allochrovia. C. allochroma Prout. Expanse 24 mm. Broader-winged than albistrigulata, lines more strongly sinuous, coloration cinnamon-rufous. Palpus of the $ over twice as long as diameter of eye. Hindwing with hindmargin long, distal margin slightly waved, very slightly prominent at 1st radial more so at 3rd. Ivory Coast: Bingerville. albistrigu- C. albistrigulata Warr. {— ? hintzi Strand) (2 k). Probably this, the Palaearctic faustinata Mill. (Vol. 4, kda. p 25) and the Indian discessa Wall', (formerly erroneously called solidaria) will all prove to represent a single species. Rarely obtained in good condition, but easily known by the dark shades which accompany the sinuous vcrinicuMa. white lines. — ab. vermiculata Warr. is a very weakly lined form. The species is distributed throughout Africa and has been taken on Sao Thome. stibolcpida. C. stibolcpida Butt. pallidularia Mah.) (2 k) is perhaps a well-defined island race of the preceding, white with scarcely a tinge of green, the postmedian line less strongly sinuous. Abundant on Madagascar; known also from the Comoro Islands, ianuptera. C. tanyptcra sp. n. (3 h) 24 mm. Face green. Palpus in $ with 3rd joint almost equal to 2nd. Antenna in B strongly dentate-fasciculate. Abdomen with the crests rudimentary. Fore wing in ^ with apex slightly produced, in $ normal; deep grapegreen (or “pois green” of Ridgway), with white irroration, notably in distal area; cell-spot and lines deeper green, the lines thick and indistinct. Hindwing with distal and hind margins longer than in the other species. Principe, 1500 — 2000 feet (T. A. Barns), a pair in the Joicey collection. dialcHca. C. dialeuca sp. n. (3 h) and the species which follow have the white lines much straighter than in alhi- strigulata, rarely dark-edged, the face green; dialeuca has some whitish irroration, the white postmedian line rather broad and distinct, on the forewing slightly more oblique than the distal margin. Underside more green than in approximans. Hindtibia of ^ with a hair-pencil enclosed in a sheath. SC ^ not stalked with SC , not or scarcely anastomosing with the costal. Kenya Colony, perhaps also Abyssinia and Tanganyika Territory. siibriifi- C. subrufibasis sp. n. (3 h) is closely similar to the preceding, but the postmedian line is perhaps rather basis, less firm and less oblique; the forewing beneath has a red proximal suffusion, especially in the costal part, moreover, the hindtibia of the is scarcely dilated, SC^ generally stalked beyond 1st radial and anastomosing strongly with C, the antennal joints somewhat more projecting. Kenya Colony, Kivu and Kilimandjaro; rather common about Nairobi. attenuaia. C. attcnuata Walk. (= ? reductata Walk.) (3 h). Lines more slender, often with indications of dark edging, the postmedian of the hindwing curved; dark cell-dots often indicated. Distal part of antenna reddish. Abdomen generally with noticeable (often reddish or blackish) crests. Hindtibia of dilated, almost as in dialeuca (3 h). Cape (loc. typ.) to Kenya Colony. Venation variable; SC^ in the South African forms not or scarcely stalked, scarcely ever arising beyond 1st radial; in the East African with a little more inclination to stalk, but still quite generally arising before 1st radial. — From West Africa comes an insect which I suppose to be arace. Scarcely different except in its smaller average size and in having SC^ longerstalked, thus combining cbortUforis. the venation of subrufibasis with the hindtibia of attenuata', crests undeveloped: f. eborilitoris nov. Bingerville, Ivory Coast (G. Melou), 2 pairs in Mus. Tring. Also numerous examples, mostly in bad condition. Sierra Leone, French Guinea, Nigeria, Cameroons, Congo. aifUdaria. C. afflictaria Sivinli. is intermediate between attenuata and dorsicristata, the cell-dots strong, the post¬ median dark-edged, nearly straight, that of the hindwing continuing that of the forewing. Abdominal margin of hindwing relatively rather long. Hindtibia of B with hair-pencil. Crests not dark-coloured. Sierra Leone; Ivory Coast; ? Gold Coast; ? Nigeria; Cameroons. dorsicris- C. dorsicristata Warr. has a red-brown patch on the abdomen anteriorly bearing 2 black crests. Rather fata, green than the allies, cell-spots larger, postmedian line slightly bent inwards at fold. Hindtibia of scarcely, if at all, dilated. Forewing with 1st subcostal stalked. Natal. crcmnobuics. C. cremnobates sp.n. (3h). cJ, 22 — 26 mm; $, 27 — 29 mm. Palpus of $ with 3rd joint somewhat elongate. cJ with joints of antenna somewhat projecting, hindtibia with a very slender pencil, perhaps some¬ times wanting. $ with proximal spurs of hindtibia short. Forewing with SC long-stalked (well beyond 1st radial which, like 1st median, is from the end of the cell or shortly stalked), nearly always anastomosing with costal. Colour of attenuata and aqyproxim.ans, markings nearly as in dorsicristata but weaker. Possibly a large race of the last-named. Kikuyu Escarpment, 6500 — 9000 feet, December 1900, January and (March 1901 (W. Doherty), 10 (Jd' and ^ ?? hi Mus. Tring. Also known from Nairobi and perhaps Nyasaland. B. Hindtibia of $ with 2 spurs (rarely also vestiges of the others). apogrupha. C. apographa n. (3 i). Confusingly like cremnobates and occurring with it (the hi January- February, the $$ in March). Smaller ((J, 19 — 21 mm; $, 24 mm), hindwing and its postmedian line perhaps more rounded, o' antenna with joints less projecting. $ palpus with 3rd joint appreciably shorter. Abdominal NEROMIA. By L. B. Pkout. 2!) crests wanting or slight. Hindtibia of the cJ with a short hair-pencil; of the $ with proximal. spurs vestigial (only one leg not lost). Forewing with SC^ not or only very shortly stalked, opposite or proximal to 1st radial. 7 SS and 2 in Mus. Tring. C. approximans Warr. (3 i). Hindtibia of not dilated. From suhrufibasis distinguishable by the more o.piiroxi- slender postmedian line, SC^ of forewing not or scarcely stalked, red or black abdominal crests developed; from hk'hs. dorsicristata by the colour and markings. — ab. malescripta IFarr. has the lines less white. — ab. unilinea Warr. tnaleacripUi.. has the antemedian line very ill-developed. — Described from Natal; closely similar forms are found from 'nu/uim. Abyssinia of the Cape and on the Comoro Islands. C. inomata Front (3 i), which I at one time merged with airproxirnans as an ab., differs materially in Inortmia. the cJ genitalia — coremata much reduced, juxta, costal fold of valve and aedoeagus differently shaped, etc. Otherwise extremely similar and with nearly identical structure, on an aver^age rather smaller, abdominal crests almost entirely green, wings slightly darker and rougher-scaled. Transvaal and Natal. C. articulicomis Front (3 i) approaches dialenca and suhrufibasis in the clearness and straightness of aiiiculk-or- the white postmedian line, but the ^ antenna has more strongly projecting joints. From the other species with 2-spurred $ hindtibia, articulicornis differs not only in the ^ antenna but in the non-dilated hindtibia and the long stalking of SC^. The type-form hi[s the abdominal crests green. — ab. (?) ruficristata Front has the nifimsiutu. crests red. — Described from Barberton, articulicor7iis or forms with the same essential structure are found from Uganda and Kenya to Angola and Natal. 30. Genus: IS’eromia Stgr. The type of this genus, iodisata Stgr., which has hitherto been sunk to imlvereisimrsa Hmpsn., belongs to the Palaearctic Region and the genus has been discussed in Vol. 4, p. 26. Now that it is known that some African Chlorissa have only 2 spurs on the 5 hindtibia, only the scaling and coloration remain to distinguish it from section B of Chlorissa, and it is probable that it may need to be suppressed. There are, however, apparent transitions from it to a somewhat extensive x4frican group with shorter palpi in both sexes (except in clavico7'nis-Q), the C antenna generally without fascicles of cilia, in one or two species very shortly pectinate, and this group is provisionally retained here although, when we know its bionomics, a reclassification may be necessary. The hindwing has the distal margin smooth, except in 'pj'opmquilima . N. pulvereisparsa Hmpsn. (5 b) is only known to me in a very few examples, its Palestine form iodisata puh-erei- Stgr. only in 2 CC- Wings a little less elongate than in them, more thickly powdered or suffused with grey. Antenna ciliated in both sexes. Aden and Port Sudan. N. manderensis Front (3 i). Similar in build to pulvereisparsa but greenish, the mar Ivings obsolete ; only mandcrcn- with very close attention a straight (not sinuoixs) postmedian may be discerned. British Somaliland. N. chlorosticta Front. 21 — 22 mm. Face brown-red. Wings green with darker green cell-spots and cMorosHda. finely dentate pale, but not conspicuous postmedian line, which on the hindwing is almost more strongly curved than the distal margin itself. Terminal line and fringe likewise green. Tanganyika Territory (loc. typ.), Kenya and Rhodesia. Exceptional in that the costal vein of the hindwing anastomoses with the cell at a point near the base or sometimes as far as to ~/g of the subcostal. N. picticosta Front (5 b). Transitional towards Chlorissa, with similar white lines and the palpus not plcticonta. extremely short. Very pale green with dark-red face. Antenna of C ciliated. Fore-wing vdth costal margin above elegantly dotted with red, beneath broadly red proximally. Madagascar, the CC fairly common near Antananarivo, the 5 not yet known to me. N. phoenicosticta Frotit (5 = miltosticta Front) (3g). Broad- winged, bright green, with bright red phoeni- ^ face and large cell-dots and indistinct white lines. Abdomen and fringe marked with red in the G, vdth white costicta. in the 5- Antenna short and stout, in the C with rudimentary stout pectinations. Rhodesia and Nyasaland. N. clavicomis Front (3 h). Forewing less rather more pointed, of a less bright green, the cell-dots much davicornlts. smaller. C antenna similar. 5 -with the palpus less short, though still slender. Dorsal ridge and fringe some¬ times tinged -with red, irrespective of sex. S. Rhodesia. N. activa sj). w. (3 h). Slightly paler. Antennal pectinations a little less rudimentary, the longest ones adiva. just exceeding diameter of shaft. Abdomen -without white longitudinal line. Forewing with distal margin shghtly more oblique; SC^ free (in clavicornis-CC anastomosing with C); both wings without cell-dot, the lines distinct, the postmedian of the forewing curved near costa, that of the hind-wing sinuous in posterior half, more distally placed than in clavicomis. Rhodesia: Umvuma, 20 December 1917, type in coll. A. J. T. Jakse. rubripuiir- iilla. burrctii. sirtgulom . propinquil i- nca. cuhacrcns. quieia . oiotcs. iiitposiura. rhodomad la. iniania. eluta. pcrlleuca. anihosync. noiata. 3U BLECHRONEROMIA; NEUROTOCA. By L. B. Pkout. N. rubripunctilla Front is very similar to clavicornis but certainly distinct ; the ^ antenna, though thick, lacks the projecting teeth and the $ antenna is shorter. On an average smaller, rather brighter green (yet not so light as in jjhoenicosticta), the cell-dots so minute as to be scarcely visible without a lens, fringes whiter. A rather conspicuous white dorsal ridge on abdomen. Transvaal, Bechuanaland and S. Rhodesia. — barretti Front, from the Cape and Natal, is larger, though not on an average so large as clavicornis otherwise it scarcely differs from rubrip^incfilla except in the entire absence of the red cell-dots. N. strigulosa Front (3g). Bright green, nearly as in -phoenicosticta but still more yellowish. Wings strigulated with white and without cell-dots,^ the forewing at least as pointed as in clavicornis and rubripunctilla] lines very faint. Antenna of o very shortly pectinate. Palpus and abdomen as in rubripunctilla. S.W. Africa. N. propinquilinea Front (3i) is nearest in coloration to strigulosa (3g) but irregular in shape, both wings being somewhat bent at the 3rd radial; minute reddish cell-dots visible with the lens. ^ unknown; $ antenna lamellate, with curved teeth nearly as long as diameter of shaft. Senegal. N. cohaerens Front (3 k). Both sexes with forewing a little more pointed than in strigulosa, hindwing a little more rounded. Paler green, not strigulated, lines wanting. Palpus quite short. Antenna in both sexes simple. Transvaal; ? Kenya. N. quieta Front (= anomala Swinli., nec Warr.), described as a Frosompliax, but with only one pair of hindtibial spurs, perhaps belongs here. Shape as in coliaerens or very slightly narrower; larger (35 mm), forewing with 1st subcostal shortly stalked, both wings with 1st median well stalked; paler, the hindwing almost white. unknown. Founded on a $ from Machakos, Kenya Colony. N. enotes Front (5 b). Antenna of S dentate, with short ciliation. Palpus minute, tongue vestigial, otherwise the species might be considered a Chlorissa. Face deep red, mixed with black. Closely resembles carnifrons Bntl. from India. Gambia. N. impostura Front (3 k) is very dissimilar, mimicking a Lopkosfola, but with the cell-spots smaller, thoiigh similarly pale-surrounded, the abdomen with dark dorsal spots instead of crests. An indistinct dentate white postmedian line, a brown terminal line and white, brown-spotted fringes. Palpus very small. Antenna of (J short and thick, almost simple. Natal. N. rhodomadia Front. Smaller (24 mm). Abdomen in addition with some white spots and crests. Antenna of ^ lamellate. Wings rather narrow; yellowish green, with minute red cell-dots, lines obsolete, some red, black-mixed, markings consisting of a large patch at base of forewing and terminal spots at the radials and at tornus on both wings, connected by a line and containing some white or pale spots; the tornal spot of forewing large; fringes white, irrorated with red; black-mixed spots at the end of the veins. Lorenzo (Marquez. 31. Genus: Blechroiieromia Front. An offshoot of Neromia with more strongly pectinated antenna and that of the $ also pectinate, the wings generally with less simple pattern. Only known from the mountains of Central Madagascar. B. mianta Front (5 b). Face green, paler below. Thorax and abdomen marked above with black. Wings heavily marked wdth blackish fuscous. $ larger than J, with more extended markings. B. eluta Front (5 b). Very similar, but paler, more diaphanous, the marldngs shadowy, the hindwing less rounded; thorax and abdomen not black-marked. B. perileuca Front (5 b). Abdomen with white, partly red-bordered spots. Wings more weakly marked. Distal margins with red vein-dots; costal margin of forewing white, fringes whitish. B. anthosyne Front (5 b). As the unique type has lost the hindlegs, this may perhaps be really a Heterorachis. Very distinct in pattern from all the other species of the gemxs. 32. Genus: Jfeiirotoca Warr. Antenna short, in both sexes pectinate as in Blechroneromia, from which it differs chiefly in the loss of the tongue, which is fully developed in Blechroneromia. Palpus still shorter. Abdominal crest less rudi¬ mentary. Only one species. N.notata Warr. d 27 mm, $ 35 mm. Bright green, with red-brown patch on abdominal margin, rather smaller than that of B. anthosyne and not pale-centred ; no cell-dots ; a firm white postmedian line instead of PSEUDHEMITHEA; LATHOCHLORA; CHLOROCOMA. By L. B. Prottt. 31 the small vein-clots. Abdomen above predominantly reddish. Tanganyika Territory, only 2 examples known. — endorhoda Hmpsn. (2 h, 3 k), from Rhodesia, and Transvaal, is at most a race, perhaps eventually a synonym, mdorhodn. but appearing slightly rounder-winged and with the blotch on hindwing somewhat enlarged. 33. Genus: Pisciadliemithesi Bastelh. Differs from He7riithea in its minute palpus and generally in the somewhat different shape of the wings, the hindwing being somewhat angled at the 1st radial. Antenna simple, or exti’emely shortly ciliated. Tongue generally slight. Abdominad crests generally strong. A. H i n d t i b i a w i t h 4 spur s. Ps. exomila Front is aberrant in shape, the hindwing being very slightly angled at 3rd radial but not r.romila. at 1st radial. Antenna of perceptibly ciliated (less than Y> diameter of shaft). Crests very slight. Pace red. Wings dull olive-green, slightly irrorated with white; postmedian line broad, white, shaped icearly as in saturata. S. Cameroons: Ja River. Ps. euopla sp. 71. (J, 28 mm. Face deep red, mixed with black. Vertex white. Antenna scarcely cuojda. ciliated. Crests on 2rd and 3rd tergites reddish, surrounded with blackish. Wings rather light grape-green, with rather elongate darker cell-marks; a moderately strong olivaceous postmedian line, shaped nearly as in saturata, forewing in addition with a sinuous antemedian. Kenya: Kibwezi, December 1920 (W. Ee.\ther). type in Mus. Tring. B. H i n d t i b i a w i t h 2 s p u r s. Ps. saturata Profit (S k). Darker than the preceding, grey rather than green. Palpus rather less minute, saturata. Face deep red, but not mixed with black, d* antenna simple. Abdomen with 3 or 4 crests. Hindleg of 3* as in detrita. Forewing with dark-dotted costal edge. Cell-spots enlarged. Postmedian line pale- (or white-) bordered distally. Nigeria. Since obtained by Mr. L. Collenette in French Guinea. Ps. detrita Bastelh. (5 c). Rather larger and more robust, with somewhat hairy femora. Hindtibia detrita. dilated, with strong hair-pencil. Palpus scarcely more than fC diameter of eye. Face red. Angola : Pungo Andongo, 2 d'd' (Bastelberger in litt. , not 1 3', 1 as first assumed). 34. Genus: I^athoclilora Warr. Perhaps another development of the He7nithea group, still very imperfectly known. Palpus moderately long. Antenna in (of perversa) serrate-dentate, with fascicles of cilia. Hindtibia in both sexes with 2 spurs, in with hair-pencil. Wings thinly scaled, somewhat iridescent; forewing with all 5 subcostals long-stalked, the 2nd subcostal far beyond the 5th; hindwing with termen dentate at 1st radial and 3rd radial, excavated between (type) or tailed at 3rd radial, like an lodis {perversa). L. inomata Warr. (3 i). G still unknown. $ somewhat recalling the Indian Diplodestna xanthochJora inomata. Sivinli., distal margins moi’e excavated, dark band less distal, bounded by a pale curved line. Crests wanting ( ?). Nigeria (type) and Ivory Coast. L. perversa Front (3 i). Aberrant in having 3 red-brown abdominal crests and in the shape of the wings, perversa. Facies of an lodis or a washed-out He7n.ithea or M etillochlora, the large cell-spots rather distinctive; costal margin of fore wing with dark dots and dashes. Ivory C'oast (loc. typ.) Oubangui-'Pchari-Chad and C^ameroons, perhajjs also Uganda. 35. Genus: Clilorocoiiia Timi. An Australian genus, or perhaps section of Prasinocy7na, distinguished by the shorter palpiis (not longer than diameter of eye), with 3rd joint minute in both sexes. It is almost certain that the few African species which have been referred to it are morely Prasinocyma with abnormally short palpi and they are probably connected by some intermediates which we have left in that genus. But in order to avoid unnecessary taxonomic changes in the present work, we continue to quote them here. C. didita Walk. (4 a). Face red. Hindtibia of G nof dilated. Forewing with 1st radial not (as in the didiia. Australian CJiloroco7na) stalked with the last 4 subcostals Green without the strigulation of typical Prasino- cyrna, both wings vdth a minute brown cell-dot; forewing with costal edge ochreous. Cape, not uncommon. % Transvaal. 32 HETERORACmS. By L. B. Proltt. cuccla. clopia. (lilatata. inffucia. ((syllaria diaphana . ■/lUiJach tiiC't. ir'da. di chorda. proutt. prrvi ridl9. sioipririi^.si- itia ■ ■•^hiiple.r. C. eucela Prout. Expanse 21 mm. Hindtibia of cJ dilated. Antennal shaft white, spotted with red. Fore wing with 1st subcostal anastomosing with costal. Colour of didida, but with the cell-dots darker green, not brown. Face brighter red than in the most similar Prasinocyma {scissaria, tranquilla), palpus shorter. Pretoria, only the tyjDe cj known. C. clopia Prout (4a). Still more similar to Prasinocyma, the wings being a little broader than in the two preceding, rather more bluish green and with very fine whitish strigulae. Antennal shaft not spotted with red. Cell-spots scarcely darkened. Pretoria North. C. dilatata Walh., ostensibly from South Africa (Dr. Andrew Smith) is almost certainly Australian, apparently indistinguishable from a worn $ of assimilis T. P. Lnc. Macleay went to Tasmania in 1839 and was working out his insects at the same time to which Walker’s type is assigned, so that some confusion of labelling may have occured. 36. Genus: Heteroracliis Warr. Perhaps a section of Omphax. Palpus similarly minute, the wings often equally devoid of markings, the only constant difference is that the antenna of the $, as well as that of the (J, is pectinate. Abdomen with or without crests. Hindtibia with 4 spurs. Hindwing generally rounded; 1st median well separate or {melano- phrag7na and the subsequent species as far as tornata) often stalked. Entirely African. H. insueta Profit (5 c) is an anomalous species, with the palpus scarcely so short as in true Pieter or achis, the wings with the iridescence and markings of an lodis. Crests bordered with orange-red. Wings grey-green with purplish reflections or in the only known $ almost entirely purple. Diego Suarez, Madagascar. d A H. asyllaria Sivinh. is possibly a form of diaphana (A-^r), but is generally larger, with the inner margin of the hindwing relatively longer. Terminal dots very slight, the cell-dots, on the other hand, well developed. V enation as in diaphana. Madagascar. H. diaphana Warr. (4 a) resembles a Prasinocyma in its colour and short white strigulae, but differs in the very short palpus and pectinate $ antenna. Face red. Crests slight. Both wings with 1st median widely separate. Cell-dots small but sharply black. Minute terminal dots, sometimes visible only with the lens. IMadagascar. H. malachitica Saalm. (2 i). A pretty species, the lines marked by white vein spots, the terminal line lilackish, the fringes tippeil with brown, otherwise white with sharp dark spots at the veins. Madagascar. H. trita Prout (4 a). Much smaller, much deeper green, without markings except at the termen, whicli bears pnre white, dark-edged lunules; costal edge reddish; fringes rosy, proximally mixed with black. Diego Suarez. Like the devocata group but with the 1st median of both wings separate. H. dichorda Prout (3 k). Very distinct in its bright green colouring and strongly marked lines. Crests red-brown. Widely distributed: Senegal, S. Sudan, Uganda, Keyna and Tanganyika, the type from the last- named locality. H. prouti B.-Baker (3 k). Much paler, more delicate green, really white with dense green irroration. Abdominal crests white, forming a ridge. Both wings with the 1st median arising close to the 3rd radial; the white lines finely edged in median area with bright yellow. Angola (type), Rhodesia, Gold Coast, Bahr-el- Ghazal, Kenya, Angoniland. H. perviridis Prout. Expanse 37 mm. Bright, opaque green as in Omphax, which indeed it altogether resembles except in the C antenna, which has strong pectinations, the proximal ones over twice the diameter of the (very liroad) shaft. The is still unknown, perhaps not distinguished from the following. Face purple- red. Abdomen above concolorous with wings. Fringes green, at the tips whitish. Transvaal: Pretoria. H. simpHcissima Prout (3 k). Rather smaller ($ 33 mm), pectinations in 4 or 5 times width of shaft, in $ scarcely 1. Tip of abdomen and of fringes white. Both wings with costal margin slightly less elongate then in pterviridis. Transvaal and Natal. H. simplex Warr. (= haploa Prout) (4 a). Extremely similar to simpHcissima. Pectinations of the ^ antenna about 3 times the diameter of the shaft; those of the $ about twice the diameter of the shaft. The wings are of a rather less deep and bright green than in simpHcissima, but it is difficult to obtain unfaded specimens. It Yevy ^tron^y vecdiWii Omphax leucocraspeda Prout (4 b) but is bluer green, vuth the frings green proximally. Described from the Kikuyu Escarpment. Specimens from Nyasa and Rhodesia, which I have doubtfully referred here, seem to have somewhat shorter pectinations in both sexes. ruhl. 9. V. 1930. HETERORACHIS. By L. B. Prout. 33 H. disconotata Prout is paler and less bright, more thinly scaled, than simplex (much like Chlorocoma dojna), has the apex of the forewing acute, the forewing with a slight, the hindwing with a conspicuous, dark- green cell-spot. (J unknown; $ with the pectinations as in the two preceding. Barberton, '^Fransvaal. H. fuscoterminata Prout is distinguished by having a brown, black-mixed terminal line and the white fringes bearing small dots at the veins. Apex of forewing rather sharp. $ pectinations slender, as in the three preceding. Natal. H. melanophragma Prout (4 a). Distal margin of forewing a little more oblique than in most Hetero- racliis. Much smaller than malacliitica, cell-dots mixed with reddish, the white vein-dots small, but generally connected by a very fine line, the markings of the fringe less sharply defined. Hindwing with 1st median not separate, usually stalked. Diego Suarez. H. despoliata Prout has the red, black-mixed crown, antennal shaft and base of costa which characterize devocata, but has much simpler borders ; a weaker dark terminal line than in melanophragma ; fringe paler than in devocata. Transvaal. H. devocata. Antennal pectinations in both sexes moderately long. Hindwing with 1st median stalked or from apex of cell. Three races are distinguishable. — devocata Walk. (4 a) has the red head and margins strongly darkened, the spot at tornus of forewing well developed, the fringes red-brown. Natal. — roseifimbria subs]!, n. has the red parts much brighter, the tornal spot reduced, the fringes also brightly rosy. Transvaal, the type from Sabie, December 1911 (W. Grubb) in coll. Prout. — mozambica Prout is a dwarf form with nearly the colouring of devocata but the tornal spot reduced. Mozambique. A few sjiecimens which I have seen • from Rhodesia and from Kenya Colony (low altitudes) nearly agree with this. H. glofiola Th.-Mieg. As small as mozambica. Antennal shaft and costal margin of forewing white, the latter beneath slightly rosy proximally; the red-browm terminal line very pale; fringes white. Hindwing beneath whitish. Delagoa Bay, 1 Perhaps a very pale aberration of mozambica, in which case the latter name will sink. H. chloe Th.-Mieg. Size of gloriola. Antenna similar. Forewing relatively acute. Fringes pale greenish proximally, white distally. Both wings with a dark cell-dot; no terminal lines. Face reddish brown ; vertex white; occiput green. Delagoa Bay, 2 (Jd'. H. lunatimargo Prout (4 b). At least as large as devocata. Hindwing bluntly angled. Named from the conspicuous whitish terminal lunules, which are finely bordered wdth red-brown proximally and distally. First subcostal of forewing stalked with the others. Congo (the type), French Guinea, Gold Coast and Nigeria ; perhaps also Kenya Colony. H. carpenteri Prout is extremely similar to lunatimargo , but considerably smaller (20 — 24 mm) and with long terminal joint to the $ palpus, thus not a typical Heterorachis. Discovered on the Sesse Archipelago by Dr. Carpenter but also known fi’om Sierra Leone, the Ivory Coast and S. Nigeria. H. idmon Fawcett (5 c) differs from lunatimargo in its broader borders and has the hindwing rather less angled, 1st subcostal of forewing not stalked. Kenya Colony. H. tornata Prout (4 b) is similar to trita but smaller, at least in the (J. Face more mixed with black; vertex and base of antenna reddish (in trita white). Border of forewing broadening behind 2nd submedian into a small blotch. Hindwing with 1st median stalked or from a point with 3rd radial. Both wings with a darker green cell-dot. Madagascar: Diego Suarez. H. triangularia Swinh., founded on a single from Madagascar, is doubtfnlly placed, perhaps a strongly pectinate offshoot of Bathycolpodes, with which it agrees in its black face and its underside (nearly as in B. subfuscata). Expanse 23 mm. Borders less irregular than in B. sidjfuscata, costal border of forewing also pale, the green ground-colour on fore wing forming a triangle. Hindwing with distal margin extremely weakly concave between the radials. H. ( ?) diphrontis Prout (4 b) has much more extended markings than any other Heterorachis and they are generally lighter, less red. Aberrant in having the tongue quite rudimentary. Hindwing with 1st median separate. Madagascar: Diego Suarez. H. ( ?) insolens Prout (4 b), described doubtfully as an aberrant Neurotoca, may be placed here, but is also aberrant in its rudimentary tongue and further deviates in having lost (or nearly lost) the proximal spurs of the cJ hindtibia, while in the $ they are short and closely approximated to the terminal ones. Crests wanting. Head, antenna and base of costa bright red, as in Omphax rhodocera (2 h). S. Rhodesia. XVI disconofaAa j UHCO- fermlnula melano- phragma despoliata. devocata. roseifmi- bria mozambica gtoriota. chtoe. tunatimar- go carpenteri. idmon. tornata. triangu- taria diphrontis. msotens. 0 ruhriiiiacu- laia. atiaViplaga. prolongaUt ■ viclnUaria. Icucocraspc- da. rigua. nigricorms. riihriceps. onicdiniar- go. rhodocera . shorii. homcdotis. planiaria. subaspersa . apicata. 34 CELIDOMPHAX; OMPHAX. By L. B. Proitt. 37. Genus: Celiclomphax Pront. Differs from Heterorachis chiefly in the presence of a series of strong abdominal crests and in the non- pectinate antenna of the while that of the d' is strongly pectinate. Palpus short. Wings finely strigulated, as in Prasmocyma ; apex of fore wing somewhat more acute than in typical Heterorachis', hindwing with 1st median stalked. The species are closely related, possibly even forms of a single, highly variable species. C. rubrimaculata Warr. (4 b) is known by the large (though variable) blotches at anal angle of each wing, combined with an anterior terminal spot on forewing. Best known from Natal, but reappears in Senegal. C. analiplaga Warr. has the terminal markings confined to the anal angle of the foreAving and even here very small, occasionally Avanting. Described from Tauganyika Territory, but Avidely distributed from the White Nile to Natal and S.W. Africa. C. prolongata Profit. Like analiplaga biit with the foi’ewing rather more elongate, the hindAving Avith longer distal and abdominal margins and bent at 3rd radial, the shape recalling Thalassodes. Lado Enclave; ? Uganda. 38. Genus: Ompliax Guen. I’alpus short or minute. Tongue short. Antenna in the pectinate or simple, in the $ simple. Ab¬ dominal crests slight, sometimes Avanting. Hindtibia Avdth all spurs. Wings generally without markings; distal margins smooth; hindAving with 1st median separate from 3rd radial (except in nigricornis). A small group of African species, especially from the South and East, mostly closely related. A. A n t e n 11 a of A p e c t i n a t e. 0. vicinitaria Wllgrn. is unknown to me, but probably belongs here. 20 mm. Pectinations “obsoletius capitatae”, that is, I sujipose, someAvhat thickened at their tips. Hindwing rounded. Uniform green above and beneath, paler than in planiaria. “Eastern Caffraria”. A Natal species Avhich agrees Avith the description except that the tips of the frings are Avhite, has the wings rather narroAver and duller than in leucocraspecla. 0. leucocraspeda Prout (4 b) is distinguishable by its white fringes. Face bright red. Transvaal (loc. typ.), S. Rhodesia, Barotse and Angola. 0. rigua sp. n. Expanse 28 — 29 mm. Near leucocraspeda. Lower V3 of f^'-ce Avhite. Wings broader, strongly strigulate with Avhite, fringes green proximally, Avhite distally. South Central Angola (T. A. Barns), 2 in coll. JoiCEY. 0. nigricornis Warr. Smaller, rather more robust, foreAving relatively shorter; croAA'ii of head and base of antenna reddish (in leucocraspeda Avhite), pectinations longer; wings darker green, the fringes not white. $ unknoAA'n. Probably a Heterorachis. Mombasa. 0. rubriceps Warr. ( = monoiihyes Swinh.) (4 c). Rather less small than nigricornis, hindAving less long. Head and proximal half of antenna deejAer red; pectinations very short (scarcely longer than diameter of shaft); terminal black dots and red-tinted fringe recall planiaria. Angola . - ornatiniargo Prout is probably an aberration or local form of riihriceps. It differs in having a series of somewhat triangular reddish-fuscous terminal spots on the A^eins, generally connected by a fine terminal line; fringes in the tyj)e more strongly spotted than in rubriceps. Nigeria; similar forms in Gold Coast and Belgian Congo. 0. rhodocera Hnips. (2h). Rather larger than rubriceps, the pectinations a little shorter still; termen AA’ithout dark dots; fringe buff, with a faint indication of pinkish spots distally. More sprinkled Avith Avhite than in the other species, though our figure somewhat exaggerates this. The tyjie G (iiof given by Haaipson), from N.Mb Rhodesia, has the hindwing less fully rounded than Aisual, but otherwise specimens from N. of Lake Nyasa, the Transvaal and other parts of Rhodesia agree Avell with it. B. Antenna of d' simple. 0. shorti Prout (4 c). A beautiful species, quite unlike any other Oniphax. The type form is only knoAvn from Selukwe, S. Rhodesia. — homalotis subsp. n. is smaller (29 mm) and lacks the hindmarginal expansion of the distal bands. Limbe, Nyasaland, November 192.5 (H. Barloav), in coll. Joicev. 0. plantaria Giteft. (= rubriplaga Warr.) (6 a), is the commonest Omqihax and not very variable. The two abdominal crests, though small, are generally conspicuous, being reddish or fuscous. The black terminal dots are set on a fine pale line. Underside paler, especially in the $. — ab. subaspersa Warr. is the commonest $ form, and has the underside more or less sprinkled with grey atoms. - - ab. ( ?) apicata Warr. is a paler form. PROSOMPHAX; RHADINOMPHAX ; DIOHROMA. By L. B. Prout. with the crests apparently almost obsolete, but as it was founded on faded specimens it is jierhaps in reality almost a synonym, jylmitaria is distributed from Kenya Colony to the Cape. - rhodampyx form. n. ( ? sp.) rhodampyx. differs in having the vertex of the head rosy, not white, the costal edge bright red. “Abyssinia”, a cJ in Mus. Berlin. 0. modesta Warr. is smaller (31 mm), apex of fore wing more rounded, terminal dots almost obsolete, tnodesta. “South Africa”, the type in poor condition, perhaps an abnormal specimen of plantaria. 0. marginata Warr. Possibly also an aberration of plantaria. The cream-coloured terminal line has maryinata. more minute black dots and the fringes are paler at their tips; costal margin of forewing beneath more broadly red; $ beneath without grey dots. Founded on a ^ from Tiapang. A similar form occurs at Mfongosi, Zululand. 0. idonea Prout. Rather narrower winged than 2)lantaria, distal margins smoother, apex of fore wing idonea. not produced. Terminal dots altogether wanting, fringe rather uniform rose colour, without pale tips and darkened central line. Transvaal. O. bacoti Prout (4 c), with elongate wings and whitish hindwing, perhaps represents a separate genus, hacoti. or an aberrant Rliadinompliax with the costal vein of the hindwing not anastomosing. In the forewing, the 1st subcostal generally anastomoses with both the costal and the 2nd subcostal. Abdomen not crested. Natal; also known from Bechuanaland and Transvaal. 39. Genus: Prosoiiipliax Warr. This genus was founded by Warren on the type callista and was mistakenly supposed to differ from Omphax in having only one pair of spurs on the hindtibia. I have corrected this (Ann. Transv. Mus. VIII, p. 152) and pointed out that actually it only differs from some pectinated Omp)hax in having the palpus less minute (fully as long as diameter of eye) the costal vein of the hindwing approximated to the subcostal about to the middle of the cell; 1st median of hindwing not separate from 3rd radial. From Ghlorocoma it differs in its white hindwing, with elongate costal margin, and longer approximation of costal vein to subcostal. P. anomala Warr., formerly referred to Ompliacodes or Omphax, must be transferred here. Build rather anornala. slender. Antennal pectinations of G moderately long. Expanse 32 mm. Forewing with costal margin curved, apex rather sharp; rather dull bluish green, with darker green cell-dot. Kikuyu and Mau Escarpments. P. callista Warr. (4 c) is shaped more like a Rliadinompliax. Forewing brighter green than in anomala, callista. with white dots and strigulations. Cape Colony and I think Natal. P. deuterurga Prout. Expanse 33 mm. Forewing paler green than in callista, the silvery irroration and deuterurya. strigulation smaller and sparser, scarcely noticeable; costal edge narrowly tinged with fleshy ochreous; fringe pale green, tipped with whitish. Founded on a G from Krantzkloof, Natal. A rather smaller $ from Orange Free State probably belongs with it. 40. Genus: Kliacliuompliax Prout. A narrow-winged relative of Omphax. Palpus about as long as diameter of eye. Tongue developed. Antenna of G dentate or very shortly pectinate. Forewing with anastomoses between the subcostal veins. Hindwing with the costal anastomosing with the cell to near its end. All the species are South African. Rh. pudicata Wall'. Distinguished from divincta. chiefly by the G antenna, which bears short pectin- padicaia. ations, scarcely as long as the diameter of the shaft. In the name-typical form, moreover, the fringes are tipped with pink. Knysna. — ab. ( ?) frondinata Feld. (2 i), is larger and has the tips of the fringes white. frondinata. Rh. divincta Walk. (4g). In this and the two following species, the G antenna is merely dentate. In divincta. divincta the forewing is of a uniform green, with the fringe paler. Cape, and reaching the Transvaal. Rh. sanguinipuncta Feld. (2 i) differs from divincta in having a rosy cell-spot on the forewing, the fringe sanyuini- paler pink. Hindwing whitish green, the fringe with a tinge of pink. Cape Town and vicinity. panda. Rh. trimeni Feld. (2i). Forewing yellow-green, hindwing whitish green. Cell-spot of forewing white, irimeni. ringed successively with black and red-brown. Both wings with a blackish terminal line, accompanied proxi- mally by narrow violet-white spots which — at least on the forewing — are separated from the ground-colour by a fine, sinuous brown line. Cape Town and vicinity. 41. Genus: Dicliroiiia Westw. Similar in structure to Rliadinompliax, the forewing with the 3rd discocellular extremely deeply angled inward, the 1st radial well stalked, usually beyond the 2nd subcostal, the hindwing with costal margin still 36 ARGYROGRAPHA — MICROLOXIA. By L. B. Prout. longer than in Bhadinomphax. Antenna of S very shortly pectinate. Only one species, which, except in shape, recalls the Palaearctic genus Agglossochloris. cqucsiralis. D, equestralis Westw. (= equestrinaria Gtien.) (4 c). Umnistakahle, with its yellow-green ground- colour and intricate silvery markings. Only known from the Cape. 42. Genus; Argyrographa Prout. Palpus and antenna nearly as in Comihaena. Femora hairy. Hindleg rough-scaled, the tibia not dilated. Wings narrower than in Comihaena, forewing with 2nd subcostal anastomosing with 1st, hindwing with costal as in Prosomphax. Perhaps misplaced here, although its maculation has something in common with Dichroma. moderaia. A. moderata Walk. (= eximiata Feld.) (2i). Small, less long- winged and much brighter green than D. equestralis, the white markings differently arranged. Cape. 43. Genus : lieiieaiiiocle^ Prout. B unknown. $ antenna strongly pectinated nearly to its apex. Palpns minute. Tongue wanting. Hindtibia with 4 spurs. Very distinct from all the other longwinged Hemitheinae in having the 1st and 2nd subcostals of the forewing long-stalked, the costal of the hindwing anastomosing vei\v strongly with the cell. Only one species, evidently adapted to dry grasses. pcriconia. L. pericoflia Profit (4 g). Forewing striking on account of its fine longitndinal striation, the veins and hind part of the cell being white, the rest striated with light-brown irroration. Hind wing white. Described from 8.W. Africa. The Berlin Museum possesses also one $ from Tanganyika Territory. 44. Genus: Coiicliyliotles gen.nov. Palpus minute. Tongue obsolete. Antenna in C short, pectinate to the apex. Pectus, femora and foretibia somewhat hairy. Hindtibia with terminal spurs only. Abdomen robust; not crested. Forewing rather narrow; termen curved, extremely oblique; 1st subcostal well free, 2nd, 5th, 3rd and 4th fairly long- stalked, 1st median from near end of cell. Hindwing with humeral area expanded, the angle sharp, frenulum well developed, from scarcely before the angle; costa rather elongate; costal anastomosing with subcostal at middle 3rd of cell or rather more, 2nd subcostal shortly stalked, 1st median separate. Type of the genus; C. distelitis sp. n. An anomalous genus, perhaps related to Leucaniodes, but with 2nd subcostal of foreving normal, anastomosis of costal of hindwing less extreme and without the proximal spurs of the hindtibia. distelitis. C. distelitis sp. n. (4 c). Face red-brown. Crown of head white. Body predominantly white, wing- tegula heavily marked with brown. Wings glossy white, almost as in a Conchylia-, forewing with broad subcostal and hindmarginal streaks claret-brown, in part dark-mixed; a similar, but much narrower shade at distal margin, suffusing the fringe. Hind wing with a spot of the same colour at anal angle. Forewing beneath suffused with purple-brown; hindmargin broadly and distal margin narrowly white. Hind wing beneath impure white, with a purple subterminal line, thick anteriorly, faint posteriorly, nearly parallel with distal margin. Bulawayo, 28 February 1924 (R. Stevenson), type in the Transvaal Museum. S.W. Africa: Okahandja, 2 — 18 March 1928 (R. E. Turner), a more weakly marked G ii^ the British Museum. 45. Genus: Paraprasiiia Warr. This genus was erected by Warren for a single species, of relatively large size and of robust build, especially in the $. Pectus densely hairy. Palpus rough-scaled beneath, in C rather short, in $ with elongate terminal joint. Tongue wanting. Antenna pectinate, in the $ only very shortly. Hindtibia with terminal spurs only. No doubt a development of Microloxia. discolor. P. discolor Wctxr. (4 d). Uniform green, with white strigulation and white costa, the G resembling a robust Prasinocyma, the $ much larger, sometimes extremely large, and with a very stout abdomen. Distributed from the Cape to S. Rhodesia, but not common. 46. Genus: Microloxia Warr. Small but relatively robust moths, distinguished from Paraprasina b}^ the presence of the tongue and, in the typical group, the nonpectinate ^ antenna. The wings not strigulated with white, the Imes usually present. The genus is predominantly Mediterranean, but has spread to South Africa and Continental Asia. RHODESIA; LASIOCHLORA; SYNDROMODES. By L. B. Rrout. 37 M. ruficornis Warr. (4 d) is the African representative of herbaria Hb. (Europe) and indecretata Wall:, mficuniis. (India), perhaps in general rather less small than the latter and rather less dark green than the former, hut it is very likely that all three constitute a single species, ruficornis was described from Natal, but is common from the Cape to Kenya Colony, perhaps also in the Sudan. — innotata Warr., from Benguella, appears to be innotafu. merely a weakly marked aberration of ruficornis, in poor condition. 47. Genus: Klioclesia Warr. Palpus in the G moderate, in the $ with the 3rd joint long. Antenna in the G strongly pectinate. Hindtibia with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Hindwing rounded, the costal vein anastomosing with the subcostal to at least the middle of the cell. Three species, all African. A. A n t e n n a of $ not pectinate. Rh. depompata Front (4 d) differs from the others in the uniform green wings, only the extreme margins depohipata showing the white and j)nrplish colours which develop in them. Abdomen white, irrorated above with brown and vinaceous. Transvaal. Rh. viridalbata Warr. Structure about as in depompata. Both wings with small white cell-dot, dentate vlridalbata postmedian line, arising from a white costal spot, and white patches smaller than in typical alboviridata (5 e), the proximal ones not reaching the border. Natal, rare. B. A n t e n n a of $ pectinate. Rh. alboviridata Saalm. (5e). Apart from the antennal difference, readily distinguishable by its small alboviridata size and by the very long $ palpus. First known from Madagascar, but proves very widely distributed: Senegal to Angola, E. Africa, Nyasa and Rhodesia, very variable in the extent of the markings. 48. Genus: ]i4a:sioehloi*a Warr. Larger and more strongly built moths than Rhodesia, more irregiilarly shaped, the palpus short. Antenna in both sexes strongly pectinate. Hindtibia with all spurs. Hindwing with costal vein anastomosing as in Rhodesia or sometimes (bicolor) still more strongly, 1st median of both wings arising much before end of cell. The two species are dissimilar in shape and markings, probably not veiy closely related. L. diducta Walk. (= lunigera Feld.) (2 h). Abdomen crested. Termen of hindwing somewhat crenulate diduda. and with a tooth at 3rd radial. A very characteristic spot on forewing at the end of the punctiform postmedian, much reduced, however, in the G- Cape (type) and Natal. L, bicolor Th.-Mieg (2 k, 4 d). Unique in its deep flesh-pink hindwing and underside, the latter bicolor. becoming whitish posteriorly. Termen of hindwing faintly sinuous, but not crenulate. Natal and Delagoa Bay. — maculosa Prout, from Kenya Colony, has the postmedian of the forewing rather more obliquely placed, macalom. the dots enlarged into spots on the radial and median veins, largest on the 3rd radial and 1st median. On both wings the 1st and 2nd radials are less approximated than in bicolor. Perhaps a distinct species. 49. Genus: ^yuclromodes Warr. In size, shape and build more like Rhodesia than like Lasiochlora. Palpus in both sexes short. Tongue slight. Antenna pectinate in the ^ only. Hindwing with costal vein anastomosing strongly. All the known ^ species are bright green, without red or brown markings, and recall the Palaearctic Hierocldhonia , from which they differ in having all the spurs of the hindtibia fully developed. Exclusively South African. S. invenusta Wllgrn. (= unicolor Warr.) (4 d). Distinguished by its red face and wholly white fringes, invcnusta. Cell-dots and vein-dots representing a postmedian line very small or obsolescent. ‘'CGffraria” (Wallengrex) ; known to me from Natal and the Cape and perhaps S. Rhodesia. S. prasinops sp. n. (4 d). Expanse 25 mm. Face and palpus green. Thorax and abdomen above prasinops broadly green, beneath mostly white. Wings perhaps between “malachite-green” and “rajane-green” of Ridgway, costal edge of forewing whitish ; fringes white, purest at base. Underside rather paler, especially on hindwing posteriorly. Transvaal: M'ylies Poort, 9 November 1920 (C. J. Swierstra), type in Mus. Transvaal. Also from Bulawayo, etc. Hitherto confused with unicolor Warr. (which is provisionally sunk to invenusta Wllgrn.), scarcely differing except in its green face and broadW green abdomen above; antenna of $ less dentate. S. cellulata Warr. (4, d, e). Slightly more bluish green than invenusta, cell-dots often larger, post- celhdata. median line continuous, though often weak, fringe green in proximal half. Face bright red. Natal and Orange Free State to S. Rhodesia, the type from the Transvaal. 38 HEMIDROMODES; HIEROCHTHONIA; XANTHODURA; CACOCHLORIS. By L. B. Prout.. di)ncnsa. ocdocHCiins. rubiisia. at finis. fcuihcri. miyraia. trucidaia. hypocrypta. S. dimensa Walk. Considerably larger (29 or 30 mm), rather longer- winged, costal vein of hindmng anastomosing only to abont the middle of the cell. The faint postmedian line is not, as in celhilata, parallel with the termen throughont but is lunnlate inward at the fold. Cape. S. oedocnemis Prout (5 c). Similar to cellulafa, but with the costal vein of the hindwing more as in dimensa, the fringes nearly as white as in invenusta. The face is of a very indefinite colour, dull red partly overlaid with green scales. Lines rather better developed than in most Syndromodes. The cJ is structurally distinct from all the others in having the hindtibia swollen almost as in Hemidromodes. S. Rhodesia. 50. Genus: Meiuidromocles Prout. Palpus in shortish, in $ moderate. Tongue wanting. Antenna short and stout, vdth moderate pectinations in the ^ and very short and slender ones in the $. Hindtibia of the strongly swollen, with the proximal spurs well developed, the terminal ones very short; in the $ wth the proximal spurs short, sometimes wanting. Abdomen of $ robust. Venation nearly as in Syndromodes, the costal vein of the hindwing anastomosing to scarcely one-half the cell-length. Two closely related species, both from the semi-desert countries which separate the Aethiopian from the Palaearctic Region. I have described a third from India. H. robusta Prout (4 e). Plain green, with only the faintest possible siiggestion of paler lines. Face light orange-reddish. Egyptian and French Siulan and British Somaliland; the type from Port Sudan. H. affinis Rothsch. (4 e) only differs in having rather broad and conspicuous pale lines and is perhaps a race. Sahara: Hoggar Mountains. Also from Aswan, Egypt. 51. Genus : Hieroelitliouia Prout. Differs from Hetnidromodes in that both sexes have only a single pair of spurs on the hindtibia. See further Vol. 4, p. 27. In addition to the three I'alaearctic species there described, I have provisionally referred to the genus one African one, of which the d' is unfortunately still unknown, and now add a second. H. featheri Prout (5 c). Broader and rather larger than the species of the preceding genus. Face green. Somaliland. H. migrata sp. n. (4 e). d, 23 mm. Face and palpus deep red. Vertex and antennal shaft white. Thorax and abdomen green, jDaler beneath. Rather more robust than typical Plierochthonia, ajjex of forewing rather less sharp. Green, with fine whitish irroration recalling Prasinocyma, unmarked excepting very faint indications of darker cell-dots. Underside rather paler. 'iVoi, Kenya, 600 m, 2 — 8 March 1912 (Ch. Alluaud and R. Jeannel), type in Mus. Paris. Also from Kibwezi, Kenya and from Neu-Moschi, Kilimandjaro, 800 m. 52. Genus: Xaiitliocliira Btlr. Eye rather small. Palpus of d' shortish, with minute terminal joint. Tongue present. Antenna of d moderately pectinated. Hindlegs lost in the unique type. Abdomen short, without crests. Forewing with all the subcostals stalked, the 1st anastomosing with the costal, 2nd radial from very near 1st, 1st median not stalked. Hindwing with distal margin weakly sinuate between the radials, abdominal margin long; costal anastomosing at a point with subcostal, 2nd subcostal very shortly stalked with 1st radial, 2nd radial from close to 1st, 1st median connate with 1st radial. Affinities quite uncertain. X. truddata Btlr. (2 k). Bright orange; fore wing with black-brown apical patch, in its posterior part with some red shading proximaUy; hindwing with a much less extended apical patch, predominantly red above, black-brown beneath. Madagascar. X. ( ’) hypocrypta Prout (5 c) can scarcely be congeneric with the preceding, but its position is equally doubtful. Considerably smaller, more slenderly built, different izi shape and maculation and Avith the 1st sub¬ costal of the forewing arising from the cell, anastomosing Avith the 2nd, as Avell as Avith the costal. ForeAving beneath Avith a dull purple apical patch, at costa 4 mm wide. Madagascar. 53. Genus: Cacochloris Prout. From here on to the end of the Heniitheinae, all the genera are without frenulum in either sex. Gacochloris was erected for two sand-coloured species of rather robust build, Avith short tongue, strongly pectinated EUCHLORIS; MICTOSCHEMA ; HOLOTERPNA; CONOCHLORA; DOLOSIS. By L. B. Prout. 39 antenna in both sexes, all spurs present, abdomen not crested. In the genotype, which is Indian, the 1st and 2nd subcostals of the forewing are coincident, but in the African species they are merely stalked together. C. ochrea Warr. (2 k, 4 e). Larger and rather paler than the Indian, uvidula Sivmh. with the post- ochrea. median line of both wings sinuous. Widely distributed, but always taken sparingly, the type from Dar-es- Salaani. I have it before me from Senegal, French Guinea, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, S. Sudan, Uganda and Kenya Colony. • 54. Genus: £iieliIoris Hhn. To this Palaearctic genus, which differs from Gotnibaena in the absence of the frenulum, must be referred one small Atrican species, though it has probably evolved independently, perhaps from the Indian inductaria-groxiY) of Gomihaena. See further Vol. 4, p. 27. E. undulilinea Warr. (4 e). Easy to recognize by its highly sinuous, in places thickened, whitish lines, undiililinea. white terminal dots and reddish fringes. Described from Sierra Leone, but oct.urring singly as far as Principe, Gaboon, the Pipper Congo and even in Nyasaland. 55. Genus: Mietoiseliema Front . Palpus moderate. Tongue undeveloped. Antenna rather short, in the G pectinate. Thorax posteriorly and abdomen crested. Hindtibia with 4 approximated spurs. Wings densely scaled. Forewing with 1st sub¬ costal arising from the cell, 1st radial stalked with the subcostals. Hindwing with abdominal mai’gin elongate; costal anastomosing at a point with subcostal, 2nd subcostal not stalked, 1st median shortly stalked. An interesting genus, probably derived from Mimandria by the loss of the frenulum. M. swierstrai Front (5 d). Face black. Wingniarkings easily recognizable from our figure. 2 considerably swiersfrai. larger (41 mm). Transvaal. - tuckeri Front, from Otjituo, S.W. Africa, has the distal margins slightly more tuctceri. rounded, the coloration more variegated, the median and terminal areas being blackish, the intermediate part conspicuously mixed with light brown. Possibly a separate species. 50. Genus: Holoterpiia Fung. A rather incongruous Palaearctic genus (see Vol. 4, p. 29) which has been extended to contain tenix^or- arily an anomalous African species. Differs from MictoscJmna in the 2-spurred hindtibia, non-crested abdomen, etc. The Palaearctic species have the forewing dull green, markings quite weak. H. errata Front (4f). Smaller and rather paler grey than M. swierstrai, with differently shaf)ed errata. postmedian. Rhodesia: Sawmills. Also a somewhat worn G from S.W. x4frica in coll. Joicey. — segflis joivi. segnis. n. (? sjj. n.) is rather broader-winged, paler grey, more uniform, without dark subterminal shading, the lines generally less approximated. Bidawayo. Type in coll. Transvaal Mus. The antenna of the $ in this species is pectinate and the 2nd subcostal is irregular, sometimes wanting, sometimes stalked with the 1st. 57. Genus: OonoelBlora Swinh. Palpus in G rather short ($ unknown). x4ntenna short, thick, with strong clavate teeth. Hindtibia slender, with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not appreciably crested. Both wings with distal margin strongly projecting in the middle; forewing sinuate in front of the projection and with all the subcostals stalked, one wanting. Cbie species. G. niinutaria Swinh. (4f). Except in its remarkable shape, this species might be compared with mbiutaria. Doloma leucocefbaln (4f), having similarly faint lines, dark reddish terminal line and snow-white fringes. Cell- dots rarely sharp. Sierra Leone (type), Ivory Coast and Cameroons. 58. Genus: l>oloisis Front. Superficially similar to the Palaearctic Tkalera (Vol. 4, p. 30), but with minute palpus, rudimentary tongue, longer $ pectinations, all the hindtibial spurs present and other smaller differences. Only one species known. D. illacerata Front (4 e). Strongly recalls Tkalera lacerataria Graes. but with only the hindwing iltaccrafa. excavated in front of the 3rd radial. Vivid green, with large cell-dots and punctiform lines. Natal. 40 DOLOMA; NOTHOTERPNA; CHLOROSTERRHA; ACOLLESIS. By L. B. Prout. 59. Genus: Doloma Prout. Palpils moderate, in the unknown $ probably with the 3rd joint elongate. Tongue present. Antenna of S pectinate. Hindtibia with four spurs. Eorewing with distal margin more curved than in Thalera, hindwing less excavated anteriorly than in that genus, the angle at 3rd radial more produced. Again only one species. tcucoce- phala . D. leucocephala Prout (4f). Resembles a small pale Perithalera ohlongula Prout, which, however, possesses a frenulum and has a rather broader, less produced hindwing, a brown dorsal patch on the abdomen, etc. N. Madagascar: Diego 8uarez. 60. Genus: jK'otlioterpiia Warr. Rather robust and roughly scaled, with nearly the texture and coloration of Holoterpna (vera). Different thereform in the very short palpus, 4-spurred hindtibia, pectinated $ antenna and wider separation of the 3rd radial from the 1st median. Two species known, both African. crassi- N. crassisquania Warr. (4f) is the larger species, with costal margin of both wings relatively longer, squama, postmedian line of forew'ing more oblique, hindwing whitish, becoming slightly greener distally. Angola. pallida. N. pallida Waqr. (4f). Hind wing scarcely paler than forewing, with a discernible, though indistinct, postmedian line curved nearly parallel with distal margin. The postmedian of the forewang is less oblique than in crassisquania , and this wing generally shows in addition a faint, curved antemedian. Cell-dots sometimes larger. Angola, N. Rhodesia and Nyasa. 61. Genus: ChloFosterrlia Prout. li’erhaps a section of the preceding, typically very different in its small size, narrow wdngs and smoother scaling, but connected through semialha Swinh., which we place here because the tw'o genera have been differentiated hitherto by the position of the origin of the 3nd radial of both wings: close to 1st radial in NotJioterpna, well removed in Chlorosterrha. Exclusively African. semialha. C. scmialba Swinh. (2g). Similar in shape to N. crassisquania. Rather smaller, less roughscaled, forewdng brighter and more bluish green, hindwing clearer white. Angola, (type) to Lake Tanganyika and IThehe. mono- C. monochroma Prout (4 f) is one of the numerous plain, rather bright green South African HeniitJieinae chroma, jg distinguishable from Prasinocyma, Ghloroconia, etc., by the absence of the d frenulum and by the paler (anteriorly almost wdiite) hindwing. G type rather narrower- winged than the figured $, hindwing greener. Orange Free State and the Cape. dichroma. C. dichroma Feld. (= albaniensis Prout) (3 k, 4 g). Much smaller than semialha, narrow^er-winged, more glossy, the white stripe of forewing more strongly developed. Cape of Good Hope. 62. Genus: Acollesis Warr. iMost characters as in Nothoter pna . Palpus about as long as diameter of eye. Wings not quite so robust as in Nothoter pna-, forewing with all 5 subcostals stalked, the first (except sometimes in mimetica) anastomosing w ith the costal, 1st radial generally shortly stalked with them. All the species are African and are closely related. fraudulenta. A. fraudulcJita Warr. (4g), the type of the genus and the commonest species, is of a delicate light blue-green when fresh, but easily fades to a dirty whitish. Face red. Lines white, not very sharp. Transvaal (loc. typ.) and Natal, rarer in Cape Colony. o.vychora. A. oxychora sj). n. o, 34 mm. Face pale green. Both wings with 3rd discocellular from cell-sj)ot outward excessively oblique, recalling the Indo-Australian genus Oxychora. Water-green; cell-dots large; forewdng wdth a moderate white postmedian line from hindmargin, straight and slightly more oblique than ternien about to 2nd radial, then curving slightly more in the direction of the apex, becoming gradually narrow^er and weaker; hindwdng with postmedian fairly broad, straightish. Marungu Plateau, 8.W. of Lake Tangaipyika, TOGO feet, February 1922 (T. A. Barns). Type in coll. Joicea^. Distinguished from unihrata by the more extreme discocellulars and the postmedian line. nmhrata. A. uiTlbrata Warr. (4 g) differs from fraudulenta in its pale face,- more obliqiie ])ostmedian and in the presence of small browm or blackish cell-dots. Described from Unyoro, but extending to S. Sudan, Nyasaland, Rhodesia, N.E. Congo and Angola. Puhl. 18. IV. 19-30. COLLESIS; SYNCOLLESIS. By L. B. Prout. 41 A. densisquamata Prout was first considered a race of umbrata bnt is probably a species, somewhat greyer green and with the coarse scaling of Nothoterpna, the cell-dot somewhat enlarged, the face more tinged with red. Bihe, Angola; E. Luvua Valley, N.E. of Lake Mweru (T. A. Barns). A. terminata Prout (4g). Face bright red, as in fraudulenta, wings more yellowish green, with darker fringes, the white postmedian line sharper, generally edged proximally with darker green, on the hindwing straighter, more proximally placed anteriorly. Apex of forewing rather sharp. Describerl from Zululand, known from Natal and Rhodesia. A. mimetica Prout. Face pale green; distal margins and fringes concolorous with wings; otherwise very similar to terminata. Still more like CoUesis mimica (2g), from which it scarcely differs except in the venation; jjostmedian line on both wings rather more proximally placed than in typical mimica, on the forewing scarcely reaching the costa. Discovered on Mount Mlanje, Nyasa, by Mr. S. A. Nbave; also known from Langenburg, north of the Lake. 63, Genus: Collesis Warr. Closelv related to Acollesis. Distinguished by ha^dng the costal of the hindwing strongly anastomosed vdth the costal and the 2nd costal of the forewing stalked to considerably beyond the 5th. Type mimica Warr. C. mimica Warr. (2 g, 4h). Face green.' Best distinguished from A. mimetica by the structure, as an aberration has the postmedian line almost as proximally placed, though rather more oblique. North Rhodesia (type) and distributed to Ptnyoro, Kenya Colony, South Rhodesia and Portuguese East Africa. C. fleximargo Warr. (4 g) differs from mimica, not only in its deep-green colour and its shape but also in that the 1st subcostal of the forewing arises from the cell, whereas in mimica it is stalked as in Acollesis. Palpus minute. Probably not congeneric. Angola (type) and Nyasa. 64. Genus : ^yiicollesis gen. nov. Palpus in both sexes short (at most one-fourth longer than diameter of eye). Tongue short. Antenna in the G ^-nd sometimes in the $ pectinate. Hindtibia in d' not dilated, in both sexes with 4 spurs. Wings densely scaled, with smooth margins. Eorewing moderately broad; 1st subcostal from the cell, anastomosing with costal, 2nd subcostal arising well before 5th, 1st radial not stalked. 2nd arising at least twice as near to 1st as to 3rd, 1st median well separate. Hindwing with costal anastomosing with subcostal to middle of cell or beyond, 2nd radial from about of discocellulars, 1st median well separate. Type of the genus Syncollesis trilineata {= “Acollesis"' trilineata Hmjisn., 1910). It seems impossible to retain this groiip in Ompliacodes together with the long-palpus elements which have more in common with the type of that genus. A further constant, though slight, distinction is in the separation of the 1st radial vein of the forewing from the stalk of the subcostals. The species would be equally incongruoiis in CoUesis, which is well characterized by its peculiar subcostal venation. S. bellista B.-Bak. (4 1). Palpus extremely short. Antennal pectinations in the G short, terminating in tufts of cilia. Face whitish, narrowly fuscous in upper part. Wings delicate bluish green, nearly as in fleximargo or somewhat less intense; the straight, oblique glaucous- whitish postmedian line of the forewing is edged proximally by a line of deeper but brighter (more yellowish) green. Angola: N’Dalla Tando, only the type known. S. idia 5p. n. (5 d). G ^8 mm, ^ 34 mm. Face with more than the upper half fuscous. Antenna of o with the branches ending in shorter cilia than in bellista, of $ not j^ectinate. Rather larger than bellista, broader- winged, brighter green, more irrorated with glistening white, the postmedian line whiter, not noticeably dark- edged proximally, scarcely more oblique than distal margin. Benguella; Batt, 29 November 1905, the type (J; Fort Quilenges, 7 January 1905, the figured $; both in Mus. Tring, sent by Dr. Ansorge. Also from Nyasaland in the same collection. Formerly confounded with bellista. S. elegans Prout (4 h). Palpus slightly longer than diameter of eye. Antenna of $ not pectinate. Different from the other Syncollesis in its white hindwing. Kenya Colony. S. coerulea Warr. Very similar to trilineata Hmjisn. (2 k) but with the postmedian line of the forewing rather thicker, more proximally placed and more oblique, continued straight across the middle of the hindmng, and with a white cell-spot on each wing, that of the hindwing distinct. Found around the northern shores of Lake Nyasa. — zetetea form. n. is of a less blue green, the white lines still stronger, notably the subterminal, the white cell-spot of the forewing also better developed. Madagascar, type C f6e Joicey collection, a second XVI 0 densis- ([U'unatu terminata. mimetica. mimica. jleximargo hettista. idia. elegans. coerulea. zetetea. 42 TR0PIC0LLESI8; OMPHACODES. By L. B. Proft. trilineaia. nibiccris. divcrgcns. purifbnbria. pidcliriiacia pulchrifim- bria. vivida. in the British Museum. As there is also a from Appan, Gold Coast in the last-named collection, much more similar to the Madagascar specimens than to the Nyasa type, this will perhaps prove a distinct species, hut I can find no significant difference, unless the build be a little more robust. S. trilineata Hmpsn. (2 k). Face broad and rather prominent, bright red. Antenna in the 2 strongly pectinate. The white lines slender, faintly denticulate, the postmedian of the hindwing more or less curved anteriorly and here more distally placed than the 23osterior end of that of the forewing. N.V/. to S. Rhodesia, also known from Angola and Congo. 65. Genus : Tropicollesls ge7i. 710V. This genus is described in my unjmblished manuscript of the Geo7netridae of the ’'Voyage de Cii. Al- LiTAtTD et R. Jeannel”. d' unknown. $ with most of the characters of Syricollesis but with the wings (esjie- cially the forewing) narrowed, the colouring not green, cell of fore wing i/G wing-length, 1st median arising close to 3rd radial, hindwing with 2nd radial scarcely before middle of discocellular, 1st median stalked. PaljDiis scarcely as long as diameter of eye, with very short terminal joint; tongue vestigial; antenna very shortly pectinate. Tyi^e of the genus, T. alhiceris sp. n. T. albiceris sp. 7i. Exjjanse 21 mm. Scarcely paler than cream-buff, with some minute brown irroration; markings dusky brown, in ^daces mixed with l)lackish. Forewing with a weak sj^ot at base of costa; an elongate cell-S2)ot; lines strongest at extremities, antemedian from costa, dentate inward at median and submedian veins, outward behind; j^ostmedian from -3 costa, dentate outward on veins, incurved at both folds. Hindwing with distal margin rounded, but not quite regidarly; a jDostmedian line, rather more strongly outbent at 3rd radial to 1st median than on forewing, othei’wise similar. Underside slightly jDaler, the markings obsolescent. Kenya Colony: Taveta, 750 m, 16 — 21 March 1912 (Alltjaitd d’ Jeaxnel). Type in Mus. Paris. 66, Genus: Omg»Iiacofleis Warr. Paljms moderate or long, with relatively elongate terminal joint. Hindtibia of G commonly dilated, with hair-jDencil. 1st radial of forewing connate or stalked, very exceptionally (so far as I know only in some divergems) just sej^arate, 1st median of hindwing generally, of forewing occasionally stalked. Otherwise with the characters of Syticollesis, though the colouring is generally of a less bluish green. Even after the elimination of that genus, Omphacodes is diversified, containing 3 sections. The first, which contains the Indian genotyj^e, directa Walk., comes nearest to Syncollesis. A. P a 1 2) u s in 9 m o d e r a t e. 9 antenna ]) e c fi i n a t e. G hindtibia dilate d. 1st median of h i n d w i n g not always stalked. 0. divergens Warr. Scheme of 2^attern nearly as in S. trilineata (2 k). Generally smaller, but variable in size; forewing relatively shorter; colouring less blue. Unyoro (ty2ie), Kivu, Kenya, Sudan and Senegal. B. P a 1 2? R s in 9 moderate to long. 9 antenna si m 2) 1 e. G i 6 t i b i a n o t dilated. A 2> e x of f o i' e w i n g acute. 1st median of h i n d w i n g s t a 1 k e d. 0. purifimbria sp. 71. (4 h). Ex2:»anse 23 mm. Face red. Pa^ms shorter than in the two following, even in the 9 only about 1 j/o times the diameter of the eye. G 'with moderately long, slender 2)ectinations ; 9 antenna serrate. Postmedian line indicated by white vein-dots, accom23anied 2)i’oximally by some brown ones which are weak or oijsolete in the 99; subterminal line generally traceable; fringe creamy white. S.W. of Tanganyika: Marungu Plateau, \V. side, 7000 feet, February 1922 (T. A. B.'lRNS), 2 2^airs in the Joicey collection. 0. pulchritacta Provt. Only the 9 known. In this the 2ial23us is a little longer than in purifimhrm but not so long as in pvlchrifitnhria. Larger than purifimbria, 28 mm; face more brown than red; forewing with a short, inwardly oblique rosy streak from 1st median to near fold; hindwing with a corres2Jonding dot or short dash on 1st median; fringes white. Central Abyssinia: Moraqui. 0. pulclirifimbria Warr. (4 h) is readily distinguished by the long 25al23RS of the 9 ^^d the rosy ti23s of the fringes. Kenya Colony (type), 8.E. Sudan and Eritrea. U P a 1 25 R s still longer. 9 antenna more or less dentate. G h i n d t i b i a dilated. 1st median of hi n d wings t a 1 k e d. 0. vivida Wair. (4h). Similar in size, sha2Je and colour to S y7idr 07 nodes invenusta, WUgrn. and with a similar distribution, but easily distinguished in both sexes by the much longer 23alpus, green fringes and other characters. Fresh s25ecimens show white, red-edged s25ots on the abdomen, l)ut the body in this and the two following s23ecies seems very liable to “grease”. The tyj^e was from Natal. HEMISTOLA; LOPHOSTOLA. By L. B. Prout. 4:} 0. delicata Warr. differs chiefly from vivida in having a slender dark terminal line, interrupted at (teUcala. the vein-ends by large white dots, the fringe whitish, with rather large grey spots opi)osit6 the vein-ends. The face is perhaps less red and the $ palpus a trifle longer still. Natal (type), S. Mozamlhcpie and Kenya Colony. 0. punctilineata Warr. (4 h) scarcely differs constantly from delicata except in having the white dots pund.i- which represent the two lines (or at least the postmedian) accompanied by larger dark dots. Terminal line and dots generally slighter, the spots on the fringe connected by a reddish line. Perhaps both are forms of one species, 'punctilineata commonest in the d', delicata in the 5. Cape to S. Rhodesia. 0. minima Prout. Smaller than the other species (lb mm); probably nearest to delicata. Rather bluer minima. green, terminal white vein-dots present, but no dark line; fringe similarly spotted. Abdominal white spots not red-edged. Nigeria. 67. Genus: Heiiiistola Warr. Palpus variable in length, generally quite short. Antenna pectinate in the (d and usually in the $. Thorax beneath hairy. Abdomen not crested. Hindtibia with all spurs, rarely with hair-pencil. Wings ample, densely scaled, the hindwing typically with a blunt or a sharp angle at the 3rd radial. Venation normal, the costal of the hindvdng not anastomosing with the cell. A rather heterogeneous assemblage of Old-World species (see Vol. 4, p. 30). H. ( ?) ereuthopeza Profit (4i). Palpus short and slender. Tongue rudimentary. Antenna in ereuthopeza. pectinate. Narrower winged than true Hemistola, probably related to Eucrostes rujociliaria H.-Sch. but with 4-spurred hindtibia. Forewing nearly as in that species, hindwing whitish. unknown. Orange Free State. H. (?) incommoda Prout (4i). Wings broader than in ereuthopeza. Tongue developed. Otherwise Incommoda. nearly akin to that species. The hindwing, proximally whitish and distally more green in fresh specimens, discolours through moisture to a rather bright ochreous. Described from Transkei (Cape Colony), subsequently obtained by Prof. Janse from Rietviel, Natal. H.hypnopoea Prout (4 h) differs from all the other Hemistola in its didl, pale yellow-green colour, hypnopoea. which recalls Nothoterpna or Acollesis. Palpus slender, a little longer than diameter of eye. Antenna in d' vith the pectinations short, in $ not pectinate. Hindtibia in E with a hair-pencil. Madagascar. H. albifimbria Warr. (4 i), founded on a $ from Nyasaland, was described as a Thalassodes and alb i fimbria. transferred, according to the discocellulars of the hindwing, to Prasinocyma, but proves to have no frenulum in the cj and is probably a Hemistola with non-pectinate $ antenna. It is of a lighter, more yellowish green than the similar species of Prasinocyma. Very widely distribixted : E. Africa, Uganda, N.E. Congo, Nigeria, Senegal. H. tricolorifrons Prout recalls a still broader winged Prasinocyma ampla except in the minute palpus and absence of (J frenulum. Face red above, strongly mixed with green in middle, white below. Wings thinly scaled, strigulated as in Prasinocyma, without markings; hindwing rounded. Mount Kenya, W. slopes (type) and Lamu Islaird. 68. Genus : I^opliostola Prout A very natural genus, showing the rare combination of strongly developed abdominal crests with loss of frenulum in both sexes. Palpus in shortish, in $ longer. Antenna in both sexes simple. Hindtibia in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Forewing with all the subcostals on a common stalk. Exclusively African. L. atridisca Warr. differs from the other species in having the hindwing less bent. Cell-spots black- brown; terminal line obsolete; fringe unspotted. Natal; also from Pondoland, Transvaal and S. Mozambique. -- cumatilis Prout (41) from Madagascar, is of a bluer green, the cell-spots larger, wliite vein-dots better cumatilis. developed, terminal white dots also present on the veins. — dummeri subsp. n. expands 29 mm, is brighter green dummeri. and has the cell-spots at least as small as in atridisca, but of a reddish colour, and the hindw ing begins to make some approach in shape to that of cara, which may possibly prove a further race of the same species. Uganda: Mulange, Jinja, May 1922 (R. A. Dummeb), type E Mus. Tring. A d' from Nairobi in coll. Joicey. L. cara Prout has nearly the shape of annuligera (41) but is smaller, a little brighter green, cell-spots cara. red, scarcely pale-centred, terminal line weaker, fringe more yellowish, with its spots redder, costal margin of forewing not dark-spotted. Nigeria (type). Ivory Coast and W. Kivu. The less small size and plain green fringe differentiate all the races of atridisca from it. L. annuligera Sivinh. (4 1). Readily recognized by its conspicuous dark terminal line and whitish, dark- annuligera. spotted fringes; costal margin of forewing with dark strigulae. Uganda. Also known from French Guinea, Gold Coast, Ashanti, Nigeria, Cameroons and possibly Nyasa. tricolori¬ frons. atridisca. persimilis. abatuja. inspiciens. cricinellae. stillaia. phylarclia. ruhrisiicia. 44 BERTA — COMOSTOLOPSIS. By L. B. Prout. 69. Genus: JSerta Wall-. x4ii Indo-Australian genus, or perhaps section of the well-known lodis Hbn., distinguished by the form of its discocellulars, the 2nd being incurved and becoming oblique outward, so that the 3rd (at the base of the 2nd radial) arises moi’e distally. In the typical group the hindwing shows an excision between the 1st radial and the tail at the angle of the 3rd. The single African species is probably not congeneric, as it lacks this excision and has the antenna of the $ strongly pectinate. B. persitnilis Warr. (4 1). Palpus of $ with terminal joint extremely long and slender. The pair of cell-dots on each wing, that of the hindwing sometimes connected by a V-shaped mark, is characteristic. Nigeria (type). Ivory Coast, Cameroons and about Lake Kivu, not variable. 70. Genus: Cteiiol>erta Prout Differs from Berta in that the palpus is less long, the antenna of the rj pectinate nearly to the apex, that of the $ also strongly pectinate, forewing with base of 1st subcostal either obsolete or arising well down the stalk of the other subcostals, anastomosing with the costal and with the 2nd subcostal, the discocellulars only slightly indicating the Berta form, the hindwing neither emarginate between the radials nor strongly tailed at the 3rd radial. (Inly one species. C. abanga Prout (4i). Coloration and markings rather similar to those of the Indo-i\ustralian Berta species. Apparently not variable. Gaboon (type), Cameroons and Congo. 71. Genus Ix^aiiiborma Prout Perhaps a near relative of Ctenoberta. Not essentially different in palpus, antenna or general coloration, but with only one pair of spurs on the hindtibia, the 1st subcostal of the forewing arising from the cell (its anastomoses as in Ctenoberta), the hindwing emarginate between the radials. Only one species. L. inspiciens Prout (4i). Recognizable by its shape and structural characters. Uganda (type), Cam¬ eroons and 8. Nigeria. 72. Genus; MypsometTa Auriv. X very distinct genus, though probably not so remote from Gomostolopsis in structure as in facies. In its high mountain habitat it has apparently developed the diurnal habit and has almost entirely lost its green coloration, while the small eye, hairy palpus and strongly hairy pectus are also special adaptations. Palpus with 3rd joint elongate. Tongue present. Antenna in B strongly pectinate, in $ serrate beneath. Hindtibia with all spurs. Forewing with all the subcostals stalked, the 1st running into the costal; both wings with 2nd radial arising little before the middle of the discocellulars, 1st median stalked with 3rd radial. i4rRiviLLirs gave an excellent accoimt of this genus, but erroneously referred it to the Acidaliinae (Sterrhinae). H. cricinellae Auriv. (4f). Quite unlike any other known species. The name-typical form is whitish, with fuscous markings. — ah. viridis ab. n. has a pronounced greenish suffusion. Kilimandjaro ; Kiboscho, at 3000 — 4000 m, common among Ericinella, discovered by Dr. Sjostedt; a few subsequently taken by Allijaud and Jeannel at 2700 — 2800 m on Bismarckhtigel, including the type of ab. viridis in the Paris Museum. 73. Genus: Comostolopisis Warr. Palpus very slender, elongate, especially in the Tongue developed. Antenna with long pectinations in the sometimes also in the $. Hindtibia not dilated, all spurs present. Wings smooth-margined, bright green, commonly with reddish spots; venation nearly as in Hypsometra but with the 1st subcostal anastomosing with (not nmning into) the costal. African and Indian, probably a mere subgenus of the Indo-x4ustralian Comostola, without the Berta form of discocellulars. C. stillata Feld. (— rufostellata Mab., mirabiliaria Oberth.) (2 k). Known by its bluish colour, strongly developed and pale-ringed reddish spots and contrasted terminal line and fringe. Wry widely distributed in Africa, with 8ao Thome, Madagascar and the x41dabra Islands; Eelder’.s type was from the Cape. — phylarcha Prout is a form with all the markings enlarged, especially the red terminal line. Ivory and Gold Coasts. C. rubristicta Warr. (4 1) formerly regarded as an aberration of stillata, seems probably a good species, smaller, rather narrow- winged, with cell-spot of hindwing small, terminal line wanting. Uganda. MIXOCERA. By L. B. Pbout. 45 C. rufocellata Mab., described as a Eucrosies, is darker, but also of a very blue green, and is distinguished rufocellaiu. by the large blackish, white-centred and red-ringed cell-si)ot of the hindwing. Madagascar. C. subsimplex Front (4 k). Yellower green than stillala, the red spots which accompany the lines Hulmniplcj: absent or very slight, in any case not ringed with white. Madagascar (type) and Kikuyu Escarpment. — intensa hdcnsa. Front (4i) is a rather deeply coloured form from the Comoros, with the cell-dots small and no trace of red dots accompanying the lines. C. simplex Warr. (4 i). Generally larger, still brighter green and without the red terminal line. Kikuyu simplex. Escarpment and ( ?) Mount Mlanje, Xyasaland. C. fluorlta Front (2 i). At least as large as sim'plex probably nearly related thereto. Cell-dot of forewing fluoritu. dark-green, at most with only a slight admixture of black scales, that of the hindwing a little less weak; the white lines not broken into spots or dots, but formed of rather deep lunules. Sao Thome. C. sladeni Front (= laesaria Fryer, nec Walk.). Smaller than simplex. Pectinations coarser, deeper sladeni. reddish. Forewing with apex less pointed, costal edge redder, postmedian line almost obsolete, but vdth the red dot which accompanies it between the 3rd radial and 1st median larger and brighter, on the hind wing sometimes an additional (but minute) red dot at the 1st radial. Seychelles. C. germana Front. Smaller than simplex (14 — 18 mm), palpus less long, costal margin of forewing ycrmana. white or whitish, white lines rather less slender than in the allies, the redtiish spots which accompany them pale or obsolete, no fuscous cell-dots, the fringes green (in simplex yellow). Natal (type) and Cape Colony. C. apicata Warr. (= fuscipuncta Warr.) differs from the rest of the genus in having the $ antenna apicata. pectinate, with long branches. Otherwise extremely similar to simp)lex, but with rather stronger white lines and with a reddish spot at the apex and vestiges of a reddish line on each side of this. Natal and the Cape. C. capensis Warr. comes between simplex and germana in size but is entirely different in colour, being cupensis. the darkest blue-green Gomostolopsis (unless perhaps rufocellata), with red face, ochreous costal edge and almost markingless wings, only a wavy postmedian line being faintly traceable. Cape (type) and Natal. C. coerulea Warr. (4i). Rather smaller and narrower-winged than simplex and of a pale blue instead coendea. of apple-green colour. Fringes light cream-buff (in capensis green). Kenya Colony. C. leuconeura sp. n. 23 mm. Dark bluish glaucous (not so blue as in coernlea), the face dark, the abdomen leuconeura. beneath whitish. Forewing at apex and hindwing at torniis rather acute; veins finely white; cell-dot minute, black; postmedian line dentate, inbent at fold. Reunion, 25 April 1922 (G. F. Leigh), type $ in Mus. Tring. 74. Genus: Mixocera Warr. Palpus short. Tongue slight. Antenna variable. Hindtibia with terminal spurs only. V/ings smoothly scaled; distal margins smooth; fore wing with 1st sidicostal arising near the end of the cell or shortly stalked, sometimes running into the costal, hindwing with costal touching the cell near the base only, both wings with the 1st median shortly stalked with, or arising close to, the 3rd radial. A small group of African and Indo- Australian moths, of very uniform facies, the forewing of a delicate pale blue-green (extremely liable to fade), with one or two nearly straight white lines, the hindwing concolorous or whiter, sometimes wholly white. The only pectinate species is Australian. A. Antenna of cJ simply ciliated ( Thelycera Front). M. xanthostephana Front (4 k). Generally larger than the other species, particularly in the $. The xanthoste- single white line of the forewing is variable in position but always oblique, generally slender. Flindwing white. phana Possibly a form of the following. Transvaal (type). Natal, Rhodesia, Uganda and Kenya. M. hemithales Front has the white line of the forewing broader and less oblique, the ground-colour hemithcdes. perhaps paler. Kenya Colony, the type from Fort Hall, at an altitude of about 4000 feet; ? Uganda. M. obliqua B.-Bakr., founded on a single d' from N’Dalla Tando, Angola, has the antennal cihation obliqua. perhaps a little longer than in viridans and is of a somewhat more greyish green, with the jiostmedian line rather more oblique, on the forewing tapering anteriorly, on the hindwing rather broad, more proximal than in viridans-, antemedian of forewing present, but extremely fine. M. viridans Front (4 k) differs from the first two species chiefly in its green hindwing, with the line viridans. of the forewing continued ; from section B in the G antennal structure and generally in the slenderer postmedian line and obsolete antemedian. S. Rhodesia (type) and throughout a great part of Africa, reaching Gambia in the west and Natal in the south. Possibly this, and not Ghlorissa attenuata, as hitherto determined, may have been the “lodis reductata” of Walker, of which the type is lost. 46 ANDROZEUGMA; EUCROSTES. By L. B. Prout. alhistr'Kjuia. jrustrutorla. tenuis. ■inoUior. astigrnatica . ■pygmaea. disparata. beatificata. rhodopli- thahna. B. Antenna of ^ e n t a t e or snb pec tin ate [Mixocera Worr.). M. albistrigata Pagenst. (= albimargo Warr.) (4 k). Forewing wdth postmedian line generally broad, especially in the often almost as broad as the green band beyond it; an additional white line at the distal margin and, best developed in the a slender antemedian, more or less curved and often approaching the postmedian. Hindwing generally more whitish proximally than in viridans, but never wholly white. Range about as in viridans, and likely to prove a race of the Indian parvidaia Walk. The type of albistrigata was from Quilimane. M. frustratoria Wllgrn. (= ? oleagina Warr., ? serraticornis Warr.). I formerly believed that there existed side-by-side with albistrigata a closely similar species with slender postmedian line and obsolete ante- median, and still think it not unlikely that this may be the case, as some seem to have the antennal teeth less develo])ed than in true albistrigata : but the markings of the latter are so variable, and most of the material in the supposed frustratoria is in such bad condition, that much uncertainty surrounds the question. The forms named by Warren were from Natal; the type of frustratoria a $ from E. Caffraria. 75. Genus: Auclrozeugma Front Differs from Mixocera in the less minute palpus, stronger tongue, simple antenna of the d', thinner scaling and a tendency, though variable, for the costal of the hindwing to anastomose with the cell for a short distance near the base, especially in the In the type species, the 1st subcostal of the lorewing arises from the stalk of the others and the 1st median of both wings is stalked with the 3rd radial. The species which is provisionally placed with it {mollior) has the 1st subcostal from the cell, the other stalkings variable. A. tenuis Warr. { — hapala Prout) (4 k). An inconsjhcuous species, but not difficult to determine with the aid of the structural characters, tenms Warr. was founded on two specimens which were not even congeneric, but his $, which is the Androzeugma, was treated as the holotype and my name of hapala must sink. See Prasinocyma simiaria Guen. Nigeria (loc. typ.). Gold Coast, Senegal and Gambia. A. mollior Prout (5 d) is less thinly scaled and with less specialised venation; the costal of the hindwing anastomoses at not, or scarcely, more than a point and the insect is in effect a Neromia with the frenulum lost. S. Rhodesia. 76. Genus: Eiicrosles Hbn. A diagnosis of this genus, with some account of its geographical distribution, has been given in Vol. 4, p. 33 Distinguished from the pectinate section of Mixocera by its longer paljms and generally by its coloration and some details of venation, from Androzeugma by its robust build, dense scaling and strongly pectinate antenna, at least in the (^. Antenna of $ pectinate or occasionally only serrate. Eorewing with 1st subcostal arising from the cell, generally running into the costal. The species of the typical group are very homogeneous; a few long- winged species must ultimately be removed. E. asligmatica Prout belongs to the typical group, but presents a somewhat different appearance on account of the absence of the red cell-dots and terminal line, only the distal half of the fringe being tinged with rose-coloixr ; lines very weak. Expanse 15 — 16 mm in 19 — 20 mm in British Somaliland. E. pygmaea Rbl ( = insularis Prout) is very similar to astigmatica but smaller and with a small brown- red cell-dot on each wing. Structurally different from it in its stronger sexual dimorphism: palpus short in (j', rather strongly elongate in $, antenna of $ not (as in astigmatica) pectinate. Socotra. E. disparata Walk. (= parvulata Walk., albicornaria Mab., iocentra Meyr., barnardae T. P Luc., mbridisca Ifarr., nanula Warr.) (4 k). Similar to the genotype [indigenata Vill.), agreeing in the red cell-dots and w^avy terminal line. On an average smaller, the costal margin of the forewlng wliite, the fringes much paler reddish than the terminal line, the whitish postmedian line generally better developed than in indigenata . I can find no tangible difference between the Indian form disparata, the Madagascar and Comoro albicornaria, the Oueensland iocentra and the E. African rubridisca and believe wn have to do with a single, extremely widely distributed species. In Continental Africa it extends from Kenya Colony to Rondoland. — beatificata Walk., from W. Africa (Sierra Leone to Nigeria and Uganda) is perhaps a tenable race by the better develojxed wliite lines, E. rhodophthalma Prout. Expanse ($) 22 mm. Palpus \Gth terminal joint long. Ground-colour slightly more bluish than in disparata, costal margin of forewing more broadly white; ced-spots larger, wliite-sur rounded, the wavy red terminal line enclosing — at least in part — some irregular white spots at the distal margin. Cape (type) and Natal, very rare. ALLOCHROSTES; ALLOCHLORODES; XENOCHLORODES ; ACIDAL1A8TIS. By L. B. Prout. 47 E. mfociliaria H.-Sch. (= roseata Warr.) (5 cl). Hitherto placed here, but probably requires a separate rKfocil'taria. genus, not only on account of the elongate wings and their relatively long cells, but also of its short palpus, even in the $, and aborted tongue. Cape, rare. 77. Geiitis: Alloclirostes Prouf An exclusively African genus, diffeiing ivom Eucrostes principally in that the costal vein of the hindwing anastomoses very strongly with the subcostal, often nearly to the end of the cell. Abdomen with white, dorsal spots, generally in part surrounded with red. A. impiinctata Warr. (= imbridentata Warr.) (4 k). Very similar to saliata (4 1) hut with the cell-dcjts i)»p><»dnfa. white, not red, the white lines fairly well developed though very fine. Very widely distributed in Africa south of the Sahara, though I have no record for Cape Colony. The type locality is IMombasa Island. A. saliata 7<'eW. (4 1) is rarer than the preceding and much more restricted in its range. Natal (type) saliata. to Tanganyika Territory. A. biornata Prout (4 k) is smaller, the forewing narrower and with broadly rosy, white-mixed costal hiornata. border; both wings with white, red-ringed cell-spot and with red, white-spotted border. Natal (type) to S. Rhodesia. A. imperfecta Prout (5 d). At least as small as hiornata (14 mm). Face green. Wings green, scarcely imperfecta. so bright as in saliata, entirely without red markings, the lines greenish white, very fine. Transvaal; Warm- berg, 1 o . The hindlegs are wanting in the unique type, but the rest of the structure agress well with AUochrostes. 78. Genus : Alloclilorodes Prout Tongue more vestigial than in AUochrostes, or perhaps wanting. Antenna of $ perhaps merely serrate (not certainly known). Vtings more elongate, the forewing more triangular; hindwing with costal vein anastomosing to scarcely cell; both wings rvith 1st median widely separate at origin from 3rd radial. Ab¬ domen without dorsal pattern; hindwing white. Erected for a single species which does not conform well either to AUochrostes or to Xenochlorodes and has more the shape and facies of Chlorosterrha . A. elpis Prout (5 d). Smaller than Chlorosterrha semialha (2 g) rather brighter and less bluish green and etpis. differing in the structural characters — 2-spurred hindtibia, anastomosis of costal vein of hindwrng and others. Cape of Good Hope. 79. Genus: Xenochlorodes Warr. Distinguished from Syncollesis by the absence of the proximal spurs of the hindtibia. See further Vol. 4, p. 34. To the three Palearctic species there has subsequently been added one South African. X. xina Prout (5 d). Less vivid green than beryllaria Mann, the lines faint. Differs structurally in the xina. still more minute palpus, apparent absence of tongue, rather shorter anastomosis of the costal vein of the hindwing and wide sej)aration of the 1st median of liotli wings. Transvaal (type), Tanganyika and Natal. 80. Genus: Acitlaliaistiii^ limps. Differs chiefly from Xenochlorodes in the narrower wings and different colour-scheme, the hindwing being generally white, the forewing oftenest brown. Antenna of $ generally pectinate. Costal of hindAHng anastomosing to near end of cell. The wing-shape, coloration and nearly central position of the 2nd radial superficially suggest Sterrhinae. The discovery of the (JG of suhhrunnescens and hicurvifera, wiiich were founded on $$, has shown that the genus is not a very natural one, for they are evidently derived, by the loss of the frenulum, from a form cognate to Hemidromodes. All the species are African. A. A hindtibia simple, wA t h 2 spurs. A. (?) porphyretica Prout (4k) is placed here jjrovisionally, biit its systematic position is doubtful, porphijre- $ antenna not pectinate. Hindwing not paler than forewing. Madagascar. A. ( ?) prophanes Prout is also aberrant in the non-pectinate P antenna, but more normal in colouring, prophanes. Expanse 16 mm. The only known G is brownish drab, AAoth very fine pale edges to the slightly darker central area. $ white, slightly tinged with buff, especially at costa ; lines black-brown, on forewing thickened anteriorly, 48 ACIDALIASTIS. By L. B. Prout. the antemedian at ^3, the postmedian from % costa, slightly dentate, at both folds incurved, continued on the hindwing. Ziiluland (type) and Portuguese East Africa. micra. A. micra Hmpsn. (= vinnularia Bhl.) (5 b) is recognizable by its very small size, straighter lines and dissiniUis. distinct cell-dot. Aden (type) and Socotra. — dissimilis Warr. (= desertoria Rhl.) (5 c) is less small, forewing safurafa. more brownish, the cell-dot generally larger. Sudan, the Sahara, Egypt and Sinai. — ab. saturata Eothsch., founded on a from Asben, has the fore wing much darker (“greyish chocolate-brown”), with thick white antemedian and siibterminal lines. B. h i n d t i b i a swollen, with 4 s p u r s. nuhhrun- A. subbrunnesccns Prout has the forewing more sand-colour, the cell-dot wanting, the lines more uescenf^. oblique than the distal margin, generally weak. Somaliland (type) and Rharis. hicurvifera. A. bicurvifeta Prout (5 d). Larger than subhrunnescens (21 mm), with costal margin of forewing more rounded, the two principal lines more curved anteriorly, the pectinations of the $ antenna rather longer. Transvaal (type) and White Nile. curviiinea. A. curvilinca Prout (4 h). o sfill unknown, but its apparently close relationship to hicurvifera allows of its being placed here. Eorevdng bright green, not brown, in the type form with only the outer line, which mixta, is fine, strongly curved, sometimes faint. Transvaal; ? Kenya Colony. — mixta form. n. ( ? sp. cliv.) has the costalmargin broadly light-brown, the green ground-colour paler, a proximal white line as distinct as the distal, still more oblique, reaching the hindmargin quite hear the base. Woodbush Village, Transvaal, April 1915 (C. J. Swierstr^A' type ? in coll. Prout. Suggests a possibility that hicurvifera is only a form of the same variable species. 3. Subfamily: Sterrhinae. The name Acidaliinae, employed in our Fauna Palaearctica volume, is untenable for the reason noted under the genus Scopula (infra); that of Sterrhinae is therefore substituted, following Meyrick and Warren. A moderately long summary of the characters and classification of the subfamily has been given in Vol. 4, pp. 34, 35. It is generally best recognizable by the venation. An “areole”, single or double, is almost invariably developed in the forewing, such as otherwise only occurs in the Larentiinae or very exceptionally in the Geometrinae. From the Geometrinae, the Sterrhinae are distinguished absolutely by the complete development of the 2nd radial of the hindwing as well as by the course of the costal vein of the same. This latter is nearly always very characteristic in the Sterrhinae, anastomosing with the cell at a point near the base, thence rapidly diverging. There are, however, a few genera, or even individual species (see Sterrha liUiputaria Warr.), in which the anastomosis is greatly prolonged, exactly as in the Larentiinae, in which subfamily the point-anastomosis is never found. In these few difficult cases the correct location can generally be found from other characters - - the smooth face, generally narrower wings, longer cells, greater development of the 1st discocellular (tract between 5th subcostal and 1st radial) of the forewing and frequent specialis¬ ations of the S hindleg, not rarely also the loss of one or more spurs on that of the $. Only in the Asthena group is there any real difficulty, and this, for the sake of a simple taxonomy, is at present assigned to the Larentiinae. The Sterrhinae, which comprise already well over two thousand known species, are relatively not particularly numerous in the African Region and produce there almost no special endemic developments. The interesting Cosymhia-Anisodes group is very poorly represented; and with the exception of the beautiful Ptochophyle and Ghrysocraspeda and a few striking representatives of Somatina and Prohlepsis, the African Sterrhinae give us little excepting small and obscure species belonging to the two huge genera Scopula and Sterrha. In these, on account both of their unattractiveness to the average collector and their difficulty to the systeniatist, there must be still an enormous number of species awaiting discovery or differentiation. Puhl. 30. Ill. 1933. METALI AXIS; DlTllECODES; ANTilEMOCTENA ; PALAEASPILA lES. By E B. I'kout. 49 1. Genus: iffetallaxis Prout. Palpus short. Tongue present. 4ntenna of (J with fascicles of cilia. Hindtibia of with 2 s])urs or spurless; of $ with 4 sjuu’s. Forewing with apex blunt, distal margin smooth, cell rather short, areole double, 2nd subcostal arising from the cell. Hindwing with margin slightly ])rominent or bent about the 3rd radial, cell rather short, 2nd subcostal shortly stalked with 1st radial. I founded this genus on two Indian species, semiustus Swinh. anel se7nipurpura.scens Hnipsyi., but have included provisionally the following from Madagascar, as it only deviates in relatively unimportant details. M. teledapa Prout (6 a). Smaller than the typical species, 3rd joint of palpus slightly less short, cell feledapa. of forewdng a little less short, hindwing with abdominal margin relatively longer, somewhat prominent at the angle. Very distinct from all hitherto known species, superficially recalling the South American ^^Acidalia” unitans Dogn. {Hamalia). The very dense irroration of the more reddish jrarts gives them a somewhat powdery appearance. Face brown-red. Underside qrrite pale, almost unmarked, with red terminal line and darkened fringes; forewing also with red costal edge, not very sharj) cell-mark and some reddish suffusion in and beyond cell. Hindtibia of A with strong pencils and no spurs, tarsus slender, nearly tibia. Diego Suarez. 2. Genus: l>it]ieeocleis Warr. A comprehensive genus, or group of closely allied genera, characterized by the ciliated antennae and the presence of terminal spurs only on the hindtibia in both sexes (see Vol. 4, p. 46, where the German edition contains a double misprint which, however, can scarcely have occasioned any misunderstanding), nearly always also by the divided areole of the forewing; the dividing vein (base of the 2nd subcostal) can arise either from the cell or from the stalk of subcostals 3 — 5. Hindwing with 2nd subcostal from the end of the cell or very shortly stalked. The 15 hitherto described species are scattered in Africa, Asia, New Guinea and South America ; the only two African are very closely related to one another, and have the hindwing almost regularly rounded, whereas in the genotype and some others it is distinctly angled. D. ornithospila Prout (6 a). Forewing with areole nearly always double, both ample, the dividing omitho- wall arising from the cell. Lines slightly or scarcely sinuous, not at all denticulate. Named from the angular wFite cell-mark of the hindwing, which recalls in shape that of the Indian genus Ornithospila, it is, how^ever, similarly developed in some forms of the following species. Described from the Cameroons, but reaches the Ivory Coast and Abyssinia. D. delicata Warr. is, in its name-typical form, decidedly smaller than orniihospila (6 a). Areole undivided delicafa. or, if divided, with the distal part small, the wall arising from the stalk of the 3rd — 5th subcostals. Postmedian line more distally placed than in oriiithospila, waved or subcrenulate. Described from Masindi, knowzi also from the Congo. - brunneifrons Hinp.sn. (6 a) is a larger form, which was taken in numbers by Doherty in the Kikuyu brunnei- Escarpment. trons 3. Genus : Aiitheniocteiia Warr. Tongue short and very slender. Antenna of A with extremely slender, strongly ciliated jzectinations. Hindtibia in both sexes with a single strong median spur and a termizial pair. Forewdng with areole single. Hindwing with the costal anastomosing with the subcostal to about the middle of the cell — an extremely rare character in this subfamily; 2nd subcostal not or scarcely stalked. A somewdiat isolated genus of a single species, but with general affinities to Rhodostrophia and Dithecodes. A. textilis Wllgrn. (= lineata Warr.) (6 a) cannot, if the structure be considered, be confused with fe.vfUi. e), but nri-of/an.s. with more purplish irroration, which in places (especially on thorax, at base of costa and on the fringes) tends to form a definite suffusion. Vertex and antennal shaft clear white. Cell-dots small but sharply Idack, median shade much more proximally placed than in the species named; terminal line interrupted. Hindwing beneath, also forewing behind fold, paler. $ rather larger (23 mm) and duller. Diego Suarez, March-April (C. Melou)) 6 and 1 $ in Mus. Tring. — ab. (? sp. div.) degener Prout from the same source, is less reddish, without (ipgpncr. pui’iDle suffusions, the markings weaker, terminal line obsolete, 2nd subcostal of hindwing scarcely stalked. 1 (J, taken on 23 August 1917. 15. Genus: Warr. Closely related to Somatina, of which it might form a section. Antenna of the G pectinate (as in only a few So7natina), forewing with the apex falcate and with the 2nd subcostal arising from the cell. Hindleg of without spurs, a long pencil from femoro-tibial joint, tarsus short but rather slender. Estaldished for hcmularia (6 f) and a nearly allied species from S. India. L. hamularia Snell. (= viridifusa Warr.) (Of). Recogisizable at once by its shape and markings, hamalarw. Underside pale grey, the forewing suffused with ])7u-plish grey and with a broad costal stripe xanthine orange. Distributed from Sierra Leone to Angola. 16. Genus: Somatina Guen. Antenna of d generally with fascicles of cilia, rarely pectinate. Hindtibia of d generally dilated and witho7it spurs, in a few species which are certainly congeneric simple and with a pair of terminal spurs; that of the $ with 4 spurs. Forewing with areole nearly always double, the outer small to very small (occasionally lost), the dividing vein arising from the stalk of subcostals 3 to 5 (only in some suhviridata and apicipuncta from the cell); 2nd radial generally from considerably before middle of discocellulars. Venation of hindwing as in Scopiila. A moderately large and widel}^ distributed genus, chiefly Indo-Australian and African but with offshoots in CLina and Japan and in America; near Scopula but with the areole nearly always double, the pattern usiially less simple. A. A n t e n n a o f p e c t i n a t e. S. suhviridata Warr. (5i). vSomewhat transitional towards Lissohlermna , not only in the venation (see above) but in the rather acute apex of the forewing. In addition to the ty|)e (J from Sierra Leone, unfortu¬ nately in poor condition, I know only an imperfect from Buja, Belgian Congo, and a still more worn G from Sekondi, Gold Coast generally less simple, the G genitalia without the specialisations which constitute Scopula such a natural genus. S. centrophora Prout (5 i) is very similar to ctenophora , but the G hindleg has a pair of spurs; forewing centroplwra. slightly narrower, hindwing slightly more convex, both cell-marks with some silvery scaling, as in a Problepsis. Cape Colony (type) and Zululand. S. ctenophora Prout (6 f) in its simple pattern and creamy-white ground-colour somewhat suggests ctenophora. an overgrown Scopula. Build very robust, especially in the $. Hindtibia of G spurless, though not dilated. Kenya Colony (type), Transvaal and S. W. Africa. B . Antenna of (J c i 1 i a t e ; hindtibia of G without spurs. S. irregularis Warr. (6 f). A somewhat anomaloxis species, with undivided areole but certainlj^ not irregularis. a Scopula. Hindtibia of G strongly tufted. Pattern of forewing very distinctive. Gambia to the Congo, described from Nigeria. S. rhodochila Prout (5i). Head and antenna dull red; antennal ciliation as long as diameter of shaft, rhodochila. Forewing rather elongate; venation normal; distinct in its olive-buff and rosy suffusions and coai’se black irroration ; costal and distal borders pink ; cell-mark crescentic ; very vague sinuous postmedian and subterminal brownish lines indicated, formed somewhat as in the Indian pur purascens Moore or still more oblique costally. Underside dirty whitish, unmarked; costal margin of forewing buff, at extreme edge redder. W. Kivu: south side of middle Low'a Valley, 3500 feet, forest, March 1924, wet season (T. A. Barxs). 2 Go i*i coll. Joicey. XVI 8 58 SOMATINA. By L. B. Prout. 'niipuiirtii- Icita. cluilj/hocdfa. f iiiH/iferK . (ip'icipiiHC- ta. sfdafa. friiKs. lia. iosria. nuclcdia. vc.vfalis. virginaJis. dio'canhira. pyfhidria. prohlcptica. S. syneorus Prout (5 k). A fine species, the 9 with some approach in colour and markings to pm-puras- cens Moore hut consideraldy larger, d' l^ss large, scarcely surpassing irupanctulata (of which syneorus may well ]U’ove a form), the brownish or fleshy suffusions of the $ almost absent. Gaboon (ty2:)e), Cameroons and Sierra Leone. S. inipunctulata Warr. (5 k) more reseml)les a robust, rather thickdined Scopula and was actually described in that genus, l)ut has the double areole. Lines less thick than in syneorus (J, j^ostmedian of forewing less dee|)ly sinuous, of hindwing less angled outward on the 1st radial; terminal line faint, the dots obsolete. Sieri'a Leone, only the ty^^e known. S. chalyboeata Wall. (5 k). Easily distingidshed from syneorus $ by the curiously curved (anteriorly longitudinal, between the 3rd radial and 2nd median strongly jjroduced) central band. Sexes similar. Described from the CAngo, known also from the Ivory Coast and Gambia. S. fungifera Warr. (5 k). Related to syneorus and chalyboeata but white, the sidherminal lines much less dentate in the middle, the median band nearest like that of chalyboeata , but differently shaped and less darkened. Longo: Kassai district. S. apicipuncta Prout (5 k) has the 2nd sidicostal of the forewing arising from the cell, but is in all other res]jects a true Souiatina. Distal margin of fore wing with only 2 black dots, the one in front of the 5th subcostal large, the one behind that vein minute; median line of both wings fine and straight. Gold Coast. S. sedata Prout (bf). Cleaner white^and more shining, recalling a Bapta or Racasta in its tone. Natal (loc. ty}).) and Madagascar. S. fraus Prout (5k) is another white sj^ecies, but of a more bluish white than sedata-, median shade broader and more oblique, ])ostmedian on both w'ings sinuous. Hindtibia more slender than in sedata. Oubangui- CLari-Tchad, only the ty^re known. S. lia Prout (6 f). Ktiov n by its fleshy ground-colour and whitish, almost straight lines. Comoro Islands (ty2:)e) and N. Madagascar. S. ioscia Prout (5 k). Rather larger and broader -winged than sedata, the head and costal edge without any oclueous coloiir. Wings pale grey with rather strong lilac-grey reflections and with some fine olive-grey irroration. The indistinct olive-grey lines commence from characteristically darkened and oblique costal streaks. Distal areole of forewing extremely small. Mato2)])as, Bulawayo, only the ty|3e $ known. S. nucleata Wair. (Of). A grey species, distinguished by its ocellated cell-marks - oval dark rings, ])U])illed with light brown and surrounded with wldtish. Sierra Leone (type). Gold Coast, Nigeria and Sao Thome. S. vestalis Butl. (6g). The curious form of the median band, with a rounded “head” and 2 blackish distal ])oints, like the oj^en beak of a bird, immediately distinguishes this s^Jecies and the following from all the rest, including even their nearest Indian allies, oniicraria Fb., etc. vestalis has the d' hindtibia non-dilated and with 2 s^iurs. Distal areole vailable, sometimes minute or altogether lost. Descrilied from Natal, but distributed to the Cape, Kavirondo and S. Mozamlhque. S. virgmalis Prout (bg). Hindtibia of strongly dilated, with hair-pencil, the spurs wanting, the tarsus greatly al)breviated. Otherwise hard to distinguish from vestalis (bg); the distal clouding at the radials weak or wanting, hindwing with the discal jiatch continued (often without narrowing) to the abdominal margin. Congo and Angola to Kenya and Nyasaland and even known from Sierra Leone, the tyjje from Uganda. S. mozambica Th.-Mieg. Unknown to me, jmssibly an aberrant form of vestalis, but the descriiition does not conform to the Mozambique vestalis which I have seen. Exjianse 17 mm (tij) to ti])). “Antenna jjec- tinate." Cell-marks irregularly shajK^d, a little oval, [tartly black, jjartly red-brown, sprinkled with metallic scales, on both wings with a small, roiind whiite s|)ot in the centre. A dentate black subterniinal line. Forewing in addition with a very small sjwt on hindmargin. Mozambique: Il)o, 2 (Jd' (described as a Problepsis). S. pythiaria Guen. (5 k), founded on 2 from Abyssinia, evidently belongs to the groiq) for which the best known name is figurata Warr., but I have not been able, from GrENEE’.s crude figure, to identify it with any maderial in our British collections. “Somewhat yellowish wddte, with 2 parallel, denticulate grey lines and 2 series of subterniinal shades, also of a jiale grey. Eorewing with a subreniform cell-ring formed of raised scales, metallic plumbeous idaced on yellowish brown. Hindwing with a constricted reniform discal ocellus, nacreous Avhite with slightly yellowish centre.” S. probleptica Prout (5 1). More Problepsis-YWe in the well-develo])ed, silvery-edged cell-marks, and as the areole is single in the only two examjiles yet known it seems to be really transitional towards that genus; 5th subcostal arising from the extremity of the areole or scarcely .stalked. Hindtibia of dilated, with yellowish hair-X)encil, the tarsus abbreviated. Northern Nigeria, 1 1 PROBLEPSIS. By L. B. Prout. 59 S. figurata Warr. (6g). Variable in ground-colour and especially in the size and development of the discal ocelli, though that of the hiTidving is always quite narrow. The typical form has about the biownish- white ground-colour of normal omicraria Fh. (India) and seems to be the princijjal form in Natal (the tyf)e locality) and Cape Colony, perhaps also in East Africa and in the Kalahari district. — ah. rufitacta Warr. has a definite red-brown suffusion, especially on the distal area of the forewing. - Candida Frout (subsp. ?) has the ground-colour white, almo,st as in vesfalis (bg). C'ganda (loc. typ.) and — ])erhaps with typical figurata — in S. Rhodesia and the Transvaal. - transfigurata Frout, from Madagascar, has the shading in the terminal area of the fore wing weak or obsolete, the cell-mark broader (almost as broad as long), its margins with a heaviei- admixture of black scales, the hindwing with the cell-mark punctuated with black anterioj'ly. S. accraiia Siomh., founded on a worn $ from Accra, Gold Coast, is perhaps a very weakly marked form of figurata (6g) with the greyish cloudings of the distal area rather strongly developed, the cell-mai’k apirarently small (almost rubbed off, but the leirs reveals some brownish scaling). 17. Genus: Problepsis Led. A development of Somatina, easily distinguished from the typical members of that genus in that the areole of the forewing is single; from the few Somatina which have the areole undivided, Froblepsis can perhaps still be separated by the point of origin of the 5th sidrcostal, which is generally long-stalked with the 2nd — 4th. whereas in Somatina it arises from the areole. The d antenna, as in Somatina, nray be either pectinate or dentate- fasciculate, but the pectinate species are relatively much more numerous and include all the African represen¬ tatives. The d hindtibia is always spurless. The genus is chiefly Indo-Australian and African, but see Vol. 4, p. 49. P. ochripicta Warr. (8 a). Antennal pectinations long and strong. Differs from the following in its reduced silvery cell-marks and other details; both the subterminal lines are interrupted (macular). Sao Thome. P. flavistigma Swmh. (8 a) was based on a d Free Town, Sierra Leone, which we here figure. It is possible that it may prove to be a race of the preceding. — dilatistigma Front, from Kenya Colony, is larger, with the distal margin of the hindwing rather more regidarly rounded and its cell-mark dilated to above 2 mm in width j)osteriorly. P. latonaria Guen. (8 b). Founded on a $ in very bad condition, with the central markings of the forewing almost entirely effaced and even the distal markings of this wing so indistinct that their course can not be perfectly followed. Face fuscous, lower part white. Antennal ciliation as long as diameter of shaft. Hindwing with the markings apparently about as in digammata (8 a), which wall very likely have to sink if any anatomical characters are discovered whereby the identity of Guexees type can be definitely deter¬ mined. “Caffiaria”. P. rorida Front (8 b). G 39 mm, $ 50 mm. Pectinations of the G fairly long, gradually diminishing, to become mere teeth at about the 38th — 40th joints. Hindtarsus of G scarcely over the length of tibia. Markings weak, the silvery cell-marks without any dark element, that of the forewing narrowly reniform, that of the hindwing expanded posteriorly by means of a proximal projection; median line just distal to cell- mark on forewung, just proximal on hindwing; postmedian complete, dentate. Nyasaland: Mt. Mlanje; formerly misidentified as latonaria Guen. P. aegretta Feld. (8 a) differs from jlavisxigma in its less long pectinations, differently shaped cell- marks, that of the forewing with a dark exterior dot on the 2nd radial, in having the median line more proximally placed, etc. Cape Colony (loc. typ.) and Natal. — insculpta Frout is a larger race from Kenya Co¬ lony, with all the markings stronger, the dark outlines of the discal ocellus complete, on its proximal side heavy, recalling those of meroearia. Also known from Uganda. P. meroearia Saalm. (8 b). Purer white than aegrettx, the forewing with enlarged, .semilunar cell-mark, brownish postmedian line, shaped nearly as in digammata (8 a), and rather strong inner subterminal spots, the outer series, on the other hand, almost obsolete. The pectinations of the G antenna end in fascicles of long cilia and the antenna of the $ is also iiniisually strongly fascicled. Madagascar. — mayottaria Oherth. (8 b), to judge from the one poor G which it was founded, only differs in it large size and in having a stronger distal projection of the silvery cell-mark of the hindwdng on the 2nd radial and again between the 3rd radial and 2nd median. Mayotte, Comoro Is. P. digammata W . F. Kirh. (8 a). Antennal ])ectinations of the G short, sin-mounted wdth fascicles of cilia of about the same length. Further differentiable from aegretta by the shape of the cell-spot of the fore¬ wing, which has a longitudinal buff anterior arm along the 1st radial. The type is from Durban, where it seems to be common, but the species has a wide distribution from Griqualand to Uganda and Kenya and even reappears in Sierra Leone. jUjiirfild. riijihictd. CdtdI'dId . ird d.'ij’djd- Tdtd. accniriu. octiripidu. tlavi.Wujma. dUatisdg- nu(. latonaria. rorida. acgreita. insculpta. meroearia. nia ijotiaria. (lujanimaia. simitino- tata. ncumanni. urc'ioceti- tra. crescenii- fcra. aufractUi- nea. synnepheti. pnoirusi- from. dysniorplui. denUlhica. 60 DISCOMIOSIiS; TRICENTROSCELIS; ANTITRYGODES. By L. B. Pkout. P. similinotata Prout (Sei). Extremely like (Zig'ammafa but with the pectinations rudimentary, the lower part of the face less clear white (more fuscous-mixed); the cell-mark broader, intermediate in shape towards that of meroearia. Upper Congo. P. rieumanni Prout (8 b). Structure and shape nearly as in similinotata, the pectinations scarcely so short. Forewing with cell-mark reverting more nearly to the shape of that of aegretta, without anterior prolongation; lines fine and weak, the postmedian almost obsolete anteriorly. S. W. Abyssinia: Djiren, Djim- nia; tyj^e in Mus. Tring. 18. Genus: l>iiseoiiiioisis Prout. Antenna of d with 2 pairs of fascicles to each joint, the stronger pair arising from short slender pectinations. Hindtiliia of 8 with strong hair-pencil and sheath (except in arciocentra), the spurring irregular; of $ with a pair of terminal spurs and one or l)oth of the proximal. Eorewing with areole double, the 2nd sub-, costal arising from the cell, 2nd radial from scarcely before the middle of the discocellulars. Hindwing with 2nd sid^costal connate or very shortly stalked with 1st radial. A small African genus, differing from Somatina in the point of origin of the 2nd subcostal of the forewing, generally in the structure of the hindleg and of the c? antenna, also in the facies. D. arciocentra Prout (6 g). Hindtibia of d with proximal and 2 terminal spurs; of $ with 4 spurs. Antennal pectinations of d rudimentary, the fascicles strong. Less blackish and more strongly marked than crescentifera, for which I at first mistook it. Zululand (type), S. Rhodesia, Natal and Cape Colony. D. crescentifera Warr. (5 1), founded on a d from Barotse, has since been found in Ugogo and Rhodesia. The darkest Discotniosis. Hindtibia of d with strong pencils and sheath, the terminal spurs rudi¬ mentary, the proximal wanting; that of the $ with 3 spurs. D. anfractiiinea Prout (6g). Similarly marked to arciocentra, recognizable by its extremely zigzag lines; the white s]rot in front of (or suri'ounding) the cell-dot of the hindwing somewhat recalls that of Sco- puJa sagittilinea Warr. (6 1). Structure closely as in crescentifera (51), of which it may possibly prove a much paler race, though the hindtibial spurs of the d seem better developed. Kenya Colony. D. synnephes Prout (6 g), also from Kenya Colony, is more glossy than the other species, with a slightly sandy tone, a rather broad browir median shade on the forewing (sometimes strong, sometimes faint) and very small but generally conspicuous black cell-dots. Hindtibia of both sexes with 3 spurs. Kenya Co¬ lony and (a small race?) E. Abyssinia. 19. Genus: Triceiitroscelis Prout. A development of Discomiosis, only ditfering materially in the strongly protuberant face, d unknown. Hindtibia of $ with one proximal and two terminal spurs. Only the type species is known. T. protrusifrons Prout (6 g) recalls a small D. arciocentra or anfractiiinea, though the angulatioirs of the lines are less extreme than in the latter. Founded on a single $ from British Somaliland; a few exam¬ ples have since been received from Gurra and from Kenya Colony. 20. Genus: Aiititrygocles Warr. This genus, named from its remarkable superficial resemblance to the Trygodes of South America — a resemblance presumably indiiced by a similar protective habit — is evidently another development of Somatina, with most of the characters (single areole, etc.) of Problepsis but with more or less dentate termen of the hindwing; the areole, moreover, is sometimes lost through non-anastomosis of the 1st sid>costal of the forewing. Antenna of d with fascicles of long cilia, which occasionally arise from rudimeihary pectinations. Hindtibia of d strongly tufted, without spurs, hindtarsiis shoi't ; of $ with all spurs. Chiefly Indo-Austra- lian, but includes at least 3 African species. A. dysmorpha Prout (51). Antenna of d with the fascicles arising from triangular teeth. Wing-shape more extreme than in the other Afiican species, the green median spots of the forewing moi’e confluent into a single, irregular band. N. Nigeria (the ty|^e) and Gold Coast. A. dentilinea Warr. (6 h). Near the Indian cuneilinea Walk, but with a larger cluster of green spots. Postmedian line of both wings beneath as direct as in that species, above — at least in the typical form — with a veiy pronoiinced outward angulation between the medians. Antennal fascicles of the d sessile. Sierra Leone (type). Ivory Coast, Nigeria, ? Gaboon, ?Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. LEUCOXENA; SCOPULA. By L. B. Prout. ()1 A. acinosa Profit (5 1) can scarcely be a form of the preceding, though the structure seems about the dchiDnu. same. Forewing with distal margin slightly more sinuous, hindwing with the tooth at the 1st ludial rathej- moi-e acute. Deeper purplish, the green blotches larger, including some partially rounded ones in the distal area. Sao Thome, recorded in Tr. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1927, p. 189 as dentilinea; tyjie in coll. JoicEV. A. callibotrys Prout (5 1). Antenna of (J with short, fascicle-bearing pectinations. Further distinguish- raliiholri/s. able from dysmorpha by the shape, from dentilinea by the postmedian line, from acinosa by the reduction of the green s^Dots. Congo: Upper Ka.sai River (type); also French Guinea, Uganda and (perhai)s a sei)arable race) Madagascar. 21. Genus: liCiieoxeiia Wan-. An offshoot of Scopula, characterized by the longer anastomosis of the costal vein of the hind wing with the cell. Antenna of d strongly pectinate, as in some species which we have placed at the head of Scopula. Palpus rather strong. Hindleg of lr(>i>ii . yhyletls. molaris. pcl/onio- des. curviniar- ijn. bilincdta. ulhiilu. ])>(■((! . fiilvilipca . imp let a. flexio. 62 SCOPULA. By L. B. Prout. cnrvhnar go -grow]). Hindtibia of ^ slender, but without spurs. S. monotropa Prout (6 b). This and the two following species, which will in all jH'obability be found to belong to the same grou]), although their unfortunately not yet known, have similarly smooth and not very strongly convex margin of the hindwing to that of palleuca. The o of monotropa is indeed very .similar to the most brown-tinted form of that species, exce])t in the absence of the hindtibia! spurs; costa of fore¬ wing slightly more elongate, cell iierhaps slightly less elongate. The face is perhaps not quite so flat, the eJeJ are more brownish-tinged than those of palleuca, with stronger lines, including one on the hindwing, and have the proximal spurs of the hindtibia placed at less than % — in palleuca at just beyond %. S. W. x4frica. S. phyletis Piout (6h) differs from monotropa - which may, however, ])rove to be a form of the same s2)ecies — in its more violet-grey forewing, with stronger sid^terminal shading, weaker terminal line, hind¬ wing with more lines and underside more suffused. Transvaal, 3 $$ known. S. molaris Prout, from 8. Rhodesia, is possibly another $-form of phyletis (6 h), rather larger, possibly longer-winged, less pale (especially on underside), Imt with head, face and front of thorax whiter; cell-dot minuter. S. pelloniodes Prout. Not altogether dissimilar in build to the 3 preceding but a little larger (25 mm), the forewing fawn-colour, the hindwing appreciably more ochreous tinged, the coloration recalling the Indian Rhodostrophia inconspicua Btlr., though a little duller. Fore wing with sharp black cell-dot, median shade just beyond it, little thickened, postmedian line slender, slightly sinuous, a shade present on proximal side of the subterminal. Hindwing with the line and shades feebly continued. Underside slightly more ochreous, with cell-dot and postmedian line indicated. Orange Free State; Harrismith, 1 (J. S. curvimargo Warr. (6 h) differs essentially from all the preceding in the more convex margin of the hind wing, with angle at the 3rd radial; this and its fine lines, with brown spots outside the postmedian of the forewing, suggest that it might be a ])ectinate relative of sanguinisecta Warr. and penricei Prout (7 b). N. Rhodesia (type) and Nyasaland to 8. Rhodesia and perhaps the Transvaal; similar forms also in Kordo- fan, Kenya Colony and on Kilimandjaro. S. bilineata Bastelh. (= nubicincta Hmps. (8e) is like a fleshy-coloured ewrvimargo (6h) and it is not quite certain that it may not be a colour-form of it. Bastelberger, mistaking the affinities, proposed for it a new genus Psilephyra. Nyasa, N. E. Rhodesia and Tanganyika Territory. albida-gvowp . Hindtibia of U dilated, without spurs. S. albida Warr. (6 i). 8imilai’ to curvimargo but with the angle of the hindwing blunter ; less definite brown marks outside the postmedian of the forewing, that of the hind wing less bent in the middle, etc. Variable in coloiu’ (white or more brownish) and in the strength of the markings. -- ab. pura Swmh. is weakly marked, but scarcely deserves a separate name. — Both the types were from Uganda, but the distribution is wide in W. Africa, from 8ierra Leone to Angola. B. 8ection Pt/farf/e ITarr. A n t e n n a of ^ ciliated; hindtibia of U with terminal s p u r s. S. picta Warr. is a glossy white s])ecies, easily known in its more t^q^ical forms by the bright dentate zinc-orange postmedian line of the forewing. It is, however, extremely variable, unless (as Warren supposed) we are dealing with two closely allied species. 2nd subcostal of hindwing often mere definitely stalked than is usual in Scopula. The actual type was an almost iinique form, with the distal area of the forewing i^nre white. — ab. fulvilinea Warr. (6 i) designates the more usual forms, more or less suffused with grey shading which is generally band -like in the distal half and sometimes — especially in the $$ — obscures the orange line. Transvaal to Kalahari and the Cape, the type fi'om Natal. S. impicta Prout (6 i). Less white, less banded, except for the proximal snbterminal shade of the forewing; lines fine, generally rather weak, the postmedian not bright brown, the white hindwing with a black cell-dot. Transvaal (loc. typ.), Basutoland and Cape Colony. S. flexio Prout (6i). ^ unknown, the subgeneric position consequently uncertain. Rather larger and longer- winged than the three preceding, the forewing moi'e brownish, with the post median and the pure white line outside it flexuoiis, the hindwing less white than in them, with traces of brownish lines. Cape: Dunbrody, a few SCOPULA. By L. B. Prout. 63 S. gazellaria Wllgrn. (= obliquiscripta Warr.) (6i). Distinguishable at a glance from hnpicfa and its gazellarin. nearest allies by the strongly marked hindwing, which continues the pattern of" the forewing. I liave not seen Wallengren’s tyjie from “Caffraria” and cannot be quite sure that the synoirymy is correct, as the three following species are very similar. Natal arrd the Transvaal. S. promethes Prmd (6 i). Fascicles of cilia less long than in gazellaria, forewirrg with apex rather less promethe!^. acrrte, median line more distally placed, proximal sirbterrrrinal shade not thickened. From both gazellaria and subobliquata it differs irr havirrg the hindwing appreciably, though very feebly, bent at the 3rd radial, the wings rather more glossy (less densely irrorated than in subobliquata) (5 1), the postrnedian lirre of both wings slightly more sinuous. Basutoland (tyj^e), Trarrsvaal and Cape Colony. S. sevandaria Sivinh. is, I strongly suspect, merely the or a $-ab., of the following and has jrage- sevandaria. priority. Smaller, more strongly marked, the median line more oblique, closely approaching the postmedian towards costa. Kenya Colony : E. Quaso, Masai, 1 S. peararia Sivinh. (51). A little narrower- winged than promethes, more tinged with drab-grey, more peamrlu. irrorated, postmedian line more accentuated on the veins, median line of hindwing proximal to the cell-dot. Kikuyu Country. S. acyma Prout (8 1). Rather larger than peararia, slightly more elongate but wdth costal margin of ucyma. forewing slightly more rounded, colour differeirc (pale pinkish buff to light pinkish cinnamon, the anterior part of the hindwing whiter), median line rather less firm, rather widely separated from antemedian. Anten¬ nal ciliation even, about as long as diameter of shaft. Kenya Colony (Mau Escarpment); Molo, 2420 m., '2 S. technessa Prout. Again rather larger (31 mm), the antennal ciliation in extremely long fascicles, technessa. Forewing with apex acute, minutely produced, termen prominent in middle, hindwing with costa rather long, termen with a strong tooth at 3rd radial. Coloration slightly more buff than in peararia-, postmedian series of vein-dots on forewing bent at 1st radial, then nearly parallel with distal margin, slightly sinuous. Lines of hindwing becoming thicker and more blackish at abdominal margin. Mt. Aberdare: Mt. KinangojD, 2500 — 3000 m, 1 cJ. The unique type is unfortunately rubbed, but easily recognizable by shape and structure. S. subobliquata Prout (5 1). Of this sjjecies I only know the type thus its reference to the section subobliqua- Pylarge is only conjectural, based on its resemblance to promethes and peararia ; whiter than both ; irroration blacker than in peararia, but not quite so copious, postmedian of forewing exactly parallel with termen, browner (less grey), black dotted on the veins. Haenertsburg, Transvaal. S. punctilineata Warr. (6 i). Variable in colour but unmistakable in shaj^e, in the thick and oblique punctUi- niedian shade, postmedian-dotted on the veins, etc. The type has the ground-colour white, the median shade neata brown. — ab. griseolineata Warr. has the ground-colour more tinged with brown, the median shade mixed griseoUuea- with black-grey. — ab. fuscata ab. nov. is infuscated throughout, the median line still remaining the strongest marking. — The species ranges from Transvaal to Cape Colony, the type from Natal. S. concurrens Warr. (6 i). Unlike any other known species of the section Pylarge, more resembling concun-eus erinaria (6 m), deserta (7 a) or dissonans (7 a). With care it can be distinguished, apart fi’om the ^ structure, by the extremely oblique pose of the markings, which results in making the median shade of the hindwing appear as a continuation of the 1st subterminal shade of the forewing. N. E. Rhodesia; Loangwa River, only a few examples known. A rather broad-winged, but otherwise similar $ from Bahr-el-Ghazal (the median shade of the hindwing just proximal to the cell-dot) and two larger, less fleshy-tinted, more heavily dark-dusted $$ from Nairobi (median shade of hindwing just distal to the cell-dot) probably repi’esent races. S. donovani Dist. {— extraordinaria Stgr., extremata Warr.) (6i) represents in Africa and Syria the donovani. subsection Lycauges Btlr., distinguished by its extremely elongate wings. See Vol. 4, p. 54. Known from Mo¬ rocco, Egypt, Nigeria, Uganda, Barotseland, Transvaal and Natal, the type being from the Transvaal. From Madagascar I have seen only a small specimen which seems nearer to the Indian emissaria Walk. (= defa- mataria Walk.). S. dapharia Sivinh. (6 k). Also very long-winged, but with the hindwbng better rounded than in dapharkt. donovani, paler and with less markings than the forewing, the latter with a redder tint. Kenya Colony, espe¬ cially about Nairobi. S. ruficolor Prout. Very near irrufata (6 k), with equally long antennal ciliation. Larger (25 mm) nificohv. forewing longer and narrower, with more oblique termen, hindwing with more sinuous termen, coloiir brighter rufous, much less densely irrorated, lines more distinct, underside less unicolorous. Johannesburg. S. irrufata Warr. (6 k). Scheme of markings as in the variable nigrinotata (61), which lacks the spurs h-ruiata. of the cj hindtibia. More reddish than in any known form of that, the lines not forming enlarged black spots at the costa. Cape Colony. 64 SCOPULA. By L. B. Pkoft. neplielo- peros. ocellirhicld. aiio'iffid. catidida- ria. pUouorcu- ini. 44 ectoposiig- ma. longHar- sala. hiftincera. ftiiuuirhi. hisiiiiinid. accnira. n'Kjrinola- lu. uniforini^. arijUlacca. S. nepheloperas Prout (6 k) somewhat recalls some Glossotrophia or the Palaearctic S. submutata Tr. (Vol. 4, pi. 4i). On an average smaller than the last-mentioned, more ochreons or sandy, antennal ciliation in both sexes longer, face i)ale in lower half, etc. Described from British Somaliland, since received from Abyssinia and Asben. S. ocelHcincta Warr. (5f). Distinct in the ringed cell-dots and the dark spots of the snbterminal area. Only known from both from Athi ya Mawe, Kenya Colony. S. anoista Provf (5f). Nearly as l)road-winged as plionocentra but very differently marked, the fore¬ wing having an orange-cinnamon spot at the tornus and weaker indications of a subtenninal one between the radials. Forewing l)eneath well marked, hindwing beneath plain whitish. Ja River, S. Cameroons. S. carsdidaria Warr. (G k). Conspicuously distinct in its group, relatively large, white, wdth dentate markings. Pore wings beneath strongly smoky. Kikuyu Escarpment. S. plionocentra Prout (6 k). An obscure little species but scarcely variable. Apart from its spurred hindtibia it can be distinguished from the mass of similarly coloured species which we place at the end of Sco- pula l>y its very zigzag, punctiform outer line, placed on a narrow shadowy basal or thick line and apparently I’epresenting on the forewing a combination of the postmedian with the first subterminal shade. Nigeria (loc. typ.) to Gaboon and Uganda. S. minoa Prout (6 k) differs from all the rest by the entire absence of markings. Build rather robust. Wing.s strongly glossy, of a rather characteristic colour-tone. Face not darker than the rest of the head and body. Somaliland (tyi:)e), Al)yssinia and Kenya Cblony. C. Section Sro/ntfa. Antenna of ^ i 1 i f'- f ^ ^ 7 i’ a r e 1 y with short pectina- t i o n s) ; h i n d t i b i a of d' without s p u r s. S. ectopostignia Prout (5f). Face black. Antennal joints slightly projecting, ciliation scarcely over 1. Collar buff. Hindtibia fringed with coarse scaling above and tufted at extremity, tarsus almost as long as tibia. Forewing with cell noticeably over U; irroration not strong; the light brown lines rather weak. Hind¬ wing with cell fidly Underside with cell-dot and traces of the lines beyond, fore wing with smoky suffusion in cell. Fernando Po, 3000 — 4000 feet, 1 somewhat wasted but easily recognizable. S. longitarsata Prout (6 k). (J with antennal joints projecting, the fascicles of cilia somewhat longer than diameter of shaft ; hindtibia slender, of about the same length as femur, tarsus markedly longer. In shape and coloration reminiscent of a miniature virgutata Schiff. (Vol. 4, pi. 4 k), but with sharper cell-dots, median and postmedian lines of forewing curved near costa, these lines on hindwing more proximally placed, terminal line more broken into dashes, hindwing beneath with ])ostmedian much more distal than above. Kenya Colony: Kibwezi. S. ifisincera Prout (8 1). Very similar to sincera Warr., biit with the $ hindtibia short and slender, the tai'sus longer than the tibia. Wings less clear white on both surfaces, especially on the forewing l^eneath, first line farther from the base and more oblique, black terminal dots wanting. Transvaal (t;\q3e) and Transkei. S, sinnaria Swinh. (6 k). Both wings with postmedian line very distal, sinuous (possibly Swinhoe intended to wiite “sinuaria'"), median on the forewing clear, similarly formed; terminal markings very characteristic, the very fine black terminal line being continued roimd the apex and finely edged proximally and distally with white, as in nepheloperas (6 k) and the European submutata. Hindtarsus of d' I'lof abbreviated. Kenya Colony. — bisinuata Warr. is generally browner, but some examples differ little from the greyish name-tv])e. Angola (loc. t>q3.) and from Nyasaland to the Cape. S. acentra Warr. (8 b) resembles a giant nigrinotata, rather evenly irrorated and wdthout enlarged costal spots on the forewdng. Structure similar, but the cJ hindtibia less thickened. “South Africa” (Natal). Also knowar from the Transvaal. S. nigrinotata Warr. (6 1). Extremely variable in colour, no doubt — as with its Palaearctic relatives, the marginepu'nctata-gm\\\r — adaptive to the soil on which it occurs. Hindtibia of ^ thickened, tarsus at least as long as tibia. Forewing with black or dark costal spots at the beginning of the lines, including a subbasal. The name-typical form, described from Nyasaland, is dirty white, more of less strongly irrorated with blackish, giving rise to innumerable subordinate variations. — ab. uniformis Prout is almost uniformly dusted with dark grey, closely like the Indian cleoraria Wall'., except in the less white siditerminal spots; markings, in consequence, much weakened, even the costal spots not conspicuoiis. — ab. argillacea Prout denotes the more clay-tinted, or cinnamon-buff forms, which seem rather prevalent about Cape Town and in other parts of Cax^e Colony. — S. nigrinotata is known from Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Abyssinia, E. Africa and Nyasa¬ land (chiefly in the whiter forms) and Rhodesia to the Cape (largely in more suffused or more brownish forms). Publ. 8. VI. 1933. SuOPULA. By L. B. Proitt. or, S. beccarii Front (6 1). ^ unknown, but will probably show nearly the structure of acentra (8b) or mar- hcrrarti. gmepunctata (Vol. 4, p. 63, pi. 4h). Very similar to the latter, but with the forewing a little narrower, its distal margin rather more oblique, hindwing less convex; median shade little thickened, subterminal rather less expanded between the radials, the spots on its proximal side strong. Eritrea. S. timia Front (8e). A small species, known by its whitish ground-colour, weak sandy markings and I'lmid. absence of dark irroration. ^ unknown, but I assume related to beckeraria Led. (Vol. 4, j). 62, pi. 7 b), though the wings are rather narrower and still paler. Cloudy spots in the distal area may be present oi’ almost ob¬ solete. British Somaliland. S. nephotropa Front is jjossibly a form of timia (8e), but more probably distinct, as the forewing has nephotroita. a fine irroration, in part dark grey, giving to the wing a slightly more smoky tone; its distal margin per¬ haps slightly more oblique, its (faintly indicated) subterminal line apparently much straighter, terminal dark dots or dashes present (in timia merely a weak sandy line). Sugli, A1 Hills, 4700 feet, in the east of British Somaliland, only the tjrpe $ known. S. pyrrhochra Front (8f). Also conceivably a remarkable colour-form of timia, together with which pyrrhochra. it occurs at Mandera (47 miles S. W. of Berbera), unconnected by transitions. Light ochraceous buff, suffused with deeper ochraceous buff and with a greyish band (sometimes very faint) bounding the suVjterminal prox- imally. ^ unknown. S. rhodinaria Ebl., from Socotra, was founded on a single $, but probably belongs about here. Length rkodinaria. of a forewing 11,5 mm. The ochre-yellow ground-colour is strongly covered with rose-red irroration, recall¬ ing Sterrha {Ftychopoda) etigeniata Mill. (Vol. 4, p. 121, pi. 4 e) but the hindwing is rounded and the black terminal dots are on the distal margins, not on the base of the fringes. The hindleg and the venation of the hindwing prove it to be a Scopula. Can it be an aberration of the following ? S. fulvicolor Hmpsn. (8 c), also from Socotra, is somewhat variable but always of a warm ochreous jutvicotor. or rufescent tone, rather broad-winged, with large black cell-dot (or dash) on forewing and exceptionally elongate cell-mark on hindwing. with antennal ciliation moderate, hindtibia rather slender, tarsus long. S. simplificata Front (8 c). Near fulvicolor, scarcely so broad-winged, much paler, the postmedian line .simpJijl- not appreciably sinuate inward, scarcely blackened on the veins. Eace brown. Ogaden; Ganale River. S. separata Walk (8 c). Variable in colour, but nearly always easy to recognize by the narrow, irre- r-f'parata. gular band between the postmedian and subterminal. ciliation long, hindtibia slender, tarsus long. — ab. atlantica Walk. is a grey form with heavy lines but without the band -like distal shading. — Island of St. Helena, atlantica. S. inscriptata Walk. (= acentra Warr. nom. praeocc.) (6 1) differs from nigrinotata (6 1), which aSwinhoe inscriptata. quite wrongly sank to it, in its sharp alternations of white and dark brown, large cell-dots, extremely deep in¬ ward bend of the white subterminal of the hindwing between the radials, etc. Underside similar to upper (in nigrinotata very weakly marked). “S. Africa” (Cape Colony) and reaching the Transvaal. S. sagittilinea Warr. (6 1). Smaller than accentnata, ^ hindtarsus fully as long as tibia, hindwing not sagittilinea. crenulate, ground-colour slightly more reddish brown, no dark blotch between the radials outside the post- median, underside paler with the postmedian rather less dentate. Somaliland to the coast of Tanganyika Territory, described from Mombasa I. S. duplicipuncta Front differs from accentnata (61) in having the postmedian line nearer the termen, dupUci- especially on hindwing, median shade of hindwing almost encircling cell-spot. Perhaps only an aberrant form puncta. of it. I do not know the Pretoria. S. accentuata Guen. (= exiguaria Walk., accenturiata Walk.) (61). At first glance suggestive of some accentnata. forms of acentra or nigrinotata, though with a more olivaceous tinge. Hindtarsus of about, or scarcely, as long as tibia. Hindwing more crenulate. Postmedian line and proximal subterminal shade of forewing dark-marked between the radials; hindwing generally showing a white dot in front of the cell-dot, as in Discomiosis. Cape to Kenya Colony. — ntdisaria Walk. {— dentigerata Walk.) is almost certainly a mere aber- rudisorki. ration, less irrorated, the postmedian line perhaps more strongly inbent between the radials, with more nigri- notata-like expansion of the subterminal shade. Cape of Good Hope. S. cassiaria Swinh. (61). Closely related to accentuata, but I think distinct. Antennal ciliation of cassiaria. a little longer (about 2). Hindtarsus of ^ longer than tibia. Wing-margins slightly more dentate; median shade of forewing, from its angle at hindward, almost straight, firm. Kenya Colony : E. Quaso, Masai. Also received from Uganda. S. cassioides Front (6 ni). Probably not really as near to cassiaria as it looks. with ciliation shorter, cassioides. hindtarsus only about 2,3 tibia. Rather more brownish than cassiaria, median shade of forevUng arrising from XVI 9 rccurvtno- suhpecti )iii- t((. mntjratili- nea. oplraia. eiiphonlu. mesophae- >1(1, co»i»iaria. frcujtlis. ■sUomo'ia. O'ixaria. isoJafa. ery>n»a. hi(/C)iii)tu- ia. riififiKihria. ahita. dc.<rincipls. ffparsipiunc- laia. 6S S. caesaria Walk. (— obturbata Walk., perfectaria Walk., faeculentaria Mah., rufimixtaria Wa7r., Caesarea Fuchs) (7 b). As widely distributed as opicata but more variable; genei'ally, however, very easy to recognize by the vinaceous, grey-clouded distal area, which on the forewing anteriorly narrows to the apex, nearly as in fuscolmumea fringes clearer vinaceous. hindtibia somewhat dilated, tarsus a little shorter. Hindwing roimded. — ah. defecta ah. 7iov. almost entirely lacks the characteristic borders, but may still be known liy the pinkish fringes. — African localities known to me are Gambia, Nigeria, Congo, Nyasaland, Tanganyika Territory to Cape Colony, Comoro Is., Madagascar. Eastward it reaches New Guinea and Au.3tralia. S. atramentaiia Basrelb. (6 h) is characterized by the extremely dark markings of the distal are a and the black-ringed and black-tipped abdomen. The t;v"lie (J, from Kidugala, Tanganyika Territory, remains unique; but see the following. S. penricei Piout (7 b) may, I suspect, prove to be a race or the nornral form of the species which Bastelberger earlier described as atra^neiitaria . Markings of abdorrrerr and of distal area mrrch less extre- rrrely dark. Erorrr sangumisecta it differs irr the red-brown face and palpus, slightly more irregirlar shape, Irrowner lines, differerrt airterior macrrlation of srrbtermirral area and dark-dotted fringe. Arrgola (type) and N. Rhodesia. S. sanguinisecta Warr. (7 b). Face black. Hirrdtibia dilated with hair-perrcil, tarsrrs about as long as tibia. On the differerrtiation from pe^iricei see above. $ rrrore greyish, especially irr distal area, the spots weak or rrearly obsolete. Ca])e Colorry to Kerrya, the type froirr Natal. — ab. muscosaria Wan', is a large $ frorrr the Kikrrytr Escarpment with urrusually heavy dark irroratiorr. Should the variable East African forirrs prove to constitrrte a race, this irairre must be apj)lied to it. — subcatenata Prout (? sp. div.) (7 b). More flesh-colorrred, rrredian line strorrgly irrcurved at fold, srrbtermirral spots more nurrrerous, though corrr- nronly weaker or arrteriorly srrraller, irr the $ gerrerally fortrring a complete chain. Madagascar: Diego Suarez. — ab. albida Prout has the ground-colour whitish; taken among typical siihcatenata. S. bates! Prout (8 e). Closely like a large, pale, weak-irrarked scmguinisecta, the postrrrediarr of the forewing slightly rrrore sirrrrous, the hindtarsrrs only about % as long as the hindtibia. Cameroorrs. Gerrdern, 4600 feet, only the type ^ known. S. tersuiscripta Prout (7 c), from Barberton, Trairsvaal, rrray be a rrear relative of sanguinisecta, without the macrrlation of the distal area. But if the arrtenrra ( unfort rrirately lost irr the d' typ^) were pectinate it irright prove to belong to cw'vwiargo (6h). S. petomata Th.-Mieg. 19 mnr. Near decorata Schijj. (Vol. 4, p. 80, pi. 4 irr). Pure white, forewing with a very fiire black median line, crossing a small cell-mark of the same colour. Postmedian a little more zigzag, followed by blackish brown spots. Distal margin of both wings marked with black betweerr the veins, espe¬ cially near the apex. No central line on the hindwing, but a small dash orr the discocellular black, not a (1 o t as in decorata. Fringes white, mottled with black. Underside pure white, without m a r k i rr g s. Face white, grey above. Ibo, Mozambique, 1 Unknown to irre. S. tricommata Warr. (7 c). Also similar to some forirrs of decorata, or still more like the Indiarr deli- ciosaria Walk., of which latter it may be a race, in general less sharply marked, the underside unmarked. Hindtarsrrs of very short. From peror^iata^ it nrust differ in the black face, position of median line (which, moreover, is strong orr the hindwing) and mixture of brown and blue-grey in the colouring of the subter¬ minal spots. Gambia to the Congo, S. W. Abyssinia and Unyoro, described from the last-narrred. S. elegans Prout (7 c). Smaller and shorter-winged than tricornmata, with the nraculation differently arranged, the subterminal blotches being costal, hindmarginal, and between 3rd radial and 2nd median. Hind- tibial pencil of cj strong, tarsus very short. Gold Coast to Congo arrd (loc. tjqr.) Uganda. S. ossicolor Warr. {= submarginata Warr.) (7 c). Also small and short-winged, but not white; ante- and postmedian lines rrrarked with black vein-dots; outer srrbterminal shade with soirre rather characteristic dark markings at the radials and rrear tornrrs. Hirrdtarsus of Cs or hirrdtibia. Sierra Leone (type) to Corrgo arrd perhaps Angola. S. quintaria Prout (7c). Whiter than ossicolor, but rather less prrre white tharr friconwiata . Hirrdtar¬ sus less tharr hindtibia, but apparently not quite so short as in ossicolor, of which at orre tirrre I thorrght it rrright be a local race. Natal. A few exanrples frorrr Gazaland, Angola, Nyasaland arrd even L^ganda may be slight geographical variations of it, but are irrsufficient for working out irr this difficrrlt group. — principis Prout has the rrpperside almost pure white, the forewing beneath smoky proxirrrally and with a postrrrediarr liire more or less developed (in quintaria ahrrost as rrnirrarked as in trico^iimata). Founded orr 6 $$ frorrr Principe, 1500 — 2000 feet, April — May 1926. S. sparsipunctata Mab. (7 c) is perhaps arrother race of the sarrre species as the two preceding, arrd would provide the oldest rrarrre. Except that the distal irrargin aird the postrrrediarr lirre ajrpear slightH less sirruorrs, I carr poirrt to little difference. Madagascar. SCOPULA. By L. B. Prout. 69 S. roezaria Sxvinh. (5 c), though also similar, is not difficiilt to distinguish. Face red (dark-mixed roezorio. on upper 1/3), hindtarsus of less short (not much under 1), postmedian of forewing more strongly angled at 1st radial, etc. Madagascar. S. subtaeniata Bastelh. (8e), doubtfvdly from “Madagascar”, perhaps belongs about here. White, suhiacnia- the forewing with the markings weak (partly abraded) excepting the composite subterminal spots about the 1st radial and the fold, the hindwing more strongly punctuated, especially near base and along abdominal margin, and with yellow-brown subterminal band and antemedian half-band. I suspect a form of insolata Bllr. (Vol. 4, p. 78, pi. 7 c, as hutleri) with erroneous locality. S. rufinubes IFan'. (7 c) is the African representative, perhaps eventual synonym, of the Indian pulchel- rujinuhcs. lata Fb., which will be noticed in Vol. 12. More variable in Africa and with a larger percentage of reddish forms, the $$ heavily clouded in distal area. From sanguinisecta it differs in its smaller size, rounder hind¬ wing, shorter tarsus, terminal line almost as noticed under smnaria, etc.; from neplieloim'as in its spurless hindtibia, less angular median line, different maculation at apex, etc. Known from Ivory Coast, Uganda (loc. typ.), Abyssinia and Somaliland to Uar-es-Salaam, and Madagascar. S. horiochroea Prout (7 c). Somewhat similar to rufinubes, especially in the character of its terminal horiochroea. line. Rather less broad-winged, considerably paler and with the lines much less bent, the median less thick; cell-dots blackish but very small. Mandera, British Somaliland, only yet known from a series of S. nemorivagata WUgrn. (= bonaventura Warr.) (7 d). Somewhat like the palest rufinubes and nemorivagu- with (J hindtarsus similarly shortened; larger, forewing with terminal line not continiied roiind the apex, cell-dot sharply black, hindwing more angled, with straighter, in places dark-marked postmedian. The last character and the encircled cell-dot of the hindwing distinguish it also from penricei (7 b) and subcatenata (7 b). Best known from Natal, but has occurred in many parts of eastern Africa and occasionally in Nigeria and on Principe. Perhaps a form of the Indian nictata Guen., biit with hindwing less acutely angled. S. fimbrilineata Warr. (7 d). Considerably larger than 7iemorivagata ; forewing with distal margin more fhnhrUi- sinuous, subapical s]3ot and oblique dash wanting; hindwing crenulate. Variable, but it has not yet been neata. found possible to divide the E. African forms (Kenya to Natal) into races; nor even to separate those from Madagascar. The name-type, from Kikuyu Escarpment, has the dark marks in and outside the postmedian strong. — ab. protuberans Warr. has the brown marks outside the postmedian almost obsolete. — ab. niobe j^rotube- Fawcett is suffused almost throughout with a light brownish drab. — immaculata TFarr., from the Ivory Coast, rayis. is perhaps a race, whiter and more weakly marked, without the dark marks on the postmedian. But forms pnmacula- almost as weakly marked and with the ground-colour still whiter occur also in Uganda and Nyasaland, ta. together with more typical ones. A few examples before me from Angola seem also rather near the nametype. S. aphercta Prout (7 d) 22 — 25 mm, thus no larger than nemorivagata (7 d); easily distinguished apherda. therefrom by the absence of the characteristic markings of the distal area, from fimbrilineata by the smaller size and smoother wing-margins, from both by the merely curved, not angled, median shade of the forewing and the large cell-dot of the hindwing. Southern Nigeria (loc. typ.) and Belgian Congo. S. vitiosaria Sivinh. (8 e), founded on 3 not very fresh specimens from E. Quaso, Masai (Kenya Colony) viiiosaria. has about the shape and coloration of the Palaearctic floslactata Haiv. (Vol. 4, pi. 4i); but is larger (espe¬ cially the $), the median shade of the forewing thicker and more sinuous, the clear sj)ace between it and the postmedian broad, the black cell-dot of the hindwing distinct, etc. with antennal ciliation moderate, hindtarsus at least hindtibia. S. ansorgei Warr. (7 d). A conspicuous species on account of its large size and green coloiiring- ansorgei. The antennal cilia of the arise from slender (rudimentary) pectinations, but there seems no need for Warren’s genus Ghlorocraspedia, proposed for it. Cameroons, Congo and Uganda, the type a $ from Port Alice. S. tenera Warr. (7 d). Also strikingly distinct, pallid grey, with white bands . bordering the fine dark towra. lines. Costa more than usually rounded, hindwing with short, tail; terminal line not intenaipted. Hindtibia of with hair-pencil, tarsus rather less than Yz- Kandi Country. Recently received from Uganda. S. suda Prout (8f). Shining white, with the costal edge buff, the lines not very sharply defined, suda. obsolescent anteriorly, the postmedian obscurely lunulate-dentate ; no median shade, no terminal line; hind¬ wing subquadrate, the termen slightly siniioiis. Underside with costal edge of forewing black in ])roximal part, the entire cell smoky; otherwise almost unmarked. Antenna with fascicles of cilia rather long (about 2). Hind¬ tibia with pencils, tarsus little over Yz- Lake Kivu: Rugege Forest, Ruanda district, 7000 feet. S. metacosmia Prout. Face and palpus reddish, mixed with black. Hindtibia lost in the only 2 metacosmia. known Wings shining white, with purer white cell-marks, quite as in argentidisca (7 d);, gi’^y irroration 70 SCOPULA. By L. B. Prout. less definite, forewings with antemedian line much less oblique, median shade diffuse, postmedian about 3 mm from termen. Hindwing with inner margin rather elongate, bend in terinen faint. Kenya Colony and Usambara. argcniidis- S. argentidisca Warr. (= naias Warr.) (7 d). Somewhat variable in the strength and curvature of the postmedian line of the forewing and its accompanying shade, but constant in the elongate white cell-mark of the hindwing, all the rest of that wing densely irrorated with olive-grey. Kenya Colony. Also in Tanganyika Territory. coninrgyrif!. S. COiliargyris Pjwf ( 8 e) $, 24 mm. Face black. Wings white, copiously and almost regularly sprink¬ led with black; cell-dot minute; lines pale buff, somewhat obscured by the black irroration, finer than the olive-buff lines of quaclrifasciata, much more sinuous, more as those of superior Butl., (Vol. 4, pi. 4m) etc.; median line well beyond cell-dot; outer subterminal ill-defined, macular; terminal dots minute. Hindwing with 1st line wanting, median proximal to cell-dot. Underside with the irroration weaker, cell-dots and ter¬ minal dots as above, lines on forewing fainter and greyer, on hindwing obsolescent. N. E. of Mweru: Lufonso River, E. Luvua Valley, 5700 feet, only the type known. qitadrifasci- S. quadrifasciata Bastelh. (= glaucocyma Huvpsn.) (8f) is characterized by having the lines developed ata. slightly sinuous bands. Hindwing not angled: ^ hindtarsus not much shorter than the tibia. Nigeria, Angola, CTganda and from Kenya to South Rhodesia; described from Kigonsera, Lake Nyasa. antiloparia. S. antiloparia Wllgrn. is probably, according to the description, identical with sincera and the name would have priority. But Wallen gben’s type from the River Kuisip, S. W. Africa, has the lines broad (“fasciae”) the proximal subterminal broader than the others, the forewing beneath perhaps more infuscated than in sincera and the antennal ciliation perhaps stronger. A Barotse ^ in the Tring Museum may belong with it, but does not show any special broadening of the proximal subterminal band. A Transvaal speci¬ men subsequently recorded by Wallengren is probably sincera. sincera. S. siticcra Warr. (7 e). Lines more slender, perhaps more olive-tinged (yet scarcely as in quadrifas¬ ciata), the distal siibterminal very slight. Structure similar. Angola (type), Rhodesia and Transvaal. megaiostig- S. megalostigma Prout (8f), founded on a 2 from Abanga River, Gaboon, is perhaps related to straminea, but is much paler (ivory-yellow), broad-winged, the lines almost obsolete, the cell-spot of the hindwing without any accompanying cloud. ludihunda. S. ludibuilda Prout resembles minorata (7 g) in size, shape and markings, but has the straw-yel¬ lowish tinge which is characteristic of the following group. ^ antennal ciliation considerably longer than in minorata (about 2), hindtarsus over % tibia. S. Rhodesia (type) and southward to Cape Colony. straminea. S. straminea Feld. (81) exists in two principal forms, scarcely connected by intermediates. The name-typical has large cell-spots, that of the hindwing accompanied distally by a large brown cloud. — ab. sumpta. sumpta Prout is an unimportant aberration, with the dark cloud of the hindwing more extended, crossing melUflua. the postmedian line. — ab. melliflua Warr. is the other principal form, the cell-spot of the forewing puncti- form, that of the hindwing, as well as the distal cloud, wanting. — The hindtibia of the (J is strongly dilated, the tarsus much shortened. Natal and Cape Cblony, Felders’ type from Knysna. protcroce- S. proteroccUs Prout (8f), founded on a $ from Ilesha, Southern Nigeria, may perhaps be a form of the i^receding, but has blackish terminal dots, a more sinuous postmedian line and less faintly marked underside. macrocelis. S. itiacrocelis Prout (7 e) is again similar, but has a hindmarginal blotch on the postmedian of the forewing and generally a corresponding, but smaller, mark on the abdominal margin of the hindwing; cell- dots quite small. Structure nearly as in straminea (81), so that it is just possible we are dealing with a single polymorphic species, of which macrocelis would be the usual W. African form. Cameroons (type), French Congo anti Sierra Leone. flavisswia. S. flavissilTia Warr. (7 e). Smaller, hindwing less bent, postmedian of both wings almost straight, fringes rather strongly reddish. Nigeria (loc. typ.) and Sierra Leone. iranssecta. S. traiissecta Warr. ($ = dissimulans Warr.) (7 e). The largest of the group, much paler than the 4 preceding, and recognizable at once by its fii'in oblique line and bright brown costal edge and fringes. clarisshna. Range as in flavissima. — ab. (? subsp.) clarissima nov. is still larger (d' 38 mm) white, the line very firm, on the forewing a little more oblique, reaching SC^ relatively nearer to the apex. Uganda: Nabagulo Forest, 5 miles from Kampala, October-November 1921 (W. Feather), a fine in Mus. Tring. As the hind¬ wing is rather well bent at R®, this may perhaps prove a species. hahilis. S. habilis IFarr. (7 e). Smaller than irawssec to, more brownish, the fringes concolorous or a little paler, the line less oblique, at anterior end slightly curved, a cell-dot present on forewing. Gold Coast to Ca¬ meroons, the type from Nigeria. SCOPULA. By L. B. Prout. 71 S. toxophora Prout (8f). Much more ochreous than Jiabilis, the antemedian line curved but not angu- loxophora. lated, postmedian less oblique, anteriorly more curved, cell-dot obsolete. S. Cameroons. S. rectisecta Prout (8f) is intermediate in size and markings between transsecta and laevi'pennis {1 e) , redmudn. the postmedian line straighter than in the latter, less oblique than in the former, further distinguishable by its smooth yello^^ colour and deepfr yellow markings. S. Cameroons. S. lathraea Prout (8g). Easily distinguished from laevvpennis by the course of the postmedian line lathraea. and the absence of antemedian and cell-dots. Nyasaland: Luchenza. S. laevipennis Warr. (7 e). Near the colour of transsecta, sometimes almost as white as clarisswia, laevlpen- lines and fringes much less bright, post median line sinuous, approximately parallel with the distal margin. hindtarsus very short. — ab. uninotata Warr. is one of the whitish forms and seems to have the ante- uninoUda. median line obsolete, but is somewhat rubbed. — laevipennis is distributed from Sierra Leone to Kasai district and Uganda; the type was from the Cameroons. S. subperlaria Warr. (= sufficiens Warr., displicitata Kheil) (7 e). On an average larger, nearly always suhperlarm. white or whitish, glossy, the fringe concolorous, the post median more or less dentate as well as sinuate, the antemedian also sinuous, generally closer to the cell-dot, which is generally sharper than in laevipennis, a subterminal line also often well developed. Hindtarsus of (J less shortened than in laevipennis. Extremely variable in the strength of the markings, perhaps embracing 2 or more species. Distribution as that of laevipennis. — acutangula Stvinh., from Uganda, seems to be a very pale form with the postmedian rather acidangula. thick and very deeply lunulate. S. argyroleuca Hmpsn. (8 g). Perhaps a very clean-looking silvery-white form of subperlaria, but the orgyroleu- postmedian is perhaps less luniilate, the cell-dot of the hindwing sharply black. hindtarsus perhaps somewhat shorter. N. W. Rhodesia (type), Gazaland, Kenya Colony, ? Uganda. S. ochreotusa Warr. (7 e). Less pure white than argyroleuca, more like an extremely weakly marked ochreofusa. subpejiaria, but with the hindtarsus shorter. Cell-dots scarcely traceable, the faint postmedian line not quite so sinuous as iii subperlaria. Underside unmarked, even the terminal dots wanting. Unyoro. S. pyraliata Warr. (7f). Smaller than subperlaria (7e), with a decided yellow tinge, the postmedian irre- pyraUata. gularly thickened, strongly expressed also in the underside of the forewing, where it is slightly browner; black cell-dot of forewing also distinct beneath. Hindtibia of cj strongly thickened, tarsus qiute short. Liberia to Belgian Congo and Uganda, the type from S. Nigeria. S. isotnala Prout (8 d). Rather broad-winged, with the distal margins faintly sinuous. Antennal ciliation isomala. of d' longer than diameter of shaft, hindtibia moderately dilated, tarsus not much shorter. Strangely similar to aequidistans Warr., from Timor, of which only the type $ is known; irroration darker, antemedian line right-angled in the cell, median less sinuous and more oblique. Nairobi, the type. A browner $, in poor condition but probably conspecific, from Mlanje, 2300 feet. S. stephanitis Prout (8 g). Antennal ciliation nearly even, about as long as diameter of shaft. Hind- stephanitis. tibial pencil strong, tarsus less than ¥2 tibia. Recognizable by the faintly sinuous distal margins, the creamy white ground-colour and dark olive-buff costal edge and markings. Underside with sharp cell-dots, the other markings quite shadowy. Perhaps near caducaria (7f), but more recalls the South American abornata Guen. Virunga Mountain (Kivu), 9000 feet, (type (J); Kabira Forest (Ruanda), 7000 feet (1 cJ). S. caducaria Sivinh. (7 f). More glossy than the neighbouring species, the markings weaker, the post- caducaria. median anteriorly almost straight ; the subterminal shades relatively rather strong, giving, in the best-marked specimens, a slight impression of a dark distal area, traversed by the sinuous subterminal. Hindtarsus scarcely abbreviated. Kenya Colony; common in the Escarpment. S. mollicula Prout (7 f) may be placed here, as it has aboirt the same shape and coloration as cadu- molUcida. caria (though less glossy), but may well belong with the spoliata-lubricata group. Face whitish, only a little dark-mixed in upper part. G with fairly long ciliation, strongly pencilled hindtibia and short tarsus (about %). Cell-dots strong; median and postmedian lines of foi’ewing more distal than in caducaria, the latter with dark vein-dots; subterminal less strongly sinuous, its accompanying shades sometimes weak. Mada¬ gascar: Diego Suai’ez. S. crawshayi Prout (8 g). Larger than even the largest praeruptorum, considerably paler. Antenna sub- craicshayi. serrate, with longer ciliation. Hindtibia long, tarsus or slightly less. Postmedian line strongly inbent bet¬ ween the radials, but the forewing withoxit the acute tooth on the 1st radial, on the other hand with a thickening in the sinus, as in caducaria; fringe slightly irrorated, but without definite' black dots. Forewing beneath suffused to just beyond the postmedian, then whitish; hindwing whitish, almost vdthout markings except the cell-dot and terminal line. Boromo, Kikuyu. SCOPULA. Bv L. B. Peout. 'micrnaia. pvdois. rlrc7t7iipunc- tata. pracrupin- rwn. ccrinnata. improha. dur. acidalia. luxvpimctn. Cornish i. suhldbuta. crassipunc- ta. adclpharia. S. internata Guen. {= strigulifera Walk., illiturata Walk.) (7 f) is recognizable by the brown hind- marginal spot between the postmedian and the subterminal of the forewing as well as by the shape of the postmedian, etc. Hindtibia of with strong i^encils, the tarsus quite short. The name-type is small, cartridge buff and without black dots on the fringe and is found in Namaqualand (type locality) and from the Cape to the Transvaal. — ab. pudens Wart\ is pinkish-buff, with more cinnamon-buff shading, the markings weakened. 1 $ from Durban. circumpunctata Watr., founded on a worn (J from Barberton, seems to be a mere aberration with the vein-dots and fringe-dots rather well developed, the posterior spot of the forewing more fuscoiis. — praeruptorum Front (7 f) is perhaps a separate species, as the d' hindtarsus seems a little less shortened; generally larger, though very variable in size (25 — 30 mm), as well as in markings, always greyer, with strong fringe-dots, the posterior spot of the forewing varying from much darker grey or blackish to complete evanescence. Kikuyu Escarpment, 6500 -9000 feet, obtained in plenty by Dohekty. Also known from Kilimandjaro. S. cervinata Warr. (7 f) is imperfectly known, perhaps a somewhat less broad-winged form of the following, rather paler or more tinged with fawn-colour. From Sierra Leone I have only seen the type $ and another. A series from Bingerville, Ivory Coast, is rather variable and in some measure transitional. S. improba Warr. (7 f). Somewhat resembles a small praeruptortim, but the apex of the forewing is a little less produced. Equally variable, but always more suffused, sometimes very dark, the postmedian line relatively weaker, etc. Uganda (the tyjDe series), Upper Congo and Cameroons. S. dux Front (8g), founded on 2 $$ from Sao Thome, is a relatively large species with nearly the coloration of cervinata or the lighter $$ of improha, the markings similar, the forewing slightly more pro¬ duced apically. Abdomen with blackish dorsal spots. From praermptormn (7 f) it differs in its somewLat larger size, anteriorly more zigzag postmedian, etc. A from Kumbo, Nigeria, 5500 feet, in my collection, rather smaller and paler than the tyjje and withoiit the abdominal spots, may reinesent a race and has the hindleg structure of internata. S. acidalia Roll., described as “CapnodesV’, is unknown to me, but Sir Geoege Hampson, who examined the type, declared it a Scopula. “Pale cinereous. The forewings are crossed by a subbasal and parallel limbal band, and have a triple series of very fine light brown submarginal waved markings. Just below the costa before the apex are two miniite blackish dots. The (distal) margin is defined by minute blackish dashes on the interspaces.’’ Hindwing similarly marked. Both wings with a minute blackish cell-dot. “Underside pale whitish. The lines of the forewing reappear, especially the submarginal series. Neither wing shows the discal dot. Expanse 22 mm.” W. Africa. Possibly a pale aberration of improha (7 f), weakly marked beneath. S. luxipuncta Front (8 g). 26 mm. Antenna subdentate-fasciculate, the ciliation rather long. Hind- tibia little dilated, but with a long pale hair-pencil; tarsus somewhat over Forewdng wdiitish buff, with more fleshy suffusion in distal area; shadowy lines of the latter colour, the median excurved considerably beyond the strong black cell-dot, the postmedian black vein-dots exceptionally angled outward at 1st radial. Hindwing with termen waved, very slightly prominent at 3rd radial. Eorewing beneath irregidarly suffused with grey proximally, cell -dot black, markings outside it greyer; hindwing almost unmarked, except cell- dot and terminal dots. W. Kivu (loc. typ.). Also from Kampala, Uganda. S. cornishi Front (7 f). 23 — 28 mm. In shape near luxipnncta, the forewing being scarcely so broad and convex-margined as in praeruptorum and improha. The whitish ground-colour shows, in fresh specimens, a strong fleshy sidlusion; markings intermediate between those of hixipuncta (8g) and the preceding group, the postmedian recalling the latter, the very distally placed median of the forewing as in the former, but dis¬ tinct from that of both in its less grey, more fawn colouring, d' antenna nearly as in luxipuncta, hindtibia with normal hair-pencils, tarsus well over tt. Madagascar; Ambinanindrano, 50 km W. of Mohanoro. S. sublobata Warr. (= khakiata Warr.) (7 g). An iinimposing little species, best recognized by its tone of colour and especially the shaj^e of its hindwing, with appreciably produced anal angle. Hindtarsus of d over Yi tibia. Transvaal {s%ihlohata) and Natal {khakiata) and extending to Angola, Barotse and Nyasa. S. crassipuncta Warr. Bather smaller and darker than stihlohata, forewing slightly less oblique- margined, hindwing slightly more sineious but not dissimilar in shape; cell-dots enlarged, that of hindwlng elongate; postmedian somewhat farther from termen. Benguella, only the originals (2 $$) known. S. adelphatia Fung. (Vol. 4, pi. 3 k, as adelphata). Of this species, described from Jericho, but per¬ haps a straggler from the African region, I have seen a few examples — or at least I cannot distinguish them — from Senegal, Gambia and even Angola. Less dusted than minorata (7g), the lines less grey, the underside weaker-marked; hindtarsus shorter. Publ. 1. VIII. 1933. SCOPULA. By L. B. Prout. 73 S. lactaria Walk. {= tectaria Walk.) (7 g). — Difficult to distinguish from minoraia except that the postmedian is markedly curved inward at the costa, as in adelpharia, which it also generally a])proaches in having less strong irroration than minorata. Hindtarsus of (J, on the other hand, at least % tibia, thus not or scarcely shorter than in minorata. Sierra Leone and probably in a great part of Africa. Larva of the ordinary Scopula form hut green (Bacot). S. instructata Walk. Somewhat larger than minorata, of a more fleshy tinge, the lines perhaps still straighten, the postmedian a trifle farther from termen, the subterminal shades more macular. Antennal ciliation of rather long. Hindtarsus of d' almost as long as tibia. Knysna. - derasata Walk, may be a paler aberration of the same, with larger cell-dot of hindwing, postmedian perhaps more denticulate. The structure seems about the same. Cape Town. S. minorata Bdv. {= mauritiata Guen., consentanea Walk., ? intervulsata Walk.) (7 g). Perhaps the most widely distributed African Scopula, even if it be not, as has been suggested, conspecific with actuaria Walk. (India) and ocJiroleucata H.-Sch. (Mediterranean). Pirst described from Mauritius, known also from the Comoro Is. and Madagascar and almost tlnoughout continental Africa. — mombasae Warr. is a small pale form from Mombasa and the coastal region as far as Kilwa, but similar examples occur occasionally elsewhere. — luculata Giien. appears, from the types, to be a rather broad-winged, bone-coloured form ( ? race) of minorata. Reunion. S. serena Prout (7 g). Similar to minorata i. 7nomhasae but with very straight lines (parallel with the distal margin), the postmedian not incurved between the radials, and with the G hindtarsus scarcely shorter than the tibia. Larva extremely long and thread-like, much more so than that of lactaria, blackish brown, mottled with paler brown and with the extremities and legs of this paler colour. Founded on bred specimens from Sierra Leone, but very widely distributed to Angola, E. Africa, Natal and Madagascar. Scar¬ cely distinguishable from lechrioloma Turn, from Queensland. S. astrabes Prout. 16 mm. Structure as in serena. Both wings aj^pear slightly narrower still, the mar¬ gins being less curved, the apex of the forewing rather sharp. Groixnd-colour much more fleshy and with stronger dark irroration; lines greyer, much stronger, the median of the forewing crossing the cell-dot, the median and postmedian of the hindwing very straight, especially the latter, which approaches the cell-dot; marginal shade stronger, the rather large terminal dots slightly connected by a grey line. Underside with similar distinctions. Estcourt, Natal. S. paradelpharia Prout (7 g). Expanse 15 — 18 mm. Pinkish buff, with the dark lines in part pale- edged, sometimes reminiscent of the Neotropical geniis Scelolophia. Easily distinguished from similarly coloured forms of all the preceding species by the extremely short U hindtarsus (about 1/5 tibia). Ivory Coast, a good series; also Senegal. S. terrearia Mah. “Grey, not at all yellowish or whitish, crossed by 3 common reddish lines, which are almost straight, subcrenate; on the fore wing the inner and 2nd are sharply expressed, curved at the costa, the outer more obscure, approximated to termen and somewhat confused; on the hindwing similar, the 3rd still more obscure and confused ; at the base a common line which might be reckoned as a 4th one ; cell-dot midway between basal and median on forewing; fringe whitish, preceded by minute black dots. Underside shining whitish. Loukoube” (Madagascar). A broken $ ex coll. Mabille (probably the allot\"pe) expands scarcely 18 mm. I call the lines brown rather than “reddish”. S. oenoloma Prout (8g). Face black, vertex whitish, antennal ciliation somewhat longer than dia¬ meter of shaft. Hindtibia of G with hair-pencil, tarsus about as long as tibia. LTi:)perside variable in colouring, some specimens much paler than the ochreous type here figured, median shade sometimes more strongly mixed with grey, postmedian line sometimes more slender and marked with blackish dots on the veins; the vinaceous fringe (only proximally somewhat suffused with the ground-colour) is characteristic. The under¬ side has always the usual pale ground-colour of Scopula, only becoming more ochre at costal edge; forewing proximally irrorated with black; markings slight, especially on fore wing; fringe vinaceous, with pale base. Nyasaland: Mlanje Plateau, 6500 feet. S. carnosa Prout (7 g). G antenna as in oenoloma, hindtibia scarcely dilated, tarsus a little longer than tibia. Characterized by the deep fleshy colour, without dark irroration; more pinkish than pudens, cell slightly longer, hindwing a little less crenulate, postmedian line straighter, forewing beneath greyer. Trans¬ vaal: Potgieters Rust. S. euchroa Prout. Larger than carnosa (28 mm). Hindtibia with hair-pencils, tarsus not quite as long as tibia, 1st joint fully twice as long as 2nd. Ground-colour paler, terminal black dots undeveloped; under¬ side distinctive, the forewing heavily suffused with black-grey as far as the (very oblique) median line, near base almost black, the median and postmedian lines distinct, black-grey; hindwing almost unmarked, ex¬ cepting the cell-dot. Cape Province: Witte River, Wellington, 1500 feet, 1 cJ. XVI tartar ta. ittsirurtala. derasata. minorata. momhasae. luculata serena. astrabes. paradelpha¬ ria. terrearia. oenoloma. carnosa. cuchroa. 10 74 SCOPULA. By L. B. Prout. rossi. S. rossi Prout (7 g). Very similar to agrax>ta but more suffused with brown and more strongly marked. Perhaps a form of the same. Natal. agrapta. S. agrapta Warr. (7 g). Antennal ciliation of cj moderately long (about hindtibia with pencil, tarsus or ^4 tibia. Dirty whitish, the cell-dots sharp, the lines very weak, especially in the (J; the me¬ dian, which on the fore wing is just beyond the cell -dot and not very oblique, is sometimes strong in the $. Kenya (type), Tanganyika Territory and Natal. oppctia. S. opperta Prout (7 g). A glossy white species with olive-grey irroration and markings, further distinguish¬ able from spoliata by the somewhat thicker hindtibia, slightly less long tarsus, and less punctiform postmedian line; anterior terminal dots of forewing elongate into dashes. Antennal ciliation of (J about 1. Natal. spoliata. S. spoliata Wall'. (= pygarata WUgrti., pygai’gata Wllgrn.) (7 h). A rather common species in Cape Colony and Natal and perhaps reaching Uganda. Hindtarsus of (J fully as long as tibia. Antennal ciliation a little longer than in opperta, which see for further differentiation. Cell-dot on hind-stronger than on fore¬ wing. Less broad-winged than agrapta, with different structiire, generally much stronger markings, more oblique median shade, etc. pertinax. S. pertinax Prout (7 h). Smaller and whiter than spoliata, the ^ hindtarsus much shorter (scarcely over 14), markings pretty similar; terminal dots rather strong. Natal. magmdis- S. magnidiscata Warr. (7 h). Almost as small as pertinax, more brovuiish, the median shade faint. cata. Easily known by the enlarged cell-dots, particularly that of the hindwing. Hindtarsus of at least as short as in pertinax. Angola (type) and N. Rhodesia. latUans. S. latitans Prout (= reconditaria Snell, nec Walk.) (7 h) represents the nesciaria group of the Indo- Aiistralian Region. Nearly as broad-winged as agrapta, colour more as in the brownest -tinged spoliata, irroration less strong than in the latter, cell-dot of hindwing not enlarged, hindtarsus of cJ shortened, about % tibia. Described from Zaire (Congo) but widely distributed; Kasai, Angola, Kenya Colony to Natal. benenoiata. S. benciiotata Prout (8h). S 26 mm. Similar in structure to latitans. Porewing a little narrower, withdistal margin somewhat more oblique; colouring warmer, pinkish buff or light i^inkish cinnamon, cell-dots larger, postmedian line marked with angular black dots or short teeth outward on the veins and on the hind¬ wing with a larger black dot at abdominal margin; fringe with small dots at base opposite the veins. Fore- wing beneath correspondingly well marked. Madagascar: Ivohimanitra forest, Tanola. ohiiquisi- S. obliquisignata Bastelh. (8h). Rather smaller than latitans, the hindtarsus less than half as gnata. long as the tibia, but I think not quite so short as in luhricata. Markings obsolescent anteriorly (but the specimen is not quite fresh), the antemedian and median lines of forewing strongly oblique; terminal dots well developed in anterior half. Usambara. luhricata. S. lubricata Warr. (7 h) perhaps embraces several species which have not yet been satisfactorily worked out. Smaller than latitans, the ground-colour typically whiter, but best distinguished by the short hindtar¬ sus of the which is only about ^3 the length of the tibia. Described from Angola, but believed to be distributed as far as Sierra Leone and to Kenya Colony. Forms with similar structure but more brownish occur in South Africa and others with stronger postmedian vein-dots on the Comoro Islands, but I forbear to name them until the group is more thoroughly understood. pilanipen- S. plaiiipennis Warr. has also similar structure, but the cell-dots and terminal dots are minute, (the nis. former on the forewing not disceririble), the lines almost obsolete. Ground-colour of a dirty yellowish tinge. Lhiderside almost unmarked. The forewing may be slightly more rounded at the apex than in luhricata, but it is a pity that Warren named a species from so obscure a specimen without confirmatory material. Sierra Leone, 1 d'. comes. S. comes Prout (7 h). Hindtarsus of the as in the following, extremely short. Easily distinguished by the postmedian line of the forewing, which is oblicpre outward iir a succession of teeth — from costa to 1st radial; black cell-dots less concise, being accompanied (or on the forewing generally superseded) by some brownish scaling. Sao Thome. ■internataria. S. iiitemataria Walk. (7 h). Rather smaller than lubricata, more fleshy-tinged, hindtarsus of ^ less than 1/4 hindtibia. Widely distributed. Ivory Coast, Congo (loc. typ.), Angola, Llganda, S. Sudan, Kenya puuctistria- to Nyasa. punctistriata Mab. (= eucentra Prout) has the markings more sharply expressed, especially the cuspidata or minute teeth on the postmedian line. Madagascar. — ab (*?) cuspidata Mab. “Ochraceous grey, irrorated, the lines reddish,” etc. Locality not definitely given, probably Madagascar. 2 $$ in the OberthTr collection, one labelled Antongil, may well be strongly marked aberrations of punctistriata. GLOSSOTROPHIA; ZYGOPHYXIA. By L. B. Pbout. 75 S. mascula Bastelh. (8h) is possibly also an aberration of the preceding, of a more greyish tone, vmficula. but the median shade seems more bent at the 3rd radial. On the tyjie I noted hindtarsus 1/5.” Ibo, X. Mozambique. S. empera Prout (7 h). Hindtarsus of at least as short as in mascula. Very like punctislriata but cmprra. smaller, forewing (at least in the (^) appreciably straighter, lines weaker, often a good deal suffused, x)ost- median of forewing more excurved near costa, not or scarcely black-dotted on the veins. N. Madagascar. S. rufolutaria Mah. {= gaudialis Prout) (7 i). Hindtarsus of at least as short as in empera. Very nijolnlarkt. different in its cinnamon colouring, etc. Comoro Islands. S. aspiciens Prout (7 i). In its reddish colouring intermediate between punctistriata and rujohdaria. asplcicns. Forewing rather narrower; very distinct in the white scaling which borders the black cell-dot, at least distally. cJ hindtarsus short, bxit less extreme than in the internataria group (alxout 1/3). Madagascar. 23. Genus: Olosisotropliia Prout. To this Palaearctic genus, which differs from Scopula in its long tongue, 2-spxxrred $ hindtibia and irregular tibial armature of the (J, I have provisionally referred one African species of which the $ is un¬ fortunately unknown. See Vol. 4, p. 82. G. natalensis Prout. Mxich like a dark (i. e. densely irrorated) form of 8. nigrinotata (hi), forewing mdalnisis. rather narrower, lines well expressed, fairly broad, but not especially blackened at the costa, the postmedian with a very deep curve inward between the radials. Tongue long, yet less extreme than in true Glo.ssotrophia; hindtibia with 1 spur; hindwing slightly sinuate between the radials, 2nd subcostal very shortly stalked (in 8. nigrinotata separate). Natal, Mooi River, 1 24. Genus: Zyg^ophyxia Prout. General aspect of narrow-winged 8terrha, in most points of structure also agreeing with section A of that genus, the (J, as well as the $, having 2 spurs on the hindtibia. Distinguished chiefly by the non¬ stalking of the 2nd subcostal vein of the hindwing with the 1st radial. Tongue slender. Abdoixien generally elongate, but fairly robust, especially in the $. A small genus, its distribution restricted to dry and semi-desert coxintry, chiefly in East Africa and the plains of India. Z. palpata Prout (8 h). Face and palpus brown, the latter much more heavily scaled than in typical paJputa. Zygophyxia. Wings less extremely narrow than in relictata, white with moderately dense but unevenly distribnted brown-grey irroration, the median shade proximal to the cell-dot on both wings, the subterminal strong, band-like, parallel with ternien. Hindwing with a terminal excision between 2nd median and anal angle. Kenya Colony: Kibwezi, 1 Z. tornisecta Prout (7 i). Near palpata (8 h) with a similar excision in the hindwing, bnt with the tornisccta. palpus not quite so robust, the wings slightly broader, of a more brownish white and with the lines more brownish, the median shade more distally placed, the postmedian stronger, Ixoth the subterminal shades present, the proximal one not so strong as in palpata. British Somaliland. Z. transmeata Prout (8 h). Superficially still nearer to palpata, but with the hindwing not sinuate; transmeata. whitish, the postmedian band slightly more sinxious, more conspicuous than any other marking. Palpus scarcely as strong as in tornisecta. British Somaliland. Z. erlangeri Prout [1 i). In structure and coloration close to reb’efata, in markings nearer to tornisecta. crtangcri. Only the cell-dots and the band-like outer line are distinct, both above and beneath. Hindwing not noti¬ ceably paler than forewing; terminal marks pnnetiform (in relictata linear); underside of palpus and of wings paler than in relictoto.. unfortunately unknown ; a series of 10 $$ was collected by Baron C. von Erlanger on the Ganale River and district, the type from Djeroko, Merehan. Z. relictata Walk. (7 i). Recognizable by its brownish toire, with rather paler hindwing (especially relictata. in the $), extremely oblique central dark shade, dotted outer line, etc. Described from India but has proved to occur locally in Senegambia, Sudan, Kenya and Tanganyika Territory, Formosa and Queensland. Z. roseocincta Warr. (8 h) has a tinge of olive in the pale ground-colour and is very conspicuous roseocincta. in the bright rose-pink borders besides, on the forewing, a very obliqne, anteriorly forked, proximal band. Abdomen above tinged with the same colour. Described from Dar-es-Salaam, known also from Gambia, Nyasa and S. Mozambique. 76 STERRHA. By L. B. Prout. siowpUla. Z. stenoptila Prout is j^erha^DS a very drill-coloured form of the preceding, almost without reddish tinge, the cell-dots sharply black, the lines not entirely obsolete, thus somewhat intermediate towards relicfata. Transvaal. I have seen a dingy aberration of roseocincta from Senegal which in a measure links the two species together. 25. Genus; Sterrha Him. This genus, to which I formerly (sec Vol. 4, p. 141) assigned the younger name of PiycliO'poda, is at least as rich in sjiecies as Scojmla, with which the early entomologists united it, though there is really very little connection. Much less homogeneous than Scopula, especially in the (J structures, but I have not yet found a satisfactory method of sid)dividing it. Palpus short. Tongue present, hut sometimes weak. Antenna of cj ciliate or fasciculate. Hindtibia of cJ generally al)orted and sjourless, of $ with terminal spurs only. Forewing with simide areole, or occasionally (as in some Ayititrygodes) without anastomosis of the 1st subcostal. Hindwing with 2nd subcostal stalked, often very long-stalked; costal very occasionally {UUi- etc.) anastomosing strongly with cell, as in the Larentiinae. On the early stages, so far as known, see Vol. 4, p. 141. Africa, excepting Palaearctic N. Africa, is relatively poor in species, but probably very many still remain to be discovered; the name-typical section, with terminal spurs present on the ^ hind- tibia, is at present unrepresented here. aurifUia. S. auriflua IFarr. (7 i) is a pretty little species, with sinuous rosy bands on an ochre-yellow ground¬ colour. Head entirely rosy. with antennal joints projecting, ciliation fairly long, hindleg weak, with tarsus very short. Barotse; also known from S. Rhodesia. A much larger (J from Angola, with rather more ocno-onata. slender bands, perhaps represents a separate race. — oenozoiiata Warr., only known to me in the $, is pro¬ bably a tiny form of auriflua, rather duller-coloured and with tlie bands perhaps a little less sinuous. Dar- es-Salaam and Kilwa, E. Africa. latiduvia. S. laticlavia Prout. Near atiriflita (7 i) in structure, but larger (18 mm), longer-winged, the ground¬ colour somewhat paler, the markings more tinged with pur])le, more oblique, the postmedian of the forewing more slender, farther from the median, the markings of the hindwing very slender, excepting the subterminal band. Abdomen and costal edge of forewing with some blackish admixture. Southern Rhodesia. angusta. S. angusta Btlr. (8 h). Hindleg of rather short and slender, but with the tarsus relatively well deve¬ loped. Distinguishable from the neighbouring species by the didler purple markings, the subterminal band almost reaching distal margin, a cell-dot present on forewing. Nyasa (type) and N. E. Congo ( ? race). pcricatlcs. S. pericalles Prout (8 k). Still more elongate-winged than laticlavia, more suggestive of a Zygophyxia-, subterminal pink band less broad than in the two following, antemedian band of forewing lost in an extensive costal suffusion. Transvaal (ty])e), S. Rhodesia and Orange Free State. cxquisiia. S. exQUisita ITfljT. (7 i). Patagia and tegulae rosy, some rosy maculation on abdomen above. Ground¬ colour scarcely yellower than olive-buff; the rosy submarginal band and on the forewing the very obliquely bounded basal-costal patch are the only markings, both above and beneath. Described from Zomba (Nyasa- land) but known also from Angola. iuqiiisita. S. inquisita Prout (8h). Possildy a race of the preceding, yellower, the band more purple, more proximally ])laced, the basal patch shorter anteriorly. Face and palpus purple; vertex buff -yellow. Body buff -yellow, the abdomen above much clouded with didl pinqde. Legs predominantly yellow, anterior coxa and femur marked with purple. Forewing scarcely so extremely narrow as in exquisita and angusta-, beneath similar, the proximal patch rather weaker. French Guinea: Beyla, 1900 feet, type $. I have an identical, but damaged, $ from Fort Grampel, French Congo. hasicosialis. S. basicostalis Warr. (7 i) is a small species, somewhat recalling some forms of subsaturata Guen. (Vol. 4, p. 100) but with a dark streak along the costal margin of the forewing proximally and with the hindwing rather more rounded. G with antennal ciliation not long, hindtibia weak, somewhat hairy, tarsus about as pariicolor. long as tibia'. — ab. particolor Prout has the median area darkened with dense reddish-grey irroration. The species is distributed from the Transvaal to Pondoland. plcsioscotia. S. plesioscotia P)’o?d (8 k) is still smaller, narrow-winged; hindtibia of G slender, tarsus slightly longer than tibia. Base of costa of forewing blackish, rather than (as in basicostalis) brown; forewing beneath with extensive dark suffusion. The large cell-dots and absence of clouding between postmedian and subterminal lines distinguish it from scyuamulata and the antennal ciliation seems to be shorter. Costal edge more arched than in yiiacrostyla. Founded on a from Dunbrody, Cape Colony. macrostyla. S. macrostyla Warr. (7 i) is the smallest of the group and the only one yet known from East Africa. Antennal joints of the J slightly projecting, with the ciliation moderate. Hindleg slender, perhaps relatively STERRHA. By L. B. Proitt. 77 a little less long than in squanmlata, which may possibly, however, prove to be a race of the same species. Kenya Colony (loc. typ.) and Tanganyika Territory. S. squamulata Warr. is less small and somewhat more ochreous than macrostyla but otherwise very squoumhi- similar; presubterminal band of forewing more equally developed throughout, whereas in tmcrostyla it is gene- rally posterior only, or chiefly. Leg-structure as in plesioscotia. Natal. S. hispidata Warr., known only from the type $, is recognizable by its glossy whitegrey ground-colour, hiapidatn. coarse dark-grey irroration and especially by the unusually proximal position of the lines and the very sinuous subterminal, which between the raclials expands greatly on its proximal side. Lines rather thick, sinuous, the median — as in sinuilinea — very near the antemedian, the postmedian not far beyond the cell-dot. Underside glossy, almost without markings. Expands 18 mm. Libollo, Angola. S. sinuilinea Prout (8 i). Less glossy than hispidata, generally browner, with the markings more reddish sinuUinca. brown, at least in the type. Hindtibia of ^ rather long, with strong pencils, which partly conceal the short but not minute tarsus. Forewing with median line approximated to antemedian, nearly parallel with it. Hindwing moderately rounded. Transvaal (type), Portuguese East Africa, Orange Free State and Southern Rhodesia. S. subtorrida Prout (8 i). Near torrida but somewhat larger, antemedian line of forewing more aciitely suMorrlda. angled, subterminal shades rather strong, distal margin of hindwing less protuberant, under siirface well marked, showing large cell-dots and moderately strong postmedian line. British Somaliland, only the tjq)e $ known. S. torrida Warr. (8i), also known only from a single $, is smaller and less heavily irrorated than torrida. jumilinea, the forewing with more acute apex. Otherwise similar. Cunene, Angola. S. prionodonta Prord (8 i). Larger and relatively longer-winged than /ttmr7mea, paler and with scarcely priomdon- any black irroration. The principal lines more acutely angulated, the median more distally placed, faint, brownish, on the forewing arising from a black costal spot, very acutely angled oirtward at the 1st radial, then curving inward to the base of the medians; black dots on fringe intense. Underside very faintly marked, excepting a postmedian costal dot and the fringe-dots. Thies, Senegambia (type); Kete Kratje, W. Togoland, 1 $. S. fumilinea Wourr. (7 i). Antennal ciliation of long, in fascicles; hindtarsus of extremely short, fumilinm. tibia shorter and less tufted than in sinuilinea. Variable, especially in colour, often more reddish than in that species; further distinguishable therefrom by its still more sinuous and more distally placed median line and its more elongate hindwing (in the middle more strongly convex). Underside in both species glossy and almost iinmarked. Transvaal to the Cape, the type from Natal. — - f. confracta Prout (7 k) presents a super- confracta. ficially very different appearance on account of the pale groiind-colour and great reduction of the dark irroration. Described from Cape Colony, known also in Natal. S. tristega Prout (7 k). Variable is size (14 — 22 mm) as well as the warmth of the ground-colour, trlstcga. which, however, always shows a decided tinge of reddish or cinnamon-brown. The dark shading between the postmedian and subterminal lines recalls that of the Palaearctic trigeminata Haw., though each pair of “twin"’ spots is generally more confluent. Face black. antenna with the joints projecting, bearing rather long fascicles of cilia. hindleg less short than in jumilinea, the tibia heavily scaled above and with a hair-pencil from the femoro-tibial joint, the tarsus quite short (about y^^). Underside glossy, weakly marked. Madagascar: Diego Suarez. S. controversata Prout (8i). antennal cilia about as long as width of shaft, hindtibia rather controversa- short, with hair-pencil, tarsias about i/o tibia. Pale fleshy grey, costal margin of forewing reddish ochreoiis; further differs from the preceding group in its larger size and the extreme weakness of the submarginal shades. Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia. S. leucorrheuma Prout (8 i). Palpus minute. Tongue wanting (?). Antenna rather slender, joints scar- leucorrlmi- cely projecting, ciliation long (about 2). Hindleg slender, short, the tibia and tarsus together very little longer than the femur. Wing whitish, slightly glossy, mostly suffused with mouse-grey, in places with some coarse darker irroration; a narrow band remaining white betweeen median and postmedian lines, the rest of median area intermediate in whiteness; median line thick; srdAerminal line almost as sinuous as in jumilinea, but less thickened. Hindwing with termen strongly convex, the sinuosities rather more pronounced than on forewing; stalking of 2nd subcostal short. Underside similarly but still more sharply marked. Cape Colony: Oude- bosch, 1 in coll. Soiith African Museum. S. nasifera Prout (8i) founded on a/)$ from Warmberg, Transvaal, is another long-winged species, nasifcra. a good deal smaller than controversata, without the ochreous costal margin and best recognized by the 78 STERRHA. By L. B. PRorT. sharp projection of the postinedian line on the 1st radial. Underside without distinct markings, except the rather large cell -dots. lq)ora. S. Hpara Front (8 1). Affinities uncertain. Rather broad and round-winged, the markings slightly reminiscent of eugeniita Mill. (Vol. 4, p. 121); less reddish, the dark irroration red-brown, but very fine and sparse; forewing beneath nearly as above, paler at hindmargin; hindwing beneath more whitish, with cell- dot slightly elongate, postmedian dots feeble. Durban, founded on the $. tran.scatc- S. tratiscatenulata Fothsch. (7 k). Narrower winged and brighter buff than crassisquama (less dark-irro- indata. .(-pg Pngs similarly aj^proximated, but rarely connected by band-like shading, the markings of the distal area weak. Hindleg of the cj rather weak, but with the tarsus not much shortened. Rharis district. crasslsqiia- S. crassisquama Warr. (81), only known from the type $, is more glossy and with the proximal ma. markings more recalling affmitata B.-Haas from Syria; postmedian line and subterminal shade rather strong, formed of dark irroration. Nakheila, River Atbara, Egyptian Sudan. microptera . S. niicroptera Warr. (81), briefly described in Vol. 4, p. 417, is at least as narrow-winged as transca- tenulata, paler and much smaller, the markings more obliqixe. Taken with crassisquama and since recorded from Kordofan. granulosa. S. granulosa Warr. (8 i). Probably not, as I formerly supposed, a form of microptera, as the cell is not cpxite so long, the cell-dots wanting and the ixrincipal line more distally placed. Nakheila (type) and in Egypt. minimaria. S. minimaria Warr. In size and shape near granulosa, rather greyer, the 3 lines of the forevTng sinuous, of more ecpial strength, the postinedian accompanied distally by an ill-defined dark shade or (espe¬ cially on the hindwing) ending in a dark spot which reaches the anal angle. Underside rather well marked. Hindleg of short and slender, the tarsus cpiite short and weak. Mombasa. hura. S. bura Front. 16 mm. Antennal ciliation as long as diameter of shaft. Hindtarsus about % tibia. Wings rather narrow, whitish, suffused with light sandy brown; cell-dots black; markings cloudy, not very shaiqily defined ; an oblique proximal band, on fore wing obsolete anteriorly, a weaker, narrower, more macular subterminal band; postmedian line obsolete above, except as a costal dot, present (but weak) beneath. Kenya Colony: Bura, 1 i^. limbolata. S. limbolata 31ah. “14 mm. Wings bone colour, with 2 brown-reddish lines in the proximal part, the inner scarcely sinuate, the outer crenate; cell-dot minute, the outer line almost touching it distally; a broad brownish-rosy band borders the wings, divided by a pale strijxe, broader at the apex than posteriorh’ and on the hindwing; fringe whitish, with a minute black dot at each vein -end. Underside whitish, slightly tinged with rose-colour.” Madagascar ( ?). A worn $ in the Tring Museum, apparently close to marcidaria Walk. (Ceylon) seems to agree well with this description, Avhich, however, may possibly refer to a $ form of rujimixta Warr.-, rufvmixta $ differs from marcidaria in the narrower wings, straigher postinedian line, the dots at base of fringe oftener olisolete, etc. hcres. S. hercs Front (7 k). Near associata, but with the antennal joints projecting almost as in eclw, ciliation even, about as long as diameter of shaft. Cell-dots wanting or very faint, the shade just outside the postinedian also obsolescent or very narroAV, even the characteristic darkening at the abdominal margin of the hindwing generally scarcely noticeable; a fine, almost straight median line, on the contrary, generally well developed on the forewing. Underside similar to iqiper, the cell-dots sometimes better expressed. $ rather larger than (J- Wankie, S. Rhodesia. Also known from Kilwa, E. Africa (1 $). associata. S. associata Warr. (7 k). Structure nearly as in ^ninimaria, hindtibia somewhat more thickened at distal end. Less narrow -winged, more glossy, more stramineous; characterized by the sharply black ante- and postinedian costal dots of the forewing. In the t;\q)e form the dark postinedian shade is weak, except exilinota. at hindmargin. — ab. exilinota Warr. has more complete postinedian shading. Both forms are best known subscidula- from Natal, but reach the Transvaal and the southern part of Portuguese East Africa. — subscutulata ITo?'?-. is a slightly narrower-winged race from Uganda and the Upper Congo. echo. S. echo Front (7 k) at first sight resembles a slightly broader-winged, weakly marked associata, but the antennal joints have strong angular projections; postinedian line and its costal dot farther from termen, dark shade at hind angle of forewing not developed, forewing beneath more suffused. Areole, so far as I have observed, Avanting (in associata and heres developed). TransAmal. jortificata. S. fortificata Front is larger and with sharper lines than associata, the ground-colour more broAvnish- ochreous, the lines purple-fuscous, thickened at costa, but AAlthout the separable black dots of associata, the principal dark shading outside the postinedian of the forcAAlng placed betAA^een the 3rd radial and 2nd median. Transvaal. STERRHA. By L. B. Pkout. 79 S. poecilocrossa Prout (7 k). Easily known by its thick, sinuons postmedian line (placed unusually poecilo- close to the margin), its delicate violet-grey suhterminal shading, warm brown costal edge and fringe, etc. Cell of forewing very long. Hindtibia of with long, slender pencil, tarsus very short. Madagascar, common at Diego Suarez. S. submaculata Warr. (7 k). Rather broad-winged, with the abdominal margin of the hindwing rela- sKhmucu- tively longer than in most Sterrha. The subterminal markings of the forewing are characteristic, ])laced somewhat as in fortificata, from which it differs in the weaker, straighter, more proximally placed lines as well as the wing-shape. Described from S. Nigeria and distributed as far as French Guinea without variation. S. circumsticta Warr. (7 k). In shape near suhmactdata but less ])ale, much more distinctly marked clrcum- above and especially beneath, where the cell-dots are further enlarged and the median shade strengthened. Further differs in that the seibterminal shading of the forewing is weak, between the 3rd radial and the 2nd median not expanded. Fringe with sharp black basal dots. Founded on 2 9$ from Caconda, Angola. S. ascepta Front (7 k). A small and inconspicuous species, recalling the Indian actiosaria Walk, ascepta. though slightly narrower-winged and sometimes more tinged with reddish. Hindleg of (J short, without the strong hair-tufts of actiosaria. From ScojMla minorata it is of course distinguishable by the venation and leg-structure. Cape of Good Hope (type locality) and Orange Free State. S. carneilinea Prout (7 1), founded on a $ from Cape Town, differs from ascepta in the flesh -pink carneilinea. lines and other details. S. laciniata Warr. Very similar to nitescens (71). Paler, the cell-dots smaller, median and suhterminal laciniata. shades very weak. Shape and structure about the same. Kikuyu Escarpment, 1 S. nitescens Warr. (7 1) will very inobably prove to be a more irrorated and more sharply marked nitescens. form of the p»receding, which has page-priority. Antennal joints of ^ slightly projecting, ciliation moderate, hindleg very short and weak. Described from the Kikuyu Escarpment. A short series from Nairobi shows it to be moderately variable. S. consericeata Prout (8 k). I formerly siipposed that this might be a race of nitescens, which it conseri- recalls in its tone and strong gloss, but the structure brings it closer to ascepta and it may prove to be a pale ceata. and very glossy form of that species. Transvaal (type) and Orange Free State. S. parallelaria Warr. Rather smaller than nitescens (7 1), the distal margin slightly more oblique, parallela- the lines almost parallel with it, the ground-colour more brownish. Cell-dots miniite, placed on the median shade; terminal dashes almost obsolete. Hindleg of ^ slender, the tarsus long. Kikuyu Escarpment. — paraplesia Prout, from the Transvaal, may be a rather larger, paler form of the same species, as the lines paraplesia. follow a similar course; but I am not able to study the d' structure. Similar forms occiir in Rhodesia and Nyasaland and will require study. S. lalasaria Swinh. (8 k). Antennal joints of d' slightly projecting, ciliation a little longer than lalasaria. diameter of shaft; d' hindtarsus much shorter than tibia (perhaps K). Costal margin of forewing curved in distal half, median shade well beyond cell-spot, postmedian line distinct, proximal sidAerminal moderately so; fringes with a dark line and dark basal spots. Machakos, Kenya Colony. S. insularum Prout (= rufulata Warr., nom praeocc.) (7 1). Somewhat like the most warmly coloined insulantm. ascepta, on an average smaller and showing a slight tendency to develop the subterminal shaqr.) and Cape Colony. - - ab. punctigera Prout from Pretoria is very distinct in the presence of large black cell-dots. Possibly a separate species. - - f. omoscotia Prout, from Pretoria North, is another rather puzzling form or very close ally, the hindwing apparently a ti’ifle broader, cell-dots present but minute, costal margin not reddened, but with a mixture of lustrous leaden-grey and fuscous scales at base; lines well expressed on underside. — f. ambiscripta Prout, taken together with the preceding, has strongly expressed lines above as well as beneath. S. trissosemia Prout. 15 mm. Venation as in umbricosta, shape more normal. Whitish grey, clouded almost throughout with chocolate; cell-dots strong, especially on hindwing; forewing in addition with 2 black costal spots, from which arise the weak ante- and postmedian lines; median line reddish, fine and sinuous; fringe long, proximally reddish with distinct black dots. Umbilo, 1 $ in coll. Janse. S. aperta Prout (8 k). Venation as in the two preceding. Tongue slight. Antennal ciliation of ^ scarcely longer than diameter of shaft. The markings are shown by our figure; the coarse dark irroration is mainly longitudinal in direction. British Somaliland, 1 S. fylloidaria Swinh. (7 1). Venation normal; tongue short and weak. The wing-shape, coloration, form of the post-median and strongly marked underside are characteristic; x'ostmedian strongly oblique from hindmargin to 1st radial, then very acutely angled and running very oblicxuely inward, here very weak, but marked on the forewing by a dark costal spot. Kenya Colony. S. buchanani Profit. Smaller (14 mm), ajiex of forewing and distal margins somewhat more rounded. Paler grey-brown, not reddish; j^ostmedian line much weaker, about ^mrallel with termen, thus more ju-oxim- ally jdaced at the angle on 1st radial, which is less extremely acute; subterminal band stronger, aj^xiroxim- ately parallel with termen; hindwing less contrasted in colour x^roximally and distally of the postmedian line. Makochia, Damagarim, the ty])e. Two rather larger and less narrow-winged $$ from Stklhiou (Sene- Puhl. 26.1X.193S. EPICLETA; LYCAUCJIDIA; PSEUDOSTERRHA. By L. B. Prokt. SI gal), with the suhterminal band ap[)arent]y rather more sinuous, pei'haps represent still another species in this group. S. malescripta Warr. Forewing of the $ shaped and coloured about as in jylloidaria (7 1) but much lunlcucrliiln. more weakly marked, without the highly oblique postmedian line; hindwing better rounded than in fyUoi- daria, less narrow than in Imchanani, also weakly marked, excepting the dark s])ot at the hinder end of the subterminal band, the ground-colour little whiter proximally than distally. - nigrosticta IParr. (7 1), h'kj rod tela. which is almost certainly the ^ of malescripta , has the forewing less long and pointed, the tone scarcely so reddish, the cell-dots and dots at base of fringe strong, generally also a rather broad and cons])icuous ])ale subterminal line. Both types were from Natal. — benescripta Prout, founded on a from Rikalla, Portu- heitcscr'ijiln. guese East Africa, is perhaps a mere aberration, perhaps a separate sjiecies; rather ])aler than nigrosticta, lines of up])erside more strongly developed, not thickened at costa of forewing, median line of both wings finer, cell-dots obsolete, proximal subtermiral shade broader, rather more distally ])laced. S. subterfundata Prout (7 1) is larger and paler than malescripta, with the postmedian line better mihtcrjnn- developed (less oblique than in jylloidaria), the blotch at the anal angle of the hindwing beneath less deve- dota. loped, etc. Southern Rhodesia; PTmvuma. S. lycaugidia Prout (7 m). 14 — 18 mm. In shape and general aspect, as well as in having the costal lycaiujidin. vein of the hindwing anastomasing with the proximal half (or more) of the cell, evidently related to lilli- pmtaria; antennal joints projecting, with paired fascicles of cilia, hindtarsus long. On an average larger than the two following, more Z ygo ph y xia-Vike , the postmedian line of the forewing very oblique, hindwing only with cell-dot and a weak line beyond. Madagascar: Diego Suarez. S. sympractor Prout (7 1), from the same source, ex])ands 13 -15 mm and is still nearer to lilUputaria sympractor. in shape and markings, but somewhat browner, with stronger grey irroration or suffusions, the lines com¬ mencing from black costal s])ots. ^ ciliation I'ather short, hindtarsus about til)ia. Venation as in lilli- putaria. S. lilliputaria Warr. (7 m). Hindtibia of rough, tarsus very short, antennal ciliation decidedly rdlijiuhtria. short. Cell-dots obsolescent, lines nearly jrarallel with distal margin, variable in breadth. Angola (type), Nyasa, Tanganyika Territory and Transvaal. 26. Genus: Prout. A develo]unent of Sterrha, or possibly Cleta, with the 1st srdicostal of the forewing free and only two others present, the 2nd being presumably coincident with the 3rd, the 4th with the 5th. Tongue slight. Antennal ciliation of long. Hindleg of aborted, without spurs. Hindwing with 2nd subcostal long-stalked. Only one s])ecies known. E. calidaria Prout (8 I). Curiously like S. jatvmata Stgr. or — in its warmer colouring — a tiny calidaria. sharply-lined exilaria Ouen. (see Vol. 4, ])1. 4 c), the 2nd and 3rd lines of the forewing almost straight, arising from blacker dots on costa, the subterminal band not shar'i)ly defined, its distal boundary sinuous. TTanskei, Cape Colony, only 3 known to me, all (J. 27. Genus: Ilmp.sn. Palpus minute. Tongue short and slender. Antenna of pectinate, with long branches. Hindleg not aborted, the tibia of the with 1 s])ur (constant ?), in the $ with 2. Wings long and narrow; fore¬ wing with doulde areole, 1st discocellular well developed; hindwing with costal anastomosing to beyond middle of cell, 2nd subcostal shoidly stalked. Only one species, which is local (the ^ extraordinarily scarce) in India and E. Africa. L. albatus Swinh. (7 m). An inconspicuous but easily recognized species, apparently not variable. The alhahis longer cells, different siibcostal venation of foreving and especially the structure of the head distinguish it from the narrowest-winged African Eu pithecia , although it was formerly su])])osed to belong to the same sidi- family; cells not quite so long as in Zygophyxia, venation of hindwing qiute different. Known from some localities in Kenya Colony and the Transvaal. 28. Genus: Pseinlosterrlia Warr. This little-studied genus, like the preceding and following, shoidd almost certainly be ti’ansferred to the Sterrhinae, notwithstanding that the costal vein of the hindwing anastomoses strongly with the cell (about as in Rlwdometra). Except in this character, it suggests the possibility of a quite near relation- XVI 1 1 82 RHODOMETRA. By L. B. Prout. ship with Traminda, but in the absence of clear evidence we leave it next to Rliodometra, from which it differs chiefly in the flat face, narrow wings and long cells (see Vol. 4, p. 153). There is only one species, though this has been provisionally separated into 2 races. philaearia. Ps. panllula Swinh., from the plains of India, will be described in Vol. 12. — philaearia Brabant (= gayneri N. C. Rothsch.) (7 m), described from Egypt, but distribiited through the Sudan to Senegambia and to Kenya Colony and Kilimandjaro, is variable, perhaps not racially differentiable; $$ often more weakly mai’ked, but still not so weakly as in the (^(J. 29. Geims: Itlioclometra Meijr. A somewhat isolated genus, obviously of African origin, although the genotype is a migrant with a very wide range and a similar species {anto pliUar ki Hhn.) inhabits the Mediterranean countries (see Vol. 4, p. 154); much more unaccountably, two or three species are found in South America, chiefly in Ecuador and Peru. On account of the anastomosis of the costal vein of the hindwing with the cell, at least as far as the middle, the more rigid analysts have ])laced it in the Larentiinae, but the genitalia and some ]>oints in the forewing venation show it to belong to the Sterrhinae. Pierce (“Genit. Geom.”) associates it with the Cosynibia group, but the “socii”, shape of saccus and formation of the valvae seem irreconcilable therewith. Face ]irotuberant, tongue strong, antenna strongly pectinate, forewing with areole large, simple, 1st discocellular present, hindwing with 2rd subcostal not or only very slightly stalked. Pattern generally cpiite simple, the hindwing ])lain white, or dark-grey with ill-defined whitish band. sacrarki. R. sacraria L. (7 m). Very variable, though most of the extreme aberrations are cpiite rare (see Vol. 4, p. 154). The name-type is the most usual (J form, the forewing yellow, with the oblicpie stripe labda. com])lete, rosy. - ab. labda Gram. (7 m) is noteworthy as being the usual $ form, the forewdng less bright, more straw-colour, with the line browmish, generally not c[uite I'eaching the hindmargin. Similarly coloured specimens, however, occur occasionally in the (^. The early stages and habits of sacraria are briefly noticed in Vol. 4. Linne’s type was from North Africa, but the range covers the whole of the continent, besides much of Europe, western Asia, the Canary Islands and St. Helena. lucidaria. R. lucidaria Swinh. (7 m) may perhajis be a form of phctaria without the red terminal line, the fringe, on the other hand, tinged with rose-colour. Perhaps the largest Rhodometra. Abyssinia, Kenya (loc. typ.), Tanganyika and Nyasaland. picctarki. R. plectaria Cue??. ( 8 c). “Larger than .socrarfa (34 mm). Forewing cpiite triangular, with the margins very straight. The oblicpie line is always mixed with black; the costa is tinted wdth rosa throughout, and there are further 3 or 4 unequal marks on the disc, of a dark rose-colour, ])lacecl in oblicpie series be¬ tween the veins. Fringe preceded by a rosy line. Hecul and palpus also tinged with rose.” Abyssinia. ntervenata. R. illtervenata Warr. (7 m). vSmaller than lucidaria, with increased longitudinal markings, longer and less oblicpie streak from apex, red terminal line and clean yellow fringe. Pos.sibly a local race of plectaria. Only known from the highlands of Kenya Colony. paiiici- R. participata Wall-. (8 1). A small species, with white cell-spot, very similar on the forewing to pata. antophilaria Hb. ab. subrosearia, but with the line more oblique and more slender, rather strongly dark-edged peculkiia. proximally, and with the white hindwing almost unmarked. — ab. peculiata Walk, is a more uniformly reddish aberration, the pale line weak, its proximal edging narrow and grey. Natal. Typical participata was described fi'om Namaqualand Init is best known in Cape Colony. audcondi. R. audeoudi Front (8 c). Rather larger, more variegated but without the conspicuous white cell-spot, the tints on the whole duller, the dark oblique streak vertiially replacing the whitish one; hindwing greyish. Delagoa Bay district. sutura. R. satura Pront (8 c) differs from all the other African species by its dark hindwing; from rosearia Tr. (Vol. 4, pi. 7 f) by its broader red costal border, more oblic{ue red stripe (broadening the yellow band beyond it posteriorly) and obsolescence of the ])ale band of the hindwing. Antennal pectinations of the a little less long. Delagoa Bay (type), Transvaal and Durban. E0I8. By L. 1>. Pkottt. s:} 4. Subfamily: Larentiinae. Of this subfamily, as of the preceding, a faiily comprehensive account has l)een given in connection with the Palaearctic fauna (see Vol. 4, p. 152). It was formerly considered to be very ])oorly represented in the African Region, but the exploration of the higher mountains has yielded many interesting additions; for instance, the “Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale,” of which the Geontetridae have been recently worked out (Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr. Vol. 39, fasc. 5), has shown just over one-third of the represented species to belong to the Liirentiina^ and almost one-third of the forms in this subfamily to be new. The late Mr. T. A. Barns also made many valuable discoveries and every visit to the higher alti¬ tudes of Kilimandjaro, Kenya and Ruwenzori will surely reveal others. At the same time, our definition of the subfamily as consisting of “s mall or moderate-sized moths” is probably even more exactly apy)lic- able to Africa than to any other region; there is nothing here to a])proach the Triphosa of the Himalayas in size or the Callipia of South America in combined size and gaiety of colouring. In brief, the subfamily is best distinguished by its venation: forewing with 12 veins, almost in¬ variably with one or two areoles, 1st discocellular very short or wanting, 2nd radial ])retty normally ]daced ; hindwing with cell more or less shortened, costal vein anastomosing strongly with it or (in some of the Lobophom group) connected by a bar nea end of cell. Rarttern, at least of forewing, generally consisting of a large number of lines, commonly more or less grou])ed into bands. Tongue, hindtibial spurs and fremdum nearly always normally developed. genitalia with gnathos vestigial or wanting, anellus lobes and juxta generally with special developments. 1. Genus: lilois Hb. A large genus, of somewhat doid)tful position, but having evident affinities with the Slerrhinae, to which it may eventually need to be transferred. But for these affinities, its high degree of specialisation wnuld have involved our placing it at the end, with the Hydrelia group. Face smooth. Palpus short. Tongue developed. Legs simple. Both wings with cell short; forewing with areole generally small, occasionally wanting, all the subcostals stalked, the 5th separating before the 1st, 1st discocellular well developed; hindwdng with costal anastomosing strongly, 2nd subcostal stalked, 1st median stalked. The genitalia have been little investigated but suggest — like the forewing — a possible relationship to Anisodes. Ohiefly South American; a sprinkling of species in the Indo -Australian and African regions. A. Antenna in 1) o t h sexes simple. E. oressigenes Front (9 a). Areole fairly large, hindwing exce])tional in having the 1st median not oresshjoies stalked. Easily known also by its yellow wdngs, with rust-red reticulation. Kivu: Nirogongo Volcano, 2800 m. E. anisorrhopa sp. n. (9 a). Expanse 17 — 20 mm. White, with black cell-dots and terminal dashes anisor- and a characteristic pattern of irregidar lines, alternately thick (and brown) and very slender or ])unctiform rhopa (more fuscous), the median of the forewing extremely bent round the cell-dot. Underside more weakly marked. Diego Suarez (G. Mklolt), 6 d'd', 4 $$ in the Tring Museum. E. innocens Warr. (9a). Less small, hindwing more angled; more suffused, wdth the median area innoccns. of the forewing darkened into a band ; terminal dashes small and w'eak. Areole wanting. Kikuyu Escarpment. E. alticola Avriv. (lOa). Rather variable in size and in the ground-colour, which may be either altkola. red-brown, as in the type, or dusk}^ drab, as in the specimen here figured. Areole w'anting. Retinacidum weak. Antenna of ^ lamellate, v/ith very short ciliation; otherwise very suggestive, both in shape and mark¬ ings, of some South American species of the section Gainbogia Guen., in which the A L strongly jiectinate. Fernando Po, at 3000 feet and upwnrd. B. A n t e n n a in both sexes 1) i ]) e c t i n a t e with strong 1) r a n c h. e s ( P s e u - d a s t h e n a Moor e). E. grataria Walk. (= pallicinctaria Walk.) (9 a). Extremely variable in coloration — dull purple, grafaria. rosy or even somewhat ochreous, only with slight purplish suffusions in the median area — , but generally recognizable by its shape, its nearly clear yellow fringes and, at least on the forewing, yellow' outer spots between the radials. Areole generally wanting. Several aberrations have been named from the Indo-Austra- lian Region, where it has an enormoiis distribution, and these will be described in Vol. 12. — ab. medio- mediofusca. fusca Profit, described from Pondoland, is a rare form with a complete dark median band. Known African localities for grataria are Nigeria to Angola, Uganda, Kenya Colony and Natal ; WAiiKER’s type was from Ceylon. 84 XANTHORHOE. By L. B. Prout. suarczcnsis. E. suafezensis Prout (9 a) is perhaps a race of the preceding, but is superficially similar to the Indian lunulosa Moore, though a little smaller, the forewing relatively rather shorter, termen more bent in the middle, tone generally somewhat more reddish, the red lines thicker, more evenly spaced. N. Ma¬ dagascar. punniycs. E. pytaugcs Prouf (9 a). Forewing with termen rather more oblique than in grataria, not appre¬ ciably bent at 3rd radial, hindwing rather less shaiq^ly angled than in grataria-, clear yellow, with bright red markings, ])roducing in ]iarts a salmon-orange coloiiring; fringes sjmtted. Sao Thome. (Uapsis. E, diapsis Prout (9a). Also close to grataria, forewing with the black cell-dot enlarged into a spot; yellow borders nmch broader; hindwing more sharply angled than in grataria. Keyna Colony and Uganda. 2. Genus: Xaiitliorhoe Hbn. Face with ])rojecting scales or tiift below. Palpus moderate or rather strong, rough-scaled. Antenna of d' ])ectinate or at least dentate or with fascicles of cilia. Leg-structure normal. Wings normally shaped; forewing with areole doidrle; hindwing with discocelhdars oblique, 2nd radial generally arising before middle, markings generally w'eaker than on forewing, but very rarely with strong colour contrast. An extensive genus and reaching localities so remote as Iceland, Chili, New' Zealand, Hawaii, etc. The African s])ecies are relatively fewx lafisshiia. X. latissima Prout (lUa). Recognizable by the unusually broad wings and the shaqie of the very broad, very dark central band of the forewing. Antennal pectinations scarcely over twice as long as dia¬ meter of shaft. Only known from a collected by T. A. Barns in Central Africa, the exact locality un¬ fortunately not know'n. prooie. X. proctie Fawcett (9 a). Very varial)le in coloration, the — as in many Xanthorhoe — with the central band of the forewing less luoad and more shar])ly differentiated than the $$, the ])roximal and distal areas having less dark admixture. Generally rlistinct from poseata in the lack of any green scaling. The $$ might sometimes be confused with those of exorista, but have a paler hindwing; generally also more red¬ dish admixture in the central band. Kenya Colony (loc. typ.) and Tanganyika Territory and reaching the adjacent ])arts of Uganda and Belgian Congo. poseaia. X. poseata Hhu. (— viridicinctata Guen., ])enetrata Wall'., umbriferata Wall’., vividata Wall'., rudi- saria Wall'.) (9 b). As variable as procne, generally with the pale areas of the foiewing green-mixed, the colcrata. median band more fuscous. — ab. colorata Walk, has the ground-colour more reddish or flesh-coloured, the median band mixed with olive-green. Commonest in Cape Cblony, but extending to Natal. Antennal jiecti- nations of very slender, rather heavily ciliated. ccnchaia. X. coiicliata Warr. (9 b). Intermediate in shape and facies towards Ortlwlitha, to wliich perhaps it would better be transferred. Face-cone long. Antennal pectinations w'ell se])arated, continuing only to about 24 joints. Kenya Colony and the adjacent parts of Uganda. hdiopharia. X. hcHopharia Swinh. (9 b). Similar to large •melissaria, forewing with distal area rather more strongly marked, hindwing with anterior part glossy whitish. Range as that of the preceding. phyxelia. X. phyxclia cSp. 71. ( 9 b). Expanse 26 -30 mm. 'Represents hello phari a and melissaria on Madagascar, as is shown by the (J antenna and the general habitus. Hind wing darker. ForewIng with antemedian shightly more curved, “twin s]iots” of subterminal at least as well developed as in heliopliaria-, the more sinuous (and sometimes a little dentate) ]70.stmedian, the relatively broad brownish stripe between basal and me¬ dian bands and sometimes the reddish tone of median band begin to recall some forms of procne. The type series in Mus. Tring from Station Perinet, 149 km E. of Tananailvo, 20. Octolier-— 10. November 1930 (Madame N. d'OLSouFiEFF). melissaria. X. iTielissaria Guen. (9 1)). The almost straight distal edge of the central liand gives this species a rather charateristic appearance: the hindwing distinguishes it from heliopharia, the rather strongly pect¬ inate ($ antenna from ansorgei and euthytoma. Rhodesia to Clape Colony, I think also from N. E. Belgian Congo and perhaps Uganda. Guenee’s type is labelled “Namaqua”, wliich he calls “Central Africa”. lathjrisca. X. latigrisca Warr., from Zomba, Nyasaland, may be merely a $-form of the preceding, with me¬ dian and terminal l)ands darker, but awaits confimatory material from the same locality. It was described as an Epirrhoe, the name I)y wliich Warren designated Euphyia. borhoiii- X. borbonicata Guen. (9 b) somewhat more recalls, as its author says, the Lampropteryx suffumata cata. Europe, but is jirobably a true Xanthorhoe, though I only know the $. Reunion. XANTHORHOE. By L B. Frout. H5 X. eugraphata Joan. (9 b) is unknown to me and will possibly ])rove a race or synonym (jf horhonka- caijru[iliala. ta, but the type is somewhat larger and more brightly coloured than the specimens of horhonkafa before rnc and — what is probably more significant — with the postmedian line of the forewing less sinuous, more as in transcissa except that it lacks the inward tooth at the 5th subcostal. Mauritius. X. transcissa Warr. (9 b). antenna, as in the well-known fluctuafa Linn., with 2 pairs of slendei- pectinations to each joint; the basal moderately long, the distal rudimentary. Named from the mediair banrl of the ’forewing, which in the (J is bisected, in the $ extremely constricted in the middle, d' retinaculum en¬ larged. Kenya Colony. X. scarificata Proui. Much like transcissa (9 b) forewing with antemedian line bluntly bent or .‘icarifimta. curved instead of acutely angled at fold, postmedian rather more dentate but less sinuous, subterminal white mark of cellule 3 twice as broad; hindwing with postmedian line appreciably crenulate. Mt. Kenya at 2490 m, 2 collected with a pair of fm/iscfssa, of which it may conceivably be an extremely dissimilar form, though the wing-shape seems slightly different. X. transjugata Prout (9 c). Rectinacuhim as in transcissa, pectinations closely similar, though I think transjufja- the primary ones are very slightly less long. Smaller than transcissa , especially in the cJ, median l)and dif- ferently shaped, its posterior half often dissolved into waved lines, proximal and distal areas more weakly marked, the sharp white subterminal tooth replaced by a much less conspicuous lunule or dot. Kenya Colony, common in the Kikiiyu Escarpment. — brachytoma subsp. n. has the postmedian line of the forewing rather hrarhyto- straighter, the indentation at the 5th subcostal being minute and the central projection suppressed, the lines of the hindwing only developed from abdominal margin to median and its 2nd branch, the anterior part (ex¬ cept for the smoky base and distinct cell-dot) remaining clear, the underside with stronger reddish shades in distal area of both wings, the dark maculation thereon weaker. Kivu; Kisiba, Bugoie Forest, 8500 feet, November 1921, 1 d' (T. A. Barns). X. ansorgei Warr. (9c). Near the preceding group, the retinaculum similarly enlarged; c? antenna ansorgci. with both pairs of processes short, about equal, terminating in fascicles of cilia. Forewing with boundary of subbasal area angled at cell-fold (in transjugata at subcostal), boundaries of median area on an average straighter. Somewhat variable in depth of colouring and strength of subterminal markings. Uganda (loc. typ.) and N. W. Kivu, apparently also on Fernando Po. — f- ( ? sp. div.) rubens nov. is so distinct in aspect that I at first rubens. took it to be a distinct species; more probably, however, a Mendelian form (cf. A", ferrugata CL). Prevailing tone brownish and reddish, as against the grey and blackish of typical ansorgei, irroration of hindwing and imderside rather light pinkish cinnamon than black-grey (especially in the roperly to the Palaearctic clavaria Haw. (see Vol. 4, p. 157), but has been applied also to the African species which agree with Ortliolitlia except that the discocellulars of the hindwing are biangulate. As these are not sharply differentia,ted from a few with somewhat less elongate hindwing (for- inerly referred to Colostygia libn. but showing no manifest connection with the type of that genus, turbata Hbn.), Larenfia is here provisionally extended so as to include these latter. Antenna of the ^ pectinate. As thus extended, the genus has a very wide distril)iition, including a few Neotropical and Australian species and prevalent in New Zealand. L. arenaria Warr. (9f). Only known from the $ type, which is in poor condition; distinct from nicti- iaria in its sandy tone, the outward tooth in the middle of the postmedian and the whitish hindwing. Kikuyu Escar])ment. L. sublesta Prout. Expanse 29 mm. Pectinations rather long. Forewing sha])ed nearly as in nictitaria (9 g), slightly more sajidy brown, but less so than in arenaria (9 f); median area scarcely darkened, containing a small black cell-dot; jwstmedian line weak, much more sinuous than in the species named, the bisected band beyond ])ale, biit not quite white. Hindwing with termen waved, with an ap]n-eciable concavity at cellule 5; impure white; rather glossy, slightly tinged with lu'own distally; beneath much more irrorated with light brown (almost concolorous with forewing) and with a blackish cell-dot and indistinct, sinuous brown postmedian line. Mt. Kinangop, Al)erdare Range, 3100 m, only the type (J known. L. nictitaria H.-ScJi. (9g). Glossy, indistinctly marked excepting the postmedian and the whitish line or ill-defined band l>eyond it, but not lial)le to be confused with any other species. Hindwing l)eneath less pale, Avith a more definite subterminal shade. The type form, from the Cape, but extending to Nyasa and Gaza- land, is broumish. — cineraria Auriv., from Kilimandjaro, is larger, longei’-winged and greyer, with the hind- AA'ing above still more weakly marked. L. monosticta Butl. (= nigroeellata Warr.) (9g). More strongly glossy, more weakly marked, with a characteiistic black cell-mark on forewing; hindAving beneath someAA'hat streaked longitudinally, a little recalling Osteodes. C-ommon in the mountains of Kenya Colony and extending to Abyssinia, Uganda and Kilimandjaro. L. atrosigillata Walk. (9g). Eorewing broAvner, with cell-spot larger, lines AA'ell expressed. HindAAung beneath not longitudinally shaded. Namaqualand (type) to Natal and the Cape. L. megalaria Guen. (— atroclarata Walk.) (9g). Rather variable, but ahAnys distinguishable from atrosigillata by the more sinuous ])ostmedian line, Avhich, moreover, is little further from the antemedian at costa than at hindmargin. On the Avhole more strongly marked, the subordinate lines better developed. “Caf- fraria” (Cuenee). Widely distributed from Uganda and Kenya to Angola and the C-ape. L. dulcis Butl. (9g), from Madagascar, is smaller, the markings of the foreAAung more band-like, the hindwing more ochreous. L. diplocampa Prout (9g) is broader-AA'inged, the forewing Avith pattern of close lines and scarcely looks like a Ixirentia. Underside AAnakly marked, the forewing AA’ith a slight sulderminal shade, best developed anteriorly. unknoAvn. Cape ('olony. L. bitrita Feld. (10 a). Conspicuously distinct in the strongly differentiated bands (subbasal and me¬ dian) of the foreAA'ing. (J ])ectinations very short. Ca])e Colony (loc. typ.). Natal and TransAuial, but neA^er common. L. alluaudi Prout. Expanse 38 mm. Antennal ]Aectinations long, rather slender, Avnll separated. Fore- Aving rather glossy, broAvn ; basal ])atch rather small, its edge curved; median band rather bi’oad, bounded by Avhitish lines and traversed by 3 irregular daik lines (1 ]U'oximal, 2 distal to the small cell-dot); proximal edge of the band strongly indented tAA’ice, distal edge Avith slight sxibcostal projection and moderate doul)le lobe in middle; a dark-shaded distal band, Avith the sid)teiininal marketl by Avhite teeth l)etAveen the veins. HindAving Puhl. 2. II. 1935. GONANTICLEA. By L. B. Prout. 89 with distal margin more convex than in typical Larentia \ glossy brownish white above, the markings very faint, except at abdominal margin; beneath less white, with highly sinuous ])ostmedian line; both wings beneath with a distal band, best developed anteriorly. Kilimandjaro, at 2800—3000 m, only the ty])e ^ known. L. heteromorpha Hmjmi. (10 a). Variable, hut recognizable by the white hindwing, moderate or rather hrlrromor- narrow median band of forewing, etc. Ruwenzori, the type at about 1830 m, some aberrant forms from 3050 to beyond 3800 m. Also E. Toro and on Kilimandjaro towards 3000 m. • L. wellsi Profit (9h) is smaller, with both wings dark grey. Only known from very high altitudes on ii-eUs'i. Ruwenzori, 3650 to beyond 4550 m. L. hancocki Prout (9h). A larger species (usually 39 mm or more), strongly glossy, grey but not quite hancockl. so dark as ivellsi, often more variegated, antenna of generally with more joints pectinate (about 25 — 28; in tvellsi 23 or 24). Ruwenzori, 3650 — 3800 m (an ah. ? at 3200 m). L. barnsi Prout (9h) is similarly marked to heteromorpha but strongly ochreous, especially the hind- imrmi. wing. Ruwenzori at 3650 and 4000 m. L. phiara Prout (9h). Hindwing almost as clear white as in heteromorpha, from which it differs mark- phiara. edly in its stronger gloss, broad median band with sharper central projection distally, more sinuous proximal edge of terminal band, etc. Ruwenzori: E. side of Semliki River, 2300 m. The wings are slightly less elongate than in the 4 preceding, on which account I descril)ed it as a Golostygia. L. conchulata Prout (9 h). Much smaller, more weakly marked, the lines which border the median area conchulaia. of the forewing much more direct. Except in the hiangulate discocellulars of the hindwing it more recalls X. con- chata, but is rather smaller, slightly shorter-winged, the markings paler and less reddish. Kivu: Niragongo, only the type G known. L. vana Prout (9 h) differs from all the rest in having lost the pattern of both wings. The glossy whitish vana. of the npperside becomes on the underside (esjjecially of the forewing) strongly suffused with smoke-colour. Locally common in the mountains around Lake Kivu. Sometimes the $ is more suffused with pinkish huff and shows traces of dark postmedian and suhterminal lines on the forewing. 7, Genus: Ooiiaiitielea Swinh. A small genus of Indo-Australian and African moths, differing from Larentia in the long palpus, non- pectinate antenna and generally by a distinctive scheme of markings. Wings rather broad, the forewing with the distal margin often slightly (only in the genotype strongly) concave in the anterior half, the hindwing uni- colorous grey or ochreous. G. similata Auriv. I have not seen the type of this species, a ^ from Mt. Mem, 3000 — 3500 m, but .similaiu. according to the excellent description and figure it is almost exactly like meridionata except that the hindwdng is coppery and the underside lacks the postmedian line. Perhaps a race thereof. — animosa fotm. n. (9i) is anhnosa. a large broad-winged form from the Kikuyu Escarpment, 6500 — 9000 feet, underside almost as coppery as the hindwing above, the hindwing beneath with a fine bent postmedian line and traces of a parallel line beyond, the sj)ace between them very slightly paler than the rest of the wing. $, as usual in the group, without the band-like distal part of the median area of the forewing. Both sexes variable. — ah. fasciata ah. n. has the fasciata. entire median area unicolorous dark brown ; 2 1 G. carnifasciata Warr. (9 i). Smaller, at least as broad-winged as animosa, the hindwing with distal carnifascia- margin slightly bent in the middle and of a dark grey colour; median area of forewing suffused with flesh- colour. Uganda. G. meridionata Walk, (d^ = aspersata Walk.) (9i), founded on the is the only known South African meridlona- species of the genus. Variable, the median area of the forewing in the $ fleshy or grey. Hindwing always dark grey. Cape Colony. Some specimens from Nyasaland, Ruwenzori and Kenya Colony do not seem separable. — nesaea Prout is a small dark form from Madagascar. nesaca. G. euthypora Prout (10 a). Palpus strong, but scarcely long enough for a true Gonanticlea. The (dull) euthypora. ochreous suffusion chiefly showing on the underside. Distinct in the very broad, distally ill-defined median band, with very straight pale proximal boundary and oblique beginnings of postmedian somewhat as in ohtusa. Kivu: Virunga Volcanoes. G. meruana Auriv. Unknown to me, probably a Gonanticlea. Expanse 25 mm from tij) to tip. Palpus with long bristly scaling. Shape of forewing characteristic, the costa arched at base, then almost straight, apex XVI 12 ohtiisa. hulcniata. uiulidigcra. cacsiplaga. acme. evisrerata. inacquata. coaeguafa. cinnamo- tnozona. altipcia. mnnticolafa. indivim. 90 PERIZOMA. By L. B. Prout. acute, ternien between apex and 3rd radial straight, then ventricose. In colour and markings almost identical with the following, to which it may ])rove to sink if the types were rather extreme in shape. Mern 3000 — 3500 m, a pair. G. obtusa Warr. (9 i). Smaller than aniitwsa, forewing shorter and more unicolorous, hindwing on an average darker. Antennal ciliation of more minute. Kikuyu Escarpment. Also elsewhere in the mountains of Kenya Colony and on Kilimandjaro. G. indentata Warr. (9 i). Not quite a true Gotumticlea, the antenna with fascicles of cilia, the wings rather more elongate, hind wing with incomplete macular subterminal; both wings beneath with subterniinal vein-s])ots or dots. Kikuyu Escarpment; also the Virunga Volcanoes. G. { ?) unduligera Auriv. apj)ears, from the description and figure, to be very like a small dark inden- taia, ])erhaps still narrower-winged, the hindwing unicolorous black-grey, the underside also lacking the charac¬ teristic subterminal; biit as Aurivillius describes it as Cidaria (in sensu Hmpsx.) I suppose that the hindwdng discocelhdars are not biangulate. “Antenna of A long-ciliate.” Meru, 3000 — 3500 m, 5 A<$- to 3L. G. caesiplaga sir n. Pal])\is not extreme, the 3rd joint rather short for a Gonanticlea. Antenna with rather long, even ciliation (slightly over 1). Forewing almost as short as in ohtusa, termen not quite so strongly oblicpie posterioily ; the colouring and the acute, rather deep indentation (between subcostal and median veins) of the central l)and ])roximally se]>arate it essentially from ohtusa, apart from the very different antenna. Hindwing beneath fuscous with whitish irroration; postmedian line becoming strong posteriorly, ang¬ led inw'ard at fold, then very black to 2nd submedian, and accompanied by a pale spot distally; a rather large dark spot between 2nd submedian and abdominal margin close to anal angle. N. W. Kivu : Upper Oso River, 4000 feet, February 1924, 1 A (T. A. Barns). 8. Genus: Perizoiiia Following Mc.Dunnouoh, 1 temporarily extend the limits of this somewhat specialised Palaearctic genus (see Vol. 4, p. 258, as subgeniis) so as to include the species (hitherto little studied) which differ from Larentia chiefly in the simple A nntenna, from Gonanticlea in the less long paljnis, different shape and macu- lation, less unicolorous hindwing, etc. Generally small moths, the hindwdng, at least in the African species, a])proaching the shape of those wdiich w^e have here referred to Larentia. P. acme Front (10 b). Rather long-winged, glossy, the forewdng above and the hindwdng beneath sharply marked, the obliqiie Avhite a])ical dash further enhancing its resemblance to some OrthoUtha, notably rhiogyra. Anteniedian line more oblicpie inw^ard posteriorly, postmedian more acute centrally. Madagascar. P. eviscerata Warr. (10 b). Smaller than inaequata, the central band of the foreAving less straight, less AAdiite, postmedian line Avdth additional teeth, especially the one at 1st radial; oblicpie apical streak Avanting. Saldanha Bay, Ca])e Colony. Janse says the figure is much too yelloAv-broAAur and the pale part too dark. P, inaequata (9k). Easily recognizable from the figure. The markings of the foreAAdng, but not the shape, in part recall those of Gonanticlea more strongly than is the case AAdth most Perizoma. HinclAAdng beneath more AAurrmly coloured and more strongly marked than above. Cajie Colony;? Pilgrims Rest. P. coaequata sp. n. (9 i). Close to inaequata, of Avhich I formerly supposed it to be a minor geographical modification. It proves, hoAA^ever, to be Avidely distributed and the differences in markings, though extremely slight, are constant. Slightly shorter-AAdnged, on an average smaller (21 — 29 mm) and darker-marked; ante- median of foreAAung A\ith less produced angles, postmedian slightly more crennlate, distal area more confusedly marked. — ab. cinnamomozona ah. n. looks like a distinct species and may possibly ])ro\m so ultimately; median band only at extreme edges remaining fuscous, the rest almost uniform cinnamon or pinkish-cinnamon, cell- dot generally rather Aveak. Transvaal, the tyjie series (G. v. Son) from Marieps Mtn., in Mus. Tran\uial. The median band varies in AAudth, chiefly according to the sex (in the definitely Avider). Except for the rather less extreme markings and more intricate subapical maculation, I Avould have supposed this to be eviscerata ITnrr. P. altipeta Front (9 k). A unknoAAUi, but the close resemblance to inaequata justifies the assumption that its antenna is simple. ForeAving Avith the pale central band extremely narroAved, the cell-spot enlarged, the subtriangular dark jiatcli near apex more definitely deAmlojied. RuAA’enzori. P. monticolata Auriv. Considerably larger (38 — 42 mm, English measurement), foreAA'ing AA'ith outer edge of basal patch more angulated, the Avhite ])ostmedian line se\"eral times dentate inAAard, the subterminal line continuing to the costa, here Avith a larger but ill-defined dark patch on its jiroximal side, the apical dash less differentiated. Kilimandjaro, 2700 — 2900 m. - - iudlvisa Auriv., regarded as an ab., is “darker coloured, the Avhite transverse line through the middle of the median area is entirely AA'anting and the tAvo transA^erse lines before the middle are scarcely indicated". Kilimandjaro; Kiboscho, 3000 m, 1 A- EUPHYIA; ANSORGIA; TRIPH08A; CTENAUL18. By L. B. Pkout. 9] P. sjostedti Aiiriv., only known to me from tlie figure and description, is smaller than monticolaf.a sjdsiedh. (29 mm) and perhaps still nearer to altipefa in that the postmedian line is not dentate and the a])ical dash is well developed; the anteniedian line, however, is much straighter, the white central band broader and the hindwing — ■ according to the figure — much more elongate. Kilimandjaro : Kiboscho, 3000 — 4000 m, 1 1 9- P. artifex Proiit (9 k). The smallest African Perizonm and quite unmistakable. A antenna lamellate ardfex. with strong teeth, which bear tufts of short cilia. Forewing beneath with all the white lines shar])ly marked anteriorly, blurred posteriorly, hindwing beneath uniisually sharply banded, white and fuscous. Ca])e Town district. — basutensis Prout is larger (19 — 20 mm), whiter, median area of forewing much mixed with white, basuienslft. subterminal broad, diffused almost to termen, underside of hindwing with the white bands broafler and less irrorated, the dark ones less sharp. Basutoland: Machacha, 10 000 feet. 9. Genus: £ii|>liyia Hhn. This genus was defined in Vol. 4 as follows; “Face commonly with cone of scales. Antenna in A nearly simple. Areole double. Discocellnlars (of hindwing) not biangulate. Probably contains some heterogeneoiis elements, but does not at present seem subdivisible.” As thus defined, it contains probably nearly 300 species and is distributed in all the temperate regions and — in a very extensive section with somewhat shorter palpus (Anapalta Warr.) — in South America. In Africa it is almost unrepresented. E. distinctata Walk. (= scotosiata Walk., discolorata Warr.) (9 k). In sha])e, and in the coloration of distuictata. the brightest forms, not unlike the Palaearctic sandosaria H.-Sch. (Vol. 4, p. 244), sometimes didler and more greyish; cell-mark of forewing difhise, about the middle of median band; hindwing weakly marked. Cape Colony. E. altispex Prout (10 b). A broader-winged, broad-banded species, white and fairly strongly marked, allispcx. in some respects a little recalling Larentia phiara, Imt with quite different (minutely ciliate) A antenna and non-biangulate discocellulars of the liindwing. The reddish admixture in the median band gives a slight sug¬ gestion of Ejnrrlwe submac'idata, which is much smaller, with undivided areole. Kivu: Mikeno Mountains, etc. 10. Genus: Aii^orii^ia Warr. The only Africair representative of the interesting Cataclysme-growp , in which the 5th subcostal of the forewing is widely separate at its origin from the others and usually stalked with the 1st radial. In An- sorgia there is no areole, subcostals 1 — 4 being stalked together, and subcostal 5 is only very shortly stalked with the 1st radial or oftener connate or just separate. Antenna of d simple. Only one species. A. divergens Warr. (9 k). A dull s]:)ecies, but not like any other knowui to me; in any case determinable divergcns. by the structure. Uganda. A large d from Kwidgwi I., Lake Kivu, possibly represents a separable race. 11. Genus: Tripliosa Palpus longish, rough-scaled. Antenna in both sexes simple (but see corticearia) . Wings generally glossy, distal margins crenulate, that of the hindwing deeply so; forewing witli areole doid^le; hindwing witli discocellulars strongly biangulate. The genus is chiefly Palaearctic and Nearctic, but with representatives in the Himalayas and South America, particularly in the Andes. The two African species wliich, on account of the diagnosis, have been referred here, present a different facies and may probably have had a different origin, at least in the case of tritocelidafa. T. corticearia Avriv. Expanse 47 mm. Antenna of d pectinate. In wing-breadth, dark colouring, etc., corticearia. rather similar to the genotype (dnbitata L.), but less strongly glossy, the teeth of the hindwing margin rather less strong; postmedian line of forewing withorrt the strong subcostal projection, subterminal not thickened behind 2nd median, termin wdth sharp white-yellow vein-dots, hindwing with only the postmedian line well developed. Kilimandjaro, 2800 — 3000 m. T. tritocelidaria Auriv. (9k). Narrower winged and with the A antenna broadly lamellate, perhaps tritocelida- originating from the Ortliolitha- Larentia group. The white in the median area may be restricted to the region of the cell-mark (type) or more extended. Kilimandjaro, 2700 — 3000 m. 12. Genus: Cteiiaiilis Warr. In shape and pattern similar to those Triphosa in which the margin of the hindwing is the least deeply dentate (particularly corticearia). Antenna in both sexes bijDectinate. Hindwing with discocellulars not bi¬ angulate (Warken’s diagnosis is erroneous), the 2nd radial arising at the cell-fold. Perhaps really a derivative of Ortliolitha. or Xanthorhoe. Only one species. albirupia. alternata. lamcllata. actena. irenc. decorata. sesqiufas- cia. canescens. interstinc- ta. lapsicoliun- na . paciolaria. dUissinut- ria. rhuidocam- pa. nitidula. frosinaria. gamma. 92 CONCHYLIA. By L. B. Prout. C. albirupta Warr. (lU h). Somewhat recalls a lighter T . corticearia, the median area relatively darker but without black boundarydines, the subterminal filled-in proximally with dark spots. Kikuyu Escarpment, only one pair known, the ^ larger and darker than the ^ and with the pale, dark-centred subterminal spot of cellule 3 much more conspicuous. 13. Genus: Concliylia Closely related to Lithostege and Chesias (Vol. 4, pp. 171, 179), the foretibia similarly clawed, the d hindwing with a similar jiocket at the base beneath. Face generally less protuberant, palpus somewhat shorter, tongue generally shorter and weaker, antenna of d — except in a few species — • pectinate, hindwing of the d — ■ except in sesqnifascia — with the 2nd median vein running to anal angle, not to middle of inner margin. In the genotype (ditissiniaria) and some others, the white ground-colour of the forewing is strongly nacreous. The genus is exclusively African, chiefly South African. C. alternata Warr. {=■ argenteofasciata Weym.) (10 b). Very distinct in its less narrowed wings, the 4 parallel brown bands on the nacreous white forewing, etc. Antenna of simple, lamellate. Angola. Con¬ stitutes the type of Weymeb's genus Callythria. C. lamellata Prout (10 b). In markings closely similar to nitidula (10 c), but with the cj antenna lamel¬ late, not pectinate. The brown lines are rather slenderer. The fore wing has almost the same strong pearly gloss as in the nitidula group. Port Elizabeth. C. actena Prout (10 b). Antenna of the d' nearly as in the preceding species. The white forewing glossy, but less intensely, the markings nearly as in irene (10 b). Cape Colony; Fraserburg. C. irene Prout (10 b). In this and all the succeeding species of the genus the (J antenna is pectinate. The hindwing shows a broad, though faint, brownish border. Foot of Nieuwveld Mountains, Cape Colony. C. decorata Warr. (10 c). A pretty and unmistakable species, known by the irregular edges of the brown bands, etc. Orange Free State. Also known from Cape Colony. C. sesqnifascia Prout (10 c). Smaller and much browner than acteyia and ire7ie, the bands edged with white, the incomplete proximal one not, or scarcely, more oblique than the distal. Transvaal and Orange Free State. — ■ canescens Prout (10 c) is still smaller, paler, moi’e weakly marked. S. W. Africa, Kuruman and Angola. The genitalia indicate a distinct species. C. intersitncta Prout, founded on 2 $$ from Uaso Nyiro, Kenya (W. N. van Someren), has the dark bands more mixed with orange than in ca7iesce7is, the outer one throwing out broad distal projections between the veins. The type has less strong dark suffusions between the bands than the ])aratype here figured. C. lapsicolumna Prout (10 c). Bands of forewing broader and much brighter brown than in ire7ie, finely dark-edged, a siditerminal shade indicated. Hindwing somewhat irrorated with brown. Transvaal. Some slightly modified forms from S. Rhodesia, the Kalahari Desert and S. W. Africa will perhaps represent separable races. C. pactolaria Wllgrn. (10 c). Forewing strongly nacreous, the bands still brighter than in lapsicolimina (more yellow), the antemedian more broken near its anterior end, the postmedian running to the apex. Hind¬ wing white. Transvaal. Also occurs in Southern Rhodesia. C. ditissimaria Gue7i. (10 c). Pectinations of long. Somewhat variable, the outer band always much straighter than in the 3 species which follow. Hindwing of $ white, of generally rather strongly smoky. The type from “Caffraria”, the known range from Cape Colony to Transvaal. C. rhabdocampa sp. n. (10 c). Very like ditissimaria, the pectinations not quite so long, the first band arising closer to, the base and running more parallel with costa, the outer band curved posteriorly, the hindwing in the less dark, generally showing traces of a postmedian band, in the $ less white. Cape Colony; Annshaw (IMiss F. Barrett) 8 d'd' 1 $ in Mus. Brit., including the type; others in my collection. C. nitidula Stoll (= nitidularia Oue7i.) (10 c.) Pectinations much shorter, bands more slender, the outer more sharply bent than in rhabdocampa, then running baseward. Cape Colony; ? Natal. C. frosinaria Stoll (10 d). Generally rather larger, the bands more sinuous or dentate, an additional dark mark between them. Cape Colony. Also from Okiep, S. W. Protectorate. C. gamnia^(10 d) differs in the form of the brown bars, which constitute, when viewed from the apex of the right wing, a Greek Gamma. Bushman Land, 1 $. LOXOFIDONIA; PSEUDOCHES1A8 ; EFIRRHOE. By L. B. Frout. '.Ki 14. Genus: lioxofifloiiia Pack. Characters of Xanthorhoe, but with the areole undivided. A similar range of variation obtains in re¬ spect of the length of the palpus and of the pectinations of the d antenna. In the ty])e species, L. acidaliafa Pack, from Colorado, both are rather long. The genus is a small one, but known from Africa, India, China, ■ Japan, Formosa and New Zealand. Probably it has been independently evolved from different sections of Xanthorhoe and perhaps from Ortholitha. I L. ( ?) bergeri Gaede. On a brief examination of the type of this species, a $ from Kitumu, 8. Kenya, ijeryeri. (described as Eupithecial) I took it to be a rather darker, less glossy, race or close relative of explanata, but I cannot feel sure that it may not prove to be an Epirrhoe antenna simple), near edelsfeni Prout. “23 mm” (tip to tip). Forewings with basal area grey brown; from costa to % inner margin a lighter brown band; a second, wavy, from % costa to % inner margin, with a projection behind vein 5, culminating in cellule 3; median area somewhat brown, containing one inner and two outer darker lines; cell-spot small; distal area in anterior half somewhat darker, with an oblique light subapical streak, the twin spots at the radials small, black. Hindwing grey-brown, without cell-dot; 2 faint dark lines, the postmedian light band more distinct. Underside with both cell-dots sharp, light band distinct. L. explanata Walk. (= coarctata Walk., euboliata Walk., pallidata Walk.) (10 d). In the glossy fore- explanata. wing, weakly marked hindwing and to some extent the shape of the latter rather like some Ortholitha, but easily known by its venation. Both wings beneath sharply marked. 8outh Africa, common in Cape Colony and extending northward through Nyasaland to the north end of the lake (Kondeland). L. sylvicultrix Wllgrn. I have not seen the type, a $ from “E. Caffraria.” “Wings above ferruginoiis- sylvlculirix. tinted, cell-dot fuscous, a common sinuous line white, another at the distal margin black; forewing at distal margin infuscated, with an ill-defined spot and waved subterminal line, c\it short posteriorly, whitish; both wings beneath whitish, in fuscated, with a sinuous band beyond the middle, a cell-dot and the outer margin fuscous. “ The detailed description which follows fits so accurately to exp)lanata that I suspect it may have to sink, though the absence of apical dash and the more fuscous-marked iinderside may point to a link with the following species. L. mermera n. (10 d). Forewdng shaped as in explanata and with similar gloss; darker, the median mermera. area without the reddish tone, the oblique pale apical dash virtually wanting, proximal boundary-line of median band not sharp, the median band little narrower at hindmargin than at costa (but so, too, in a few explanata) , scarcely pale in middle (also a variable character in explanata), the white distal boundary-line rather noticeably denticulate near costa, otherwise as in normal explanata. Hindwing, especially in the (J, with the termen ap¬ preciably more subcrenulate between the 1st radial and the 1st median than in explanata; postmedian line much less bent, at costa well proximal to the hinder end of that of forewing, at radial fold more than twice (in ^ 3 times) as far from the termen as from the cell-spot. Underside with subterminal band heavy, much less reddish than in explanata. Fretoria and Fretoria North, type in the Transvaal Museum. Can hardly be a form of explanata, as the pectinations seem a trifle shorter, indeed they almost certainly commence so, but most of the critical ones are curved in sxich a way as to preclude exact measurement. L. alticola Anriv. (10 d). Much smaller than the rest, each joint of the d' antenna bearing 2 pairs of alticula. pectinations ; retinaculum of (J very loosely formed, though I do not agree with Aurivillius that it is actually “wanting”. Variable in size, also in the colour of the band (reddish brown or fuscous), but not likely to be confused with any other knowm species. Underside wdth somewdiat macidar distal area, recalling that of Epirrhoe snhmactdata. Fernando Fo, at 3000 feet and upwards. 15. Genus: Piseiiilocliesias Prout This genus, recently erected for the single species, neddaria, which Sivinhoe quite erroneously placed in Chesias, bears about the same relation to Ejhrrhoe as Ortholitha to Xanthorhoe, differing chiefly in its elongate wdngs and glossy scaling. Ps. neddaria Sioinh. (10 d). Recognizable at a glance by its pecrdiar markings, as well as by its shape neddaria. and structure. Only know'n from Kenya Colony. 16. Genus: Epirrhoe Hhn. Characters of Loxofidonia but with simple, not pectinate, d antenna. From Mimoclystia it differs in the almost straight and oblique, not biangulate, discocellulars of the hindwing, with the 2nd radial arising at the cell-fold or even in front thereof. Erected for Falaearctic species, this genus of perhaps 30 species has been 94 MIMOCLYSTIA. By L. B. Peout. cuth ygrant- ma. thermo- chroa. achaiina. edclsieni. submacu- laia. consors. rliodofinoa. ericinellac. tepescett'i. undulosata . depla nata . found to include a few from North America, a few from West China and the following stragglers in Africa ; one from S. E. Brazil is more douhtfidly placed. E. euthygranima Prouf (10 d). Siifficiently characterized by the nearly straight median band of the forewing; the white apical dash seems constant, but the mid-terminal spot is sometimes obsolescent. N. Kivu, chiefly from the Birunga Volcanoes. A specimen from Ruwenzori possibly represents a different race, rather large, with hindwing unusually white; scarcely an ab. of tliermocliroa? E. thermochroa Hmimi. (10 e). Near euthygramma, the band still broader, less solid, the wing-pattern altogether more dissolved into lines, the coloration different, though the weakest-marked euthygramma some¬ what approach it. Ruwenzori : Mubuku Valley, 6000 feet, only the type ^ known. E. adiatina Prout (10 e). Smaller than thermochroa, less broad-winged, median band similarly coloured, less broad, its distal edge more sinuous. Hind wing rather long and narrow for an Einrrhoe, but I do not think it could be transferred to Pseudochesias. Basutoland (type) and Orange Free State; ? Nyasaland. E. edelsteni Prout (10 e). Browner and more uniformly coloured than achatina, more recalling Mimo- clystia undulosata though less reddish. Underside a little greyer and less uniform than iipper, the proximal and median areas showing more distinct alternations of dark and pale lines, the double, pale postmedian band also distinct. Orange Free State: Thaba’nchu. Also known from Bloemfontein, Deelfontein and ( ?) Bushman- land. E. submaculata Warr. (10 e). The broad median band shows a much stronger central projection than in either of the preceding, the underside bears rather conspicuous blackish maculation proximally to the sub¬ terminal, particularly a conspicuoiis blotch between the radials. Highlands of Kenya Colony. E. consors sp. n. (10 e). Darker than achatina, forewing with distal margin appreciably bent in the middle, the apical dash (esjiecially beneath) with dark clouding behind, the subterminal line more broken, with somewhat wedge-shaped mark between 3rd radial and 1st median; hindwing beneath with cell-dot en¬ larged, subterminal dark shade forming a blotch between the radials. Perhaps nearer to submaculata, especially beneath; somewhat more glossy, hindwing above more strongly marked, forevving more highly coloured, with quite different postmedian lines. Nairobi, June 1927 (D. M. Hopkins), 2 $$ in the Tring Museum. E. rhodopnoa Pront (10 e) has more the aspect of some Palaearctic Epirrhoe, the median band sharply contrasted with the extended whitish area beyond, on which stand costal and terminal marks much as iwgaliata Scliijf. but much more developed towards hind angle. A slight rosy flush and the posterior furcation or widening of the median band are characteristic. Madagascar. E. (?) ericinellac Auriv. Systematic position uncertain; face too obliquely sloping for a Hydrelia (in which genus it was described), too much roughened at lower edge, palpus too long and heavy (almost 2), areole larger, with both the 1st and the 5th subcostal arising well before its end. Thus agrees rvith the general characters of Epirrhoe though the hindwing is rather narrow and the habitus totally different. “15 mm.” (tiji to tip), bright yellow, almost gold-yellow, the forewing above with distal half dark red-brown, beneath Avith the brown more restricted, the hindwing unicolorous, the fringes blackish. Kilimandjaro, 3000 — 4000 in, flying among Ericinella. 17. Genus: Mimocl^'stia Warr. Evidently nearly related to E^ArrhoE or at least to the African members thereof. Differs in that the discocellulars of the hindwing are biangulate, though less extremely, as a rule, than in the Palaearctic Eulype (Vol. 4, p. 254), which further differs in the small eye, the continuation on the hindwing of the strong pattern of the foreAAung and other details. Alimoclystia, as at present constituted, is exclusively African. M. tepescens Pront (lOf) differs from the genotype undnlosata in the total absence of red shades, the markings being brownish-grey just as in the European Enphyia scripiturata (Vol. 4, pi. 9 k). Foreving with median band perhaps a little more distally placed than in undulosata, the succeeding pale band more strongly developed, the hindwing fairly sharply marked. Rhodesia (type) and Angola. M. undulosata Warr. (lOf). See above for comparisons with tepescens and with Epirrhoe edelsteni. Eupjhyia distinctata, to the reddest forms of which it also bears a good deal of resemblance, is of course distin¬ guished by the venation of both wings. Cape Colony and extending to the Transvaal. M. deplanata Joan. (lOf). Well described and figured (uncoloured) by its author, but unfortunately he omitted to examine the venation. By its resemblance to Loxofidonia but Avith the A antenna “very shortly ciliated” it evidently belongs in this neighbourhood; and as specimens from Central Abyssinia (one of AAdiich is here figured) agree excellently, except that the ty^ie A fiom Eritrea seems to have had rather paler and AA'eaker- marked distal area and hindAving, aa^c are probably safe in referring it here. If the determination is correct, the (J antennal ciliation is not only “very short” but absolutely minute (j^ oi’ less). ECCYMATOGE; COLLIX. By E. B. Proct. ur, M. thorenaria Swinh. (lOf) has a rather extreme Ortholitha-s,\\a,Y)Q and tlie ])ostmedian line shaped much ihorenaria. as in 0. deversa, or a little more extreme than in any L. explanata, the hindwing with a decifled tinge of ochre. Hindwdng beneath, with costal and apical jjarts of forewing, very gay, a blend of orange and red, with w hitish markings, the postmedian of the hindAving with a strong projection between the 3rd radial and 1st median. Madagascar. M. annulifera Warr. (lOf). A little larger than most Mimoclystia, decidedly variable, but easily dis- umwlljcru. tinguished from all the preceding by the Avhitish, almost unmarked upperside of the hindwing; from cancellata, which alone resembles it in this respect, by the shape of the postmedian. The typical form, from the Kikuyu Escarpment, is similarly coloured to cancellata; forms from Mounts Kenya, Aberdare and Kilimandjaro are more warmly coloured, the underside Avith a reddish admixture. Also knoAvn from Marungu Plateau, S. W. of Lake Tanganyika. Janse adds Uintali (S. Rhodesia) and Impetyeiri Forest, Durban. M. cancellata Warr. (10 f). Rather smaller than annulifera, postmedian line of both Awngs (on the cancellata. hindAving only distinct beneath) straighter than in any other knoAvn Mimoclystia. Unyoro (type), Kenya Colony and Kilimandjaro. M. pudicata is A^ariable, but alAA'ays unmistakable through the bright yelloAV hinclAving, both above and beneath; the numerous almost straight lines of the foreAAung are also characteristic for most of the forms. — ■ pulicata Walk. (10 g), the name-typical race from Cape ToAA ir and Knysna, has the foreAving strongly suffused imdicala. Avith brcAvnish vinaceous and the lines comparatively Aveak. — ■ quaggaria Wllgrn. (= semiflavata Warr.) is quaggaria. intermediate in colour and in the strength of the markings between jjudicata and multilinear ia. Eastern Cape Colony to South Rhodesia. — ■ multilinearia (lOg) is paler, the foreAAung AAuth stronger lines, the postmedian muliilhiea- perhaps less crenulate; the hindAving often sIioavs traces of the postmedian on the upperside. Kenya Colony, perhaps not separable from the folloAving, of AAdiich I have seen scarcely any material. — cecchii Oberth., from cecchii. S. Abyssinia, is certainly close to multilinear ia, but reverts in colour toAAnrds some quaggaria, being “reddish broAA'ir”, indeed an Abyssinian $ before me is someAA'hat darker than Transvaal forms; rather large, median area of foreAving fairly broad, the postmedian non-creniilate, the subordinate lines AAnakly developed; “fringe rosy“'. 18. Genus: Eccyiiiatoge Front A small genus, erected to accommodate a feAv Australian and African species AA'hich de\date from Ho- risrne in having the discoceflulars of the hinclAAdng biangulate, AAoth the 2nd radial arising nearer to the 3rd than to the 1st. Except in the AA’ing-shape — apex of foreAA’ing not produced, termen of liingAving dentate — , the raised cell-dot of the foreAving and the rather more strongly crested abdomen, it scarcely differs stmcturally from the Palaearctic Coenocalpe (Vol. 4, p. 300). The genotype, callizona Lower, is Australian. E. melanoternia Front, d, 26 mm. Palpus quite moderate. Antennal ciliation minute. ForeAving shaped meUoiotcr- as in a moderately elongate Eujnthecia, red-broAvn, Avith costal edge darkened excepting the distal third, a black terminal line, the cell-spot large, elongate, the numeroAis lines indistinct. HindAving Avith costal margin rather long and very straight; slightly paler than foreAving and AA’eaker-marked, except at abdominal margin. Recalls a Collix on the upperside, but has not the shaaqAly-marked imderside Avhich characterizes most species of that genus. Transvaal to the Cape, imperfectly knoAvn; either variable or comprising more than one species. 19. Genus: Collix Guen. An interesting genus, distributed throughout the Indo-Australian Region as far eastAA’ard as Fiji and — though sparingly — in Tropical and South Africa. In the raised cell-spot and double areole of the foreAA'ing and in the dentate or crenulate hindwing it agrees with the preceding, but it is very distinct in the long palpus, the simple discocellulars of the hindAAung, etc. Very generally there are also oiitstanding characteristics, at least in the d — ■ antenna laterally compressed, abdomen AAuth the jiosterior segments tufted laterally, m i d tibia strongly dilated, more or less holloAved, commonly AA'ith a groove or furroAv on the outerside. Finally, the Avings are generally miAch more strongly marked beneath than aboAm, the pale or AA’hitish ground-colour being marked Avith broad longitiidinal streaks and (often macular) transverse bands. BetAA'een 20 and 30 species are at present knoAAn; of those mentioned in Vohime 4, only hypospilata is really a Collix. C. iiiaequata Ouen. {= flavipuncta Warr.) (10 g). Dark markings indistinct aboAn, moderate beneath, inaequata. Recognizable at once by the large yelloAvish subterminal spot betAveenthe 3rd radial and 1st median of each AA'ing. Underside Avith the longitudinal streaks undeveloped, the bands (postmedian and subterminal) scarcely at all macular. Reunion (type) and Mauritius. C. foraminata Guen. (lOg). Bands better deAmloj^ed aboAm than in inaequata, closely like those of a, foraminata. number of the Indo-Australian species, the subterminal band interrupted, but AA'ith the pale spot behind the 3rd radial not differentiated from the ground-colour. We figure the underside, Avhich giAms a A^ery good idea 96 PIERCTA. By L. B. Prout. of a normal CoUix. Described from “Central Africa" (by which Guenee always means Namaqualand!), but apparently very widely distributed from W. Africa to Zululand and Madagascar, though generally taken singly. psephcria. C. psepheiia Provt (10 g), from Sao Thome, is much like a darker foramhiata, the underside with the markings a little narrower anch weaker. In the darkest $$ the pale subterminal spots stand out almost as in flavipimcfa, thongh that of the hindwing is narrowed. Strncturally distinct from both the preceding in that the (J midtibia is scarcely dilated. 20. Genus : Piercia Janse Face with appressed scales, a very slight cone at lower edge. Palpus moderate or rather long, 2nd joint heavily clothed. Antenna in ciliated, generally in fascicles (in bryojjhilaria and cidariata slenderly pectinate). Hindtibia in l)oth sexes Avith all spurs. Thorax with the posterior double tuft well developed ; abdomen somewhat crested virtually throughout. Forewing with cell about discocellulars normal, areole double or single. Hindwing fairly ample (relatively larger than in Eupithecia) : discocellulars oblique, often more or less biangulate, 2nd radial abont central (in the perizomoides group somewhat before middle). Type of the genus; prasiwarm Warr. (Epirrlwe) . This genus appears necessary for the reception of a number of species, chiefly African, which (on ac- coAint of their variable venation) have been dispersed between Coenotephria and Eupithecia, or quite doubt¬ fully placed. From Eupithecia, with which they share several superficial characters, they differ in shape and general habitus and especially in the genitalia, which lack most of the special features of that genus, in par¬ ticular the labides and the body-])late; the coremata, moreover, are on the 7th segment, the valve has a strongly differentiated costa and there are, at least generally, paired curved bristles or “hooks" arising from near its base or from the anellus. Hindwing weakly marked, not concolorous with foreAving. The nearest relatiA^es are the Indo-Australian Xenoclystia and Desuioclystia, biit at least one Indian sjiecies (rnononyssa Prout, described as Coenotephria) is a veritable Piercia. rrspondens. P* tespondens Prout (10 g). FAddently variable, but easily distinguishable from prasinaria by its longer AA'ings, paler liindAA’ing (Avith more biangulate discocellulars) differently shaped median band of foreAving and generally the paler and less degided green of the ground -coloAir. Areole doiible; antennal ciliation slightly longer than diameter of shaft. Capb ToAvai and Stellenbosch. prai,inaria. P* ptashiaria Warr. (10 h). It is not yet quite certain that the species whicli has subsequently been identified AA'ith this is absolutely the same as the original, AV'hich Ave here figure, unfortunately a rather small from Kilimandjaro; it might conceivably prove an aberration of the closely related and extremely Amriable subrujaria. The species AA^hich passes for prasinaria is locally abundant in Kenya Colony and reaches Nyasa and even, I belieAm, Barberton, Transvaal. Antennal ciliation about as in respondens, areole occasionally un¬ divided, discocellulars not or scarcely angulated. rhlorostola. P. chlorostola Hmpsn. (10 h). Imperfectly known, the fype being the only example yet received from RuAvenzori. I have suggested that it might ])05sibly be an aberi’ation of subrujaria, but do not think it probable; antenna similar, discocellulars of hindAving appreciably biangulate. The bright verdigris-green foreAA'ing has only a feAA^ scattered brown scales to dull it, the cell-dot obsolescent, the hindAving is pale AAoth a decided bnff tinge, thus intermediate betAveen those of prasinaria and subrujaria, thongh nearer to the former. Underside fairly AA^ell marked, but without the strong subterminal shade of subterlimbata and some prasinaria. A pair from Lake Mokoto district, N. W. Kivu, 5000 — 7500 feet (T. A. Barns) perhaps represent a smaller race, A\dth slightly more fleshy-tinted hindAving, but differ considerably on the forewing from one another and from the tyjAe; moreover the C the discocellulars scarcely biangulate, thus they may be subrujaria forms. suhriifaria. P. subrufaria Warr. (10 h). Confusingly similar to prasinaria. U ciliation 1 '4 ; areole, so far as I knoAV, ahvays double, the dividing Avail rather strongly oblique; hindAving beneath more uniformly coloured, buff or broAvnish (in prasinaria paler proximally than distally). On an average smaller and Avith the forewing paler green, with narroAver central band, the cell-spot large, the discocelhdars of the hindAving perha]AS less strongly obliqrie. Kenya and ])erha])s Tanganyika Territory, excessively A'ariable, some aberrations shoAving much red-broAvn admixture. rittaia. P. vittata Janse. 28 — 30 mm. Palpus rostriform, fuscous-scaled. Antennal ciliation of U short. Ab¬ domen A\dth a metallic broAAm tuft of scales. ForeAving moss-green, Avith the markings fuscous, sulderminal line pale green, zigzag, typically Avith the “tAvin spots" at the radials fuscous-black; said to be distinguishable from that of prasinarm by the shape of the postmedian line, AA'hich arises at Y'S costa, is ill-defined in places, irregular, foreAAdng a small tooth at 1st radial and a longer one at 3rd radial, then incAirA^ed to beyond 23 hind- margin. HindAving “tilleul-buff", cell-spot present, the whole area proximal to the postmedian and distal to the sid)terminal tinged Avith pale drab, leaving a characteristic pale curved band betAveen. Durban and Im- ])etyeni Forest. The areole of the forewing in simple; 2nd radial of hindAving about central. PiiU. 2. II. 1935. PIERCIA. By L. B. PROtrT. !)7 P. ciliata Jmise. 25 — 27 mm. Paljms twice as long as diameter of eye. antenna biserrate and hi- r'lliaiti.. eiliate, the cilia a little longer than diameter of shaft. Gronnd-colonr “tilleiddjiiff”, l)ofly and forewing tinged with olive, hindwing with vinaceons. Porewing densely irrorated with fnscons-black ; markings black or black¬ ish; antemedian curved, succeeded by a band-like shade, to which follows the cell-dot; median indistinct, narrow, crenulate, excurved anteriorly, incurved posteriorly; postmedian well-defined exteriorly by the ces¬ sation of black irroration, oblique and straight from costa to before middle of 3rd radial, then zigzagged and incurved; subterminal olive-buff, zigzag, preceded by a triangular brown costal spot and an irregular black mark at the radials; ternien with paired black dots at the veins. Hindwing with indications of a postmediaji line, beneath also of median and subterminal. A yellowish tinge on the underside of this wing, on that of the forewing restricted to the costa and veins. Imjietyeni Forest (102) typ.) and Oudebosch (Caledon flistrict). Unknown to me. P. ansorgei B.-Bak. ( 10 h). Similar to subterlimbata, ( lOi) but with the areole usually doid)le (the ])roximal (msoroel. areole however, at least in the type, quite small), the boundary of the basal patch apparently more sinuous, excurved between the median and the 2nd sidjinedian, the central band not so strongly broadened anteriorly, the hindwing almost entirely darkened, the underside also strongly dark-suffused, excepting a light cream-bnff jicstmedian band. Antennal ciliation of scarcely longer than diameter of shaft; discocellnlars of hindwing scarcely biangulate. Angola (the type), S. Cameroons, N. W. Kivu and Uganda; a form ( '!) from Ran, Nandi Country, is rather narrow-banded and has the areole simple. P. spatios^ta Walk. {= priscata Walk., despectata Walk.) (10 h). Fairly easy to recognize by the spaitosaia. shape of the broad median area, entire absence of green scaling and generally the straightish dark antemedian bar. Hindwing with discocellulars more or less biangulate; pale, with ill-defined brownish border. Cape Colony to the Transvaal and again in Kenya Colony, where the forms are perhaps a little smaller and less strongly marked and have the areole often simple, whereas in perhaps 75 per cent of the S. African it is doid^le. P. fumitacta Warr. (10 i). Closely similar to the preceding, ])ossibly a dingy form of it, perha])s rather fnmitacia. smaller, the hindwing darker, the forewing sometimes with some green scaling intermixed. Areole simple, as in E. African of spatiosata-, discocellulars about as in spatiosata. Kenya Colony. P. subterlimbata Prout (10 i). Median area of forewing nearly as broad anteriorly as in spatiosata but suhterJim- with the course of the postmedian line in its anterior half more direct, the coloration cpiite different, the under- t>aia. side with the distal area strongly darkened. Natal (type) and Pondoland and distributed (perhaps with some racial differences) to Belgian Congo and Abyssinia. In the S. African the areole seems to be always simple, as also in similar examples from Mt. Mlanje, Kilimandjaro and Abyssinia; but 1 refer here provisionally some double-areole forms. In genitalia close to prasinaria. P. olivata Janse. 17 — 20 mm. Antenna of the (J wdth ciliation about as long as diameter of shaft, olh-ata. Palpus about twice diameter of eye; white beneath. Body and wings light drab. Forewing with areole simple; narrow, well-defined sid)basal, antemedian and postmedian lines and a broad, diffused, irregular white sub¬ terminal fascia; a broad yellow-ochre fascia proximal to the antemedian, one distal to the postmedian, and a broad fuscous median fascia, giving the whole wing a dark olive tone. Hindwing with discocellulars biangulate; densely irrorated wdth fuscous-black, the 3 principal lines indicated; snbterminal band whitish and a whitish line beyond the median. Durban (the type), Woodbush, etc. FTnknown to me. Janse's key calls attention to the position of the angle of the postmedian line — midway between 3rd radial and 1st median (in spatiosata before 3rd radial). P. myopteryx sp. n. (10 i). 20 mm. Antennal joints scarcely jjrojecting, ciliation as long as diameter myopterij.x. of shaft. Hindtibia wdth spurs very unequal, the outer of each ])air quite short. Areole simple; 1st median arising close to end of cell. Hindwing relatively small; 1st median just stalked. Differs from ansorgei (lOh) in the more nearly unmarked hindwing, its specialised shape and venation, etc. Macenta, French Gninea. 2000 feet, altilis. May 1926 (C. L. Collenette). — altilis subsp. nov. is rather larger (22 mm) and decidedly broader- winged. Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons (G. L. Bates), a pair in the British Museum. P. cidariata Ouen. (10 i). Almost as variable as Dysstroma citrata and truncata of the Palaearctic chlariaia. Region, the band of the forewing (much as in the latter) either black-grey, paler grey, whitish-centred or rufes- cent; unmistakable through the deep inward bend (between two prongs) of the postmedian line. Structurally characterized by the pectinate antenna, wdth 2 pairs of slender pectinations to each joint. Areole in this and almost all the succeeding Piercia species simple. Ca])e Colony, common; also known from Orange River Colony, Basutoland and Natal. P. leptoyphes sp. n. Very near cidariata, considerably larger (28 mm), cell of forewing not quite so lepfoyphes. long. Coloration pale or light olive, the forewing with grey-brown (approaching hair-brown) irroration and markings; more uniform in aspect than that of cidariata (areas less sharply bounded), the projections of the XVI 13 98 PIERCIA. By L. B. Prottt. postmedian — or at least its central one — less strong. Structure closely as in cidariata. IMachacha, Basuto¬ land, 10 000 feet (R. Brawshay), a in the British Museum. dibola. P. dibola ?t. ( 1 1 a). In the genitalia similar to the preceding, in size and shape similar to (10 i), hind¬ wing a little more elongate. Palpus over ly,. Antenna of somewhat lamellate, ciliation minute. PoreAving with 2 areoles, both ample; whitish grey, inclining (especially in distal area) to smoke-grey; AA'hite vein-spots at boundaries of basal and median bands; elseAAdiere with minute dark irroration; markings broAvner grey, inclining to hair-broAAU ; basal patch chiefly deA^eloped as a subbasal band, its outer edge 2-pronged in cell, its inner line dark and thick; median band much as in dryas, not very solid, cell-mark elongate; distal area not sharply marked, the dark ])resubterminal s})ots at the radials not, or little, stronger than some others of the series; fringe AA’eakly chequered. HindAving Avith discocellulars not biangulate, 2rd radial slightly before middle; more glossy grey, Avith a suggestion of drab ; almost unmarked except at abdominal margin. Both AA'ings beneath glossy grey, with traces of ])ostmedian line and ])ale distal bordering thereof. Cape Colony; Matjesfontein, "Wor¬ cester district (Trimen), a pair in the British Museum. , bryophi- P. bryophilaria Warr. (10 i) is another pectinated Piercia, the postmedian line shaped much as in cida- laria. riata, the coloration much brighter, the forewing AA'ith darkened costal spots; hindAAung Avhitish. The type has the median area fuscous, except in cell and a short tract beyond; an aberration has the entire median area light reddish; in another the median area remains green Aidiile proximal and distal haA-e some reddish shading; but the simple green form, here figured, is probably the most frecpient. Kikuyu EscarjAinent (loc. typ.) and distributed as far as Cape Colony. dryaa. P. dryas Front (10 i). A rather large species, the median band AA'ith central projection less pronounced than in hr yophUaria , the hindwing and underside dark, the latter sometimes Avith the Avhite postmedian band clearer. Antennal ciliation short, hindwing discocellulars not biangulate, 2nd radial before middle (group of ligJitfooti). Transkei (type). Natal, Ziduland and Transvaal. lightfooti. P* lightfooti Front (10 i) differs from emmetes (10k) in having the face and paljms more black-mixed, ab¬ domen more variegated, AA'ings darker, foreAving termen less oblique, cell-mark broader, subterminal finer and more dentate. hindAving Avith postmedian straighter, its accompanying Avhite band more sharply defined dis- tally. Both Avings beneath Avith the white siditerminal line obsolete. Cape Toaau. Janse considers it may per- ccrex. haj)s be a race of emmeles. — f. ceres nov. differs in its clear green forewing (about “mytho green'’ of Ridgavay) more darkened hindwing and underside (esjAecially as regards the distal area), the jnirer but slenderer Avhite lines of the foreAV'ing, a triangidar lilack costal dot develojied between basal and median bands, median band proximally A\ith stronger indentation at the fold, distally with a longer projection outward in cellule G, line of lundAA'ing beneath slender, sometimes obsolete. Face green, generally pretty clean exce])ting its dark lateral edges; palpus lieaA'ily darkened above and on upper part of outerside. Ceres, Ca])e Colony, March and April 1 925 (R. E. Turner) G and 5 $ $, exjjanding 1 8 — 22 mm ; in the British Museum. — Janse mentions a greenish- tinged aberration of t. lightfooti from Stellenbosch, AA'hich may be someAvhat intermediate. emmeles. P. cmmeles Front (10 k). Strongly glossy, as are also lightfooti and 'perizomoides, and AA’ith similarly minute antennal ciliation. Larger and greyer than perizomoides, hindAving less deA'oid of markings; underside strongly glossy broAvn-grey, the foreAving with a vague dark line indicating the distal edge of the median band and a vague Avhitish band beyond, the hindAving Avith corresponding (but more proximally placed and much sharper) markings, both Avings also AAith slender whitish line near termen. Estconrt, Natal. perizomoi- P* perizotTloides Front (10 k). Smaller than the tAA'o preceding, colouring more Amriegated, golden- des. broAAm markings being Ausible on the face and thorax, as AA'ell as on the foreAving, median band narroAv through¬ out, hindAving whitish, aboA'e almost unmarked, beneath Avith shadoAvy cell-dot and a Aveak grey bar just beyond. I\Mteiwal Onder, Transvaal. smaragdi- P. smaragdinata Wedk. (lok). A small species AA'ith rather long palpus, the (J antenna AAith strong, cilia-bearing teeth, almost aqqiearing pectinated. Cround-colour, when fresh, of a beautiful bright green, the markings strong, the zigzag, pure Avhite lines particularly characteristic. Chpe Colony. iiimipune- P. tiimipunctata {Front M. S.) Janse (11 a). 17 — 19 mm. Head green. Palpus about 2. Antenna of o Utld. rather dee])ly lamellate, ciliation almost 1. Body above mostly green, thoracic tnft fuscous. ForeAving Avith areole simple; green, AA’ith an unusually large cell-spot, AA’hich at once distingiushes the species; 4 elongate costal marks are also characteristic, smaller posterior markings and some transA'erse irroration further indic¬ ating the pattern; terminal cloudings moderate. HindAving light drab, Avith little green scaling; faint indic¬ ations of cell-dot and curved ])ostmedian line. Underside more or less drab, the hindAving more mixed Avith whitish; markings not shaiq). consisting of cell-s])ot, curA^ed postmedian line and faint snbterminal shade. Natal; Impetyeni Forest. slihtrunca. P. subtruiica Front. 19 mm. Antennal joints slightly projecting, ciliation fully as long as diameter of shaft. ForeAving slightly narroAver than in hryojJiilnria, termen more oblique posteriorly; slightly bluish green, HORISME. By L. B. Prout. 'J9 a little mixed with white; markings russet to cinnamon-brown; basal patch 1.5 mm, mixed with green; median band 3 mm wide at costa, 1.5 mm at hindmargin, proximal edge slightly curved and crennlate, distal slightly indented near costa, more incurved at 2nd radial, extremely oblique inward froin behind 3rd radial to 2nd median near its base; distal cloudings indefinite, except the anterior subterminal ones. Hinrlwing rather narrow, subconcave near anal angle (as in the following species), abdominal margin in posterior half clothed with dense, coarse, buff-tinted hair; ground-colour rather light drab. Underside somewhat drab, beyond the middle whiter, distally darkened, though less strongly than in subterlimbata. Kikuyu Country: Wambogo, 17(J0 m, only the type known. P. subconcava sp. n. (11 a). Evidently near subtrunca, which I cannot now com])are. Antenna with subconraru the ciliation longer, apparently almost twice diameter of shaft, arranged in slender, compact fascicles, 2 pairs to each joint, arising from small processes (rudimentary pectinations). Forewing with band still more narrowed posteriorly, at hindmargin bounded with white. Hindwing whitish, with a tinge of buff, the hair at concavity and abdominal margin less manifest; cell-dot fairly sharp, though minute, postmedian line faint. Underside with no trace of dark borders. W. Kivu: Kisiba, Bugoie Forest, 8500 feet, November 1921, the type di • Ru¬ anda dist., Kabira Forest, N. of Lake Tanganyika, 7000 feet, January 1924; both collected by the late T. A. Barns. P. hargreavesi sp.7i. (11a). Face scarcely tufted. Palpus 1%. Antennal joints slightly projecting, kanjrca- ciliation somewhat over 1. Head fuscous. Thorax with some green above (Abdomen lost). Forewung with areole double, the distal one ample; coloration and general effect of a dark ‘jwasmaria or subrnfaria-, distinctive nre the elongate cell-mark and the shape of the median area, with its strongly narrowed posterior half and especially the deep encroachment of the green ground-colour proximally in the cell ; white distal edging of the postmedian rather distinct. Hindwing with 2nd discocellular somewhat curved, 2nd radial central, arising very little behind cell-fold; appears long and distally narrow, the termen being concave behind 1st median, the posterior part of the wing somewhat folded and contorted, at end of abdominal margin developed into a sort of flap, beneath densely clothed with coarse specialized scaling, a number of very broad scales showing a metallic shimmer. Both wings beneath weakly marked. Uganda: Fort Portal, September 1933 (H. Har¬ greaves) the unique type a ^ in the British Museum, presented by its discoverer. 21. Genus: Xloriisme Hhn. Near Eupithecia, most of the generally employed taxonomic characters identical in the two genera : palpus moderate, antenna simple, hindleg in both sexes normal, abdomen with small crests, Avings without special modifications, discocellulars of hindwing not biangulate. The species are generally larger, in shape perhaps nearer to Piercia than to Eupithecia, the hindwing often crenulate, generally concolorous with the forcAAong and equally strongly marked. As a rule the thorax shoAVS a better developed (double) ])osterior crest than Eupithecia-, areole of foreAAung double, as in relatively feAV Eupithecia. The genitalia likeAvise have much in common Avith that genus — formation of labides, coremata on 9th segment, etc. — • but there is no “body- plate”. The larvae, at least as regards the Palaearctic species, have not the flower-feeding habit AAdiich is so usual in Eupithecia. Widely distributed in the Old World and A^ery sparingly represented in North America. The half-dozen or so of African species belong almost entirely to the east or south. H. ustiplaga Warr. (10 k). A small species, rather anomalous in the strongly lamellate antenna, ustiplaga. and metallic thoracic crest. Palpus less strong than in most of the species, Avings little elongate. Varialjle, but not like any other; the blend of colours and the heavy black scaling about the end of the cell of the foreAving are sufficiently characteristic. Natal (loc. typ.), the Transvaal and Cape Colony. H. pallidimacula Prcud (10 k) is likewise rather small, but is nearer to obscurata in shape and colouring. palUdima- Readily known by its stronger crests, the pale mid-subterminal spots or dots and the sharply marked under- side, AA'hich someAvhat approaches that of yiatalata Walk., though less strongly darkened distally. TransAmal and extending to Nyasaland and Uganda. H. filia Prout (11 a). As small as ustiplaga, which may possibly be its nearest relative. I have nnfor- fdia. tunately no note regarding the antennal structure. HindAving Avith margin more crenulate, coloration less varied, cell-dot of foreAving indistinct, postmedian line of hindAving more regular. Natal. H. obscurata Prout (10 k). A rather common species, AAdth somewhat the facies of the tersata gronj) obscurata. of the Palaearctic Region. The variation is in large measure sexual, the dd usually having the median area little darker than the rest, Avhile in the $$ it is commonly more or less strongly bandlike. Described from the Transvaal but extending to Kivu and Kenya and to Cape Toavu. H. punctiscripta Prout (11a). Described as an Ortholitha but more probably a rather long-AA'inged ■punctiscrip- Horisme, though the crests, in the sole specimen before me, are not A^ery manifest. OtherAAUse pretty similar 100 EUPITHECIA. By L. B. Prout. vihniaia. albosiriaia. siiffum. 'preioriana. svhcani- 'IMtrs. coaeqiialis. ihcssa. sporadira. to a miich paler obscumta with the postinedian line more projecting in the middle. Antenna of ^ lamellate. Cape Town. H. minuata Walk. (= hrnnniceps Feld.) (10 k). Still longer-winged, more glossy, the markings of the forewing extremely ohliqne. Sexnal dimorphism strong, the $ with conspicuous pale anterior streak as in vitalbata of Europe. Distribihed from the Cape to Angola, Uganda and Kenya Colony. H. albostriata Facjenst. (11 a) seems to be closely related to minuata, possibly a race. Sexual dimorphism similar. Larger, much less brown, the jjrincipal lines strong, the subordinate ones relatively slight. Comoro Islands. H. suffusa Hmjjs. This South Indian form, which represents the very widely distributed Indo -Australian grou]) typified by boarmiata Snell., has been recorded by Janse from Impetyeni Forest and Karkloof (“Nigeria'’ is a mis])rint for Nilgiris, the type locality). It will be dealt with in Vol. 12, but as it seems to be established in Natal (however introduced) it must be mentioned here. Very variable individually and (especially) sexually; the $ nearly always very easy to recognize by some white blotches; the ^ with less white, though some is nearly always discernible outside the postmedian of the hindwing, which is more acutely angled than in obscurata. Underside with the cell-dots large. Hindwing with the distal margin strongly creniilate. 22. Genus: £u|>itlieeia Curt. A nearly cosmopolitan genus of small moths which are generally well characterized by their shape and by their genitalia (see Vol. 4, p. 274), althongh some of the other morphological characters are someAvhat inconstant. Palpus moderate or elongate. Antenna of c? generally ciliate or almost simple. Abdomen with a series of small crests. Forewing with distal margin relatively long, strongly oblique, areole double or simple. Hindwing relatively small, discocellulars rarely biangulate, 2nd radial aboi;t central. The African species are still very imperfectly known, their biology hitherto almost entirely unknown; with the exception, perhaps, of the more glossy-winged dilHcida-gxow]}, they seem quite nearly related to those of the Palaearctic Region. A. Section Eucymatoge Him. Areole double. E. pretoriana Prout (11a). Forewing with costal and distal margins less elongate than in most of the species. The one which most resembles it, both in shape and markings, is connexa IFarr., which has the areole undivided and is not known from the South African subregion. Pretoria. E. subcanipars Prout (11 g). Our figure gives a good idea of the shape of the species, but is not suffi¬ ciently variegated; the colours are nearly those of variegated ])En'piuellata Him. (Vol. 4, pi. 12 d) but their arrangement is very different, the greyish scaling being placed chiefly in and beyond the cell of the forewing. Transvaal: Pilgrim's Rest. By a misprint, the type was pid)lished as E. coaequalis Janse (11 b). Closely like subcani‘pars, the areole similarly double. Abdomen Avith much darker clouding dorsally. Forewing less rufescent, the markings stronger and more uniform in expression, showing some tendency to strengthen at costa, the hoary patch wanting. Hindwing rather whiter, at least anteriorly. Underside perha])s somewhat more sharply marked. Until the E structures have been compared, I cannot feel sure that it is not a subspecies. Palpus longish-moderate. E antennal ciliation very short. S. Rhodesia; Bulawayo and Umvuma. E. thessa sp. n. (11 b). 19 — 20 mm. Face with slight cone below. Palpus nearly U/i times diameter of eye. heavily scaled, mostly fuscous-mixed, the base pale. Antenna of with the ciliation less than y.y dia¬ meter of shaft. Abdomen above with 1st segment pale, the rest much mixed AA’ith red-brown and fusco\is. Forewing with areole generally divided, biit variable (the proximal areole in 1 ^ quite small; in the type E still smaller on the left wing, on the right apparently wanting; in the other $$ of normal size); pale drab-grey, more or less suffused with drab; cell-dot minute; lines mostly Aveak, formed of interrupted dark irroration, those in the centre of the Aving excui’A-ed betAAeen the median A^ein and the sid)median; postmedian line fairly AAell deA^eloped from 1st radial to 2nd median; terminal area darker than the gronnd-colour ; subterminal line forming an irregular W in front of the 1st radial. HindAving Avith termen not quite regularly rounded, being very slightly ])rominent at the 1st and 3rd radials, 1st median and 2nd sidnnedian and a little straighter in the radial and submedian areas; markings mainly rather weak. Underside glossy, hindAving paler than foreAA'ing; cell-dots better devehqAed ; costal s])ots or dashes at the beginnings of the lines; lines generally continnous, the })ostmedia7a and the divided jjale band outsifle it best developed. S. Africa; Kastrol Nek, January (G. a* AX' Dam), 1 3 $$; type in Transvaal MuseAim. The sha])e, miiiAite cell-dots, etc., readily separate this species from pretoriana . E. rigida Sivinh. is a A-ery A\idely distributed Indo-Australian Eupithecia and AA'ill be dealt AA'ith in Vol. 12. — sporadica Proa* (11 h) has the postmedian line of the foreAving somexA hat less shaiqily bent, the Avhite costal mark outside it single (in r. rigida nearly ahA’ays doiilde), hindAA'ing A\'ith the doAd)le pale mark on the EUPITHECIA. By L. B. Prout. loi abdominal margin very strong. Occasional in Uganda, East Africa and Rhodesia, perhaps less rare in Mada¬ gascar. B. Section Eujnthecia. Areole simple. E. festiva Prout (lib), A pretty little species, not liable to be confused with any other known African jestivd. EujntJiecia, but evidently close to com/psodes Meyr. and melanolopha Swmh. of the Indo-Australian Region, perhaps conspecific; less heavily marked. Face with a long pointed tuft. Palpus rather strong, with a tuft at base. Antennal ciliation in the minnte. Abdomen of the pointed. Prevailing tone brown, a pinkish- buff hue deepening to cinnamon-buff or cinnamon, some cloudings and most of the median area of the fore¬ wing fuscescent. Characteristic are the pure white postmedian and subterminal lines, the former not lobed nor angled. Scattered from Barberton (loc. typ.) to Belvedere, Cape Province. E. oblongipennis Warr. (11 b) was described as a Chloroclystis, probably on account of a greenish tinge ohlonyipeu- in the ground-colour. Face and palpus pale, the latter rather long, but not robust. Hindwing above and be- neath strongly marked. The type ^ has the forewings torn and both the known (one of which we figure) are rid)bed, but recognizable. Kikuyu Escarpment. E. thomasina Prout. Larger and slightly longer-winged than longi^^iennis, without greenish tinge, hind- thmuasina. wing almost unmarked, forewing with the postmedian line more regularly excurved in anterior part, an ill-defined dark band developed between basal patch and median band. Sao Thome, variable, the median band in part white-mixed. — dohertyi subsj). nov. (11 b). Larger still, more iiniform-looking, with less Idackening of the an- dohertyi. temedian lines of the forewing, the proximal postmedian line also less heavy, the lines outside it better ex¬ pressed; forewing beneath rather brighter brown. Kikuyu Escarpment, 6500 — 9000 feet (Doherty). E. tricuspis Prout. Expanse 33 mm. Very much like an overgrown dilucida (11 b), excejA for the form iricuspis. of the antemedian line, which is acutely angled outward in the cell and has a second, longer but slightly less acute, prong outward between the median and the submedian veins; postmedian line even more acutely angled outward than in dilucida, the white subterminal better developed. Kilimandjaro, between 2800 and 3000 m elevation, only the type $ known. Possibly a form of immodica, underside scarcely distinguishable. E. dilucida Warr. Variable. Abdomen, at least in the elongate, often, but not ahvays, with a white dilucida. belt at base. Wings elongate, glossy, the median area commonly white, sometimes yellowish, never as dark as the antemedian band, tLo\igh sometimes — especially in a race (?) from Madagascar — • traversed by dark lines; postmedian bandlike anteriorly, with a rather acute angle outward, posteriorly weak, interrupted or almost obsolete; a more or less extended blackish costal cloud beyond it. In the name-type, described from Nandi, the blackish antemedian band is not extended baseward. — ab. nigribasis Warr. (11 b) has the entire niyrihasis. proximal area of the forewing blackish. — ab. camea W arr. has the normally white areas of the forewing changed carnea. to pinkish buff. — dilucida is distributed in East Africa (commonest in Kenya) and reappears on Madagascar. E. immodica Prout (11c) differs from dilucuki in its large size (31 — 35 mm) and the obtuse angle of immodica. the postmedian line. Otherwise it seems to be equally variable. Hindwing proxiinally generally more or less whitened. Fringes perhaps less strongly mottled than in dilucida. Birunga; Mikeno, at 3100 m. E. semiflavata Warr. (lie) differs from dilucida in the buff hindAving. Antennal ciliation slightly less scmijla- rudimentary. Breast and forecoxa with a pale patch. Forevung coloured nearly as in dilucida ab. carnea, but Avithout black basal patch or antemedian band, both the proximal and the median area more regularly tra¬ versed by Avavy lines. Kenya, 6000 — 10 000 feet. E. mecodaedala Prout (11 c). Confusingly similar to dilucida and -semiflavata. Breast AA’ithout the pale mccodae- patch of the latter, antenna almost as in that. Abdomen Avith Avhite belt. ForcAA'ing Avith the proximal darkened area very ample, broAAur rather than black and not quite solid; postmedian line crossed betAveen the 2nd and the 3rd radial by a very characteristic fuscous or reddish streak. HindAving Avith a buff tinge, but paler than in semiflavata-, discocelhilars noticeably biangulate. Mount Kenya and Aberdare Range, chiefly at high altitudes. i-L ^ E. ecplyta Prout (lie) suggests an extremely Avashed-out form of mecodaedala Avith less markings, the ecplyta. postmedian less angled. ForeAving with ajiex acute. HindAving Avith discocellulars not apjn-eciably biangulate; yelloAv-Avhitish, almost or quite unmarked. Aberdare Range: alpine meadoAvs of IVIount Kinangop, at aboA^e 3000 m, Avhile mecodaedala occurs on the same mountain in bamboo forests, up to 3000 m. E. tetraglena Prout. Coloration much as in semiflavata (11 c). AlKlomen Avifh a pale belt, but this is pink- tetraylena. ish buff rather than whitish ; forewing Avith apex not quite so acute, glossy broAvn, Avith costa and some of the veins spotted, numerous extremely ill-defined rippled transverse lines, sidAterminal exj^ressed by 4 rather con¬ spicuous Avhite, longitudinally oval interneural spots between the 5th subcostal and 1st median ; hindAving pinkish buff, shading into cinnamon-buff distally. Mount Kinangop, Avith ecplyta. 102 EUPITHECIA. By L. B. Prottt. isoicnes. hcinioclira. mcdilunata albistilhda. orharia. piciurafu. dlissohapid . ampli iplc.r. somcreni. nahagulcn- sis. hcmileura- ria. E. isotenes Prout. At first sight suggestive of a rather narrow-winged, less black-marked dilucida (11 b, nigrihasis), with the median area a little narrow’ed, especially aboiit the 1st radial, where the outward angidation of the postmedian band is more obtuse. Probably really nearer to semiflavata, the palpus being a trifle less elongate than in dilucida, the breast vdth a pale patch in front. Forewing with postmedian band complete, but generally quite narrow posteriorly. Hindwing with discocellulars slightly biangulate, as their cen¬ tral section is the most oblique; paler grey than in dilucida, scarcely tinged with yellow (not even so strongly as in mecodaedala) ; no distinct markings. Moiint Kinangop, with the two preceding. E. hemiochra Prout is a little smaller (21 mm), the d' antenna serrate -dentate, with ciliation almost as long as diameter of shaft. Wings a little narrower than in semiflavata (11 c), the forewing vdth costal and distal margins nearly straight, the latter very oblique, its colour pinkish-buff, the median area rather narrow (at least in the (J) and defined by narrow, conspicuous ante-and postmedian stripes, the latter rather sharply angled behind the 1st radial, the fringe weakly S]>otted. Hindwing cream-buff, slightly paler proximally than distally; some dark dots at abdominal margin; terminal line interrupted. Mount Kenya, at 4000 m. E. niedilunata Prout (11 c). Expanse 20 — ^23 mm. Antenna of with long teeth (rudimentary pecti¬ nations), siirmoimted by cilia of nearly their own length. Forewing glossy brown, generally with a tinge of reddish and with dark suffusions, characterized by its oblique proximal markings, the antemedian represented by lunulate white marks at the base of the 2nd median branch, the fringe with 2 whitish lines. The elongate, weakly-marked hindwing is also distinctive. Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, 2400 — 3100 m. E. albistillata Prout. Only known from a single $, taken with the preceding at above 3000 m. Ex¬ panse 24 mm. Palpus about twice as long as diameter of eye, heavily scaled. Antenna with the ciliation unu¬ sually long for a $ (about ^4 diameter of shaft). Breast with a pale patch in front, as in semiflavata (11 c). Fore¬ wing fairly broad, the darker bands of the allied species here scarcely indicated, the pale centre of the median area shown by paired spots or streaks at costa, at median vein and at submedian, the proximal of each pair the whiter and better developed; a further ])air at costa beyond middle; subterminal white line rather broad, interrupted at costa and between the medians, extended in celhiles 7 and 3 into longitudinal spots which extend on to the base of the fringe. Hindwing glossy drab-grey, almost unicolorous. E. orbaria Swmh., founded on a $ from Eb Urru, Kenya Colony is closely similar to dilucida (11 b) from adjacent localities, but is somewhat shorter winged, less bright-looking, with the basal patch of the fore¬ wing rather less excrirved at the fold, postmedian less acutely bent outward anteriorly. Abdomen Avithout white belt. Hindwing with 2nd radial about central, almost continuing the cell-fold; not whitish, though not A^ery dark, distal border darker, especially its proximal half. E. picturata Warr. (11 c), founded on 2 $$ from the Kikuyu Escarpment, is easily distinguished by the grey-tinged median band and the bright reddish-broAAUi siibbasal and terminal bands, the latter broad, AA'ith fine Avhite subterminal line in ]Aosterior half, Avhitish midterminal suffusion and indications of an oblique AAdiite dash near apex. Termbial line black, interrupted by Avhite vein-dots; fringe spotted. E. dissobapta Prout (11 c). Smaller and narroAver-Avinged, Avith heavy hlack markings edging the median area of the foreAving, darkened hindAving, etc. Station Perinet, 149 km. E. of TananariA^o, founded on 7 $$ collected in October and November 1939. E. amphiplex Prout (11 d). Palpus shortish -moderate. Ciliation of (J short (about K diameter of shaft). Differs from all other African Eupithecia yet known in the characteristic dark costal maculation of the Avhitish foreAving and the soft broAvn band proximal to the subterminal line. Only knoAAii from Kenya Colony. E. somereni sp. w. (11 d). (J mrknoAA'n, but a near relationship to aniphiplex may be safely assumed. Pal])us similar. Colour light pinkish cinnamon, not AA'hitish; an incomplete faAvn-coloured band proximal to the subterminal of the foreAving, strong onlybetAveen hindmargin and 2nd median, a little stronger about the ra- dials than aboiAt the medians, obsolete anteriorly ; the subterminal itself white, strongest in the same positions; besides the strong, elongate black cell-mark, the most conspicuous markings are the costal ones of the foreAving alternately punctiform and macAilar, the rather narroAv median area further emphasized by faAvn, black-mixed marks at liindmargin. HindAving in part ]Aaler. Nairobi, May-June (Dr. van Someren), 3 $$ in Tring Muse\im. E. nabagulensis sp. 7i. (ll d) can hardly be a form of soiuereni, in spite of the strong resemblance. Eore- Aving decidedly shorter and broader, hind wing Avith termen straighter from 1st radial hindAV'ard; costal marks AA-eaker, except the triangidar one against the cell-mark, posterior marks of foreAving obsolete, both Avings Avith terminal “army-brown” band (shown also beneath), containing the subterminal line. Nabagulo Forest, 15 miles from Kampala. 25 October — 6 Nov'ember 1921 (W. Feather), 1 $ in Tring Museum. E. hemileucaria Mah. 17 mm. Eorewing from the apex to the base of the inner margin cut by an oblique black line; this line crosses also the hindAving and base of abdomen. The part in front of this line is Avhite, Avith EUPITHECIA. By L. B. Prout. lo:} a mimite cell-dot; the other part fuscous-violaceous, divided hy a sinuous whitisli Ihie which arises before the cell and runs to the abdominal margin. A similar but obsolescent line before the termen, and a series of black dots; finally a black thread precedes the fringes. Wings beneath whitish. Madagascar, 1 9. E. perigrapta Janse (11 d). 19 mm. Whitish, with some sprinkling of ochreous scales, which outside jjeri'jrapla. the postmedian line of the forewing becomes dense and mixed with deep pink, broadly between the radials, then as a line to hindmargin; the 3 principal lines of forewing black, very oblique, broad only in anterior half of wing, a black line along costa outside the postmedian; ill-defined black subterminal spots between the radials; terminal line interrupted at the veins. Hindwing with some black median and postmedian irroration and a zigzag pinkish subterminal line. Founded on $$ from Kowie River, Bathurst, Cape Colony. A form ( ?), with less pink admixture, is known to me from Kastrol Nek, Malta (Transvaal) and I think Estcourt (Natal) and is here figured. M hen the type was before me, I did not notice that these differed in the coiu’se of the lines, but as they are certainly not here ,,very oblique” there may be two closely similar species confused. E. streptozoiia Prout (11 d). A small and pale species, chiefly remarkable for its exceptional leg struc- strepiozonu. ture, which may possibly necessitate its removal from the genus. Hindtibia with only one proximal spur present, the terminal spurs of moderate length. Palpus rather short. Cell-spots large, the very fine and sinuous post¬ median line thickened at the costa of the forewing and abdominal region of hindwing. Station Perinet, E. of Tananarivo, only the ^ known. E. connexa Warr. (11 d). Forewing relatively short and broad, the distal margin long and curved, but connexa. less oblique than in most Eujnthecia. cj antenna with the ciliation very short; palpus moderate, infuseated. The E type, from Fovma, Unyoro, is smaller than the figured $ from Kavirondo, somewhat browner-tinged, the two principal lines not better indicated than the numerous others which traverse the wing, all very slender, sinuous, best marked on the veins; with the lens, the double pale band outside the postmedian is seen to be rather characteristic, its proximal half whitish, its distal with a more fleshy-brownish tinge, the fine lines which bound and bisect it somewhat less macular than the rest. HindAving paler anteriorly. Little known, perhaps confined to the region of the Victoria and Albert Nyanza. E. brachyptera Prout (11 d). Similar in shape to connexa, less broAAnish, cell-mark of forewing more 'braclujpicra. roundish, the two sections of the pale band outside the postmedian concolorous, underside rather more strongly marked, etc. Transvaal, the type from Pretoria; only are yet knoAvn. E. undiculata Prout (= vermicidata W^orr., praeocc.) (11 e). Variable in size, otherwise fairly constant. undicuMa. ForeAving less broad than in the two preceding, cell-dots minute or obsolete, lines Avavy but not so irregular as in connexa, the Avhitish ones (original ground-coloAir ?) narroAver than the more broAvnish; terminal region of foreAving slightly darker or greyer than the rest, Avith the slender subterminal line fairly Avill marked, not Aviclen- ing at tornus. HindAving pale except at distal and abdominal margins. Uganda and Kenya to 8. Rhodesia, the type from Torn. E. albicristulata Prout, named from the rather conspicuous, though very minute, white tips to the atbicrisiu- abdominal crests, is only knoAAn from the original taken near Nkandhla, Ziduland, in January. Palpus mo- derate. Antennal ciliation only about ] 2 diameter of shaft. Thorax and abdomen in part reddish broAvn. Expanse 19 or 20 mm. Wings grey, the foreAving Avith more ferruginous tone along the veins distally, along the sid)costal and submedian to the base and about the origin of the 3rd radial and the medians, nowhere sharply defined; lines quite indefinite, especially in proximal part. HindAving jAaler, Avith minute cell-dot and darkened abdominal and distal margins. Underside strongly marked, especially the hinclAving, which is Avhitish, Avith 4 thick, distinct, complete lines, the second crossing the cell-dot. Thus the Aipperside someAvhat recalls undiculata, the underside hypo'phasma. E. adunata sp. n. (11 e). Head and front of thorax Avhite, a black spot on each side of face, a slight adunata. black band at its upper edge. Palpus heavily scaled, dark-marked on its outerside. Body and Avings Avhite, Avith drab irroration. Distinguishable by its elongate, someAvhat glossy Avings, the black A^ein-dashes (or small Avedge marks) at the ante- and postmedian lines, and enlarged, inAvardly oblique spot at costa, succeeded by an ex¬ ceptionally oblique outAvard bend of the postmedian line. Hindwing strongly marked at the abdcminal margin only. The white fringes sharply spotted. ForeAving beneath mostly suffused, the postmedian and subterminal costal spots strong. HindAving beneath more uniforndy marked than above, 5 or 6 lines (besides the terminal) being recognizable, though not strong. Reunion, 2 and 6 May 1922 (G. F. Leigh), 2 in the Tring Museum. E. lubristigma Profit. Face with tuft at loAver edge slight. Palpus 1% times diameter of eye, 2nd joint rubristigma. rather heavily scaled. Wing-shape about as in gradatilinea (11 e), of Avhich it may perhaps be a form. Fore¬ Aving whitish, Avith lighter or darker oliA^aceous suffusions, the median area rather strongly irrorated Avith blackish except at costal and hind margins; cell-spot red, large, nearly as broad as long; lines slight, except the 3 prin¬ cipal ones, Avhich are black, more or less dentate, the median touching the proximal side of the cell-spot, the postmedian in places thick, its course about as in gradatilinea-, subterminal markings not strong, some slight 104 EUPITHFX'IA. By L. B. Prout. red marking at the 2nd radial. Hindwing winter, except at distal and abdominal margins. Underside x^ale, the principal markings strongly expressed. Mt. Kenya, in open meadows at about 2000 m, the type A few similar $$ from scattered localities in Kenya Colony and even in Abyssinia show considerable variation inter se, but all have the cell-spot of the forewing black and are perhaps better regarded provisionally as gradafilinea. grndatUi- E. gradatilinea Front (11 e). Antennal ciliation of the minute. Forewing whitish grey with a tinge ma. with dark grey irroration; cell-mark black, elongate; markings somewhat variable, rarely sharp, exce])ting the postmedian, which is thick in its anterior part, then running inwards in somewhat the shape of a staircase; median line generally crossing the cell-spot. Hindwing in part whiter, somewhat iridescent in the cell, only the abdominal and perhajis the terminal region sharing the colour of the forewing. Underside also rnhidiniLr- whitish and somewhat iridescent, the cell-s])ots and postmedian line sharply marked. — ab. rubidimixta Front is a recurrent darker form, with generally enlarged cell-spots and with some reddish admixture on the forewing, notably between the radials distally to the median area; one or two white subterminal spots often develojjed. Founded on $$ and according to Janse still known only in that sex. The species is not rare in the Transvaal and reaches Cape CAlony and perhaps (see remark under rnbristigma) Kenya and Abyssinia. ruhUjinl- E. rubigitlifera Front (He). Face with tuft. Palpus rostriform, with spreading scales. Abdomen fera. .^£ base, then black, the posterior segments sprinkled with wdiite. Forewing dirty white, the markings not sharp, in part macular, fairly well developed as costal spots; postmedian distinct, black, interrupted by a rusty cloud between the radials; the 'white siibterminal also well developed. Hindwing above very weakly marked. Both wings beneath with cell-spot, that of the hindwing elongate but weak; forewing further marked costally by alternate black and white spots and distally by a suffusion as far as the 1st median, rendering visible the dentate pale subterminal; hindwing with weak antemedian and median lines and weak curved band parallel to termen, accompanied proximally by dark vein-dashes. Haenertsburg, Transvaal, only the type ^ yet known. snhscripfa- E. subscriptaria Front (He). Palpus moderate (at least If^)- Antennal ciliation of ^ minute. Fore- rut. q£ medium breadth, dirty white with copious greyish drab irroration, somewhat darker costal maculation and lilackish cell-s])ots, altogether more reminiscent of a brown-tinged seynigraphata Brd. (Vol. 4, p. 289) than of scriptaria Frr., with which 1 originally com])ared it. Pale markings formed by absence of irroration, the very oblicpie antemedian band fairly cleai’ ; in this and in its smaller size distinguishable from jMlylibades. Underside fairly well marked. Transvaal, the type from White River. potytibades. E. polylibades Front (11 e). Frontal tuft slight. Palpus moderately long, 2nd joint heavily scaled above. Ciliation of ^ antenna very short. Forewdng whitish grey, with very numeroiis, almost evenly developed, wavy, somewhat punctiform, darker grey lines (shown too dark in our figure) and a large oval cell-spot. Hindwing with the markings continued, except costally. Underside rather lighter and more glossy, forewing suffused proximally, tlie cell-mark and angulated (not punctiform) lines beyond it present, the hindwing not suffused, the first angulated line proximal to the cell-spot, the second crossing it, the third subterminal. Transvaal and Basutoland, the ty])e from Pretoria. sagiftata. E. sagittata Warr. (He). A more striking species, more drab in tone, without irroration, the markings of the forewing few l>ut sharp; some costal spots; a long, slightly bent cell-mark; very fine, more or less curved lines; often a browner spot or sufPrsion behind the 2nd median close to the termen. Hindwing with very charac¬ teristic, deeply dentate lines near termen. Natal to South Rhodesia, tlie type from Weenen. resarta. E. resarta Front (11 f). Antennal ciliation of cJ less than half diameter of shaft, probably not longer than in rediviva, of wliich, indeed, resarta may well be the East African representative. Ground-colour about the same, but the general impression very different, the lines being much stronger and more l)rightly coloured, in part broadened. Hindwing a little whiter than forewing but, in fresh specimens, not so weakly marked as in most rediviva. Kenya Colony, especially about Nairobi. rediviva. E. rcdiviva Front (11 f). Antennal ciliation of minute. Frontal tuft pointed. Palpus moderate, heavily scaled. Forewing with the lines (numbering about 9) ill-defined, specially the jiroximal ones, in general parallel with termen, but more or less bent or angled near costa (])erha])s less strongly than in resarta) ; cell-dot small but sharp. Hindwing paler, generally very weakly marked. Underside of each wing with distinct cell-dot and two rather thick and difRise biitweak outer lines, hindwing in part dark-speckled. Transvaal and 1 think Natal. pcftyi. E. petty! nom. nov. (= parallelaria Janse, nec Bohatsch). 18 — 19 mm. Near resarta and rediviva in shape and design, but much more sharply marked, both above and beneath, the cell-spot on the forewing above and on both wings beneath rather strong. Palpus fuscous, fringed with white scales below. Antenna of ^ finely ciliated. The ])ale body heavily irrorated with ochreous and fuscous. Forewing with the principal lines edged on both sides with lines of slightly raised ])ale scales, which are followed (antemedian) or preceded (postmedian) by narrow black scaling; similar black scaling behind lower radial and 2nd median. Hindwing ])ale in costal half, the rest more nearly as on forewing. Elsenburg, Cape Colony, a series bred by Hr. Petty, the foodplant not recorded. Piibl. 20. XII. 1937. EUPITHECIA. By L. B. Pboitt. 1 or, E. atomaria Warr. Greyer than the three preceding. J^alpns longer, decidedly darker. Abdomen darker oiomdr'xi. dorsally, without the definitely white ridge and crests which they exhibit. Otherwise very similar, but the lines of the forewing are more equally developed throughout than in resarta, the postmedian much less manifest above, very slender beneath, the abdominal region of the hindwing more strongly darkened. Kikiiyu Escar})ment . E. hypophasma Prout. (11 f). More ochraceous-brown than any of the ju'evious >Soutb African E iipUhecia hypoiihns- and ty])ically with quite exceptionally strongly marked underside, but unfortunately this latter character has proned to be less constant than was anticipated. Paljuis moderate, heavily scaled. Ciliation of antenna minute. Cell-spots small; lines of forewing very obliqixe; hindwing commonly with the terminal area clouded with the brown of the forewing. Underside in the distal part with the whitish ground-coloiir marked with broad brown bands; even when these are weak the distinctiveness is not entirely lost. Distributed from the 'J'ransvaal to Cape Colony, the type locality Haenertsburg. Perhaps also at Sima, 8. Kavirondo. E. laticallis Prout (11 f). Palpus scarcely times diameter of eye. Antennal ciliation of ^ less than lniiraHi.c. 1.7 diameter of shaft. Abdomen dorsally much chequered, light brovm (at base whitish), the first crest rather bright brown, the rest black-tipped and succeeded by white spots; a subdorsal ])attern of blackish spots. The elongate forewing shows some slight hoary scaling in j)laces; lines partly duplicated, the proximal ones strongly dentate, the postmedians sharply defined, bent or slightly angled outward behind the fold. Hindwing paler, except at abdominal and distal margins, the cell-dot minute. Forewing beneath more smoky, hindwing dirty whitish, with rather large black cell-dot and fairly distinct lines. Cape Town, March and May. E. devestita Warr. is only known from the rather ndjbed type and cannot be adequately described (lcrc.<H».sr-o.s«. with the antemedian line characteristically geniculate behind the fold. Costa of forewing with a twisted liairy swelling beneath which at first (opposite the middle of the cell) projects sufficiently to show as a slight protuberance when viewed from above, then curves downward (opposite the proximal end of the areole), suggesting from above a slight “nibbled-out” concavity, finally making a small ridge, which gradually dies down. Hindwing with postmedian from the radials to the hindmargin strong, partly marked with blackish wedges. Founded on a long series from the Kikuyn Escarpment. — -kampalensis subsp. nov. is somewhat shorter- kampaJen- winged, the costal swelling, as viewed from above, showing a somewhat stronger and more proximally placed lobe ad its commencement, the hair more mixed with reddish; forewing in the typically less strongly mark¬ ed, more olive- grey, the postmedian less strongly dentate in its anterior part ; hindwing with the postmedian almost equally strong throughout. L^ganda: Kampala (H. Hargreaves), the type (J; Kabale (G. H. E. Hop¬ kins), a pair, the $ much discoloured; all these examples have lieen presented to the British. Museum through the Imperial Institute of Entomology. Perhaps a separate species, or a race of peremptata . — tumefacta Prout iumejarfa. { 12 b) is smaller than muscosa (17 — 20 mm). Forewing in the ^ with the costal lobe and hair-tuft, proximally to middle stronger; coloration duller, antemedian line less irregidarly curved. Hindwdng on the whole more sharply marked. Fairly common in parts of Natal, particularly the Durban district; known to me also from Cape Colony and perhaps Nyasa. Should probably rank as a species. Ch. marmorata Warr. (12 b) differs from the muscosa grouji in that the costal lobe of the ^ is opposite marmorata. the median band, i. e. at least as distally placed as the proximal part of the areole; the lobe, moreover, is chiefly on the upperside of the wing (as is also its distal continuation) and the rough hair-scaling which arises from it projects forward and upward. The $$, so far as they are yet known to me, have ahvays a w'ell- defined, more or less dark median band on the forewing. Only certainly known to me from Southern Nigeria, but I believe I have also seen it from the Ivory Coast. Ch. toreumata sp. n. (12 b as ,,tereumata“). No doubt near marmorata, on an average perhaps smaller, foreionota. the apex of the forewing more rounded ; but remarkably distinct from that and from all know^n species in the singular disc-like developments of the costal lobe of the forewdng and the tufts and masses of coarse hair which accompany and in large measure cover it. Both upper- and underside participate in these developments, but particular attention may be called to a roundish jilate-like flap w'hich is attached to the lobe beneath and reaches back nearly to the areole; the cell is narrow'ed to compensate for these costal developments. Forewing beneath finely striated throughout, the striae transverse. The extreme V-like angulation on the postmedian of the hindwing is inconstant both in toreu7nata and in inarmorata, but less frequent there than here. Comoro Islands, general, the type from Anjouan, 29 June 1911 (G. F. Leigh). Also from Madagascar, at least in the Tananarive district and at Diego Suarez. I do not known how' to distinguish the $ from that of derasata (12 a), unless perhaps the angle of the postmediaii of the hindwdng is more acute. 112 CAMELOPTERYX; GYMNOSCELI8. By L. B. Prout. s)ihco)»osa. p.riJijncfa. multicolor. tcnera. hirivulata. crasmtu. varians. trlpartlia. olsoufieffact' Ch. subcomosa Warr. (12 c and $). The $ is easily distingiaished from those of the rest of the group by the particoloured median band of the forewing, generally reddish (occasionally more fuscous) as far as fold, green behind. The shows the same colour-scheme on the forewing, but is again remarkably specialised, forming the ‘'genus" Mesocolpia Warr. Besides the long, stiff midcostal fringe and the peculiarities of shape, which may be seen from onr figure, the underside is very noteworthy : forewing mostly striated, much as in forew- raata ; hindwing with costal region expanded, cell very short, the region distally to it partly nacreous, puckered and contorted, terminally (especially near tornus) tufted, anterior part of termen with some specialised scaling. Sao Thome, the d' very rare, the $ rather less so. Ch. exilipicta J . Joan. (12 c). A pretty and — ■ so far as the African fauna is concerned — ■ unmistakable species. I have recently descril)ed from Fiji a very closely similar species which will be dealt with in Yol. 12. Although much less specialised than most the preceding group, exilipicta (J has a costal fold on the under - side of the forewing, proximally fringed with hair-scaling. Hitherto only known from Mauritius; I have found, however, a $ from Reunion in the Oberthur collection. 24, Genus: Camelopteryx Joav. Antenna of ciliated. Hindtibia with all spurs. Abdomen with small crests. Forewing of with a strong convexity before middle of costa, apex rounded; venation nearly as in Ghioroclystis, stalk of 1st sub- costals arising very near base, anastomosis of 1st subcostal with costal short, 5th subcostal parallel with stalk of 2nd — 3rd and with 1st radial; 2nd subcostal of hindwing not stalked. Almost certainly a further section of Ch.loroclystis\ one of the chief distinctions which Joanxis l)8lieved to have noticed (1st subcostal not ana¬ stomosing) was an error of observation. Only one species. C. multicolor J . Joan. (12 c). Unmistakable in the sha])e of the forewing. Variable as regards the presence or absence of the green element in the wings. Mauritius. 25. Genus: Cwyiiiiioscelis An offshoot of ChlorocJystis, not (or not directly) of Eupiihecia, as stated in Vol. 4, p. 298, only defini¬ tely distinguishable by the loss, total or almost total, of the proximal spurs of the hindtibia. The palpus shows some different forms, the build is sometimes more slender, with wings narrower, the green colouring not ju’evalent, the 1st subcostal of the forewing much more usually merely anastomosing with the costal than running into it, extreme specialisations of the EG uiucli rarer; but none of these distinctions is essential. The genus is chiefly Indo-Australian, but straggles into Eiirope and Africa. The supposed North American represen¬ tatives have been assigned a separate genus, Nasusina. Africa certainly produces several species, but in some cases they have only lieen taken singly and in poor condition, so that it would be worse than useless to mul¬ tiply descriptions; even of those which have already been described, some are still very ill-known. G. tenera Warr. (12 c). A tiny species (9 — 14 mm), in tone and markings somewhat recalling the very weakest-marked forms of pvmilata Him. (Vol. 4, p. 298), perhaps relatively somewhat narrower-winged. It may be briefly descrilied as reddish grey with broad white lines (no fuscous shades). Described from Ogruga, River Niger; reaches Senegal. I have also seen it from Kenya Colony (Beira, bred from maize), S. Rho¬ desia and Transvaal; ])resnmably an "insect of cultivation". G. birivulata Warr. (12 c). Size of the largest tenera or scarcely larger, wings broader and much dar¬ ker; hindwing with a small terminal concavity, so as to recall a small dark Chloroclysfis grisea. Described from the island of Sao Thome; I think known also from Principe. G. crassata Warr. (12 c). Less small (16- — 19 mm), relatively longer-winged, the hindwing regidarly rounded. Characterized by the very strong outward bend of the postmedian of the forewing, culminating in a more or less sharp angle at the 3rd radial. The type 9 is rather clear l)rowansh, wdth the ante- and postmedian sharply defined as narrow’ dark bands; the rest of the original series (Sao Thome) much less variegated. A few’ poor specdmens from Ivory Coast, Cold Coast and Nigeria probably belong wdth it. — On Madagascar, about Diego Suarez, it reappears in abundance in a variable race wdiich I name; varians stihsp. nov., wdth the forewing slightly more produced anteriorly, nearly ahvays strongly marked, the postmedian showing the band-like development of crassata type, l^ut w’ith more clouding in the distal area. In some examples the ante- as w’ell as the postmedian show’s a sharp angulation, but as these may possibly represent a different species I have chosen as type a $ in which it has just the same form as in c. crassata. — ■ ab. loc. tripartita nov. (12 d) is a pretty form, with the proximal and distal areas of the forewdng heavily suffused w ith fuscoirs; fomided on 8 $$ from Diego Suarez w’hich, together with the type series, belong to the Tring Museum. G. olsoufieffae sp. n. Considerably larger than crassata (22 mm), palpus with terminal joint rather sharply pointed, abdomen (E) considerably elongate, approaching that of the acittipe7inis (lie) group, Avings PuhL 1. XL 1935. LOBIDIOPTERYX. By L. B. Prou'i'. 1 1 3 longer and narrower than in crassata] forewing with the antemedian weak, siiffused, postniedian not thickened, its angle appreciably behind the 3rd radial, acnte, followed by a rather strong inward curve between this point and a second prominence behind the fold; hindwing Avith the postniedian almost direct, except for a strong indentation at the radial fold; both wings with a whitish spot behind tlie 3rd radial close to termen. Nanisana. near Tananarive, December 1931 (Mine. N. d’OLSOUFiEFF), a good cJ in the Tring Museum, Discolourefl specimens from Lorenzo Marquez and Port St. John (Pondoland) are in the British Museum. G. rousseli sp.n. (12d). Near the preceding, or intermediate between that and crassata, but with roKssrii. a fleshy tone that is wanting in both. Further characteristics are the costal spots at the beginning of the lines of the forewing and the Amry strong outward bend of the postniedian of the hindwing at the radials. Bourbon (Reunion) (Dr. Roussel), a $ from the Oberthur collection. G. cameata Warr. agrees with acutipe^inis (12 d) in shape and essential markings but is a little smaller carneata. with a fleshy rather than an olivaceous tinge, the heavy cloudings in the anterior jiart of the forewing Avant- ing (though the postniedian and the subterniinal do arise from blackish costal spots), the postniedian of the foreAving scarcely inbent at the fold. Both species show, in the ^ type, a longitudinal streak about the radial fold of the forewing and indications of a second about the submedian fold, but these marks are inconstant. Kikuyu Escarpment, a pair collected with acutipennis . G. acutipennis Warr. (12 d) cannot be confused with any other known species. The ^ has almost ex- acufipenniti. actly the same markings as the $ (unless the distinction noted under carneata be definitely sexual) but has considerably narrower AAungs, the forewing more pointed, and exceptionally elongate abdomen (about 6,5 mm). Kikuyu Escarpment. G. idiograpta sp.n. (12 d). Head pale. Palpus nearly 1%. Antennal ciliation in the extremely idiognipia. minute. S^iurs of hindtibia very unequal, especially in the Build and coloration just as in acutipennis, underside nearly as in that species, markings of the forewing aboAm almost restricted to the two large costal spots, the antemedian very oblique and tapering, the subbasal band of the hinclAving stronger than in acuti¬ pennis, the postniedian less sinuous, with less red shading proximally. Sao Thome (W. H. T. Tams), 4 of each sex. 26. Genus : Xjo1>iteryx Warr. One of the feAV African representatives of the Lobophora group of genera (see Vol. 4, pp. 181 — 187) distinguishable from Nothopteryx Prout chiefly in that the costal vein of the hindAving is not approxima+ed to the subcostal for so long a distance but begins to diverge well before the end of the cell; the connective bar is, in consec^uence, more proximally placed, sometimes scarcely beyond middle of cell; 2nd subcostal of this wing generally stalked in the (J, or at the most only just separate (in Nothopteryx generally at its origin Avell separate from 1st radial); 2nd radial of both Avings arising well before the middle of the discocellulars. Palpus moderate to short. Hindtibia, as in most of the group, with terminal spurs only. Outer areole large and broad.. All the species are closely related. L. veninotata Warr. (11 k), the type of the genus, is easily recognizable from our figure. Larger than vemnotata. the other species, brightly coloured, with black cell-dots and characteristic black dashes on the veins. Palpus moderate. Founded on a good series from the Kikuyit Escarpment. — antithetica suhsp. nov. has the markings antithefica. (including subbasal band) very strong on a pale ground, hindAAung whitish, palpus less blackened (merely pale with black dots) on outerside. Katana, W. Kivu, 5000 — 7000 feet (T. A. Barns), a fine d in the British Museum. L. aurivilliusi sp. n. (= veninotata Auriv. nec Warr.) (11 k). Slightly narroAver AAunged than veninotata. aurii-'itli- Forewing with termen straighter, cell-spot and marks on the veins not black, proximal band of the median area at its darkened posterior part at least as strongly oblique outward as the distal band thereof; fringe Aveaker- marked than in veninotata. Hindwing with 2nd subcostal better stalked, 2nd radial from not quite so near 1st; very noticeably Avhiter than in typical venmotata. Kilimandjaro ; Kiboscho, at 3000 m, in February (Sjo- STEDT), type (J in the Zoological Museum, Berlin, being one of a series of 6 1 misidentified by Auri- VTLLiiTS as veninotata. L. eumares sp. n. (11 k). ^ 34 — 37 mm, $ 38 — 41 mm. Also very similar to veninotata. Palpus a little eumare^. shorter, with less black marking. Wings slightly less elongate; forewing not green, lines firmer, their course somewhat different, the characteristic black dashes not develo2)ed. Hindwdng in the at least as clear AA'hite as in aurivilliusi; its 2nd subcostal about- connate with the 1st radial. The type (J, from Impetyeni Forest, Natal, 3 September 1920 (coll. Janse) is somewhat more warmly coloured than the other exam^Ales, Avhich are from Malta (Pietersburg) and Marieps Mountain, Transvaal, collected by Mr. C4. van Son and submitted to me by the Transvaal Museum. We figure a $ froin MariejAS Mountain. XVI l.r> EPTSTEIRA. Bv L. B. Prout. I 14 xlxHit. L. stulta Prout (11 k). Close to eumares, though the palpus appears to he a little shorter still and the 2nd sul)COstal of the ^ hindwing is in ore (not less) stalked than in veninotata. Coloration yellowish olivaceous, the markings Aveaker than in any of the preceding; anteniedian of forewing more angled inward at the fold than in eumares: hindwing as free from markings as in that, hut of a much less clean whits. Belgian Congo. ihomiir. from Ituri Forest to the region N. W. of Lake Kivu. — thomae Prout ( 1 1 k), from Sao Thome, is so similar to ■eneath — called by Warren a “keel” — the extremely long palpus, spurless hindtibia, simple areole and reduction of veins in the hindwing Avhich characterize Episteira. The disco- celhilars of the hindAA'ing, hoAvevev, are biangulate (in the (J sometimes only Aveakly) and there are other diver¬ gences. contnpden- £. coilfusidentata Warr. (12 d). Excepting one or two Lohidiopteryx, Avhieh can readily he distinguishetl by the pal])i and other structural characters, there is no knoAvn African species with Avhich this and its im¬ mediate allies coidd ])ossibly be conLised. The definitely green foreAving (Avhitish green Avith a nniltitncle of almost regularly distril)uted — but sinuous or dentate — yellowish olive lines) is more like that of seA^eral Indo-Australian Sauris. Tme conjusidentata, from Natal (and since recorded from East London and Port Elizabeth and seen from Table Mountain and Malta, Pietershurg), has in the the abdomen strongly elongate, hindtibia Avith a vestige of one terminal s])ur, hindAving much narroAved, its costal margin folded over beneath (st> as to reach, at its Avidest part — just outside the cell — as far as the 1st radial), its humeral region folded oA^er above, affording a base to a spreading hair-pencil Avhich covers the anterior part of the cell, the cell mostly hyaline, contorted beneath, and A\ith a moderate, appressed lobe above, a small tuft of hair at the abdominal margin beneath, arising from the rnstigial 1st median, the only Avell-developed veins being the three radials. 'fhe $ hindwing has the normal Larentiid venation. ^\h4LKER, in 1862, treated a Avorn specimen as a A^ariety of his Sauris prohoscidaria of Ceylon. Some large, broad-Avinged $$ from the Kikuyu Escarpment (6500 — 9000 feet) are perhaps also true conjusidentata . Single $9 from Sao Thome and Fernando Po may also represent races either of this or of the folloAving; the former has heavy black spots on the sxd)terminal. the latter a con- spicm)usly darkened median area. iruftirata. E. frustrata sp. 11. (12 d) is rather small and Aveakly marked, hut Avould have been taken for a race of the ]n-eceding hut for the differences in the structure ; abdomen someAvhat less elongate, basal pouch beneath someAvhat less rudimentary, probably accomodating a better developed pencil from base of hindcoxa than is found in co/i/HSide/Pato, hindtibia AA’ith a minute node in place of the vestigial spur; hindAving Avith costa scarcely folded beneath, merely thickened so as to absorb the costal vein, 2nd SAibcostal cleAmloped, short- stalked Avith 1st radial, cell beneath smoother, lohe above rather smaller, perhaps less appressed, pencil from l)ase not covering any ])art of it, hair -tuft of abdominal margin denser, arising just proximally of 1st median. Nairobi. 1 2 5^^, the type (F. J. Jackson, December 1905) in the Tring Museum. E. ( ?) atrospila Strand certainly l)elongs to the Lotto pliora group. The figure and description SAiggest a Lohidiopteryx :\)\\t as Strand indicates that it has some of the characteristics of a Eupithecia it shoidd hao'e the areole undivided, and the better rounded Avings, with tolerably direct transverse markings on the foreAving, may rather point to a 9 Episteira, in Avhich case the pal])i mnst have been lost. ForeAving 17 mm in length, S in breadth; dirty ochreous, Avith indistinct lighter Avavy lines, 4 or 5 each in basal half and distal area, those of the latter parallel Avith termen, the others Aveakly concave on proxinial side, ■j)arallel inter se; median band also AAith a few ])ale lines, but these interrupted by tA\ o subtriangular blackish ])atches, one at base of celhile 2, underlined by 3 deep-black dashes on 2nd median, the other covering the bases of cellules 4 and 5; indications of a dark line near termen, also some dark vein-dashes; termen Avith paired dots at the veins (as in Ljobidio- ptery.r). HindAving pale fawn-grey (probably as in confusidentata). Founded on a $ from Bonaberi, Gameroons. Possibly near the Fernando Po form of conjusidentata . africaua. E. { ?) afticatia Auriv. described as Sauris, is likcAvise unknown to me, but according to the figure and description must be superficially very similar to the two preceding, probably best distingAiishable from jrustrata (12 d) by the less oljlique termen of the foreAving, less reduced and not cremdate-margined, “more Avhitish” hind- Aving. still less sinuous and more equally expressed lines and absence of cell-dot. Hindtibia of the q Avith terminal PROTOSTEIRA; APOSTEIRA; TRIMETOPl A. By i . JE Pruci’. spurs, a “small upcurved lappet at the base" of the hindwing (no menticm of any othe)’ s])eeialisation), “veiii 3 present”. Dark vein-spots or streaks on the forewing chiefly deveh)])ed at the costa, on the 2nfl suhmediaii, at the base of the 2nd median and in the distal area. Kilimandjaro, 1 c^, ex])anding 29 mm from ti]) to ti]) io the set specimen. 28. Genus: l*potosleira Pn. Related to the African ‘"Episteira”, with similar characters as regards pal])us, abdominal ])ouch, J hindleg, areole, etc., but with short antenna, long and narrow wings, etc. Hindwing in both sexes with the costal vein anastomosing strongly with the cell, 2nd subcostal stalked, discocellulars not biangulate, 2nd radial from before the middle, 1st median stalked (in the $ sometimes separate); with cell wholly hyaline, 2nd median and sub median wanting, this part of the wing folded over above to form a lappet. Forewing of rj beneath in the type species with a patch of s])ecialised scaling on the end of the median and the bases of its 1st branch and of the 3rd radial, evidently correlated with the larger patch on the hindwing alujve which is con¬ spicuous in our figure. Only one species hitherto known; we are able to add a second. P. spectabilis Warr. (12 d). Unmistakable through the structural characters and the coloration of the spectabilis. 8 hindwing; a secondary fold at the base of the lobe is clothed on its edge with long hair. $ much duller, the forewing olive-greyish, hindwing somewhat more drab. The type came from Natal, srd^secpient material from Transvaal, Kenya, Uganda and even Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. P. achroa sp. n. Expanse 32 mm. Palpus with the hair above less long than in spectahilis. Wings a achroa. trifle less narrow, drab-grey (the hindwing the paler), without any tinge of green or of reddish and without the dark central patch. Hindwing with the 1st median longer-stalked; the lobe not hairy, hut strongly recalling that of sume Indo-Australian Sauris (e. g. arjakensis Joic.d- Tall).). Fernando Po ; Moka, 2 February 1933 (W. H. T. Tams), 1 8 in the British Museum. A $ from 8ao Thome, in poor condition, znentioned in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1927, p. 193, is of a more whitish grey, hut seems evidently to belong here; 1st median of hindwing well stalked. 29. Genus: Apoisteira yen. nov. Related to Protosie^ira. Palpus still longer (5 or 6 times diameter of eye), moderately rough-haired. Hindleg of the G long, spurless, witlumt pencil. Abdomen without pozich at base. Forewing of moderate width, distal margin scarcely oblique anteriorly, curving to become moderately oblique; venation approx¬ imately as in Protosteira, fold strongly curved forward, closely a])proaching median vein and its 2nd branch, separated therefrom by a noticeable furrow (upperside) or ridge (zuiderside). Hindwing rather short, less narrow than in Protosteira ; venation similar, but with 1st median well se])arate; the lobe much as in P. achroa hut somewhat more erect, reminding of Sauris (Tym.panota) erecta Warr. (Borneo). Genotype: A. saurides sj>. n. A. saurides sp. n. (12 d). Unlike any other known s])ecies. The dirty yellowish-olive forewing (probably muridcs. greener when quite fresh) shows the olzlique black cell-mark and a few other irregular black markings, but the general effect is very uniform exce])t costally (where a pale patch stands between the beginnings of ante- and postmedian bands) and ternzinally (where the strong marginal spots are ])receded by a scarcely interrupted dark line and a whitish spot at anal angle). The shajze and character of this wing recall some Sauris, as, for example, S. coalita Prout (1931), except in the absence of a strong sidzbasal mark. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa (Pbrrot brothers), a froizi the OBBRTHftR collection. 30. Genus: Trimetopia Gn. Another very distinct genus. Its superficial aspect deluded Gukkee into placing it among the Henii- theinae. Face smooth. Palpus minute. Tongue wanting. Antenna in both sexes strongly bipectinate. Hind- tibia with terminal spurs only. Forewing with areole simple. Hindwing with discocellulars biangulate, costal vein free, approximated to subcostal at middle third of cell; probably a connective bar, which is retained in the Palaearctic genera Sparta and Leptostegna, has been lost, the close ap'proach of costal to subcostal rendering it unnecessary (compare Odezia, which I now szispect Herrick- Schaeffer may have been right in associating Avith the Larentiinae; see Suppl.-Vol. 4, p. 2). There is probably only one species. T. aetheraria Guen. (12 e). Rather thinly scaled, of a delicate bluish grey, the Avhite lines A^ariable in udhemrbi. position. Founded on Abyssinian specimens, it is now known to be widely distributed in Central and East Africa and reaches southward to Southern Rhodesia. — coerulea Warr., founded on a single A Rom Lamu. coerulea. Kenya Colony, is probably nothing more than an extreme aberration, unusually small (scarcely 20 mm), per¬ haps somewhat narrower-AA'inged than usual, the lines slender, not very sharply expressed, the position of the postmedian uncommonly distal. costalifi. can drier. arej yridiu . sjbstedii. nunnosel- sfa. mcruana. inntili:^. unipeefen. tain.vi. 116 HYDRELIA; ASTHENOTRICHA. By L. B. Rrout. 31. Genus: Hydrelia Hhn. A widely distributed gemis, characteristic chiefly of tem])erate regions, its geiioty])e the Palaearctic fesfaceafa Don., see Vol. 4, p. 267 (further information will he given in Vol. 12). The smooth face (rare in the Larentiinae excepting the present group and that of Sauris, with its long palpi), the simple areole of the fore¬ wing and simple discocellulars of the hindwing are generally sufficient characters for its discrimination. It is possibly connected by Eois (p. S3) with the Sterrhinae, but that genus has the areole much reduced or wanting, the 1st subcostal of the forewing arising beyond the 5th, the 1st median of the hindwing stalked and the an¬ tenna, at least in the generally strongly bipectinate, while Hydrelia has as a rule much more nearly the structure of Asthena Hhn. (Vol. 4, p. 271), through which it is connected with the more typical Larentiinae. Idle African representatives of Hydrelia belong chiefly to the mountains and incline to form transitions to the genus (or section) AsthenotricJia ; see below. H. costalis Auriv. ( 12 e). A glossy white, grey-marked species, beneath Avith the grey colour becoming ])redominant, with a narrow', shar])ly defined white hand just outside the cell. Kilimandjaro, 2700 m and up w'ard . H. candace Prt. (12e) is near the common argyridia (12e), especially to its even the freshest being considerably less dark than argyridia Forewdng with less pronounced lobe or prong in the middle of the postmedian white hand and with better developed sidAterminal ; hindwdng with median band broadened, the AA'hite postmedian bands narrow, two macular subterminals indicated. Abyssinia; Adis Abeba. H. argyridia Butl. (== disparata Warr.) (12e). Described from Mt. Kenya, perhaps its best-known locality, but distributed in the highlands of Kenya Colony, Uganda and the Ruanda district. Moderately variable. For the differentiation of its nearest allies, see candace and sjosteclti. H, sjdstedti Auriv. (12 e) has the dark parts more deeply coloured than in argyridia, the outer prong of the median band much more produced, the wdiite hindwing Amry feebly marked, A\'ith the exception of the narroAV but sharply defined dark border. Kiliniandiaro, at the same altitudes as costalis; also recorded from the district of the Great Craters. — mionoseista Front, from the Kivu district of Belgian Congo, is slightly less blackish, AAuth stronger slaty gloss, the median band and the AA'hite one beyond it not quite so strongly produced, hindAving AA'ith the fringes paler, their proximal half chequered Avith grey opposite the veins. I belieA'e the same race occurs in AA'estern Uganda. H. memana Auriv. only differs from sjdstedti in that the median line of the hindA\dng is entirely Avanting and that the median band of the foroAving disappears behind the 1st median vein, AA'hile the OAitAA'ard prong is perhaps eA'en longer than in sjdstedti; possibly a further race of the same species. Mount Meru, the typical series collected at an altitude of 3000 — -3500 m. H. inutilis Prt. (12 e). In coloration and pattern, in the strongly arched costal margin of the hind- AA'ing and according to Janse in the genitalia a very definite relative of AsthenotricJia , but lacking the o hair-tuft on AA'hich that genus ( ? subgenus) AA-as founded. SomeAAdiat Amriable. C^ganda (type locality), Kenj'a Colony, Tanganyika, TransA^aal, Xatal and Ca])e Colony, the southern forms and one from RuAA'enzori j)erhaps on the Avhole larger, etc., so that at one time I intended to give them a separate name, but I think East Africa SAipplies transitions. H. unipecten Prt. (12 e) seems evidently related to inutilis, but is curiously distinct in that the (J antenna bears A'ery long, slender, curved, uniseriate pectinations, AA'hereas those of all the preceding species and of AsthenotricJia are merely lamellate, almost simple. Founded on a long series of from Mt. Aberdare, besides some from Mt. Kenya; knoAAm also, in both sexes, from some localities in eastern Belgian Congo. The $$ are on an average larger than the 3'3‘, but both sexes areAmriable. • — ^tamsi subsp. nov. (12 f) is moreAA'eakly marked above and beneath, the cell-dots of the upperside, especially in the minute or eveti Avanting, the conspicaious, once-bent line which in unipecten folloAVS the cell-dot of the foreAA'ing faint and AA'aA^y, the pale band AA'hich folloAAS the postmedian of the liindAAing clearer, this AA'ing beneath predominantly pale, AA'ith the subterminal shades quite faint. Sao Thome (W. H. T. Tams), 3 and 5 $2, collected for the British Museum. 32. Genus : Astlieiiotrielia M^arr. As already indicated, this only differs definitely from some Hydrelia (Avith the costa of the liindAA'ing arched) in having a tuft or bimsh of hair on the upperside of the costal part of the G hindAving close to the base, extending obliquely outAA'ard; the anastomosis of the costal AA’ith the subcostal is rather shorter than in AvSTHENOTRIC'HA. By L. B. Bkout. I 17 most Larentiids. Warren adds that the 2iid sid)costal of the hindwing is not stalked, hut this — if not. an error of observation — must refer to a rare abnormality, as I find it quite shortly to quite considerably stalked. In 1915 I proposed making AstJienotricha a section of Hydrelia, but subsequently 1 flecided to conserve it until the relation between the Afrcian and the Palaearctic elements had been more tluu’oughly investigatefl. All the Asthenotricha are African. A. semidivisa Warr. (12 f). Recognizable by the blackish costal tuft of the hindwing, the pale ])atch xcmidh-lsa. around the blackish cell-dot of the forewing and the dark longitudinal streak in front of the 3rd radial of the forewing from the (blunt) angle of the postmedian to the termen. Founded on a A from Kiwalogoma, Uganda; forms which are probably conspecific have been sent from Kavrrondo and ])erhaps (a small ab. 1) from Bitje, Ja River, 8. Cameroons. We figure a well-marked from Nabagulo Forest, near Kampala. — euchroma Profit ei'chn/md. is a trifle larger (25 mm against scarcely 24), more brightly coloured, the pale stramineous ■])arts of the forewing, excepting the tornal region, irregularly suffused with bright ochreous and reddish, the median area predominantly bright red-purple, the longitiidinal streak rather thick, varied with ])ur]de and reddish. Mikeno Mountain, N. Kivu. A. straba Frt. (12f). Very similar to the preceding. Distal margins slightly more crenulate, groTind- ■'simhti. colour more uniformly suffused wdth bright ochreous, lines more slender, cell-dot much smaller, placed close to the proximal margin of the white spot, longitudinal streak very slender, hair-tuft of hindwing strong, bright oehreoiis with very little dark admixture. Kivu (loc. typ.). Mounts Kenya and Aberdare and Angola. A. atisorgei Warr. was founded on a worn A ft'om Nandi Country, Ftganda, and it is not yet quite certain unsoryei. that it may not have been a form of the preceding (in which case the name ansorgei would have priority), al¬ though the hair-tuft of the hindvdng seems to have been drdl yellow, with fuscous ti])s. I believe, however, that an Asthenotricha which is distributed in Kenya Colony and known from Toro (Uganda), Kilimandjaro, and I think Ruwenzori is a more probable claimant ; except that the proximal band of the hindwing is a little less excurved in the middle, it seems to agree well with the type. Perhaps intermediate between senhidivisa and straba. A. flavicoma lUarr. ( 12 f) is the first of a difficult group of close allies which have not yet been com- flavicotna. pletely disentangled. The general tone of flavicoma is perhaps “vinaceous-buff" of Ridgway, vith a tinge of "vinaceous-fawn'’, the hair-tuft of the hindwing “antimony yellow"’. Markings not very sharp, cell-dots small, beneath weak, 1st postmedian line of forewing well beyond cell-dot, somewhat angled near costa. A dark median spot at hindmargin of forewing is indicated or strong. Uganda (the type from Ran, Nandi Country), Busiro, Entebbe, etc.; also from a few locahties in Belgian Congo and 8. Cameroons. A. amblycoma s'p. n. (I2f). Expanse 24 — 25 mm. Perhaps near semidivisa, straba and ansorgei in the amblycoma. concise band (or double line) of the hindwing and the degree of development of the rather dull hair-tuft; the relatively uniform coloration of the forewing is more as in flavicoma and some pycnoconia. Ajiparently some¬ what va’iable, but the smaller size, duller colour (no clean cinnamon or ochraceous tone observable except on the very narrow band which edges the postmedian line), less firm postmedian line and especially the almost simple cj antenna and very different hair-tuft separate it readily from the other new Fernando Po Astheno¬ tricha, described below. Mr. Tams obtained 3 Moka, 29 January — ^3 February 1933. A possible race, in poor condition, occurs at Bitje, 8. Cameroons, with perhaps more superficial resemldance to flavicoma; 1 (J, from the Joicey collection. A. pycnoconia {Prout, M8.) Janse (12 g). Lamellae of the A antenna a little less strong than in flavi- pycnoconia. coma and anisobapta, costal lobe of ^ valve (according to Janse) longer and narrower than in flavicoma. 8hghtly browner than that species, ante- and postmedian lines rather sharply expressed, their colour a characteristic bright hazel, the anteniedian rather sinuous, postmedian of forewing with a small outward angle at the 1st radial, of both wings edged distally by a fine, very pale yellow line. C^osta of hindwing possibly still more strongly arched than in flavicoma, forewing above with grey patch of specialised scaling still more noticeable than in that species. My studies were founded chiefly on material from Uganda and especially the Kilmyu Escarpment, but Janse has described from Woodbush and other localities in the Transvaal, and his form perhaps differs from the East African in having the median area rather narrower, especially in the the anteniedian closer to the cell-spot. Capo Colony also produces this species. A. lophopterata On. (12 g). This, the earliest-known Asthenotricha, ivas described by Cfenee as an lophoptera- Acidalia! Although the original came from Madagascar, its headquarters seem to be on Reunion. Warren, in erecting his flavicoma, suggested that it might possibly be identical Avith lophopterata, but the latter is a larger species, more fuscous and more strongly marked, perhaps more similar to pycnoconia . Further com¬ parisons are offered under the folloAUng form, which I take to be the continental subspecies of lophopterata . — ■ anisobapta Prt. (= flavicoma Sivh., Hmps., nec Warr.) (12 g). Postmedian line of foreAidiig generally anl-iohapta. A8THEN0TRICHA. By L. B. Fkout. malostiii 111(1 , xcrrat'icor- (((«. dcntuiissi- ma. hftranac. 'psephoiuc- nid. /cr)((()((li. fj'ipo(j<(t( (((s I IS more sinuous (appreciably incurved between the radials, dentate outward at bst radial etc.), costa of hindwing whitened, in the also a whitish admixture in the distal area of that wing, especially its proximal and apical parts. Kenya (blony, especially the Kikuyu Country; also in Uganda, Kivn, Tanganyika Territory (Kiliman- djaro) and perhaps Eritrea. Apart from a slight difference in the ^ antenna (see above), pycnoconia may he distingiushed from anisohapta by having the subordinate lines of the forewing weak, the postmedian less broken, that of the hindwing not crenulate ; cell-s])ots less large, patch of specialised scaling of forewing very strong and blackish, black scaling in cell of forewing beneath also stronger, anisohapta varies a little in the amount of cinnamon in the drab ground-colour and the specialised (J scaling behind the median and at the base of its branches may he more greyish or more buff; there is always — most prominently in the — a darkening of the median band of the forewing posteriorly, though in varying degree, a character which is scarcely notice¬ able in /. lophopterata . A. malostigma Prout (13 a). Cold grey, nearer to the colour of c ostal is t\\a,n of the preceding group, the cell-spot of the forewing large and white but not (as in the senhidivisa group) with a dark pupil. Kivu district, at altitudes of 2(h)() m and upwards. A. serraticornis Warr. (= dentatissima Jatise, nec Warr.) (Ug) differs from all the previous Asfheno- fricha in having the ^ antennal teeth at least as long as the diameter of the shaft, as well as in the bright orange ground-colour. Somewhat variable. I s;is])ect that the form from the Transvaal (Louis Trichardt, Lemana, Bolitzi), which on account of Swinhoe's erroneoiis sinking of serraticornis got misidentified as "dlenta- tissima", is a separable race (])erhaps agreeing with that from Nyasa), smaller, less deep orange, the specialised scaling of the hind, wing ])erhaps browner (thmxgh less extended and less red than in dentatissima), but as I have very little material before me I refrain from giving it a name. Normal serraticornis was described from Kenya. A. dentatissima Warr. (12g). Antenna almost as in serraticornis, the teeth perhaps scarcely as long. Abdomen generally with stronger Avhite spots. Hindwdng with basal costal convexity more extreme, cell less sluu’t, costal anastomosing rather less strongly (to little beyond middle of cell), specialised scaling of its upper- side red, not blackish, and reaching considerably beyond the cell and also (at least distally) to the median vein. Ji’escribed from Mpwapwa, Tanganyika Territory, bxxt meets serraticornis in Kenya and occurs also in Uganda. A. bartisae sp. n. (12g). Antennal teeth of U almost as long as in serraticornis. Rather smaller than that species, without dark patch at base of medians of forewing, the yellow hair-pencil of the hindwing small, set on a small patch of black scaling. Lines darker than in serraticornis, w'ithout any reddish admixture, the first line beyond the cell firm, very straight excepting the angle at the 1st radial of the forewing. Kibati, lava plains beneath Birunga Volcanoes, 5000 feet, March — -April 1924 (Mrs. Barns), type; LumbAva, Kenya (G. W. Jeffery) 1 ,J; both in the British Museum. A. psephotaenia sp. n. (12 g). Expanse 2(1 — -29 mm. Antenna as in .serraticornis. Whitish, strongly irrorated Avith pale sandy buff, the abdominal irroration more grey. ForeAving of with an extended ])atch of Avarmer buff s])ecialised scales behind the median and the l)ase of its 1st Ixranch and entering the cell; cell-dot small l)ut sharp; markings rather blurred and ill-defined, especially in the (J. Hindwing Avith costal hair-txdf of ^ rather large, ochraceous-orange. Underside weakly marked, but with the band-like postdiscal shade on both A\-ings fairly Avell deA^eloped; foreAving Avith coarse dark scaling in cell (especially posterior part) and along proximal ])art of the area from 3rd radial to 2nd median. Kivu district, at altitudes of 4000 — -7000 feet, collected by Mr. and Mrs. Barns, the tyjxe from Ijoavowo Valley, S. Lowa district, W. Kivu. Also from Toro (Uganda) and Ruwenzori, tlie latter mixed by Hampson Avith ansorgei, of Avhich the has sim])ler antenna, lacks the specialised buff scaling of the foreAving and has a less bright costal tuft on the hindwing. A. fernandi sp. n. (13 a). Expanse 26 — 28 mm. TTie large, warm-huff to antimony-yelloAV tuft suggests the jlavicoma group and the coloration is not dissimilar (e. g. as in the brightest pycnoconia)-, the genitalia, too, resemble those of fJaviconia, though the process on the valve is longer and more ])ointed, etc.; the antennal teeth, on the other hand, are at least as long as those of .ser7'a tic or nis. Fernando Po : Moka, 29 January — -2 Fe¬ bruary 1933 (W. H. T. Tams), 2 in the British Museum, the paratype not so brightly coloured as the figured type. A 5, l>robably cons])ecific, is more ochraceous-buff, A\dth narrow dark-grey postmedian shade. A. tripogonias Prout (12 h). Antenna of the ^ simple. Remai’kably distinct in the development of additional red hairtufts, Avhich form dense suberect masses from the costa of the foreAving, overhanging the cell both above and beneath. Rexxnion, the type (J collected on 28 May 1922. 3 $9 Avhich probably beloixg Avith it (one takeix on the same day, the other two at the end of April), are darker and more xxixiformly rxxfoxxs, Avith black irroration, conspicxioxxs black cell-dots above and beneath, nxore lines deAmloped, distal area Avith the veins more stroixgly light- and dark-dotted than in the J. ('HtONOPORA. By L. B. I’roi t. 1 1!) A. ( ?) torata Prouf (12 h). Antenna of the J simple. Forewing less hroad than in the other s])ecies, lorala. distal margin waved; an extensive specialised area in anterior part of the cell, coarse sidjerect tippeddark scales at proximal part of costa, succeeded (on and behind the specialised area) by more floccous hair-tufts. Hindwing with margin subcremdate, especially behind the middle; no hair-tuft. Madagascar: Htaticm Perinet. 149 km E. of Tananarivo, ordy the type known. Not strictly congeneric with the rest, perhaps an inde])etident development of Hydrelia. 33. Genus: (lliiouopora Proui. Face smooth. Palpus minute, hairy. Tongue wanting. Antenna of (J pectinate. Hindtibia with term¬ inal spurs only. Abdomen rather robust. Wings rather narrow. Forewing with distal margin vei'v obliquely curved; cell long, areole double, 2nd radial from before middle of discocellulars, 1st median remote from ;b'd radial. Hindwing relatively small; cell over fk, discocellulars oblique, 2nd subcostal moderately to extremely long stalked, 2nd radial central (a continuation of the strong cell-fold). Erected for a single, very isolated species and referred, on account of the rather strong anastomosis of the costal of the hindwing with the cell, to the Larentiinae. Subsequent consideration, however, suggests that it may be one of those unconnected offshoots of the Sterrhinae (such as Anihemoctena , Rho(low,etra , Lij- caugidia) which have developed that anastomosis. The long cells, well-developed 1st discocellular of forewing and extreme stalking of the 2nd subcostal of the hindwing favour this latter view, while the wing-])attern is neither normal nor inconceivable for either subfamily. The gnathos is wanting, but this is the case with many Sterrhinae as well as with the Larentiinae. C. tarachodes Prout (12 h). $ unknown. Only Avorn specimens are accessible to me, but the structure tamchodr and shape, as well as the irregiilar, band-like green markings will render the species very easy to recognize. Discovered near Louren9o Marques in January, afterwards taken at St. Lucia Bay in October. 120 ADDENDA. Bv L. B. Pkout. nijiliosplwc- rafi. meraca. rhndozoHd. ih'loti/ixi. Bhe following addenda should have appeared at the close of the respective subfamilies; for various jjractical reasons, it is not thought desirable to hold them back any further. A number of the species and forms will be figured on the sup])lementary plates. Addenda to the Oenochrominae. 'fo ]U 4, P e f 0 V i a : P. niphosphaeras Prout. Strikingly distinct in the large white apical patch. Also aberrant in its consid¬ erably broader wings, less strongly oblique discocellulars and a few other details, but best referred here. Prob¬ ably mimetic. Underside quite like iipper. Ukami, Tanganyika Territory, only the type $ known. To ]). 9, 1) i p i y c h i s: Janse has erected a new tribe (as Diptychini) for this genus and two or three others (Zerenopsis Warr.. Veniliodes Warr. and ])erha])s (Jallioratis Feld.) which — especially the first-named — show manifest affinities with it in the genitalia. No doubt he is essentially right, but as a subfamily revision by the genitalia would involve a far-reaching series of studies, and could not be perfected vdthout co-ordination of other structural groupings, I have not altered materially the Lederer-Meyrick liasis. After 1). ye a rn, e t r i n a : D. meraca Prout is unicolorous orange; cell of forewing rather less long than in geometrina, distal margin slightly more rounded anteriorly; hindwing with the 2nd radial weaker. Fez, Mozambique, 1 $ in the Museum d'Histoire Natiirelle de Geneve. Addenda to the Hemitheinae. 'fo p. 11, after P . r h. n. d a m, a r i a : P. rhodozona J . Joan. Only known to me from a photogTa])h and the very fidl and careful description. Lines of upperside exactly as in rhadamaria, of which it may well be a race or aberration, nearest to ab. rufi- fascia Prout. Face above with a black “line” (in rhadamaria a moderate oi broad band). Wings with a slight brown irroratiqn, w'hich leaves a clean white line (or very narrow' band?) outside each line; the band beyond the postmedian macular, not continuous, “testaceous rose”. Black sid^terminal band of underside reaching from costa to 1st median on forew'ing, on hindwrng reduced to slight spots on 2nd subcostal and 1st and 2nd radial, a rather stronger one on 1st median. Mauritius, 1 $. T(_) P. a h y .s .s* i n i a r i a : delotypa suhsp. nov. has the black cell-spots and lines, together wdth the l)lackish irroration of the sidderminal area, much more strongly developed than in the other races, the subterminal line broad. Fernando Po, 3000 — 40(K) feet, June 1926 (T. A. Barks), 2 $$ in the British Museum, expanding 50 and 56 mm, both with more I'ed than green irroration, but this may ]U'obably vary, as in other races and allied s])ecies. Publ. 20. I. 1938. ADDENDA. By L. B. Prout. 12] Do 31. c a t a r a c f a e : rhusiodocha Prout is probably a distingRishable race; greener than tlie name-type, forewing witli the rlmPio- 2nd subcostal stalked (in cataraciae type connate), both wings with complete, though unequal, series of r e d spots outside the postmedian, underside in the ^ weakly marked. Kenya: the type and 2 $$ from Kibwezi, 1 $ from Makindu, S. of Nairobi; all are in the Tring Museum. From Tsumebi (S. W. Africa) comes more typical cafaracfae. To p. 12, after X. d y s c h I o r a t a : X. roseimargo Janse. Janse has separated the Rhodesian (Salisbury) Xenochroim from dyschlo- roiHp'inifiri/n. rata and, although he did not know the latter, I find that he is qiiite correct in this. The forewing in true dysclilorata (only definitely known from a Mfongosi ^ in very poor condition) has tlie termen appreciably bent at the 3rd radial, while in the present species this is not at all the case (cj) or quite unnoticealy ($); the hind¬ wing in both sexes of roseimargo is shaped as in flanimargo (2 b), with a slight bend at the 1st radial, while that of dyscMorata is more fully convex, with no bend at the 1st radial. The upper lobe of the valve lacks the "‘curved claw” which is developed in both candid, ata and dysclilorata . The type of roseimargo is a weakly marked example, with the irroration and lines grey, the latter weak (on the hindwing scarcely discernible) only the costal margin rosy, the fringes not described (perhaps defective). The species is variable in colour and in the strength of the markings. — ab. roseilinea nov. (2 b, as dysclilorata) has the irroration, strong or moderately roseUinra. strong lines and tips of the fringes much more pink; the line of the hindwing provides a further distinction, in that it always runs straight across the wing, while in dysclilorata it is bent about the 1st median. Besides the Salisbury examples I know only a fine $ from Zomba. X. palimpai's Prout. Considerably smaller and combining nearly the shape of candidata with nearly palimpms. the coloration of dysclilorata. Only the type known, a $ from Gadau, Northern Nigeria. After V . t r i p la g a : V. argopastea sp. n. (15 b) has about the size of sematoperas, the shape of triplaga, the violet-grey borders argopastea. continuous, only a little constricted in the middle, that of the hinclwing narrow; cell-spots, costal border of forewing and abdominal of hindwing, a line though fringe and weak grey lines (one only on hindwing) sprinkled with silvery scales. Tanganyika Territory: Morogoro, 16 January 1910 (S. G. Reuss), type $ in Zool. Mus. Berlin. V. compsa Prout. $, 42 inm. Near immunijica (2 c). Pectinations rudimentary. Crests rather strongly rompsa. dark, with some metallic admixture. Wings rather less bluish green than in immunijica ; cell-marks somewhat enlarged;, postmedian dots enlarged, rather strongly accompanied distally with white; terminal line broken into spots or dots, strongest posteriorly; forewing with a large dark spot at tornus, almost reaching the 1st median. Bn] a, Belgian Congo, only the type known. V.rhodoblenimasp. n. (15 b). Very near immunijica and harloivi; hindwing with abdominal margin relatively rJwdohtem- a little longer, concavity between the radials (and tooth at 1st radial) slighter; rosy costa, cell-spots and fringes less mixed with blackish than in immunijica, the cell-spots smaller; whitish lines better expressed than in the allies, almost continuous, with no dark dots, the fuscous terminal line slight, but not noticeably interrupted by pale or white dots at the veins. Vertex rosy, mixed with black, as in immunijica ; abdominal crests blackish Riscous, little mixed with reddish. Zomha (H. Barlow), the unique ty])e (a in tlie British Muserim. To p. 13, after A. engenes: A.hemistrigata il/of>. (18 a). I have now seen a specimen and am able to figure it; its affinities are as I as- hemistriga- sumed. Palpus minute. Tongue vestigial, or possibly wanting. 1st abdominal crest developed. Very like a diminutive engenes (which may possibly have to sink), perhaps slightly narrower, apical patches slightly broader, that of the forewing more suffused (excejjt the white proximal border), that of thehindAving with the AA'hite proximal patch rather more rotund. Madagascar, the type from Antongil. To p. 14, after A. z o n a t a : A. (■?) epicydra sp.n. (5e). Palpus minute. Tongue wanting (?). Face reddish broAA’n; veiTex Avhite. epicydra. Crests large, glossy, AA'ith projecting hairs above. Hindtibia \Adth the proximal spin’s apparently atrophied. Forewing with the 1st median vein very shortly stalked; pale green, somew’hat hyaline, the pattern entirely unlike that of any species heretofore knowm, the coloration slightly recalling that of Peratopliyga xantliyala (Hmps., 1896), the crests more as in some South American Oospila (Vol. 8, p. 55 — 59). Underside AA'hitish, the foreAving Avith a blackish srdAterminal spot betAveen the radials, a smaller one in front of it and a third at hindmargin, as on the upperside; reminiscent of Hyaloclilora (Vol. 8, p. 50). S. Cameroons: Lolodorf (Konrad S. G. Erich), type a A Zool. Mus. Berlin. Probably a specialised development of A.rliiclilora . XVI 16 ADDENDA. By L. B. Pbout. aenof:pUa. rhathyma. iisiura. oeorrhoda. claviraniis. mannoplio- ra. alcaea. 1 22 To p. 16, Lop h 0 r r h a c h i a Sect. A, add : L. aenospila B.-Bakr., described as a Prasinocyiiia, is certainly near ruhricorpus but sufficiently dis¬ tinct. Rather less bright green. Abdomen with a rather large blackish blotch dorsally. Face, palpus and wings with the red markings replaced by blackish, those of the wings small; lines brown, with well-marked darker vein-dots; fringes with dark spots oj^posite the veins. Angola; ? Cameroons. L. rhathyma s'p. n. 32 mm. Structure as in the two preceding. Abdomen with the white spots nearly as in ruhricorpus but small, not ringed with red. Face and palpus black-mixed, as in aenospila. Lines and fringes also as in aenospila, the spots still further reduced, almost obsolete. French Giiinea; N'zerekore, 1900 feet, at light, 29 May — 1 Dme 1920 (C. L. Collenette), type ex coll. Joicey. Also known from Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast. Perhaps a race of aenospila, but the palpus appears a trifle shorter. Add : C. Hindtibia of )mth sexes with 3 spurs. Antenna of ^ merely shortly ciliate, of $ simple. L. usiura sp. n. (5 f). Size of the two preceding. Face red. Palpus in the $ very long. Hindtibia of ^ with terminal spurs very short. Crown of head with a red line between the white anterior and the narrow green posterior part. Forewing with the costal margin more roiinded, fuscous, not white; postmedian line incurved between tlie radials. Hindwing with sharper angle at 3rd radial. Both wings without blotch. Abdomen in the $ with smaller blackish blotch than in aenospila. Cameroons: Johaini Albrechts-Hohe, type-^J in coll. Brit.Mus.; Namiong, near Lolodorf, on Lokundje River, a $ in Zool. Mus. Berlin. Angola; N'dalla Tando, a $ in Brit. Mus. D. (J unknown. Hindtibia of $ with 2 spurs. L. oeorrhoda sj)- n. 42 mm. Aberrant in the rather short terminal joint of the palprrs, but pretty evidently a link between Lophorrhacliia and Adicocrita. Face apparently blackish (head somewhat damaged). Antenna simple. Abdomen robust, the crests white, bordered with red. Forewing shaped nearly as in rnbri- corpus, 1st subcostal anastomosing with costal and with 2nd subcostal, 1st median widely separate; markings and venation much as in A. araria and A. koranaia (2 g), which I nov believe to be a smaller specimen of araria; vein-dots more elongate; antemedian fairly distinct, oblique outward from costa to fold, then inward; post¬ median incurved at both folds; terminal line red (fringe damaged). Hindwing slightly more elongate costally than in ruhricorpus; 1st median well separate; cell-dot, postmedian and terminal line as on forewing; a rather large red, strongly black-diisted posterior spot, about 2 mm in diameter, irregularly roundish, not placed, as in ruhricorpus and others, at abdominal margin but e t w e e n median a n d sub m e d i a n , followed distally by a smaller and less distinct one near the postmedian. N. of Lake Nyasa; Langenburg, Plkinga, Buanyi-Poroto, high plateau, 25 September 1899 (S. Goetze), type in Mus. Berlin, rubbed but well recognizable. To p. 19, H. t u r p i s a r i a : claviramis /. ( ? sp.) nov. has the pectinations of the (J antenna more noticeably clavate, the postmedian line of the forewing somewhat less sinuous, rather near the terinen, the forewing beneath largely reddish (poster¬ iorly suffused with dark grey), with strong blackish transverse bands, especially so the postmedian, which is placed like the line of upperside. Fernando Po ; Moka, January — -February 1933 (W. H. T. Tams), 1 (J in the British Museum. After H. zapluia: H. matinophora Prout. The xxnicpie type, a ^ from Kafakxxmba, Belgian Congo, expanding 23 mm, has the abdomen broken and is in large part discoloured by inoisture, but is strikingly distinct; it has somewhat the appearance of a pectinate, not qixite characteristically shaped Chlorodrepana but is best placed here; ex¬ ceptional in shape and in having the 1st median vein of the hindwing well separate. Forewing rather broad, costa strongly' arched, apex only minutely produced, termen not appreciably excaved behind the apex, very gently curved from 1st radial, little oblique; dull grey-green, costal edge red to near apex; lines obsolete; some irregrxlar blackish subcostal dots; a white dot in cellule 3 at 2 mixi from terjnen. Hindwing only weakly and not quite regularly convex, anal angle sharp but scarcely produced, abdominal jnargin not very strongly elongate, 2nd subcostal only very shortly stalked; concolorous with forewing: no markings. Before A. s i m pil i c i m a r g o : A. alcaea Prout (5 e), only known from a single $, is almost certainly referable here, though the palpus and antenna are short, the latter in its distal part with strongly serrate teeth or rudimentary jxectinations. Readily known by its large size, its shape and unmarked wings, only with the red terminal line and fringes ADDENDA. By L. B. Prout. 123 and costal edge of forewing. Sontli Central Angola. I have seen also a second Anlh,arm,ostes $ with sliglitly pectinate antenna, but as I cannot otherwise distinguish it from that of interalbican.s, the time is not ripe for dealing with it and we must await a knowledge of its (^. To 13. 20, G el a s m a , add : G. vagistriga sp. n. Face gi-een, narrowly wlnte below. Palpus scarcely reaching beyond face, rough- vagiairiya. scaled. Vertex and base of antenna white; pectinations moderate. Hindtibia scarcely dilated. Wings broad, rather thinly scaled, their grey-green colour scarcely Inighter than pea-green; costal edge of forewing liglit brown, with a few dark scales; cell-marks and a narrow, sinuous postmedian stripe indistinctly darker green, on the forewing also indications of an irregular antemedian; terminal line blackish, extremely fine and inter¬ rupted, a little thickened in the tail of the hindwing; fringes white proximally, grey distally. Underside whitish green, unmarked. Cameroons: Banso Mountains, 6000 feet, August 1922 (U. L. Bates), type in coll. I^rout. The first true Gelasma known from Africa. To p. 22, after P. v e r m i cul a r i a : P. permitis Prout. Expanse 29 — 30 mm. Very like a small neavei, but with the green ])art of the face pernutis. mixed with white, the 3rd joint of the palpus (especially in the J') not quite so long, the forewing with the costal edge less pure white, more tinged with buff, the hindwing with the termen still less bent at the 3rd radial, its cell-dot not appreciably produced outward; 1st median of hindwing sometimes jiist stalked. Kiliman- djaro (loc. typ.) and Nairobi. To p. 25, after P. t r i f i li f i yn b r i a : P. leucophracta Prout, founded on a $ from Wambogo, Kikuyu Country, differs from trifilijimbria leucopJimc- in its considerably longer palpus (with the 3rd joint alone almost as long as the diameter of the eye), sharper angle at the 3rd radial of the hindwing, less bluish tinge, reduced cell-spots (on the hindwing wanting) and by the fringes, which are white almost to their base and only weakly grisescent at the tips. Antenna, in ad¬ dition to minute ciliation, with single bristles almost as long as the diameter of the shaft. Similar forms are known from Unyoro and Nandi Country. To p. 27, before M. m el a n o p i s : M. impotens Protit. Anomalous in that the antenna is pectinate (thoiigh very shortly) and in some iuuwtens. other details, but a.pparently best placed here. Hindtibia strongly dilated, the terminal spurs short, tarsus very short. Face orange-red. The rather broad hindwing, whitish green coloiir, etc., distingivish it from the other species. N. E. Madagascar. Frenulum conspicuous (dark-coloured). To (3. 30, after C. a r t i c u I i c o r n i s : C. ruficristata Prout, registered as “ah. ( ?)” under articulicornis , is a good species. Janse differentiates ruficrislata. it, in addition to the reddish crests, by the more bluish green colour, the broader postmedian, not accompanied by a darker green shade, and the less green iinderside. The genitalia, though similar, show several well-marked distinctions, Pretoria (type) and Durban. To p. 31, after N. r h o d o m a d i a : N. aphthona Prout. Expanse 26 mm. Very near rhodomadia, possibly a subspecies. Forewing with aphthona. costa more broadly white; fine white lines well developed, the antemedian straight, the postmedian rinusually proximally placed; terminal blotches enlarged, a very small additional one present between 5th subcostal and 1st radial, the tornal one variegaded, with a green centre. Hindwing with corres]3onding distinctions, the single line scarcely beyond the middle of the wing. Kalongo, Uganda, 1 To G. d i d i t a : A synonym is chloe Th.-Mieg, erroneously described as HetercracMs. 1 have seen the type of cJiloe and can find no difference. Delagoa Bay is therefore to be added to its known range. To p. 32, for H. s i w pi i ci s s i m a : H. bilobata Janse (3 k, as simplicissima). This has been described as a new Ompliax, in which case it htlohafa. wmrdd be the only Ompliax with pectinate $ antenna. My simplicissima was described many years ago from a $ in Prol. Janse’s collection which has apparently not subsequently been matched; I gather from his com¬ munications that I have since misidentified it. Probably my type had more green on the vertex and less minute palpus, but I can indicate no other distinctions. 124 ADDENDA. By L. B. Prout. Plata. coaradti. i/uadripla- ga. analiplagu. aptaga. irilohata. parlicepti. deuterurga. To p. 33, after H e t e r o r a c h i s j u s c o t e r m i n a t a : H. platti Janse is near juscoterminata, but has the hindwing slightly concave between the radials, is rather broad-wdnged, much brighter than that species, including its stronger terminal line and more sharply chequered fringes; costal edge of forewing browm (in juscoterviinoAa whitish); vertex in front and shaft of an¬ tenna cream-coloxir, not red-brown as in despoliata. Only known from a Durban bred by Mr. E. E. Platt from larvae found on Canthmm obovatum. After I u n a t i m a r g o : H. conradti sp. n. Expanse 21 mm. Similar in shape to lunatimargo (4 b), but rather narrower-winged and nuich smaller. Palpus more minute (about as in idmo7i), tongue relatively strong. Antennal pectinations 2 to 3 times diameter of shaft. Hindtibia, as in hmatimargo, with strong hair-pencil. Further agrees with that species in that the 1st subcostal of the forewing is stalked with the others, anastomosing with the costal (in the ty])e also with the 2nd siibcostal) ; 1st median connate (type) or very shortly stalked (paratype). Hind¬ wing with 1st median stalked. Coloration as in the two species named, the brown, dark-sprinkled borders se]ja- rated from the ground-colour by a creimlate dark line; breadth of border on forewing anteriorly 2 mm, be¬ tween 3rd radial and 1st median 1 mm, posteriorly widening to 2,5 mm; on hindwing similar, but with the larger expansion apical. N. Cameroons; Johann-Albrechts-Hohe (L. Conradt), type in Brit. Mus., paratype in Zool. Mus. Berlin. A $ from Cameroons, Bang Manenguba dist., 700 m, August 1910 (S. G. Schafer, Mus. Berk), agreeing in structure, is rather larger, slightly broader-winged, the borders less broad; antenna simple, a further indication that — like lunatimargo — this is not a true Heterorachis. To p. 34, after G el i d o m p h a x r u b > i m a c u I a t a : C. quadriplaga Janse is intermediate between ruhrmiactdata (4 b) and. aiialiplaga in that the terminal macidation is reduced, but not so completely as in analipJaga. Forewing with a vinaceous-fawn, proximally some¬ what black-mixed spot at tornus (its diameter scarcely 2 mm) and a very small and ill-developed cell-spot. HindAving with the spot at tornus consideral)ly smaller still and with a small streak on middle third of abdominal margin. Founded on a single cj from Umkomaas, Natal, measuring 38 mm. The genitalia sIioav some appre¬ ciable differences when compared with ruhrimaculata: socii larger and stouter ; sacculus more rounded, and prov¬ ided wdth more teeth. Otherwise I shoidd have supposed it an extreme aberration of nibrimaculata , as I have an intermediate from Durban. C.analiplaga Warr. (18a). Thetype, which we shall figure, is a $ from Massasi, Tanganyika Territory, with the oblique red-brown blotch at the anal angle of the forewing reaching the 2nd median vein and a feAV red scales on the fold near the angle representing a corresponding spot on the hindwing. — ab. aplaga 7iov. (= anali- plaga Ja7ise) is the form with these anal spots entirely wanting. I have chosen as its type a second example from Massasi. Janse implies that this is the only form known from Sawmills, S. Rhodesia; from ShamA^a, hoAvever, I have the name-typical form. After 0. V i c i 71 i t a r i a : 0. trilobata Janse. Expanse 29 mm. Similar to vicinitaria, as proAusionally determined, but Avith narroAver AA'ings, both the distal margins straighter, pectinations (outer series) less short, the longest exceeding tAA'ice the diameter of the shaft (in vicinitaria 1) and with different genitalia. Both species are described as deep glaucous green and virtually Avithout markings, but trilobata sIioaar indications of dark cell-spots. Durljan, a ^ bred from Tragia durbane7isis . After 0. n i g r i c 0 r n i s : 0. particeps Prout. Like rubriceps (4 c), but AAdtli the croAvn and antennal shaft Avhite, the A\'hitish abdomen AA'ithout a trace of cinnamon or reddish crests, termen Avithout the dark dots AA'hich are often deA-e- loped in ruh'iceps; fringe white, at base slightly encroached u])on by the green colour, in distal half flushed AA'ith pinkish. Belgian Congo (type) and N. Nigeria. Distinguished from leucocraspeda l)y its more robust binld, more strigiilated A\dngs, pink-tipped fringes and shorter, stoixter pectinations. To p. 35, P. c a I I i s t a : deuterurga Prout, Avhich Avas published as a separate species, is shoAvn by Janse's studies of the geni¬ talia to be merely an aberration of callisia (4 c), ])erhaps even a synonym if the apparent differences are due to the condition of the individual examples. ILLA; MAUNA. By L. B. Prout. 125 To p. 41, Sy 71 collesis: S. tiviae Prout. Expanse 26 nini. Antennal pectinations of the rudimentary (shorter than diameter liriac. of shaft). Foremng anteriorly more rounded than in ulia (41, as bellista), postmedian line less whitish, not appreciably dark-edged proximally (therefore less distinct), curved, approximately ])arallel with termen. Recently described on a from Ndola, N. Rhodesia; a second example subsequently sent from Elisabeth ville. Should be jdaced next to idia, but the antenna and wing-shape show that it is not merely a subsiiecies. To p. 43, H e m i s t 0 I a : H. semialbida Protii (2 g, as semialbata), accidentally omitted from our text, is well recognizable semialbida. from oiir figure, though the apex of the forewing is shown somewhat too acute. Expanse 37 — 40 mm. From tricohrifrons, the only other known African Hemisiola which equals (or surpasses) it in size, it is very different in its less broad wings, opaque scaling, absence of strigulation, white hindwing, etc. Only $$ yet known. Cape Colony: Griqualand East (the type) and Port Elizabeth; Orange Free State; Sepani. 5. Subfamily: Geometrinae. This immense subfamily, embracing almost all the CTeometridae in which the 2nd radial of the hind¬ wing is wanting or obsolescent, is moderately well represented in Africa, although ■ — as has been mentioned in our Introduction, p. 1 — -a number of the most characteristic groups of the other regions, including all the excej)tionally large forms, not to mention the Ourajyferyx of the Palaearctio and Indo-Malayan fauna and many others, are entirely wanting. Very characteristic is the dominance here of the nearly cosmopolitan genus Se7niothisa, which in Africa is not only very strong in species but also in the abundance of several individual species, and of the beautiful Zarnarada, elsewhere represented only by a few Indo-Malayan species. Some indigenous developments will also arrest attention, as for instance the robust and singularly shaped Theiiopa group, the relatively large, ♦slenderly built Melinoessa and — especially in South Africa • — a grou]3 typified by the genus Drepanogynis Guen., with a special venational development in the The general affinities are with the Indo-Australian fauna, as evidenced by the Neocleora section of Gleora, by Luxiai'ia, Lo7nograplia. section Heterostega7ie, Hyposidxa (sens, lat.) and numeroi;s other elements. The Psilocerea group seems to bear more resemblance to some Neotropical genera, but the phylogeny is not yet sufficiently rinderstood to allow of dogmatism. Syrrliodia (sens, lat.), which includes one or two African “pests”, is common also in South America and the Indo-Australian Region. 1. Genus: Ilia Warr. Tongue present. Head, palpus (except the 3rd joint), thorax and femory shaggy-haired. Antenna of G unilamellate. Hindtibia with hair-pencil; all spurs present. Forewing with cell rather long, a ridge at cell¬ fold beneath, from which a fringe of hairs overhangs the median vein; costal free, 2nd subcostal from cell, anastomosing with 2nd and with stalk of 3rd — 4th. Hindwing with costal approximated to subcostal for some distance before middle of cell, 2nd sribcostal not stalked. Unknown to me, but I have adapted the characters from Janse. Only the type species known. I. nefanda Warr. (12 h). Very robust, recalling a Noctuid or Notodontid. Probably related to Matina nefandu. Section B, but differing in the subcostal venation of the forewing. Cape Town, only two specimens knoAvn, both cJ; the type was bred, but unfortunately no information is published regarding the larva. 2. Genus: Manila Walk. Most characters as given under Ilia. Vestiture probably somewhat less shaggy. Face somewhat pro¬ tuberant. Forewing beneath with the long hair (when developed) more longitudinal, covering the cell; 2nd sub¬ costal generally anastomosing or connected with 3rd- — -dth, but quite free from the 1st. The typical section shows further distinctions, but section B comes nearer to Ilia. A. Antenna of ^ pectinate to near apex, with short branches. Wings narrow. 126 MAUN A. By L. B. Prout. jiltd. scelestaria. hemixan- tharia. (IVd. piinciiltafa. perquisUa. reprobaia. piciiiim- hria. urdescens. diasporas. electa. M. filia Cram. (— acivminata Wal^. (12 h). Variable, but easily recognized by its shape and structni'e. The usual $ form (Cramer's type) is brown, more or less reddish. — ab. scelestaria Feld, is a form with the forewing grey; fairly constant in the cj, rare in the — ab. hemixantharia Feld. (13 a) is a more striking ab¬ erration, founded on a $ from Knysna, the forewing bright yellow. I believe the $$ of this species are generally more brightly coloured than the but little material is yet available, filia seems to be confined to Cape Colony. M. ava sp. n. (13 a). Much larger than filia (40 — -43 mm), but evidently very nearly related, so that it might easily be considered a subspecies but for considerable difference in the aedoeagus. Antenna of the $ somewhat more strongly serrate. Forewing with termen (excepting the minutely produced apex) curved (in filia almost straight). Hindwing lacking the dark border, but with a rather conspicuous cell-dot above as well as beneath (in filia as a rule only noticeable beneath). The forewing is coloured as in the same sex of filia, the $ — ^ so far as yet known — also grey, though more strongly marked, with redder fringes and sometimes with some reddish suffusion on the wing. Johannesburg, 3 and 2 $$ in tbe British Museum. — punctillata 71, ov. is a race, or possibly a third species of the grouj), with the tornus of both wings slightly more rounded the tone more brownish, tlie hindwing only whitish in costal region proximally, the cell-marks stronger, that of the forewing almost annular, the lines punctuated on the veins, the hindwing above with some vague markings adjoining the cell-spot, beneath with a postmedian line of vein-dots. Cape Town (H. Roberts), 1 (J, in the British Museum. B. A n t e n 11 a of (J not pectinate. Wings less narrow. M. perquisita Prout (12 i). Antenna of the ^ somewhat thickened, of the $ simple. Cell of forewing beneatli clothed as in section A. Nearly as large as ava, more richly coloured, generally more variegated, hind¬ wing with a dark border, less broad and less blackish than that of filia; underside whitish, with suffusion (gener¬ ally more vinaceous) in the terminal area of both wings. Southern Rhodesia. — reprobata siihs'p. (? sp.) tiov. (13 a) is much more unicolorous, the hindwing without differentiated dark border, the underside with the vinaceous suffusion throughout. Johannesburg, March 1906 (A. T. Cooke), type $ in the British Museum. X much smaller $ (33 mm) with the same data ( Janse collection) has more russet in its tone, somewhat dulled with grey, tlie hindwing notably so (almost darker than in the following species), the underside also less vin¬ aceous. In the absence of the (J, the union of reprohata with perquisita is uncertain; farther distinctions Avhich may be significant are the redixced cell-spot of reprohata, presence of a (slight) postmedian line on its hindwing and more curved costal end of the postmedian of the forewing. M. pictifimbria sp. n. (13 b). Palpus with 3rd joint rather longer than in most Matina. Otherwise very similar to the small form of reprobata last mentioned. Forewing slightly broader, with distal margin less gibbous in the middle, less produced at apex; paler, the costal margin nearly cinnamon- buff, the rest more cinnamon, slightly suffused in places with very pale grey; cell-spot little darkened, oval ; fringe rather dark grey in proximal half, then redder than the ground-colour, at the tips mixed with white. Hindwing inclining to vinaceous-drab ; postmedian indicated by two dark, nearly confluent dots on the bases of 3rd radial and 1st median, rather suggesting a misplaced cell-dot; fringe with a pale (anteriorly almost white) line at base. Underside much paler than that of reprobata, in part whitish, recalling that of Pareclipsis ayiophthalma but with cell-mark deve¬ loped on hindwing only. Katberg, E. Cape Province, 4000 feet, October 1932 (R. E. Turner), 1 $ in the British Museum. M. ardescens Prout (12 i). This and the rest of the “ilfawnu” will possibly require generic separation, as the forewing lacks the hairy clothing beneath and shows some deviations in the venation, while the genitalia are not altogether congruous. Antenna of the ^ shortly serrate, ardescens is recognizable by its yellow hind¬ wing. Forewing with 2nd subcostal connected, by a short bar with stalk of 3rd — 4th ; the lines sometimes almost obsolete. Pondoland to the Transvaal (loc. typ.). M. diasporas Protit (12 i as “diasporos”). Antennae of the unique type unfortunately lost, but alt¬ hough the shape recalls perquisita I suspect the affinities are with ardescens; forewing much darker and browner. Underside of hindwing with a curved grey line 3,5 mm from termen, strongest anteriorly, especially on the veins, of fore wing with postnredian line from costa to 1st radial — altogether recalling an Aspilatopsis underside. Plganda: Nyimabitaba, Rmvenzori, at 8500 feet. M. electa Prout (12 i). Smaller than ardescens (13i), antenna still simpler, termen of forewing slightly more convex, bar between subcostals 2 and 3 sometimes lost; colour redder, more approaching that of some filia. Founded on 2 AC from Mt. Mlanje (Nyasa); occurs also in S. Rhodesia (a A from the Victoria Falls, with hindwing less coloured than in the type) and at Ukamba, Kuila River, S. W. Congo (a $ with hindwing broader- bordered, but less sharqily, than in the original AO- ACRASIA; MICROLIGIA; ARGYROPHORA; PSEUDOMAENAS. By L. B. Prout. 127 M. sematurga sj). n. (12 i). Very distinct; the gibbous-inargined forewing, with reddish, anteriorly .sY-j^cy/t/rr/c/. darkened fringe, superficially recalls some Australian Oenochrominae. Structure about as in electa, venation of ardescens. The more heavily marked forewing and especially its complex cell-mark are quite characteristic. Forewing beneath much paler, excepting the extreme costal edge and the fringe; markings faint, except the costal end of the postmedian (aboTit as far as to 1st radial). Hindwing beneath with a curved row of indistinct postmedian vein-dots, which fade away behind the 3rd radial. S. Rhodesia; Betsa, 13 April 1918, a good submitted by the Rhodesia Museum for determination. 3. Genus: Acrasia Feld. A specialised offshoot of Mauna, scarcely differing except in the al)sence of the long hair of the forewing beneath and in a few ^ characters. Hindtibia in that sex without hair-pencil; hindwing curiously contorted, the costal region somewhat swollen, this and the middle of the wing above densely clothed with hair, a large part of the abdominal margin folded over beneath, the greater part of this fold clothed with specialised, sub¬ erect scaling. Only one species know'n. A. crinita Feld. (13 b). unmistakable, on account of the structural characters; $ much more like crinifa. that of Maima film. Knysna. For many years, the type ^ was the only specimen known, birt recently the Transvaal Museum obtained a pair from Hackerville, Cape Province. 4. Genus: Microligia Warr. Less robust than Mauna, with which it agrees in the narrow forewing, long cells and several other characters. Face with strong projecting cone. Antenna of the vuth short pectinations; hindtibia not dilated. Forewing with 2nd subcostal anastomosing with 3rd — Rh. Consists of a few small, j^ale-coloured species, almost exclusively South African. M. dolosa Warr. (14 a), the type of the genus, is variable on the forewing, but easy to recognize by doJosa. its shaj)e, generally also by the strong oblique grey mark from apex and also a few (more longitudinal) prox- imally. Palpus moderate. Cape of Good Hope (the tyjje locality) to the Transvaal, often common. — oriotes oriotes. Prout, founded on a single $ from near Bismarckhugel (Kilimandjaro, 2700- — 2800 m), is suffused with mouse- grey instead of white, though the hindwing remains paler than the forewing. Expanse 28 mm (size of an ex¬ ceptionally large dolosa). M. luteitincta Front is considerably larger (32 — 36 mm), the palpus longer, the forewing slightly less tuteiiincta. narrow, pale yellowy with no markings except the oblique apical line, which is longer, but slenderer and less dark, than the corresponding mark in dolosa. Natal to S. Rhodesia; the originals w'ere believed to come from Cape Colony, but this recpiires confirmation. M. intervenata Prout (14 a). Intermediate in size between the two preceding; the forewing white, as iniervenata. in dolosa (and at least as narrow), but with longitudinal drab streaks betw'een the veins. Face brown, Avhite below (in dolosa wholly white). Smithfield, Orange Free State, only the type knowm. 5. Genus ; Argyropliora Guen. Agrees in almost all characters with Microligia, but the face is smoother, only with a small tuft below, the forewing according to Janse, has a slight fovea and there are some differences — though somewhat in¬ constant — in the venation; the 3rd radial and 1st median of the hinchving are generally stalked (sometimes q'uite strongly) or are at the least connate; the anastomosis of the 2nd siibcostal of the forewing with the 3rd to 4th is slight, often a mere touch or (according to Janse) a close approximation without contact. Type species; trofonia Gram. A. trofonia Cram. {= histrionalis Westw., trofoniata Guen., monetata Guen.) (14 a). Forewing above trofonia. glossy ochreous-brown, with an intricate pattern of white markings; beneath paler and duller, much more weakly marked. Cape (the type locality and j^erhaps its chief habitat) to Transvaal. Generally not very variable. A. arcualis Westw. (13 b) is, according to the only tw'o specimens know'n to me, somewhat darker, the arcualis. dark border of the hindwdng decided, though narrow'. In any case distinct from trofonia in the appreciably shorter pectinations, different arrangement of the markings, and lack of white costal edge. '‘Cape” apparently rare; IVIr. R. E. Turner took a d'at Milverton, Cape Town in Januar 1926, a second at Mossel Bay in Aiigust 1932. 6. Genus: Pseuclomaeiias Prout The first of a groui? of nearly related, characteristically African genera, to wliich reference has already made in the note at the commencement of the Geometrinae, where in the d always, the $ scarcely ever, has 128 PSEUDOMAENAS. By L. B. Prout. Icucograpia. alridaia. margarUa. cumeiror- rhahda. furneri. Iniricaia. oncodo- gramma. Invirgata. anguinaiu . iricolor. lost a sxibcostal vein of the forewing, not — as is so general in the subfamily — through the coincidence of the fth with the 2nd but through the coincidence of the 4th with the 3rd or the 5th. The antenna is always bi])ectinate in the d', often also in the the hindtibia never dilated, all the spurs present, the cell of the forewing long, but in varying degree, the 1st and 2nd sidxcostal long-stalked in both sexes, the 2nd nearly always anastomosing with the 3rd. The genera are not very sharply defined; Jaxse separates Pseudomaenas from his great genus Drepanogynis (see below) by the palpi — 3rd joint “small, drooping, naked" in the former, “porrect, hidden in scales, which cover this joint rather loosely" in the latter; but the pal])i in the latter show a good deal of variation. The 8 s])ecies which have been provisionally grouped as Pseudomaenas, probably on account of the glossy wings, with rather narrow, very sharply marked forewing (sometimes recalling the two ])receding genera) and ampler, unmarked (or almost unmarked) hind¬ wing, further agree in having the vestiture less hairy than in many of the allies, $ antenna not pectinate, 4th sixbcostal in the d' coincident with the 5th, costal of hindwing closely approximated to cell for a long distance. Agrammodes Warr., first proposed for it, was preoccupied. Ps. leucograpta ITarr. Only the type $ known and I have not seen it. Expanse 30 mm. Both wings rather narrow, forewing pale brown, Avith longitudinal, finely blackish-edged AA'hite bands, one (behind the cell) straight from base to near termen, then sharply bent and running to apex, another (shorter and slenderer) about the radial fold, from approximately i i to % the Aving-length . HindAA'ing very pale buff. Montague Baths, C'ape Colony. Ps. alcidata Feld. (14 a) has a larger number of wdiite streaks, none of them bent. Tlie $ (exceptio¬ nally to the general rule) shares the A venation. C'ape C'olony (loc. typ.) and Natal. Ps. margarita Warr. The pxire white longitudinal markings of the forewing so broadened that it is simplest to regard this as the ground-colour; there rejnain 3 sepia-brown streaks; a broad one from base nearly to apex, bent soniewhat like the white one of leucograpta, but more bluntly; a slender one in front of it, parallel with costa; and a slender one close to termen and distal half of hindmargin, therefore bent like the tornus. Founded on 2 $$ from Smithfield, Orange Free State, which I haA^e not seen. Ps. eumetrorrhabda sp. n. (14 a). White, the face and palpus sprinkled Avith broAvn, the thorax largely broAvn above, including the tegrdae except their outer edge. Palpus strong, its length almost tAvice the diameter of the eye. Wings more elongate than in margarita, perhaps not quite so narroAv as in leucograpta : foreAA'ing intermediate betAveen the tAVo, the alternating AxBite and broAvn bands approximately equal in Avidth. Hind¬ AA'ing clean AA'hite, the broAA'n terminal line slenderer beneath than above. Kookfontein. C'ape C'olony. 3 — 6 March 1912 (S. ViL.JOEX), type Q di the Transvaal MuseAim. Ps. tumeri sp. n. (13 b). Coloration nearly as in the preceding, the markings transverse, though strongly oblicpxe. Costal and interrupted terminal border lighter than the other markings, the contrast between the straight antemedian band and the strongly double-pronged postmedian very striking and accountable for the shape of the central AA'hite spot. HindA\ ing better marked than in most Pseudomaenas. C'eres, Ca]Ae Colony, April 1925 (Pv. E. Turner), 1 A in the British Museum. Ps. intricata Walh. (= maculipennis WUgr., callistege Feld.) (14 a). Very distinct in the broAvn tone and the broken pattern of paired fuscous and Avhite spots and streaks of the forcAving; only the AA'hite sid)ter- minal line and fuscous terminal marks continuoxxs. C'ape Colony. Ps. oncodogramma Prout (14 b). Spots of the foreAA'ing larger and less numerous, differently formed. The tyjxe $ came from Pilgrim's Rest, Transvaal. I knoAA- also of from Durban and RietAdei (Natal), bxit it remains A^ery scarce. Ps. bivirgata Feld. (14 b). Again Amry distinct, the markings simpler, but the postmedian broad and curiously bent. Cape Colony, the type from Knysna. Ps. anguinata Feld. (14 b). Very similar to bivirgata, the postmedian less extreme, the antemedian quite differently formed, a large cell-dot on foreAA'ing. Knysna; if it should proA'e to be a remarkable aber¬ ration of the preceding, I propose to retain the better-knoAA'n name bivirgata, AA'hich represents the more normal form; both names Avere published simultaneously. Ps. tricolor Warr. (13 b). Antennal pectinations of A very long. A gay species, the only knoAvn Pseudomaenas Avith a rosy admixture in the ground-coloxir. Natal: Weenen (the type), Karkloof and RietAdei. Pubi. 20. 1.1938. HEBDOMOPHRUDA; DREPANOGYNIS. By L. B. Prout. 129 7. Genus: Slebclomoplirucla IVarr. In its elongate wings, generally with still longer cells, and in its (hdl, sober coloration a marked contrast to Psetulomaeiias, yet differing hnt little in essential stnictnre. Antenna in Imtli sexes ]>ectinate, the branches moderate or rather short in the (J, qixite short in the Janse distingnishes it from both P.setido- maenas and Drepanogynis (sens, lat.) by the cessation of the pectination before the apex, of the antenna, hnt this seems to me to apply to the $$ only. Ihxlpus on an average less elongate than in Pseudomaenas. Excln- sively South African. H. curvilinea Warr. (14 b), the type of the genus, was founded on 4 from Weenen. Natal, and cim-Uinca. has since been taken in some localities in Cape Colony and the Orange Free State. Costal margin of forewing almost straight, or inclining towards concavity. The simple marking of the forewing and the whiter hindwing distinguish it from the rest of the Hebdotiiophruda . H. apicata ITarr. (14 b). Also from Weenen (Warrek's type), but, so far as I known, not since ob- apicata. tained there; the Tring Museum has also a from Grahamstown and the British Museum 2 from Miss F. Barrett (probably from Transkei). Forewing more glossy and less irrorated than in curvilinea, with an apical dash, the oblique line sharper than that of curvilinea, but accompanied by some slender dark shades which make it appear hi- or tripartite. H. crenilinea Prout (14 b). Close to apicata, possibly representing it in Orange Free State and Basuto- crenUinPu. land. Middle segments of abdomen strongly infuscated; oblicpre markings of forewing waved or cremdate in¬ stead of straight, some srdrordinate markings, both here and on the hindwing, better developed. H. errans Prout (14 c) is smaller, the (J pectinations a little shorter and stouter, the postmedian line ermns. arising from costa, not a])ex,but more oblique than in the succeeding three species, in which this is also the case. Hindwing well marked. Fraserburg, Cajxe Colony (type) and Bushmanland. H. eupitheciata Warr. (14 c). There has been some confusion regarding this species, on which was enpUhe- founded an unnecessary genus Stenoptilotis Warr., but it is certainly a Hebdomophruda. The one here figured, with its larger cell-dots, ill-defined lines above, rather bright red-brown terminal area (beneath more vinaceoixs) and somewhat longer pectinations (particxilarly in the $) seems to agree better with the description than does the following. The original, a $, came from Smithfield; besides, I known, only a few from Cape Colony (Willowmore, Dunbrody, etc.). H. diploschema Prout (14 c). Very similar to the preceding, but less bright. The slender black lines dlpto- of the forewing are interrupted at the fold but connected with one another by equally fine lines before and behind the interruption. Founded on 2 $$ from near Beaufort West, Cajxe Colony; both sexes have since been obtained at Willowmore by different collectors. H. sculpta Janse (14 c). Hindwing scarcely so narrow as in the two preceding; its postmedian line much sculpia. more proximally placed than in errans. Forexving with median area a good deal infuscated, differently sha])ed, the antemedian line acutely angled outward in cell, the postmedian at first (for a longer distance than that of errans) nearly parallel with distal margin, then curving to become extremely (though not qinte regxilarly) oblique, the median area in consecpience over 3 times as broad at costa as at hindmargin. I only know it from the type locality, Willowmore (Cajxe Colony), but it is also recorded from Bloemfontain. 8. Genus: llrepaiiogyiiiis Guen. Drepanogynis is the oldest name for the collective groxxp which has already been in part discussed xmder Pseudomaenas ; and as some of its elements are in a measure connected by intermediates and the genitalia “show an amazing uniformity, hardly to be expected among species which differ so greatly in general appear¬ ance”, Janse has proposed to unite almost all except P seudomaenas and Hebdomophruda (it is not quite clear why these were not also included) in one comprehensive genus. I prefer for the present to retain the principal “subgenera” as genera and to employ Drepanogynis for those in which the head and femora are not or scarcely hairy, the wings fairly broad, the forewing with a])ex generally acute or prochiced, the hindwing with the costa not specially long, the costal vein diverging from the cell aboxxt its middle, the palpxxs not long, the missixxg sxxlx- costal veixi (as also in the two preceding genera) apparently the 5th. Even so, Drepanogynis is sxxfficiently heterogeneoxxs in shape and pattern, in the details of the antennal strxxctxxre, etc. In any case Dissodes IForr. is an absolute synoixyin, having the same genotype (mixtaria Guen.), and Apleroneura Warr. (type tripartita Warr.) and Phrudochorda Warr. (type juscimargo Warr.) at nxost a section (or sections) with pectinate $ antenna. A. Antenna in both sexes h i p e c t i n a t e {Apleroneura) (see also the last 3 doxibtfxxlly placed Drepanogynis). XVI 17 130 DREPANOGYNIS. By L. B. Prout. epionc. D. epione Prout (14 c). A sjnall sj^ecies, with the palpus more tufted than in most Drefanogynis, the postmedian line much less straight than in admirancla; hindwing with the termen sinuate in the middle; its iuscomargl- cell-mark conspicuous. Underside more coarsely strigulated than upper. — ah. fuscomarginata Janse has an iiata. antemedian hand and the enthe distal area, especially of the forewing, heavily clouded with fuscous. — epione was described from the Transvaal and extends southward to the Cape Province. fusciman/o. D. fuscimargo Warr. (14 d) has much the same scheme of markings as the last-named aberration, but they are purplish-fawn on a yellow ground, the underside quite like the upper, and it is a moderately large species, with crenulate margins. Natal (loc. typ.), Zululand and Transvaal. irlpartita. D. tripartita Warr. (14 c). cJ only a little duller than fuscimargo, 2 considerably duller; borders in general much less solidly darkened ; distal margins rather less strongly crenulate, but the hindwing wdth a more pro¬ minent tooth at the 3rd radial. Underside more strongly irrorated or strigulated. South Rhodesia to Natal, the type from Barberton; also Kalahari. sata. D. sata sp. n. (13 b). Palpus rather slender. Vertex and the moderately long antennal pectinations dark grey. Coloration somewhat as in the palest tripartita; distal margins somewhat less bent at 3rd radial, tliat of the forewing strongly curved; hindwing fairly In’oacl. Lines weak and irregidar, largely obscured by the profusion of large dots or small spots which, on the greater part of the forewing and posterior part of hind¬ wing are the particular characteristic of the species. Cell-dot of forewing large, of hindwing small; a dark mark from costa near ajjex of forewing (commencing the postmedian line), another at termen from apex to behind 1st radial. Underside similarly but rather more weakly marked. Tanganyika Territory, not exactly localised, the type cJ in the British Museum (ex P. Lathy). admirancla. D. admiratida Warr. ($ = soprinataria Warr., nec Guen.) (14d(L, $). Pectinations of the $ rather longer than in fuscimargo and tripartita. Distal margins less irregular than in tripartita. The oblique, nearly straight postmedian line becomes on the hindwing almost central. Sexual dimorphism in colour strong, especi¬ ally on the upperside; beneath, the denser, brighter strigulation and brighter lines of the ^ bring it nearer to the $ coloration. Natal, Zululand and Transvaal; type from Durban. incogifaia. D. incogitata Pro'ut (14 d). Similar to admiranda, including the sexual dimorphism. Smaller, the fore¬ wing without the (slight) costal sinuosity, the line of the hindwing much nearer the termen, the coarse irroration of the underside more fuscous, etc. Angola. B. Antenna in $ simple, serrate or very incompletely pectinate {Drepanogynis). mixtaria. D. mixtada Guen. (= inapplicata Walk., dulcinaria PekC, strigifera Warr.) $ = regularia Gueyi., ex- emptaria Walk.) (14d(^$). Variable, esi)ecially sexually, the $$ (in which, moreover, the apex of the fore¬ wing is more produced, the teeth of the hindwing a little more pronounced) almost always inclining towards the colour of admiranda $, while the UJ' in general greyer, but much more variegated. Beneath, as in ad¬ miranda the strigidation is strong and bright, but a contrasting grey element in the distal area remains. Fairly common about Cape Towm and extending to Naniaqualand and to E. Transvaal. serrifascia- D. serdfasciada H.-Sch. (14 e). Closely related to mixtaria. Generally smaller (32 — 33 mm); distal margins less dentate. Colour in both sexes, so far as known (2 i^<^, 4 $$), approaching that of mixtaria but with the yellow shading proximal to the postmedian less developed, the $$ very coarsely irrorated; cell-dots generally stronger, antemedian somewhat straighter (after its anterior angle), postmedian rather more distal, more strongly bicurved, the $$ with extended dark maculation outside it, the ^ here nearly as in mixtaria Underside with similar distinctions. Cape Colony; the Tring Museum has a larger G' (35 mm) from Nieuw- veld Mountains, the British Museum a $ from Grahamstown. A cj and 2 from Miss E. Barrett, probably came from Transkei. chromatina. D. chromatina Prout (14 e). Notwithstanding that the hindving participates in the colouring and pattern of the forewing, as in all the foregoing, the build, the palpus and the type of markings leave little doubt that this is to be associated with the following group. Palpus rather short. The said characters of the hindwing, espbcially the presence of a strong cell-dot and the completeness of the postmedian line, separate it from the rest of them. Generally, also the colour is a little brighter reddish and the slender yellow line which edges the postmedian more conspicuoiis. Transvaal, not common. Records from Karkloof were based on mis- identification ; see leptodoma below. athroiip- D. athroopsegma Prout (14 e). This and the two following are intermediate between chromatina and segma. the rest of the group in the hindwing conditions, that wing being a little paler (less stronglj^ irrorated) than the forewing, but with the postmedian line usually fairly well developed, especially in athroopsegma . The fuscoiis strigulation of the forewing on a pale gTound and the presence of an interrupted sidjterminal band on this wing are characteristic of athroopsegma. Build slender; pectinations moderate, slender. Founded on a from Ceres, Cape Coloiiy. DREPANOGYNIS. By L. B. Prout. 131 D. pero Front (14 e). Probably near athrodpsegma . Forewing darkened with copious but irregularly pero. disi)osed red-brown irroration, a conspicuous pale patch remaining between the bases of the 3rd radial and the 2nd median; antemedian line more strongly excurved than in athrodpsegma, suhterminal band complete, cell-spot obsolete. Clanwilliam, Cape Colony, only the type $ known. D. hypoplea sp. n. (13 c as “hypoptea''). Probably also near athrodpsegma , of the same size, similar in hypopiea. structure, hut with the 2nd subcostal not touching the 3rd to 4th. Wings perliax^s still better rounded, distal margins smooth, irroration strong, more uniform, lines very weak, antemedian less bent, i^ostmedian slightly more curved; cell-dot of forewing less large, of hindwing obsolescent, outer markings obsolete. Deelfontein, 11 Maxell 1902 type ^ in coll. British Museum, together with a darker ^ from Masite, Basutoland, 14 Decem¬ ber 1901 (R. Cbawshay). D. strigulosa Front (14 e). More robust than athrodpsegma (14 e), pectinations less slender, forewing sirigidosa. more reddish, especially in the densely strigulated median area, the distal area remaining nearly as jiale as the hindwing; cell longer. Strigulation olivaceous grey, lines cloudy, cell-dots small. Deelfontein (the type) and Fraserburg (a quite similar cJ). D. devia Front (14 f). This and the forir following forms are evidently very closely allied and (the more devia. so because the position and exact shajje of the lines are certainly liable to some individiial variation) xieculiarly difficult to discriminate. Prof. Janse has done some excellent work with them, especially as regards the (J genitalia, but we have still much to learn. All have the same simple xtattern ; cell-dots (often shght on hind¬ wing), 2 lines on forewing (the x)ostniedian, especially anteriorly, often indicated beneath) and an incomplete one on hindwing (generally obsolete beneath), the underside (as also in the sjDecies from chromatina to strigulosa) well irrorated but without the coarse strigulation, colour-contrasts and generally strong markings which charact¬ erize our fu’st seven Drepanogynis. Of tyj)ical devia I only know 2 Transvaal d'ej, the tyjie from Woodbush, the other from Haenertsburg, both of which were in England when Janse was iwexiaring his volume; he gives, as “devia” , a beautiful x^hotograqili of the Karkloof form of leptodoma and his descrix^tion seems clearly to x^oint to that sx^ecies, and he decides, from a careful study of the genitalia, that both are one sx^ecies; it is quite x>o^- sible that he may be right as regards true devia also, but we must await a comxoarison of tyxncal devia with the leptodoma forms. In both the known devia, the 2nd subcostal of the forewing fails to touch the 3rd — 4th, though there may be a vestigial connective bar. Further distinctions are noted under leptodoma. D. leptodoma FrotF (14 f). Paler, more slenderly built and more glossy than devia, the anastomosis of leptodoma. the 2nd subcostal of the forewing, so far as yet observed, quite normal. Postmedian of forewing, at least in the (JeJ, without the blunt angidation in the middle which is consx)icuous in devia, that of the hindwing more oblique, reaching the hindmargin nearer to the anal angle. Founded on 2 (JeJ from Pilgrim's Rest, Transvaal. — karkloofensis suhsp. nov. (14 f) is much more brown or red-brown, similar in colour to vara and glancichorda . karkloofen- The $$ which — by the locality and their general effect — I confidently refer here can be confusingly similar to those of glancichorda, having sometimes a more sinuous postmedian on the forewing than the (Jd, but that of the hindwing seems to remain straighter and more obliqiie than in the allies, discernible across the Aving (though extremely slender), x^assing near (sometimes close to) the cell-dot. Karkloof, Natal, fairly common, fype hi the British Museum; xn’obably some other Natal records belong here. The genitalia differ very little from those of typical leptodoma . D. glaucichorda Front (14 f). At least as robiast as devia, more reddish, cell-sxiot of forewing enlarged, glaucickor- Xiostmedian line commonly followed distally by dark-grey sxiots, an intervening xiale thread generally glaucous- grey or whitish. The distal margins are slightly more bent than in most of the grouxi; the xiostmedian line of the hindwing is more excurved, so that its middle ])art, Avhen not obsolete, is nearer to the termen than in lepto¬ doma. Antenna of $ subserrate (as also in vara and x^robably karkloofensis). Transvaal, the tyxie from White River; also from Tugela, Zululand and a few localities in Natal; a x^au' from Katberg(E. Cax^e Province) larger (35 — 36 mm) but otherwise identical. D. metoeca sp. n. (13 c). Antenna of the ^ with the slight serrations transformed (gradually), after meioeca. a short basal part, into true x^ectinations — though scarcely longer than diameter of shaft — which continue till % the antennal length. Forewing, as in allied bent at 3rd radial; hindwing elongate costally, not fully rounded terminally. Probably nearest to glaucichorda except as to antenna ; foreAving AA'ith more Aunaceous-grey admixture, cell-mark rather longer than 2nd discocellular, x^ostmedian line curving close to costa, the x^ale hind- AATing and the underside perhaxAS a little more strongly marked than in glaucichorda. S. W. Tanganyika; Ma- rungu Plateau, W. side, 7000 feet, February 1922 (T. A. Barns), 1 $ in the British Museum. D. vara Front (14 f). Again Amry similar, but fairly easy to distinguish by the strong central x^i’ojec- vara. tion of the x^ostmedian and generally (at least in the (J) distinct ax^ical dash on the foreAA'ing. Distal margin of foreAving prominent in the middle. Natal: Karkloof and Impetyeni Forest, 132 DREPANOGINYS. By L. B. Prout. )i igmpc.r. iiionas. albiordinc. incondita. rcnitcus. nnilineata. arcuUcra. subochrca. cervina. ■protactose- ma. hypopt/r- rlia. D. nigrapex Prout (14 f). Much larger than vara, generally darker, the hindwing little paler than the forewing; markings much as in that species, the cell-spot of the forewing rather large, in the $ placed at scar¬ cely, or not at all, beyond G the wing-length — i. e. the cell here not elongate. In the $, moreover, the veins of the forewing are finely ochreous, the lines doid^le, the apical mark sometimes wanting. Waterval Onder, Transvaal ; also a more fawn-coloured aberration ( hitherto knoAvn only from 1 from Weenen, Natal. D. monas Prout (14 g) is also a large and not brightly coloured species, the $ still larger than the figur¬ ed (reaching 54 mm) and varial)le. Nearest to incondita, face tufted, ])ectinations of the cj not quite so extremely long, of the $ virtually simple, forewing Avith termen rather more gibbous, terminal line wanting, postmedian not cremdate, hindwing with cell-dot ol)Solete. Grahamstown (type (J), Durban and Namaqua- land. The only knoAvn iJrepanogynis in which post median line suggests definite mimicry of the midrib of a leaf. D. albiordine sp. n. (14g). Perhaps related to incondita (14g), notwithstanding its much smaller size (32 — 33 mm), narrower forewing and nuich less long pectinations. Face without cone. Palpus scarcely longer than head. Wings more resembling those of Eupagia canilinea than of any previously known Drepanogynis, the pale lines which accompany them white, and developing on the veins pronounced white, more or less trian- gidar spots, with their apices in the median area; lines and antemedian white spot a little thickened at costa of forewing. Underside paler, the hindwing whitish, the cell-spots enlarged, a rather broad dark postmedian, angled on the radial fold of the hindAving. S. W. Africa; Hoffnung, E. of W'indhoek, 1850 m, 5 and 9 June 1934 (Br. K. Jordan), 2 SS- D. incondita Warr. (14g). Antenna of the with the pectinations extremely long; of the $ ser¬ rate, AA'itli the teeth so long that they resemble rudimentary pectinations. Palpus of moderate length. Variable in colour, etc., but unmistakable. — renitens Warr., from CApe Toavii, is merely an unimportant $ aberration Avith the postmedian line someAvhat less distally ]daced than usual and the entire Aving (according to the de¬ scription) somewhat sufftised as far as this line. — The species is commonest in the region of the Cape, but reaches Tsunieb, 8. W. Africa. D. unilineata Warr. is unknoAvn to me. From Janse's photograph I should have taken it to be a large (47 mm) aberration of incondita. AA'ith the jAostmedian line Ainusually near the termen; but Ave learn from the same authority that the genitalia show several differences; uncus nmch shorter, valve more nearly elliptical, its apex much more roundly pointed, aedoeagus more sharply ])ointed. Wings pinkish-cinnamon, blotched and irrorated Avith fuscous, cell-s])ots indistinct, the postmedian fuscoAis shade rather near termen, on hind- AA'ing indicated by irroration. Ca])e Toaaii, only the type ^ knoAvn. D. arcuifera Prout (14g) is a someAvhat erratic species in its yelloAV-orange hindAving and in the mark¬ ings of the foreAving. Palpus rather shovt. $ unknoA\n; possibly it Avill prove to have the antenna ])ectinate. Natal National Park (the ty])e) and GrahamstoAA U. D. subochrea Prout (14 g) was unfortunately founded on a single $ and the figure has not come out quite successfxdly. Antenna serrate. The antemedian line does not in reality merge into the median spot at hindmargin and both the lines are accompanied by inconsjucuous pale spots, the antemedian proxinially, the postmedian distally, and the costal postmedian one may even be called conspicuous. NotAvithstanding the ochreous tone of the hindAving and the still more ochreous underside, subochrea. may he a member of the devia groxip; a from WilloAA inore, almost certainly an aberration of it, has the ochreous tinge someAvhat more subdued and much resembles a small hypo plea (13 c) exce])t in the long cell of the foreAving, the said ochreous tinge and the pale costal postmedian mark. A dilajiidated ^ from near Beaufort West (foot of NieuAVAmld Moun¬ tains) appears to have been quite like the $, Avhich came from Smithfield. D. (’) cervina Warr. (13 c), referred tentatWely by its author to the South American gemis Simo- pteryx, Avas founded on a single poor $ in the British Museum (althorxgh this is not indicated in the original de¬ scription). It may perhaps be related to protactosema, thoxigh smaller, Avith differently shaped AA'ings and much slighter marking. Antenna of the $ simple. In the absence of the I query the generic position. “Mada¬ gascar”. f D.(’) protactosema Prout (14 h) has been provisionally referred to this genus, although the costally elongate hindAAdng more recalls those of Hebdonwphruda. Antenna of the ^ pectinate to the apex, the branches of moderate length; I suspect it aaIII proA^e pectinate in the $ also, as in the folloAA'ing species. ForeAving AA'ith apex not produced; 2nd subcostal not anastomosing AA'ith the stalk of the 3rd — 4th. The build, u])perside coloration and dark costal spots recall some Indo-Australian Hypochrosis. Underside Avith only the cell-dots and (sometimes faint) a slender pale ])ostmedian stri]ie. Madagascar; Station Berinet, F. of TananariA'o. D. (’) hypopyrrha Prout (14 li) seems evidently related to protactosema in s])ite of the differences in shape and the origination of the 2nd radial of the foreAA'ing very near the 1st (in protactosema more moderately DERRIOIDES; ASPILATOPSIS. By L. B. Pkout. 133 so). It has not the rough face and hairy femora of Derrioides. Antennal pectinations shorter than in prolado- sema; the $ antenna is dentate, not pectinate. Underside similar, the forewing more orange-red than above. Madagascar; Station Perinet, near Tananarive. D. ( ?) rubidivenis P) out (13 c) was founded on a ^ and doubtfully referred to llEtih&vophilu , Imt the rubidivenis. has the venation and all the essential structure of Drepanogynis and — except in its broader wings — it would really not seem out of place in the neighbourhood of athroopsegma and hypoplea, though I assume that they have non-pectinate $ antenna, while rubidivenis has them distinctly (hut shortly) pectinate. Named from the characteristic coppery-red veins. Underside paler, the markings (except the antemedian) expressed, but more weakly than above. Kar kloof, Natal. 9. Genus: Derrioides Butl. Chiefly different from Drepanogynis in the tufted face, more hairy pectus, tegula and femora and in the pal])iis, which is of moderate length, densely clothed, in the typical species somewhat upturned. Antenna of the $ with very short. 2nd radial of the forewing arising well before (often much before) tlie middle of the discocelhdars. Type of the genus: hypenissa Bflr. D. cnephaeogramma sp. n. (13 c). More recalls Drepanogynis strigulosa than the other Derrioides, but cnephaeo- is readily distinguishable by the more robust build, more hairy vestiture, more approximated lines and other gramma. details. Palpus porrect. (Antennae lost). The copious dark-grey irroration of tlie forewing is in places united into short strigulae. Cell-dots distinct, though small; lines rather thick, the antemedian indistinct towards costa, the postmedian outbent between base of 2nd median vein and 2nd suhmedian. Hindwing greyer, with very faint indications of a pale postmedian. Forewing beneath less bright, more weakly marked, hindwing, on the contrary, a little brighter. Cape Town, September 1891, type B British Museiim. D. hypenissa Btlr. (13 c). Vinaceous brown, the forewing with dark cloudings and ])aler costa. The hypenissa. dark, pale-edged postmedian line continued on the hindwing. Underside more reddish, both wings coloured alike. Antennal shaft white. Natal and Pondoland. D. villaria Feld. (14 h). Close to hypenissa but larger, relatively longer-winged, the hairy clothing of villaria. thorax and femora perhaps a trifle stronger, hut certainly not enough to justify the separate generic name Eulasia Warr., which, moreover, is preoccupied. The originals come from Cape Town; the range extends to the Transvaal. Variable in colour, on the whole lighter or less clouded on both wings than hypenissa, but with some dark clouding in the tornal region of the hindwing generally more outstanding. 10. Genus: Aspilatopisiis Warr. Distinguished from the preceding group chiefly by the B venation : 4th subcostal apjmrently coincident with the 3rd, not with the 5th; that is to say, the last subcostal runs to the distal margin, not to the apex. Face somewhat roughened or with a cone below. Palpus shortish. Antenna in the $ always (so far as yet known) definitely pectinate; pectinations in the d often long. Femora not hairy. Hindwing paler than forewing, more or less weakly marked. Perhaps merely a section of Sicyodes, generally recognizable by the strong, highly oblique postmedian line, which arises at or close to the apex of the forewing. Genotype; punctata Warr. A. gloriola Prout (14h). Very distinct in the shining yellow-green, finely ])ink-edged forewing, in- gloriola. complete, dentate-edged pink stripe and grey hindwing. Pal])us rather short. Transvaal (loc. typ.) and Natal. A. soni sp. n. (14 i). Closely related to gloriola. Pink markings on head and thorax less bright, the Ion- soni. gitudinal band of the thorax above only expressed by a posterior patch. The glossy forewing predominantly purplish- vinaceous, only behind the 2nd submedian deep olive-buff; the white line broader, contiimed across the wing; a much weaker inner line, excessively acutely angulated at end of cell. Hindwing darker grey than in gloriola, especially beneath. Vredendal, Cape Colony, end of Jidy 1927 (G. vax Son), the unique type in the Transvaal Museum. A. nipholibes sp. n. (14h) has the markings of typical Aspilatopsis but nearly the strong gloss of the nipholibcs. two preceding. Expanse 38 — 43 mm. Abdomen ])erha])s more slender than in the genotype. Antennal ])ectin- ations long. Variable in coloixr — light huffy-brown (the type), ochreous, or cinnamon-rufous to hazel — but pretty constant in markings. The slender snow-white lines which accompany both the dark ones and the acute angulation of the antemedian, with a narrow dark shade connecting it with the cell-spot, and usually the wi¬ dening of the postmedian are its most salient characters. The underside is also glossy and shows on both wings the lines of well-marked punctata, hut the postmedian is edged Avith Avhite; cell-dots distinct. Kastrol Nek, S. Africa, January 1925 (G. van Son), 5 fh© type in the Transvaal Museum. 134 ASPILATOPSIS. By L. B. Prout. carncata. A. camcata Warr. (13 d (J$) was founded on 2 in poor condition, from the foot of the Xieuwveld Mountains, 6 miles N. W. of Beaufort West, and it is not yet certain that the broader-winged and often larger which have been associated with it are really the same species. In any case both are distinguishable from the rest of the group by tlieir fleshy tone and especially by the position of the postmedian line at the costa. 2 antenna rather slender, with the pectinations 2 or 3 times the diameter of the shaft. The dd have been taken in Natal and the Transvaal. aiicatu. A. alicata Feld. (13 d) is only known from the type, a d from Knysna. The palpus is rather short, the pectinations long and slender and the noticeable sinus between the radials of the hindwing suggests that it may be an usually large relative of the camhogiaria group {Sicyodes). Postmedian line of forewing at costa inter- inediate between those of carneata and aniennaria . anicnnaria. A. ailtennaria Guen. (= imbellata Walk., vilisaria Walk.) (14 i). The acquisition of Guenee’s type (Namaqualand) by the British Museum has enabled a study to be made of its genitalia and established the fact that it is not the common species which has generally been called anieniiaria in this country. The aedoeagus is small, the lateral jwocess of the juxta very short and small, though with a chitinized point at the end. Smaller than most qnmciata, intermediate in colour between that and rufaria, the antemedian spots on the folds not developed. Face tufted; antennal pectinations of the d very long. Only known from western Cape Colony. unUincaia. A. uniliiieata IForr. (= antennaria Janse, nec Guen.) (13 d). Moderate-sized or rather large, in the ty])e form light ochreous brownish, with the oblique postmedian line rather slender, the antemedian line with a dot behind the cell, a feAV weaker dots in a line with it along the fold. Antennal pectinations in both sexes long, d v ith the processes of the juxta rather long, c u r v i n g. Described from Zomba, similar forms known hcmigram- from Barberton and doubtless elsewhere. — ab. ( ?) hemigrammata Mah. was believed to come from the Comoro mrda. Islands but I rather doubt it, as it seems to be nothing but a small, weakly marked miilmeala d- Possibly, how¬ ever, it is an island race awaiting differentiation on better material. In any case the genitalia are identical. jidva. — ab. fulva nov. seems to be the commonest form, at least in 8. Rhodesia and Natal, brighter golden yellow, the postmedian line commonly tliickened, sometimes suggesting a slightly crenulate appearance at its outer edge; generally large; the line of the hindwing generally better traceable above, especially in the $. The latter sex usually has the distal area variegated with pinkish, the hindwing also less white than in the d- Variable. — unilineaia is distributed from Southern Rhodesia to Transkei. A few Nyasa specimens will perhaps prove racially separable, clearly conspecific. johnsionci. A. johnstonei sp. n. (14 i) can scarcely be a small local form of the preceding. Apart from the small size and more rufoiis tinge, its forewing shows a more convex distal margin, intermediate towards the shape of rufaria, which it also approaches in the rather well developed line of the hindwing. Antemedian of fore¬ wing inclined to form 2 spots, as in punctata. Genitalia distingiiishable by having the processes of the juxta straight (but not shortened as in punctata), the cornuti ap])arently less robiast than in unilineata. Songea, Tanganyika Territory (R. J. Johnstone), 3 dd^ kindly presented to the British Mxiseum by the discoverer. A pair from “Manboia" (])rol)ably Mamboia, E. Tanganyika Territory) seems to agree perfectly with them. punctalu. A. punctata Warr. (14 i). More glossy (less irrorated?) than unilmeata, otherwise difficult to distin¬ guish superficially in the d; although making a somewhat different impression. Antemedian line, at least in the typical form, very definitely forming a dark spot at each fold. Natal (the type from AVeenen) and Transvaal; })erhaps also Cape Colony and 8. Rhodesia. The genitalia leave no doubt as to the distinctness of this species ; in particular, the process from the juxta. is considerably shorter, straight and pointed. I have seen no similar to these dd^ though I suspect some mottled ones which I formerly orthohaies. placed among unilineata may belong with it. — $-form. orthobates Prout (14 i) seems to be a prevalent, if not the only, form in this sex. 8omewhat narrow- winged, especially as regards the hindwing. Forewing of a relatively cold, greyish colour, antemedian line not niacidar. Fairly frequent from the Transvaal to Cape Co¬ lony. As no dd ffris coloration are known to me, it evidently belongs with one of the more brightly co¬ loured dd; pi’obably — botli because the tyjre, from Pilgrim's Rest, was collected with a d (extremely rvorn but in sonre respects very similar) whose genitalia are demonstrably punctata and partly because Janse's in¬ vestigations have resulted in associating a variable assemblage as ‘'"orthohates'' — the present is its correct location. simoihsi. A. simonsi sp. n. (14i). Expanse 34 rnm. Much darker than the rest of the antennaria group, heavily rnixed with blackish brown, superficially recalling Derrioides hypenissa (except in the pale, almost unmarked hindwing above), but with the narrower thorax, long pectinations, almost glabrous hindfemur and presence of the 5th (not the 3rd) sid^costal vein indicative of tyj^ical Aspilatopsis . Forewing with termen not quite so strongly convex as in hypenissa, i)ostmedian line at costa rather less near apex, from 3rd radial or 1st median rather more suddenly curved inward; the two spots which, as in punctata, represent the antemedian large, but not very noticeable in the midst of the rest of the dark clouding. Hindwing oidy approaching (^not quite COPHOPHLEBIA; SICYODES. By L. B. Prout. 1 35 reaching) the colour of the forewing at distal margin, the wliitisli proximal area sliowing a very small and weak cell-dot. Underside much as in antennaria, only with the postmedian line of the forewing arising rather further from the apex. Port Elizabeth, May 1919 (Fritz Simons), type ^ in the Transvaal Museum. A. rufaria Warr. (13 d). Broader-winged than antennaria, distal margins noticeably gibbous. Forewing rufnrla. brighter red-orange, hindwing above more distinctly marked than in most of the preceding, its cell-dot very small but distinct, the postmedian line complete, though not very strong. Angola (type),. Nyasa. Transvaal and Natal. A. somereni Front (13 e). Distal margins a little more gibbous than in rufaria, coloration darker, on .^ornercni. account of moderately strong dark-grey irroration; cell-dots slight (on the hindwing not or scarcely discernible), lines slender and not very strong, but the postmedian (even on the hindwing) with noticeable white edge distally . Underside paler (in rufaria strongly reddish), with apex conspicuously whitened, postmedian of hindwing less cremdate and sinuate. Kenya Colony, only ^ known. A. lacuum S'p. n. (13 d). The ^ is very similar to that of somereni but larger (39 mm), the type more tacvum. orange, forewing Avith cell-spot larger, the dark lines thicker, the antemedian sharply angled in the cell. Both wings beneath somewhat as hindwing above, but with some grey irroration. The $ is a little larger (41 mm), much darker, the foreAAdng above being very densely irrorated and strigulated with dark-grey, the irroration also strengthened on hindwing and underside. pectinations 5 or 6 times, about 3 times diameter of an¬ tennal shaft. Marunga Platean (S. W. Tanganyika), 7000 feet, February 1922, a pair collected by T. A. Barns. A. tenoris Front. (^, 36 mm. Forewing narrower than in rufaria, shaped more as in antemiaria; the ieywri«. 4th and 5th subcostals fork unusually near the apex; as far as the postmedian line orange-yellow, with some reddish or vinaceous suffusions and some coarse black dots, distal area brownish vinaceous, with some orange suffusion' cell-spot small, antemedian indicated by a black spot in cell and a streak behind; postmedian almost straight, deepest black at its ends, the line which bounds it distally pale brownish vinaceous. Hindwing with the line rather broad, blackish, the cell-dot obsolescent. Kwatebala (Katanga), only the type known. 11. Genus: Cophoplilebia Warr. Probably a more specialised development of Aspilatoims , agreeing in most characters with the most stoutly built members of that genus. Palpus moderate. Tongue rudimentary. Antenna, even in the $, with long pectinations. Wing-margins irregularly sinuate, the hindwing (especially in the $) more or less strongly crenulate. C. olivata lUarr. (13 e). The type of the genus. The d is always predominantly green, slightly variable oUvaia. in the amount of the light and dark mottlings, but always retaining the pale shade just outside the postmedian. The $ is larger, broad-Avinged, much more suffused with vinaceous or violaceous shades in the proximal and distal areas. Zomba (the type) and distributed from N. W. Rhodesia through Ruanda and East Africa to Abys¬ sinia. C. trimeres sj). 7i. (13 e) can scarcely be a remarkable aberration or local modification of olivata, but irimeres. is in any case worthy of a name. The clean light lemon-yellow ground-colour (possibly more greenish AAdien bred), quite with out cloudings (only Avith very fine and sparse irroration) and the extreme dar¬ kening of the proximal and most of the distal area, far surpassing the contrasted effect of $ olivata, are quite characteristic; antemedian line as oblique as in tullia (J. Underside identical Avith upper. Dungu, Upper Uelle district in September, one in Tring Museum. C. tullia Faiocett (13 e) differs in its redbrown colour, more sinuous postmedian of the hinclAving and tullia. other details. The blackish spot near anal angle of foreAving is inconstant in the $$. S. E. Kenya Colony. — ab. viridescens Faiocett has the same markings, but the median area is green, similar an tone to olivata, and viridescens. this colour also pervades a considerable part of the distal area. The type, from Kedai, is lost, birt the British Museum has 2 good (^<5' from Voi. 12. Genus: Sicyocles Warr. Face generally smoother than in Asjnlatopsis. Antennal pectinations in the 2 very short, sometimes wanting. Build on an average slightly less robust, size in general smalle' . Wing-shape about as in some of the broad-winged Aspilatopsis. Sexual dimorphism, especially in the typical species {cambogiaria), strong. Probably, however, as has been already indicated, As'pilatopsis Avill harm to be made a mere section, if not a synonym, of Sicyodes. Chiefly South African, though reaching Kenya and a part of Belgian Congo. 136 SICYODES. Bv L. B. Prout. cosiipicla. olcarift. algoaria. livieiiaria. coryi. cambogia- ria. iardaria. S. costipicta Prout. Expanse 38 jnm. General coloration bnff, Avith some pink suffusions, the palpus mostly red. Forewing w ith costa almost straight, its edge more strongly spotted AA'ith red than in other hitherto knoAvn Sicyodes, some of the spots longitudinally extended; cell-dot very small and Aveak; lines as in camho- giaria cj: fringe dark Aunaceous proximally, mostly AAdiitish distally. HindAving almost Avhite, except at anal angle and distal part of abdominal margin; line traceable at posterior end only; fringe behind 2nd median as on forcAA'ing, anteriorly Avhite. Belgian Congo: kil. 311 from Kindu, \ — olearis suhsp. nov. (13 e) is probably, by the shape and -red-dotted costa, a race of costipicta, Avhich I cannot noAV compare. Different in its olive- buff or oliA'e-yelloAA' foreAving (cpiite of the same colour as olivescens), incomplete purple-broAvn proximal line of fringe of the foreAA'ing, Avhich from the 1st radial at least to the 1st median is merely represented by spots opposite the veins, less AA'hite and better marked hindAA'ing and underside, the postmedian of the liindAving lAeneath, hoAvever, not arising from a strong costal dash. Transvaal: Nelspruit, October-NoA^ember 1917 (G. H. Brei.jer), 3 (J(^; type in the Transvaal Museum. Differs from olivescens in its straighter, red-spotted costa, more produced apex, more variegated fringes, ]JOStmedian line of foreAA’ing beneath more oblique at its costal end, etc. From Jarse's description and figure (though the latter AA'ould be a someAA’hat Aveak-marked example) I gather that this is obAuously the ""canihogiaria (J'' of that author; probably the similarity of the fringes mis¬ led him. A much more likely (though not yet proven) $ to olearis lies before me in 2 examples, one from ]Moord(h’ift in October, the other from Pretoria North in December; less green than the (light pinkish buff or more yelloAvish. only in the median area of the foreAA'ing AA’ith a tinge of green), costal edge marked as in them, slightly more cui'A’ed near base, termeiiAvith the irregularities of shape intensified and the fringe-mark¬ ings stronger (compare the sex-dimorphism in camhogiaria and others), antenna not pectinate, at most slightly serrate. S. algoaria Feld. (13 e) can scarcely be, as has hitherto been assumed, a large aberration of camhogiaria [hivic.ria). The better deA’eloped postmedian costal spots of the foreAA'ing, better develoj^ed (on the underside dentate) line of the hindAA'ing and especially the spotted fringe of the latter readily distinguish it. ForeAving rather more elongate, AA'ith costa someAA'hat more arched proximally; postmedian line someAA'hat more proxim¬ ally placed than is usual in camhogiaria. — Hmettaria Feld. (13f), collected Avith it at Plettenberg Bay, must surely be the $to algoaria. It sIioaa's similar distinctions from camhogiarm $in the more elongate Avings, prox- inially more arched costa, more proximally placed ])ostmedian line and is further distinguishable by the 2 small antemedian spots, the dee]) iiiAA'ard curve of the fragmentary postmedian at the fold (forming a lunule or — AA'ith the aid of some irroration outside it — a larger part of a moon), little indication of the terminal l)and of ty])ical ccmhogiaria . Fringe-line of foreAA'ing incomplete, someAA’hat as in olearis, of hindAving mxich as in the (algoaria). S. coryi J anise is unknoAA'n to me and no structural description is given, excejxting a very full one of the genitalia, AA'hicli are very similar to those of Eupagia valida and curvifascia ; as, hoAA'ever, its author places it betAveen hiviaria and ocellata in Sicyodes and makes no mention of exceptional palpus or A^enation, I assume that it is rightly placed here. The figure and descri]hion in jnost respects fit algoaria remarkably Avell and it is possible that it AA'ill pro\m a sidxspecies thereof. The fringe of the foreAA'ing, hoAvever, is blackish opposite the last subcostal and the 3 radials (in algoaria here unicolorous yelloAA’-), the Aving is sprinkled throughout, though sparsely, Avith black scales (not discernible in algoaria), the red-l)roAAm fringe-spots of the hindAving are tipped AA'ith black and are not found at the vein-ends behind the 3rd radial (in algoaria continued, though some- AA'hat AA'eakened). I find no other significant difference in the AAhole of Janse’s careful and detailed accoxmt; and it is right to add that he lays the emphasis on the spotted fringe of the h i n d AA'ing and that his key only gives '‘cilia often checpiered”, etc., so that the essential distinctions from algoaria become still slighter. Founded on 3 from Karkloof, Natal. S. camhogiaria Guen. (13 f). Notwithstanding that Janse has done some carefril Avork on the ^ geni¬ talia of the species of this group AA'hich AA'ere accessible to him, there still remains much to be accomplished in the differentiation of the species and forms and the adjAistment of their synonymy. I feel confident, lioAveA^er (notAA'ithstanding that they have not yet been bred from the egg, nor ca]xtured in co])ula), that the tAVo common forms here associated (camhogiaria $ and hiviaria t^), AV'hich occur together in so jnany places, are the sexes of a single species. The name-typical form, AA’hich belongs to the $ only (Guexee's type “cj”, AA'hich I haA’e not seen, and AAdiich AA'as said to be like his AA'ell-knoAvn must, I siqxpose, have been in reality another $), is variable, but readily recognizable by the (shortly) pectinate antenna, the bright yelloAA' colour, red-broAvu or pxirjAle-broAA'n antemedian s]>ots and extended distal clouding on the foreAA'ing, the latter also generally more or less developed on the hindAving. Fringes dark ])roximally, AA'hite (AA’ith dark s])ots op])osite the A’eins) distally. — S-ab. tardaria Walk., founded on a very bad specimen from the Ca])e, is eAudently the forjn (generally small) in AA'hich only the foreAA'ing is reddish-bordered, this colouring paler (not mixed AA'ith fuscous), though some¬ times continuing to rather nearer the costa, the antemedian spots scarcely developed, generally replaced by a more extended, but much AA'eaker, pinkish suffusion; postjnedian line generally a little less irregular, inter¬ mediate toAA'ards that of the i^. Occasional in Gape Colony, the Orange Free State and probably elseAA'here. — Pnhl. 20. I. 193S. SICYODES. By L. B. Pbout. $-ab. (?) simplicior Th.-AIieg, founded on Gfekee's “var. A”, from the Cajje of Good Hope, is inadequately slmplkwr. described; “no violet-brown border, only a feeble and little-prolonged line indicating its ])osition". Tins reads more like (aJgoaria form) limettaria or some other Sicyodes — $-ab. viridescens ‘nov. is like the name-type viride.scens. but with a greenish tone in the grmind-colour (nearly as in warreni). — c?-f. biviaria Guen. (= justaria Wall:., hiviorki. inflectaria Wall'., biferaria Walk.). Typically rather clear yellow, though scarcely so vivid as in cmnhogiaria $, the 2 slender, oblique lines of the forewing well developed above, the ])ostmedian also (exce])t its ])os- terior end) beneath, the hindwing with the ]iostmedian line present in the type beneath, often scarcely indi¬ cated (or only at hindmargin) above. Fringes concolorous, or only darkened behind 2nd median of hindwing. GiTEiSrEE's type was from the Cape, justaria — which differs very little — from Namaqualand; inflectaria and hiferaria, also from the Cape, were rather small poor specimens, ])erhaps weakly marked and transitional to¬ wards ab. paiicaria, but need not separated. A cleaner, white-hindwinged form, rvith the line of the hinrl- wing almost or altogether wanting, which seems to be prevalent in Natal and eastern Clape Colony, wmdd ]>rob- ably be more worthy of a separate name, but has never received one. CTtlot (for Oberthur) figured it from a Verulam cJ, but adapted ( !) it to Guenee's type by showing too clearly the line in cpiestion. — ab. convex- convexarki. aria Walk., from “S. Africa" (Cape Colony) is a very large (J (34 mm), with the lines Avidely separated, but otheiuvise pretty typical. — Q-ab. paucaria Guen. (13 f) as aria is duller-coloiired (more olive-tinged), weakly marked paucarki. the line of the hindwing and that of the underside wanting, or at most shown on the underside by a short costal dash. The type came from Namaqualand; similar examples occur in several parts of Ca]je Colony. — J'-ab. vvalkeri Wllgr. UnknoAvn to me, but as the careful description repeatedly gives the coloration as “ochra- walkerl. ceous" yellow it can scarcely be indentical with -paucaria; it is differentiated from convexaria l)y the absence of the line beneath; above, the hindwing shows this line on the broadly yelknvish posterior part, Irut not on the anterior, which is rvhite. Transvaal, 1 ex])anding “28 mm”. — camhogiaria is distributed from Cape Colony to the Transvaal and I have seen a rather small ^ (not the form tardcria) from Tsumebi. >S. W. Africa. S. gynoloxa sp. n. (13f). Expanse 26 — 30 mm. Similar in colour to de-missa (described below), the (lynoloxa. wings 2nore elongate, tornus of foreAA'ing more rounded off. The palpus and the pectinations appear slightly longer; $ pectinations very short, little longer than diameter of shaft. Eorewing with miniite but black cell- dot; antemedian (rvlien discernible) very obliqiie from radial fold near cell-dot to about % hindmargin, in $ represented by a reddish spot at fold; postmedian very oblique from near apex to hindmargin at aboiit in the (J very faintly biciirved (oritwardly in anterior half, inwardly in ])osterior), in the $ obsolescent in front of 1st radial, followed by a weak reddish suffusion in distal area; fringe jiroximally scarcely different fro.m the ground-colour in the (J, redder in the $, in both sexes with (darker) red spots at vein-ends, distally white. Hind¬ wing without markings, proximally and anteriorly paler than forewing; fringe concolorous. Underside almost without markings or (in the type with an incomplete, curved postmedian line, reaching costa (thoiigh here very slender) at least 2 mm from apex and ])reeeded in and before cell by some rdnaceous fhish. 8. W. Africa: Koffnung, E. of Windhoek, 1850 m, two pairs, including the type; Bellerode, 27 km E. of Windhoek, 1800 m, one pair; all collected by Cr. K. Jordan in October 1933, some unfortunately worn. S. olivescens Warr. (13 f). distinguishable from that of ca-mhogiar-ia by its olive-lake or citi'ine colour oUvescens. (occasionally greyer or fleshy), slightly more convex distal margin, whitish edging to the lines, etc.; from olear-is by the characters there indicated. The name-typical race is distributed in the Transvaal and somewhat variable in size and colour and in the exact course of the lines. Its (probable) $ is similar to that mentioned under olearis, but vutli the antenna (shortly) pectinate. — demissa subsp. nov. Size of the smallest olivescens (24 mm), deitiissa. in structiire, the reddish colour of paljms, ])ur])lish antennal shaft and legs and general design of the almost identical with it (jwobalAly a Avell-defined local race). Eorewing perhaps slightly nan’ower. Head, body, fore¬ wing and distal part of hindwing pale fleshy brownish, a trifle paler than the vinaceous-buff of Ridgavay. Cell- dot of foreAving minute (scarcely visible to the naked eye), costal margin not spotted (beneath narroAAdy rosy from base to near middle of cell), lines highly oblique, very pale olive-buff, relatively broad, their darker ed¬ ging in median area very slender and incons}hcuous, postmedian very faintly incurved betAveen 3rd radial and 2nd submedian; fringe brighter (more cinnamon), tipped Avith Avhite. HimlAvdng Avhitish in anterior part and cell, shading gradually into the more buff colour; fringe mostly pale, becoming cinnamon near anal angle. Underside rather pale, the postmedian and its dark edging traceable across the Aving, from about the 2nd radial curving so as to qiut the position occupied on the up])erside and run to the costa at least 2 mm from apex; fringe nearly as above. 8. W. Africa: Otavifontein, near Otavi, 19 November 1933, type 8issekab, N. W. of Otavi, 14 November 1933, a rather worn both collected by Dr. K. Jordan. — ab. bicolor nov., a from hicolor. Okahandja (R. E. Turner) has the same rather narroAV foreAving (expanse 25 mm) but retains the greenish tone from base of forewing to postmedian and again on the fringe, the rest as in the type of demissa. — arussiensis subs-p. nov. is a relatively large (29 or 30 mm), broad-AA'inged form of a pale broAvnish colour, anissicnsis. otherAA'ise presenting nearly the same aspect as dxrndssa and AA'ith the same proximally red fringe; postmedian line scarcely so broad, a little more deeply incurved posteriorly; both AA’ings (the foreAA'ing especially) AA'ith XVI 18 138 EUPAGIA. By L. B. Peout. a distinct red cell-dot. Aiussi-Galla ; Ginir, 14 March 1901 (Eelanger), 1 in the Tring Museum. The hind¬ wing beneath, at least in this specimen, has a jDostmedian costal spot as in cosfipicta. orellala. S. ocellata Warr. (13 f). Founded on a from ‘'Natal”, without more exact localisation, is best dis¬ tinguished from all the preceding Sicyodes by the ocellated, not punctiform, cell-mark of the foreudng. The grorind-colour of the forewing in the type is pale fawn with an olivaceous tinge and it has some rather charac¬ teristic, though small, blackish vein-spots on the postmedian line anteriorly. A ^ from Durban, very little larger than the type is more brown, siiffused with ochreous, but is assumed to be the typical ^ form; iniuens. antenna very shortly pectinate. — $-f. intuens Prout ( ? sp. div.) (13 g) can be as small as the type but at times reaches an expanse of 40 mm and is chiefly distinguished by its considerably enlarged cell-spot, which has a diameter of about 1,5 mm and consists of a blackish, red-mixed ring (or square, with blunted corners), the enclosed area wliite-grey, sprinkled with blackish, occasionally so densely as to appear black-grey. Ground¬ colour variable, pale pinkish cinnamon or cinnamon-buff. Known from Sarnia, Natal (the type), Zululand and oenopa. Cape Colony. — ab. (?) oeiiopa nov. is a very beautiful form, of which a $ was taken at Katberg (E. Cape Province) in March by Mr. R. E. Turner (typical intuens in October and December). Forewing glossy vandyke-red (or slightly pxxrplish), without grey irroration or strigulation, excepting a few blackish marks at costa, costal region in proximal area more brick-red, hindwing pale, with inclination to the forewing colour at hindmargin, especially near the angle; lines of forewing slender, buff, rather approximated posteriorly, cell- spot almost clean white, very slenderly blackrimmed. Underside suffused wdth vinaceous, otherwise more typical than upj)er, the vein-dots at the pale postmedian of the forewing developed from costa to 1st median vein. As the hindwing looks slightly more gibbous between the radial fold and the 1st median, it is possible that this may be a separate species. tmrreni. S. warrcni sp. n. {= cambogiaria Warr., 1903, nec Guen.) (13 g). 28 — 34 mm; $ 31 — 34 mm. Palpus red or reddish. Antennal pectinations in ^ rather long, in $ slender, shortish-moderate. Forewing in ^ typically reed yellow, slightly suffxised with olive-yellow, very rarely yellower, and even then more tinged W'ith green than in cambogiaria (J; in $ about as in the lastmentioned (J, rarely (if ever) as in typical cam¬ bogiaria $; a slight (occasionally copious) sprinkling of dark scales; costal edge narrowly reddish proximally, then generally with some red (or distally more fuscous) dots; cell-spot typically (in about 66 per cent.) more or less large (up to 1 mm diameter), fuscous with a slight vinaceous admixture, almost solid or with a pale pupil, which may be larger than a dot and somewhat vinaceous (G) or yellowish ( ^); G ''vith antemedian line occasionally, postmedian never, quite obsolete, the former the less oblique, at times marked with dots on some of the veins, the latter reaching costa near apex, rather variable, almost always dotted on the veins anteri¬ orly, at times throughout; fringe proximally fuscous (or mixed reddish and fuscous), distally white, with dark vein-spots. Hindwing appreciably bulged about the 3rd radial, generally wdiitish, occasionally more drab (or vinaceous-drab), in the type-form of the cj conspicuously green tow'ards tornus; the line only reiiresented by a curved mark posteriorly, in the $ and often in the with some browm or fuscous marking at the tornus itself; fringe behind 2nd median about as that of forewing, the rest jxale, virtually unmarked. Underside in (J generally very pale green, the forewdng with a moderate or large amount of drxll or brighter vinaceous suf¬ fusion and wdth brighter rosy costa. Kikuyu Escarpment, February — March 1901, an extremely variable irroruia. series of 25 and 7 $$ (see Novitates Zoologicae, Vol. 9, p. 536). — (J-ab. irrorata nov. (13 g) is strongly olivesens. irrorated, the postixiedian line reduced to vein-dots. — ^J-ab. oHvesens nov. The non-ocellated S'!’© gener¬ ally more olive-green, with the lines themselves sometimes w'eakened, but tending to develop wdiite edgings, culminating in an ab. extraordinarily like Warren’s type of olivescens. Only the existence of transitions prevents our believing that tw-o species (representing perhaps the olivescens and ocellata of South Africa) decipiens. are here mixed. — $-ab. decipiens nov. (13 g). Only 1 $ is quite similar to the typical (Jd', another (probably not needing a separate name) much yellow'er and Avith an antemedian spot in the fold, a third AA'ith the post¬ median thicker and redder, obsolescent in front of the 1st radial, the antemedian represented by red markings at fold. The other 4 (which I unite as ab. decipiens) are deceptively similar to typical $$ of cambogiaria, all, hoAvever, wdth a patch of the ground-colour (larger or smaller) at midtermen, one in addition Avith much yel- low'ish mottling on the posterior part of the dark border; in one of the four the cell-spot of the foreAAdng is obsolete; usually, the antemedian maculation is extended; none have the bordered hindAAdng of typical cam¬ bogiaria. P. 13. Genus: £ii|>ag^ia Walk. The genotype, determinata Walk., is much like an overgroAvn Axiodes and is perhaps linked thereAA'ith by one or tA\m species, notably A. ennomaria ; see the generic descrijition of Axiodes. Longer AA’inged than Derrioides (the most hairy genus of the Drepanogynis group AAdiich AA'e have yet discussed), AA'ith the distal margins crenulate or dentate, face AA'ith a strong, moderately coixipact tuft, vertex AA’ith a similar tuft (some- AXIODES. By L. B. Prout. 139 what recalling that of the Palaearctic Gompso'ptera, though scarcely so well developed), some loose hair over¬ hanging the eye. Palpus long, the 1st and 2nd joints heavily and closely scaled. Pectinations in the (J long, in the $ short. Forewing with cell a little longer than in Derrioides; 5th subcostal in the wanting (as in Derrioides, etc.). Probably no other known species is strictly congeneric with determinata ; but canilinea and rohertsoni are provisionally associated with it on account of their similar shagginess; while curvifascia and valida are still more precariously made a section of Eujyagia, almost solely on the evidence of the long palpus and frontal tuft and a general agreement in venation. A. Build slender, hairiness not extreme; wings ample, s m o o t h - mar¬ gined. E. curvifascia Prout (13 g). 2nd joint of palpus beneath with rather long, lax hair-scales. Antennal curvifascia. pectinations of the ^ moderate ($ not yet definitely known). Recognizable by the apical spot or dash, the broad lines (mixed reddish and blackish), curvature of the postmedian, etc.; cell-dot quite small. Cfrahams- town (type), Cape Town and Kalk Bay. E. valida Warr. (13 g). Nearly related to curvifascia, slightly different in shape, apical spot wanting, valida. lines brown, antemedian of forewing slender, line of hindwing fairly well developed; but the most striking distinction is in the large cell-spot of the forewing. Founded on a $ from Barberton, which I have not seen and whose antenna is not described. Has also occurred singly in Natal (Impetyeni Forest) and Pondoland (Umtali). B. Build robust, hairiness extreme; wings less broad, r o u g h e r - s c a 1 e d, typically with c r e n a t e distal margins ( Eufmgia ) . E. canilinea Prout (13 h). Head and thorax at least as shaggy as in the genotype, 2rd joint of palpus canilinea. much less long (the entire palpus little over 1 1/2 times diameter of eye. Wing-margins slightly waved, not crenate, costa of forewing nearly straight. The speckled or irrorated appearance of the wings, the hoary scal¬ ing of the postmedian and its pronounced inward bend between the 3rd radial and 2nd median are distinctive. Kalk Bay. E. rohertsoni Prout (13 h). Expanse 4,0 — 45 mm. Frontal tuft not strong. Palpus nearly as in cani- rohertsoni. lincc, loosely haired. Antennal pectinations of the E rather less long than in determinata. Both Avings with termen at least as nearly smooth as in canilinea, costal margin of forewing slightly concave, as in Axiodes (to which Janse removes it). The grey tone, broad median area of the forewing, almost regular postmedian and rather weakly marked hindwing render it easy of recognition. Kalk Bay (type) and Stellenbosch. E. determinata Walk. (— aropisaria Walk., mosegata Feld.) (13 h). The largest Eupagia and recog- determinata. nizable at once by its shape and the structural characters given at the head of the genus. Variable in colour from pale brownish to strongly reddish. South Africa, all the types probably from Cape Colony; known also from Orange Free State, Basutoland, Natal and Transvaal. E. nigerrima Swinh. (13 h). Founded on a (J from '‘Abyssinia”, which remains unique. Vestiture hairy, nigerrima. but the thorax not quite so broad as in the 3 preceding. Palpus quite moderate. Antennal pectinations not very long. ForcAA'ing very dark grey, AA'ith an intenmpted, curiously shaped broAvn-blackish band beyond the middle, partly edged Avith pale scales. HindAving less dark, outer line present, but not intense. 14. Genus: Axioiles Warr. As intimated above, this might be sunk as at most a section of Eupagia AA'ithout rendering that genus any more incongruous. As, however, Axiodes embraces the great majority of the species, including a consi¬ derable number Avhich are very closely related inter se and Av^ell removed from Eupagia determinata, it seems definitely preferable to conserAm it. Face, palpus, thorax above and beneath and femora all exceptionally hairy, croAA'n AA'ith a projecting tuft or hood in front; in partierdar the long hairy clothing of the first and second joints of the palpus is characteristic, while the long, slender, exposed terminal joint stands out in striking contrast. Antenna of the d Avith long or moderate pectinations; of the $ very shortly pectinate or simple. Forewing with costa slightly concave, termen somewhat crenulate, variably in degree; hindwing crenulate, very Available in degree. Subcostal venation of the foreAA'ing less stable than in most of the preceding genera; normally it is the 3rd subcostal which it is wanting, but in hipartita and sinuata it is quite unequivocally the 5th (i. e., no subcostal runs to the termen), while some others (at least the species from inangulata to da.mi) are equHocal, as the last subcostal that is present runs out only just behind the apex. A somewhat numerous genus, con¬ fined to South Africa, chiefly in Cape Colony. 140 AXIODEfS. By L. B. Prout. en>wniaria. ttgrypua. iiidcquol'is. trvtuyi. curvaria. hi partita. inangiilata. rujigriaeu. fortiiim- haia. sect ills. A. ennomaria Warr. (13 h). Variable, but the only light l)rowii or ochreous Axiodes yet kno-\vn. As already noted, it comes near Eupagia ; but inasmuch as it is the 3rd subcostal, not the 5th, which is wanting in the A palpus is not typically (thoixgh fairly long) I retain it in the genus to which it was origin¬ ally assigned. Tuft on vertex more compact than in most Axiodes. Cape Colony. A. agrypna sp. n. ( 12 c. as ,,acryph(rt'). Wing-sha^xe an exaggeration of that of ennomaria, in that the teeth are stronger and a jxronoxmced curve of the distal margin between the 3rd radial and tornus produces a strong prominence at the former. Palpixs long and upturned, much \\\ ennomaria. Tuft from vertex very slight ; fillet and base of antenna white; antenna non-ixectinate for some distance from base, reaching its (shortly) pectinate jxart through gradually increasing serrations. Abdomen very robust. Colour warmer and deeper (more red) than in any ennomaria, farther distinguished by the straightish, firm postmedian line on both wings and especially Ixy the oval dark, white-centred cell-mark of the forexving. This is present also on the underside, which has the rest of the markings much weaker than above, the xxostmedian curved, more nearly parallel with the termen. Fringes above and beneath dark, distally Avhite between the veins. E. Cape Province ; Katberg, 4UU0 feet, November 1932 (R. E. Turner), 3 $$ in the British Museum. A. inaequalis Prout (12 f) is characterized by the irregular distribution of the grey and rust-brown colours of the forewing, as well as by its longitudinal striation. Deelfontein (the type, here figured) and Bloem¬ fontein. A. irvingi Janse is said to be nearly related to inaequalis, at least as regards the genitalia. Expanse 4t) mm. Tongue Aveak. ForeAving (xredominantly light grey, AA'ith pale broAA ii suffusion proximally to the sub¬ terminal line; the AAdiitish subterminal band not (like the pale area of ina.equ.aJis) continued along the hind- margin; antemedian line irregular, defined by black distally, by IxroAvn proximally; an irregular broAA'n post¬ median shade-line, highly dentate, running from near apex to hindmargin, more proximally, posteriorly broaden¬ ed. HindAving AA'ith a strongly sinuate postmedian line. Bloemfontein, in Jxine, only the type knoAA'n. A. curvaria Dewitz (18 a). Larger than inaequalis, the foreAAung diAuded into more e q vi a 1 portions Ixy the sinuous longitudinal line; the line of the hindAA'ing considerably more proximally placed. C'ape, only the type knoAA'ii to me. A. bipartita Warr. (13 i). Grey, the postmedian line still more oblicpxe than in irvingi and not dentate, the broAvn shade jjroximal to it shading off iiiAA'ards and foi’AA'ards into the ground-colour; hindAA'ing almost unmarked; both AA'ings AA'ith a small cell-dot. Kalk Bay. A. inailgulata Warr. (13 i). A rather small and soberly marked s]xecies, Ixut unmistakable on account of the extremely acute iiiAA'ard angle of the highly oblique postmedian line at the fold. Cape Colony, the type from the NieuAAA'eld Mountains; also from Smithfield, Orange Free State. A. rufigrisea Warr. (12 h). Costal margin unusually concave. BroAA'iiish grey, the foreAA'ing typically tinged AA'ith rufous proximally to the antemedian, in some s])ecimens AA'ith bluish grey, Ixoth lines crenulate or dentate, sharply dentate at fold, cell-dot small; hindAA'ing suffused AA'ith broAA'n, the postmedian indicated by its ]xaler edging. (J pectinations — as -Tanse grajxhically says — reaching to “about ten times [diameter of] shaft in length and spread in all directions.'’ Cape, the type from Cape Toaaii. A. fortilimbata sp. n. (12 f). Pectinations as in rufigrisea. The di*ab-grey ground-colour of the fore¬ AA'ing sometimes (type) suffxised Avith taAA'ny-oliAm about the A'eins; ])roximal and distal areas almost entirely fuscous; lines indistinct, taAA'ny-olive, sometimes much darkened AA'ith grey, formed of shalloAA' lunules betAA'een the veins, the antemedian very oblique (irregularly) from hindmargin to the median A'eins, here A'ery acutely angled to become oblique imvard, its anterior part more or less obliterated Ixy an extension of the proximal dark area, the postmedian less irregular. HindAA'ing drab, broadly dark-bordered. Underside AA’ith the dark borders also moderately aacII develo^xed. Type ^ (AA'ith the borders not qxnte so broad as in the figixred E) Horn Springboksfontein, Namaqualand; the second (J, AA'ith a handAA'ritten and xxnfortunately quite illegible locality, Septenxber 1885; Ixoth acquired by the British Museum from an old collection. A. sectilis sp. n. (13 i) is also characterized by the heavily darkened borders, that of the hindAA'ing still broader, of the foreAA’ing above reduced to a narroAA', internqrted subterminal streak. Quite different in its grey colour, AA'hite apical mark (smaller than that of dochmohuca), finely AA'hite lines, totally different course of postmedian (recalling wa?;pxdffia) and (consequent) characteristic posterior half of median area; in some spe¬ cimens (including the type) a AA'hite line on the Ixase of the 1st median A'ein cuts this area into tAA'o. Fringes, especially of hindAA'ing, strongly marked Avith AA'hite. Expanse 28 — 30 mm. Ca]xe Province: Worcester, Sep¬ tember — October, 6 1 Matjesfontein, November, 2 (^(J; all AA’ere collected by Mr. R. E. Turner for the British Museum. The antennal pectinations of the 5' are long, bxit much less extreme and more regular than AXIODES. By L. B. Pkout. 141 in the two preceding; those of the $ very short, inangidata is narrower winged, more tinged with brownish, witli- out the dark borders, the cell-dots j^resent, the postmedian line without a lobe jnst in front of the 2nd sid)- inedian vein. A. doclimoleuca Proia ( 1 3 h as ,,dochmohuca‘'). One of the snialle.st Axiodes, generally easy to distinguish ddrhmolcu- froin similarly coloured forms l)y the strong black streak from apex and the white streak or prtch in front thereof, Avhich invades a part of the median area, not rarely weakening or obliterating the ])ostmedian in crossing it. Post- median much less oblique than in mangulata and sect His, merely incurved at fold and with a small outward tooth at 2nd submedian. Locally common in Cape Colony; occasional also in Orange Free State and Basutoland and aboiit JohannesbiTrg. It is considered to be very variable; there may he two or three sx^iecies mixed, but as no very definite structural distinctions have yet been found I leave them provisionally as forms of dochttw- leuca (probably incipient species). — praefidens /. ( ? sp.) nov. (12 a). A slightly broader winged, ^ perhaps iimcfidens. with the pectinations a trifle shorter and more pointed than in dochnioleuca $; median area of forewing pale, with little suffusion, perhaps on an average broader, this effect sometimes enhanced by a shortening of the central projection of the anteniedian; sxibterminal band with the jjosterior spot apparently always strongly darkened. Katberg, 4000 feet, November and December (R. E. Turner), 3 1$ in the British Museum. A worn $ from Resolution, Albany District, April 1928 (A. Walton) in the Transvaal Musexim probably be¬ longs here. — cosmeta /. ( ? sp.) nov. (12 h). Proximal and much of distal area cinnamon-buff to antimony msmeia. yellow, median area darkened, postmedian line rather regxdarly and neatly curved, a subtriangxxlar dark cloud behind the apical streak. ^ pectinations apparently a little shorter. Deelfontein, type and 2 other among dochmole^oca. — Similarly coloured, but larger, examples from Katberg (1 cj, 1 $) seem to have the pectinations as in docJwioleuca (or a little longer), but await more material for their elucidation. A. dami sp. n. (13 i as ,,da7iH‘). Very like an overgrown doclimoleuca, especially to the least brown-suffu- dmui. sed, most sharply marked examples. Expanse 34 — 35 mm. Forewing with veins finely blackened ; a conspicuous cell-dot; anteniedian line much less acutely angled before middle than in doclimoleuca, crossing the median proximally to the origin of its 2nd branch; ])roximal dark shade of subterminal rather evenly develo])ed. Fringes sharply chequered, distally with clear white spots. Kastrol Nek, January (G. van Son), 5 type in the Transvaal Museum. A. interscripta Prouf. Expanse 30 mm. Wings a little broader (or relatively shorter) than in most Interscrlpla Axiodes. Forewing grey, in places with strong white irroration, notably in proximal area and in an obliquely bounded band from near apex outside the po.stmedian; the latter is incurved centrally, not (as in doclimoleuca etc.) at the fold. Hindwing more brownish, with a broad, but not sharply defined, fuscous terminal or sub¬ terminal band. Cape Colony: Willowmore; Bechuanaland : Kuruman. A. sinuata Warr. (13 i) may be knoivn by its browner tinge, black lines, the shape of the postmedian, slmiata. consequent extreme narrowing of the median area posteriorly, the dark shades not within it, Init o u t side the black lines, the cell-spot larger than in the preceding group. Distal margin of both ivings crenulate or dentate, aspect somewhat EupagioAhke. Cape Colony; also known from Johannesburg. A.intricata Warr. ( 13 i as , iniribatW). Rather larger, the brown chiefly confined to the ]irincipal veins of the Intricata. forewing, the postmedian line quite differently formed, narrowly pale-edged distally, a subterminal light-grey band extended almost to termen. Only the original pair, from the foot of the Nieuwveld Mountains, yet known. A. carbolignea sp. n. (14 k). Antenna rather long, pectinations fairly stout, those of the $ very short, carhoVujnca slightly fusiform. Very much like tracliyacta Proud, but with termen a])preciably crenulate in the parts where in tracliyacta it is almost smooth, the median area of the forewing more solidly dark, the curves of the ante- median more angidar, the postmedian less dentate. Vredendal, Cape Colony, 23 — 30 July 1927 (G. van Son), 5 AS, 1 ?, iiot variable; type in Transvaal Museum. A. trachyacta Proud. Expanse 35 mm. Narrow -ivinged, the forewing only crenulate (weakly) from 1st imchyacia. radial to 1st median. Pale ochreous grey, in part shaded with reddish, distal area of forewing remaining pale; lines of forewing black, anteniedian deeply excurved in anterior half, incurved at fold ; postmedian from costa (2 mm from ajiex) to nearly hindmargin, irregularly dentate. 1 S fi’om Willowmore, Cajie Colony. A. synclinia sp.n. (14 k). Pectinations as in figurata. Ground-colour browner; median area of fore- .s//«c7iai«. wing more uniformly darkened, its white boundary-lines sharper, quite distinctively shaped, the anteniedian with a projection along the median vein. White line of hindwing also sharp. Pretoria, August 1925 (C. J. Swierstra), 1 S ill fii6 Transvaal Museum. A. figurata Warr. (14 k). Pectinations of the S long and rather stout. Pale grey, the median area flguraia. slightly more brownish and ivitli a proximally ill-defined darker shade just inside the postmedian, sharply .142 GONODONTIS. By L. B. Prout. contrasting -with the clean area of the ground-colour outside it. The type is a very small (30 mm) from the NieuAVveld Mountains; a short series from Annshaw (Cape' Colony), one of which is here figured, is somewhat connnuiaia. larger; other known localities are Cape Town and Dunhrody. — commutata suhsp. ( ? sp.) nov. (= figurata (J part., Janse). Considerably larger (42 — 44 mm) the curvature of the lines somewhat smoother, postmedian not incurved between the radials. median area suffused in posterior half, much more than twice as broad at costa than at hindmargin. “S. Africa” (I believe Natal) (J. A. Clark), type in my collection. A second from White River, Transvaal, in coll. South African Museum. tripartUa. A. tripartita Prout (14 k). Much like a less crenulate-margined figurata, but with the ground-colour clearer whitish grey (less irrorated with darker grey), the darkest clouding, more as in commutata, in the posterior half of the median area; antemedian line much less excurved, postmedian without denticulation, but with first bend b e h i n d the 3rd radial. Cape Colony; Annshaw, only the type known. rhodampu.r. rhodanipyx sp. n. (14 k). Remarkably distinct in the deep green forewing and thorax above and the bright red head and front of thorax. Antennal pectinations about as in figurata. Lines of forewing black, very slenderly pale-edged on their reverse sides; fringe slightly paler green. Underside largely suffused with reddish, postmedian indicated. Vredendal, Cape Colony, July 1927 (G. vak Son), 1 (J in Transvaal Museum. iusciaia. A. insciata Feld. (15 b). The unique type, a from Swellendam (Cape Colony), is faded, but was pro¬ bably never so bright and variegated as in Felder’s figure, here copied. The general coloration, however, and the course of the tAvo AAdiite, only feebly dark-edged lines render the species absolutely unmistakable. Infasclata. A. bifasciata Detvitz (14 k). Again abundantly distinct, not only in the zigzag Avhite bands, large and elongate AA'hif e cell-rings and terminal dashes between the veins (extended on to the fringe), but also in the maculafion of the liindAAung. Cape and reaching Orange Free State and TransA^aal. 15. Genus; Ooiiocloiitii^ ilh. (See Vol, 4. p. 330.) Another genus of robust, more or less shaggy or strongly hairy species, but AA’ith simpler venation, all the veins being present in the forewing in both sexes, the 1st and 2nd subcostals arising separately, the 1st occasionally anastomosing slightly AAuth the costal, the 2nd at times connected AA'ith the 3rd — 4th. In all the knoAAm African species the antenna of the d is well pectinate; that of the $ is generally simple, in belli shortly pectinate. Hindtibia not dilated, all the siours developed. The genus has a AAude distribution in the Palaearctic and Himalayan Regions and is represented (though very sparingly) in North America; in Africa, so far as is yet knoAAui, it is almost exclusively eastern and southern. The species have generally a distinctive facies, though there is some variation in shape. >See mrther Vol. 4, p. 330. j)crple.vafa. G. perplexata Warr. (15 b), described as a Dyscio, evidently belongs here. In Aving-shape (Avith the margins almost smooth) and in general aspect reminiscent of some Drepanog ynis ; indeed some confusion has arisen between it and D. incondita, from AAdiich the venation, less extremely long pectinations, larger and more ocellated cell-spots and especially the strongly-marked hindAving beneath (large cell-spot, punctiform post¬ median and rather broad, though ill-defined subterminal shade) readily distinguish it. The $ is larger and rather broader Avinged than the figured (J. Discovered at the foot of the Nieuwweld Mountains, together AA’ith D. in¬ condita; knoAA ii also from Deelfontein. According to the genitalia, near paliscia. humulcm. G. homalcs Prout. Only knoAAur from the type from Groenvei, Eastern Pretoria district. Rather larger than perplexata, expanding 44 mm. ForeAving Avith apex minutely produced, terinen otherAA'ise smooth, slightly gibbous in anterior half; tone very pale drab, much less irrorated than in perjilexata, cell-ring rather large, postmedian line only indicated by a costal dash. HindAving shading off to Avhitish proximally, the cell- spot Avanting aboAm, very small beneatli. Face prominent, slo])ing, AA’ith a tuft below. I iioaa" strongly suspect it is a Pareclipsis . Palpus about tAvice as long as diameter of eye. sildoneura. G. stictoneura Prout (18 c). Probably nearer to perple.mta, though more yelloAvish, less irrorated, the cell-rmg of the foreAving more inclined to break up into dots, the vein-dots on the lines strong, the postmedian accompanied distally by a pale line. Underside closely similar to that of perplexata. Cape Toavii to Kalk Bay. iutegmrla. G. integraria Ouen. (15 c), founded on a $ from “Abyssinia", is only knoAAn to me from Gfenee’s description and Oberthur’s figure, here reproduced. From these I judge that it differs from perplexata and stictoneura in its someAAhiat more rounded foreAving, narroAver cell-mark (on the underside linear), absence of the iiiAvard curve in the posterior half of the postmedian and in the underside, Avhich apparently sIioaa’s no traces of a subterminal shade. GONODONTIS. By L. B. Prout. \4-?, G. noctuodes Warr. (15 d), on which was founded a supei'fluous genus Buttia, is rather smaller and noclunrJcfi. much darker than 'per])lexata (15 b), the pectinations a little shorter and stouter, the apex of the forewing less acute, the postmedian line on both wings more deeply inbent between the radials, the cell-mark of the hind¬ wing small and weak, the forewing beneath more suffused and weak-marked, the STd)terminal shade of the underside wanting. Foot of Nieuwveld Mountains, only the type known. G. paliscia Prout in a measure links the preceding group (in which the anterior part of the termen of ixtlisr'ia. the forewing is only waved, or in homales cpiite smooth) with erebaria, which definitely approaches the shape of the more typical Gonodontis of the Palaearctic Region. Larger than erebaria (about 44 mm), pectinations longer, crenulations of termen slight, irrorations and cloudings of forewing strong, dark fuscous, in ])articular a band-like proximal shading to the postmedian (in this and the form of the antemedian line recalling Crocallis boisduvalaria, Vol. 4, pi. 15 g); postmedian twice incurved, i. e. at both folds. Hindwing above comparatively pale, the cell-si^ot shadowy. Underside strongly marked, the ])ostmedian of the hindwing thick, lunulate- dentate, with a dee]) V-shaped angle inward at the radial fold; dark shades of outer area present, interrupted, on the forewing anterior only, but extended to the apex. Stellenbosch, Cape Colony; also Cape Town? G. erebaria Crfiiew. (15 c). Distinguishable from all the other South African Gonodontis (unless indecoraria erebaria. is a sj)ecies) by its shape and tone. The original expanded about 40 mm, but most of the known to me are considerably less (down to 34 mm). Forewing beneath not strongly marked, but showing the ill-defined beginning of a brown subterminal band, reaching about to the 2nd radial. Pectinations moderate (3 or 4 times diameter of shaft). Cape (loc. typ.) and Pondoland. Variation not great, but puzzding, consisting in the form of the lines. The (generally very weak) antemedian commonly runs tolerably direct from costa to the bend at the fold, but sometimes it is bent (or bluntly angled) ab both folds (as in ab. ? indecoraria)-, the degree of sinuosity of the postmedian also varies. — ab. (?) indecoraria Walk., a worn from “S. Africa’’ (Cape) is indecoraria. rather dark, except terminally, and has the antemedian as noted above, the postmedian so nearly straight that I first thought it should be a species, but intermediates perhaps occur; the termen also seems slightly less den¬ tate than in erebaria. A d' from Stellenbosch has the same postmedian, b)it is not so dark and has the ante¬ median only once bent (at fold). The genitalia show no tangible differences, but there may be some in the number of pectinated antennal joints. G. craterias s-p. n. (15 d). Only known from the $, which — like that sex in erebaria and some others — craierias. has the teeth of the distal margin of the forewing stronger than in Gonodontis SS of this group. Both wings rather narrow, the forewing with fuscous suffusions, much as in p)dLliscia, both wings with rather strong irrora- tion, that of the forewing blacker; the conspicuously black cell-spot of the forewing gives it a distinctive ap¬ pearance, otherwise the markings are similar to those of erebaria but more angular, the antemedian with a strong tooth outward in the cell in addition to the submedian curve or angle. Arusha district, Tanganyika Territory: Old Lengui Crater, 5000 feet, March 1921 (type); Ngorongoro Crater, 5800 feet, February 1921 (paratype, here figured); both collected by the late T. A. Barns. G. acyrthoria sp. n. Expanse 43- 44 mm. G pectinations long. Forewing with terminal teeth small acyrthoria. and blunt in the sharp in the $ (as is also the apex). Red-brown, more fuscous in the d', the principal veins lighter; antemedian line obsolescent in the G, better expressed in the $; postmedian straight, whitish, )inusually distally placed; terminal dots rather large. Forewing beneath paler and greyer as far as the postmedian, costally and distally tinged with cinnamon-buff, cell-mark weak, a white or light-grey apical spot ; hindwing rather browner than above, cell-mark and postmedian strengthened, the latter especially on the veins. AV. Kivu: Lowowo Valley, S. Lowa district, 4000 feet, in Mountain forest, March 1924, wet season, 2 d'ej ^ ? collected by T. A. Barns. — camerunica su,bs'p. nov. (15 c) is a rather bright and glossy form, nearly like the $ type in colour, camernnica. but with the veins less strongly differentiated, terminal dots weaker, cell-spots somewhat enlarged, line of hindwing bent before reaching hindmargin. Mt. Cameroon: Musake, 6350 feet, January 1932 (Miss i\I. Steele), 4 (JeJ, type in the British Museum. G. ochroneura sp. n. Expanse 46 mm. In structure and coloration close to acyrthoria . Forewing slightly ockroncura. greyer, the distal area also somewhat suffused with grey, therefore less strongly contrasted; veins rather sharply pinkish-buff; antemedian line white, very slender posteriorly, less so anteriorly, at costa 5 mm from base, strongly oblique outward to middle of cell, slightly less so to median vein, excurved between this and 2nd sub¬ median, strongly oblique inward to hindmargin at 6 mm; cell-mark as in azelinaria (15 d); postmedian fine, less near termen than in acyrthoria, more sinuous; terminal dots weak; fringe clouded with grey. Hindwing as in acyrthoria or slightly darker. Underside with the veins more brightly buff than in acyrthoria, distal area of forewing scarcely differentiated; postmedian line strongly punctiform, on the hindwing crenulate and Avith slight curve inward between the radials and prominence at 3rd radial. W. Kivu: Middle Lowa Valley, near 'Walikah, 3000 — 4000 feet, in forest, February 1924 (T. A. Barns), 1 May conceivably be a form of aze- 144 GONODONTIS. By L. B. Prout. iVicj/rtd. a-cJinaria. riirticdsid . orofjrapli ini. ae»to)i id rid. cu pages. add did. linaria, but fuscous (not cinnamon), the veins more outstanding, the antemedian more oblique anteriorly, the postmedian angled instead of lobed in the middle, the hindwing and underside darker. A smaller (38 mm) and perha])s slightly broader winged A from Ran. Nandi Country, with the cell-spots slightly less developed, may re])resent a separate race or a mere aberration. — A (J from Kampala looks somewhat shorter and broader winged still, and as the terminal teeth of its forewing are scarcely so strong, the veins less sharply differentiated, the median area more infuscated. I s\ispect it may prove to be a separate species; aidna suhsp. (? sj).) nov. — dicyrta ( ? sp.) nov. (15 d) is another somewhat doidjtful, broad-winged form, smaller than oclironev,ra (39 — 41 mm), the cell-mark of the forewing much as in the type form, that of the hindwing feebly developed; dark irroration and strigulation not intense, veins not notably ])ale, antemedian of forewing scarcely white- edged, postmedian very slenderly so. the latter forming 2 regular inward curves, separated by the strong ])rominence at the 3rd radial ; hindwing with a variable (similar or weaker) tooth in the postmedian. Kikuyu Escarpment. boOO - 9000 feet. 3 A'd' Tring Miiseum. G. azelinaria Swinh. (15 c) is the largest (exceepting aemida $) and most cinnamon-coloured of the African Gonodonfis and as the d' is still unknown the ])ossibility is not absolutely pi’ecluded that it and ochro- nen.ra might l)e the sexes of a single s])ecies (see above). The peciiliar cell-mark of the forewing (white on the discocellulars bordered by 4 black sjmts) is nearly the same (though the ])ale part looks scarcely so Avhite in ochroneura), l:)ut this formation is shared by some other species and even by some Palaearctic Crocallis; the divergence of size (com])are aemida) and of colour would not offer any barrier to the union, but the form of the postmedian line seems too different. The ty])e is from Kilimandjaro. a second example from “Kenya Colony'' (T. C. Andersox). G. curticosta Prout (15 d). Costal margin of the forewing perhaps even more markedly shortened than in the neighbouring siiecies, that of the hindwing, on the contrary, decidedly elongate, termen of the hindwing less convex than in most Gonodonfis . Smaller and more deeply coloured than aemoniaria, antennal pectinations still longer, thorax still more densely hairy. Botli wings beneath with the cell-mark large and conspicuous, intersected by the veins; jiostmedian line indistinct, chiefly indicated fiy vein-dots. Aberdare Range: bamboo forests of Mount Kinangop. at 2590 —3000 m (the type) and in alpine meodowo 3000 — 3100 m, 2 Go- G. orographica sp. n. (15 g). Expanse 42 mm. Similar to curticosta. pectinations much less long, costa of forewing relatively almost as short, teeth at 1st and 3rd radials rather stronger, hindwing somewhat less elongate costally. Coloration much darker, not reddish; the black lines partly thickened with blackish shading in the median area, finely edged with whitish grey on their reverse sides, the antemedian Avith a deeper angula¬ tion outward at fold than in curticosta, the postmedian with the lobe betAveen the radials larger; cell-spot large. OAurl; subterminal irregular, Avith some dark maculation proximally. Hindwing much more uniformly fuscous aboA^e, beneath strongly marked (cell-spot large, a thick crenulate Idack jiostmedian). ForeA\dng beneath relat- iAmly AA’eak-marked, but AA'ith more cons^Aicuous Avhite-grey scaling betAveen apex and 1st radial. Uganda : Birunga (MoAintains, February 1933 (Cf. L. R. Haxcock), 1 G in British Museum. A])art from its exception¬ ally dark colour, orograpldca may be known by its strong SAibterminal markings. G. aemoniaria Sirinh. (15 d). Palpus elongate, AA'ith rather long, exposed 3rd joint. Antennal pectinations of the o very long. The shapely forcAving, jiale ground-colour and large, intense cell-spot giAm aemoniaria a distinctiAm appearance; median area narroAV, both lines highly sinuous, but only distinct at costa and on the A^eins. HindAving and underside Aveakly marked, the latter AAuth rather large but not intense cell-spots. $ greyer, AA'ith sharjAer markings. IMau Escarpment: El Burgon, the type series; also recorded from Kikuyu Escarpment. G. eupages sp. n. (15 e). Close to aemoniaria but shorter AA'inged, especially the himlAA'ing costally; less pale; antennal jAectinations less long (5 or 6 times diaiAieter of shaft). ForeAA'ing Amriegated, light purplish grey and rather bright avellaneous, the latter colour jAurest in a ]Aroximal-subterminal band and on parts of the lAiedian shade and its branches; rather s])arse blackish irroration; the large black cell-sjAot AA'ith a feAA' pale scales in its centre ; costal edge AAdth copious blackish strigulae, irregidarly groiAped ; antemedian line incom¬ plete; ]Aostmedian punctiform, triangularly thickened, rather sharply angled at 1st radial, then incurA-ed. HindAAung jAale. suff’used except at costa AAdth drab-grey; postmedian line faint, marked Avith small blackish vein-dots. Both AAungs beneath AA'hitish, costally and sulAterminally suffused AA'ith broAA'u, in part (especially hindAA'ing) irrorated as far as the postiiAedian; both AAungs here AAdth moderate black ocellus and punctiform postmedian, the latter at 4 mm. from termen. W. KIaui: Kisiba, Bugoie Forest, 8500 feet, NoA^ember 1921 (T. A. Barns), 1 G- G. aemula sp. n. (15 e). Superficially A^ery similar to aemoniaria. PaljAus AA'ith 3rd joint not elongate. Pectinations considerably less long. EoreAving of the G v'ith the teriiAinal teeth much slighter; rather more irrorated, the costal spots large, the lines otherAvise still more obsolescent, at hindmargin shoAA n by ap]Aroxim- ated black dots. HindAA'ing and underside rather less Aveakly marked than in aemoniaria,, the forcAA'ing beneath Puhl. 31.1. 1938. NASSUNIA; PALAE0NYS8IA. By L. B. Prottt. 145 with small whitish apical patch, bounded proximally by a distinct brown costal mark. $ much larger, a good deal like an overgrown amioniaria $ (52 mm) but with tlie very large cell-spot of atmida $ and witli the median area strongly mixed with red-brown. Solwezi, N. Rhodesia, August 1917 (2 and July 1917 (1 $), collected by H. C. Dollman and now in tl\e British Museum. G. belli 6p. n. (15 e). Similar to aemula in shape and structure, but very much smaller, the cell-mark belli. of the forewing pale-centred, the costal spots wanting, the median area broader, browner and better defined, the postmedian line irregularly crenulate but without any strong projections. Cerambe, Bihe, Angola, March 1903 (W. C. Bell), type ^ in the Tring Museum, not very fresh, but easily recognizable. A $, less small (38 mm), the median area less broad, has just been received by the same Museum from Gamba, Bihe (R. Braun) and shows the antenna to be shortly pectinate. G. breviata Prout (15 e). Tongue apparently slight. Antennal pectinations of the d' proximal part hreviula. part long. Forewing nearly as truncate as in curticosta (15d) but not quite so broad, midtermen less prominent, tone quite different, less glossy, less black-marked, terminal area more contrasted with the rest. Hind wing less elongate costally, more whitish, cell-spot wanting above, very small beneath, postmedian above incomplete. Both wings beneath with punctiform postmedian. Known from a few localities in Kenya Colony and from Birunga; type locality: Kibwezi. G. xera Prout (15 e), founded on $$ only, has the palpus rather short, the antenna rather strongly xera. serrate, the tongue weaker than in aemoniaria, the sinus between the 1st and the 3rd radial of the forewing rather deeper, the 2nd radial arising somewhat before the middle of the discocellulars. Easily known by its exceptionally pale colouring and Aveak markings ; cell-spot of forewing larger beneath than above, underside of hindwing with a small grey cell-spot and very weak postmedian dots. Kibwezi, Kenya Colony; also occurs about Nairobi. A more strongly marked $ from Suna, S. Kavirondo, may represent a separate race. A from Dire Daoua, recently received, is considerably smaller, slightly narroAver Avinged, the terminal marks in part obsolete. G. briela Debauche (17 a). The description of this species arrived too late for insertion in sheet 18, Avhere brieta. a better position might have been found for it. Antenna slender, Avith the cilia almost 1. Margins more dentic¬ ulate than in paliscia, central projection of postmedian line stronger, no subterminal shade beneath. In colour rather near integraria, but Avith much less smooth margins and firmer (non-pnnctiform), much more sinuous lines. Perhaps related to the much larger, brighter azelinaria (15c). Abyssinia: Mt. Chillalo, ca. 9000 feet, 1 $. 16. Genus: l^assiiiiia Walk. Palpus minute. Tongue vestigial. Antenna pectinate, in the $ only very shortly. Hindtibia Avith all spurs. Abdomen of the d slender, of the $ robust. Scaling smooth. Wing-margins not angled; foreAving AA'ith 1st and 2nd subcostals coincident. A very distinct genus; it has a good many characters in common Avith the Palaearctic Dyscia (Vol. 4, p. 407), but differs in its more minute palpus, glabrous femora and the subcostals of the forewing. Only 3 species are yet knoAvn, easily distinguishable by their coloration. N. caffraria L. {= petavia Cram., petaviaria Hbn., bupaliata Walk.) (17 a). The genotype and most caffraria. widely distributed species. It has no yelloAv or orange colouring on the Avings except as a surrounding, narroAv or broad, to the dark markings (sometimes so ample, at least in the $$, as to become confluent and form ir¬ regular ante- and postmedian bands on the foreAving) and some basal maculation on the foreAving. Cape (loc. typ.) and extending northward to Angola, Uganda and S. KaAdrondo. — socors subs'p. nov. has the ground- socor.s. colour similar or paler, occasionally almost Avhite, the black dots small, the yelloAv Avhich accompanies them very slight, sometimes (perhaps about the cell-spot alw'ays) entirely wanting. All the specimens knoAvn to me from S. W. Africa belong to this form; type C from Tsumebi (coll. Brit. Mus.). N. Pretoria Prout (17 a). Larger than caffraria, hindwing predominantly orange-yelloAA% its terminal pretnria. area concolorous Avith the foreAving; black dots obsolescent; forewing beneath in part orange. Transvaal. N. aurantiaca Prout (17a). 34 — 36 mm. HindAAdng above orange to ternien, foreAving broAAner; AA’ings aurantiaca. beneath (except at apex and termen of forewing), reversing the coloration of npperside. S. Mozambique, parti¬ cularly about Delagoa Ba3L A $ (ab.?) from Zululand, mentioned by Janse under jyretoria, seems to agree but has the foreAving avellaneous (underside not described). 17. Genus: !Palaeoiiyssia T/arrisow. Face and the short palpus hairy. Tongue wanting. Antenna of d long and stout, bipectinate, Avith very long branches. Thorax and abdomen robust, breast shaggy, abdomen very feebly covered Avith weak XVI 19 14(5 OMPHALUCHA. Bv L. B. Proft. ir’i^rctd. Jiilif/hiosa. kataiif/ac. tiKii iirnarhi . crcnaJald. hirta. scales, as in the Palaearctie Jlegabisfon (Vol. 4, ]n 358). Legs in largely hairy; hincltibia with terminal spurs only. Forewing in with cell rather long, 1st and 2n(l snbcostals shortly stalkecl. $ semiapterous. The only known African genns of definitely the Biston group, the cj genitalia, according to Harrisojv' of a somewhat ])rimitive ty])e. Only one s]jecies. P. trisecta IFarr. (15 f). Unmistakable on accoimt of its structure, shape, the almost wingless $, etc. The latter, ^vhich was unknown to Jaj^se, has been bred by G. T. Leigh at Durban and by Miss F. Barrett in Transkei and has the wings reduced to very short thick stumps. The larva has not been described. Trans¬ vaal to the north-eastern jjarts of Cape Colony, the ty])e from Natal. — ab. fuliginosa IFarr. is merely a much darkened, almost melanic form, not a species as A\Arren supposed. Another aberration has the median area of file forewing greatly narrowed. From the recorded dates (late October to January), it apjiears that trisecta is not, like nearly all its Palaearctie relatives, a winter or early spring species ; hence some of the theories which have been advanced concerning the evolution of apterous $$ in the group would be inapplicable. 18. Genus: Omplialiiclia Warr. Presumal)ly one of the links between the Biston, Hyijosidra and Boarmia groups, perhaps related to some of the heterogeneous assemblage to which the generic name of Hemero'pliila is still applied in Africa, but the build is more robust and the tongne rndimentary (short even in Sect. 11) and in fact it shows most of the characters which are generally attributed to Biston vera (type strataria Hujn., see Vol. 4, p. 358), though the cells are somewhat less long and the hindwing usually more crenulate, while the d possesses a fovea, though it is rarely strong. Less shaggy than Palaeonyssia, the $ fully winged, the face rather fiat, roughened with hair-scales, the hindtibia Avith 4 sjuirs. Antennal ^pectinations of the d never really long, generally very charac¬ teristic, being stiff and almost vertical in relation to the shaft. Snbcostals of forewing variable, the 1st and 2nd generally more or less stalked, sometimes in the d separate; in the $ coincident. So far as is knoAvn, ex¬ clusively African; the anomalous Indian ''H ybernia” hibernaria Swinh. has much in common Avifh some of its less ty])ical species, but AAith long pectinations. Genotype: crenulata Warr. Section T. 0 p h a I u c h a (vera,). 0. katangae Front aaus proAusionally placed here on account of the paljms, shape and pattern, but is only knoAAU from a $ AA’hich has lost its hindlegs and has the tongue someAAdiat too aafII deA^eloped to remain satisfactorily here. 38 mm. ForeAAing A\dth 1st and 2rd snbcostals coincident; “pecan broAAn'“ (Ridgaa'AY), AAith black irroration. an anterior part as far as the postmedian AA’hite (similarly irrorated), in the central area reaching the median A^ein and the base of its branches, betAveen the radials encroached upon by a projection of the broAA'ii distal area AAhich nearly reaches tlie long, black cell-mark; lines black, the antemedian right- angled (outAvard) in front of cell-fold, irregularly oblique iiiAvard posteriorly, AAdth a s])ot on median vein; post¬ median sinuous, its long, shalloAA' inAA'ard cni’Am at the fold slightly macular; median shade indicated by a costal spot; subterminal AA'hite, interrn])ted. conspicuous and black-bordei'ed from tornus to 2nd median; terminal line slightly interrupted; fringe AA’hite, black-spotted. DindAA’ing sidicrenulate, AA’ith a shalloAv sinus betAA’een the radials; scarcely any AA’hite except at base; markings indistinct, the postmedian dentate. AA’ith 2 marks (on 3rd radial and 1st median) more conspicuous. F'^nderside much more blurred, only the postmedian of the hind- AA’ing more distinct. Katanga ; Kipushi. 0. maturnaria Moscht., founded on a $ from Bazeia, Caffraria (Tembidand), is one of the broAA ner s]iecies of the genus, but does not seem to belong to any of the forms Avhich I have seen; to judge from the careful description, AA'hich makes more of the sinuosities and angles of the lines than does the original figure, the latter cannot be quite accurate, but it is impossible to see in it the characteristics of the folloAAung sj)ecies, AA’hich 1 haA’e hitherto sunk. Antemedian of foreAV’ing at hindmargin less close to the base than in crenulata, line of hindAA’ing Avith the the tooth at the fold then “strongly" (in the figure scarcely!) arcuate, but apparently AAdthout tooth at radial fold. 0. crenulata Warr. (— maturnaria Janse, nec Mosch.l.) (15 f). Fovea strong. Variable, especially in colour, but generally distinguishable (unless from albosignata, q. v.) l>y the postmedian line of the hindAA’ing, AA’hicli is angled at both folds, rather deeply curA’ed iiiAA’ard betAveen the angles and approximated to the distal margin at its posterior end. The median shade of the foreAA’ing is generally slight and ill-defined, sometimes obsolete. The type, a 2 from Natal, represents a fairly frequent form (es])ecially, I think, in that sex) in AA’hich both AA’ings are heavily irrorated and suffused AA ith fuscous, the clear (broAA’u or buff) subapical s]iot of the fore¬ AA’ing standing out rather conspicuously. — hirta Warr., founded on a is also from Natal (Durban) and is more variegated, AA’ith paler broAA nish hindAA’ing, anteriorly AA’ithout markings, making a near appiroach toAA ards albosignata Janse; indeed it may jmssibly prove to supplant that s]iecies. - The recorded range of crenulata OMFHALUCHA. By L. B. PiioirT. 147 is from the Orange Free State and Natal to S. Rhodesia, hut the British Museum has it also from s(jme hjcalities in eastern Cape Colony. The larva, according to Mr. E. E. Platt of Durban, feeds on Rhus villosa and Com- breknn gueinzii. — ab. loc. {1 subsp.) clarescens form. nov. All the 5 examjjles which 1 have seen from Kenya <-l; 1st and 2rd subcostals in ^ short- stalked, in 9 se])arating near costa (probably sometimes coincident throughout), 5th subcostal long-stalked, 2nd radial slightly behind middle of discocellulars. HindAA'ing rather narroAA', costa elongate, apex rounded, termen AA'aved or AAeakly SAdAcrenulate ; cell AA'ell over i venation about as in Eidycia. Genotype: ansorgei Warr., 1905 (described as Exelis). Prol)ably related to Hyposidra, but differing in the slight tongue, short palpus and atrophy of proximal spin’s of hindtibia; possibly deriA^ed from Eidycia. AA'hich has the proximal spurs deA^elojied, though shorter than the terminal, and has much more hairy clothing. E. perse Faured (15 c). More brightly coloured than the other species, the AA^arm broAA'ii bands and especially the cell-spot and postmedian of tlie liindAving recalling some Omphaluclia or Eidycia. The hindleg sometimes retains vestiges of the proximal spurs, so that it may be an actual intergradation. The pectinations of the $ antenna are slenderly attachcil to the sliaft and easily lost. KeiiA^a Colony, the type from Kedai. E. ansorgei Warr. (15 b), described from Southern Nigeria and knoAAn from Umry Coast and from Belgian Congo as far as Kivu, is a dingy species AA'ith simple jiattern of cell-spot and tAAO lines, reproduced on the underside, sometimes made a little more distinct by ])ale edging. The extremely oblique termen of the fore- AA'ing, “passing (as Warren says) into inner margin AA'ithout forming a distinct anal angle'', is distinctiAm. lA'ory Coast to KiAui, the tAqie from 8. Nigeria. E. amygdala sp. n. (15 a). Structure nearly as in ansorgei but the antennal pectinations of the cJ longer still, the $ not pectinate. A 30 mm, $ 36— 41 mm. ForeAAung AA’ith costa and termen slightly more curA^ed. hindAving much longer and narroAver. Colouring of $ almost exactly as in Eidycia grisea, the transA’erse mark¬ ings much less irregular, AAeaker. The only knoAAui structurally sound and therefore made holotype, is not ])erfectly fresh, but certainly more unicolourous greyish. Senegal; Sedhiou (H. Ca.stell), type and allotype in the Tring Museum; South KaAdrondo: Suna (W. Feather), 2 $$; thus evidently much overlooked hitherto. E. insulanus sp. n. (15a). Palpus a little stronger than in amygdala-, pectinations exceptionally long. ForeAA'ing AA'ith costa scarcely at all curved till beyond middle, but not conspicuously different in shape from that of amygdala-, cell-dot on the upperside faint, the fine lines rather distinct, especially the postmedian, a median generally discernii)le, tliongh Aveak. HindAving paler, Avith the cell-mark and the hinder part of the postmedian line strong, Init Avithout conspicuous dark suffusion at anal angle. Both Avings beneath Avith distinct cell-dot, the lines Aveak except at costa of foreAving. S. Madagascar: Behara, forest of Didierea and Alluaudia, type d' and tAAo others; Tongobory and Besaha, 1 cJ ; all in the Tring Museum, from R. Catala. Superficially like a miniature Eidycia grisea, Avith an expanse of 28 — 34 mm; Init Avith a less extremely bent ])ostmedian line and structurally distinct in the 2-spurred hindtibia, etc. 22. Genus ; 15iclavig:era Warr. A peculiar genus but, according to the iiiv’estigations of Janse, rather near to the folloAving and, through it, to Isturgia. Face broad, rounded. Palpus very short. Tongue vestigial. Antenna of (J bipectinate to the apex, AA'ith very long branches. Foretibia as a rule Avith a short and slender anterior claAV or spine. Hindtibia Avith terminal spurs only. ForeAving long and narroAv, the cell long, rather far forAvard, the sid)costals someAvhat croAvded, the first tAvo coincident. HindAving also elongate, Avith cell Avell over U- Warren named the genus from the tarsal claAvs, but I cannot see anything remarkable about these. $ uuknoAvn, ])erhaps a])terous. Exclusively South African. B. deterior Froid (18 a). Smaller than the genoty])e ( piaecanaria) : coloration in general more uniform, the pale parts almost obliterated, the fuscous irroration slight ; the A’eins, aa IhcIi in praecanaria are buff to red- ()RGYI0DE8; ISTURGIA; AETHEOMETRA. By L. B. Proltt. 151 dish ochreous, are here whitish ochreoiis, dark-dotted; postniedian line mueli straighter and not lunulate. on the veins marked with fuscous dashes. Cape Comny. B. praecanaria H.-Sch. (18 a). Recognizable not only by the still more oldique, more sinuous and prarranaria. lunulate postmedian but especially by the whitish band which bounds it distally. Very variable in the relative strength of the different lines, the distance which separates them and even the degree of the slant of the post¬ median. Capo Colony. — ab. subinterrupta nov. has the postmedian so proximally placed and so weak that the Hublnlcrrui)- white band beyond it interrupts the central area at its narrowest part (region of tlie fold); from the 2nd sub- median to the hindmargin the median area reappears as a blackish spot of about 1 mm diameter. Willowmore (G. V. Son), among a very variable series. — rufivena Warr. (18 b). Rather small (? narrower- winged) and rufireHci. brownish, the veins rather bright, postmedian rather more strongly dentate, its white bordering broad. Orange Free State (type), Murraysburg, etc.; possibly a subspecies but, in view of the great variability of the species, probably a mere aberration. B. fontis S'p. n. (log). Very similar in colour and markings to deterior, yet structurally so different that fonlis. it might almost be accorded a separate genus. Palpus soirewhat less short. Pectinations rather less extremely long. Foretibia without the spine. Abdomen somewhat more robust. Wings less extremely elongate, tone somewhat browmer, markings of forewing appreciably less obliqiie; fringes distinctly cheqiiered. Cape Colony: Deelfontein, 2 d'd' the British Museum. Perhaps a link with Orcjjjiodes. B. uloprora sp. n. (16 e) may be regarded as another interesting link with Orgyiodes, towards which idoprora. it makes some further apj^roach in the predominantly ochreous colouring. Palpus extending considerably beyond frons and clothed beneath with long projecting hair. Foretibia without spine. Wing-shape, venation and pattern quite typical; forewing more speckled and with broader white stripes bounding the median area; hindwing feebly marked, excepting the cell-spot; fringes sharply chequered. “Natal'’, a fine ^ in the British Museum, from the Adams collection. 23. Genus; Orgyiodes BMrr. Differs from Biclavigera in the smaller eye, longhaired palpus and absence of foretibial claw, as well as in the shape and pattern. Antenna of S' not pectinate quite to apex. Wings (especially the hindwing) less elongate, cell of hindwing only about costal vein approximated to it for a shorter distance. Only one species known. 0. caparia Walk. (= capicolaria Feld.) (16 h). A small species, of a reddish brown colour, with the capnria. hindwing and underside very feebly marked. Apparently confined to CApe Colony. 24. Genus: Istiirgia Him. (See vol. 4, p. 317.) To this Holarctic genus is referred provisionally one Soiith African species. It was described as a Fur- ranthis (synonym of Fidonia), but agrees more nearly with Isturgia as at present characterized, though prob¬ ably requiring a separate genus. Face somewhat protuberant. Tongue present. Palpus better developed than in the two preceding, long-scaled beneath, but without the hairiness of true Isturgia. Antennal pectinations moderately long. Hindtibia with all spurs. Neither cell elongate. Forewing in the with a fovea; the coincident subcostal anastomosing successively with costal and 4th — 5th subcostal. I. focularia Hb.-Oey. (16 h). Evidently a day-flier, recognizable at once by its orange, sharply marked joeutaria. hindwing and underside. It belongs chiefly to Cape Colony but is recorded also from Bloemfontein. There is apparently a succession of broods. 25. Genus: Aetlieometrsi Front. Affinities quite uncertain, though I have suspected there may be some possible connection with the Palaearctic Atomorpdia (Vol. 4, p. 396). Face iwotuberant. Tongue vestigial. Palpiis very short and slender. Antenna of A pectinate to about -3, with rather long, rather lax branches. Foretibia without claw; hindtibia with all spurs. Abdomen moderately robust. Forewing with a slight fovea; cell well over W; 1st subcostal anastomosing with costal, 2nd from cell. Hindwing with costal anastomosing rvith cell to about I/3, 2nd sub¬ costal shortly stalked. Type: iconoclasis Prout. A. iconoclasis Prout (15 i). Recognizable by the curiously shaped lines of the forewing, which, with iconocta.'il'). the aid of the cell-spot, may be likened to a crudely shaped and damaged bust in profile. Both wings beneath 152 BUZURA. By L. B. Prout. with a fairly strong and thick postmedian line, the forewing otherwise paler and more weakly marked than above. Bnran, British Somaliland. 3000 feet, only the type cj known. 26. Genus: Biiziira Walk. (See Vol. 4, p. 359.) Face and the rather short palpns with dense scaling. Tongue short. Antenna of bij^ectinate, with moderate or (in the African species) long branches. Breast densely hairy. Hindtibia with all spurs. Forewing elongate; fovea wanting; cell fully ^2 if® shortest part, more or less produced anteriorly; 1st and 2nd subcostal shortly stalked. Hindwing not elongate; termen somewhat crenulate; cell generally over some $$ about ^A. Rather large and robust moths. The type is the Indian species swp'pressaria Guen. and the genus (sens, str.) extends eastward to the Sunda Islands. The African species which have hitherto been referred to it are ])resumably offshoots of the Alois group of genera and will probably not be allowed to remain here, notwith¬ standing their shape and facies; tongue, presence of fovea and hindtibial hair-pencil in the o, nearly glabrous legs and reduced length of cell, all speak for this change. ahrupiaria. B. abtuptaria Walk. (15 i). Investigations on the genitalia of the African "'Buzura’’ in the British Museum, kindly undertaken by Mr. A. H. Stringer at my instigation, have shown that we have several closely allied species or, at the least, remarkably well differentiated local forms, confused under the general conception of abrv.plaria. The original, described from a Congo (^, is probably the only widely distributed one and occurs from French Guinea and Sierra Leone to the Cameroons and Uganda. The irroration on the white ground¬ colour in the B (here figured) is slight or moderate and there is nearly always an almost clean (non-irrorated) utcnJatissi- outer patch, interrupting tlie postmedian markings about cellule 3. Underside similar to upper. — maculatissi- wus. jfiys Grilnberg (15h), founded on a large $ (forewing length 34 mm) from the Sesse Islands, is either the regular 2 to abruptaria or something very closely akin. All the $$ of the group are extremely alike and I have not yet learned how to distinguish some of them; but 3 $$ from Toro, Uganda, collected with almost typical ab- ru.ptaria bf Grunberg's careful description jierfectly, except in their rather less large size; we figure one of them. iohanriarla. B. johatinaria Oberlh. (15 h), though also from the Cameroons ( Johann-Albrechts-Hohe), can hardly be, as I at first supposed, a mere mountain form of abrupMria with increased and more regularly distributed irroration and some reduction of the spots Avhich accompany the tivo principal lines; the genitalia show some differences, though slight, the most noticeable being in the saccus, which is more produced to a point than in any of the allies. Cell-S])ots less small, the yellow lines, though slender, well developed. 2 G6- vrpalarhi. B. mpalaria Oberlh. (16 a) was unfortunately founded on a $ (from M'pala, W. of Lake Tanganyika) and it is not yet possible to associate it definitely with any particular G form. I was formerly inclined to apply the name to the following species, from much further north, and still consider this a cpiite jiossible union; but I have concluded that it is better to give new names to both its nearest neighbours (from Lowa district and Nyasa) than to risk the confusion resultant on attaching it to the wrong one. Underside closely like u])per. No further specimens known. aequinociia- B. aequinoctialis sp. n. (16 a). Forewing 24 — 26 mm. Face fuscous, with the upper part pale (white and yellow, variable in extent). Irroration no heavier than in average abruptaria, bnt the dark markings on an average heavier, so that the insect looks on the whole more contrastingly marked; variable in detail, some¬ times with conspicuous cell-marks (lunulate, at least on the hindwing), present also beneath, generally with the last group of spots outside the postmedian (namely from 1st median hindward), sometimes also Avith the corresponding group of antemedian, rather heavy on the forewing, subterminal and terminal dark spots bet¬ ween the radials inclined to consolidate into a quadrate lilotch ; the composite costal subterminal spot of the forewing in all the known examples larger than in most abruptaria. Median line of hindwing shown in only one known exam])le; in this it is rather stronger than in the following species, but only developed in the an¬ terior half. Genitalia long and narrow, the inner margin of the valve without the concavity of that of johan- naria, the central lip of the gnathos not so full and rounded as in that and abruptaria, bnt inclined to be pointed at apex. LTpper Belgian Congo; LTpjier Lowa Valley, near Masisi, 5000 —6000 feet, type G and another; Middle Lowa Valley, near Walikali, 3000 — 4000 feet, 1 Gi Bafwasendi, Lindi River, 2000 feet, 1 G: collected for Mr. JoiCEY by T. A. Barns. stringer}. B. Stringer! sp. n. (16 a). Face predominantly white mixed with yellow. Antennal pectinations con¬ tinuing to about 40 joints (in abruptaria, etc., to about 35). Length of forewing in G to over 26 mm, in $ variable from 26 to 39 mm. Easily known by its heavy irroration, even in the GGi median shade, at least of the hindwing, present in all, both above and beneath, though rather vague in places. Sides of saccus more oblique than in aequinoctialis. uncus differently shaped, spinules on costa of valve perhaps less long and less Publ. 31. I. 1938. CERUROGRAPHA. By L. B. Proijt. 153 dense, etc. Nyasaland in the Zomba district (H. Barlow), 3 ^ ?$ from tlie Joicey Collection, the type from Zomba Plateau, November 1920. B. edwardsi sp. n. (16 a). In size and sha])e near .striiigeri. Face more nniiormly suffused with yellow, crlirardsi. Antennal pectinations about as in ahruptaria, etc. Abdomen with yellow belts at the ends of the segments. Wings with the irroration very coarse in places, but irregularly distributed; the black lines and sjjots mostly heavy, the antemedian not interrupted, the median well develo])ed, that of the hindwing very angular; all the lines, exce])t the last-named, accompanied by bright yellow lines; fringe yellow, sharply black- spotted. Uganda: Namwamba Valle^y, Ruwenzori Range, 6500 feet (Dr. F. W. Edwards, British Museum Pk African Expedition), type cJ ; Bwamba Pass, 6500 feet (Prof. G. D. Hale G^rpenter), 1 (J. B. antecreta sj). n. (16 a). (J, 42—44 mm. vSmaller than abruptaria, among which it has been detected (inlerrdd. in a few W. African localities; much more weakly marked. Wing-shape slightly intermediate towards that of the following; irroration mostly very fine, but fairly distributed; oidy the 3 black costal s])ots (omitting a subterminal) conspicuous, the lines being very slender, the accompanying dots and s])ots slight and incomplete; terminal spots obsolescent. Old Calabar (S. I). Crompton) type ^ in the British jMuseum. Single c5'(^ also known to me from Lagos, from Ilesha and from Kumasi. The genitalia of the cj are shorter than in either of the preceding, making some approach to those of pteronyma; the saccus, however,, is quite different, being pro¬ duced to a definite point; spinides on the valves are much more dense. B. pteronyma sp. n. (16 b) approaches antecreta in its small size (A 43- 45 mm, 1 giant 50 mm, 1 dwarf ptcronipna. 36; 9 ‘17 — 55 mm) and weak markings. The blackish face has a much narrower up])er part yellow or whitish, b\it an increased (typically subtriangular) white spot below. tVings much more strongly and coarsely irrorated w'ith brownish grey, the costal spots as in antecreta, the 4th (subterminal), if present, nearly always weak or broken, the lines and spots also weakened, but less extremely than in that species, the antemedian in particular not so slender. Genitalia of the decidedly smaller than in most Buzura, nearly as broad as long, valve with dorsal edge more nearly equal in length to ventral and lacking the long spines from base which are found in all the other examined species; uncus not (as in the others) strongly bifid at the tip. Kenya Colony; Kibwezi (W. Feather), a long series in the Tring Museum, besides one or two from other adjacent localities. — ab. fumata nov., occasional among the type form, is melanochroic, the irroration having overspread the fumaia. entire surface of the wings. B. subocularia Mah. (= analiplaga Warr.) (16b). Easily distinguished from all the preceding, apart ^oihocutaria. from slight differences in shape, and in the course of the lines, by the dark subtei’ininal clouding of the fore¬ wing behind the 3rd radial, closely approaching an inward curve of the post median, and by the pair of large black spots at the base of the abdomen above. Antenna with 3 or 4 less joints pectinated. Gold Coast to Bel¬ gian Congo; Mabille's tyjie was merely given as from “W. Africa", Warren's was from Nigeria. B. homoclera sp. n. (16 b) ditfei’s from all the rest in the relatively more elongate costa of tlie hind- homoclera. wing, but the blurred pattern of the wings somewhat recalls some forms of pteronyma. Abdomen as robust as in $ pteronyma, but tapering behind. Palpus and tongue slight. Pectinations moderate, stiff, continuing to nearer the tip of the antenna than in the abruptaria group. Face fuscous, rather narrowly buff below. Ab¬ domen more strongly dark-belted beneath than above. Hindtibia dilated, terminal spurs short. Fore wing with the 1st radial stalked (though shortly) with the 3rd —5th subcostal; antemedian and median bands, a dark cell-spot and a ])air of outer spots (before and behind the 3rd radial) indicated though not sharply defined; termen, especially at vein-ends strongly tinged with buff’; fringe alternately darker and lighter. Hindwing with less dense strigulation, except distally, and with 3 distinct lines; termen and fringe as on forewing. Under¬ side similar. Tanganyika Territory: Lindi. A A ii’i Zook Mus. Berlin. It bears some superficial reseml)lance to a Bhodophthitns . 27. Genus: Ceriirograplia Janse. “Proboscis rather weak; palpus minute, fringed with long scales; frons rounded; antenna bipectinate in for about two-thirds\ pectination about 7 times shaft; legs heavily scaled, mid- and hindtil)ia fringed with long scales and hairs; hindtibia with 4 short spurs, without hair pencil. “ ForeAving with all veins, 1st and 2nd subcostal free but closely approximated; a small fovea. Hindwing with costa relatively rather short, termen straightish from 2nd subcostal to a slight bend about the 1st median. ^ genitalia: uncus incurved at base, well curved downwards and ending in a fine point; gnathos rather narrow, elbowed at middle; valve tapering, its apex bluntly rounded, costa curved, well chitinized and, together with apex, covered Avith fairly long bristles; loAA'er margin folded over, pro Added at base A\dth a rounded patch AAdiich bears dense strong spines; A^esica AAuth a patch of many stout, long cornuti (Janse). Established for a single species; probably some of my Colocleora (e. g. spuria and faceta) may belong to it, but as its author depended largely upon the genitalia 1 haAm preferred not to place them Avith it until they have been studied from that standpoint. XVI 20 154 COLOCLEORA. By L. B. Prout. hisionica poli/plancs. Icucosicpha- na. facet a. coUenettei. belhda. C. bistonica Prout. Expanse 37 mm. Face black, with the upper jiart creamy white. Wings white, the forewing witli the two principal lines sharply black, accompanied on their reverse sides by irregrdar brow¬ nish shades; median line arising from a thick, angular mark on costa, running outward to approach the post¬ median but mostly slender and weak. Hindwing weaker marked, but with the postmedian becoming strong behind 2nd median, thence oblique outward, and an oblique black proximal-subterminal mark at tornus. Only tlie type o known, taken near Eshowe (Zululand) in January 1916. Somewhat suggestive of a Biston. 28. Genus: Colooleora gen. nov. I have for a good many years used this ‘‘provisional” name for a number of African forms which cannot satisfactorily be contained in Chora or Aids nor in any of the more Bistonine genera. Perhaps some of them may have affinities with CerurograjAia (see above), one (faceta) I ventured to describe in that genus, while a few form a part of the Racotis of Janse (not Racotis Moore, sens. str.). Build robust. Face not pro¬ tuberant, scaling dense, moderately api^ressed. Palpus short or shortish, densely scaled; 3rd joint partially concealed. Tongue short. Antenna short, in G with long pectinations, a moderate or short apical part simple (but see j)oly planes). Breast densely hairy. Femora hairy; foretibia generally, at least in the d', hairy or densely tnfted. Forewing with termen tvaved or nearly smooth, obliqne; fovea usually present; cell jA rather less, generally more or less produced anteriorly, discocellulars incurved, typically rather dee^ily so at cell-fold; 1st and 2nd subcostal free or shortly stalked (in the $$ generally long-stalked, in those of a few species coincident), 2nd radial arising before the bend of the discocellulars. Hindwing Avitli costa not elongate (generally rather short), termen waved or cremdate (in a few $$ deeply crenulate), cell never very short, 2nd radial wanting, occasionally showing vestiges proximally. Type of the genus; Colocleora ansorgei (= Aids ansorgei Warr.). Seems to stand near the common base of the Chora and Hyposidra groups, agreeing with the former (or ap¬ proaching the Biston group) in shape and facies, but with the short antenna and an approach to the venational conditions of Hyposidra. I only recognize it as African. C. polyplanes sp. nov. (16 b). Expanse 42 mm. Head rough-haired. Anomalous in having the tongue stouter, the antenna dentate, each joint with 2 pairs of rather long, slender fascicles and in lacking the fovea. Probably it will need a separate genus. Forewing with termen very gently curved, strongly oblique; 1st and 2nd siibcostals free; white, the costal margin and veins tinged with buff; blackish irroration mostly dense; cell-mark surrounded by dark suffusion; the course of the dentate black postmedian line and the dark fuscous proximal shades of the subterminal characteristic. Hindwing rather short, much as in the African Buzura” , much whiter than the forewing, weakly marked. Lake Kivu: Rugege Forest, Ruanda district, 7000 feet, De¬ cember 1921 (T. A. Barxs), only the type C known. C. spuria Prout (16 c). Foretibia of G hairy. Fovea of G stronger than usual. Colours nearly as in divisaria, their distribution, as well as the wing-shape, quite different. Lines of the forewing weak posteriorly, the cinnamon or slightly rufous colour generally running from basal patch along costal margin and broadening distally (about to the 1st radial). French Guinea to Kivu and Uganda. — f. ( ? sp. div.) leucostephana 7iov. agrees in structure and in the hindwing, but has the vertex white, the forewing Avith basal and median areas and an extension for a few mm beyond (with a sharp angulation at 1st median) almost completely occupied by a grey-brown cloud. Gold Coast: Bibianaha, 700 feet, type C iii Gie British Museinn; a similar from iMabera Forest. C. faceta Prout (16 c). Forewing shaped nearly as in Cerurographa bisto7iica, with which it may well be congeneric (see above), hindwing fuller and with more rounded termen. Forewing with 1st and 2nd sub- costals just stalked; markings macidar or cloudy, the antemedian outwardly oblique, the median sinuous, with strong cloudings; cell-s])ots present, that of the forewing indefinite, ocellated. National Park, Natal, the type unique. C. collenettei sp. 7i. (16 c). Foretibia not hairy, other characters of Colocleora. Palpus short, 2nd joint with projecting scales beneath. Antennal pectinations decreasing moderately rapidly tOAvards the dentate, non-pectinate apical 12 joints; abdomen Avith narroAv dorsal ridge or series of dots of a light cinnamon-bnft’. Forewing shape altogether recalling some of the Bisto^i group; 1st and 2nd subcostals Avell separate; fovea strong, circular; the coloration, esiAecially the bright cinamon, taAA'ny-mixed distal area, Amry distinctiAm. HindAving Avith termen crenulate. Underside similar to iipper; foreAA'ing Avhite behind 2nd submedian. Near Macenta, French Guinea, 1609 feet: Massadou, type and paratype; Soundedou, 1 d' ; collected 13 — 17 May 1926 for the late Mr. Joicey by Mr. C. L. Collenette. A striking sjiecies, belonging to the more Hyposidra- like element of Colocleora . C. bellula sp. w. (16 c). A small species, expanding scarcely 32 mm. Legs not tufted nor fringed, but the short jjalpus, atrophied tongue, long cell of the foreAving and other characters jfiace it here. ForeAving Avith COLOCLEORA. By L. B. Prout. 155 1st and 2nd subcostals very shortly stalked; hindwing with costal closely a])proximated to subcostal almost to the middle of the cell. The large black cell-spot, crossed on the forewing by the strongly sinuous median shade, and the thick, dentate black lines (finely white-edged on their reverse sidis) w-hich bound the grey median area, the postmedian shaped somewhat as in iconoclasis, are quite striking. Ghinkolobwe (Haut Katanga), 13 October 1931, type (J hr the collection of Dr. J. Romieux. C. ansorgei Warr. (16 c), which may probably have to sink to monogram maria, has some near resem- ansonjcl. blance to divisaria, but the black markings more intense, the antemedian less curved, the brown shades less cinnamon and less extended, the cell-mark of the forewing generally longer, angular, the postmedian with its angle rounded off; there are also, especially in the appreciable distinctions in the shape. Nigeria to Uganda, the type from the Congo. — tlchomeca subsp. nov. is larger ((^ 52 mm), termen more oblique, black markings lichowcca. (including the cell-spot) broad. A fine ^ from Sao Thome, January 1926 (T. A. Barns, now in the British Museum collection. C. catalai sp. n. (17 b). Abdomen less elongate than in monogrammaria, which species it resembles in catalal. coloration and markings; wings a trifle broader. Forewing with 1st and 2nd subcostals shortly stalked, 3rd discocellular not deeply angled; antemedian curving inward anteriorly, its diiplicating line rather strong; very characteristic (but perhaps inconstant, compare spuria, and leucosfephana) is the broad lirowm median band, which extends from the duplicating line of the antemedian to just beyond the ])ostmedian. Hindwing with the postmedian line more curved about the radials than in monogravvmaria] proximal shade of the subterminal not blackened near the tornus. Foret dTsaka, near Fort Darrphin, Madagascar (R. Catala), a ^ in the Tring Museum. C. monogrammaria Mab., said to be from “Zambesi”, is a large $ iir poor condition, very much like monogram- some Gold Coast $$ of ansorgei, and the locality given is perhaps erroneous. If it really differs constantly from maru that, it may be in the less long cell-mark, the more divisaria-\i\^Q toire of the brown shades and the weaker dark mark at the anal angle of tire hindwing. Mabille’s is the older name. C. prona sp. n. (18 b). (J, 40—42 mm. Like ansorgei, with almost the same structure and scheme of prona. markings. Antennal pectinations apparently somewhat longer but ceasing a few joints earlier. Body and wings above brown (almost ochraceous-buff) instead of whitish, the markings of a rather warmer brown than in ansorgei; forewing with antemedian excurved anteriorly instead of almost straight. W. Kivu; Upper Lowa Valley, near Masisi, 5000 — 6000 feet and Middle Lowa Valley, near Walikali, 3000 — 4000 feet, 3 collected in forest country, February 1924, wet season (T. A. Barns).. C. anisoscia sp). n. (16 d). 47— 53 mm. Strongly recalls a large pale ansorgei except in the curved and anisoscia. oblique antemedian line of the forewing the shape of the hindwing and some slight structural details; really nearer to divisaria, though very different in colour and without the long ])rong in the postmedian line. Palpus U/)^^, rather stout. Antenna less than jA -wing-length ; pectinations long, blackish, apical jA non-pectinate. Hindwing rather strongly crenulate, with a slightly stronger tooth at the 3rd radial. W. Kivu: 2 each from the same localities and dates as prona (16 d). I have since seen in the Congo Museum a $ from Kindu. C. probola sp. n. (18 b). A small species, but structurally pretty typical. Palpus longer than diameter probola. of eye. Fore- and midtibia fringed. Forewing Avith costa arched distally, termen fairly long; 1st and 2nd sub¬ costals very shortly stalked ; pale, with a tinge of pinkish buff, the lines slight, the dark basal patch bounded as in ansorgei, the other principal marking a red-brown, fuscous-mixed subapical patch, separated, by the whitish commencement of a sidAterminal, from a small streak or AA’-edge close to apex. HindAving ratlier small. Avith costal margin not longer than abdominal (compare ansorgei)-, markings slight. Underside similarly but more Aveakly marked, only the costal dots of hindAving strengthened. French Giiinea: Soundedou. near Ma- centa, 1600 feet, 13 May 1926 (C. L. Collenette), type and paratype q . Also single J'cJ from Bingerville, Bitje and Lake Victoria (Bunyako). C. expanse Warr. (16 e) has the first tAvo subcostals long-stalked, especially in the $, and is only assigned e.rpansa. temporarily to Colocleora in default of a better position; Warren described it, from a Nigerian $, as “Eu- byja?”, an even more unacceptable position. Excepting the short antenna and jralpns, it shoAvs little sign of the special characters of the present genus. Rather large, especially the $, the AA'ings exceptionally broad and Avell rounded, Avith Avhitish gronnd-colour and Aveakly marked throughout, someAvhat recalling a AA'orn pulverosa (18 b). Distributed from Sierra Leone to Uganda, the but series yet obtained being from BingerAulle. — ken- kenyensi'^. yensis subsp. nov. More evenly irrorated, the cleaner Avhite band betAveen postmedian and sAibterminal almost obliterated; postmedian AAuth the teeth blackened, its course on liindAving ■ more strongly oblique to the hind- margin. Nairobi, only a feAv specimens yet knoAAm; the sule $ labelled Karura Forest; type o ^Ins. Tring. C. sciabola sp. n. (16 d). Also unlike typical Colocleora in shape, the first two subcostals in both sexes sclahola. moderately stalked, the fovea obsolescent, the ^ hindtibia Avith a hair-pencil; head and foreleg more typically 156 COLOCLKORA. By L. B. Prout. poli/seniiia. pulrcrosa. suffioiiosa. perpectinaia. pro.vi maria. aJbe.scens. fjrisea. Cohcleora. Exjianse 49 — 51 min. Antenna of (5* pectinate to jnst beyond Forewing with terinen relatively shorter, hindwing wdth abdominal margin relatively less long, than in expcmsa; more clouded; markings olive drab, somewhat strengthened at costa, antemedian rather thick and blurred, partly confluent with the straigh- tish, r a t h e r ]) r o x i m a 1 1 y place d median; postmedian strongly dentate; iiosition of subterminal in- flicated by interrujited proximal maculation. Underside scarcely irrorated, the markings faint. Ruanda; Ru- gege district. 7000 — 8000 feet, December 1921 (T. A. Barns), a pair in the British Museum. C. polysemna Sj). n. (16 d). In shape and structure near the preceding, hindwing slightly more dentate; foretibia more strongly tufted, 1st and 2nd subcostal longer-stalked, the stalk anastomosing with costal, 1st radial stalked with 3rd — 5th subcostal; antenna ]}ectinate to little beyond middle. A conspicuously lage species. Brown in varied hues, noticeably paler and more buff in the middle of the area between the postmedian line and su1)terminal shade; veins largely white, minutely dark-dotted; some irregiclar white patches; ante- median weak, the other lines indicated by minute dashes on the veins, the postmedian developing a V-mark on 1st radial. W. Kivu: Upper Lowa Valley, near Masisi, 5000- -6000 feet, forest and long grass. February 1924 (T. A. Barns), the ty2)e (J only, ex coll. Joicry. C. pulverosa Warr. (= contemptaria Janse, nec Walk.) (18 b). A species of cpiite uncertain affinities, but fitting less badly here than in Henierophila, in which it has been jjlaced. In coloration and pattern there is a marked superficial resemblance to the tyjjical section of Ectropis (see Vol. 4, p. 376) except that the dark marks just outside the middle of the postmedian line are wanting; but. apart from the narrow valves, I can see little in common structurally. Paljnis in the $ short, in the d' I’ather long — an usual sex-dimorphism which long hindered the correct determination of the latter, IVarren having described from the larger, more weakly maiked, more expansaAWe 5. Antenna of (J ])ectinate to near the ti]), with very long branches. Tongue slight. Foretibia heavily clothed but not hairy. Fovea undeveloped; 1st and 2nd sidjcostals in the ^ free, in the $ long-stalked. Described from Natal, where the larva feeds on Ochna atropurpurea. Known to me also from Nyasa, Tanganyika and Kenya. C. suffumosa sp. n. (J, 39 mm. Much darker than ‘pulverosa, the wings being copiously and almost unifornfiy irrorated with dark-grey (tone perhaps of a not very extreme Ectropis crepuscularia ab. clelamerensis B. -White. Vol. 4, p. 376). Palpus short. Pectinations not quite so extremely long as in pulverosa. Foretibia densely clothed, but with the hair apju’essed; midtibia rather more loosely haired (hindlegs lost, but clearh" not dilated — no abdominal s])ine). Forewing with first two subcostals free; costa less rounded than in p«/yero5a, still more recalling Ectropis. Markings ap]>roximately as in pulverosa; postmedian rather firmer, slightly more incurved behind the middle; sid^terminal and its shading weaker. Underside somewhat less dark, not irro¬ rated; cell-dots (spots) and imstmedian present, not intense, the latter arising from a small costal spot. Angola; Gamba. Bihe, Dec. 1934 (R. Braun), a good d* in the Tring Miiseum. C. perpectinata sp. n. (16 b). d', 34 — 40 mm ($ unknown). Very much like icUocliroa Front, which, pending a more scientific revision, remains in Boarmia (sens, lat.) but is jrrobably related. Palpus similar (well beyond diameter of eye, densely scaled), tongue probably a little more slender. Antenna Avith the pectinations, even of the inner series excessively loirg, leaving free at its apex less (in idiochroa more) than 1 mm. Goloration. AA’ithout the reddish influence. Forewing with 1st and 2nd srdjcostals shortly stalked, lines more bent near costa, the postmedian oblique o u t av a r d in crossing the 5th sidrcostal. HindA\ ing AA’ith median shade dentate outAvard about the median A^ein. Underside Avith subterminal maculation generally stronger than in idiochroa. The legs are nearly smooth-scaled, though fresh specimens sIioav a little hair on the fe]nora. ^Madagascar ; Perinet, 149 km E. of Tananarivo (N. and G. Olsoufieef), a good series in Mus. Tring; TananariAm, 3 (Iaao of them large) (Coll. Dr. G. E. Audbouu) ; Ambinanindrano, W. of Mahonore, 3 rather small (Kestkll-Cornish). C. proximaria Walk. (16 e). This and the folloAving, though so closely related to one another that they might have been mistaken for SAibspecies, have an aspect apart from that of all others. Janse finds its genitalia not incompatible generically AAuth those of divisaxia, but it has not the hairy foreleg, Avhile its more rounded, Avhitish wings more recall pulverosa. Face and pal]5us short. Antenna about as in pulverosa. Hiudtibia AvithoAit pencil. Cell long; fovea well developed. First tAvo subcostals moderately stalked. The Auiderside is rather strik¬ ing: cell-spot on each Aving roundish, sharply black; costa of foreAA’ing AAith a sAd)apical Ifiackish s]iot, the apex itself purer Avhite than the rest of the AA'ing. The ty])e form, from Natal, is distributed locally from E. Griqua- land to S. Rhodesia. Mr. E. E. Platt, of Durban, has bred it from lainme found on Albizzia and Acacia. al¬ bescens Front, from E. Africa (Kenya and probably Tanganyika) is considerably Avhiter and on an av'erage smaller. C. grisea ./unse (18 a) has the transverse markings much stronger, the dots connected into lines, the median shade sometimes very heaA^y. Underside, in addition to the characteristic maculation of proximaria. AAdth at least indications of the transverse lines or bands, particularly the subterminal. S. Rhodesia. (^OLOCLEORA. By L. B. Pkout. 157 C. clarivenata Front (16 d), described as a Chora, is evidently another of the outliers of (Jolochora, with riarirrmati. the 1st and 2nd subcostal well stalked and the tibiae not hairy. Antennal pectinations reaching t(j near apex. Fovea present. Very distinct in the rather dark brown colour and yellowish white lines and veins. Upper Kasai River, 1 q. C. indivisa Front (18 b), from Sao Thome, was separated from divisaria by the longer antenna, with huHvijia. about 42 joints pectinate, 10 not so, the pectinations themselves longer, and by the somewhat less deeply ex- angled postinedian of the forewing; hindwing and underside on an average rather darker than in divisaria. A variable series of 7 dS collected by Mr. Tams leads me to doubt whether it is more than, a race, antemedian on the whole less oblique, median indicated at least by dark vein-spots. C. divisaria Walk. (= acutangida Warr.) (16 e). Very variable in size and coloration, but generally dhisariu. easy to recognize by its shape, its well-differentiated pale (white or yellowish) median area and the strong out¬ ward projection of the postmedian. Striicture about as in ynonograymnaria, from which it is best distinginshed by the postmedian line and most of the other characters mentioned above under ansorgei. The larva, according to Platt, feeds on Royena villosa and Combretum gueinzii. Blown larvae from U. F. Leigh (Congella) — pro¬ bably correct though he was not always reliable — recall the typical section of Ecfrojns but are somewliat more elongate; face rather flat; body with a slight ridge dorsally and a pair of small humps on the 6th abdominal. Natal (loc. typ.) Ziduland and Transvaal. — ab. crassilineata Front, founded on a C from Barberton and a $ crassilincaia from Durban, is distinguished by the intensification of the black lines throughout. — acygonia Hnips., a acygoyiia. from Bangueolo district, N. E. Rhodesia, is probably also a mere aberration, the colour contrasts not very strong, the postmedian line complete but not thickened, on bot wings with the angle very acute. — separataria sepamtarla. MdscM. (= basilaria Mab., rufilimes Warr.) (16 e). I am not sure whether the forms of divisaria from Tropical Africa (Gambia to Cameroons and even Kenya) are separable inter se, or indeed whether they are always se¬ parable from the Natal race, but if they are, the above names are available for the West African (Gold Coast, Assinie and Warri respectively). On an average they are less large than the typical form, sometimes much smaller. — chresima subsp. nov. C — ‘^1 mm, $ 54 mm. Very distinct in coloration, entirely lacking the red- chreshna. brown shades; the pale parts with weak brown suffusion, basal area of forewing and both distal areas with the irroration and suffusion olive-grey, strongest in the Cretty closely as gUen in the generic- diagnosis, the tongue fairly robust, though short, the distal margins in the $ markedly crennlate, especially on the hinrlAving. 1st and 2nd subcostals free in the cj, long-stalked in the $. The rather Avarm coloAiring, except Avhen (as is chiefly the case in $$) this is much irrorated or suffused Avith fuscous, the narroAV median area, the clear ochreous sirbapical patch of the foreAving (very conspicuoiis in most $$) and the Avell irrorated. extremely AA'eakly marked underside are the best characters for recognition. The $ is considerably larger than the (^, Avith the hincLving more crenate. — ab. remotata Warr., described on a Tore (Uganda) (J as a species, does not really recpnre a separate name, though the specimen has the postmedian line of the foreAving more deeply incurved in its posterior half and here a little thickened. - - simulatrix should be more closely studied, for it has been bred from castor oil, cotton and coffee and might, if it multiplied, assume economic importance. I have earlier determined it (through the Imperial Institute of Entomology) as ‘"Hemerophila” simulatrix. It is already knoAAm to be distributed from Sierra Leone by LTganda, if not also Kenya. — crenifera subsp. nov. is considerably larger (46 mm), relatiA^ely longer-Avinged, the distal margins, especially that of the hinclAving, more markedly dentate; more mottled and Avith the postmedian line of the underside somewhat better expressed than in typical simulatrix. Mt. Elgon. October 1931 (T. H. E. Jackson), type (J in the British MiAseum, A $ from Kitale, Kenya, Avhich agrees fairly Avell Avith it, expands 55 mm and has the teeth of the hindAving still further deA^eloped, C. oncera sp. n. (16 f). Also considerably larger than simulatrix ((^ 46 — 53 mm, $ unknoAvn), distal margin of foreAAung somewhat more oblique than in the of that species, that of the hindAving not more crenu- late. Variable in the degree of dark clouding, but very seldom as clear as in typical simulatrix (A; median area ANACLEORA; NYCHIODES; APHILOPOTA. By L. B. Prout. 159 of forevving narrower, especiall}" at fold, where (as also at 2nd suhmedian) the postniedian line follows about the same course as in divisaria, costal edge strongly speckled with black. Diego Suarez (G. Melolt), a series in the Tring Museum. C. umbrata sp. n. (17 b). Expanse 51— 56 mm. Antenna with the last 8 or 9 joints non-pectinate. wuhrata. Foretibial hair well developed; hind tibia rather stout distally, without hair-pencil. Forewing with a small fovea. In shape and facies rather suggestive of a not extremely robust Aphilo'pota but with the venation of Colodeora, the first two subcostals well free; grey-brown, with somewhat elongate cell-marks (strongest in the type), punctiform postmedian, weak median and on the forewing a strengly bent antemedian, weak except at the costa but bounding a markedly brown, black-speckled proximal area; both wings with a further brown band between the postmedian and the subterminal, which is scarcely indicated except by the return of the pale ground-colour. PTnderside with the cell-spots enlarged, the postmedian dots and traces of the brown outer shade present. Madagascar: Foiet d’ Isaka, near Fort Dauphin (R. Catala), type d' and another; Perinet, E. of Tananarico (Madame N. d'Olsoufieff), 1 d- None is in perfect condition, biit the species is easily recognized. 29. Genus: Aiiaclcora Jawse. Differs from Colodeora in the well-vedeloped tongue and the shorter pectinations of thed' antenna (about 4 times diameter of shaft) ; the genitalia, moreover, differ from those of both the Colodeora with which Janse was acqiiainted [divisaria and proxiviaria). Legs smooth-scaled. Forewing in both sexes with 1st and 2nd sub¬ costals separate the 1st occasionally anastomosing with the costal or the 2nd (in the type $ quite exceptionally) arising from the base of the 3rd — 5th. Ty])e and sole species: extremaria Walk. A. extremaria Walk. (= haploocnema Prout) (17 a). Recognizable by the generic characters and in exirnnaria. any case, I think, by the shape combined with markings. According to Janse, however, some forms of this and of Racotis ( ?) apodosima (his Racotis “zebrina”, olim) can be confusingly similar; but typical apodosima has a larger, more ocellated cell-spot on the forewing and a more or less broad dark subterminal band on both wings beneath, while extremaria has only very incomplete and narrow subterminal shading beneath, chiefly on the anterior part of the forewing; in extremaria the 1st line of the hindwing is midway between base and cell- spot, in apodosima near the cell-spot. From Colodeora pulverosa, which has somewhat the same pale olivaceous or yellowish tone, extremaria differs in its less broad wings, different postmedian, with dark marks at veins R^ and M^, etc. Natal, Zrduland and Transvaal. 30. Genus: iS’ycliiodcs Led. (See Vol. 4, p. 360.) A Palaearctic genus, which probably does not reach the African Region. It has, however, been used to accomodate one species which agrees with it in the vestigial tongue and the jiectinate antenna of the $, etc., but differs in the much smaller size, smoother scaling, presence of fovea and non-dentate termen of the hind¬ wing; 1st and 2nd siibcostals of the forewing coincident. N. tyttha Prout (15 h). Somewhat variable in colour, occasionally more ochreous than the type and tyttha. our figured specimen, but pretty constant in the approximation of the lines, etc. Pectinations long in the cj, blit not continiiing to the apex. Perhaps collateral with Colodeora, from which it differs in the less hairy clothing and the constancy (so fur as is yet known) of the loss of one subcostal vein. Described from Eritrea, but sub¬ sequently taken chiefly in South Africa: N. F. Rhodesia to the Transvaal and Lozenzo Marquez and even at Stanger, Natal. 31. Genus; Apliilopota Warr. Face rough. Palpus shortish to moderate. Tongue wanting or vestigial. Antenna rather short ; in the Y with long pectinations. Breast shaggy. Femora hairy; hindtibia with all spurs. Wings densely scaled; forewing with 1st and 2nd subcostals coincident. An exclusively African genus of moderately large and robust moths with simple pattern. Section I. T o n g it e p r e s en t. A. vicaria Walk. The only known specimen, a $ from ‘WAst Africa" (E. Doubleday), is in very bad vicaria. condition and it is uncertain whether it even belongs to the present genus. Tongue about as in plethora. Paljous short. Antennae lost. Length of a forewing aboiit 27 mm, shape much as in (the smaller} patulata, or with termen slightly more convex, hindwing about as crenulate as in $ 2^ti,tulata. The cell-marks ap2:)ear to have been long-oval, pale-mixed, and the forewing to have had postmedian dots in about the patulata position; the 160 APHILOPOTA. By L. B. Prout. plethora. aeiaidentala . aspcra. immalara. alloeonior- pha. perscoiia. paialaia. fontarhaia . mesotoecha . stru/oftissi- uta. ca^lella aa. tiindwing certainly has such dots, liotli above and beneath, also a diffuse and not intense median shade, about 2 — 4 mm proximal to cell-mark, and a very slight brownish presubterminal shade. Possibly nearer to "'Ectropis” inelegans Warr.. Init the wings are less crenate, the colour less ochre, the ])ostmedian punctiform. and it seems to have the venation of Apilopoia. A. plethora sp. n. (16 g). Tongue slender and cpiite short (perhaps twice the length of diameter of eye). I’al2)irs short. Antenna of the d' pectinate to about Forewing with termen well curved; somewhat more suffused with brown than in semiusfa, at least in a narrow shading outside the postmedian; markings formed nearly as in those semiustn in which the postmedian is nearest to the cell-spot, but stronger, notably the sub¬ terminal and its proximal shade; postmedian in jdaces rather thick, on hindwing sharjily angled at fold; a relat¬ ively pale band between this and the sulfferminal shade. The principal markings developed beneath, though less strong. Q larger (52 mm). Bulawayo. 1 December 1924 and 14 Janiiarv 1925 (R. Stevensex'), a pair. Type ij* in the Transvaal Museum. Section IT. T o n g u e wanting or vestigial {A p> h i I o p o t a v e r a). A. semidentata Prout (16 g). Forewing with termen rather strongly curved, hindwing more crenulate than in continental AphUopota. Irroration coarser and in part more confluent than in most; cell-spot of fore¬ wing large. Variable, but distinctive. Diego Suarez, a good series of Ac?, collected by Melou. A. aspera sp.n. (15 g). Closely similar to the least variegated, greyest sevvidentaia. Forewing Avith termen more concaam and crenate betAveen apex and 1st radial, then very oblicpie to tornus; postmedian puncti¬ form throughout, on the underside Avell cuiA'ed near costa. HindAving Avith termen rather more strongly coiiA^ex then in semidentata., the teeth perhaps slightly stronger. Perinet, 149 km. E. of Tananarivo, March 1935 (N. and G. Olsoufieef). the uniqAie type, 1 A. i” Tring Museum. A. immatura .sp. n. (15 a). Much smaller than the tAvo preceding. In shape nearer semidentata. though the termen of the foreAA’ings a little smoother; in markings nearer aspera, at least as regards the anterior curve of the postmedian of the forcAving both above and beneath; the blackish cloudings proljably Amry but are less deA-eloped than in the allies, in the distal area of the foreAving they concentrate in a narroAv band outside the jmstmedian and a pair of sidAterminal spots between the radials. bfindAAung also relatiAmly clearer, the cell- mark smaller, scarcely ])upilled. Underside })ale, especially the hindAA’ing, irroration reduced. Both Avings AA'ith cell-ring (that of the liindAving incomplete); foreAA'ing AA'ith the punctiform postmedian line. S. W. IMadagascar : T.,ambomakandro. Sakaraha, Tidear, March 1935 R. Catala). 1 A- A. alloeomorpha sp. n. (15 a). Curiously similar to the jireceding in structure, coloration and scheme of markings, but so different in shape that it seems ini])ossible to regard it as a form thereof. ForeAving Avith the oblicpie termen of a Colocleora or HemerophiJa, hinclAving also definitely more elongate and at 3rd radial less elboAved than in immatura. Cell-marks of upperside about ecpial in size and intensity; antemedian shade of foreAving A'ery oblique, directed toAvards the end of the cell; postmedian A^ery oblic[ne, obsolescent near costa, irregularly crenulate, Avith a deep iiiAvard cinwe in submedian area; distal area almost Avholly dark. HindAving AA'ith antemedian faint, postmedian more distal than in immatura and reaching costa near apex ; a strong dark distal cloud. Underside much like that of immatura, more irrorated. Lambomakandro, cellected Avith the ])receding; both types are in the Tring Museum. A. perscotia Prout (16 g). Also distinctiA’e in shape, termen forewing scarcely oblique anteriorly, strongly cuiwed behind the 3rd radial, of hindAving faintly sinuous, apjiearing A'ery slightly prominent (but not toothed) betAveen 3rd radial and 2nd median. Postmedian line characteristic, lunnlate-dentate. Transkei, only the type A knoAvn. In markings similar to a less dark diccwipsis. A. patulata Walk. (17 c). Pal]>us less short than in most AphUopota. T^ostmedian line marked AA'ith black vein-dots. IMedian area often lighter than ])roximal and distal, giAung it a banded ap]Aearance. Ca]'ie Colony (type). Natal and Delagoa Bay, seldom if eAmr common. — $ — f. conturbata Wcdk., also from the Cape, is ]Aale and Aveakly marked and Avas formerly (but erroneously) sunk to vicaria. I gather from Jaxse's account that this may be the regular $ form of the species. - mesotoecha form. nov. Considerably smaller (36 mm), the darkened areas less pronounced than in tyjiical AA ! foreAving Avith a strong, liroad, dark median line or shade, Avell proximal to the cell-mark; hindAving Avith the cell-mark reduced; underside AA'ith the postmedian of both AAdngs slightly more curved near the costa. Pretoria. November 1913 (T,iord Gladstone), 1 A ffi tffo TransAmal MusexAin. Whether an aberration or subs])ecies shoxdd be revealed by further ca].)txn-es in the district. A. strigosissima Bastelh. (18 c). Relatively broad-Avinged. above and beneath almost uniformly irrorated and strigulated. so that the usual lines are obliterated or only discernible Avith close attention; A^eins conspicu¬ ously ]xale; cell-spots sharply black. Only knoAA'u from Angola. - castellana form. nor. is similar but smaller ozoloides didiroaria V -, t'-ansmeaia '■■• .^odncta angusta inqij .siiiuilinea consericeata ;? ? , V};' \ i Pf . <''T /; mx X I' T .. ^ V /• .Uitorrida f'r^ prionodonta i H I Icucc** coin rove rs-j :a !.asaria subcuita purpu-ascens ngr. microptera P>', , ' - Mf:: acyma - itw. 'V Y"* fxPic; iti -'a.,' ^ Hk . ■ V'" participata calidai’ia 03 ASTHENOTRICHA-AXtODES cambcgiaria $ convexana ia U synoloxa $ olivescens cf ocellata cf irrorata cT decipiens curvifascia cT valida limettaria cambogiaria cf intuens $ warreni pictifimbria cf crinita ava cf arcualis cf reprobata $ sata cf hypoptea cf metoeca $ cervina $ hypenissa cf carneata cf unilineata cf rufaria d' lacuum cf tullia cf olearis cf algoaria inangulata cf ^ - dat^i cf sinuata cf intri'^ata fernandi cf malostigma cf turneri cf tricolor cf rubidivenis cf cnephaeogramma d carneata $ trimeres cf robertsoni bipartita cf sectilis cf somereni cf olivata cf canilinea determi - ? nata cf nigerrima ennomaria $ dochmoleuce hemixantharia Pars II. Fauna africana 4. Alfred Kernen. Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart XVI. MICR0LI6IA-ASPILAT0PS1S. 14. dolosa $ intervenata trophonia cP alcidata $ eumetrorphabda $ intricata oncodogramma anguinata bivirgata curvilinea cT apicata cT crenilinea $ errans eupitheciata $ diploschema cT sculpta cT fuscimargo $ admiranda cf admiranda $ mixtaria cf albiordine cT monas cf incondita $ arcuifera cf subochracea serrifasciaria chromatina leptodoma athroopsegma pero strigulosa cf gloriola cf punctata orthobates nipholibes cf simonsi epione cf mixtaria $ tripartita cf incogitata devia karkloofensis cf glaucichorda cf vara cf soni $ antennaria antennaria U johnstonei cf hypopyrrha cf protactosema cf villaria Pars II. Fauna Africana 4. Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart XVI. EXELIOPSIS-OMPHALUCHA. 1 5. perculsaria cf amygdala $ insulanus cf iniinaiura cf alleomorplia cf insciata ansorgei perplexata cT argyropastea rhodoblemma integraria erebaria azelinaria $ camerunica noctuodes craterias curticosta cT dicyrta cf aemoniana y ^ K belli (f breviata $ aemula xera subpunctata eugonia $ extorris trisecta crenulata indeflexa exocholoxa cf orographica cf apira aspera accentuata rufinubes tyttha cf johannaria cf maculatissimus $ abruptaria cf iconoclasis cf lignaria cf prosciodes cf nubimedia $ Pars II. Fauna Africana 4. Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart XVI BUZURA-PACHYPALPIA antecreta stringeri cf edwardsi cf mpalaria aequiiioctialis homoclera perpectinata cf subocularia polyplanes cf pteronyma collenettei bellula cf ansorgei cf faceta cf spuria cf clarivenata cf anisoscia cf sciabola cf polysemna cf IS proximaria cf uloprora cf divisaria cf separataria d expansa simulatrix cf dollmani cf bipannosa cf oncera cf opisthommata cf contemptaria cardinalli $ semidentata cf plethora cf perscotia cf 'A nP' 1 1 Xj«JlBpg>i^ajKTft CT caparia cf subalbata focularia cf symplironima cf cinnamomoneura cf calaria cf fe^.v' i^l i^K Pars II. Fauna Africana 4, Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart XVI ANACLEORA-HEMEROPHILA, 17 a extremaria aiirantiaca Pretoria briela caffraria $ caffraria cT b c apysta indigna catalai umbrata grisea ditriba patulata inelanostigma triphasia statuta d angolaria interpellans leptophema oviceps inelanommata caeca confusata rufiplaga plagifira olginaria Pars. II. Fauna africana 4. Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stniigart \ \ 3 , BICLAVI0ERA-COLOCLE d b c grssea praecana*'ia proiia itionica boiou-’/a;;; Y u- _ _ _ _ ’^ars II. FbYina af r na a. ' • '*w.. ’•> ■; • . ; i