Malaysian Hoya Species A monograph Dale Kloppenburg 6427 N. Fruit Ave. Fresno CA. 93711 First edition Sept. 2004 1 Acknowledgements As in all my work T owe a deep debt of gratitude to all my friends who over the years have advised me, lent a helpful hand, colleeted with me and for me, shared their plants and knowledge. I have labeled contributions in the following data with the names with the who have shared pictures etc. I am most grateful for those who have send me flowers of hoya species they have bloomed for my microscopic studies, without these much of what I here present would not have been possible. I had intended to name all these individuals here but believe as you read this monograph you will see their names and recognize their contributions. To all these 1 say “thank you”, I really appreciate your help and support. I will appreciate your continued support, corrections and additions. My wish is that the material here will add to out understanding of This genus and may be the bases of further study by those who follow. Thank you as readers, students and contributors and interested individuals. Introduction In this works I am including known species of the Genus Hoya R. Brown in the Peninsular Malayan area and the Malaysia Borneo areas of Sabah and Sarawak. The mainland peninsular area has been botanized for years but it is only recently that much attention has been given to the Borneo areas. Our knowledge of the genus has continued to expand in recent years but 1 feel for the most part we have only scratched the surface. We are learning more about speciation and the variations therein. Isolation limits gene flow and this eventually leads to speciation. Our collecting and botanizing efforts cover a long time span but there are many areas yet untouched by these efforts. In general there are vast areas yet to be entered. It is my observation that most of this effort has been confined to road, trail access; along shorelines, streams and mountain ridges. These are places of more easy access but between these areas there are vast expanses of untouched territory yet to feel the feet of botanists. As any collector can tell you the back side of a tree, passed by, may have held anew species easily overlooked. Many of these Malaysian hoya species can be identified in other countries. Many others are endemic to this area but with further research and collecting may be found to also be non-endemic as well. The most widespread species were the first to be discovered and described. Hoya multiflora Blume as a presently recognized single species may in fact represent 3 or more distinct species. It was first described by C. L. Blume in 1823 "Catalogue Gew. Buitenzorg 49". Hoya campanulata, diversifolia & lacunosa were all described by Blume in 1826. hi his work "Bijdagen tot de Flora von Nederalndsche Indie". In subsequent sections I have listed all the species and also the literature 1 pertaining to each. See below "A list of Species & Their Literature References" Here I have listed 50 names (some are synonymous). The name Hoya parasitica Wallich is particularly troublesome to me since if I am correct in assuming Hoya acuta Haworth is the same species then this later species name has priority. (1 have listed both and the pertinent literature). In this regard the name, Hoya acuta was described in 1821. This species is widespread and I have given considerable attention to its literature, highlighting the essential characteristics. In following the early literature I am not convinced that the present material called by these names ( Hoya acuta , parasitica, verticillata, pallida) are actually this species. I have determined that the Malaysian species are actually Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble. It appears hoya acuta Haworth does not extend to the Malaysian area. All these species and several others were lumped under Vahl's Sperlingia verticillata ( Hoya verticillata G. Don) in 1995 (Blumea 40:425-428). I have determined the identification of Vahl's material was incorrect and is in no way (species wise) connected to Hoya acuta Haworth.. It will soon become apparent that we are presently entering into a new phase of species identification as our new tool DNA, RNA and other chemical analysis techniques are starting to be used on our presently collected material. This will give us more tools in addition to our visual observation of reproductive and floral features to use in classifying our material. One of the major differences in classification involves variation within a species. Is the variation that we observe a continuous series, a dine, or are there breaks in continuity and thus separate species. Most species seem to be confined to localized areas, isolated many times by latitude differences (topo-clines) and elevation, substrate and other habitat/environmental confinements (eco-clines). As mentioned above a few appear to be widespread, but even with these exhibit preferences to similar ecological niches. This work includes hoya species found in Malaya and in two states of Sabah and Sarawak across the South China Sea in Borneo. This area comprises the federated states of Malaya now referred to as Malaysia. The two eastern states are about 400 miles from Peninsular Malaya. The area extends a few degrees north of the equator to a nearly 8 degrees north. It is in the same time zone as China, Philippines, Celebes, and Western Australia. Some hoya species are found both on the peninsula and also in the Borneo states but there is a large number that are found only in one area or the other. These species are enumerated later on. In regard to the species presented I have accumulated copies of as many herbarium sheets as possible and presented them here in reduced form. The identifications may or may not be correct. I have gone into considerable depth in the later part of this presentation over the complexity of the nomenclature and priority of the species Hoya acutci Haworth and the synonyms associated with this species. I have also made comments in regard to discrepancies in the literature of a species, in many cases contradictory. 1 have indicated in Bold under each species the type when first indicated, often an illustration. In many instances, especially with B1 Lime's early descriptions no type or illustration was presented. At that time Dr. Blume was trying to determine if many of these species should be presented as Genera or as species of Hoya and in some 2 instances wavered back and forth. Under ICBN, (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) Article 37.1 “Publications on or after 1 January 1958 of the name of a taxon of the rank of genus or below is valid only when the type of the name is indicated. This implies but does not specifically say that prior to this date a description or diagnosis is valid without a type stated, (or an illustration as specified in 37.4). 1 have found many contradictions in the literature that are very perplexing. I do not agree with my friend Dr. Rintz in lumping Hoya plicata King & Gamble with Hoya micrantha Hooker f. ; nor Hoya citrina Ridley with Hoya parasitica Wallich (H. acuta). The species Hoya latifolia G. Don I believe has been misapplied to the herbarium sheets and plants growing in Malaysia. They are certainly not Don's Hoya latifolia , see the type sheet 138-A. For now they seem to be closest to the description of Hoya polystcichya Blume except the corolla is not glabrous inside and the inner coronal lobes do not touch in the center nor is the outer apex acute and pointed upward. There are many other areas where further study is needed. I have always said those who do a lot of work are bound to make some mistakes. In this vein I do not lay blame for any taxonomists mistakes but rather feel it is inevitable. In some instances this is due to not having available all the pertinent material, at other times the confusion that naturally arises in similarities of some species to others, or lack of adequate instruments i.e. microscopes. Those who do nothing do not make mistakes, except the mistake of complacency. It is my desire always that others use my work to further the understanding of hoya speciation. Constructive criticism is always welcome and adds to the furtherance of our knowledge. One of our weaknesses in studying Hoyas is the lack of statistical data on seedling variation. There have been few grow-outs of selfed plants or even of plants within a cline, which would bring aid in understanding the genetics behind the variations we find in the field. For the most part species here have been presented in alphabetical order except for the Hoya acuta Haworth complex which I have presented in depth at the end. As always I hope I have not excluded something pertinent or left out a species. In any case as with my other presentations I shall continue to add new data and photos as time goes on and make corrections if necessary. I have included controversial species such as Hoya occlusa Ridley and Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble. 3 Table of contents Title page & copyright Acknowledgements 2 Introduction 2 Table of contents 5 Methods and Material 7 Characters for Hoya Species Determinations 8 Asclepiadaceae family 1 2 About Hoyas 13 A list of Species & Their Literature References 16 A discussion of The Listed Species Hoya acicularis Green 2002 31 Hoya acuta Haworth 1821 36 also here H. pallida Lindley, H. parasitica Wallich, Determined to be Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble. Hoya callistophylla Green 2000' 38 Hoya campanulata Blume 1826 42 Hoya caudata J. D. Hooker 1883 69 Hoya citrina Ridley 1922 81 Hoya clemensiorum Green 2001 38 Hoya coriacea Blume 1825 95 Hoya curtisii King & Gamble 1908 135 Hoya diversifolia Blume 1826 144 Hoya elliptica Hooker f. 1883 182 Hoya endauensis Kiew 1889 196 Hoya erythrina Rintz 1978 198 Hoya erythrostemma Kerr 1939 204 Hoya excavate Teijsmann & Binnendijk 1863 207 Hoya finlaysonii Wight 1834 217 Hoya forbesii King & Gamble 1903 244 Hoya fraterna Blume 1849 246 Hoya gildingii Kloppenburg 2001 260 Hoya glabra Schlechter 1908 266 Hoya imperialis Lindley 1846 270 Hoya kastbergii Kloppenburg 2003 302 Hoya kloppenburgii Green 2001 308 Hoya lacunosa Blume 1826 314 Hoya lambii Green 2000 349 Hoya lasiantha Blume ex Kothrals 356 Hoya latifolia G. Don 1838 380 Hoya maingayi Hooker f. 415 Hoya meridithii Green 1994 422 Hoya micrantha Hooker f. 1883 436 Hoya mitrata Kerr 1940 4 Hoya multiflora Blume 1823 452 Hoya nabawanensis Kloppenburg & Wiberg 2002 510 Hoya nyhuusiae Kloppenburg 2003 515 Hoya obtusifolia Wight 1834 522 Hoya occlusa Ridley 544 Hoya parvifolia Wight 1908 545 Hoya perakensis Ridley 1910 555 Hoya phyllura O Schwartz 1931 556 Hoya plicata King & Gamble 1908 560 Hoya polystachya Blume 1849 583 Hoya pusilla Rintz 1978 591 Hoya recurvula Kloppenburg 599 Hoya revoluta Wight ex Hooker 1883 606 Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble 1903 635 Hoya scortechinii King & Gamble 1903 648 Hoya sigillatis Green 2004 655 Hoya sipitangensis 2002 659 Hoya spartioides (Kuntz) Kloppenburg 664 Hoya walliniana Kloppenburg & Nyhuus 2004 672 Hoya waymaniae Kloppenburg 1995 679 Hoya wrayi King & Gamble 1903 685 The Ganges Hoya 688 Appendix I Species Holotypes 795 5 Methods and Materials I have used a Swift binocular scope for most of my detailed work. It is equipped with a 10X and 30X lens. It is the 10X magnification that I use mostly on flower parts. I have an adapter for an SLR camera which fits over the eye piece allowing direct view of the subject through the camera and thus focal length can be adjusted easily. The 10X produces a final picture that is 16X due to the added focal length (distance from eyepiece to the film). I photograph the peduncle and rachis. Next I photograph the outside of the corolla to show the relationship of the calyx to the corolla and its sinuses. Then the calyx and pedicel is pulled free from the corolla and photographed in side view to show the surface of the pedicel, outer calyx and attached ovaries. Measurements of all these parts are made and structure noted. I then cut below the calyx with a razor blade and place the calyx face up for a photo of the inside (top view) of the calyx. Again measuring and noting overlap, cilia and ligules etc. Next the flower is photographed from the top to show the relationships of the corona to the corolla (inner surface of flower). Next the corolla is separated from the corona, the ventral, (bottom, outside) of the corolla are photographed and corolla is flattened, often needing Kew solution, in order to flatten it to the slide. This process gives measurements for comparisons with outer flowers. Indumentum is noted and any patterns of differential thickenings of the corolla tissue. The dorsal (inside) surface is then photographed. Next the corona (ventral and dorsal surfaces) bottom is photographed and finally the top. An individual scale is carefully removed using a fine sewing needle as a scalpel to cut down along the anther wings and photographed and measured. This process and the bending back of the inner coronal lobes reveals the stylar pentagonal table so it can be photographed and measured. Finally the pollinarium are removed using the needle and placed in a drop of Kew solution on a slide. These I photograph with a Bausch and Lomb monocular scope. This scope has lenses of 40X, 100X and 400X. Unless 1 am looking for great detail or if the pollinarium is extremely large I use the 100X lens; and this yields a photo 165X on the film. It is necessary usually to remove a number of Pollinarium to find or maneuver one so that it lays face up and with the pollinia spread out rather naturally on the slide surface. There is a measuring guide on the slide. Light sources: I work near a large picture window so there is a lot of light. I also focus a Tensor lamp onto the subject on the slide. I use the bulb function of the camera for an 8 second exposure on 200 ASA film (I prefer Agafa for its warm tone enhancements) on all binocular pictures (no bottom light). On the monocular scope I have the Tensor lamp shining up through the stage and subject and use only 1-2 second exposure. Films or prints are processed and scanned with a HP S20 (Photo Smart) scanner into the computer files under Word for Window. 6 Characters for Hoya Species Determinations Foliage (Vegetative considerations): In the genus Hoya the foliage and plant growth characters are highly variable and thus should be of benefit in delineation species. The vegetative characteristics that can be used in separating species are numerous. Consider the following: Leaf size, shape, texture, positioning, margine type, venation, color, presence or absence of glands, internal cell structure. Take any one of these categories and see how the possibilities for separating species are multiplied. For example in leaf size (length and width ratios) hoya species range from very small, Hoya bilobata Schltr. or even small terete as in Hoya linearis Wallich to very large, the size of dinner plates as with Hoya loyceandrewsiana Green. In combinations with the other floral differences the possibilities will number in the hundreds. Until now no researcher it seems has studied the relative value of floral characters versus floral characters. In addition little research has been diverted to leaf internal cellular structural differences. Venation appears to be important, how ever keep in mind that the floral characters may override many foliar differences at least in some taxonomic classifications. Leaves vary much due to environmental conditions and this must be taken to account. Floral characters are much more stable. Ted Green, Kaaaw^a, Hawaii has pointed out, that when species (mature plants) are growm in a single location (fairly uniform environments) each species, to a great extent, has an overall appearance, which is easy to recognize. Once familiar with this overall appearance, species can easily be recognized even when not in flower. In this regard, however, let us consider the w ork of Paul Forster and David Liddle in Australia "Variations in Hoya Australis R. Brown ex Trail" Austrobaileya 3/3:1991. These authors felt that the floral characters of 5 Australian species were so similar (within a reasonable range of variation, with no discontinuities) that they were grouped together as subspecies. These are: Hoya australis subsp. australia, subspecies oramicola, subsp. rupicola, subsp. sanae and subsp. tenuipes. "These taxa exhibit a wide range of vegetative forms but are relative uniform in terms of floral morphology". In this works floral continuity seemed paramount and floral characteristics were to a large extent disregarded. The foliage of these subspecies is vastly different in size shape, color, texture, leaf glands, and surface indumentum. There also is considerable amount of variation in the size and shape and other characters of the sepals, corolla and coronas and to some extent the poll inaria. Suffice it to say the authors did a lot of work and comparisons on this group and they feel the flower shape was consistent throughout. They overrode flower size, coronal lobe length and width and pollinarium length and width but felt there was a continuous variation present so a cline existed with some minor variances. No statistical analysis was presented. 7 Floral (reproductive considerations): This brings us to what has been the primary way of delineating hoya species. Starting with the peduncle it has been recently pointed out by David Kleijn, Utrecht, The Netherlands "the shape of the peduncle is variable between species but rather consistent within species across environments, making it a character by which otherwise similar species may be separated when not in flower." This fact should be recognized but it is not infallible. Take the well-known long peduncled form in Hoya obscura Elmer ex Merrill ex Burton, among the many clones with shorter peduncles. I believe this points out fact that it is usually best to consider as many factors as possible that are present to aid in identification. The rachis is usually distinctive (species specific), possibly a more stable character then peduncle length (but usually not mentioned). In addition to the various shapes, there are present in some species basal pedicel bracts that are different for each species and finally there are differences in the origin of the pedicels from apical ly to fascicled. I think it also appropriate to continually keep in mind the possibility of misidentification of even well known species, that what we feel sure of may be incorrect. In addition I am sure you are all aware of the need for the study of as many clones of a species as possible to aid in the determination of possible dines where there is continuous variation present. It is necessary to see if the continuity is continuous or broken, in some instances it will take much time to make definitive determinations. All possibilities, differences, and similarities should be taken into account. There are numerous differences in the flower clusters (strictly speaking these are not umbels since in many cases the pedicels are of different length and do not necessarily arise from a common center). There are globose and semi globose clusters, all pedicels the same length. There are clusters with uneven pedicel lengths, convex, flat and concave and they can be dangling down (geotropic) pointed horizontally and also upright. In Hoya waymaniae Kloppenburg we have flower clusters on long peduncles that are vertical protruding through the debris cover of the forest floor (not in all cases). First of all after the peduncle, are its attached pedicels supporting the individual flowers. To be considered is the length, diameter, surface, curvature or straight, enlarging toward the calyx or not, and color. Next is the calyx, important here is the size, shape, thickness and surfaces characteristics inside and out, its relationship to the corolla, overlap or not of the sepals, presence or absence of ligule like structures, their number and size and shape and any modifications. Possibly the cellular structure and vascular system. The ovaries, their conformation, surfaces (usually glabrous but some with hair cells), dimensions and germinal openings on top that should be noted. Possibly positioning and number of vascular bundles at the base ring and internally the ovule arrangement etc. are other considerations that might be noted. Of increasing importance are the corolla, corona and pollinaria. With the corolla one should consider the size, surface textures inside and out, and their irregularities, the extent and type of lobe formation, color and its extent (although subject to environmental 8 factors it is also genetic). Surface modifications such as thickenings and hair patterns, collar types, size and shape. Next the corona offers a myriad of possibilities and evolutionary progression of this structure as with other structures needs intensive study. We need to be aware of the whole structure, as to size and positioning and its relationship to the underlying corolla. The relative absolute sizes, shape, length and thickness of the column and whether hairy, glabrous, etc. The same goes for the corona itself, including its depth and all feature modifications. The inner and outer lobe types and shapes (inner lobes can broadly be divided into two types, either spatulate or dentate) and including their relative positioning in relationship to each other and to the corolla. The lobes position to the anthers and the flower center and where it is attached to the anthers below. The dorsal surface structure including umbos, concavities, keels and side structure, sulcations etc. Modifications of the sides of the lobes, e.g. shelf-like projections and their magnitude, bilobed formations and their end character, sulcations or textures, absence or extent of thickness and shape. Note the under structure of these lobes, the side modifications, grooved or not and if grooved the extent of its progression toward the column. In addition these surfaces can be smooth or sulcate and the direction of sulcation should be noted. Normally there are two divisions here grooved or with a skirt and no groove as in Section Otostemma (Blume) Miquel. We now have two transitional species with both skirts, grooves and bilobes: Hoya myrmecopa Kleijn and Donklaar and Hoy a kloppenburgii Green and also Hoy a revoluta Wight. The authors of the former say "the flowers set this species well apart from other sections within the genus in combining characteristics of species from sections within the genus that differ markedly in flora morphology. To our knowledge H. myrmecopa is the only species that has both a convex negative geotropic umbel and bilobed coronal extensions. It seems the hoya genus is full of exceptions. In my opinion these two species bridge the gap between the Section Otostemma (Blume) Miquel and Section Acanthosternma (Blume) Kloppenburg. Next for consideration is the type of anthers and their lengths relative to the inner coronal lobe, their breadth and the anther pocket structure. The anther wings which form the sides of the channel which leads to the stigmatic surface has a number of modification which should be noted, thick, thin, doubled, its projection or lack thereof beyond the sinus, and its depth and curvature. A pentagonal stylar table, with differing dimensions and center structuring, occupies the center of the flower. The center sometimes as in Hoya darwinii Loher could be used as a species identification character alone. The stigmas are at the 5 comers are fused or divided at their upper surface and here is a raised template the shape of the retinaculum, that may guide the secretions from the stigma or stigmas. I feel I have left the most important structure until last. This is the pollinarium, although not a visible character, but one that should be viewed with a high magnification scope, thus it has limitations. It is a structure, maybe the only structure, that seems most of the time to withstand long periods on herbarium material unchanged. Unless of course it is attack buy insects, or by fungus or carelessly preserved. Taken as a whole the 9 pollinarium of each species is distinct. I have measured this structure from flowers bloomed in successive years and from different locations and have never observed any variation in measurements. This is contrary to some research findings, which have pointed to measurement variations in length and width of pollinia. In these cases I would say that maybe they should consider that they are dealing with different species. There are negative aspects to the study of pollinaria. In some instances they are difficult to remove intact. At other times they flip on the axis of the caudicle translator attachment. (This can be seen in Rintz's drawing of Hoy a latifolia Don, Hoy a elliptic a Hooker and Hoya mitrata Kerr, and he is not the only one who seems to have glossed over this structure). The pollinia also in some species have a tendency to lay on the diagonal so the pellucid edge is obscured. Next it takes high power on a microscope to observe all details. (Here Rintz missed the short pellucid edge on Hoya danvinii Loher and Hoya mitrata Kerr). Since the structure is 3 dimensional it is necessary to focus up and down to observe all the ramifications. This structure is made up of the following parts: the pollinia (structure which holds the individual pollen grains) with its pellucid edge and a vacuole (or area void of pollen grains) in from that (on most species), a basil side orifice for the intake of fluids needed for germination of the pollen grains. The structure easily dries out and shrivels when exposed to heat from a microscope lamp. These pollinia are formed first before the translators and caudicles are secreted by the stigmas and even before the secretions of the retinaculum is complete. The pollinia are held at their base by a (usually) clear sticky bulbous end of the caudicle. This structure differs in size and length of its head and tail among species. It is supported by the translators that are more structured are mostly wedge shaped with a slightly concave top which supports the more fluid caudicles. Both these structures narrow to tails as they enter the side channels of the retinaculum and are attached one above the other to the inside central wall of the channels (inside the retinaculum). These two structures along with the central retinaculum have great diversity in shape, structure and form. Since the pollinarium of each species is so specific and complex they give us very many distinct possibilities for species identification. The retinacula are widely different in different species, with many parts forming distinct structural entities that should not be overlooked. It seems that with all the above-enumerated characteristics of hoyas at out fingertips it should be easy to determine a species. When we collect a new plant our first process is to determine if it has been previously been described. This is usually not an easy task, as we need to study the type plant in some herbarium (it could be anywhere in the world's herbaria). We do not always know for sure if the type even exists and secondly must trace down where and if it exists. If we can not find herbarium material we search the literature to see if there seems to be a match. What we find is that many of the early descriptions are so incomplete that being sure of an identification by this means alone, is almost impossible. We can look at subsequent descriptions and here we may find conflicting data and in some cases descriptions that are of some other species. Lastly the places of origin are often incorrect and some cases exist, of actual falsification. Even drawings in Curtis Botanical Magazine and Fleur des Serries can be entirely wrong, mislabeled as with Hoya fraterna Blume, and this is not the only one. With diligence and 10 perseverance we may arrive at a correct determination and possibly a consciences. I have observed that a taxonomist who is prone to lump similar species together looks at hoyas and sees all the similarities and believes that there are intermediates between any differences they note. Those taxonomists who look at species and see all the differences tend to disregard any continuous variations that may exist as too extreme to exemplify continuity. Genetic studies of seedling populations should determine just what variations exist and to what extent differences can be attributed to variations observed. With biological entities there is usually an expanded middle group with diverging ends. Most species fall into a large central group and from there spread out (morphographically, biologically, structurally etc.) to singular unique species on the peripheries. This is usually thought of as a sign wave in two dimensional views, or as a dome in spatial view. We should always keep in mind the factor of time, however, for with time comes change, often in small increments but occasionally by catastrophic proportions. In this regard species with wide geographic distribution and clonal attributes finally become isolated, change with time and the result is new species. Asclepiadaceae R. BR. Let’s look back to where hoya fits in taxonomically. Hoya is a genus in the family Asclepiadaceae "The Milkweed Family" now reduced to a sub-family of Apocinaceae. The family occurs in the temperate regions of the world; the majority of species are from the tropics and subtropics, especially in South America and Southern Africa. Most have a milky sap. They are vines, scramblers, danglers, herbs, and rarely trees or shrubs. Most are succulent or with fleshy underground parts, contain complex branched or unbranched lattices of various alkaloids and glycosides. They are plants with internal phloem present, with opposite leaves whorled, rarely spiral. The flower parts are in 5’s, except for two pistils. The flowers are borne in cymes, racemose or umbel like. Each flower is bisexual (containing both male and female pails), are regularly symmetrical, of 5 partly fused sepals and 5 fused petals (the corolla). In the flower central area is 5 fleshy parts (the corona) overlying the anthers which contain pockets holding the male parts (the pollen). A 5-sided stylar table or head, at the edges of which are the 10 fused stigmas (or 5 bi- parted stigmas), supports the corona. All this structure encloses the two ovaries at the interior center of each flower. Various classification schemes usually divide the family into parts and subparts. Decaisne in De Candolle's Prodromus divided the family into 5 suborders. The 5th, being Stapeliae; consisting of 2 divisions. Division II Ceropegiae contains among other genera, Stapelia, Ceropegia, Dischidia and Hoya. The Genus Hoya R. Brown can be delineated by pollen masses being erect or connivent, lying upon the edge of the stylar table, fixed by the base. Anthers terminated by a membrane. The genus was named for Mr. Thomas Hoy, the intelligent and successful cultivator of wide renown, who worked for the Duke of Northumberland at Scion House, England. The word hoya is the Latinization of Mr. Hoy’s name. 11 ABOUT HOYAS It is said that "life is piled upon life in the tropical forests". The mist and rain forests where hoy a species live represent only about 3 % of the earth's land surface, yet these areas abound in plant and animal diversity. These areas represent a long uninterrupted period of evolution. They were not subjected to glaciation or wide temperature fluctuations. Humidity is high and the plants form multistoried environments in many cases. Many plants here have evolved to fit specific narrow niches. The Asclepiads evolved, developing the union of carpers by a common stigma to form a gynostegium and pollen masses as part of the male reproductive structure, the pollinarium. They have evolved a greater range of adaptability to their environment than their cousins hi the families Periplocaceae or Apocinaceae. What is left of these dwindling forests are home to a disproportionate number and diversity of species. Most hoyas being vines are well adapted to this darkened environment. They are almost in continuous growth and thus evolve more rapidly to fit existing conditions. They are able to reach for more intense light found near the tops of the high forest canopy or help fill the gaps in the forests created by continually changing conditions. Most prefer treetops and forest clearings, and along trails and streams. They might properly be termed "Gap Plants". Since hoya seeds are dispersed by wind, this "high or open living" aids in their survival. Unfortunately the habitat is shrinking as a result of logging and the majority of the mist forests are gone from the Philippines. Borneo is under intense logging pressure (The world's human populations continue to expand and encroach). What is true in Borneo and the Philippines is also true in most other hoya habitats. In a way, this affords more forest edge gaps as environment for hoya species, however too much of a good thing is detrimental. Hoya is a group (genus) of plants that belong to the milkweed family, Asclepiadaceae. More about this later (see page 3). As with many things in nature, we cannot be dogmatic when considering many aspects of this plant Genus. We can say that hoyas are vines, most are. However, there are species that are more bush-like. Most twine and climb up tree trunks or amongst large shrubs, but then there are many that are pendant, hanging down over large limbs, exposing their dangling stems to the monsoon winds of the moist tropics. Again, most hoyas are found as epiphytes and usually hang in the branches and crowns of tall jungle trees seeking sunlight. Many staid their life in the dampness of the tropic forest floor. Wind borne seeds that germinate in this dampness on the forest floor, but especially the climbers, find their way up stems, tree trunks and branches, to eventually die out below and find life support above. Many seeds germinate but only a few establish themselves and grow to become massive vines or clumps. Many germinate on suitable substrates in the trees themselves. Contrary to some past statements the coma on a hoya seed is not hydroscopic but in fact repel water. They most likely stick to surfaces by electrostatic charges. 12 I have seen vines covering the massive crowns of giant forest trees. Vines in profusion, hanging 30-40 feet in a dangling mass from huge primary forest trees. Some small species, may form a compact clump-like mat on a tree limb. Many hoyas prefer limestone ledges, outcroppings or boulders (this is especially true of Hoya citrina Ridley. Most hoyas are lowland species, even living in the mangroves at sea level, but here again some species can be found at high altitudes in the cool mists and cloud covered mountaintops of the tropical rainforests. Hoyas are native to many exotic places. Their westward extension begins on the island of Sri Lanka (Ceylon), off the southwestern coast of India. They are found in peninsular India, the upper Ghats region, the Punjab, Simla and in Sikkim, around Kolimpong in the foothill region of the Himalayas and to the East in the Kasi and Naga hill country. From here then eastward into Burma, Thailand, Southern China, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. There are species found on Taiwan and the Japanese Island of Okinawa. Numerous species are found on the 1,400 or so islands of Philippines. Home is also in Sumatra, Indonesia, other islands of Indonesia, including all of Borneo, the Celebes and New Guinea, and Malaysia. In Australia around Darwin facing the Arafura Sea, on to Cape York and down the east coastal area south to Northern New South Wales. From the Australian mainland and across the main island of New Guinea they are found on all the lesser islands of New Ireland, New Britain, Bougainville and on down the islands of the Solomon chain, and South to Vanuatu (New Hebrides) and New Caledonia. They are at home even further to the east in the many islands of the Fiji group, and on to Tonga and the Samoan Islands. In the American Trust territories of Truck and Ponapae, in the central pacific, one species had been found in each location. In all this vast area, there are islands, valleys, mountain slopes, hidden canyons where hoyas have not yet been collected. Our chances of discovering new species are certain. Until recently, there were only a few species available for the plant lover to enjoy. A surge of well-deserved interest in this genus has led to a flurry of collecting and the available species and clones have grown year by year. It is a continuing quest that is interesting, educational, a boon to the conservation of these species and above all, exciting. I'm sure most will agree this is a group of plants that are beautiful, exotic and well worth your devoted attention and study. Even when not in bloom, the well-cared-for plants exhibit beautiful foliage, with each species different in color, texture, shape and markings. It is always a joy to observe the development of the new growth, which are often in bronze, maroon and reddish tones. Back to our description of these plants. Most hoyas have opposite leaves, two at a node, but again, we have an exception in the case of the Hoya imbricata complex. One leaf of these species aborts or does not develop and the remaining circular leaf oppresses itself closely to the trunks of mango trees and other forest trees, most often with one leaf overlapping the next, shingle fashion. This gives rise to the specific name of "imbricata" which means overlapping. The stem is usually covered by these cupped leaves under which are many rootlets. This is an ideal hiding and nesting place for ants, which take full advantage of the place to call home. In many cases, a colony of small ants can be found here. This is a symbiotic relationship. Actually, if you pull a plant off it’s substrate the 13 ants will find you. The plant winds its way up the tree trunks, often almost completely covering the surface, orienting themselves to the preferred amount of light, moisture and exposure to the jungle breezes. The majority of hoya species have milky latex-like sap. A few species, like Hoya monetteae Green have clear liquid sap. Most hoyas I have found seem to prefer the edges of the darkened forest where there is some light and yet not the open areas of scrub and grass where the sunlight is intense. The exceptions are found in the dry regions, like the areas inland from Darwin, Australia, and in North Eastern Thailand. Due to wet and dry cycles, species may find themselves in areas subjected to prolonged drought. Here a succulent nature will aid in their survival until the next wet period. I have seen instances of this in central Sulawesi, Indonesia and in North western Borneo, Malaysia. In the trees, now often isolated in many habitat areas due to forest destruction, you can often find one or more hoya species flourishing in the crown or twining among the aerial roots and gnarled trunks. Areas where trees have been cut for timber or for slash and burn agriculture, power line clearings and other such human undertakings, are excellent places to find mature plants and usually many seedlings amongst the moss, broken limbs and rotting trees. The area where I found the most intensive growth of hoyas in the wild was in a cultivated field of taro, Calocasia esculenta , amongst the rotting trunks of forest giants and on adjacent small trees left for shade on the island of Upolu in Western Samoa, about 3,000 miles south west of Hawaii. In collecting, we must always keep conservation in mind, do not strip whole plants away; leave major portions there for their continued growth. We should make a herbarium specimen from a small portion. Plants can be grown from a single nodal cutting. In areas about to be burned, it is another matter. Plants exposed to the direct rays of the sun with no shady canopy will not survive long, but often long enough to flower and fruit. This is a desperate move for species survival, a last hurrah. High altitude hoyas find themselves in cloud mists. Intermediate and low elevation hoyas often experience a wet and dry seasonal fluctuation. There is no spring, summer, fall, or winter only wet or dry. Some hoya habitats are extremely dry for long periods of time. Inland from Darwin, Australia, a hoya may only be subject to rainfall once in 3-5 years when the monsoon rain pattern changes and a storm sweeps inland to these areas. In these dry areas, the plants develop succulent, thick leaves, storing liquids for survival until the next supply of moisture occurs. Most hoya species have rather thick leaves and can be considered succulent in nature. Again, there are exceptions and we find a few species that are very thin leaved. These are difficult to ship from place to place, with little chance of survival. Their fleshiness ranges from very thin and fragile to the very thick and succulent. They inhabit areas from seashore to high tropical mountains tops. They include vine-like climbers and bushy forms, from small and dainty to strong and vigorous growers and, I might add, from wee flowers to flowers three inches across. Good places to find hoyas are along streams, the edges of cultivated fields and most often but not exclusively on old primary forest trees. 14 A list of Species & Their Literature References Hoya acicularis T. Green & Kloppenburg. Fraterna 15/4: 2002, 7-12 Hoya acuta Haworth (see H. pallida & H. parasitica) Note most likely not extending to Malaysia. Revisions Plantarum Succulentarum (1821) 4 A. H. Haworth Journal of Botany, British & Foreign, 36 (1898) 413-414, 418. Hoya callistophylla T. Green. Fraterna 13/4: 2000, 2-4 Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya campanulata Blume. Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsche Inde (1826) 1064. C. L. Blume. A General System of Gardening and Botany 23 (1837) 127. G. Don. Synopsis Plantarum 6 (1840) 892 D. N. F. Dietrich. Tijdschrift von Natur, Geschieden Physiol. 10 (1843) 125. Hoev & De Vriese. DeCandolle, Prodramus Syst. Veg. 8 (1844) 633. Decaisne. Botanical Register 33 (1847) 19, t. 54. J. Lindley. Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum 1 (1849) 57. C. L. Blume. Magazine of Botany 13 (1849) 237. Paxton. Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 (1848-1859) 63. G. C. Walpers. Curtis's Botanical Magazine (1850) 4545. The Cottage Gardener 7 (1851) 209. Tuinbouw Flora 1 (1853) 72. DeVriese. Flora Indiae Bataviae 2 (1856) 513. Miquel. Flora Indiae Bataviae 2 ( 1 856) 5 1 5-5 1 6. Miquel. The Garden (1880) 354. Z. B.. Dictionary of Gardening 2 (1884) 155. George Nicholson. Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4 (2) (1895) 289. Engler & Prantl. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 74/2 (1903) 561;578-579. King & Gamble. System atisches Verzeichnis Family 1 (1911) 5. Koorders/Schumacher. Exkersionsflora von Java 3 (1912) 96. S. H. Koorders & Ann Schumacher. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 85 (1921) 506. H. Ridley. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 4 (1923). H. N. Ridley. Cyclopedia of Gardening (Horticulture) (1930) 2612 L. H. Bailey. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut fur Allergemeine Botanik in Hamburg & (193 1) 261 Schwartz. Malayan Wildflowers (Malayan Nature Society) sect 14 (1974) 295. M. R. Henderson. Malayan Nature Journal 30 #3/4 (1978) 395. “The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya'’ R. E. Rintz. Flora of Java 2 (1963-1968) 265 C. A. Backer & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink f.. 15 Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoy a caudata Hooker f. Flora of British India 4 ( 1 883) 60. J. D. Hooker Flora of the Malay Peninsula (1923) 394-395. Henry Nicholas Ridley Journal if the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch “Flora of the Malayan Peninsula” (1907) 568 King & Gamble. Malayan Nature Journal 30 3/4 (1978) 484. “The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya” R, E. Rintz. Hoya citrina Ridley. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 86 (1922) 300. H. Ridley. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 4 (1923) 397. H. Ridley. (7) H. citrina Ridl. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 514. R. E. Rintz. Hoya cleinensiorum T. Green Fraterna 14/3: 2001, 11-15 Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya coriacea Blume. Bijdragen tot de Flora von Nederlandsch Indie (1825) 1063. C. L. Blume. General System of Gardening and Botany (1837) 127. G. Don. The Botanist 4 (1840) 178. B. Maund. Synopsis Plantarum 6 ( 1 840) 892. D, N. F. Dietrich. Tijdschrift vor Naturilijke Geschiedens Physio. 10 (1843) 182. Hove. & DeVriese. De Candolle’s Prodromus 8 (1844) 638. Decaisne. Rumphia4 (1848) 52. C. L. Blume. Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum (1849) 42. C. L. Blume. Botanical Magazine (1850) 4518. Curtis. Fleur des Series 6 (1850) 143. Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 (1852) 66. (under leones Addendae) G. C. Walpers. Tuinbouw Flora 1 (1853) 68. DeVriese. Flora van Nederlandsch Jndie Batavia 1 (1856) 522-523. Miquel. The Flora of British India 4 ( 1 883 ) 6 1 . J . D. Hooker. Dictionary of Gardening (1885) 155. G. Nicholson. Einn. Soc. of London Trans. Bort. 3 (1888) 321. Blumea “Notes on the Flora of Java” (1950) 378. R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink. Blumea “Notes on the Flora of Java” (1950) 378. R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch. (1907) 573. “Flora of the Malayan Peninsula” King & Gamble. ExkersionslJora von Java 3 (1912) 100. S. H. Koorders. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 85 (1921) 506. H. Ridley. A Flora of the Malay Peninsula (1923) 394. H. N. Ridley. Some Noteworthy Plants from Thailand 2 (1955) 8. T. Smitnand. Dictionary of Gardening RHS (1965) 1015. Flora of Java 2 (1965) 267 Backer II. 16 Malayan Nature Journal 30 (3/4) (1978) 497-498. R. E. Rintz. The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 86. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. Philippine Hoya Species 3rd. Ed. (1996) 55-56. R. D. Kloppenburg. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya curtisii King & Gamble. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 4 (190) 563. King & Gamble “Flora of the Malayan Peninsula” Flora of the Malaya Peninsula 4 (1923) 394. H. Ridley. Malayan Nature Journal 30 #3/4 (1978) 395. “The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya” R. E. Rintz. The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 86- 87. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. Hoya diversifolia Blume. Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsche Inde (1826) 1064. C. L. Blume. Allgem Med-Pharm. FI. 3 (1834) 1084. Kosteletsky. General System of gardening and Botany 4 (1837) 127. G. Don. De Candolle Prodromus Syst. Veg. 8 (1844) 637. Decaisne. Flora Indiae Bataviae 2 (1856) 518. Miquel. Flora of British India 4 (1883) 61. J. D. Hooker. Transactions of the Linnean Society 3 (1888) 321. IT. Ridley. Revisio Genera Plantarum 2 (1891). O. Kuntze. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 2 (1903) 570. “Flora of the Malaya Peninsula” King & Gabble. Fragmentia of the Flora of the Philippineae 1 (1904) 129. R. Schlechter & O. Warburg. Systematisches Verzeichnis Family 1(1911)6. S. H. Koorders & Ann Schumacher. Exkersionsflora von Java 3 (1912). S. H. Koorders & Ann Schumann. Flore Generate des Indo Chine 4 (1912) 131-132. J. Constantin. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 4(1923)396. H. Ridley. Florae Siamensis Enumeratio (1951) 35. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Illustrated Guide to Tropical Plants (1960) 661. Flora of Java 4 ( 1 965) 269. Journal of the Royal Horticulture Society (1973). A. J. Wills. Malayan Wildflowers (1974) 298. M. R. Henderson. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 518-519. Rintz. Asklepios 33 (1985) 62-63. L. Wood. The Asclepiadaceous Works of F. R. R. Schlechter (1992) 30. A. Nicholas. The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 87. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya elliptica Hooker, f. The Flora of British India 4 (1883) 58 J. D. Hooker. 17 The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 74 (1908). King & Gamble. Flora of the Malaya Peninsula 2 (1901) 394. H Ridley. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 505-508. R. L. Rintz. The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 87. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. Hoya endauensis Kiew. In The Malayan Nature Journal 42 (1989) 262-265. R. Kiew. Hoya erythrina Rintz. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 501. R. T. Rintz. Hoya Handbook (1992) 69. D. Kloppenburg & A. Wayman. The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 87. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. Hoya erythrostemma Kerr. Kew Bulletin (1939) 460. (Siam). A. F. G. Kerr. Florae Siamensis Enumeratio (1951) 36. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 507-509. R. L. Rintz. In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 88. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya excavata Teijsmann & Binnendijk. Natuurkunndie Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie 25 (1863) 406. J. E. Teijsmann & S. Binnendijk. Hoya finlaysonii Wight. Contributions to the Botany of India (1834) 38. R. Wight & Wallich. General System of Gardening & Botany 4 (1837) 127. G. Don. Synopsis Plantarum 6 (1840) 892. D. N. F. Dietrich. Prodramus System Veg. (DeCandolle) 8 (1844) 638. Decaisne. Flora van Nederlandsch Indie Batavae 1 (1856). F. A. W. Miquel. The Flora of British India 4 (1883) 62. J. D. Hooker (under doubtful and excluded species). Flora of the Malaya Peninsula 2 (1903) 574-575. King & Gamble. Flora of the Malaya Peninsula 2 (1923) 394, 397. H. Ridley. Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1925) 36. W. G. Craib & A. F, G. Kerr. Malayan Nature journal 30, 3/4 (1978) 511. R. E. Rintz. The Hoya Handbook (1992) 70. D. Kloppenburg & A. Wayman. The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 88. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 18 Hoya forbesii King & Gamble. Flora of the Malay Peninsula ( 1903) 574. King & Gamble. The Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 ( 1 923). H. Ridley. Malay Nature Journal 30(34) (1978) 517-518. R. L. Rintz. Hoya fraterna Blume. Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum 1 (1849) 44. C. L. Blume. Botanical Magazine (Curtis’s) (1850) 4684. Fleur des Serres 8 (1852) 815 J.E. P. Tuinbouw Flora 1 (1853) 69. W. H. DeVriese. Flora van Nederlandsch Indie 1 (1856) 522. F. A. W. Miquel & Zollinger. Annales Systematicae 5 (1858) 505. W. G. Walpers. The Garden (1880) 354. Handbook of Succulent Plants Herman Jacobsen. Flower Garden 3 (1884) 639. (Paxton’s). Exkersionsflora von Java “Flora of Java” 3 (1912) 99. S. H. Koorders. Standard Cyclopedia of Gardening (Horticulture) (1930) 1603. F. M. Bailey. The Hoya Handbook (1 992) 71 . D. Kloppenburg & A. Wayman. Dictionary of the Royal Horticultural Society. Fraterna 2nd Quarter (1993) 11. R. D. Kloppenburg. The Hoya Handbook, 2nd Book. R. D. Kloppenburg. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya gildingii Kloppenburg. Fraterna 14/4: 2001, 1-5 Hoya glabra Schlechter. Beiblatt zu den Botanischen Jahrbucher #92 40 (1908) 13. R. Schlechter. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Straits Branch (Spec. #) (1921) 506. H. Ridley. The Asclepiadaceous Works of F. R. R. Schlechter (1992) 30. A. Nicholas. Dr. Schlechter' s Hoya Species (1993) 68-69. (Translation) R. D. Kloppenburg. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya imperialis Lindley. Botanical Register sub t. 68 (1846). Lindley. Repertorium Botanices Systematicae (1846) 743 (493). Botanical Magazine (1848) t. 4397. (Curtis’s) Hooker. Flower Garden 12(1848) 164. (Paxton’s) Fleur des Serres 4 (1848) 393-394. Annales de la Societe Royal D’Agriculture wt de Botanique 4 (1848) 413-414. Magazine of Botany 15 (1851)214. Paxton. The Cottage Gardener 8 (1852) 50. D. Beaton. Tuinbouw" Flora 1 (1853) 69-70. W. H. DeVriese. Gartenfl ora (1855) 282. The Cottage Gardener and Country Gentlemen's Companion (1856) 78. Flora Indiae Bataviae 2 (1857) 527. F.A. W. Miquel. 19 The Garden 18 (1880) 355. Manual of Cultivated Plants. L. H. Bailey. Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 (1852). G. W. Walpers. Annales Botanices Systematicae 5 (1858) 506. G. W. Walpers. The Flora of British India (1883) 59. J. D. Hooker. Sukkulenten (1892) 16. Rumpler & Schumann. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 4 (1903) 565. King & Gamble. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 399. H. N. Ridley. Plantae Elmerianae (UC Press) “Borneenses” 1 5 (1929) 257-258. E. D. Merrill. The Cyclopedia of Gardening (1930) 1613. L. H. Bailey. A Handbook of Succulent Plants (1954). H. Jacobsen (Reprint 1960). Dictionary of the Royal Horticulture (1965) 1st. Edition 1951. Exotica III (1976). A. B. Graf. Complete Handbook of Cacti and Succulent Plants. Clive Innes. Exotic Plant Manual A. B. Graf. Exotica III ( 1 978) 1631. A. B. Graf. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 503. “The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya” R. E. Rintz. Hortus III (1979). & in (1976) 574. Ashingtonia 3 (1980) 5/6. The Asclepiadaceous Works of F. R. R. Schlechter (1992) 30. A. Nicholas. Asklepios (1992) 24-26. P. I. Forster & A. J. Liddle. Tropica 4 (1992) 1020. A. B. Graf. Philippine Hoya Species 3rd Ed. (1996) 83-84. R. D. Kloppenburg. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya kastbergii Kloppenburg Fratema 16/4: 2003, 1-5 Hoya kloppenburgii T. Green. Fraterna 14/2: 2001. 11-16 Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya lacunosa Blume. 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Exkursionsflora von Java 3 (1912) 97. “Flora of Java” S. H. Koorders & A. Schumacher. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch (1921) 506. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 ( 1923). H. Ridley. Candollea 6 (1936) 477. “Plantae Hochreutineranae” B. P. G. Hochreutiner. Blumea 2 (1950) 379. “Notes on the Flora of Java” R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink. Florae Siamensis Enumeratio (1951). W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Flore of Java 2 ( 1965) 269-270. C. A. Backer & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink. Dictionary of the Royal Horticultural Society (1965) 1016. Hortus (1976) 574. Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae, Toms 63 (1977) 481. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 490. R. E, Rintz. Exotic Plant Manuel, A. B. Graf. Exotica (1978) 1631. A. B. Graf. The Hoya Handbook (1992) 75. D. Kloppenburg & A. Wayman. Hortica 4 (1992) 1067. A. B. Graf. The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 89. “ The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya lambii T. Green. Fratema 13/2: 2000, 2-3 Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya lasiantha Blume ex Korthals. Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum 1 (1849) 60. C. L. Blume. Rumphia 4 (1849) 30. Karl L. Blume. Annales Botanices Systematices (1852) 67. G. C. Walpers. Flora von Nederlandsch Indie Bataviae 1 (1856) 526. F. A.W. Miquel. Botanical Magazine (1858) t. 5081. The Gardener’s Chronicle 2 (1882) 333. N. E. Brown. Flower Garden (Revised Edition) 3 (1884) 152. Paxton’s. Dictionary of Gardening (Century Edition) (1901) 430. G. Nicholson. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 75 #2 (1908) 563. King & Gamble. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 85 (1921) 506. H. Ridley. A Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 398-399. H. N. Ridley. Kew Bulletin (1926) 24. Blumea “Notes on the Flora of Java” 6 (1950) 379. R. C. Bakhuizen van der Brink. Flora Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 38. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. 21 Dictionary of the Royal Horticulture Society (1965) 1st. Ed. 1951. Flora of Java 2 (1965) 266. C. A. Backer. Malayan Nature Journal “The Malaysian Species of Hoya" 30 (3/4) (1978) 499- 499 R. E. Rintz. The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 89. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand'' O. Thaithong. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Eamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya latifolia G. Don. General System of Gardening and Botany 4/23 (1837) 127. G. Don. Prodromus Syst. Veg. 8 (1844) 638. (DeCandolle) Decaisne. Flora van Nederlandsch Indie Bataviae 1 (1856) 521. F. A. W. Miquel. The Flora of British India 4 (1883) 57, J. D. Hooker. Transactions of the Finnean Society of London 3 (1888) 321. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 75 (1903) 569. King & Gamble. Exkersionsflora von Java 3 (1912) 102. S. H. Koorders & A. Schumann. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 395. H. Ridley. De Nuttige Planten von Nederlandsch Indie 2 (1927) 1297. K. Heyne Sunyatsenia 3 #2 (1936) 170. Tsiang. Florae Siamensis Enumeratio (1951) 38. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Malayan Wildflowers Dicotyledon's ''Malayan Nature Society" (1974) 229-230 M. R. Henderson. Hortus (1976) 574. Malayan Nature Journal Nature Journal (1978) 508;511. R. E. Rintz. “The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya". In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 89. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand" O. Thaithong. Hoya maingayi Hooker f. Flora of British India 4 (1883) 62. J. D. Hooker. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 ( 1903) 57 1 . King & Gamble. A Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 396. H. N. Ridley. Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951 ). W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Malayan Nature Journal 30 #3/4 ( 1 978) 520. R. E. Rintz. Hoya meridithii Green Fraterna 11/2: 1994, Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Eamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya micrantha Hook, f.; The Flora of British India 4 (1883) 55. J. D. Hooker. Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 38. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 486. “The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya" R. E. Rintz. Hoya Section Acanthostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg (1994) 78-80. R. D. Kloppenburg. The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 90. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. 22 Hoya mitrata Kerr. Tcones Plantarum 35 (1940) 3406. A. F. G. Kerr. Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 39. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. The Gardener’s Bulletin, Singapore 20 (1963) 191. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 498. “The Peninsular Malayan Species of Hoya”, R. E. Rintz. The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 90. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya multiflora Blume. Catalogue Gew. Buitenzorg 49 (1823). C. L. Blume. Bijdagen tot de Flora van Nederlandsche Indie (1825. C. L. Blume. Systema Vegetabilum 1 (1825) 852. Caroli A. Linne. (Sprengel). General System of Gardening and Botany 23 (1838) 127. G. Don. Botanical Register 25 (1838) 18. Lindley. Synopsis Plantarum 6 (1840) 892 Dietrich. Tijdschrift von Naturilijke Geschieden Physiol. 10 (1843) 182. 591. DeCandolle Prodromus System Vegetab. 8 (1844) 634. Decaisne. DeCandolle Prodromus System Vegetab. 8 (1844) 634. Decaisne. Magazine of Botany 6 (....) 89. Paxton's. Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum 1 (1849) 45. C. L. Blume Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum 1 (1849) 46. C. L. Blume Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum 1 (1849) 46. C. L. Blume. Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum 1 (1849) 46. C. L. Blume. Ill Rumphia 4 (1849) 30. C. L. Blume. Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 (1852) 63. G. C. Walpers. Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 (1852) 63. G. C. Walpers. Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 (1852) 63. G. C. Walpers. Tuinbouw Flora 1 (1853) 72. DeVriese. Flora Indiae Bataviae 2 (1856) 515. F. A. W. Miquel. Flora Indiae Bataviae 2 (1857) 514. F. A. W. Miquel. Nataurkunndig Tijdschrift Voor Nederlandsch Indie 25 (1862) 408. J. E. Teijsmann & S. Binnendijk. Flora of British India (1883)52. J.D. Hooker. Dictionary of Gardening ( 1 885). G. Nicholson. Plantas Filipinas (1886) 189. Vidal. Transactions of the Linnean Society’ series 2/3 (1888) 321. H. Ridley. Transactions of the Linnean Society 3 (1888) 494. H. Ridley. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 74/2 (1906) 561. "Flora of the Malayan Peninsula" King & Gamble. Fragmenta Florae Philippineae 1 ( 1904) 131. (J. Perkins) R. Schlechter & O. Warburg. Systematisches Verzeichnis Family 1 (1911). S. H. Koorders & A. Schumacher. Flore General des Indo-Chine. 4 (1912) 128-129. J. Constantin. 23 Flore Generale des Tndo Chine 4 (1912) 138. J. Constantin (H. M. Lecomte). Exkursionsflora (1912) 96-97. S. H. Koorders. Species Blancoanae (1918) 317. "Bureau of Science” E. D. Merrill. Philippine Island Science Publication 18 (1923) 350-351. E. D. Merrill. Flora of the Malay Penn. 2 (1923 ) 398. H. Ridley. Kew Bulletin (1926) 74. Cyclopedia of Horticulture (1930) 1613. L. H. Bailey. Sunyatsenia 1 (1934) 301. Chun. Centrostemma Decaisne. Sunyatsenia 2 (1934) 16, E. D. Merrill & W. Y. Chun "Contributions to our Knowledge of Kwangtung Flora". Sunyatsenia 3 (1936) 168-169. Tsiang. Blumea 6 (1950) 379. "Notes on the Flora of Java" R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink. Florae Siamensis Enumeratio (1951) 39. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Royal Horticulture Society Dictionary of Gardening (1951) 1061. 2nd.Ed 1965. Flora Du Vietnam (1960) 436. Pham-Hoeng H. Q. Flora of Java 2 ( 1 965) 266-267. C. A. Backer. Cay Co Mien Nam Viet Nam 2 (1972) 197. 3190. Annales Fac, Agric, 27 (1974) 341. G. Donna. Malayan Wild Flowers, Dicotyledon's (1974) 229. “Malayan Nature Journal", H. R. Henderson. Malayan Nature Journal 30/4 (1978) 494-495. R. E. Rintz. Exotica 3 (1978). A. G. Graf. A Complete Handbook of Cacti and Succulents. Handbook of Succulent Plants. H. Jacobsen. Kew Magazine 7 (1990) 3-6 D. Goyder. Fhe Asclepiadaceous Works of F. R. R. Schlechter (1992) 31. A. Nicholas. The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening 2 (1992) 597. Tropica 4 (1992) 1020. Hortica 1 (1992) 1067. A. B. Graf. Philippine Hoya Species 3rd Ed. (1996) 106-108. R. D. Kloppenburg. The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 90. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya nabawanensis Kloppenburg & Wiberg. Fraterna 15/2: 2002, 2-6 Hoya nyhuusiae Kloppenburg. Fraterna 16/3: 2003. 1-6 Hoya obtusifolia Wight. Contributions to the Botany of India (1834) 38 R. Wight. General System of Gardening and Botany 4/23 (1837) 127. G. Don. Prodromus Syst. Veg. 8 (1844) 638. DeCandolle’s. Exkursionsflora (1912) 99. S. H. Koorders. Flora of British India 4 (1883) 58. J. D. Hooker. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 394-395. H. Ridley. 24 Flora of the Malayan Peninsula 2 (1903) 564. King & Gamble. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 520-521. R. E. Rintz. Florae Siamensis Enumeratio (1951) 39. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Fhe Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 91. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. Hoya occlusa Ridley Journal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch, Ridley, lxi, 1912:30-31 Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 298. Ridley. Hoya pallida Lindley. Botanical Register 9 (1826) 951. Lindley. System. Vegetabilum (1827) 1 10 (pag.834). Caroli A. Linne. The Botanical Cabinet (1828) 14. Loddiges. Transactions of the Royal Horticultural Society 7 (1830) 23 Synopsis Plantarum (1840) 892. D. N. F. Dietrich. Prodromus 8 (1844) 636. DeCandolle. Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum 1 (1849) 60. C. L. Blume. Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 (1852-1853) 67. G. C. Walpers. A Handbook of Succulent Plants (1924). H. Jacobsen. Complete Handbook of Cacti and Succulent Plants (****). Royal Horticulture Society Dictionary of Gardening (1965) 1016. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 (as H. verticillata) Hoya parasitica Haworth. (A Synonym of Hoya pallida Lindley) Flora of Indica 2 (1834) 36. W. Roxburg. A General System of Gardening and Botany 4 (1837) 126. G. Don. Synopsis Plantarum 6 (1840) 891. D. N. F. Dietrich, leones Plantarum (1843). “Indiae Orientalis” Wight. 587. DeCandolle, Prodromus Syst, Veg, 8 (1844) 637. Decaisne. Tuinbouw Flora 1 (1853) 72. H. W. De Vreise. Handbook of Indian Flora 2 (1866) 242. Robert Wight. The Flora of British India (1883) 372. J. D. Hooker. Dictionary of Gardening (1885). G. Nicholson. Transactions of the Linnean Society 3 (2nd series) (1888) 321. H. Ridley. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula (1903) 572. King &Gamble. Aberdeen University Studies “The Flora of Siam” (????) 134. Dictionary of Gardening ( 1 885). Geo. Nicholson. Dictionary of the Royal Horticulture Society. (1893). Kew Bulletin (1911)418. Flore Generale des Indo Chine 4 (1912) 134-136 J. Constantin. Cyclopedia of Gardening (1913) 1613. L. H. Bailey. Journal of the Federated Malay States 5 (1917) 164. H. Ridley. A Flora of the Andaman Islands 2 (1923) 209. C. E. Parkinson. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 395-396. H. N. Ridley. Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 40-41 W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. 25 Bengal Plants 2 (1963) 5 1 9. Botanical Survey of India D. Prain. Cay-co Mien Nam Viet Nam 2 (1972) 198. Malayan Nature Journal 30 3/4 (1978) 514,517. R. E. Rintz. Malayan Nature Journal 30 3/4 (1978) 514,517. R. E. Rintz. (var. citrina) The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 91 “The Genus Hoya in Thailand'’’ O. Thaithong. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 (as H. verticillata) Hoya parviflora Wight. Contributions to the Botany of India (1834) 37. R. Wight. General System of Gardening and Botany 4 (1837) 126. G. Don. Synopsis Plantarum 6 (1840) 891. Deitrich. DC Prodramus System Veget. 8 (1844) 637 (DeCandolle’s) Decaisne leones Plantarum Indiae Orientalis 4 (1848) 16. Wight. Handbook of the Flora of India 4 (1883) 54. J. D. Hooker. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 27/74 (1908) 576-577 K &G. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 401 . Ridley. Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 41. Craib & Kerr. Malayan Nature Journal 30 #3/4 (1978) 486-488 Rintz. The Taxonomy & Photochemistry of Asclep. in Trop. Asia (1995) 92. Thaithong. Hoya perakensis Ridley. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 57 (1910) 71-72. H. Ridley. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 398. H. Ridley. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 520. R. E. Rintz Hoya phyllura Schwartz. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut fur Allgemeine Botanik in Hamburg 1 (193 1). O. Schwartz. Hoya plicata King &. Gamble. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula 2 (1903) 578. King & Gamble. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 402. H. Ridley. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 22. R. E. Rintz The Hoya Handbook (1992) 86. D. Kloppenburg & A. Wayman. Hoya Section Acanthostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg (1994) 95-97. R. D. Kloppenburg. Hoya polystachya Blume. Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum 1 (1849) 45. C. L. Blume. Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 (1852-53) 66. W. G. Walpers. Flora of Indiae Bataviae 2 (1 857) 522. Zollinger & F. A. W. Miquel. Blumea 6/2 ( 1 950) 380. “Notes on the Flora of Java". R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink. Flora of Java (1965) 271. C. A. Backer. Hoya pusilla Rintz. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 492-493. R. E. Rintz. 26 Hoya recurvula Kloppenburg. Fraterna (International Hoya Association) 13/4: 2000, 9-12. Hoya revoluta Wight. Flora of British India 4 (1883) 55. Wight (J. D. Hooker). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Bengal Branch 74/2 (1903) 578. “Flora of the Malayan Peninsula'’ King & Gamble. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 57 (1910) 71. H. Ridley. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923 ) 401-402. H. Ridley. Malayan Nature Journal 30(3/4) (1978) 489-490. R. E. Rintz. Austrobaileya 3(4) (1992) 638-639. P. I. Forster & D. J. Liddle. Hoya Section Acanthostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg (1994) 106-108. R. D. Kloppenburg. The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 92. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 74 (1903) 575. “Flora of the Malayan Peninsula'’ King & Gamble. Kew Bulletin (1911) 418. A Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 401. H. N. Ridley. Malayan Nature Handbooks, Common Wildflowers (1961) 26-27. M. R. Henderson. Dictionary of the Royal Horticulture Society (1965). Illustrated Guide to Tropical Plants (1969) 667. Hutchinson. Malayan Wild Flowers Dicotyledon's (1974) 229-233. “Malayan Nature Society” M. R. Henderson. Hoya scortechinii King & Gamble. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch. 74/2 (1903) 567 (777). “Flora of The Malay Peninsula” King & Gamble. A Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 400-401. H. N. Ridley. Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 511-512. “The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya" R. E. Rintz. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya sigillatis T. Green. Fraterna 17/3: 2004, 2-4 Hoya sipitangensis Kloppenburg & Wiberg. Fraterna 15/3: 2002, 4-7 Hoya spartioides (Kuntz) Kloppenburg. Fraterna 14/2: 2001, 5-10 Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 27 Hoya walliniana Kloppenburg & Nyhuus. Fraterna 16/4: 2003, 9-13 Hoya waymaniae Kloppenburg. Fraterna, International Hoya Association, 2 (1995) 8-9. R. D. Kloppenburg. Gardenwise, The Hoyas of Sabah, Anthony Lamb. XX:2003, 3-5 Hoya wrayi King & Gamble. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula 74/2 (1903) 579-580. "Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch" King & Gamble. Malayan Nature Journal 30 #3/4 (1978) 484-485. . "The Peninsular Species of Hoya" R. E. Rintz. A special notation on some local names used in the following descriptions has been pointed out for clarification of the reader by Kim F. Yap of Singapore: Ayer = water (usually a body of water), Paya = swamp, Batu = rock/boulder, bukit = hill, kg. = kampong (village), Sg. =- sungei/sungai (river), Tg. = tanjong/tanjung (cape). Burma (now Mayanmar), Maulmyne (old Buramese) = Moulmein (British) & Mawlamye (new Myanmar spelling). Karat should be Korat in Thailand; Koa Siming, I think is Koh Samet. Thailan: Surat is Surat Thani or Sumaatthani, Nakwan Si Thammarat is Nakon Si Thammarat or Nalcirn Sir Thammarat or Nakhon Si/Sir Thammarat, Chonburi is sometimes spelt Cholburi. Explanation: Surat Thani, Nakorn Si Thammarat & Chonburi are Provinces in Thailand. 28 Hoya acicularis T. Green 2002 Type description: Hoya acicularis T. Green & Kloppenburg (Asclepiadoideae) sp. nova, Section Acanthostemma (Bl.) Kloppenburg. Type: Danum Valley, Sabah, Eastern Malaysia; Green No. 93031, (BISH) 1/24/91 from Tenom Orchid Center. Ex hort. Green Plant Research, Kaaawa, Hawaii. Hoya acicularis T. Green & Kloppenburg distante affinis Hoya gigantangensis Kloppenburg, IHA journal Fraterna 4t[l Quarter 1992, sed foliis teretiusculus (non linearis-lanceolatus); pedunculi 1.2 cm. longis vs. 20 cm. dignosculi. Diagnosis: Hoya acicularis T. Green & Kloppenburg, new species is distantly allied to Hoya gigantangensis Kloppenburg, IHA journal Fraterna 4th Quarter 1992 but is distinguished from it by semi-terete leaves (not linear-lanceolate); peduncle 1.3 cm. long versus 20 cm. long. (Both species are in the same section). A tropical, epiphytic, scrambling vine with slender stems and semi-terete, 0.3 cm. x 0.66-1.8 cm., dark green leaves, bifoliate at the node, that may be straight to curved and twisted; petiole curved; peduncle borne at the node and right angle to the pedicels, bearing 1.5 - 2.0 cm. beige flowers, in a pendant, flat umbel; pedicel 1.5 + cm. long, curved. Seed pod not seen. Etymology: From the Fatin - acicularis = needle-like (the shape of the leaf). General growth: The pipe is 1” in diameter. Photo by Ted Green. 29 Culture: Keep in a warm place - no less than 60°F. Plant in a loose, quick draining mix with occasional watering and fertilizing with a balanced fertilizer. Light should be medium to bright but does not seem to flower without bright light. That same bright light may turn the leaves reddish. Because of its rampant growth, it should be provided with a supporting trellis or hanger. The tangled growth with peduncle, tipped up. Photo by Ted Green. Critical measurements: Pedicel: curved +1.5 cm. long, terete, glabrous, smooth. Calyx: 0.40 cm. in diameter (flat), sepals outside granulose, with some scattered hair cells, long narrow triangular, a few cilia, reach the corolla sinus, inside glabrous, ligules present. Sepals 0.17 cm. long base 0.12 cm. 30 Ovaries: bottle shaped, glabrous, pair 0.14 cm. tall base of pair 0.10 cm. Corolla: Outside glabrous, inside pubescent except for apical area, which is glabrous, outer end acute, long. Sinus to sinus 0.20 cm. Sinus to center 0.19 cm. Sinus to apex 0.45 cm., Widest 0.30 cm. Apex to center 0.60 cm., corolla cut well below the middle, flower flattened is 1.20 cm. in diameter. Corona: 5 lobed, glabrous, upright with long bilobes, inner apex spatulate, long and narrow; outer apex obtuse. Top nearly flat with slight keel and finely sulcate, especially the bilobes (longitudinally). Scale does not reach the corolla sinus. Scale, broadly diamond shaped. Collar thick 0.10 cm. tall. Apex to apex 0.24 cm. Apex to center 0.26 cm. Apex to outer end 0.29 cm. Retinaculum to ret. 0.19 cm. Ret. to center 0.10 cm. Ret. to aw. 0.12 cm. Anther wing to aw. 0.16 cm. Pollinarium: Unique! Pollinia 0.74 mm. long; nearly uniform in width 0.19 mm. bottom and top rounded evenly . Pellucid edge clean and distinct. Vacuole clear, widest at the base. Translators 0.22 mm. long, clavate shaped, extends well beyond the edge of the pollinia, widest at outer apex 0.09 mm. wide; attached well down near the hip of the retinaculum. Caudicles clear, vortex shaped, pollinia in funnel end, top 0.07 mm. wide; 0.09 mm. long to a point near rectinacular attachment. Bulb diameter about 0. 15 mm. Retinaculum 0.15 nun. long including extensions, head rounded with slight shoulder there 0.05 mm. wide, waist ca. 0.03 mm. wide; hips 0.05 mm wide, center grooved. Extensions, ca. 0.02 nun. long. Photomicrographs of flowers sent by Ted Green: 31 Calyx side view enlarged about 8X. Sepals are long, outside hirsute. Top view of the calyx enlarged 8X. There are a few hair cells along the edge but I would not call this one ciliate; there are ligules present. Ovaries are bottle shaped. Top view of the corona and corolla enlarged about 8X. Scale size is broadly diamond shaped with broad bilobed extensions. The inner coronal lobe is spatulate, outer broadly acute. The scales exceed the corolla sinus. Corolla inside is densely pubescent except for the apex which is glabrous, Outside glabrous. Skewed bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X showing the sulcate flat bottomed bilobes forming a groove below clear to the thickened (dark red) hirsute column. View of the corona enlarged about 16X showing the longitudinal sulcation of the coronal bilobes curving around the blunt outer apex of the lobe and meeting at the end. The bilobes begin well up the side of the scale. The anther slot curves to the under side of the scale. The dorsal portion of the scale has a slight keel down the center. 32 Pollinarium enlarged about 165X. This is a beautiful pollinarium with long slender pollinia, very large well developed translators and clear distinctive caudicle, a very slim retinaculum.. All in all this species has a distinctive foliage and could easily be segregated from other Section Acanthostemma species hoyas by its distinctive pollinarium. The photo here is a composite of two photos. Pollinium length 0.67 mm. widest 0.19 mm. Retinaculum length 0.15 mm. shoulders 0.045 mm. hip 0.03 mm. waist 0.04 mm. extensions 0.04 mm. Translator length 0.23 mm. depth widest 0.04 mm. Caudicle bulb diameter 0.05 mm. 33 Hoya acuta Haworth 1821 Notation 2007, species misidentified in the past and most likely not found in Malaysia. The species so widespread and prominent in Malaysia is I feel Hoya ridleyi King and Gamble. Type description: In Revisions Palntarum Succulentarum (1821) 4. A, H. Haworth. Hoya acuta Haworth, acuta. 1. Hoya, Brown in Hort. kew. & c. H. (acute leaved) foliis ovato- lanceolatis, acuminatis. Habitat... Simillima Hoyae carnosae , at foliis minoribus magisque acuminatis. Vidi crescentem sine floribus in regio horto Kewense, A. D. 1819. Translation: Hoya (acute leaved) leaves ovate lanceolate acuminate. Habitat similar to Hoya carnosa , but leaves much smaller and acuminate. Growing without flowers in the region of the Kew gardens in 1819. Note: no type listed and no illustration. NOTES ON HOYA. By. James Britten, F. L. S. The following notes were made during a revision of the genus Hoya as -represented in the National Herbarium, and may be worth placing on record. They show, what by this time, should need no demonstration, that those engaged in colonial floras or other systematic work would find it to the interests of science and to their own advantage to consult the material preserved in the British Museum. Hoya acuta Haworth This plant stands in the INDEX KEWENSIS and in the FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA as H. parasitica Wall.; but the synonymy given by James Traill (who first pub- lished Wallich's name, under which he had sent the plant to Kew, in his important paper on the genus in TRANS. HORT. SOC. vii, 16-30 (1827)) * makes it evident that Haworth's name must stand, unless the permanence of the first specific name be maintained. Traill's synonymy, to which I have added dates, runs thus:- H. acuta, Haworth, Rev. Plant. Succ. P. 4 (1921). H. lanceolata, Lindley in Don's Cat, edit, ii p.92 (1826) H. pallida, Lindley in Bot. Reg. vil. 11, fobs 951 (Feb. 1826). IT, albens ? John Mislewr's Bristol Cat. 1826. Traill's note upon these names, which it seems hardly necessary to reproduce, makes it clear that Haworth's name was given to the actual plant sent by Wallich. Mr. Jackson cites John Miller's name as "albens Millerssex Steud. Norn. ed. ii, 177(777)" (1841), but it should stand as above, on Traill's authority, and dates from 1826. 34 This paper is cited as of 1830 in Index Kewensis, but the part of the volume which contains it was published in 1827. From Journal of Botany, British & Foreign, Vol. 36, page 413, 414, 418 (1898) Compiler’s note (Chris Burton) .... James Britten erred in saying that the part of the volume which contains this information was published in 1827. It was part of a paper read to the society by James Traill and it dated from November of 1826, not 1827, as Britten states. Note: See an in depth presentation of all material pertaining to this species at the back of this book ( near the end). 35 Hoya callistophylla T. Green 2000 Type description: In Fraterna 13/4 2000:2-3 Ted Green. HOYA CALLISTOPHYLLA, Green sp. nov. (Asclepiadaceae) Affinis speciei Hoyae finlaysonii, Wight sed differns foliis habentibus venas ornatas atque coronis stamineis lobis triangularibus et elevatis ad exteriores apices. Related to Hoya finlaysonii, Wight, but differing in the ornately veined leaves and coronal lobes being triangular and raised at the outer tip. Holotype: Bishop Museum, Ted Green No. 201 ex hort. Ted Green of Kaaawa, Hawaii. From Nabawan, Sabah, Eastern Malaysia, SBG 85 1 980IBJ 84304. A strong, tropical vine, rooting along the stems; leaves opposite, elliptic to lanceolate with attenuate tips, cuneate bases, prominent, pinnate, dark green venation, substance heavy and hard, with a matte surface; persistent peduncles bear hemispheric umbels of 20-40, yellow with reddish-brown tipped, 1cm in diameter flowers. Follicles not seen. Sap, milky white. Fragrance pleasant. Flowers stay open for only one day - during daylight hours.. Leaf blade: Elliptic to lanceolate, 10-20cm long x 6-10cm wide x 1 mm thick, matte surface, light green with dark green veins, lateral veins approx. 60° to midvein; edge hard, irregular and sharp. Leaf venation: Pinnate Petiole: 5mm diameter x 10 -15mm long, rough surfaced, tan . Peduncle: 3mm diameter x 2cm long, at first flowering, greenish-tan. Pedicel: 1 mm in diameter x .5-2cm long, green. Sepal: 1 mm x 2mm, obtuse, outer surface papillose, yellow spotted red. Corolla:. 1 cm in diameter, flat to reflexed, glabrous, yellow with reddish-red tips. Corona: 5mm in diameter, triangular outer lobe, slightly raised across top and tip upward turned, white Conservation: This plant has been distributed to collectors world-wide and is not in danger of extermination. In the wild it has been found in several locations, other than Nabawan, that are out of the way of development. Ted Green Green: Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii 36 — — Hoya callistophylla Green The photos taken by the author, Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii USA 37 THE SABAH BEAUTY HOYA - HOYA CALLISTOPHYLLA Green In the central area of Sabah, Eastern Malaysia, about 45 miles east of Keningau, is Nabawan. Nabawan has been known for its logging operation in the past but the more important thing is that it is the location of Tony Lamb's " Enchanted Forest" - near the old airstrip. This is one of those open rainforests, of sandy podsolic soil, with 60 ft. trees overhead and small 15-20 ft. sapling under-trees. Litter and mosses cover the ground. It is quite level with some standing water - which really raises the humidity. In the open, sunny places there are beautiful Pitcher Plants (Nepenthes) and terrestrial orchids (Bromheadia), ferns and mosses. On the ground and in the shade are Coelogyne orchids (believe it or not, but the long, flower stems are lying on the forest litter), mosses; and, in the saplings and bushes are Floyas, Dischidias and scrambling Nepenthes. This "Heath forest" is an enchanted place for to stroll here is nothing like collecting in the dark forests. It is fresh and park-like. On one of those sapling trees in this forest Ben Wallace and Tony Lamb discovered a handsomely leafed Hoy a - a vine about 3 feet long, with umbels of %2", yellow and reddish-brown tipped flowers. By later growth, it was shown that the 3 ft. vine was very young for it can get to be 5 times that size. As usual with all wild plants, this Hoya did not have a label on it and for the past 15 years I have searched herbaria to see what it might be. No luck, so that this plant should have a fitting name and because of its beautiful leaves, I would like to name this plant Hoya callistophylla, from the Greek, kalisto = most beautiful and phyllum =leaf. 38 Official Bulletin For The Oct-Dee. Volume 13 #4 INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION 2000 H«ya mllistujih\ (hi Green Phu I ii by Ted Green 39 Hoya campanulata Blume 1826 Type Description: In Bijdagen tot de Flora van Nederlandsche Inde (1825) 1064. C. L. Blume. Hoya campanulata Bl. H: caule fruticoso scandente, foliis coriaceis sub-veniis oblongis acuminatis glabris, corolla campanulata glabra. Crescit : enin praecedente Floret : toto anno Nomen: Tjunkankan. ***** Corolla quinquipartita, plana aut reflexa; carnosae foliolis angulo exteriori emarginatis (Acanthostemma Bl.) Translation: Hoya: a bushy climbing stalk, leaves leathery almost veinless oblong, acuminate glabrous, corolla campanulate glabrous. Living: with the preceding Flowers: the whole year Name: Tjunkankan ***** Corolla 5 parted, flat or reflexed, leaflets of the corona exterior angle emarginate (Acanthostemma Blume) Editors note: Blume’s term “emarginatis” immediately above means, with a notch at the end. The notch in the outer apex of a coronal lobe usually due to narrow side lobes meeting at this apex end. 1 have defined this as a variation of the Section Acanthostemma, namely subsection Angusticarinata. There are actually a large number of hoya species with varying degrees of prominence with this characteristic. It appears to me with further development these side lobes, in other species, extend to what we recognize as bi-lobes and of the typical Section Acanthostemma species ( Hoyci bilobata Schlechter). Blume does not mention a type. Here he makes a reference to the Genus Acanthostemma which finally in Rumphia 19848:29-30 he defined in Latin. In Curtis Bot. Mag. 1850 “Blume says Corolla campanulate. angulato-5-plicate, coronae foliolis angulo exteriori adscendentibus integerrimis”. Blume when he intends a Section placed the word before the section or the § insignia, here he is referring to a Genus Acanthostemma and I can not find the quotation attributed to Blume in Curtis Bot. Mag.. Other Literature: In A General System of Gardening and Botany 23 (1838) 127. G. Don. 28. H. campanulata (Blum, bijdr. p. 1064.) stem shrubby, climbing; leaves coriaceous, almost veinless, oblong, acuminated, glabrous; corolla campanulate, glabrous. Woody perennial shrub. Native to Java, with the preceding (multiflora). Campanulate-flowered Hoya. FI. Year. Shrub. Tw. 40 In Synopsis Plantarum 6 (1840) 892. D. N. F. Dietrich. 24. Hoya campanulata Blume; caule fruticoso scandente; fol. coriaceis subaveniis oblongis acuminatis glabris, cor. campanulata glabra, In Java. Woody. Translation: A bushy climbing shrub, leaves leathery, almost veinless oblong acuminate glabrous, corolla campanulate glabrous. In Java. Woody. In Tijdschrift von Natur, Geschieden Physiol. 10 (1843) 125. Hoev & De Vriese. 592. 1. Cystidianthus campanulatus Hsskl. (hoya Bl. Bijdr. 1064. Codonanthus Hsskl. msr. olim. nee. Don.) Aroy tjung. Kang. Woody. Translation: Codonanthus Hsskl. manuscript, formerly, not of Don. In DeCandolle, Prodramus Syst. Veg. 8 (1844) 633. Decaisne. Physostelma Wight Contr. to bot. of Ind. p. 39, Endl. gen. n. 3503. Calyx 5 partitus. Corolla rotata, patens, repande 5-dentata. Corona staminae phylla, foliolis inflatis, antheris oppositis. Antherae membrana terminatae. Filamenta e basi ad apicem bipartita, cruribus cum crure segmenti utrinque proximi acute coalitis, filamenta 5 antheris coronaeque ...fobs alternantia corpusculis stigmatis opposita efformantibus. Massae pollinis basi affixae, erectae, subcylindraceae. Stigma depressum, - Frutex volubiles indiciv. javanici. Folia opposita carnosa; umbellae laterales muscule pedunculatae, pauciflorae, flores magni. 1. P. wallichii (Wight 1. c. p. 40), volubilis, folds ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis carnosis Wall cat. asclep. n. 130 (absque nom.). - Singapore Wall. 2. H. ? campanulata, volubilis foliis oblongis acuminatis coriaceis subaveniis desiccatione reticulato-venosis). woody perennial in Insula Java; javanice Tjunkankan, Hoya campanulata corollae et coronae congruit sed differt pollinis mass. (v. s. h. Mus, par.). Translation: calyx 5 parted. Corolla rotate, outspread 5 -toothed. Stamineous corona 5- leaved, leaves inflated, anthers opposite. With the anthers terminated by a membrane. Filaments from base to tip two parted, segments on both sides closely fused each alternate part bearing an anther, filaments of 5 anthers alternating with the leaflets of the corona opposite the body of the stigmas. Pollen masses basely fixed erect nearly cylindrical. Stigma depressed. A twining shrub from Java, Leaves opposite fleshy; umbels lateral on longish peduncles, few flowered; flowers large. 1. Phystostema Wallichii (Wight as above page 40) twining, leaves ovate- lanceolate acuminate, fleshy Wall cat asclepiadaceae #130 (without name). - Singapore Wallich. 2. H. ? campanulata, twining, leaves oblong acuminate leathery nearly veinless, desiccated, reticulately veined. A climbing shrub on the island of Java, Javan name Tjunkankan. Hoya campanulata Blume (I have seen, bijdr. p 1064. Rightly belonging in this genera? Characteristics with the same corolla and corona but different pollen masses. (1 have seen it at the Paris Museum). 41 In Botanical Register 33 (1847) 19, t. 54. J. Lindley. Hoya campanulata. Bell- flowered Hoya. Pentandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Asclepiadaceae. (Asclepiads, Vegetable Kingdom, p.623.) Hoya, R. Br. - Calyx quinquepartius. Corolla rotata, quinquefida. Corona staminea pentaphylla, foliolis depressis, carnosis, angulo interiore indentum antherae incumbentem producto. Antherae appendice membranous terminatae. Pollinia basi affixa, conniventia, compressa. Stigma muticum v. subapiculatum. Folliculi laeves. Semina plurima, ad umbelicum comosa - Suffrutices in Asia et Nova-Hollandia tropica indigeni, volubiles v. decumbentes, saepe radicantes; foliis oppositis, carnosis v. membranaceis, umbellis interpetio lari bus. - Endl. Gen. 3501. § H. Leaves coriaceous, transversely veined, green. - Decaisne. H. campanulata ; volubilis glabra, foliis ovalibus, acuminatis breviter petiolatis, pedunculis petiolis longioribus, umbella multiflora, corolla campanulata 5- dentata. Hoya campanulata, Blume Bijdragen, p. 1061. Physostelma ? campamilatum , Decaisne in DeCand. prodr. 8, 633. This very curious plant is a native of Java where it was found by Dr. Blume, who describes it as an inhabitant of mountain thickets on the west of the island: it is called by the natives Tjunkankan, and flowers all year round. Its introduction is due to Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter, to whom it was sent by Mr. Thomas Lobb, and from whom we received the specimen now represented in April, 1846. Its habit is altogether that of a thin leaved Hoya, but its peculiarly formed corolla gives it a different appearance. On this account M. Decaisne removes it to the genus Physostelma, but as he does so doubtfully, and as it wants the bladdery coronet which is proper to that genus, giving it its name, it does not seem desirable that the current nomenclature should be disturbed. It requires the same treatment as Hoya carnosa. Translation: Hoya Robert Brown. Calyx five parted, Corolla rotate, of five parts. Staminal corona five leaved, leaved depressed, flashy, interior angle toothed produced over the anther. Terminal appendage of the anther membranaceous. Pollinia fixed at the base, converging, compressed. Stigma blunt or almost apiculate. Follicles smooth. Seeds plumed with a comose umbelicum. Slightly woody twiner or creeper, often rooting, indigenous in Asia and New Hollandia; leaves opposite, fleshy or membranaceous, umbels in the petioles, multiflowered. - Endl gen. 3501. Section Hoya. Leaves leathery, transversely veined, green. - Decaisne. Hoya campanulata ; twining glabrous, leaves oval acuminate briefly petiolate, peduncles as long as the petioles, umbels many flowered, corolla campanulate 5 toothed. 42 Photo of the painting in the above publication at the UC Herbarium Library, 1976. This shows the outer coronal lobes slightly raised and running up the side of the corolla and even the outer lobe appears to be reflexed. I would say this may be a prerogative of the artist, attempting to show an apex that curves back (at least in the Botanical magazine drawing). Our plant does not seem to show this characteristic. In Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum 1 (1849) 57. C. L. Blume. Cystidianthus Hassk. Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla subcampanulata, repande- quinquedependata, primo patens, dein reflexa. Corona staminea pentaphylla, gynostegio abbreviato conata; foliolis carnosis, patentibus, compressis, marginibus subtus revolutis, angulo exteriore assurgente, interiore in dentum antherae incumbentem productis. Antherae membrana stigmati appressa terminatae. Pollinia basi affixa, erecta, oblonga, compressa, hinc pellucido-marginata. Stigma convexum, pentagonum, muticum. Folliculi abortu solitarii, elongati, cylindracei, leaves. Semina carnosa. - Frutices Archipelagi Indici, facie Centrostemmatis. 140. Cystidianthus campanulatus Hassk.: foliis oblongis acuminatis basi obtusis v. acutisculis coriaceis subvenosis; floribus majusculis. Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bog. p.126. et in Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. (1834) X p.125. - Physostelma ? campanulata Decaisne in De Cand. Prodr. Sys. Veg. VIII. p. 633. 2. - Hoya campanulata Bl. Bijdr. Flor Ned. Ind. p. 1064. - Aroy Tjunkankan Sundaice. - In sylvis montanis Archipelagi Indici. Translation: Calyx five parted, Corolla almost campanulate, unevenly five toothed, distinctly spreading, then reflexed. Staminal corona five leaved, gynostegium abbreviated fused; leaves fleshy, spreading, compressed, margines somewhat revolute, exterior angle rising upward, interior toothed laying upon the anthers. Terminal membrane of the anthers appressed to the stigma. Pollinia affixed at the base, erect, oblong, compressed, with a pellucid margine. Stigma convex, five sided, blunt. Seed pods because of abortion solitary, elongate, cylindrical smooth. Seeds comose. A shrub of the Indian Archipelago, appearing as a Centrostemma. 43 140. Cystidianthus campanulatus , Hasskarl: leaves oblong acuminate with the base obtuse or somewhat acute, leathery almost veinless; flowers large. Hasskarl Catalog Horticulture Bogor 126 and in Tijdschrift von Natur. Geschieden 10 (1843) 125. - Physostelma ? campanulata Decaisne in De Candolle Prodromus Syst. Veg. 8 (1844) 633. 2. - Hoya campanulata Bl. Bijdagen tot de Flora van Nederlandsche Inde (1826) 1064. In Sunda Aroy Tjunkankan. - In the mountains of the Indian Archipelago. In Magazine of Botany 13 (1849) 237. Paxton. Hoya campanulata. This is a somewhat slender-branched climber, differing much from its congeners in having larger flowers and not at all fleshy leaves; the later are rather distinct, opposite, ovate- acuminate, and dark green. The flowers grow from axles of the leaves, on slender peduncles, in considerable quantities, have a corolla more than half an inch in diameter, bell-shaped, shining, wax-like, greenish-yellow, or cream colorued. The specimen under notice, sent from Messers. Veitch, to the October meeting of the Horticultural Society in Regent Street, was not large, and did not evidence a free flowering disposition; but that is not much criterion of what the species, which has been recently introduced by Messers. Veitch, may do when it has been longer under the influence of cultivation. It is an interesting plant. In Curtis's Botanical Magazine (1850) 4545. Nat. Ord. Asclepiadaceae. - Pentandria Digynia. Gen. Char, (vide supra , Min. 4397.) Hoya campanulata; volubilis, glabra, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongis acutis subcoriaceis penninerviis, pedunculis petiolo longioribus, umbella multiflora, corolla late campanulata 5-lobata lobis brevissimis obtusissimis. Hoya campanulata. Blume, Bijdr. p. 1064. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1847, t. 54. Physostelma ? campanulata. Decaisne, in De Cand. Prodr. v. S. p. 632. Walp. Repert. Bot. p.493. Cystidianthus campanulatus. Harsk. Cat. PI. in Hort. Bot. Bogor. p. 126.. A very remarkable stove-plant, native of copses in the mountainous districts of Java, detected by Blume, and imported into England by Messrs. Veitch and Sons (to whom we are indebted for living plants) through the medium of their collector, - Mr. Thomas Lobb. We agree with Dr. Tindley that, remarkable as is the form of the corolla, there is nothing to justify it, separation from Hoya; and it does not accord with Physostelma of Dr. Wight, to which Professor Decaisne has doubtfully referred it. If distinct from Hoya, it should bear Harskifs name above quoted. * Blume makes a section of it: "Corolla campanulata, angulato-5-plicata, coronae foliolis angulo exteriori adscendentibus integerrimis.,’ It bears its curious, somewhat waxy and pale buff coloured flowers in August. Descr. A long stemmed twining shrub, with slender, branches. Teaves opposite, oval-oblong, acuminate, scarcely coriaceous, penninerved. Petiole nearly half an inch long. Peduncle slender, drooping, as is the large capitate umbel. Pedicels very slender. Calyx, small, of five lanceolate sepals. Corolla large, an inch and a quarter to a half in diameter, between membranaceous and fleshy, somewhat waxy, buff-coloured, broadly and shallow-campanulate, plicate, the margin cut into five, broad, obtuse, very short lobes. Lobes of the staminal crown acuminate, slightly ascending W. J. H. 44 Cult. A climbing plant, which, as regards its habit, may be considered a thin- leaved Hoya. Being a native of Java, it requires to be kept in a warm and moist stove. A mixture of light loam and peat will suit it, and during its season of rest care must be taken that it is not saturated with water. Its pendulous umbels of flowers are shown most to advantage, by training the plant up a rafter, or something similar, in a nearly horizontal direction. It is easily propagated by cuttings. J. S. Translation: twining, glabrous, leaves shortly petiolate oblong acute somewhat leathery penninerved, peduncles as long as the petioles, umbels multiflowered, corolla broadly campanulate 5-lobed, lobes very short very obtuse. * No reference as to where or when this was written. I can not find this quotation anywhere. What Blume did write was “Corolla quinquiparta, plana aut reflexa: coronae foliolis angulo exteriori emarginatis (Acanthostemma Bl.)” as such a Genera reference. Blume it seems could not determine if many of his species should be in individual Genera of if they should be under the Genus Hoya. In 1849 He was still undecided, it seems, as he was referring to Cystianthus Hassk. & under this Genera Physostelma ? and as a Hoya. Photo of the painting in the above publication at the UC Herbarium Library, 1976. This shows the outer coronal lobes slightly raised and running up the side of the corolla, the ends a little apiculate. 45 This is a Photocopy of the picture (4545) from the Botanical Magazine 1850 which shows the details of the coronal drawing better then my 1976 photo. As a drawing it is difficult to tell of the outer coronal lobes here are “emarginate”. In the flower drawings the outer coronal lobes are acute yet in the coronal detailed drawing they are rounded. Drawings often miss fine essential details and so are of limited value. 46 In The Cottage Gardener 7 (1851) 209. New Plants. Their Portraits and Biographies. The Bell-flowered Hoya (Hoya campanulata). - Botanical Magazine, t. 4545. - The genus hoya was named by Brown, some eight and forty years ago, in honour of Mr. Hoy, F.T.S., then gardener to his Grace the duke of Northumberland at Scion House; and campanulata, or bell-shaped, alludes to the conformation of the flower of this species, which was first exhibited two or three years ago by the spirited firm of Veitch and Sons, of Exeter. We have seen the new Hoyas, such as bella, campanulata, and imperialis, which the younger Tow found in Borneo, and notwithstanding all that Mr. Appleby has said representing their different merits when highly cultivated, we must give the palm of preference to the elder plant on which the genus was founded - Hoya carnosa - “the honey plant” of our boyish days; and those who have seen it treated as in the days of yore, we are much inclined to think, will be of our opinion. The Hoya carnosa , with its thick ivory like flowers, from each of which a dew-drop of the purest nectar - said to be the wine of the heathen gods - hung of a morning, would look down on the subject of our present biography with that kind of feeling which “The Authoress of My Flowers” so touchingly dwelt upon the other day, with respect to the unsuitable flimsy dresses of the present day as composed with the red cloaks and hoods of the last century; and well it may! The flowers of this Hoya campanulata partake much of the thin flimsiness aforesaid, without the gaudiness of colour which, in our day, country girls consider the main evidence of genteel dress. These flowers are neither snow-white, nor milk- white, nor paper- white, nor even whitish. Yet, after all, they plant has great merit in sweetness of the flowers. As to the flowers of the Hoya imperialis , when we lest saw them they were too elevated for us to get so near them as to find out whether they were perfumed or otherwise, and we forgot if Mr. Appleby said anything on We should be very much at home if Mr. A.B., or F., or, indeed any of our weekly instructors, were to give a chapter on the old hoya and its garden varieties - if they are really so, Pottsii and trinervis, as, before we can give a final verdict, we should much like to see them and the imperialis grown side by side under similar circumstances. The Hoya campanulata is a stove twiner, found wild in the mountain copses of Java. Feaves, rather leathery, longish oval, and pointed. Flowers on slender drooping stalk, and in a globe form bunch, like the Gneldre rose; calyx, five segmented; corolla, alone an inch and a quarter in diameter, slightly waxy, more like a broad shallow cup than a bell, buff coloured, and its edge cut into five broad lobes, with a point in the center. They are best seen when the plant is trained along a rafter. It is propagated like Hoya bella , as described at p.50 of the present volume. NKLV :n T-rri-^ ^ >, m muc. 0 hi'i. i > ■ 47 The natural Order of which the Hoya is a member, is Asclepidiadis. The characteristics of which is that the pollen bags or anthers are, with the stigmata, glued into a consolidated mass. The nearest alliance to it of which gardeners have much knowledge is Ceropegia, a dingy flowered climber, belonging to what we are called succulents. Hoya belongs to 5-Pentandra 2 Digynia of Linnaeus. In Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 (1852-1853) 63. G. C. Walpers. 125. Physostelma Wight (nec Physostemma DC. Prodr. 8. 640).(Dcne in DC Prod. 8. 633. - Wlprs. 1. c. #1 Bepert. 6, 493.) 1. * Ph. campanulata Dcen. 1. c. #2. - Walprs. l.c. #1. - Hook. Bot. Magz. tab, 4515. Note: The tab number is incorrect in the above line, it is tab, 4545. In Tuinbouw Flora 1 (1853) 72. DeVriese. 16. Cystidianthus campanulatus Hassk. De klokvormige Hoya is almede eene der schoonste Asclepiadeen van het eiland Java. Blume, Lindley en Hooker hielden deze plant vroeger voor eene Hoya (zie Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned Indie p. 1064. Lindley. Bot. Reg. t. 54. 1847. Bot. mag. *t. 5545. FI. des serr. 1851. 281. De Heer Hasskarl bragt ze tot een nieuw geslacht, twelk hij onder den naam Cystidianthus heeft beschreven (Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. 1843. X. p. 125, em Cat. Hort. Bogor. p. 126. Dit woord beteekent in zijne zamenstelling: een klein blaasje. Inderdaad is er zoo veel verschil in den vorm der bloomen, met dien der ware Hoya's, dat daardoor de afscheiding genoeg wort geregtvaardigd. De bloem is bleekgeel, in’t isabellenkleurige overgaande. De bladen zijn dunner dan die van andere planten uit het geslacht der Hoya’s. Zij groeit in de bosschen van Java, en de Javanen noemen liaar Aroy tjoenkangkan. Zij bloeide’t eerst bij Veitch, in England, aldaar ingevoerd door Thomas Lobb. Translation: The round formed Hoya is admittedly one of the cleanest Asclepiadeen from the island of Java. Blume, Lindley and Hooker held these plant earlier for one Hoya (from Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned Indie p. 1064.Lindley. Bot. Reg. t. 54. 1847. Bot. Mag. t. 5545. Fl. von serr. 1851. 281.). The Gentleman Hasskarl designated it as a new gender, with doubt has described it under the name Cystidianthus (Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. 1843. X. p. 125, as Cat. Hort. Bogor. p.126.). This word signifies in same as possessing a little vesicle. Indeed there is too many difference in the shape of the bloom, with that of the real Hoya's, that thereby the secession becomes enough vessels generated. The flower is pale yellow, with an over-lay of rose-purple. The leaves are thinner than those from other plants in the other species of the Hoya's. They grow in the bushes in Java, and the Javan name is Aroy tjoenkangkan. They were brought first by Veitch, in England, there imported by Thomas Lobb. * This is evidently a misprint and should be t. 4545. Note: flower colors different than previous. 48 In Flora Indiae Batavae 2 (1856) 513. Miquel. 1. Physostelma Wallichii Wight Contr. p.39. Decaisne l.c. p. 633. Frutex volubilis, folia carnosa ovato-lanceolata acuminata, umbellae laterales pauciflorae. - Singapore (Wallich). Translation: Twining shrub, leaves fleshy ovate-lanceolate acuminate, umbels lateral, few flowered. In Flora Indiae Batavae 2 (1856) 515-516. Miquel. 1. Cystidianthus campanulatus Hassk. Folia e basi rotundata obtusa vel subacuta oblonga acuminata, coriacea, subvenosa, 5-4 poll, longa, flores majusculi. Cystidianthus campanulatus ITassk. Cat. bog. p. 126. Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. X. p. 125. Flora bot. Zeit 1815, p. 250. Bl. Mus. bot. I. p. 57. Van Houtt. FI. des Sen*. VI. tab. 623. Lindl. Bot. Reg. tab. 54. Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 4545. - Physostelma ? campanulata Decaisne in D.C. Prod. VIII p. 633. Hoya campanulata Bl. Bijdr. p. 1064. - Codonanthus Hassk, mss., non Meisn. nec. Don. Sunda-eilanden, Java. Sumatra, enz in de wouden. - Aroi tjoenkahan of A. tjoenkangan sund. Note: References not in chronological order. Translation: Leaves round at the base, obtuse or almost acute oblong, acuminate, fleshy almost veinless 5-4 inches long, flowers large. With citations and locations. In The Garden (1880) 354. Z. B. H. campanulata is quite distinct from any species in cultivation; it has thin leaves and branches, and the corolla instead of being reflexed, as in most species, is quite bell shaped (whence the name), the whole flower being a delicate cream colour, and produced in umbels, each composed of from ten to fourteen flowers. In Dictionary of Gardening 2 (1884) 155. George Nicholson, Hoya campanulata See Physostelma wallichii. Under this heading: Physostelma wallichii (syn. Hoya campanulata) flower green-yellow. Corolla campanulate, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, almost veinless, oblong, acuminate; when dry, reticulately veined. May 1845. syn. Hoya campanulata. BM 4545, BR 54, 2847. In the Dictionary of Gardening (1885) London, G. Nicholson. Physostelma wallichii (syn. Hoya campanulata) flower yellow-green. Corolla campanulate, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, almost veinless, oblong, acuminate: when dry, reticulately veined. May 1945 syn Hoya campanulata. BM 4545 Br. 54, 1847. In Linnean Soc. Of London Translations (1888-94) CXXIV (3503) Physostelma Wight (Dene, in DC. Prod. VIII. 633)- 1. Ph. Campanulata Decne. L. c. no. 2-Walprs. — Cystianthus campanulatus Hsskrl. Catal. PI. hort. Bogor, 128. - Hoya campanulata Blume, Bijdragen 1061. In Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4(2) (1895) 289. Engler & Prantl., K. Schumann. 167 Physostelma Wight. Kelchb. klein, oblong, spitz, mit Einzeldriisen 49 wechselnd. Blkr. glockenformig, sehr kutz gelappt, zipfel von der Mitte kurz zugespitzt. klappig deckend. Coronazipfel an der sehr kurzen Gynostegiumrohre befestigt, strahlend, dick, etwas nach oben gebogen, ruchseits gefurcht, vor den Stb. in einen Zahn endend. Narbenkopf flach. Follikel dttnn, glatt, zugespitzt, P. campanulata (Bl.) Dene, ist ein kahler, windender Strauch mit mehr lederartigen, als fleischigen B. und schonen, gelben, in gestielte, einachselige Dolden verbundenen Bl.; . bei Singapore, vielleicht auch auf Java. Translation; In the Naturlichen plant-families 4(2) (1895) 289. Engler & Prantl., K. Schumann. 167 Physostelma Wight. Calyx small, oblong, pointed, with one side changed. Corolla bell-shaped, very much kutz overlapped, corners of the middle shortly shaipened. Provided with a covering. Corona leaflets very much shorter with the Gynostegium showing, thickly, gradually bent upward, furrowed beneath, before the end finish into a tooth, back flat. Follicles thinly, smoothly, sharpened. P. campanulata (Bl.) Dene. A glabrous, winding shaib with more leathery, also fleshy leaves and beautiful, yellow, with petiolate, most beautiful interconnected flower umbels;, from Singapore, maybe also on Java. In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 74/2 (1903) 561;578-579. “Flora of the Malayan Peninsula"’ King & Gamble. 22. Hoya campanulata, Blume Bijdr. 1064 (1925). A small twining shrub; branchlets pale brown and shining when dry, the bark scaling off. Leaves fleshy and bright-green when fresh, coriaceous when dry; elliptic-oblong, acuminate at apex, cuneate or attenuate, sometimes rounded at base; both surfaces glabrous, more or less shining, pale when dry; margins recurved; 2.5 to 6.5 in long, 1 to 2.5 in broad; midrib stout, raised below, impressed above when dry; with rounded gland at the base above petiole; main nerves 6-7 pairs, straight to meet, often at scarcely more than half-way to the edge, a prominent (when dry) looped intermarginal nerve; secondary nerves few, similar; reticulations many, irregular, prominent, and raised above when dry; petiole .25 in. long, the bracteate portion .25 to .5 in. long; pedicels very slender, 1 to 1.25 in. long; buds globose, depressed; flowers cream-coloured. Calyx lobes membranaceous, hyaline, subulate. Corolla glabrous, about 1 to 1.5 in. broad or broader; lobes ciliate, boat shaped, .6 in long; scales very short, apiculate. Corona of 5 processes; lower lobes of spreading spurs .15 to .2 in. long, smooth, shining, horny when dry; upper lobes somewhat similar, erect. Follicles straight, cylindrical, 6 to 8 in long, .2 in broad; pericarp smooth, green with white stripes when fresh. Seeds oblong, obspathulate, .3 in. long, . 1 in broad, with a short wing at the base, the tip truncate with a white silky coma, 1 to 1.5 in. long; testa very thin, smooth; cotyledons oblong, 1.5 in long; radicle cylindric, .1 in long. Wall Cat. 8171; Dene, in DC Prodr. VIII. 633; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II 513; Hook, f. FI. Br. Ind. IV. 62. H. campanulata Blume Bijdr. 1064; Lindl. Bot. Reg. (1874) t. 54; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4545. Cystidianthus campanulatus, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bog. 126; Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd-Bat, I 57; Miq. 1. c. 515. Physostelma Wallichii, Wight Contrib. 40; Wal. Cat. 8171; Dene, in DC L c. : Miq. l.c. 5*13; hook f. FI. Br. Ind. TV. 62. P. ? campanulata , Dene. 1. c. Perak: at Relan Tujor, Wray 1841, 3139, 4041, 4024; Scortechini 171, 336; at Bujong Malacca, Ridley 9712. - Distrib. Sumatra, Java (Forbes 416), Borneo (Haviland 1971). 50 A specimen of Forbes from Sumatra has flowers quite twice as large as those from the peninsula, but the structure is the same. He says “Flowers cream -white with a flush of rose-purple, very fragrant.” The description of the follicles is taken from those sent by Wray with his No. 1841, but as they are not attached to the plant, and we have seen no others for comparison, we do not feel quite sure of their identification. (Sect. V. Cystidianthus):- flowers rather large; corolla over 1 in broad; leaves rather large, with conspicuous nerves; shrubby, apparently not rooting along the stem.. .. 22 H. campanulata. Note: again references not in chronological order. In System atisches Verzeichnis Family 1 (1911) 5. Koorders/Schumacher. 5905. Physostelma Wight. - P. campanulata (Bl.) Decne. - Strauch, windend, bis 10 m. hoch. West-Java: Preanger: Palauanratu: Region 1: Kds 34473 (3 (597 * 6, IV. 1899). - Takoka: Region II Kds. 15182 (3 (1761 * 28. II. 1894). Translation: A twining shrub, with branches 10 meters high. West Java Palauanratu Region ....etc. In Exkersionsflora von Java 3 (1912) 96. S. H. Koorders; Ann Schumacher 21. (6905) Physostelma Wight. T Art in Java: Strauch, Windend, bis 10 m hoch, kahl. Blatter gegenstandig, ± lederig. elliptisch-oblong, oben zugespitzt, ± 13 x 14 cm, bis 17 x 7 cm, unterseits grob netzadrig. Bliiten 2 14 cm breit, in emfachen lateralen Dolden. Pedicelli 3 bis 3 Vi cm, sehr dunn. Follikel spindelformig, dunn bis 20 cm lang. P. Wallichii Wight (1834); Hoya campanulata BL. (1825-26); Cystidianthus campamilatus Hassk. (= Kuhl msc.). West-Java: In der Ebene und im unteren Gebirge, nur bei Takoka (Kds, n, 34473 (3), bei Palabuan (Kds, n, 15182 (3) und auf dem Salak (Kuhl et van Hasselt in Herb. Buitenzorg unter Cystidianthus campanulatus Kuhl misc.) im Regenwald ziemlich selten P. campanulatum (Bl.) Decne A Translation: Species from Java: A twining shrub with branches 10 meters high. Leaves outspread ± leathery, elliptic-oblong, at the tip apiculate, ± 13 x 14 cm. by 17 x 7 cm, midrib prominent on the underside, Flowers 2 !4 cm broad, on a simple genuine umbel. Pedicel 3 or 3 'A cm, very thin, follicles spindle form slight as long as 20 cm. In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 85 (1921) 506. H. Ridley. 2. Hoya campanulata Blume Bijdr. (1826) 1064; King & Gamble in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 724 (1907) 578. Sarawak, Haviland 1971. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java. In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 4 (1923). H. N. Ridley. (1) P. Wallichii Wight, Contrib. 40. Hoya campanulata Bl. Bijdr. 1064; King l.c. 578; Bot Reg. 54; Bot. Mag. t 4545. A slender wiry terrestrial twiner. Leaves thinly fleshy, elliptic-oblong acuminate, base cuneate; nerves 6 to 7 pairs, including an intermarginal nerve far from the edge, 2.5 to 6.5 in. long, 1 to 2.5 in wide; petioles .25 in long. Peduncles 1 to 2 in long; pedicels very slender, 1 to 1,25 in long. Calyx lobes subulate. Corolla campanulate thin, about 1 51 in. across, creamy-white; lobes boat-shaped. Corona, lower lobes spreading, upcurved, upper ones erect. Follicles straight, cylindrical, 6 to 8 in long, .2 in. wide, green striped white. Hab. Sandy spots near the sea and thickets in the mountain forests. Singapore, Serimbun; Tamp inis road; Kranji. Pahanit Tahan River. Perak, Thaiping Hills; Bujong; Malaka Relan Tujor (Wray). Dindings, road to Sunaet, Rot Lutaut. Distrib. Java Sumatra, Borneo. In Cyclopedia of Gardening (Horticulture) (1930) 2612. L. H. Bailey. P. Wallichii Wight, (syn H. campanulas BL.). Leaves 3 to 5 inches long, elliptic-oblong, acuminate, nerves reticulate; petiole lA inch long; cymes globose 3 to 4 inches in diam.; peduncles stout; corolla pale yellow, lobes apiculate. India, Malaya. BM 4545. JH III, 49:461, JF 1:70. Physostelma = balder girdle, referring to shape of scales of the corona. Twinning glabrous shrub. Lvs. opposite; leathery shining; fls. large umbeled; sepals small, narrow; corolla cup-shaped, lobes very short; coronal processes 5, very large, ovoid oblong, obtuse, adnate to the anthers; column tips inappedinculate: fr. long, smooth follicles; seeds comose; about 5 species India, Malaya. In Mitteilungen aus dem Tnstitut fur Allergemeine Botanik in Hamburg & (1931) 261. Schwartz. Hoya campanulata Bl. West-Borneo: Auf dem Bukit Tilling, um 800 m, Urwald. (Hans Winkler n. 1493, 8 Februar 1925; “Epiphyte; Bluten Weisz”). Translation: From the Bukit Tilling, from the forest at 800 meters altitude (Hans Winkler sheet # 1493, 8 February 1825, “Epiphyte, with white blooms”. In Flora of Java 2 (1963-1968) 265. C. A. Backer & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink f. . 26. Physostelma Wight. Flowers between the petioles of a leaf-pair peduncled, umbelliform cymes, rather large; calyx small, on the inside with 5 basal glands, deeply 5- parted; corolla widely campanulate, shallowly obtusely, 5 lobed or subentire; segments valvate in bud (?); corona-scales 5, fleshy adnate to the staminal tube, stellately patent, with revolute margins, their inner angles resting on the stigma; stamens inserted at the base of the corolla; filaments united into a very short tube; apical membrane of anthers appressed against the * stigma; pollinium solitary in each anther-cell, erect, pellucid- margined on one side; ovaries free; tip of the *stigma flat; follicles free, smooth; seed comose. Leaves with trichomes, coriaceous, Scandent, glabrous shrubs. Flowers between the petioles of a leaf-pair peduncled, umbelliform cymes, rather large; calyx small, on the inside with 5 basal glands, deeply 5 -parted; corolla widely campanulate, shallowly obtusely 5-lobed or subentire; segments valvate in bud (?); corona-scales 5 fleshy, adnate to the staminal tube, stellately patent, with revolute margins, their inner angles resting on the stigma; stamens inserted at the base of the corolla; filaments united into a very short tube; apical membrane of anthers appressed against the stigma; pollinium solitary in each anther cell, erect, pellucid-margined on one side; ovaries free; top of stigma flat; follicles free, smooth; seeds comose. Leaves with trichomes, coriaceous. Scandent, glabrous shrubs. 1 . Inflorescence between the leaves of the topmost pair of leaves or of a lower pair (in the former case seemingly terminal), on a 1 — 20 mm long peduncle, 5 — 30-flowered; 52 pedicels thin, 3 — 5 cm; calyx-segments patent, ovate, obtuse, 11 — 2 mm long; corolla yellowish, usually tinged with violet outside, 12 — 17 mm long, 20-28 mm wide; corona waxy, 12 — 13 mm diam.; segments upcurved, narrow, yellowish white, with a violet inner angle; follicles 13 — 24 cm long; seeds much narrowed towards both ends, c. 14 cm long; coma 4 — 5 cm. Leaves oblong, from an acute, obtuse, or rounded base, acutely acuminate, 6 14 — 15 cm by 2 14 — 6 14 cm, midrib and nerves distinct; petiole 4 — 8 mm. 3.00 — 10.00; 1 — XII; W.-half: 700 — 1000’ forest-borders, river-banks P. campanulatum (Bl.) Decne. Note: * at this late date taxonomists are still making references to the Stylar table as the stigma. In Malayan Wildflowers (Malayan Nature Society) sect 14 (1974) 295. M. R. Henderson. 13. Physostelma. P. wallichii (Bell-flowered Wax Plant). Fig. 279. A rather slender climber with wiry stems, leaves oblong to elliptical in outline, sometimes broadest a little above the middle, tip with a rather abrupt, sharp point, base narrowed, from about 2in. x 34 in to 5 in. x 2 14 in., side veins usually about 5 pairs, forming a loop some distance from the margine, leafstalk about % in. long; inflorescence of a stalk about 1 - 2 in long, bearing at its tip a branch of rather large, white flowers, each on a very slender stalk about 1 in. or a little more long, calyx small, with narrow sepals, corolla thin, somewhat waxy, bell-shaped, about 1 in. across, with 5 broad, very conspicuous, upcurved horns; fruit pods long and narrow, cylindrical. 6 - 8 in. long, green with white stripes, plume of seed about 1 14 in. long. Near the sea, in sandy places; or in thickets in the lowlands or hills. In Malayan Nature Journal 30 #3/4 (1978) 395. “The Peninsular Malaysian Species of I loya" R. E. Rintz. 9) Hoya campanulata Blume, Bijdr, (1826) 1064. Type: Java, Blume not seen). Fig. 13. = Physostelma campanulatum (Bl.) Decne., DC. Prod. VIII. 633. = P. wallichii Wight, Contr. 40. (1838). Type: Singapore, Wallich (not seen). Distinguishing Features: Stems finely hirsute with glabrous Poriferous branches c. 30 cm. long. Leaves very similar to those of H. coriacea : Chartaceous, elliptical; up to 12 cm. long by 6 cm. wide. Peduncle reflexed, rigid, 1 - 6 cm long. Umbel positively- geotropic, convex with flexuous, uniform pedicels 4 - 5 cm long; 1 - 30 Powers, open 8 days. Corolla campanulate, nearly glabrous inside; up to 2.5 cm. diam. by 1.5 cm. deep; creamy white. Corona white or cream, occasionally with deep red stripe on the upper lobe. Follicle c. 16 cm long by 7 mm. dia.; dark green striped. Ecology: Common in lowland and hill forests, especially along rivers where it often grows on detritus-covered boulders; blooms abundantly in Selangor 1 September. Distribution: Sumatra, Borneo, Java. 53 Fig. 13, H,ya ctimpanuhia Bl. .) florid.™ fenmtl,, b) tain c) f|0WI[ iB to? ^ d.J r|ow cc in iritdiart sect bn ■, c) [win-poLIEni*. hrom tUttt- 22. This drawing appears to be our species, although artists are rarely precise, but Dr. Rintz is one of the best. In Malayan Wild Flowers H. R. Henderson (1974) section 14:295 13. Physostelma P. wallichii (Bell-flowered Wax Plant). Fig.279. A rather slender climber with wiry stems, leaves oblong to elliptical in outline, sometimes broadest a little above the middle, 54 tip with a rather abrupt, sharp point, base narrowed, from about 2 in. x 3/4 in. to 5 in. x 21/4 in., side veins usually about 5 pairs, forming a loop some distance from the margin, leafstalk about 1/4 in. long; in florescence of a stalk about 1-2 in. long, bearing at its tip a bunch of rather large, white flowers, each on a very slender stalk about 1 in. or a little more long, calyx small, with narrow sepals, corolla thin, somewhat waxy, bell-shaped about 1 in. across, with 5 broad, very short petals, stamen column with 5 conspicuous, upcurved horns; fruit pods long and narrow, cylindrical 6~8 in. long, green with white stripes, plume of seed about 1 1/2 in. long. Near the sea in sandy places; or in thickets in the lowlands or hills. Fig. 279 Physox i ! \l > rtii li-,; ■ ,'i c /t j o\v f r ■ ,r:t> shout. (With ackn[tur' iedgemcnfi Jo the BotankAl Magazine), Note same drawing as in The Cottage Gardner (1851) and Bot. Mag. 1850 but with leaves turned around. 55 Photo taken by Ted Green The following is from an article in Fraterna (International Hoya Society publication). HOYA campanulata Blume by Ted Green Rintz said in his article that Hoya campanulata is common in the river valleys of Peninsular Malaysia. Ever hopeful that I would find the handsome H. campanulata , I resumed 3 times over a 15 year period, to Peninsular Malaysia to collect hoy as. I went exactly to the place noted on a herbarium sheet (Ula Gombok, 17 miles from Kuala Lumpur). I had a feeling that the place noted was the university agriculture research station which is on a river. I went to the research station 3 times (Dale Kloppenburg went with me once (1981) and Dorothy, my wife, went with me the last time, 1989). We were practically led by the hand, wading up the river, to a large scrambling vine that one of the men swore was what I was looking for... white flowers and all. It didn't look like a hoya to me but I brought it back. It is a big vine now, scrambling into a Cacao Tree in my yard, but still no flowers to prove or disprove what it is. Perhaps an Apocynaceous vine (they look so much like hoyas with white sap, opposite leaves, no tendrils etc.)? A thousand miles away in the Danum Valley of Eastern Sabah (part of old British North Borneo), I collected in January 1993. It is illegal to collect within the Danum Conservation Park where we were staying, so my partner and 1 went outside into an old logged-over area to collect. Interestingly, this is an area where the wild elephants strip and eat the bark off the Acacia Trees and leave their calling cards on the trail (a pile 2 feet high). 56 On that day, my collection number 93017 didn't look like a hoya but definitely an Asclepiad. It was mixed up with a zillion other plants that all had similar leaves. I brought it back and in 18 months it has grown into an 18’’ high by 24” wide, loose, scraggly thing... halfway between a bush and a vine. I still would have made book that it was not a hoya, and absolutely nothing like the thing that I had collected at Ulu Gombok. About the first of this month (August 1994), I noticed a peduncle starting and crossed my fingers that it would go to maturity. About 2 weeks later, the swollen buds showed that this was going to be a white or light colored, campanulate (bell-shaped) flower. I got all excited that this might be the long sought after H. campanulata but still a far cry from what I thought it should look like. Those buds kept ballooning out for another 10 days or so and then opened. To my delight, I discovered that I had a beautiful plant of the large flowered form of H. campanulata. As you can see from the photographs, this plant has glossy 3 to 3 1/2" leaves on fairly rigid stems. It does not twine and does not root along the stem... quite similar to H. multiflora both in leaf form and general growth. It appears to be a good grower for it is branching at several lower nodes. This plant does not resemble the one on the cover of the Malayan Nature Journal, where Rintz's article on the Malayan hoyas is found. The flowers are 1 %” wide by %” deep. I have not detected any fragrance, night or day. Rintz said that it is in flower for about 8 days, mine lasted 5 days and the peduncle is persistent for there is another set of buds already developing... A Good Sign, for I like plants that bloom regularly. Since I have only the one plant, I am watching over it carefully, making every effort to propagate it both from cuttings and in the lab. I now have it started in vitro and my hopes are high, for this is an outstanding hoya that should be widely distributed and never lost. After the serendipity, finding this Hoya campanulata , I would like to go back to Danum Valley, despite the leeches, and see what other goodies are there waiting for me! Ted Green Green: Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii 57 This is a photo by digital camera taken in Hawaii by Edward Gilding in January 2000. This flower is what I have as Photomicrographs below and it is a Section Acanthostemma (Bl.) Kloppenburg plant (Subsection Angusticarinata Kloppenburg). I have placed this plant incorrectly in the past under the Section Physostelma. (Wight) Blume. Photomicrograph of the top view of the calyx with ovaries enlarged approx. 16X. Note: the ovaries are tall. The calyx lobes are somewhat jagged with an occasional cilia. The sepals here are also linear. 58 Photomicrograph enlarged approx. 16X. This is a large flower with big parts. Side view of Coronal scale enlarged approx. 16X. Note: The small inner lobe overtopping the small anther. Anther shield in lower center is relatively small. Outer lobe is large and rounded. 59 Top view of the corona enlarged approx. 16 X. Dark areas are the retinaculum. The inner lobes although difficult to distinguished meet at the center with only a small portion of the anthers showing. The inner coronal lobe is spatulate as are most Section Acanthostemma species and here they are curved somewhat like a chickens upper beak. Note as Dr. Blume stated in 1826 Bijdr. The outer lobe is emarginate. Note: here and above that the outer coronal lobe is emarginate. On this photo the apex shows up as a red dot and the cleaved bilobed apices are beyond. This is typical of the Subsection Angusticarinata. 60 Pollinarium enlarged approx. 165 X. The whole structure is relatively large and very distinctive. Note: the large rounded ends of the pollinia, The more structured caudicles (usually these are just rounded globs of sticky material), the deep wish bone shaped translator arms, these and the caudicle are attached well up toward the head of the retinaculum. Critical measurements taken from flowers sent me by Ted Green of Hawaii. Pedicel: curved and substrict 3.5 cm. x 0.22 cm, glabrous, terete, appearing linearly grooved not enlarged toward calyx. Ovaries: Glabrous, 0.04 cm. tall 0.11 wide at base. Calyx: concave 0.24 cm. tall, glabrous, 0.1 1 cm. wide at base, slightly overlapped at base with small ligules present. 61 Corolla: very unusual central area modified into 5 raised (fluted) areas to conform the corolla’s campanulate shape. Inside papillate, granulose with short stiff hairs, outside more precise shape, glabrous. Campanulate entire distance to the corolla apex. Apex shortly apiculate. Sinus to sinus 0.20 cm. Sinus to apex 0.1 1 cm. Apex to Center 0.22 cm. Sinus to center 0.20 cm. Corona: glabrous, outer punctate. apex of scales indented. Scales are bilobed . Inner angle finely Apex to Apex 0.67 cm. Apex to center 0.70 cm. widest 0.28 cm. Ret. to Ret. 0. 1 0 cm. vary in width. Ret. to center 0.19 cm. Anther wing to AW. 0.40 cm. Staminal head: short and finely capitate. Simple. Pollinarium: pollinia length 0.64 mm. widest 0.21 mm. Translators length 0.25 mm. depth 0.06 mm. (greatest) width 0.02 mm. Caudicle bulb diam. 0. 1 1 mm. Retinaculum length 0.30 mm. overall shoulder 0. 1 0. mm. waist 0.07 mm. hip 0.08 mm. Herbarium Sheets Hoya campanulata Blume Mai Jav Sum Borneo Beta 8171 Wallich 62 Hoya campanulata Blume MalayaN.G. Sumatra Bor 578 King / Gamble Hoya campanulata Blume Buket Tikang 1493 1925 Winkler Hoya campanulata Blume Perak, Re lan Tujor 4014 Wray Hoya campanulata Blume Perak, Re lan Tujor 4024 Wray Hoya campanulata Blume Mai Jav Sum Bor 130 1844 Wallich Hoya campanulata Blume New Guinea etc. 2587 King Hoya campanulata Blume Perak, Relan Tujor 1841 Wray Hoya campanulata Blume New Guinea etc. 3819 King Hoya campanulata Blume Perak, Relan Tujor 3139 Wray Hoya campanulata Blume Sumatra, Java 416 Forbes Hoya campanulata Blume Mai Jav Sum Bor 4545 1847 Hoya campanulata Blume Mai Jav Sum Bor 22 1978 Rintz Hoya campanulata Blume W. Java, Preanger Beta 34473 1899 Koorders Hoya campanulata Blume New Guinea etc. 3457 King Hoya campanulata Blume Mai Jav Sum Bor 1001 Blume Hoya campanulata Blume Bujong Mallaca 171 Scortechini Hoya campanulata Blume W, Java, Takoka Beta 15182 1894 Koorders Hoya campanulata Blume Bujong Mallaca 336 Scortechini Hoya campanulata Blume New Guinea etc. 9712 Ridley Hoya campanulata Blume Mai Jav Sum Bor 54 Hoya campanulata Blume Borneo, Sarawak. 1971 Haviland Hoya campanulata Blume NG. 34219 Henderson (A) Discussion: (RDK) If this species is to be left in the Genus Hoya then it seems the above name is correct otherwise the name would be Cystidianthus campamdatus Harsk.. (evidently in 1843). Blume put it under Hoya in 1826. Dr. Lindley said there is nothing to justify its separation from Hoya, and I agree. Decaisne in 1846 did not know if it should be in Physostekna (?). It has also (if the same species) been placed as Physostelmci campanulatum (BL) Decaisne in "Annales Botanices Systematicae 11 1(1852-53) 63, and again in "Flora of Java” 1965. See, however, Decaisne was doubtful if this placement. Wight in Contributions 40 (1838) called it Physostelma wallichii. Henry Riddle in "Flora of the Malay Peninsula* also mentions this name (1923). 1 believe Dr. Rintz was correct in placing P. campanulatum (Bl.) Decne. (see DC Prod. VIII, 633) and P. wallichii Wight contr. 40 (1838) into Synonymy with H. campanulata Blume. I believe the name should be Hoya campanulata Blume 1826 (maybe ex. Lindley and date from 1 847 as he is the first one to designate a type). Blume placed Acanthostemma a Genus (without defining the section) because of the bilobed coronal scales “exteriori emarginatis”. Some thought it should be a Physostelma but Curtis Bot. Mag. 1850 "not in accordance with Physostelma to which Decaisne doubtfully assigned”. In 1844 Lindley states "nothing to justify separation from Hoya, not a Physostelma (at that time a genus later made a section of the Genus Hoya). In 1844 DeCandolle in Prodr. "corona and corolla same but different pollen masses” (he did not say how they were different). Size of the flower seems to add to the confusion. 1849 Paxton Mag. of Bot. "corolla greater than ’A inches in diameter.” In 1851 The cottage Gardner "1 % inches in diameter. 1903 King and Gamble "corolla 1-1.5 inches or greater”; also mention a Forbes specimen from Sumatra, two times larger. Hoya wallichii 63 was named by Burton based on the idea that the Lindley drawing and that from the Curtis Bot. Mag were different and said she “valadated Wight's publication of H. wallichii' (Wight never published a Hoy a wallichii ) There was no such hoya, no such description at any rate. It appears to me there is more than one species involved here. Possible three (3). As with Curtis Botanical Magazine drawing of Hoya fraterna Blume (now found to be Hoya meliflua (Blanco) Merrill) sent by Thomas Lobb to Veitch (of Exeter, England) this one is also wrong. Lobb was not very careful with his naming nor his data (assumed to head off competitors). Recently, evidently following Chris Burton's publication, it is now assumed that the plant collected by Ted Green is Hoya wallichii (using no author). “Should be Hova wallichii Burton." I also see this name used in “Sydhoyan" from Sweden by Berit Carlgren, and by Michael Myashiro. Burton says “ Hoya campanulata had coronal lobes very similar to H. macgillivrayi, H. onychoides and H . archboldiana (what made her think Hoya campanulata Blume had lobes like the species she mentioned H. macgillivrayi etc. since she did not see Blume's holotype sheet let alone examine it. (Blume never designated a Type sheet not number), while those of Curtis are quite inflated, just as Wight described Physostelma wallichii' s corona lobes". This is complex so bear with me. Now read these statements carefully , she is saying her new species is just like the Curtis drawing. Maybe (Lobb lead Curtis publication and Veitch astray again). Evidently Douglas Kent (who was a volunteer helper) at Kew found that the type sheet (what type sheet?) of Blume was not the same as the Curtis drawing (no surprise there just remember Blume is saying the outer coronal apex was emarginate and Curtis drawing shows an upright outer apex and somewhat apiculate). (see the photomicrographs of Ted Green’s plant it has an emarginate outer coronal lobe apex, not bulbous). I do not see how one can base anything on a drawing as we all know drawings lack critical small details in most instances. Burton’s quote “Douglas H. Kent obtained a loan of Blume’s * type specimen of H. campanulata, that I was completely convinced that my suspicions were correct. I did not get to examine that specimen myself but Douglas did and lie told me that it proved that the Curtis picture was NOT H. _campanuata. I was able to examine another specimen that Douglas compared with that holotype specimen and declared to be the same. Not only is the plant in the Curtis picture, not H campanulata , it isn't even in the same section with it. Hoya campanulata had corona lobes and pollinia that are very similar to those of H. macgillivrayi, H. onychoides and H. archboldiana. The corona lobes of the Curtis picture are quite inflated, just as Wight described Physostelma wallichii' s corona lobes. Douglas also found Wight's type specimen and was able to obtain one flower for me and it matches the plant in MM,s picture. Since it was originally published as Physostelma wallichii and it was obvious that it was a Hoya, it needed to be validated as such. I published it as Hoya wallichlii (Wight) C. M. Burton and Hon. Douglas H. Kent audited my publication. That is how it stands now. I don't think it is likely to change because all it will take is an examination of the holotype material to show conclusively that there are two species and that this one is H. wallichii ', NOT H. campanulata ." “By the way, Hoya publications are backed up by specimens deposited in Herbaria. It is the holotype specimen that is the final word in identification arguments. **The two holotypes can be found at Leiden and at either Kew or Cambridge (I'd need to dig into 64 my files to tell you which and I don't have time at the moment - if you have a real need to know which, contact me separate from this list and I'll take the time to look it, up for you). By the way, the foliage of the true H. campanulata looks more like the foliage of H. odorcita , except that it is much larger. It is a more or less scrubby plant while H. wallichii is a twining vine, even though, 1 agree that the leaves do resemble those of H. multiflora .” * Blume did not specify a Type specimen! ! Lindley designated a type t. 54, a drawing. ** A species can only have one Holotype. Conclusion: (RDK) A new Hoya species, yes hopefully, however I would not have trusted Kent to say two things were identical (since he put H. bella into synonymy with H. lanceolata and the coronas are completely different). Next the picture of Michael Miyashiro’s and on the cover of Sydhoyan is of Hoya campanulata delineated above (an Acanthostemma) So if it exists lets go out and find Hoya wallichii\ (Are the two holotypes at Leiden, if so they can not also be in England). Another note, in what section is the new hoya ? If it is not a Acanthostemma then it is not our hoya. I doubt that from the Curtis Bot. Mag. drawing one can determine that the outer coronal lobes are emarginate. Burton says the pollinia (She means pollinaria) are like that of Hoya macguUivrayii etc. and yet the only depiction of a pollinarium is by Dr. Rintz 1978. She did not see what she calls the type sheet so this is just a statement off the wall. I also do not agree that the Curtis drawing is not Hoya campanulata (Bl.) Lindley. 65 I added this photo enlarged about 16X of the corolla apical portion of inside of corolla. At a 10X scope magnification (camera above the eyepiece) this is all I could get in the frame. 66 Hoya caudata J. D. Hooker 1883 Type description: In Flora of British India 4 (1883) 60. J. D. Hooker XCV. Asclepiadaceae. (J. D. Hooker) [Hoya] 31. H. caudata, Hook, f.; glabrous, leaves ovate acuminate very short petiole very thick margins corrugate; pedicels short filiform, corolla pubescent within lobes tailed. Malacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1128). Stem rather slender but woody. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., sparsely papillose on both surfaces, midrib and arching nerves faint: petiole % in., so thick as to appear globose. Peduncle (one only seen) nearly 2 in., with thickened scared tip; pedicles !4 in. Sepals linear- lanceolate, glabrous. Corolla Vz to 3A in. diam., “white, suffused with pink. Maingay: lobes triangular, ending in slender tails of their own length. Coronal processes horizontal, elliptic-ovate, broadest end outwards, concave above, inner angle produced into a long spur, which is much shorter than the very long filiform anther-tips. Other literature: In Flora of the Malay Peninsula (1923) 395. Henry Nicholas Ridley (1) H. caudata Hook. III. F. B. I. iv. 60: King l.c. 568. Long climbing epiphyte. Leaves fleshy coriaceous, ovate acuminate, base rounded or cordate, edges strongly undulate, recurved, 3 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. wide; petioles very thick, .25 in. long. Peduncles 1 in. long, stout, rachis thick, .5 to 1 in. long; pedicels filiform .5 in. long all glabrous. Calyx-lobes linear lanceolate glabrous. Corolla .5 to .75 in. wide, lobes oblong long caudate acuminate silvery-pilose within white suffused with pink. Corona fleshy, lower lobes horizontal, elliptic-ovate, upper with a long subulate spur. Staminal-appendages, white, thin, long, caudate, acuminate. Hab. Hill forests. Malacca (Maingay); Mt. Ophir. Penang. Richmond pool (leaves smaller, edge entire, dull pink). *var. crass ifolia Ridl. Jour. Roy. As. Soc. S. Br. 61, p. 30. Leaves very coriaceous denticulate on the edge. Peduncles and petioles bristly-hairy. Corolla-lobes triangular cuspidate, pink, villous edged with long hairs. Perak, Tapah on the Temoh Road. (Ridley). Lower corona-lobes thin vertically, upper lobe and stamen appendages very long acuminate (1) H. caudata Editors note *: this species was first described by Ridley as Hoya crassifolia in Jour. Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Br. LXL1912, 30-31, an untenable name. Hoya crassifolia Ridley 1912 In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 61 (1912) 30-31. H. Ridley. Hoya crassifolia, n. sp. Stem rather stout with rugose often pale bark rooting, profusely. Leaves very coriaceous ovate acuminate slightly cordate at the base, margins undulate and minutely irregular dentate, nerves very inconspicuous 3-4 pairs at an acute 67 angle, midrib inconspicuous 6 inches long 2Vi inches wide, petiole very short and thick. Peduncle I/2 inches long rachis V2 inch long with elliptic scars, pedicles slender % inch long, hairy with long rufous hairs. Sepals small linear lanceolate acuminate. Corolla half an inch across pink, lobes triangular cuspidate with a long point, villous with long white hairs on the edge, Corolla scales, lower lobes long thick blunt not smooth and shining, upper ones short erect about half as long triangular acuminate. Staminal column short thick appendages long linear acuminate thin membranaceous and translucent white. Perak: Tapah on trees on the Temoh Road (Ridley 14059). A most remarkable plant with its hard stiff leaves roughened with short tooth-like processes at the edge, hairy pedicels and long thin stamen appendages. Compilers notation: The above name was untenable as it had been previously used, although I believe without a type mentioned. Continue: In Journal if the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch (1907) 568. “Flora of the Malayan Peninsula” King & Gamble. 9. Hoya caudata Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. IV. 60(1883). A twining epiphytic shrub, rooting on trees; branches .1 to .2 in. thick, with corky rugose bark. Leaves thick, fleshy, coriaceous when dry; ovate, acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate base; both surfaces glabrous, sparsely papillose; margines corrugate and recurved; 3 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib slender; main nerves 3 to 4 pairs, distinct, arching, very faint; reticulations not visible; petiole up to .25 in. long, very thick, so thick as to appear globose. Umbels many-flowered on a .5 to 1 in. long tuberculate rachis at the end of a thickened 1 in. long peduncle; pedicels .5 in. long, filiform; flowers white suffused with pink. Calyx very membranous; lobes linear-lanceolate, glabrous, .05 to .075 in. long. Corolla .5 to .75 in. in diam,; lobes ovate, long caudate-acuminate, silvery-pilose within. Corona fleshy; lower lobes horizontal, elliptic-ovate, the broadest end outwards, concave above; the upper lobe produced in a long erect stipulate spur shorter than the anther-tips. Staminal-column short; anther-wings straight; appendages membranous, long caudate-acuminate; pollen-masses flattened, oblong, truncate, attached by cup-shaped broad caudicles to the rather narrowly ovate brown pollen-carrier. Style- apex 5 angled, with a short conical tip. Malacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1128 Lower lobe of corona thin vertically, short:- leaves obscurely nerved, about 3 to 4 pairs, very thick; lower corona-lobes obtuse; upper long, acuminate; appendages very long acuminate 9. H. caudata In Malayan Nature Journal 30 3/4 (1978) 484. “The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya” Rintz, R. E. 1) Hoya caudata Hooker, F.B.I. IV (1883) 160. Type: Malaysia, Melaka, Maingay 1128 (K). — Fig. 5. = H. crcissifolia Ridley, J.R.A.S.S.Br. (1912) 30. Type Malaysia. Perak, Tapah, Ridley 14059 (K). = H. flagellata Kerr, Hook. Icon. PL XXXV, t. 3407 (1940) Type: Thailand, Puket Kerr 14164 (K). Distinguishing Features: Stems thin; all new growth, including leaves and peduncles, deep red and densely hirsute. Leaves thick and rigid, ovate-acuminate with cordate bases; margins often strongly corrugate; size variable, on some plants up to 15 cm long and 7 cm wide, on others much smaller 4 cm. long by 2.5 cm. wide. Petioles thick and hirsute, becoming 68 glabrous when old. Peduncle reflexed, thin and flexuous, 2 to 3 cm long. Umbel positively-geotropic, concave with rigid, curved pedicels 5 mm - 3 cm long; 1-10 flowers, open 1-2 days. Corolla spreading, densely pubescent inside, marginal hairs long-villous; c. 1.3 cm. diam; pale pink. Corona upper lobe deep red, lower lobe white. Anther Appendages long-flagellate, 4-5 mm. long. Caudicles broadly winged. Follicles c 10 cm long by 4 mm diam. Ecology: Endemic to Malaysia and S, Thailand; common but usually not abundant in dense lowland forests throughout the peninsula; common on limestone hills; not often flowering. Fig, S. Hojj rovdrtj Hock, a) JubEt. b) fruitl c) unopened flower bud : d) ftowet in cop viftti-. r) Down in ■side view; f> flown in median setcitm. g) iwhn-pollinu, from 24 69 Herbarium Sheets Hoya caudata Hooker Hoya caudata Hooker Hoya caudata Hooker Hoya caudata Hooker Hoya caudata Hooker Malacca, Maingay Type Perak, Tapah, Temoh Thailand, Puket Malay Penn. Malaya, Pehang 1128 1883 Hooker (K) 14059 Ridley (K) 14164 Kerr (K) 14057 (BO) 0629-A Stone (KLU) Photo by Ann Wayman. Buds of Hoya caudata. Note the bracteated Rachis. 70 Picture taken in Hawaii at Ted Green’s by RDK 71 Picture by RDK Picture by Eva-karin Wiberg 72 Photomicrographs of Flowers collected at Ted Green's Oct 2003. Pedicel enlarged about 8X. It is curved, shortly and sparsely hirsute with cells pointing apically. 12.5 cm. long, 0.11 cm. in diameter. Bock view of the calyx with pedicel attached, enlarged about 8X. Sepals are narrowly triangular. Outer surface granulose, glabrous. Inside slick smooth. ate the base. Front view, with ovaries showing. Sepals; Apex - base 0.20 cm. Apex - center 0.27 cm. Widest 0.11 cm. Ovaries: Column shaped 0.14 cm. tall and 0.11 cm. wide Calyx on outside surface of the corolla enlarged about 8X. The sepals are triangular 1/2 way the corolla sinuses. There are bumps between each sepal on the corolla, which is an unusual structure I have not observed on any other hoy a species. Here the tow in the lower right hand area are bronze bumps clearly visible. Outside center view of the corolla enlarged about 8X. This surface is glabrous. Collar is not much thickened. Here again the raised bumps are visible around the center. 73 The apical area of the corolla outside enlarged about 8X. The apex is very long and narrow as indicated in the bud picture above. Tong villous hairs are visible from the opposite surface. Corolla inside central portion enlarged about 8X. On this surface the five cups in the surface are filled with stellate hair calls these are between each scale of the corona. The surface is pubescent out to the very villous coronal lobes. Inside view at the corolla sinuses enlarged about 8x. Here are the long crystalline hairs, which cover the corolla lobes inside. Sinus - sinus 0.57 cm. Sinus - center 0.50 cm. Sinus - apex 0.94 cm. Apex - center 1.17 cm. Widest 0.62 cm. Inside view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The inner lobes are raised, do not reach the center and dentate. The dorsal is somewhat sway backed. Outer apex is obtuse. The whole structure is glabrous. The lower surface is channeled. Tobes do not reach the corolla sinuses. Apex - apex 0.35 cm. Apex - center 0.40 cm. Widest 0.29 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.09 cm. Ret - center 0.10 cm. Aw. - aw. 0.20 cm. Aw. - center 0.15 cm. Side view of a individual coronal scale. Inner lobe is spatulate and raised. The anthers are unusual in being exceptionally long curving back over the center. Anther wings are not deeply curved. Back swayed and outer apex blunt and raised but much below the inner lobe. 74 Pollinarium enlarged about 165 X.. The translatore are unusual, the lower surface is dark and the structure cups inward with a narrow top supporting the clear comma shaped caudicles. The translator major surface eis finely granulose. Pollinia and retinacula are long and narrow. Another view of the pollinarium to show the granulose bulbous-like surface of the translators, especially visible on the lower right. Pollinia length 0.62 mm. width 0.16 mm. Retinacula length 0.17 mm. shoulders 0.07 mm. waist 0.05 mm. hip 0.08 mm. extensions 0.03 mm. Translator length 0.18 mm. depth 0.06 mm. Caudicle bulb diam. 0.07 mm. 75 76 Hoy a caudata Hooker# 14057 (BO) 77 Hoya caudata Hooker # 0629-A (KLU) 78 Hoya citrina Ridley 1922 Picture by Ann Wayman, Central Point Oregon. Ann says “1/2” waxy yellow flowers 20 per umbel large, dark green, silver flecked leaves. The clone in commerce was sent to me by Dr. Chin from the University at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He collected it at Bukit Takun, 15 miles N. of Kuala Lumpur in 1984. The species has large glossy green foliage, tri (palmately) nerved. The base is rounded, broadly ovate with an acute apex. Dr. Rintz placed this as a variety of ( H . acuta.) Hoya parasitica I do not agree with this, however I tend not to lump species unless they are obviously the same. Hoya citrina Ridley 1922 Type description: In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 86 (1922) 300. H. Ridley. Hoya citrina Ridley. N. sp. Stout, long pendent plant. Leaves thick, fleshy stiffly coriaceous ovate, base broad, round, subcordate; nerves three conspicuous when dry with about 4 pairs of lateral nerves from the central nerve broken up into reticulations large and lax. 4 to 4.5 in. long, 3 in wide; petiole very thick .75 in long. Peduncles stout 2.2 in. long; raceme thickened lengthening to over 1 in. long with very numerous close set broad bracts. Pedicels .6 in. long. Flowers 3 in. wide; sepals ovate blunt. Corolla-lobes triangular ovate acute, light yellow. Corona pinkish red, lower lobe long acute, lanceolate. 79 Hab. Limestone precipices. Selangor, Batu Caves. Ridley. Perak. Ulu Bubong on trees in Jungle. Kunstler 10316; Batu Kurau. Scortechini 1626. The Perak plants were referred by King and Gamble to H. parasitica Wall. From which they differ Ln the ovate cordate leaves. With three distinct nerves from the central one of which rise about 4 pairs of lateral nerves quickly broken up into reticulations. The flowers are very similar in both size in both species except for the colour, these being yellow with a red corona; those of H. parasitica pinkish white with a white corona, the corolla-lobes in this species are also triangular acute, not cordate. Other literature: In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 4 (1923) 397. H. Ridley. (7) H. citrina Ridl. Jorurn. Roy. AS. Soc. S. Br. 86, p. 300. Stem stout, very long. Leaves thick fleshy drying stiffly coriaceous, ovate acute, base broad, round cordate; nerves 3, conspicuous when dry with about 4 pairs of nervules from the central one broken up into large lax reticulations, 4 to 4.5 in. long, 3 in. wide; petioles stout, .75 in. long. Peduncles stout, 2.24 in, long, thickened lengthening to over 1 in.; Pedicels .6 in. long, slender. Calyx-lobes ovate blunt. Corolla .3 in. wide, lobes triangular-ovate acute not cordate, light yellow. Corona as in H. parasitica , but pinkish red, lower lobe long lanceolate acute. Hab. Limestone precipices. Selangor, Batu Caves. Perak, Ulu Bubong on a tree in jungle (Kunstler): Batu Kurau (Scortechini). In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 514. R. E. Rintz. 22b. Hoya parasitica var. citrina (Ridley) Rintz, comb. nov. — Fig. 27. = H. citrina Ridley. J.R.A.S.S.Br. 86 (1922) 300 Type: Malaysia, Selangor, Batu Caves, Ridley (K). Compilers notation: Placing Hoya citrina in with Hoya parasitica as a variety is, in my opinion incorrect. The foliage of Hoya parasitica is not palmate nor is the venation anastomosing and the size is much smaller, ln addition the corolla surface of H. parasitica ( Hoya acuta Haworth) is not pubescent as drawn by Dr. Rintz (although my specimen is very finely puberulous) and the type description does not say pubescent, it states glabrous. The calyx lobes of//, acuta (77 parasitica are described as linear and not obtuse as in Hoya citrina ). Also compare the dimensions of all flower parts with the type descriptions of Hoya acuta , H. pallida and H. parasitica. In the above combination Dr. Rintz did not mention the type number “Type: Malaysia, Selangor, Batu Caves, Ridley (K).” Ridley specified two sheets, 1 hereby designate Kunstler 10316 (from Ridley) as the Holotype for this species. Herbarium Sheets: Hoya citrina Ridley Malaya, Batu Kurau Type 10316 1922 Kunstler Hoya citrina Ridley Malaya 1626 Scortechini Hoya citrina Ridley Sunge, Ketil, Kalantan 2847 1973 Shah & Ali (B) Hoya citrina Ridley BatuSungiaSemiayikSel 52 (2) 1976 Rintz (UPM) Hoya citrina Ridley Batu, Kedah 5’ 38 1976 Rintz, (UPM) Hoya citrina Ridley Malaya, Batu Caves 400’ 111 1976 Rintz (UPM) 80 Fig. 27, Hoys pamtika v*r. orrW (ft idl.) ftilLTE, a) habit; b) fruit; e} flower in tup view; d) flower ill side view; e) flower in median, section; f) cwin-pollinia. From j? Idf~ / . Jl 54 An Excellent drawing by Dr. Rintz from his The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya. 81 Picture of this plant growing at Fresno California in 1988. Origin: from Dr. Chin collected at Bukit Takun, Malaya in 1984 Leaves: prominently 3 veined (palmate) waxy medium green, undersurface lighter green, not as glossy. Edges turn under slightly, stiff. Two minor veins along edge from the base. Petiole: 2.0 cm long 5 + mm. in diameter, gray- brown-red margin at attachment point of blade corky, gland at attachment on upper side. Top view of the calyx enlarged about 16X. A not very clear photo. Note that the sepal apex is broadly rounded with about 1/3 overlap with very large ligules at the sinus. 82 Side view of the pedicel and calyx enlarged about 16X. All parts are glabrous. The outer surface of the calyx is granular and the pedicel is lenticulate. Sepals are relatively short with outer apex obtuse. Side view of the flower, showing mainly the crown enlarged about 16X. 83 Top view of corona and part of corolla below enlarged about 16X. Note the lobes of the corona exceed the corolla sinus. The inner lobes are relatively short and dentate not reaching the center so the anthers are well exposed, the retinacula are visible as are the anther grooves. The corolla inner surface is finely pubescent and outside glabrous. Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. There is a covered channel and the turned under surface is beautifully sulcate. The anther wings protrude beyond the sinus, the outer lobe is acute. 84 View of the stylar pentagonal crown with all coronal scales remover but one. The stylar crown is a simple peak, the 5 corners where the stigma are visible as rose colored areas on an otherwise yellow surface. Note the coronal scale has a ridge in the center toward the outer apex. Several pollinaria are visible as well as anthers pealed back. Pollinarium enlarged about 65X. Rintz's drawing depicts the leaves of this species exactly as I see them on my clone, however he has drawn the pollinia in good detail (although depicted for me in the wrong configuration) and his pollinia are rounded on the inner end. Note here the ends a re definitely squared off, more so than any other pollinia I am aware of. The translators and caudicles are well developed. 85 Here the pollinarium is enlarged about 165X. I see one more difference that may or may not be significant, in relation to Rintz pollinarium and that is the large vacuoles, which do not become more narrow as the proceed to the outer apex, (the attached apex). Note the well developed spatulate shaped translators and the bulbous clear caudicles, sticking to the pollinia. Pollinium length 0.56 mm. widest 0.18 mm. Retianculum length 0.23 mm. shoulder 0.12 mm. waist 0.08 mm. hip 0.10 mm. extension 0.05 mm. Translators length 0.13 mm. depth 0.06 mm. Caudicle bulb diam. 0.08 mm. 86 Hoya citrina Ridley, 1922, # 2847 (B) ] UKH.A F+ ,Ut1- *iL ri^*. J ^ I I A* our-=Ei r.etiii "j taw. n»« :,r, ti ?\:£l[e: :'_r --?-■» /rL1 Aii ib±SBi1- 5E7C llHN i jl pg ?a > ■ Says Hoya parasitica var. citrina (Ridley) Rintz. Det. R. E. R. 9-79. 87 89 Hoya citrina Ridley # 52 (UPM) f .4. 9 F C 90 Hoya citrina Ridley # 52 (UPM) 91 Hoya citrina Ridley #111 (UPI\/0 92 Hoya coriacea Blume Photo by Ann Wayman of Central Point, Oregon, USA. Photo by Ted Green of Kaaawa, Hawaii, USA. 93 Hoya coriacea Blume 1825 Type Description: In Bijdragen tot de Flora von Nederlandsch Indie (1825) 1063. Blume, H. coriacea as follows: H: foliis subvenosis ovalibus acutis vel acuminatis eoriaceis glabris, corolla intus sericea. Crescit: in fruticetis ad pendem montis Salak. Floret: Octobri, etc. Translation: Hoya: with leaves a little nerved oval acute or acuminate coriaceous, glabris corolla inside silky (long straight closely pressed glossy hairs). Growing: shrub like to pendulous among the Salak mountains. Floret: October, etc. Note: no type designated. The Other Literature: In General System of gardening and Botany 23 (1837) 127. G. Don. 23. H. coriacea (Blum. Bijdr. 1063.), leaves almost veinless, oval, acute or acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous; corolla silky inside, Native of Java among bushes, at the foot of Mount Salak. Coriaceous leaved Hoya. FI. Oct. Shrub tw. In Synopsis Plantarum 6 (1840) 892. D. N. F. Dietrich. 19. H. coriacea Blume; fol. subvenosis ovalibus acutis vel acuminatis eoriaceis glabris; cor. intus sericea. In Java. Woody. Translation: Foliage almost without visible veins oval acute or acuminate leathery glabrous. Corolla inside silky. From Java. In Tijdschrift vor Naturilijke Geschieden Physiol. 10 (1843) 182. Hoev. & De Yriese (Hassk.). 589. 2. Hoya coriacea, Bl. Bijdr. 1063. (Centrostemma ? Msn. Gen, Com. 177. 803). Species haecce ad Hoyam nec ad Centrostemma pertinet. Translation: (Centrostemma? Manuscript Genus he communicated 177. 803). This species belonging to a Hoya not a Centrostemma. In De Candolle’s Prodromus 8 (1844) 638. Decaisne. 27 H. coriacea (Bl.) bijdr. p. 1063), volubilis glabra, ramis graeillibus, foliis ovatis v. ovato-oblongoides acuminatis acutis basi obsolete emarginatis rotundatis supra petiolum calloso-glandulosis venosis, pedicellis pubescentibus, corolla carnosa extrosum papillis brevissimis inspersa, introsum dense barbata, coronae stam. foliolis ovalibus acutis apice porrecto supra convexis. Woody climber. In insula Java, ad pedem montis Salak inter frutices. (v. s. sine fl. h. Mus. Par. A cl. Bl. Comm.) 94 Translation: twining glabrous, branches somewhat slender, leaves ovate or ovate-oblong acuminate acute base obscurely emarginate or rounded above petiole with a callused gland, veined, pedicels pubescent, corolla fleshy outside papilla very shortly dispersed, inside densely so, the staminal corona leaflets oval acute apex projected outward and forward, above convex. Woody climber form the island of Java, at the base of Mt. Salak bushes. 1 have seen this flower in the garden of the Paris Museum communicated principally from the most renowned Blume. In Rumphia 4 ( 1 848) 5 1 . Blume placed H. coriacea in the Section Physostemma. Coronae staminae foliola subinflata, subtus marginibus revolutis fissura longitudinali hiantia. Translation: leaflets of the staminal corona somewhat inflated, below with the margins revolute with gaping longitudinal split (fissure). His Latin description is lengthy and full of details as follows: H. coriacea Tab. 187: volubilis, glabra; foliis coriaceis acutis v. acuminatis basi rotundatis v. obsolete emarginatis subvenosis supra petiolum calloso-glandulosis; umbellis longissime pedunculatis multifloris; corollae intus sericeo-velutinae laciniis triangulari-ovatus acutis; coronae stamineae foliolis supra convexis angulo exteriore obtusiusculo subreclinato Bl. Bijdr. Flor. Ned. hid. p. 1063. DeCaisne in De Cand. Prod. Syst. Veg. VIII p. 638.27 - Habit. In sylvis montanis Javae occidentalis. Speciem huic valde affmem, H. frciternam MIHI, in collibus calcareis circa Kuripan indagavi, tarn floribus minoribus, segmentis calycis multo longioribus, quam foliolis coronae staminae angulo exteriore obtusis diversam. Caulis suffructicosus, volubilis, teres, radicans, intervallo 6-8 poll, nonnunquam minori folia opposita patentissima gerens. Petioli I/2-3/4 poll., teretiusculi, supra obsolete canaliculati. Folia 4-5 poll., 2-2 1/2 poll, lata, plana, ad basin supra glandula minuta fusca sessili praedita, coriacea, nitida, subvenosa, venis in pagina aversa pallide viridi distinctioribus. Pedunculi in parte superiore caulis v. ramorum, iidem extrapetiolares, solitarii, 2-2 1/2 pol. longi, teretes, subpubescente v. glabrati, ex apice elevato-incrassato bracteolis squamaeformibus minutissimis triangulari- ovata obtusis imbricatis pubeadis obsesso umbellato- multiflori. Pedicelli 1-1 1/3 poll., graciles teretiusculi, supra aliquato crassiores, patuli, pubescentes. Calyx quinquepartitus , extus puberulus, intus glabra; laciniis 2 lin., subulatis, margine tenuioribus. Corolla pollicaris, subcarnosa, quinquefida, extus sordide purpurascens papillisque minutissimis scabrida, intus luteola et sericeo-velutina; laciniis ovatis, acutis, erecto-patentibus v. re- flexis. Coronae stamineae foliola subinflata, carnosa, pallida, supra obtuse carinata, subtus excavata et marginibus untrinque revolutis quasi fissura longitudinali excisa, angulo interiore in dentem acutum antherae incumbentem purpurascentem et angulo exteriore in acumen brevi obtusiusculum leviter reclinatum producta. Antherae sagittatae, membrana tenui margine erispatula cinctae. Pollinia lineari-oblonga, recta, plana, margine exteriore pellucida, basi per crura brevia cuneata corpusculo retinaculi oblongo complicato brunneo corneo supra medium connexa. Stigma abbreviato-prismaticum. Translation: H. coriacea plate 187, twining, glabrous; with the leaves leathery acute or acuminate with the base rounded or obsolete, emarginate (shallowly notched) almost 95 veined, above the petiole with a caltused gland; umbels with long multiflowered peduncles; with the inside of the corolla (silky) sericeus-velvety, with the (lacina) narrow lobes triangular-ovate; with the leaflets of the staminal corona convex above, with the exterior angle somewhat obtuse turned or bent downward a little. Blume in Bijdragen tot de Flora von Nederlandsch Indie (see first entry above) page 1063. Decaisne in De Candolle's Prodromus System Veg. - Volume 3 page 638.27 - Habitat. In the forest mountains of Occidental (Western) Java. The specimen strongly points in the direction of the neighboring H. fraterna known to me from the place in the calcareous hills about Kuripan as the flowers are smaller with the segments of the calyx much longer, with the exterior obtuse angle of the staminal corona different. Stem slightly woody twining, round rooting (putting forth aerial roots) spacing 16.2-21.6 cm. (long) somewhat round, above obsoletely grooved. Leaves 10-13.5 cm. (long) 5-6.7 cm. wide, flat, at the base on the top side provided with a minute brown sessile gland, leathery, shiny, a little veined, veins mush separated (indistinct), on the lower surface pale green. Peduncles on the above part of the stem or branches, above the petioles, solitary 5. 4-6. 7 cm. long, round, somewhat pubescent or glabrous, outer tips expanded-thickened with braeteoles shaped like scales, very minute triangular ovate obtuse overlapping puberulous, occupying multiflowered umbels. Pedicels 2. 7-3. 6 cm. (long) very narrowly rounded above to some extent thickened outspread pubescent. Calyx 5 parted, outside puberulis, inside glabrous, flaps 4.5 mm. (long) awl shaped (tapering from the base to a very fine point), with the margins thin. Corolla 1" long (2.5 cm.) somewhat thick 5-fid, outside dull purplish with minute nipple like projections (papillate) somewhat scabrous, inside yellow and silky- velvety, lobes ovate, acute spreading erect or reflexed. Leaflets of the staminal corona somewhat inflated, thick, pale, above obtusely keeled, below hollowed out and on both sides revolute, nearly cut into a longitudinal fissure (channeled) with the purplish interior angle a pointed tooth, incumbent upon the anther and with the exterior angle acuminate briefly very obtuse slightly bent downward. Membrane of the anthers satiate (arrow shaped) with thin curled margins enclosed. Pollinia linearly oblong, erect, flat, with the exterior margin translucent, with the base portion narrowly cuneate, connected above the middle of the corpuscula of the brownish oblong horny (hard) folded upon itself retinacula. Photo taken at UC Berkley Herbarium Library in 1976. From the paintings in RumphialV, 1848 96 Drawings of the flower parts are cut off at the bottom. The coronal lobes in the flowers portrayed are drawn upright whereas the crown drawings at the bottom are correct, turning down at the ends. v r s' * f y/s//Y Scanned images of drawings missing from above photo, notice the outer coronal lobes turn down. In Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum (1849) 42. C. L. Blume. 103. Hoya (Physostemma) Coriacea BL.: Volubilis, glabra; foliis coriaceis ellipticis acutis v acuminatis basi rotundatis v. obsolete emarginatis subvenosis supra petiolum calloso- glandulosis; umbellis longissime pedunculatis multiflores; corollae intus sericeo- velutinae laciniis triangulari-ovatis acutis; coronae stamineae foliolis supra convexis angulo exteriore obtusiusculo subreclinato. Bl. Bijdr. Flor. Ned. Ind. p. 1063 et in Rumphia IV. Tab. 187. Decaisne in De Cand. Prod. Syst. Veg. VIII. p. 638. 27. - In sylvis montanis Javae occidentalis. Translation: Same Tatin as in the Rumphian pub.. See above. In Botanical Magazine (1850) 4518. Curtis. Hoya coriacea; Volubilis, glabra; foliis coriaceis ellipticis acutis v acuminatis basi rotundatis v. obsolete emarginatis subvenosis supra petiolum calloso-glandulosis; umbellis longissime pedunculatis multiflores; corollae intus sericeo-velutinae laciniis triangulari-ovatis acutis; coronae stamineae foliolis supra convexis angulo exteriore obtusiusculo subreclinato. Hoya 91 coriacea. Bl. Flor. Ned. Ind. p. 1063. Et in Rumphio, vol. 4. T. 187. De Cand. Prod.. 8. P. 638. Bl. Mus. Bot. Ludg. Bat, 1. p. 44. Discovered by Blume in mountain woods on the western side of Java. Mr. Thomas Lobb detected it in the same island, on Mount Salalc, and transmitted living plants to the rich nursery of Messers. Veitch of Exeter, in whose collection this handsome species first blossomed in August 1849. It is a climber, and requires the heat of the stove. Descr. Everywhere glabrous. Stem branched, twining, terete; young branches green. Leaves opposite on short thick petioles, which are glandular above at the setting on the blade, which latter is almost exactly elliptical, or approaching to ovate, acute, between coriaceous and fleshy, acute or shortly acuminated, costate, penninerved, the veins rather indistinct. Peduncles subaxillary, solitary, terete, longer then the leaf, pendent, bearing a large umbel of numerous flowers, brown in the state of the bud, much paler when fully expanded. Pedicels very obscurely villous. Calycine segments subulate, much shorter than the corolla. Corolla rather large, glabrous and glossy externally, within pale tawny and downy: the lobes triangular, acute, the sides a little reflexed, staminal crown white, with a dark brown eye; leaflets ovate, gibbous at the base, obtuse, the apex a little curved down. W. J. H. Cult. The genus hoya consists of between forty and fifty described species, which, with a few exceptions, are natives of tropical India and the Malayan Islands. They are soft-wooded, suffructose, twining plants, of an epiphytic habit; their leaves are usually thick and coriaceous. Most of the species inhabit moist woods, though some grow in exposed places, subject to great drought during the tropical dry season. This plant is a native of the moist woods of Java, and is described as a strong growing species. It requires a temperature suitable for tropical Orchids, but less moisture, especially during winter. It is adapted for growing against a back wall or training up rafters; or it may be coiled around a trellis fixed to a pot. Light peat soil, mixed with a portion of turfy loam, is suitable, provided it be not such as will become stagnant by an excess of water. To prevent this, the pot should be well, drained with potsherds, and pieces of charcoal mixed with soil. It is propagated by cuttings in heat. Translation: Twining, glabrous, leathery elliptic acute with the base rounded or obsolete, margine entire, somewhat veined, a callused gland above the petiole; umbels with long peduncles, many flowered. Leaflets of the corolla inside silky-velvety triangular-ovate acute; leaflets of the staminal corona convex above, exterior angle somewhat obtuse somewhat bent downward. Figure 4518 below. Also in Flore des Serres IV 1850. 98 99 Photo taken at UC Berkley Herbarium Library in 1976 From the paintings in Botanical Magazine LXXVI (labeled 1848 but evidently published in June 1st, 1850). There is a drawing of the flower in the lower left, which does not show up here very well. A calyx in the upper left. The same drawing appears in Flore Des Series 1850-1851 with the flower and sepal positions reversed. In Fleur des Series 6 (1850) 143. Van Houtte. Charact. Specif. - H. Volubilis, glabra; foliis coriaceis ellipticis acutis v acuminatis basi rotundatis v. obsolete emarginatis subvenosis (penninervis) supra petiolum calloso-glandulosis; umbellis longissime pedunculatis multiflores; corollae intus sericeo-velutinae laciniis triangulari- ovatis acutis; coronae stamineae foliolis supra convexis angulo exteriore obtusiusculo subreclinato. Hook. Hoya coriacea, Blume. Bijdr. FI. Ned. Ind. p. 1063 et in Rumphia, vol. 4. T. 187. Decaisne in DC. Prod. 8, p. 638. Blume Mus. Bot. Lugdun. Batav. 1, p.44. Hook. Bot Mag. tab. 4518. Translation: Same as for Mus. Bot. L-B. 1849. In Paxton’s Flower Garden 1 (1850) 70 f. 55.116. Hoya coriacea Blume. A Java climbing shrub, with the habit of Hoya carnosa, and umbels of yellowish flowers. A stove plant, flowering in August. Introduced by Messers. Veitch and Co. (Fig. 55), Discovered by Dr. Blume in mountain woods on the western side of Java. Mr. Thomas Lobb detected it in the same island, on Mount Salak. Everywhere glabrous. Stem branched, twining taper. Leaves on short petioles, which are glandular above at the sitting on the blade, which is almost exactly elliptical, or approaching to ovate, acute, between coriaceous and fleshy, acute or shortly acuminated, ribbed, with rather indistinct veins. 100 Peduncles longer then the leaf, pendent, bearing a large umbel of numerous flowers, being in the state of the bud, much paler when fully expanded. Pedicels very obscurely villous. Sepals much shorter than the corolla. Which is glabrous and glossy externally, within pale tawny and downy. The lobes triangular, acute. Coronet white with a dark brown eye; leaflets ovate, gibbous at the base, obtuse, the apex a little curved down - Botanical Magazine, t. 4518. In Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 (1852) 66. (under leones Addendae) G. C. Walpers. H. coriacea Blume. - Dene. In DC. l.c. 638 No. 27. Blume 1. c. 32t. 187. - Hook. Bot. Mag. Magaz. Tab. 4518. - Van Houtte, Flora des Series VI. 143. Tab. 578 . - Paxt. & Lindl. Flow. Gard. I. 77, fig. 53. In Tuinbouw Flora 1 (1853) 68. DeVries. 2 Hoya coriacea Bl. De Hoya met lederharde bladen, eene Javaansche soort, door Blume beschreven (in de Bijdr. Tot de Flora v Nederl. Indie, p. 1065, Rumphia IV. T 187. Mus. Bot. I. 44.) en afgebeeld door Hooker. (Bot. Mag. t. 4518. FI. d. serr. 1850. 143.) is almede eene aanwinst geweest onder de Hoya’s der warme kassen. Zij heeft gele kroontjes met witte bejkroonen. Zij bloeide bij de Heeren vitch, 4t eerst 1 849. Translation: The Hoya type with leathery like blades is from Java, described by Blume (in the Bijdr. tot de Flora v. Nederl. Indie, p. 1065, Rumphia IV. t. 187. Mus. bot. I. 44.) and pictured by Hooker.(Bot. Mag. t. 4518. FI. d. serr. 1850. 143.) is particular one is for consideration under the Hoya's in a warm house. They have yellow coronas with white blooms. They thrived with Mr. Veitch in 1849. In Flora van Nederlandsch Indie Bataviae 1 (1856) 522-523. Miquel. 18. Hoya coriacea Bl. Volubilis, folia e basi rotundata vel sub emarginata elliptico- vel ovato- oblonga ellipticave acuta vel acuminata, coriacea glabra, subtus costulis subvenosa, supra ad Petiolum calloso-glandulosa. 5.5-3 poll, longa; umbellae longissime pedunculatae, calycis lacinae lineares; corollae minutae intus sericeo-velutinae lutescentis laciniae triangulari-ovatae acutae, coronae stamineae phvlla data subobverse lanceolato-oblonga (sursum parum latiora) ex apice rotundato- vel truncato vel levi-emarginato costa subproducta submucronata, crasse coriacea, avenia, 5-3 poll, longa, receptacula solitaria ? pedunculata, 1-1.5 poll, longa, crasse cylindrica obtusa bracteis deciduis cicatrisata, pedunculo vulgo paullo longiora, pedicellis gracilibus subbreviora, sepala lineari- lanceolata dorso hirtella, flores alba carnosi crassi, glabri, expansi ultrosemipollicaris diametri, corollae lacinae triangulari-acutae nunc incurvae, coronae stamineae phylla inflata. Sumatra, bij Soengi Pagoe (Teysm.) - Setabah rimbo mal. Translation: Twining, foliage at the base rounded or somewhat emarginate elliptic or ovate oblong elliptic cava (hollowed out) acute or acuminate, leathery glabrous, below costa somewhat veined, above at the petiole a callused gland, 5.5-3 inches long. Umbels with very long peduncles, calyx lobes linear; corolla inside with minute silky velvety, becoming yellow, lobes triangular-ovate acute, the leaflets of the staminal corona showing somewhat obverse lanceolate-oblong (not very broad upward) at the apex rounded or truncate or mildly emarginate costa becoming somewhat mucronate, thickly 101 leathery, veinless, 5-3 inches long, receptacle solitary? pedunculate, 1-1.5 inches long, thick cylindrical obtuse bracts deciduous, scared, peduncles generally a little longer, pedicels slender somewhat shorter, sepals linear-lanceolate on the back a little hairy, flowers white fleshy thick, glabrous, expanding ultimately to almost an inch in diameter, leaflets of the corolla triangular acute now incurved, leaflets of the staminal corona inflated. In The Flora of British India 4 (1883) 61. J. D. Hooker. 37. H. coriacea, Blume Bijd. 1063; Rumphia, iv. t. 187; nearly glabrous, leaves 3-5 in. long-petioled elliptic or oblong or ovate-oblong acute or acuminate thinly coriaceous reticulated, base rounded, midrib and slender nerves very distinct, peduncles and pedicels long, sepals linear pubescent, corolla villous within. Miquel FI. Ind. Bat. I *578; Paxt. FI. Gard. 1. f. 55; Lemaire Jard. Fleur, t. 37. H. Brunoniana, Wight Cont. 37; Wall. Cat. 8163; Dene. l.c. 636. Penang, Wallich. Malacca. Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distr. 1131, 1134). - Distrib. Java, Borneo. A stout climber. Leaves variable, 1.5-2. 5 in. broad, shining above, far more thin than any Indian congener; petiole .5- .75 in. Peduncle 2-5 in.; pedicels .75- 1 in. Sepals as long as the corolla tube. Corolla .75 in diam., dirty straw-colored or reddish; lobes incurved when dry. Corona-processes white, ovoid, inflated, subacute, the narrow end outwards, inner angle cuspidate shorter than the anther-tip.” pollen masses very slender, with trigonous pedicels and minute corpuscles,” Maingay. - The comparative membranaceous reticule nervation, unlike that of Hoya, at once distinguishes this species. * page is 522-523. In Dictionary of Gardening (1885) 155. G. Nicholson. H. Coriacea (leathery), fl. Brownish yellow, produced in large umbels. Summer 1. ovate-acute, coriaceous, dark green. Manila 1838, (B. M. 4518.) In Linnean Society of London, Transactions in Botany 3 (1888) 321-322. H. A drawing from De Natural. Pflanzenfamilein 1895:228 fig 88. Here the drawing of some of the coronal lobes is incorrect, showing the outer lobes raised, yet the flat flowers seem flat with curved down outer lobes which would be correct. Ridley. H. coriacea, Blume. Pekan. Flower yellow. 102 In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch. (1908) 573. “Flora of the Malayan Peninsula” King & Gamble. 15. Hoya Coriacea, Blume Bijdr. 1063 (1826), and Rumph. TV. t. 187. A climbing, shrub, nearly glabrous; branches shining, smooth, angled when dry; branch lets pubescent. Leaves coriaceous (Blume) or fleshy (Wight), chartaceous when dry; ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuto or acuminate at apex, rounded at base; glabrous and more or less shining on both surfaces; margins slightly recurved; 3 to 6 in. long, 1 to 25 in. broad; midrib slender, raised on the lower surface, some times with one or more glands just above the petiole; main nerves distinct, 4 to 6 pairs, at about 40° to 50° with the midrib, straight and then branching and; anastomosing with a looped intramarginal nerve; reticulations netted, prominent; petiole slender in, young leaves, thick in old ones, .25 to .75 in. long. Umbels racemose, many flowered (30 to 40), on stout tubercular rachises .25 to .75 in. long and 1.5 to 2 in. thick at the ends of stout lateral puberulous peduncles 2 to 5 in. long; pedicels slender, .75 to 1.25 in. long; buds flattened, 5-angled, .5 in. broad, .15 in. high; flow ers straw coloured, yellow or reddish, the corona white. Calyx pubescent without; tube short; lobes linear, sparsely, ciliate, .15 in. long; scales minute. Corolla .75 in. in diam. when expanded; lobes triangular-ovate, acuminate, villous within and gray when dry (“Hairs like collapsed hollow' tubes" - Wight), at first incurved over the column, at last recurved. Corona of 5 spreading processes, shining, and horny when dry; lower lobes ovoid, acute, inflated, 2 -winged below with the wings connivent; upper lobes erect, acute, connivent with but shorter than the anthers. Staminal-column short; anther cells parallel above With divergent empty ones below; appendages scarious, ovate-acute pollen-masses slender, oblong-falcate, straight and thickened on the inner edge, attached by spathulata caudicles with a raised margin above to the very narrow slender pollen -carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, rather thick, depressed above with a small umbo. Follicle 1, 4.5 to 5 in. long, .5 to .75 in. broad, lanceolate, obtusely beaked; pericarp very thick, rugose Seeds, oblanceolate, thick, .25 in. long, truncate at tip and bearing a silky coma 1.25 in. long; cotyledons elliptic, fleshy, .15 in. long; radicle cylindric, .075 in. long, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 44, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. *521; Dene, in DC. Prodr. VIII. 638; Bot. Mag. t. 4518, copied in FI. des Serres t. 578.; Paxt. FI. Gard. 1. 77, fig. 55; Lemaire Jard. Flour, t 37 . Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. 61; Schum. in Engl. & Prantl Pflanzenfam. IV. 2, 290, fig. 88 A, B. H. Brunoniana, Wight Contrib. 3?; Wall. Cat. 8163; Dene. 1. c. 636. Perak: Scortechini 533. Malacca; Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1131, 1 134. Pahang: at Pekan. Ridley 2171 — Distrib. Java, Borneo (Motley 1121; Beccari 3926). Leaves pinnately nerved. Flowers moderately, large, .5 in. in diam. in bud; leaves with not very conspicuous reticulations; follicles with very thick pericarp H. coriacea. * page number is 522-523. In Exkersionsflora von Java 3 (1912) 100. S. H. Koorders, (in key). 9g. Blatter 7.5 - 12.5 x 4 - 6 cm, oberseits stark glanzend, elliptisch oder obovat-oblong, am Grunde abgerundet, oben spitz oder zugespitzt, ± kahl, dunnlederig, netzaderig. Blattstiel 1 1/3 -2 cm. Pedunculi 5-12.5 cm. Pedicelli bis 2.5 cm. Korolle 2 cm breit, ± blaszrotlich, innen zottig. Coronazipfel weisz. Hocklettemder Halbstrauch; durch die ± 103 dtinnen, krautigen, auffallig netzaderigen Blatter sofort leicht kenntlich von alien anderer Hoya-Arten. Blume, Bijdr. 1063; Miq. 1. c. 521; Hook. 1. c. 61; Blume, Rumphia IV tab. 187; Miq, 1. c. 521; Bot Mag. tab. 4518 West Java: Auf dem Salak (Blume in Herb. Leiden), bisher von mir noch nicht im Buitenzorger Herbar gefunden. Das Leidener Original dieser Ait kann ich im Blatt nicht von Hoya fraterna Bl. unterscheiden; nur sind bei letzterer Art die Bluten etwas groszer. Ich bezweifel, dasz H. coriacea und fraterna Bl. verschiedene Arten sind H. coriacea Bl. Translation: 9g. Leaves 7.5 - 12.5 x 4 - 6 cm, otherwise very glossy, elliptic or obovate- oblong, at the base rounded off, above pointed or apiculate, ± glabrous, thin-leathery, network- varicose. Petiole 1 1/3 -2 cm. Peduncle 5-12.5 cm. Pedicel up to 2.5 cm. Corolla 2 cm wide, ± pale-red, insides matted. Corona scales white. A Lofty high climber; through the ± thinness, herbaceous, extraordinary leaf varicose-network is immediately easily recognizable from all of other Hoya-Species. Blume, Bijdr. 1063; Miq. as above. 521; Hook. As above. 61; Blume, Rumphia IV tab. 1 87; Miq, as above. 521; Botanical Magazine, tab. 4518. West Java: On the Salak (Blume in the Herbarium at Leiden), as far as 1 know now not yet in found in the Buitenzorger Herbal*.. The Leiden Original of this species I can not distinguish the leaf from Hoya fraterna BL; only that in the latter species the blooms are larger. I am dubious that Hoya Coriacea and fraterna Bl. are different species. In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 85 (1921) 506. H. Ridley. 2 Hoya coriacea Blume Bijdr, (1826) 1063; King & Gamble in Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 742 (1907) 573. Borneo, Motley, Beccari 3926. Malay Peninsula, Java. In A Flora of the Malay Peninsula (1923) 394. H. N. Ridley. (8) H coriacea Bl. Bijdr. 1063; Rumphia, iv 1. 187; King, l.c. 573; Bot. Mag. 1. 4518. Leaves thinner than most species, ovate-lanceolate acute, base round; nerves 4 to 6 pairs with reticulations prominent; 6 in long, 2.5 in wide; petioles .75 in long. Peduncles 2 to 5 in long, rachis thick lengthening to .75 in long. Flowers numerous, creamy white or creamy yellow, .75 in across. Corolla lobes triangular ovate, velvety acute. Corona-lobes white edged purplish, ovoid inflated acute. Follicles 4.5 to 5 in long, .5 to .75 in wide, lanceolate woody. Seed oblanceolate, .25 in long. Hab. Not common. Lowlands near the sea, also mountains to 3000 ft. altitude. Singapore. Tampinis (D’Almieda). Pahang, Perak; Rumpin River (Evans). Malacca (Maingay). Selangor, Semangkok Pass (Machado). Perak (Scortechini) Distrib. Java, Borneo. Leaf nerves pinnate. Flowers .5 in. across, Yellowish white. In Blumea “Notes on the Flora of Java” (1950) 378. R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink. Hoya coriacea Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 1061: Hooker in Bot. Mag. (1 Juni 1850) t. 4518) Hoya fraterna Bl. Rumphia 4 (1848) 32. In Some Noteworthy Plants from Thailand by T. Smitinand (Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) #2 J anuary 1955:8. 104 There is an accompanying Photocopy of the herbarium sheet referred to showing a foliage stem with a burst seed pod, field notes etc. ASCLEPIADACEAE 17. Hoya coriacea Blume, Bijdr., p. 1063; Ridley, FI. Mai. Penins., II: 397 (1923). Hoya mangayi Craib, FI, Siam. Enum.III (1): 38 (1951) non Hook. f. Pen. Thailand: Nakawn Sritamarat, Kiriwong, Tap Charng , 400 m., climber, not common, along bank of stream in ever-green Jungle; fruits green, white-striated R.F.D. Herb. No. 7505 (Plernchit 239). Pattani, Khao Kalakiri, 900 m., evergreen forest Kerr 7780. (Herb. Kew). Distribution: Malaya, Java, Borneo and Sarawak. Kerr 7780 was determined as H. maingayi Hook. f„ but it turns out to be H. coriacea Blume. Scanned herbarium sheet from above publication. Sheet #7505. Foliage with seed pod attached. Hoya coiiid-Cia-a Blt 105 In Dictionary of Gardening RHS (1965) 1015. H. coriacea. Glabrous twiner. L. elliptic or elliptic-ovate, acute, leathery, dark green, fl. brownish-yellow in large umbels; pedicels slightly hairy. Java 1838. (B. M. 4518.) In Flora of Java 2 (1965) 267. Backer II. (In Key). 1898 Leaves either distinctly penninerved (lower nerves usually arising at different levels, in direction and thickness not or hardly differing from the higher ones; higher lateral nerves usually more then 1 on either side), or only the midrib manifest, the lateral nerves imperceptible or very obscure 5 b. Nervation otherwise, lower lateral nerves distinct, arising at the same level, in direction and thickness mostly differing from the higher ones, usually running up to far above the middle of the leaf; basal nerves on either side of midrib 1-4 15 1898 Calyx-segments linear-subulate, thinly pubescent, 4-5 mm. long; peduncle thick, thinly hairy, 7-11 cm long; rachis rather short; pedicels thin, sparingly pubescent, 2. 5-3. 5 cm long ; corolla c. 2.5 cm. diam; segments at first horizontal, afterwards with decurved upper halves, ovate-triangular, acute sordidly violet outside, yellowish, shortly pubescent inside; corona-scales at the inner angle acute, at the outer angle obtuse, slightly curved, convex-carinate above; pollinia lanceolate, pellucid-margined; translator subequaling the caudicle, many times shorter than the pollinium; ovaries glabrous; follicles ? Stem glabrous; leaves ovate-elliptic-oblong, from a rounded to subcordate base, shortly acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous on either side of the midrib with 3-5 strong nerves, prominent reticulated when dry, with several trichomes, 8-15 cm by 4-6.5 cm; petiole glabrous, 1.5-2 cm. IV: W,; 125- 720; mixed forest (H. fraterna Bl.) H. coriacea Bl. In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (3/4) (1978) 497-498. “The Peninsular Species of Hoya’' R. E. Rintz. 10) Hoya coriacea Blume Bijdr. (1826) 1063. *Type: Java, Blume (not seen). - Fig. 14. = H. occlusa Ridley, J.R.A.S.S.Br. 61 (1912) 31 Type: Malaysia, Selongor, Batu Caves, Ridley (Sing). Distinguishing Features: Easily confused with H. campanulata vegetatively but more robust and without short, Poriferous branches. Stems glabrous, Leaves chartaceous, elliptical; up to 12 cm long by 7 cm wide. Peduncle reflexed, rigid, up to 8 cm. long. Umbel positively-geotropic, convex with rigid, uniform pedicles 4-5 cm long; 1-40 flowers, open 4 days. Corolla densely tomentose with long yellow hairs; c. 1.5 cm diam. Corona upper lobe purple, lower lobe white. Caudicles larger then the corpuscle. Follicles c. 12 cm long by 1.5 cm diam. Ecology: Common throughout the Peninsula in many different habitats, including mangroves and limestone hills; often in hill forests. Distribution: S. Thailand, Sumatra, Java. * The type is the drawing Tab 187 from Rumphia 4 (1848) 52. Here Dr. Rintz places Hoya occlusa Ridley (1912) into synonymy. This later species has hairy pedicels, with glabrous campanulate corolla all different characters than Hoya coriacea Blume. Both species however have lanceolate sepals, slender translators and narrow retinacula. In addition Dr. Rintz was intimately familiar with this area. I would feel this needs more study before a synonymy is accepted. 106 Fig. 14. Hoyt *1 »> h^bii, t) fmit: cl ami, iop *"> « rk’“'ct- *" sU* vi'“> c > flower in median section; 0 xwi n-polW. Ftorrt fl iwu 1 1 5, Drawing of Rintz, Retinaculum is twisted on its axis. In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 86 “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong.l. H. coriacea Blume, Bijdr. 107 (1826) 1063. Rumphia: 4 (1848) 187*; FBI 4 (1883) 61 FI. Java 2 (1965) 267; FMP 2 (1923) 397*; Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) **495, 498, Fig. 14 Occurrences: (PEN): Pattani, Trang, Nakhon Si Thammarat. . ( Note * these are incorrect should be 52 and the later 394.) ** page 497-498. In Philippine Hoya Species 3 (1996) 55-56. R. D. Kloppenburg. Hoya coriacea Blume in Bijdragen Tot Du Flora von Nederlandsch Indie (1826) 1063. Section Physostehna (Wight) Blume. Key #44 A strong growing vine with leaves thinner than most species, chartaceous, 7-15 cm. long by 4-7 cm. wide, elliptic-oblong to oblong-ovate acute or acuminate, base rounded, nerves 4-5 with reticulations very prominent, pinnate, both sides glabrous margines slightly recurved. Petiole glabrous 1.5-2 cm. long. Umbels of many flowers, 30-40. Peduncles puberulous, 5-12 cm. long; pedicels slender 4-5 cm. long, uniform making a globose cluster of flowers with scattered hairs. Calyx segments long and narrow 0.47 cm. long, with occasional hairs no ligules observed. Ovaries long, tapering yellow glabrous. Corolla glabrous outside, densely pubescent inside of long yellow hair cells except for apex, about 2.0 cm. diameter flattened, short collar surrounded by dense stellate hairs. Corona inner lobes dentate, yellowish or with center purplish otherwise white, outer apex sub-acute, raised and turned downward, 0.60 cm. long, grooved below. Anther apex extending beyond inner lobe. Staminal head short center mealy. Pollinia long with rounded ends, narrow, long translators and prominent caudicle, retinaculum relatively small. Discovered in the Philippines in 1993 by David Cumming and Ted Green on the south West coast of Palawan. References: Synopsis Plant. 6 (1840) 892; Tijdschrift von Natur. Gesh. 10 (1843) 125; Decandolle Prodromus Sys. 8 (1844); Rumphia 4 (1848) 52; Curtis Bot. Mag. 1849: t. 4518; Mus. Bot Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1849) 42; FI des Ser. 6 (1850) 143; Flower Gdn. 1 (1850) 70 Gen. Sys. 4 s23 (1850) 783 (15); Tuinbouw FI. (1853) 68; Flora van Ned. Ind. 1 (1856) 523; Flora of British India 6 (1883) 61; Gen. Sys. 23 (1883) 127; Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4 (2) (1895) 288; Excursions FI. 1912:100; Flora of the Malay Penn. 1923:394; Flora of Java 2 (1965) 267. Herbarium Sheets: Scortechini #533 Perak, Malaya, Maingay #1131 Malacca, Motley #1121 Borneo, Soepandmo (1970) #716, Ridley #2171 Pahang Pekan, Endest #3278 C. Borneo (B), Maingay #1134, Rintz #115, Brink #4181 (BO), Dunselman (1938) #105 (BO), Maingay #8361(brunoniana) Baccari #3926, Stein #2679 (BO), Wallich #37 ( brunoniana ), Lorzio #6692 (BO/2), Griffith, Koorders (1898) #936 (BO). Meaning: coriacea — L. corium, leather, ce, state of being. Being leathery. 108 Hoya coriacea and Hoya fraterna by Ted Green 150 years ago, Karl Blume named Hoya coriacea so because the leaves are leathery (coriacea = leathery in Latin). Then, when another hoya was discovered that looked so much like coriacea, he named it Hoya fraterna (fraterna = brother, in Latin). Incidentally, 1 have always considered plants to be feminine so I would have named the fraterna, sororia (sisterly, in Latin) instead. In another article 1 discussed the error about using the name Hoya fraterna Blume for the large leafed form of Hoya meliflua (Blanco) Merrill. In that article I renamed it Hoya meliflua subsp. fraterna Green, recognizing the use of that name for over 100 years. To the best of my knowledge, the true fraterna was not recollected (or at least recognized as such) for 150 years but that ended in 1993 when Tony Lamb found it while we were collecting at Llluapinapin, Sabah, Malaysia. We were camped at about 2,000 ft. on the Apinapin River and he found it at about 2,600 ft., near to the river. I thought it was Hoya coriacea and gave it my collection number of 93023; unfortunately, this cutting failed to grow for me. Tony was successful with his cutting and at the Tenom Orchid Center at Tenom, Sabah, it grew into a large vine that subsequently flowered. Last year, a friend brought me a photo of the flowering umber, some pickled flowers and a cutting from Tenom. I immediately recognized the handsome leaves and flowers as being close to, but different from Hoya coriacea Blume; differences great enough to make it another species, not just a variant of Hoya coriacea. That suggested Blume's long-lost Hoya fraterna. What a find and what a long way from the original place! And, best of all, it is now preserved forever in several hoya collections around the world, not just on another herbarium sheet at Leiden. A thumbnail sketch of Hoya fraterna Blume is: A terrestrial, tropical vine, closely related to and resembling Hoya coriacea Blume in general growth but differing in the shape of the flowers. As with H. coriacea , it has milky sap and does not root along tile stems. The leaves are shiny, whereas, those of Hoya coriacea are dull. I have found that H. fraterna has another character the same as H. coriacea. It H. fraterna Surface shiny Hemispheric, 30 - 40 flowers Broad shouldered, chartreuse colored Reflexed, with shoulder even with middle of corona; hairs to shoulder flowers year-round and with little to no fragrance. Comparison: H. coriacea Leaf Umbel Flower Surface matte Hemispheric to globulose, 35 - 75 flowers Narrow shouldered, gold colored Corolla Reflexed, with shoulder even with bottom of corona; hairs to sinus 109 Corona wide spreading, long, curved outward Erect, short, straight Culture: As with most robust hoya vines. Hoy a fraterna desires a loose mix, moderate sunlight and regularly fertilized with a balanced fertilizer. Since it does not have succulent leaves, it should not be allowed to completely dry out. A good indicator of when it is time to water is the "leathery" feeling of the leaves. This is a robust vine so it needs room. Why not try it outside when the weather is good? Remember, not in the full sun. This is a handsome plant and with its head of golden flowers would make a fine addition to any collection. Ted Green Green: Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii 96730 9/8/00 On visiting Ed Gilding at his home in Pearl City, Hawaii, I discovered that he felt this species was synonymous with Hoya angustisepala (Elmer) Burton. This later species was named H. mindorensis by A. E. D. Elmer (in English and so not valid). On my return to Fresno, California I examined a copy of the Type sheet #10829, Schlechter's drawing, the original description also Sheet #43947 collected by M. Ramos and G. Edano in July- August 1924 at Tawitawi, Sulu Province, Philippines. It appears Ed Gilding is correct and I see only minor discrepancies in my data of Hoya coriacea Blume collected by Ted Green in the Southern part of Palawan, Philippines. Elmer's type description is here presented. Hoya mindanaensis Elmer In Leaflets of Philippine Botany 10 (1939) 3584-36585. A. E. D. Elmer. Hoya mindanaensis Elm. n. sp. Branched vines, climbing over dense jungles along creek and river. Stem terete, curved, occasionally twining, the size of a lead pencil, flexible, glabrous, smooth and yellowish, containing latex, the heavy but slender branchlets green and hanging, tan color when dry, the older one sublucid and ridged longitudinally, the ultimate branches relatively thin. Leaves opposite, persistent, scattered, mainly descending, thickly coriaceous, yellowish green beneath, tips recurred, otherwise nearly flat or only the entire margins slightly imbricate, also glabrous and smooth, curing subolivaceus on both sides, oblong or more often ovately oblong, base broadly rounded and sometimes obscurely emarginate, the upper portion of the laminae gradually tapering into the acute to subacuminate apex, the average blades 15 cm long by 6 cm wide across the middle or a trifle below it, persistent; midrib thick and pronounced beneath clear into the apex and olivaceus in color, on the upper face deeply and narrowly grooved, totally glabrous on both surfaces; nerves faint, 3 to 5 on each side of the midrib, slightly ascending and straight, forked from above the middle and reticulately united, sometimes with secondary nerves in between, reticulations coarse and only visible from beneath; petioles up to 2 cm in length, blackish brown on my dried specimen, also thick, rugose, glabrous, calculate along the upper side, persistent, leaving a triangularly shaped scar after falling. 110 Inflorescence faintly odorous, upon 8 to 12 cm long green stalks; peduncles arising from the upper side of the stem or twigs between the leaves, terete, descending, with few short hairs, becoming glabrate, vary minutely ridged lengthwise and minutely tubercled; pedicels umbellately spreading, as much as 5 cm in length, likewise terete and green when fresh, very seldom dull purple on the exposed sides, very slender, glabrate when old, it with the peduncle nearly black in the dry state; dry flowers flat and blackish; sepals 5, green but drying nearly black, very linear, 5 to 7.5 mm long, minutely puberulent, radially spreader; corolla broadly ovate in general outline, the apical portion strongly inflexed, their lateral aides appearing as horned lobes, finely tubercled on the outside, the inner surface covered with a yellowish gray felt or tomentum, apex acute, united toward the adnate base and thereby forming a short and very thick tube or column, the larger ones almost 1 cm long, not quite so broad, dirty white and with yellowish tips; horns of the corona glossy, very rigid and thick, ascending, 5 or as many as corolla segments, pouch like, with a blunt recurred point and on the inner and upper side with a pair of sharply pointed processes; the stamens located on the inner basal parts and inclosing the pistil or rather the stigmas. Baluntine in Bagobo. Type specimen number 10895, discovered by A. D. E. Elmer in the woods along the Sibulan river at 3000 feet altitude, Todaya (Mt. Apo), District of Davao, Mindanao, June 1909. This species has not been recollected since its discovery, and although it was originally determined many years ago as Hoya angustisepala Schl. he never published it. My specimens were sent out under Schlechter's name but it is here published under the above new name. Notice the great difference between the sepals of this plant and that of Hoya ciliata Elm. collected in this same general region. Photomicrographs of flowers by Dale Kloppenburg 111 Photomicrograph of the calyx and ovaries enlarged about 16 times. Photomicrograph of the inner surface of the corolla at about 16 X, with two partial coronal scales visible, these scales slightly exceed the corolla sinus. Note: the acute almost apiculate of the corolla lobe and that this surface is densely pubescent. 112 Another photomicrograph of the upper corolla surface to show the hirsute area, which lies under the corona. Also visible is the slightly thickened collar in the center, note that the edges of the corolla on this surface are glabrous from the sinus outward. 16 X. Bottom view of corona about 16 X. Observe here the prominent thickened column with a few hirsute hairs at its base, the channel formed by the curled edges of the corona, 113 and the outer end of the anther groove. Slightly less visible is the fine sulcation on this side. Top view of the corona about 16 X. Note that the inner lobes are dentate and that the anthers are crepe like exceeding the inner coronal lobes and extending almost to the retinaculum. The outer end of the lobe curves downward and has rudimentary bilobes along the thickened sides, the inner lobes are raised toward the center. Side view of an individual coronal scale about 16 X. Here we can see how the outer apex of the scale turns under and how much depth there is to the scale. The anthers clearly extend beyond the inner apex. A pollinia is still present, the side of the anther groove extends way down the scale side. 114 This is a photomicrograph of the Pollinarium at only about 65 magnifications. It is large so taken at 165 X it is only partial visible. The general features are visible here. The long regular rounded ended pollinia and the long rather linear retinaculum and also the long translator arms supporting the clear bulbous caudicules. To the right is a photo enlarged about 165 X. This pollinarium is very distinctive. Note that the translators are attached between the waste and hips of the retinaculum, which is long and relatively narrow, the hips already well down the structure. The translator although more densely cellular is not as distinct from the caudicle as in most hoya species, and the caudicle is also cellular like structured. Here it can be seen that the pellucid sterile edge of the pollinia ends inwardly in a apiculate protrusion just above where a orifice exists on the outer edge of the pollinia which allows nectar to enter the pollinium. The translators and caudicles are always attached to the retinaculum in a whole in the side of the retinaculum (an internal attachment). 115 Critical Measurements: Pedicels: slightly curved, 3.4 cm. long. Scattered hairs, long and clear, thin pointed in all directions, but mainly toward the pedicle, terete, 0.14 cm. in diameter, yellow. Calyx: narrow, linear, long extended ± to sinus of corolla, some lobes glabrous others with a few scattered hairs, no overlapping at base. 0.47 cm. long, very tiny ligules but not present at junctures. (2) only. Inside waxy, glabrous, base 0.14 cm. ±. Ovaries: long somewhat bottle shaped 0. 16 cm. at base; 0.21 cm. tall. Corolla: rolled outside glabrous, inside densely long villose stiff cellular hairs, especially centrally, on corolla lobes more clear and shorter, edges of lobes glabrous and also the extreme apex. Sinus to sinus 0.65 cm. Sinus to Apex 0.79 cm. Center to sinus 0.48 cm. Center to Apex 1.10 cm. diameter 2.20 cm. Corona: Anthers exceed scale inner toothed apex, outer apex rounded, widest at center 0.25 cm., below 0.30 cm., anther wings deeply sunken, extended. Anther wing to AW 0.30 cm. Retinaculum to Rt. AW to Rt. Center to Apex Sulcate to apex Hairs on collar ringing base. 0. 1 8 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.63 cm. diameter 1.26 cm. 0.40 cm. Pollinarium: 1.075 mm. long 0.3 mm. widest. Retinaculum 0.59 mm long. Caudicle 0.346 mm. long. Translator: 0.52 mm. long curved. Herbarium Sheets Hoya coriacea Blume Malaya Perak 533 Scortechini Hoyacoriacea Blume Malaya, Malacca, Maing 1131 Griffith Hoya coriacea Blume Borneo 1121 Motley Hoya coriacea Blume Malaya etc. 716 1970 Soepadmo Hoyacoriacea Blume Malaya Pahang Pekan 2171 Ridley Hova coriacea Blume Central E. Borneo 3278 1925 Endest (B) Hoyacoriacea Blume Malaya, Mallaxa, Maing 1134 Griffith Hoya coriacea Blume Malaya etc. 115 1976 Rintz Hoya coriacea Blume Thi Mala Jav Bo 800 m 4181 1920 Brink (BO) Hoya coriacea Blume W. Borneo Singkawang. 105 1938 Dunselman (BO) Hoya coriacea Blume Thi Malajav Bo 8163 Maingay (brunonian) Hoya coriacea Blume Borneo 3926 Baccari 116 Hoya coriacea Blume Malaya etc. 1063 1826 Blume Hoya coriacea Blume Batavia. 3 00m 2679 1929 Stein (BO) Hoya coriacea Blume Thi Mala Jav Bo 37 Wallich (brunoniana) Hoya coriacea Blume Malaya etc. 4 5 m 6692 1919 Lorzio BO/2) Hoya coriacea Blume JavaTj ampea200-3 00m 936 1898 Koorders (BO) Hoya coriacea Blume Malaya, Sepang, Pahang s.n. 1970 (B,A,BO,US,K ,BISH,L,P,PNH,SAN, SAR,T1,TNS,UC,KE P,LEA. H. coriacea/ angustisepala Philip. Tawatawi 43947 1924 Ramos & Edano H. coriacea / angustisepala Philip. Mindanao 10829 1909 Elmer (B,NY, BISH) Hoya angustisepala Burton In Hoyan 8 12 (1987) b. C. M. Burton. Hoya angustisepala Burton n.s. Ramulis crassis 5-6 mm. in diametro, glabris; foliis crasse coriaceis, glabris, oblongis ad oblong-ovatis, usque 15 cm longis, 6 cm latis, basi late rotundatis vel obscure emarginatis, apice acutis ad subacuminatis, nervis utrinque 3-5, nervis tenuis; petiolo crasso ad 2 cm. longo, glabro superne sulcato. Inflorescentiae umbelliformis descendens; pedunculo crasso 8-12 cm longo; pedicellis ca. 5 cm longis. Calycis segmenta linearis 5-7.5 mm longis, margine, ciliata. Corolla lobis late ovatis, conduplicatis, apices reflexus, extus glabra, intus puberula, 2 - 2.5 cm. diametro. Corona squamis scrotiformis, subtus late sulcatis, apice interno acuto, extemo recurvato obtusatus. Pollinia longis, gracilis; translatoribus longis, alveiformis; retinaculo longis, gracilis. Translation: Stems thick 5-6 mm. in diameter, glabrous, leaves very leathery, glabrous, oblong nearly oblong-ovate, as long as 15 cm., 6 cm. wide, base broadly rotund or obscurely emarginate, apex acute nearly subacuminate, nerves on both sides 3-5, nerves thin; petiole thick nearly 2 cm. long, glabrous deeply grooved, Inflorescence umbellate hanging down; peduncles thick 8-12 cm. long; pedicels about 5 cm. long. Calyx segments linear 5 - 7.5 mm. long, margines ciliate. Corolla lobes wide, ovate, conduplicate. apices reflexed, outside glabrous, inside puberulous, 2 - 2.25 cm. in diameter. Corona scales pouch-shaped, below broadly grooved, internal apex acute, outer recurved obtuse. Pollinia long, narrow, translators long, pitted, retinaculum long, narrow. In The Asclepiadaceous Works of Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (1992) 30. A. Nicholas. H. angustisepala Schlechter ex Burton (Elmer 10829) - * In Dr. Schlechter s Hoya Species (1993) 28-29 R. D. Kloppenburg. Hoya angustisepala Burton. Hoya mindanaensis Elmer (invalidly published in English). Hoya angustisepala Schlechter (unpublished). Branches thick 5-6 mm. in diameter, glabrous, with the leaves thickly leathery, glabrous, oblong to oblong ovate, all the way to 15 cm. long, 6 cm. wide, base broadly rounded or obscure emarginate (shallowly notched), apex acute to somewhat acute, nerves on both sides 3-5, nerves fine; petiole thick to 2 cm. long, glabrous above, below 117 sulcate, with the inflorescence shaped like an umbel descending, peduncle thick 8-12 cm. long; with the pedicels about 5 cm. long, with the segments of the calyx linear 5-7.5 mm. long, margin ciliate. Corolla lobes broad ovate, folded together, with the tips reflexed, outside glabrous, inside puberulous, 2-2.5 cm. in diameter. Corona scales pouch-shaped, below broadly sulcate, internal apex acute, external recurved obtuse. Pollinia long, narrow; translators long, trough shaped, retinaculum long narrow. Published by C. Burton in: 1987 The Hoyan V.8 #4 part 2 p.b. In Philippine Hoya Species 3 (1996) 31-32. R. D. Kloppenburg, In the Hoyan 8 #4, a-b. (1987). Hoya angustisepala Burton Syn. H. mindanaensis Elmer. Leaflets of Philippine Botany, 10 Art. 131 (1938)3584. Type: Elmer #10829, I designated (rdk) (7T ansustisepala Schltr. unpublished), in the woods along the Sibulan River at 3000 ' altitude, Todaya (Mt. Apo), Davao, Mindanao, June 1909. Elmer’s English description "Branched vines, climbing over dense jungles along creeks and river. Stem terete, curved, occasionally twining, the size of a lead pencil, flexible, glabrous, smooth and yellowish, containing latex, the heavy but slender branchlets green and hanging, tan color when dry, the older one sublucid and ridged longitudinally, the ultimate branches relative thin. Leaves opposite, persistent, scattered, mainly descending, thickly coriaceous, yellowish green beneath, tips recurved, otherwise nearly flat or only the entire margins slightly imbricate, also glabrous and smooth, curing subolivaceous on both sides, oblong or more often ovately oblong, base broadly rounded and sometimes obscurely emarginate, the upper portion of the laminae gradually tapered into the acute to subacuminate apex, the average blades 1 5 cm. long by 6 cm. wide across the middle or a trifle below it, persistent; midrib thick and pronounced beneath clear into the apex and olivaceus in color, on the upper surface deeply and narrowly grooved, totally glabrous on both surfaces; nerves faint, 3 to 5 on each side of the midrib, slightly ascending and straight, forked from above the middle and reticulately united, sometimes with secondary nerves in between, reticulations coarse and only visible from beneath; petioles up to 2 cm. in length, blackish brown on my dried specimen, also thick, rugose, glabrous, caniculate along the upper side, persistent, leaving a triangular shaped scar after falling. Inflorescence faintly odorous, upon 8 to 12 cm. long green stalks; peduncles arising from the upper side of the stem or twigs between the leaves, terete, descending, with few hairs, becoming glabrate, very minutely tubercled; pedicels umbellately spreading, as much as 5 cm. in length, likewise terete and green when fresh, very seldom dull purple on the exposed sides, very slender, glabrate when old, it with the peduncle nearly black in the dry state; dry flowers flat and blackish; sepals 5, green but drying nearly black, very linear, 0.5 to 0.75 cm. long, minutely puberulent, radially spreading; corolla broadly ovate in general outline, the apical portion strongly inflexed, their lateral sides appearing as horned lobes, finely tubercled on the outside, inner surface covered with a yellowish gray felt or tomentum, apex acute, united toward the adnate base and thereby forming a short and very thick tube or column, the larger ones almost 1 cm. long, not quite so broad, dirty white and with yellowish tips; horns of the corona glossy, very rigid and thick, ascending, 5 or as many as corolla segments, pouch like, with a blunt recurved point and on the inner and upper side with a pair of sharply pointed processes; 118 the stamen located on the inner basal parts and enclosing the pistil or rather the stigmas. Buluntine in Bagobo." Meaning: angustisepala — L. angustus; sepala. With narrow sepals. 119 Hoya angustisepala (Sch. ex Elmer) Burton. 1987, Type # 10829 (B) A. & a -■*, /£? $ Z % irV,;ii!» .kt-. HERS AS CL EPJA Q.jtt- SCHL£ 120 Hoya coriacea Blume, 1826, # 3278 (B) 121 Hoya coriacea Blume (H. mindanaensis Elmer) (H. angustisepala Burton) #10829 (NY) 122 Hoya coriacea Blume Isotype # 4181 (BO) 123 Hoya angustisepala Schlechter # 10829 Isotype (BISH) h ip -rfi-r t.1 j i- ir i j ■ 124 Hoya coriacea Blume s.n. (A) FIQ Ft A Of MAUM ttEttEiirjui r,i?r*L A fl& K QP (. f6 n.1 1 SAW S*rt ri r*. c ' lt tit ' 1 * , „c ilW'H LI — **» * Ll^,r, (PQWt tin ,r* I Ti-ik* j E,S*#p*^a ,-1,-j. i la.t.E'ure Del- iKJTr.'iiisiijvA)? u .«f ilavn |r ,S( , SMpWl J'fth JaJig- Mr Ail V. I ft, liklahpr | J 1 . | i.ij j jCk jw (*■** 125 Hoya angustisepala Schlechter# 10829 (US) UniTEO* STACEY AinQNAL Mugful! irfMi g. ir-m.'i&i ■igj.xfr.fiia >r_ j > ■ E a. «■ am ‘.ip «ami>iJii iiiii c,. 1XU» * 126 Hoya angustisepala (Schltr.) Burton, # 43947 (US) rj. :rii-iint: g-c^ala twwfl FLORA Of TH-5 PHILIPPINES WCTIMIIIUM bLiHWU of iilLivCE ’jlrflTJK-I Att. '.Hi. Sarfrwi SULU l^viffcr iv ^-I'j.NPr H3? , Jtrt tfff. INTO, il ^ 127 128 Hoya coriacea Blume # 6692 (BO) \ - tAttlt' 4 A* _v -V f - ' "r I' * ' Jfc r IS J 1 M— ■ i ■ 7. 129 Hoya coriacea Blume # 6692 (BO) V 1 1 mm r\ ihsrvcvh Am. (rt . t-r \ 130 Hoya coriacea Blume Isotype ? #4181 (BO) 131 Hoya coriacea Blume (SING) 132 Hoya curtisii King & Gamble 1908 Type description: (IPNI lists 1907) In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 74/2 (1908). “Flora of the Malayan Peninsula” King & Gamble 563. 3. Hoya Curtisii, King & Gamble, n. sp. A twining small epiphytic undershrub, rooting at almost all the nodes on the bark of trees or on rocks; branches slender pubescent. Leaves sessile, very thick; orbicular, abruptly triangular-acuminate at apex, rounded or sometimes orbicular very slightly attenuate at the base; both surfaces scarious-puncticulate when dry; margine thickened; .4 to .7 in. long, .4 to .6 in broad; midrib when dry faint, other nerves invisible: petiole none. Umbels sessile, terminal and axillary, 10 to 16 flowered, on a .25 in long tubercular rachis; pedicels slender, pubescent, .75 to 1 in. long; flowers rather large, Calyx with very short tube or almost none; lobes oblong, ciliate, villous without, membranaceous, .1 in. long, much recurved; scales minute. Corolla also much recurved; tube very short, with an annular spreading ring (or corolline corona?) a little above the base; lobes spatulate, acute at the tip, minutely scurfy-puberulose, .25 in long. Corona: corolline (see above), annular; staminal, of 5 cuculate processes nearly globose when closed, but formed of 3 lobes, the two side ones rounded, the upper ovate, the three enclosing the cavity, and the whole corona much overtopping the staminal column. Staminal-column short and shortly stipitate, attached at the base of the corolla-tube; anther cells much divergent; appendages ovate, membranaceous, dentate; pollen-masses oblong-obtuse, about .03 in. long, attached by oblong fleshy thick caudicles to the conical pollen -carriers. Style-apex shortly 5-angled, somewhat depressed; tip bifid, very short. Fruit not known. Perak: at Waterloo, 2000 ft., Curtis 2894. Corona-processes with lower lobe globose, hollow; upper shorter-curved; corolla-tube with a broad annular ring (corolline corona ?) Sect. Ill Kloiophora3. H. Curtsii. Other literature: In the Hoya handbook: Hoya curtisii King & Gamble in Flora of the Malayan Peninsula 2 (1903) 564. Type: Curtis # 2894 at Waterloo, Perak, 2000’ elevation. Note: Section Acanthostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg. Subsection Angusticarinmata Kloppenburg Key# 30 King & Gamble’s English description: A twining small epiphytic undershrub, rooting at almost all the nodes on the bark of trees or on rocks; branches; branchlets slender, pubescent. Leaves sessile, very thick; orbicular, abruptly triangular-acuminate at apex, rounded or sometimes very slightly attenuate at base; both surfaces scabrous- 133 puncticulate when dry; margins thickened; 0.4 — 0.7 in long, 0.4 0.6 in. broad: midrib when dry faint, other nerves invisible; petiole none. Umbels sessile, terminal or axillary, 10 to 16 flowered, on a 0.25 in. long tubercular rachis; pedicels slender, pubescent, 0.75 1 in. long: flowers rather large. Calyx with very short tube or almost none; lobes oblong, ciliate. villous without, membranaceous, I in. long, much recurved; scales minute. Corolla also much recurved; tube very short, with an annular spreading ring (or carolline corona ?) a little above the base; lobes spatulate, acute at the tip, minutely scruffy-puberulous. .25 in. long. Corona Caroline (see above), annular; stamina!,, of 5 cucullate processes nearly globose when closed, but formed of 3 lobes, the two side ones rounded, the upper ovate, the three enclosing a cavity, and the whole corona much overtopping the staminal-column. Staminal-column short and shortly stipitate, attached at the base of the corolla-tube; anther-cells much divergent; appendages ovate, membranaceous, dentate: pollen-masses oblong-obtuse, about -0.3 in. long, attached by oblong fleshy thick caudicles to the conical pollen — carriers. Style — apex shortly 5angled, somewhat depressed: tip bifid, very short. Fruit not known. The clone collected by C. E. Ridsdale at Saint Paul’s bay, Palawan in 1984 and taken back to Leiden, The Netherlands, is the clone presently being grown in commerce. The pollinia of this clone is much longer than that of the type clone. 0.97 cm. vs. 0.78 cm. otherwise they seem in complete agreement. This species has a crown very noticeably like Hoy a waymaniae Kloppenburg. 1 would say there is an evolutionary link or parallel structural development here. This species is most likely a synonym of Hoya pruinosa Miquel in FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1 856) 525. There are two sheets in Leiden neither of which have flowers, so definite identification awaits a DNA analysis. These species are both in the Section Acanthostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg contrary to what has been expressed in some articles. Meaning: curtisii Named for the collector Curtis. In Flora of the Malaya Peninsula 2 (1923 ) 394; Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 505. Pruinosa: Mus. Bot. Lug.-Bat. 1 (1849) 58; Rumphia 4 (1849) 30; Ann. du Jar. de Buitenzorg 1(1876). Curtis Type #2894, 1903 (SING); Cumin #1449 (SING). In Flora of the Malaya Peninsula 4 (1923) 394. H. Ridley. (15). H. Curtisii King & Gamble l.c. 563. Slender epiphyte creeping and rooting at nodes. Leaves orbicular, abruptly acute, base round sessile. .4 to .7 in. long about as wide. Umbels terminal and axillary, 10 to 16 flowered on a sessile rachis, .25 in. long, pubescent. Calyx-lobes oblong villous. Corolla .5 in across, lobes deflexed, spatulate, acute. An annular corona, surrounding a staminal corona of 5 hooded processes of 3 lobes, side ones round, upper ovate, enclosing a cavity and overtopping the staminal column. Hab. Perak Waterloo at 2000 ft. altitude (Curtis) Very rare. In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 505 Rintz. 15) Hoyas curtisii King & Gamble. J.A.S. Beng. IV (1903) 563. Type: Malaysia, Perak, Waterloo Estate, Curtis 134 2894 (Sing). - Fig. 19. Distinguishing Features: Stems thin hirsute. Leaves fleshy, oval, apically cuspidate, surface rugulose; c. 1.5 cm. long and wide. Peduncle horizontal, rigid, c, 5 mm long. Umbel negatively-geotropic, convex with rigid, uniform pedicels c. 2.5 cm long; pedicles hirsute; 1-30 flowers. Corolla lobes reflexed, pubescent inside except glabrous at the tips of the lobes; c. 1 cm long by 7 mm diam. Corona subtended by an inflexed annulus; lower lobe inflated, globose. Corpuscle small. Ecology: Endemic to Malaysia and known only from a single collection near Taiping, Perak at c. 700 m. Figure 19. OJr/tjrr K, iC,iJ htbtl; bj f ]aw« in ikte t) flower is side vk 0) flower in mediiti uniont e) twin'll link i™n r^^;. ren* 135 In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 86-87 “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. 3. H. curtisii King & Gamble, J. As. Soc. Beng., *4 (1903) 563; FMP 2 (1923) 394-395; Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 505, Fig. 19. Occurrence: (PEN): Chumphon. Notes: Leaves usually variegated, flower 1.8-2 cm dia.: corolla coloured, outside sometimes pinkish purple, reflexed in full bloom; inner end of coronal scales purple, not covering the yellow anther appendages. This is in volume 74 #2. 563 listed in my notes as (1908) (This may be wrong as Rintz also refers to it a 1903). But he also quotes 4 and not LXIV (74) so I believe both authors are incorrect. Herbarium Sheets Hoya curtisii K &G Malaya, Waterloo, Perak Type 2894 1903 Curtis (SING) Hoya curtisii K &G 1449 Cumin (SING) 136 Ho>a curtisii it GarnbjC 137 Photomicrographs from flowers sent by Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii of plant collected on Palawan Island, Philippines by Ridsdale of Leiden Univ. in Holland and sent to Ted by Ruurd van Donkelaar. Pedicel and calyx enlarged about 8X. The pedicel is extremely hirsute 2.5 cm. long, curved 0.55 cm. in diameter, very filamentous, hair cells 0.03 cm. long. Calyx: sepals 0.20 cm. long and 0.09 at the widest Inside glabrous, outside hirsute. Reflexed, no ligules observed. Ovaries: cone shaped, 0.16 cm. tall and base pair 0.10 cm. wide. Corolla top view enlarged about 8X with the crown removed and annulus still attached. Annulus 0.33 cm. in diameter, glabrous and creped edges. Sinus - sinus 0.19 cm. Sinus - center 0.18 cm. Sinus - apex 0.54 cm. Apex to center 0.65 cm. Widest 0.35 cm. Collar 0.07 cm. tall. Side view of the flower enlarged about 8X. The corona sits way up on a long column with a flared skirt at its base. The corolla is reflexed as is the calyx. Corona Apex - apex 0.23 cm. Apex - center 0.28 cm. Widest 0.17 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.14 cm. Ret. - center 0.13 cm. Aw. - aw. 0.18 cm. 138 I have enlarged this lower photo of the corona 16X to show the detail more clearly. The two lobes are not like the bilobes found in the Section Acanthostemma Subsection Angusticarinata species but start below the coronal lobes, at their base and are broad flat structures that overlap on another in the center and extend out to sort of a bifid apex well down from the obtuse outer apex. I feel here again we have some modifications of what we can clearly distinguish as channeled species and bilobed species. I would say they are somewhat like the modifications found in Hoya kloppenburgii Green and Hoya gildingii Kloppenburg. Again enlarged about 16X to show more detail. The inner lobes are almost not existent but are dentate, dorsal is horizontal cupped centrally with sharp raised edges, outer apex obtuse. Plate like bilobed projections arise below the lobes and extend outward and in sort of rounded edges below the outer apex. Not shown in Rintz’s drawing, (see next picture). End view of the corona enlarged about 12X. Note the center coronal scale and how the bilobes are rounded and turn upward from below and meet in center below the outer coronal lobe, This is not shown in Rintz’s drawing. 139 Pollinarium enlarged about 165X. This is truly a large pollinium with a small retinaculum, like many of Dr. Schlechter’s New Guinea species. Pollinia length 0.97 mm. widest 0.28 mm. Retinaculum: length 0.09 mm shdlr. 0.09 mm. waist 0.06 mm. hip 0.04 mm. ext 0.09 mm. Translators length 0.20 mm. depth 0.03 mm Caudicle bulb diam.0.08 mm. 140 Hoya curtisii King & Gamble Type # 2894 (KLU) ? 141 Hoya diversifolia Blume 1826 Type Description: In Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsche inde (1826) 1064. C. L. Blume. Hoya diversifolia Bl. H. foliis aveniis ovalibus acutiusculis orbiculatisve carnosis glabris, corollis intus sericcis (Rumph. Flerb. Amb. V. 175, fig. 2,). Crescit: in calcaris Kuripan et circa Bataviam. Floret: omni tempore. ** Corolla quinquefida, reflexa: corona staminae basi subulata; coronae foliolis angulo exteriore et incumbent longlier productis integerrimis. Translation: Leaves veinless oval acute orbicular fleshy glabrous, corolla incised silky (Rumphius Herbarium Amboinensis V. 175 figure 2) Growing: in calcareous Kuripan and around Batavia. Floret: entirely temporary. ** Corolla 5 parted, reflexed; corona staminea tubular at the base; lobes of the corona exterior angle and interior long produced absolutely entire. Other literature: In Allgem Med-Pharm. FI. 3 (1834) 1084, Kosteletsky. H. diversifolia, Blum. (Rumph. 5. t. 175. f. 2.) wachst ebenfalls blosz auf Baumen, hat eben so wurzelnde Stengel, herab hangende Aeste, ovate, spitzliche ober fast kreisrunde, fleischige, aberlose, kahle, balaszgriine. 1” lange Blatter, vielbluthige, lcurze Dolden mit weissen Bliithen und fingerlange, btinne Balgkapseln. — Sie wachst auf Java und den Molukken, bltiht das ganze Jahr und dient zu gleichem Zwecke, wie die schon erwahnten Arten, Translation: It thrives likewise naked on trees, with the main stem rooting, stems hanging down, ovate, with the apex pointed or slenderly rounded, fleshy, somewhat loose, glabrous, pale-green. Leaves 1 inch long, many flowered, short umbel with white flowers and a finger-long, round follicle. - They grow on Java and the Molukken, blooming the whole year and from the same sprig, like the already mentioned beautiful species. In General System of Gardening and Botany 4 (1838) 127. G. Don. 26. H. diversifolia (Blume. bijdr. p. 1064.) leaves veinless, oval acute, or orbicular, fleshy, glabrous; corollas silky inside. A woody shrub. Native of Java, in calcareous soils, about Kuripan and Batavia. Divers-leaved Hoya. FI. year. Shrub, tw. In De Candolle Prodromus Syst. Veg. 8 (1844) 637. Decaisne. 16. H. diversifolia (Bl. bijdr. p. 1064), volubilis, foliis ovalibus v. oblongis rarius orbiculatis obsolete acuminatis v. acutisculis aveniis utrinque laevibus carnosis, umbellis breviter pedunculatis, corollis introrsum sericcis vix dimindium transversalem digitum latis albicantibus, laciniis crassis reflexis (woody shrub) in calcariis Kuripan et circa Bataviam (Blume). Sussuela esculenta Rumph. Amb. 5, p. 467. t. 175, fig. 2. (v. s. sin. fl. h. Mus. par.) 142 Translation: twining, leaves oval or oblong rarely orbicular obsoletely acuminate or slightly acute both sides smoothly fleshy, umbels shortly pedunculate, corolla inside silky, divided transversely through the middle one half as wide, a dull white, leaflets thick reflexed. Woody shrub, in calcareous Kuripan and near Batavia. (Blume). Sussuela esculenta of Rumphius in Herbarium Amboinensis 5 (1747) 467 table 175 figure 2. 143 In Flora Indiae Bataviae 2 (1856) 518. Miquel. 6. Hoya diversifolia Bl. Volubilis, folia in iisdein ramis ovalia vel oblonga vel obversa, raro orbiculata, subapiculata vel acutiuscula, avenia, utrinque laevia, crasse carnosa, 4 — 2 poll, longa, umbella breviter pedunculatae (receptaculo florifero subellipsoideo), corollae introrsum sericeae, vix l/2 digitum transversim latae, albicantis laciniae crassae reflexae. Hoya diversifolia Bl. Bijdr. p. 1064. Decaisn. 1. c. p. 636. — Sussuela esculenta Rumphia. Flerb. Amb. V. p. 467, tab. 175, fig. 2. Java, op de rotsen bij Koeripan, Batavia enz. (Bl.) — Molukken, fig. 2. Translation: Twinning, leaves far apart on branches, oval or oblong or obverse, rarely orbicular, somewhat apiculate or slightly acute, both sides smooth, thickly fleshy, 4 to 2 inches long, umbels shortly pedunculate (receptacle of the flower somewhat ellipsoidal), Inside of the corolla silky, barely !/2 a finger wide, dull white, lobes thick reflexed., etc. In Flora of British India 4 (1883) 61. J. D. Hooker. 36. H. diversifolia, Blume Bijdr. 1064; quite glabrous, leaves 2-3 in. broadly obovate or elliptic obtuse or apiculate very thick margines recurved, nerves indistinct, peduncles and short pedicels stout; corolla puberulous within, follicles very thick, Miquel FI. Ind. Bat. ii, 518; Decne. in DC. Prodr. viii. 637. H. orbiculata , wall, in Wight Contrib. 36; Wall Cat. 8151; Decne. 1. c. — Sussuela esculenta , Rumph. Herb. Amb. v. 467, t. 175, f. 2. Burma: at Prome, Wallich. Malacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1130). — Distrib. Java, Amboina. A stout climber. Leaves 1.5- 2.5 in diam., base acute or rounded, nerves arched; petiole lA - M> in. Peduncle lA - M> in., very thick; pedicels about V2 in. Sepals small, elliptic, obtuse, glabrous (ciliate, Maingay). Corolla 1/3 in. diam,; cream-colored: lobes broad. Coronal-processes pale pink, short thick, ovate, with the broad end outwards concave above, with a boss near the center, inner angle produced into a short, erect spur shorter then the anther-tip. Follicles 6 in. long, % in. dia,., falcate, sublinear; pericarp thick, apparently % in. or more. Seeds about % in. long. In Transactions of the Linnean Society 3 (1888) 321. H. Ridley. H. diversifolia, Blume. Kwala Pahang. Flowers rose-colour. In Revisio Genera Plantarum 2 (1891). O. Kuntze. H diversifolia, Bl. Java: Batavia. In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 2 (1903) 570. “Flora of the Malaya Peninsula" King & Gabble. 12. Hoya diversifolia, Blume Bijdr. 1064 (1826). A climbing glabrous shrub; branches flexuous, smooth, brown; branches paler; the bark very thin. Leaves fleshy, very thick; broadly elliptic or obovate, obtuse or apiculate at apex, rounded at base; both surfaces glabrous, dull; margins recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, 1.5 to 2.5 in. broad; nerves only visible when dry, midrib broad; main nerves about 4 to 6 pairs, rather irregular, at about 60° with the midrib, soon branching; reticulations very indistinct; petiole .25 to .5 in. long tubercular rachises at the ends of very thick .5 to 2.5 in. long peduncles, which are lateral one to each pair of leaves; 144 pedicels slender, .5 in. long; buds flattened with 5 rounded angles; flowers .25 to .35 in. broad, white or rose-coloured with pink corona (yellowish-white (Maingay)). Calyx membranaceous; lobes elliptic-obtuse, usually ciliate at the tips. 0.75 in. long; scales apparently none. Corolla glabrous without, puberulous within; lobes apparently none. Corolla glabrous without, puberulous within; lobes cordate-acuminate. Corona of 5 processes attached to the bases both of the staminal-column and of the corolla-tube; lower lobe of each process orbicular or ovate, concave above and with a small central boss. 2-wingewd below, the wings connivent; upper lobe erect, triangular-acute, shorter than the anther-appendages. Staminal-column very short; anther-cells parallel above, divergent and empty below; appendages scarious. acute or acuminate; pollen-masses oblong, truncate at top, thin on the outer margine, attached by very short thick caudicles to the rather long orbicular pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5 angled, depressed, with short conical apiculus. Follicles sublinear, falcate. 6 in. long, .75 in. broad; pericarp thick, apparently .25 in. or more. Seeds oblong, .25 in. long. Decne in DC Prodr. V1H. 636; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 11. 518; Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. IV. 61. H. orbiculata. Wall, in Wight Contrib. 36; Wall. Cat. 8151: Decne. l.c. 635; Miq. l.c. 519. “Sussuela esculentd' Rumph. Herb. Amb. V. 467, t. 175 f. z. Penang: at Pulau Boetong, Curtis 928. Perak: Wray 2718; Scortechini 118. Malacca: Griffith 3787; Maingay (K.D.) 1130. Pahang: at Pekan, Ridley 1619. Singapore: Ridley 1626, 2733 — Distrib. Burma (at Prome, Wallich 8151), Java, Amboina. Leaves moderate-sized, under 4 in. long; elliptic or ovate; main nerves indistinct, at about 60° with the midrib; climbing 12. H. diver sifolia. In Fragmenta Florae Philippinae 1 (1904) 129. R. Schlechter & O. Warburg. 2. Hoya diversifolia Blume ? Culion Isl. (Merrill no. 585). In Systematisches Verzeichnis Family 1 (1911) 6. S. H. Koorders & Ann Schumacher. Hoya diversifolia ? Bl. — Windender Strauch. West- Java: Batavia: Tjiampea: Region I: Kds 30721 (3 (936 * 8 VII. 1898. Nur mit Blattern. Bestimmung sehr zweifelhaft). Translation: A twining shrub. In Exkersionsflora von Java 3 (1912). S. H. Koorders & Ann Schumann. (Key). 9c. Blatter %% — 7 % x 2 14 — 5 cm, vielgestaltig, von ± eding at bis breit ovat odor elliptisch, oben stumpf oder apiculat, sehr dick, vollig kahl. Blattstiel Vi — 11/3 cm. Pedunculi bis 1 1/3 cm, sehr dick. Pedicelli ±1 1/3 cm. Korolle ± % cm breit, gelblichweisz. Coronazipfel blasz purpurn. Follikel 15 x 2 cm, sichelformig. Winderder Strauch. Hook. 1. c. 61; Miq. 1. c. 518; H. orbiculata Wall. Java: Ohne naheren Standort (Blume in Herb, Leiden). Im Buitenzorger Herbar fand ich kein einwandfreies Material von dieser Art, wahrend ich im Hortus Bogor. lebende (vielleicht authentische) Exemplare sah. Vielleicht gehort hierber ein steriles Spezimen (Kds. n. 30712 (3) aus Tjampea bei Buitenzorg H. diversifolia Bl. * Translation: 145 9c. Leaves 2 !4 — 7 lA x 2 L> — 5 cm, multiform, of ± roundish until wide ovate or elliptical, above dully or apiculate, very thick, entirely glabrous, petiole V2 - 1 1/3 cm. Peduncle up to 1 1/3 cm, very thick. Pedicel ±11/3 cm. Corolla ± % cm wide, whitish- yellow. Corona apex pale purple. Follicles 15x2 cm, sickle shaped. Winding shrub. Hook. 1. c. 61; Miq. 1. c. c. 518; Hoya orbiculata Wall. Java: Without nearer location (flower in sharp, ailments). I found no perfect material of this type in the Buitenzorger Herbar, while I was in the Hortus Bogor living (maybe authentic) copies 1 saw. Maybe a sterile Specimen belongs here (Kds. N. 30712(3) from Tjampea near Buitenzorg. in Flore Generale de FIndo-Chine 4 (1912) 131-132. J. Constantine. 5. H. diversifolia Blume Bijdr., p. 1064; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat., 11, p. 518; Dene in DC Prodr., VIII, p. 637; H . orbiculata Wall, ex Wight Contrib., p. 36; Boerl. Hand. FI. neder. Indie, II, p. 439; Sussuela esculenta Rumph. Herb. Amb., V. p. 467, tab. 175. Epiphyte. Tige vigoureuse, pouvant devenir assez eding a, volubile, tres tmement pubescente, puis glabre. Feuilles tres charnues, orbiculaires ou largement ovales, arrondies, parfois un peu aigues a la base, arrondies ou obtuses au sommet, ou avec un large mu cron, legerement pubescentes vers le milieu et le base; nervures rarement visibles; limbe long de 1.5 - 10 cm. sur 4.5- 6 cm.; pedoncule pubescent, parfois assez epais, long de 4 cm.; pedicelles pubescents, longs de 1.5 cm.; tleurs larges de 8 mm. avant Fepanouissement. — Calice a sepales pubescents. Corolle: lobes triangulaires, pubescents en dedans, se rabattant entre les pieces de la coronule, Coronule a 5 pieces assez epaisses, peu aigues, ou obtuses, largement ovales, faiblement concaves en dessus, avec une cote au milieu; bee posterieur accuse, elegant les membranes connectivales des antheres. Etamines: eding at eding ate, aplaties, arrondies a Fextremite, avec une bordure inclore; anthere a membrane eonnectivale dressee sur le style. Fruit ... — Fig. 18, p. 131. Eaos: bassin du Se-moun, forets (Harmand). — Cochinchine: mont Kaki (Harmand). Cambodge: (Harmand). — Java, Malacca. ** Feuilles mucronees a Fextremite, non en coin a la base. *Feuilles tres epaisses; nervures secondaires non visibiles H. diversifolia. Translation: Epiphyte. Vigorous stem, can become thick, twining, very finely pubescente, then glabrous. Very fleshy leaves, orbicular or extensively oval, rounded leaves, a few leaves sharp at the basis, either rounded at the top or obtuse, or with a large mucron, slightly pubescentes toward the middle and the bases; rarely visible nerves; long limb of 1.5 - 10 cm. on 4.5 - 6 cm.; stalked pubescent, sometimes veiy thick, as long as 4 cm.; pedicelles pubescents, as long as 1.5 cm.; large flowers of 8 mm. before blossoming. - Calyx has pubescents sepals. Corolla: triangular lobes, pubescents inside, moving back between pieces of the corona, Corona has 5 pieces thick pieces, a little sharp, or obtuse, extensively oval, weakly concave on top, with a umbo near the middle; posterior beak acute, elegant membranes connected to the anthers. Stamens: pollen ordinary, flattened, rounded at the extremity, with a solid colored border; anther is membranaceous trained connected on the style. Fruit... - Fig. 18, p. 131. Laos: at the base of the mountain, in forests around (Harmand). - Cochinchine: Mount Khaki (Harmand). Cambodia: (Harmand). - Java, Malacca. * * Leaves mucronate at the extremity, the basis no corner. 146 * Leaves very sparse; secondary veins not visible H. diversifolia .-j. is. nova GOOvati var, Korni ; it rcuinc x — a, corolle ct ircMuk' \ ues par ilo^sns* COronulc cx jdwltp X6; — J, tuminc *■ et coronuie f, ' 'T* /■ r^IflK,c 1 * ; ^ 4 L? 5t ?oI*in;«rcst rurfntde t, polHnlc /*, partly Tj u yL y X *T- ^ H. diver&dolia ; 6 ct 7* deux formes dg fcuillo X 1 # ■ " l"11?,s.:h "l f> sfmn,ct du st>f^ ^ pbteau sfyhJie /, ovairc o% cotomk 11 . ' 1 '■ r? x $* — H. minima : of fcuflfcs ^ f s, J* mernhyn^olla : X :/S. — H globosa : n. fcwlK- X 1/8. — H*rl*lt,ca L : f,’ P°IIiRai,c* polMnie p, riiinade r X ft>; — i3, fcuj|jc x 8i - fl maeropbyl] i : 14, icw.lc X 1/8. — H. ofclongacutifolia : 15, fcuillc x , * " ■ l,a"*'n*y«e de ,los ** COronulc t X«; — 17, pollinic X 11 l, carnosa ; jS, pollinic x 10; ■- - - - , ' ' ' "" ~ '9- feu,l3e X J/B ; — 20, coronulc vuc rir , , . TUi0S1 ■ ■ >■ 1<-Ul,lc X I/O ; — 42, coronulc c et : 1 t>p — 2>i poiitnto x jo. Y /9 ■ We now know that Hoy a kerrii and Hoy a obovata are two different species. 147 In Florae Siamensis Enumeratio (1951) 35. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya diversifolia Blume Bijdr. 1064 (1826); F.B.I. iv 61; Mat F.M.P., no. 19, 570 (780); F.M.P. ii. 396; F.I.C. iv. fig. 18. Ridl. I 137. Ubon. Valley of the River Mun, dry forest, Harmand (ex F.I.C.) Surat. Chumpawan, Flaniff et Nur 4387! Puket, Lang-kawi (ex Ridl.). Nakawn Sritamarat. Songkla, Ban Pien, under 50 m., in scrub, Kerr 14816! Distr. Burma! Cambodia (ex F.I.C.) , Pen. Mat! Java! (type) Borneo! Local name: Lin Kwai ( ) , Siamese, Songkal. In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 396. H. Ridley. (4) H. diversifolia Bl. Bijdr. 1064; King l.c. 579. Long climbing. Leaves fleshy very thick broad elliptic or blunt ovate, base round; nerves 4 to 6 pairs (visible only when dry); 2 to 4 in. long, 1.5 to 2.5 in wide; petioles .25 to .75 in. long. Peduncles thick; pedicels .5 in long. Flowers greenish white with corona pink or all pink, .25 to .35 in. wide. Corolla velvety inside, lobes ovate blunt. Corona lower lobes oval blunt. Pollinies sub linar.6 in. long, .75 in. roundish. Herb common often draping trees especially near the sea. Singapore, Jurong, Serangoen, Kranji, Johor, Seudai River; Kukub. Malacca, Tanjong Kling. Pahang, Pekan, Sungei Jelai (Machado) Negri Seminulan, Bukit Sulu (Cantlev). Perak, Kwala Kangsa. Province Welleslev, Bata Kawan, Penang, Pulau Betong. Waterfall Curtis. Kedah, Alor Stat Gunong Geriang river bank. Distrib. Bunn a, Java. Native names: Akar Sesudu Bukit, Akar Chapang Kra. In Illustrated Guide to Tropical Plants (1960) 661. Hoya diversifolia Bl. Large climber, white latex. Leaf 5 — 14 cm long, fleshy, thick. Flower 9 — 14 mm wide, pink to reddish violet. Pods 1 3 cm long. In Flora of Java 4 (1965) 269. (Key). 12 a. Leaves with a very obtuse-broadly rounded emarginate, rarely shortly narrow top, nearly always with minute broadly triangular apical cusp, broadly oval or obovate-oblong, with distinct midrib and very obscure nerves, glabrous, with 1 — 2 very thick trichomes, fleshy, coriaceous when dry, 5 — 14 cm, by 3 — 5 cm; petiole thick, glabrous % — 1 'A cm; stem glabrous. Peduncle thick, glabrous, 2 A — 4 cm long; rachis producing at intervals groups of flowers; pedicels glabrous 1 A — 2 cm, much thickened under the fruit; adult flower-buds flat; calyx segments oval, obtuse, ciliate, 2 — 2 A mm long; corolla 9 — 14 mm diam., shallowly lobed; lobes acute, or seemingly obtuse because of the recurved top, outside pale, glabrous inside tinged with violet, and densely appressed white-hairy especially along the margins; corona-angle, concave and with a subcentral knob above; apical membrane of anthers exceeding the conical top of the stigma; pollinia oblong, pellucid- margined; follicles lanceolate, rather obtuse, glabrous, c. 13 cm long; seed c. A cm long; coma c. 3 cm. Not rarely terrestrial and rather high-climbing, mostly however epiphytic. 1.00 — 4.00; I — XII; W.C.E., Bawean. Mad.; 1 — 400; Campong and road side trees, open forest (? H. crassipes Turcz., — H. zollingeriana Miq.) H. diversifolia Bl. In Journal of the Royal Horticulture Society (1973). A. J. Wills. H. diversifolia. A strong grower. 148 In Malayan Wildflowers (1974) 298. M. R. Henderson. Leaves not hairy, flowers smaller. Leaves very thick, usually rounded at tip and base, petals usually blunt, the processes from the stamen column rounded 4. diversifolia 4. H. diversifolia (oval-leaved Hoya). Fig. 282. Stem smooth, leaves very thick, usually elliptic in outline, sometimes oval, tip rounded, or with a broad, short point, base rounded, from about 2 in. x 1 in., or sometimes smaller, to about 1 ‘A to 2 14 in. leafstalks from very short to nearly 1 in. long; inflorescence stalks thick, reaching about 2 in. long, the thickened , rough end from which the flowers arise lengthening to about 1 14 in., flowers rather small, 1/3 -2/5 in. wide, on stalks about l4> in. long, corolla velvety hairy inside, pinkish, sometimes greenish, the flat, blunt, spoon shaped processes from the stamen column deeper pink, or purplish; fruit pods long and slender, up to 5-6 in long, plume of seeds 1 14-2 in long. Common on trees near the sea, sometimes on inland river banks. 1'V AU. A, If I'.rt, a ml I lower iji Dec view ,,{ !to\ vi < , D, k*[ . and llmvtir in her vifiv 'it Huy.i tviltyi. In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 518-519. Rintz. 240 Hoya diversifolia Rlume, Bijdr. (1826) 1064. *Type: Java, Blume — Fig. 29. Distinguishing features: Stem stout. Leaves fleshy, elliptical-ovate with cuneate basis, obtuse apically; c. 13 cm long by 5 cm wide; veins not visible. Peduncle horizontal, rigid, 3 — 5 cm long. Umbel negative- geotropic, convex with rigid, uniform pedicels c. 2 cm long; 1 — 20 flowers. Corolla spreading, densely pubescent inside; c. 1.3 cm diam; pink. Corona lower lobe flat; both lobes pink. Follicles c. 14 cm long by 6 mm diam. Ecology: throughout the peninsula in lowland forests; common on limestone hills along the coasts, occasionally mixed and easily confused with H. parasitica when not in bloom. Distribution: Thailand, Indo China, Sumatra, Borneo, Java. *Type is Fig. 2 (Rumphia Herb, Amb. V. 175). 149 29. Hoya ditmifolia Bl. a) habit; b) flower In lop view; c) fiowc in side view; d) corona, top view; c) coroni, bottom view; f) flower m median section; g) rwyt-pollinia. From b living pliant. Fig. 29: Drawing by Dr. Rintz. Note that the leaf bases are eding whereas most are obtuse, which makes me wonder about leaf variations in this species? Leaves here look more like those of H. ridleyi. 150 In Asklepios 33 (1985) 62-63. L. Wood. Hoya diversifolia. Described as a beginners plant, one may find it easy to grow but there is a lesson to be learned from this plant as there is with all other Hoyas. I was excited at the sight of three large umbels appearing on Hoya diversifolia , one day in June of 1903. I began a constant watch so that I could get a photograph of the plant when it eventually flowered. On my visits to the greenhouse I noticed the buds getting larger all the time. One particular dinnertime on returning home from work, expecting to see my plant in flower, I suddenly became horrified when I noticed that at least one third of the buds had dropped on to the floor. Looking at the hygrometer (humidity meter) I saw that the humidity had dropped to thirty per cent. Realizing what had happened I immediately filled a large tray with water and a little gravel, and stood the pot on top of the gravel. Then I filled two large containers with water and stood these near the plant, after this I damped the floor with water and managed to get the humidity back up to fifty per cent. Twenty' four hours after, I was rewarded; the flowers had opened and filled the greenhouse with one of the sw eetest scents imaginable. Click click went the camera and the job was completed. Hoya diversifolia - largest leaf on my plant is approximately four and a half inches long and twro to two and a half inches wide. Leaf very fleshy, mid green on the top of the leaf and light green below it. Various leaf shapes appear on the plant at the same time. The umber was some two and a half inches in diameter and consisted of thirty one flowers. The corolla is approximately a half inch across and is slightly off white in colour, the corona is about a quarter of an inch across and described as rose coloured by one grower, and drips nectar which stains the corolla and causes different colours to show, from tawny yellow to pink. In conclusion may I say that although Hoya diversifolia may be a beginner plant, it is certainly not one to be missed. Keep the humidity up above fifty per cent and your Hoyas will grow and flower well. Have you caught the Hoya bug yet? In The Asclepiadaceous Works of Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (1992) 30. A. Nicholas. H. diversifolia Blume - 32. In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 86 “The Genus Hoya in Thailand'’ O. Thaithong. H. diversifolia Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1064. FBI 4 (1883) 61; FMP 2 (1923) 396; Malay. Wild FI. Dicot. (1959) 298, Fig. 282; Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 517, Fig. 29. Occurrence: (PEN) Surat Thani, Chuphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Puket, Songkhla, Ranong (SW) Pachuab Kiri Khan (SE) Chon Buri. 151 Mouo tTwe^siVotia y lurc^. CVaiJ bt| Tii 1 0 Klg^nen biA CC| Nov. 1^81 Jfrom ive V\\cvVeao\ Co\tacA«c\ |f^l Socpc ioc4,© Scanned Drawing by Dale Kloppenburg As Indicated 152 Flower of above drawing in Fresno, CA, 1987 collected at the Bogor Botanical Garden in 1981. Calyx top view measurements in drawing above 153 Top view of the corona. Two more photos of the corona top view. 154 Pollinarium enlarged about 165X. In 1987 I did not make detailed measurements as I now do. Compare the general features with other H. diversifolia specimens from other locations. The next set of pictures are from a collection made in 1981 in Malaya. Calyx top view, nearly identical to the one from Bogor Botanical Garden 1981 collection. 155 Top view of the corona. In the cline of this species the outer corona lobe apex vary. Some are more obtuse than others. In addition the central dorsal umbos are of differing shapes. Bottom view of a coronal scale. Variations in the bottom channels are in the extent of the channel and the way in which the sides of the scale extend toward the outer apex. This difference determines the extent of the channel and thus the amount of the outer scale apex left free of the channel. The inner lobes are channeled below, a detail I did not observe until the photographs of the Kim Yap material was examined in 2003. 156 Hoya diversifolia from Pulau Aur, Johor collected by Kim F. Yap on June 1997. Photo sent by Kim Yap, Singapore 157 Collected by Ang Wei Jen from Raintree February 2002 photo sent via Kim F. Yap, Singapore 158 Photomicrographs and data from flowers sent via Kim Yap, Singapore. Side view of the pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 16X. Pedicel: is terete, glabrous, 1.6 cm. long and 0.13 cm. in diameter. Calyx: is obtuse, ovate, ciliate & with slightly irregular margins, inside crystalline about V2 overlapped at the base, outside with scattered (few) long hair cells pointing apically, they do not reach the sinuses of the corolla. Narrow short ligules are present (difficult to see). Apex to center 0.31 cm.; apex to base 0.20 cm.: widest near base 0.23 cm. Ovaries: very short, domed 0.10 cm. tall and 0.15 cm. wide ate the base pair. Top view of the calyx showing the overlap of the sepals and the ciliate edges. 159 Top views of the corona and inner corolla enlarged about 16X. Corolla: Outside finely granulose crystalline with the edges rolled under sinuses and apex also. Inside pubescent, longer and more stellate under the coronal lobes and extending toward the sinuses. Sinus - center Sinus - apex Sinus - sinus Apex - center Widest 0.45 cm. 0.54 cm. 0.53 cm. 0.62 cm. 0.55 cm. Corona : dorsal surface concave with an umbo at base of inner lobe, surface finely sulcate, outer apex rounded, shortly apiculate, inner lobe tapering rounded not touching in center but overtopping the anther apices. Corona lower surface view, channeled shortly in the central region of the scale with the sides diagonally sulcate. Apical area not channeled by the side lobe curved extensions. Apex - apex 0.30 cm. Apex - center 0.32 cm. Widest 0.18 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.10 cm. Ret. - center 0.10 cm. Aw. - aw. 0.22 cm. Aw.- center 0.20 cm. Center - sinus 0.45 cm. The corona has basal side lobes from the anther wings 3/4 way out toward the apex . The collar of the corolla is thin ca. 0.05 cm. tall. Anther wings are rounded at the outer apex, narrow and slightly protruding beyond the sinus. 160 Bottom view of a coronal lobe showing the unusual channeling of the underside if the inner lobe. Apical areas of inner and outer lobe on the under side not channeled. Sides of scale broadly formed. Side view of the coronal scale showing the thickness of the lobe and the inner lobe with the anther below. Anther wings are not deeply scythe shaped. Another view of the lower side of the coronal lobes showing the channeled inner and main portion of the scale along with the portion of the outer lobe where the side extensions do not extend to form the channel. The mealy looking lighter colored material is the portion of the staminal column to which the coronal scale is fused. 161 Stylar crown with the raised mealy central crown greatly enlarged. All but one coronal scale has been removed. Pollinarium enlarged approximately 165X. Pollinia length 0.62 mm. widest 0.22 mm. Retinaculum length shoulders waist hip extensions, Translators length 0.09 mm. depth 0.03 mm. Caudicle bulb 0.07mm. diam Outer apex of pollinia tapered inward. There seems to be some development from the shoulder area on the retinaculum, not usually seen on this structure. Dark arrow at top is 1mm. long and head lA mm. wide 0.22 mm. 0.12 mm. 0.08 mm. ca. 0.10 mm. unable to measure 162 Herbarium Sheets Hoya diversifolia Blume Penang, Pulau, Boetong 928 Curtis Hoya diversifolia Blume Perak 2718 Wray Hoya diversifolia Blume Perak 118 Scortechini Hoya diversifolia Blume Malacca 3787 Griffith Hoya diversifolia Blume Malacca 1130 Maingay (K.D.) Hoya diversifolia Blume Pahang, Pekan 1619 Ridley Hoya diversifolia Blume Singapore 1626 Ridley Hoya diversifolia Blume Singapore 2733 Ridley Hoya diversifolia Blume Burma, Prome 8151 Wallich Hoya diversifolia Blume Culion, Is. 585 Merrill Hoya diversifolia Blume Tjampea Beta 30712 ? Koorders Hoya diversifolia Blume Philip. Palawan 41931 Pancho (CAHUP) H. divers, as ambyolepis Philip. Palawan 4545 Curran ( B) Hoya diversifolia Blume Sumatra East Coast s.n. (A) Hoya diversifolia Blume Java 12678 Van Steenis (A,L) Hoya diversifolia Blume Java s.n. 1911 Backer Hoya diversifolia Blume Java 44083 Koorders (BO) Hoya diversifolia Blume 30844 1929 (BO) Hoya diversifolia Blume Java, Madoera 19307 (2) Backer (BO) Hoya diversifolia Blume Malaya s.n. ? (KLU) Hoya diversifolia Blume Malava j 218? (KLU) Hova diversifolia Blume •0 Malaya, Pulau, Jerkon 135 (KLU) Hoya diversifolia Blume Malaya, Kedah 118 Studenin (KLU) Hoya diversifolia Blume Malaya, Pulau, Tioman 11866 Ben Stone (KLU) Hoya diversifolia Blume Malaya Kualu, Salangor 282 1980 Anthony & (UPM) Hoya diversifolia Blume Singapore 1513 (SING) Hoya diversifolia Blume Singapore 739? (SING) 163 Hoya amblyolepis Schlechter, Unpublished, Type #4545 (B) r QRA, CF IME HWlLlF FrlHES. Vu Jkr& 164 Hoya diversifolia Blume, s.n. (A) 165 Hoya diversifolia Blume # 12678 166 Hoya diversifolia Blume s.n. (BO) HEIIaWUM mrcas 1 rfinHEl ap & rr M'-FtHi t It.MiT IJOT ^ ■VvJup. >'i L 1 . * / 7 ' U1 *f* ■*** 167 Hoya diversifolia Blume #44083 ? (BO) 168 «■ Hoya diversifolia Blume # 30844 (BO) 169 170 Hoya diversifolia Blume # 19307 (BO) 171 Hoya diversifolia Blume s.n. (KLU) 172 Hoya diversifolia Blume # 218 ? (KLU) 173 Hoya diversifolia Blume # 135 (KLU) This might be H. ridleyi ? 174 Hoya diversifolia Blume #118 (KLU) 175 Hoya diversifolia Blume # 11866 (KLU) 176 Hoya diversifolia Blume # 282 (UPM) 1 ROra or maiava 177 178 £ Hoya diversifolia Blume #739 ? (SING) 4 f "*S ■ - / T ^ . 179 Hoya elliptica Hooker f. 1883 Type Description: In The Flora of British India 4 (1883) 58. J. D. Hooker. 27. H. elliptica, Hook, f.; glabrous, leaves 1 !4 - 2 14 in. elliptic obtuse et both ends thin in texture nerves very prominent, peduncle very short, pedicels long slender, sepals very small, corolla glabrous without puberulous within. Malacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1137). Stem rather slender, twining. Leaves 1- 1 14 in. intramarginal nerve very distinct; petiole 1/6- 14 in. Peduncles 14 in., pedicels 1-1 14 in. Sepals ovate, obtuse puberulous. “Corolla white.” Maingay; lobes obcordate, apiculate, inflexed (when dry). Coronal-processes longer than the corolla-tube, suberect, laterally subcompressed, ovate-oblong, upper (inner) surface channeled, inner angle produced into a short subulate erect point. Other Literature: In The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 74 (1908). King & Gamble. 6. Hoya elliptica. Hook. f. in FT Br. Ind. IV. 58 (1833). A lender twining undershrub; branch lets pale, terete, glabrous, leaves fleshy (?) when fresh, chartaceous: when dry; elliptic, obtuse both at apex and base; glabrous on both surfaces and pale, especially beneath; margin hardened, nerve-like, slightly recurved ; .15 to 2.5 in. long, 1 to -1.5 in. broad; nerves prominent when dry; midrib slender, main nerves nearly at right angles to the midrib, irregular, 8 to 10 pairs, straight to join a prominent intramarginal looped nerve at 1 to 15 in. from the edge, the said intramarginal nerve connected by many cross-nerves with the hardened marginal nerve; reticulations netted; petiole .15 to .25 in. in. long, Battened. Umbels racemose, about 8- to 10-flowered, on a short tubercular rachis at the end of a thickened pink peduncle reaching 1 in. in length; pedicels slender, 1 to 1.5 in. long, puberulous; buds 25 in. long, 5-angled, the incurved-valvate corolla-lobes forming a central con-cavity; Bowers “white" (Maingay), nearly black when dry. Calyx puberulous, pale pink; tube very short; lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse, .05 in. long; scales minute. Corolla 5 in. broad when open, glabrous without, sparingly pilose within; lobes obcordate, apiculate, inflexed (when dry). Corona of 5 processes; the lower and large lobes suberect, laterally compressed, bladder-like (the interior of the cavity delicately hairy), ovate, slightly apiculate; the upper short, flattened, slightly recurved, oppressed to and covering the anther. Staminal-column attached to the base of the corolla-tube; anthers short, much inflexed so as to lie nearly horizontal; cells parallel above, divergent and except below; appendages scarious, acute; pollen-masses oblong-falcate, pellucid on the outer margin, nearly horizontal, attached by thickened caudicles to the rather large elongate pollen-carriers which are obtuse above and 2 winged below. Style-apex 5-angled, fattened, with; a short central umbo having 5 divergent rays to the angles. Fruit not known. Perak: Scortechini. Malacca; Maingay (KD.) 1137. 180 Lower lobes beaked; upper lobes short, acute, stems slender; leaves thin, under 4 in. long 6. H. elliptica. In Flora of the Malaya Peninsula 2 (1901) 394. H. Ridley. (18) H. elliptica Hook. fll. F.B.l. iv. 58; King, l.c. 565. Slender twiner. Leaves chartaceous when dry, elliptic blunt both ends; nerves 8 to 10 pairs, horizontal joining and intramarginal nerve; 1.5 to 2.5 in. long, 1 to 1.5 in. wide; petioles .15 to 1.25 in. long. Peduncles pink, thick, 1 in. long, rachis short; pedicels slender, 1 to 1.5 in. long. Calyx puberulous. pink, lobes ovate-oblong, blunt. Corolla .5 on. across, pilose inside white,, lobes obcordate apiculate. Corona, lower lobes sub-erect, bladder-like ovate; upper lobes short, covering anthers. Hab. Malacca (Maingay). Perak (Scortechini). A rare and very little known plant. Flowers small; corona lobes beaked; leaves elliptic with horizontal nerves meeting and intramarginal (18) H. elliptica In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 505-508. Rintz. 70 Hoya elliptica Hooker, F.B.L IV (1883) 58. Type: Malaysia, Melaka, Maingay 3286 (K), - Fig. 21. Distinguishing Features: Leaves fleshy, elliptic and very flat with the veins at nearly right angles to the midrib; up to 10cm long by 1.4cm wide. Peduncle horizontal, rigid, 4 — 5cm long; pink. Umbel negative-geotropic, convex with rigid, uniform, pink-colored pedicels 3 — 4cm long; 1 — 30 flowers, open 4 days and strongly scented at night. Corolla spreading, pubescent inside; 1.5 — 2 cm diam.; white. Corona lower lobe inflated and thin horizontally with a narrow ridge at the apex and a large gland inside; entirely white. Pollinia with angled wings and a very large corpuscle. Follicle 15 — 20cm long by 5mm diam.; often pale pink in color. Ecology: Endemic to Malaysia: common along rivers in Selangor and also known from Melaka, Perak and Kranji, Singapore. The roots are often associated with ant nests on the surface of trees. Note: We have been unable to find any other references to this species being found in Singapore. 181 In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 87 “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. 5. H. elliptica Hook, f., FBI 4 (1883) 5*, FMP 2 (1923) 399; Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978), 505, 508, Fig. 21. Occurrence: (PEN): Narathiwat. * Note: page citation incorrect should be 58-59. Photomicrographs from flowers sent to me from Thailand by Chanin Thorut in 1992. Photos June 20, 1992. Top view of a flower enlarged about 16X. This flower was slightly deformed. Here only two coronal scales are shown, rather narrow and sharply keeled down the back dorsal side). The outer apex exceeds the (deeply cut) corolla sinus and the inner lobe reaches the center. The outer lobe rises sharply and descends toward the inner apical area. The corolla outside is glabrous whereas the inner surface is thickly pubescent especially the apical areas. The corolla is reflexed. Here as the flower is mature the lobes of the corolla turn inward. 183 Top (inside) view of the corolla enlarged about 16X. Glabrous on the outside as seen on the inflexed corolla lobes, inside densely pubescent. The corolla is deeply cut and this flower is rather large. A skewed view of the lower side of the corona enlarged about 16X.There is a rather prominent column, which is fairly thin, round. The outer scale lobes are channeled below to deeply inside the sinus area and the remainder of the space to the column is 184 covered with long stellate hairs pointing outward form the center. These outer scales are pointed upward. The anther groove here has dried a little and split open on the upper right center. Top vier of the stylar crown with the scales and the anthers pulled back or removed enlarged about 16X. This style apex is the most elaborately structured of all the hoyas I have examined. It is readily apparent why so many taxonomists of the past took this structure to be a central stigma. 185 This is a view of the stylar crown enlarged about 48X. Note its elaborate structure. There are two pollinaria showing (actually only the pollinarium) which has become dislodged in removing the coronal scales. Why such a elaborate structure I do not know, (its use or function or evolutionary significance). I failed to photograph or record anything of the calyx or pedicel (maybe they were not sent to me. 186 Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. The outer lobe is very upright channeled on the outside (normally the lower side of the scale) and keeled above. The inner lobe is spatulate and the keel extends to its apex. The anther is attached below. Anther appendages below have considerable depth, indented in the end but otherwise relatively thin. One pollinia remains attached with here a long retinaculum. Pollinarium enlarged about 65X. In one instance the retinaculum had this very long extension, as if extraneous material was secreted. The widened shoulders on the lower outside portion of the pollinia is typical of a few hoya species among them Hoya australis R. Brown and Hoya lobii Hooker. The pellucid edge flares out above the enlarged vacuole area and does not extend on down the side of the pollinia. I believe the retinaculum has turned on its axis and that the translators and caudicles are attached well down on the structure. 187 I wanted to show the complexity of this species even in the reproductive parts. Here a portion of the pollinarium is enlarged about 165X and shows the elaborate caudicles, usually clear but here differentiated and supported by a rather narrow (at least edgewise) translator arm which appears to be very rigid. The retinaculum of this species I believe flips on its axis when removed. I think it has a relatively long narrow head and a bulbous bottom with the translators and caudicles attached well down. It should be examined more closely while still attached to the pentagonal stylar table and the pollinia in their anther pockets to understand its true nature. Note Rintz's drawing. 188 One more picture of another pollinarium enlarged about 65X showing the attachment to the retinaculum of the translators and caudicles. I have a 165X photo of this same structure available. It is interesting to note how the apex of the pollinia are inserted as if making a ball and socket joint. The retinaculum here is unusual and it is difficult to tell if it has turned on its axis or just unusually shaped. Critical Measurements: Corolla: Outer surface glabrous, inside pubescent especially the apical areas of the lobes, Corolla reflexed with apices of lobes revolute. Corolla thick and large. Sinus to sinus Sinus to center Sinus to apex Apex to center Widest 0.40 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.64 cm. 1.05 cm. flattened so the diameter is 2.10 cm. 0.55 cm. near the apex of the lobe, tapering inward to the sinus area. Corona: outer lobes vertically raised above the inner spatulate short inner lobe, which meet in the center covering the anthers. Outer lobe channeled tightly below, thick through the center, top of scale is keeled all the way. Stylar crown ornate and unusual. 189 Apex to apex 0.42 cm. Scale height 0.45 cm. From apex of inner lobe to base of scale. Apex to anther wing 0.34 cm. Scale depth 0.30 cm. from scale back to base. Pollinarium: some similarities to Hoya australis and Hoya cumingiana as far as the outer clear winged formation on the outside of lower part of the pollinium. Pollinium length widest Translator length depth Caudicle bulb diameter oval ca. 0.15 mm. opaque. 1.07 mm. 0.34 cm. yellow 0.32 mm. 0.04 mm. opaque Herbarium Sheets Floya elliptica Hooker Malaysia, Malacca Type 3286 1883 Maingay (K) Hoya elliptica Hooker Malacca 1137 1883 Maingay Hoya elliptica Hooker Malaya SangaiBatu 500' 93 1976 Rintz (UPM) Hoya elliptica Hooker MaklayaSangaiBatu 650' 60 1976 Rintz (UPM) Hoya elliptica Hooker Malava a/ 101 1976 Rintz (UPM) Hoya elliptica Hooker Malaya , Sungai, Batu 100 1976 Rintz 190 Hoya elliptica Hooker #100 (UPM) FLU HA OF MALAY A ******** r^iiiJ|a /I fl * fx^P’-Ttah ■/'■■XA C ^*W a11 ■, j, '"7"* " “-^pr* rr ■ e^j 6 sri'v mt H^ll'Cl .4 ’. | All 4" ■ r ppi i flMHi r/“'frZy 4 m +~ A — *— 9-M&-T f. i " pr ifm ■ 1*PM C=t ft "to- " * *’ ^ •* 191 Hoya elliptica Hooker# 93 (UPM) i FLORA OF MALAY A • ? ** ■ "V lilll .'jr. U,.,, FamJ^ *J * i i . j ^ m a - fejjUILg **■"}■*. * i'i ■ r f-T A LcHidJiir Tl ev4_,^ hMii>r#| ■ / •4 'P-tt ^ ^ All * i 1 Nhlipp *rt*?*m M ,.j.. "*1*J *n I-* aij, H £■0*. 1 ChF". tfj* Lp, t f .'i- f-l 4>4' * Hoya elliptica Hooker # 60 (UPM) OF MALAY) i^i ■ y i An.!# p I J- r-i J- £ * 4C "'■'7 ♦ " fl I* ;HJ l-JTf. 193 Hoya endauensis Kiew 1989 Type description: In The Malayan Nature Journal 42 (1989) 262-265. R. Kiew. Hoya endauensis sp. nov. Hoya endauensis is presently known only from tributaries of the Ulu Endau, where it grows on trees on river banks. This new species adds to the growing list of endemics recorded from the Ulu Endau (Kiew et al., 1987), which is in the process of being gazetted as a state park. Foliis glabris ovatis-cordatis apicibus acutis 2 ad 2.5 cm longis et 2 ad 2.5 cm latis a congeneribus Peninsulae Malaysiae divisa. Typus: R. Kiew RK2746 (UPM) Sg, Jasin, Johore. Glabrous epiphyte climbing with a thin stem (1.5 mm thick in dried state (with internodes 6-9 cm long. Stem with climbing roots at the nodes and a more expansive root system developing below the leaves, Leaf ± sessile. Lamina ovate-cordate, humped with margines appressed to bark of supporting tree, 2.2 cm -2.5 by 2.5 cm, apex acute, in life succulent (not tough), plane above and venation obscure in life, 3 pairs of veins just visible in dried state, in life pale yellow-green above and below, upper surface sometimes spotted orange (by algae), margin not thickened. Inflorescence a pendant, axillary, sparsely-flowered corymb. Peduncle 23-45 mm long and 1 mm thick in dried state, distal part (2-7 mm long) covered by fruit scars. Pedicels very slender, 5-8 mm long. Flower buds pendant, 4 mm across, pale green suffused purple-red towards the base. Calyx pale green, glabrous, lobes oblong, 1 by 1 mm, apex rounded, pustulate on outer surface. Corolla glabrous on inner and outer surfaces, 4 mm across; lobes triangular, 2.5 by 2.5 mm. apex acute. Corona 3 mm across apex of upper lobes upturned and acute, lower lobes sloping down from and projected beyond upper lobes. Caudicles and pollinia broadly winged, 1 mm long. Ovary ovoid, 1 mm long. Fruit unknown. Ecology: It is an epiphytic climber growing in partial shade on trees on river banks at c. 75 m a.s.l. Distribution: Endemic to Ulu Endau, Johor, Malaysia. Specimens examined: Johore, Ulu Endau: Sg. Salat- 3 July 1985 R. Kiew s.n. (UMP). 2 June 19898 R. Kiew RK2746 (UPM). In vegetative characters it most resembles H . curtisii K & G., which is also a slender climber, but which has small (13 by 13 mm), orbicular leaves, which are apiculate. It also differs from H. curtisii in indumentum (77. curtisii is hirsute) and inflorescence characters (Inflorescence of H. curtisii have peduncles to 5 mm longer are sessile); Kiew, 1987. In reproductive characters H. enduensis is most similar to H. lacunosa Bl. in its pendant, stalked inflorescence, in the shape of the corona, which has downward sloping lower lobes, and in the broadly winged caudicles (illustrated by Rintz, 1978). However H. enduensis is different in having glabrous corolla; that of H. lacunosa has inner surfaces covered by long, thick hairs. The leaves of H. lacunosa are also different. Usually they are longer than broad (2.5 - 3.5 by 1.5 - 2.5 cm) and have a thickened margine. In addition H. enduensis has smaller flowers (the corolla is 4 mm in diameter) than either H. curtisii (7mm) or H. lacunosa (8mm). 194 Translation: Leaves glabrous ovate-cordate apiculate acute 2 to 2.5 cm, long and 2 to 2.5 cm, wide , diverse from peninsula Malaysia cogenerics. A photo of Hoya endauensis Kew foliage taken by Ted Green. 195 Hoya erythrina Rintz 1978 Type description: In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 501. R. L. Rintz. 13) Hoya erythrina Rintz, sp. nov.* Type: Malaysia, Pahang, Sungai Teranum, Rintz 117 (L). Fig. 17. Distinguishing Features: Stems slender, deep red when young. Leaves coriaceous-fleshy, oblong with strongly corrugate margins and shallowly cordate basis; up to 15 cm long by 5 cm wide; 5-7 veined with a pair of veins parallel to the midrib glossy green or dull red above, red below. Peduncles reflexed, rigid, c. 2 cm long. Umbel positively-geotropic, convex with flexuous, uniform pedicels 2- 2.5 cm long; 1-8 flowers, open 4 days. Corolla lobes spreading, pubescent inside; c. 1.3 cm. diain; pale orange. Corona clear white. Pollinia and corpuscle narrow. Follicle c. 10 cm. long by 3 mm diam. Ecology: Endemic to Malaya, in hill forests in Pahang and Selangor from 400-700 m and at Bertarn, Ulu Kelantan; common but not abundant along rivers on both sides of The Gap. Hoya erythrina Rintz, sp. nov., caulibus angustis, rubris in statu j uni ori bus; foliis carnoso-coriaceis, oblongis, marginibus corrugatis, basi lente cordato, supra viridibus vel rubris, infra rubris 5-7 venatis; pedunculo reflexo rigido, umbello convexo, pedicellis 1 - 8; lobis corollae patentibus intus pubescentibus albo-aurantiaceis, corona albo; pollinia angusti; folliculis ad 10 cm longis, 3 mm latis. Typus: Rintz 117 (Pahang), Sg. Teranum 600 m. alt. 25 -9 -1976 (L!). Also in Selangor, Kelantan. Translation: stems narrow, deep red when young; leaves thick leathery oblong, margines corrugate, base shallowly cordate, above deep green or red, below red with 5-6 veins, peduncle reflexed, rigid, umbel convex, pedicels 1-8; lobes of the corolla spreading, inside pubescent whitish-orange, corona white, pollinia narrow; follicles to 10 cm. long, 3 mm. wide. Other literature: In Hoya Handbook (1992) 69. D. Kloppenburg & A. Wayman. Hoya erythrina Rintz. Why this beautiful hoya escaped notice in the hill forests of Malaya until Dr. R. L. Rintz described it in 1978 is a real mystery. It is so outstandingly unusual and attractive it could not have been easily overlooked. It must be that it is fairly rare in nature in the forests of Pahang and Selangor (areas similar to US counties, geographical divisions) where it is found at 400-700 m in altitude. It is said to be common but not abundant along rivers in the areas. This plant is very slow to start growth but with time it will become established and then put on rapid growth. It loves to twine and climb often with long, at first, leafless stems. As leaves develop they are usually deep shades of green and bronze, maturing into rather rigid deep green long undulant leaves with even deeper green venation. The 196 undersides of these leaves is a rich dull maroon to pink, The foliage is very distinctive and beautiful often splotched or marked on the surface with pink markings. You will want to grow this one for the foliage alone! The pendant flower clusters are formed of convex umbels of buttery yellow flowers fussy on the part of the upper curved surface, this is set off with a slightly lighter pagoda shaped center. There is a warm undertone to the yellowish petals. The tip and the edges of the petals are turned under giving a squared off shape to the flowers. This is a plant that most collectors will find very attractive, unique and desirable. Although it is a little slow to start it is one that is worth cultivating and being patient with. I think this is one hoya that should not be over-potted nor over-watered. It might be that it will like more light than most hoyas and probably good humidity, since it grows along streams where there is ample light. In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 87. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. 7. H. cf. erythrina Rintz, Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 501, Fig. 17. Occurrence: (PEN): Narathiwat. Notes: The material from Thailand has broader coronal scales than those from Malaysia. Picture by Ann Wayman, Central Point, Oregon. 197 17, rrp±Tw Rju ^ b) tni t, e} fewer P CBf Tkw. A} fl*«w « lie*; c) n*W* K wiw prtkMi 0 f*^-y<*** FroP fMn XX *. rbr typ*. K. L. Rintz, MALAGAS' JIRTURE .JOLTRNAL, Vo 1 . 30 k #S/4 Eept, 1 &73 ■ ■ paqe =j-'2 Herbarium Sheets Hoya erythrina Rintz Malaysia, Pahang Type 117 1978 Rintz (L) 198 Photomicrographs of flowers sent to me by Jerry Williams 9/26/95 and Ted Green 7/14/89. Side view of the pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 8X. The pedicel is rough (silicate), glabrous, filamentous, green ca. 2 cm. long and 0.08 cm. in diameter. The calyx is glabrous, granulose outside, with a rough edge, membranous 0.46 cm. in diameter. Sepals are 0.21 cm. and 0.13 cm. at widest portion; they are narrowly triangular with an acute apex. One large ligule at the base of each sinus, they are large and pronounced. Top view of the calyx enlarged about 8X, description and measurements above. Top view of the corona and corolla enlarged about 8X. The coronal lobes exceed the corolla sinuses, The corolla is glabrous outside and pubescent inside, made up of short ciliate cells. The corolla lobes are rolled under; it is cut about 3/4 the way to the center. 199 Top (left) and bottom (right) views of the corona enlarged about 8X. The inner lobes are dentate and do not reach the center so the anthers are exposed. The center is raised, the dorsal is domed and somewhat keeled, tapering outward to an acute angle and the apical area is raised. There are narrow side lobes which places it is the subsection Angusticarinata Kloppenburg. Below it is channeled to opposite the sinuses, the surfaces are finely sulcate all over. Anthers are long. Apex to apex 0.30 cm. Center to apex 0.35 cm. Widest 0.15 cm. Ret. to ret. 0.10 cm. Ret. to Center 0.09 cm. Aw. to aw. 0.16cm. Aw. to ret. 0.07 cm. Side view of an individual scale enlarged about 8X. Inner lobe is raised dorsal is swayed and the outer lobe is raised. The rudimentary (narrow) side lobes are visible about in the middle of the profile, they do not reach the outer apex. 200 The pollinarium enlarged about 165X. This is a fairly large structure. Outer apices are rounded and taper slightly to the inner apex. The pellucid margine is relatively thick and narrows abruptly near the base, this is usually the point where a small orifice is found which supposedly allows nectar to enter and germinates the pollen cells. The translatore are deep and broad whereas the clear caudicles are almost hidden. The retinaculum is very long and narrow with a long distance between the shoulders and the hips. The extensions are not well separated and appear rather long. Pollinia 0.57 mm. long; 0.18 mm. widest. Translators ca. 0.09 mm. long; 0.04 mm. at widest portion. Caudicle bulb ca. 0.06 mm. in diam. Retinaculum shoulders waist hip 0.30 mm. long including extensions. 0.8 mm. wide; 0.4 mm wide, 0.9 mm. wide. 201 Hoya erythrostemma Kerr 1939 In Kew Bulletin (1939) 460. (Siam) A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya erythrostemma Kerr (Asclepiadaceae-Marsdenieae); species H. ellipticae Hook. f. affinis, foliis majoribus acuminatis, corolla villosa, inter alia, differt. Frutex volubilis; rami subquadrati, sat gracilis, dispersim radicantes. Folia elliptica, basi acuta, apice leviter acuminata acuta, usque 10 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata, siccitate papyracea, glabra, costa cum nervis lateribus et transversis utrinque pagina praecipue supra prominulis, nervis lateral ibus 5-6 paribus e costa angulo 60° abeuntibus et nervo marginal i a margine 3-6 mm. distante conjunctis; petiolus sat robustus, glaber, 3- 6 mm. longus, supra angustissime canaliculatus. Inflorescentia lateralis, umbellata; pedunculus glabra circiter 14 mm. longus; pedicelli graciles, explanati circiter 10 mm. diametro. Calyx 5-partitus; lobi ovati, acuti, glabri, margine minute erosi, 1.5 mm. longa. Corolla 5-lobatus, subrotata sub anthesin rellexa, supra praecipue ad marginem et lobos sat longe villosa; tubus explanatus, circiter 2 mm. longus; lobi late ovati, breviter acuminati, circiter 3 mm. longi, 5 mm. lati. Coronae segmenta cartilaginea, nitentia, lateraliter valde compressa, 3 mm. longa, basi 1.75 mm. alta, apice exteriore acuta, apice interiore antheris paulo breviora. Stigmatis caput umbelliforme, apice umbonatum. Folliculi desunt. Tasan, Kloss, 6909. Parkinson 1680, from Thebyu Chaung, South Tenasserim, also belongs here. It differs from the type in its * longer petioles, which are up to 2 cm. in length. * Petiole length is distinctly related to day length, hours of light and intensity. Translation; H. erythrostemma Kerr (Asclepiadaceae-Marsdenieae) species near H. elliptica Hooker, leaves larger acuminate, corolla velvety, among other differences. Twining shrub, stems somewhat square, moderately slender, with dispersed rootlets. Leaves elliptic, base acute, apex mildly acuminate, up to 10 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, when dry papery, glabrous, midrib with the lateral and transverse nerves on both sides especially above, lateral nerves 5-6 pairs at 60° from the midrib joining the marginal nerves 3-6 mm. from the margines; petioles moderately robust, glabrous, 3-6 mm. long, above narrowly wedge shaped. Inflorescence lateral, umbellate; peduncles glabrous, about 14 mm. long; pedicels slender, glabrous, 12-14 mm. long. Flowers white, corona dull red (from Kloss), flattened about 10 mm. in diameter. Calyx 5 parted; lobs ovate, acute, glabrous, margines minutely eroded, 1.5 mm. long. Corolla 5 lobed, somewhat rotate, below on opening reflexed, above with long velvet mainly at the margines and lobes, tube flattened about 2 mm. long; Segments of the corona horny, shinny, laterally very compressed, 3 mm. base 1.75 mm. tall, exterior apex acute, interior apex a little short of the anthers. Stigma head umbel shaped, apex domed. Follicles not seen. Note: Two numbers listed so I hereby designate the first number as the Holotype. In Florae Siamensis Enumeratio (1951) 36. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya erythrostemma Kerr in Kew Bull. 1939, 460. Surat. Chumpawn, Tasan, Kloss 6909 202 (type!) Distr. S. Tenasserim (Parkinson 1680!). A species distinguished from its congeners by its laterally compressed corona segments, villous corolla and relatively short corolla lobes. Note: Here Kerr designated Koss 6909 as the Holotype. In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 507-509. R. L. Rintz. 18) Hoya erythrostemma Kerr, Kew Bull. (1939) 460, Type: Thailand, Surat, Chumpawn, Tasan, Kloss 6909 (K), - Fig. 22. Distinguishing Features: Leaves fleshy, elliptical with cuneate bases; 8-9 cm long by 2.5-3 cm wide; the leaves resemble those of H. parasitica but are not so thick and the veins are readily visible. Peduncle horizontal, rigid, 3-4 cm long. Umbel negatively-geotropic, convex with rigid, uniform pedicels c. 2 mm long; 1-30 flowers, open 4 days. Corolla spreading, pubescent inside; c. 1 cm diam; white. Corona lower lobe inflated and very thin horizontally; upper lobe deep red, lower lobe white. Corpuscle oval. Follicle c. 14 cm buy 4 mm diam. Ecology: Endemic to Malaysia and S. Thailand: very common along lowland rivers in Selangor, often draping the trees in the manner of H. parasitica . In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 88. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand'1 O. Thaithong. 8. H. erythrostemma Kerr, Kew Bull. (1939) 460-461. FI. Siam. Enum. 3(1) (1951) 36; Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 508. Fig. 22. Occurrence: (PEN): Chumphon, Nakhon Si Tharmmarat, Songkhla (SW): Prachuab Kiri Khan. Herbarium Sheets Hoya erythrostemma Kerr Tasan Type 6909 1939 Kloss Hoya erythrostemma Kerr Thebyu Chaung 1680 Parkenson 203 Fl£. 11 . Wwyii t'ry^T.'nfr-nmM Kerr, a) habit: b> Iruic. c > flower tn top view; dj flower m side view, ej flower in median sen ion, f} twin- poll inin From Ri*rtz 204 Hoya excavata Teijsmann & Binnendijk 1863 Type Description: In Natuurkunndie Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie 25 (1863) 406. J. E. Teijsmann & S. Binnendijk. 68. Hoya Excavata. H. volubilis glabra, foliis subcarnosis, ovato-oblongis, basi rotundatis, apice breviter apiculatis, sepalis ovatis, acutiusculis; corollae laciniis supra glandulosis, ovatis, acutis, ereetiusculis, marginibus retlexis; coron. stam. foliolis subrotundatis, inferne apiculata-attenuatis, supra excavatis, subtus sulcatis, stigmate apiculato. Hab. ins. Boeroe district, Okie. Archipelagi Moluccani, Teijsmann. Frutex alte scandens. Caulis teres, glaber, volubilis. Petioli firmi, glabri, 0.025 longi. Folia opposita, 0.15 longa 0.09 lata, ovato-oblonga, basi rotundata, vel obtusa, apice rotundata, breviter apiculata, subcarnosa, supra nitida, utrinque nervis 6, ad petiolum calloso-glandulosa Pedunculi petiolis fere aequilongi, nutantes, supeme crassiores, virides, glabri; flores in receptaculis brevissimis fasciculati. Pedicilli pedunculo duplo longiores, filiformes, virescente-albidi. Calyx parvus, 5-partitus, laciniis acutis, virescens, membranacens, ciliolatis. Corolla subcarnosa, 5 fida, albida, intus basi violacco-stellata, brevissime papillosa, laciniis ovatis, acutis, erecto-patentibus, vel apice reflexis; coronae stamineae foliola carnosa, cereacea, supra concava, in fando excavationis elevato-punctata, subtus marginibus revolutis, quasi fissura longitudinali excisa, angulum interius in dentem acutum, erectiusculum productum. Antherae sagittatae, membrana teimis. Pollinia basi per crura brevia affixa. Retinacula complicate deltoidea, stigma abbreviato-prismaticum. Ovaria duo. Uit den botanischen tuin te Utrecht, werd in 1848 eene plant ontvagen, met den naam H. cunninghami, die zoo nabij deze nieuvve soort komt, dat men ze in de bloemen voor eene en dezelfde soort zoude bouden. Het verschil is voornamelijk te vinden in de bladeren, zijude die van *H. Cunnighami dik, de nerven op de boven-en ondervlakte naauwelijks zigtbaar, 0.08 lang en 0.03 breed. Het receptaculum is gerekt en schubbig. De bloem is een vveinig kleiner en de reuk heeft eenige overeenkomst met Philadelphus coronarius , terwijl deze soort van Boeroe een sterken Vanilje reuk bezit. Translation: Hoya twining, glabrous, leaves somewhat fleshy, oval-oblong, base rounded, apex briefly apiculate, sepals oval, apexes briefly apiculate, sepals ovate, somewhat acute; lobe of the corolla glandular, ovate acute, somewhat erect, margines reflexed; leaflets of the staminal corona somewhat rounded, lower apicu late-attenuate, above excavated, below channeled, stigma apiculate. Habitat on the Island of Borneo, Okie district, Molucca archipelago, Teijsmann. A high climbing scrub, stems round, glabrous, twining. Petiole firm, glabrous, 0.025 long. Teaves opposite 0.15 long 0.09 wide, ovate-oblong, base rounded, or obtuse, apexes 205 rounded, briefly aciculate, somewhat fleshy, above shinny, both sides with 6 nerves, with the petiole callous-glandulous. Peduncle petioles nearly equal long, nodding extra fleshy green, glabrous; flowers from briefly fascilated receptacles. Pedicels are twice as long, filiform, becoming greenish-white. Calyx small, of 5 parts, lobes acute, greenish membranaceous ciliate. Corolla somewhat fleshy, 5 lobed, whitish, inside near the base with bluish white hairs, shortly papillose, lobes ovate, acute, spreading upright, or with the apex reflexed; leaflets of the staminal corona fleshy, leathery, concave above, with the base excavated elevated and punctate, margins below revolute, as if cut with a longitudinal fissure, internal angle with a acute tooth, erectly produced. Anthers arrow- shaped, a thin membrane. Pollinia affixed at the base portion. Retinacula complicated, deltoid, stigma abbreviated Prism-shaped. Ovaries 2. A plant was received from the Botanical Garden in Utrecht in 1848 with the name Hoy ci cunninghami , that is so close to this new species that as concerns the blooms one should regard it as one and the same species. The difference is especially to be found in the leaves; those of H. cunninghami are thick and the veins on the lower surface are scarcely visible, being 0.08 long and 0.03 wide. The receptacle is lengthy and scaly. The flower is a little smaller and the fragrance has a similarity to Philadelphus coronarius (mock orange), while this species from Borneo has a strong vanilla small. * Name is mss. only, (a manuscript name) Other literature: Note: This species is in a section that includes, Hoya diversifolia, subspecies el-nidicus, meliflua and kerrii. As follows: Section Amblyostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg Sect. nova. Folia crasso-carnosa utrique glabra, marginibus reflexa, pedunculi breves petiolo breviores, corolla cum lobis revolutis, extus glabra, intus papillisa. Coronae lobi crasso-carnosi dorso canaliculati, supra concavo-excavati cum tuberoello parvo in cavitate; subtus sulcatis, stigmate apiculata, flores magma. Type species: Hoya meliflua (Blanco) Merrill. From the world of Hoyas a Pictorial Guide by Dale Kloppenburg: 206 Hoya excavata Tetjynann &. RinriencHjifc 207 Hoya excavata Teijsmann & Binnendijk Another of the big, bold, extra vigorous growers, with large, thick, fleshy, glossy, bold leaves. First published in 1863 in Natuurkunndie Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie, it is from the Moluccani Archipelago from the island of Boeroe. At present we have two clones of this species, both collected in central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The first was sent to Ruurd van Donkelaar in the Netherlands, then to Ted Green in Hawaii. A Dutch guide, Erik, collected that one. In 1981 on a botanical study and collecting expedition with a number of Dutch botanists, Ted Green and 1 stopped on a dry stretch of road. On the north side across a dried up rice paddy and near a dilapidated thatched hut was a large dying tree. Hanging from it was a dehydrated plant of this species. We all talked a member of the group, David Kleijn, into braving the ants and climbing up and pulling some of the runners down. This one sure looked like it would never survive, but Ted Green got his piece to root and grow. This is one of the hoyas from the same section as Hoya kerrii , Hoya obovata, Hoya meliflua etc. They all have the similar characteristics mentioned above; thick leaves and rampant vigorous growth. This species is no exception, with even bolder larger foliage. It is a wonderful addition to our collections, but needs plenty of room. The flower umbel is exceptionally beautiful as shown in the photo taken in Central Point, Oregon by Ann Wayman. The soft velvety corolla is about 1” in diameter. The ends of the petals curl under at the very tips. There is so much corolla surface of the flower it forces the corolla to bend and undulate adding to the pleasing color reflections. A soft yellow base color is accented with beautiful pink makeup on the petal extremities. This makes a perfect background for the rich, waxy, plump red coronal lobes in the center. The authors depict this as a high climbing shrub. Well, I can attest to it being high climbing and in addition a very persistent hardy species. If it will come to life from a withered cutting carried around for 20 days, it can stand most anything. It is supposed to smell like “strong vanilla'’. A plant received in 1848 at the Botanical Garden in Utrecht, The Netherlands, thought to be this species, was said to smell like mock orange, Philadelphus coronarius. It has also been reported to smell like vanilla. 208 The following micrographs are of flowers sent me by Ted Green, bloomed in Kaaawa, Hawaii. The side view of the peduncle, calyx and ovaries, evidently dehydrated slightly. Magnification about 16X. This is a short straight pedicle, glabrous, expanded just before reaching the calyx. 209 Top view of the calyx enlarged about 16X. The sepals are broad, ciliate, cupped overlapped about % at the base, outer apex obtuse and with ligules at the bases. A thickened collar is present. View of the outside of the corolla, at about 16X . This side is glabrous, the aped of the lobe is reflexed and also glabrous, the corolla also rolls under slightly along the sides of the lobe. 210 Inside view of the corolla (sometimes we say the top view but top or bottom is not applicable) This is magnified about 16X. The surface is very heavily pubescent all the way to the collar. View of the top surface of the corona at about 16X. The inner lobes are short, neither dentate not spatulate, they do not reach the center so the anthers are plainly visible. Outer lobes are obtuse, center dented with a prominent umbo in the center. 211 Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X, Note the thickened column, the central cavity that held the two ovaries and the fact that the short broad scales are channeled from apex almost to the collar. With one coronal scale removed the five-sided staminal column is visible in the center. Over most of the history of hoyas this central peak was referred to as the stigma. The actual receptive areas of the stigma are located under the corners of this table and form a groove or split above where the retinaculum is secreted. There may be some taxonomic value to the staminal column since there is variation in shape and configuration among the species. The edge length also has a relationship to the translator length. 212 Side view of a coronal scale enlarged approximately 16X. The scales are essential horizontal with a slightly elevated inner lobe which is very short, extending beyond it is the anther. Note how the anther is thickened to form one side of an anther wing, which provides an avenue to the stigma, or path along which the pollinia can slide, once in place, (here it is the lighter curved material on the lower forward part of the scale, attached forward of it is some spongy columnar material. The pollinarium enlarged approximately 165X. Note: how the retinaculum has somewhat winged shoulders a definite waist area, wider hip area. Here the translators concave top is visible, this supports the usually clear caudicles. In this species the steril pellucid edge of the pollinia is well developed and seems to extend clear around the end of the pollinia adjacent to the retinaculum. There is a wide vacuole area just inside the sterile edge. Pollen is thick and dense. Critical measurements: Pedicel: short and straight, 1.5 cm. long, glabrous and 0.14 cm. in diameter. 213 Calyx: broad, short, ovate, ciliate; 0.30 cm. tall and 0.32 cm. wide, concave on the glabrous inside and out, overlap 1/3; long ligules present at the base. Ovaries: 0.12 cm. tall 0.15 cm. wide at the base. Corolla: outside glabrous, inside densely pubescent, apex of lobe turns under edges recurved to the sinus. Apical apex triangular, glabrous. Center to sinus Sinus to apex Sinus to sinus Center to apex widest 0.05 cm. 0.57 cm. 0.55 cm. 0. 90 cm. so flower flattened is 1.80 cm in diameter 0.60 cm. Corona: a umbo 2/3 in from the outer apex, outer apex obtuse, round; inner lobe acute, short but not dentate, top finely sulcate. Apex to apex 0.32 cm. widest (top) 0.20 cm. Center to apex 0.37 cm. Anther wing to aw. 0.27 cm. Retinaculum to ret. 0.13 cm. Ret. to center 0.12 cm. Staylar table: pentagonal ridges from the center to the comers of table, apex slightly granular. Pollinarium: rather large with well differentiated retinaculum, relatively short translator arms and caudicles. Sterile edge appears to continue around apex adjacent to the retinaculum. Shoulders of retinaculum winged. Pollinia length widest Retinaculum length shoulders waist hips Translator Caudicles approx. Herbarium Sheets: Hoya excavata Teijsm. Borneo Molucca 1863 0.7 mm. 0.27 mm. 0.27 mm. 0.18 nun. 0.07 mm. 0. 1 1 mm. 0.1 1 mm. long; edge 0.02 mm. wide. 0.05 mm. in diameter. 214 Hoya finlaysonii Wight 1834 Type Description: In Contributions to the Botany of India (1834) 38. R. Wight & Wallich. 17. H. Finlaysonii (Wight:) volubilis glabra, ramis teretibus, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis obtuse acuminatis supra (siccitate) reticulatis subtus subaveniis (5-7 uncias longis 1 V2- 2 latis) brevi petiolatis. — Hoya, Wall.! Asclep. n. 42. — Penang ?; Wallich et Finlayson. No station is attached to the specimens, but from the same plant existing in Wallich’ s and Finlayson’ s herbaria, it is probably from Penang. — (R. W.) Translation: twining glabrous, branches round, leaves oblong-lanceolate obtuse acuminate above (dried) reticulate, below somewhat veinless (5-7 inches long 1 V2 -2 wide) petioles short. I have seen the Hoya, from Wallich. Asclepias number 42. — maybe from Penang; Wallich & Finlayson. Other Literature: In General System of Gardening & Botany 4 (1837) 127. G. Don. 31 H. *FinIaysoniana (Wight, 1. c.) twining, glabrous; branches terete; leaves oblong- lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, reticulated above in the dried state, veinless beneath, on short petioles. Perennial woody shrub. Native, probably to Penang. Hoya. Wall. ascl. no. 42. Leaves 5-7 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Finlayson s Hoya. Shrub twining. * Note: incorrect spelling. In Synopsis Plantarum 6 (1840) 892. D. N. F. Dietrich. 17. H. Finlaysonii Wight; volubilis glabris; ramis teretibus; fol. oblongo-lanceolatis obtuse acuminatis supra reticulatis subtus aveniis. In Penang, woody. Translation: twining glabris; branches round; leaves oblong-lanceolate obtuse acuminata above reticulate below veinless. From Penang (Malaya), woody. In Prodramus System Veg. (DeCandolle) 8 (1844) 638. Decaisne. 31. H finlaysonii (Wight, contrib., p 38), volubilis glabris, ramis teretibus, foliis oblongo- lanceolatis obtuse acuminatis supra (siccitate) reticulatis subtus subaveniis (5-7 uncias longis 1 V2- 2 latis) brevi petiolatis. Penang ?; Wallich et Finlayson. Translation: Same as type description of Wight’s above. In Flora van Nederlandsch Indie Batavae 1 (1856) 527. F. A. W. Miquel. 38. Hoya finlaysonii Wight Contr. p. 38. Decaisn. 1. c. p. 638. Volubilis glabra, ramis teretibus, folia oblongo-lanceolata obtuse acuminata, supra (in sicco) reticulata, subtus subavenia, 5-7 poll, longa. breviter petiolata. - *Poeloe Penang? (Wall). 215 Note this is under “Species dubiaef Translation: essentially as above. * Kim Yap says this should probably be Pulau Penang. In The Flora of British India 4 (1883) 62. J. D. Hooker (under doubtful and excluded species) H. finlaysonii, Wight Contrib. 38; Wall. Cat. 8166; Dene 1. c.; stem stout leaves 5-7 by 2 in ovate-lanceolate obtusely acuminate densely thick penninerved, nerves prominent on both surfaces arched, intermarginal very distinct, petiole short stout. - Singapore, Wallich; Siam, ? Herb. Finlayson. In Flora of the Malaya Peninsula 2 (1903) 574-575. King & Gamble 17. Hoya finlaysonii, Wight Contrib. 38 (1834). A climbing shrub: stem stout; branchlets pale brown, smooth, lenticellate, flexuose. Leaves coriaceous, thick, hard and tough when dry; ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at apex, more or less rounded at base; both surfaces at first minutely papillose, afterwards glabrescent or dotted, when fresh greenish-red above, dark red beneath; margins with a wavy nerve close to the edge; 5 to 7 in. long, 1.5 to 2.5 in. broad; nerves very prominent and raised on both surfaces when dry; midrib stout, with a large gland just above the petiole; main nerves about 5 to 7 pairs besides the marginal one, at about 60° with the midrib, nearly straight to join a second and prominent looped intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves many, irregular; reticulations irregular netted; petiole very thick, .25 to .5 in. long. Umbels very many- flowered, without any prominent tubercular rachis; peduncles .75 to 2 in. long, rather slender; pedicels almost capillary, .5 to .75 in. long, buds 5-angled, hemispheric below, fattened and depressed above! .25 in. across; flowers with cream-colouled and pink corolla and wavy -white corona. Calyx thin, nearly hyaline, with a few brown veins; lobes obtuse, .05 in. long, pubescent within. Corolla 4 in. broad when open, pubescent within; lobes triangular-ovate-acute, usually inflexed. Corona of 5 spreading inflated processes; the lower lobes ovate-acute, concave at first, afterwards more or less ridged, 2 -winged below; the upper-lobe erect, short, acute. Staminal-column short, attached to the top of the corolla-tube; anther-cells divergent; appendages short, rounded, scarious; pollen-masses oblong-falcate, obtuse at tip, attached by very short thick caudicles to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, with 5 rays leading to a short apiculus. Follicle 1, very slender, 7.5 in. long, .25 in. broad, straight, acuminate; pericarp thin, glabrous, striate. Seeds cylindric, 3 in. long, acute at base, truncate at tip, and bearing a 1 to 1.5 in. long silky coma, teste very thin, brown; cotyledons fleshy; lanceolate, .15 in. long; radicle cylindric, l in. long. Wall. Cat. 8166; Dene, in DC. Prodr. VIII. 638; FI. Ind. Bat. *H. 527; Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. IV. 62. Perak: Wray 2724; King’s Collector 4800. Singapore: Wallich 8166. — Distrib. Siam? (Finlayson). The specimens in the Kew Herbarium have no flowers, but we see no reason to doubt the identification of the leaves of our specimen. * Volume I is on page 527: II on page 264. In Flora of the Malaya Peninsula 2 (1923) 394; 397. H. Ridley. (10) H. finlaysonii Wight, Contrib. 38; King, 1. c. 574. Stem fairly stout. Teaves coriaceous, 216 ovate or oblong lanceolate, blunt acuminate, base rounded or narrow blunt, greenish red above, dark red beneath; nerves 5 to 7 pairs joining an intermarginal, elevate as are reticulations when dry; 5 to 7 in. long, 1.5 to 2.5 in. wide; petioles thick, .25 to .5 in. long, a gland just above it. Peduncles 1.75 in. long, rachis very short; pedicels .75 in. long. Flowers numerous, cream-colour and pink, and corona white; .4 in. across. Corolla pubescent inside, lobes triangular-ovate acute. Corona-lobes ovate acute. Follicle 1, very slender, 7.5 in. long, .25 in. wide. Seeds cylindric, .3 in. long, base acute, tip truncate, plume 1.5 in. long. Hab. Singapore (Wallich 2724). Perak, Goping (Kunstler). Rare. hi Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 36. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya finlaysonii Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 38 (1834); F.B.I. iv. 62, inter spp. dub. F.M.P., No. 19 574 (784); F.M.P. ii 397. Rachaburi. Prachuap, Hui Tap Sake, 60 m., Winit 614! Surat. Ban na Yuang 1! Puket. Pang-nga, Nop Pring, c. 100m., evergreen forest, Kerr 19357! Dist. Pen. Mai.! (type! Penang ?) hi Malayan Nature journal 30, 3/4 (1978) 511. R. L. Rintz. 21) Hoya finlaysonii Wight, Contr. 38 (1834). * Type: Malaysia, Melaka, Wight (K). — Fig, 25, * The type is Wallich Asclepias n. 42 not Wight. Distinguishing features: Leaves thick and rigid, elliptical with cuneate bases and rough, finely serrate margins; up to 21cm long by 6cm wide; veins prominent, wide, dark green on a lighter green background. Peduncle horizontal, rigid, 2 — 3cm long. Umbel negatively-geotropic, convex with rigid, uniform pedicels c. 2.5cm long; 1 — 40 flowers, open 12 hrs. Corolla reflexed, finely pubescent inside; c. 8mm long by 6mm diam; yellow with deep red tips. Corona white. Follicles c. 12cm long 6cm diam. Ecology: Along rivers in lowland forests of Pahang, Perak and Selangor; not common. Distribution: S. Thailand, Sumatra, Borneo. Following page is Rint'z drawing of this species 30:1978 513. 217 Fiji. 25. Haya filthy* tut H Wight. a) habit Mi) fltiWflf in tup view;, rt flowtT itl SftU vit-w : d} i’lou.'tt in mcdiin -section; r) rwin-poHinis. Fn>m Kj'j.'P" ri.f In The Hoya Handbook (1992) 70. D. Kloppenburg & A. Wayman. Hoya finlaysonii Wight. Each hoya seems to have some distinctive and outstanding character. In the case of this hoya it is the striking foliage. At once you can pick this one out from all the rest. The leaves are thick and rigid, elliptic with narrowing bases. Most of all it is recognized by the contrast between the light green leaves with prominent deep emerald green venation and the deep green edge to each leaf. They are spectacular, they stand out. The plant would, in my estimation, be worth growing for the foliage alone. In its native environment it is not a common plant. It comes from Malaya, South Thailand and Borneo. This plant will attract you by its foliage alone. The leaves are medium sized but often much larger than our copy depicts, especially when it reaches 218 maturity. I have found that it roots slowly and takes some time before it establishes itself and really begins to grow rapidly. It may be my conditions, however I feel it is one that is worth waiting for, and once established displays strong growth. Because of the long internodes (space between leaf pairs) it will help to wrap the plant around itself to give a more compact appearance. In hanging baskets let some stems twine around the hanger and then go on to droop back downward. The flower clusters are compact balls of reflexed waxy flowers. The centers are creamy white with some yellow tones and contrast well with the bronze-maroon reflexed petal lobes. This plant is a conversation piece and another species you will surely want in your collection In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 88. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. 9. H. finlaysonii Wight, Contib. Bot. Ind. (1834) 38. FI. Siam. Enum. 3(1), (1951) 36; FMP 2 (1934)* 397; Malay. Nar. J. 30 (1978) 511 &514, Fig. 25. * This should be (1923)394 if she is referring to H. Ridley’s publication. Occurrence: (SW): Pranchuab Kiri Kahn. (PEN): Surat Thani, Phuket, Phang-nga, Trang. Photo by Ann Wayman Central Point, Oregon of the foliage of IMF 554. Ann says "another version of H. finlaysonii , possible just a different clone. The leaves are brighter and the vein pattern is much bolder. A heavy bloomer... flowers are identical to H. finlaysonii ". 219 Hoya finlaysonii Wight 1834 Each hoya seems to have some distinctive and outstanding character. In the case of this hoya, it is the striking foliage. At once you can pick this one out from all the rest. The leaves are thick and rigid, elliptic with narrowing bases. Most of all, it is recognized by the contrast between the light-green leaves with prominent deep emerald-green venation and the deep green edge to each leaf They are spectacular; they stand out. The plant would, in my estimation, be worth growing for the foliage alone. In its native environment, it is not a common plant. It comes from the Malay peninsula. South Thailand, the island of Borneo and Sumatra, Indonesia. Here, it can be found along rivers and streams in the lowland forests and clearing edges. It is not, however a common species, and yet we have several clones in commerce. The leaves are medium sized but often much larger than the accompanying picture depicts, especially when it reaches maturity. I have found that it roots slowly and takes some time before establishing itself and really begins to grow rapidly. It may, however, be my conditions, but 1 feel it is one that is worth waiting for, and once established, it displays strong growth and flowers quite easily. Because of the long internodes (space between leaf pairs) it will help to wrap the plant around itself to give a more compact appearance. In hanging baskets, let some stems twine around the hanger and then go on to droop back downward. The flower clusters are pendant or stick out sideways in compact balls of reflexed waxy flowers. The corolla is pubescent on the inside otherwise glabrous. The centers are creamy white with some yellow tones and contrast well with the bronze-maroon reflexed petal lobes. Flowers are about !4 inch in diameter with 35 in the cluster. Its flowers give off a sharp spicy fragrance. This plant is a conversation piece and another species you will surely want in your collection. Hoya finlaysonii was described by Robert Wight in Contributions to the Botany of India in 1834. The original plant supposedly was collected on the island of Penang, off the north east coast of Malaya. 220 Photomicrographs: from flowers of cutting sent me by Chanin Thorut who collected it in southern Thailand. From flowers in Fresno, CA. June 2000. View of the calyx attached to the corolla enlarged about 16X. Note: the sepals do not reach the sinus of the corolla, the outside surface of the sepals are covered with scattered hair cells and granulose colored protrusions, as the pedicel. The corolla on this surface is glabrous. 221 Side view of a removed pedicel and calyx, with short ovaries enlarged about 16X, as above scattered hair cells and rough surface spotted a deep mahogany color on the outside. Top view of the calyx enlarged about 16X. The sepals have a broad base and are overlapped about 1/3, ligules are present, edges are ciliate with apices rounded, there is much mahogany pigmentation. Ovaries are short and small, color waxy pale-yellow. 222 Outside view of a portion of the corolla enlarged about 16X, this surface is glabrous, yellow, and finely crystalline granulose; apices of lobes are reflexed and tinged with mahogany color. 223 Inside view of a portion of the corolla showing the sinus and one lobe enlarged about 1 6X. The color is actually pale yellow with some mahogany stains on outer corolla surface, which is reflexed. The surface looks glabrous but in fact is very finely pubescent. The collar is short and a little thickened. Tobe apices are somewhat acute, and broad in the center, cut a little more than half way to the center. Side view of the flower enlarged about 16X. Corolla reflexed and a pale yellow with Mahogany flush on lobes. Corona nearly flat, white in color, outer apex emarginate due to narrow side which originate well down on the scale, below the anther wings, lobes extending to the apex. Scales channeled below. 224 Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Lobes channeled, loosely open near outer apex and slanting to the base of the anther wing extensions, surface is beautifully finely sulcate, outer lobes are rounded, anther wings are thick and double. Column is short and rather thin walled. Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Inner lobes are very small and dentate, they do not reach the center where the anthers are exposed. 225 Side view of an individual scale enlarged about 16X, outer apex emarginate, inner lobe dentate and short, anther projecting beyond, anther scutellar and deep. Top almost horizontal. Pollinarium enlarged about 65X. Pollinia apices are rounder inwardly, pellucid edge appears not to extend all the way to the attachment apex, vacuole es relatively uniform from near inner apex to the bottom. Translators are well developed supporting caudicle with small bulbous end, both are attached well down on the retinaculum, here with a large head and waist area and narrow and shortened from there down. 226 This is a composite of 3 pictures of a pollinarium enlarged about 165X. Upper left a little out of alignment. This shows the smoothly rounded apices f the pollinia. Details of the pellucid edge and vacuoles are plainly visible, as is the small portion of the nearer apex attached to the caudicle. The translators here are strongly structured and both these and caudicles are attached well down on the retinacula which has a tendency to make the retinaculum swivel on this axis. Following are critical measurements and comments: Pedicels: with scattered hairs and lenticels, green-pink 0.25 cm. long 0.13 cm. in diameter, terete straight. 227 Calyx: triangular, outside spotted with deep mahogany color, from a green calyx base, some hairs pointing toward apex, edges ciliate, overlap about 1/3 0.18 cm. long and 0.20 wide at base. Long narrow ligules present that reach the sinus. Ovaries: domed, 0.10 cm. tall and base of pair 0.16 cm. glabrous and waxy. Corolla: reflexed yellow with maroon flush on coronal lobes especially on inner surface, lobes deeply cut, apex acute, outside crystalline glabrous but granulose, inside with a very fine pubescence. Sinus to sinus Sinus to apex Widest Center to sinus Center to apex 0.45 cm. 0.50 cm. 0.50 cm. 0.35 cm. 0.80 cm. flattened, so flower diameter is 1.60 cm. Corona: white, flat on top, inner lobes short and dentate, do not reach center where anthers are exposed, scales with low down narrow side lobes making the outer apex emarginate. Anther wings thick and doubled. Stylar apex simple, column thin walled and 0.10 cm. tall. Below channeled, surface finely sulcate. Apex to apex 0.35 cm. Apex to center 0.40 cm. Widest 0.21 cm. Anther wing to aw. 0.25 cm. Retinacula to ret. 0.12 cm. Ret. to center 0.12 cm. Ret. to aw. 0.12 cm. Pollinarium: large and well developed, translators and caudicle attached well down on the long retinaculum. Pollinia: Retinaculum Translator Caudicles 0.75 mm long, 0.26 mm. wide. 0.27 mm. long to the crotch, shoulders 0.18 mm., hip 0.10 mm. 0.16 mm. long, 0.06 mm widest. 0.07 mm in diameter (bulbous end). Herbarium Sheets: Hoy a finlaysonii Wight Malaya, Penang ? Type 42 1834 Wight Hoya finlaysonii Wight Perak, Malaya 4800 King Hoya finlaysonii Wight Singapore 8166 Wallich Hoya finlaysonii Wight MalayaSungaiLongatSel 63 1976 Rintz (UPM) Hoya finlaysonii Wight Malaya, Puket 19357 Kerr 228 Hoy a fmlaysonii Wight SThai Mai Sum 614 Winit Hoy a fmlaysonii Wight Malaya, Perak 2724 1907 Wray Hoya fmlaysonii Wight SThai Mai Sum 72 1978 Rintz I have a second species from Chanin Thorut, Thailand he also collected in southern Thailand labeled "Pale". Photomicrographs and data presented below. (There are differences). CT "H. sp. collected from south Thailand" I am not sure this represents the "pale one" or the one in the first part of this presentation also from Southern Thailand. Top view of the calyx enlarged about 8X. (I have been decreasing the size of later pictures by 50% to better fit them to a page.) Compare these photos to the ones above. Note the lobes here are more triangular, not as broad, not as ciliate, not as much overlap. 229 Inside (left) and outside (right) view of the corolla enlarged about 8X. Here the corolla is not as large but relatively the same shape, but without the deeper apical colors on the inside surface and I believe this corolla is of thicker texture. Outside is glabrous Inside puberulent with reflexed ends maroon. Bottom (left) and top (right) view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Here the anther wings are not doubled, the outer apex is more elongate and more acute, inner lobes are longer, groove below (curved lobe sides) extends inward toward the center further. Lower side lobes present in both and both have a well developed and thickened central column. Top view of the corolla and corona enlarged about 8X. The outer apex exceeds the corolla sinus. The dorsal surface of the coronal lobes is slightly concave with raised edges and an umbo and broad keel starting just outward from the dentate inner lobe and extending to the outer apex. 230 I left this top view of the staminal pentagonal crown at 100% so it is not in proportion to the immediately above photos here it is enlarged about 16X. There is still 3 pollinarium affixed to the corners of the table. The central rise is simple (here light yellow). Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X, as stated before this scale has a more elongated and narrower outer lobe, the extended side shelves cause the outer apex to be emarginate. I wanted to show the unusual shoulder area of the retinaculum here enlarged about 165X. The extensions are also long and thick clear caudicles supported by the more opaque translators. The actual retinaculum is relatively short and stubby. 231 Pollinarium 165X. Pollinia length widest Retinaculum length shoulders waist hip extensions Translators length depth Caudicle enlarged about 0.64 mm. 0.21 mm. 0.21 mm. overall. 0.12 mm. 0.08 mm. 0.09 mm. 0.06 mm. 0.11 mm. 0.10 mm. 0.05 mm. bulb diameter Other measurements: compare with above measurements. Pedicel: looks glabrous but actually very finely puberulent, strict, 0.10 cm. in diameter. Calyx, lanceolate, differs in shape and length, 0.15-0.21 cm. long and 0.14 to 0.15 cm. at widest; ciliate. One large ligule noted. Ovaries: short conic, 0.15 cm. wide and tall. Corolla: Inner extremely fine pubescence, petal tip rolled under to give squared-off shape. Outer surface glabrous. Sinus to sinus sinus to center Sinus to apex Apex to center Widest 0.36 cm. 0.28 cm. 0.60 cm. so cut well beyond half way. 0.82 cm. so flattened flower is 1.64 cm. in diameter. 0.48 cm. 232 Corona: lobes exceed thew corolla sinus, crown outer apex slightly angular, otherwise horizontal, cupped centrally edge with linear ridge, inner lobe short, toothed (dentate). Anther exceed side lobes groove sides overlap and are linearly sulcate. Apex to apex Apex to center widest (top) Anther wing to aw. 0.37 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.255 cm Conclusion: two species of variable parts of a cline. We need more specimens to study. Article and pictures via Kim F. Yap, Singapore One Came Home to Singapore — Hoya finlaysonii Wight 1834. One fine day in August 2002, 1 received an e-mail from our Andrew Tay. It said I was to pick up a hoya cutting from the NSS office at the Sunflower. I rushed there the next day and saw a rather disappointing sight. It was a chewed-up one-leaf cutting of an unknown species sitting in a cut-up recycled mineral water bottle. The neatly written plastic label said it was collected in January, 2002 at Kota Tinggi, Johor. I told myself that, after a week, this poor bit of vegetation will not see the light of day. I took it home tenderly (16-08-2002) and immediately placed it in my magic solution of diluted fertilizer and a pinch of rooting hormone. Then, what a great surprise! The miserable insect-chewed cutting rooted. I potted it lovingly (29-09-2002) in my special potting mix. It grew healthily, sending out a couple of stout trailing shoots. A solitary peduncle was observed forming on a leafless vine (19-04- 2003). The globose umbel of 40 flowers bloomed during the early hours of 09-05-2003. It proved to be a species no longer living in Singapore. The Singapore Red Data Book listed it as being extinct. Hoya finlaysonii was cited by subsequent authors that Wallich (undated) found it in Singapore, way back when. It was recorded for both West and East Malaysia. In West Malaysia it was recorded for Penang, Perak, Selangor, Pahang and Malacca, but not for Johor. Finding it in Johor represents a range extension southwards toward Singapore. The pretty 5 mm flowers are short-lived. They open for only 12 hours and abscise after 24 hours. They give off a spicy scent. The leaves are really spectacular - dark green anastomosing veins on sand-papery light green laminae and with finely serrated leaf-margins. It is one of the few species you can easily identify from the leaves. Now just sit back, enjoy and welcome the return of an extinct hoya species to Singapore. Thank you Andrew for bringing it home. 233 KF Yap, 15-05-2003. Vesak Day. Following are pictures sent via E mail from Kim F. Yap, Singapore. 234 Photomicrographs and data from flowers sent by Kim F. Yap, Singapore Completed 20 July 2003. (Cutting From Johore State, Western Malaysia May 2003). Photomictographs made with an Olympus digital microscope. Pedicel: 1.5 cm. long, terete, finely puberulent. Side view of the pedicel enlarged about 16X. Note the pubescent surface. They are straight and of the same length making a globose flower cluster. Side view of the pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 16X. On drying the sepals turn back away from the corolla. Ovaries are short domed 0.11 cm. tall and base pair are 0. 1 1 cm. wide, glabrous. 235 Top view of the calyx enlarged about 16X. Outer surface is finely puberulent, sepals are ciliate, inside finely beaded laterally lined, bases are overlapped just slightly, ligules at each overlap. Apex - base 0.15 cm. Apex - center 0.20 cm. Widest 0.15 cm. Pedicel with flower in closed state. At anthesis the fully reflexed. Outside view of the corolla enlarged about 16X. This surface is glabrous, finely granulose and with radiating vascular bundles, visible in the wet state. The center is slightly thickened. Inner surface of the corolla enlarged about 16X. Surface is finely puberulent, almost appears to be glabrous. Tobe apex is acute lobe broad at the central base. Sinus - sinus 0.17 cm. Sinus - apex 0.49 cm. Sinus - center 0.25 cm. Apex - center 0.65 cm. Widest 0.33 cm. 236 Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The lobes are channeled in the center almost to the very thick central column. Surfaces are finely sulcate. Anther wings are thick and doubled (i.e. with two side indentations in the apex) and project beyond sinus. All surfaces are glabrous. Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Inner lobes are dentate and do not reach the center, outer lobes exceed the corolla sinuses, are raised a little, are acute, emarginate. Dorsal surface is slightly concave with edged sharp and a slight central domed keel, longitudinally finely sulcate. Note the doubled anther wings. Apex -apex 0.25 cm. Apex - center 0.27 cm. Widest (dorsal) 0.13 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.07 cm. Ret. - center 0.06 cm. Aw. - aw. 0.15 cm. Aw. - center 0.13 cm. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 32X. Inner lobe raised does not exceed the anther (here folded down a little) outer lobe raised and emarginate due to narrow side lobes running along the bottom, otherwise fairly acute. Anther wing sides fairly deeply scythe shaped. This is a digital microscope picture of the pollinarium enlarged about 80X. I have at this time not learned to get the digital I can with a camera mounted monocular microscope. The pollinia outline shows the form but the detail in the retinaculum and translatore is lacking. Below is the microscope picture. 237 Pollinia length 0.52 mm. Widest 0.20 mm. Retinacula length 0.15 mm. shoulder 0. 1 1 mm. waist 0.08 mm. hip 0.10 mm. ext. 0.05 mm. Translators length 0.15mm. depth 0.08 mm. Caudicle bulb diam. 0.05 mm. 238 Hoya finlaysonii Wight 1834 Type: Wall. Asclepias #42, Penang, Malaysia ? 239 From the type description leaves oblong-lanceolate obtuse acuminate above (dried) reticulate, below somewhat veinless (5-7 inches long 1 lA -2 wide) petioles short. From King & Gamble's 1909 description: Leaves coriaceous, thick, hard and tough when dry; ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate at apex, more or less rounded at - base; both surfaces at first minutely papillose, afterwards glabrescent or dotted, when fresh greenish-red above, dark red beneath; margins with a wavy nerve close to the edge; 5 to 7 in. long, 1.5 to 2.5 in. broad; nerves very prominent and raised on both surfaces when dry; midrib stout, with a large gland just above the petiole; main nerves about 5 to 7 pairs besides the marginal one, at about 60° with the midrib, nearly straight to join a second and prominent looped intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves many, irregular; reticulations irregular netted; petiole very thick, .25 to .5 in. long. Note: Nerves deeper green than the blade, prominent, pinnate looping and anastomosing ca. 5 pairs per side, much reticulated. Petiole mostly long with slight curve, thick, heavy, corky ca. 2.0 cm. long and 0.4 cm. in diameter. 240 Hoya finlaysonii Wight # 63 (UPM) 241 Hoya forbesii King & Gamble 1903 Type description: In Flora of the Malay Peninsula (1903) 574. King & Gamble. 16. Hoya forbesii, King & Gamble, n. sp. A climbing shrub, rooting on trees and probably epiphytic; branchlets somewhat angular, lenticellate, with pale brown shining bark, leaves coriaceous when dry; elliptic-oblong or obovate, shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex, rounded at bass; upper surface glabrous, shining; lower surface minutely papillose; both pale brown when dry; margines somewhat recurved; 4 to 7 in. long, 2.5 to 4 in. broad; midrib strong, much raised beneath, bearing on the upper surface a gland just above the petiole; main nerves about 7 pairs, irregular but usually at 40° with the midrib, more or less curved and branching; secondary nerves frequent, especially near the top between the main nerves; reticulations transverse, irregular, clearly visible only on the upper surfaces; petiole very thick, bent, articulate in the middle, about 5 in. long. Umbels apparently few-flowered, on .75 in. long rachises with small tubercles a the end of short (about .75 in.) peduncles; pedicels filiform, 5 in. long, puberulous; buds flattened, .25 in. in diam.; flowers having grayish-white corollas with purple tips (Fortes). Calyx membranous; lobes about twice as long as tube, ovate, ciliate, puberulous without; no scales Corolla .4 in. in diam., puberulous without; lobes broadly triangular-ovate-acute, incurved. Corona of 5 inflated processes closely adnate to too staminal-column; lower lobes horizontal, narrow-oblong, slightly ridged above, 2-valved below, nearly 1 in. long; upper lobe a minute erect tooth. Staminal-column short; anthers incumbent over the sty le-apex; cells divergent; appendages acute, scabrous; pollen-masses flattened, falcate, attached by short straight caudicles to the narrow pollen-carriers. Style-apex very thin, deeply 5-lobed with a conical tip. Fruit not known. Perak: Scortechini 1679, 1680. — Distrib. Sumatra, on Kaba Volcano 5000 feet *(Forbes 2896A). In the accompanying key: Flowers small, .25 in. in diam. in bud:- Leaves large, usually over 5 in. in length and 1.5 in. in breadth; main nerves very prominent: — Main nerves at 40° with the midrib; reticulations prominent, chiefly on the upper surface , but not sharp. * There can only be one Holotype and Dr. Rintz below designated the last of the series of three. In The Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923). H. Ridley. (9) H. Forbesii King & Gamble, l.c. 574. Branches thick, slightly angled. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong or obovate acuminate blunt, base narrowed rounded, stout, midrib and nerves 7 pairs, elevated when dry, 4 to 7 in. long. 2.5 to 4 in. wide; petiole thick. Peduncle .75 in long, rachis short; pedicels .5 in long. Flowers .4 in. across, grayish white. Corolla purple- tipped. lobes triangular acute incurved, puberulous outside. Corolla lower lobes narrow- oblong. Hab. Perak (Scortechini). Rare. Distrib. Sumatra. In Malay Nature Journal 30(3A) (1978) 517-518. R. L. Rintz. 23) Hoya forbesii 242 King & Gamble, J.A.S. Beng. IV (1903) 574. Type: Sumatra, Gunong Kaba at 1500m, Forbes 2896a (K). —Fig. 28. Distinguishing Features: Leaves thick rigid, broadly elliptic with cuneate bases, the lower surface fmely papillose; up to 16cm long by 6.5cm wide. Peduncle horizontal, rigid, 2- 3cm long. Umbel negatively-geotropic, convex with rigid, uniform pedicels c. 2cm long; 1-20 flowers, open c. 24hrs and falling after 2 days. Corolla spreading, fmely and sparsely pubescent inside and out; c. 1.5 cm diam; pale green or yellow. Corona entirely white. Corpuscle narrow. Ecology: very rare; known only from Perak and Batu caves (the interior canyon and the eastern summit), Selangor. Distribution: S. Sumatra. Herbarium Sheets Hoya forbesii King & G Hoya forbesii King & G Hoya forbesii King & G Sumatra, Kaba Volcano Type 2896A Malaya, Perak 1679 Malaya, Perak 1680 1903 Forbes Scortechini Scortechini 243 Hoya fraterna Blume 1 849 Type description: In Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum 1 (1849) 44. C. L. Blume. 104. Hoya (Physostemma) fraterna Bl: volubilis, glabra; foliis coriaceis ovato-oblongis ellipticisve acuminatis basi rotundatis subvenosis supra petiolum calloso-glandulosis; umbel lis longissime pedunculatis multifloris; corollae intus sericeo-velutinae laciniis trianunlari-ovatis acutis; coronae stamineae foliolis supra convexis angulo exteriore obtuso recto. Bl. in Rumphia IV. — H. coriacea maxima affrnis, eujus flores majores, segmenta calyces breviore et foliola coronae stamineae angulo exteriore minus obtuse atque subreclinata. — In calcareis Kuripan Javae occidentalis. Translation: twining, glabrous; leaves leathery ovate-oblong elliptic acuminate base rounded somewhat veined above the petiole callous-glandulose; umbels many flowered on long peduncles, corona inside silky-velvety lobes triangular-ovate acute; leaflets of the staminal corona convex above exterior angle erect obtuse. Blume in Rumphia IV — Very near H. coriacea but larger flowers, calyx segments smaller and leaflets of the staminal corona at the exterior angle less obtuse and less bent down. Other literature: In Botanical Magazine (Curtis’s) (1850) 4684. Hoya (Physostemma) fraterna; foliis amplis ellipticis crassissime coriaceis acutis basi subcordatis et calloso-glandulosis obscure remote penninerviis margine recurvis, petiolo costaque subtus praecipue crassis, pedunculo folio 3-4 plo breviore, umbella multiflora compacta, sepalis ovalibus obtusis concavis, corollas rotatae lobis deltoideis patenti-recurvis sericeo-velutinis, coronae stamineae foliolis brevi-ovatis apice recto obtuso. Hoya fraterna. Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. p. 44. A very fine new and very distinct species of hoya, first detected in Java by Blume and since by Thomas Lobb, and sent by him to his employer Mi*. Veitch, in whose stove at Exeter it has grown very vigorously and yielded its very handsome flowers during a great part of the summer and autumn. Some of the leaves measure a foot in length: our coloured figure is taken from a portion of the plant yielding smaller foliage; but these leaves are remarkable no less for their great size than they are for their firmness and thickness, and the very indistinct remote pinnated nerves, scarcely seen except when the leaf is held between the eye and the light, or when the leaves are dried for the herbarium; then the shrinking of the parenchyma brings the veins more distinctly into view, and slows them to be pinnated, anastomosing, and slender. The petioles and costa beneath are peculiarly thick. The upper side of the corolla, disc excepted, is downy, or between silky and velvety, and of a pale yellowish buff-color, but five stains or spots are seen radiating from the center towards the sinuses, which are always wet and clammy, which 244 clamminess appears to be due to a flow of honey from beneath each of the leaves of the crown or nectars, and give a rich brown tone of color to the whole umbel of flowers. It is named fraterna by Blume on account of its affinity to //. coriacea from which it is however abundantly distinct, as still be seen by a reference to the latter plant figured at our Tab. 4518. Descr. A climber its terete stems and branches, rooting, near the insertion of the petioles, bearing opposite leases, on rather short but very thick petioles; vary ing from six inches to a foot in length, singularly thick, and firmly fleshy, subcoriaceous, elliptical, very glabrous and even, the margins recurred, the apex rather acute, the base emarginate or subcordate, dark green and glossy above, pale above opaque beneath, where the mid- rib is very broad and prominent; lateral veins scarcely at all visible except the leaf be held between the eye and the light wen they are seen to be pinnated, distant, slender, anastomosing, towards the margin. Peduncle much shorter than the leaves, moderately stout, thickened at the base, bearing at the apex a dense umbel of rather large, brownish- red flowers. Sepals five, oval, concave. Corolla rotate, pale buff, with five red-brown blotches, five-lobed, the lobes triangular, silky reflexed. Leaflets of the corona pale buff, rotunda-ovate, thick fleshy, concave above with a blood-red spot at the base, channeled beneath. Ovaries two, oblong. Translation: leaves large elliptic thickly leathery acute base somewhat cordate and with a callused gland obscure remote penninerved margins recurved, petiole and midrib thick mainly below, peduncle short blade 3-4 in., umbel many flowered compact, sepals oval obtuse, lobes of the corolla deltoid flat-recurved silky-velvety, leaflets of the staminal corona briefly-ovate apex erect obtuse. Notation: The drawings in both Botanical Magazine and Fleur des Serres are not of Hoya Fraterna. A mistake due to Lobb’s deception of collection locations. In Fleur des Serres 8 (1852) 815. J. E. P. Hoya fraterna. (Hoya fraternal.) Charact. Specif. — H. Physostemma foliis amplis ellipticis crassissime coriaceis acutis basi subcordatis et calloso-glandulosis obscure remote penninerviis margine recurvis, petiolo costaque subtus praecipue crassis, pedunculo folio 3-4 plo breviore, umbella multiflora compacta, sepalis ovalibus obtusis concavis, corollas rotatae lobis deltoideis patenti -recurvis sericeo-velutinis, coronae stamineae foliolis brevi-ovatis apice recto obtuso. Hook. Hova fraterna, Blume. Mus. Bot. Tugd. Batav. I, p.44 (1), fide Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 4684 (Icon, hie iterate). (1) N’etant pas sur de la justesse de certe determination specifique, nous croyons devoir inserer en note, comme element de comparison, Particle descriptif consaere par Blume a son Hoya fraterna . “Hoya (Physostemma); volubilis, glabra; foliis coriaceis ovato-oblongis ellipticisve acminatis basi rotundatis subvenosis supra petiolum calloso-glandulosis; umbellis longissime pedunculatis multifloris; corollae intus sericeo-velutinae laciniis trianunlari-ovatis acutis; coronae stamineae foliolis supra conrexis angulo exteriore obtuso recto. Bl. in Rumphia IV. — H. coriacea maxima affinis, eujus flores majorie, segmenta calyces breviore et foliola coronae stamineae angulo exteriore minus obtuse 245 atque subreclinata.” Le nom specifique de cette remarquable Asciepiadee fait allusion a Paffmite tres intime qui l'unit a VHoya coriacea, espece deja figuree dans ee recueil (ci-dessus, tab. 578). En supposant nenmoins, ee qui nous semble un peu douteux, que la determination de ces deux plantes soit bien exacte, il suffit d’un simple coup-d’oeil pour les distinguer l'une de l'autre. Sans parler des diversites de couleur florale, de la forme du calice et des pieces de la forme du calice et des pieces de la couroime staminale VHoya fraterna serait aisement caracterise par l'ampleur isolile et l'epaisseur de ses feuilles, dont les plus grandes atteignent jusqif a 30 centimetres de longueur et dont les nervures disparaissent a Fetat frais, dans la profondeur d’un parenhyme ferme et succulent. Du reste, Fhisioire horticole des deux est a peu pres identique. Decouvertes dans les forets de Java par Fillustre botaniste Blume, introduces de ees memes lieux par Thomas Lobb, dans les serres de ses patrons, MM. Veitch, la premiere fleurit d'abord en 1849, la seconde (fraterna), plus tardive, developpa ses belles corolles durant Fete et Fautomne de 1852. Ces corolles, facomiees en etiole a cinq rayons, offrent sur leur face interne, legerement convexe et delicatement veloutee, une teinte buffle clair: cinq macules de meme teinte, mais plus foncees en couleur, s’etendent des einq pointes de la couronne staminale vers les sinus du limbe de la corolle et sont constamment lubrifiees par un suintement de nectar qui se fait a la base de eette couronne. J. E. P. Editors note: Latin translations can be found above. Translation: (French). The specific name of this Asclepiad remarkably makes allusion to the very intimate affinity that it has to Hoy a coriacea , species already figurative in the compilation (above, tab. 578). while supposing nearness, it seems to us a little doubtful, that the determination of these two plants is well exact, it is sufficient a simple stroke - d'oeil to distinguish them one of the other. San to that the diversities of the floral color, of the shape of the calyx and pieces of the shape of the calyx and pieces of staminal corona of Hoya fraterna would be characterized comfortably by ampleness isolile and the thickness of its leaves, of which the biggest reach up to 30 centimeters of length and whose ribs disappear has the natural state, in the depth of a parenchyma closes and succulent. Of the remainder, the horticultural history of the two is more or less identical. Discovered in the hills of Java by the famous botanist Blume, introduced of from these same places by Thomas Lobb, in greenhouses of his bosses. Messieurs Veitch, the first blooms in 1849, the second (fraterna), more belated, developed its beautiful corollas lasting the summer and the fall of 1852. These shaped corollas blanched some have five radiuses, offer on their face interns, slightly convex and finely velvety, a tent clear tan: five stain grandma tent, but darker in color, spreading tips of the staminal crown toward sinuses of the limb of the corolla and are lubricated constantly by an oozing of nectar that makes itself the basis of whole crowns. J. E. P. In Tuinbouw Flora 1 (1853) 69. W. H. DeVriese. 6. Hoya fraterna Bl. De Hoya, welke men Aanverwante Hoya zou kunnen noemen, uit hoofde van hare overeenkomst met Hoya coriacea, is beschreven en afgebeeld door Blume (Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I. p. 44 en Rumphia, Tom; IV.) en door Hooker (Bot. Mag. t. 4684, herhaald in de Flore des serres de, l'Europe, door van Houtte, VIIL 179). Hoya fraterna verschilt 246 van H. coriacea vooral door de kleur van de bloemkroon, den vorm van den kelk en van de kroon der meeldraden. De bladen zijn zeer groot, vaak 0.03 lang, en zeer dik en saprijk. Zij werd ontdekt door Blume in de bosschen van Java, overgebragt naar Europa door Thomas Lobb, en bloeide in den zomer en herfst van 1852 bij Vetch, te Exeter. Deze soort is ongetvvijfeld eene der schooste Hoya's van onze kassen. Translation: The Hoya, which we could call related (brotherly) Hoya, expressing the similarity to Hoya coriacea , has been described and pictured by (Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1. p. 44 and Rumphia, Tom; TV.) and by Hooker (Bot. Mag. t. 4684, repeated in the Flore on serres de l'Europe, by Van Houtte, VIII. 179). Hoya fraterna mainly differs from H. coriacea by the corolla, shape of the calyx and the staminal corona. The leaves are very large, often 0.03 long, and very fleshy and succulent. It was discovered by Blume in the woods of Java, brought to Europe by Thomas Lobb, and flowered in the summer and autumn of 1852 at Veitch in Exeter. This type is doubtless one of the most beautiful Hoya's in our greenhouses. In Flora van Nederlandsch Indie 1 (1856) 522. F. A. W. Miquel & Zollinger. 19. Hoya fraterna Bl. Volubilis radicans glabra, folia coriacea, e basi rotundata ovato-oblonga acuminata, supra petiolum calloso-glandulosa, subtus utrinque 4 — 5 costulis patule erectis extrorsum venosis pertensa, 4lZ — 5 poll, longa; umbellae longiter pedunculatae multiflorae, corollae flavescenti-fuscae (rubello-carneae) intus serieeo-velutinae laciniae triaugulari-ovatae acutae, coronae stamineae phylla supra convexa, angulo exteriore obtuso recto. Hoya fraterna Blume Mus. bot. I. p. 44. Rumphia IV. p. 31. — Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 4684. Van Houtte FI. des Serres VIII. tab. 815. Habitus Hoyae laurifoliae . — Java. Translation: Twining rooting glabrous, leaves leathery, with the base rounded ovate- oblong acuminate, above a callous gland on the petiole, beneath 4 to 5 veins opening on the outside spread at a 45° angle from both sides of the midrib. 4 '/2 — 5 inches long; many flowered umbels with long peduncles, dark yellow corona (reddish-flesh colored) inside silky-velvety leaflets triangular-ovate acute, with the leaflets of the staminal corona convex above, exterior angle obtuse erect. In Annales Systematicae 5 (1858) 505. W. G. Walpers. 2. Hoya (Physostemma) fraterna. — Hook, in bot. mag. tab. 1681. — F. amplis ellipticis crassissime coriae, acutis b. subcordatis et calloso-glandulosis obscure remote penninerviis marg. recurvis, pet, costaque subt. praecipue crassis, pedunculo folio 3 — 4 pol breviore, umbella multifl. compacta , sep. ovalib. obtusis concavis, cor. rotatae lobis deltoideis patenti- recurvis sericeo-velutinis, coronae stamineae foliolis brevi-ovatis ap. recto obtuso. H. fraterna Mus. bot. Lugd. Bat. p. 44. Planta ab ill. Blume primo in ins. Java detecta. — In calcareis Kuripan Javae occidentalis. Translation: Leaves large elliptic very thick acute base somewhat cordate and callous- glandulose obscurely and remotely penninerved with margins recurved petiole and midrib noticeably thick, peduncle short blade 3 — 4 inches, umbels many flowers, compact, sepals ovate obtuse concave, lobes of the corolla rotate deltoid spreading-recurved silky- 247 velvety, leaflets of the staminal corona short ovate apex erect obtuse. In The Garden (1880) 354. Besides these there are H. fraterna, the leaves of which are nearly 1 foot in length, the flowers being pale brown red, and the corona yellow. In Handbook of Succulent Plants Herman Jacobsen. Hoya fraterna, Bl. Java ... L. very large and thick, broadly elliptic; fl. rose-red, with yellow corona. In Flower Garden 3 (1884) 639. (Paxton’s). (Ed. notation: almost an exact copy of article in Botanical Magazine). 639. Hoya fraterna. Blume. A hothouse climbing plant Java. Flowers buff-coloured. Belongs to Asclepiads. Introduced by Messers. Veitch, A very fine new and very distinct species of Hoya, first detected in Java by Blume, and since by Mr. Thomas Lobb, and sent by him to his employer Mr. Veitch, in whose stove at Exeter it has grown very vigorously, and yielded its very handsome flowers during a great part of the summer and autumn. Some of the leaves measure a foot in length our coloured figure is taken from a portion of the plant yielding smaller foliage; but these leaves are remarkable no less for their great size than they are for their firmness and thickness, and the very indistinct remote pinnated nerves, scarcely seen except Even the leaf is held between the eye and the light, or when the leaves are dried for the herbarium; then the shrinking of the parenchyma brings the veins more distinctly into view, and shows them to be pinnated, anastomosing, and slender. The petioles and costa beneath are peculiarly thick. The upper side of the corolla, disk excepted, is downy, or between silky and velvety, and of a pale yellowish buff color, but five stains or spots are seen radiating from the center towards the sinuses, which are always wet and clammy, which clamminess appears to be due to a flow of honey from beneath each of the leaves of the crown or nectary, and give rich brown tone of color to the whole umber of flowers. It was named fraterna by Blume, on account of its affinity to H. c or i ace a, from which it is however abundantly distinct. A climber, with terete stems and branches, rooting near the insertion of the petioles, bearing opposite leaves, on rather short but very thick petioles; varying from six inches to foot in length, singularly thick, and firmly fleshy, subcoriaceous, elliptical, very glabrous and even, the margins curved, the apex rather acute, the base emarginate or subcordate, dark green glossy above, pale and opaque beneath, where the midrib is very broad and prominent; lateral veins scarcely at all visible except the leaf be held between the eye and the light, when they are seen to be pinnated, distant, slender; anastomosing towards the margin. Peduncle much shorter than the leaves, moderately stout, thickened at the base, bearing at the apex a dense umber of rather large, brownish red flowers. Sepals five, oval, concave. Corolla rotate, pale buff with five red brown blotches, five-lobed, the lobes triangular, silky, reflexed. Leaflets of the corona pale buff, rotun date-ovate, thick, fleshy, concave above, with a blood-red sport at the base, channeled beneath. — Bot. Mag., t. 4684. In Exkersionsflora von Java “Flora of Java” 3 (1912) 99. S. H. Koorders. (KEY) 9d. Blatter 11 — 14 cm lang, lederig, eifdrmig-oblong, am Grunde abgerundet und oberseits an der Insertion des Blattstieles kallos-drusig, unterseits mit 4 — 5 Paar hervoretenden Seitennerven und grober Netzaderung. Dolden vielbltitig, langgestielt. Korolle gelblichbraun odor fleischfarben, innen seidensammethaarig. Coonazipfel oben 248 konvex. Windender, z. T. mit Wurzeln kletternder (?) Stauch, habituell an Hoya laurifolia erinnernd. Miq. k c. 522; Bot. Mag. tab. 4684. West-Java: Im Kalkgebirge bei Kuripan (Blume in Herb. Leiden). Tm Buitenzorger Herbar habe ich diese Art nicht gefunden. Das Leidener Original dieser Art halte ich mit Zweifel nur fur ein kleinblutiges Exemplar von der in derselben Gegend von Java wachsenden Hoya coriacea B1 H. fraterna Bl. Translation: In Exkersionsflora from Java flora of Java 3 (1912) 99. S. H. Koorders. (KEY) 9d. Pages 11-14 cm long, leathery, ovate-oblong, at the acuminate and otherwise at the insertion of the leaf-stalk a callused gland, on the undersides with 4-5 pairs of veins on both sides and coarse midrib. Umbel of many flowers, with long peduncles. Corolla yellow-brown or flesh-colored, inside silky- velvety. Corona scales above convex. Twining, z. T. with roots climbing (?) The stem, and habitat remind one of at Hoya laurifolia. Miq. 1. c. 522; Offered. Likes, tab. 4684. West-Java: hi the lime-mountain with Kuripan (flower in sharp. Ailments). I have not found this type in the Buitenzorg Herbarium. I only consider the Leiden original of this type with doubt as a few bloom copy of the Hoya growing in the same area from Java Hoya coriacea Bl Hoya Fraterna Bl. In Standard Cyclopedia of Gardening (Horticulture) (1930) 1603. F. M. Bailey. H. fraterna, Blume. Climbing, rooting near intersection of petiole: lvs. 6-12 in. long, very thick, elliptic, glossy above pale beneath: fls. brownish red, in dense umbels; corolla rotate, pale buff with 5 red-brown blotches; lobes of crown round-ovate, concave with blood-red spot at base, Java. B.M. 4684, J.F. 4:385. In The Hoya Handbook (1992) 71. D. Kloppenburg & A. Wayman. Hoya fraterna Blume. Fraterna is very distinctive, having one of the longest leaves in the Hoya genus. Not only is the foliage large, it is also thick and very rigid, with almost no venation to be seen. It is a strong grower and not a plant for limited areas. The photocopied leaf is typi- cal but leaves 12" long are not uncommon. The reflexed fuzzy flowers (described as being between silky and velvety) are typical of species of this group, which includes among others Hoya kerrii , Hoya obovata , Hoya meliflua , and Hoya diversifolia . All of this group have a compact central crown in which the outer lobes are rounded off. In addition all these species are strong vigorous plants with thick bold fleshy leaves. This species like the others mentioned above are very easy to grow and rapidly grow into large plants. They all exudes a honeydew as the flowers age, which often stains the petals. This staining is visible in the colored photograph. As a word of caution I would advise you not to hang flowering plants above valuables where the honey-dew may drip on them. Fraterna is a native of the Java forests. This is one species that I find difficult to bring into flower. Its rank growth, long internodes and infrequent flowering preclude its inclusion in many collections. If you have the room and would like to include a species with the longest leaves, this will be a must for you. The flowers are very similar to H. 249 obovata but are even larger. In Dictionary of the Royal Horticultural Society. H. fraterna. Stem terete, 1. elliptical, 6-12 in. long, thick, leathery, fleshy, glabrous, shining dark green above, margins recurved, apex acute, base sub-cordate, midrib broad, prominent, fl. brownish- red, in dense umbels; peduncles thickened at base, shorter than 1. Java. (B.M. 4684.) In Fraterna 2nd Quarter (1993) 11 R. D. Kloppenburg. Hoya fraterna Blume is described in "Annales Museum Botanicum Lugduno- Batavum" V.I p. 44 ii 1849. This is 24 years after H. coriacea Blume was described. The name of this species is mentioned in the above text as noted. Blume placed this species in the Section Physostemma along with H. coriacea Blume; H. vitellina Blume; //. polystachya Blume and H. clandestine Blume. The text under #104 reads as follows: 104. Hoya (Physostemma) fraterna BL: volubilis, glabra; foliis coriaceis ovato- oblongis ellipticisve acuminatis basi rotundatis subvenosis supra petiolum calloso- glandulosis; umbellis longissime pedunculatis multifloris; corollae intus sericeo-velutinae laciniis triangulari- ovatis acutis; coronae stamineae foliolis supra convexis angulo exte- riore obtuso recto. Bl. in Rumphia IV. - H. coriacea maxime affinis, cujus llores majores, segmenta calycis breviora et foliola coronae stamineae angulo exteriore minus obtusa atque subreclinata. - In calcareis Kuripan Javae occidentalis. Translation: 104. Hoya (Physostemma) fraterna Blume: twining, glabrous, leaves leathery ovate-oblong elliptical acuminate with the base rounded somewhat veined, above the petiole a little glandular callous; with long peduncled many flowered umbels, with the corona inside silky-velvety with lobes triangular ovate acute; with the leaflets of the staminal corona convex above, the exterior angle obtuse erect. Blume in Rumphia IV - very close to Hoya coriacea whose flowers are larger, with segments of the calyx smaller and leaflets of the staminal corona outer lobe (angle) less obtuse and somewhat reclined (turned downward). In calcareous soil at Kuripan Western Java. Editors notations: There has been a lot of misinformation in regard to this species since Mr. Low falsified data and collection places confusing even artists and taxonomists in drawings of material supposedly this species but actually drawings (Curtis, etc.) of H. meliflua (Blanco) Merrill. (See folders for H. coriacea Blume, and H. meliflua (Blanco) Merrill). Note that nearly all the literature except the type description is incorrect, actually describing Hoya melaflua subsp. fraterna Green. Hoya coriacea and Hoya fraterna by Ted Green 150 years ago, Karl Blume named Hoya coriacea so because the leaves are leathery (coriacea = leathery in Latin). Then, when another hoya was discovered that looked so much like coriacea, he named it Hoya fraterna (fraterna = brother, in Latin). 250 Incidentally, I have always considered plants to be feminine so I would have named the fraterna, sororia (sisterly, in Latin) instead. In another article I discussed the error about using the name Hoya fraterna Blume for the large leafed form of Hoy ci meliflua (Blanco) Merrill. In that article I renamed it Hoy a meliflua subsp. fraterna Green, recognizing the use of that name for over 100 years. To the best of my knowledge, the true fraterna was not recollected (or at least recognized as such) for 150 years but that ended in 1993 when Tony Lamb found it while we were collecting at Uluapinapin, Sabah, Malaysia. We were camped at about 2,000 ft. on the Apinapin River and he found it at about 2,600 ft., near to the river. I thought it was Hoya coriacea and gave it my collection number of 93023; unfortunately, this cutting failed to grow for me. Tony was successful with his cutting and at the Tenom Orchid Center at Tenom, Sabah, it grew into a large vine that subsequently flowered. Last year, a friend brought me a photo of the Dowering umber, some pickled flowers and a cutting from Tenom. I immediately recognized the handsome leaves and flowers as being close to, but different from Hoya coriacea Blume; differences great enough to make it another species, not just a variant of Hoya coriacea. That suggested Blume's long-lost Hoya fraterna. What a find and what a long way from the original place! And, best of all, it is now preserved forever in several hoya collections around the world, not just on another herbarium sheet at Leiden. A thumbnail sketch of Hoya fraterna Blume is: A terrestrial, tropical vine, closely related to and resembling Hoya coriacea Blume in general growth but differing in the shape of the flowers. As with H. coriacea , it has milky sap and does not root along tile stems. The leaves are shiny, whereas, those of Hoya coriacea are dull. I have found that H. fraterna has another character the same as H. coriacea. It flowers year-round and with little to no fragrance. Comparison: H. coriacea H. fraterna Leaf Umbel Flower Corolla Surtace matte Surface shmy Hemispheric to globulose, 35 - 75 flowers Hemispheric, 30-40 flowers Narrow shouldered, gold colored Reflexed, with shoulder even with bottom of corona; hairs to sinus Broad shouldered, chartreuse colored Reflexed, with shoulder even with middle of corona; hairs to shoulder Corona wide spreading, long, curved outward Erect, short, straight Peduncle (added) 2-2.5 inches long long 251 Culture: As with most robust hoya vines, Hoya fraterna desires a loose mix, moderate sunlight and regularly fertilized with a balanced fertilizer. Since it does not have succulent leaves, it should not be allowed to completely dry out. A good indicator of when it is time to water is the "leathery" feeling of the leaves. This is a robust vine so it needs room. Why not try it outside when the weather is good? Remember, not in the full sun. This is a handsome plant and with its head of golden flowers would make a fine addition to any collection. Ted Green Green: Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii 96730 Top is Hoya coriacea Blume. Bottom is Hoya fraterna Blume. Photo by Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii. 252 Photo by Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii. Photomicrographs follow of flowers sent via Ted Green March 1996. Plant collected in Borneo: Pedicel and base of calyx enlarged about 8X. Pedicel is straight or slightly curved, brownish villous, terete, 4.2 cm. long 0.09 cm. in diameter. Hair cells ca. 0.06 cm. long. Top view of the calyx enlarged about 8X. Here the sepals are long and narrow, outside hirsute and inside glabrous, 0.5 cm. long and base 0.8 cm. 253 There are stiff linear ligules present. Ovaries are columnar or cone shaped (pair) 0.19 cm. tall and base pair 0.12 cm. wide. Note: in the above type description Blume states “flowers larger and calyx segments smaller then H. coriacea. Here the sepals are 0.03 cm longer and the flower (flattened) 0.2 cm. smaller. Which makes me wonder if we have the correct species however the differences are small and this may be due to flowering conditions in my comparisons. Outside view of the flower enlarged about 8X, The corolla surface here is glabrous. Sepals hirsute, long and narrow even exceeding the corolla sinuses. Outside view of the corolla central portion enlarged about 8X. This surface is glabrous, center area is convex with a deep collar. Sinus- sinus 0.50 cm. Sinus - apex 0.62 cm. Sinus - center 0.40 cm. Apex - center 1 .00 cm. Corolla flattened 2.0 cm in diameter, cut below the middle. Inside view of the corolla lobe enlarged about 8X. This surface is velvety pubescent. Apex is acute. Ends of corona protruding from the left. 254 View of the ends of the coronal lobes enlarged about 8X. the lobes below are channeled with outer lobes raises exposing the channel, Central anthers are crepe-like in an unusual manner. Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Lobes channeled below, outer apex raised above the center and obtuse. Inner lobes with dorsal keel imbedded in the anthers not quite reaching the center, I suspect dentate . Anther wings narrow but prominent. End view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The outer surface is sulcate around the channel. 0.48 cm. from the apex to wings on inner side of channel. Anther wing - aw. 0.20 cm. Column about 0.07 cm. tall with a 0.24 cm opening, very fine hairs about the base. Anther enlarged about 16X. Normally anthers are triangular with an acute apex in most hoya species. Here the apex is rounded, surface crepe-like. The pollinia pockets (2) are at the base on either side of the dark central thickening. 255 This is a large pollinarium, here enlarged about 32X. Translator arms are narrow and long attached well down on the retinaculum., actually they seem to run down the side of the retinaculum below the waist to the extensions. Caudicles are club shaped with the wide end near the pollinia base. View of the pollinia and attachment to the caudicle enlarged about 165X. Pollinia. length widest Retinaculum length shoulder waist hips extensions Translator length depth Caudicle top length tail. 0.79 mm. 0.23 mm. 0.35mm. 0.14 mm. no differences no differences 0.03 mm. 0.03 mm, 0.02 mm. 0.15 mm wide 0.21 mm. without i Another view showing the translator and caudicle etc. enlarged about A the size of the above. Here you can see how the thin translator seems to run down the side to the extensions. Hoya fraterna Blume sn. (BISH) 257 Hoya gildingii Kloppenburg 2001 Type description: in Fraterna 14/4, 1-5, 2001. IPNI lists Frat. 15/1: 10 )2002. Hoya gildingii Kloppenburg sp. nov. Section Physostelma (Wight) Blume, affinis Hoya epediinculatae Schlechter sed coronae folia superne klever similis non acuta et retinaculum magnum non minuto. Typus 97009 ex hort. Eva Karina Wiberg, Borlange, Sweden, (BISH), From Mt. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia (Bukit Tapai Trail) 1995. A strong growing vine with linear lanceolate opposite leaves, lax or with the petioles upright along the stem. This is a campanulate flowered hoya with a very unusual inner coronal lobe in the shape of a cleaver, thin narrow with considerable depth. Unlike nearly all other campanulate hoya species this one has a relatively long large retinaculum. Pedicel: slightly curved, terete, smooth, glabrous or with an occasional granulose based hair 2.5 cm. long; enlarged somewhat approaching the calyx. Calyx: membranous, cupped inwardly, difficult to remove from corolla, sepals narrowly ovate with obtuse outer apex, no basal overlap, ciliate, prominent dark ligules at the sinus. 0.20 cm. long with base 0.10 cm. wide. Ovaries: long narrow dome shaped pair, adjoining surface flat, glabrous, smooth; waxy yellow color. Corolla: campanulate, lobes cut below the middle, lobe apex acute (flowers shaped like Hoya stenophylla Schlechter but larger), outside glabrous, inside glabrous except for a band of stiff hairs along the margins and under the crown, (hairs here are pointing toward the center), texture rather thin. Color yellow. Sinus to sinus 0.70 cm. Sinus to center 0.60 cm. Sinus to apex 0.80 cm. Apex to center 1.22 cm. wisest (lobe) 0.72 cm. so diameter flattened is 2.44 cm. Corona: cream colored, glabrous, waxy, smooth (except sides of lower groove finely sulcate) saddle shaped. Inner lobe knife-like (like raised cleavers) does not reach the center but is raised higher than the center. Ruffled edged anthers are exposed. Dorsal surface with keeled lines especially along the edges, outer apex turned over and emarginate, scale thick with basal side lobes, below openly channeled, internal edge far from the center, sides scooped into the broad, thick anther wing ends. A column in the center, much thickened. Apex to apex 0.40 cm.; widest part of dorsal scale 0.15 cm. Apex to center 0.46 cm. so diameter of corona is 0.92 cm. 258 Retinaculum to ret. 0.11 cm. Ret. to center 0. 12 cm. Pollinarium: relatively large with a long retinaculum with a distinctive long waist, and rounded broad hip area. Pollinia long tapering inward from the apex, caudicle bulbous, adhering to the rounded inner pollinium apex. Translators narrowly wedge shaped broadest near the retinaculum. This species has an unusual flared skirt like structure tight at the end of the retinaculum extensions flaring out to partially envelope the retinaculum. pollinia 0.69 mm. long, widest 0.22 mm., with pellucid outer edge, a narrow vacuole inward. retinaculum translator 0.34 mm. long, shoulders 0.12 wide, waist 0.05 mm., hips 0.11 mm.; extensions 0.10 mm. long (included in length) 0.1 1 mm long, ca. 0.02 mm depth. Caudicle bulbous portion 0.10 mm. diameter. Photos sent via e-mail from Torill Nyhuus, Sweden. Based on the coronal lobes this species could be placed in the Section Acanthostemma (Bl.) Kloppenburg Subsection Angusticarinata Kloppenburg. 259 Photomicrographs follow Top and side view of the calyx enlarged about 15X. Sepals 0.20 cm. long, base width 0.10 cm. Apex obtuse, edges ciliate; ligules at each sinus. Curved inward to conform to campanulate corolla. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Note the unusual and individualistic inner coronal lobe shaped like a cleaver. The scale is unusually thick vertically. 260 Outside and inside view of a portion of the corolla enlarged about 1 6X. Outside is View showing the apex of the stylar table with surrounding coronal scales (3) enlarged about 14X. The cleaver-like knife edged inner lobes are clear in this photo. Anther wings creped and cover the stylar table but are below the height of the inner coronal lobes. 261 Two views of the corona enlarged about 16X. Again showing the knife edged inner lobe the keeled edges of the dorsal surface of the lobes with the outer apex turned down. The retinaculum is well in from the outer end of the anther wings. Under side view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The lobes are openly channeled, the groove extending only a short way inward. The central column is thickened and about medium in length. 262 A composite of two micro-photos of this large pollinarium, here enlarged about 165X. Details covered under pollinarium above. The most notable thing i see here is the winged head area on the retinaculum and much rounded hip area almost cordate. The retinaculum also has long well defined extensions on the lower apex. This structure contrasts to all of Dr. Schlechter's Section Physostelma species which all have minute retinaculum. Because of the emarginate apex this species could be placed in the Section Acanthostemma subsection Angusticatrinata. I 263 Hoya glabra Schlechter 1908 Type description: In Beiblatt zu den Botanischen Jahrbiicher #92 40 (1908) 13. R. Schlechter. Hoya glabra Schltr. n. sp.; volubilis, alte scandens, ramosa, epiphytica; ramis ramulisque filiformibus elongatis, glabris, laxe foliatis; foliis patulis ovatis acuminatis, basi rotundatis, glabris, textura earnosis, 14 — 16 cm longis, infra medium 7.5 — 9.5 cm latis, nervis 3 primariis praecipue conspicuis, petiolo crasso 2.5 — 3.2 cm longo; cymis pedunculatis umbelliformibus 15 — 25 Boris; peduneulo crasso tereti, glabro, 5 — 6 cm longo, pedicellis Bliformibus glabris, 1.5 — 2 cm longis, glabris; floribus in genere mediocribus purpureis; calycis segmentis ovatis obtusis, glabris, margine tantum minutissime ciliolatis, vix 0.2 cm longis, corolla subrotata c. 1 cm diametiente, usque infra medium 5-lobata, lobis ovatis acutis reflexis, apice tantum subinconspicue puberulis, ceterum glabris; coronae phyllis earnosis horizontal ibus, superne ellipticis antice breviter rostratis, callo elliptico infra apicem ornatis, subtus oblongis obtusis, medio late foveolatis; antheris trapezoideis, appendice hyalina ovata obtusa, coronae folia vix excedente; polliniis oblique cuneato-oblongoideis, margine exteriore carinato- marginatis, translatoribus perbrevibus, retinaculo minuto; stigmatis capite conico. Borneo: auf Baumen in der Waldern an Long-Wahau (R. Schlechter n. 13458, bliihend im August 1901). Mit H. latifolia Bl. am Nachsten verwandt. Translation: twining, high climbing, branched, epiphytic, branches and branchlets threadlike elongate, flexible, glabrous, loosely leaved; leaves outspread ovate acuminate, base rounded, glabrous, fleshy texture, 14 — 16 cm long in the middle 7.5 — 9.5 cm wide, 3 primary nerves especially conspicuous, petiole thick 2.5 — 3.2 cm long; cymes pedunculate formed like umbels of 15 — 25 flowers; peduncle thick round, glabrous, 5 — 6 cm long, pedicels threadlike glabrous, 1.5 — 2 cm long, glabrous; flowers midsize in the genus, purple; calyx segments ovate, obtuse, glabris, margines only minutely ciliate, barely 0.2 cm long, corolla somewhat rotate about 1 cm in diameter, 5 lobed to below the middle, lobes ovate acute apex reflexed, apexes barely somewhat conspicuously puberous, otherwise glabrous; leaflets of the corona fleshy horizontal, above elliptic in front briefly beaked, with a beautiful ornate elliptic apex below, below oblong obtuse, in the middle broadly channeled, anthers trapezoidal appendages ovate hyaline leaflets of corona barely exceeding; pollinia oblique cuneate-oblong, exterior margines with keels, translators very small, retinaculum minute, stigma head conic. Borneo: on trees in the forest near long-Wahau (Schlechter n. 13458, blooming in August 1901) Most closely allied to H. latifolia Blume.* Compilers Notation: * Blume did not name a H. latifolia , the species was named by George Don. Other descriptions. In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Straits Branch (Spec. #) (1921) 506. H. 264 Ridley. 5. Hoya glabra Schltr. in Engl. Bot. Jarb. 40 (1908) Beibl.92: 14. Borneo. Schlechter 13458. Endemic. In The Asclepiadaceous Works of Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (1992) 30. A. Nicholas. H. glabra Schlechter (Schlechter 13458) - 14. In Dr. Schlechter’ s ffoya Species (1993) 68-69. (Translation) R. D. Kloppenburg. Hoya glabra Schlechter Published by Dr. R. Schlechter in: Botanische Jahrbiicher, Beiblatt 40 #92 (1908) 13 "Borneo Is.”. Twining high climber, branched, epiphytic; branches and branchlets threadlike, elongate, flexible, glabrous, loosely leaved; leaves outspread ovate acuminate, with the base rounded, glabrous, texture leathery, 14-16 cm. long, below the middle 7.5-9.5 cm. wide, with the 3 primary nerves especially conspicuous; petiole thick 2. 5-3. 2 cm. long; cymes pedunculate, shaped like umbels, 15-25 flowered,; peduncle thick, round, glabrous 5-6 cm. long, pedicels threadlike, glabrous 1.5-2 cm. long, glabrous; flowers in general midsize, purplish; with the segments of the calyx ovate obtuse, glabrous, margins to a degree only, ciliate, barely 0.2 cm. long; corolla somewhat rotate about 1 cm. in diameter, 5 lobed all the way to below the middle, lobes ovate acute, apex reflexed, with the tip to a degree only somewhat inconspicuously puberulous (downy), otherwise glabrous; with the scales of the corona fleshy, horizontal, above the middle broadly pitted; anthers trapezoidal, with the appendages hyaline, ovate obtuse, with the apex of the corona barely exceeding; pollinia oblique cuneate-oblong, exterior margin keeled, translators very short, retinaculum minute; with the head of the stigma conic. Borneo: On trees in the Forest at Long-Wahau (Schlechter #13458, flowering in August 1911). Most closely allied with H. latifolia Blume. 265 Hoya glabra Schlechter, 1908, Type # 13458 (B) \l^ rH, U,,i ■ L r" ■■ r l I'nJtt-npflfiClM* tipk'dJltiul unik unJ dw Hbfre. AS C j .eg! e to. SaMm*!** 266 Ho ya glabra Schlecliter SK ttt (R> ! Aiigu*.! |HIE CbUecI-T1(1 hj- Ih . fi,tKJ«hl-W il T ,nfl.[j- W;ih;m Copy from Type sheet by Dale Kloppenburg. 267 Hoya imperialis Lindley 1846 Type description: In Botanical Register below t. 68 (1846) Lindley. Malaya (Edward's Ornamental Flower Garden and Shrubbery). New Garden Plant. Hoya imperialis. H. imperialis (Hoyae verae); caule volibili, petiolis costaque tomentosis, foliis coriaceis anguste oblongis ciliatis glabris aveniis apiculatis apice recurvis basi rotundatis v. leviter cordatis, pedunculis tomentosis pendulis foliis brevioribus, umbellis multifloris, sepalis ovatis obtusis tomentosis, corollae maximae lobis triangularibus stellatim patulis ciliatis intus laevibus fauce tomentosa, coronae stamineae foliolis compressis bilobis lobo interiore acuto subdentato postico ovato obtuso. This is the most noble climbing plant we have ever seen. Beautiful specimens in flower have for some months been in our possession, sent from Borneo by Mr. Lowe, June; but we have refrained from publishing an account of them, under the supposition that no living plant had reached England. We are now, however, able to state, that the plant is in the possession of Mr. Lowe of Clapton, who has already begun to put it into the trade. Imagine, then, a true Hoya, with wooly stems, leaves six inches long, and clusters of the most magnificent flowers, forming a diadem of ten rays; each flower fully three inches in diameter, and with the delicate texture of the common Hoya carnosa , and he will have some notion of this superb species. In Mr. Lowe’s letter from Sarawak, dated January 12, 1846, we have the following account of its discovery. “On the next day, when in the territory of the Gumbang Dayaks, I found another curious plant, belonging to Asclepiads; it is epiphytic climber; there was but one individual, growing from the decayed part of a tree, also overhanging the river. The flowers are large and in umbels; the leaves are leathery; and the stem abounds in white, perhaps acrid, juice. The contrast between the purple of the petals and the ivory white of the parts of fructification renders it highly beautiful." This species is certainly new, unless it should be the Asclepias Sussuela of Roxburgh, a Moluccan plant, said to have flowers nearly three inches in diameter; but that botanist cites, without any doubt, the Corona Ariadnes of Rumphius, which has flowers only as large as a shilling (denarius), and therefor cannot be the species now described. Neither can this be the Hoya speciosa of Decaisne, which has the flowers velvety inside, and only one inch and three-quarters across; nor the Hoya grandiflora of Blume, which has leaves wooly beneath. Those glorious species are still to be imported, one from Java, the other from Amboina, and either would form an invaluable addition to our gardens. Translation: Stems twining, petioles thick tomentose, leaves leathery narrowly oblong, ciliate, glabrous, without veins, apiculate, recurved apex with the base rounded or slightly cordate, peduncles tomentose, hanging down smaller than the leaves, multiflowered umbels, sepals ovate obtuse tomentose, lobes of the corolla large triangular, star shaped outspread ciliate inside smooth and with the throat tomentose, leaflets of the staminal corona compressed, bilobed, interior lobes acute somewhat tooth-like outer ovate obtuse. 268 Other literature: In Repertorium Botanices Systematicae (1846) 743 (493). Under Additamentia. Pag. 493. No. CXXV. 1. Hoya imperialis Lindl. Bot. Regist. (New Ser.) 1846. And. Ad t. 68. Caule volubilis, petiolis costaque tomentosis; foliis coriaceis anguste oblongis ciliatis glabris aveniis apiculatis, apice recurvis, basi-rotundatis vel leviter cordatis; pedunculatis tomentosis pedunculis, folia brevioribus; umbellis multifloris; sepalis ovatis obtusis tomentosis; corollae maxime lobis triangularibus steliatim patulis ciliatis, intus laevibus, fauce tomentosa; coronae stamineae phyllis compressis bi lobis, lobo interiore acuto subdentato, postico ovato obtuso. Cresent in insula Borneo. Translation; Stems twining, petioles and midrib tomentose; leaves leathery narrowly oblong ciliate, glabrous veinless apiculate, apex recurved, base rounded or slightly cordate; peduncles pendulous and tomentose, leaf short; umbels many-flowered; sepals ovate obtuse tomentose; lobes of the corolla large triangular star-like outspread ciliate, inside smooth, throat tomentose; leaflets of the staminal corona bilobed compressed interior lobes acute somewhat tooth-like, the back ovate obtuse. Lives in the island of Borneo. In Botanical Magazine (1848) t. 4397. (Curtis’s) Hooker. Hoya imperialis. Imperial Hoya. Nat. Ord. Asclepiadeae, — Pentandria Digynia. Gen. Char. Calyx, brevis pentaphylluls. Corolla rotata plus minusve alte 5-fida, laciniis planis v. reflexis, aestivatione valvata. Corona staminea 5-phylla, foliolis depressis patentibus v. plus minusve gynostegio verticaliter adnatis, carnosis angulo interiore in dentem antherae incumbentem producto. Gynostegium breve. Antherae membrana terminatae Massae pollinis basi affixae, oblongae, comprtssae, connivientes, saepius margine pellucidae. Stigma muticum cum papilla media obtusa v. subapicu latum. Folliculi laeves v. appendiculis instructi, subpolypteri. Semina comosa. — Frutices v. suffructices hidica v. Moluccani, rarissime Africani, volubiles, scandentes aut decumbentes, foliis carnosis v. coriaceis v. membranaceis, floribus umbellatis umbellis extra-axillribus saepius multifloris. Dene. Hoya imperialis ; volubilis, ram is petiolis pedicellisque pubesccntibus, foliis (spithamaeis et ultra) obovato-lanceolatis coriaceis brevissime acuminatis subobscure parallelim venosis, pedunculo foliis longiore flexuoso-pendulo umbella pluriflora, floribus maximis purpureo-fuscis nitidis, corollae lobis cordato-triaugularibus marginibus axillas versus praeepue reflexis fauce elevata libera, coronae stamineae albae foliolis in medio arete approximate compressis carnosis bilobis lobo exteriore crasso dorso piano, interiore dentiformi lobum est. aequante. Hoya imperialis Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1846, sub. fol. 68. Hoya Sussuela. Roxb. FI. Ind. v. 2. p. 31 ? Dr. Lind ley does not say too much of this plant when he remarks, in the place above quoted, “this is the most noble climbing plant we have ever seen:" and this was spoken of the dried specimens we believe, aided by flowers preserved in spirits. With greater truth may it be said of the living plant, now that we have had the pleasure to see it exhibited in full flower at the Horticultural Fete in the Regent's Park Gardens (June, 269 1 848), where it obtained the highest prize given for new plants, and again in the stove of the fortunate possessors of this rarity, Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co., at their Exeter Nursery. A cluster of its flowers is indeed one of the most striking objects we have ever seen; the leaves too are large and handsome. It is a Hoya with glossy fleshy leaves of a deep purple chestnut colour, having, the expanded flowers full three inches in diameter! rendered more conspicuous by the ivory-white of the central column of fructification. It was detected in Borneo by H. Low, Jun., Esq., who sent living plants to the Clapton Nursery, where it was purchased by Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co. " Hoya imperialis requires a strong rich soil in order properly to bring out its numerous large thick flower-trusses, which are produced from different parts of its twining stem. We have used a compost of equal parts of loans, rotten leaves, and peat, with some flakes of dry half-decayed dung intermixed, and a liberal supply of sand and broken crocks blended with the whole. The plant which we exhibited was trained round a low circular trellis, not exceeding three feet in height, and independently of the expanded truss from which the drawing was made, there were several others in different stages upon it. We have also one planted in a comer of the stove, which is twining round n single wire over the path, and upon this there are trusses of flowers ready to expand, having eleven flowers on each. This 1 think will be found to be the best method of treating it, for with its long pendant bunches of large flowers, overhead, it is a most striking object. Each individual flower lasts a very long time in bloom, and is highly fragrant in the evening and all the night. 1 send you herewith some of the dried juice of Hoya imperialis , it hardens almost directly after being taken from the plant, and flows so copiously from the wound that I cannot help thinking it may be found available for some useful purpose." — Pince. I think this will prove to be the Asclepias Sussuela of Roxburgh, from the Moluccas, who has erred in quoting Rumphius' Sussuela," and whose specific name is consequently untenable. His character, brief as it is, sufficiently accords, and he describes the corolla as ’'nearly three inches in diameter." It seems to be a free flowering and fragrant. Descr.: A climber of quick growth, with rounded, downy, dark green branches. Leaves opposite, on short, terete, thick, downy footstalks, from six to nine inches long, obovato-lanceolate, acuminate, coriaceous, thick, firm, slightly convex above, but even (not waved), with obscure; patent, rather distant, parallel nerves, dark green above, paler beneath, and downy on the costa. Peduncle extra-axillary, much longer than the leaves, terete, downy; flexuose and pendent, terminated by a very large umbel of from nine to fourteen fragrant flowers! Each three inches in diameter. Pedicels downy. Calyx of five, downy, very obtuse, oval sepals. Corolla rotate, pale purplish, downy, within rich purple-brown glossy, pale in the center: segments spreading, cordate-triangular, the faux elevated, loose around the column. Staminal crown large, projecting, ivory fleshy, glossy: follicles two-lobed; outer lobe large, oval, compressed, flattened on the back, rather obtuse; the inner forming a sharp erect tooth, as long as the outer lobe. Translation: General Characteristics. Calyx short 5 leaved. Corolla rotate plus or minus high 5-fid, flaps flat or reflexed, with valvate aestivation. Staminal corona of 5 leaflets, leaflets depressed flat and plus or minus adnate to the varticular gynostegium, fleshy, 270 inner angle produced into a tooth incumbent upon the anthers. Gynostegium short. Anther membrane terminating with pollen masses affixed at the base, oblong, compressed, contacting, often with the margines transparent. Stigma pointed with papilla in the center, obtuse or somewhat apiculate. Follicles smooth or provided with small appendages, somewhat many winged. Seeds comose. Shrubby or somewhat shrubby from India or the Moluccas rare in Africa, twining climber or prostrate, leaves fleshy or leathery or membranaceous, flowers in umbels, umbels from the axils often multiflowered Decaisne. Hoya imperialis , twining, stems petioles, peduncles pubescent, (leaves very broad and large) obovate-lanceolate leathery briefly acuminate acute veins parallel somewhat obscure with many flowered Umbels, flowers large purple-brown, shinny, lobes of the corolla cordate triangular and the axillary margines especially turned under (revolute) free of the elevated throat, leaflets of the white staminal corona in the center confined compressed together, fleshy, bilobed, exterior lobes thick back flat, interior lobe tooth- like, not equal. 271 This picture above taken from was from the Botanical Magazine 1848 in the library at Berkeley, California. The same drawing appears in Fleur des Series 1848 only reversed. 5 EFT. r. 1 -A.' ■■ ■ V L#fl 1 '*■ I - ■■■* + - Jtf r. 7i w 1*' v <, • . fi1 1- /+ r - The same picture in black and white for beter detail of the drawing. 272 In Flower Garden 12 (1848) 164. (Paxton’s) Hoya imperialis. This is another handsome plant, introduced by Mr. Low, two years since from Borneo, and exhibited by Messrs. Pince and Co, Nurserymen, Exeter, in flower for the first time, at the June Fete of the Royal Botanical Society. The plant has a fine and noble habit, with handsome foliage. The flowers, six in number radiate at the end of a short stem about eight inches long, and are of a brownish purple colour, with a large raised pure white star-like substance in center; they are glossy and wax- like, about two inches in diameter. In Fleur des Serres 4 (1848) 393-394. A copy of Botanical Magazine publication, but in French. In Annales de la Societe Royal D’ Agriculture et de Botanique 4 (1848) 413-414. Hoya imperialis. Lindl. (Hoya imperial) Classe Pentandrie. Order Monogynie. Famille naturelle. Asclepiadacees. Tribe Pergulariees. (Voir pour la description du genre, tome II, p. 401 de ces Annales.) Car. Spec. H. imperialis. Lindl. Caule volubili, petiolis costanque tomentosis, foliis coriaceis anguste oblongis ciliatis petiolis costaque tomentosis; foliis coriaceis anguste oblongis ciliatis glabris aveniis apiculatis, apice recurvis, basi-rotundatis vel leviter cordatis; pedunculatis tomentosis pendulis, folia brevioribus; umbellis multifloris; sepalis ovatis obtusis tomentosis; corollae maxime lobis triangularibus steliatim patulis ciliatis, intus laevibus, fauce tomentosa; coronae stamineae phyllis compressis bilobis, lobo interiore acuto subdentato, postico ovato obtuso. Car. spec. H. imperial. Lindl. (Same as Botanical Magazine, preceding, however in French). Nous avons deja, a deux reprises, parle de cette plante remarquable, la premiere fois, en rendant compte de l'article de M.. Lindley, insere sans planche dans le dernier volume du Botanical register 1846, (N° 68 ); la seconde fois, en citant l'article de sir William Hooker sur le meme vegetal, (Annales, tom. Ill, p. 2t, tom. IV, p. 341.) Cet Hoya est une des plus belles creations vegetales qu'on puisse voir. Roxburg le connaissait deja sous le nom d'Asclepias sussuela et Favait rencontre aux Moluques. Rumph ne l'avait pas vu, puisqu’il etait aveugle, mais il fa decrit sous le nom de Corona Ariadnes. Ce nom de couronne d'Ariane meriterait de lui etre conserve, car on ne peut pas trouver une plante, dont une branche fleurie forme mieux a elle seule une veritable couronne des plus elegantes et des plus somptueuses. M. Lowe, juoior, la decouvrit de nouveau a Borneo et fenvoya en Angleterre. M. Lindley decrivit d'abord cette espece au moyen d'exemplaires fleuris, conserves dans l’esprit de vin, mais sir William Hooker fut plus heurex; il put faire sa description d'apres nature, car la plante parut en fleur a f exposition du Regents-park, en juin 1848. Sa beaute lui fit decerner incontinent et sans conteste la premiere medaille pour les planles nouvelles en fleur. La figure ci-jointe donne une idee de la richesse de cette vegetation. Une tige forte en forme de liane, cylindrique, verte, charnue mais resistante; les feuilles opposees, oblongues et coriaces, d’un beau vert; de longs pedoncules termines par des ombelles de huit a dix fleurs, celles-ci grandes, en forme d'etoiles pourpres et la couronne staminale dun blanc un peu jaune. Le derriere ou le dessous des petales au lieu d'etre pourpre est d'un jaune un peu fauve, ce qui ajoute encore a la beaute du coloris, deja si riche de cette 273 belle pi ante. Les details de cette couronne en rapport avec la description donnee plus haut, sont figures separement. Nous rappellerons ici, que le 12 janvier 1846, M. Lowe decrivit dans une lettre datee de Sarawak, comment il parvint a retrouver le Russuela de Roxburg. II fait connaitre que ce fut sur le territoire de Gumbang, en parcourant les collines, qu'il vit pour la premiere fois cette asclepiadee dont un seul individu grim pail sur un arbre rnort et pendait au-dessus d'une riviere. II etait precisment en fleur. Dans le pays natal, M. Lowe remarque qne la couronne stam inale etait d'un blanc d’ivoire pur. Sir William Hooker l'a fait peindre jaunatre. II est probable que c'est la necessite d'ombrer le blanc, qui aura fait adopter cette teinte et que naturellement ces organes sont blancs. Culture. Une terre fort riche en principes alibiles, du loam ou terre tranche argileuse, du terreau de feuilles, de la terre de bruyere sablonneuse, du fumier animal, les premiers reunis par tiers et la tout melange avec un peu de sable, blanc, siliceux et aere par des poteries cassees; tel est le sol dans lequel cette asclepiadee se developpe a merveille. On la place dans une serre chaude ou la pleine terre lui convient encore rnieux. Le soir et la nuit, la fleur exhale un parfum des plus exquis. La reproduction se fait par boutures en bache chaude. Translation: (Latin). Stems twining, petioles and midrib tomentose; leaves leathery, narrowly oblong ciliate, glabrous without veins, apiculate, apex recurved, base rounded or slightly cordate; peduncles tomentose hanging down and leaf short, many flowered umbel; sepals ovate obtuse tomentose, lobes of the large corolla triangular, starlike outspread ciliate, inside smooth, throat tomentose, leaflets of the staminal corona compressed bilobed, interior lobe acute somewhat tooth-like, outside ovate obtuse. (French ) We already have, has two retaking, speak of this remarkable plant, the first time, while giving account of the article of M. Lindley, insert without board in the last volume of the Botanical register 1846, (no. 68); the second time, while mentioning the article of sir William Hooker on the same plant, (Annals, tom. Ill, p. 2t, tom. IV, p. 341.) This Hoya is one of the most beautiful plant creations that one can see. Roxburg the connaissait already under the name of Asclepias sussiiela and had him meeting to the Moluccas. Rumph had not seen him, since he was blind, but he described it under the name of Corona Ariadnes. This name of Ariadne crown would deserve to be it preserved, because one is not able to find a plant, of which a branch in bloom shape better has it alone a real crown of the more elegant and of most sumptuous. Mr. Lowe, junior, discovered it has Borneo again and sent it to England. Mr. Lindley first described this species from bloom, preserved in spirits while living, but sir William Hooker was more happy; he, made his description of it after nature, because the plant appeared in flower at the exhibition of the Regent-park, in June 1848. Its beauty made him award incontinent and without dispute premiere medal for the new plants in flower. The enclosed page gives an idea of the wealth of this vegetation. A strong stem in shape of liana, cylindrical, green, fleshy but resistant; the opposite, oblong leaves and leathery of a beautiful green; of long stalked finish by umbels of eight to ten big flowers, in the shape of crimson stars and the staminal crown white dun a little yellow. Below on 274 the underside of the petals instead crimson centers are yellow or a little fawn, which adds to the beauty of the coloration again, already so rich for this beautiful plant. Details of this crown had report with the higher description data, are separately faces. We will recall here, that January 12, 1846, Mr. Lowe described in a letter dated from Sarawak, how he arrived has recover the Russuela of Roxburg. He makes know that it was in the territory of Gumbang, in wandering hills, that it lives for the first time this asclepiadee of which only one individual climbed on a dead tree and hung above a river. It was prominently in flower. In the native country, Mr. Lowe notices that the staminal crown was a white or pure ivory. Sir William Hooker made his painted yellow. It is likely that it is a necessary shade of white, that will have made adopt this hue and that naturally these organs are white. Culture: An earth rich strong part in principles alibiles, of the loam or clay straightforward earth, of the compost of leaves, of the gritty heather earth, of the animal manure, the mixture united by thirds and then all mixed with a little sand, white, silica and for aeration with broken poteries; such is the soil in which this Asclepiads develops is itself a marvel. One places it in a hot greenhouse or the full earth is even again better. In the evening and the night, the flower exhales a most charming perfume. Reproduction makes himself by cuttings in a hot awning. In Transactions of the Royal Horticulture Society 5 (1850) 80. 4. Hoya imperialis. Lindley, in Botanical Register, 1846, under plate 68. Presented to the Society by Messrs. Veitch and Son, of Exeter in 1848. There are two varieties in cultivation of this noble plant: one with long, flat, sharp-pointed leaves, figured in Botanical Magazine, t. 4397; and the present, with shorter, blunter, and wavy leaves, which is what was originally described. Both have large flowers, greenish on the outside and stained with deep purple all over the inside of the corolla, the coronet remaining straw-coloured, and they are among the finest of the stove-twiners in cultivation. If the purple of the corolla were more brilliant, they would be almost unrivaled. A strong climbing plant, growing freely in a mixture of sandy peat and leaf-mold if placed in a strong moist heat. It is easily increased by cuttings in the usual way, and the flowers freely at different times all summer and autumn. A fine shrub for places where there is plenty of room up the rafters, in the stove, or it may be trained round a trellis in a pot. 275 r VJIt iiop iRi|iir a'1*' TRANSACTIONS OF THE RHS, Vo l - 5, 60 (1650} 276 In Magazine of Botany 15 (1851) 214. Paxton. Hoya imperials. Imperial Hoya Dr. Lindley does not say too much of this plant when he remarks, in the "Bot. Reg.," 1846, fol. 68, that this is the most noble climbing plant we hare ever seen." A cluster of its flowers is indeed one of the most striking objects; the leaves, too, are largo and handsome. It is a Hoya with glossy, fleshy leaves, of a deep, purplish chestnut colour, having the expanded flowers full three inches in diameter! rendered more conspicuous by the ivory white of the central column of fructification. It was discovered in Borneo by H.. Low, jun., Esq., who sent living plants to the Clapton Nursery, where it was purchased by Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co. It requires a strong rich soil, in order properly to bring out its numerous large thick flower-trusses, which are produced from different parts of its twining stem. We have used a compost of equal parts of loam, rotten leaves, and peat, with some Hakes of dry half-decayed dung intermixed, and a liberal supply of sand and broken crocks blended with the whole. Each individual flower lasts a very long time in bloom, and is highly fragrant in the evading and all the night. (Bot. Mag., 4397. In the Cottage Gardener 8 (1852) 50. D. Beaton. Hoya imperialis (The Imperial Hoya) This is indeed, a noble plant, worthy of the utmost care and skill of the cultivator! Just and look at the dimensions of one flower now laying before us. It is full three inches across, and the umbel from whence it was taken had ten of the these large flowers upon it. The diameter of the umbel measures eight inches; the stem of the umbel is seven inches long; and the stem of each separate flower is four inches; altogether forming one of the finest umbels of flowers ever seen. The colour of the flower, indeed, is not so bright as a Scarlet Anemone, yet it is very pleasing. The calyx is five-parted, green, and very small for so large a flower, the corolla is also five-parted, forming a star-like appearance, each part is triangular-shaped and turned back a little on the edges; the colour is a reddish chocolate, shaded off in the centre with creamy white, the nectaries, five in number, are large and of a yellowish white. Between each there is a small dark coloured spot, the whole flower is highly polished and glossy, like ivory or wax. The leaves are large as the leaves of the common laurel. They grow in pairs, are of a pale lovely green, and covered with silky down. Now, we would ask, is not this faithful description the picture of a fine, first rate, desirable plant? We think it is; and our readers who have never seen it, and have the means of growing it, ought immediately to procure it, the price being now reasonable. 7s. 6d. Culture. — This fine plant was discovered by Mr. Low, jun., growing wild in the woods of Borneo, in perhaps the hottest climate in the world, consequently it requires a warmer stove in this country than the preceding species. The soil it thrives well in with us is a compost of peat, loam, and leaf mold, made very sandy and well drained. It will thrive better if there is the convenience of a bark-bed to plunge the pot in, in which the plant is growing. In is that situation it will grow rapidly, and flower soon. Our plant is only two years old, and it has at present two umbels in flower, and several others showing; and no doubt would have been much larger had it had a bark-bed to stimulate its growth still more. However, it will encourage those who have not the convenience of a bark-bed to grow it in to cultivate so noble a plant. It strikes easily: for incipient roots may be observed appearing on the stem of the plant. Short shoots with two leaves make the best cuttings: place them singly in thumb pots chiefly of sand, under a hand glass, and a 277 fortnight they will be rooted, and may then be hardened off gradually and repotted. As it is a climbing plant it may either be trained to a trellis, or, which is the best method, may be trained along the roof of the stove. In this way it shows off its fine flowers to greatest advantage. It requires moderate supplies of water even in summer, but in winter very little will be sufficient. In Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 (1852). G. W. Walpers. H. imperials Lindl. — Wlprs. Repert. VI. 751. No. 1. - Hook. Bot. Mag. Tab. 4397. — Van Houtte, Flore des Serres IV tab. 393. 394. — Morren, Ann de la soc. D’agricult. De Grand IV. 413. tab. 226. — Lind. Jour. Of the hort. Soc. V. 81. C. lc. In Tuinbouw Flora 1 (1853) 69-70. W. H. DeVriese. 8. Hoya imperialis Lindl. Het epitheton imperialis duidt genoogzaam aan, dat deze plant van eene uistekende en zeldzame schoonheid moet zijn. Deze Hoya is eene der schoonste van dit geslacht. Zij is afkomstig van Borneo, en is van dear gezonden door Low. In 1848 werd deze plant bekroond met den grooten prijs, voor nieuwe planten, bij gelegenheid van de tentoonstelling in Regent-Park. Bij een uitnemend schoon gebladerte, heeft deze Hoya bloemen van 8 cent, in middellijn die eene bruine paarse kleur hebben, terwijl het kroontje, ‘t welk in het midden van do bloem zich bevindt, wit is. De bloemen staan op schermen en worden gedragen door eenen laden, afhlangenden steel. Des avonds en gedurende den nacht geven zij eenen zeer aangenamen geur. De kultuur heeft plaats in boomgrond (bois pourri), bladaarde, mest. Men bindt de planten langs kolommen of standaards, en in horizontale rigting, ten einde de bloemsehermen kunnen afhangen. Vochtigheid en warmte zijn de voornaarden van de kultuur dezer prachtige gewassen. (Afb. Lindl., Bot. Reg. 68. 1846. Hook. Bot. Mag. T. 4. 4397. FI. D. serr. 1848. 393-4.) Translation: (by Albert Hofman) It Hoya imperialis duidt clearly indicates, that this plant must have a distinctive and rare beauty. This hoya is one of the most beautiful of the genus. It comes from Borneo, sent from there by Low. In 1848 this plant was awarded with the first prize for new plants at an exhibition in Regent-Park. This has exceedingly beautiful foliage, and flowers of 8 cm. diameter, with a brown-purple color, whereas the little crown, sitting in the middle of the Power is white. These flowers are in umbels and are supported by a long depending stalk. In the evening and during the night they produce a pleasant odor. The culture takes place in the tree soil, leaf mold, manure. One should tie these plants along columns and standards in a horizontal direction so the umbels ban hang down. Humidity and w armth are the cultural conditions for these gorgeous plants. In Gartenflora (1855) 282. b) Hoya imperialis Lindl. var. rauschii. (Hierzu Tafel 130.) Asclepiadeae. Die prachtige Hoya imperialis mit ihren machtigen braunen Blumelldolden-bluhet gegenwartig unter der sorgsamen Pflege des Hrn. kraft, Gartners bein Hrn. Rausch in Schafthausen, in 2 ver schiedenen Formen. Von diesen ist die erstere, die achte Hoya imperialis , wie, sie das Botanical Magazine und nach diesem alle andern Journale abgebildet. Die Blumenkrone ist hier brnunpurpur, mit breit-oval-deltafornigen Lappen, die so lang als breit sind. Die zweite Varintat erhielt Her. Rausch von Mackoy in Luttich, als Hoya imperialis. Sie hat eine lackroth gefarbte viel hellere Blumenkrone, deren Lappen 278 lanzettlich-deltafbrmig, also langer als breit sind. Da Herr Rausch uns die Freiheit genommen, sie nach ihm zu nennen. ' Gehort als Schlingpflanze zu den schonsten Zierden des Orchideenhauses. Kultur. Grtfl. II. Band S. 350. Translation: The splendid Hoya imperialis , with its immense brown flower umbels, at present flowers under the attentive care of Herr. Kraft, gardener with Herr Rausch at Schaffhausen (Switzerland) in 2 different forms. Of these the first is the true Hoya imperialis , as portrayed by the Botanical Magazine and after that all other journals. The corolla is in this case brown-purple, with broadly deltoid lobes, which are as long as they are broad. Mr. Rausch obtained the second variety from Mackoy at Ltittich, a Hoya imperialis. It has a lacquered-red coloured much paler corolla, its lobes lanceolate- deltoid, which are therefore longer than broad. Since Herr Rausch sent this form to us, so we have taken the liberty of naming it after him. As a vine it is one of the most beautiful ornaments of the orchid house. * i . r t.-t/ft* 279 In The Cottage Gardener and Country Gentlemen's Companion (1856) 78. Hoya imperialis. Presented to the Society by Messers. Veitch and Son, of Exeter, in 1848. There are two varieties in cultivation of this noble plant: one with long, flat, sharp-pointed leaves, figured in Botanical Magazine, t. 4397; and the present, with shorter , blunter, and wavy leaves, which is what was originally described. Both have large flowers, greenish on the outside and stained with deep purple all over the inside of the corolla, the coronet remaining straw-coloured, and they are among the finest of the stove-twiners in cultivation. If the purple of the corolla were more brilliant, they would be almost unrivaled. A strong climbing plant, growing freely in a mixture of sandy peat and leaf-mold if placed in a strong moist heat. It is easily increased by cuttings in the usual way, and the flowers freely at different times all summer and autumn. A fine shrub for places where there is plenty of room up the rafters, in the stove, or it may be trained round a trellis in a pot. (Horticultural Society's Journal.) In Flora Indiae Bataviae 2 (1857) 527. F.A. W. Miquel. 37. Hoya imperialis Findl. Caulis volubiles, petioli cum costs tomentosi, folia e basi rotundata vel leviter cordata anguste oblonga apiculo recurvo terminate, coriacea, avenia, glabra, ciliata, pedunculi tomentosi penduli folio breviores, umbellae multiflorae, sepala ovate obtuse tomentosa, corollae maximae laciniae triangulates stamineae patulae ciliatae, intus laeves, fauce tomeutosa, coronae stamineae phylla compressa sursum acuta subdentata, postice ovata obtuse. Findl. Bot. Reg. 1846 adn. Tab. 68. Hook. bot. Mag. tab. 4397. Van Houtte FI. D Serr. IV. Tab. 393, 394. Morr. Ann. De Gand IV. P. 413, tab. 226. Findl. Jour. Hortic. Soc. V. p. 84 cum icone. Borneo. Translation: Stems twining, petioles along with the midrib tomentose, leaves at the base rounded or slightly cordate narrowly oblong with the apical end recurved, leathery, no veins, glabrous, ciliate, peduncle tomentose, short at the foot of the blade, multiflowered umbel, sepals ovate obtuse, tomentose. Feaflets of the large corolla staminal triangular, outspread ciliate, inside smooth, throat tomentose, leaflets of the staminal corona compressed upwards somewhat dentate, rearwards ovate obtuse. In Manual of Cultivated Plants. F. H. Bailey. H. imperialis, Findl. Fofty climber, with puberulent stems and foliage: lvs. elliptic or linear-oblong, obtuse but with a short point: fls. Immense (2-3 in. across), leathery, dull purple, somewhat pubescent near the white crown, the segments triangular- acute: umbels drooping on long peduncles; follicles 9 in. long. E. Indies. M. 4397. F.S. 4:393 -4. — A noble Hoya, requiring very rich soil and a rather high temperature. Although naturally a very tall climber, it can be made to flower in pots when 3 to 4 ft. high. In Annales Botanices Systematicae 5 (1858) 506. G. W. Walpers. leones addendae. Hoya imperialis Findl. var. Rauschii. ( Regel Gart. FI. 1855. P. 282. tab. 132. Corolla pailidiore, laciniisque ejus lanceolato-deltoideis. Translation: Corolla pale, lobes the same lanceolate deltoid. 280 In The Garden 18 (1880) 355. “The Hoyas or Honey Plants”. Z. B. Hoy a imperialis is a magnificent species, with leaves from 6 in. to 9 in. in length, and large purplish flowers, each about 3 in. in diametre, produced in umbels of about from nine to fourteen flowers. These are very fragrant at night, and will last a long time in water. This drawing appears in The Garden Jan 20, 1883. There is a long poplar article concerning the culture etc. of this hoya species. I did not copy it here. In The Flora of British India (1883) 59. J. D. Hooker.29. H. imperialis, Lindl. In Bot. Reg. 1846, t. 68 in note, and in Jour. Hist. Soc. V. 80, with woodcut; leaves 6-9 in. elliptic or linear-oblong obtuse apiculate very thick puberulous or glabrate beneath; peduncles and pedicels long stout, sepals rounded-ovate, corolla 2 !4- 3 in. diam., follicles stout woody. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3397 *, copied in FI. Serres, iv. T. 393: Ann de Grand. 1848, t. 228. ? H. speciosa, Dene. In DC. Prodr. Viii 635. ? Asclepias Sussuela , Roxb. FI. Ind. Ii 31, excl. syn. Malacca, Maingay.(Distrib. Borneo,? Amboina). A lofty stout climber. Leaves 1 A- 2 A in. diam., rarely acute, shining, base often narrowed and cordate, midrib very stout, nerves quite horizontal; petiole %- lA in. Peduncles 3-10 in.; pedicles 2-3, and sepals pubescent. Corolla leathery dull purple, puberulous near the corona, lobes triangular acute. Coronal-processes white, laterally compressed erect, turgid, obtuse, inner angle shortly produced into a subulate point. Follicles 9 in. long by 1 Vi in. diam. Straight, lanceolate, finely acuminate, pubescent; pericarp thickly coriaceous, endocarp hard. Seeds % in long. * Numbering error, should be 4397. 281 In The Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Gardener (1883) 254. Hoya imperial is. “E.M” asks us “Which is the handsomest plant to cultivate and train in a trellised pot?” This is a wide question, and we can only reply that the plant so cultivated and trained which we have never seen surpassed was a Hoya imperialism and of that plant we here publish a portrait. It was exhibited by Messers. Lucombe, Prince, & Co., of Exeter. This beautiful flowering climber was thus noticed by Dr. Lindley at the time of its first introduction in 1846: — "Imagine a true Hoya, with woolly stems, leaves 6 inches long, and clusters of the most magnificent flowers, forming a diadem of ten rays; each flower fully 3 inches in diameter, and with the delicate texture of the common Hoya carnosa , and you will have some notion of this superb species. In Mr. Lowe's letter from Sarawak, dated January 12th, 1846, we have the following account of its discovery: — “On the next day, when in the territory of the Gumbang Dyaks, I found another curious plant, belonging to Asclepiads; it is an epiphytic climber; there was but one individual, growing from the docked part of a tree, also overhanging the river. The flowers are large and in umbels; the leaves are leathery; and the stem abounds in a white, perhaps acrid, juice. The contrast between the purple of the petals and the ivory white of the parts of fructification renders it highly beautiful. It requires a strong rich soil to sustain fully its numerous large flower-trusses, which are producer throughout the lengths of its twining stem. At Kew they used a compost of equal pails loam, decayed leaves, and peat intermixed with sand and broken crocks mixed liberally throughout. Each flower lasts a long time without fading, and is highly fragrant throughout the evening and night. ((Botanical Register (Botanical Magazine.)) In The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening 2 (1884) 156. G. Nicholson. H. imperialis (imperial).* fl. reddish-brown, very large, about 3in. across, waxy; umbels 8in. to 9in. in diameter, and eight to ten-flowered. June. L. 6in. long, slightly tomentose, light green. Borneo, 1847. A very noble plant. (B. M. 4397.) In Sukkulenten (1892) 16. Rumpler & Schumann. 3. Hoya imperialis Lindl. Kaiserliche Wachsblume. Die langen verastelten, stielrunden Triebe sind in der Jugend filzig. Die Blatter werden tiber spannenlang, sie sind oblong-lanzettlich, lcurz zugespitzt, fleischig und kurz gestielt. Die lang gestielte, lockere, hangende Dolde besteht aus 8 — 1 0 Bliiten, deren Blumenkrone dunkelbraun ist, wahrend bie wachsartige Corona weisz ist. Translation: Imperial wax-flower. The long branched, instincts stalk-round is small in the youth. The leaves become long over time, they are oblong-lanceolate, sharpened shortly, fleshy and shortly petiloled. That long petiole, seduces, hanging umbel has from 8-10 blooms, its corolla is dark brown, while the waxy Corona is white. In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 4 (1903) 565. King & Gamble. 5. Hoya imperialis Lindl. In Bot. Reg. (1846) under t. 68, in note, and in Journ. Hort. Soc. V. 80 with woodcut (1850). A stout climbing shrub, rooting on trees and probably epiphytic; branches rounded, dark green, puberulous, puncticulate and with papery bark when dry, reaching 5 in. in diam. Leaves fleshy coriaceous, membranous when dry; elliptic or elliptic-oblong, obtuse or shortly acuminate or apiculate at apex, rounded at base or 282 slightly cordate; both surfaces shining when dry, glabrous above, puberulous or glabrate beneath; margins slightly recurred; 6 to 9 in. long 1.5 to 2.5 in. broad; midrib stout and broad, pubescent on both Sides; main nerves many, more than 12, but difficult to enumerate, nearly horizontal, at first straight, then branching anastomosing; petiole .25 to .5 in. long., stout, pubescent. Umbels many-flowered (about 10), on short, often strongly tubercular and cushioned; rachises at the ends of stout pubescent axillary peduncles 3 to 10 in. long; pedicels stout, pubescent, 2 to 3 in. long; buds large, rounded above, produced below in 5 short recurved angles; flowers with corolla dark purplish-brown above, cinnamomeous beneath, the corona white or pale yellow Calyx membranous, puberulous without, scurry within; lobes ovate-ciliate, 2 in. long; scales minute, triangular. Corolla leathery, 2 to 3 in. in diam., the puberulous tube a little shorter than the ovate-triangular acute lobes, which are at first much incurred, afterwards spreading. Corona of 5 laterally compressed processes; the lower lobes erect, obtuse, deeply 2-cleft and pubescent in the clefts the upper-lobes also erect-subulate-acuminate. Staminal- column short, broad; anther-cells broad; appendages membranous, broadly winged, acuminate; pollen-masses flattened, oblong, truncate at both ends, .075 in. long, attached by short slender caudicles to the thick, trigonous, horny, brown, pollen -carriers. Style-apex pentagonal, the angles rounded below, ridged above, the ridge joining in an acuminate cone. Follicle T, lanceolate-acuminate, 8 to 9 in. long,. 1 in. broad; pericarp leathery, opening flat, at first puberulous; afterwards glabrous, striate when dry. Seeds obovate, flask-shaped, .2 in. long, trigonous above, truncate at tip and bearing a silky white coma 2 in. long; testa corky, pale brown, albumen copious; cotyledons thick, ovate, cordate at base, .1 in. long; radicle .075 in. long, thick. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3397*, -copied In FI des Serres TV. tt. 393, 394 ; Ann. de Gand (1848). t. 228, Jour. Hort. Ser. 3. XXV. 485; Miq. FI. hid. Bat. II. 527; Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. IV 59. Hoy a splendens , Maingay MS. Asclepias Sussuela , Roxb. FI. Ind. II 31 (excl. syn.)? Malacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1135. Distrib. Borneo (Beccari 4001, Motley 1041). *correct is t. 4397. In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 399. H. N. Ridley. (16) H. imperialis Lindl. Bot. Reg. Under t. 68; Bot. Mag. t. 3397*; King, l.c. 564. A shrubby climber. Leaves fleshy, elliptic or oblong, short acuminate base rounded; nerves horizontal, numerous; 6 to 9 in. long, 1.25 to 2.5 in. wide; petioles .25 to .5 in. long. Umbels of about 10 flowers on a short rachis; pedicels 3 in. long; peduncles 3 to 10 in. long. Calyx-lobes .2 in. long. Corolla spreading, brown purple, 3 in. across, whitish outside, tube shorter, lobes ovate-triangular acute. Corona white, lower lobes erect, obtuse, 2-cleft; upper lobes subulate acuminate. Follicles 1 lanceolate acuminate, 8 to 9 in. long, 1 in. through. Hab. Very7 rare, growing in mangroves in Borneo; easily known by its very large purple flowers. Malacca (Maingay) Distrib. Borneo, corolla-lobes spreading, star-like. Flowers over 1 in. across, deep purple (16) H. imperialis. * numbering mistake, should be 4397. (Repeating Hooker’s and King's mistake) In Plantae Elmerianae (UC Press) “Bomeenses” 15 (1929) 257-258. E. D. Merrill. Hoya R. Brown. Hoya imperialis Eindl. in Bot. Reg., n.s. 9; sub pi. 68. 1846. 283 No 20629, near **Tawao. Suffrutescent and rambling over dense thickets near tidal streams, the flowers 2 to 3 inches across when spread, the calyx and corolla outside green, the latter dull red inside. Endemic? Lindley's species was described from Bornean material, and the specimen cited apparently agrees with the original description and with the illustration in Curtis's Botanical Magazine, pi. 4397. In my Enumeration of Bornean Plants (p. 506), * I reduced it to Hoya sussuela (Roxb.) Men*. Interpret. Herb. Amb. 438. 1917, which may be the correct disposition of it; unfortunately no Moluccan material is available to me at this time for purposes of comparison. * This is not an Eriostemma as Hoya sussuela (Rox) Merrill is, see the pollinarium of Hoya imperial is Lindley. ** Kim Yap informs me the spelling should be Tawau, a timber town on the east coast of Sabah. In The Cyclopedia of Gardening (1930) 1613. L. H. Bailey. H. imperialis, Lindl. Lofty climber, with puberulent stems and foliage: lvs. Elliptic or linear-oblong, obtuse but with a short point; fls. Immense (2-3 in across), leathery, dull purple, somewhat pubescent near the white crown, the segms. Triangular-acute: umbels drooping on long peduncles: follicles 9 in. long. E. Indies. B. M. 4397. F.S. 4:394. R.H. 1900:576. J. H. Ill 55:443. G. 7:607. A noble hoya, requiring very rich soil and rather high temperature. Although naturally a very tall climber, it can be made to flower in pots when 3 to 4 ft high. In A Handbook of Succulent Plants (1954). (Reprint 1960). H. Jacobsen Hoya imperialis Lindl. E. India .... Freely growing trailing shrub; stalk, petioles, leaf ribs and pedicels covered with felt; 1. tough-leathery, elongate, minutely acuminate, recurved at the tip, rounded at the base, or slightly cordate, smooth; f. umbels pendent, fl. 5 -7cm across, dark purple, greenish outside. Beautiful, freely growing species, suitable for planting in warm house. Hoya imperialis var. rauschii. Hort. Variety with lighter varnished-red flowers. In Dictionary of the Royal Horticulture (1965) 1st Edition 1951. H. imperialis. Tall climber with downy stems and 1. elliptical or linear-oblong obtuse with a short point, 6 to 9" long, slightly hairy, fl. Reddish-brown or dull purple, about 3 in. across, waxy, 10-fid. drooping on long peduncles. Borneo. 1847. B.M. 4397. Needs rich soil and a rather high temperature. In Exotica III (1976). A. B. Graf. H. imperialis (Malakka, Borneo) “Honey Plant”; tall robust climber with felty stems and elliptical, leathery shiny leaves 15-22 cm. long lightly downy, margines wavy; waxy flwrs. Reddish brown, about 8 cm. across, the crown cream- white in pendent clusters, needs rich soil and high temperatures. In Complete Handbook of Cacti and Succulent Plants. Clive Lines H. imperialis, Lindl. A trailing species with stems, leaf ribs and stalks covered with felt. Leaves very tough, elliptic, somewhat downy. Flowers very beautiful on pendent umbels, darkish 284 purple with greenish centered. In Exotic Plant Manual. A. B. Graf. H. imperialis. Same as in Exotica III (1976) below. In Exotica III (1978) 1631. A. B. Graf. Hoya imperialis (Borneo), tall climber with downy stems and elliptic shiny leaves lightly downy, margines wavy; flowers with cream corona in reddish-brown, waxy flowers to 7 cm. across. In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 503. “The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya” R. E. Rintz. Fig. 18. Hoya imperialis Lindl. a) section of stem; b) corona in side view; c) corona in top view; d) flower in median section; e) twin-pollinia. From F. C. Fogh in 19.3.1941, liquid collection. 14) Hoya imperialis Lindley, Bot. Reg. t. 68 (1846). Type: Borneo (?) (not seen).- -FIG. 18. Distinguishing Features. STEMS very thick and smooth. FEAVES fleshy, oblong with obtuse or shallowly cordate bases; up to 16cm long by 5 - 6cm wide; PEDUNCLE reflexed, rigid (?), 10 - 12cm long. UMBEL positively-geotropic, convex with flexnous, uniform pedicels c 8cm long; 1-10 flowers. COROLLA lobes spreading, fleshy,: very finely pubescent inside; 7 -8cm diam; deep red. CORONA blunt and massive, upper lobe with a conical process; entirely yellow. CORPUSCLE wide, clavate. FOEE1CEE c. 23cm long by 2.5cm diam. Ecology: Recorded from mangrove and lowland forests in Johore, Melaka, Perak and Selangor; not common. Distribution: Borneo. 285 ^ IS. Hvyj rwpt'r&Sh Limit, a) ifiiiun ul siem. It) fOTnn i :n $.u.h vitw. < ) eomru cn Tup viru . l1 i llivw er m median scmnn. e) tu in-pr*]!lmM Krurtl t- t /■>• ^ *'■ in ] rl lolltihuP 286 In Hortus III (1979). & In (1976) 574. H. imperialis, Lindl. Puberulant-stemmed, climber, Ivs. Obovate to oblanceolate to 9 inches long, peduncles longer than the leaves, umbels pendulous, loosely few-fld; corolla up to 3” across, lobes purplish but darker towards the base, corona whitish. Borneo. In Ashingtonia 3 (1980) 5/6. 2. Hoya imperialis Lindl. Bot. Reg. (1846), sub. t 68. This has for long been recognized as possessing the largest flower in the genus — no other species comes anywhere near squalling its stature! Like so many other well-known plants with long-standing and accepted names, the title is open to question. In one of the more recent and popular publications on wild plants, Dr. Brian Morley in his Wild Flowers of the World suggests that this should be synonymous to Hoya sussuela: (Roxb.) Men*., a plant discovered by Sir Hugh Low, in 1847 and subsequently introduced into Europe by him in the mid- 19th century. The specific title 'imperialis' has remained constant for many years, and if indeed its popular and dignified epithet is to be sunk into the synonymy of Hoya sussuela , it will probably be a long and equally un-welcomed process, even if valid reasons are on its side. The plant is one of noble and superb appearance, features which emphasize the value of its title Hoya imperialis , and the author certainly had excellent perception. Whichever title is acceptable — the habitat is more or less the same. They are equatorial plants, they could hardly be more so — from parts of Malaysia, Borneo and the Moluccan islands, now part and parcel of Indonesia, and probably this area, with all its numerous islands affords scope for an even larger distribution than has already been disclosed. Incidentally, the late Professor Jacobsen in his 'Lexicon' gives the habitat solely as Peninsula India. It is a robust, vigorous species of climbing habit with somewhat tomentose branches and stems. Leaves are fresh or pale green, leathery, lightly pubescent, elliptic in shape with slightly wavy margins and slender, almost pointed tips, and inclined to be cordate at the base, and smooth, in all 16-22cm long. Flowers are long-lived, fragrant and borne in large pendulous umbels, frequently 20-24cm in diameter, each flower being about 7cm across, and as many as 8-14 individual warlike flowers in each cluster. The corolla lobes are fleshy and thick, dark purple or reddish; on the inner surface, and somewhat greenish ore greenish-yellow externally, each lobe with a pronounced pointed apex. The corona segments are cream-coloured and prominent, and these alternate with the corolla lobes. Flowering is mainly in June an July. It does not readily produce seed in cultivation, and it would seem preferable to hand pollinate to try and ensure success In this respect. The seed capsule is in the form of a large 'horn' enclosing numerous brownish seeds, each affixed to a whitish parachute. In cultivation a moist, sunny position is necessary — sun is an essential to flowering! Soil must be completely lime-free-the richer the mixture, the better. Temperatures must not drop below 15°C for safety, even higher is preferable. Propagation is from seeds or by stem cuttings which root fairly easily — but its a matter of first finding someone with a plant and willing to divide it. In Asklepios (1992) 24-26. P. I. Forster & A. J. Liddle. Asclepiad Profile no.. 2. Hoya imperialis Lindl. by Paul I. Forster and David J. Liddle 1) Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Old 4068, Australia. 287 2) P.O. Box 794, Mareeba, Old 4880, Australia. Hoy a imperial is Lindl., Bot. Reg. 32: after t. 68 in note (1846); Lindl. in Hook., Bot. Mag. 74: t. 4397 (1848); Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. 5: 81 (1850); J. D. Hook., FI. Brit. India 4:59 (1885); Rintz, Malay. Nat. J. 30: 501, t.18 (1978). Type: Borneo. Gumbang Dyaks. (not located by Rintz 1978). Epiphytic liane, latex white. Stems cylindrical, up to 8 m long and 5 mm diameter; internodes up to 15 cm long, with dense indumentum when young, scattered indumentum when old. Leaves petiolate lamina elliptic-obovate, up to 16 cm long and 6 cm wide, fleshy, discolorous; upper surface dark green venation obscure, glabrous or with scattered indumentum on edge; lower surface pale green, with 1517 secondary veins faintly visible, tertiary venation obscure; tip acute; base rounded, cuneate, cordate; petiole up to 1 1 mm long and 3 mm diameter, ± flattened on top, with sparse indumentum; colleters 1 or 2 at lamina base. Inflorescence pendant, umber convex. Cyme umbelliform to racemiform, up to 13 cm long; peduncle up to 13 cm long, 4-5 mm diameter, with scattered indumentum; bracts ovate, 0.60.8 mm long, 0.6-0. 8 mm wide, with scattered indumentum. Flowers c. 2 cm long, 5-6 cm diameter; pedicels 42- 50 mm long, c. 3 mm diameter with scattered indumentum. Sepals lanceolate-ovate, 6-7 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide, glabrous, ciliate; colleters 1 at each sinus base. Corolla Battened campanulate, pink-red; tube 14-15 mm long, 25-27 mm diameter, glabrous; lobes triangular, 25-26 mm long, 18-20 mm wide, incurved at anthesis, glabrous. Staminal corona c. 1 cm long, 1.8 cm diameter, yellow; lobes c. 6 mm long at outer edge, 10 mm long at inner edge, 4.8 mm wide, 8 mm broad, outer edge rounded and incurred, top incurved and spathulate. Staminal column c. 8 mm long and 10 mm diameter, anther appendages lanceolate-triangular, 2-2.3 mm long, c. 2 mm wide; alar fissure c. 3 mm long. Style-head depressed- globose, c. 5 mm diameter. Pollinarium 2. 7-2.8 mm long, 1.6-1. 7 mm wide; pollinia narrow-oblong, 1. 9-2.1 mm long, 0.68-0.7 mm wide, with pellucid germinating mouth on outer edge, corpusculum ovate, 0.81-0.86 mm long, 0.75-0.8 mm wide; caudicles c, 0.23 mm long and 0. 14 mm wide, unwinged. Fruit and seed not seen. Fig. 2. Specimens Examined: Malaysia: Malacca, 1867-1868, Maingay 1135 (L); Mersing, Apr. 1934, Doux s.n. (SING); Senebal, Aug. 1929, Mahmood 15530 (SING); Port Dickson, Apr. 1924, Handover s.n. (SING). Borneo: Pasin Pandjang, Oct. 1964, Ebener 1170 (L); Bern, Mt. Njapa on Kelai River, Oct. 1964, Kostermans 21314 (BO); Mt. Kinabalu, ENE Dallas, Mt. spur, Dec. 1931, Clemens 27640 (BO); *Tawao, Oct. 1922 - Mar. 1923, Elmer20629 (BO). Sumatra: Belawan River, May 1929, Lo'rzing 15743(BO, L). * Kim Yap informs me the spelling should be Tawau, a timber town on the east coast of Sabah. Cultivated: Emerald Creek, Mareeba, Liddle IML222 ( BRI ) . Distribution and Habitat: Restricted to northern Malaysia where it grows in mangroves and lowland rainforests (Rintz 1978). Notes: The original place of publication for this species is somewhat unusual in that the 288 diagnosis and brief discussion is on an unnumbered page directly following **t.68. At this stage we have not pursued the problem of whether or not a type specimen actually exists for this species; however, it may be inferred from Rintz (1978) that one is not extant at BM, K or L, and a lectotype may have to be chosen from one of the plates published by Lindley. H . imperialis evidently created a sensation when it was first displayed in flower. Hooker (1848) states Exhibited in full flower at the Horticultural Fete in the Regent's Park Gardens (June, 1848), where it obtained the highest prize given for new plants. It is still one of the most beautiful of the large flowered Hoyas, and is a lot easier to flower than some other species like those in the * section Eriostemma. Cultivation: This species is easily grown if it is given a well-watered compost, with some organic matter, and plenty of strong, filtered light. It will not tolerate cold in conjunction with compost wetness. Hooker (1848) recommended a compost of equal parts of loam, rotten leaves and peat, with some flakes of dry half-decayed dung intermixed, and a liberal supply of sand and broken crocks blended with the whole. Little seems to have changed since 1848! Acknowledgments: We are grateful to the Director of the Rijksherbarium (L) for loan of material, and the Directors/Curators of Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) and Singapore Botanic Gardens (SING) for enabling us to examine holdings at those institutions. References: Hooker, W. J. (1848). Hoy a imperialis Curtis's Botanical Magazine 74: t. 4397. Rintz, R. E. (1978). The Peninsular Malaysian species of Hoya (Asclepiadaceae). Malayan Nature Journal 30: 467-522. * Do not confuse this species with those (now) in the Genus Eriostemma. This has been done in the past. ** It seems obvious to me the type is Lindley’ s drawing t.68 (1846). In Tropica 4 (1992) 1020 A. B. Graf. Hoya imperialis (Borneo) “Honey plant”; tall climber with silky stems and elliptic shiny leaves lightly downy, margines waxy; flowers with cream corona in reddish-brown, waxy flowers to 7 cm across. Tropical. Herbarium Sheets: In The Philippine Hoya Species by Dale Kloppenburg: Hoya imperialis Lindley in Botanical Register 1846, plate 68. Type Borneo, (evidently from dried material and flower in spirits). Key #4 A noble climbing plant rooting and rambling along tree trunks and high in coastal trees but also found rooted in the forest litter. It seems to prefer mangrove locations at least in the Philippines on both coasts of the Island of Palawan. Discovered on Palawan in 289 1993 by Ted Green and David Gumming. It is a strong grower with large woolly stems. Leaves 6 inches long, elliptic-oblong, obtuse or shortly acuminate, undulant deep green, lighter green below, rounded at the base to subcordate, nerves pimiate, many somewhat obscure almost horizontal to the midrib then branching and anastomosing, almost identical in leaf form, color and shape to the trees in which it prefers to grow. Umbels of 6-12 flowers 2.5-3 ” in diameter flat, with stout pedicels 5-7 cm. long, from equally stout peduncles 7-20 cm. long, both pubescent. Flowers waxy various shades from pale to deep purplish brown with cream to pale yellow coronas. Calyx membranaceous, lobes ovate- ciliate. Corolla lobes spreading, fleshy inside finely pubescent. Corona blunt and massive, inner lobe with a horned process back from apex. Literature Rep. Bot. Sys. (1846-1847) 743; Curtis Botanical Magazine 1848:4397 FI. Des Ser. 6 (1848) 310; Flower Garden Mag. Paxton 12 (1848) 164; Trans. RHS 5 (1850) 80; The Cottage Gardener 1852:50; Tuinbouw FI. 1 (1853) 69; Gartenfiora 1855: 282; Flora Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 527; FI. v. Ned. md. 1(1856); Jour, of Hort/Cott. Gdn. 1863:254; The Garden 18 (1880) 354; FI. Br. md. 4 (1883) 59; Jour. Royal Asiatic Soc. Bengal Br. 75 #2 (1908) 563; FI Malay Pen. 2 (1923) 369-; Plant. Elm, Borne. 15 (1929) 257; Ann. de la Soc, RA et Bot. 4 (1848) 413; Malay Nat, Jour. 30 (1978) 503; Ashingtonia 3 (1980) 5/6; Mag. Bot. 6:2 14. Elmer #20629, 1923; Ramos #1230, 1930; Beccari #4001; Maingay #1 135, Motley #1041; #20629 near *Tawao. All from Borneo. Meaning: imperialis -L. imperialis, Of the empire, or emperor, imperial. Of high stature. * Kim Yap informs me the spelling should be Tawau, a timber town on the east coast of Sabah. Herbarium Sheets: Hoya imperialis Lindley N. Borneo 1230 (US) Hoya imperialis Lindley N. Borneo 20629 (GH) Hoya imperialis Lindley s.n. (BO) Hoya imperialis Lindley (BO) Hoya imperialis Lindley N. Borneo (BO) Hoya imperialis Lindley (BO) Hoya imperialis Lindley Malay Peninsula (SING Hoya imperialis Lindley Malaysia, Malacca 1135 Maingay (L, K.D.) Hoya imperialis Lindley Mersing s.n. 1934 Doux (SING) Hoya imperialis Lindley Senebal 15530 1929 (SING) Hoya imperialis Lindley Port Dixon s.n. 1924 Handover (SING) Hoya imperialis Lindley B orn eo . Pas in Pandj ang 1170 1964 Ebenar(L) Hoya imperialis Lindley Bern, Mt. Njapa 21314 1964 Kostermans (BO) Hoya imperialis Lindley Mt. Kinabalu 27640 1931 Clamens (BO) 290 Hoya imperialis Lindley Tawao 20629 1923 Elmer (BO) Hoya imperialis Lindley Sumatra, Belaswan River 15743 1929 Lorzing (BO, L) Hoya imperialis Lindley Philippines 1230 1930 Ramos Hoya imperialis Lindley Borneo 4001 Baccari Hoya imperialis Lindley Borneo 1041 Motley Hoya imperialis Lindley Near Tawao 20629 Mottley * Kim Yap informs me the spelling should be Tawau, a timber town on the east coast of Sabah. Note: recently an “alba” form of this species was discovered on the Philippine Island of Palawan. A WHITE HOYA IMPERIALIS In 1993 David* and Odette Cumming asked me to go collecting with them - to the Southern Philippine islands of Mindanao and Palawan. I jumped at the chance for I wanted to collect plants close to the famous Wallace Line**. I had met David in Australia but didn't know how he would be to travel with but what the hell! Of course the best part of the trip was on Palawan for there were tons of Hoyas - with H imbricata being the commonest one there. Before, I had looked everywhere on other islands for H. imbricata and hadn’t found it. There it was all over the mango and monkey-pod trees - by the bushel basket. As I had hoped, we did find 2 hoyas that were from the South (Borneo) side of the Wallace Line and had never been reported from the Philippines before. These were H coriacea and II imperials. I was overjoyed for I recognized both plants even without any flowers. We found the coriacea far down the South West coast and imperial is on both the middle — west and middle-east sides of the island. The coriacea was scrambling over a large rock and both of the H. imperials were from the inland edge of a Mangrove swamps. Usually, when I collect I get several cuttings from a vine and leave the roots and major part of the plant in place - to grow on. On the East Coast at the 42k north marker, we got some cuttings of imperialis and when they-flowered proved to be an unusual yellow to pink form but at the same location I got a small, 4 inch seedling. It was growing in debris that had lodged in the fork of an old Mangrove and was about 5 feet above the ground and in about 75% shade. Well, I took it -roots and all. Later, I made a mistake in my field book and listed it as coming from Sabang, on the West Coast. Five years later, that small seedling has grown into a large 6 ft vine with several stems and is scrambling up, and sharing a clumping palm tree with H. Kerrii and H. ciliata, in my yard. In October 498 I got the shock of my life for it bloomed with 10 — 3” 291 handsome WHITE flowers. I say white but it does have a bit of a greenish cast. Still, it is the alba form of Hoya imperialis. If I were to make a guess I think that this albino is probably a one in ten thousand happening. That trip was very successful - an unusual Yellow-pink imperialis and a White Imperialis -both handsome things that would make fine additions to any collection. * David Cummins, who has been a friend for about 10 years, was a Medical Technician at a hospital in Brisbane, Australia, and an avid succulent collector. About 3 years ago, he and Odette (whom he met in the Philippines and subsequently married) gave up Australia and moved to Bathurst, South Africa and set up farming (which hasn’t proved to be that profitable). Of course, he still collects succulents, in that succulent-shopping-market of the world! Still, no Hoyas in South Africa. ** Alfred Wallace, the English botanist-naturalist, was a contemporary of Charles Darwin and lived in Borneo for some years. During that time, he noticed and postulated about natural selection (just as Darwin did) but more important to me was that he observed that most of the plants north of a certain line resembled northern species and south, southern species. That area is most pronounced is a line that passes between Borneo and the Philippines and has been dubbed the Wallace Line. This is a line of cross-over of species. Even a side loop was created to separate out Palawan from the rest of the islands to the east. Article in Fraterna by Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii, USA. Hoya imperialis Lindley (alba form) photo by Ted Green 292 Page below from The World of Hoyas a Pictorial Guide by Dale Kloppenburg: U -.H ;i I EH J I [ I'Ll I i', : 111..:: ■ v 293 294 Hoya imperialis Lindley, # 20629 (GH) iL 3! J. 295 296 * ' Hoya imperialis Lindley # (BO) 297 Hoya imperialis Lindley # .... (BO) 298 Hoya imperialis Lindley (SING) 299 Hoya kastbergii Kloppenburg 2003 New Borneo Hoya Species via Lise Rastrup Larsen (Denmark) obtained from Arne Kastberg, who collected it on a travel to Borneo. Type description: In Fraterna 16/4, 1-5, 2003. Hoya kastbergii Kloppenburg sp. nov. Holotypus 102003 (UC), affinis Hoya diptera (Seemann) sed folia fere circularis non ovato-ellipticus acuminatus, glabra, carnosis nervis et costa obscura. Floribus eburneus sed coronae lobis rubra, differt. This species is closest to Hoya diptera Seemann but the foliage is circular not ovate elliptic acuminate, glabrous (both species are) with obscure nervation. The flower color is cream colored with a phoeniceous red corona. The species was collected by Arne Kastberg in the area of Bau, south West from Kuching, Sarawak, Borneo. It was growing as an epiphyte, 4-5 meters up in a large tree in partial shade at an elevation of about 300 meters, the ground there was limestone. Arne has operated a garden center for twenty years "Stenasa Garden Center", in Sweden. Leaves: nearly round 6 cm. long x 4.5 cm. wide, with variation, nerves obscure, glabrous, medium green. Flower: 1.5 cm. in diameter ca. Color pale yellow with a red-lilac corona, no fragrance, lasts ca. 10 days, peduncle ca., 5.5 cm. pedicel ca. 1.0 cm. Plant: has clear sap, grows like H. carnosa R. Br. Pictures below sent by Lise Rastrup Larsen 300 301 The following are photomicrographs and data from material sent via Lise Rastrup Larsen. Photo ca. 16X of pedicel, calyx and outer corolla area. Pedicel: terete 2 cm. long, glabrous with lenticels and extremely short bent hair calls pointing apically. Side view of the pedicel, calyx and ovaries. Calyx: outside glabrous from a bulbous base. Center - apex 0.15 cm. Base - apex 0.10 cm. Very slight overlap at the base. Ligules present. Ovaries: very short, glabrous, 0.15 cm. tall, 0.14 cm. at base pair. Top view of the calyx and ovaries. There is a piece of the corolla left attached at the lower Right. Calyx is very membranous, apex rounded to narrowly rounded. Outside surface of the corolla enlarged. This surface is glabrous, pale yellow color, deeply cut broad above the sinus area. Sinus - sinus 0.35 cm. Sinus - center 0.30 cm. Sinus - apex 0.50 cm. Center - apex 0.75 cm. Widest 0.48 cm. 302 Corolla inside view enlarged. This surface is finely pubescent most dense on lobes less so under the corona. There is a raised collar ca. 0.04 cm. tall with an opening here 0.07 x 0.12 cm. in diameter. View enlarged of the corona and inner corolla surface. The center is raised, scale lobes tapering outward and outer apices emarginate and nearly reaching the corolla sinuses. Naturally d deep red-lilac color, with corolla a pale yellow-rose. Note the thickness of the scales and the lower narrow lobes at the base, which extend to the apex. Top view of the corona enlarged, about 8X, natural color rose-lilac. Dorsal surface rounded with elongated groove in center. There are narrow side lobes, which extend from near the retinacula to the apices. Apex - apex 0.30 cm. Apex - center 0.32 cm. Retinacula- ret. 0.07 cm Ret. - center 0.07 cm. Anther Wing - aw. 0.17 cm. Aw. - Center 0.17 cm. 303 Lower view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The sides are sulcate and center grooved. The narrow extensions curve inward more tightly toward the apex. There is a thickened collar in the center. All surfaces here are glabrous. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged over 16 times. Inner lobe is spatulate and turned up over the anther. The narrow shelf along the lower side of the scale is typical of the subsection Angusticarinata Kloppenburg. This shelf extends to the apex making it emarginate. Anther wings are not deeply scythe shaped. Surface is finely sulcate. An enlarged view of the staminal crown, to the back and right are two scales (the other 3 removed) exposing the pentagonal table. The center is a raised column with a short tapered apical area. In the old literature this was mistakenly thought to be the stigma. It is plane to see the spatulate nature of the inner lobe on the upper left scale. Magnified over 400X is the translator caudicle area of the pollinarium showing how the darker (more structured) translator arm supports the clear caudicle; both narrow greatly as they enter the retinaculum, where they are attached internally. The translators and bulbous clear pollywog like caudicles enter the retinaculum at the hip area. The translators support the caudicle, which in turn adheres to the pollinium. The bi- symmetrical nature of the retinaculum is due to secretions from a split in the top of the stigmatic surface. 304 A distinctive pollinarium, with delta winged translator arms. Poll ini a length 0.44 mm. widest 0.18 mm. Retinaculum length 0.17 mm head 0.07 mm waist 0.04 mm hip 0.06 mm extensions 0.06 mm Translators are delta wing shaped from ret - lower end 0.12 mm. outer edge 0.10 mm. Caudicle bulb 0.07 mm. Note: This species belongs to the Section Acanthostemma Subsection Angusticarinata. 305 Hoya Kloppenburgii T. Green, Sp. Nova (Asclepiadaceae) 2001 Type description: In Fraterna 14/2, 11-16, 2001. Latin: Affinis Hoyae hypolasiae sed folia limbis et flora cum instita ornatis subcoronis differens. English: Closely allied to Hoya hypolasia but differs in leaf edge and the flower with a ornate skirt under the corona . Type: From living collection of Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii, TG 97057, from Nabawan, Sabah, Malaysia, on the under-story small trees and bushes. BISH. A rigid, wiry, moderately robust vine, rooting along stems, with hard, opposite, lanceolate leaves, matte, dark green upper surface with occasional flecking, erose, heavy, thickened edge to blade, underside dull purple with 2-4 mm green edge, 10-21 cm long and 4-5 cm wide, apex acute base cuneate. Pinnately veined, with secondary veins at 45 - 60 degrees to midvein, nearly obscure. Petiole curved, 0.7 cm long and 0.4 cm in diameter. Calyx 0.5cm in diameter, glabrous. Peduncle persistent, bearing a geotrophic, slightly concave umbel of 10 to 15 yellow-gold flowers. Sap milky white. Follicle not seen. Pleasant fragrance. Flower dimensions of clone: Corolla, 2 cm in diameter, glabrous top surface, pubescent bottom surface Corona, 1 cm in diameter with fluted skirt beneath. Coronal, lobe, ovate, 2 mm. x 4 mm. Pedicel, 0.12 in diameter x 2.5 cm long. Calyx, 0.5 in diameter, glabrous. Pollinia, 6.6 mm x 2.3 mm Etymology: This handsome Hoya is named after Dale Kloppenburg, of Fresno, California, a life-time friend and researcher of the genus Hoya. Conservation: Presently under propagation and being distributed worldwide. Its distribution in Sabah is not known and with the extensive timber harvesting, clearing and reforestation might be in danger of near extinction. Ted Green Green: Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii 96730 306 FLOWER UMBEL, TIPPED UP FOR BETTER DISPLAY 307 Hoya Kloppenburgii Green 2001 A species collected at Tenom Orchid Center, Sabah, Malaysia originally collected at Rundum at 3,000 elevation. A rigid wiry plant with opposite leaves, ovate-elliptic to obtuse, dull dark green upper surface with fine silvering on the somewhat lacunose surface, edges curve under slightly, edges ragged and often thickened, underside also dull with purplish blush to irregular blotching, concave with midrib enclosed. Blade 10 cm. long and 5-6 cm. broad, apex acute base usually obtuse. Petiole curved, becoming corky with age, round but flattened on top, 1.7 cm. long and 0.6 cm in diameter. Stems with adventitious rootlets, new growth purplish, becoming corky; internodes 5-15 cm. long, 0.5 cm. ± in diameter; nodes enlarged. Photomicrographs of flowers sent to the editor (Dale Kloppenburg) by Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii in Oct. 2000. Ted's collection number 97057. Views of the calyx, ovaries and pedicel. The pedicel is glabrous, curved, terete and pinkish purple in color, rather short thick, 2.5 cm. long and 0.12 cm. in diameter. Calyx flares backwards, is 0.48 cm. in diameter, reaches only 1/3 the way to the corolla sinuses, glabrous; sepals 0.19 cm. long and 0.09 cm. widest, small ligules present. Ovaries are narrow and long tapering to an acute apex. 0.20 cm. tall base of pair is 0.09 cm. wide. Photo of outside (left) and inside (right) corolla surfaces enlarged about 8X. Outer surface is glabrous, inside pubescent except glabrous under the corona, apex with diminished hairs or glabrous. The corolla is tightly re volute. 308 View of the calyx attached to the back (outside) of the corolla enlarged about 8X. The sepals are short and do not even reach 1/2 way to the corolla sinuses. Corolla tightly revolute, glabrous outside and finely pubescent inside, except under the corona. Corolla lobe flattened, inside surface enlarged about 8X. The apex is acute and the lobe broad in the middle. The corolla is cut more than 1/2 way. Sinus to sinus Sinus to center Center to apex Apex to sinus Widest 0.55 cm. 0.45 cm. 0.96 cm. flattened 0.60 cm. 0.57 cm. Bottom (left) and top (right) view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The lobes are bifid and the undersides are a fluted skirt attached to the base of the central column. This is a very unusual formation that yields an inflated hollow below each coronal lobe. The inner lobe does not quite reach the center and is slightly dentate; dorsal surface is rounded, convex. 309 View of the corona still attached to the corolla enlarged about 8X. Note the pubescent inner corolla surface and that the coronal lobes do not reach the corolla sinus even though it is deeply lobed. The inner lobes are raised, the dorsal surface is rounded and broad just out from the inner apices; narrowing slightly toward the outer rounded apex. There are bilobes with their undersides modified into a skirt. Center apex - outer apex Center - outer lobe end Widest Retinaculum - ret. Ret. - center Anther wing - aw. Aw. - center 0.30 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.20 cm. (narrow) 0.20 cm. Side view of the crown enlarged about 8X. The outer end of the lobe where two bilobes meet are there fused into a vertical column forming one side of a cupped hollow bulb under each coronal scale. The material at the base of the fused column extends in to the central column where it is attached to this structure. The column is tall. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X, The inner angle and anther are to the upper left, then the sloping back of the scale (dorsal surface) ending in a fused bi-lobe which extends downward (right edge) and curves inward to connect to the long column, thus forming a cupped hollow pocket under the scale. Bottom-end view of a scale enlarged about 8X showing the curved under edges of the scale forming the lower groove but also this is fused to the bilobed extensions forming the hollow cup (lower central) and its extensions (lower left and right) extending and attaching to the lower end of the column. The flowers are yellow-orange with pink-purplish pedicels. 310 A view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X, looking from the center of the crown outward. Above is the rounded scale, just below the top in the center would be the inner lobe and below this the anther. On the left side is the shelf of the bilobed extension along the scale side extending away in this view toward the outer lobe; on this inner end this extends down along the sides of the long column (here only about 1/5 shown as a cupped light colored column). When the extensions of the scale reach the base of the column it flares outward (right and left base), the cupped hollowing is seen on the lower left side. Opposite this column would be the groove formed by the curved sides of the scale. The scale surface is very finely sulcate. Pollinarium enlarged about 122X. The pollinia are long, here turned edgewise; with a pellucid edge beginning at the outer apex and extending down the side nearly to the inner end accompanied inwardly by a vacuole (neither visible here). The bulbous clear caudicles are compressed somewhat and supported by massive fairly wide and deep translators both of which enter the relatively small retinaculum well down on this structure. The retinaculum has a rounded head and the bifid extensions are flared at their outer ends. Pollinia Caudicles Translators Retinaculum 0.66 mm. long; 0.23 mm. widest, ca. 0.06 mm. diam. drumstick like, extended 0.15 mm. 0.07 mm. in depth 0.03 mm wide, ca. 0.2.5 mm. long including extensions. This species bears characteristics of two Hoya sections. Hoya Section Acanthostemma and Hoya Section Otostemma. It has a bilobed corona an a skirt also. 311 Hoya lacunosa Blume 1826 Type Description: In Bijdragen tot de Flora von Nederlandsche Indie (1826) 1063. C. L. Blume. Hoya lacunosa, Bl., H. foliis aveniis ovatis acuminatis glabris supra lacunosis infra convexis, corolla revolutis intus velutino-villosa (Coronae foliolis infra esuleis). Crescit; circa Buitenzorg ad arbores. Floret: omni tempore. Translation: leaves veinless ovate acuminate glabrous laciness above beneath convex, corolla revolute inside velvety-villose (leaflets of the corona inside enlarged). Growing: near Buitenzorg in the trees. Flowers: Only temporary. * Note no type or illustration with this description, which is true of many of Blume’s descriptions. Other literature: In General System of Gardening (1838) 127. G. Don. 25. H. lacunosa (Blum. Bijdr. p. 1064.) leaves veinless, ovate, acuminated, glabrous, laciness above, and convex beneath; corolla revolute, velvety-villose inside; leaflets of corona without furrows beneath. Woody perennial shrub. Native to Java, above Buitenzorg, on trees. Laciness- leaved Hoya. FI. Year, Shrub tw. In Synopsis Plantarum 6 (1840) 892. Dietrich. 20. H. Lacunosa Blume; fol. aveniis ovatis acuminatis glabris supra lacunosis infra convexis; cor. revoluta intus velutino-villosa. In Java. Perennial shrub. Translation: leaves veinless ovate acuminate glabrous above cupped (lacunose) beneath convex; corolla revolute inside velvety- villose. In Prodromus Syst. Veg. 8 (1844) 638. De Candolle. 33. H. lacunosa (BL! Bijdr. p. 1063), foliis aveniis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis basi rotundatis utrinque glabris supra lacunosis infra convexis, corolla revoluta introrsum utrinque -villosa, coron. stain. Foliol. subtus esuleis. Perennial in insula Java ad arbores circa Buitenzorg. (v. s. sine fl. h. mus. Par.) Translation: leaves veinless ovate acuminate glabrous lacunose above beneath convex, corolla revolute inside velvety-villose (leaflets of the corona inside enlarged). A perennial on the island of Java near Buitenzorg in the trees. (I have seen it without flowers in the herbarium at the Museum in Paris). 312 In Rumphia 4 (1848) 30. C. L. Blume. O. Lacunosum Tab. 184. * fig. 2. (nomine Hoya lacunosa). — Hoya lacunosa Bl. Bijdr. Floor. Ned. Ind. p. 1063. De Caisne in De Cand. Prodr. Syst. Veg. VIII. p. 538. 55. — Kumbang rientjiek Malaice. — Habit. Frequens in truncis arborum Tam in Java quam aliis insula Archipelagi Indici, semper fere Horens. Herba suffruticosa, glabra; caule ramose, flliformi, tereti, tenacissimo, glabro, ad petiolorum insertionem crassiore et plerumque radicante, intervallo fere ! A - 2 poll, foliis oppositis rarissime temis obsesso. Petioli 1- 2 lin., teretes, carnosi, canaliculati. Folia 1 - 1 'A t, poll., 8-10 lin, lata, ovata v. ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, basi rotundata, carnosa, ad basin supra binis glandulis minutissimis, in pagina superiore inter venas transversas parum prominentes lacunosa, nitida, in aversa magis convexa, avenia et albicantia. Pedunculi solitarii, vulgo interpetiolares, erecti, 1-1 lA poll., teretes, sursum crassiores, ex apice umbeliato multiflori. Pedicelli graciles, petiolis vel triplo longiores, glabri. Calyx parvus, 5-partitus, patens, membranaceus; laciniis lanceolatis, acutiusculis, margine obsolete erosoulis. Corolla rotata, 5-fida. extus glabra, intus papilloso-velutina; laciniis triangulari-ovatis, acuminatis tandem revolutis. Corona staminea gynostegio paulum elevato adnata, stellae quinqueradiatae similis; foliolis horizontal ibus, lanceolatis, supra naviculari-excavatis, in angulo exteriore surgente attenuates, in interiore in dentem super antheras porrectum productis, subtus esulcatis, appendice deorsum spectante bidentata acutis. Antherae stigmati incumbentes, triangulares, simplices, vitellinae. Retinacula minutissima, lineari-oblonga, spadicea, cruribus binis lateralibus abbreviatis, quibus pollinia cuneato-linearia complanata erecta approximata ad basim anffixa. Stigma pentagonum, medio obsolete apiculatum. Folliculi ortu solitarii, graciles. fusiformes, superne attenuati, recti, ventre planiusculi sulcoque longitudinali exarati, glabri. Semina plurima, marginibus subinflexis spermophori lateralis costaeformis affixa, imbricata, in extremitate superiore pilis sericeis simplicibus comata. Translation: Grows frequently on the trunks of trees at Tam in Java but also allied even more to the Indian Archipelago, for the most part free flowering. Twining herb, glabrous, stems branched, threadlike, round, holding fast, glabrous with the petiole thickly inserted, spreading for the most part, interval nearly 'A - 2 inches, leaves opposite rarely in threes. Petiole 1-2 lines, round fleshy, channeled. Leaves 1-1 !4 inches, 8-10 lines wide, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with the base rounded, fleshy above the base minute paired glands, the superior blade without veins and traversed a little with pronounced dips (lacunose) shiny, below deeply convex veinless and whitish. Peduncles solitary, commonly between the petioles, erect 1-1 Vi inches, round, thickly fleshy, from the apex a multiflowered umbel. Pedicels thin, petioles 3 times longer, glabrous. Calyx small, 5 parted, spreading, membranaceous leaflets lanceolate, somewhat acute, margins barely toothed. Corolla ovate, 5 parts, outside glabrous, inside papilose-velvety, flaps triangular- ovate; acuminate, eventually revolute. Corona staminal gynostegium a little elevated adnate, with the exterior angle arising attenuate, with the interior tooth like projected above the anthers, below not channeled, dorsal appendix looking towards a bidentate apex. With the anthers incumbent upon the stigma, triangular, simple, yellowish. Retinaculum small, linear-oblong, date colored, lateral paired legs abbreviated, and with the pollinia linear-cuneate flattened erect affixed near to the base. Stigma pentagonal, in the middle suppressed apiculate. Follicles formed solitarily, narrow, spindle-shaped 313 above attenuate, erect, ventral flat outwardly longitudinally grooved, glabrous. Seeds many, margines somewhat inflexed, spermatiophorum laterally affixed, imbricate, by the midrib with the superior extremity with a simple silky pilus coma. * Note: The first mention of a type (an illustration). In Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum 1 (1849) 59. C. L. Blume. Otostemma Bl. Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla rotate, quinquefida, laciniis revolutis. Corona staminea pentaphylla, gynostegio elevato adnata; foliolis navicularibus, carnosis, divaricates, supra concavis, angulo interiore in dentem antheram superantem producto, subtus appendice deorsum bidentata auctis. Antherae stigmati incumbentes, apice simplices, acutae. Pollinia basi affixa, erecta, approximata, linearia, compressa. Stigma obsolete apiculatum. Folliculi laeves. Semina comosa. — Herba Archipelagi Indici, in arboribus radicans; foliis oppositis v. rarius verticillatis, carnosis, glabris; umbellis longiuscule pedunculatis; floribus parvis, albidis. 149 Otostemma lacunosum Bl. Fig. XI: Bl. in Rumphia IV. p. 29. tab. 184. fig. 2. Hoya lacunosa Bl. Bijdr. Flor. Ned. Ind. p. 1063. Decaisne in De Cand. Prod. Syst. Veg. VIII. P. 638. 33. — Kumbang rientjiek Malaice. — In truncis arborum Archipelagi Indici. Translation: Otostamma Blume. Calyx of five parts. Corolla rotate, 5 parts, leaflets revolute. Corona stamina 5 divisions, gynostegium elevated adnate; leaflets boat-shaped, flashy, widely spread, above concave, interior angle a tooth, produced above the anther, below two enlarged toothed appendages pointing downward. Anther incumbent on the stigma, apex simple, acute. Pollinia affixed at the base, erect, close together, linear compressed. Stigma without apiculus. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — An herb in the Indian Archipelago, rooting in the trees; leaves opposite or rarely whorled, fleshy, glabrous; Umbels with long peduncles; flowers small, white. Drawing photocopied from the above publication 1979 at UC, Berkeley, California Botanical Library. This becomes the Type for this species. Note: Here again Blume changes the Genera of a species, sseemingly not sure if his discoveries should be in the genus Hoya or not. In Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 (1852) 65. W. G. Walpers.l. O. lacunosum Blume 1. c. t. 184 fig. 2. & Mus. bot. Lugd. Batav. 59. no. 149. fig. 1 1. — Hoya lacunosa Blume. — Dene, in DC. Prodr. VIII. 638. — Java. 314 In Tuinbouw Flora 1 (1853) 73. Hoya lacunosa Bl,. is mij nict bekend, doch schijnt in de tuinen voor te komen (Cat. Ambr. Verschafelt. 1854). Zij is van Java. H. suaveolens op den Catalogus van denzelfden bloemist, is mij onbekend. H. pallida. Lindl. (Bot. reg. 951) schijnt aan H. carnosa verwant te zijn. H. pendula Wight. & Am. is, naar ik weet, nimmer afgebeeld. Ditzelfde geldt van H. crocea , die mij evenzeer onbekend is (Van Gheert). H. mollis (Cat. Maqoy) is, naar 't schijnt, nog niet beschreven. H. Bidwilliana schijnt dezelfde te zijn als H. Curningiana. Op de Catalogi vvordt ook nog genoemd eene H. Paxtonii. Wie deze, mij onbekende soorten, mogt kennen, zal mij verpligten, door de histori van die planten in de Tuinbouw-Flora te willen toelichten. Wij zouden hier nog een groot aantal andere soorten van Hoya's of althans van Asclepiadeen kunner vermelden, inaar wij rnoeten ons daarvan onthouden, ten einde dit artikel niet te verlengen. Wij spreken daarom niet van eenige wel in de catalogussen genoomde, maar tot hiertoe niet bekende. Wij gaan ook voorbij de eigenlijke Asclepiadeen, de Roulinias, Calotropis, Arauja, Cryptostegia, Ceropegia, Gonolobus, enz., vele van welke in de kassen voorkomen. Van de Apocyneenkan hier in't geheel geen sprake zijn. Wat aangaat de kultuur der Hoya's, zij slechts dit kortelijk aangemerkt. Zij zijn voor't meerendeel ,warme-kasplanten. Zij hebben behoefte aan eenen lossen, bewegelijken grond, uit een mengsel van boomaarde, zand, of heiaarde; sommige ook aan goeden mest. Men plaatst ze in den vollen grond, of in groote potten. Zij verdragen vaak eenn stiefmoederlijke behandeling, dat is, zij groeijen vaak in plaatsen en hocken van de kassen, waar andere planten neit voortwillen, waar gebrek is aan licht. Men kan ze ook laten slingeren om stammen, te gelijk met andere klim- of slingerplantenm en zelfs met Aroideen, Bromeliaceen, Orchideen, enz. Des zomers behoeven ze veel water, des winters weinig vocht. De vermeerdering heeft plaats door stekken, waaraan men een dusgenaamd heiltje laat, en de zoodanige bij voorkeur, waaraan een of meer luchtwortels zijn. Translation: Hoya lacunosa I confess its being not familiarly to me, but seems to come from in the gardens. (Cat. Ambr. Verschafelt. 1854). There being from Java. H. suaveolens according to the Catalog from the same florist, is unknown me. H. pallida Lindl. (Bot. reg. 951) seems related to H. carnosa. H. pendula Wight. & Arn. was as far as I know, never pictured. The same applies to H. crocea , this also is unknown to me (Van Gheert). Tn seems that H. mollis (Cat. Maqoy), appears still not to be described. H. Bidwilliana seems to be the same as H. Curningiana. In the Catalog a certain II. Paxtonii is mentioned. Who knows these, to me, unknown species, they would oblige me, by clearing up the history of these plants in the Tuinbouw-Flora. We would be able to mention here an even larger number of other types of Hoya's whether differing from Asclepiadeen, but we must withhold ourselves therefrom in order to end this article, not to prolong it. Therefor we speak about species mentioned from the catalogs, but until now not known. We also pass the true family Asclepiads, to the Roulinias, Calotropis, Arauja, Cryptostegia, Ceropegia, Gonolobus, etc., many of these occurring in the greenhouses. The Apocynaceae should not be mentioned here at all. About the culture of Hoya's, only this brief reference is made. They being in need of more water in part, as warm- 315 houseplants. They need a loose potting soil, out of a blend from compost, sand, weathered earth; even some good manure. One places them in this full ground, or in large pots. They often can stand a stepmother treatment (bad treatment), they often grow in places and corners of the greenhouse, where, truly other plantings are not so willing to thrive, where this is truly less light. One can even let them whine around stems, equally with other kinds of twining plants and even with Aroids, Bromeliads, Orchids, etc. In the summertime they require more water, in the winter less. The multiplication can be done by cuttings, to which should be attached a so called leaf-node with preferably one or more aerial roots. In Botanical Magazine (1855) t. 4826. (Curtis’s). Furrowed Hoya. Hoya (Otostemma) lacunosa Scandens radicans, foliis mediocribus carnoso-coriaceis basi apiculatis petiolatis obscure penninerviis nervis immersis, pedunculis solitariis interpetio lari bus, umbel 1 is multifloris planis, laciniis calycinis ovatis marginibus carinaque denticulatis, corollae rotatae carnosae velutino-villosae lobis triangularibus demum reflexis, coronae staminae foliolis navicularibus concavis. Hoya lacunosa , Blume, Bijdr. p. 1063 Dene, in DeCand. Prodr. v. 8. p. 638. Blume, Rumphia, v. 4. t. 184 f. 2. Otostemma lacunosum Blume, Rumphia, 1. c. p. 30. Mus. Bot. Tugd. Bat. v. 1. p. 59. f. 1 1. Walp. Annal. Bot. Syst. v. 3. p. 65. A native of the trunks of trees, not only in Java, but in other islands of the Indian Archipelago, according to Blume. In habit and mode of growth this series reminds one of the Hoya Bella , figured at our Tab. 4402; but it is much less elegant and attractive, and wants the pink eye which gives such effect to that species. The Indian, Archipelago abounds in species of the genus once ranked under Hoya, and even by Blume himself; but this genus is now, by the author, divided into several genera; and to the present species he has , in the letterpress to his ‘Rumphia' above quoted but not on the plate, given the generic name Otostemma. “Ab Hoya he says, “recedit dentibus coronae staminae supra antheras productis, cujus foliola subtus esulcata singula appendice bidentata sunt praedita, necnon antheris simplicibus haud membrana terminatis;” and he adds, “Alias quoque stirpes sub Hoya militantes ad hoc genus referendas esse probabile videtur; qua de re diligens florum exploratio docebit.” — Not being aware of the minute differences at the time our drawing was made (March, 1854), our artist’s attention was not directed to them; and perhaps science will not suffer by considering Otostemma a group or section of Hoya, at any rate till we are better acquainted with its affinities. The flowers are fragrant,, which is a recommendation. We owe the possession of the plant at Kew to Mr. Lowe, of Clapton. Descr. A climbing shrub with green branches, two to three feet in length; branches terete, throwing out roots from various points, especially where the leaves are inserted. Leaves opposite, elliptical, lanceolate, between coriaceous and fleshy, acuminated, marked above with a depressing line or midrib, and with a few horizontal depressed veins (whence the name, we presume, of lacunosa). Petiole short, thick. Peduncle inter, petiolar, generally shorter than the leaf solitary, bearing a flattened umbel of numerous, flowers. Pedicels thickened upwards. Calyx of five, ovate or elliptical, rounded lobes, 316 denticulate on the margins and keel. Corolla rotate, greenish-yellow, the five lobes eventually reflexed, the inner surface clothed with a circle of velvety hairs, Staminal crown of five, spreading lanceolate foliola, concave at the top and embossed in the center. * “Calyx 5-partius. Corolla rotata, quinqueifida, laciniis revolutis. Corona staminea pentaphylla, gynostegio elevato adnata; foliis navicularibus, carnosis divaricatis, supra concavis, angulo interiore in dentem antheram superantem producto, subtus appendice deorsum bidentata acutis. Antherae stigmati incumbentes, apice simplices, acutae. Poll inia basi aftixa, erecta, approximata, linearia compressa. Stigmata obsolete apiculata. Folliculi laeves. Semina plurima, ad umbilicum carnosa. — Herba Archipelagi Indici, in arboribus radicans; foliis oppositis c. rarius veticillatis, glabris; umbellis longiuscule penduncularis; floribus parvis, albidis.” Blume. Translation: climbing rooting, leaves moderately fleshy-leathery elliptic with the base and apex acuminate petiolate with obscure penninerves, nerves immersed, peduncles solitary between the petioles, umbels many-flowered flat, leaflets of the calyx ovate margins and keel toothed, lobes of the corolla rotate fleshy velvety-shaggy triangular afterwards recurved, leaflets of the staminal corona boat-shaped concave. From quotes in the central text in Latin: Of Floya “receding teeth of the staminal corona produced above the anthers, who's leaflets below are not channeled provided with a singular joined bi- toothed appendage, and not simple anthers not at all terminal membranes” “ each provided with a plant below Hoya apparently refereed essentially probably definitely a false genus; from which with respect to the skilled knowledge of floral exploration”. Final textual quote: * “Calyx 5 parted. Corolla rotate, 5 divisions, flaps revolute. Staminal corona of 5 leaflets, gynostegium elevated adnate; leaflets boat-shaped, fleshy, spreading, above concave, interior angle produced tooth-like above the anther, below on the back an acute bitoothed piece. Anther incumbent on the stigma, apex simple acute. Pollinia fixed at the base, erect, near, linear, compressed. Stigma obscurely apiculate. Follicles smooth. Seeds many with umbel icum fleshy. — A herb from the Indian Archipelago, rooting in trees; leaves opposite or rarely whorled, fleshy, glabrous, umbels with long peduncles, flowers small white.” Blume. 317 Photo taken from painting in the Botanical Magazine at UC Berkeley Herbarium library. Hoya lacunosa 4826 Bot. Mag. lxxxi 1855. In Flora von Nederlandsch Indie 2 (1857) 525. F. A. W. Miquel. 32. Hoya lacunosa Bl. Folia ovata vel saepe ovato-elliptica acuta vel subacuminata, carnosa glabra, subavenia (siccata lacunosa !). 1 — 1 A poll. Longa, umbellae longiuscule pedunculatae, sepala elliptica denticulata, flores parvuli corolla utrinque pubera, albida, fragrante. Hoya lacunosa Blume Bijdr. P.1063. Decaisne. 1. c. p. 638. Hassle. Cat. bog. p. 126. Flora bot. Zeit. 1845, p. 280. Haud Hook, bot. Mag. Tab. 4826. — Otostemma lacunosum Bl. Mus. bot. I. P. 59, fig. XI. Rumphia IV. p. 29, tab. 184, fig. 2 (nomine Hoyae) — Flores Jasmini odoris. Sunda-Archipel, Java, Sumatra enz. In de wouden op de boomstammen. Kembang rintjit mal. of Kembang ringit sund. Translation: Leaves ovate or often ovate-elliptic acute or somewhat acuminate, fleshy glabrous, somewhat non veined (I have observed when dry they are lacunose) 1 to 1.5 318 inches long, long peduncled umbels, sepals elliptic tooth-like, flowers small corolla on both sides puberlous, white, fragrant Flowers with odor of Jasmine. Existing in Sunda Archipelago, Java, Sumatra, hi the woods of the boom- derivation. Of Kembang rintjit mal. of Kembang ringit sound. In Annales Botanices Systematicae 5 (1858) 506. W. G. Walpers. Hoya lacunosa Decne. (DC Prodr. VIII. p. 638). — Hook. Bot. mag. tab. 4826. Otostemma lacunosum Blume (Walp. Ann. III. p. 65.). In Botanical Magazine (1861) t. 5272. Curtis’s. Hoya (Otostemma) lacunosa var. pallidiflora. Furrowed Hoya, pale-flowered var. Nat. Ord. Asclepiadeae — Pentandria Digynia. Gen. Char. Calyx brevis, pentaphyllus. Corolla rotate, plus minusve alte 5-fida, laciniis planis vel reflexis, aestivatione valvata. Corolla stamineae 5-phylla; foliolis depressis, patentibus v. plus minusve gynostegio verticaliter adnatis, carnosis, angulo interiore in dentem antherae incumbentem producto. Gynostegium breve. Antherae membrana terminatae. Masse polllnis basi affixae oblongae, compressae, conniventes, saepius margine pellucidae. Sigma muticum, cum papilla media obtusa v. subapiculatum. Folliculi laevis v. appendiculis instruct!, subpolypteri. Semina comosa. — Frutices vel sufffutices hidici vel Molluccani, rarissime Africani, volubiles, scandentes aut decumbentes, foliis carnosis vel coriaceis vel membranaceis; floribus umbellatis; umbellis extra-axil laribus, saepius multifloris. Decne. Hoya (OtostemmaJ lacunosa ; scandens radicans, foliis mediocribus carnoso- coriaceis ellipticis basi apiceque acuminatis petiolatis obscure penninerviis nervis immersis, pedunculis solitariis interpetiolaribus, umbellis multifloris planis, laciniis calycinis marginibus carinaque denticulatis, corollae rotatae carnosae velutino-villosae lobis triangularibus demum reflexi, coronae stamineae foliolis navicularibus concavis. Hoya lacunosa , Blume, Bij dr. p. 1063. Decne. in DeCand. Prodr. C. S. p. 638. Blume, Rumphia, v. 4. 1 184. f. 2. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4826. Otostemma lacunosum , Blume, Rumphia, 1. c. p. 30. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. v. 1. p. 59. f. 11. Walp. Annal. Bot. Syst. v. 3. p. 65. |3 pallidiflora ; foliis enervibus, floribus decoloratis. A native of Java and notwithstanding the obsolete nervation of the leaves (which later are broader than usual at their base), and the almost colorless flowers, cannot otherwise be distinguished from the Hoya lacunosa of Blume, and our Tab. 4826, to which we refer for more full description. Indeed, had it not been that the figure was engraved, and the plates coloured, before the close similarity was detected, we should hardly have deemed the present variety worthy of having a place in this work, while our gardens abound so much in plants of greater interest. Translation: Calyx short, 5 leaved. Corolla rotate, plus or minus 5 divisions, flaps flat or reflexed, aestivation valvate. Corona stamens 5 leaflets; leaf depressed, five or more less adnate to the vertical gynostegium, fleshy, interior angle like a tooth, incumbent upon the anthers. Gynostegium short. Membrane of the anther terminal Pollinis in masses fixed by the base oblong, compressed, connivent often with a pellucid margine. Stigma sticky, with papilla in the center obtuse or somewhat apiculate. Follicles smooth or provided with a appendix, somewhat many winged. Seeds comose. Shrubby or vineing 319 in India or the Mollucas, rarely in Africa, twining, climbing rarely reclining, leaves fleshy or leathery or membranous; flowers in umbels; umbels beyond the axles, often many flowered. Decaisne Hoy a (Otostemma) lacunosa , with climbing stems, leaves medium sized fleshy- leathery elliptic base apiculate acuminate petioles obscure nerves immersed peninerved, peduncles solitary and between the petioles, umbels many flowered flat, flaps of the calyx keeled and margines toothed, lobes of the corolla rotate fleshy velvety-hairy triangular at length reflexed, leaflets of the staminal corona boat-shaped concave. Hoya (3 pallidiflora, leaves without nerves, flowers without color. Picture taken from the Botanical Magazine at the UC Herbarium Library, Berkeley, California. Hoya lacunosa var. pallidiflora. 1861. In Flora of British India 4 (1883) 55. J. D. Hooker. 1 2. H. lacunosa, Blume Bijdr. 1063; quite glabrous, leaves ovate or rounded-ovate acute base rounded margines thickened, nerves horizontal, peduncle stout, pedicels very short. Miquel FI. Br. Ind. Bat. ii. 535; Dene. In DC. Prod. Viii. 638; Bot. Mag. t. 1826, 5272. Otostemma lacunosum , Blume Mus. Bot. i. 59, t. ±1. Malacca; between Jarsing and Aya Bomboo, Maingay. — Distrib. Sumatra, Java, Borneo. 320 Stem slender, training. Leaves 1-1 V2 in., very thick, but nerves distinct beneath, 3-5 pairs, base rounded; petiole very short. Peduncle longer than the leaves; pedicels % - 1/3 in. Sepals very small, ovate, obtuse. Corolla 1/6 in. diam., pubescent within. Coronal- lobes ovate, inner angle rounded into an ovate obtuse lobe almost as large as the body, incumbent on the anther (Which has no tip ?) — This differs from the Javanese H. lacunosa , in the much larger inner produced angle of the coronal-processes. in Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening 2 (1884) 156. G. Nicholson. H. lacunosa (furrowed). FT corolla greenish-yellow, rotate; inner surface covered with velvety hairs; peduncles interpetiolar solitary, usually shorter than the leaves, bearing a flattened umbel of numerous flowers. March to lune. 1. opposite, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, marked above with a depressed midrib and a few horizontal depressed veins; petioles thick, short Branches terete, throwing out roots from various points. Indian Archipelago, 1854. (B. M. 4826.) H. pallidiflora (pale: flowered), fl. almost colorless. 1. broader than in the type; nervation obsolete. Java. (B. M. 5272.) In Revisio General Plant. II (1891). O. Kuntze. Hoya lacunosa Bl. Java: Salak. In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 2 (1908) 570. “Flora of the Malay Peninsula King & Gamble. 1 1. Hoya lacunosa, Blume Bijdr. 1063 (1825). A creeping epiphytic undershrub, rooting at the nodes; branchlets very slender, glabrous. Leaves very thick, fleshy; ovate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded or attenuate at base; both surfaces glabrous, shining; margines thicken; .75 to 1.75 in. long, .5 to .75 in. broad; midrib when dry faint, usually glandular at the base; main nerves 2 to 4 pairs, also faint but visible, at right angles to the midrib, straight to join an intramarginal nerve covered by the marginal thickening; petiole thick, very short. Umbels axillary, on stout peduncles .75 to 1.5 in. long, which end in a thickened rachis of cushion-like bracts often .25 long; pedicels slender, .25 to .35 in. long; buds globose; flowers white, usually tinged with yellow, scented. Calyx rotate, membranaceous; lobes as long as the tube, 0.25 in. long obtuse; scales minute. Corolla .25 in. in diam. when spread out, pubescent or scruffy within; pubescent or scurfy within; lobes triangular, recurred. Corona membranous, of 6 processes, forming a concave sided cone, the lower lobe of each process spreading or upcurved, ovate, the upper lobe ovate-acute, exceeding the anther. Staminal-column short; anthers minute with very thin membranous acute appendages; pollen-masses oblong-falcate reticulate, compressed, attached by erect thickened cup-shaped caudicles to the small pollen-carriers. Style-apex rather deeply lobed; tip conical. Follicles smooth Dene. In DC. Prodr. VIII 638; Hassle. Cat Bogor. 126, and Flora Bot. Zeit. (1845) 280; Miq. FL Ind. Bat. II 525; Hook Bot. Mag. 4826, 5272; Hook f. Fl. Br. Ind. IV. 55. Otostemmci lacunosum, Blume Rumphia. IV. 30, t. 184, fig. 2 and Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 59, t. 1 1. Penang: Michado for Curtis. Perak: Scortecheni 1558; King’s Collector 3476. Malacca: Maingay (K.D.) 1133 (part). Selangor: at Rawang, Ridley 7669. — Distrib. Sumatra Java, Borneo. Leaves not 3 nerved from base; peduncles usually 1 only at the axils: — 321 In Systematisches Verzeichnis Family 1 (1911) 6 Koorders & Schumacher. Hoya lacunosa Bl. — kraut, meist epiphytisch, reichverzweigt und an den Knoten wurzelnd, windend. bis 3 m meist nur 1 m lane. Mittel-Java: Semarang: Kedungdiati: Region I: Kds. 25483 (3 (449 * 24 X. 1896 Auch Alcholmaterial gesammelt). — Kds. 25452 (3 (99 *22 X. 1896). Madiun: Ngebel: Region II: Kds 33751 p (*19. XL. 1900). Ost-Java: Besuki: Tjuramanis: Region I Kds. 28722 P (1016 * 13 IX. 1897). — Kds. 38528 p (16. IV. 1899). — Kds. 20342 p (1282 * 16. X. 1895). — Rogodjampi: Region I: Kds. 28266 p (1265 *3 IX. 1897). Translation: herb, usually epiphytic, abundant-branches and rooted at the nodes, winding, until 3 meters, usually only 1 m long. Middle- Java: Semarang: Kedungdiati: Region I: Kds. 25483 P (449 * 24 X. 1896 also Alcholmaterial collected. In Exkursionsflora von Java 3 (1912) 97 44 Flora of Java’' S. H. Koorders & A. Schumacher. (Key). 4 a. Blliten klein (!4 cm breit), weisz. Korollzipfel zurtickgerollt, innem zottig. Coronazipfel kahnformig, am Grunde an der Innenseite mit einem 2 zahnigen, kurzen Anhangsel versehen. Blatter eiformig oder eifonnig-lanzettlich, fleischig, oberseits dunkelgrlin, glatt glanzend, am Grunde stumpf, obon spitz, ± 2 14 cm (seltener bis 5 cm lang), kahl, in der Jugend mit anliegenden Haaren. Kraut, meist epiphytisch, retch verzweigt und wurzelnde, windend, bis 3 cm lang. Bei Buitenzorg fallen die Blliten meist bald olme Fruchtbildung ab. Blume, Bijdr. 1063; Engler u. Prantl 1. c. 290; Hook. 1. c. 55; Bot. Mag. tab. 4826 u. 5272; Otostemma lacunosum BL, Mus.bot. L69.tab.1T Ganz Java: In der Ebene und im unteren Gebirge im lichten Regenwald auf Baumen usw. sehr gemein, bisweilen die Stamme teilweise bedeckend. (Kds. n. 28866, P, 38751, P, 38528 p usw.) H. lacunosa Bl.* Translation: 4 a. blooms small {Vi cm wide), white. Corolla lobes rolled back, inside shaggy. Corona scales glabrous, at the base inside provided with a 2 toothed short appendage. Leaves oval or oval-lanceolate, fleshy, top dark-green, smoothly brilliantly, at the base dully, above pointed, ± 2 14 cm (more rarely up to 5 cm long), glabrous, in the youth with a little hair. Herb, usually epiphytic, abundant branches and rooted, winding, until 3 cm long. At Buitenzorg, the blooms fall usually soon without fruit-forming. Flower, Bijdr. 1063; Engler and Prantl 1. c. 290; Hook. 1. c. 55; Offered. Likes, tab. 4826 and 5272; Otostemma lacunosum Bl., Mus.bot. J.69.tab.l 1. Completely Java: In the level and in the low mountain in the light rain-forest on trees etc. very vigorous, from time to time the trunks partially covering. In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch (1921) 506. 6. Hoya lacunosa Blume Bijdr. (1826) 1063; King & Gamble in Journ As. Soc. Beng. 740 (1907) 569. Borneo, fide King & Gamble l.c. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Celebes. 322 In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 395-396. H. Ridley. (3) H. lacunosa Bl. Bijdr. 1063; King, 1. c. 569; Hook. Bot. Mag. 4826, 5272. Creeping slander epiphyte. Leaves thick fleshy, ovate to lanceolate acute or acuminate, base round or narrowed, .75 to 1.75 in. long, .5 to .75 in. wide; petioles .15 in. long. Peduncles thick, .75 to 1.15 in. long, rachis lengthening to .25 in. long; pedicels .25 to .35 in. long. Calyx-lobes as long as tube. Corolla .25 in. across, white pubescent inside, lobes triangular. Corona thin, lower lobes upcurved, ovate blunt, upper ovate acute, longer than anther. Hab. Lowlands on trees. Singapore, Chan Chu Kang, Bukit Mandai, Malacca between Jasin and Ayer Boinbo Maingay. Perak (Scortecheni): Larut (Kunstler). Distrib. Sumatra , Java, Borneo. In Candollea 6 (1936) 477. B. P. G. Hochreutiner. Hoya lacunosa Bl. Bijdr. 1063 (1826); Bot Mag. t. 4826 et 5272; Hook. FI. b. I. IV, 55 — Otostemma lacunosum Bl. in Rumphia IV, 29, t. 184, f. 2 (1848); id. Mus. bot. 1. b. I, 59, fig. XI; IC. Ill, 97. var. pallidiflora Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 5272 (1861). Java, mont Salak, versant N., foret, 10 mars 1904, epiphyte a fleurs blanches avec centre jaunatre (n. 94, collecteur indigene). Cette espece est assez commune et assez variable. Hooker 1. c. indique comme caractere permettant de la distinguer de la plante dc Malacca, des lobes de la couronne tres allonges vers le haut, mais nous n'avons pas pu verifier cela, faute de materiel de comparaison. Cependant, notre specimen presente incontestablement des pieces de la couronne tres etirees vers le haut, beaucoup plus que ne les represented les planches de Hooker. En revanche, nous pouvons constater que notre plante a des fleurs blanches et des feuilles fortement ovees et peu reticulees exactement comme la planche 5272 du Bot. Mag., de sorte que l'identification avec la variete est parfaite. II en est de meme avec les dessins de B'ume, de sorte qu'il y a tout lieu de supposer que la var. pallidiflora est la varidte-type de l'espece — Nous tenons a faire remarquer combien les feuilles de cette variete ressemblent a celles du Hoya ruscifolia de Luzon. Translation: Java, Mount Salak, North Face, Forest 10 March 1904, epiphyte with white flowers with yellowish center (number 94, native collector). This species is rather common and rather variable. Hooker 1. c. indicates it is a characteristic permitting it to be distinguished from the Malacca plant, crown lobes very elongated towards the top, but we are not able to verify that for lack of material for comparison. Nevertheless, our specimen incontrovertible manifests very stretched-out crown parts towed the top, much more so than in Hooker’s plates. On the other hand we can state that our plant has white flowers and highly ovate and slightly netted leaves, exactly as in plate 5272 of Bot. Mag. So that the identification with the variety is perfect. It is the same with Blume’s drawings, so that there is every reason to believe that the variety pallidiflora is the type variety of the species. We wish to emphasize how much the leaves of this variety resemble those of Hoya ruscifolia of Luzon. In Blumea 2 (1950) 379. “Notes on the Flora of Java” R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink. Hoya lacuuosa Bl., Bijdr. (1826) 1063; Docters van Leeuwen in De Trop. Nat. 18 (1928) 59, 61, 132; Hochreutiner in Candollea 6 (1934-1936) 477. 323 This species is extremely variable as to the shape and thickness of the leaves. It will be desirable to study these characters in the field. The colour of the flowers appears to be rather uniform, although Hochreutiner in l.c. 477 mentioned for Java a var.. pallidiflora Hook, (in Bot. Mag. (1861 ) t. 5272); this variety is unknown to me. In Florae Siamensis Enumeratio (1951). W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya lacunosa Blume Bijdr, 1063 (1826); F.B.I. iv. 55; Mat F.M.P., no.- 19,569 (779); F.M.P. ii. 395. SURAT. Bang Son, Put 1483! Tako, Tangsuan (plant cultivated in Bangkok), Kerr 19750! NAKAWN SRITAMRAT. Nakawan Sritamarat, Wat Kiriwong, c. 100m, in tree by stream, Kerr 15578! PATTANI. Bachaw, c. 100m., by stream in evergreen, Kerr 7162! Distr. Pen. Mai.! Sumatra (ex F.M.P.), Java! (type), Borneo! Focal name: Tao nom mia (script), Siamese, Chumpawn (ex Put). In Flore of Java 2 (1965) 269-270. C. A. Backer & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink. In key: Hoya lacunosa. b. Inner and outer angles of corona-scales not sharply set off from each other, though sometimes separated by an incision ... 14a. Corona-scales inserted distinctly above the base of the staminal tube, with a distinct constriction between the inner and outer angles, acute at the inner angle, obtuse-rounded at the outer one, on the upper surface with a keel which from the middle of the constriction runs up to about halfway the top of the outer angle, yellowish white; corona 4-5 mm diam.; peduncle robust, glabrous, 2 !4 - 7 cm long; flowers all in one plane, very fragrant; pedicels glabrous, 5-13 mm; calyx-segments narrowly triangular, rather obtuse, c. 1 mm long; — corolla white, violet-dotted, on the outside divided over 2/3 - % of its length, from the base of the tube to the tops of the segments c. 5mm long, because of the decurved tops of the segments suborbicular and 6-7 mm diam. ; inside of segments conspicuously white-villose at the base, glabrous at the top; pollinia broad, subobovate, with a unilaterally narrowed top, obtuse, c. ‘/2 mm long; apical membrane of anthers triangular, exceeding the stigma; follicles lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse, glabrous, 5-7 cm long. Stem glabrous or thinly pubescent; leaves ovate, from a rounded base, or partly rhomboid-elliptic, from a narrowed top, with a narrowed or acute top, acute, thickly fleshy, rarely rather thin, on either side of midrib with 2 — 4 distinct horizontal nerves, not or obscurely veined, glabrous, with a few small trichomes, 2 — 5 cm by 1-3 cm; petiole subglabrous, 1/3 - 1 lA cm. Epiphyte 0.20 - 0.40; I-XI1; W. C. E.; 30-1200; campong and wayside trees, secondary forest. Variable, especially in shape and thickness of the leaves. The variability should be studied on living plants. In Dictionary of the Royal Horticultural Society (1965) 1016. H. lacunosa. Branches terete, rooting. 1. elliptic-lanceolate, slender-pointed, midrib and a few vines depressed above; stalk thick, short. 11. greenish-yellow, rotate, velvet-hairy within; lobes finely reflexed; umbels flat, many fid.; peduncle usually shorter than 1. March to June. East hidies. 1854. (B.M. 4826.) var. pallidiflora , fls. Almost colorless. 1. broader than in type, veins obsolete. Java (B.M. 5272.) 324 In Hortus (1976) 574. H. lacunosa Blume. Slender-stemmed climber; lvs. ovate, to 1 3/4 in. long, acuminate, fleshy; peduncles slender, often longer than lvs., umbels many-fld.; corolla rotate, to about lA in. across, white or greenish-yellow, with a circle of erect hairs on the tube, lobes eventually reflexed. Indonesia. In Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae, Toms 63 (1977) 481. Hoya lacunosa Bl. Bijdr. 1063. 1826; Decne. In DC. Prodr. 8: 638. 1844; Back, et Bakh. f. FI. Java 2: 270. 1965. — Otostemma lacunosum Blume in Rumphia 4: 30, t. 184, f. 2. 1848. (followed by native script). In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 490. R. E. Rintz. 6. Hoya lacunosa Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1063, Type: Java Blume (T). — FIG, 10. Distinguishing Features: STEMS thin. LEAVES fleshy, of two forms; one form ovate, thick, up to 3cm long by 2.5cm wide; the other form oblanceolate, up to 7cm long by 3cm wide; margins ridged. PEDUNCLE reflexed, rigid, up to 5cm long. UMBEL positively-geotropic, concave with rigid, curved pedicels c. 4mm — 2.5cm long; 1-30 flowers, open 4 days. COROLLA pubescent inside with long, thick hairs) c. 8mm diam; white. CORONA lower lobe upcurved, solid; both lobes white. CAUDICLES broadly winged. FOLLICLE 5 - 6cm long by 5mm diam. Ecology: Common in lowland and hill forests especially along rivers; a large-flowered form occurs at Padang Jeriau, Pahang. The roots occasionally occur with ant nest. Distribution: Thailand, Sumatra, Borneo, Java. 325 io- ,L ii ^ b) fniic! ° *** ^ •<* *»■ « «**<> -. ^ ie it? fl0Wrr ,n mrdlin sr-ccluiti fj twin-poEliftia. From Kiiaft ftp. Page drawing from the above publication 30 (1978) 27, by R. E. Rintz. In Exotic Plant Manuel. A. B. Graf. H. lacunosa (Malaysia); tall twiner with thin, rooting stems; long-elliptic, shiny, leathery leaves 4 cm long, waxy olive green; wheel-shaped, fragrant small flowers greenish-yellow, velvety hairy inside, in flat clusters. Nice as a hanging plant. C: 59 In Exotica (1978) 1631. A. B. Graf. H. lacunosa (Malaysia) tall twiner with thin, rooting stems; long elliptic leaves; velvety, fragrant flowers greenish yellow. 326 In The Hoya Handbook (1992) 75. D. Kloppenburg & A. Wayman. Hoya lacunosa Blume. This is an old and basic favorite in the Hoya world. It is one that is usually available in many plant nurseries. This is a rather compact plant and might fit in the miniature classification. It will climb but also is a good hanging basket plant, making many long streamers. It has rather small deep green leaves with lacunose surfaces, (cupped or sunken between the veins) to give an uneven surface that is otherwise held flat and very attractive. It is a plant that is easy to establish and grow and very easy to bloom. The most outstanding feature about this plant is its superb soft clean fragrance. I'd almost bet that you will like the smell. It is well adapted to light culture and fits readily into the home. It blooms with rather flat clusters of from 15-20 flowers. Each flower is like a tiny ball of white fuzz with a yellow center. When the flowers initially open the petals do not at first fold back. One might think they have found a mutant branch of flowers. Watch the cluster for a day or two and as the cluster matures the flowers will take on their normal appearance. You can see in the picture that the second flower from the left has this different appearance. It is only an immature flower and will soon turn under to form the typical fuzzy ball. In the photo also notice the new green buds forming in the center to eventually produce the next successive flush of bloom. This attractive and old favorite should find its way into nearly every collection. It is easy to grow, a very clean attractive plant, and flowers readily and often. What more would you ask? Hoya species are divided into sections for classification purposes. Hoya lacunosa is the type species for the Otostemma section. If you read the old botanical literature you may find this plant named Otostemma lacunosum Blume, In Hortica 4 (1992) 1067. A. B. Graf H. lacunosa (Malaysia); tall twiner with thin, rooting stems; long-elliptic leaves; velvety, fragrant flowers greenish-yellow. Zone 11. In The Taxonomy and Phyto chemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 89. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand'’ O. Thaithong. 14. H. lacunosa Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1063. FBI 4 (1883) 55; FMP* 2 (1965) 269-270.; Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 490, Fig. 10. Occurrence: (PEN): Chumphon, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, Yala, Songkhla, Ranong, Surat Thani, etc. * Note: this is Flora of Java not Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 327 Til Hoya lacunosa Blume , page from “The World of Hoyas A Pictorial Guide” 328 Hoya lacunosa Blume This is an old favorite in the hoya world. It is one that is usually available in many plant nurseries around the world. Hoya lacunosa can become a rather compact plant and might fit in the miniature classification. It will climb but is also a good hanging basket plant, making many long stream- ers. It has rather small deep green leaves with lacunose surfaces (cupped or sunken between the veins), to give an uneven surface that is otherwise held flat and very attractive. It is a plant that is easy to establish and grow and very easy to bloom. The most outstanding feature about this plant is its superb soft clean fragrance. I'd almost bet that you would like the smell. It is well adapted to light culture and fits readily into the home. It blooms with rather flat clusters of from 15-20 flowers. Each flower is like a tiny ball of white fuzz with a yellow center. When the flowers initially open the petals do not at first fold back. One might think they have found a mutant branch of flowers. Watch the cluster for a day or two and as the cluster matures the flowers will take on their normal appearance. You can see in the picture that the second flower from the left has this different appearance. It is only an immature flower and will soon turn under to form the typical fuzzy ball, hi the photo also notice the new green buds forming in the center to eventually produce the next successive flush of bloom. Hoya species are divided into sections for classification purposes. Hoya lacunosa is the type species for the Section Otostemma (Blume) Miquel. If you read the old botanical literature, you would have found this plant named Otostemma lacunosum Blume. C. L. Blume first described this species in 1826 as a hoya. Later Blume probably felt it should be in a separate Genus and separated it, giving it the name Otostemma lacunosum. We now call it a hoya. There is a lot of old literature written about this species. It all makes interesting reading. This is an attractive and old favorite, and should find its way into nearly every collection. It is easy to grow, and flowers readily and often. What more could would you ask of a hoya? 329 Top View of Corona. 16X. Note: The rounded outer lobes and the very short inner lobe, that does not reach the flower center, thus exposing the anthers. Bottom view of corona. 16X. Note: the rounded relatively thin outer lobe and the two projections near the base. Observe the pentagonal skirt and how it is slit part way in at the corners. View of under side of flower showing the revolute corolla lobes. Note that the apex of each lobe is glabrous, this is true of many Acanthostemma species, the upper side is pubescent. The sepals are short, granulose and do not overlap. The pedicel is slightly thickened at the end, round and slightly granular Magnified ca. 16X. 330 The pollinium magnified approximately 165 times. Note the darkened translator arms are attached well down on the retinaculum below the waste area and are rounded at the outer extremity. The caudicles are very inflated and seem to attach well down on the long waste of the retinaculum. The pollinia have a well defined pellucid edge which extends all the way to the apex. The outer apex tapers inward. The Pollinia of hoya species are very distinctive and individualistic. Measurements: Rachis: 0.30 cm. in diameter rough. Calyx: small, individual, granulose outside 0.09 cm. long base 0.06 cm wide Pedicels: Slightly curved 0.11 cm. in diameter 0.55- 0.78 cm. long, glabrous terete . Corolla: reflexed, inside long pubescence except for small triangular glabrous apical area, outside glabrous natural diameter 0.57 mm. sinus to sinus 0.29 cm. center to apex 0.50 cm. flattened so diameter is 1.00 cm. sinus to center 0.25 cm. so cut about !4 way. widest at sinuses Corona: on column 0.04 cm. tall. Apex to apex 0.15 cm. 331 Pollinarium: Center to apex 0.20 cm. Diameter 0.40 cm. Widest 0. 1 1 cm. Anther wing to aw. 0. 12 cm. Ret. to ret. 0.06 cm. Ret to center 0.05 cm. Pollinia length 0.34 mm. widest 0.14 mm. Retinaculum length 0.09 mm. shoulder 0.06 mm. hip 0.03mm. waist 0.05 mm. extensions 0.025 mm Translators length 0.14 mm. width 0.05 mm. Caudicle bulb diameter 0.045 wide x 0.07 mm long. Stylar head: very low with a unusual 5 angled flat top. Herbarium Sheets: Hoya lacunosa Blume Java, Semarang Beta 25483 1896 Koorders (BO/2) Hoya lacunosa Blume Laugsuan 19750 Kerr Hova lacunosa or Blume Malaya Perak 1558 Scortech. Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya Java 89 1978 Rintz Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya Java 5272 B.M. (palidiflora) Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya Perak 3476 King Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya etc. 28722 1897 Koorders (BO) Hoya lacunosa Blume Java, Semarang Beta 25452 1896 Koorders Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya etc. 47905 1917 (BO) Hoya lacunosa Blume Sumatra E. Coast 1974 1932 (US) Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya Java 4826 1854 B.M. Hova lacunosa if Blume Malaya Surat 1483 Put Hoya lacunosa Blume Malay a Surat 570 Zollinger (A) Hoya lacunosa Blume Java Beta 38751 1900 Koorders (BO) Hoya lacunosa Blume Rocqdjampi Beta 28266 1897 Koorders Hoya lacunosa Blume Nakawn, Sritana rat 15578 Kerr Hoya lacunosa Blume Pattani, Pachaw 7162 Kerr 332 Hoya lacunosa Blume MalayaSangaiLangatSelr 72 1976 Rintz (UPM) Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya etc. 20342 1895 Koorders (BO) Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya Malacca 1133 Maingay Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya etc. 38757 1910 Koorders (BO) Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya Rawang 7569 Ridley Hoya lacunosa Blume Malay aRawangB antam S 2124 1911 Backer (BO) 100- 150m Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya etc. 43043 (BO) Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya Surat 30978 Henderson (A) Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya Surat 513 Kwai Exp. (A) Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya Java 569 1907 King Gamb. Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya Java Beta 3371 1900 Koorders Hoya lacunosa Blume Malaya Java Beta 38528 1899 Koorders (BO) Hoya lacunosa Blume Java G.Halang 250m 0543 1925 Halang (UC) Hoya lacunosa Blume Java 18 1926 Bunnei (UC) Hoya lacunosa Blume Java 28866 Koorders Hoya lacunosa Blume Surat, Bang Son 1483 Put Hoya lacunosa Blume Selangor, Rawang 7669 Ridley Hoya lacunosa Blume 40256 (BO) Foliage picture of Hoy a lacunosa Blume taken by Ann Wayman, Central Point, Oregon. 333 Hoya lacunosa Blume 1826 Type: #1063. Java, Indonesia. From the type description leaves veinless ovate acuminate glabrous laciness above beneath convex, corolla revolute inside velvety- villose (leaflets of the corona inside enlarged). From Blume's description 1848: Petiole 1-2 lines, round fleshy, channeled. Leaves 1-1 V2 inches, 8-10 lines wide, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with the base rounded, fleshy above the base minute paired glands, the superior blade without veins and traversed a little with pronounced dips (lacunose) shiny, below deeply convex veinless and whitish. Note: In the dried specimens it can be seen that the nervation is pinnate with the side nerves about 60° to the midrib. 334 Hoya lacunosa Blume, # 1974 (US) I'fiir[3 urns „ r'UHT.J Of kCPtEix. LOT "J ■ - '/ '* tit -T ft / {'/ /i ,* *' «T ijf 1 J ;'•* ji **■ “ J " * / / L) ■ l .j3l |ff T r,f •* * Dili. j» Him— ki Hu naj Wni a lul| 1 1 at, 1 « |M f _■_ ^_ 335 336 ft EUfi EXTIE 337 Hoya lacunosa Blume, # 38528 (BO) 338 339 Hoya lacunosa Blume, # 25483 (BO) 340 Wn Uf R U il SUt l*| AKIEN V I JAV* v*t;u** r- *tr frtiiFW- Hoya lacunosa Blume, # 47905 (BO) ■ii. Mt ""l. — ‘'iiHiiil’fr1** ,L’rh. 'll If f fs ) ) 7 JH y -*«/ " t««f * «* *Fnmf Jt- 'i)!,ns i . K*rbpri«ina JUi(jrdrMii*r(lini 341 Hoya lacunosa Blume, # 29722 (BO) 342 343 Hoya lacunosa Blume # 40256 ? (BO) 344 345 Hoya lacunosa Blume # 72 (UPM) FLORA OP MALAY A 346 Hoya lambii Green 2000 A HOYA ADAPTATION - HOYA LAMBII, Green I have collected in Sabah, Malaysia, quite a few times in the past 10 years and there are only the far south-eastern and the far north-eastern corners that I haven’t been to. On each trip, I am always looking for new Hoyas and Dischidias - and 2 old ones and some of the Philippine ones that I think should be there. T haven’t found them so far. The 2 old ones are; Dischidia complex, Griffith, (syn D. shelf ordii , Pearson), which is weird in that it has a double bul late leaf (a smaller one inside a larger one), which seems to be quite rare. And, the Hoya is something else quite rare and I can’t find it either. In 1985 Tony Lamb of the Tenom Orchid Center, and Ben Wallace of the Sydney Botanical Garden, collected a Hoya that has a weird adaptation: The large (4” x 6”) elliptic leaves are clumped 2 at a node, and there are usually 1 or 2 other short, side branches at the same location on the stem, each with 2 more leaves, so that there might be up to 6 leaves at one point. The leaves are held upright at about a 30 degree angle and at a right angle to the lower set. Closely set, they make an efficient “basket” to direct water, trap debris and make a good home for ants. In my garden, I first found about this trapping when I attempted to clean out the debris that falls from the nearby pest trees. This debris causes trouble for it nearly always has seeds of the tree and they sprout and grow. I found that the debris was a solid mass of leaves, roots and ants. The multiple, short stem, multiple leaf character is similar to H. mitrata - where the leaves are turned down and curved-in to make a “cabbage” that serves as an ant “hotel” and not to capture water or litter. H. lambii leaves are just the opposite with the leaves up and un-curved. 347 I have never seen an herbarium sheet or a written description that would give me hint of a given name of this handsome and odd Hoya: therefore, I would like to name it Hoya lambii, after my friend Tony Lamb, Park Manager, of the Taman Pertanian Sabah at Tenom, Sabah. HOYA LAMBII, Green sp. nov. Asclepiadaceae 2000 Type description: In Fraterna 13/2, 2-3, 2000. Affinis Hoyae mitrata, Kerr, multiramis brevibus ad notos certos scundum caulem et ferenti unum par foliorum in quoque ramo sed foliis et flores differt. Related to Hoya mitrata Kerr in having multiple, short branches at certain nodes along the stem and bearing a pair of leaves on each branch but differing in the leaves and flowers. Holotype: Bishop Museum, Ted Green No 9905 ex hort. Ted Green of Kaaawa, Hawaii. From Sabah, Eastern Malaysia, 85-1979 (BISH). A tropical vine, rooting along the stems at the multiple, branching nodes; leaves opposite, elliptic with apiculate tips and prominent palmate venation, substance papery, 348 with a matte surface; persistent peduncles bear globose umbels of 20-40, green, 1.8cm in diameter flowers. Follicles not seen. Sap, milky white. Fragrance pleasant. This species has an odd adaptation of having multiple short stems at nodes along the stem which causes several sets of leaves to be bunched, thereby allowing an accumulation of debris, development of roots and a place for ants to build a nest. Leaf blade: Elliptic, 10-15cm long x 6-10cm wide x 1mm thick, matte surface, light green Leaf venation: Palmate Petiole: 4-5mm diameter x 10 -15mm long, rough surfaced, tan and green Peduncle: Pedicel: Calyx: Corolla: Corona: 3mm diameter x 2cm long, at first flowering, greenish-tan 1mm x 3 cm, green, equal length 1mm x 3mm, cuneate 1.8cm in diameter, glabrous outside and out, green 6mm in diameter, ovate outer lobe, flat across top I would like to re-collect this interesting plant so that there would be at least 2 clones in cultivation but where is it hiding? Probably just on the opposite side of the same tree trunk where 1 hid to get out of the rain! Ted Green Green: Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii Herbarium Sheet: Holotype: Bishop Museum, Ted Green No 9905 ex hort. Ted Green of Kaaawa, Hawaii. From Sabah, Eastern Malaysia, 85-1979. (BISH). Photomicrographs: Flowers (12) sent by Ted Green 9/8/01. This species is in the Subsection of Acanthostemma, namely Angusticarinata Kloppenburg. Pedicel: terete, hirsute, hairs pointing apically with many punctations 2.65 cm. long 0.11 cm. in diameter. Calyx: rather narrow, linear far from reaching the corolla sinuses; from a round swollen base, punctate with a few scattered hair cells, ciliate, inside cupped and glabrous. 0.29 cm. long to the center otherwise 0.22 cm.; 0.15 cm widest, apex narrowly rounded. 349 Side view of the calyx enlarged about 8X. See dimensions above. Ovaries are domed 0.12 cm. tall and the base pair 0.12 cm. broad, glabrous. Top view of the calyx enlarged about 98X. Small ligules are present in a pattern of 2- 1-1- 1-1. Edges are very ciliate centrally thickened, edges membranous, centrally cupped and glabrous. View of pedicel and calyx attached to the corolla enlarged about 8X. The sepals do not come near the corolla sinuses. Corolla on this outside surface is glabrous and shiny. Outside central corolla view enlarged about 8X. This surface is glabrous with minute granulations, central collar is only a little thickened and not raised nor sunken on this surface; vascular bundles are plainly visible. Corolla lobes in the sinus area projected a little when flower is closing. 350 Inside surface view of the corolla with the corona removed enlarged about 8X. This surface is also glabrous and the vascular bundles are even more visible. Corolla lobes turned in, semi campanulate. Center - sinus Sinus - apex Apex - center Widest Sinus - sinus 0.23 cm. 0.70 cm. 0.98 cm. 0.80 cm. 0.13 cm. Closed flower, outer surface enlarged about 8X. Surface is granulose but glabrous. Corolla is thick and fleshy, lobe apexes are acute. Cut more than half way. Top view of the flower, crown and corolla inside enlarged about 8x. The coronal lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses. Coronal scales are short domed with a central keel, inner lobe is very short dentate and does not reach the center. Scales are very finely punctate and granulate, with narrow side lobes that meet at the outer, rounded apex. View as above. Note the double anther wings, wings with broad thick sides. The emarginate outer apex is evident and on the upper lobe one can see the end of one of the narrow side lobes projecting tf>. slightly, upon drying the individual lobes become evident. 351 Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. There is a short covered channel, the doubled anther wings show up well here, the surface is extremely finely sulcate. The edges are thin and the central portion hollow. There is a central very thick column that is 0.07 cm. tall. Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Apex - apex 0.22 cm. Apex - center 0.27 cm. Widest 0.15 cm. Anther wing - aw. 0.20 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.12 cm. Ret. - center 0,10 cm. Aw. - center 0.17 cm. One scale removed and inner apexes bent back to expose the stylar crown that is somewhat capitate raised in the center above the pentagonal table. Note the narrow bilobes beginning to separate from the outer scale apex as the parts begin to dry from the Kew solution. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. The inner lobe is thin and spatulate, here the anther is bent downward. Side ledges are apparent and the cupped ends of the bilobes are beginning to show upon drying. There is a keeled edge on the central dorsal surface. The scale is relatively thick and the anther wings deeply scythe shaped. 352 Two views of the pollinaria enlarged about 82X. On the left side the pollen tubes (germination) are starting to emerge. The retinaculum head on the right shows the horned head and a swollen hip area. The translators and caudicles are bulbous and structured. This retinaculum is similar to that of H. rigida Kerr, but the pollinia here are shorter. Pollinarium enlarged about 165X. Pollinia length 0.51 mm. widest 0.21 mm. Retinaculum length 0.17 mm. shoulder 0.22 mm. waist 0.05 mm. hip 0.08 mm. extensions 0.10 mm. Translator length 0.07 mm. round Caudicle bulb diam. 0.06 mm. 353 Hoya lasiantha Korthals ex Blume 1849 Type description: In Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum 1 (1849) 60. C. L. Blume. 151. Plocostemma lasianthum Bl. Fig. XIV: foliis ovalibus breviter cuspidatis obsolete veiosis; umbellis longissime pedunculatis terminalibus; corolla reflexa intus ad basin dense stuposa. Bl. in Rumphia IV p. 30. (Hoya lasiantha Herb. Korths.) Ad montem Pamotton insulae Borneo. Translation: Leaves ovate briefly cuspidate with obscure veins; umbels with long terminal peduncles; corolla reflexed inside at the base densely hairy. Notation: As you see Blume first put this species in a genus Plocostemma, now a section of the Genus Hoya. MUSE I BOTANIC IS LIJGOUNA-BATAVOTUM. Vol* I Page 60 , Fig. 14. ( 1849 > Other literature: In Rumphia 4 (1849) 30. Karl L. Blume. Cathetostemma Bl. Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla rotata, quinquepartita, laciniis reflexis. Corona staminea pentaphylia, gvnostegio abbreviate adnata; foliolis scutiformibus, carnosis, erectis, convexis basi bifidis, apice attenuates et angulo interiore in dentem antherae incumbentem producto. Antherae membrana stigmati appressa terminatae. Pollinia ell ipso idea, compressa, basi affixa, erecta. Stigma umbonatum. — Frutex Timorensis, volubilis; foliis oppositis, oblongis lanceolatisve, coriaceis subvenosis, glabris supra petiolum glanduliferis; umbellis brevissime pedunculatis, axillaribus et interpetiolaribus, multifloris; floribus longissime pedicellatis, mediocribus, flavo-viridis. 1. C. laurifolium Bl. ( Hoya laurifolia DeCaisne Asclepiad. In Ann. Sc. nat. 1838. p. 272 et in De Cand. Prodr. Syst. Veg. VIII. p. 639. 57. 354 Si planta praecedens foliolis coronae stamineae scutatis verticaliter adnatis a reliquis omnibus Hoyis recedit ac necessario sejungenda est, Genere Hoya omnino tantum illae continerentur Species, a De Caisne V. Cl. § 1. Hoyae verae habitae, quarum foliola coronae stamineae Hoyae carnosae instar conformata forent. Haec autem stirps, typum hujus Generis proprium referens, Javae quoque e Sina importata fuit, Malaice Aroy kikandel sabrang appellata; neque silentio omittendum cam in Japonia Species crebro hortis omandis excoli, unde aliquot adhinc annis Varietates quaedam caldariis nostris sunt illatae, haudquaquam Species propriae habendae. Hae a Von Siebold V. Doct. In Kruidk. Naaml. (1845) p. 66 H. picta Sieb. et H. variegata Sieb. appellantur ac nulla alia re differunt, quam foliis variegatis, qualia etiam in H. crassifolia Haw. inveniuntur, quam haud magis atque H. pallidam Lindl. Ab H. carnosa Rob. Brwn. diversam puto. Ttaque e Speciebus in libris nostris depictis H. corona Ariadnes, H. coronaria, H. purpurea et H. macrophylla Hoyae verae sunt habendae; H. coriacea vero foliolis H. coronae staminae subinflatis, marginibus cucullato-revolutis aliquomodo differt, quasi transitum exhibens ad Physostelma, Petrostelma, ac maxime ad Genus quoddam nondum descriptum, quod imprimis foliolis coronae erectis, compressis, subtus conduplicatis et corolla ad basim introrsum stuposa ad Hoya recedit. Typum hujus Generis refert Hoya lasiantha Herb. K orths., a me Plocostemma dicta. Ne tamen Generum nimis augeatur numerus, Hoyam coriaceam reliquis Hoyis tamquam Sectionem sive Subtus proprium adjungendam eenoso, quo complures stirpes Archipelagi Indici, aliae desctiptae, aliae nondum descriptae, pertient. Translation: Cathetostemma Blume Calyx five parted. Corolla rotate, five-parted, leaflets reflexed. Staminal corona five-leaved, gynostegium short adnate, leaflets shield shaped, fleshy, erect, convex, base bifid, apex attenuate and interior angle incumbent on the anthers in the form of a tooth. Membrane of the anther terminally appressed on the stigma, Pollinia ellipsoidal, compressed, affixed at the base, erect. Stigma umbonate. Shrub of Timor, twining, leaves opposite, oblong lanceolate, leathery, slightly veined, glabrous, above on the petiole glandular, umbels briefly pedunculate, axillary and interpetiolate, multi flowered; flowers from very long pedicels, medium sized, yellow- green. If the preceding plant {Hoya laurifolia) with if s shield shaped staminal corona, whorled adnate, without remnants is altogether Hoya and not necessarily to separate from the Genus Hoya, is entirely to such a degree a continuous species of growth as the most renowned De Caisne seen in Section Hoya Vera, Conforming to the species Hoya carnosa in the manner of the leaflets of the staminal corona, this plant on the other hand calling to mind the type mode characteristics of the Genus imported from China to Java named Malacca Aroy by kikandel sabrang; passed over even in Japan, reportedly cultivated as an ornamental, from which a few different distinct varieties of greenhouse culture have been brought in, by no means whatever therefore characteristic species related to Hoya by Von Siebold seen in the document in Kruidk. Naaml. (1845) page 66 Hoya picta Sieb. and Hoya variegata Sieb. belong to a species and lacking the distinctness of the other, the variegated leaves, found furthermore for instance in H. crassifolia Haworth to eliminate them not at all distinct more than Hoya pallida Tindley or Hoya carnosa Robert Brown. Thus grasp from species in natural balance depicted by Hoya corona Ariadnes , Hoya coronaria, Hoya purpurea and Hoya macrophylla included in (Section) Hoya vera; Hoya 355 coriacea in fact the leaflets of the stamina! corona somewhat inflated, margines hooded- revolute are somewhat different, nearly a transition exhibited near to Physostelma, Pterostelma, and most near the Genus formerly without description, because in the first place the leaflets of the stamina! corona are erect, compressed conduplicate below and the corolla towards the base is stiffly hairy and differs from Hoy a. Calling to mind the type mode for the Genus represented by Hoya lasianthci in Korthals Herbarium as stated by me is Plocostemma. Not withstanding the excessive numerous increases of Genera, it belongs to Hoy a carnosa listed remnants of Hoya, not withstanding the proper joining to Sections or Subgenera, because it belongs to plants from the Indian Archipelago sometimes described other times not described. In Annales Botanices Systematices (1852) 67. G. C. Walpers. Calyx quinquepartis. Corolla quinquifidia patens v. reflexa, intus ad basin stuposa, Corona staminea pentaphylla, gynostegio subsessili adnata, foliis carnosis erectis compressis, subtus complicate, angulo interiori in dentum antherae incumbentem producto. Antherae membrana stigmati incumbente terminatae. Pollinia basi affixa erecta oblonga compressa, hinc marginata. Stigma apiculatum, Folliculi ? — Fructices Archipelagi Indici volubiles: foliis oppositis coriaceis subvenosis glabris; umbellis pedunculatis terminal i bus v. interpetiolaribus multifloris. 1. PL Lasianthum Blume 1. c. 60. no. 151. Fig. 14 — Foliis ovalibus breviter cuspidatis obsolete venosis; umbellis longissime pedunculatis terminalibus; corolla reflexa, intus ad basin dense stuposa. — Hoya lasiantha Krthls. — In insula Borneo ad montem Pamatton. Translation: Calyx five-parted. Corolla five-parted flat or reflexed, inside at the base hairy. Corona stamina five-leaved, Gynostegium somewhat sessile adnate, leaflets fleshy erect compressed, below folded, interior angle tooth-shaped extended incumbent. Membrane of the anther terminal incumbent upon the stigma. Pollinia fixed at the base erect compressed oblong with a margine. Stigma apiculate. Follicles ? A twining shrub from Indian Archipelago: leaves opposite leathery somewhat veined glabrous; umbels with terminal peduncles or inter petiolate many-flowered. Plocostemma lasianthum Blume as quoted above 60 no. 151 figure 14. — Leaves oval briefly cuspidate with obscure veins; umbels with long terminal peduncles; corolla reflexed, inside at the base densely hairy. — Hoya lasiantha Kothrals. — On the island of Borneo from the Pamatton Mountain. In Flora von Nederlandsch Indie Bataviae 1 (1856) 526. F. A.W. Miquel. 35. Hoya lasiantha Korth. Petioli 1 A -pollicares, folia e basi rotundata vel obtusa ovato- vel elliptica oblonga vel ovalia breviter acuminata, supra nitida, subtus pallida, 5 poll, longa., obsolete venosa, umbellae longissime (2 A poll.) pedunculatae terminates, pedicelli 1 A pollicares, corolla reflexa intus ad basin laciniarum dense hirto-tomentum. Hoya lasiantha Kothrals Herb. — Plocostemma lasianthum Bl, Mus, bot. L P. 60, fig. XIV. Rumphia IV. p.30. Borneo, in de wouden op den Pamatton (Korthals). Translation: Petiole 1 'A inches, leaf at the base rounded or obtuse, ovate or elliptic or ovate shortly acuminate, above shiny, below pale, 5 inches long, veins not showing, 356 peduncles very long umbels at the end (2 V2 inches), pedicels 1 V2 inches, corolla reflexed, inside at the base of the flaps densely hirsute-tomentose. In Botanical Magazine (1858) t. 5081. Plocostemma lasianthum. Woolly- flowered Plocostemma. Nat. Ord. Asclepiadeae. — Pentandria Digynia. Gen. Char. Plocostemma, Bl. Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla quinquefida, patens v. reflexa, intus ad basin stuposa. Corolla staminea pentphylla, gynostegio subsessili adnata; foliolis camosis, erectis, compressis, subtus conduplicatis, angulo interiore in dentem anthera incumbentem producto. Antherae membrana stigmati incumbente terminatae. Pollinia basi affixa, erecta, oblonga, compressa, hinc marginata. Stigmati apiculatum. Folliculi. — Frutices Archipelago Indici, volubiles; foliis oppositis, coriaceis, 357 subvenosis, glabris; umbellis pedunculatis, terminalibus v. interpetiolaribus, multifloris. Bl. Plocostemma lasianthum', foliis ovalibus breviter cuspidato-acuminatis venosis, umbellis longe pedunculatis pendentibus, corolla reflexa intus ad basin dense stuposa. Plocostemma lasianthum Blume in Rumphia, v. 4 p. 30; Mus. Bot. Lugd-Bat. v. 1. p. 60. f. 14. Hoya lasiantha. Herb. Korthals. (Blume). We are favoured with this remarkable Asclepiadeous plant by Mr. Low, of the Clapton Nursery, who imported it from Borneo. It proves to be a genus of the family allied to hoya which Professor Blume has lately established in his 'Rumphia/ and figured in his valuable 'Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum,, differing from Hoya, but having the foliola of the staminal crown erect, compressed, conduplicate beneath, and the corolla at the base within densely woolly. The author characterizes two species, both natives of the Malay Islands; the present one peculiar, as far as yet known, to Borneo. It flowers with us in July. Descr. A long-stemmed, climbing shrub, with quite the habit of a Hoya; the branches terete, dark-green, glabrous, as in every part of the plant, save the corolla. Leaves opposite, petiolate, a span long, oval, or rather ovate, subcordate at the base, apiculate acuminate, thick, fleshy, dark-green, especially above, occasionally a few pale blotches, veined; principal veins very distinct in the recent leaf. Petiole about an inch long, terete. Peduncle interpetiolary in our specimen, long, pendent, thickened and dilated at the apex, where it bears an umbel or rather a fascicle of a considerable number of flowers, all hanging downwards, of a tawny-orange colour. Calyx small, Ilve-lobed. Corolla rotate, of five ovate segments, which segments are strongly reflexed upon the pedicel, and the margins are recurved; the disc of the corolla cushioned, as it were, with a dense cottony mass, mixed with patent hairs. Staminal corona singularly large and as described above. Translation: Calyx of five-parts. Corolla five-leaved, flat or reflexed, inside at the base hairy. Corona stamina five-leaved, gynostegium nearly sessile adnate; leaflets fleshy, erect, compressed, below doubled, interior angle toothed projected above the anther. With the terminal membrane of the anther incumbent on the stigma. Pollinia fixed at the base, erect, oblong, compressed, from here margined. Stigma capitate. Follicles — Growing in the Indian Archipelago, twining; leaves opposite, leathery, almost veinless, glabrous; umbels from peduncles, terminal or interpetiolar, multiflowered. Blume. Plocostemma lasianthum ; leaves oval briefly cuspidate-acuminate veined, umbels pendant with long peduncles, corolla reflexed inside at the base densely hairy. Plocostemma lasianthum . Blume in Rumphia, volume 4 page 30; Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum volume 1 page 60 figure 14. In The Gardener’s Chronicle 2 (1882) 333. N. E. Brown. Hoya lasiantha, Korth. (fig. 57). This exceedingly handsome species, which is also known as Plocostemma lasiantha , has recently been exhibited by Messers. Veitch at one of the Horticultural exhibitions. It is a native of Borneo, and was first imported into this country by Mr. Low, of Clapton. When well grown, and in good flowering condition, such as 1 once saw it under Mr. Green's care in the late Mr. Wilson Saunders garden at Reigate, it forms one of 358 the handsomest and most elective of the Hoyas. The specimen kindly sent to me Messers. Veitch to make this description from, has a much more slender peduncle than represented in the Botanical Magazine at t. 5081, and the hairs at the base of the corolla lobed are not yellow, as there represented, but white; nevertheless in these particulars individuals may vary. The plant is easy to cultivate and very free flowering the fluffy appearance given to the flowers by the hairs at the base of the lobes at once distinguish this species from all other Hoyas in cultivation. The following is a description of it: — Stems long, climbing. Leaves opposite, quite, glabrous; petioles I/2 inch long, terete, channeled down the face, with a tuft of hard points at the apex of the channel; lamina 5-7 inches long, 3 — 4 inches broad, subcoriaceous (rather thin for a Hoya), elliptic, ovate elliptic or elliptic-oblong, base rounded or subcordate, apex cuspidate acuminate, bright green with some pale grayish blotches and spots above, pale green beneath. Peduncles 2 — 3 inches long, glabrous, 8 — 12 flowered. Pedicels 1 /2-1 34 inches long, V2 line thick, glabrous. Calyx Jobes oblong obtuse, not extending beyond the sinuses of the corolla. Corolla 5 lobed almost to the base, the lobes abruptly reflexed upon the pedicel, with very revolute margins, shining orange-yellow, the basal half densely covered with long soft white hairs. Corona ochreous-yellow, shining, the lobes erect, compressed-ovoid, channeled down the back. Borneo. N. E. Brown. Kew. E-'ji?, 17,— HGlfA UlJJANTHjt. .1 PHI /<•< •. riCTftiiiini 1 ***- L-. P- ,.L x|.: r** II. Text: Hoya lasiantha, Korthals, in Miquel, Flor. Ind. Bat.,ii, p. 526; Plocostemma lasiantha, Blume, Mus. Bot. i., p.60. L. 14, Bot Mag., t. 5081. 359 In Flower Garden (Revised Edition) 3 (1884) 152. Paxton’s. Hoya lasiantha. This is a Bornean plant imported some years ago by Low, of Clapton, but appears never to have been much known to cultivators. Why this should be so it is difficult to understand, as the family to which it belongs are essentially favorites amongst growers of decorative plants, and when well managed the subject of our notice is very handsome, and quite distinct, flowering freely under the ordinary treatment which the other species from warm latitudes succeed with. It is described as follows by Mr. N. E. Brown, of Kew, from specimens furnished by Messrs. Veitch: — Stems long, climbing. Leaves opposite, quite glabrous; petioles half an inch long, terete, channeled down the face, with so tuft of hard points at the apex of the channel; lamina five to seven inches long, three to four inches broad, subcoriaceous (rather thin for a Hoya), elliptic, ovate-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, base rounded or subcordate, apex cuspidate acuminate, bright green with some pale grayish blotches and spots above, pale green beneath. Peduncled two to three inches long, glabrous, eight to twelve flowered. Pedicels one bud a half to one and three-quarter inches long, half a line thick, glabrous. Calyx lobe oblong obtuse, not extending beyond the sinuses of the corolla. Corolla five lobed almost to the base, the lobos abruptly recollected upon the pedicel, with very revolute margins, shining orange-yellow, the basal half densely covered with long soft white hairs. Corona ochreous-yellow, shining, the lobes, compressed-ovoid, channeled down the back. Gardeners Chronicle, N.S. vol. xxvii., p. 333. In Dictionary of Gardening (Century Edition) (1901) 430. G. Nicholson. H. lasiantha (woolly-flowered). 11 yellow; corolla reflexed densely stupose within at base; umbels very long-pedunculate, terminal. July. 1. ovate, shortly cuspidate, obsoletely veined. Borneo, 1858. (B. M. 5081, under name of Plocostemma lasianthum.) In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 75 #2 (1908) 563. King & Gamble. 2. Hoya lasiantha, Korthals in Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 526 (1856). A climbing and perhaps epiphytic undershrub; branchlets rattler stout, smooth, yellowish when day Leaves thinly fleshy when fresh, chartaceous when dry; elliptic or lanceolate, cuspidate acuminate at apex, acute or rounded at base; both surfaces glabrous, upper shining; margins slightly recurved; 4 to 6 in. long, 1 to 2.5 in. broad; midrib slender, impressed above, raised beneath, with a small pit or gland just above the petiole; main nerves prominent, impressed above, 8 to 10 pairs, at an angle of 50° to 60° with the midrib, curling upwards to and along the margin, the upper ones forming a looped intramarginal nerve; reticulations netted, most prominent on the upper surface; petioles stout, 5 to 7.5 in. lone. Umbels 8- to 1 2 -flowered, on short tubercular rachises at the ends of stout axillary or lateral peduncles 1 to 3 in. long; pedicels slender, 1.5 to 2 in. long, glabrous; flowers of orange-yellow with white soft hairs, the corona ochreous-yellow, shining. Calyx membranous, hyaline with dark nerves, lobes ovate to nearly orbicular; scales subulate. Corolla about 8 in. broad when spread open; tube very short; lobes lanceolate-acuminate, densely white-villous at their base, recurved in flower. Corona of 5 shining processes, horny when dry, adnate to the lower part of the antlers; the lower lobe or ovoid, somewhat laterally fattened, inflated, cleft beneath into two wings; the upper also erect, tongue like, rounded. Staminal-column moderately long; anthers closely oppressed to the upper lobe of the corona, cells slightly divergent; appendages scabrous, 360 broad, obtuse; pollen-masses rather long, waxy, flattened, oblong, attached by short, rather thick, cup-like caudicles to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, tip conical, acuminate. Follicle 1, slender, 7 in. long, about 2 in. broad, nearly horizontal; pericarp thin, striate. Seeds 2 in. long, elliptic with a short neck, truncate at tip, bearing a white silky coma 1.5 in. long; cotyledons fleshy, elliptic, 1 in. long; radicle cylindric, 0.5 in. long. N. E. Brown in Gard. Chron. XVIII. 333 (1882), fig. 57. Plocostemma lasianthum , Blume in Rumph. IV. 30, and Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 60, t. XIV.; Bot. Mag. t. 5081. Perak: scortechinii 605. Selangor: at Semeniyeh, Goodenough for Ridley 8194. — Distrib. Java, Borneo (Korthals). The cultivated specimen imported from Borneo, represented in Bot. Mag. t. 5081, and that collected by Curtis at Wyncoop’s Bay, Java and figured by N. E. Brown in the Gardeners Chronicle, appear to differ somewhat from the Malayan Peninsula specimens in having larger leaves cordate at the base and rather larger flowers. But we fail to find any difference in the structure of the flowers. Another Java specimen (Curtis No. 61) which was sent to Messers. Veitch & Co., agrees with the Peninsular plants. Staminal-column sessile; corona- processes inflated; — Corona processes with lower lobe ovoid, laterally compressed; upper lobe, smaller, rounded, erect; corolla-tube densely villose (Sect. Pterostemma). In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 85 (1921) 506. H. Ridley. 7. Hoya lasiantha, Korth. ex Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857-59) 566; King & Gamble in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 742 (1907) 562. Plocostemma lasianthum Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1849) 60, f. 14. Dutch Borneo, Korthals. Malay Peninsula, Java. In A Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 398-399. H. N. Ridley. (14) H. lasiantha Korth. In Miq. FI. Ind. Bat, ii 526; Bot. Mag. t. 5081; King, 1. c. 526. Erect or climbing epiphytic. Leaves fleshy elliptic or lanceolate acuminate, base acute; nerves conspicuous 8 to 10 pairs; 4 to 6 in. long, 1.25 in. wide; petioles .5 in long. Umbels 2 to 8 flowered on short thick rachises on peduncles 3 in. long. Calyx-lobes ovate to orbicular. Corolla-tube very short, lobes stiffly deflexed, lanceolate acuminate, orange yellow, densely white villous. Corona ochre yellow, lower lobe ovoid, 2-winged below, upper tongue-shaped. Follicle slender, 7 in. long, .25 in. wide. Seed .2 in. long, elliptic; plume 1.5 in long. Hab. Not common, a very beautiful plant, in mountain forest. Selangor, Semeniyeh. Perak, GumongKerbau (Haniff); Bujong Malacca (Curtis). Distrib. South Siam, Kopah, Java and Borneo. In Kew Bulletin (1926) 24. Hoya lasiantha Bl. Siberut, 14512. In Blumea “Notes on the Flora of Java” 6 (1950) 379. R. C. Bakhuizen van der Brink. H. lasiantha Korth. ex Bl. in Rumphia 4 (1848) 30; idem in Mus. Eugd. Bat. * 14 (15 Apr. 1849) 60, fig. XIV; Beume in De Trop. Nat. (1925) 91, fig. 1 and 2. Note: this is volume 1 not 14. 361 In Flora Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 38. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya lasiantha (Blume Korth.) in Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. ii 526 (1856); Mat. F. B. P., No. 19,562 (722); F.M.P., ii. 398. Ridl. I. 137. Puket. Takupapa, Fox (ex Ridl.) Pattani. Betong, ca, 400m., in evergreen, Kerr 7871 ! Distr. Pen. Mai.! Borneo (type). In Dictionary of the Royal FLorticulture Society (1965) 1st Ed 1951. H. lasiantha. 1. ovate with short point; veins obsolete. 11.. yellow; cor. reflexed, densely shaggy within; umbels terminal, peduncles long. July. Borneo. 1858. (B.M. 508 as Plocostemma lasianthum). In Flora of Java 2 (1965) 266. C. A. Backer. (Key), la. Adult corolla-segments strongly reflexed from the very base or from slightly above it, rather large, rather thin, with revolute margins; calyx-segments hidden by the corolla; ovaries glabrous; rachis of raceme very short. Leaves thinly fleshy or thinly coriaceous, penninerved, glabrous or at first thinly hairy on the midrib and along the margins beneath but finally glabrous 2 b. Adult corolla-segments almost horizontal patent or upcurved, sometimes decurved at the very top 4 2a. Corolla-segments very densely patently white-villous on the inner side of their lower halves, higher up glabrous; racemes pendulous; peduncles thickened at the top, 3 — 6 !4 cm long; pedicels 3-4 A cm; calyx-segments oval-ovate, obtuse, glabrous; corolla pale-orange; segments oval-oblong, obtuse, 8-10 mm long; corona inserted slightly above the base of the staminal tube, c. 9 mm diam., its scales laterally compressed, at the inner angle with an erecto-patent obtuse mucro, at the outer angle upcurved, obtuse; stigma tipped by a short obtuse point; follicles ? Leaves ovate-oblong, from a rounded base, rather long-acuminate, acute, glabrous, with a few thick trichomes, 10 Y% — 17 cm by 6 — 7 Yk cm; petiole glabrous, 1 Yi — 2 Yi cm. Tjadasmalang (W.); + 1200; primary rain-forest H. lasiantha Korth. ex Bl. In Malayan Nature Journal “The Malaysian Species of Hoya’' 30 (3/4) (1978) 499-499. R. E. Rintz. 11) Hoya lasiantha Kothrals ex Miquel, FI. Ind. Bat. II (1856) 526. Type: Borneo, Korthals (not seen). — FIG. 15. Distinguishing Features: Leaves chartaceous, elliptical; up to 12 cm long by 6cm wide. Peduncle reflexed, rigid, up to 6cm long. Umbel, positively-geotropic, convex with flexuous, uniform pedicels 4-5cm long; 1 - 40 flowers. Corolla lobes strongly reflexed, densely pubescent with long, straight hairs only at the base of the lobes, otherwise glabrous; c. 1.5cm long by 1cm diam; orange. Corona lower lobe strongly upcurved; orange. Follicles c. 18cm long by 18mm diam. Ecology: Recorded from lowland and hills in Selangor and Perak; not common.. Distribution; S. Thailand, Sumatra, Borneo, Java. In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 89. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. 15. H. lasiantha: Korth. ex Miq., FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 526. FMP 2 (1923) 398; FI. Siam. Enuin. 3 (1951) 38; FI Java 2 (1965) 266; Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 498, Fig. 15. Occurrences: (PEN): Phang-nga, Pattani. 362 363 In Fraterna 13# 1 . International Hoya Association, publication Jan-Mar, 2000 Hoy a lasiantha Kothrals ex *Miquel * It is ex Blume. A Spectacular Find By Torill Nyhuus If this isn't Hoya lasiantha , what is it then? The first time I heard about was on my first trip to Borneo with Ted Green, Dale Kloppenburg, Ed Gilding and Eva-Karin Wiberg in 1997. They talked often about this rare species and made even me eager to find it. I learned that it was a long lost species and that they had been searching for it for years. We found one species on that trip that had thin enough leaves to be Hoya lasiantha. My cutting died and I think it died for the others too. On my second trip we went back to the same place outside Tenom, Borneo, Malaysia and found the same plant along the same trail. Mine died again. I still don't know what it was. But I heard and learned more about Hoya lasiantha from each trip and in April 1999 I joined Ted & Co. for my third collecting trip. We started with a few days on the north part of Sumatra, Indonesia and there we found a few different thin leafed hoyas, Hoya coronaria, a caudata type and Dischidia acuti folia. It is easy to loose a cutting with thin leaves when keeping it in a box for two weeks or more, they easy dry away, but 1 was lucky this time, most of my plants survived. They developed roots, most of them very slowly; but they started to grow and from 25 hoya cuttings from the trip, I have 23 that are still alive. I even have some dischidias. This cutting started to grow and had only four pairs of leaves when it developed the first peduncle. It formed buds at once but the peduncle and the buds turned so yellow or yellow-brown that I was sure they would drop, but they didn't. On July 1999 I saw me flowers for the first time. There were seven flowers. I have never seen a hoya so pretty!! Sharp orange corolla lobes, and like a snowball of white hair around and the plum colored corona. The flowers lasted a week, but the colors faded a little after five days. It has a nice smell, but 1 can’t tell exactly what it smells like. There is no dripping nectar. It dropped the peduncle shortly after the flowering, but has developed a new one, which is going to bloom for the third time now; it has 14 big buds right now. (9 December 1999) The plant still has 5 nodes. I pruned it in July just above the second peduncle in hope to get branches, but it hasn't grown more since then. The plant is now cat 25 cm. high (=10 inches), the biggest leave are 15 cm. x 6.5 cm. The second peduncle is also more yellow brown than green, so I think that is the normal color and about 5 cm. long (2 inches). Torill Nyhuus (Board member of the Swedish Hoya Society and member of IHA) E-mail: torill.nyhuus-capgemini. se 364 Hoy a La^iantha Kothrak ex Mi quel Photo bV Torill Nvhuus. VUtya hi skill Eli a Kothiats cx Miqud Fbpip bv Torill Nvhuus 365 Further notes on Hoya lasiantha Korthals ex Miquel: This species was found in the herbarium of Korthals. In 1849 C. L. Blume made a one line reference to the species “Typum hujus Generis refert Hoya lasiantha Herb. Korths., a me Plocostemma dictua”. (Calling to mind the type for the Genus represented in Korthals Herbarium, as stated by me is Plocostemma. At this time Blume had the genus separated into many different genera. Here he placed the species in the genus Plocostemma. Later this was made a section of the Genus Hoya. As you can see by the chronological bibliography listing below, Miquel in 1856 wrote fairly extensively of the plant. He placed it in the Genus Hoya. Amongst the literature are some nice detailed drawings of this species. One in Musei Botanicus Lugduma-Batavorum 1(1849)60 FIG. 14. Another in Curtis Botanical Magazine, tab. 5081 (1858). Again in De Tropicsche Natuur 1925:88 &91 and the detailed drawings of R. E. Rintz in the Malayan Nature Journal 30/3/4:489 1978. Fig. 15. Hoya lasiantha Korth. a) single branch; b) fruit; c) flower in side view; d ) corona in top view; c) flower in median section. From SIW 34247. R. E. Rintz’ s drawing. 366 Notations on the Pollinarium The pollinarium depicted to the right appeared in “Musi Botanicis Lugduno- Batavorunr 1/60(1849) 14. Here there are no caudicles shown or no translator and only caudicles. This is a photomicrograph of a flower sent by Torill Nyhuus. The pollinia are slightly shriveled from being in alcohol. Note however that there is a narrow distinct translator that widens as it nears the retinaculum. The clear caudicles are rather large. The vacuoles are rather large. Distinctive are the two dark sharp pointed extensions that arise from the top of the retinaculum and point inward. I have observed this only in one other hoya species ( Hoya phyllura Swartz) and there not as distinct. Vacuole. Sharp protrusion from upper side of retinaculum. Clear caudicle. ~~ Dark translator arm. Photomicrograph of bottom of crown. 16X Outer coronal lobe apex. Collar. 367 Inner coronal lobe. 16X Outer (rounded) coronal lobe Crepe-like fluting of the the center and extending to the retinaculum. Retinaculum Extended lip-like edge to coronal side. Not shown in Rintz’s drawing Side View of Corona approx. 16 X. Side View of scale. 16X Outer lobe. Inner lobe with sharp top edge and small horn on tip. A very large shield like anther wing that forms one side of the channel leading to the stigmatic receptive area just below the retinaculum — Long white stellate hairs around base of crown arising from the inner portions of the corolla. 368 Bibliography: Hoya lasiantha Korthals ex Blume. Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavorum 1 (1849) 60. C. L. Blume. Rumphia 4 (1849) 30. Karl L. Blume. Aimales Botanices Systematices (1852) 67. G. C. Walpers. Flora von Nederlandsch Indie Bataviae 1 (1856) 526. F. A.W. Miquel. Botanical Magazine (1858) t. 5081. The Gardener’s Chronicle 2 (1882) 333. N. E. Brown. Flower Garden (Revised Edition) 3 (1884) 152. Paxton’s. Dictionary of Gardening ( Century Edition) (1901) 430. G. Nicholson. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 75 #2 (1908) 563. King & Gamble. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 85 (1921) 506. H. Ridley. A Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 398-399. H. N. Ridley. Kew Bulletin (1926) 24. Blumea "Notes on the Flora of Java” 6 (1950) 379. R. C. Bakhuizen van der Brink. Flora Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 38. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Dictionary of the Royal Horticulture Society (1965) 1st. Ed. 1951. Flora of Java 2 (1965) 266. C. A. Backer. Malayan Nature Journal "The Malaysian Species of Hoya” 30 (3/4) (1978) 499- 499 R. E. Rintz. The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 89. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. Measurements: Pedicel: curved, glabrous, 0.5.5 cm. long and 0.01 cm. in diameter. Calyx: ciliate, outside punctate, inside glabrous, ligules are present and small. Sepals 0.30 cm. long; at base 0.36 cm. wide. Ovaries: columnar, glabrous, 0.28 cm. tall and base pair 0.11 cm. wide. Corolla: 5 lobes around the collar with fine stiff straight hairs, outer long hairs very long straight and white. Collar 0.10 cm. deep. Lobes very deeply cut hirsute inwardly 0.60 cm. on top then outer portion glabrous for 0.45 cm. apex acute shape, elongated -ovate narrowing toward the sinus. center to apex 1.13 cm. sinus to sinus 0. 16 cm. Corona, very waxy, rigid, and upright. apex to apex 0.35 cm. ret. to center 0.035 cm. ret. to apex anther wing 0.22 cm. scale apex to adjoining apex 0.25 cm. 369 Pollinarium, long tapering head, shoulder and waist not well defined; hip with curved edges rounded inwardly near waist. Extensions curved outward and very narrow. Pollinium length 0.38 mm. widest 0.13 mm. Retinaculum length 0.19 mm. shoulder 0.08 mm. waist 0.07 mm. hip 0.08 mm. extensions 0.03 mm. Translators length (curved) 0.09 mm. depth 0.01 mm. Caudicles bulb diameter 0.05 mm. Herbarium Sheets: Hoya lasiantha Korthals Borneo Malaya 700m 511 1916 Brink (BO) Hoya lasiantha Korthals Sumatra 500m 6903 1919 Torzing (BO) Hoya lasiantha Korthals Borneo Malaya 513 1916 Bahk. f. (BO) Hoya lasiantha Korthals Borneo Malaya Type Fig. XIY 1856 Korthals Hova lasiantha Korthals * Malaya, Selangor 8194 Goodenough Hoya lasiantha Korthals Borneo Malaya 34247 Hoya lasiantha Korthals Borneo Pattani Betong 7871 Kerr Hoya lasiantha Korthals Borneo Malaya 61 Curtis Hoya lasiantha Korthals Sumatra, Siberut Is. 14512 1924 Borden/Kds. (UPM) Hova lasiantha Kothrals m- 5081 1858 (BM) Hoya lasiantha Korthals Borneo Malaya 605 Scortech. Hoya lasiantha Korthals Borneo Malaya 30675 1971 Chai (A,K,SING,BO ,KEP,L) Hoya lasiantha Korthals Sumatra 10 1924 Bowman (BO) Hoya lasiantha Kothrals 94 (BO) 370 Hoya lasiantha Korthals ex Blume, # 30675 (A) a M,M*l4K IflMST IrtMPTfcUJtT {SHIP dik’-K* 111** JM* “'“■jZdSSJS i, l^TTi ijnuij: iUST Jiffj* *f HlWut Ciual QCsUlj t$** iwcrllrfh ■jl_j L**in. JJ-Pv ItlfcJLlL M* . poitpj jatfc 1» *•«**■« ^-TT - - - r^fln F,^n, os tJ3f biXlMn *^P i fir sw j ft- -iui ***** wul* r>n*^4, I* «,ft *1^ K.1^ !t°F :rM*r 5”pf’1'- l"’J# c w " - J a : ' lIi L“r -J - toiruuiim j" i ;f:,w !* ! 371 Hoya lasiantha Korthals ex Blume # 511 ? (BO) 372 373 Hoya lasiantha Korthals ex Blume # 10 (BO) 374 Hoy a lasiantha Korthals ex Blume # 94 (BO) 375 Hoya lasiantha Korthals ex Blume # 6903 (BO) 376 Hoya lasiantha Korthals ex Blume # 14512 (UPM) (SING) 377 Hoya latifolia G. Don 1838 Type description: In General System of Gardening and Botany 4/23 (1837) 127. G. Don. Leaflets of corona elongated, triangular. 21. H. latifolia: twining; leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, obtuse or sub-cordate at the base, 3 -nerved, fleshy, glabrous; peduncles many-flowered; segments of corolla obtuse, cuspidate; leaflets of corona nearly equal in length to the corolla, coriaceous: having the inner angles erect, terete, obtuse; follicles subulate, slender. Woody perennial shrub. Native of Penang. H. macrophylla , Wight,, contrib., ind. bot. p. 38. — Wall. ascl. No. 138. unnamed. This is a magnificent plant; but the specimens from which the character is drawn up was so much mutilated, as to be impossible to say with certainty that it belongs to the genus. Leaves 7-10 in, long, and 4- 10 broad. Broad-leaved Hoya. Shrub twining. Below the reduced sheet of R. Wight’s herbarium Royal Botanical Garden Kew, England was designated as the Lectotype for Hoya macrophylla Blume by Douglas Kent, (no date shown). I only show this here since there is so much contradictory literature (as that above) in respect to the three species, Hova latifolia G. Don, Hoya macrophylla Blume and Hoya polystachya Blume. On this sheet labeled 138-a, in Robert Wallich’s handwriting, at the bottom is written H. latifolia S. Don and below that H. walichiana (crossed out) and macrophylla written in above it. Finally settling on H. latifolia G. Don. Wallich’s sheet 138 (unnamed) is mentioned in the H. latifolia G. Don’s type description. Don’s description was published in 1837. Note Don mentions "Woody perennial shrub. Native of Penang. H. macrophylla , Wight, contrib., ind. bot. p. 38. — Wall. ascl. No. 138. unnamed.” The writing on this sheet in the upper right is by Robert Wright: “The specimens of this plant are defective in good flowers - those that I had to examine were injured in the center the stigma apparently injured by insects the circumference had thus contracted so far that the coronal leaflets (crossed out) had become, which the corpuscular the tooth like angles of the length of the crown, were drawn within the flower presenting altogether a most unusual appearance only while accounted for by the want of the stigma and column of fruitifi cation”. In his drawing on the upper left one scale (bottom right) is shown "as it should be”. What does show is a corolla deeply cut with an apiculate apex, coronal lobes acute at both ends, keeled on the dorsal and channeled below. Index Kewnsis lists this specimen as = latifolia. The sheet below was kindly furnished by David Liddle, Merebe, Australia via E-mail 2004. 378 ;r j j Htm t- wifl-ilT. I-Itor. T Lg' \ llJl* r v . 379 Discussion (editor): The plant I am here concerned with is a plant I believe came from Ted Green to Michael Myashiro to Ann Wayman, who sent me flowers to study. It was labeled Hoy a rnacrophylla alba , for sure it is not that species. It fits King and Gamble's description of Hoya latifolia in Flora of the Malay Peninsula. The problem arises in that this description appears to me to not be the same as the Type description of Hoya latifolm G. Don. Note above that G. Don says "corona nearly equal in length to the corolla" and that the inner angle is obtuse, our plant under discussion (see photomicrographs) has almost acute inner lobes that are not erect and the outer apex does not reach the corolla sinus. In addition Don's statement that the plant was much mutilated as to be impossible to say if it was even a hoya. How can we accept as valid a description drawn from such material! The description is of Wallich's. H. rnacrophylla an untenable mane (which Don recognized) and so changed the name to H. latifolia. Blume had previously published the name Hoya rnacrophylla in 1826. Other descriptions: Discussion: the 1837 and 1844 and 1856 are repeats of Don's description. In Prodromus Syst. Veg. 8 (1844) 638. (DeCandolle) Decaisne. 25. H. Latifolia (Don gen. syst. gardn. 4, p. 127), volubilis, foliis ovatis acuminatis basi obtusis subcordatisve 3-nerviis camosis glabris, pedunculis multifloris, corollae segmentis obtusis cuspidatis, coronae stam. foliolis corollam fere aequantibus lineari-triangularibus coriaceis angulo interiore tereti erecto obtuso, follicles subulatis tenuibus. Species eximia foliis 7-10 poll, longis 4-10 pol. latis. Woody perennial Penang (Wallich). Hoya rnacrophylla Wight contrib. p. 38. Non Blume. bijdr. (v. s. valde incompl, h. Mus. par.) Translation: twining, leaves ovate acuminate with the base obtuse somewhat cordate 3 nerved fleshy glabrous, peduncles multiflowered, segments of the corolla obtuse cuspidate: leaflets of the staminal corona almost equal to the corolla, linear triangular, leathery, interior angle round erect obtuse, follicles sharp-pointed slender. The species examined had leaves 7 to 10 inches long 4 to 10 inches wide. In Flora van Nederlandsch Indie Bataviae 1 (1856) 521. F. A. W. Miquel. 17. Hoya latifolia G. Don. Volubilis, folia e basi rotundata vel subcordata lato-ovata acuminata trinervia carnosa glabra, 7-10 pol. longa, pedunculi multiflori, corollae laciniae obtusae cuspidatae, coronae stamineae phylla corollam fere aequantia linear- triangularia coriacea, angulo interiori tereti erecto obtuso, folliculi subulati tenues. G. Don in Gen. Syst. Diehl, pi. IV. p. 1 27. Decaisn. 1. c. p. 638. Hoya rnacrophylla Wight Contrib. p. 38, non Blume. — Poeloe Pinang. Translation: Twining, leaves at the base rounded or somewhat cordate widely ovate acuminate 3 nerved fleshy glabrous, 7 to 10 inches long, peduncles multi-flowered; leaflets of the corol la obtuse cuspidate, leaflets of the corona nearly equal in length to the corolla, leathery, interior angles round erect, obtuse, follicles subulate slender. 380 Discussion: of this next description by .1. D. Hooker. Here the coronal processes are said to be shorter than the corolla tube (a contradiction of the above descriptions). Here the sepals are said to be minute ovate. Our plant has small, but triangular sepals. In The Flora of British India 4 (1883) 57. J. D. Hooker. 22 H. latifolia, G. Don. Gen. Syst. iv. 127; glabrous, leaves 5 - 10 in. ovate or oblong-ovate or acuminate very, thick shining 5-nerved margines recurred, peduncles solitary or fascicled very thick, pedicels very short puberulous, flowers small, coronal-processes shorter than the corolla-tube. Dene, in DC. Prodr. Viii. 638. H. macrophylla , Wight Contrib. 38, not of Blume. H. polystachya , Blume Mus. Bot. i. 45, t. 9. Penang, Wallich. Singapore, Maingay. — Distrib. Java. Stem very stout. Leaves variable in breadth, 3-5 in., rounded or cordate, petiole very short and thick. Peduncles 1 - 2 in., at length cylindric and covered with raised pitted tubercles. Sepals minute, ovate. Corolla 1/6 in. diam., pubescent within. Corona- processes suberect, ovoid, apiculate, upper surface flattened, inner angle acute, under surface deeply channeled. In Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 3 (1888) 321. Hoya latifolia, Don. Kota Glanggi woods. Discussion: it is the next description, which appears to me to be the same as our species. It is not as Don's description not the drawing on the sheet 138-A which depicts coronal outer lobes as long and sharply acute. In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 75 (1908) 569. King & Gamble. 10. Hoya latifolia G. Don Gen. Hist. Diehl, pi. IV. 127 (1838). A climbing (probably epiphytic) shrub; branches very stout, smooth, lenticellate, giving out slender rootless occasionally. Leaves very thick, fleshy; ovate or ovate or oblong-ovate, acute at apex, rounded or cordate at base often slightly peltate; glabrous on both surfaces, dull when dry; margins strongly recurved, shining 5 to 10 in. long, 3 to 7 in. broad; midrib with a gland at the base; nerves 3 to 5 from the base, connected at intervals by few irregular cross-nerves; reticulations not otherwise visible; petiole very stout, .25 to .5 in. long, articulated to a thick shining cup-like base at the node. Umbels racemose, on thick, pitted, up to 1 in. long, tubercular rachises at the end of stout 1 to 2 in. long peduncles, which are solitary or fascicled in the leaf-axils or at the nodes of very long (sometimes 5 ft. !) flowering branches; pedicels very slender, puberulous, .25 in. long; buds flattened, 5-angular; flowers very small, gray, .35 in. broad when open, .15 with the lobes closed. Calyx minute, membranous; lobes ovate, acute, 3 in. long. Corolla small, rotate, pubescent within; lobes ovate, at first incurved over the staminal -column, afterwards spreading. Corona of 5 membranous processes, each consisting of an ovate lower horizontal or slightly upeurved; lobe concave above and deeply channeled below, the tip apiculate recurved, and an upper shorter erect lobe with acute tip and a channel 381 behind. Staminal-column very short; anther-cells divergent; appendages membranous, acute; pollen-masses oblong-falcate, pellucid on the outer margin, attached by short thick caudicles to the rather large 3-lobed pollen-carriers. Style-apex sharply 5-angled, conical-apiculate. Follicle 1, very slender, 4 to 4.5 in. long, 2 in. broad; pericarp thin, puberulous. Seeds oblong, acute at base, truncate at tip, .25 in. long, bearing a white silky coma 1 to 1.25 in. long; cotyledons thick, ovate-oblong, 1 in. long radicle as long and broad as cotyledons, flattened. Dene, in DC. Prodr. VIII. 638; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. II. 521; Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. IV. 57. H. macrophylla , Wight Contib. 38, not of Blume. H. polystcichya , Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd-Bat. I. 45, t. 9, Miq. 1. c. 522. Penang: Wallich 8165a. Pahang: Kota Glanggi woods, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2. III. 321. Singapore: Maingay (K.D.) 1124; Lobb; Hullett 621; at Cluney Road, Goodenough 2734 — Distrib. Java, Sumatra. Editors note: This does not appear to conform to G. don's description nor Wall. Aaslep. 13 8- A drawing In Exkersionsflora von Java 3 (1912) 102. S. H. Koorders & A. Schumann. (In key). 12a. Blatter deutlich 5-nervig, sehr dick, glanzend, kahl, eiformig oder oblong-eiformig, am - Girunde abgerundet oder herzformig, ± 12 lA — 25 x 7 A — 12 A cm, oben kurz zugespitzt. Blattstiel dick und sehr kurz. Pedunculi 21/2 — 5 cm, gebtischelt oder einzeln, sehr dick. Pedicelli sehr kurz, kurz flaumhaarig. Coronazipfel ktirzer als die Korollrohre. Hochwindender Strauch, an Hoya macrophylla BL. erinnemd. Hook. 1. c. 57; H. polystcichya Bl., Mus. bot 1. 45. Tab. 9; Miq. 1. c. 522. Java: Im unteren Gebirge und in der Ebene sehr zerstreut im Regenwald. Ich habe diese typische Art noch nicht in Java wiedergefunden, sie scheint dort jetzt selten zu sein. Bei dem Original von H. polystachya Bl. (in Herb. Leiden, hat Boerlage bemerkt, dasz das Spezimen H. macrophylla Bl. gleicht. Von letzterer Art sah ich kein authentisches Spezimen . H. latifolia Don* Translation: In Exkersionsflora from Java 3 (1912) 102. S. Mr. Koorders & A. Schumann. (In key). 12a. Leaves clearly 5-nerved, very thick, shiny, glabrous, oval or oblong-oval, at the - base rounded or heart-shaped, ± \1V2 — 25 x 7 !4 — 12 V2 cm, sharpened above shortly, petiole thick and very short. Pedunculi 2 !4 — 5 cm, bushy or separately, very thick. Pedicelli very short, short fuzz-hairs. Corona leaflets shorter than the Corolla tube. A high climbing shrub, reminds one of Hoya macrophylla Bl. Hook. L. C. 57; Hoya polystachya BL, Mus. botany I. 45. Tab. 9; Miq. L. C. 522. Java: In the low mountains and in the level very much scatted in the rain-forest. I have not yet recovered this typical type in Java, it seems now to be rare there. With the original of Hoya polystachya BL (in the Leiden Herbarium) Boerlage has noticed, that the Spezimen of Hoya macrophylla BL resembles it. Of more final type, 1 saw no authentic Specimen Hoya latifolia Don. 382 In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 395. H. Ridley. (2) H. latifolia Don. Hist. Diehl, pi. iv. 127; King, 1. c. 568. A long climbing and creeping epiphyte. Leaves very thick coriaceous, ovate or oblong-ovate acute, base round or cordate, reddish green; nerves 3 to 5 from base; 5 to 10 in. long, 3 to 7 in. wide; petioles stout, .25 to .5 in. long. Peduncles 6 or 7, stout 2 in. long on short axillary tubercles, .25 in. long. Flowers small, .35 in. across, pink. Calyx minute, lobes ovate acute Corolla rotate pubescent inside, lobes ovate. Corona-lobes membranous lower lobe ovate, horizontal, upper shorter, erect acute. Staminal column very short. Follicle 3 in. long, .2 in. through, puberulous. Hab. Common in forests epiphytic on high trees or on river banks, but not often flowering. Singapore, Garden Jungle; Cluney Road; Changi, etc. (Ridley). Johor, Sungi Tebrau. Pahang, Kota Glanggi; Kota Tonkat (Evans). In flowering branches often the leaves either fall or are not produced making a long floriferous panicle. Note: "Corona-lobes membranous lower lobe ovate" This also is not as Drawing in sheet onAsclepias 138-A In De Nuttige Planten von Nederlandsch Indie 2 (1927) 1297. K. Heyne. Hoya latifolia Don. Volksnamen. Java: Kapalan. Het zeer bittere melksap uit bladeren van Hoya latifolia , die op bloomen in Koetoardjo voorkomt, is der plaatse een, als diureticum werkend, geroemd middel bij ascites. (Vordeman, Geneesmiddelen 11). Uit Solo afkomstig materiaal van kapalan bleek H. diversifolia Bl. te wezen. Translation: Local name. Java: Kapalan. It has very bitter milksap with leaves like those of Hoya latifolia , those in bloom came from Koetoardjo, is at the place, working as a diuretic, called, by a sexual device. (Vordeman, Geneesmiddelen 11). Originally single material from kapalan appeared to be H. diversifolia. Note: Anyone familiar with these two species should be able to see the difference immediately. In Sunyatsenia 3 #2 (1936) 170. Tsiang. Hoya latifolia G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 127. 1838; Decne. in DC., Prodr. 8: 638. 1844; Hook, f., FI. Brit. Ind. 4: 57. 1883; Ridley, fl. Malay Penins. 2: 395. 1923. Malay Peninsula: Pahang, M. R. Henderson 21935, July, 18, 1929. Endemic. This and the next species are characterized by trinerved leaves. The exterior angle of the coronal-lobos is acute resembling that of H. carnosa R. Br., which is taken to be the type species of the section and the series. In the specimen cited above, the leaves are smaller than described, being, only to 13 cm. long. In Florae Siamensis Enumeratio (1951) 38. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya latifolia G. Don. Gen. Syst. iv. 127 (1837); F. B. I. iv. 57, Mat. F. M. P., No. 19,568 (778); F. M. P. ii. 395. Pattani. Tomo, Ban Wo, 180 m., evergreen forest, Lakshnakara 697! Distr. Pen. Mai.! (type!) Penang, Java! 383 In Malayan Wildflowers Dichotyledon’s (1974) 229-230. “Malayan Nature Society” M. R. Henderson. 2. H. latifolia (Broad-leaved Hoya).Fig. 281. Stem long and stout climbing and creeping, leaves large very thick and fleshy green with darker margins, sometimes mottled pink or with pink edges, veins pale on the upper side, oval in outline broadly oval in outline, or almost round, tip pointed, base rounded or heart shaped, from about 4 in. long and 1 Vi in. wide to 10 in. long and 6 in. wide, leafstalks stout, from less than Vi in. to about 1 in. long; inflorescences in groups from swellings on the stem, often on a leafless stem, so that the inflorescence appears very long and branched, stalk of inflorescence Wi - 2 in. long, but lengthening with age and very thick and rough, individual flower stalks about Vi in. long, flowers small, white or pinkish, about Vi in. across, petals broad and pointed, the stamens column with 5 rather large, inflated, pointed processes radiating from it in a star shape; fruit pods slender, 4-5 in. long, seeds very narrow, plum about Vi in. long. On forest or river bank trees in the lowlands, easily recognized by its large, broad, variegated leaves. In Hortus (1976) 574. Hoya latifolia G. Don. Long-stemmed climber; lvs. ovate to ovate-oblong, to 10 in. long, thick, leathery; peduncles stout, to 3 in. long, several from a tubercled base at the nodes, cymes many-fld., but small; corolla pinkish, less than 5/16 in. across. Malaya. Plants offered under this name may sometimes be H. carnosa cv. ‘latifolia ’. In Malayan Nature Journal Nature Journal (1978) 508;511. “The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya” E. Rintz. 19) Hoya latifolia G. Don, Gen. Hist. Diehl. PL IV (1838) 127. Type: Malaysia, Pulau Pi nan g, Wallich (not seen), — FIG. 23, = H. macrophylla Wight, Contr. 38 (1834). Type: (not seen). = H. polystachya Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bot. I (1849) 45. t. 9. Type: Java, Blume (not seen). Distinguishing Features: Very similar vegetatively to H. parasitica var. citrina. Stems deep red when young. Leaves fleshy, ovate with cordate bases and with a pair of veins parallel to the midrib; up to 25cm long by 15cm wide; upper surface glossy green, deep red below. Peduncles horizontal, rigid, produced successively on paired racemes 3 -4cm long; peduncles c. 5cm long with large apical spiral racemes; each scar on the raceme resulting an entire umbel rather than a single pedicel as on other Hoyas. Umbel negatively-geotropic, convex with rigid, uniform pedicels c. 2cm long; 1-40 flowers. Corolla spreading, finely pubescent inside; c 8mm diam; pale brownish-yellow. Corona white. Corpuscle large and angular. Ecology: On large trees in the lowland forests of Singapore, Johore and Pahang, possibly elsewhere; not common except in Singapore. Very similar vegetatively to H. parasitica var. citrina but does not occur on limestone. Distribution: S. Thailand, Sumatra, Borneo, Java. Notation: Yes Don’s Hoya latifolia was named this, from Wight’s sheet #238, which had been labeled H. macrophylla by Wight. As for Hoya polystachya Blume there is no way 384 that this is synonomyus with Don’s Hoya latifolia. The type of Hoya polustachya Blume is an illustration IX (1849). The problem above arose in Dr. Rintz having a specimine of Hoya polystachya Blume and not as he assumed a plant of Hoya latifolia G. Don. See the drawing below and compare this with the type sheet of Don (from Wight 138) 385 1/2 mm Fiji. H- huififtui Ct. Don x) portion of sTcm- h > flower in top view. O corona n sute view; flower in nitLiiAn s^ui'infi . c > (Wsirpotlinu From Rjtttz 14*. 386 In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 89. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. 16. H. latifolia G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4 * (1873) 127. FBI 4 (1883) 57; FMP 2 (1923) 395; FI. Siam. Enum. 3 (1951) 38 Malay. Wild FI. Dicots. (1959) 297 c & d; Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 508, Fig. 23. Occurrence: (PEN): Narathiwat, Pattani. * Here again this author has misquoted (dates, pages etc. in nearly every entry). Here the year is (1837). Photomicrographs: flowers from Ann Wayman, Central Point, Oregon. 2000. This is not Hoya latifolia G. Don in my estimation as it does not fit the description nor the drawings on Sheet 138-A. (referred to by Don only as 138). It does however fit the descriptions of J. D. Hooker 1883, King and Gamble 1908, S Koorders 1912, Ridley 1923, Rintz 1978. Side view of the Pedicel and calyx with ovaries on left enlarged about 16X. The picture on the right is a portion of the pedicel enlarged about 48X. The pedicel is granulose with a fine pubescence. 387 Top view of the calyx enlarged about 16X. Note that the lobes are triangular with slight overlapping at the base. View of the outside of a flower with the calyx attached to show that the triangular shaped sepals do not reach the sinus of the corolla. It appears that the coronal outer apex just reaches the sinus on the other surface. Outer surface is glabrous. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Outer apex rounded and turned down slightly. Inner lobe tapered, rounded to an acute apex, slightly raised and not exceeding the anther. 388 Top view (Left) and bottom view (Right) of the corona enlarged about 16X. The inner lobe is well short of reaching the center there are grooves extending out from here to the outer apex and this dorsal surface is slightly concave. The outer apex is somewhat blunt and emarginate due to the rudimentary side lobes meeting at the apex. On the underside there is an open groove formed by the curved under sides that are extremely Top view (inside) of a flower enlarged about 16X. Inner lobes taper to an acute angle could be classified as spatulate although somewhat rounded. The outer lobes are 389 blunt for the most part with a tridentate apex. The corolla inner surface is pubescent except for a portion of the apical region, apex is acute with lobes broad in the middle. The pollinarium at different focal lengths, enlarged about 165X in an attempt to show the 'lobed" structure of the retinaculum. King & Gamble mention a 3-lobed pollen- carrier. Here the shoulders of the retinaculum are broad, and even flared outward, the waist is narrow and there is again flaring at the hip area (most visible on the right hand photo). Don is one of the few taxonomists who was aware of the "staminal-column" and "style-apex" which so many, even up to the present time refer to incorrectly as the stigma. (See his 1838 description above). Critical measurements: Pedicel: strict, terete, finely pubescent (puberulous) with scattered raised lenticels, 1.75 cm. long and 0.10 cm. in diameter. Expanded into a bulbous base at the calyx 0.20cm. wide. Calyx: diameter 0.40 cm.; sepals outside with scattered hairs, spread almost flat, do not reach the sinus of the corolla, inside glabrous, shape triangular with basal ligules. 0.13 cm. long and base 0.10 cm. Ovaries: short tapered domes, glabrous Corolla: glabrous on outside, inside finely pubescent except apical areas glabrous, no hairs under the crown but with some around the collar (column base). Apex acute, petal broad in the middle. Sinus to sinus 0.25 cm. 390 Sinus to center Sinus to apex Widest Apex to center 0.22 cm. 0.35 cm. so corolla cut well below 1/2 way. 0.35 cm. 0.57 cm. so flower flattened is 1.14 cm. in diameter. Corona: outer apex rounded but tri-indented from the meeting of rudimentary side lobes. Inner lobe spatulate although somewhat rounded far short of reaching the center. Anthers exposed. Dorsal surface grooved and slightly concave. Apex to apex 0.20 cm. Apex to center 0.22 cm. so .44cm in diameter Widest (top) 0.14 cm. Ret. to ret. 0.13 cm. Ret. to center 0.08 cm. Anther -center. 0.14 cm. Aw. to aw. 0.12 cm. Collar 0. 1 1 cm. in diameter, 0.05 cm. in depth. Pollinarium Pollinia length widest Retinaculum length shoulder waist hip extensions Translators length depth wide Caudicle bulb. diam. Herbarium Sheets: Many incorrectly identified. Hoya latifolia G. Don. Malaya Gunong Prokam 18386 Henderson SING UC Hova latifolia if G. Don. Malaya Selangor 73 1915 (SING) Hoya latifolia G. Don. Malaya etc. 2-3 000' 42 1970 Chin (KLU) Hoya latifolia G. Don. Malaya Pattani 697 Lakshnakara Hoya latifolia G.Don. Malaya BukitAnok Taku 19 1872 Monpung (ICUL) Hoya latifolia G.Don. Malaya etc. 142 1978 Rintz Hoya latifolia G.Don. Malaya etc. 21935 1929 Henderson (SING) 391 Hoya latifolia G.Don. Malaya Cluney Rd. 621 1887 Hullett (SING) Hoya latifolia G.Don. Malay etc. 2734 Goodenough Hoya latifolia G.Don. MalJavSumPen 2847 1973 Shah (A) Hoya latifolia G.Don. Singapore 1124 Maingay Hoya latifolia G.Don. Malaya etc. Type 138.A 1838 Wallich Hoya latifolia G.Don. Malaya Pahang 8165A Wallich Hoya latifolia G. Don BomeoMt.Kinabulu 1 500 27299 1933 Carr (PRAT) Hoya latifolia G. Don. Singapore Changi 10013 1922 Burkill (UC) 392 Hoya latifolia G. Don, 1838, # 798 (B) i T!. *ik- CarBirmitif lI Herb Hurt lUiE tt*t iTlchiprl Jv wMTwf jf J|r.j*nJ jJJM ij _• Jj^VLiVr jJ 393 394 Photo taken by me at Ted Green's in 2003 of the plant he labels Hoy a latifolia. 395 Hoya latifolia G. Don # 42 (KLU) *Vtr 4 m* f *» *■■ ! #]P* v , rifr* j-f- 396 397 Hoya latifolia G. Don # 18356 (SING) 398 Hoya latifolia G. Don # 172A ? (SING) 399 Hoya latifolia G. Don # 621 (SING) 400 Hoya latifolia G. Don # 787 (SING) 401 Hoya latifolia G. Don # (SING) 402 Hoya latifolia G. Don s.n. (SING) 403 404 Hoya latifolia G. Don # 27299 (KLU) 405 Hoya latifolia G. Don # ? (BO) 406 Hoya latifolia G. Don # (BO) Labeled cf. Hoya latifolia ? 407 Cut with one leaf from Ric Moreia, St. Petersburg, Florida 35701. Photographed and measured 10 June 2004. Leaf: lanceolate acuminate with rounded base, tri-palmate nervation, green with rose colored edges and a little white near apex, lacunose between nerves. Below dull green no visible nerves. Glabrous with domed gland at base above pedicel, 12 cm. long. Peduncle corky 3 cm. long 0.5 cm in diameter. Peduncle is short 1.1 cm. long, strict, terete a few hair cells, fine granulose surface 0.07 cm. in diameter, base a little expanded. Pedicel enlarged about 8X. Pedicel is glabrous, a little expanded near the calyx. Ovaries dome shaped 0.10 cm. tall and base pair 0.09 cm. wide, glabrous. Top view of the calyx enlarged about 8X. Dark rusty colored, small sepals, triangular shape. Sepals 0.07 cm. long widest 0.09 cm. They reach ca. 1/2 way to the corolla sinuses. Center to apex 0.16 cm. Center to sinus 0.23 cm. Ligules are present. Back of flower enlarged about 8X. to show the positioning of the dark calyx. 408 Corolla outside enlarged about 8X. This surface is glabrous and finely granulose. Sinus - sinus 0.25 cm. Sinus - center 0.23 cm. Widest 0.33 cm. Sinus - apex 0.40 cm. Apex - center 0.60 cm. Flower normally rotate cupped a little and lobe edges rolled slightly under. Inside view of the corolla flattened enlarged about 8X. This surface is puberulent, pentagonally sunken slightly near the collar. Corolla apices are acute. Top view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Coronal lobes do not quite reach the corolla sinuses. Corona is glabrous. Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The lobes are channeled with the sides over-lapping to near the column. Channel normal toward the apex, which is marginate at the apex. Anther wings protrude slightly. 409 f r x Top view of thew corona enlarged about 8X. Dorsal surface is slightly concave with low rounded median ridge, inner apex rounded, outer apex indented. Apex - apex 0.18 cm. Apex - center 0.22 cm. Widest 0.10 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.07 cm. Ret- center 0.07 cm. Aw. - aw. 0.12 cm. Aw. - center 0.12 cm. Outer apex of the corona greatly enlarged showing the indentation and the rounded edges with fine parallel sulcated surface. The concave dorsal surface with the rounded median ridge. .Area of the corona top at the anther wing greatly enlarged. Wings are single and protrude slightly. Notice the very narrow side ledge starting just above the anther wing area and extended toward the apex. Side view of a scale. The scales are thin, with a narrow side lobe extending to the outer apex. Inner apex is raised, shown here behind some extraneous scale material to the upper left. 410 Pollinia length 0.44 mm. widest 0.15 mm. Retinacula length 0.12 mm. shoulder 0.10 mm. waist 0.05 mm. hip 0.09 mm. ext. 0.07 mm. Translators length 0.1 1 mm. depth 0.06 mm. width 0.01 mm. Caudicle bulb diam. 0.05 mm. detail. Another view showing the translator in 411 A third view greatly enlarged. Note the surface of the translators and the head of the retinacula. 412 Hoya maingayi Hooker f. 1883 Type description: In Flora of British India 4 (1883) 62. J. D. Ffooker. 39. H. Maingayi, Hook, f.; quite glabrous, leaves 7-8 in. elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate finely acuminate very thick nerves reticulate distinct very oblique, peduncle very short thick, pedicels longer, sepals small obtuse, coronal-processes longer than the villous corolla tube. Malacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1136). Stem stout. Leaves 2 i/2 - 3 t/z in. diam. at or above the middle, reticulate on both surfaces, base narrow; petiole 1/. - 1/2 in., very thick. Peduncles 1/3 - 1 in., thickened and scarred; pedicels 1 in. Corolla 1/: -314 in. diam., pale pink, lobes short, obtuse. Coronal-processes ovate, acute, narrow end outwards, above concave with a medial ridge, inner angle apiculate shorter than the anther tip. Other literature: In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1903) 571. King & Gamble. - 13. Hoya Maingayi, Hook. F. in FI. Br. hid. IV. 62 (1883). A trailing epiphytic shrub, sending out rootless along its stem; nodes much swollen; branches stout; branchlets terete, pale brown. Leaves very thick, fleshy, coriaceous when dry; elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, shortly acuminate at apex, long acuminately narrowed at base; both surfaces glabrous, dull when dry; margins recurved; 7 to 9 in. long, 2.5 to 3.5 in. broad; midrib slender but prominent when dry, with a gland or enlargement at the base above the petiole; main nerves about 5 pairs, prominent when dry, especially above, at about 60° to 70° with the midrib, nearly straight at first, then branching and forming a rough intramarginal nerve; secondary nerves few; reticulations irregular, distant; petiole thick, .25 to .5 in. long. Umbels many-flowered (20 to 30), on a very short tubercular rachis at the end of a thick peduncle 3 to 1 in. long; pedicels very slender, 5 to 1 in. long; buds obconical, pentagonal, concave above, 25 in. broad; flowers pale pink; corona white. Calyx small, pale pink with red tips, red-scabrous-punctate without, glabrous within; lobes .03 in. long, obtuse, ciliate; no scales. Corolla .5 to .75 in. broad when open; lobes triangular, villous within with pale crispate hairs. Corolla of 5 processes; outer lobe ovate, acute, horizontal, bi-cleft, concave above lavish central ridge, 2-valved below; upper of a short acute tooth shorter than the anther-tip. Staminal-column short, attached at the base of the corolla-tube; anther-cells divergent; appendages scarious, acuminate, incurved; pollen-masses flattened, oblong-falcate, waxy, attached by short caudicles embracing their bases to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, angles acute, tip conical. Fruit, not known in the ripe the ripe state, when immature to 5 in. long, .25 in. broad, acuminate, tip recurred; pericarp smooth. Perak; Scortechini 584. Malacca; Maingay (K.D.) 1136. From the key; Page 560. Leaves large, over 7 in. long, oblanceolate; main nerves prominent, as are reticulations; trailing epiphytic 13. H. maingayi 413 In A Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 396. H. N. Ridley. (5) H. Maingayi Hook. fill. F.B.I. iv. 62. A stout species. Leaves fleshy very thick elliptic — lanceolate acuminate, narrowed to both ends; nerves; slender 5 pairs visible when dry.; 7-9 in. long; 2.5 to 3.5 in. wide; petioles .3 to 1 in. long, thick Rachis short; pedicels .5 to 1 in. long, very slender. Flowers .5 to .75 in. across, pale pinkish white. Corolla-lobes triangular, villous. Corona lower lobes ovate acute, white. Hab. Malacca (Maingay). Perak (Scortechini). Rare, and little known. The stems are smooth and polished and nodes swollen. In Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951). W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya Maingayi Hook. f. F.B.I. iv. 62 (1883); Mat. F. M. P. No. 19,571. (781); F.M.P. ii. 396. Pattani. Kao Kalakiri, c. 900m, evergreen forest, Kerr 7780! Distr. Malacca (type!). In Malayan Nature Journal 30 #3/4 (1978) 520. R. E. Rintz. Under Doubtful and Excluded Species. 1. Hoya maingayi Hooker, F.B.I. IV (1883) 62. Type: Malaysia, Melaka, Maingay 1136 (K). This sheet bears no flowers and the leaves are similar to those of H. obtusifolia Kerr 7780 (BM) cited as this species does not match Maingay's type. Herbarium Sheets Hoya maningai Hooker f. Malacca Type 1136 Maingay (K) Hoya maningai Hooker f. Perak 584 Scortechini Hoya maningai Hooker f. Pattani, Koa Kalakiri 7780 Kerr (BM) Hoya maningai Hooker f. Perak 2452 (SING) Hoya maningai Hooker f. Maxwell Hill 21964 (SING) Hoya maingayio Hooker f. Maxwell Hill 12750 (SING) Hoya maningai Hooker f. Sumngai 83 Rintz (UPM) Hoya maningai Hooker f. Sungai 102 Rintz (UPM) 414 Hoya maingayi Hooker #2452 (SING) jr — ei — jr - - - - ' “ tp 415 Hoya maingayi Hooker 12964 (SING) 416 Hoya maingayi Hooker #12750 (SING) 417 Hoya maingayi Hooker# 83 (UPM) 'WNltrjni.m ■flNovra/. A ■ *«.* . . ” riwA m d 418 Hoya maingayi Hooker # 102 (UPM) 419 Hoya meredithii T. Green 1989 Type Description: In Phytologia 64/4 (1989) 304. Ted Green. Hoya meredithii Green sp. nov. species certe Hoya globulosa Hooker f. ex Indo-China affinis a qua differt folks multo magni et inflorescentia semiglobosa non globulosa. Vitis terrestis vel epiphytica ramosa volubilis, ramis filiform ibus, laxe foliatis foliis patulis margo undalato obovatis apice acuminato basilibus obtusis subauriculatis duris rigidis 7.5 - 18 cm. lato 12 - 30 cm. longo, gland) una in basi, petiolo crasso duro torquero 2.3-3 cm. longo, venis pinnatiformibus insignibus obscuris viridibus venis secundis 6-8 ultimis reticulatis, cymi umbelliformis multifloribus, pedunculo 2 mm. diametro 2.5 - 3 cm. longo perpetuis, pedicilli recti aequali, calycibus 5-fidis 5 mm. diametro, foliolis calycis acutis triangularibus glabris, corolla 5-fiea patulis vel reflexis 1 cm. diametro, foliolis ovatis acutis flavi-viridibus, corona 5-fiea 5 mm. Diametro, foliolis calycis acutis triangularibus glabris, corolla 5-fida patulis vel reflexis 1 cm. Diametro, foliolis ovatis acutis flavi-viridibus, corona 5-fida 5 mm. diametro dorso piano folioso carnoso fusiformi extus apice acuto intus apice obtuso viridi-albo, pollinis duobus minimis oblongoides translatoribus brevissimus flexis, retinaculo minuto. Follicum ignotum. This species appears to be related to Hoya globulosa Hooker f. but differs in its much larger ovate leaves and umber that is hemispheric rather than globose. Epiphytic or terrestrial, branching vine with flexuous. filiform stems, sparsely rooting along stems; loosely, appositely leaved (sometimes lacking the twin of a pair); leaf open, with undulate margins, ovate with acuminate tip, obtuse base, subauriculate, with one large gland, hard and rigid blade; 7.5 to 18 cm. wide by 12 to 30 cm. long; petiole hard and thick, 8 mm. in diameter by 2.5 - 3 cm long, twisted; leaf venation pinnate, with 8-12 secondary veins ending in reticulations, showy, all veins dark green against a light blade; cyme umbellate, with many pale chartreuse flowers, 1 cm:, in diameter; peduncle persistent, 10 cm. long bye 2 mm. in diameter; pedicels straight, equal in length creating a hemispheric umber; calyx lobes 5, 1 Vi mm, acutely triangular, glabrous; corolla 5 parted, lobed to half the depth, lobes flat to reflexed, ovate; corona 5 parted, fleshy, flat across the top, coronal lobes spindle shaped with inner tips blunt and outer tips acute, greenish white; pollinia paired, in 5 sets, compressed, with small flexed translators. Follicle and seed not seen. Blooms predominately in April -May- June with the flowers lasting about 4 days. Flowers have a pleasant fragrance and exude nectar. In vegetative characters this plant resembles and can be confused with, some of the tropical apocynaceous vines. 420 Type: Bau, Sarawak, Eastern Malaysia, elevation 35 m, on calcareous soils of the open, lowland forest. Not flowering July 1980. Hort., material, Ted Green, Meredith 80-05 Type Bishop Museum, Duplicate Britton Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden. This handsome leaved species is named for York Meredith, the plantsman, of Dee Why, Australia who discovered it. Photo of the leaf by Ann Wayman of Central Point, Oregon. Note the dark green Picture of the flower cluster by Ted Green of Kaaawa, Hawaii. 421 Page from “ The World of Hoyas a Pictorial Guide” by Dale Kloppenburg. 422 Hoya meredithii Green by Dale Kloppenburg Here is a species with a strikingly different leaf. I suppose that here it would have been nice to be able to show the foliage in color as it is certainly attractive. The large leaves twist and turn in various ways, maybe to accommodate their size. The foliage is rather rigid, the edge undulant, 3 to 7 inches wide and nearly 12 inches long. The pinnate reticulate venation is deep dark green while the leaf blade is a medium lime green. This combination really snaps out at you. Occasionally, one leaf of a pair will drop from a node. This is a means of conserving moisture from transpiration during dry periods, especially advantageous for a large-leafed species. Even then, there is plenty of leaf surface left to keep this plant looking good. This is not a compact plant; its openness and airy character is still very attractive. New stems and petioles are often bronze in color, making for an added attraction. The original plant was collected by York Meredith at Bau, Sarawak in eastern Malaysia. This is on the island of Borneo. The elevation is listed as 35 meters, around 150 feet, definitely a lowland plant. It was found growing in calcareous soil in the open forest Many soils in these low-lying tropical habitats are the result of raised sea-beds. These warm waters supported coral, almost pure limestone (calcium carbonate). From this substrate, the soils are definitely calcareous, and many hoya species love this soil environment. York Meredith is a plantsman from Australia. Ted Green named the species for him. The semi-globose flower umbel has up to 35 flowers. They are of heavy substance, waxy and long lasting. As the picture shows, the flowers are a pale yellow with a white central crown. 1 mention “substance” here since flowers vary in their ability to stay fresh. “Holding character” is due mostly to the thickness or substance of the flowers. In the genus Hoya, we have some extremes. Flowers of Hoya camphorifolia and Hoya blashernaezii are very thin and fleeting. In contrast, many very heavy thiclc-petaled flowers are long lasting, especially those in the Section Eriostemma. Even in many of the other species, however like this Hoya meredithii , the flowers last a long time. 423 The following are Photomicrographs from flowers sent to me by Ted Green as 80-05 his ascension number for this species. 1 : A top view of the corona still attached to the corolla that has been flattened from the recurved natural configuration. Here enlarged about 8X. The coronal lobes reach the sinus of the corolla. The corolla is very full at the sinus area so there are large ear like flaps on the lobes just above the sinus. The anther wings here are large with rounded double apices. I do not know why the whole series of pictures show the translucent nature of the subject, possibly the solution I was using for fixing the flowers, (this was many years ago). Side view of the pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 8X. Picture doubled due to shaking ?) varies columnar domed 0.13 cm. tall. Calyx diameter 0.42 cm. Sepals 0.18 cm. long, widest 0.14 cm. Only 2 ligules on 5 positions. Top view of the calyx enlarged about 8X. The sepals here are irregular in size and shape, edges are ciliate. Bottom view of the reconstituted (kew solution) corona enlarged about 8X. Here again the anther wings really stand out with large rounded apices. The scale is channeled below and rather long and appears more narrow here than the flower picture depicts sent by Ted Green. 424 Measurements and comments: Pollinarium enlarged about 165X. This pollinarium has many unusual and distinct features. The pellucid edge of the pollinia are unusually wide and end abruptly along the edge in a shelf lie structure with a large vacuole adjacent to it. The caudicle extends up to the shelf and covers the apex at its attachment end. The translators have a wide wedge shaped base tapering to the caudicle bulb. The retinaculum has a exceptional long tapering narrow head area, a waist and two hip-like areas. Very short bifid extensions (legs). Pedicles: glabrous 2.0 cm. long. Calyx: narrow triangular, diameter 0.38 cm.; sepals slightly ciliate 0.11 cm. long. Corolla: recurved, yellow, diameter flattened 1.4 cm., aped of lobes tapering acute, inside slightly granulose, outside granulose. Corona: lobes broad, they reach the corolla sinus, keeled down top center, white glossy, inner lobe dentate does not reach the center (anthers exposed). Anther wings with exceptional development, outer apex broadly rounded and narrowly doubled. Tobes channeled below, large column support in center. Pollinarium: Pollinia: 0.5 mm. long 0.15 at widest. Pellucid edge wide ending at a shelf below, accompanied by a wide vacuole at least 0.03 mm. wide at the base. Caudicle bulb: 0.0.06 mm in diameter, clear abuts the vacuole shelf. Translator: exposed area 0.13 mm. long, base 0.13 wide., structured and granular surfaced. 425 Retinaculum: 0.23 mm. long, shoulders 0.07 mm wide, first waist 0.04 mm. wide and hip below this just slightly more broad, second waist 0.05 mm broad and again hip slightly larger. Legs 0.02 mm. long. The edge of the retinacula under higher power reveals a undulant character from shoulder area all the way down with at least 5 small protrusions including what I termed the shoulder (only to simplify the descriptions). Herbarium sheets: Bau, Sarawak, Eastern Malaysia Wallace 851980 Type BISH (Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii). Additional Data gathered at Kaaawa Hawaii (Ted Green’s) 9/8/00 from his plant. Pedicel: straight, granulose, terete, a few long silky hairs; 1.9 cm. long Calyx: outside granular, obtuse, small diameter 0.50 cm.; ligules present, lobes 0.10 cm. long 0.14 cm. wide. Ovaries: domed pairs, 0.05 cm. tall, base of pair 0.10 cm. wide. Corolla: outside crystalline glabrous, inside waxy with evenly scattered short sharp hair cells except under the corona, outer apex acute, broadened near the sinus, thick especially at the center. Sinus to sinus Sinus to center Widest Sinus to apex Apex to center 0.33 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.48 cm. 0.57 cm. 0.83 flattened so flower diameter is 1.66 cm. Corona: exceed sinus of corolla, finely sulcate, scales like dentate lobe, not quite to ColumnO.lO cm. tall center; outer Apex - apex 0.31 cm. Apex - center 0.32 cm. Widest 0. 1 5 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.09 cm. Ret. - center 0.08 cm. Anther Wing - aw. 0.20 cm. Aw. - center 0.19 cm. Ret. to aw. 0.09 cm. Scale depth 0.15 cm. swollen pods, very short inner acute; anther wings doubled. 426 Pollinaria from above data enlarged about 165X. Ted Green has a new variant of this species, very similar but with slight differences most noticeable in the pollinarium shown here. In this pollinia the pollen content is always coarse and granular in contrast to this new variation shown below. 427 Enlarged approximately 165X. This clone is from Long Mau. Herbarium Sheets: Type: Bau, Sarawak, Eastern Malaysia, elevation 35 m, on calcareous soils of the open, lowland forest. Not flowering July 1980. Hort.. material, Ted Green, Meredith 80-05 Type (BISH) Bishop Museum, Duplicate Britton Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden. Photomicrographs and added data from a plant originated via Germany also labeled Hoy a meridithii : Flower collected at Ted Green’s in Kaaawa, Hawaii Fall 2000. Roll 276 7/1/01 Side view of the Pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 8X. The Pedicels ate terete, straight, glabrous with lenticels, 2.50 cm. long and 0.10 cm. in diameter. Calyx: sepals glabrous, rotate not even lA way to the corolla sinuses (see picture below) outside punctate, very slight overlap, prominent ligules. 0.15 cm. long and 0.1 1 at the broadest. Ovaries: domed 0.15 cm. long and base pair 0.09 cm. glabrous. 428 Top view of the calyx enlarged about 8X. Sepals are unusually even, glabrous with ligules showing. Calyx attached to the corolla enlarged about 8X. Not how very small the calyx is in proportion to the corolla and how far from the corolla sinuses. All surfaces shown here are glabrous. Outside of the corolla enlarged about 8X. Surface is glabrous, corolla apices are glabrous on the inside and turn under, rays from the collar region are thickened. Corolla is not deeply cut. Inside surface of the corolla enlarged about 8X. Around the central collar there hirsute cells mostly pointing inwardly . The pubescence appears to be a little more dense near the corolla lobe margins. Sinus - sinus 0.39 cm. Sinus - center 0.45cm. Sinus - apex 0.40 cm. Apex - center 0.67 cm. Widest 0.47 cm. 429 Column is thin walled 0.11 cm. tall grooved or with ridges near the column with sulcate sides. Bottom of the corona enlarged about 8X, lobes are channeled and edges are finely sulcate Anther wings project. Central column prominent. Top of the corona enlarged about 8X. The outer lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses; the inner lobes are short rounded dentate and do not reach the center. Dorsal has a cup out from the inner lobe and the sides are rounded. Anther wings are thick and project with an acute apex. Apex - apex 0.28 cm. Apex - center 0.31 cm. Widest 0.12 cm. Aw. - aw. 0.16 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.08 cm. Ret. - aw. 0.08 cm. KSide view of the coronal scale enlarged about 8X. Scale has good depth, inner lobe is short with the membranous anther extending well beyond, dorsal surface concave and outer lobe rounded and bending downward slightly, Anther wings are deep and well formed, below is portion of the column. 430 Pollinarium enlarged about 165X. Pollinia length 0.45 mm. widest 0.18 mm. Retinaculum length 0.12 mm. shoulder 0.05 mm. waist 0.03 mm. hip 0.05 mm. ext. 0.04 mm Translator length 0.09 mm. depth 0.02 mm. Caudicle bulb diam. 0.05 mm. There seems to me to be considerable differences in the three plants studied. I’d speculate they should be varieties or subspecies of each other as the variation is considerable. Compare the date presented above. 431 Photo by Ann Wayman, Central Point, Oregon. 432 Hoya meredithii Green 1551 (BISH) (**«« y 5CVC2 * :v h ^ t* ' *+*"1 t-.f„ IM. *'*, It i ml tfilJi »l yru , S*. IJK ‘ pirn -K-tf Iir * * »■■ ii-*« ^ - F*? * k^i I *+> 1 iL ’ „ k. -"J ™ fc m m -*f~, w *'*r^‘* !'<¥v |V I' I Wk * KU Kill 433 Hoya micrantha Hooker f. 1 883 Type description: In The Flora of British India 4 (1883) 55. J. D. Hooker. 1 1. H. micrantha, Hook, f.; quite glabrous, leaves ovate or elliptic lanceolate acute thick and fleshy, margines flat, peduncle long or short, corolla revolute pubescent within, column conical. Tennassrim; Mergui, Griffith. Stem rather stout. Leaves 2 1/2 -4 by 1 1/4-1 1/2 in., midrib and nerves not visible; petiole very short. Peduncle shorter than the leaves; pedicels 1/2- 3/4 in., filiform. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Corolla 1/6- 3/4 in. diam. Coronal-lobes lanceolate, suberect outer angle 2-fid, back with a boss; anther-tip much longer than the process. Other Literature: In Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 38. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya micrantha Hook. f. F.B. I. iv. 55 (1883); Maharat. Lampang, Me Bong, 150m evergreen forest, Winit 1623! Pitsanulok. Petchabun, c. 200 m., evergreen forest near stream, Kerr 5711! Chantaburi, *Krat, Kao Saining, Put 576! Prachinburi. Sriracha, Mrs. D. J. Collins 136 ! 543! Surat. Chumpawn, Sapli, Put 1007! Puket. Pnug-ngu, Nop Pring, c. 20m, on tree by river, Kerr 17236! Distr. Tenasserim! (type, Mergui). Local names: Tao nom mir (ex Winit). * Kim Yap says this should be Trat (Thailand) and possibly Koh (=island) Samet ? In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 486. "The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya". R. E. Rintz. 3. Hoya micrantha Hooker, F. B. I. IV (1883). Type: Burma, Tenasserim, Mergui * Griffith 3798 (K). — FIG. 7. = H. plicata King & Gable, A.S. Beng. IV (1903) S78. Type Malaysia, Perak, Bukit Maxwell, Scortechini 323 (K). This sheet is only drawing by Gamble but it seems to agree. Distinguishing Features: Stems stout. Leaves Fleshy, of two shapes; one form elliptical, up to 7cm long by 4cm wide; the other oblanceolate with long-acuminate bases, up to 1 8cm long by 5cm wide; both forms often on the same plant; Margins revolute; Peduncle reflexed, rigid, 5 — 11cm long. Umbel positively geotropic, concave with rigid, curved pedicles 5mm — 3cm long; 1-25 flowers, open 8-10 days. Corolla pubescent inside, the base with a low ridge; c. 8mm diam; pale orange. Corona upper lobe orange to deep red, lower lobe the same but deeper color on the sides. Caudicles broadly winged. Follicles c. 15cm long by 8mm diam. Ecology: Common but possibly local in mountain forests from 900-1000m; abundant at Buket Fraser, Pahang and at Bukit Maxwell, Perak Distribution: S. Burma to N. Thailand; possibly in Indo-China. * 1 do not know where he found this listed but he designated it as the Thpe. None designated before. There were a 3 of sheets mentioned by Kerr, see above. Note: This is a description of H. plicata K & G. and not of H. micrantha. 434 Fig. 7 mierantha Hck. a) habic; M fruit; 0 in xp, vicV/; ») dotom, bottom a!ew>f) finer in median sector, iB) twvpollirm. Ftom Rintz 87- 23 Drawing from Rintz. 1978. In Hoya Section Acanthostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg (1994) 78-80. R. D. Kloppenburg. Hoya micrantha Hooker f. description in English in Flora of British India 4(1883) 55. Quite glabrous, leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate acute very thick and flashy, margins flat, peduncle long or short, corolla revolute pubescent within, column conical. Tenasserim; Mergui. Griffith. Stem rather stout. Leaves 2.25-4 by 1.25-1.5 inches, midrib and nerves not visible; petiole very short. Peduncle shorter than the leaves; pedicels .5-. 75". filiform. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Corolla .16-.25" diameter. Corona lobes lanceolate, suberect, outer angle 2-fid, back with a boss, anther-tip much longer than the processes. Other References: Cralb & Kerr in Florae Siamensis Enumeratio (1951) 38; M. Symonds in Hoyan 3 #4 (1982); Rintz in Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 486-87. Herbarium Sheets: Type #3798 Griffith 1883 (K) designated in Rintz's publication, Burma, Tenasserim, Mergui; #543 Collins Prachinburi, Sriacha, India; #17236 Kerr Pang-nga, Nop, Pring, c. 20 m, #5711 Pitsanulok; #87 Rintz 1978; #576 Put Chantabun, India; #136a Collins Prachinburi, Sriracha, India; #5711 Kerr, Petchabun, Pitsanulok, India; #1623 Winet Mer Bong, Lampang, India; #1007 Put, Karat, Kao Siming, Chantaburi; Winet #1623 Maharat. See H. plicata. Dr. Rintz in the peninsula Malaysian Species of Hoya (the Malayan Nature Jour. 30 (1978) 486) combined this species with H. plicata King & Gamble. I do not agree with this determination. The assumption seems to be based on a type drawing at Kew by Gamble. These species in my judgment are entirely different in many respects. 1 believe the description below is not of the species H. micrantha Hooker, (most likely a description of H. plicata). Rintz's description in Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 486 is: “Distinguishing features; Stems stout. Leaves fleshy, of two shapes: one elliptical, up to 7 cm. long by 4 cm. wide; the other oblanceolate with long-acuminate bases, up to 18 cm long by 5 cm. wide; both forms often on the same plant; margins revolute. Peduncle reflexed, rigid, 5-10 cm. long. Umbel positive-geotropic, concave with rigid, curved pedicels 5 mm.-3 cm. long; 1-25 flowers, open 8-10 days. Corolla pubescent inside, the base with a low ridge; c. 8 mm. diam.; pale orange. Corona upper lobe orange to deep red, lower lobe the same but deeper color on the sides. Caudicles broadly winged. Follicles c. 15 cm. long by 8 mm. diam”. Measurements from live specimens, Kloppenburg: Pedicel: 2 cm. long 0.12 cm. in diameter, terete, glabrous. Sepals: 0.15 cm. long, widest 0.10 cm. no ligules observed. Corolla: 1.20 cm. in diameter flattened. 436 Corona scale: 0.157 cm. long with ridge down the upper surface, scale (including bilobes) 0.235 cm. long. In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 90. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. 20. H. micrantha Hook. f. FBI 4 (1883) 55. FI. Siam. Enum. 3 (1951) 38; Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 486, Fig. 7. Occurrence: (N): Tampang, Phitsanulok, (NE): Perchabun. (SE): Chanataburi, Prachin Buri. (PEN): Chumphon, Phuket, Phang-nga. Photo by Ann Wayman Central Point, Oregon. Pedicels are somewhat heavy. Again a photo by Ann Wayman of the foliage of this species. It has a rigid leaf, somewhat rough on the upper surface and paler beneath with many small black spots on this surface. Ann writes "This lovely green foliage grows so dense that you can't see the pot. The leaves are stiff and rough textured. This species flowers year round with tiny, fuzzy, ball shaped flowers. 437 Photomicrographs: flowers from plant at Fresno, California 19 April 1990. Roll 69 Pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 16X. The ovaries ate very long, rather narrow and bottle shaped. The pedicel is round and rather thick with some scattered hairs pointing apically. The sepals are small and rough surfaced outside. Calyx top view enlarged about 16X. There is some overlap of the sepals maybe 1/4, shape is long triangular, edges are ragged but not ciliate. I could not find any ligules. 438 Top view of the corolla flattened, here enlarged about 16X. Notice how deeply the corolla is cut and this surface is densely pubescent, apex is acute and glabrous. Inside view of corolla enlarged about 16X. Corolla is revolute, inside pubescent, there is a somewhat thickness pentagonal area around the collar which is even more densely hairy with the hairs pointing inward. Ovaries protruding through collar. 439 Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The lobes are channeled below for only a very short distance and the sides are made up of the bilobed extensions, with extend way beyond the scale outer apex and often overlap each other at the ends. The column is strong and well formed. Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The scales inner apices have been pulled back the show the stylar apex (actually not clear here). The small coronal scales are broad in the middle and taped to a rather blunt outer apex, side bilobes are prominent, rather round at the outer free ends. Bilobes can be very narrow, flat topped and shelf like, finely sulcate or with no grooves at all, ends can be round, be separated at the free ends, touch at the apices or overlap each other. The back of the scale (dorsal) is slightly convex and there is a small central umbo. Top view of an individual coronal lobe enlarged about 16X. The inner lobe is spatulate but tending toward being round, it projects inward quite a way but does not exceed the anthers or center of the corona. Note how broad the scale is in the mid-region and how it tapers to the outer apex. Here the side lobes do not overlap each other, they are however very broad and well developed. Compare this species with the Hoya plicata file and see the differences. Rinf z put these two into synonymy! 440 Side view of coronal scale enlarged 16X. note how the inner lobe is extended but that the anthers are broad and long, also how the outer apex ends abruptly and the bilobes extend way beyond. The scale is relatively thick (deep through the center). Pollinarium enlarged about 165X. The pollinia have a slight tendency to have the apex apiculate but not very noticeably. Again compare this pollinarium with that of Hoy a plicata King and Gamble. Here the translators ate long with rounder form at the base. The translators are large but not massive. The retinaculum is similar to the other species, but not quite as elongated. 441 The attachment region for the translators and caudicles to the retinaculum here enlarged about 660X. They both narrow as the enter the side of the retinaculum. The extensions extend over the edge of the stylar table and seem to connect to the stigmatic surface below. The stigma is split on top (either two fused or one split) and this secretes the retinaculum, translators and caudicles. The retinaculum is developed from the center outward and the inner apex (the head secreted from the inner end of the stigma slit) so there is a bilateral symmetry to this structure. Critical Data: Pedicel: terete, glabrous, with fine raised lenticels, curved, variable in length mostly 2 cm. long and 0.12 cm. in diameter. This forms a flat to concave flower cluster. Calyx: 0.15 cm. long, 0.10 cm. at base, no ligules observed, margines rough, shape of sepals triangular. Outer surface rough; inner smooth and glossy. Apex does not reach the sinus. 442 Corolla: outside glabrous, inside except for tip fuzzy pubescent, more so around sinus slits color a washed out pink. Flower natural 0.79 cm. in diameter, flattened 1.20 cm. Sinus to sinus 0.30 cm. Sinus to apex 0.25 cm. Center to apex 0.60 cm. Corona: raised to the center, inner lobes spatulate but tend to be rounding. Outer apex short and blunt, creamy white in color with inner lobe deep rose as are the bilobed side lobes. These are broad, well developed and many overlap at the outer ends, top is linearly finely sulcate. Crest of keel on dorsal center of scale. Apex to apex Apex to outer lobes Scale width Width with bilobes Column 0.158 cm. 0.235 cm. 0.085 cm. 0.130 cm. 0.10 tall Pollinarium: Wide pollinia with truncated round ends, clear vacuole inside from the pellucid edge. Translators rounded bases and long. Caudicles with bulbous clear ends. Pollinia Translator Caudicle bulb Retinaculum Herbarium Sheets: 0.42 mm. long, widest 0. 16 mm. 0.18 mm. long, depth 0.04 mm. 0.08 mm. in diameter 0.1 1 mm to extensions, head 0.06 mm. waist 0.05 mm. hip 0.06 mm. extensions (legs) 0.05 mm. long. Hoya micrantha Hook. f. Hova micrantha Hook. f. m- Hoya micrantha Hook. f. Hoya micrantha Hook. f. Hoya micrantha Hook. f. Hoya micrantha Hook. f. Hoya micrantha Hook. f. Hoya micrantha Hook. f. Hoya micrantha Hook. f. Hoya micrantha Hook. f. India, Parachinburi 543 Collins India Pangnga Nop 17236 Kerr India Bur Thai. Type 3798 1883 Griffith India Chantabun 576 Put India Chantabun 323 Scortechini plicata India PitsanulokPetchabu 5711 Kerr India Maharat Lampang 1623 Winet India Chumpaun Sapi 1007 Put India Bur Thai. 136A Collins India Bur Thai. 87 1978 Rintz 443 Hoya mimiDtlia Hooker f. Picture from The World of Hoyas A Pictorial Guide" 1999 444 Hoya micrantha Hooker f. Written up by J. D. Hooker way back in 1883 in “The Flora of British India ’. The foliage here is thick and fleshy, ovate to elliptic-lanceolate with flat margins. The upper surface is a very deep green, dull because of a rough surface. The undersurface is much lighter green, covered with fine punctations of a slightly lighter color. Here and there on this lower face are distinguishing black spots. The leaves are thick and rigid and the venation is not visible except for the midrib. The stems are wiry and also very dark, a very deep brown or maybe with purple mixed in. This species is vigorous but not large or sprawling. It branches freely, blooms well and is an attractive, different plant. Nearly pest-free, due to its’ hard surfaces, no doubt. At a quick glance, the flowers remind one of Hoya lacunosa Blume or Hoya obscura Burton. Unlike these two species, it is in the much more numerous species section, Acanthostemma. Remember that the species have the little side lobes, small shelf like projections on both sides of each coronal lobe, most extending beyond the outer apex. The flowers here are a soft fuzzy rose color in rather loose flat umbels. As an Acanthostemma species, it is closely related to Hoya inconspicua Hemsley from the Solomon Islands; Hoya incurvula Schlechter from the Celebes, Indonesia or Hoya davidcummingii Kloppenburg from the Philippines. This species is, however from India, Thailand and surrounding areas. I like Hoya micrantha because it is a tough, rugged plant. Even when I have really neglected it, this hoya continued to grow and thrive, and never failed to bloom in spite of my carelessness. It is somewhat stiff and wiry to the touch. I keep saying add this to your collection. Most have beautiful flowers, all have interesting foliage and some, like this one, are just downright rugged individuals. Although it is vigorous it is not a large plant, therefore such a small pot will accommodate it nicely. It loves to twine and climb so will need your attention to keep it in bounds. One advantage is you will always have some long runners to cut off and give to friends as cuttings if they admire your plant. 445 446 Hoya micrantha Hooker f. 1883 This clone was collected by Kim F. Yap. Photos sent to me via E-mail spring 2003. 447 448 Hoya micrantha Hooker f. 1883 Type: Griffith 3798 (K) Tennasserim, Mergui, Burma From the type description Leaves 2 1/2 -4 by 11/4-1 1/2 in., midrib and nerves not visible; petiole very short. Peduncle shorter than the leaves. Note: The leaves are pinnately nerved not even very pronounced when dry. Shape is lanceolate and the petiole above is grooved. Most clones have black dots on the blade underside. Petiole is grooved above, twisted, corky at maturity, 0.9 cm. long 0.3 cm. in diameter. 449 Hoya mitrata Kerr 1940 Type description: In leones Plantarum 35 (1940) 3406. A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya mitrata Kerr. Asclepiadaceae. Tribus Marsdenieae. H. mitrata Kerr; species nova, H. oreostemmati Schlechter (ex descriptione) affinis, foliis minoribus, floribus multo majoribus distincta. Suftrutex volubilis; rami teretes, siccitate striati, glabri, radicantes. Folia oblanceolata vel elliptica, basi rotundata et leviter auriculata, apice breviter acuminate, margine plane, 6.5-12 cm. longa, 4.7 - 6 cm. lata, coriacea, siccitate cinerea, glabra, supra nitida, subtus opaca, costa supra concava subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus 5-6 paribus marginem versus valde arcuatis et 5-6 mm. a margine anastomosantibus cum rete venularum utrinque prominentibus; petiolus 6-8 mm. longus, supra concavus, glaber. Inflorescentia axillaris, umbelliformis, pedunculata, circiter 15-flora; pedunculus robustus, glaber, 6.5 cm. longus; pedicelli graciles, glabri, 2.5-3. 8 cm. longi. Sepala late ovata, obtuse, circiter 2.5 mm. longa et lata, breviter ciliate, extus minute puberula. Corolla sub anthesi reflexa, 5-lobata, extus glabra, intus basin versus velutina, explanata circiter 24 mm. diametro; tubus 4.5 mm. longus; lobi sub anthesi margine valde reflexi, explanati obovati vel fere obcordati, breviter acuminati, circiter 9 mm. longi, apicem versus 8.5 mm. lati. Cornea segmenta erecta, cymbiformia, adaxialiter obtuse carinata, abaxialiter alte sulcata, basi bilobata, circiter 9 mm. alta, angulo interno in linguam circiter 1.25 mm. longam horizontaliter producto. Antherae appendix coronam breviter excedens; pollinia oblonga, circiter 1 mm. longa, corpusculo duplo longiora, margine translucido angusto. Carpella glabra, circiter 2 mm. alta; stigmatis caput obconicum. Folliculi ignoti. Thailand (Siam). Surat, Ban Tong Tao, circiter 10 m., in evergreen forest, Kerr 13152. In its corona with erect segments and in its reflexed corolla this plant fits the section Oreostemma, which Schlechter created for his species H. oreostemma , hitherto the only representative of that section. H. mitrata appears to be rare. Besides the collection recorded above, only one other has been seen: Takuapa, Haniff 381 1. Takuapa is almost in the same latitude as Ban Tong Tao, but on the opposite (west) side of peninsular Thailand (Siam). The writer is indebted to Mr. R. E. Holttum, Director of the Singapore Gardens, for the loan of a sheet of Haniff s collection. The specific name refers to the turbanlike appearance of the gynostegium. — A. F. G. Kerr. Fig. 1, portion of plant, natural size; 2, flower, two corona segments partially cut away x.2;,3,calyx and carpels, x 4; 4, corol la, flattened out., x 1.5; 5 two corona segments, x 2; 6, median section through anther and corona segment, x 4; 7, stigmatic head, lateral view, x 6; 8, stigmatic head, from above, x 6; 9, pair of pollinia, x 12. Translation: New species. Near H. oreostemma , Schltr., leaves smaller, flowers much larger, distinct. Subshrub, twining; branches terete, in the dried state striate, glabrous, rooting. Teaves oblanceolate or elliptic, base rounded and lightly eared, apexes briefly 450 acuminate, margins flat, 6.5 to 12 cm long, 4.7 to 6 cm wide, leathery, dried gray, glabrous, above shining, beneath opaque, costa above concave, below prominent, lateral nerves 5-6 pairs towards margins very arching and 5-6 mm from margins anastomosing with network veining prominent on both sides; petioles 6-8 mm long, above concave, glabrous. Inflorescence axillary, umbellate, pedunculate about 15 flowered; peduncles strong, glabrous, 6.5 cm long; pedicels slender, glabrous, 2.5 - 3.8 cm long. Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, about 2.5 mm long, shortly ciliate, outside minutely puberulous. Corolla at anthesis reflexed, 5-lobed, outside glabrous, inside towards base velvety flattened about 24 mm in diam; tubes 4.5 mm long; lobes with margins very reflexed, flattened obovate or almost obcordate, about 9 mm long, towards apexes 8.5 mm wide. Segments of the corona erect, boat-shaped turned towards the axis, obtuse, keeled, turned away from the axis high channeled, base bilobed, about 9 mm high, interior angle tongued about 1.25 mm long horizontally produced. Appendages of the anther briefly exceeding corona; pollinia oblong about 1 mm long; translators twice as long, margins translucent narrow. Carpels glabrous, about 2 mm. high, stigma head obconic. Follicles not seen. 451 Other literature: In Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 39. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya mitrata Kerr in Hook. 1c. PI. xxxv. t. 3406 (1940). Surat.. Surat, Ban Tong Tao, c. 10m., evergreen forest, Kerr (type!). Puket. Takuapa, Haniff 3841 (Herb. Singapore)! A rather remarkable speeies with erect corona segments. Its nearest alliance is with Hoya oreostemma Schlechter, which has much smaller flowers. 452 In The Gardener’s Bulletin, Singapore 20 (1963) 191. 2. Hoya mitrata Kerr. II Div.: Saribas F. R. 8534, Triso P. F. 10015; IV Div.: Sg. Dua 3062. Small twining climber in understory of P.C. 3, occasional and rather localized. Not yet recorded from the Rejang Delta. The leaves tend to be in pseudo -whorls, which are inhabited by ants. In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 498. “The Peninsular Malayan Species of Hoya*’, R. E. Rintz. 12) Hoya mitrata Kerr, Hook. Ic. PT XXXV, t. 3406 (1940). Type: Thailand, Surat, Ban Tong Tao, Kerr 13152 (K). — FIG.- 16 Distinguishing Features: Leaves fleshy, broadly obovate, apical ly mucronate with cuneate-cordate bases; up to 15cm long by 12cm wide; veins prominent on the lower surface, visible on the upper; leaves often arranged in tight, cabbage-like dusters. Peduncle reflexed, rigid, c. 7cm long. Umbel positively-geotropic, concave or convex (difficult to determine from Kerr's type) with pedicels 4 - 5cm long; 1 - 20 flowers. Corolla lobes strongly reflexed, finely pubescent only at the base of the lobes; c. 1.3cm long by 1cm diam. Corona lower lobe abruptly elevate; both lobes orange. Pollinia wingless wide very short caudicles and a massive corpuscle. Ecology: In lowland and hill forests of Johore, Pahang, Perak and Selangor; not common and rarely blooming. Distribution: S. Thailand, Sumatra, Borneo. 453 j, I ft. Hnyyt tttiiutta Kcir. aj section uf stemi bj flower Ln top view; cj flower in side v\i?H, d> f[ower in median seaionie) nwjn-pflUinia. From a living plant and frtuTI 01 Note: that Rintz has depicted the flower cluster as handing down and even labeled it a positively-geotropic, it is the exact opposite. In my view the pollinarium should also be depicted with the pollinia upright. He states the pollinia are wingless which is incorrect. He terms the '“retinaculum’' a corpuscle (The term I use and prefer has historical priority, however many modern Asclepiad workers use the latter term, I believe the earlier term 454 should be applied). The retinaculum has turned on the axis and the head is here turned out not between the pollinia as it normally is. In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 90. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. H. mitrata Kerr. Hook. Ic. PI. XXXV (1940) t. 3406. FI. Siam. Enum. 3 (1951) 39; Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 498, Fig. 16. Occurrence: (PEN): Surat Thani, Chumphon, Phuket. In Ecotropica 5:221 — 225 999 © The German Society for tropical Ecology Hoya mitrata KERR (ASCLEPIADACEAE): A new myrmecotrophic epiphyte from southeast Asia with a unique multilevel domatium. Andreas Wetsstlog, Joachim Moog , Walter Federle~, Michael Werner , Rosli 3 1 Hashim & Ulrich Maschwitz 1 Zoologisches Institut, J. W. Goethe-Universitat, Siesmayerstrasse 70, 0-60054 frankfurt, Germany. 2 Zoologie II. Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 0-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. 3 Institute of Biological Science, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Key words: Hoya mitrata, epiphytes, ants, myrmecodomatia, myrme cotrophy, southeast Asia. INTRODUCTION The perhumid tropical areas of the Australasian region show a unique diversity in myrmecotrophic epiphytes (reviews in Bequaert 1922 and Jolivet 1996). A variety of plant structures apparently adapted to harbor ant colonies (myrmecodomaria) are found in different plant families, e.g., fleshy tubers derived from the hypocotyl in Hydnophytum and Myrmecodia (Rubiaceae) and rhizomes in the fern Lecanoptens (Polypodiaceae). In addition there are several myrmecophyric species of the Asclepiadaceae genus Dischidia which provide nesting space for ants either under convex-orbicular leaves attached to the plant surface as found, e.g. in the species D. imbricata, or inside complex leaf-pitchers as found in D. major (= D. rafflesiana Treub 1883) and D. complex (Rintz 1980). In epiphyte-ant associations, the principal benefit for the plant seems to he nutritional. Myrmecotrophy, the feeding of plants by ants, has been convincingly demonstrated in several ant-house epiphytes (Janzen 1974, Rickson 1979, Beattie 1985, Benzing 1991). Particularly ants of the genus Philidris (Dolichoderinae) are reported as dominant and regular associates of myrmecotrophic epiphytes in the Australasian region. 455 These ants typically place large quantities of debris and insect remains into the plants which absorb their decomposition products (Tresecfer et al. 1995). The vegetative characters of epiphytes in the genus Hoya (Asclepiadaceae) are very similar to those of Dischidia. However, myrmecophytic specialization seems to be rare in this genus and, with the exception of H. imbricata, Hoya species were not included in reviews of myrmecotrophic epiphytes (Davidson & Epstein 1989, Jolivet 1996). During field trips in primary mixed dipterocarp forests in Sarawak Mirio, Malaysia (4°20'N, 113°50'E) and Thailand Klong Thom, 7°4(TN, 99°6(TE), we came upon a conspicuous Hoya species with multileaved structures which turned out to be ant domatia. Here we report (1) the structure of a new domatium type (2), the ant species inhabiting these structures, and (3) other known myrmecodomatia in the genus Hoya. RESULTS The plant. Using Rintz’s (1978) key for the Malayan Hoya species we identified the plant as Hoya mitrata Kerr. It was described by Kerr (1940) based on a single specimen from Thailand. Special domatia structures were not reported by him. This rare species is also found in the lowlands and forested hills of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo (Rintz 1978). Hoya mitrata is an epiphytic twining climber with dimorphic foliage. As in all members of Hoya the fleshy stiff leaves are arranged mainly in an opposite and decussate position. Type I leaves are elongated, have a broad obovate shape and are apically mucro- nate with an apical tip and a cuneate-cordate base. The veins are prominent on the lower surface and easily visible on the upper surface (Figs. 1 A, 2 B). Type 2 leaves are elongated and lanceolate in shape (Fig.. 2 A) The midrib is prominent on the lower side while forming a groove on the upper side. Leaf type 2 is stiffer than the type 1 leaf as well a glossier and darker green. The largest H. mitrata specimen we collected had 54 type 1 and 12 type 2 leaves. It was c. 6 m long and grew in the crown of a small tree (> 9 m). Twisting internodes around the stem and branches of the host tree fasten the Hoya to the phorophyte. Type 1 leaves typically form clusters as a consequence of extremely stunted internodes (length < 1 cm compared to 9 — 16 cm for normal internodes, n = 31). The clustered leaves have a vaulted shape. ‘Tightly joined together in whorls or in opposite pairs, they form the ovoid domatium structures (Fig. 1). The tip and margins of the first domatium leaf are appressed to the host tree surface, thus forming a chamber beneath the bark and the underside of the vaulted leaf. The next leaves of the cluster have their margins tightly appressed to the surfaces of the older leaves below, thus covering them partly like a roof tile and forming further cavities. All leaf tips of the cluster point downwards. Consequently, a rainproof multi-chambered cavity is created. 456 The result is a multilayered domatium structure with interconnecting chambers of different sizes (Fig. I B). Nodal and internodal roots borne on the stem filled the dark, humid chambers. They remained comparatively short (<2 cm) if no ants occupied the cavity but reached a length of up to 15 cm and developed many branchlets and dense root hairs if organic material was provided by ants nesting inside. The undersides of all leaves forming the domatium were conspicuously purple in color, as were the upper sides of the inner leaves if covered by the outer ones. In contrast, the remaining leaves (type 2) on the long shoots were green. ‘The length of the leaf clusters in five plants varied between 12 and 32 cm. The size of slits between overlapping leaves in unoccupied domatia was between 1 and 2 cm. Table 1 lists domatium sizes oil 9 different plant specimens. Ant inhabitants. At the collection sites in dense lowland dipterocarp forests, eight out of nine plants were inhabited by ants. They belonged to the genera crematogaster, Pheidole, Polyrhachis, Cezmponotus, and Technornyrmex (Table 1). Crematogasrer sp. A camponotus sp. and the silk-weaving Polyrhachis sp. used the domatia merely as shelters since for these species no ant brood was found. The other ants found to be nesting within the domatia are of special interest, for they partly filled the spaces between the leaves and also closed gaps and edges with carton structures consisting of chewed-up plant fibers, soil, insect fragments and other small particles. This nutrient-rich material was infiltrated extensively by the Hoya roots. One ant species (Pheidole sp.) was found to tend scale insects on the host tree surface, another one (Crematogaster sp. B) On hoya leaves. In one domatium of plant no. 3 (Table 1) colonies of two different ant species shared the nesting space. (crematogaster sp. B) on the Hoya leaves. In one domatium of plant no. 3 (Table 1) colonies ICS of two diffrent ant species shared the nesting Space. Crematogaster sp. B occupied the inner cavities formed by the host tree surface and the Hoya leaves, while Technornyrmex sp. inhabited the remaining space between overlapping leaves. On plant no. 5 (Table 1). besides Crenmtogaster sp. D a few workers of a parabiotic Cam ponotris sp. were found inside tile same domatium. DISCUSSION The plant. Structural characteristics of the leaf clusters, e.g.. the closed-oil shape, the downward position of the entrances preventing accumulation of organic matter, as well as their multi-chambered and rain-proof interior, indicate their domatium character. It is unlikely that the observed structure formed by modified leaves and a shortened stern axis (reduced elongation of internodes) functions as a mechanical protection for flower arid leaf buds since (1) the flowers occur only on long-shoots (Thorut 1992. A. Weissilog, pers. observation) and (2) the young non-clustered leaves develop on the shoots outside of the cluster. Kerr (1912) and Janzen (1974) reported the augmentation of roots in Dischidia major if the domatium was filled with debris arid concluded that in this way the plant was led by the ants. More recently Treseder et al. (1995), using stable isotope analysis, 457 calculated that in Dischidia major in Sarawak 29% of the plant nitrogen is derived from debris deposited in the leaf cavities by ants. The massive root development into the ant carton material within the H. mitrata leaf cluster cavities strongly indicates that the nest material serves as a source of nutrients. Since the H. mitrata leaf clusters store materials (such as plant particles, insect remains and debris) which can be expected to he rich in nutrients, arid also provide a protected nesting site for the ant colony, it is by definition a myrmecotrophic domatium (Beattie 1989, Benzing 1991). Southeast Asian ant-epiphytes are mostly defined as well developed cases of plant-ant mutualism based on tropic relationships rather than protection (Janzen 1974, Rickson 1979). Because of the small number of H. mitrata specimens we could not inves- tigate the effect of ant inhabitants on herbivores. However, particular carton -building ants collect epiphyllae and other microscopic particles from leaves and utilize them to build and maintain nest structures (Weissflog et cii, in prep.). In that way they may clean the photosynthetic surface of the epiphyte leaves. The complex multi-chambered leaf structure is very unusual among the various myrmecotrophic domatia in epiphytes, which normally consist of one defined plant part, e. g.. a modified hypocotyl, rhizome or leaf. Rather similar dornatia structures arc known only from the Neotropical Bromeliaccae genus Ti lands ia, formed by a rosette-like inflation of the leaf bases, e.g.. T. bulbosa (Huxley 1980). In the entire epiphytic genus Hoya (consisting of about 200 species. Jolivet 1996) only a few further myrmecophytic species are known. The domatia (continued below Table 1) TABLE I. Domatium size [maximum length (1) and width (w)] and number of nine Hoya mitrata specimens and their ant inhabitants. The plants were collected in Sarawak (nos. 1-5) and South Thailand (nos.6-9). Plant no Length of plant Size of No. of Ant species domatia domatia (1 x w) cm] No, of ant Trophobio individuals nts 1 6 m 13 x 6 4 P he i dole sp. > 200 + brood +1 15x6 18x7 21 x 10 2 0.3 m 25 x 17 1 Cremarogaster sp. A >50 3 5m 32 x 18 2 Polyrhachissp. 12 15 x 8 Crematogasrer sp. B > 1000 + brood +2 Technomyrmex sp > 50 + brood 4 1.2 m 16x9 1 Crematogasrer sp. C > 100 5 1.3m 30x17 1 458 6 3.5 m 15x7 4 Crematogasrer sp. D > 100 + brood 17x9 16x6 12x6 1 5.5 m 22x12 4 Crematogasrer sp. D > 300 + brood 15x8 19x10 Camponorus sp. few workers 15x7 (Parabiosis) 8 2 m 10x6 1 Crematogaster sp. > 100 + brood 9 3 m 24x12 4 Crematogaster sp. F > 100 + brood 16x9 17x7 16x8 1 scale insects on the phorophyte, 2scale insects on the Hoy a. of H. imbricata (Merrill 1946) and H. maxima (Schlechter & Warburg 1906/1907), found in the Philippines and New Guinea, are similar to myrmecophytic Dischidia species with circular convex domatia leaves tightly appressed to the bark of the phorophyte. During our literature study we came across an additional Hoy a species that is similar to Dzschidia, which has remained unnoticed in the literature on myrmecophytes. hi addition to its normal oblong leaves, the Philippine H. darwinii (Loher 1910) possesses hollow spherical domatia leaves of golf-ball size divided into multiple separated cavities filled by roots. Their structure is similar to the chambered pitcher leaves of Dischidia complex (Rintz 1980). It should be mentioned that the inner domatium surface of all myrmecophytic species of Hoya (including H. mitrata) and Dischidia (Huxley 1980) possess a deep purple coloration. In addition to some role in plant physiology such a dark leaf coloration may function as light protection, thus making it an acceptable ant nest-site (Janzen 1974). While the genus Dischidia is very rich in myrmecophytec (almost one third of the Australasian species are known to be myrmecophvtic. Huxley 1980) only very few myrmecophytes with leaf domatia (<2 %) have evolved in the genus Hoya. The ant inhabitants. Anderson (1963) first drew attention to the tight arrangement of leaves in pseudo-whorls. Both he and C. H, Thorut (1992), a Hoya collecting horticulturist, mentioned the occasional occurrence of ants in these structures without giving any information on their species identity or nesting methods. Our findings indicate that the association of H. mitrata with ants seems to be non- specific. The contribution of the ants to the nutrition of their host plant is probably highly variable depending on the ant species involved, especially their different abilities to modify and close the domatia chambers with carton material. The benefit to the ants is a sturdy, rain-protected and long-lived nest site, a resource often in limiting supply for arboreal ants (Wilson 1959). Interestingly, the typical Australasian myrmecotrophic epiphytes, like the numerous species of Myrmecodia, Dischidia, etc., are inhabited by specialized members of the ant genus Philidris (Dolichoderinae) if growing in open conditions (Huxley 1978, 459 1980; Beattie 1985, Maeyama et al. 1997). This seems nor to be the case with H. mitrata, which was discovered by us at only two sites in dense mixed dipterocarp forests without potentially specific ant partners. It may therefore he the case that habitat characteristics rather than species-specificity determine which ant species colonize such ant-house plants (see also Yu & Davidson 1997). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the Economic Planning Unit (EPU, Malaysia) for research permission and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for financial support (Ma 373/ 17-5; SPP “Mechanismen der Aufrechterhaltung tropischer Diversitiit”). We are grateful to Winfried Noll for the drawings of Hoya mitrata. Christine M. Burton (Porterdale) from the Hoya Sociery International and Ted Green (Kaaawa, Hawaii) provided useful information about Hoya-related literature. Fig. 1. (A) Arrangement of type 1 leaves in a typical domatium of Hoya mitrata. The cluster consists of 10 leaves (length = 9.3 ±3.4 cm, width = 4.5 ±1.0 cm). Three more leaves have fallen off and only the leaf scars remain. (B) Schematic illustration of a domatium. The arrangement of the vault-like leaves in clusters of different sizes are easily entered by ants. Dotted line indicates position of cross section. 2cm 460 FIG. 2. The myrmecotropiiic epiphvtc Hoy a nitrata. (A) Lanceolate leaves (leaf type 2). (B) Vault-like leaves (leaf type 1) forming the ovoid domarium structure. The leaves have been partially moved aside to show the roots filling the domatium Discussion: Kerr placed this species in the Section Oreostemma. He separated H. oreostemma Schlechter from the Section Pterostemma because of that species small calyx and the fact that the outer lobe of the coronal scales stand upright and the inner ones taper off in a line almost perpendicular to the tip. This is certainly true of this species. I suppose this is where it belongs. I made a separate section for this species and Hoya darwinii Loher based on the rudimentary pellucid edge on the pollinia and the fact that the leaves are often modified. This I called Section Rudimentalia Kloppenburg. Photo of this species sent to me by Chanin Thorut of plant collected by him in Thailand Note: the upright flower cluster and the very closely massed leaves. 461 Another photo of this species collected in the wild by Chanin Thorut of Thailand showing the curled leaf formations. A typical and home. In this photo by Chanin he says “A cluster of leaves of Hoya mitrata , I cut from a vine collected from deep jungle South Thailand”. About 1994. Microscopic photos follow: 462 End view of the large corona showing one scale with a groove, to each side at the base is the ends of anther wings and adjacent scale. Enlarged about 16X. Another end view of the corona this time between two scales showing how the two scales adjoin at the base and the large elongated column at the base. This surface is covered with heavy hairs as with many Section Eriostemma species. Notice also that the surface of the scale on the underside at least is finely sulcate. Enlarged about 16X. 463 Although this photo is of a dried flower sent from Thailand by Chanin it shows a very different corolla lobe form (see the drawing in Kerr’s description) The lobes are cut so deep they are almost like individual petals and the apiculated outer apex. There is a thickened collar under the corona with fine stiff hairs. There are 5 radiating hirsute lines pointing to each sinus from the center. This is enlarged about 8X. This is a very large pollinarium, and very distinctive. Here enlarged about 65X. This species has the largest retinaculum I have studied (see “Hoya Pollinarium A Photographic Study by Dale Kloppenburg”). Kerr’s drawing shows no pellucid edge on the pollinia and Rintz says the pollinia is wingless (no pellucid edge), but this and H. darwinii Toher both have this edge present although in a diminutive form along the central outer edge of each pollinia. 464 Here is another view of thew pollinium edge enlarged about 160X. I suppose it is possible to interpret that there is no pellucid edge her. What I see, however is a lone structure jutting from the edge of the pollinium covering about lA of the edge. On the right hand pollinium on the above picture you will see that it is here that the pollen tubes starting to emerge, first from the lower edge of this structure, as they do in all other hoya species. Critical measurements: Pedicels: glabrous, punctate, longitudinally striate (on drying) 2.5 cm. long, curved, 0.06 cm. in diameter. Calyx: 0.28 cm. long, widest 0.18 cm. slightly ciliate, outer apex rounded, with hyaline ligules present; very little overlap at base. Ovaries: columnar, tapering narrowly upward, 0.20 cm. tall and with a base of 0.15 cm. 465 Corolla: outside glabrous, inside punctate pubescent with thickened collar at the center with hirsute whitish hairs covering the whole central area and a few at the sinuses. Lobes deeply cut more narrow at the base and enlarging slightly outward with an apiculate apex. 0.57 cm at the widest. Apex to center Sinus to sinus Sinus to apex Sinus to center 0.1 cm., making the flower flattened 2.0 cm in diameter. 0.04 cm. 0.83. cm. 0.33 cm. Corona: Outer lobes upright and long, channeled below, with this surface finely sulcate. Inner lobes short almost perpendicular to the outer lobe, rounded decreasing in diameter inwardly. All surfaces glabrous. Outer scale 0.80 cm. tall, base here 0.30 cm. wide. All this supported on a column 0.15 cm. tall with a wider base diameter of 0.40 cm. Anthers just slightly exposed beyond inner lobe apex. Pollinarium: very large retinaculum and unusual pollinia. Short translators from below the broadened head at the waist area. Pollinia length 0.90 mm. widest 0.32 mm. Retinaculum Head very broadly rounded with flaring shoulder area, length 0.45 mm. shoulder 0.49 mm. waist 0.29 mm. hip 0.30 mm. extensions 0.25 mm. long. Translators length 0.19 mm. depth 0.03 mm. Caudicle Somewhat linear with small bulbous end. Diameter about 0.07 mm. Herbarium Sheets: Hoyamitrata Kerr Thailand, Surat Type 13152 1940 Kerr Hoya mitrata Kerr Malaya, Kuala 159 1939 (SING) Hoya mitrata Kerr Thai. Malaya 10015 Triso Hoya mitrata Kerr Thai. Malaya 8534 Sari has Hova mitrata Kerr if Thai. Malaya 3062 Dua Hoya mitrata Kerr Thailand, Takuapa 3841 1940 Haniff. (SING) Hoya mitrata Kerr HailandSqDuaBaramSw 1993 1955 Anderson ( UPM) Hoya mitrata Kerr 8534 Siribas Hoya mitrata Kerr 10015 Triso 466 A picture taken in Sabah, Malaya I believe by Torill Nyhuus of Sweden, growing attached to the trunk of a very small tree. 467 Hoya mitrata Kerr # 3062 (UPM) 468 Hoya mitrata Kerr #159 (SING) 469 Hoya multiflora Blume 1823 Another species at the fringe of the Genus Hoya. It has been placed in and out of the genus labeled Centrostemma over the years. Its place in the Genus Hoya is always in doubt. People who toy with taxonomy, classification, are mostly uncertain as to where to place the fringe species or groups such as the Eriostemma's, for example, or this species. Those species that show some visual difference in flower structure or plant type from the main body of hoya species, always present a problem in classification. If one considers the Pollinarium as a key element in taxonomy then this species definitely falls under the Genus Hoya. Regardless, here is a really prolific blooming plant with wonderful large long leaves, that like Hoya cumingiana is a bushy plant not a vine or dangler, nor a creeper. A very attractive plant one with a profusion of shooting star like flower clusters. So let’s assume it is a Hoya. In this group there are solid green leaf types, variegated foliages and also some flecked with silvery markings. There are also variations in flower color, size and corolla lobe width. It is probably safe to assume that there is more than one species involved. Someone needs to collect all the species from the vast areas where they are native to, and systematically study this group. This is an old species first named Hoya multiflom by Blume in 1825, even mentioned as early as 1823. At that time it was from the Netherlands India. There is a multitude of articles on this hoya in the taxonomic literature. As stated above it is now known to be native to many countries including Thailand, Malaya, Java, and the Philippines to specify a few. You will find this species to be easy to grow and very easy to flower. It lives up to its name admirably. Don't overlook this species in your collection. Here I am presenting the literature pertaining to this species. Followed by a list of many of the herbarium sheets on file of this species or mentioned in the literature. Hoya multiflora Blume 1823 Type description: In Cat. Gew. Buitenz. (1823) 49. In Bijdagen tot de Flora van Nederlandsche Indie (1825) 1064. C. F. Blume. Hoya multiflora, Bl. H. caule fruticoso scandente, foliis subcoriaceis venosis cuneate oblongis v. oblong lanceolatis glabris infra pallidoribus, corolla basi barbata. Crescit: in fruticetis montanis Javae occidentalis. Floret: Omni tempore. Nomen: Tjunkankan. *** Corolla campanulata, angulo - 5- plicata; coronae foliolia angulo exteriori adscen cartibus integerrimis. 470 Translation: Hoya with climbing stalk, leaves somewhat leathery veined wedge-shaped oblong or oblong-lanceolate glabrous below paler, stiff hairs at base. It lives in shrubs in mountains of western Java. It flowers all the time. Native name Tjunkankan. *** corolla campanulate, angles -5- folded, leaflets of the corona exterior angle ascending, flexible but firm and edges entire. Note: No type designated. Note he says corolla campanulate ! and corona exterior ascending ! ! Other literature: In Systema Vegetabilum 1 (1825) 852. Caroli A. Linne. (Springer). Poft. n. 22. C. nniltiflorum * 34. C. volubile hirsutum, foliis cordato-oblongis acutis utrinque pubescentibus, umbellis multifloris, laciniis coronae cum antheris appendiculatis ope calli cohaerentibus. Brasil. (Schubert ia multiflora Mart.) Translation: Centrostemma twining hirsute, leaves cordate-oblong acute both surfaces pubescent, umbels multiflowered, flaps of the corona then with anthers flaps support a beautiful attachment. In Botanical Register 25 (1838) 18. Tindley. (As Hoya coriacea, here a Centrostemma). H. coriacea ; foliis subvenosis ovalibus acutis v. acuminatis coriaceis glabris corolla intus sericea. Blume Bijdr. 1063 ? * Sulfrutex. Caulis teres, glaber. Folia glabra, subcoriacea, ovalia, acute, venosa nec nervata, supra atroviridia, infra pallida. Umbellae multiflorae, pedunculata,, pendulae, axillares; pedicellis glabra; bracteis minutia, squamaeformibus, tomentosis involucratae. Flores albidi; corolla rotate, reflexa, intus pubescente, basi tomentosa, laciniis linearibus acuminatis. Corona staminea glaberrima; foliolis utrinque acuminatis. Antherae oblonga, obtusae, membrane brevi bidentata terminatae. Pollinia erecta, glandula simplici exsulca. A very pretty stove plant, sent by Mr. Cuming to Messrs. Loddinges, from Manilla; it flowered for the first time in August 1838. The genus Hoya is a large one, the species of which abound in the southern parts of India, and are but imperfectly known to Botanists. Dr. Wight mentions twenty as found in Hindostan and the neighboring islands; to which Dr. Blume adds nine more. ** The characters of the latter are so very short that it is impossible to ascertain, in the absence of authentic specimens, whether a plant corresponding with those characters is really the one intended; for distinctions expressed in such terms may apply to several different species and not be peculiar to are only. For this reason 1 am in doubt weather the plant now figured is really the H. coriacea , although I perceive no differences between it and Dr. Blume's definition of that species. It is to be hoped that this and all such points will be settled by M. Decaisne, who, fortunately for science, has undertaken the elaboration of the natural order Asclepiadaceae for DeCandolle's Prodromus. Fig. 1. represents an anther viewed from the inside; and fig. 2. a pair of pollen masses adhering to their common gland. This curious species seems to be nearly parasitical in its habits. Messrs. 471 Loddinges grow it in the Orchidaceous house, on the: block of wood upon which it was imported, this is placed in a pot, and surrounded with soil. It will grows in any light soil, the chief thing in its cultivation being warm and moist atmosphere. It does not send out roots from its stem like the other species, and is found at present rather difficult to propagate. However, there is little doubt of its being multiplied with a little patience either by cuttings or layers. Note: * actually on page 1064. The plant was misidentified by Lindley. It was corrected in Botanical Miscelany in 1840:7. ** Yes Blume’s description (and many of his others) are so cursory as to be nearly useless. Many with no types designated and no illustrations. Translation: Hoya coriacea ; leaves oval acute or acuminate fleshy glabrous, corolla inside silky. Blume Bijdr. 1063 ? Woody. Stems round, glabrous, Teaves glabrous, somewhat leathery, oval, acute, veins not nerved, above dark green below paler. Umbels many-flowered, pedunculate, peduncles axillary; pedicels glabrous; bracts minute, scale-forming, tomentose, flaps linear acuminate. Staminal corona glabrous; leaflets on both ends acuminate. Anthers oblong, obtuse, membrane short terminating in two teeth. Pollinia erect, glabrous simple, not grooved. Linlley, nJTABTCfcL ftEGISTEJ^ Lib. tB LIU 33] CC_ li rd L*ya na H In General System of Gardening (1838) 127. G. Don. 27. H. multiflora (Blum, bijdr. p. 1064.) stem shrubby, climbing; leaves rather coriaceous, with veins, cuneate- oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous; corollas bearded at the base. Woody perennial shrub. Native of Java, on the west side, on the mountains, among bushes, where it is called Tjunkankan. Many-flowered Hoya. FI. year. Shrub tw. In Botanical Registery.18, 1839:838. Hoya coriacea In Magazine of Botany 6 1838 89. Paxton's. The Asclepias Tribe (Asclepiadaceae). Hoya coriacea. Thick-leaved Hoya. We have previously spoken of this curious plant, as Powering on a block of wood in the stove of Messrs. Loddiges, when we surmised that it might prove a species of Asclepias. Its dwarf nature, large, deep-green foliage, and clusters of white blossoms, constitute it a most enchanting plant. Mr. Cuming forwarded specimens of it from Manilla to Messes, Loddiges, with whom it blossomed in August, 1838. These gentlemen have cultivated it in the orchidaceous house, retaining, it on the log of wood into which it was naturally growing when they received it. Cuttings or layers (and perhaps leaves) root tardily but successfully, with care. Bot. Reg. 18. In the Botanist IV 1840: t 178 Maund. 473 CYRTOCBRAS- F LORI BIT N’lHFM. ABUNDANT flowering ctrtoceras* nuu (f.1 an lilCnTlTLi TM3M UH Vnlvril \\* *|..4j Ik -+*11111 , ifcia PTani 'lalunti, t tUVH i irtLHt*. Mil,- 1 R. mattj st a !, o n n e fi. asc e. f, f s a n yceje- $ ffSfc f •"* Cfv*? 1 * ft’ t m™ l^sal Jf»hli«"a 14" m hLrh bfbiiiic •$& No. I 7s, rE^TAnn-tut, 0|0T)JUt □ r LiKs^ta, GENUS, C t RTcjii c n.A s* ftpwfrrr. CnftOLM rotate, <|i4 iD+iu-cfEaln.. reflcia, Tracs iteTnUlen* lunge uxjertui; cnmniL ptuluphylli, fijliipUa * lancea. Iftlis ereclia, bfui in curatr r^cnar ? j^tuni pruiltLCLii. Aktubh.k iDembrana ter. iduii pul Mo is biui iflix;*, Conors cites, cij trip rtf \v?r Si lqm nm ilJ^m dcpruMUj, papilla acutiuseiiia. Styli Fucteli. Folu njipi^ica membraimcea. UsfDtLu: iQlerpetiuEarei fcl fennEnales, peijiineidata?, flmllj florae FiiiUB mAjlAUljp fltDijlo Cvnillx fuicii barbto- HuttXFt&LDi Pliiftfin ■; Jafttnicre prUOH -* £ SPECIES- Ctatocer^ iLawiRe?;cji:-y. {B&as&Trl Fot-hs lubTenosia OTiilhus acuth tcJ, acumitmtii nKfflbi-iinsveici glabrii cnctjlEn intiss harbata. C nut ACTE !t OF THE GjENU^t C YltTOCE Ft A«L COROLLA rotate, five- » cleft, reused. Tf rf h .tre rlr diyt lanceolate, erect, ami pro- longed at iht1 W'i mu* a curved bora Aethers terminated by a mfUi-rTniur. Pulie^ mu-ses attached a* ilws base, ton rjl v t’uf r com- pres>i-ii I^iiK of the stigma depraved, lb'1 papi'!-.s $omi what lu-ute, S J V LE*i flongftte if. DESCRIPTION OF THF SPECIES, C Y H f* i>C t FI \ -a FUjumm MO V* Art cmif huYing the stem round m*i sminntb* I t a w s oppudle, smooth, of a somewhat leathery or mem bn noun oou^stenct*, ov.d, acutt-, veined, deep greett on- the upper, light green on the under surface. Inflorescence axillary or term[unft sulked, nrnduhjn-i; ■ * pe dir eld ^rno'U-h; the umbifa saiTQimdeil by an involucre of small, 5cate-lik-jj downy bnct^- FLrt'VEBS nfiitWK; corolla rolafa*, reiexedT pubescent on the iriru-r surface, taiurnfose at th*! base; segepems linear, acunuimte, yrllo«L--h tonar-h Lh«" tipts. The corona bearing tha ataiijr-o-, virry annndli: the foliole^ acuminated at both endjn Anthers oblong, obo ■< , tentuti it-’d by ,i short two-toothed mem- brane. Pollen masses erect \ the gland simple, and not rurruweth Disk of (he stigma depressed. 474 Porn «a A^x* fil.o'.uf iuni f. This ter\ inarming plant wimlfl appphf u* he nnliw * f ^ v- rol of the inland? oT the Indian Archipelago, having 1+f « n fimnd in .tarn. in the m stern pun of which it was found by Dr, H . r m» gr ui d= stance fr .ro the ^ n (where ii bean th* UNme nf K^ppal} and in the itbind of Lucan, ttlirre ii was di*CQ¥eriad by f' ^’irr Camel, uid since Lv Mr. Cuming. It Ins heeti made ihe Ivivis of a mi « : antii by Mr. RfDiietlt vln deemed it preferable to (Hi** thi* step tu » r bug an additional ret lion in III* p rint Hoya. to which ii h *kin. 1 mlefipndrnlly of the points of structure in the fl!( ^ "1 " ' v~ 541 Hoya occlusa Ridley 1912 Type description: In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch,61 (1912)31. Hoya occlusa n. sp. Stem rather stout tour angled, bark pale. Leaves ovate acuminate in pairs, base obtuse glabrous above shining greenish when dry, below brownish, coriaceous, nerves 5 pairs rising at an acute angle, slender, elevated beneath, 4 inches long 2 inches wide, petiole 1 inch long. Peduncle axillary stout angled 2 inches long rachis of raceme thickened. Flowers numerous crowded on slender pedicels 1/4 inch long, hairy. Sepals linear lanceolate acuminate nearly 2/3ds as long as the petals. Petals ovate obtuse 1/8 inch long glabrous, campanulate. Column as long as the sepals. Corolla lobe of 5 processes, lower lobes shorter than upper fleshy, apex broad lanceolate, upper ones lanceolate oblong with brood scarious edges. Staminal column short. Pollinia long pyriform, attached by a slender caudicle to n very narrow dark brown pollen carrier. Selongor: Top of the Batu Caves. Dec. 1890 (Ridley). This species is remarkable in that it appears not to fully open its flowers, the petals not being spreading nor reflexed, the corona lobes are not polished as is usual in the genus and the lower lobes are short. Note; no type mentioned and no illustration. Other literature: In Flora of The Malay Peninsula 2:1923:394 Ridley (12) H. Occlusa Ridl. Journ Roy. As. Soc. S. Br. 61, p. 31. Stem, stout 4-angled. Leaves coriaceous ovate acuminate, beneath; 4 in. long, 2 in. wide; base blunt; nerves 5 pairs elevate beneath; 4 in. long, 2 in. wide; petioles 1 in long, peduncles stout angled, 2 in. long; pedicels .25 in. long, hairy. Calyx-lobes linear- lanceolate. Corolla-lobes ovate blunt, .12 in. long, glabrous. Corona-lobes, lower shorter than upper, fleshy not homy; broad lanceolate, upper one lanceolate, edges scarious. Pollinia pyriform, caudicle slender. Flab. Selangor, Batu Caves; top of the limestone rocks (Ridley). Rare, the flowers appear never to open. Note: Dr. Rintz has placed this species into synonymy with Hoya coriacea Blume. Dr. Rintz (2005) informed me he had looked at the flowers on Ridley’s sheet of this species at Singapore and found it identical to H. coriacea Blume and wondered how Ridley could have made such an obvious mistake. Flowers on his Batu specimen had not yet fully opened evidently. Well it only goes to say that we are all prone to mistakes at times and this adds a challenge to those who follow to be thorough in our follow up works. 542 Hoya parviflora Wight 1834 Type description: In Contributions to the Botany of India (1834) 37. R. Wight. 6. H. parviflora (Wight) volubilis glabra, ramis teretibus, foliis carnosis lanceolatis basi apice attenuatis, pedunculis gracilibus folio subrequantibus multifloris parvifloris, corolla glabra, cor. st. foliolis late obvatis emarginatis obcordatisve angulo interiore acuminato stigmati apiculato incumbente. — Hoya, Wall. ! Asclep. n. 33. — Maulmyne; Wallich. — (R. W.) Translation: twining glabrous, branches slender, leaves fleshy lanceolate base and apex attenuate, peduncles slender with leaves of almost equal length many flowered, small flowered, corolla glabrous, leaflets of the staminal corona broadly obovate emarginate obcordate interior angle acuminate stigma apiculate incumbent. Hoya, Wall.! Asclepiad #33., Maulmein; Wallich. (Robert Wight). Note: Maulmein is in Myamar (formerly Burma). Other literature: In General System of Gardening and Botany 4 (1837) 126. G. Don. 6 H. parviflora (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 37.) twining, glabrous; branches slender, about equal in length to the leaves, many-flowered; corolla glabrous; leaflets of corona broad obovate, emarginate, or obcordate, with the inner angles acuminated, and laying upon the stigma, which is apiculated. Woody twining shrub. Native of Burman Empire, the Maulmeyne. Hoya, Wall. ascl. no. 33. Small-flowered Hoya. Shrub tw. In Synopsis Plantarum 6 (1840) 891. D. N. F. Dietrich. 6. H. parviflora Wight; volubilis glabra; ramis tenuibus; fol. carnosis lanceolatis; pedunc. Gracilibus multifloris; cor. glabra. In Ind. or. Woody plant. Translation: twining glabrous; branches thin; leaves fleshy lanceolate; peduncles slender many flowered; corolla glabrous. From Eastern Indian. Woody plant. In DC Prodromus System Veget. 8 (1844) 637. (DeCandolle’s) Decaisne. 22. H. parviflora (Wight contrib. to bot. of Ind. p. 37) volubilis, glabra, ramis tenuibus, foliis lanceolatis basi et apices attenuatis, pedunculatis gracilibus folium subaequantibus multifloris, floribus parvis, corolla glabris, coronae stam. Foliolis obovatis emarginatis obcordatisve angulo interiore acuminato stigmati apiculato incumbente. Woody plant in India orient. Maulmyne (Wallich). Translation: twining, glabrous branches thin, leaves lanceolate base and apex attenuate, peduncle slender leaves almost the same length many flowered, flowers small, corolla glabrous, leaflets of the staminal corona obovate emarginate obcordate interior angle 543 acuminate stigma apiculate incumbent. Woody vine from eastern India. Maulmyne. (Wallich). In leones Plantarum Indiae Orientalis 4 (1848) 16. R. Wight. 1269 Hoya parviflora (R. W.,) scandent, leaves approximated, fleshy, glabrous, narrow lanceolate, blunt pointed: flowers few, generally paired, from a short thick peduncle; pedicels shorter then the leaves; corolla glabrous; leaflets of the crown ovate pointed, the apex resting on the stigma. Courtallium, flowering September. The specimen from which the drawing was made grew in thick shady jungle, thickly matted over a large stone; as a species it seems to approach H. linearis but the leaves are glabrous and lanceolate in place of hirsute and linear. In Handbook of Indian Flora 2 (1866) 247. R. Wight (W. Drury). H. parviflora Ident. Wight’s Contrib. p. 37; Dec. prod. v. 8 p. 637. Engrav. Wight’s Icon. t. 1269. Spec. Char. Climbing: leaves approximated, fleshy, glabrous, narrow-lanceolate, blunt-pointed; flowers few, generally in pairs from short thick, peduncle; pedicels shorter than the leaves; corolla glabrous; leaflets of the crown ovate, pointed, the apex resting on the stigma. Courtallium, flowering in September. Note: Here a new type is introduced Wight t. 1269. In Flora of British India 4 (1883) 54. J. D. Hooker. 9. H. parviflora, Wight Contribr. 37; quite glabrous, leaves lanceolate acuminate very thick and fleshy, peduncles long slender, corolla revolute villose* within, column conical. Wall. Cat. 8156 A; Dene in DC. Prodr. viii 637. Tanasserim: Moulmein, Wallich. Stem climbing, slender. Leaves 2 % - 1 by V2 - 3A in.; petiole short, thick. Peduncle almost as long as the leaves; pedicels 1/3 in., very slender. Sepals ovate, glabrous. Corolla 1/6 - % in. diam. Corona-processes membranaceous, united into a conical vertically 5-lobed column, each lobe again longitudinally folded and bifid at the spreading tip. Follicles 4 in. long, very slender. This approaches an unnamed Japanese species, but the leaves are more fleshy and column different. * Type description says corolla glabrous! Is this the same species? In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 27/74 (1908) 576-577. “Flora of the Malayan Peninsula” King and Gamble. 19. Hoya parviflora, Wight Contrib. 37 (1834). A twining, slender epiphytic undershrub; rooting on the stems and branches of trees; branchlets very slender, terete. Leaves thick, coriaceous; lanceolate, acute both at apex and base; glabrous on both surfaces; margines slightly recurved; 2 to 4 in. long, .35 to .75 in. broad; midrib slender, obscure; main nerves very faint even when dry, 5 to 6 pairs, very acutely (about 10°) spreading from the midrib, the lowest pair even more so; reticulations not visible; petiole about .15 in. long, thick. Umbels many-flowered (30-40), racemose, lateral or terminal; peduncle rather stout, 1.5 to 1.75 in. long, ending in a thickened strobilate rachis often 1 in. long with minute imbricate bracts; pedicels slender, .25 to .5 in. long; buds globose, depressed; flowers many, about .15 to .25 in. in diam., apparently white. Calyx membranous, very small; lobes ovate. Corolla rotate, 544 revolute, * villous within with unicellular soft hairs; lobes triangular. Corona of 5 membranous horizontally spreading processes, forming a shallow cone; lobes longitudinally folded, bifid et apex. Staminal -column very short; anthers connivent over the style-apex, with very thin membranous appendages; pollen-masses very-minute, flattened, oblong- truncate, attached by minute cup-shaped caudicles to the triangular pollen-carriers. Style-apex with a conical tip. Follicles very slender, 4 to 5.5 in. long, .2 in. broad; pericarp thin, smooth. Seeds oblong, .25 in. long, not winged, truncate at tip, and bearing a 1 in. long white silky coma; testa very thin, pale brown, smooth; cotyledons, oblong, .05 in. long; radicle cylindric, .075 in. long. Wall. Cat. 8156A; Dene, in DC. Prodr. VIII. 637; Hook f. FI. Br. Ind. IV. 54. Penang: at Balik Pulau, Curtis 689; on Mount Elvira, Md. Haniff for Curtis. — Distrb. Tenasserim (Wallich 8156 a), leaves with nerves not or very faintly visible when dry: — Flowers minute; corolla rarely over .15 in. in diameter; pedicels filiform; Leaves lanceolate, margins only slightly recurved ....19. H. parviflora. * Type description says corolla glabrous! In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 401. H. Ridley. (22) H. parviflora Wight, Contrib. 37, King and Gamble lx. 576. A slender rather wiry twiner. Leaves coriaceous lanceolate, narrowed to both ends orates falsely whorled - nerves 5 to 6 pairs faint when dry; 2 to 4 in. long, .35 to .75 in. wide; petioles .5 in. long. Peduncles 1.75 in long, rather slender; rachis lengthening to 1 in. long; pedicels .25 in long. Flowers many, pinkish white, .25 in. across. Corolla-lobes triangular * villous inside. Corona-lobes forming a cone. Follicles very slender, 4 to 5.5 in. long, .2 in wide Seed oblong truncate, plume 1 in. long. Hab. hi forests and woods twining, low down on small trees, not rare, but not often flowering. Malacca, Mt. Ophir. Penang, Balik Palan; Waterfall (Curtis). Selul (Ridley). * Type description says corolla glabrous! In Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 41. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya parviflora Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 37 (1834); F. B. I. iv. 54; Mat. F. M. P., No. 19,576 (786); F. M P. ii. 4 Rachaburi. Bangtapan, Put 1379! *Surat. Yan yao, c. 300m., on limestone rocks, Kerr 18204! Distr. Burma (type ! Moulmein), Pen. Mai.! Our plants have flowers rather smaller then those of the type. * Surat = Surat Thani. In Malayan Nature Journal 30 #3/4 (1978) 486-488. R. E. Rintz. 4) Hoya parviflora Wight, Contr. 37 (1834). Type Burma, Tenasserim, Moulmein, Wallich 8156A(K).— FIG. 8. Distinguishing Features: STEMS thin, often deep red when young. LEAVES fleshy, lanceolate with acuminate bases; up to 10cm long by 1.5cm wide; lower surface often deep red. PEDLINCLE reflexed, rigid, 3 - 6cm long. UMBEL positively-geotropic, concave with rigid , curved pedicels 3mm — 3cm long; 1-40 flowers; open 4 days. 545 COROLLA with a dense ring of thick hairs at the base of the lobes, otherwise glabrous; c. 5mm diam; white. CORONA lower lobe 3 -parted; both lobes white. CAUDICLES broadly winged. FOLLICLE c. 10cm long by 4mm diam. Ecology Endemic to Malaysia and S. Thailand- S. Burma; common in lowland forest throughout the peninsula; often blooming in November. 546 t &. f/rij'u Wight, a) habit;. h) Fruit, c) flower in fop view; d) slower in side view; c) corona, bottom view, f) flower in median section; g) iwin-pollinu From jl living plant. Note: The type number cited by Dr. Rintz is the one used by Hooker Wall. Cat. 8156A but the type uses Wall. ! Asclep. n. 33. — Maulmyne; Wallich. This is the same species as Hooker’s but is it the one described in the Type by Wight (1834) ? 547 In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 92. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. 28. H. parvifolia * Wight (*Note: mistake here the species of Wight is Hoya parviflora) Contrib. Bot. Ind. (1834) 37. FBI 4 (1883) 54; FMP 2 (1923) 401; FI. Siam. Enum. 3 (1951) 41-42; Malay. Nat. J. 30(1978), Fig. 8. Occurrence: (PEN): Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Ranong, Phangnga. (SW): Prachuab Khiri Khan. This author makes numerous mistakes in this publication! Hoya parviflora Wight Maulmyne Type Asc. # 33 Wallich Hoya parviflora Wight Tenassrim 8156 a Wallich Hoya parviflora Wight Penang, Balik Pulau 689 Curtis Hoya parviflora Wight Rachaburi, Bangtapan 1379 Put Hoya parviflora Wight Yanyao 300m 18204 Kerr Hoya parviflora Wight Perak 896 Sechin (SING) Hoya parviflora Wight 125 (SING) 548 r j Hoya parviflora Wight #896 (SING) 549 Hoya parviflora Wight #125 (SING) The leaves look wrong on this and the next herbarium sheet. 550 Hoya parviflora Wight (SING) 551 Hoya parviflora Wight 1908 Picture, plant from Sarawak, Borneo. 552 Hoya perakensis Ridley 1910 Type description: In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 57 (1910) 71-72. H. Ridley. Hoya perakensis, n. sp. Stems slender creeping and rooting. Leaves ovate acute coriaceous glabrous base broad truncate rounded 4 'A inch long 3 inches wide, nerves from the base 5, with few arched secondary nerves, drying brown with recurved edges, petiole thick lA inch long. Raceme thick 2 inches long, of which the peduncle is % inch, all glabrous, umbel 1 inch across many flowered, pedicels slender V2 inch across. Sepals ovate lanceolate obtuse pubescent very short. Corolla 3/8 inch across lobes triangular acute minutely pubescent outside, glabrous within. Corona of 5 processes inflated adnate at base staminal column, lower lobe fleshy horizontal lanceolate sublobed at base thick elevated in the centre. Upper lobe tooth- like 1/3 length of the lower lobe, 2 valved below. Staminal column short, anthers incumbent on the style apex. Anther cells divergent appendages linear oblong, tips scarious. Pollen masses narrow oblong linear flat straight attached by very short horn-shaped caudicles to the dark brown elliptic carriers. Temengoh and Kuala Kenering, allied to H. Forbesii , King. Note: No type or illustration indicated. Leaf like Hoya polystachya Blume Other literature: In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 398. H. Ridleyi. (11) H. perakensis Ridl. Journ. Roy. As. Soc. S. Br. 57, p. 70. Stems slender. Leaves coriaceous ovate acute, base broad truncate; nerves from base 5; 4.5 in long; raceme 1.25 in. long, 3 in wide; petioles .25 in long. Peduncles .75 in. long; racemes 1.25 in. long, thick; pedicels .5 in. long. Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla .36 in. across, lobes triangular, pubescent outside only. Corona-lobes, lower horizontal lanceolate, upper tooth-like. Hab. Perak, Temengoh and Kwala Kenering (Ridley). Rare and local. In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 520. R. E. Rintz “under Doubtful or Excluded Species”. 2. Hoya perakensis Ridley, J.R.A.S.S.Br. 57 (1911) 70. Type: Malaysia, Perak, Kuala Kenering, Ridley (K). This sheet is missing from Kew and no other specimens exist. Editors Note: I feel just because Rintz could not find the Type sheet and it seems the plant having been found by H. Ridley, does not preclude its existence. Ridley said it was “rare and local”, possibly by 1978 it was extinct. 553 Hoya phyllura O. Schwartz 1931 Type description: In Mitteilungen aus dem Institut fur Allgemeine Botanik in Hamburg 7 (1931) 261. O. Schwartz. Hoya phyllura O. Schwartz nov. spec. Frutex scandens epiphyticus. Rami graciles teretes vel leviter angulosi in vivo virides laevi glabri, internodiis elongatis 4 — 13 cm longis, ad nodos non incrassati. Folia opposite; lamina oblongo-elliptica vel levissime ovato-oblonga, basi abrupte angustata, apice longe et acute caudato-acuminata, glabra in sicco coriacea nitida, nervis valde prominentibus, nervatura penniformi venis utrinque 3 — 4 abeuntibus valde apicem versus curvatis et inter se anastomosantibus, nervulis anguste reticulatis. Lamina margine integra et levissime revoluta, 8 — 16 cm longa 3.2 — 6.2 cm lata, acumine 1.5 — 2 cm longo, in vivo viridis subtus dilutius quam supra. Petiolus robustus 1 — 1.7 cm longus. Inflorescentiae laterales umbellatae, pedunculo robusto brevi 2,3 — 3 cm longo suffultae. Flores numerosi (15 - 30) pedicellis gracilibus filiformibus arete sub flore conspicue incrassatis, 3.5 — 4.5 cm longis insidentes. Calyx e denticulis 5 minutis anguste triangularibus constans. Corolla patens, 1.5 — 2 cm diametiens, carnosa utrinque glaberrima in vivo extus alba intus dilute luteo-rosea, fere usque ad dimidium longitudinis suae in lobos 5 ovatos apice leviter acuminatos divisa. Coronae stamineae phylla 5, 5.5 mm longa, supra anguste elliptica leviter concave utrinque acute versus stigma leviter comuto-producta margine revoluta. subtus canal iculata crasse carnosa. Antherae minutae in appendicem triangularem tenuiter membranaceum albidum 2 mm, longum productae. Ovaria anguste ovate. Stigmatis caput auguste apiculatum. West-Borneo: Bei Lebang Hara, um 150 m, Urwald am Ufer. (Hans Winkler n. 339, 24 November 1924.) Translation: Climbing epiphytic shrub. Branches slender round or lightly angled, in the living state green smooth glabrous, internodes elongate 4 to 13 cm long, nodes not thickened. Leaves opposite, blade oblong-elliptic or very slightly ovate-oblong, bases abruptly narrowed, apex long and acute caudate-acuminate, glabrous in the dry state coriaceous shining, nerves very prominent, nervation pinnate veins 3 to 4 on each side disappearing very near apex, curving and anastomosing, nerves narrowly reticulate. Leaf margins entire and very lightly revolute, 8 to 16 cm long, 3.2 to 5.2 cm wide, acumen 1.5 to 2 cm long, in the living state lighter green beneath than above. Petioles robust 1 to 1.7 cm long. Lateral inflorescence umbellate, supported by robust short peduncles 2.3 to 3 cm 2.3 to 3 cm long. Flowers numerous (15 to 30) situated upon pedicels which are slender filiform but conspicuously thickened close beneath the flowers, 3.5 to 4.5 cm long.. Calyx uniform without teeth of 5 minute narrow triangles. Corolla spreading, 1.5 to 2 cm in diameter, fleshy both sides very glabrous in the living state outside white, inside pale yellow-rose, almost divided longitudinally through the middle into 5 lobes apex lightly acuminate. Leaflets of the stamina! corona 5 to 5.5 mm long, above narrowly elliptic lightly concave, on both sides acute towards the stigma lightly horned margins revolute, below channeled, thickly fleshy. Minute anthers with triangular appendages that 554 are slenderly membranous white 2 mm long. Ovary narrowly ovate. Stigma head narrowly apiculate. West Borneo: Near Lebang Hara about 150 meters above sea level, in coastal primary forests. (Hans Winkler #339, November 24. 1924). Note: This is a Subsection Angusticarinata species. 555 Hoya phyllura Schwartz Type # 339 (K) report kew. Picture of sheet below sent by Ted Green, Kaaawa Hawaii. 16 November 2004 556 vt IM OtWNRHJV? ’-**> ^r. mu« Hik^bu . F[? 557 Hoya plicata King and Gamble 1908 Type Description: In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 74/2 (1908) 578. “Flora of the Malayan Peninsula King5' & Gamble. 21. Hoya plicata, King &. Gamble, n. sp. A climbing, probably epiphytic, undershrub; branchlets rather stout, terete, yellowish. Leaves fleshy coriaceous when dry; ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, acute at base; smooth and glabrous on both surfaces; margins slightly recurved; 3 in. long, 1 in. broad; midrib very faint and then only when dry; remaining nerves invisible; petiole stout, .25 in. long, flattened. Umbels many -flowered, racemose, on stout tubercular rachises, .25 to .5 in. long at the ends of stout .75 to 1 in. long peduncles; pedicels fleshy, barely flattened when dry, 1 in long; buds 5-angled, flattened. Calyx small; lobes ovate, acuminate, hyaline; scales subulate. Corolla .4 in. broad, with a raised 5-angled villous ridge in the tube above the insertion of the staminal -column, puberulous on both surfaces; lobes triangular, .1 to .15 in. long. Corona of 5 shining horny processes attached to the backs of the anthers; lower lobe ovate, obtuse or bifid at apex, with a broad fold on the upper surface; upper lobe erect, acuminate, as long as the anthers. Staminal -column short; anther-cells parallel; appendages searious, acuminate; pollen-masses flattened, granular, thin on the margin, truncate at top, seated on the face of spathulate horizontal caudicles, which connect them with the rather large-lobed pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, fleshy, with a short conical apiculus. Fruit not known. Perak: at Maxwell's Hill, 3000 ft., Scortechini 323. (Key) Flowers moderate-sized; corolla .4 in. broad; pedicels thick, broadly flattened when dry; leaf-margines slightly recurved 21. H. plicata Other Literature: In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 402. H. Ridley. - (24) H. plicata King and Gamble, l.c. 578. Rather stout climber. Leaves fleshy coriaceous ovate-lanceolate acuminate base acute; nerves and midrib invisible, .3* in. long, 1 in. wide; petioles stouts •25 in. long. Peduncles .75 to 1 in. long; pedicels flattened, 1 in. long. Corolla .4 in. broad with an elevated 5-angled villous ridge in the tube, puberulous outside and in, lobes triangular. Corona attached to the back of anthers, lower lobe ovate blunt or bifid at tip. Herb. Perak, Maxwell’s Hill (Scortechini). Very rare. I have not seen this species. * Error in printing, should be 3 in. not .3 in. (From key). Leaves ovate lanceolate edge not thickened; flowers .4 in. across (24) H. plicata. 558 In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 486. "The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya". R. E. Rintz. 3. Hoya micrantha Hooker, F. B. I. IV (1883). Type: Burma, Tenasserim, Mergui Griffith 3798 (K). — FIG. 7. = H. plicata King & Gable, A. S. Beng. IV (1903) S78. Type Malaysia, Perak, Bukit Maxwell, Scortechini 323 (K). This sheet is only drawing by Gamble but it seems to agree. Distinguishing Features: Stems stout. Feaves Fleshy, of two shapes; one form elliptical, up to 7cm long by 4cm wide; the other oblanceolate with long-acuminate bases, up to 18cm long by 5cm wide; both forms often on the same plant; Margins revolute; Peduncle reflexed, rigid, 5 — 110cm long. Umbel positively geotropic, concave with rigid, curved pedicles 5mm — 3cm long; 1 - 25 flowers, open 8-10 days. Corolla pubescent inside, the base with a low ridge; c. 8mm diam; pale orange. Corona upper lobe orange to deep red, lower lobe the sane but deeper color on the sides. Caudicles broadly winged. Follicles c. 15cm long by 8mm diam. Ecology: Common but possibly local in mountain forests from 900-1000m; abundant at Buket Fraser, Pahang and at Bukit Maxwell, Perak Distribution: S. Burma to N. Thailand; possibly in Indo-China. Note: (RDK) This is a description of H. plicata K & G. and not of H. micrantha. 559 Fig. 7 Hoya mkr^ntba Hook. a) Jiabic; vj cw-, e) corona, bottom ttew*n fruit i c) flower in top vtewt d) fbw*r in sidt flower in median section ;g) twm-pollinu From K tiffs 57- Drawing from Rintz. 1978. Editors Note: R. E. Rintz in Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 486 placed this species in Synonymy under H. micrantha selecting Schortechini’s #323 (K) as the Type, “This sheet is only a drawing by Gamble but seems to agree”. T believe Rintz’s description is of H. plicata not H. micrantha . One writer (C. M. Burton) has said the two species have the same holotype, which is not correct. Hoy a micrantha ITooker f. lists type as Griffith but no number is given. Now Dr. Rintz selects Griffith 3798 (K) as the type. K &G, however say Leaves smooth and glabrous midrib very faint remaining nerves invisible. Rintz’ s drawing shows veins and a midrib so what is his species.? Our H. micrantha specimens have the black spotting on the leaf ventral surface as shown by Dr. Rintz. Because of the lacunose surface of my species collected on the UluKali, Malaya newly cut tramway in 1981, I may have to reconsider this species. The leaf surface certainly is not smooth, (he may have been describing from dried material, there is some indication of this). Leaves on my collected species are lacunose, very deep green and coriaceous. In The Hoya Handbook (1992) 86. D. Kloppenburg & A. Wayman. Hoya plicata King and Gamble. In 1981 Ted Green of Kaaawa, Hawaii and I were on a collecting trip through Australia, Java, Singapore, Malaya and the Philippines. At Kuala Lumpur University in Malaysia, Dr. Chin had provided us with a experienced collector and transportation. One of our excursions took us from the flat lands of the capitol area to the east and the mountains on a road that lead to the resort area of the Genting Highlands at elevations where the mist forests were. About half way up the mountain on a paved road we came upon a recently cleared swath cut down the hill through the forest to provide eventually for a tramway. This is the kind of ideal area to search for hoyas and other plants that might live in the tops of huge primary jungle trees otherwise inaccessible. All the trees and other plants had been felled. Walking up a twisted trail in and out of fallen giants there were orchids, ferns, gesneriads and other exotic plants. In a bend in the path and under a large tree I spotted the hoya depicted here. It was not in flower but who cared. This beautiful plant with very dark deep green foliage with lacunose leaves (leaves with sunken areas between the veins) is a beautiful plant. It is a medium grower, rather compact and exhibits good growth. It makes an ideal basket or hanging plant and is also suited to the light garden. Another advantage is its early flowering, when still a young plant. The Powers are rather stiff and the colors are not strong, but it has some strikingly beautiful shapes as it develops and as you can see in the picture. At maturity the petals roll backwards from the upright center. This plant has been confused with Hoya micrantha even by the professional botanists. Complex chemical analysis, however, shows the two to be distinct. Our plant also fits the original description. In Hoya Section Acanthostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg (1994) 95-97. R. D. Kloppenburg. Hoya plicata King & Gamble. Hoya plicata King & Gamble in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 74 #2 (1908) 578 (also labeled 788 at page bottom). In English. Hoya plicata King & Gamble n. sp. A climbing, probably epiphyte, 561 undershrub; branchlets rather stout, terete, yellowish. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous when dry; ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, acute at base; smooth and glabrous on both surfaces; margins slightly recurved; 3 in. long, 1 in. broad; midrib very faint and then only when dry; remaining nerves invisible; petiole stout, .25 in. long, flattened. Umbels many-flowered, racemose, on stout tubercular rachis, .25 to .5 in. long at the ends of stout .75 to 1 in. long peduncles; pedicels flashy, broadly flattened when dry, 1 in. long; buds 5-angled, flattened, calyx small; lobes ovate, acuminate, hyaline; scales subulate. Corolla .4 in. broad, with a raised 5-angled villous ridge in the tube above the insertion of the staminal-column, puberulous on both surfaces; (corona) lobes attached to the backs of the anthers; lower lobe ovate, obtuse or bifid at apex, with a broad fold on the upper surface; upper lobe erect, acuminate, as long as the anthers. Staminal-column short; anther -cells parallel; appendages scarious, acuminate; pollen-masses flattened, granular, thin on the margin, truncate at top, seated on the face of spathulate horizontal caudicles, which connect them with the rather large- lobed pollen carriers. Style-apex 5 angled, fleshy, with a short conical apiculus. Fruits not known. Perak: at Maxwell's Hill, 300 ft. Scortechini 323. Other Citations: Ridley in Flora of the Malayan Peninsula 2 (1923) 402. Rintz in the Malayan Nature Journal 30 Pt. 3/4 (1978) 486 as H. micrantha Hooker. Wayman & Kloppenburg in The Hoya Handbook (1992) 86. Herbarium Sheets: Type #323 Scortechini (K) said by Dr. Rintz to be only a drawing by Gamble. See notations under H. micrantha Hooker. Although Dr. Rintz believed this species to be synonymous with Hoya micrantha Hooker, I do not agree with this assumption. In comparisons conducted with Electrophoresis by Wim J. Baas at the Botanical Laboratory, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands he has shown the two species to be distinct in their protein pattern. This species has the most pronounced ring thickening of the inner corolla area of all the hoya species I have examined. It is much more pronounced than in Hoya micrantha Hooker. This villous ridge is mentioned in the type description of this species. 562 Page from "The World of Hoyas a Pictorial Guide" by Dale Kloppenburg. 563 Photo of the flower cluster of my plant blooming in Fresno, CA. then under the collection # 81036. 3/9/90. The picture on the World of Hoyas by Ann Wayman (see Page 1) she writes "Very dark green almost black tough leathery leaves. This foliage looks like it has been crumpled, the smoother out. Flowers have flesh colored petals, very dark, purple red corona". Picture I believe by Ann Wayman of Central Point, Oregon. This is not a dainty cluster! Below are photomicrograph details from my plant at Fresno. CA. collected in 1981. 564 ' ' ' ; r -■ §r ■v.^v^ View of the calyx still on the back of the flower enlarged about 16X. The sepals are very small, triangular, dark purple here. Tha apex does not reach the corolla sinus. Side view of the pedicel, calyx, and ovaries enlarged about 16X. The pedicel is curved, glabrous but punctate. Sepals are small and essentially triangular with narrowly rounded apices. Ovaries taped in toward the apex slightly, smooth and glabrous, yellow colored. 565 Top view of the calyx enlarged about 16X. Sepals overlap about 1/3 with the widest portion just above the overlap, granulose outside, inside also somewhat rough, central portion thickened. Small narrow (linear) white ligules are present. View of the outer surface of the corolla with the calyx remover enlarged about 16X. Note how the corolla is cupped (on the inside) and the apices then are revolute. There appears to be ligules at the base of each sinus. 566 Top view of the corona and corolla (inside) enlarged about 16X. Note the inner surface of the corolla lobes are villous (long thick hairs). The side lobes of the corona are wide and flattened on top, giving a rounded appearance to the outer apex. This surface is finely sulcate, with linear lines lengthwise. Inner lobe is narrow and long but does not reach the center and nearly round, a form between spatulate and dentate. The scales are wide apart. 567 Inside view of the corolla enlarged about 16X. The outstanding feature of this species is the extreme thickening of the corolla under the coronal area. The thickening reaches the sinus. The lobes of the corolla then cup upward and are somewhat revolute. Side view of the scale enlarged about 16X. The anther is attached to the inner lobe well down the lobe and exceeds the inner apex by a considerable length. The inner calyx lobe is slightly flattened and with a curved apical area. The anther wings here are distinctly large. The side lobe here shows the linear sulcations and forms a rounded apex, although the actual top of the scale ends in an acute angle or at least one that is very narrow. 568 Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 1 6X. The bottom is channeled but the channel is short and at its end the curved edges roll under toward the sinus, a very thick short column occupies the center. The whole flower here is stiff in appearance. Side view of the pentagonal stylar table with its raised center, and sharp central portion. King & Gabble are of the few hoya taxonomists who labeled this structure correctly. "Style- apex 5 -angled, fleshy with a short conical apiculus". 569 Two pollinaria at different focal lengths, namely to show the detail of the translators and caudicles, here enlarged about 165X. The pollinia are long, truncated at the apex, and with a narrow vacuole inside form the pellucid margine. The retinaculum is long especially the head area with a broad hip area. The most outstanding feature here is the exceptionally well differentiated caudicle which envelope the whole attached end of the pollinia and nearly block it from view with their fine granular or stippled surface (most all caudicles in hoya are clear. Note also the actual structured quality of the caudicle especial discernable on the left hand Pollinarium. The translators as usual are wedge shaped the broader portion supporting this complex caudicle. Critical Data follows: Umbel: variable but ca. 21 flowers. Pedicel: curved about 2.8 cm. long but variable in length longest 3.0 cm. shortest 1.8 cm., 0.12 cm in diameter, terete, lenticeled and spotted black with a few short curved white celled hairs. 570 Calyx: very small, with sepal overlap about 1/3. Sepals 0.07-0.15 cm. long, widest 0.10 - 0.15 cm., narrow linear white ligules, center thickened, surface punctate and inside granulose. Ovaries: tapered columnar, 0.20 cm. tall base of pair 0.15 cm, Corolla: revolute, outside glabrous, inside from thickened central ring (which extends to the sinus) the surface is villous except the apical tip is glabrous. Sinus to sinus Sinus to center Sinus to apex Center to Apex Widest Collar 0.40 cm. 0.35 cm. 0.50 cm. 0.85 cm. so the diameter flattened is 1.70 cm. 0.45 cm. 0.07 cm. deep. Corona: raised to the center, inner lobe long and narrow but not reaching the center so the anthers are exposed (the meet in the center). Outer portion with wide shelves and flat on top (bilobed extensions) they are finely longitudinally sulcate, scale itself smooth and waxy. There is a wide space between the scales ca. 0.10 cm. Whole structure supported on a thickened column. Apex to apex 0.34 cm. Apex to center 0.40 cm. Anther wing to aw. 0.26 cm. Retinaculum to ret. o. 12 cm. Pollinarium: Pollinium length: widest: 0.550 mm. 0. 1 90 mm. Retinaculum length: shoulder: waist hip: extensions 0.200 mm. 0.072 mm. 0.050 mm. 0.080 mm 0.050 mm. Translators length: depth: 0.190 mm. 0.100 mm. Caudicle bulb dia. 0.100 mm. 571 One more picture of this plant again I believe taken by Ann Wayman of Central point, Oregon. Picture of the foliage taken by Ann Wayman, Central Point, Oregon. U.S.A. “Deep emerald green or often almost black foliage. The leaves start out small but can get quite large. The plant itself can grow wild and rampant but can be kept in bounds with heavy pruning. Excellent bloomer” Hoya plicata K& G Hoya plicata K & G Herbarium Sheets: Malaya, Maxwell Hill Type 323 1903 Scortech. Maly a Central Highlands 315 1980 Anthony (UPM) 572 Hoya plicata King & Gamble 1908 573 From the type description Leaves fleshy coriaceous when dry; ovate- lanceolate, acuminate at apex, acute at base; smooth and glabrous on both surfaces; margins slightly recurved; 3 in. long, 1 in. broad; midrib very faint and then only when dry; remaining nerves invisible; petiole stout, .25 in. long, flattened. The nervation is pinnate with 4 or more nerves on each side of the midrib at a wide angle, looping to be anastomosing from the base all the way to near the apex. The blade upper surface is plicata as the species name implies. The petiole is grooved above. 574 Most likely Hoya plicata King & Gamble #315 (UPM) flORA OF WAfiAYA *■ i if r» n ■ t«iH i#-8- B-B * * ' r A *h? MVT-- *' liiiv ■!»„ c l* r J ■, I I ■■ ■/u’L i’ll 4^ if. jM- '4| cj* 4T_ *■»" 575 576 Hoya micrantha/plicata ? By all indications this is Hoya plicata A cutting from Ted Green, in 2004, peduncle and cluster of 1 1 flowers, flat to slightly concave, leaves elliptic-lanceolate, apex acute base cuneate. 10 cm. long 3.1 cm. wide below the middle, glabrous with rough surface. Peduncle: enlarged about 8X. 2.4 cm. long, 0.20 cm. in diameter, slight curve with many white curved hairs on the dark surface, most directed distally. Peduncle enlarged nearly 16X. The rachis is fascicled with the bracts at the base of the pedicels membranous and with incised edges. The rachis pinches in a little at the rachis area. Pedicels enlarged about 8X. They are glabrous, curved, terete, and slightly swollen at the bracteated base, ca 2.0 cm. long and 0.10 cm. in diameter. A little expanded at the calyx base. Pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 16X. Ovaries are bottle shaped, glabrous, 0.12 cm. tall and base pair 0.09 cm. wide. Calyx base is granulose surfaced. 577 Top view of the calyx enlarged about 16X. The sepals are triangular, centrally thickened, inside shiny smooth outside granulose. 0.15 cm. long and 0.15 cm at teh widest. Small ligules are present. Pedicel and calyx attached to the back of the corolla enlarged about 16X. The sepals do not reach the corolla sinuses. The granulose outer surface of the calyx is very evident in this photo. Outside surface of the corolla enlarged about 16X. This surface is glabrous. Corolla is normally revolute. There is a slight pentagonal thickening on the inside around the collar, showing through here. Inside surface of the corolla enlarged about 16X. This surface is puberulous except for the apical area. Pentagonally thickened around the collar where the area is sunken. Sinus - sinus 0.26 cm. Sinus - center 0.20 cm. Sinus - apex 0.28 cm. Widest 0.28 cm. Apex - center 0.57 cm. 578 Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The surfaces are glabrous and waxy, scales are channeled for a short distance, the rolled edges are finely diagonally sulcate and the bilobed extensions are plainly visible. There is a central column0.04 cm. tall. A greatly magnified view of a portion of the lower side of the corona. Note the rounded edges of the anther area and its extension to the channeled area of the lobes. The central thickened column is also visible (central right). Column opening ca. 0.10 cm. in diameter although a little oval in shape. Flower enlarged about 16X with revolute corolla and cone shaped bilobed corona. Apex - apex 0.17 cm. Apex - center 0.20 cm Apex to end 0.23 cm. Widest 0.18 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.07 cm. Ret - center 0.06 cm. Aw. - aw. 0.15 cm. Aw- center 0.15 cm. Top view of the corona enlarged at least 16X. Inner lobes are spatulate, outer lobe ends narrowly and abruptly between the bilobed extensions. Anther wing extends a little and is very long. The bilobed apices reach the sinuses of the corolla. 579 4 Side view of a coronal scale enlarged over 16X. Inner lobe here above the anther and spatulate with a somewhat rounded dorsal surface, same for the rest of the scales dorsal surface. Not how it narrows and ends abruptly between the two side lobes which meet at their outer apices. Anther wings are nor scythe shaped. Pollinia length 0.51 mm. widest 0.18 mm. Retinaculum length 0.14 mm. shoulder 0.07 mm. waist 0.04 mm. hip 0.06 mm. ext. 0.02 mm. Translator length 0.17 mm. widest 0.09 mm. Caudicle bulb diam. 0.07 mm. 580 Hoya polystachya Blume 1 849 Type Description: In Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum 1 (1849) 45. C. L. Blume. 106. Hoya (Physostemma) polystachya Bl. fig. IX: parasitica, volubilis, glabra; foliis lato-ovatis v. oblongo-ovatis acuminatis basi rotundatis subcordatisve camosis crassis 3-5-nerviis margine subrecurvis; umbellis longe pedunculatis geminis v. pluribus in racemum brevem dispositis; floribus in receptaculo elongato fasciculatis; corollae glabrae laciniis *ovatis acutis erectis; coronae stamineae foliolis supra plano-depressis angulo exteriore assurgente acutiusculo. — In montanis insularum Javae et Sumatrae. Flores parvuli. * cannot be ovate and acuteat the sme time ? (RDK). Translation: parasitic, twining, glabrous; leaves broadly-ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, with base rounded or somewhat cordate; fleshy, thick 3-5 nerves, margins a little recurved; umbels with long peduncles, paired or several in a short raceme arrangement; flowers in an elongated fascicled receptacle (rachis). Lobes of the corolla glabrous ovate acute erect; leaflets of the stamina! corona above flat-concave exterior angle acute and pointed upward. In mountains on islands of Java and Sumatra. Flowers small. Hoyra (Fkvdmstamjiiss) hi. Figure IX. The pollinarium here is too small to use in identification. Note here the multiple peduncle, fasc dated flower cluster scars on the rachis, the deep cut corolla with outer ends of coronal lobes raised; also turned down at apex. Other Literature: In Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 (1852-53) 66. W. G. Walpers. 8. H. polystachya Blume l.c. 45. no. 106. t — Parasitica volubilis glabra: foliis late ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis acuminatis, basi rotundatis subcordatisve carnosis crassis 3-5 nerviis, margine subrecurvis; umbellis longo pedunculatis geminis vel pluribus in racemum 581 brevem dispositis; floribus in receptaculo elongato fasciculatis; corollae glabrae laciniis ovatis acutis erectis; coronae stamineae foliolis supra plano-depressis, angulo exteriore assurgente acutiusculo, — Flores parvuli. — Habitat in montanis Javae et Sumatrae. Translation: Parasitic twining glabrous: leaves broad ovate or oblong-ovate acuminate, base rounded almost cordate thick fleshy 3 to 5 nerves, margins somewhat recurved; umbels with long double peduncles or several in a short raceme arrangement; flowers in a elongated fascicled receptacle; flaps of the glabrous corolla ovate acute erect; leaflets of the staminal corona flat above cupped, exterior angle acute and rising upward. — Flowers small — It lives in the mountains of Java and Sumatra. * Here the Walpers uses #106 as the type with no mention of Type t. IX. In Flora of Indiae Bataviae 2 (1857) 522. Zollinger & F. A. W. Miquel. 21. Hoya polystachya Bl. Volubilis, folia e basi rotundata vel subcordata lato-ovate vel oblongata acuminata, crasso carnosa, 3 — 5-nerva, glabra, 3 — 5-pollicaria, receptacula e pedunculo axillari brevi gemina terna vel plura cylindraceo-elongata pedicellata multiflora; flores supra receptaculum fasciculati, parvuli; corollae glabrae laciniae ovatae acutae erectae; coronae stamineae phylla extrorsum acutiuscula, supra planiuscula. Blume Mus. bot. I. p. 45, fig. IX. Java, in Patjitan en elders (Horsf., Van Hasselt, BL). Sumatra. — Kapal sund. Translation: Twining, leaves rounded at the base or somewhat cordate broadly ovate or oblong acuminate, thick-fleshy, 3 to 5 nerved, glabrous, 3 to 5 inches long, receptacle out of the peduncle axil shortly paired or several cylindric-elongated pedicel led many flowered; flowers above the receptacle fasciculate, small, leaflets of the glabrous corolla ovate acute erect; leaves of the staminal corona outside very acute, above fairly flat. In Blumea 6/2 (1950) 380. “Notes on the Flora of Java. R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink. Hoya polystachya Bl., Mus. Bot. Tugd. Bat. 2 (Apr. 1849, 45, fig. IX — Hoya latifolia , apud. auct., div. Non G. Don. In Flora of Java (1965) 271. C. A. Backer. (From his Key). 20a. Corona oblong, narrowed at both ends, very convex beneath, faintly concave above, not keeled. Inflorescences often 2 or more together, long-ped uncled; rachis thick at last long, many-flowered; corolla-segments acute; pollinia (not seen) lanceolate-obovate, from a rounded-obtuse base, not (?) pellucid-margined; follicles? Leaves broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, from a rounded-subcordate base, shortly acuminate, thickly fleshy, rather thinly coriaceous when dry, 3 — 5-nerved, c. 17 cm by c. 8 14 cm; lateral nerves coarse, prominent above; petiole rather thick, c. 1 14 cm. Dimensions ?; flowering-time ?; long ago collected here and there (e.g. Patjitan, E.); forest H. polystachya Bl. 582 Photos by Ann Wayman, Central Point, Oregon, USA. Plant from the author in 1987. Discussion: I am not sure this species conforms to the flower drawing of Blume in regard to the coronal outer lobe configuration. Blume shows outer lobes acute and turning slightly downward. Our lobes are rounded, indented with a short apical tip. The blooming habit of multiple peduncles is similar. There has been much confusion between 583 the species H. macrophylla Blume, H. latifolia G. don and this species. See all these “Passports” for more details, (separate publications by author). Photomicrographs of flowers from my plant at Fresno, CA. follow: Photo of outside of corolla with attached Calyx enlarged about 16X. This small calyx conforms to Blume’ s drawing (side view). None of descriptions mention the calyx. Side view of the calyx and portion of the pedicel enlarged about 16X. Note the short sepal lobes with hirsute indumentum, also the enlarged knob below the calyx. The pedicel is terete and lenticeled otherwise it seems glabrous, (some hairs on swelling). 584 A rather dark photo, top view of the calyx and ovaries. The sepals are triangular and very small, ligules are present. The apex is rounded. Top view of corolla and corona enlarged about 16X. The inner corolla surface is pubescent, outside glabrous. Coronal lobes are well short of the sinus. This is another difference from Blume’s drawing which show the corolla lobes deep cut so the coronal lobes reach the sinus. I believe with these differences we need to look critically for another plant to fit Blume’s description. Note: The type description says corolla glabrous so I believe this species is different in this and a couple of other aspects of the corona. Scale shape and also they do not reach the center as the type drawing shows. 585 Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Note the dimpled outer apex. I did not make note if the inner lobe is spatulate or dentate, however it is short and does not reach the center where the anthers are well exposed. Bottom view of same corona enlarged about 16X. Note the short groove on this surface and again the tiny apiculate apex on the outer lobe. The outer apex is actually indented below. 586 Pollinarium enlarged about 165X. It is not a large pollinarium. The pollinia are broad with rounded inner apices a well defined pellucid edge. The most striking thing here is the well defined and differentiated translators, supporting a small caudicle at least small at the bulbous apex.. Undifferentiated covers the retinaculum outer apical area. Pollinium length 0.39 mm. width 0.16 mm. Retinaculum length 0.15 mm. shoulders 0.12 mm. waist 0.04 mm. hip 0.05 mm. ext. 0.05 mm. Translators length 0.09 mm. depth 0.06 mm. Caudicle bulb diam. 0.07 mm. Another photo of the pollinium showing the retinacula in more detail Herbarium Sheets: Hoya polystachya Blume Hoya polystachya Blume Hoya polystachya Blume Hoya polystachya Blume Sumatra Java Java Koetoardja Java Bagalen Sumatra Java 1849 Blume 0000 s.n. Vorderman BO 0000 s.n. 1899 Boorman BO 106 1852 587 Hoya polystachya Blume 12678 (B) I believe det. incorrectly below. Im. ^ tij f i? w- %-£■ WHEi Eat nAM Kf • -! S*J» *3- ■ ;■■: JaidJJi**, ■•-JiPfcWI-rtr frljp (»w i«r '■* 7JUS»*irl*sJ 1 f #C*q4;?3««'t % Dir. is -11-iSiii.-; ML 2» Witli f^UiTd 588 Flowers and cutting sent by Ted Green. Kaaawa HI. in September 2004. Multiple peduncles. Retinaculum length 0.15 mm. shoulders 0.17 cm. waist 0.04 mm. hip 0.05 mm. extensions 0.05 mm. Translators length 0.09 mm. depth 0.06 mm. Caudicle bulb 0.06 mm. Pollinia here a little longer than my clone above. The retinaculum Here appears to be twisted on it's axis. Poolinia length 0.45 mm widest 0.25 mm 589 Hoya pusilla Rintz 1978 Type description: In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 492-493. R. E. Rintz. 7) Hoya pusilla Rintz, sp. nov.* Type: Malaysia, Pahang, Sungai Tahan, Rintz 55 (L). — FIG. 1 1. Distinguishing Features: STEMS thin. LEAVES very similar to those of H. lacunosa ; fleshy, ob lanceolate with acuminate bases and thickened margins; up to 8cm long by 3cm wide. PEDUNCLE reflexed, rigid, up to 5cm long. UMBEL positively-geotropic, concave with rigid, curved pedicels c. 2mm — 2.5cm long; 1-30 flowers, open 4 days. COROLLA with only a sparse ring of long hairs inside at the base of the lobes, otherwise glabrous; c. 4mm diam; white or pale pink. CORONA very small and blunt; upper lobe pink or red, lower lobe white. CAUDICLES broadly winged. Ecology: Endemic to Malaysia and known only from lowland forest along the Sungai Tahan, Pahang. The roots are often associated with ant nests. *Hoya pusilla Rintz, sp. nov., caulibus angustis, foliis ad eos H. lacunosae similimis, carnosis oblanceolatis, marginibus incrassatis; pedunculo reflexo rigido, umbello concavo, pedicellis curvatis 1-30-floribusi; corolla intus sparse longe-hirsuto e basin lobi, cetera glabra, albo vel albi-roseo; corona obtuse minimo lobo superiori verage, inferior! albo; caudiculis late alatis. TYPUS: Rintz 55 (Pahang), Sg. Tahan, K. Puteh, 100m alt., 4-6-1976 (L! ). Translation: branches narrow, leaves from the East similar to H. lacunosa, fleshy oblanceolate, margins thickened; peduncles rigid reflexed, umbels concave, pedicels curved 1 to 30 flowered; corolla inside at the base of the lobes with sparse long hirsute, otherwise glabrous, white or whitish rose; Corona obtuse very small upper lobe rose, lower lobe white; caudicles broadly winged. 590 i ig. II lioya pt/'iHd Rintr a) hahit; b)1 tlnuer Lfi top view, c i (lower in si.de view Jj Corofii- bottom view c) flower in median s,eciion f* iwun^oltmti. From Horn 55. the type. 591 Hoya pusilla Rintz, 1978, Type # 55 (KLU) tiora or v/N a ■* Hoya pusilla Rintz 1978 : Malay sis, Pahang, Surigai, Tahan, Rintz 55 (L) Altitude 100m 593 From the type description LEAVES very similar to those of H. lacunosa ; fleshy, oblanceolate with acuminate bases and thickened margins; up to 8cm long by 3cm wide. Note: Blades are pinnately nerved (obscure) roughly 5 per side and at fairly wide angles. Petioles are curved, about 0.9 cm. long and 0.25 cm. in diameter and are grooved above. 594 Hoya pusilla Rintz, Holotype # 55 (UPM) 595 Hoya pusilla Rintz, Holotype # 55 (UPM) FUttL* OF MAlAYA ■ WdPJi iAHfliiVr ■?* r|if u i® J ■ ^ ® 596 Hoya recurvula Kloppenburg 2000 Type description: In Fraterna 13, 4Q, 9-12, 2000 Hoya recurvula Kloppenburg sp. nov. Hoya acutae Haworth affinis, sed externus apices coronae recurvus. Intus corollae verage us, extus glabrous. Typus (UC) #81009 ex hort. Dale Kloppenburg, Fresno, California. From Southern Malaysia. Related to Hoya acuta Haworth but the outer coronal lobe apex here is bent back at a sharp angle, otherwise coronal scales are horizontal, slightly concave on the dorsal side with inner apex slightly raised, short and dentate. The imier apex does not reach the center. Corolla revolute at maturity, pale yellow, glabrous outside, inside finely pubescent (puberulent). This is a vineing climber well leaved with pairs of lanceolate foliage, 8.0 - 12.0 cm. long by ca. 3.5 cm. wide held mostly upright along the stem; Hat to slightly curved, apex acute. Petiole, terete, at first bronze-green becoming corky with age, terete, curved, no groove, about 5 mm. in diameter. The rachis bears fascicled clusters of flowers. Blades dull deep green above with this surface splotched with silvering and rose markings, below more pale; veins visible in young foliage, pinnate to anastomosing but enervis with age. Edges entire. Peduncles usually with 12 to 24 flowers ca. 6.0 cm. long curved held perpendicular, rachis with pedicel clusters. Pedicels straight, terete, glabrous 2.7 cm. long 0.11 cm. in diameter. Calyx small, short, granulate outer surface with a few hair cells, inside glabrous, membranous. Sepals barely visible (more like protuberances). 0.15 cm. long widest 0.19 cm., variable, 1/3 overlap, ligules at base of ovaries short 0. 1 5 cm. high and 0. 1 1 wide at the base of pah'. Corolla: Sinus to sinus Sinus to center Sinus to apex Widest (lobes) Center to apex 0.38 cm. 0.33 cm. 0.45 cm. So cut more than halfway. 0.50 cm. 0.70 cm. so diameter of flower flattened is 1.40 cm. Corona: channeled below, edges of grove finely and deeply sulcate, apical area open, acute. Column ca. 0.05 cm. tall 0.14 cm. across, anther wings extended and narrow. Dorsal surface also sulcate and concave near the inner apex center a small umbo, inner apex short, dentate, does not reach center but inner apex raised above the anthers. Outer apex sharply recurved at maturity, acute. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest (scale) Anther wing to aw. Retinaculum to ret. 0.34 cm. 0.38 cm. so the diameter is 0.76 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.10 cm. 597 Anther wing to ret. 0.10 cm. Pollinarium: Very long rather narrow pollinia, outer apex rounded and tapering inward. Pellucid margine on outside with a small tapering vacuole. Retinacula large, heavy thick translatore and small amber nearly clear caudicles. Pollinia Retinacula Translators Caudicle bulb 0.59 mm. long; widest 0.25 mm. 0.25 mm. long, shoulders 0.12 mm wide, hip 0.09 mm.; waist slightly wider 0.13 mm. long, 0.07 mm. thick, granular surface. 0.05 mm. diameter. Side view of the pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 16X. Sepals are flat, granulose outside with a few scattered hairs, inside glabrous. Ovaries are dome shaped, short and with wide base. Ligules are present but difficult to decerne. Top view of the calyx enlarged about 16X. The edges are sparsely ciliate, bases of sepals overlap very little, texture is membranous. 598 Inside and outside surfaces of the corolla enlarged about 15X. Inside surface is puberulous and outside is glabrous. Corolla lobes are deeply cut, broad with an acute apex, the area around the central collar is somewhat thickened. Top view of the flower enlarged about 15X. The outer lobe of the corona exceed the corolla sinus and are turned under. The inner lobe of the corona is short, dentate and does not nearly reach the crown center where the anthers are exposed. Anther wings are narrow (not doubled) and slightly exceed the cleft. 599 Bottom and top views of the corona enlarged about 15X. The outer apex is seen curving under over the channeled base. These surfaces are finely sulcate above and below. The dorsal surface is slightly concave with a low umbo toward the inner apex which here is very short, dentate and well short of the center. Side view of a individual scale enlarged about 16X. Note the curved under outer apex, a scale which is not very thick and a curved up inner apex (dentate) not reaching the center where the anther is extended. 600 A view of the pollinarium enlarged about 165X. The pollinia are long and narrow, the translators are thick with small caudicles. The retinaculum is fairly large with a broad shoulder area, hips not much enlarged, (to save room I have this laying on its side). 601 Hoya recurvula Kloppenburg 2000 Type: #81009 (UC) 602 From the type description Well leaved with pairs of lanceolate foliage, 8.0 - 12.0 cm. long by ca. 3.5 cm. wide, held mostly upright along the stem; flat to slightly curved, apex acute. Petiole terete, at first bronze-green becoming corky with age, curved, no groove above, 2.5 cm. long, about 0.5 cm. in diameter. Note: Nerves very branched and broken up, netted. 603 Hoya revoluta Wight ex Hooker 1883 Type description: In Flora of British India 4 (1883) 55. Wight (J. D. Hooker). 10. H. revoluta, Wight mss.; quite glabrous, leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate very thick and fleshy, margines strongly recurved, peduncles long slender, corolla revolute villous within, column conical. Wall. Cat. 8160 b. Malacca, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1127). Singapore, Wallich. Stems climbing. Leaves 1 Vi - 3 in., midrib and nerves not visible, base acute; petiole 1/8- 1/6 in., very thick. Peduncle equaling the leaves; pedicels very slender. Sepals ovate. Corolla 1/8 in. diam., pink. Corona-processes membranaceous, united into a conical vertically 5-lobed column, each lobed again, longitudinally folded and produced upwards into an acute point. Other literature: In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Bengal Branch 74/2 (1903) 578. '‘Flora of the Malayan Peninsula” King & Gamble. 20. Hoya revoluta, Wight MS.; Hook. f. in FI. Br. Ind. IV. 55 (1883). A twining epiphytic undershrub, occasionally rooting, from the nodes; branchlets slender, terete, glabrous. Leaves very thick and fleshy; orate or ovate-lanceolato, acuminate at apex, rather abruptly acute and attenuate at base; both surfaces glabrous, very pale when dry and more or less shining; margins strongly recurved; 1.5 to 3 in. long, .75 to 1 in. broad; midrib and main nerves (3 to 4 pairs at about 60°) only occasionally, and then very faintly, visible when dry; petiole very thick, .1 to .15 in. long. Umbels on a 2 to 4 in. long peduncle, ending in a thick strobilate rachis .5 in. long with cushion-like minute bracts; pedicels of various lengths, .25 to 1 in. long, filiform; buds small, round, depressed, 1 in. in diam.; flowers small, pink, or white with pink tips. Calyx rotate; lobes oblong, obtuse, .02 in. long; scales small, flat. Corolla .125 in. in diam., with a slight raised fold at the mouth of the tube; lobes triangular, as long as tube. Corona of 5 membranous processes united into a conical vertically 5-lobed column, each again lobed and produced upwards in an acute point. Staminal -column very shortly stalked; anthers inflexed; appendages acuminate, membranous; pollen-masses oblong, obtuse, attached by short thick caudicles to the small pollen-carriers. Style-apex deeply 5-lobed, with a conical apiculus. Fruit not known. *//. ovalifolia , Wall. Cat 8160B. Perak: in Larut 3962 and at Relan Tujor, Wray 1902; Scortechini. Malacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1127, 1129, 1123 (part). Singapore: Wallich 8160B. Wray No. 3962, from Blanda, Mabok Plains, Larut, is a fruiting specimen which vary possibly belong to H. revoluta , Wight; but the leaves are lanceolate and not ovate, and the flowers are described as yellow instead of pink. The following is the description: — A climbing undershrub; branches terete, pale brown. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous when dry; lanceolate, acuminate at apex, narrowed at base; glabrous on both surfaces; margins strongly recurred; 1.5 to 2 in. long, .5 to 7.5 in. broad; midrib and main nerves only very faintly visible when dry, the latter curving upwards at an acute angle; petiole very thick, .25 in. long on a much enlarged base. Flowers not seen. Follicle lanceolate, poniard-shaped, acutely angled, 2.5 in. long, 4 in. broad; pericarp thick. Seeds very small, 604 . 1 in. long, trigonous-oblong with a broad truncate apex, bearing, a white silky coma 1 to 1.5 in. long; testa thin, brown; albumen rather thick; cotyledons elliptic, .02 in. long, radicle 01 in. long, flattened perpendicularly to the cotyledons. From the key: cotyledons elliptic, .02 in. long; radicle .01 in. long, flattened perpendicular to the cotyledons. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, margines very strongly recurved 20. H. revoluta 0.D This number and species was evidently picked up from Flora Bri. Ind. Where Hooker mentions this sp. and number. They have nothing in common. Hooker made the mistake and King picked it up. In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 57 (1910) 71. H. Ridley. H. revoluta Wt. Kuala Kenering. In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 401-402. H. Ridley. (23) H. revoluta Wight in Hook. 111. F. B. I. iv. 55; King, l.c. Slender twiner. Leaves very thick fleshy, ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate, base acute, edges strongly recurved, 1.5 to 3 in. long, -75 to 1 in. wide; petioles very thick, .15 in. long. Peduncles 2 to 4 in. long; rachis lengthening to .5 in. long. Flowers small pink or white tipped pink, on filiform pedicels. Corolla .125 in. across; lobes triangular. Corona-processes forming a conic column, 5-lobed. Hab. In forests, Singapore (Wallich, H. ovalifolia , 8160 b); Woodlands. Pahang, Tahan River. Malacca (Maingay). Selangor, Kwala Lumpur; Gunong Semangkok at 4000 ft. altitude (Ridley). Perak, Kwala Kenering; Maxwell’s Hill; Relau Tujor (Wray). Perlis, Bukit Lagi. Kelantan, Kwala Lebir. King mentions a fruiting plant from Blanda Mabok (Wray) with lanceolate leaves as doubtful, but the upper leaves are often lanceolate, and he is probably correct in his identification. The leaves in some forms are very thick, with a recurved edge, and in Maingay’ s specimen the corolla appears to be pubescent, but it is generally glabrous. From his key: Leaves ovate or lanceolate; flowers rather small, edges of leaf thickened. In Malayan Nature Journal 30(3/4) (1978) 489-490. R. E. Rintz. 5) Hoya revoluta Wight, F. B. I. IV (1883) 55. *Type: Malaysia, Melaka, Maingay 1127 (K). Distinguishing Features: STEMS thin. LEAVES fleshy, elliptical with long-attenuate bases and ridged margins up to 8cm long by 4 cm wide. PEDUNCLE reflexed, rigid, up to 5cm long UMBEL positively-geotropic, concave with rigid, curved pedicels 2mm-5cm long; 1 - 30 flowers, open 4 days. COROLLA finely pubescent inside with a low ridge inside near the base of the tube; c. 5mm diam; pale pink. CORONA lower lobe divaricate at the tip; upper lobe deep red or not, lower lobe white or pale pink. CAUDICLES broadly winged. FOLLICLE c. 25cm long by 2mm diam. Ecology: Common in lowland and hill forests throughout the peninsula; common on limestone hills and often along beaches; not often fruiting. Distribution: S. Thailand, Laos, Sumatra, Borneo, Java. From his key: 7a. Leaf base long-attenuate; outermost pedicels long-filiform. 605 * Type is Wall. Cat. 8160B not Maingay 1127 (K). £■](!. 9, Hnyj tttiiluta Wight, a) habit; b) fruk, c) flower in top view, d.' flower in ^de view, c) corona, bottom view* f) flower in median section, g) nv:n polling bruin flinf; / N 606 In Austrobaileya 3(4) (1992) 638-639. “Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Hoya R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) in Papuasia”. P. I. Forster & D. J. Liddle. 4. Typification and synonymy of Hoya revoluta Wight ex J. D. FTook. Hoya revoluta Wight ex J. D. Flook., in. Brit. India 4: 55 (1883). Type: Malaysia. Malacca 10 November 1867, A. C. Maingay 1127 (lecto: K!, fide Rintz, Malay. Nat. J. 30 486(1978)). Hoya inconspicua Hemsley, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 213 (1894), synon. Nov Type: Solomon Islands, Officers of FI.M.S. Penguin (holo: K!). Hoya litoralis Schltr, In Schumann & Lauterb,, Nachtrage FI. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 363 (1905), synon. Nor. Type: Papua New Guinea. Madang Province: Auf Baiimen am Strande von Potsdam Hafen, 16 October 1901, R. Schlechter 13675 (halo: B (photo at BRI!)). Forster & Liddle, Austrobaileya 3: 228-229 (1990). Hoya dodecatheifl ora Fosb., Lloydia 3: 118 (1940), synon. Nov. Type: Solomon Islands. TEMOTU PROVINCE: Santa Cruz Islands, Vanikoro, Tevia Bay, 6 May 1933, Stewart (halo: BISH n. v.). Additional selected specimens. Malaysia. JOHORE: between G. Blumut & G. Bechua, May 1923, Ffolttum 10844 (K); Bukit Paloh Estate, Apr 1958, Shah & Kadim 390 (K,L); Kg. Hubang Development Area, 100 m. s. Endau Road, Jul 1959, Burkill 1904 (L). Selangor: Sg. Buloh, R.R.l.E.E. Forest Reserve, Nov 19S6, Burkill & Shah 1066 (K,L). Indonesia. Sumatra. Vicinity of Aek Mocute (Aer Moette) Asahan, NE of Tomeean Dolok & W of Salabat, Jul 1936, Bocea 9335 (L); Mt Sago near Pajakumbuh, Jun 1956, Meijer 5099 (L). Borneo. Central Kutei, Belajan R., near Kembang Djangut, May 1955, Kostermans 10692 (L)- West Kiter, Mt Palimasan near Tabang on Belajan Riser, Sep 1956, Kostermans 12751 (L). Irian Jaya. East bank of Merauke River, S of Seoajo, Aug 1954, van Royen 4668 (A,CANB,L); Merauke River, West bank between Djedjoerah & Eramboe, Aug 1954, In Royen 4812 (CANB,L). Papua Ned Guinea. West New Britain: Nantambu, Feb 1971, Lelean & Stevens LAE51180 (L,LAE). WESTERN Province. 8 miles 113 km] S of Morehead Patrol Post, Trans-Fly area, Aug 1967, Paymans 291 (CANB), Weam, Jul 1967 Ridsdale NGF33505 (BO,CANB,E,LAE, K no..). Solomon Islands Guadalcanal Province: Mt Austen area, Jun 1991, Forster 8608, 8612 & Liddle (BRI); NW of Tinomeat Village, Goldridge area, Jun 1991, Forster 8722 & Liddle (BRI,K); NW Guadalcanal, Mataniko’o River, Nov 1967 Nakisi et al. BSIP8246 (BSIP,K,L). Malaita Province: Malaita, Are-are diet., Moka village, Nov 1965, Huni 3080 (K). M A KIR A Province: San Cristobal, Kira Kira, Aug 1932, Brass 2761 (A,L). Temotu Province Santa Cruz Group, Vanikoro Island, Dec 1928, Kajewski (K); Luendambu area, Tomotu Noi, Apr 1972, Powell BSIP 19500 (BISH, BS1P, CANB, L). Notes: Like H. pottsii , H. revoluta has a very wide graphic distribution from Malaysia (Rintz 1978), through Malesia to New Guinea, Solomon Islands and northern Queensland. Once again, this species has been formally renamed in various geographic regions of its occurrence, e.g. H. inconspicua Hemsley (Hemsley 1894) and H. dodecatheiflora Fosb (Fosberg 1940) from Solomon Islands and H. litoralis Schltr. From New Guinea (Schlechter 1905). The type of H. inconspicua is notable for its very long leaves and the type of H. dodecatheiflora , as illustrated by Fosberg (1940), for a more raised style-head in relation to the anthers than is typical in H. revoluta from Malesia. 607 Examination of many flowering plants in Solomon Islands shows that there are plants with both long and short leaves. Hence this character is unreliable for species distinction. Some plants have raised style-heads whereas others did not. However, there are numerous intermediates and this character is also unreliable for distinguishing species. Hence there is no justification for recognition of these taxa at specific rank distinct from H. revoluta s. lat. However, further fieldwork and cultivation under uniform conditions of plants of known origin from throughout the range of H. revoluta , may well produce data that justifies an intraspecific taxonomy based on vegetative characters, similar to that proposed for H australis (Forster & Liddle 1991). H. revoluta appears to be a commonly collected species that occurs in lowland riverine and coastal situations throughout its geographic range. Compilers note: Hoy a revoluta Wight is not at all like Hoy a litoralis and not Hoy a inconspicua , neither of which have a skirt on the coronal lobes among other differences. This is another example of these authors indiscriminate lumping without adequate species comparisons. It is not a widespread species, actually pretty localized. One does not need to use vegetative characters as suggested above except as secondary characters. The floral parts alone show wide divergences and for the most part should be used by plant taxonomists in their determinations. Here they have followed Rintz with the incorrect type number (unless Dr. Rintz discovered the original was destroyed but he did not so state). In Hoya Section Acanthostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg (1994) 106-108. R. D. Kloppenburg. Hoya revoluta Wight in Flora of British India 4 (1883) 55. Citation is in English as follows: H. revoluta Wight manuscripts; quite glabrous, leaves ovate or ovate- lanceolate acuminate very thick and flashy, margins strongly recurved, peduncles long and slender, corolla revolute villous within, column conical. Malacca, Griffith, Maingay (Kew distribution 1127). Singapore, Wallich. Stem climbing, leaves 1.5-3”, midrib and nerves not visible, base acute; petiole 1/8 -1/6 inches, very thick. Peduncle equaling the leaves (in length); pedicels very slender. Sepals ovate. Corolla .125” in diameter, pink. Coronal-processes membranaceous, united into a conical vertically 5-lobed column, each lobed again, longitudinally folded and produced upwards into an acute point. There seems to be no conflict in King and Gamble's (1908) description of this species which adds more detail as follows: A twining epiphytic undershrub, occasionally rooting from the nodes; branches slender, terete, glabrous. Leaves very thick and fleshy; ovate or ovate- lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, rather abruptly acute and attenuate at base; both surfaces glabrous, very pale when dry and more or less shining; margins strongly recurved; 1.5-3” long, .75-1” broad; midrib and main nerves (3-4 pairs at about 60 degrees) only occasionally, and then very faintly, visible when dry; petiole very thick, 0.1 -.15” long. Umbels on a 2-4” long peduncle, ending in a thick strobilate rachis .5” long, filiform; buds with pink tips. Calyx rotate; lobes oblong, obtuse, .02” long; scales small, flat. Corolla .125” in diameter, with a slight raised fold at the mouth of the tube; lobes triangular, as long as the tube. Corona of 5 membranaceous processes united into a conical vertically 5-lobed column, each again lobed and produced upwards in an acute point. Staminal-column very shortly stalked; anthers inflexed; appendages acuminate, 608 membranaceous; pollen-masses oblong, obtuse, attached by short thick caudicles to the small pollen carriers. Style-apex deeply 5-lobed, with a conical apiculus. Fruit not known. H. ovalifolia , Wall. Cat. 8160b. This citation is a mistake picked up from Hooker in FBI. Perak: in Larut 3962 and at Relau Tujor, Wray 1902; Scortechini. Malacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1127, 1 129, 1123 (part). Singapore. Wallich 8160b. Rintz 's description in Malayan Nature Jour. 30 (1978) 26: Stem thin. Leaves flashy, elliptic with long attenuate bases and rigid margins up to 8 cm. long by 4 cm. wide. Peduncle reflexed, rigid, up to 5 cm. Long. Umbel positive geotropic, concave with rigid, curved pedicels 2 mm. - 5 mm. long; 1-30 flowers, open 4 days. Corolla finely pubescent inside with a low ridge inside near the base of the tube; c. 5 mm. diam.; pale pink. Corona lower lobe divaricate at the tip; upper lobe deep red or not, lower lobe white or pale pink. Caudicles broadly winged. Follicles c. 25 cm. long by 2 mm in diam. Other Citations: King & Gamble in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society’, Bengal Branch 74 (1908) 578,; Ridley in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits Branch 57 (1910) 71; Ridley in Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 401-402; Rintz in Malayan Nature Journal 30 Pt. 3-4 (1978) 25. Note: Index Kewensis cites H. revoluta Wight ex Decne. Prod viii. 636 however there is no description of this species in this work. Herbarium Sheets: Type #1127 Maingay 1883 (K) Malaysia, Malacca. Griffith; Maingay #1129, #1123; Wallich #8 160b Singapore; Rintz #114 1978; 1902 Wray; #3962 Wray 1902 ? Blanda, Mabok Plains, Larut. #20517 (BO), In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 92. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. 29. H. revoluta Wight. In FBI 4 (1883) 55. FMP 2 (1923) 401; Malay. Nat. J. 30 (1978) 489, Fig. 9. Occurrence: (PEN ): Songkhla, Yala. Notes: Stem slender; leaf base attenuate, upper surface scabrous, slightly shining; pedicels from 1 cm in center of umbel up to 5 cm in peripheral rows, strongly recurved; flower about 5 mm dia. When fully expanded. If what we are depicting as H. revoluta is this species it is a mystery to me why the type description and most subsequent ones did not mention the very distinctive and unusual flower cluster with its irregular length pedicels and the fact that new flowers are forming in the cluster center as outer flowers are mature and fully open. Rintz in Malayan Nature Journal 2 (1923) 489-490 depicted our species perfectly (0.2 cm-5cm. long) and O. Thaithong Taxonomy & Phytochemistry (1995) 92 (pedicels from 1 cm. in center to 5 cm. in peripheral rows). Both did not mention the skirt as an unusual feature. Our species has a ragged concave geotropic cluster. Digital photos of the floral parts Flowers sent from Singapore by Kim F. Yap July 2003 Collected at Pahang, Malaysia. 609 The floral clusters of this species are very loose with varying length pedicels in a geotropic cluster. There appear to be 16 flowers in the cluster. Photos by Kim F. Yap. 610 Side view of a flower. The corolla is tightly revolute from a curved glabrous, terete pedicel. The corona covers a sunken impression in the flower center lined with short hirsute cells with a thickened pentagonal surrounding region. The crown is a raised central cone. ◄—0.15 cm. 0.19 cm. — ► Pedicel and calyx side view enlarged about 16X. Pedicels are of various lengths 1.0 - 2.0 cm. long x 0.07 cm. in diameter, curves forming a loose geotropic umbel, terete, glabrous, slightly larger at the peduncle end. Outside view of the calyx cut from the pedicel greatly enlarged. Calyx is small and flat. Sepals do not reach the corolla sinuses. Glabrous both surfaces but outer surface is finely granulose, central portion thickened, broadly linear. Base - apex 0.11 cm. Center - apex 0.15 cm. Base width 0.07 cm. 611 Inside view of the calyx. Ligules are present but difficult to detect, as they are the same color and texture as the sepals. Base of the sepals are very slightly overlapped. In removing the pedicel and calyx the ovaries remain with the corolla. Outside surface of the corolla greatly enlarged. The corolla lobes are tightly revolute. The rolled under portions are glabrous on all surfaces, as is the outer surface. In the digital photos the light shins through the surface to reveal features of the opposite surface, here puberulous (central portion). Sinus-sinus 0.17 cm. Sinus - center 0.15 cm. Widest 0.22 cm. Apex - sinus 0.3 1cm. Apex - center 0.42 cm. cut over half way, diameter flattened is 0.84 cm. a small flower. Inside view of the corolla. This species like its country cousin Hoya plicata King & Gamble has a thickened pentagonal ring under the corona on this inner surface. The surface inside the ring is sunken and very hirsute, the rolled edges outside are puberulous and the lobes are glabrous. The thickened apical points are toward the corolla sinuses but do not extend to the sinuses. The corona is extended on a narrow column (not shown here. 612 Central column with ovaries internally, greatly enlarged, some preserving liquid partially fills the lower right side. Ovaries are long and tapered, a cylindrical column. Corona greatly enlarged. A surprising find here this species is intermediate between two sections (Otostemma and Acanthostemma) like H. lacunosa it has the skirt visible between the coronal lobes and also the bilobes typical of species like H. bilobata. The inner lobes here are thick spatulate, the outer apex narrowly rounded and blunt. The side lobes arise at the retinacular area well toward the inner apices and extent well beyond the scale outer apex. Another unusual aspect is these bilobes extend in a vertical manner (widest vertically). The skirt is also unusual having a granulose surface texture. The anthers exceed the inner lobes slightly. Another view showing the inner lob apex more clearly. The retinaculum is well up on the crown. Apex - apex 0.15 cm. Apex - end 0.18 cm. Apex - center 0.17 cm. Center - end 0.21 cm. Widest (scale top) 0.05 cm Width 0.09 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.06 cm. Ret. - center 0.05 cm. ret. - Aw. 0.05 cm. 613 Bottom view of the corona with its skirt and also short groove formed by the extended and curved coronal bilobes. The channel is proportionately shorter here than on most Acanthostemma section hoy as. This whole structure sits over the depression in the corolla center and supported by the narrow column surrounding the ovaries. The skirt is lobed at its center on each pentagonal side, not cut deeply as in some Otostemma species. Side view of a coronal scale greatly enlarged. Note the dorsal surface of the scale has an unusual pleated surface. Outer scale apex ends abruptly surrounded by the two bilobes, which meet at their apexes, they extend from an area opposite the retinacula. The inner apex is thickly spatulate and is exceeded by the anther. The anther wings are narrow and can be seen along the lower edge of the bilobed. Some columnar tissue is attached as well as the granular surfaced skirt section. The pentagonal based raised stylar crown. The head here is domed and mealy in structure the ridges leading to the stylar crown edges where the retinacula and stigmas are located can be seen running up the below the crown head. 614 The pollinarium enlarged about 165X. The pollinia inner apexes are truncated inwardly. The translators are long and with bulb-like outer apexes. The clear caudicle is clearly defined. The retinaculum has a broad head and well developed extensions. Pollinia length 0.27 mm. widest 0.12 mm. Retinacula length 0.07 mm shoulder 0.03 mm waist 0.02 mm. hip 0.03 mm. ext. 01 mm. Translators length 0.12 mm. widest 0.03 mm. Caudicle bulb diameter 0.05 mm. The following citations may or may not be Hoy a revolute Wight ex Hooker. Naam : HOYA revoluta Wight herbariumnr.Lugd.Bat. : 951.304-403 herkomst : Borneo verzamelaar : F.H.endert, expeditie Midden Oost Borneo 1925 verzamelnr. : 2826 verzameldatum : 23-8-1925 verzameld onder naam : H.spec. ex herbarium : Bogor 615 groeiplaats : Central East Borneo, W.Koetai; no.24/25, near L.Iboet, 250 m. groeiomstandigheden ; forest, tree on hillridge, epiphytic climber bijzondere opmerkingen: determinate : R.e.Rintz 1977 verage aantekeningen : Een overzicht van de geconserveerde specima uit de geslachten HOYA EN DISCHIDIA ( ASCLEP1ADACEAE ) in de collectie van het Rijksherbarium te Leiden, Nederland. Naam : HOYA revoluta Wight herbariumnr.Lugd.Bat. : 960.141-306 herkomst : Borneo verzamelaar : A.Kostermans verzamelnr. : 10.692 verzameldatum : 6-5-1955 verzameld onder naam : H.spec. ex herbarium : Bogor groeiplaats : East Borneo, Central Kutei, Belajan R.near Kembang Djangut groeiomstandigheden : low hills, sandy soil bijzondere opmerkingen: epiphyte, petals pinkish white, anthers dark red determinate : R.e.Rintz 1977 verage aantekeningen : Een overzicht van de geconserveerde specima uit de geslachten HOYA EN DISCHIDIA ( ASCLEPIADACEAE ) in de collectie van het Rijksherbarium te Leiden, Nederland. Naam : HOYA revoluta Wight 616 herbariumnr.Lugd.Bat. : 960.113-123 herkomst : Borneo verzamelaar : A.Kostermans verzamelnr. : 12751 verzameldatum : 7-9-1956 verzameld onder naam : H.spec. ex herbarium : Bogor Belajan river alt. 100 m. : East Borneo, West Kutei, Mt.Palimasan near Tabang on groeiomstandigheden : Acid, sandy soil bijzondere opmerkingen: climber, flowers pinkish inside, cream outside determinatie : R.e.Rintz verage aantekeningen : Een overzicht van de geconserveerde specima uit de geslachten HOYA EN DISCHIDIA ( ASCLEP1ADACEAE ) in de collectie van het Rijksherbarium te Leiden, Nederland. Naam : HOYA revoluta Wight herbariumnr.Lugd.Bat. : 958.122-440 herkomst : Sumatra verzamelaar : Rahmat Si Boeea verzamelnr. : 9335 verzameldatum : 15-5/9-6-1936 verzameld onder naam : H.spec. sarindan na boeroek ex herbarium : Plants of Sumatra East Coast, distr.by H.H.Barlett, University of Michican 617 groeiplaats : vicinity of Aek Moente (Aer Moette), Asahan (north east of Tomoean Dolok and west of Salabat, alt.ca.500 m. Topografic sheet 21 south center) groeiomstandigheden : bijzondere opmerkingen: determinatie : R.e.Rintz 1977 verage aantekeningen : Een overzicht van de geconserveerde specima uit de geslachten HOYA EN DISCHIDIA ( ASCLEPIADACEAE ) in de collectie van het Rijksherbarium te Leiden, Nederland. Herbarium Sheets Hoya revoluta Wight Type 8160b Wallich Eloya revoluta Wight Malacca 1127 Griffith (K) Hoya revoluta Wight Malacca 1129 Griffith Hoya revoluta Wight Malacca 1123 Griffith Hoya revoluta Wight ? Perak Tujor 3962 1902 Wray Hoya revoluta Wight Blanda, Mabok Plains 20517 Larut (BO) Hoya revoluta Wight 114 1976 Rintz (UPM) Hoya revoluta Wight 20317 1928 Hoya revoluta Wight Kelantan 95 1980 (KLU) Hoya revoluta Wight Sungai 120 1976 Rintz (UPM) Hoya revoluta Wight 822 1979 Kiew (UPM) 618 Hoya revoluta specimen from Negeri Senbilan, Malasia from Kim Yap 19 Sept. 2003 Nearly the same as the specimens from Pahang shown above. Peduncles: curved of various lengths longest about 2.8 cm. long glabrous not granulose, smooth 0.07 cm. in diameter. Calyx: small Apex - base 0.05 cm. Apex - center 0.09 cm. Widest 0.07 cm. Corolla: revolute, inside finely puberulous and pentagonally thickened in the central region and concave, outside glabrous. 619 A view of a flower with c portions of the corona striped greatly enlarged to show one scale to the right with its attendant skirt, stylar crown (knobbed) in the center top. And the long supporting column. Column 0.15 cm. long 0.10 cm. in diameter at the base. Another view of a flower corona with its skirt and long supporting column Apex - apex Apex - end Apex - center Widest 0.17 cm. 0.22 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.07 cm. A top view of the corona again greatly enlarged. The inner lobes are narrowly spatulate, outer lobe narrowing to a small rounded apex and exceeded by the bilobes which meet at their tips. In between each scale is a nearly translucent skirt with pebbled surface. Skirt begins inward at the ends of the Anther wings. The small dark retinacula are visible. 620 A side view of an individual corona scale greatly enlarged. The anther barely exceeds the scale’s inner spatulate lobe. Dorsal is domed and surface is finely pebbled (granulose) and slopes downward between the bilobes which meet at their apices. Translucent skirt plainly depicted below. A close up digital photo of the outer scale apex disappearing between the two bilobes (lower right) and the beautiful skirt meeting (lower left). Note the crystalline texture of the skirt. Pollinarium greatly enlarged. One pollinia missing. Each fine line in the background scale represents 1/100 of a millimeter. 621 Hoya revoluta Wight, 1883, # 1 14 (UPM) 622 Hoya revoluta var. deficens Kloppenburg Hoya sp. VL-9 via Lise Rastrup Larsen Denmark Species collected by Arne Kastberg of Sweeden Note: not published: Vine with opposite leaves, milky sap. Leaves small ovate cupped downward, upper surface deep green with silvering splotches, lower surface dull light green, surfaces very finely puberulent as are the stems. Leaf edges slightly turned under. Mostly 3.5 cm. long by 0.1.7 cm widest. Petioles slightly curved, terete, about 0.6 cm. long, same size as stem or a little larger in diameter. Peduncle: very long curved 8.0cm. terete, glabrous, very finely punctate, 0.08 cm. in diameter, enlarging to 0.19 cm near the rachis. First flowering, pedicel bases with ear like bracts subtending them. Flower side view enlarged about 8X. Pedicels curved, of varying lengths. 0.40 cm. - 2.5 cm. long, 0.07 cm. in diameter, to make a flat cluster of flowers, glabrous, terete. Pedicel with calyx enlarged about 8X. Calyx lobes are narrow triangular with a slight base overlap. Outside granulose inside slick and shiny. Ovaries are almost columnar to near bottle shaped 0.11 cm. tall and base pair 0.05 cm. wide, glabrous. Calyx top view enlarged about 16X. 623 Top inside view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Crown is raised high in the center, bilobed extensions extend nearly to the corolla sinuses. Corolla mostly revolute, inside finely puberulous, outside glabrous. Sinus - sinus 0.20 cm. Sinus - center 0.18 cm. Sinus - apex 0.15 cm. Apex - center 0.40 cm. Widest 0.23 cm. Apex - apex 0.18 cm. Apex - end 0.25 cm. Apex - center 0.18 cm. Widest 0.05 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.06 cm. Ret. - center 0.05 cm Aw. - aw. 0.10 cm. Aw. - center 0. 10 cm. Note the short column center left. Lobes are raises and keeled lengthwise, surfaces are finely granulose. Skewed view of the top of the corona enlarged about 16X. Inner apices are sharply and narrowly spatulate and do not cover the center. Outer apex ends abruptly between the two long bilobes that here are on the left twisting outward at the apices. Not there is little or no skirt between the scales as in Hoy a revoluta Wight. Individual scale side view enlarged about 32X for detail. Inner lobe is narrowly spatulate and is exceeded by the anther. Dorsal surface is finely granulose and domed with a central keel running the entire length. Outer apex ends abruptly between the two extended bilobes, they are not rounded as in the Type species an their outer apices are thin and acute, they fan out with a rudimentary shore skirt which does not extend to the next lobe. Anther wings are only slightly curved (scythe shaped). The column is relatively short. 624 Larsen, Denmark Following photos were taken by Lise Rastrup 625 Note the foliage of this specimen does not have the thickness nor the lacunose structure of the foliage as those above collected by Kim F. Yap (Singapore) collected in Malaysia. This clone has a typical floral cluster of Hoya revoluta Wight 626 627 Drawing in upper right corner of Wall Cat. 8106B. Drawing in lower right comer. Since the sheet is old and this is only a reduced photocopy sent via E-mail it lacks in clarity, but major features show (the central ring on the corolla, the skirt and others). At the least Maingay, a medical doctor, took the time to make drawings. A new clone of this species collected in October 2003 East coast of Malaysia 628 Hoya revoluta Wight, # 20317 (BO) 629 Hoya revoluta Wight, # 95 (KLU) 630 Hoya revoluta Wight, # 120 (UPM) i r auiijh ■ ■ a. I 631 Hoya revoluta Wight, # 822 (UPM) 632 Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble 1908 IPNI says 1097 Type description: In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 74 (1908) 575. “Flora of the Malayan Peninsula” King & Gamble. 18. Hoya Ridleyi, King & Gamble, n, sp. A twining epiphytic undershrub, rooting at intervals on the bark of trees; branchlets pale, terete, lanceolate, rather slender when dry. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous when dry, variable; ovate or ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute at apex, rounded or narrowed or sometimes uneata at base; both surfaces glabrous; margins recurved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1.25 to 1.75 in. broad; midrib slender. Faint, as are the nerves generally, even when dry; main nerves about 5 to 6 pairs, the lowest pair starting from the base and curving along the margin, the other nearly at right angles, quickly branching and joining the marginal one; reticulations irregular netted; petiole very thick, .25 to .75 in. long, broad at the junction of the blade. Umbels many-flowered, on .25 to .75 in. long rachises with small tubercles at the ends of stout lateral peduncles 1 to 4 in. long; pedicels slender, .5 to .75 in. long; buds flattened, .25 in. in diam. Calyx papillose without; lobes oblong, acute, .06 in. long; no scales. Corolla rugose without, puberulous within; lobes cordate, almost 3- pointed, points acuminate, especially the end one. Corona of 5 shining inflated processes; lower lobe horizontal, ovate, sharply acute, concave on the upper surface with a median ridge, 2-valved below; upper lobe on acute erect tooth, shorter than the anthers. Staminal- column short, inserted on the tube of the corolla, wings of filaments ear-like; anther cells divaricate; appendages scarious, acuminate, incurved; pollen-masses flattened, oblong, truncate at top; attached by short thick caudicles to the 3-lobed rounded rather large pollen-carriers. Style apex membranous, 5-angled; tip long conical. Fruit not known. Kedah; at Pulau Songsong, Curtis. Penang; Curtis; at Pulau Tikus, Ridley 9476. Perak; at Maxwell’s Hill, Ridley 5519. Singapore; at Grange Road, Ridley 10358. To this species belongs Curtis 2355 from Kwala Lumpor, Selangor, which has, however, smaller leaves, but with no flowers. Leaves moderate sized, usually under 5 in. in length and 1.75 in. in breadth; main nerves nearly at right angles to the midrib, rather faint on both surfaces... 18. H. Ridleyi. Other literature: In Kew Bulletin (1911) 418. Hoya Ridleyi, King & Gamble, Mat. Mai. Pen., 19, p. 575. Kedah, Pulau Songsong (ex Mat. Mai. Pen., l.c.). Distr. Malay Peninsula (ex Mat. Mai. Pen., lc.). In A Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 401. H. N. Ridley. (21) H. Ridleyi King & Gamble, l.c. 575. A long climber. Leaves fleshy coriaceous ovate to lanceolate or oblong acute, rounded or uneata at base; nerves (when dry) 5 to 6 pairs faint; 3 to 5 in. long, 1.25 to 1.75 in. wide; petioles very thick. .25 to .75 in. long. Corolla puberulous inside, .3 in. across, pearly pinkish white, lobes cordate, acute, short. Corona-lobes, lower sharply 633 acute. Hab. Common on trees in orchards and open country. Singapore, Tanglin; Kranji; *Blakang Mati, Johor, Pulau Tinggi (Fielding); Kota Tinggi. Malacca, Tanjong Kling. Dindings, Pangkor. Perak, Thaiping Hills 2400 ca. altitude. Penang, Pulau Tikus. Kedah, Pulau Song-Song (Curtis). Lankawi. Perlis, Kanga (Ridley). Distrib. South Siam. From the key: Lower coronal lobe thick and blunt. Leaves under 1.75 in. across; nerves inconspicuous when dry. ®. (Kim Yap) now named Pulau Sentosa. In Malayan Nature Handbooks, Common Wildflowers (1961) 26-27. M. R. Henderson; Ridley's Hoya (Hoya ridleyi) Alcar uneata, Akar serapat. This is one of those plants, so common in Malaya, that creep or perch on the branches of shrubs or trees but which do not take food the plants they live upon as the Mistletoes do. Ridley’s Hoya creeps and twines. Its thick and rather stiff leaves are more or less elliptical in outline with pointed tips and are usually about 2-4 inches long. The veins are hardly visible and the leafstalk is short and stout. The flowers radiate from the thickened and rough end of a stalk about 2 inches long, forming an umbrella-shaped bunch, the thickened part gradually lengthening as more flowers appear. Each flower is stalked and about 1/3 to 2/5 inch across. The 5 broad and pointed petals spread out flat and are pearly white or pinkish and the stamen are in the centre of the flower is star-shaped and of the same colour. The fruit pods are long and slender, reaching about 5-6 inches and have many plumed seeds. This Hoya is to be found on the trees in open paces all over the lowland, especially in orchards and gardens, on river hanks and near the sea. Several other kinds are common in similar places and one or two with rather large flowers are found on mangrove trees. Their stiff, waxy flowers are attractive and well worth a close examination. In Dictionary of the Royal Horticulture Society (1965). H. Ridleyi. 1. ovate to lanceolate or oblong, acute wedge-shaped at base, 3 to 5 in. long, fleshy, leathery; stalk thick. FI. pearly pinkish white; downy within; corona lobes sharply acute; umbels 3 in. across. Java on trees (F. d. S. 579.) In Illustrated Guide to Tropical Plants (1969) 667. Hutchinson. Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble. Large climber, white latex. Leaves 8 — 13 cm, fleshy. Flowers 8 — 9 mm wide, pinkish white. In Malayan Wild Flowers Dichotyledons (1974) 229-233. “Malayan Nature Society” M. R. Henderson. 5. H. ridleyi (Ridley’s Hoya). Fig. 282. Differs from H. diversifolia in the rather narrower and more pointed leaves, with the base usually narrowed, the pearly white or pinkish flowers about the same size, and the pointed, not blunt, white or pink processes from the stamen column. Common on river bank trees, on trees near sea, and on orchard trees. Named in other literature: 634 In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 398. H. Ridleyi. (11) H. perakensis Ridl. Journ. Roy. As. Soc. S. Br. 57, p. 70. Stems slender. Leaves coriaceous ovate acute, base broad truncate; nerves from base 5; 4.5 in long; raceme 1.25 in. long, 3 in wide; petioles .25 in long. Peduncles .75 in. long; racemes 1 .25 in. long, thick; pedicels .5 in. long. Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla .36 in. across, lobes triangular, pubescent outside only. Corona-lobes, lower horizontal lanceolate, upper tooth-like. Hab. Perak, Temengoh and Kwala Kenering (Ridley). Rare and local. In Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 40-41. Hoya parasitica (Roxb.) Wall ex Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 37 (1834); F. B. I. iv. 57; Mat. E, M. P., No. 19, 572 (782); F. M. P. ii 396; F. I. C. iv. 134, fig. 18. Hoya Ridleyi King et Gamble in Journ. AS. Soc. Beng. lxxiv, ii, 575 (1907) (Mat. F. M. P., No. 19, 575 (785)). Hoya globifera* Ridl. Journ. F. M. S. Mus. v. 164 (1915). Asclepias parasitica Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20 (1814), nomen tantum, et FI. Ind. ii. 42 (1832). F. K. V. x. 318; Ridl. ii 56, ii. 164 et iv 102; Craib I 418 et ii 134. Hoya sp. Ost. 7614. PAYAP. Doi Sutep, 330-660m, Kerr 1690! NAKAWN SAWAN.. Raheng, along river, Lindhard 47 (Herb. Copenhagen)! CHANT ABURI. Rayawng, Ban Pe, Put 2697 ! Kao Sabap, W. slopes, 15m., Seidenfaden 2677! Kaw Chang, Lem Dan, mangrove and littoral forest, Schmidt 138! 168! Kaw Chang, Klawng Mayom, Schmidt 607b! PRACHJNBURI. Sriracha, Nawng Nam Kio, 60m., Mrs. D. J. Collins 1257! KRUNGTEP. Bangkok, on fruit trees, Kerr 4226! 6963! Marcan 243! RACHABUR1. Bangtapan, Keith (ex Ridl.). SURAT. Kaw Tao, on rocks close to beach, Kerr 12711! Kaw Panang, Robinson 5756 (type! of Hoya globifera). Kaw Samui, Put 869! Robinson 5718! Kaw Prap, on trees by beach, Kerr 12529! PUKET. Pang-nga, Kao Yao Yai, on trees by beach and in scrub, Kerr 17494! 17565! Satul, Ban Tengah, Ridley 16346 et 16348 (Herb. Singapore!) Pulau Adang, Ridley 15854 (Herb. Singapore)! Lang-kawi, Curtis (Herb. Singapore)! Robinson! NAKAWN SR1TAMARAT. Singora, on bushes in sandy ground near sea, Kerr 15108! Distr. Bengal! (type), Assam! Burma! French Indo-China (ex (F. I. C.) Pen. Mai.! Local names: Lin hia ( ), Siamese, Bangkok; Nom mia ( ), Siamese, ex Put); Nom pichit ( ). Siamese, Rayawng (Ex Put); Nua matawrn ( ) , Lao, Chiangmai. This is a very variable species: the variations affecting the texture, shape, size and venation of the leaves, and to a less extent, the size of the flower and shape of the corolla lobes. As the writer has been unable to find good characters for distinguishing H. globifera* Ridl. and Hoya Ridleyi King et Gamble from Hoya parasitica , they are here included in that species. ** Several authors have regarded Hoya pallida Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 951 (1826) as synonymous with Hoya parasitica , while ignoring its priority. A It is probable, however, that Lindley’s plant is a distinct species. A reference to his plate shows that the leaves are penninerved, while the corolla is unlike that of H. parasitica ; Loureiro’s Stapelia cocliinchinensis , as represented by a sheet in the British Museum Herbarium, is Hoya parasitica as understood here. In view of the discrepancy between Loureiro’s description of the flowers of his species and the actual flowers on the sheet mentioned, his specific name is not taken up here. 635 Note: *the repeated mistake in the name of Ridley’s species. ** They also ignored the priority of H. acuta Haworth 1821. In Malayan Nature Journal 30 3A (1978) 514, 517. R. E. Rintz. 22a) Hoya parasitica (Roxburgh) Wallich ex Wight, Contr. 37 (1834). Type: E. India, Assam collector? (not seen). — FIG. 26. = H. ridleyi King & Gamble, JAS. Beng. IV (1903) 575. Type: Malaysia, Ridley (K). = H. globifera Ridley, J.F.M.S. Mus. V (1915)164. Type: Sumatra, Ridley (K). Distinguishing Features: Leaves fleshy, elliptical with uneata bases; c. 10cm long by 4cm wide; veins not easily seen. Peduncle horizontal, rigid, 3 — 5cm long. Umbel negatively-geotropic, convex with rigid, uniform pedicels c. 3cm long; 1-40 flowers, open 4 days. Corolla somewhat spreading, pubescent inside; c. 1.5cm diam., white. Corona upper lobe deep pink, lower lobe white. Follicle c. 12cm long by 4mm diam; often produced in large numbers. Ecology: All along the coasts from Fangkawi and Kota Baru to Singapore, often draping the trees in great abundance; rarely inland. Distribution: E. Borneo, Java (?), Sulawisi. Herbarium Sheets Hoya ridleyi K & G Penang, Pulau Tikus Type 9476 Ridley Hoya ridleyi K & G Perak, Maxwell’s Hill 5519 Ridley Hoya ridleyi K & G Singapore, Grange Road 10358 Ridley Hoya ridleyi K & G Kwala Lumpur 2355 Curtis Hoya ridleyi K & G 11954 1974 Ben C. Stone (KLU) Hoya ridleyi K & G 1974 (KLU) Hoya ridleyi K & G 8302? (KLU) Hoya ridleyi K & G Hoya ridleyi K & G Batu Feringgi 99662 1966 Selvara (SING) Hoya ridleyi K & G 5519 (SING) Hoya ridleyi K & G s.n. (SING) Hoya ridleyi K & G (SING) 636 Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble # (BO) 637 - . * Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble# 11954 (KLU) iu. ****** «pwl i#< * * 638 Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble # ... (KLU) Something wrong with this determination. 639 Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble # (KLU) * ( i 640 E Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble # (SING) 641 Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble #99662 (SING) 642 Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble #5519 (SING) 643 Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble #.... (SING) 644 Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble # (SING) 645 Hoya scortechinii King & Gamble 1903 Type description: In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch. 74/2 (1903) 567 (777). King & Gamble “Flora of The Malay Peninsula". 8. Hoya Scortechinii, King & Gamble, n. sp. An epiphytic shrub, rooting at intervals on the bark of trees; branchlets slender, terete, pale brown. Leaves thick, fleshy, drying coriaceous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at base, both surfaces glabrous, lower minutely glandular; Margins recurved, 2 to 3.5 in. long, .75 to 1.25 in. broad; nerves only visible when dry; midrib thick; main nerves 5 to 6 pairs at an angle of 50° to 60° with the midrib, branching early and anastomosing near the margin; reticulations transverse; petiole stout, Umbels apparently few-flowered, on stout (.25 in.) rachises with small tubercles at the ends of rather long (1 .5 to 4 in.) slender peduncles; pedicels slender, .5 to .75 in. long; buds hemispheric, 5-angled, flattened above, .25 in. in diam. Calyx small; lobes ovate, ciliate, membranous, glandular, recurved, .03 in. long. Corolla .5 to .6 in. in diam. when open, glabrous without, puberulous within; lobes ovate-acuminate, .2 in. long. Corona of 5 processes more or less upturned; lower lobes ovate, thick, very obtuse at tip, with a raised ovate ring above and deeply cleft valves below; upper lobe shorter than the anthers, erect, acute. Staminal-column short; anther-cells slightly divergent; appendages scarious, acuminate, pollen-masses thick, oblong, straight on inner side, attached by short caudicles embracing their base to the rather large conical pollen -carrier. Style-apex 5-lobed, acute at tip. Follicles (immature) 1 or 2, very slender, narrow; pericarp very thin, smooth. Seeds small, oblong, truncate at tip with a .75 in. long coma. Penang: John Scott. Perak: Scortechini 464, 1557. John Scott's specimen has rather thinner leaves, but this is probably only due to youth. His specimen bears no flowers, only young fruit, so we think it best not to couple his name with the species. Other descriptions: In A Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 400-401. H. N. Ridley. (20) H. Scortechinii King & Gamble, l.c. 567. Climbing and rooting. Leaves fleshy ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate, round or cordate, 2 to 3.5 in long, .75 to 1.25 in. wide; petioles .2 in. long. Peduncles 1.5 to 4 in. long. Calyx-lobes ovate. Corolla .5 to .6 in across, puberulous inside, lobes ovate acuminate. Corona-lobes, lower very blunt with a raise ovate ring above and deep cleft valves below, upper short tooth-like, shorter than stamens. Follicles very narrow, 1 or 2. Hab. Perak (Scortechini) Penang (John Scott). Rare. Flowers very small hardly .5 in. wide; leaves glabrous. (20) H. Scortechinii. In Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 511-512. “The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya” R. E. Rintz. 20) Hoya scortechinii King & Gamble, J.A.S. Beng. IV (1903) 646 567. Type: Malaysia, Perak, Scortechini 464b (K). — FIG. 24. Distinguishing Features. Stems thin. Leaves fleshy, ovate-lanceolate with cordate bases and slightly indented margins; c. 12cm long by 4.5cm wide. Peduncle horizontal, rigid, c. 10cm long. Umbel negatively-geotropic, convex with rigid, uniform pedicels c. 2cm long; 1-20 flowers, open 4 days. Corolla reflexed, glabrous inside and out; c. 1cm long by 8mm diam; pale yellow with pale pink tips. Corona lower lobe flat above; (ovate) pale yellow or white. Corpuscule large with long, apical projections; caudicles with very small wings. Ecology: Endemic to Malaysia in the lowland forests of Johore, Phang and Perak; not common. Fig, 14. tiuya seatteebinii K. & G. a) haling Flower in top vicwie) Flower ifl side vic^ A \ fl Httf er i n WPstia A ^Ti?m ? 1 twin-poLlin La. From n i\i [fl r.15. Drawing from the above publication: 512. 647 Picture of the foliage taken by Ann Wayman, Central Point, Oregon. "This species grows in clumps of two to four leaves per node. They are medium green and quite thin but very stiff. At eleven months from a cutting, this plant has fifty peduncles forming buds" The following photomicrographs are taken from flowers sent to me from Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii, 8/2/94. This specimen does not conform to the Type description in that the inner lobes here are covering the anthers or nearly so. In addition it says of the pollinarium "attached by short caudicles" (translator arms). Ours could not be considered short! It is difficult to say if we have a variant from the Type or a different species. Pedicel, calyx and ovaries side view enlarged about 8X. The pedicel is short 0.90 cm. long and 0.08 cm. in diameter. Glabrous, yellow with raised red lenticels and striations. Calyx is flat rotate, does not reach the corolla sinuses, sepal edges ciliate, apex rounded 0.16 cm. long and at base 0.16 cm wide with slight overlap up to 1/3; with indistinct ligules. Ovaries dome shaped 0.12 cm. tall, 0.09 cm. at the base of pair, glabrous. Top view of the calyx enlarged about 8X. Sepals are ovate with rounded apices, some slight ciliation; very thin and membranous. 648 Top (left) bottom (right) views of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner lobes dentate raised almost covering the anthers. Dorsal surface sway-backed with the outer lobes raised above the inner. Anther wing to aw. Ret. to ret. Ret. to center Apex to apex Apex to center Widest (top) 0.20 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.06 cm. 0.29 cm. 0.31 cm. 0.10 cm. View of the outside of the corolla with pedicel and calyx still attached enlarged about 8X.The corolla outside is glabrous crystalline, inside puberulous. A thickened raised collar in center. Sinus to sinus 0.31 cm. Sinus to center 0.25 cm. Sinus to apex 0.55 cm. Apex to center 0.73 cm. Widest above the center 0.39 cm. View of the corona and corolla enlarged about 8X. The coronal scales have extra broad side lobes which exceed the outer top lobe apex and end in an obtuse end. The inner lobes are raised in the center and almost reach the center, they are elongate dentate. The outer lobes reach the corolla sinuses where the lobes are deeply cut. Below the underside of the corona is channeled 1/2 way from the sinuses inward to the short column. The surface is diagonally sulcate. The shelves on the sides of the coronal lobes are 0.20 wide. 0.13 cm. thick. Widest base 0.20 cm. 649 This is a photo of the retinaculum enlarged about 165X. The pellucid edge on the pollinia is straight, loops over the top and seems to end anout 3/4 the way down the side, with a winged vacuole below. The head of the retinaculum is rounded, it is relatively large and short. The translatore are narrow in side view and the clear caudicles are very visible (especially on the right side in the photo) Pollinium length 0.400 mm. widest 0.210 mm. Retinaculum length 0.226 mm. shoulder 0.130 mm. waist 0.100 mm. hip 0.130 mm. extensions 0.060 mm, Translators length 0.130 mm. depth 0.180 mm. Caudicles diameter 0.050 mm. Conclusion: I believe most of this specimen's characteristics fit the type description, it does not fit Rintz's drawing as well. In regard to the latter drawing here the inner lobes are longer, the corolla not as stylized, the retinaculum not as deeply divided at the base. Herbarium Sheets: Hoyascortechinii King/Gam Malaya Perak Hoyascortechinii King/Gam Malaya Perak Hoyascortechinii King/Gam Penang 135 1978 Rintz 1557 1903 Scortechini Type 464b 1903 Scortechini (K) 650 Photos by Kim F. Yap, Singapore 2003 Incorrect I believe (RDK) 651 652 Hoya Sigillatis T. Green (Asclepiadaceae) Sp. Nova 2004 Type description: In Fraterna 17/3, 2-4, 2004. TYPE: Ex Hort, Tenom Agricultural Park, Tenom, Sabah, Malaysia. Original collection site unknown. From living collection, T. Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii, T Green from deep shade, #91024 (BISH) * Latin: Hoya sigillatis Green sp. nova afftnis Hoya littoralis Schlechter sed foliis formis et densis maculatis dorsaliter; retinacula non minuto, differt. English: Allied to Hoya littoralis Schlechter but differing in the shape of the leaf and its heavily blotched dorsal surface and retinacula not minute. Analysis: A tropical, thin stem, rambling vine, rooting at the nodes, with opposite leaves; blade 3. 5- 10cm long by 1-1.8 cm wide, elliptic with obtuse to cuneate base and acuminate tip, nearly obscured pinnate venation, upper surface matte, marked with silver (to pink) flecks and marks on a light green to pinkish-green base color, the under surface is green to bright rose -green, petiole 2 x 5mm, internodes average 8cm, peduncle persistent, 9cm x limn, bearing a flat umbel-lilce cluster of 15 - 20 flowers, 8mm in diameter, pale salmon and yellow flowers, on 6 - 24mm long x 0.08mm in diameter pedicels. Follicle not seen. Sap milky white. Fragrance indiscernible. Of the Acanthostemma section. Etymology: Sigillatus (L), many marked, alluding to the many silvery flecks on the leaves. Culture: Of easy culture when given warmth of at least 60F and moderate to bright light (flecks on leaves become more prominent and upper leaf color more pink with brighter light). Plant in container with good drainage and support for climbing. A scrambler so keep confined on a trellis or wire hanger. Although a shy bloomer, its attractive leaves and growth make up for this deficiency. This is probably one of the finest small Hoyas for pot cultivation. This plant has been offered in the trade as “Silver Flecked”. Ted Green Green: Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii * omitted “hie designatus” Photomicrographs by Dale Kloppenburg from flowers sent by Ted Green from Hawaii. Pedicel calyx and ovaries enlarged about 8X. The pedicel and base to calyx have single-celled clear hair cells pointing apically. Calyx outside is granulose, inside shiny glabrous. Ovaries are 0.05 cm. tall and base pair are 0.10 cm. wide, glabrous, yellow. 653 Inside view of the corolla enlarged about 8X. The outside is glabrous and granular. The inside has stiff short clear puberal ance. There is some pentagonal thickening around the center under the crown that extends toward the corolla sinuses. Sinus - sinus 0.40 cm. Sinus - center 0.33 cm. Sinus - apex 0.48 cm. Apex - center 0.75 cm. Widest 0.42 cm. Side view of the flower enlarged about 8X. The crown sits up off the re volute corolla a little. The anther wings are relatively long and the sides are thickened and form a continuum with the lower anther edges. Crown center is a little raised and glabrous throughout. A top view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Coronal lobes are relatively long and narrow, with well developed side lobes (bilobed). Inner lobes are rounded but do not reach the center; outer lobe ends abruptly between the bilobes. Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. As in Hoya littoralis Schlechter the channel on the lower lobes extends nearly to the thickened center and also the thickened and rolled material between the lobes is similar. The lobes are finely sulcate but not the rolled material in between. Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. All surfaces are glabrous. apex - apex 0.30 cm. apex - end 0.34 cm. apex - center 0.34 cm. widest (dorsal) 0.12 cm. ret. - ret 0.09 cm. ret. - center 0.07 cm. aw. - aw. 0.20 cm. aw. - center 0.17 cm. 654 Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 32X. Anther exceeds the inner lobe which is rounded. Dorsal is slightly cupped with an elongated umbo in central portion. Outer apex turns down between the two side lobes that begin well below the inner lobe and extend beyond the outer apex and meet and curl up slightly at the end. Scale and lobes are finely sulcate longitudinally. Anther wing is not deeply curved. The central white column with a domed top is the raised central stylar crown (not the stigma). In Hoya littoralis this is a conic structure. Here it is more ornate, almost capitate and glistening crystalline white. The yellow is a pollinium and to the right an intact scale. Photo by Ted Green 655 Photo by Ted Green (Author) Kaaawa, Hawaii 2004 656 New Hoya Species From Sipitang, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo) 2002 Type description: In Fraterna 15/3, 4-7, 2002. Hoya sipitangensis Kloppenburg & Wiberg sp. nov. Typus #52002 (UC) hie designatus Section Otostemma, collected by Eva-Karin Wiberg et al. at Sipitang, Sarawak, Malaysia ex hort. Eva-Karin Wiberg at Borlange, Sweden. Hoya lacunosa affinis, sed folio et flore amplus; corollae intus pubescens non velutino-villosa, differt. Like Hoya lacunosa but different, with larger foliage and flowers, inside corolla is pubescent not velvety-villous. Leaves opposite, green with a few silver spots, flowers green/yellow with red corona and white tips. Leaves and flowers larger than Hoya Photo via e-mail from Eva-Karin Wiberg, Sweden. Flowers sent preserved with photomicrographs and data shown below. Fragrant. Side view of the pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 10X. Pedicels are curved, short, glabrous or extremely finely puberulent, terete. 0.80 cm. long, 0.09 cm. in diameter. Pedicel and calyx with ovaries enlarged about 16X. The sepals are very short with little overlap; ligules present. Sepals 0.08 cm. long.; 0.26 cm. in diameter. Pedicels glabrous but granulose surface same for outside of calyx. Sepal edged incised and an occasional cilia. Ovaries rather long and narrow. Outside view of the calyx enlarged about 8X. This surface is glabrous. Tightly revolute naturally with acute apices. Collar is small and not much thickened. Venation plainly visible as corolla is relatively thin. Flattened corolla inside view enlarged about 8X. This surface is pubescent. Center - apex 0.62 cm. Flower diameter flattened is 1.24 cm. Apex - sinus 0.40 cm. Sinus - center 0.25 cm. Sinus - sinus 0.33 cm. Widest 0.34 cm. 658 Side view of the flower enlarged about 8X. The crown sits well up off the corolla. Top view of the corona on the corolla enlarged about 8X. The coronal outer apices reach the corolla sinuses. The inner lobes do not reach the center and are spatulate. Scales are rather thin and somewhat translucent outer apex in narrowly rounded. Scales cupped on dorsal surface with keel down the center. Apex -apex 0.23 cm. Apex - center 0.26 cm. Widest 0.11cm. Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Note: the scales are not channeled below, this is a Section Otostemma species the skirt is slit at the pentagonal corners. The column is long 0.09 cm. and the opening large 0.11 cm. Most parts are thin and translucent when observed after fluid preservation. 659 Pollinarium enlarged about 165X. Pollinia length widest Retinaculum length head shoulders waist hips extensions Translator length 0.70 mm. long 0.09 mm. 0.06 mm. without extensions domed 0.04 mm. 0.05 mm. 0.02 mm. 0.04 mm. 0.13 mm. depth 0.03 mm. width 0.01 cm. ca. Caudical bulb diameter 0.04 mm. ca. Another view of the pollinarium same enlargement as above but focused on the retinaculum to show it more distinctly. 660 661 Hoya spartioides (Kuntz) Kloppenburg 2001 Iii Fraterna 14/2 2001:5-10. Change of Genus: In taking photomicrographs of the flowers of this species that are shown below with measurements, I determined that the reproductive parts of this species do not vary enough from the Genus Hoya for it to be placed into a separate genus. Consequently I hereby place this species in the Genus hoya. Type Absolmsia spartioides (Benth.) Kuntz ( Astrostemma spartioides Benth.) Citation: Absolmsia Kuntz, Rev. Gen. PI. 2:417. Hoya spartioides (Kuntz) Kloppenburg. The reduced foliage (many times absent) and its prodigious production of green (chlorophyll) peduncles set this species apart as a fringe member of the genus. There is nothing unusual about its corolla or corona that would differentiate it from Hoya. Its pollinarium is very close in structure to that of Hoya mindorensis Schlechter and Hoya pimenteliana Kloppenburg. See photos in "Hoya Pollinaria a Photographic study" 1 996: 181. Barbara Ertter at the University of California, Jepson Herbarium was kind enough to copy off and send to me the pertinent data from Otto Kuntze Revisio Genera Plantarum part II 1891:417-418 and the data on George Benthom’s plate 1311 and the type description of Astrostemma spartioides from Hooker’s leones Plantarum 1880- 1882 IV:7-8. This species was first placed in a genus Astrostelma by Bentham and named spartioides as a single species genus. Dr. Otto Kuntz in 1891 made a lengthy revision of approximately 30,000 names of plants based on his strict adherence to the 1867 Paris Code of Botanical Nomenclature. This work was “ Revisio generum plantarum'' . Needless to say this upset a majority of plant taxonomists who preferred the starting date for generic names not be changed from 1753 to the earlier date insisted upon by Otto Kuntz of 1737. The genus name Absolmsia was given by Kuntz to honor Professor H. Graf of Solms-Laubach in Strassburg, Germany. Kuntz was extremely critical of such works as Durand’s Index genera plantarum , Prfeiffer’s Nomenclature botanicus , Bentham and Hooker’s Genera plantarum. Pritzel’s Thesaurus literaturae botanicae , and Jackson’s Index Kewensis. Bentham in his type description of Astrostemma spartioides mentions two collections of this species: Motley’s from Bangarmassing, Borneo and Burbidge’s from Northern Borneo. No herbarium numbers were presented but I assume if they exist they would be in the Kew herbarium (K). We also have Bentham’s drawing (by A. M. C del.) plate #1311. Bentham states, as we know, “common in holes of trees, looking as if it were truly parasitical, but the roots only line the holes. Photomicrographs of the flowers of this species follow: (flowers via Torill Nyhuus). 662 Inside view of the corolla enlarged about 8X. Inside and outside surfaces are both glabrous. The margins are thick and rough with central thickening around the collar area. Center puckered and thickened. Color inside is mostly yellow with some bronzing at the corolla apices. Outside is mahogany. Sinus to sinus 0.44 cm. Sinus to apex 0.40 cm. Sinus to center 0.38 cm. Apex to center 0.60 cm. Widest 0.45 cm. Inside view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Corona outer lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses. Corolla is somewhat cupped. Inner lobes reach the center. Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Edges are turned under but do not appear to be distinctly grooved or channeled. Top view of the corona enlarged 8X. The corona is flat on top, inner lobe reach the center. There are two ridges down the top, flanking a wide central low keel. Inner lobe is spatulate, outer lobe apex narrowing to a sub- acute angle and is emarginate. Apex to apex 0.29 cm. Apex to center 0.29 cm. widest 0.15 cm. column 0.07 cm. Ret.- ret. 0.10 cm. Aw. -aw. 0.20 cm. Ret head- aw. 0.10 cm. Ret. head-center 0.09 cm. 663 Pollinarium enlarged about 165X. The pollinia here are broad and short with pellucid outer edges and a cellular vacuole inward. The retinacula and pollinia are very similar to Hoya mindorensis Schlechter. Here the caudicles are better formed, more structurally visible. Pollinia length 0.36 mm. widest 0.23 mm. Translator length 0.10 mm. depth 0.03 mm. ca. width 0.03 mm. ca. Caudicles bulb diam. 0.09mm. with distinct tail. Retinaculum length 0.25 mm. width 0.25 mm. The retinaculum is nearly round with two raised sections on the upper outer edge, with the center rather open. Translators and caudicles attached about the middle, lower apex formed into a half crescent . Background material: ABSOLMSIA SPARTIODES, AN UPDATE Some years ago (Fratema)*, I wrote up about a weird Hoya-relative from Borneo, Absolmsia spartiodes , The Whisk Broom plant. This is the one that I thought might be a parasite - because of the way that it grows in a crack in the bark of a host tree but actually the ant-infested roots are hidden within the hollow tree trunk. After having it in my collection for some time I have been able to add a few things about it that might be interesting. (1) The leaves on my original collection aborted just after they got to any size for they weren't needed — the photosynthesis being carried on by the long, persistent, green peduncles. A healthy plant under fertilization will keep its leaves, with a new burst of growth just after the fertilizer is applied. 664 (2) I never saw the flowers on my original plant, only the buds. Torill Nvhuus, of Sweden, found out why. She being a computer fiend and night owl found out that buds open only at night and then for only about 6 hours. The buds of my plant opened at night when 1 was asleep so I saw only unopened buds in the evening and then spent buds in the morning. 1 followed her advice and was able to see the pretty, fragrant, yellow flowers- about 10 PM at night. (3) Since 1 thought that it was a parasite, 1 collected my original plant with a 4” piece of the tree attached. I have found out that it does not need the host and cuttings will grow well in a well -draining pot — so that the roots do not remain wet. Mine is hanging from a post in the greenhouse and it is impossible for it to stay damp. See picture. (4) I collected my Absolmsia in Sipitang, Sabah, Eastern Malaysia, quite close to the coast. When I went back some years later, the whole area had been cleared of trees and brush and there were houses on the spot. A bit farther north we found a few plants in small trees that were completely covered with dust — from the logging trucks that passed close by on their way to the nearby SF1 pulp-mill. T think that this rare plant is doomed in this situation and area and its only salvation might be in its growing farther south (nearer to the Brunei border or 50 miles north). If the material that I have stalling in the lab is successful I would like to go back and plant it out in those 2 areas. Project no. 80001 This is an interesting hoya-relative but very rare and one that should be tried only by the discerning grower. I suggest one that is a night owl. Ted Green * Fraterna 4/ 3-4 (1993) with plant drawing. Green: Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii 96730 665 Above is a photo by Torill Nyhuus (see following article) of one of the plants we collected at Sipitang, Sdabah, Eastern Malaysia in 1997. The roots growing internally. This plant is growing from holes in small sapling tree trunks with roots developed in the pithy interior. Here the tree trunk has been sliced to show the growth characteristics. I think we all feel this species is close to extinction. The Genus is recorded from Southern China but no species was listed not any other data, (this needs follow up). Absolmsia spartiodes Kuntz by Torill Nyhuus An odd plant for an odd plant collector, odd plant because it consists of a big broom of peduncles and few or mostly no leaves and odd plant collector because the flowers are open only a few hours during the night I want to show some pictures of another rare plant, this is not a hoya, but close related. It has been presented here in Fraterna* years ago, but without flowers. *see above. This plant was collected in Sipitang, Sabah, Borneo 1997. It grows only on certain trees with the roots inside a hole in the stem, but it is not a parasite even if it looks like one. Around the root is an ant’s nest. When we went back to Borneo 1998, they told us 666 that the forests around Sipitang were badly hurt by the fires earlier that year, and that maybe the area where we found this species was disturbed. This genus has only been found in Sipitang and in a place in south China. I got a cutting with 4 peduncles and a part of the root, but no leaves. First thing I did when I got home was to take a walk in a forest nearby to look for an anthill. It was the last week of March and the temperature was around the freezing point, so the Swedish ants were asleep deep down in their home. I took a cup or two of the substance their home where built from and brought it home. I mixed it with my normal hoya soil mix. I thought that would make the plant feel more “at home”. It started to grow and in little more than two years it got around 40 peduncles, two new branches and two leaves. I asked Ted Green several times about the flowers, but he told me that even if he had seen buds flowers on his plant, he had never seen the flowers open. So when my plant got buds on 8 - 10 peduncles last summer I went into the room where the plant hangs almost every hour not to miss any step of the development. Finally one night around 1 1 p.m. I saw the first open umbel with six flowers. They are orange with a white corolla and about 1 cm. across. They look just like hoya flowers. I immediately took the flower to the anthill in the forest. I let the ants crawl over the plant for about thirty minutes to pollinate the flower, just hoping that none of my neighbors would see me. Next morning when I woke up they were closed again. To my disappointment the pollination was unsuccessful. It has bloomed from many peduncles later and there are always six flowers in an umbel. I have been a little scared to try to make cuttings, but last summer when it developed the third branch, I dared to try. The first one died within a week, but the second time I had more luck, and could make my friend Eva-Karin Wiberg happy too, as her plant went to heaven the year before. 2/26/00 12:01 PM A picture of the flower taken by the author, Torill Nyhuus, at her home in Sweden. 667 A plant of this species taken by Torill Nyhuus. A beautiful living wall decoration, what more could you asks for. A rare plant in an exquisite setting. Photo below by Ted Green 668 669 Hoya walliniana Kloppenburg & Nyhuus 2003 In Fraterna 16/4 2003:9-13 Type description: Hoya walliniana Kloppenburg & Nyhuus species nova. Typus # 112003 (UC) hie designatus. Section Otostemma (Blume) Miquel. Collected by a group in 1995 including both authors et al. at Sipitang, Sartawak, Malaysia ex hort. Torill Nyhuus, Sweden. Hoya affinis Hoya sipitangensis Kloppenburg & Wiberg, sed calycis lobis linearis triangula 0.15 cm. longa vs. late triangular 0.08 cm longa; cum coronae lobis interiore acuta non spatulatatus: corolla complanatus, multus parvo, 0.68 cm. diametro vs. 1.24 cm. diametro. Pollinaria multus differt. Like Hoya sipitangensis Kloppenburg & Wiberg but the calyx lobes are longer 0.15 cm. long versus 0.08 cm. long in H. sipitangensis , which has short broadly triangular calyx lobes. The flower here is much smaller, 0.068 cm. in diameter when flattened versus 1.24 cm. in diameter. The inner lobes of this new species are acute versus spatulate and the whole structure here is more upright on a longer column. The outer lobes also are different in that the central ventral thickening on this species does not extend to the outer apex and thus it sub-membranous and turned up not horizontal. In this new species the pollinaria are broader and shorter, The retinaculum has unusual arm- like extensions from the head area; the translators are more narrow than in H. sipitangensis , also the caudicle bulb here is much larger and thus more prominent.. 670 Photos are by Torill Nyhuus March 2003. One whole umbel with peduncle present. Pedicel, calyx with ovaries enlarged about 16X. Pedicel: 0.7 cm. long, of variable lengths, to form a flat cluster, deep green lenticeled, rigid, rachis circular with fine bracts layered evenly, surface tan. Outside view of a flower showing the small calyx; lobes of which reach only about 1/2 way to the corolla sinuses. Corolla is revolute, glabrous on this outer surface. Inner surface is puberulous with a large apical area glabrous. Enlarged about 16X. Calyx and ovaries greatly enlarged. The sepals are small, centrally thickened with very short basal overlap, both surfaces are glabrous. Sepals 0.15 cm. long; from center 0.15 cm. Small dark ligules are present. Ovaries are glabrous, narrowly domed shaped with flaring apex. 0.15 cm. tall and base pair 0.06 cm. wide. 671 Top view of the calyx enlarged about 16X. The sepals are triangular shaped with a small basal overlap. Edges are irregular (slightly) and an occasional cilia, Small dark ligules are present. Corolla outer surface enlarged less than 16X. This surface is glabrous with no thickened collar. Apex is acute, lobes cut about 1/2 way. Sinus - sinus 0.27 cm. Sinus - apex 0.27 cm. Sinus - center 0.23 cm. Apex - center 0.34 cm. widest 0.31 cm. Corolla inside surface enlarged about 32X This surface is puberulous except under the corona where it is glabrous as is the apical apex area. Side view of a flower enlarged about 16X. The corona sits on a skirted column, corolla is reflexed to revolute depending on flower stage. (The oval splotches on the corolla lobes are due to liquid on the surface.) Crown is upright. The flower belongs to the Section Otostemma (Blume) Miquel. 672 Another view of the flower, here the corolla is more revolute. The flaring outer coronal lobes are shown, this dorsal surface is keeled all the way from apex to apex. The inner lobes are spatulate and do not reach the center or cover the anthers. Aw. - aw. 0.10 cm. Aw. - center 0.14 cm. View of the corona removed from the flower and enlarged about 32X. The center is much raised, scales are keeled almost from apex to apex. Outer lobes are broadly rounded and appear spatulate, thinner around the edges and apex. Inner lobe is also spatulate and does not reach the center. Apex - apex 0.20 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.07 cm. Ret.- apex 0.09 cm. Bottom view of the corona enlarged as above. Note the bottoms of the outer coronal lobes are also keeled but not to the apex, as they are above. The pentagonal skirt is well developed and notched between the area of the scales. There is a separate central thickened column that raises the corona above the corolla surface. 673 Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 32X. The center is raised and this inner lobe is spatulate as is the curved up outer apex. The membranous anther extends slightly higher than the inner lobe (pollinarium still attached). A portion of the pentagonal skirt can be seen below the scale proper as a loop. The scales dorsal keel is easily visible. A pollinarium enlarged about 165X. The pollinia are inwardly truncate on the inner apex. The translators are long and narrow with large clear caudicles. The appears to have a bifid head but I believe it is the viewing angle. Well developed head and waste, extensions are tight together and not well developed. Pollinia Tength 0.30 mm. Widest 0.13 mm. Retinaculum Tength Shoulders Waist Hip Extensions 0.10 mm. 0.04 mm. 0.02 cm. 0.06 mm. 0.05 mm. Tength 0.15 mm. Translators Wide 0.02 mm. Caudicle bulb. 0.10 x 0.05 mm. 674 Another photomicrograph of the Pollinarium to show the unusual arm formations in the head area of the retinaculum the unusual leg formations below the waist and long and lightly differentiated (extensions). 675 Photo sent via e-mail from Sweden by Torill Nyhuus 676 Hoya waymaniae Kloppenburg 1995 Type description: In Fraterna, International Hoya Association, 2 (1995) 8-9. R. D. Kloppenburg. Hoya waymaniae Kloppenburg sp. nova. Typus cultivated at Fresno CA, USA from clone obtained from the Sidney Botanical Garden by Ted Green ini 988. Holotvpe: UC #11. Section Acanthostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg. This species fits the delineation’s for the Subsection Angus ticarinata Kloppenburg “corona foliola lateribus rotundato anguste carinata'’. The side lobes are very narrow, however the corona segments are very different from the long narrow segments of the subsection type Hoya diptera Seemann or Hoya eitapensis Schlechter or Hoya flavida Forster & Liddle. Here the segments are oval, broad and short, and the outer apex is obtuse to subcordate. Frutex epiphyticus, ramis pubescentibus; folia opposita, succulenta, ovata, utrinque pubescentia; petiolo ca. 1.5 cm. longo, pubescentia; umbellae axillares; pedicellis 2.7 cm. longo, pubescentia; corollae lobis revoluta, intus pubescentibus; coronae segmentis erectis; floribus aurantiacis. Hoya waymaniae Kloppenburg like Hoya diptera Seemann has narrow side lobes but differs in having ovate coronal segments and the side lobes do not meet at the outer apex but do meet lower down on the outer surface at which point the lower channeled groove begins. In addition the corolla here is revolute like the species in the Subsection Externatae Kloppenburg thus differing from Hoya diptera Seemann. Stem: stout, rigid, succulent, pubescent, terete, rooting especially near the center of the internodes, rusty pink colored. Nodes enlarged, somewhat flat; internodes 2-10 cm. long; copious milky latex present. Leaf Blade: thick, rigid, succulent, both surfaces finely pubescent especially so with the lower surface. 5-9 cm. long, margins very undulant 3-5 cm wide, enervis, edges rough with small bumpy thickened protrusions, much pinkish pigmentation, with a linear imbedded leaf gland present. Petiole: heavy, 1.5 cm. long x 4 mm. diam., twisted, somewhat flattened on the upper surface (but not grooved) otherwise terete, pubescent. Pedicel: 2.0 cm. long x 0.14 cm. diameter, terete, curved with scattered hairs and fine pubescence. Calyx: elliptic triangular, 0.8 cm. x 0.16 cm. at widest portion near the base, surface glabrous, outer punctate, ligules present. Ovaries: dome shaped 0.19 cm. tall with the paired base 0.12 cm. broad, glabrous shinny. 677 Corolla: revolute, outside glabrous, inside finely pubescent with apex glabrous, pentagonally thickened and sunken under the corona with stellate hairs around the extremely short tube, deep orange in color. Sinus - sinus 0.50 cm.; sinus - apex 0.57 cm.; sinus - center 0.40 cm.; apex - center 0.82 cm., making the flattened flower diameter 1.6 cm.; widest 0.45 cm.. Corona: very thick and upright, ovate, outer lobe of segment very broadly rounded to subcordate, inner lobe very short laterally compressed (dentate), narrow bilobed side extensions well down on side of segment meeting below the outer apex with sides forming the coronal lower groove. Anthers membranaceous, triangular long, exposed in the center of the flower, stylar column usually visible in the center. Apex - apex 0.22 cm.; apex - center 0.30 cm.; 0.18 cm. wide near outer apex; thick ca. 0.18 cm.; color clear deep orange. Stylar head broad domed shaped. Pollinarium: long narrow upright pollinia 0.43 mm., long x 0.11 mm. at widest, with sterile pellucid edge from the inner apex all the way to the translators, with narrow triangular vacuole widest at the base; translators 0.27 mm. long arising at right angles to the retinaculum bending upward at right angles 0.07 mm. from attachment point, variable in thickness but generally ca. 0.04 mm. one the exposed side, cupped (on inner end around the pollinium), granular surface; caudicle clear, linear (long and narrow) with a semi bulbous end ca. 0.05 mm. diameter; the retinaculum is relatively very small ca. 0.1 mm. long including the bifid extensions, head 0.45 mm. wide. Hoya waymaniae has a very distinctive pollinarium, it could be separated from all other hoya species on this character alone. It is an honor to name this distinctive, beautiful hoya species for Ann Wayman the editor of the International Hoya Association’s official publication Fraterna. Ann has and continues to give freely of her time and effort to the society and its publication. Her presentations are carried out in a professional manner, always thoughtful and thorough in content. She is a superior plant person, constantly bringing into flower many hoyas a lot of us find difficult if not impossible to flower consistently. Photomicrographs and data from clone 85-1985: Side view of the pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 8X. Pedicel is curved 2.0 cm. long with scattered hair cells and very finely puberulent, deep orange, 0.14 cm. in diameter. Ovaries: Domed 0.19 cm. tall and base pair 0.12 cm. wide. Calyx outspread, glabrous, cupped on the inner surface. 678 Calyx top view enlarged about 8X, very little overlap of sepals at their base, edges membranous. Ligules are present, Surface glabrous. Corolla revolute, outside glabrous, inside finely pubescent. Collar is convex to this surface, corolla inner apices glabrous. Inside view of the corona enlarged about 8X. This flower is orange colored like no other hoya species. In the center is a thickened pentagonal area surrounded by a dense mat of hair cells pointing inward to the almost glabrous large collar. There is also a secondary modified area just outside of the thickened area. Corolla lobe detail enlarged about 8X. Note the sunken area in a looped pentagonal design almost reaching the sinuses. Sinus rr sinus 0.50 cm. Sinus - center 0.40 cm. Sinus - apex 0.57 cm, Apex - center 0.82 cm. Widest 0.45 cm. Diameter flattened is 1.64 cm. % *■ Central portion of the corolla top (inside surface) view enlarged about 8X. Center is a ring of pentagonal hair cells then a secondary thickened area all set in a concave (sunken) pentagon which covers the area almost to the corolla sinuses, pubescence varies in each of these areas. Sinuses are deep cut, over half way. Corona bottom view enlarged about 8X. Scales are channeled but edges overlap each other and only extend to the sinuses, side surfaces are sulcate outside. Bilobes are not involved in the rolled edges. The center has a thickened relatively large column, all surfaces are glabrous. Top surface of the corolla enlarged about 8X. Inner apex is shortly dentate, does not reach the center, which is raised. Bilobes are narrow, well down on the sides of the scales and meet below the outer apex. Dorsal is slightly concave with raised rather sharp edges, outer apex obtuse. Apex - apex 0.22 cm. Apex - center 0.30 cm. Widest 0.18 cm. End view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Note the skirt formed below the bilobes extends deeply and in this respect is similar to a Hoya Kloppenburgii Green another Sabah, Malaysia species Evolutionarily transitions ?) Top of corona is nearly flat (horizontal), with the anthers sticking way above the center but not nearly to the extent of Hoya imbricata Decaisne. Anthers flare out at the apices. Ret. - ret. 0.10 cm. Ret. - center 0.08 cm. Ret. - apex (anther) 0. 1 1 cm. Aw. - aw 0.18 cm. Lobe depth 0.20 cm. 680 Top view of the corona with the anthers pealed back to reveal the stylar crown, enlarged about 8X. The crown is dome shaped with pentagonal sides, center slightly mealy. Anthers are very membranous and triangular in shape. Pollinarium enlarged about 85X. This is a very unusual structure. No other hoya species has pollinaria like this. Hoya multiflora Blume has the long pollinia and small retinaculum in common but not the translatore. The species we call wee-bella from N. Thailand has similar transistors.. The translators seem to cup around the caudicles and the inside end of the pollinia. Pollinia length 0.48 mm. widest 0.12 mm. Retinaculum length 0.09 mm. shoulder 0.07 mm. waist 0.06 mm. ca. hip 0.07 mm. ext. 0.03 mm. Translator length 0.25 mm. depth 0.04 mm. Caudicle bulb diam. 0.05 mm. Another view of the translators and retinacular area enlarged about 85 X. This shows better detail of the retinaculum and the translators either covering or curved around the caudicles, which are very long structures with only a short tail. This species has been observed growing in the leaf cover, almost hidden, under very small trunked trees. The peduncles are upright and very long possibly to accommodate the flower cluster to arise up out of the leaves. 681 Photo by Ted Green, Kaaawa Hawaii. 682 Hoya wrayi King & Gamble 1903 Type description: IPNI shows 1907 ? in Flora of the Malayan Peninsula 74/2 (1903) 579-580. “Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch” King & Gamble. 23. Hoya Wrayi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A slender creeping epiphytic undershrub, rooting on the branches of trees; stems slender, very rough when dry. Leaves fleshy, thinly coriaceous when dry; lanceolate, obtuse and glandular-apiculate at apex, long-attenuate at base; upper surface glabrous smooth, lower minutely papillose, both grayish when dry; margins recurved; 3.5 to 4 in, long, 1 to 1.25 in. broad; midrib slender, broadened at base; main nerves very inconspicuous even when dry, about 4 pairs, at about 30° with the midrib; reticulations not visible; petiole very thick, rugose, jointed at the junction with the blade. Inflorescence not seen; rachis minutely tuberculate; pedicels slender, .75 to 1 in. long, scurry. Calyx hyaline, papillose without; tube short; lobes linear-oblong, .05 in. long; scales subulate. Corolla campanulate-rotate, .3 in. broad when open, villous within with cellular hairs, margins fimbriate-crispate; lobes very short, triangular. Corona of 5 processes, attached above the filament-tube, horny and yellow when dry; lower lobe a slightly up curved linear-lanceolate ridged spur; upper similar, erect, dorsally flattened, longer than the anthers. Staminal-column with filament-tube free from the corona, otherwise short; anthers short, cells parallel; appendages scarious, ovate, curved over the style-apex; pollen-masses flattened, oblong, obliquely truncate with membranous margins, attached by broadly inflated cup-like caudicles to the conical pollen-carriers. Style-apex 5-angled, thick, concave abode with a conical apiculus. Fruit not seen. Perak: at Gunong Batu Pateh, 4300 ft., Wray 371. Other literature: In Flora of the Malay Peninsula by Henery Ridley 2:411:1923 P. wightii Ridley. Hoya wrayii King & Gamble 597. Leaves thin fleshy , lanceolate blunt, base long acuminate nerves very inconspicuous , 4 pairs: 3.5 to 4 in. long, 1 to 1.25 in wide: petioles thick, rugose. Inflorescence not seen, pedicels 1 in long. Calyx lobes linear-oblong. Corolla campanulate-rotate. 3 in across, edge fimbriate crisp, villous inside. Corona processes lower lobes an upcurved spur, upper similar erect filament tube free from corona. Pollinia with inflated cup like caudicles. Hab, Perak, Batang Padang; Wray, Very rare. In Malayan Nature Journal 30 #3/4 (1978) 484-485. “The Peninsular Species of Hoya” R. E. Rintz. 2) Hoya wrayi King & Gamble, J.A.S. Beng. IV (1903) 579. Type: Malaysia, Perak, Gunong Batang Padang, Wray 371 (K), This sheet is only a drawing by Gamble but all points agree with it. — FIG. 6. = Physostelma wrayi Ridley, F.M.P. ii (1923)411. Distinguishing Features: STEMS, petioles and peduncles densely hirsute when young. LEAVES thick and rigid, narrowly-elliptical with attenuate bases; margins reflexed, often corrugate; up to 10cm long by 3cm wide. PEDUNCLE reflexed, thin and flexuous, 3 - 4cm long. UMBEL positively-geotropic, concave with rigid, curved pedicels 5mm — 3cm long; 1-15 flowers, open 4 days. COROLLA spreading, densely 683 pubescent inside, marginal hairs long- villous; c. 1 .2cm diam; pale pink. CORONA lower lobe upcurved; both lobes white. CAUDICLES broadly winged. FOLLICLE c. 10cm long by 4mm diam. Ecology: Endemic to Malaya, in dense mountain forests between 1000 — 1500m; very rare, being only known from Bukit Fraser, Pahang and Gunong Batang Padang, Perak. Note: Here Dr. Rintz lets us know the type is in Kew (K). 684 Drawing by Dr. Rintz 685 5 srri Introduction Ganges Hoya I have presented all the pertinent literature with dates and comments following. I have also made bold key characteristics as the descriptions proced in time. At the end of 1832 the descriptions begin to diverge from the earlier descriptions and discrepancies arise. I feel these constitute descriptions that involve more than one species and contradictions to the earlier ones, 1 have made personal comments after many descriptions pointing out facts I feel important. Hoya acuta was described prior to other synonymous descriptions in 1821. In one instance 1818 Wallich had presented the name Hoya parasitica but this is only a manuscript name not a valid publication. This name has been presented as a prior epithet, prior yes but of no taxonomic priority to other condoned descriptions. Does Haworth's description of Hoya acuta fall under (rules of Botanical Nomenclature) Article 9.5 "Type specimens of names of taxa must be preserved permanently and can not be living plants or cultures"? The description was (see below) made of a living plant without flowers growing at Kew (England) with no reference to an illustration or herbarium sheet. If Hoya acuta Haworth, Hoya pallida Bindley, Hoya parasitica Wallich and others are synonymous then Hoya acuta Haworth 1826 should take precedence over the others by priority. If on the otherhand a holotype is needed then the paintings in the copies of the Botanical Register 951 of Hoya pallida Lindley would be selacted. This under Article 7.3. "A holotype is a specimen or illustration used by the author or designated by him as the nomenclatural type". Illustration 951 in the Botanical Register shows leaves with trinerves at the base, with basal pinnate nerves that anastomose and form pinnate nervation. They are like the 1830 description "ovate-lanceolate slightly recurved at the points, whitish green color beneath, above darker, midrib of rather lighter color" see picture on page 20. As in the 1834 Flora Indiae description "veins scarcely conspicuous above and invisible underneath". The 1843 drawing 587 leones Plantarum (Hoya parasitica Wallich) drawing 587 (Irith Dumply) is a stylized presentation inaccurate in many details but here again we see the 3 basil nerves ananstomosing p innately 7-8 per side of the midrib. Flowers are "wheel shaped" as in the 1834 description, however, it must be remembered that as a cluster of flowers first opens it can be wheel shaped, later reflexed and in the final stager the corolla will bend forward, (no inconsistency here). The calyx here is depicted as linear as in all the early descriptions (although here reaching the corolla sinuses). This is not a true representation (stylized) as are the depiction of the coronal lobes and also the anther wings. See my additional comments under the 1951 description in Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3, to tie all this together. I will assume that the calyx although linear is not ciliate. This is in direct contrast to nearly all other hoya species with linear calyx lobes that are almost exclusively ciliate. There is still one further correlation in that 686 the majority of coronal lobes on species with linear calyx lobes have the outer calyx lobe marginate. Hoya acuta Haworth 1821 See also Hoya parasitica Wallich 1830 Hoya lanceolata Lindley 1 826 Hoya pallida Lindley 1826 Hoya albens Miller 1826 Hoya verticil lata G. Don 1837 Type Description: Historical View of Hoya acuta Haworth (1) 1821: Hoya acuta Haworth Type description In Revisions Palntarum Succulentarum (1821) 4. A. H. Haworth. Hoya acuta Haworth, acuta. 1. Hoya, Brown in Hort. kew. & c. H. (acute leaved) foliis ovato- lanceolatis, acuminatis. Habitat... Simillima Hoyae carnosae , at foliis minoribus magisque acuminatis. Vidi crescentem sine floribus in regio horto Kewense, A. D. 1819. Translation: Hoya (acute leaved) leaves ovate lanceolate acuminate. Habitat similar to Hoya carnosa , but leaves much smaller and acuminate. Growing without flowers in the region of the Kew gardens in 1819. Note: no type listed and no illustration. Note: (1) Haworth saw this species growing at Kew in 1819, it is not clear if he subsequently saw flowers before the publication in 1821. In the description he says "Growing without Bowers in the region of Kew Gardens in 1819". (2) 1826 Hoya pallida Lindley Type description In Botanical Register 9 (1826) 951. Lindley. H. pallida, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis carnosis venosis, umbella hemisphaerica compacta. Obs. Hoya carnosa differt, praeter characteribus supra datis, colore foliorum multo intensiore, floribus rubicundis odoratioribus, laciniis corollae acutioribus. This new species of Hoya has been known for a long time to exist in collections, but we believe that the specimen from which our drawing was made, was the first flowering branch that had been produced. It was communicated to us in Jul. 1825 by His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, from his noble garden at Sion House. From Hoya carnosa and all its seedling varieties H. pallida may be readily distinguished by the pallid hue which pervades even part; an absence of colouring which extends even into the flowers. The latter are less fragrant, and their segments are less acute than those of H. carnosa. A hothouse climber, of the easiest culture. J. L. 687 Translation: Hoya pallida ; leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate fleshy veined, compact hemispherical umbels. Observation: different then Hoya carnosa besides the above given characteristics, the color of the plant is much more intense, with the flowers more red with more odor, leaflets of the corona more acute. hi Lindl fly's BOTANICAL REGISTER, Vcl.XI, Tab* 951 tl&ZG) 688 I have inserted a color painting of this illustration later on, see page. Note: Lindley published (supposedly the same species) as Hoya pallida. (Bot. Reg. 9:951). He said the umbels as being hemispherical, less fragrant and segments more acute than H. carnosa. Evidently he did not know of the Haworth (1821) publication, or considered it invalid. Holotype is 951 (Illustration). Note the 3 basal nerves. See colored drawing later on, page. (3) In System Vegetabilum (1826*) 110 (pag.834). Caroli A. Linne. -Ad. Hoyam R. Br. Poft. n. 1. pallida Lindl. 7. H. foliis ovato — lanceolatis acuminatis carnosis venosis, umbella compacta, laciniis corollae obtusiusculis. Patria ? Bot. reg. 951. Translation: Hoya leaves ovate — lanceolate acuminate veined flashy, umbels compact. Flaps of the corolla obtuse. Native land ? * date correction. Note: Here "umbels compact, flaps of the corolla obtuse" He did not know from where but see James Trail description 1830 below (4) In The Botanical Cabinet (1828) 14. Toddiges. No. 1309. Hoya pallida. Class Pentandria. Order Digynia. This is a pretty climbing plant, supposed to be a native of China; introduced about the year 1810. It requires the warmth of the stove, and will grow to the height of several feet, Powering in the summer season. It increases without difficulty by cuttings, which should be potted in loam and peat soil. (5) In Transactions of the Royal Horticultural Society 7 (1830) 23. III. Hoya pallida. The following are the references and synonyms which appear to belong to this species. H. parasitica , Wallich's MSS. H. acute , Haworth Rev. Plant. Succ. p. 4. H. lanceolata , Lindley in Domf s Cat. Edit. II, p. 92 H. pallida , Lindley in Bot Reg. Vol. II, folio 951. H. albens ? Miller's (Bristol) Cat. 1826. This species was originally introduced to the Royal Gardens at Kew, in 1818, having been sent from Calcutta, by Dr. Wallich, under the name quoted above from his MSS. with an additional note in his communication to Mr. Aiton, respecting it; "from the Delta of the Ganges. "This information was obligingly given to Mr. Sabine by Mr. Aiton. From Kew, it became transferred to the gardens of the nurserymen and collectors in the vicinity of London, where it has been generally known under the name of H. lanceolata. Mi*. Haworth, who had seen the plant at Kew, in 1819, published it in 1821 under the name of H. acute , in his work above quoted, which seems to have escaped the notice of Mr. Lindley when he figured it in the Botanical Register by the name of pallida , which now is generally applied to it. A plant which is sold under the name of H. albens in the nursery of Mr. John Miller of Bristol, is probably the same. The stem is slender; the leaves are ovate-lanceolate, sharply acuminate, slightly recurved at the points, of a whitish green colour beneath, above darker, with the midrib of rather a lighter colour than the rest of the leaf, and from the midrib, small veins sometimes diverge. The petioles are very thick and fleshy in proportion to the leaves, and of the same colour and texture as the stem. The umbels are semiglobose, some times 689 produced in pairs. The flowers have only a moderate fragrance, and are of a pale yellowish colour. The crown is a little paler than the rest of the flower, purple in the centre, with its divisions somewhat channeled. The plant blossomed for the first time at Scion House, in 1825, and was figured from thence in the Botanical Register, the representation in which is excellent. The specific name of pallida then applied to it, very properly distinguishes it from H. carnosa , but a comparison with the other species, will scarcely support its correctness. In H. trinervis , the flower is much paler, and the leaves of H. pallida are when in health, fully as dark, as those of some of the other species. Perhaps any of the three specific names which it had previously obtained, are less objectionable than pallida. (1834) Asclepias parasitica Roxburgh. First description as Asclepias, but no type mentioned. (6) In Flora of Indica 2 (1834) 42. W. Roxburgh. 15. A. parasitica. R. Parasitic, perennial, creeping. Leaves ovate- lanceolate, fleshy, drooping. Umbels simple, globular nectary concave, stellate, protruding five ovate rays at the top. This climbing species is a native of the Sunderbund, or forest in the estuary of the Ganges, where it grows on trees, creeping up, and over their trunks and branches to an extent of some fathoms; emitting roots from ever part, which take fast hold of the parent tree. The first plant brought into the Botanical garden at Calcutta died when planted in the ground, but when tied to trees and their roots fixed in any cavity or fork where some humidity and nourishment was to be found, they grew well, though slowly, and blossomed during the hot season, and about the beginning of the rains in June. 1 have, however, reared them in common earth since. Leaves, opposite, petioled, retrofracted, ovate-lanceolate, acute, of a firm fleshy texture, and smooth on both sides, veins scarcely conspicuous above, and invisible underneath; from two to four inches long, and about one broad. Petiole short, round, ash coloured, in fact, more like a part of a branch than a petiole. Peduncles solitary, interfoliaceous, round, smooth, about an inch and a half long, each supporting a most elegant, drooping, globular umbel of the most beautiful, exquisitely fragrant rather small, pearl-colored flowers. Calyx; leaflets linear, scarcely half the length of the corolla. Corolla. Wheel-shaped, with the divisions cordate. Nectary concave, stellate, protruding five ovate, thick fleshy horns. Or rays at the top. Stamens as in the genus. The pericarp has not yet been found. There is a reprint of this in 1874:255. Note: In this publication as Asclepias parasitica , ovate-lanceolate fleshy drooping leaves, globose umbel, concave nectare, with veins scarcely visible above and invisible underneath 2-4” long & ca. 1" broad, solitary peduncles, smooth 1/2" long, pearl colored flowers, drooping. Sepals linear 1/2 corolla length. 1834 Hoya parasitica (Wall.) first description as a hoya. In Contributions to the Botany of India:37. A Type description with type Wallich Asclepias #29 (7) 9. H. parasitica (Wall.:) parasitica scandens radicans glabra, ramis tenuibus teretibus, foliis carnosis glabris nitidis tenuiter basi trinervis oblongo-lanceolatis 690 attenuatis, pedunculis foliolis ovatis acutis angulo interiore stigmati incumbente. - Wall.! Asclep. n. 29. - Asclepias parasitica , Roxb. fl. Lid. 2,. p. 42; in caet mere. Lid. or. mus. tab. 1382. - In sylva Sunderbund ad aesturarium Gangeticum; Roxburgh. - (R. W.) Translation: parasitic, climbing rooting glabrous, branches thin terete, leaves fleshy glabrous shiny, bases trinerved oblong-lanceolate attenuate, peduncles almost twice shorter than the leaves many flowered, corolla glabrous deeply 5 parted, corona scales ovate acute interior angle incumbent upon the stigma. Wallich Asclepias #29. Asclepias parasitica , Roxburgh flora of India 2, page 42; another location in Eastern India tab. 1382. - In the forests of the Sunderbund near the Ganges estuary. Note: Robert Wight writes species as H. parasitica Wall disregarding the priority of (H. acuta Haworth, 1821) ( Hoya pallida Lindley 1826). He mentions Wallich's Asclepias #29 placing Asclepias parasitica Roxburgh into synonymy. Here he says flower glabrous, the leaves are trinerved at the base, corona scales ovate acute. Mistake here again (plant is not parasitic) and inner coronal scales cover the staminal crown not the stigma. 1837 Hoya parasitica Wallich. Prior only as a MSS (manuscript name). (8) In A General System of Gardening and Botany 4 (1837) 126. G. Don. 10. H. parasitica (Wall. ascl. no. 29. Wight, and Arnott, l.c.) plant parasitical, climbing, radicant, glabrous; branches slender, terete; leaves fleshy, glabrous, shining, finely 3-nerved at the base, oblong-lanceolate attenuated; peduncles almost twice as short as the leaves, many-flowered, sometimes twin; umbels sub-globose: corolla glabrous, deeply, 5-cleft; leaflets of corona ovate, acute, with the inner angles laying upon the stigma, perennial climbing shrub. Native in the woods of Snudabund, at the estuary of the Ganages. Asclepias parasitica Roxb. Fl. ind. 2 p. 42. and mus. ind. orient, t. 1882. H. pallida , Lindl. In bot. reg. t. 951. H. acuta , Haw. rev. p. 4. H. lanceolata , Lindl. in Donn. hort. cantab. ed. II. p. 92. H. albens , Mill, brist. cat. 1826. Flowers fragrant, yellow; corona paler than the rest of the flower, purple in the centre. Feaves paler beneath, and darker above. Parasitical Hoya. Shrub tw. Note: G. Don repeats Robert Wight's mistakes of priority, plant being parasitic and the stigma mistake also. He repeats leaves finely 3 nerved from the base, peduncle 1/2 as long as the leaf length. Sometimes peduncles in twins. He places the species listed by Traill into synonymy but disregarding chronological order, and adding Asclepias parasitica Roxburgh (1834). His sequence is 1834, 1826, 1821, 1826, 1826. He does mention the Type illustration #951 : 1826 of Lindley, nor its priority. (9) In Synopsis Plantarum 6 (1840) 891. D. N. F. Dietrich. 9. H. parasitica Wall, parasitica scandens radicans glabra; ramis teretibus; fol. carnosis glabris nitidis oblongo-lanceolatis attenuatis; cor. glabra profunde 5-fida. Asclepias parasitica Roxburgh. In sylva Sunderbund Ind. or. Subshrub. 691 Translation: parasitic climbing rooting glabrous; branches round; leaves fleshy, glabrous shining oblong-lanceolate, attenuate; corolla glabrous, deeply 5-lobed. Asclepias parasitica , Roxburgh. In trees in masses. Indian Order. Subshrub. Note: D. N. F. Dietrich repeats Wight's and Don's mistake, actually nothing new in this presentation. All 3 say species is from the Sunderbund. (10) In Synopsis Plantarum (1840) 892. D. N. F. Dietrich. 27. H. pallida Lindl. B. R. 951. fol. ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis carnosis venosis; umbella compacta; laciniis cor. obtusiusculis, Patria ignota. Perennial shrub. Translation: leaves ovate lanceolate acuminate flashy veined; umbels compact, flaps of the corolla obtuse. Native land not noted. Note: Same author and same publication, a cursory listing of H. pallida Findley, mentioning he did not know land of origin so I assume he was unfamiliar with much of the above literature. Describing two different species! (id In leones Plantarum (1843). “Indiae Orientalis” Wight. 587. Hoya parasitica (Wall. Asclepias parasitica Roxb.) scandent, parasitical, glabrous, branches slender terete, leaves fleshy, glabrous, shining, slightly 3 -nerved at the base, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to a point; peduncles about half the length of the leaves, many flowered; corolla glabrous, deeply 5 cleft; leaflets of the crown ovate-acute, the interior angle resting on the stigma. — Wight's Contributions. (See drawing 587 page 19) (12) In Prodromus 8 (1844) 636. DeCandolle. 13. H. pallida (Lindl. Bot. reg. 951), volubilis, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis carnosis venosis, umbella hemispherica compacta. Hoya carnosci differt, praeter character, supra datis colore foliorum multo interiore, floribus rubicundis odoratioribus, corollae laciniis acutioribus. Woody climber. Patria... In caldariis culta et sub nom. Hoyae carnosae confusa. H. lanceo/ata Lindl. in Don cat. edit. II, p. 92. H. acute Haw. rev. pi. succ. p. 4,. H. albens ? Mill. Brist. cat. 1826. Translation: twining, leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate fleshy veined, umbel hemispherical compact. It differs from Hoya carnosa , beyond the character, color of the foliage above given a more intense color, flowers red highly scented, flaps of the corolla more acute. Woody climber. A native. In cool greenhouse culture and somewhat confused with Hoya carnosa Note: Decaisne in De Chandelle Prod. Sys. Veg. 8 636 publishes H. pallida Lindley similar to Findley's 1826 description and the next species 637 Pub. H. parasitica (Wall. Wight et Arnott.) repeating most of G. Don's characterizations. With the citations out of chronological order. Evidently he is just listing & described species. (13) In DeCandolle, Prodromus Syst, Veg, 8 (1844) 637. Decaisne. 19. H parasitica (Wall. Wight et Arn.! contrib. p. 37), scandens radicans parasitica glabra, ramis tenuibos, 692 foliis oblongo-lanceolalis basi et apice attenuatis carnosis glabris nitidis tenniter et obsolete basi triaerviis, peduncalis folio brevioribus multifloris, pedicellis gracilibus, corolla glabra alte 5-fida, coronae stam. foliol. ovatis acutis angulo interiore stigmate incumbente. Vining shrub in sylva Sunderbund ad Gangeticum aestuarium. Asclepias parasitica Roxb. FI. ind. 2, p. 42, (v. s. h. Mus. par.) Translation: climbing rooting parasitic glabrous; branches slender, leaves oblong-lanceolate base & apex attenuate fleshy glabrous shiny and obsoletely three nerved from the base, peduncles shorter than the leaves, many flowered, pedicels slender, corolla glabrous deeply 5 parted, leaflets of the staminal corona ovate acute interior angle incumbent upon the stigma. Vining shrub in trees on the banks of the Ganges estuary. Asclepias parasitica , Roxburgh (T have seen it in the Paris Museum.) 1849 Plocostemma pallidum Bl. First time placed in Genus Plocostemma. (14) In Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum 1 (1849) 60. C. L. Blume. 152 Plocostemma pallidum Bl. foliis oblongis v. ovato-oblongis acuminatis distincte venosis; umbellis pedunculatis terminalibus et interpetiolaribus; corolla patenti intus ad basin parce stuposa. — in sylvis montanis insulae Sumatrae. Translation: 152. Plocostemma pallidum Blume. leaves oblong or ovate-oblong acuminate distinctly veined; umbels pedunculate terminal and interpetiolate; corolla flat inside at the base sparingly with mated wool like hairs. — in the forests of Sumatra Island. Note: C. L. Blume here places the species in a different genus as Plosostemma pallidum Bl. I do not think, however, this is the same species (evidently not the same as H. pallida Lindley) as he says the veining is distinct and the corolla inside is sparingly with matted wool like hairs and the species is from Sumatra. Now it is possible it is part of a cline and thus the differences but at this time (if true) this had not been established. It is a far jump from a glabrous corolla ( inside) to one with matter wool. (15) In Tuinbouw Flora 1 (1853) 72. H. W. De Vreise. 14. Hoya parasitica Wall. Deze woekerende was-bloem onderscheidt zich gemakkelijk door halen eigenaardiren lancetvormigen bladvorm. Zij schijnt tot hiertoe niet te zijn afgbeeld. Zij is beschreven bij Wight en Arnott (Contributions p. 37) en bij Roxburgh (fl. ind. 2. p. 42). Zij komt in zeer Weinige verzamelinger voor. Het is mij niet belcend, dat zij ooit in de kassen gebloeid heeft. Zij komt voor op den catalogus van Jacob Maqoy. Translation: These selections have-flowers distinguishing it easily by the lance-shaped leaves. They appear dead for this not to be pictured. They are described by Wight and Arnott (Contributions p. 37) and by Roxburgh (fl.ind.2.p.42). For they come in very few assembled divisions. It is not known to me, that they ever have thrived in the house. They come from on the catalog from Jacob Maqoy. 693 (16) In Annales Botanices Systematicas 3 (1852-1853) 67. G. C. Walpers. In leones addendae, 66. H. pallida Lindl. — Dene, in DC. l.c. 636. no. 13. — Paxt. & Lindl. l.c. tab. 23. (Also under Plocostemma Blume. 67. Pl. pallidum Blume l.c. no. 152, — Foliis oblongis vel ovato-oblongis acuminata distincte venosis; umbellis pedunculatis temiinalibus & interpeteo lari bus; corolla patente, intus ad basin parce stuposa. — In sylvis montanis insula Javae. Translation: Leaves oblong or ovate oblong acuminate distinctly veined; umbellis with peduncles terminal and between the petioles; corolla flat, inside at the base moderately hairy. — In the forested mountains of the island of Java. Note: G. C. Walpers describing H. pallida Lindley, repeating C. L. Blume' description of P. parasitica. My conclusions are the same as under (12). Here it describes a sp. from Java. (I do not believe this species is Hoyci pallida Lindley) (17) In Handbook of Indian Flora 2 (1866) 242. Robert Wight. (8) H. parasitica. (Wall). Ident. Wight’s Contrib. p. 37. — Dec. prodr. VIII. p. 637. Syn.. Asclepias parasitica , Roxb. Flor. hid. II. p. 42. Engrav. Wight’s Icon, t.587. Spec. Char. Parasitic, climbing, rooting: leaves fleshy, glabrous, shining, 3 nerved at the base, oblong-lanceolate, attenuated, peduncles shorter than the leaf, many-flowered: corolla glabrous, deeply 5-cleft: leaflets of the stamina! crown ovate-acute; inner angle incumbent on the stigma: flowers white, fragrant. Woods on the banks of the Ganges. Note: Robert Wight describes H. parasitica (Wall.) Ident. Wight's Contrib. p. 37 (published in 1834) places A. parasitica Roxb. into synonymy. He also repeats G. Don's mistakes of being parasitic and the stigma error. Citations not in chronological order. Wight disregards the priority. (18) In Flora Indica (1874) 255. Roxburgh. (Reprint of Carey’s 2 (1832) *43. 15. A. parasitica. R. Parasitic, perennial, creeping. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, fleshy, drooping. Umbles simple, globular; nectary concave, stellate, protruding five ovate rays at the top. This charming species is a native of the Sunderbund, or forest in the estuary of the Ganges, where it grows on trees, creeping up, and over their trunks and branches to an extent of some fathoms; emitting roots from every part, which take fast hold of the parent tree. The, first plant brought into the Botanic garden at Calcutta died when planted in the ground; but when tied to trees and their roots, fixed in any cavity or fork where some humidity and nourishment was to be found, they grew well, though slowly, and blossomed during the hot season, and about the beginning of the rains in June. I have, however, reared them in common earth since. Leaves opposite, petioled, retrofracted, ovate-lanceolate, acute, of a firm fleshy texture, and smooth on both sides; veins scarcely conspicuous above, and invisible underneath; from two to four inches long, and about one broad. Petioles short, round, ash- coloured, in fact, more like a part of a branch than a petiole. Peduncles solitary, interfoliaceous, round, smooth, about an inch and a half long, each supporting a most 694 elegant, drooping, globular umbel, of the most beautiful, exquisitely fragrant, rather small, pearl colored flowers. Calyx; leaflets linear, scarcely half the length of the corol. Corol wheel-shaped, with the divisions cordate concave, stellate, protruding five ovate, thick fleshy, horns, or rays at the top. Stamens as in the genus. The pericarp has not yet been found. Note: * most accounts say 42. Roxburgh (reprint from 1832) repeats the parasitic mistake but mentions the "nectary concave" and the Ganges location. Same as his 1834 publication. A first hand account. Although it is a reprint the final sentences are not the same (after corolla wheel shaped not as the original). There are many more descriptions of Hoya acuta Haworth (Syn. H. pallida Lindley Syn. H. parasitica Wallich, A. parasitica Roxburgh and those species designated by James Trail and more by J. D. Hooker next above, incorrectly in my judgment. In this latter endeavor he was followed by King & Gamble 1908; Constantin 1912 and others). Up to this point in time the characteristics as taken from the above literature of this species are: Native of the Ganges region (Delta.... low elevation) Leaves ovate lanceolate acuminata; three nerved from the base; 2-4” long x 1” wide. Midrib of rather lighter color Compact hemispherical umbels; corolla inside glabrous, deeply cut Corona scales ovate acute; concave Petioles are very thick and fleshy; short Veins scarcely conspicuous above invisible below Peduncles 1/2 length of the leaf, would be 3.75 cm when leaf is 3” long. Calyx leaflets linear, 1/2 length of corolla tube Note: Lindley published (supposedly the same species) as Hoya pallida. (Bot. Reg. 9:951. He said the umbels as being hemispherical, less fragrant and segments more acute than H. carnosa. Evidently he did not know of the Haworth (1821) publication, or considered it invalid. Holotype is 951 (Ilustration). (19) The Flora of British India (1883) 57-58. J. D. Hooker. 23. H. parasitica, Wall, in Wight Contrib. 37 and Cat. 8159: glabrous, leaves 3-5 in. ovate elliptic or lanceolate acute or acuminate 3-5 nerved, peduncles solitary or in pairs short or long slender or stout, pedicels slender long glabrous, coronal-processes longer than the corolla-tube. Wight 1c. t. 587; Dene, in DC. Prodr. viii. 637. H. Hooker iana, Wight Contrib. p.. 37; Wall. Cat. 8153; Dene. .1. c. 636. Hoya sp. Wall. Cat. 8153. H. pallida , Lindl. In Bot. Reg. t. 951; Paxt. FI. Gard. t. 26, copied in Femaire Jard. Fleur, t. 64. Asclepias parasitica , Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and FI.. Ind. ii. 42. Assam; Conulla, Clarke. Khasi Mts. Ascending to 2000 ft. Sunderbund, and from Chittagong to Singapore, Malacca and the Andaman Islds. 695 A tall climber, stem stout or slender. Leaves extremely variable in length and breadth, much the largest in Khasian specimens, nerves obscure; petiole lA- % in., very thick. Peduncles 1-3 in., slender or stout and becoming much thickened and scarred; pedicels % -1 in, Sepals small, ovate. Corolla 14 in diam., pearly white; lobes glabrous within, always inflexed in dried specimens with the coronal-processes projecting between them; these are ascending, ovate, acute, concave with a mesial ridge above, with the narrow end outwards, and the inner angle very short, white, pink at the junctures — I have seen no fruit. Except in the large leaves, sometimes 9 in. long, I can find no character for H. Hookeriana, H. cinnamomifolia , Hook. Bot. Note: the description of Hooker's is not of H. parasitica Wall ( H . acuta Haw..). Sepals here listed as ovate. T have not found the same species at sea level and also at 2000'. His citations are again not in chronological order. Does he mean he can find no differences in characters in H. hookeriana and II. cinnamomifolia (if so he did not study them very carefully) This is the first mention of a mesial ridge on corona. Sepals here listed as ovate, coronal processes longer than the corolla tube. In addition the next 4 descriptions may or may not be of this species. (24) by King & Gamble is also not a description of this species. The descriptions in 1913, 1917, and 1923 below are questionable. (20) In Dictionary of Gardening (1885). G. Nicholson. Hoya parasitica , ( H . pallida) pale yellow or straw with a pink corona. Very fragrant in moderate sized umbels. Summer. Leaf fleshy, ovate dark green. India 1815. B. R. 951. (21) In Transactions of the Linnean Society 3 (2nd series) (1888) 321. H. Ridley. H. parasitica , Wall. Pramau, near Pekan. (22) In Aberdeen University Studies “The Flora of Siam” (????) 134. Hoya parasitica, Wall. F. B. I., iv. p. 57. Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 300-600 m., Kerr, 1690. (23) In Dictionary of the Royal Horticulture Society. (1893). H. parasitica. 1. variable, elliptic to lanceolate or ovate, fleshy dark green, fl. pale yellow or straw; corona pink, vary fragrant, umbels of moderate size. Summer. India 1815. (B. R. 951 sp. H. pallida). Note: how did he arrive at the date 1815? (24) hr Flora of the Malayan Peninsula (1908) 572. King & Gamble. 14. Hoya parasitica, Wall, in Wight Contrib. 37 (1834), and Cat. 159. A stout climbing epiphytic shrub, creeping, over the trunks and branches of trees and giving off roots from every part (Roxb.); branches smooth, pale, fleshly. Leaves fleshy, thick, very variable; Ovate or elliptic or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded or almost cordate to cuneate at base; glabrous on both surfaces; margins curved; 3 to 7 in. long, 1.5 to 3 in. broad; 5-nerved from the base, the outermost pair thin, forming loops near the margins, from the sinuses of which transverse nerves join them to the middle pair; midrib with several transverse nerves also joining the middle pair, which have one or two loops near the tip, all raised on both surfaces when dry, as are the other irregular reticulations, petiole very 696 thick, .25 to 1 in. long. Umbels many-flowered, racemose, on short or long (reaching 4 in.), thick (often nearly .25 in. in diam.), tubercular rachises at the ends of stout 1 to 3 in. long axillary or lateral peduncles which are solitary or in pairs; pedicels slender, .5 in. long or longer ; buds turbinate, 5-angled; flowers pearly-white with a pink centre, very fragrant. Calyx membranous; lobes ovate, acute; scales very small. Corolla .3 in. broad; lobes cordate, glabrous, inflexed, with the corona-processes projecting between them. Corona of 5 membranous 2-lobed processes, which are horny and shining when dry, and white with pink tips; the outer lobes ovate, spreading, grooved beneath; the upper lobes erect, acute. Staminial-column, short; anther-cells divergent; appendages membranous, acute; pollen-masses oblong, truncate, thin on the outer margin, attached by short thick (translators) caudiclers to the conical pollen carriers (caudicles). Style-apex membranous, 5-angled, conical-apiculate. Fruit not known. Wight 1. c. 587, Dene, in DC. Prodr. VIII. 637; Hook. FI. Br. Ind. IV. 57, Prain Beng, Plants 700. H. hookeriana , Wight contrib. 3- Wall. Cat. 8153; Dene. 1. c. 636. Hoya sp., Wall Cat.8 153. H. pallida , Lindl. in. Bot. Reg. t. 951, Paxt: FI. Gard. t. 26. copied in Lemaeire Jard. Fleur, t. 64. Asclepias parasitica , Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and FI. Ind. II. 42; Wight lc. t. 587. Kwdah: Kunstler 1829. Penang: at Waterfall, Curtis. Perak: at Sungie Larut, Wray 2273; at Bake Kuran, Scortechini 1626; atUlu Bubong, King's Collector 10316. Malacca: Griffith; Maingay (K.D.) 1126, 1132, 1138. Pahang: Praman, near Pekan, Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, III. 321. Singapore: Ridley 1796, 8070. — Distrib. India (Sikkim, Assam, Sundarbans, Chittagong, Andaman islands). Kunstler describes the colour of the flowers as “white with a pink centre" or “waxy white with a purplish tinge," but Wray says it is “pale greenish -yellow with a few small spots of crimson." Roxburgh, who had it in cultivation, says the flowers are “pearl- coloured”, and is what the FI. Br. Ind. says of the corolla, giving the corona-processes as “white with pink at the junctures." Maingay (MS. Notes IV. p. 41) says, “petals white, faintly greenish towards the tips, corona white. "These remarks, for what seems clearly to be the same plant, explain the difference between Lindley's and Paxton's drawings alluded to in the FI. Br. Ind. As remarked in FI. Br. Ind., H. cinnamofolia , Hook. Bot. Mag. 4347, from Java “has very similar flowers and leaves.” But for the corolla being green and the corona purple in that fig., we should be inclined to place it under H. parasitica. Notes: the leaves keep getting larger from early descriptions and calyx now referred to as ovate (not linear). Roxburgh 2-4". Hooker 3-5" and here 3-7" long. Citations not in chronological order. He has misquoted Hooker also. Here the corolla inner surface is listed as glabrous yet all the species we now label as H. acuta (parasitica, pallida) from the Malay Peninsula, Sabah Malaysia and Singapore have puberulent inner coronal lobes. Leaves here with 5 basal nerves not 3. (25) In Kew Bulletin (1911) 418. Hoya parasitica , Wall. ( F. B. I., iv. p. 57. Chiengmai, Doi Sootep, 330-660 m., Kerr, 1690. Distr. India, Burma, Malay Peninsula. (26) In Flore Generales des Indo Chine 4 (1912) 134-136. J. Costantin. 2. H. parasitica Wall, in Wight Contrib., p. 37; Wight Icon., tab. 587; Dene in DC. Prodr., VIII, p. 637; 697 King and Gamble. Nat. Mala., Ill p. 782; Craib, in Kew. Bull., 1911, p. 418; H. Hookeriana Wight Contr., p. 37; H. pallida Lindl. in Bot. Reg., tab. 951; Paxt. FI. Gard., tab. 26, Lemaire Jard. Fleur, tab. 64; Asclepias parasitica Roxb.; H. cinnamofolia Hook. Bot. Mag., tab. 347; FI. d. Serres, IV, p. 310. Arbrisseau epiphyte quelquefois terrestre, vigoureux, rampant sur les troncs et les branches, produisant des racines adventives. Tige souvent rouge fonce; branches lisses, pales, charnues. Feuilles parfois tres chamues, epaisses, polymorphes, ovales, elliptiques ou lanceolees, aigues ou acuminees a la pointe, en coin ou'rarement arrondies a la base, glabres sur les 2 faces, a bords rouges, recourbes; nervures basilaires 3-5, laterales 20, tres fines, toutes saillantes, presque ailees ou ondulees en dessous par dessiccation; limbe long de 5-18 cm. sur 3-5.5 cm.; petiole vigoureux, tres charnu, long de 6-20 mm. Inflorescence: ombelle multiflore; pedoncule axillaire devenant tres epais apres la fecondation, long de 5-10 cm., a sommet cylindrique et epais long de 3.5 cm. sur 5 mm. a nombreuses cicatrices, simple ou ramifie; pedicelles de I'ombelle greles, longs de 1.5-2 cm., glabres ou finement granuleux ou a rares polls courts; boutons turbines, pentagonaux; fleurs blanches ou jaunatres, parfois orangees a la pointe, rosees ou violacees au centre, de 6-7 mm. de diam. a parfum esquis. — Calice a sepales ovales aigus, presentant entre 2 sepales interieurement 1 glance tres petite. Corolle glabre, finement papilleuse ou puberulente en dedans; lobes ovales-triangulaires, inflechis entre les appendices de la coronule. Coronule: pieces 5, cornees, brillantes, assez minces, jaunatres sur le sec, blanches, roses ou violacees au sommet, en nacelle, a 2 cotes ou 1 cote bifurquee vers le bas, les pointes extemes ovales, etalees, aigues, l'extremite interne dressee, aigue. Semines a colonne courte; antheres a loges divergentes; appendices du connectif membraneux, aigus; masses polliniques oblongues, tronquees, minces sur la merge externe; caudicules epais; retinacles coniques. Pistil: tete stylaire membraneuse, pentagonale, surmontee d'un cone apicule. Fruit: follicules tres etroits, macules de brun rouge, lisses, droits, inflechis a l'extremite, longs de 14 cm. sur 4 mm.; graines aigrettees (3-4 mm. X 1 mm.). — Fig. 18, p. 131. Cambodge: Me. Arat, Schral (Pierre); Kampot (Geoffray). — Cochinchine: monts Dinh, pres Baria (Pierre); pres Kaidol (Deniis cult, au Museum). — Tonkin: Vo-xa (Bon). — Laos: Luang-prabang (Massie), bassin du Semoun (Harmand). — Siam: Xieng-may (Kerr). — Singapore et presqu'ile Malaise, Birmanie. Var. Spire i Cost. — Feuilles extrtmement charnues et atteignant d'assez grandes dimensions (15 cm. X 6.5 cm.); fleurs a corolle tres fortement poilue en dedans; pedicelle peu poilu. Laos: Luang-prabang (Spire). Noms laot.: Dok tan, Dok than. Var. Geoffrayi Cost. — Rameaux legerement pubescents; sepales peu ou pas cilies au bord, poilus sur le dos. Corolle veloutee-pubescente en dedans. Graines fines (3 mm. X 0.5 mm.). Cambodge: Kampot, foret de plaine (Geoffray). ** Feuilles de moins de 5.5 cm. de large. Tige glabre; feuilles allongees, oblongues, en coin a la base, aigues a la pointe; parfois tres charnues, a nervures a peine visibles; follicules large de 4 mm. et plus 12 . H. parasitica. Notes: *Hoya parasitica var geoffrayi is Geoffray 382 (P) per J. F. Veldkamp 28 Oct. 1994. Lectotype for variety Spire was selected by D. Kent: Spire 1529 (P) annotated. ** Inflorescences laterales, non tennmales. Nervures 3-5 a la base du limbe; les autres nervures secondaires obliques par rapport a la nervure principale. ... 12. H. 698 parasitica. H. parasitica : 12, pollinaire, pollinie p, ritinacle r X 10; — 1 3, feuille X 10; ( 1/8. Translation: Epiphytic shrub, sometimes terrestrial, vigorous, trailing upon trunks and branches; producing adventitious roots. Stems often dark red; branches smooth, pale, fleshy. Leaves often very fleshy, thick, variable, in shape, oval, elliptic or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, in a wedge, or rarely rounded at the base, glabrous on both surfaces, with red borders, turned under; basal nerves 3 to 5, lateral 2, very fine, all prominent, almost winged or wavy at the base, when dried; 5 to 18 cm long by 3 to 5.5 cm. wide; petiole strong and fleshy, 6 to 20 mm. long. Inflorescence: many flowered umbel, peduncle axillary, becoming very thick from flowering, 5 to 10 cm. long; rachis cylindric, 3.5 mm. thick by 5 mm long with many scars, single or branched; pedicels slender 1.5 to 2 cm. long, glabrous or finely granular with sparse short hairs; buds obconical 5 sided; flowers, white or yellowish, sometimes orange at the tips; pinkish or purplish in the center 6 to 7 mm. in diameter with an exquisite scent. Calyx with oval pointed sepals, having 1 very small gland inside between the sepals. Corolla glabrous, finely papillose or puberulous within; lobes ovate-triangular, bent inwards between corona scales. Corona 5-lobed, horny, glossy, rather small, yellowish when dried, white and pinkish or purplish on crown, boat shaped, 2 cleft at the base, external tips oval and spreading, acute, inner apexes erect, acute. Staminal column short; anthers placed opposite, with the connecting membranes pointed; pollinia oblong, truncate, thin on the outer margins; caudicles thick; retinacula conical. Pistal: styles membranous 5-sided, having an apiculate cone on top. Fruit: follicles very narrow, spotted brown-red, smooth, straight, turned in at the tips, to 14 cm. long x 4 mm.; seeds tufted (3 to 4 mm. x 1 mm.) Variety Spire i. Cost.: Leaves extremely fleshy, reaching 15 cm. x 6.5 cm. Flowers with corolla very strongly-hairy inside, pedicel not very hairy. Variety Geoffrayi , Cost.: Branched lightly pubescent. Sepals a little or not at all ciliate on edge, hairy on the back. Corolla velvety-pubescent inside. Fine seeds. (3mm. X 0.5 mm.) -660 m., Kerr, 1690. Distr. India, Burma, Assam, Malay Peninsula. Note: again quotations not in chronological order. Elevation too high in some references of this species. Parts differ from early descriptions. Many discrepancies from early descriptions "corona.... 2 cleft at the base" what does this mean? Is it bilobed? or is this channeling, and he says external tips oval and acute. Maybe he means shape oval, apex acute? Certainly he is not describing H. acuta, pallida not parasitica. I believe these varieties are actually different species. (27) In Cyclopedia of Gardening (1913) 1613. L. H. Bailey. H. pallida , Lindl. ( H . parasitica Wall (H. pallida , Lindl.) Tall climber; lvs. fleshy, variable, ovate-elliptic to lanceolate: fls. pale yellow or straw-color. The corona pinkish. India. B. R. 951. J. F. L. n. 64. (28) In Journal of the Federated Malay States 5 (1917) 164. H. Ridley. 48. Hoy a parasitica Wall. Koh Sarnui. No. 5718. Common in the Malay Peninsula. 699 (29) In A Flora of the Andaman Islands 2 (1923) 209. C. E. Parkinson. Hoya parasitica Wall, deserves mention. It is a scandent twiner in mangrove swamps. It has thick fleshy dead looking, epiphytic 3-5 nerved leaves and waxy white and pinkish umbellate flowers with pearly luster. Follicles very slender. (30) In Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 395-396. H. N. Ridley. (6) H. parasitica Wall. Wight, Contrib. 37; King , l.c. 572. H. pallida Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 951. Stem rather slender climbing widely over trees. Leaves fleshy drying rigid, coriaceous but thin, oblong elliptic sub-acute or blunt base shortly narrowed, occasionally rounded at base, 3 to 4 in. long. 1 to 2 in. wide; petiole .2 in. long, thick. Peduncles stout 1 to 3 in. long, rachis thick elongated to 4 in. long, pedicles small oblong blunt. Corolla .3 across, pearly white or pinkish white, lobes inflexed, glabrous ovate cordate acute. Hab. Common on trees on river banks and near the sea. Singapore, Jurong; Pulau Serapu; Palua Tekong; Jahor, Pulau Tinggi (Fielding). Pahang, Pekan. Malacca (Maingay, Griffith). Dindings, Pangkor. Perak, Sungei Larut (Wray). Kedah (Kunstler). Adang group on Pulau Tengah. Dist. India. Corona processes acute; corolla spreading. Leaf-nerves 3 to 5 from base, conspicuous. Leaves oblong, base narrowed, flowers white (6) H parasitica Note: This fits the early descriptions but is not like the H. acuta's found in the areas he is mentioning all of which have puberulous inner corolla lobes. (31) In Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 40-41. Hoya parasitica (Roxb.) Wall ex Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 37 (1834); F. B. I. iv. 57; Mat. F. M. P., No. 19, 572 (782); F. M. P. ii 396; F. I. C. iv. 134, fig. 18. Hoya Ridleyi King et Gamble in Journ. AS. Soc. Beng. lxxiv, ii, 575 (1907) (Mat. F. M. P., No. 19, 575 (785)). Hoya globifera* Ridl. Journ. F. M. S. Mus. v. 164 (1915). Asclepias parasitica Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20 (1814), nomen tantum, et FI. Ind. ii. 42 (1832). F. K. V. x. 318; Ridl. ii 56, ii. 164 et iv 102; Craib I 418 et ii 134. Hoya sp. Ost. 7614. PA YAP. Doi Sutep, 330-660m, Kerr 1690! NAKAWN SAWAN.. Raheng, along river, Lindhard 47 (Herb. Copenhagen)! CHANT ABURL Rayawng, Ban Pe, Put 2697 ! Kao Sabap, W. slopes, 15m., Seidenfaden 2677! Kaw Chang, Lem Dan, mangrove and littoral forest, Schmidt 138! 168! Kaw Chang, Klawng Mayom, Schmidt 607b! PRACHINBURI. Sriracha, Nawng Nam Kio, 60m., Mrs. D. J. Collins 1257! KRUNGTEP. Bangkok, on fruit trees, Kerr 4226! 6963! Marcan 243! RACHABURI. Bangtapan, Keith (ex Ridl.). SURAT. Kaw Tao, on rocks close to beach, Kerr 12711! Kaw Panang, Robinson 5756 (type! of Hoya globifera). Kaw Samui, Put 869! Robinson 5718! Kaw Prap, on trees by beach, Kerr 12529! PUKET. Pang-nga, Kao Yao Yai, on trees by beach and in scrub, Kerr 17494! 17565! Satul, Ban Tengah, Ridley 16346 et 16348 (Herb. Singapore!) Pulau Adang, Ridley 15854 (Herb. Singapore)! Lang-kawi, Curtis (Herb. Singapore)! Robinson! NAKAWN SRITAMARAT. Singora, on bushes in sandy ground near sea, Kerr 15108! Distr. Bengal! (type), Assam! Burma! French Indo-China (ex (F. I. C.) Pen. Mai.! 700 Local names: Lin hia ( ), Siamese, Bangkok; Nom mia ( ), Siamese, ex Put); Nom pichit ( ). Siamese, Rayawng (Ex Put); Nua matawm ( ), Lao, Chiangmai. Lhis is a very variable species: the variations affecting the texture, shape, size and venation of the leaves, and to a lees extent, the size of the flower and shape of the corolla lobes. As the writer has been unable to find good characters for distinguishing H. globifera* Ridl. and Hoya Ridley i King et Gamble from Hoy a parasitica , they are here included in that species. Several authors have regarded Hoya pallida Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 951 (1826) as synonymous with Hoya parasitica , while ignoring its priority. It is probable, however, that Lindley’s plant is a distinct species. A reference to his plate shows that the leaves are penninerved, while the corolla is unlike that of H. parasitica ; Loureiro’s Stapelia cochinchinensis , as represented by a sheet in the British Museum Herbarium, is Hoya parasitica as understood here. In view of the discrepancy between Loureiro's description of the flowers of his species and the actual flowers on the sheet mentioned, his specific name is not taken up here. Note: *the repeated mistake in the name of Ridley’s species. His broadness in defining species is extreme. Altitudes too high in some citations. . He also ignores the priority of Hoya acuta if it had priority, while discussing H. pallida. Lhis is the first time H. pallida is surmised as being a separate species. (32) In Bengal Plants 2 (1963) 519. Botanical Survey of India D. Prain. Leaves, branches, and umbels quite glabrous; sepals ovate; corolla pearly white, 3 in. wide; lobes glabrous within; coronal processes longer than corolla-tube; peduncles short or long; leaves 3-5 in. long, ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, margins Hat; petiole .75-1 in. (p. 519) .... Hoya parasitica. This is not H. parasitica Wall. (33) In Cay-co Mien Nam Viet Nam 2 (1972) 198. 3192 Hoya parasitica Wall, in Wight. Ho-hoa. ky-sinh Phu-sinh it khi o dat; than thurng do dam. La map, day, dahinh xoan den thon, dai 5-1 8cm, gan rat min. Tan tron nhieu hoa; hoa tang hay vang-vang, tarn timtim, rong 6-8mm, rat thorn; vanh khong long. Manh-nang hep 4mm dai 14cm, co dom nau do; hot dai 3 -4mm, co long-mao Nui Dinh (h. theo Wight). Translation: Not translated. (34) In Malayan Nature Journal 30 3/4 (1978) 514, 517. R. E. Rintz. 22a) Hoya parasitica (Roxburgh) Wallich ex Wight, Contr. 37 (1834). Type: E. India, Assam collector? (not seen). — FIG. 26. = 77. ridleyi King & Gamble, JAS. Beng. IV (1903) 575. Type: Malaysia, Ridley (K). = H. globifera RMley, J.F.M.S. Mus. V (1915)164. Type: Sumatra, Ridley (K). Distinguishing Features: Leaves fleshy, elliptical with cuneate bases; c. 10cm long by 4cm wide; veins not easily seen. Peduncle horizontal, rigid, 3 — 5cm long. Umbel negatively-geotropic, convex with rigid, uniform pedicels c. 3cm long; 1-40 flowers, open 4 days. Corolla somewhat spreading, pubescent inside; c. 1.5cm diam., white. 701 Corona upper lobe deep pink, lower lobe white. Follicle c. 12cm long by 4mm diam; often produced in large numbers. Ecology: All along the coasts from Langkawi and Kota Baru to Singapore, often draping the trees in great abundance; rarely inland. Distribution: E. Borneo, Java (?), Sulawisi. Note: this describes the sp. that now in commerce is called H. acuta , however its inner corolla lobes are puberulent not pubescent. 1 do not agree with lumping the following species H. citrina in with H. parasitica and ignoring the priority of H. pallida and Hoya acuta. Hoya globiflova Ridley is misspelled as H. globifera Ridley repeating the mistake form Florae Si amen sis Enumeratio (1951). (35) In Malayan Nature Journal 30 3/4 (1978) 514,517. R. E. Rintz. 22b) Hoya parasitica var. Citrina (Ridley) Rintz, comb nov. — FIG. 27. = H. citrina Ridley, J.R.A.S.S.Br. 86 (1922) 300. Type: Malaysia, Slinger, Btu Coves, Ridley (K). Distinguishing Features: Identical floral ly to H. parasitica but differs in the large leaves which are usually fleshy, ovate with cordate bases and a pair of veins parallel to the midrib; c 15cm long by 8cm wide; often glossy green above and red or green below. The leaves are very similar to those of H. latifolia . Intermediate leaf forms, which are elliptical with cuneate bases but with the extra pair of veins parallel to the midrib, occur on Pulau Pangkor. Ecology: Generally occurring inland along lowland rivers but especially common on limestone hills in Pahang, Perak and Selangor. (36) In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 77. 6. The Asclepiadaceae of Central Myanmar Nyo Maung. 14. Hoya parasitica Wall. Ex. Traill. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7 (1830) 23. Epiphytic, high climbing vine; leaves thick and fleshy ovate-lanceolate; inflorescence umbelliform raceme; corolla lobes reflexed, stellately spreading; corona scales ovoid, thick with convex surfaces. Distribution: Rakhire State, forest. Note: Constantin 1912 said corolla lobes bent inward, here reflexed. Is this just due to the stage the flowers were in when observed? The coronal lobes here are ovoid. This must be a different species. (37) In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 91. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. 27. H. parasitica Wall, in FBI 4 (1883) 57. FMP 2 (1923) 396; FIC 4 (1912) 134-136; FI Siam. Enum. 3 (1951) 40-41: Malay Nat. J. 30 (1978) 514, fig. 26 & 27. Occurrence: widely distributed. Discussion (RDK): Note that the early literature shows the calyx to be “linear” and not until Hooker (1883) is it said to be “small ovate”. In addition the early literature also says the corolla is “glabrous” even Hooker says glabrous but then by 1912 Constantin says the corolla is “corolla glabrous, finely papilose or puberulous within” and the discrepancies proceed from there. 702 The species today in our collections as Hoya parasitica/Hoya acuta have puberulous corollas inside, none, however, have pubescent corollas as with VahTs S. verticillata/Hoya verticillata . (see presentation further on). Glabrous or puberulent may be a minor matter but when I see this type of discrepancy in literature I wonder if we actually have our present plants correctly labeled. There are other differences such as leaf length and size, petiole length, flower color (which is a really variable character in a species); corona ovate acute verses cordate concave or external points oval. Also look at the following drawings from the older literature and notice among other characters the leaf venation depicted. VahTs species came from the Eastern India and probably from the East coast of the Deccan Peninsula, and so does H. parasitica but any collector has seen 2-3-4 hoyas species growing on the same tree let alone numerous species in an given area. VahTs species have smaller leaves, with different and distinctive nervation, petioles are different, the pubescent corolla with glabrous apical apices are entirely different than any Hoya parasitica , the coronal lobes are not channeled but definitely sharply keeled down the center, the scales are long and narrow with sharp acute apices and the pollinium are broader and shorter and unlike any Hoya parasitica pollinia or pollinarium. This is in addition to differences in measurements for the flowers and their parts. All in all there are too many discrepancies for Hoya parasitica to be the same as Vahl's species. What they are synonymous with I have not as yet determined. One should also consider whether all the synonyms of H. parasitica are correct or not. Shouldn't the correct name be H. acuta Haworth ? Here are the citations of Hoya angustifolia Traill: Hoya angustifolia Traill Type description. In Transactions of the Royal Horticulture Society 7 (1830) 29. James Traill. Hoya angustifolia Traill. Leaves narrowly-lanceolate, Native of China. Narrow leaved Hoya. Shrub twining. Leaves membranaceous. Leaflets of corona without any furrow beneath. Note: No furrow below places it in the Section Otostemma (Bl.) Miquel along with H. lacunosa Blume. This can not be H. acuta Haworth. Other literature: In Dictionary of the Royal Horticulture Soc. (1830). Hoya angustifolia Traill. Slender climber, young shoots sparsely hairy. L. linear-lanceolate, 4 - 6 in. long 1/2 in. wide, fleshy, acute, deep green fl. white with small purple eye, about 3/4 in. across; umbels 8-12 fid.; pedicels 1 in. long. China. 703 Note: leaves longer and narrower, 1/2 the number of flowers of H. pallida Lindley In General System of Gardening 4 (1837) 127. G. Don. Hoya angustifolia Traill, leaves narrow-lanceolate. Woody shrub, twining. Native of China. Narrow-leaved hoya. In Journal of the Linnean Society 26 (1889) 116. W. B. Hemsley. The name Hoya angustifolia, Traill (Trans Hort. Soc. Lond. vii. p. 29), was proposed for a cultivated plant, of Chinese origin the flowers of which were unknown. In Enumeration of Plants from China, Formosa, Hainan, the Corea, the Tuchu Archipelago 2 (1899-1902) 1 16. Hoya angustifolia Traill. The name was proposed for a cultivated plant, of Chinese origin, the flower of which were unknown. Same notation in Journal of the Linnean Society 26 ( 1 889) 116. In Hortus III. (1976) 574. Hoya angustifolia Traill not Elmer. Slender climber stems and leaves pubescent; leaves linear-lanceolate to 6” long; infl. few-flowered; corolla white to 3/4” across. Corona purple at center. China. Note: H. pallida Lindley Type illustration shows 23 flowers in cluster. Note: See under H. pottsii Trail in Linnean Society Journal. 704 From leones Plantarium (reduced) by Wight #6 publication above (1846). Note especially the leaf shape and venation, also the sepals reaching the corolla sinuses and the same for the corona, (this may be due to a stylized drawing) - 1 Sf'/y/f/st ' k"f>J , ■ 'Xu'/t fifth /ttf- M\ f - - » a n?r - v »■ Tr) Af-r/' 705 (Above) From Lindley’s Botanical Register (1826) as Hoya pallida. Synonymous with Hoya parasitica. Note the long peduncle and leaf venation that is not clearly defined on upper surface obsolete on lower surface, much as early descriptions say. F* 26. hteyt pttrtitiit* (Ronli.) Will, i} hjbiti b) fruit-; c) fkwtr in lop vitwt d) flower in tide Ticwi c) flowtr i tv mfdan tt tt ion j. f) twin jwIUn’u. From R mix i9. 706 Drawing by Dr. Rintz from The Malayan Nature Journal (1978) Pub #16 above. Note the coronal lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses also leaf shape and obscure nerves. There are colored drawings similar to this in the Botanical Regist. (1826) under Hoy a pallida and also in Toddings The Bot. Cab. (1828). 707 Note: the small drawing of corolla reflexed, also the globose flower cluster, the peduncle length, here 3/4 + as long as the leaf; a double rachis, the heavy petioles and the leaf shape and venation. Outer coronal lobes are raised and not ovate nor obtuse. Leaves with 3 basil nerves. , . 1*29 Note: another painting 2 years later, flower cluster more loose, peduncles shorter, still with heavy petioles, same leaf shape and obscure venation. Here short internodes with 4 leaves closely spaced, (a similar situation to Vahl's S. verticillata but hear leaves much larger). Fewer flowers in the cluster. Midrib here obscure in central region. Corona and corolla similar to the Bot. Reg. picture of 1826. 708 Herbarium sheets: Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 951 1815 Wallich Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. m/ 607b Schmidt Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 1626 Scortechini Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 10316 King's coll. Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 1126 K.D. Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 1132 K.D. Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 1138 K.D. Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 1796 Ridley Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 8070 Ridley Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 1690 Kerr Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 47 Lindhard Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 2697 Put Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 2677 Seid Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 138 Schmidt Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 168 Schmidt Hoya acuta mr Haworth Malaya etc. 1257 Collins Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 4226 Kerr Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 6963 Kerr Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 243 Marcan Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 12711 Kerr Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 2138 1930 Posthumus Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 5756 Robinson Type glob. Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 869 Put Hoya acuta Haworth Malava etc. j 5718 Robinson Hoya acuta Haworth Malava etc. 12529 Kerr Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 17494 Kerr Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 17565 Kerr Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 14221 Kerr Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 16346 Ridley Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 16348 Ridley Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 15854 Ridley Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 15108 Kerr Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 5718 Samui Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 29 Wallich Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 52 1976 Rintz Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 38 1976 Rintz Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 111 1976 Rintz Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 5717 Samui Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc .1829 Kunstler Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 432 1978 Kew Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. Keith Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 1826 Kunstler H.albens Hoya acuta Haworth Malaya etc. 2237 Wray 709 1821 Wallich Hoy a acuta Haworth Malaya etc. Hoya pallida Lindley China 915 1815 Kew Gardens Hoya pallida Lindley China 29 1834 Wall. Hoya parasitica Wallich IndiaEastAssam Type 29 1834 Wallich Hoya parasitica Wall. Malaya Kedah 5' 39 1976 Rintz (acuta) Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 1257 Collins Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 10316 King Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalava j 17494 Kerr Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 14221 Kerr Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 1132 Griff. Main Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 12711 Kerr Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 5756 Robinson Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalava 243 Marcon Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 8153 Wall Cat. Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 12529 Kerr Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 1690 Kerr Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 8070 Ridley Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 1126 Griff. Main Hoya parasitica Wall. MalayaKedah 16348 Ridley Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 16346 Ridley SING Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 17565 Kerr Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalava 1796 Ridley Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 869 Put Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 607B Schmidt Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 168 Schmidt Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 2697 Put Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 15854 Ridley Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 1626 Scort. Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 1138 Griff.Main Hoya parasitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 138 Schmidt Hoya parasitica Wall. BorneoWKoetei 2138 1930 Posthumus (BO) Hoya parasitica Wall. BataviaSepanggor F4381 1903 Backer (BO) Hoya parasitica Wall. MalayaPaichRidgeENiul 432 1978 Kew UPB Hoya parasitica Wallich Malay aSungaiSemiaj ikS 52 1976 Rintz PRET/2 600 Hoya parisitica Wall. Malaya etc. 1452 1967 Chew Hoya parisitica Wall. Malaya etc. 1924 Wight Hoya parisitica Wall. MalayaPalauPenang 220 1928 Han iff UC Hoya parisitica Wall. Ind.BurMalaya 6963 1923 Kerr 710 Photomicrographs from Flowering of H. sp. Bangkok Red in Fresno, California 28 July 2003. Side view of the pedicel and calyx with ovary showing (yellow). Enlarged about 16X. Calyx: sepals relatively large, broad based triangle, ciliate, outside granulose, glabrous, bases overlap about 1/3, apex narrowly rounded. Inside glabrous shiny, small ligules present. Pedicel enlarged about 16X. All pedicels of uniform length, 2.5 cm. long, terete, glabrous, with linear lenticels burgundy colored streaking on the surface; 0.11 cm. in diameter. Calyx on back of corolla enlarged about 16X. The sepals although relatively large do not reach the corolla sinuses. Naturally a pale green with some rusty tones. 711 Top view of the calyx enlarged about 16X. Sepals are finely ciliate, overlap about 1/3 at the base, with small ligules present at the junctures. Apex - base 0.25 cm. Apex - center 0.30 cm. Widest 0.21 cm. Corolla lobe outside surface. At anthesis corolla is reflexed with the large side lobes and apex roller under. The surface is glabrous, crystalline, color off white. Sinus - sinus Sinus - center Sinus - apex Apex - center Widest 0.48 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.60 cm. 0.90 cm. 0.55 cm. Inside view of the corolla lobe enlarged about 16X. Edges from sinus area outward with fine stiff pubescence apex and under coronal area glabrous. Two ears (large sides of corolla lobes) turn under, toward lobe axis. 712 Corona bottom view enlarged about 16X. Channeled from outer apex to inward from thew anther wings, inner ends rounded; sides overlapping slightly. Anther wings are narrow and protrude a little. Outer apex of coronal lobes are sharply acute. Side lobes finely sulcate. Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Inner lobe is medium long dentate but does not reach the center. Crown is somewhat flat with the outer lobes raised a little. Dorsal is slightly cupped with sharp edges and a rudimentary umbo in the central region. Apex - apex 0.36 cm. Apex - center 0.40 cm. Widest 0.18 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.12 cm. Ret - center 0.10 cm. Aw. - aw. 0.25 cm. Aw. - center 0.20 cm. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Inner lobe is dentate, exceeded by the membranous triangular anther (not shown here). Dorsal is slightly concave with a raised center. Outer lobe is actually raised above the inner lobes is narrowly rounded sides with acute apex. Anther wings are deeply scythe shaped. 713 Pollinarium enlarged about 165X with digital scope. Inner pollinia are truncate inward; long and relatively narrow. Retinaculum is large well sculptured with indentations from the head parallel to the center, translators are held tight with small caudicles. Digital microscope photo 714 Photo by camera through the monocular microscope enlarged about 165X. Pollinia length 0.75 mm. widest 0.21 mm. Retinaculum length 0.26 mm. shoulders 0.15 mm. waist 0.06 mm. hip 0.10 mm. ext. 0.07 mm. Translators length 0.11 mm. depth 0.06 mm Caudicle bulb diam. 0.06 mm. 715 Hoya acuta Haworth 1821 Synonym: Hoya parasitica Wallich: Hoya albens Miller: Hoya lanceolata Lindley: Hoya pallida Lindley. Type is illustration #1309 Bot. Cabnet, XIV. 716 From the type description leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate fleshy veined From Transactions of the Royal Horticultural Society 7 (1830) 23. III. Hoya pallida. the leaves are ovate-lanceolate, sharply acuminate, slightly recurved at the points, of a whitish green colour beneath, above darker, with the midrib of rather a lighter colour than the rest of the leaf, and from the midrib, small veins sometimes diverge. The petioles are very thick and fleshy in proportion to the leaves, and of the same colour and texture as the stem. Synonymous with following species, which appear to belong to this species. H. parasitica , Wallich’s MSS. H. acute , Haworth Rev. Plant. Succ. p. 4. H. lanceolata , Findley in Donrns Cat. Edit. II, p. 92 H. pallida , Lindley in Bot. Reg. Vol. II, folio 951. H. albens ? Miller's (Bristol) Cat. 1826. Hoya acuta is valid as it stands but there is no Type mentioned nor an illustration. Or even Hoya parasitica Wallich is often used as a name for this species but was not legitimized until many years after name Hoya acuta Haworth in 1821. A sclepias parasitica Roxburgh was described in 1834 and then as a hoya also in 1834. Thus Hoya acuta Haworth takes precedence. Note: This species has 3 basal nerves and a pah arising above these and thus might be said to be triplinerved. As in pinnate nervation there are numerous side nerves and becomes almost netted in appearance. These side nerves are also anastomosing. Petiole straight, terete, corky, relatively long 2.5-3. 0cm. and 0.5 cm. in diameter. 717 Hoya acuta Haworth 1821 From Kim F. Yap, Singapore as H. verticillata alba. Collected 4/9/02 by Dr. John Yong, flowered 1st 28/7/03, fromNegeri, Sembilan Malaysia. Measured and photographed 2/25/03 by me at Fresno, California. View of the peduncle and the enlarged bracteated rachis enlarged about 8X. Peduncle is straight, glabrous, expanding slightly near the rachis, pale yellow, 0.16 cm. in diameter, rachis 0.26 cm. in diameter. Rachis gnarled with bracteate clusters at the base of each pedicel. Pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 8X. Pedicels slightly curved, terete, glabrous, with small protrusions, 1.5 cm. long and 0.10 cm. in diameter. Side view of the calyx and ovaries enlarged about 8X. Ovaries are narrowly dome shaped 0.15 cm. tall, 0.10 cm. wide at base of the pair, glabrous. Sepals ovate -triangular, outside with few extremely fine hair cells, centrally thickened, inside glabrous, smooth with long narrow ligules, edges finely ciliate. 718 Top view of the calyx greatly enlarged (ca. 16X) to show the fine ciliate edges of the sepals. Apex - base 0.12 cm. Apex - center 0.20 cm. Widest 0.15 cm. The sepal apices do not reach the corolla sinuses, come about 1/2 way. There are long narrow ligules present at the base of the sepals. Corolla lobes enlarged about 8X, are reflexed at anthesis and tips curled inward. Inner surface is finely crystalline puberulous. Sinus - sinus Sinus - center Sinus - apex Apex - center Widest 0,30 cm. 0.35 cm. 0. 45 cm. 0.70 cm. 0.50 cm. Side view of the flower and corolla at the sinus area. Corolla is sunken under the corona and the coronal is raised on a column, outer lobes raised exposing the channeled under sides of the lobes. Outer apex turns down and is acute. Outer apex higher than inner apex. 719 Top view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Coronal lobes are ovate, inner lobe narrowly dentate does not reach the center. Outer apex apiculate and acute. Apex - Apex 0.34 cm. Apex - center 0.38 cm. Widest 0.17 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.10 cm. Ret. - Center 0.10 cm. Aw. - aw. 0.25 cm. Aw - center 0.20 cm. Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Scales are channeled to inward from the anther wings. Central column is pronounced 0.10 cm. tall. Anther wings are thick. Surfaces are glabrous. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Anther exceeds the inner scale apex, outer lobe is raised, dorsal concave with a raised central keel and edges slightly raised and sharp. Low side lobes extend to the apex from the anther wing area. Anther wings scythe shaped and thick but not doubled. Another view of a coronal scale attached to the column (right below), exposing the dorsal surface, the deep scythe shaped anther wing and the lower narrow side lobe extending from the anther wing to the apex of the outer lobe. 720 One more side view of the flower showing how the corona is raised on a central column above the corolla, how the outer lobes are raised above the center and the apex turns over. Pollinarium enlarged about 165X. Pollinia are long with outer apices rounded, Retinaculum with a pointed head wide shoulders and thick extensions. Translators are short close to the retinaculum supporting clear bulbous small caudicles. 721 it H j-LAtjfi (J f kJV rtJ i- ^ p^nfcuhi** i- iiL-il ifi^ *' f4j'& *, A *//. 722 Here are descriptions of species placed into synonymy in the previous literature. This adds H albens Millers ex Streud. (1826) only a catalogue name. Hoya lanceolata Lindley (1826). Hoya hookeriana Wight (1834). Hoya globiflora Ridley (1915) Hoya globiflora Ridley In Journal of Federated Malayan States Mus. 5 (1915) 164. “Prenn. Mai.’' H. Ridley. Koh Pennan. Disfrib. — Indo-Malaya. 47. HOYA GLORIFLOR. Sp. nov. Stems pale corky, 2 mm. in diameter. Leaves ovate subacute with rounded bases 6.5 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, nerves 3 pairs and nervules few visible when dry, one pair from the base ascending, the others short horizontal soon broken up, petiole very thick, 6 mm. long. Peduncles stout 3 to 4 cm. long, raceme 1 cm. long, stout, occasionally branched. Flowers innumerable forming a large globose umbel 4-5 cm. across when dry. Pedicels 1.5 cm. long. Sepals 5, short ovate obtuse. Corolla 1 cm. across waxy white a pink tinge, lobes ovate sub-obtuse. Corona large, upper lube short erect tooth-like, lower ovate, spreading obtuse, apex emarginate above depressed. Staminal column short. Anther cells incumbent over the style apex. Pollen masses linear oblong straight blunt flattened, caudicles very minute (hardly any) Carrier small, triangular, dark brown. Koh Pennan. No. 5756. Creeper. Notation: Since Ridley had worked with (H. acuta) H. parasitica (1923) and was familiar with the species in the Malayan Peninsula and here the part measurements are different than his 1923 description 1 would assume he would have recognized this as a distinct species or made a correction of his 1915 description. Sepals not linear here. Hoya hookeriana Wight In Contributions to the Botany of India (1834) 37. Robert Wight & Wallich. 8. H. Hookeriana (Wight) volubilis glabra, foliis carnosis oblongo-lanceolatis 3-nervis (6 — 10 uncias longis 1 — 1 Vi latis), pedunculis brevibus multifloris corolla (parvula) glabra segmentis obtusis, cor. St. foliolis ovatis acutis angulo interiore brevi, stigmate obtuso. ( Hoya, Wall.! Asclep. N. 28, 39 (ex parte). (Chittagong; Silhet; Wallich. (R. W.)) Translation: Twining glabrous, leaves fleshy oblong-lanceolate 2 nerved (6 to 10 inches long 1 to 1 '/2 wide), peduncles short many-flowered, corolla (small) glabrous segments obtuse, with the lobes of the staminal corona ovate acute with the interior angle short, stigma obtuse, (I have seen the Hoya, Wallich Asclepias # 28, 39 (in part). In General System of gardening 4 (1837) 126. G. Don. 8. H. Hookeriana (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 37.) twining, glabrous; leaves fleshy, oblong-lanceolate, 723 3-nerved; peduncles short, many-flowered; corollas small, glabrous, with obtuse segments; leaflets of corona ovate, acute, with the inner angles short; stamina obtuse. Perennial twining shrub. Native of Chittagong and Silhet. H. Nicobarica, R. Br. mss. is this or very similar species. Leaves 6-10 inches long, and 1 or 1 !4 broad. Hooker's Hoya. Shrub tw. Note: leaves almost 2X as long as H. pallida Lindley description. In Synopsis Plantarum 6 (1840) 891. D. N. F. Dietrich 8. H. Hookeriana Wight; volubilis glabra; fol. Carnosis oblong-lanceolatis 3- nerviis; pedunc. multifloris; cor. Segment! s obtusis. In Chittagong, Silhet. Translation: twining glabrous, leaves fleshy oblong-lanceolate 3 nerved; peduncles many- flowered; corona segments obtuse. Note: I would assume he means ovate, if obtuse (this refers to apex) it differs markedly from H. pallida descriptions. In Prodromus Syst. Veg. 8 (1844) 636. Decandolle. 16. H. Hookeriana ( Wight ! contrib. p. 37). Volubilis glabra foliis. carnosis oblongo-v. elliptico-lanceolatis basi rotundatis v. subattenuatis apice acuminatis acutis marginibus reflexis, obscure 3 -nerviis, pedunculatis petiolos superantibus multifloribus, pedicellis gracilibus, corolla glabra, laciniis obtusis, coron. Stam. Foliolis ovatis acutis angulo interiore brevi, stigmate obtuso perennial shrub in India orientali Silhet, Chittagong (Wallich). (v. s. h. Mus. Par.) Translation: Twining glabrous, leaves fleshy oblong or elliptic-lanceolate with base rounded or somewhat attenuate apexes acuminate acute margines reflexed, with 3 obscure nerves, peduncles longer then the pedicels many-flowered, pedicels glabrous, corolla glabrous, leaflets obtuse, with the leaflets of the staminal corona ovate acute interior angle short, stigma obtuse. Perennial shrub in Eastern India Silheit, Chittagong (Wallich) (seen in part at the Museum.) In Handbook of Indian Flora 2 (1866) 241. W. D. Wight (6) H. Hookeriana (R. W.) Ident. Wight’s p. 37. — Dec. prod. VIII. p. 636. Spec. Char. Twining: leaves fleshy oblong-lanceolate, 3-neved: peduncles short, many flowered: corolla glabrous, segments obtuse: leaflets of the staminal crown ovate, acute, inner angle short: stigma obtuse. Chittagong. Silhet. Notations: In the first description of H. hookeriana the coronal lobes are listed as obtuse, this is in direct opposition to early and type descriptions of our species that has ovate acute coronal lobes. 1 assume because this species has leaves ovate acute, attenuata and 3 obscure nerves with a glabrous corolla it was erroneously thought to be ( H . acuta Haworth) H. pallida Lindley and its allies. 724 Hoy a ridleyi King & Gamble In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 74 (1903) 575. “Flora of the Malayan Peninsula’' King & Gamble. 18. Hoya Ridleyi, King & Gamble, n. sp. A twining epiphytic undershrub, rooting at intervals on the bark of trees; branchlets pale, terete, lanceolate, rather slender when dry. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous when dry, variable; ovate or ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute at apex, rounded or narrowed or sometimes cuneate at base; both surfaces glabrous; margins recurved; 3 to 5 in. long, 1.25 to 1.75 in. broad; midrib slender. Faint, as are the nerves generally, even when dry; main nerves about 5 to 6 pairs, the lowest pair starting from the base and curving along the margin, the other nearly at right angles, quickly branching and joining the marginal one; reticulations irregular netted; petiole very thick, .25 to .75 in. long, broad at the junction of the blade. Umbels many -flowered, on .25 to .75 in. long rachises with small tubercles at the ends of stout lateral peduncles 1 to 4 in. long; pedicels slender, .5 to .75 in. long; buds flattened, .25 in. in diam. Calyx papillose without; lobes oblong, acute, .06 in. long; no scales. Corolla rugose without, puberulous within; lobes cordate, almost 3- pointed, points acuminate, especially the end one. Corona of 5 shining inflated processes; lower lobe horizontal, ovate, sharply acute, concave on the upper surface with a median ridge, 2-valved below; upper lobe on acute erect tooth, shorter than the anthers. Staminal- column short, inserted on the tube of the corolla, wings of filaments ear-like; anther cells divaricate; appendages scarious, acuminate, incurved; pollen-masses flattened, oblong, truncate at top; attached by short thick caudicles to the 3-lobed rounded rather large pollen-carriers. Style apex membranous, 5-angled; tip long conical. Fruit not known. Kedah: at Pulau Songsong, Curtis. Penang; Curtis; at Pulau Tikus, Ridley 9476. Perak: at Maxwell’s Hill, Ridley 5519. Singapore: at Grange Road, Ridley 10358. To this species belongs Curtis 2355 from Kwala Lumpor, Selangor, which has, however, smaller leaves, but with no flowers. Leaves moderate sized, usually under 5 in. in length and 1.75 in. in breadth; main nerves nearly at right angles to the midrib, rather faint on both surfaces... 18. H. Ridleyi. Notation on this species: Here again King and Gamble were familiar with (//. acuta ) Hoya parasitica having made a detailed and complete description in 1908 and did not negate that description here. Even though 1 do not think the 1908 description is of H. acuta , this description is completely different in detail. 1 feel quite sure this description is of the species we now call in the trade H. acuta , with a puberulous inner corolla surface: a species so common in this lowland region. In Kew Bulletin (1911) 418. Hoya Ridleyi, King & Gamble, Mat. Mai. Pen., 19, p. 575. Kedah, Pulau Songsong (ex Mat. Mai. Pen., l.c.). Distr. Malay Peninsula (ex Mat. Mai. Pen., lc.). In A Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 (1923) 401. H. N. Ridley. (21) H. Ridleyi King * Gamble, l.c. 575. A long climber. Leaves fleshy coriaceous ovate to lanceolate or oblong acute, rounded or cuneate at base; nerves (when dry) 5 to 6 pairs faint; 3 to 5 in. long, 1.25 to 1.75 in. wide; petioles very thick. .25 to .75 in. long. Corolla puberulous inside, .3 in. 725 across, pearly pinkish white, lobes cordate, acute, short. Corona-lobes, lower sharply acute. Hab. Common on trees in orchards and open country. Singapore, Tanglin; Kranji; Blakang Mati, Johor, Pulau Tinggi (Fielding); Kota Tinggi. Malacca, Tanjong Kling. Dindings, Pangkor. Perak, Thaiping Hills 2400 ca. altitude. Penang, Pulau Tikus. Kedah, Pulau Song-Song (Curtis). Lankawi. Perlis, Kanga (Ridley). Distrib. South Siam. From the key: Lower coronal lobe thick and blunt. Leaves under 1.75 in. across; nerves inconspicuous when dry. In Malayan Nature Handbooks, Common Wildflowers (1961) 26-27. M. R. Henderson; Ridley’s Hoya (Hoya ridleyi) Akar setebal, Akar serapat. This is one of those plants, so common in Malaya, that creep or perch on the branches of shrubs or trees but which do not take food the plants they live upon as the Mistletoes do. Ridley's Hoya creeps and twines. Its thick and rather stiff leaves are more or less elliptical in outline with pointed tips and are usually about 2-4 inches long. The veins are hardly visible and the leafstalk is short and stout. The flowers radiate from the thickened and rough end of a stalk about 2 inches long, forming an umbrella-shaped bunch, the thickened part gradually lengthening as more flowers appear. Each flower is stalked and about 1/3 to 2/5 inch across. The 5 broad and pointed petals spread out flat and are pearly white or pinkish and the stamen are in the centre of the flower is star-shaped and of the same colour. The fruit pods are long and slender, reaching about 5-6 inches and have many plumed seeds. This Hoya is to be found on the trees in open paces all over the lowland, especially in orchards and gardens, on river hanks and near the sea. Several other kinds are common in similar places and one or two with rather large flowers are found on mangrove trees. Their stiff, waxy flowers are attractive and well worth a close examination. In Dictionary of the Royal Horticulture Society (1965). H. Ridleyi. 1. ovate to lanceolate or oblong, acute wedge-shaped at base, 3 to 5 in. long, fleshy, leathery; stalk thick. FI. pearly pinkish white; downy within; corona lobes sharply acute; umbels 3 in. across. Java on trees (F. d. S. 579.) In Illustrated Guide to Tropical Plants (1969) 667. Hutchinson. Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble. Large climber, white latex. Leaves 8 — 13 cm, fleshy. Flowers 8 — 9 mm wide, pinkish white. In Malayan Wild Flowers Dichotyledons (1974) 229-233. “Malayan Nature Society” M. R. Henderson. 5. H. ridleyi (Ridley's Hoya). Fig. 282. Differs from H. diversifolia in the rather narrower and more pointed leaves, with the base usually narrowed, the pearly white or pinkish flowers about the same size, and the pointed, not blunt, white or pink processes from the stamen column. Common on river bank trees, on trees near sea, and on orchard trees. 726 _ (• , 1^* leaf, ifid Mower in 1 Art of rurf/rjx Hoy a nicobarica R. Brown ex Traill In Trans. Hort. Society 7 (1827) 28. R. Brown. In Contributions to the Botany of India (1834) 34. R. Wight. This is a specimen in the Banksian herbarium, either named by Roxburgh, or supposed to be the same with his plant, to which Mr. Brown has attached the name of H. Nicobarica (Br. mst.); but Roxburgh has expressly mentioned that his plant is a ‘"native of the mountainous part of the CircarsT while that named by Mi*. Brown seems to have come from the Nicobar islands, to the north of Sumatra: although we saw this specimen, yet unfortunately we neither examined it with attention, nor made any notes upon it; if, however, our recollection serves us rightly it appeared more allied to, if not the same with H. Hooker ianci of Wight. In General System of Gardening 4/23 (1837) 126. G. Don. 9 H. nicobarica (R. Br. herb. Ex Traill, in hort. trans. 7. p. 29.) umbels globose; flowers very numerous; leaves ovate-lanceolate. Perennial shrub. Native of the Nicobar Islands. Nicobar Hoy a. Shrub tw. In Prodromus Syst. Veg. 8 (1844) 640. DeCandolle. Under “Species non satis notae. H. nicobarica (R. Br. mss. herb. Banks), foliis ovate-lanceolatis, umbellis globosis 727 multifloris. Shrub in Nicobaricis (Confer Traill trans. hort. soc. Lond. 7. p. 28; Wight et Am. contrib. p. 36. Translation: leaves ovate-lanceolate, umbels globose many- flowered. In Flora van Nederlandsch Indie Bataviae 1 (1856) 527. F. A. W. Miquel. 39. Hoya nicobarica R. Brown, mss. In Herb. Banks, Wight Contr. p. 36 Decaisn. 1. c. p. 640. Folia ovato-lanceolata umbellae globosis multiflorae.(Nicobaren). In Flora of British India 4 (1883) 62. J. D. Hooker. H. nicobarica, Br. in Wight Contrib. 36 (note under H. pendula , W & A.); Dene. 1. c. ( Nothing is known of this). In Journal of Botany British and Foreign 36 (1898) 415. J. Britten. Hoya nicobarica Br. Sir Joseph Hooker (FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 62) places this among his “doubtful and excluded species'’ with the following note: “H. nicobarica Br. in Wight Contrib. 86 (note under H. W. & A.) (Nothing is known of this.’' This statement is the more remarkable because it is distinctly stated in Wight’s Contributions that a specimen named by Brown was then in the Banksian Herbarium, where it still is to be found. It appears to be different from any species included in FI. Brit. Ind., and as only Traill's brief characterization (1. c. 28) has hitherto appeared, it may be well to append the following full description, which has been drawn up by Mr. Hiern from Brown’s specimen and from his MSS.; (Hoya nicobarica R. Br. ex Twill in Trans. Hort. Soc. vii. part 1, p. 28 (1827) and in Herb. Banks! Stem rather slender, suffruticose, rooting, obtusely quadrangular, glabrous; leaves oval-ovate, pointed or acuminate at the apex, obtuse or nearly rounded at the base, glabrous, glaucescent, fleshy-coriaceous, 2-4 in. long by 1-2 in. broad, the margins narrowly revolute, the lateral veins slender, 5-7 on each side of the less slender midrib, the base not conspicuously trinerved; petiole stout, glabrous, 1/3 - 'A in. long, usually bent at or near the apex; flowers about 1/3 in. in diameter when fully expanded, arranged in “beautiful globose umbels" of 1 A -2 in. in diameter; axillary peduncles about 1 in. long, nearly glabrous, persistently thickened towards the bracteolate apex, where they give off a succession of numerous pedicels; the terminal peduncles abbreviated, with similar tips; pedicels slender, nearly glabrous, about 2/3 in. long; bracteoles very short, somewhat puberulous, numerous; calyx 5-partite, short; the segments equal, ovate-oval, obtuse, minutely apiculate, slightly glandular-puberulous on the back, ciliolate, 1/20 in. long, membranous, flat; corolla 5-cleft, the tube scarcely longer than the calyx, cyathiform; the lobes triangular-ovate, reflected, 1/10 in. long, very shortly puberulous outside, glandular-puberulous inside; corona inserted at the apex of the tube of filaments; the scales 5, divaricate, a little ascending, 1/12 in. long, rather thick, cartilaginous-fleshy, lanceolate, marked down the lower part of the back with a longitudinal furrow, angular towards the subacute not splitting apex, furnished inside near base with a short spur, staminal tube short; filaments closely connate; anthers connivent, concealed by the corona, the apical membranous appendages exerted. “Nicobar Isles ? Soc. unitat. Fratr., 1785," n. 136. There is also in Herb. Banks a specimen labeled “Malacca, Mr. Robertson, gathered Sept. 1772," of which Brown it his 728 MSS. says “Flos omnino ut in planta nicobarica." The specimen is poor, but Mr. Hiern has examined a flower, and considers it allied to, if not identical with, H. nicobarica Br. Note: an excellent detailed description (too bad they all are not like this). Here stated the base is not conspicuously 3 nerved, whereas all early descriptions of H. pallida mention the 3 nerved base ? Calyx here ovate-oval, obtuse and ciliate not linear. Now Vahl's Sperlingia species, Sperlingia verticillata and Sperlingia opposite were placed into synonymy with Hoya parasitica (Roxb.) Wall ex Wight in Blumea 40 (1995) 425-428. In addition there is here once more species added into Synonymy as follows. Hoya verticillata (Vahl) G. Don Hoya verticillata (Vahl) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 128. - Sperlingia verticillata Vahl, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 6 (1810) 113. -Type: Flohr in Hb. Vahl (C holo, labeled IDC neg. 72 ll, 6-7). Sperlingia opposita Vahl, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 6 (1810) 114. - Hoya opposita G. Don, Gen. [list. 4 (1837) 128. -Type: Flohr- in Hb. Vahl (C holo). Hoya acuta Haw., Rev. PI. Suce. (1821) 4. - Type: Extant? 'In regio horto kewense A.D. 1819' (see note). Hoya pallida Lindl., Bot. Reg. 10 (Feb 1826) t. 95 1. - Type: Extant? Duke of Northumberland' (see note). Hoya lanceolata Lindl., Donn, Cat., ed. 11 (early 1826) 92. - Type: (see note). Hoya angustifolia Traill, Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7 (Nov. 1826) 29. - Hoya ports ii Traill var. angustifolia Tsiang & Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12 ('January' 1974, res. in L 23-4-1974) 124; FI. Hainan. 3 ('October' 1974) 272. - Type: Potts (extant'?). Hoya pottsii Traill, Trans. Hort. Soc. 7 (Nov 1826) 25, t. 1. - Type: Potts (extant?, if not: Traill's plate). Hoya nicobarica R. Br. ex Traill, Trans. Hort. Soc. London 7 (Nov. 1826) 28. - Type: Hb. Banks (BM holo). Hoya albens J. Miller, Bristol Cat. (1826). -Type: unknown (see note). Hoya hookeriana Wight, Contr. Bet. India (1834) 37. - Lectotype: Wallich Cat. 8153-A (Kholo). Asclepias parasitica Roxb., [Hort. Beng. (1814) 20, nom. inval.] FI. Ind. ed. 2, 2 (1832) 42. - Hoya parasitica Wall, ex Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 37. - Type: Hb.. Roxburgh (BM holo; K, plate). Hoya parasitica Wight var. geoffrayi Constantin, FI. Gen. Indo-Chine 4 (1912) 136. -Type: CenffraY 382 (P holo). Hoya paracitica Wight var. spirei Constantin, FI. Gen. Indo-Chine 4 (1912) 136. - Lectotype: Spire 1529 (P holo). Hoya globiflora Rid]., J. Fed. Mai. States Mus. 5 (1915) 164. -Type: Izo6inscm 5756 (SING holo) from S Thailand, not Ridley s. n. from Sumatra as cited by Rintz (1978, as 'globifera' ). 729 Some other names may belong here as well: Hoya ridleyi King & Gamble, J. As. Soc. Bengal 74 (1908) 575. - Lectotype: Ridley s. ». (CAL holo; K) (appointed by Rintz, 1978, but three Ridley collections were cited by K & G). Hoya rigida Kerr, Kew Bull. (1939) 463. - Type: Put 3034 (K holo). Hoya obscurinervia Merr., Philip. J. Sc. 23 (1923) 263. - Type: McClure 9819 (PNH holo, lost; HK, SYS). Note - From Traill (1826) it becomes obvious that H. acuta, H. pallida, H. lan- ceolata, and perhaps H. albens were all based on cuttings from a Wallich accession in K first described by Flaworth (1821). These names are not homotypic (see Art. 9.5): later collections from a living specimen that originally provided the material for the holotype or its generative or vegetative descendants are not considered to be iso-types, or even fragments of the holotype. Such things may be called merotypes. Contrary to a remark by Britten (1898), Trail did not validate H. parasitica Wall.: he cited the name in synonymy under H. pallid. Rintz (1978) has treated H. citrina Ridl. as a variety of H. parasitica. We have the impression that it is a distinct, but closely related species, perhaps identical with H. macrophylla Blume. Hoya cinnamomifolia Hooker is usually cited as identical, but differs in leaf shape and the corona: it also grows at higher altitudes. Comments: (RDK) Here we see further lumping of unrelated species, species from pinnately nerved species (with 3 basal nerves) to fully palmate species as in Hoya pottsii Traill. Included are species with differing calyx lobes, corolla surface types, leaf shapes and sizes, pollinaria differences just to mention some of the discrepancies. It was in the 1951 description that the mistake in spelling (repeated by Rintz in 1978) of Hoya globiflora Ridley was made! In addition as pointed out previously the illustration of H. pallida Lindley is overlooked in the notation as being not homotypic. The illustration stands as the holotype. In addition to these synonymies Forster and Liddle in Astrobaylia 3/4:1992, 627-641 placed Hoya nicholsoniae Mueller, Hoya hellwigiana Warburg and Hoya soger ensis S. Moore into synonymy with Hoya pottsii Trail. As follows: Forster & Liddle, Hoya in Papuasia, 1-5, 635 2. Typification and synonymy of Hoya pottsii Traill Hoya pottsii Traill, Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 25 (1827). Type: based on plant in cultivation, (lecto (here designated): Traill, Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 25, fig f (1827)). Hova nicholsoniae F. Muell,, Fragm. 5: 159 (1866). [October, not specified to day], synon. nov. Type: 'In arboribus ad sinum litoreum Rockingham's Bay, Dallacliy' (holo: MEL n.v.). 730 Hoya helltvigiana Warb. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Reg. Veg. 3: 342 (1907). synon. nov. Type: Kaiser Wilhelms-Land: Bussum bet Finschhafen', O. GFarbung 21313 (holo: B n. v., destroyed). Hoya sogerensis S. Moore, J. Bot. 52: 293 (1911). synon. nov. Type: Papua New Guinea. CENTRAL PROVINCE: River side Sogere, 1885-6, 11.0. Forbes 691 (holo: BM!). Additional selected specimens. Celebes. Sulawesi, Selatan, Soroako, S. shore of Lake Matano, de Vogol 5793 (BRI). Irian Jaya. Sorong, Roefei River N of the town, Mar 1954, van Royen 3007 (L); Mamberamo, Oct 1914, Fcuilletan de Bruyn 130 (BO,L); Rouffaer River, Aug 1926, Docters v. Leeuwen 10122 (BO, L, SING; K n.v.); Waigeo Is, Lupintol Village on SW coast of Majalibit Bay, Feb 1955, van Royen 5483 (L); Mairipi, near Andai, SW of Manokwari, Nov 1961, V ink BW 12104 (L). Papua New Guinea. EAST Sepik provance: Ranw flusz. Tappenbeck 37 (WRSL). Distribution and habitat: Widely distributed in Celebes, New Guinea and Australia (Forster & Eiddle 1990). Notes: Since the publication of our account of H. nicholsoniae F. Muell. (Forster & Liddle 1990), we have been able to examine a much greater range of material, particularly from L, that is referable to this taxon. From this it is clear that H. nicholsoniae F. Muell., H. helwigiana Warb. and H . sogerensis S. Moore are all conspecific, based on the examination of type collections, original descriptions and collections from the areas where these taxa originated. JTowever, it is evident that H. pottsii Traill is also conspecific with these taxa as suggested by Burton (1983) and hence, due to priority, its name is the correct one to be used for the aggregate taxon. H. pottsii has been newly named in most geographic regions where it has been collected, and although there is wide variation in flower colour and to some extent leaf size and shape, which are both dependent on environment (Forster & Liddle 1990), there are no valid reasons for upholding any of the later names. The status of FI. samoensis Seem, described from Samoa, H. neocaledonica Schltr. described from New Caledonia, H. neoebudica Guill. described from Vanuatu and H. cominsii Hemsley, described from Solomon Islands, with respect to H. pottsii is unclear at this stage. We have examined a wide range of collections from these areas (holdings at BSIP, P and NOU) and recently collected (June 1991) a range of material from Solomon Islands of H. cominsii; however, further comparisons with H. pottsii from Australia and New Guinea must wait until this recent material has been grown and flowered under similar conditions. Typification of H. pottsii is critical to the application of the name and this species was named somewhat informally by Traill (1827). There appears to be no specimen at K that could be unequivocally considered as a type for H. pottsii. However, there is a flowering specimen at K labelled 'Hoya Pottsii Traill. Hort Glasg. bot. Mag. t. 3425' that may possibly represent the cultivated material illustrated both by Trail and by Hooker (1835). This plant may well have persisted in cultivation at K for a considerable time as there is a further flowering collection of 2 sheets labelled [in part] 'Hoya pottsii Trail native in China . . . EN464-63 Sir 731 George Taylor H2855/86 . . While the geographic origin of both these cultivated collections is problematic, it is unlikely that they came from China [Macao], the reputed origin for H. pottsii (Traill 1827; Hooker 1835), and both are conspecific with the Australian and Papuasian material. While of dubious status as types of 11. pottsii, both specimens lend credence to our application of the name H. pottsii to the taxa treated as conspecific in this paper. In the absence of an unequivocal type specimen for H. pottsii, we have selected as lectotype, the plate published by Traill (1827) which agrees perfectly with the taxon we applied the name to. Note: Flower color and leaf size and shape while subject to the environment are also under genetic control. The late Geoff Dennis, personal communication, had told me that Forster and Liddle did not have the correct H. cominsii , that what they had collected in the Solomon's and what was on Guadalcanal was not Hoya cominsii. 1 would suggest this needs further detailed study. Hoya samoensis does not have nor is it described as having palmate leaf venation, rather it has triplinerved venation. As with H. pallida taxonomists are tending to blur the distinctions in leaf types and venation as well floral characteristics. Here is the literature on the other species included above: Hoya hellwigiana Warburg In Repertorium Specierum Novarum 3 (1907) 341. O. Warburg & R. Schlechter. 27. Hoya hellwigiana Warb., nov. spec. Ramulis glabris 3 mm crassis flavidis lenticellis elevatis rotundatis parce inspersis, petiolis 10 — 12 mm longis 3 mm crassis flavidis, foliis cuneato-lanceolatis vel oblongis 9 — 15 cm longis, apice et basi acutis crasse coriaceis, venis utrinque ca. 2 ascendentibus fere omnino inconspicuis. Pedunculo exstante 5.5 cm. longis glabris, sepalis 1 — 1.5 mm longis ovatis obtusis glabris, corolla ca. 4 mm in diametro utrinque glabra, lobis late triangularibus, coronae staminae lobis patentibus fere planis late ovatis externo obtusis, apice interno sensim in antheras transeuntibus, antherarium appendiculo oblongo obtuso. Kaiser Wilhelms-Land: Bussum bei Finschhafen (Warburg no. 213 13). Eine dutch ausgebreiten, formlich das untere Ende der Antheren bildenden Coronalappen ausgezeichnete Art, die ich zu Ehern meins leider kurze Zeit spater verstorbenen Reisegefahrten auf jener Tour, des Botanikers Dr. Hellwig, benannt habe. Translation: Branches glabrous 3 mm thick yellow with round elevated lenticels moderately interspersed, petioles 10 to 12 mm long 3 mm thick yellow, leaves cuneate- lanceolate or oblong 9 to 15 cm long, apex and base acute thickly leathery, veins on both sides about 2 ascending almost entirely inconspicuous. Peduncles extended 5,5 cm long 1 mm thick apex flower bearing end brief barely thickened glabrous; pedicles 0.25 mm thick 1 mm long glabrous, sepals 1 to 1.5 mm long ovate obtuse glabrous, corolla about 4 mm in diameter both sides glabrous, lobes broad triangular, lobes of the staminal corona almost flat ovate external apex obtuse, internal apex slightly beyond the anthers, the anthers appendages oblong obtuse. 732 Kaiser Wilhelms-land: at Bussum near Finschharbor (Warburg number 213 13). One through the wide spread, formally the low end of the anthers of forming Corona scales excellent species, that I have named mine unfortunately a short time later the botanist's Dr. Hellwig in a very brazen vehicle trip was killed from that tour. In Botanische Jahrbiicher 50 (1913) 116. R. Schlechter. 16. H. hellwigiana Warburg - in Fedde, Repertor. Ill (1907) p.342. H. hellwigii Warb. ex K. Schum. u. Lauterb. FI. Deutsch Schutzgeb. Siidsee (1901) p.5 12 (nomen). Nordostl. Neu-Guinea: auf Baumen in den Walden des Torricelli-Geberges, ca. 500 m u. M. (Schlechter n. 20149. Bluhend im September 1909); auf Baumen in den Urwaldern von Wobbe, im Minjemtale ca. 300 m ti. M. (Schlechter n. 16265. Bluhend im Juli 1907); auf Baumen in den Waldern des Kani-Geberges, ca. 600 m u. M. (Schlechter n. 17631.- Bluhend im April 1908); auf Baumen an den Ufern des Wabe, ca. 100 m li, M. (Schlechter n. 18073. Bluhend im July 1908) auf Baumen in den Waldern des Finisterre-Gebirges, ca. 500-700 m ii. M. (Schlechter n. 17939, 17995. -Bluhend im Juli 1908); am Ramuflusz (K. Tappenbeck n. 37.- Bluhend im Mai 1898); auf Baumen in den Waldern auf Flusze des Bismarck-Gebirges, ca. 150-300 m li. M. (Schlechter) n. 18447, 18640. - Bluhend im October -November 1908); bei Bussum, unweit Finschafen (O. Warburg n. 21343); auf Baumen am Waria bei Pema, ca. 100 m ti. M. (Schlechter n. 17457. -Bliihend im Marz 1908); auf Baumen inden Waldern des Gomadjidji, am Waria, ca. 450 m Li. M. Schlechter n. 19388. (Bluhend im Mai 1909). Ich halte die samtlichen hier aufgefurten Exemplare fur Fomien einer etwas variablen Art. Moglich ist allerdings, dasz weitere Studien an lebendem Material doch och Veranlassung geben werden zu einer weiteren Aufteilung. Zur Zeit ist selbst durch as mir vorleigende gute Material nicht ausreichend festzustellen, ob das, was ich heir fur Fornien halte, bestandige Arten sind oder nicht. So sehr ich mich denn gezwungen, hier die Art ungleich weiter zu fassen als bei den ubrigen. Besonders grosz sind die Neranderungen an der Blattem. Stutzig macht mich aber der Umstand, dasz einige Exemplare in der Behaaruing der Innenseite der Korolla von dem Typus abweichen. Diese werden doch wohl noch weiterer Begutachtung bedurfen, Die Bliiten sind gewohnlich weisz, selten blasz-rosa uberlaufen mit weiszer Korona. Translation: see next below. In Hoyas of Northeastern New Guinea (1992) 41. R. D. Kloppenburg (Translation of Die Asclepiadaceen von Deutsch Neu-Guinea). 16. H. hellwigiana Warburg - in Fedde, Repertor. Ill (1907) p. 342. H. hellwigii Warburg in K. Schumann and Lauterbach Flora of the German South Seas protectorate (1901) p. 512 (name). Northeastern New Guinea : on trees in the forest of the Torricelli Mountains about 500 m. altitude (Schlechter #20149 - blooming in September 1909); on trees in the primary forest of Wobbe in the Minjem Valley about 300 m. altitude (Schlechter #16265 - blooming in July 1907); on trees in the forest of the Kani Mountains about 600 m. altitude (Schlechter #17631 - blooming in July 1908); on trees on the banks of the Wabe about 100 m. altitude (Schlechter #18073 - blooming in April 1908); on trees in the forest of the Finisterre Mountains about 500-700 m. altitude (Schlechter #17939, 17995 - blooming in July 1908); on the Rama river (K. Tappenbeck #37 - blooming in 733 may 1898); on trees in the forest at the foot of the Bismarck Mountains about 1 50-300 m. altitude (Schlechter #18447, #18640 - blooming in October - November 1908) at Bussum, not far from Finschhafen (O. Warburg #21313); on trees at Wari, near Pema about 100 m. altitude (Schlechter #17457 - blooming in March 1908); on trees in the forest of Gomaljidji at Wari about 450 m. altitude (Schlechter #19388 - blooming in May 1909). 1 regard the specimens here as forms of one highly variable species. It is certainly possible, with more in depth study of living material there may turn out to be nevertheless, a further division. At the present time even with good material one cannot ascertain for certain weather the ones T have, have a standing as species or not. Thus, this being so, I am forced to consider as being superfluous, the dissimilar species presented here, especially the variation of the leaves are large. It is startling to me under the circumstances, as an example, that the pubescence on the inside of the corolla differ from the type. These in turn require, nevertheless, further opinions. The blooms are generally white, rarely light coppery rose, overtopped with a white corona. In The Asclepiadaceous Works of Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (1992) 30. A. Nicholas. H. hellwigiana Warb. - 15, 33, 36. Hoya nicholsoniae Mueller In Fragmentia Phytographiae Australea 5 (1865-66) 159. F. Mueller. Hoya nicholsoniae. Glabra, foliis ovatis acuminatis carnulentis plants quinquenerviis reticulari-venosis petiolo pluries longioribus, pedicellis gracilibus, corollis tlavis glabris profunde in lobos ovato-rhombeos acutos fissis, coronae divisionibus ovatis acutis horizontalibus subtus sulcatis supra plants corolla fere triplo brevioribus. In arboribus ad sinum litoreum Rockingham's Bay. Dallachy. Rami volubiles v. scandentes, copiose radicantes. Petioli XA -1” longi. Folia 3-5" longa, 1 1/3 - 2" lata, forsan potius coriacea quam carnosa, ad basin calloso-glandulosa. Pedunculi 1-3" longi, solitarii. Umbellae multiflora,. Receptaculum paucilineare, cylindraceum. Pedicelli circiter pollicem longi, pertenues. Calycis segmenta ovato-lanceolata, paene lineam longa. Corollae diameter paene semiuncial is. Coronae partitiones lineam paulo excedentes. Massae pollinis clavato-cylindraceae, circa 1/3” longae. Speciem H. polystachyae (Blum. Mus. Bot. Lugdun. i. 45, fig. ix.) cognatam appellavi in honorem Dominae Nicholson, praenobilis Baroneti Caroli Nicholson prtestantissimae uxoris. Tantum altreram hujus generis speciem Australiae hactenus cognovimus, nempe H. Dalrymplianam (F. M. Report on Plants of Burdek. Expedit. 16), abs qua H. australis hortulorum nullibi descripta (H. carnosa , R. Br, Pr. 460 ) non nisi varietatis jure foliis cordato-orbicularibus fere glabris, ramis pedunculis pedicellisque paene indumento orbatis et corona haud carmineo-striata discedit. Translation: Glabrous, leaves ovate acuminate, somewhat fleshy, flat, 5 -nerved, reticulate- veined; petiole often longer; pedicels slender; corolla yellow glabrous deeply 734 divided with lobes ovate-rhomboid acute; divisions of the corona ovate acute horizontally furrowed beneath, flat above, almost 3 times smaller. In the crotches of trees on shore at Rockingham Bay. Dallachy. Branches twining or climbing, copiously rooting. Petiole !4 to 1 inch long. Leaves 3 to 5 inches long 1 1/3 to 2 inches wide, perhaps more leathery than fleshy, with glands at base. Peduncles 1 to 3inches long solitary. Many flowered umbels. Rachis a few lines, cylindric. Pedicels about 1 inch long, very slender. Calyx segments ovate-lanceolate, nearly 1 line long. Diameter of the corolla nearly (1.4 cm) 14 uncialis (thumb length) in diameter. Partitions of the corona little more than 1 line long. Pollinia clavate-cylindric about 1 /3 of an inch long. A species of H. polystachya* (Blume in Museum Botanicum Lugduno- Botanicum i 45, figure 9) named in honour of Madam Lady Nicholson, wife of the late distinguished nobleman Baron Caroli Nicholson. Until now recognized merely as another standard generic specimen from Australia, mainly Hoy a dalrympliana ( F. M. Report on Plants of Burdek Expedition 16) nowhere described in gardening out of 77. australis (77. carnosa , R. Brown Pr. 460) not unless varieties sworn depart from leaves cordate-orbicular very glabrous, stems peduncles and pedicels almost deprived of indumentum and the corona not at all carmine striated. * Editors Note: I see no connection of H. nicholsoniae with H. polystachya, the later species is not associated with the former in any other literature, I am aware of. In Flora Australiensis 4 (1867) 347. G. Bentham. 3. Hoya nicholsoniae, F. Muell. Fragm. V. 159. A glabrous succulent epiphyte clinging to the trunks of trees, the branches often twining and emitting fibers not confined to the nodes. Leaves ovate or elliptical, acuminate, contracted into a rather short petiole, thick and fleshy, very obliquely penninerved and 3-nerved at the base or almost quintuplinerved, 2 to 3 in. long or when luxuriant above 4 in. Flowers yellow rather numerous in the umbel, the pedicels 14 to 34 in. long. Corolla if spread open nearly 14 in. diameter, deeply lobed, quite glabrous, the lobes acute and curved over the gynostegium in to dried specimen. Corona-segments expanded into ovate slightly concave disks, the outer margine almost acute, the inner margin very broad short and obtuse, the back with 2 broadly-prominent involute keels. Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. The foliage is that of H. diptera , Seem., from the Fiji Islands, which is also said to have yellow flowers, but the very imperfect flowers on our specimens appear to have the corolla pubescent, with broader lobes. In Synopsis of the Queensland Flora (1883) 319. F. M. Bailey. H. nicholsoniae, F. v. M. (After Lady Nicholson.) A glabrous succulent twiner. Leaves ovate, acuminate, fleshy, 3-nerved at the base or almost quintuplinerved, 2 to 6 inches long. Flowers yellow in simple umbels. Corona-segments expanded into a slightly concave, ovate almost acute, disk, the inner margine very short and obtuse (C. Int.) In Queensland Flora 2 (1900) 1013. F. M. Bailey. H. Nicholsoniae (after Lady Nicholson), F. v. M. Fragm. V. 159; Benth FI. Austr. Iv. 347. A glabrous succulent 735 epiphyte clinging to the trunks of trees, the branches often twining and emitting fibers not confined to the nodes. Leaves ovate or elliptical, acuminata, contracted into a rather short petiole, thick and fleshy, very obliquely penniveined, and 3 -nerved at base or almost quintuplinerved, 2 to 3 in. long or when luxuriant above 4in. Flowers yellow, rather numerous in the umbel, the pedicels Vi to 3/4 in. long. Corolla if spread open nearly Zi in. diameter, deeply lobed, quite glabrous, the lobes acute and curved over the gynostegium. Corona-segments expanded into ovate slightly concave disks, the outer margin almost acute, the inner margin very broad short and obtuse, the back with 2 broadly-prominent involute keels. Flab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy; not uncommon in the tropics. In Comprehensive Catalog of Queensland Plants (1913). F. M. Bailey. Nicholsoniae. F. v. M. (fig. 311.) In Australian Climbing Plants (1977) 123. Jones & Gray. Hoya nicholsoniae Qld (north) Sept-Nov. The leaves, of this species are very distinctive and have prominent silvery veins. They are ovate about 8 cm. long sometimes thick and fleshy and can become bright red or purplish if exposed to the Sun. The yellow flowers are borne in dense umbels and are fragrant towards dusk. They have recurved petals and prominent expanded corona segments. H. nicholsoniae is widespread and often common, in a variety of habitats from sea level to the highlands. Asclepiadaceae. In Hoya in Australia (1988) 17. P. I. Forster. 3. H. nicholsoniae F. Muell., Frage. 5: 159 (1866). Type: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy s.n. (MEL) G. Bentham, FI. Austral. 4: 347 (1869) ; F. M. Bailey, Queensland FI. 3: 1013 (1900); F. M. Bailey, Comer. Cat. Queensland PL fig. 31 1 (1913); D. L. Jones & B. Gray, Aust. Climbing PI. t. 123 (1977); K. A. W. Williams, Native PI. Queensland. 1: 160 (1979). 3a. H. nicholsoniae. This is a variable species extending from et least 18° S and extending north into the Iran Range at 12° 30'S {Fig. 2 & 3). The plant is common in most rainforest types in its range. Leaves variable, ovate to lanceolate, cuneate or obtuse, 7-15cm long, 3-7cm wide; edges can recurve in some forms. Peduncles to 4cm long, retained for many years, producing flowers annually. Umbels of 10-30 flowers, pedicels to 3cm long, 0.1cm diameter. Calyx 0.5cm diameter, lobes broadly acute & glabrous. Coroll 1-1. 5cm diameter, with the lobes recurring sharply from corona, or cup-shaped; lobe edges & tips recurred; yellow, green or brownish pink; densely puberulous on the upper surface and glabrous below. Corona flat with centre being much lower than lobes, white, sometimes cream or green & tinged with pink, lobes ovate-lanceolate, to 0.4cm long, 0.2cm wide. Fig. 15. In Encyclopedia of Australian Plants suitable for cultivation ( 1990) 387 W. Roger Elliot & David L Jones. Hoya nicholsoniae F. Muell. (after Lady Nicholson). Qld. 4-8 m tall Sept-Nov. Epiphytic or lithophytic climber with twining stems; young growth shiny; leaves 4- 12cm x 2.57 cm, ovate to broadly ovate, on thick, corky petioles l-3cm long, rigid, thick and fleshy, green, coppery or reddish with 3 veins prominent; peduncles 112cm 736 long; umbels 10-30-flowered; flowers about 1.8 cm across, pale green, cream or pale yellow, fragrant, petals reflexed, on pedicels 6-10cm long; follicles 8-15 cm x 0.7-1 .2 cm. A common species that is widely distributed from Cape York Peninsula to Townsville and also occurs in New Guinea. It grows on trees or rocks from near sea level to high altitudes in situations from shade to full, sun. In the latter conditions plants often have thick colourful leaves. The flowers are fragrant towards evening. Popular in cultivation, this species is readily grown as a garden plant in tropical and subtropical regions and as a glasshouse plant in areas further south. It does well in pots or hanging baskets, with the stems twined around a frame. Plants flower freely and regularly, especially in conditions of good light. Drainage must be unimpeded. Propagate from seed, or from cuttings, which strike readily. In The Hoya Handbook (1992) 80. D. Kloppenburg A. Wayman. Hoya nicholsoniae F. Mueller. We are fortunate to have many fine clones of this beautiful Australian species to chose from. This is a variable species native to a wide range of environmental conditions in Northern Queensland. Our wide range of selection is due for the most part to the extensive collecting done by David J. Liddle of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia. Our picture is of one of his clones, IML 283 from the Iron Range, a small group of mountains along the coast facing the Great Barrier Reef. The photocopied foliage is of the broad leafed form sent to me by the late Peter Tsang of Brisbane, Australia. In its native habitat it is usually epiphytic and found in a wide range of habitats from sea shore to highland mist forests. This hoya is easy to grow due to its very wide adaptability. It roots easily from cuttings, grows rapidly and blooms readily. The plant is entirely without hairs (glabrous). I always think of this species in terms of being clean and attractive. Its foliage is waxy with prominent palmate venation. The leaves are mostly flat but in some clones the edges recurve slightly and the tip bends back also. The foliage in some clones become bright red or purplish if exposed to high light intensities or fed high phosphate fertilizers. This makes for an extremely different and desirable plant. The flowers are in semi-globose clusters of 10- 30. They are generally cream to yellow in color but often with pale pink flushed overtones. The reflexed petals covered with a very fine pubescence, appearing to general observation to be glabrous. The starry prominent central crown is glossy white. If you have room , this is one species of which you may want to grow several different clones. Hoya nicobarica R. Brown ex Traill In Trans. Hort. Society 7 (1827) 28. R. Brown. In Contributions to the Botany of India (1834) 34. R. Wight. This is a specimen in the Banksian herbarium, either named by Roxburgh, or supposed to be the same with his plant, to which Mi*. Brown has attached the name of H. Nicobarica (Br. mst.); but Roxburgh has expressly mentioned that his plant is a “native of the mountainous part of the Circars,” while that named by Mr. Brown seems to have come from the Nicobar islands, to the north of Sumatra: although we saw this specimen, yet unfortunately we 737 neither examined it with attention, nor made any notes upon it; if, however, our recollection serves us rightly it appeared more allied to, if not the same with H. Hookeriana of Wight. In General System of Gardening 4/23 (1837) 126. G. Don. 9 H. nicobarica (R. Br. herb. Ex Traill, in hort. trans. 7. p. 29.) umbels globose; flowers very numerous; leaves ovate-lanceolate. Perennial shrub. Native of the Nicobar Islands. Nicobar Hoy a. Shrub tw. In Prodromus Syst. Veg. 8 (1844) 640. DeCandolle. Under “Species non satis notae. H. nicobarica (R. Br. mss. herb. Banks), foliis ovate-lanceolatis, umbellis globosis multifloris. Shrub in Nicobaricis (Confer Traill trans. hort. soc. Lond. 7. p. 28; Wight et Arn. contrib. p. 36. Translation: leaves ovate-lanceolate, umbels globose many-flowered. hi Flora van Nederlandsch Indie Bataviae 1 (1856) 527. F. A. W. Miquel. 39. Hoya nicobarica R. Brown, mss. In Herb. Banks, Wight Contr. p. 36 Decaisn. 1. c. p. 640. Folia ovato-lanceolata umbellae globosis multiflorae.(Nicobaren). In Flora of British hidia 4 (1883) 62. J. D. Hooker. H. nicobarica, Br. in Wight Contrib. 36 (note under H. pendula , W & A.); Dene. 1. c. ( Nothing is known of this). In Journal of Botany British and Foreign 36 (1898) 415. J. Britten. Hoya nicobarica Br. Sir Joseph Hooker (FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 62) places this among his “doubtful and excluded species” with the following note: “//. nicobarica Br. in Wight Contrib. 86 (note under H. W. & A.) (Nothing is known of this.” This statement is the more remarkable because it is distinctly stated in Wight's Contributions that a specimen named by Brown was then in the Banksian Herbarium, where it still is to be found. It appears to be different from any species included in FI. Brit. Ind., and as only Traill's brief characterization (1. c. 28) has hitherto appeared, it may be well to append the following full description, which has been drawn up by Mr. Hiern from Brown's specimen and from his MSS.; (Hoya nicobarica R. Br. ex Twill in Trans. Hort. Soc. vii. part 1, p. 28 (1827) and in Herb. Banks! Stem rather slender, suffruticose, rooting, obtusely quadrangular, glabrous; leaves oval-ovate, pointed or acuminate at the apex, obtuse or nearly rounded at the base, glabrous, glaucescent, fleshy-coriaceous, 2-4 in. long by 1-2 in. broad, the margins narrowly revolute, the lateral veins slender, 5-7 on each side of the less slender midrib, the base not conspicuously trinerved; petiole stout, glabrous, 1/3 - Vi in. long, usually bent at or near the apex; flowers about 1/3 in. in diameter when fully expanded, arranged in “beautiful globose umbels" of VA -2 in. in diameter; axillary peduncles about 1 in. long, nearly glabrous, persistently thickened towards the bracteolate apex, where they give off a succession of numerous pedicels; the terminal peduncles abbreviated, with similar tips; pedicels slender, nearly glabrous, about 2/3 in. long; bracteoles very short, somewhat puberulous, numerous; calyx 5-partite, short; the segments equal, ovate-oval, obtuse, minutely apiculate, slightly glandular-puberulous on the back, ciliolate, 1/20 in. long, membranous, flat; corolla 738 5-cleft, the tube scarcely longer than the calyx, cyathiform; the lobes triangular-ovate, reflected, 1/10 in. long, very shortly puberulous outside, glandular-puberulous inside; corona inserted at the apex of the tube of filaments; the scales 5, divaricate, a little ascending, 1/12 in. long, rather thick, cartilaginous-fleshy, lanceolate, marked down the lower part of the back with a longitudinal furrow, angular towards the subacute not splitting apex, furnished inside near base with a short spur, staminal tube short; filaments closely connate; anthers connivent, concealed by the corona, the apical membranous appendages exerted. “Nicobar Isles ? Soc. unitat. Fratr., 1785," n. 136. There is also in Herb. Banks a specimen labeled “Malacca, Mr. Robertson, gathered Sept. 1772," of which Brown it his MSS. says “Flos omnino ut in planta nicobarica." The specimen is poor, but Mr. Hiern has examined a flower, and considers it allied to, if not identical with, H. nicobarica Br. Hoya obscurinervia Merrill In Philippine Journal of Science 23 (1923) 263-264. E. D. Merrill. Hoya obscurinervia sp. nov. Subherbacea, scandens, petalis intus exceptis glabra, ramis teretibus, 3 ad 4 mm diametro; foliis oppositis, carnosis, in siccitate coriaceis, pallidis, ellipticis ad oblongo- ellipticis, subtenuiter acuminatis, basi plerumque acutis, obscure 3 vel 5-plinerviis, circiter 10 cm longis, 4 ad 4.5 cm latis, nervis tenuibus, reticulis obsoletis; petiolo crasso, 2 ad 2.5 cm longo; umbellis circiter 25-floria, longe pedunculatis, pedunculo circiter 8 cm longo, pedicellis tenuibus, 2 ad 2.5 cm longis; floribus albis, circiter 1 cm diametro, sepalis oblongo-ovatis, subacutis, obscurissime ciliatis; petalis intus puberulis, ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, acutis, circiter 4.5 mm longis. San Tsuen, near Nodoa, and Loh Hoe, McClure 9819 (type). Moninger 164, April 15, 1922, and May, 1919, on trees in village commons. The alliance of this species is clearly with Hoya parasitica Wall., from which it is distinguished, among other characters, by its longer petioles and distinctly larger flowers. Focal name: Ah meung hai. Translation: Somewhat herbaceous climber, glabrous except inside the corolla, branches round, 3 to 4 mm in diameter; leaves opposite, fleshy, when dry leathery, pale, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, somewhat thin acuminate, bases for the most part acute, obscurely 3 or 5 plinerved, about 10 cm long, 4 to 4.5 cm wide, nerves thin, reticulations irregular; petiole thick, 2 to 2.5 cm long; umbels of about 25-flowers peduncles long, peduncles about 8 cm long, pedicels thin, 2 to 2.5 cm long; flowers white, about 1 cm in diameter, sepals oblong-ovate, almost acute, very obscurely ciliate; corollas inside puberulous, ovate to oblong-ovate, acute, about 4.5 mm long. In An Enumeration of Hainan Plants (Lingnan Science Journal) 5 (1927) 153. E. D. Merrill. Hoya obscurinervia Merr. 1. c. Loh-hoe and Nodoa, Moninger 164, McClure 9819. On trees in village commons, common fide Moninger. Endemic. Local Name: Ah meung hai. 739 Hoya pottsii Traill In Transactions of the Horticultural Society 7 (1830) 25. J. Traill. TV. Hoya pottsii. This species is a valuable addition to our gardens, for, besides having peculiar beauties, it is of easy culture and it blossoms freely. The late Mr. John Potts, on his return from China in August 1822, and shortly before his death, gave Mr. Sabine a single leaf of this Hoya, which he had gathered in one of his excursions near Macao; it was carefully planted, and anxiously attended to, until it sent forth a shoot from its base in the spring of 1824. hi the autumn of the same year the plant put forth blossom-buds; these dropped off, but perfect flowers were produced in the following year. In record of the original discovery of the plant by Mr. Potts, and as a proof of the esteem in which he was held by his employers, the species was named in the Garden of the Horticultural Society in compliment to him. The stem is slender, greenish-brown, covered irregularly with warts, from which small roots are freely produced. The leaves are cordate, sharply, acuminate, having occasionally a rusty stairs partly spread over them, beneath of a pale whitish green without veins, above light yellowish green, with three distinct veins of ratter lighter colour than the leaf, from which smaller veins occasionally branch off. The petioles are not particularly thick, and less than half an inch long; they are of the same colour as the stems. The umbels are globose, producing very beautiful pale flowers with the same waxy appearance as H. carnosa , and smelling, like the Peruvian, Heliotrope, they are of a yellowish colour. The corolla is; slightly downy, and much reflexed. The crown has a pinkish centre. The figure annexed is engraved from a drawing made by Mrs. Withers, from the original plant when it first blossomed in 1825. In The Botanical Cabinet (1833) t. 1969. Loddiges. No. 1969. Hoya Pottsii. Class. Pentandria. Order Trigynia. This was introduced in 1831, from China, to the garden of the Horticultural Society, by their collector, Mr. Potts, after whom it has received its name. It has been kept constantly be the stove, and flowered in the month of May. It may be increased without difficulty by cuttings, and should be potted in rich loam. In General System of Gardening and Botany 4 (1837) 126. G. Don. 17 H. pottsii (Trail, in hort. trans. 7. p. 25. t. 1.) stems slender, greenish brown, usually covered with warts; leaves cordate, acuminated, with a rusty stain partly spread over them, pale whitish below, light yellowish-green above, with 3 principal veins; umbels globose. Woody perennial shrub. Native about Macao. Flowers pale yellow, slightly downy, smelling like Heliotropium. Corona slightly purple in the Centre. Pots's Hoya. FI. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub tw. In Synopsis Plantarum 6 (1840) 892. N. F. Dietrich. 30. H. Pottsii Traill, fol. cordato-ovatis breve acuminatis supra 3-nerviis; cor. supra vix pubescente, Traill, in Linn. Trans. 7. t. 1. B. Cab. 1609.* B. M.. 3425. Prope Macao Woody. Cor. alba. * Error should be 1969. 740 Translation: foliage cordate-ovate briefly acuminate above 3 nerved; corolla above barely pubescent. In Prodromus System Veget. 8 (1844) 638. (DeCandolle’s) Decaisne. 26. H. Pottsii Traill hort. transact, lond. V. 7, p. 25, t. I), volubilis glabris, caulibus ramisque teretibus, foliis ovatis v. subcordato-ovatis brevi acuminatis supra trinervis, nervis ad limbum medium evanescentibus, subtus aveniis pedunculis brevibus multifloris, pedicellis gracilibus glabris, corolla; introrsum vix pubescente pallida flava, coronae stam. Foliolis ovato-acutis albidis, apice porrecto. Woody shrub in China circa Macao. Hoya Pottsii Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1969; Bot. mag. t. 3425,. (v.s.v.cult. h. Mus. par.) Translation: twining, glabrous, stalks branched round, leaves ovate or almost cordate-ovate, shortly acuminate above three nerved, nerves vanishing towards the middle, veinless beneath, peduncles short many flowered, pedicels slender glabrous, corolla inside barely pubescent pale yellow, leaflets of the staminal corona ovate-acute white, apex stretched. A woody shrub in China near Macao. H. pottsii Loddiges Botanical Cabinet, t. 1969; Botanical Magazine t. 3425, (I have seen it in cultivation in the herbaria of the Paris Museum.) In Botanical Magazine (1847 ?). Curtis’s, t. 3425 Hoya pottsii. Mr. Pott’s Hoya. Class and Order: Pentandria Digynia. (Nat. Ord. — Asclepiadaceae.) Specific Character and Synonyms. Hoya* pottsii; foliis cordato-ovatis brevi -acuminatis supra trinerviis, corolla supra vix pubescente. Hoya Pottsii. Traill, in Hort. Trans, v. 7., p. 25 t. 1. ? Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 1. 1609. (error should be 1969). Cultivated in the stove of the Bot. Garden of Glasgow, where it flowers in May. It is much to be regretted that Mr. Traill, in his otherwise valuable paper on the differed species of Hoya, has not more precisely defined the characters between his Hoya Pottsii and H . trinervis . Our plant this undoubtedly the H. Pottsii of the Bot. Cabinet, but the colour of the flowers is different from that of Mi*. Traill, and in this respect, as well as in some others, it agrees better with the trinervis , of which its author says, “It bears a Great [ resemblance to H. Pottsii , from which, however, it may be principally distinguished by its larger and thinner leaves, the veins of which are more strongly marked, and also by the yellowish colour in the centre of the crown." May not the two be varieties of one and the same plant ? In ours, the old leaves at the base of the plant are much thicker than the upper ones, and have the nerves more obsolete. From H. carnosa the species is best known for its larger, broad three-nerved leaves, and the almost entire absence of down upon the upper surface of the corolla. It wholly wants the bright red spots in the inside of the crown, and the smell certainly cannot be compared to that of a “rich plumb cake, or a combination of that of honey with the almond flavour of the Peruvian Heliotrope," (to which that of H carnosa is likened by Sir J. E. Smith,) but rather resembles that of strong and bad honey. If we are correct in considering the plant to be the original H. Pottsii , it is a native of the vicinity of Macao where a leaf was gathered by the zealous collector to the Horticultural Society, whose name it bears, and which being, given to Mr. Sabine, and planted, soon flourished. The H. trinervis was brought from China by Mi*. John Damper Parks. 741 Descr. Stem long, branched, twining, the extremities frequently leafless and rooting. Leaves ovato-cordate with a short acumen; when old, very thick, and between fleshy and coriaceous, convex below, and pale-green, with scarcely an appearance of nerves; above concave, deep-green, with one central and two lateral nerves, the middle one sometimes sending out very obscure lateral oblique ones, the margin slightly revolute. Petioles rounded, short, very thick; when old, clothed with a sort of pale-brown bark. Peduncle from the side of one of the petioles at its base, two inches long, bearing a compact almost globose umbel of flowers. Calyx with five short, broadly ovate teeth. Corolla rotate, of five broadly ovate, acute, very pale yellow-green lobes, quite glabrous below, above so slightly downy that the pubescence can only be seen by the assistance of a microscope. Crown of five large, depressed fleshy, ovate, spreading, white leaves, between which the colour is orange. *Named in. honour of Mr. Thomas Hoy, gardener to His Grace the Duke of Northumberland. In Dictionary of the Royal Botanical Society. H. Pottsii. 1. cordate, slender- pointed, rusty above, paler beneath, fl. pale yellow, slightly downy, fragrant; corona white with yellow centre; umbels globose. India 1824. (B. 3425; L.B.C. 1069.) Should be 1969. Var. trinervis. L. oblong, light yellowish-green, variable in size. fl. pale greenish- yellow. China. In Tuinbouw Flora 1 (1854) 68-69. DeVriese. 5. Hoya Pottsii Traill. De Hoya naar Pots genoemd, is 't cerst ingevoerd geworden in Betanischen tuin van Glasgow, alwaar die plant gebloeid heeft in Mei 1833 Zij schijnt van H. trinervis te verschillen door de breedere en dunnere bladen, waarvan de aders sterker geteekend zijn, en door de geelwitte kleur, in het midden van de bloem heeft het kroontje eene geelwitte kleur. Een enbel bald van deze plantsoort was op Makao ingezameld door den verzameleer Pots, wiens naam de plant draagt, en 'twelk in Engeland tot den wasdom eener votkomen plant gekomen zijnde, aldaar spoedig tot bloei kwam. De gele bloemkroon met de witte bijkroontjes, wier middelpunt licht oranje-rood is, maakt deze plant tot een sieraad der kassen Atfgeb. in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3425. Translation: The Hoya named for Pots, was imported first into the botanical garden of Glasgow, where those plants have thrived in May 1833, they seemed to diverge from H. trinervis by their being of thinner leaves, of which being stronger divided veins and by the yellow white color, in it middle of the flower having a coronet of a yellow-white color. An entirely glabrous from these plant types was from Macao imported by the collections by Pots, whose name the plant carries, and brought to England their through the wisdom one absolute plant, there early until florescence came. The yellow blooms with the white crown, with the middle part being light orange-red, making these plants an ideal house plant. From in Hooker Botanical Magazine t. 3425. In Dictionary of Gardening, London 2 (1884). G. Nicholson. H. Pottsii (Potts’s).* fl. pale yellow, slightly downy, fragrant; corona rather purple in the centre; umbels globose. 1. cordate, acuminated, with a rusty stain partly spread over them, pale whitish beneath. India 1824. (B.M. 3425.) 742 In Enumeration of Plants from China, Formosa, Hainan, 2. Hoya Pottsii, Traill in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. vii p. 25, t. 1; DC. Prodr. viii. p. 638; Maxim. In Med. Biol. Ix. p. 822; Todd. Bot. Cab. t. 1969; Bot. Mag. t. 3425. Hoya trinervis , Traill in Trans Hort. Soc. Fond. Vii. p. 26 ? Kwangtung: Macao (Potts ex Traill). We have seen no specimens of this, either wild or cultivated; but the conspicuously three-nerved leaves, as represented in the figures cited, at once distinguish it from H. carnosa , R. Br. In Journal of the Finnean Society 26 (1889) 116. W. B. Hemsley. 2. Hoya Pottsii, Traill in Trans. Hort. Soc. Fond. Vii. p. 25. t. 1.; DC. Prod. viii. p. 638; Maxim. In Med. Biol. Ix. p. 822; Fodd. Bot. Cab. t, 1969; Bot. Mag. t. 3425., Hoya trinervis , Traill in Trans Hort. Soc, Fond. vii. p. 26 ? Kwangtung : Macao (Potts ex Traill). We have seen no specimens of this, either wild or cultivated but the conspicuously three-nerved leaves, as represented in the figures cited. At once distinguish it from H. carnosa , R. Br. In Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (1912) 173 “Flora of Kwangtung, China” Dunn & Tutcher. 2. H. pottsii , Traill; DC. Prod. viii. 638. Macao. FI. pale yellow, In Sunyatsenia 3 (1936) 171. Tsiang. Hoya Pottsii Traill in Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 25. t. 1. 1830; G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 126 1838; Decne. in DC., Prodr. 8: 638. 1844; Maxim, in. Bull. Acad. Sc. St. Petersbourg 23: 384. F877; Bot. Mag. t. 3425; Hemsl. in Journ. Finn. Soc. 26: 1 16. 1889; K. Schumann in Engler & Prantl, Naltirl. Pflanzenfam. 4, Abt. 2: 290. 1895; Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Add. Ser. 10:172. 1912. Hoya obscurinervia Merrill in Philip. Journ. Sc. 23: 263. 1923, in Fingnan Sc. Journ. 5: 153.1927, synon. nov. Kwangtung: Kochow, Kuliangling, Y. Tsiang 2226 (Fruiting Type), May 10, 1929; Ting Shan, K. K. Tsoong 1835, June 8, 1908. Hainan: Nodoa. F. A. McClure 9819 (isotype of H. obscurinervia in Herb. Fingnan Univ. and Hongkong Bot. Gard.), April 15, 1922; Taarn Chau, W. T. Tsang 299. May 6, 1928; without precise locality, T. K. Fu 9331, July, 1933; Ngai Yuen, C. Wang 33071, July 16, 1933; Man-ning, H. Y. Fiang 61501, April 5, 1932;Fingshui, H. Y. Fiang 65418, April 26, 1932; Heng-pu Po, H. Y. Fiang 65212, Feb. 24, 1934; Ngai Yuen, F. C. How 70373, March 17, 1933; same locality, F. C. How 70803, May 25, 1533. Distribution: Kwangtung, new to Hainan. Descr. add. Pedunculus fructi glaber 2 cm. longus; foilliculi lmeari-oblongi prope apicem attenuati divaricati 11 cm. longi 8 mm. crassi, epicarpio cinereo nigrimaculoso purberuli, endocarpio flavido coriaceo; semina minuta lineari-oblonga 4 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata obtusa basi acuta, comis albo-sericeis 3.5 cm. longis. This is very near the preceding, Tsiang 2226 exactly matches the plate and description in the Botanical Magazine and is the same as the isotype of Hoya obscurinervia Merr. except that in the latter, the leaf base is slightly narrower, but in this respect much variation is shown in the numbers above cited. Other collections from 743 Hainan representing the narrow leaved form are: Ngai Yuen, H. Y. Liang 6 1901, .July 4, 1933; Chin Shan, Fan Maan Tsuen, F. A. McClure 20081, May 4-20, 1932; Fung Shue Shan, W. T. Tsang 299, May 6, 1928; Nga-ping Shan, Taam Chau, W. T. Tsang 957, Sept. 29, 1927. Translation: Peduncle fruiting glabrous 2cm long, follicles linear oblong near the apex attenuate, spreading 11 cm long, 8 mm wide, thick epicarp grayish black spotted, puberulous, endocarp yellow leathery; seeds small linear oblong 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, obtuse, base acute, como white silky 3.5 cm long. In Flora Kainantensis (1943) 267. G. Masamure. Hoya pottsii Traill, in Trans. Hort. Soc. Vll. p. 25, t. 1 (1830); Tsiang, in Sunyat. Ill p. 171 (1936); Tanaka et Odashima, in J.-Trop. X. p. 379 (1938). Syn. Hoya obscurinervia Merr., in Philipp. Journ. Sc. XXIJI p. 263 (1923) et in Lingn.-J. V. p. 153 (1927); Groff, Ding & Groff, in Lingn.-R II p. 131 (1924); Kaneeh et Sasaki, in Tr. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. XIX p. 373 (1929) Script A. Neung Hai Script. In Acta Phytotaxinomica 12/1 (1974) 124-125. J. Tsiang & P. T. Li. Hoya pottsii Trail var. angustifolia (Traill) Tsiang et P. T. Li, comb. nov. H. angustifolia Traill in Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 29 (sp. dub.) 1830 Followed by script. The script translated by Peter Tsang (Australia) indicates that One collector collected the species in 2 different locations and another collector in 3 locations (Field collection numbers are shown. Also indicated are different color and color combinations. "‘The structure of the flowers the tri nerve venation of this mutation (//. pottsii var. angustifolia) is identical to that of the normal H. pottsii , but the leaf of this mutation is narrower and the shape of the base of the leaf is more cordate.” In Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae, 63 (1977) 476-479. 1 script. Hoya pottsii Traill in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 7: 25, t. 1. 1830; Decne. In DC. Prodr. 8: 638. 1844; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 1 16. 1889; K. Schum. in Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 4, 2: 290. 1895; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. a. s. 10: 172. 1912; Tsiang in Sunyatsenia 3: 171. 1936; script Hoya obscurinervia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 23: 263. 1923, et in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 153. 1927. Script following Hoya rigida Kerr. In Kew Bulletin (1939) 463. A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya rigida Kerr. (Asclepiadaceae- Marsdenieae); species a congeneribus (§ Euhoya) foliis rigidis 5-plinerviis, calycis lobis lineari-lanceolatis distinguenda. Suffrutex volubilis, glaber; rami sat robust), teretes vel subquadrati. Folia ovate vel ovato-elliptica, basi rotundata vel late cuneata, apice longe acuteque acuminate, margine anguste revoluta, 12-14 cm. longa, 4. 5-6.3 cm. lata, siccitate rigide coriacea, durissima, supra nigro-brunnea, subtus fusca, utrinque opaca, e basi 5-plinervia, nervis utrinque plano-convex is, nervis transversis interdum prominulis, petiolus crassissimus supra plano-convexus, 1.2-2 cm. longis. Inflorescentia lateralis, 25-flora vel ultra, 744 umbelliformis, pedunculata, pedunculus robustus, circiter 2 cm. longus; rhachis usque 15 cm. producta, vel ultra; pedicelli graciles, glabri, ad 2.7 cm. long). Calyx alte 5-fidus, glaber, extra basin versus minute papillosus, intus minute glanduliferus; lobi lineari- lanceolati, subacuti, 6 mm. long), basi 1.5 mm. lati. Corolla rotata, interdum parum reflexa, explanata circiter 20 mm. diametro, extra glabra, intus velutina; tubus explanatus 3 mm. longus; lobi lanceolati, acuti, explanati circiter 8 mm. longi, 7 mm. lati. Coronae segmenta radiato-patentia, utrinque acute, dorso leviter concave medioque parum carinata. Antherae appendix coronam leviter superans; pollinia oblonga, circiter 1 mm. longa, corpusculo rhomboideo multo longiora. Stigmatis caput membranaceum, 5-lobatum, apice minute bifidum; carpella glabra, 2 mm. alta. Folliculi ignoti. Krat, Kao Kuap, Put 3034. Translation: A congener (in section Eu-Hoya) leaves rigid having 5-pli nerves, calyx lobes linear-lanceolate distinguished. Twining subshrub, glabrous; branches moderately robust, terete or almost squared. Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, bases rounded or broadly cuneate, apex long acutely acuminate, margins narrowly revolute, 12 to 14 cm. long, 4.5 to 6.3 cm. wide, when dry stiffly leathery, very hard, above black-brown, beneath dark, both sides opaque from the base 5-pli-nerved, nerves on both sides flat-convex, transverse nerves between prominent; petioles very thick, above flat-convex, 1.2 to 2 cm. long. Inflorescence lateral, 25 flowered or more, formed like an umbel, pedunculate; peduncles strong, about 2 cm. long; rachis up to 1.5 cm. long or more; pedicels slender, glabrous, to 2.7 cm. long. Calyx 5-parted high, glabrous, towards the outer base minutely papillose, inside minutely glandular; lobes linear-lanceolate, somewhat acute, 6 mm. long, bases 1.5 mm. wide. Corolla rotate, sometimes a little reflexed, flattened about 20 mm. in diameter, outside glabrous, inside velvety; tubes flattened 3 mm. long; lobes lanceolate, acute, flattened about 8 mm. long, 7 mm. wide. Segments of the corona radially spreading, both ends acute, back lightly concave middle a little keeled. Appendages of the anther crown a little higher; pollinia oblong about 1 mm. long, retinaculo rhomboid much longer. Stigma head membranaceous 5-lobed, apexes minutely 2-fd; carpers glabrous, 2 mm high. Follicles not seen. In Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3 (1951) 42. W. G. Craib & A. F. G. Kerr. Hoya rigida Kerr in Kew Bull. 1 039, 463. Chantaburi. Krat, Kao kuap, Put 3034 (type), 3036! Local name: Tao roi pla ( ) Saimese, Krat (ex Put). A species distinguished from others of the section Euhoya by its rigid, 5-plinerved leaves and long, narrow calyx lobes. In The Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Asclepiadaceae in Tropical Asia (1995) 92. “The Genus Hoya in Thailand” O. Thaithong. H. rigida Kerr. Kew Bull. (1939) 463. FI. Siam. Enum. 3 (1951 ) 42. Occurrence: (E): Nakhon Ratchasima. (SE) Chanthaburi, Trat. Notes: Robust climber: leaves fleshy-coriaceous, flat, 10-15 x 6-8 cm; flower 1.8 - 2 cm dia. when fully expanded; calyx narrow, slightly longer then corolla tube; corolla pale creamy pink, reflexed; corona pinkish purple towards inner end, top of corona flat. 745 Hoya sogeriensis Moore In Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 52 (1913) 293. S. Moore “Plantae Novae Papauanae”. Hoya ( Eu-Hoya) sogeriensis, sp. nov. Planta scandens, caule satis valido folioso interdum radicante, foliis per rata magnis ellipticis vel elliptico-oblongis breviter acuminatis apice obtusis basi obtusis 5-nervibus carnoso-coriaceis glabris petiolis sat longis incrassatis insidentibus, pedunculis robustis foliis multoties brevioribus, umbellis circa 20-floris, pedicellis tenuibus pedunculo saepissime brevioribus et pedunculis omnino glabris, calycis parvuli segmentis ovatis obtusis glabris, corolla, mediocri rotate ultra medium divisa lobis rhombeo-ovatis acutis recurvis intus prope basin glabris alibi minuto papillosis, coronae phyllis horizontal ibus apice (interne) obtusis superne ovatis medio concavis postice acutis lateribus oblongis crassiusculis, antherarum alis optime prominentibus, polliniis oblongo-pyriformibus apice obtusissimis, glandula ovata caudiculas teneras duplo excedente. British New Guinea, Mt. Sogere, 1750-2000 ft; H. O, Forbes, sine no. Caulis saepius 2-3 mm. diam., nonnunquam usque, ad 4 mm. Folia pleraque 10-16 x 3-4 cm., in sicco viridi-grisea; nervi utrinque eminentes; petioli 1-2 cm. long., superne canaliculati, summum 5-6 mm. diam., saepissime vero tenuiores. Pedunculi 2-4 cm long.; pedicelli 17 mm. Flores pedicellique purpurei. Calycis segmenta aegre 2 mm. long. Corolla circa 12 mm. diam.; lobi 4.5-5 x 5 mm. Coronae phylla (sensu radiato) 4 mm. long., superne 2 mm. lat. Pollinia .6 mm., glandula .25 mm. long. Judging from the description, this should be placed next H. marginata Schlechter, which, inter alia, has larger and broader acuminate leaves and a corona diverse in some respects. Translation: Climbing plant, stalks moderately to strongly foliate sometimes rooting, leaves relatively large elliptic or elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate apex obtuse bases obtuse 5-nerved fleshy-leathery glabrous setting upon moderately long thickened petioles, peduncles strong much shorter than the leaves, umbels of about 20 flowers, pedicels thin very often shorter than peduncle, both entirely glabrous, calyx small, segments ovate obtuse glabrous, corolla middle sized rotate divided beyond the middle, lobes rhomboid-ovate acute recurved inside near base glabrous elsewhere minutely papillose, leaflets of the corona horizontal, (inner) apex obtuse ovate above middle concave outer apex acute sides oblongly thickened, anther extremely prominent, pollinia oblong-pear shaped, with very obtuse apexes, glands ovate caudicles delicate twice longer. British New Guinea, Mt. Sogere, 1700 to 2000 ft.; H. O. Forbes without number. Stalks frequently 2 to 3 mm in diameter, sometimes up to 4 mm. Leaves for the most part 10 to 16 by 3 to 4 cm, when dried greenish -gray; nerves on both sides projecting out; petioles 1 to 2 cm long, channeled above, at the top 5 to 6 mm in diameter, most frequently, in truth, thinner. Peduncles 2 to 4 cm long; pedicels 17 mm. Flowers and pedicels purplish. Calyx segments scarcely 2 mm long. Corolla about 12 mm in diameter; lobes 4.5 to 5 by 5 mm. Leaflets of the corona (appear radial) 4 mm long, above 2 mm wide. Pollinia .6 mm, gland .25 mm long. 746 The following presentation of mine is an attempt to show that H. verticillata is not synonymous with Hoya pallida ( H . parasitica the non homotypic specimens mentioned by Traill). Sperlingia By Dale Kloppenburg I am again trying to resolve all the material relating to the Denmark Herbarium material of Vahl’s species collected evidently in 1804. For years I have been troubled by the Photocopies of the photos on Vahl’s sheets labeled Sperlingia 0/?posita 6:114 (1804) and Sperlingia verticillata 6:113 (1804), identified by Ruurd van Donkelaar in March 1996 as Hoya parasitica (Roxb.) Wall ex Trail. The foliage and venation of these two species are different and the venation did not appear to me to be like ( H . parasitica) Hoya acuta Haworth. I have finally obtained specimen flowers from the Sperlingia material through the kindness of Christy Brink and the Danish herbarium at Copenhagen. For this material I am indeed indebted and appreciative. These have been photographed and the necessary data collected and noted. My conclusion is that these species are different from one another although closely related and are not Hoya parasitica . The following is given in way of background and follow up regarding these species, (see discussion at the end). In my monograph on Hoya Section Acanthostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg 1992 revised 1995, the following appeared: Introduction Under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) a plant can be to taxa of the following ranks below genus and of higher status than species (in descending sequence): subgenus, sectio, subsectio, series, and subseries. To date the Genus Hoya has been subdivided into subgenera and sections. The sectional divisions are established in an attempt to group species with recognizably similar characteristics together. By studying the species in each section it is hoped in this way to delineate as precisely as possible the probable phylogeny, and to bring out the salient structures which indicate relationships. A section is a taxonomic category. Sections if natural have evolved over time just as species or genera have. As a better understanding of the entire complex of Hoya species has grown so too have more sections been defined; several originally as genera in their own right. Eventually many of these genera were incorporated into the genus Hoya. Since they represented a delineated species or group of species it was natural that they were incorporated at the sectional or subgeneric level of this complex genus. 747 Articles #21 and #22 of the ICBN establish the rules for subdivisions of genera. On the 15 of June 1992 1 presented my first study of the “Hoya Sections”, which included references to the Hoya Section Sperlingia (Vahl) Miquel. Subsequently in January 1993 the first release of a manuscript on this section was completed. Dr. J. F. Veldkamp at the Rijksherbarium at Leiden, The Netherlands made numerous suggestions for corrections and revisions, which were appreciated. A revised edition was completed in January 1994. At the urging of Dr. J. F. Veldkamp I began an in depth study of the literature of each species I had included in the Section Sperlingia (Vahl) Miquel. In working on the changes to this latter publication it became apparent to me that some of the species previously thought to be in this Section did not belong there. The major shock occurred when l realized that the genus Sperlingia Vahl on which this section was based by Miquel did not contain bilobed coronal species. The types of Vahl's two species have been identified by Ruurd van Donkelaar in The Netherlands as being Hoya parasitica Wall, ex Traill. (Thus Section Sperlingia is a synonym of Section Hoya, while *H. verticillata (Vahl) Don is the correct name for H. acuta Haworth; including ff parasitica Wallich ex Trail). It is apparent to me that Miquel fixed in his mind Vahl’s description of the corolla for the corona, (see the text and translation on page 3). In addition confusion probably arose because of the introduction of Rumphius’ t. 175, f. 1, or Nummular ia lactea major adapted as a synonym by several authors, i.e. Rumphius’ Herbarium Amboinensis 5 1. 1 75 fig. 1. This figure has been placed into synonymy with various species beginning with George Forster (1776), Vahl (1810) and Blume (1826). George Forster and Vahl placed both of these entities into synonymy. Blume, however, did not include the species under Hoya rumphii’s description in 1826, but when he switched his species to Acanthostemma rumphii Blume in 1848 he included Nummular ia lactea major. It seems abundantly clear that the Rumphius’ figure is not a coronal bilobed species. * Since this species was misidentified as Hoya parasitica Wallich ex Trail ( Hoya acuta Haworth)7 this conclusion is no longer valid. Because no section has been designated to house these bilobed coronal hoya species, where they have previously been incorrectly included in the section Sperlingia (Vahl) Miquel, a new sectional description is here presented. I have chosen to keep taxonomic continuity by naming this new section Acanthostemma. I had some hesitancy with “Acanthostemma” since Koorders incorrectly quoted Miquel and referred to an “untersektion Acanthostemma” (though doubtful as a correctly established “subsection”). I did not want confusion to arise over the use of this name for a section. Upon further consultation with Dr. Veldkamp I accepted his premise that the term “Acanthostemma” would best serve by keeping in line with prior usage. Lectotypification for the genus was done by Dr. K. D. Hill in Telopia 3(2): 1988, with Acanthostemma rumphii (Bl# (Hoya rumphii Bl.), as the lectotype. 748 II Section Acanthostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg Section nova: based on Acanthostemma Blume in Rumphia 4 (1848) 49-50. Type species is Hoya rumphii Blume. Since the German botanist Carl Ludwig Blume had established the genus Acanthostemma, which contains species of the this section, it is well to look at the description of this genus to become more familiar with this section. Genus Acanthostemma Blume was published in Rumphia IV (1848) 29 - 30 as follows: Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla rotata, quinquefida, laeiniis revolutis. Corona staminea pentaphylla, gynostegio abbreviate adnata, foliolis sagittatis carnosis erectis, angulo superiore in dentem antherea incumbentem producto. Antherae membrana stigmati incumbente terminatae. Pollinia basi affixa erecta subdivergentia oblonga compressa, anguste marginata. Stigma apiculatum. Folliculi laeves. Semina plurima, ad umbilicum comosa. — Herba pseudo-parasiticae, late in insulis Asiae tropicae et Nova Guinea dispersae, scandentes radicantes; foliis oppositis vel veiticillatis carnosis; umbellis vel racemis umbelliformibus saepe multifloris; floribus parvis fuscis vel dilute purpuras- centibus. Translation: Calyx 5 parted. Corolla rotate, pentamerous, with the lobes revolute. Corona of 5 segments, adnate to the short gynostegium, segments sagitate , fleshy, erect, with the superior (inner) angle produced into a tooth, incumbent upon the anther. With the anther terminal membranaceous, incumbent upon the Stigma. Pollinia affixed at the base, erect somewhat divergent, oblong with compressed narrow sides. Stigma apiculate. Follicles (seed pods) smooth. Many seeds with a hairy-tufted umbilicus. Herb, falsely parasitic, widely dispersed in insular Asian tropics and New Guinea; rooting climber, foliage opposite or verticillate (whorled) fleshy; umbels or racemes shaped like umbels often many flowered; with flowers small dark or light (dilute) purplish. The Latin description was copied in Annales Botanices Systematicae 3 by G. C. Walpers (1852) 64. This new section includes all those species formerly placed and accepted in the genus Acanthostemma Blume in Rumphia 4 (1848) 49-50; and includes all those Hoya species with bilobed corona leaflets (scales). To understand the need for a new section for the bilobed coronal species of Hoya, the following background is presented in chronological order. 1. George Forster in Florulae Insularrum Aqustralium Prodromus (1776)21. 2. Vahl in Scrivener af Naturhistorie- Selskabet 6(1810) 112-114. 749 3. Blume in Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie 16 (1827) 1065. The common thread here is the species Nummular ia lactea major Rumph.. In G. Forster’s work this is misspelled as Numularia. Descriptions for the 3 above are as follows: 1. 128. A. volubilis, arborea volubilis, foliis oppositis cordato-subrotundis integerrimis carnosis: umbellis simplicissimis erectis. F- A. volubilis ? M.S.V. p. 259. n.4. Nansiera- patsia. Rlieed. hort. mal. P. IX. p. 21. t. 13. Numularia lactea major. Rumph. amb. V. t. 175 f. 1. Tanna. Note: here Nummular ia lactea major Rumphia and Rumphius’ figure are placed into synonymy with Asclepias volubilis. This citation seems to contain a number of species, which have no bearing here except for the citation of the species and figure. 2. Sperlingia 112-113 (This copy was obtained by Dr. J. F. Veldkamp at the Rijksherbarium in Teiden, The Netherlands, from Dr. Bertel Hansen in Denmark.) Publication: Gsribter af Naturhistorie-Gelssabert, Kiabenbavn 1810. Sperlingia 112-113 (This copy was obtained by Dr. J. F. Veldkamp at the Rijksherbarium in Teiden, The Netherlands, from Dr. Bertel Hansen in Denmark’s Copenhagen Herbarium) Sperlingia Botaniken synes Konig Christian den 4 de meget at have yndet. Han stiftede ikke allene ben forste offentlige botaniske have her I Tandet, men anlangde og en dor fig selb bed Rosenborgs Slot. Til Opseer over benne satte han Otto Sperling. Vel harbenne ikke efterladt fig andet Beviis paa sin kundskab am Vserter, end bolt en Fortegnelse over Haven ban forestod, Hortus Christianaeus Hafn., men hans Samtidge, der vare 1 Stand til at bedomme ham 1 benne henseende, ansaae ham for at vaere vel bedandrit deri. Maskee, ifald han ikke var bleven idbviklet med Corfitz Ulfeld, han havde aflagt flere prover paa sin kundskab. Mange gives, som ikke have bidragt mere, og adskillige mindre til Bidenskabens, Underdelse, end Sperling, after hvilke man har opkaldet planter. Teg troer, att bet saaledes lean indskyldes, at jeg har villet bevare bennes Minde fom Botanist Slasgten, som jeg har benaevnt efter ham, beter ligesom forrige til Contortae, udmaerker far de bvrige Slasgter ved at de aflange kronblade ere baade, hvorved de faae et Udseende, som om de vare dobbelt trekantede, den ene Vinkel indad vendt, de to udad, og hver af disse endende fig 1 en lidt. laengere fremstaaenden Spidse. Saavel Figuren af Nummularia lactea major Rumph. amb. 5. t. 175., som Blomstermaaden og Beskrivelen af koronen, passer saa fuldkommen til de 2de Vaerter, som jeg her leveter beskrevne, at jeg ikke tvivler om, at de hore til benne Slaegt. Teg anseer endog den han kalder Nummularia lactea major tab. 175. f. 1. at vasre samme med den jeg kalder Sperlingia opposita. 750 Character Essentials. Contorta. Nectarium stellula simplex genetilia tegrens. Petala 5, apice marginibusque inflexis triangularia, plana , conduplicata. Verticillata 1. Sperlingia foliis quaterno verticillatis. Habitat in India orientali. Caulis scandens, radicans, lignosus, teres, cortice cinereo, glaber, laevis. Folia peteolata, remota, quaterno-verticillata, bi-tripollicaria, oblonga, acuminata, acuta, integerrima, camosa, crassa, glabra, avenia, enervia, glabra. Petioli fere pollicares, succulenti, plano-depressa, lati, basi articulati. Pedunculi laterales, teretes, galbri. Flores umbellati, copiosi: pedicelli pollicares, filiformes, compressi, uniflori. Receptaciilum commune, primum hemisphaericum, demum cylindricum, pedunculo parum crassius, e casu pedicellonum conferte cicatricatum. Calyx pentaphyllus: foliola oblonga. Petala quinque, apice margine inflexo conduplicata, triangularia, margine exteriore retuso-subbicorinia: explanta oblonga utrinque acuta. Corpus truncatum stellula quinqueradiata: radii lanceolati, longitudine petalorum complicatorum, cum petalis alternates, medio linea elevata, ad cujus latera foveola longitudinalis, flavescentes, nitidi. Stamina non vidi. Germina duo sub centro copusculi. Folliculus sex-octopollicaris, glabra, laevis. Semina copiosa. (Sperlingia) opposita 2. Sperlingia foliis oppositis. Nummularia lactea major Rumph. Amb. 5 pi. 470. t. 175. f. I. Habitat in India orientali. Ex. herbario bibliothecae Christianiensis. Similis in omnibus praecedenti, diversa: foliis oppositis: petiolis angustioribus, subtus canvexis, supra caniculatis. Translation: (by Dr. Bertel Hansen of the Botanical Museum at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark) King Christian the 4th apparently loved botany. Not only did he establish an official Botanical Garden in the county, but he also arranged a private garden at the Rosenborg Castle. To supervise his private garden he employed Otto Sperling. This man did not leave other proof of his knowledge about plants except a 751 mere list (of plants) of the garden, he supervised, in Hortus Christianaeus Hafn.(iensis), but his contemporaries, capable of evaluating him in this connection, considered him to be well founded in this (i.e. knowledge of plants). May be, if he had not been connected with Corfitz Ulfeld (sentenced for high treason), he would have given more examples of his knowledge. Plants have been named after many, who did not contribute more, and several less, to the spread of science, than Sperling. I think it may therefore be excused that I have wanted to preserve the memory (of Sperling as a botanist). The genus, I have named after him, belong as the former to * Contortae, distinguished from the other genera by the elongate petals being in the apex and laterally inflexed hereby appearing double triangular, one angle pointing inwards, two outwards, and each of these terminating in a slightly protruding tip (very hard to imagine; the Latin text is easier). The illustration of Nummularia lactea major Rumph. amb. 5. t. 175., and the description of the corolla are in close agreement with the 2 plants, 1 describe here, and do not doubt that they belong to this genus. I even consider the one he calls Nummularia lactea major tab. 175. f. 1. to be the same as I call Sperlingia opposita. (bracketed remarks are Dr. Hansen's) italics are mine (RDK). * f . noun means intertwining as an adjective intricately or obscurely "Dr. Veldkamp (Leiden) refers to the aestivation of the corolla Numularia lactea major Rumph. was placed by Linneas in 'Contorta' Amoen Apend. 4 (1759 112" Essential Character. Contort. The simple star shaped nectare covering the genetilia. Petals 5, flat with the triangular apices and margins inflexed, rolled longitudinally (lengthwise). Verticillata 1. Sperlingia, leaves four in a whorl. Habitat, in the East Indies. Branches climbing, rooting, ligneous, round, with grayish bark, glabrous, smooth. Leaves petiolate, remote, four in a whorl. 2-3" long, oblong acuminate, acute, entire, fleshy, thick, glabrous, veinless, without nerves, glabrous. Petioles nearly 1" long, succulent distinctly flattened, wide, base jointed. Peduncles lateral, round glabrous. Flowers umbellate, plentiful. Pedicels 1 ", filiform compressed, one per flower. Receptacle common, end hemispherical becoming cylindrical, peduncle not very fleshy and devoid of pedicels, densely scared. 752 Calyx pentamerous: leaflets (sepals) oblong. Petals five, apical margines inflexed conduplicate longitudinally, triangular, with the exterior margins notched with 2 horns: outspread oblong both ends acute. Body pentamerous, star shaped: rays lanceolate, petal-like folded longitudinally upon itself, alternating with the petals, elevated along the center line, minutely lined (or furrowed) along the sides, yellowish, shiny (glossy). Without stamens. Two ovaries, glabrous below the center of the body. Fruit (follicle) 6-8" long, glabrous, smooth. Seeds copious. Note: (RDK). Under “petala” and the translation, T believe the apex turns under (reflexed) and the side margins of the corolla lobe are also rolled under (away from the central apical axis). This character is found in Hoy a acuta Haworth (as we now understand it) but the rolled edges are not broadened above the sinuses to the extent that they form conduplicate lobes. Both these areas can exhibit a bi-horned effect from the corolla ends or edges turning under. Hoya mindorensis Schlechter exhibits this characteristic conduplicate structure and the apices also turn under. I know of none of the Acanthostemma species that do this to the extent of forming horns or other projections. It was this “Petala,? description that made me realize that Miquel had evidently assumed Vahl was referring to the corona as ^conduplicate”, when in fact it is the corolla here referred to. Opposita 2. Sperlingia leaves opposite. Nummularia lacteci major in Rumph. Amb. 5 plate 470 1. 175 figure 1. Habitat in Eastern India. In the Herbarium of Christianiensis. Similar to the proceeding, differs: leaves opposite, petioles narrow, below convex, above keeled. In General System of Gardening, G, Don, 4:128 (1837) Note: The species described are S. verticillata = Hoya verticillata (Vahl) G. Don and S. opposita = Hoya opposita (Vahl) G. Don, as follows: Placed incorrectly in Acanthostemma. H. verticillata. Climbing, rooting; stems terete, glabrous; leaves 4 in whorl, petiolate, oblong, acuminate, acute, fleshy, glabrous, veinless; umbels pedunculate, copious; pedicels compressed, filiform; segments of the corolla triangular, acute at both ends, retusely sub-bicornulate outside, on the outer margin; with inflexed*, conduplicate 753 edges; corona a simple star, covering the genitals, having the lobes equal in length to the segments of the corolla, complicate, lanceolate, with an elevated line in the middle, and a corresponding furrow on the opposite side, yellowish, shinning; follicles 6-8 inches long, glabrous. A woody shrub. Native of the East Indies. Sperlingia verticillata Vahl, in act. soc. hist. hafn. 6. p. 113. Whorled-leaved Hoya. Shrub twining. H. opposita. A woody perennial. Native of the East Indies. Sperlingia opposita , Vahl 1. c. p. 114. Nummularia lactea major , Rumph. amb. 5. p. 470. 1. 1 75. f. 1. Very like H. verticillata; but differs, in opposite leaves, the narrower petioles, which are convex beneath, and concave above**; while, in that species, they are flattened and depressed, almost an inch long, succulent, and articulated at the base. Opposite-leaved Hoya, Shrub twining. * I believe the term should be reflexed (edges turned under at the sinus area). ** This implies the peduncle is grooved on the upper side. Vahl used the word caniculate meaning keeled not concave. It should be noted that nothing in the genus description indicates that these species are bilobed coronal species. There is no there any connection to the genus Acanthostemma Blume except for the citation of the Rumphian figure tab. 175 fig. 1 in Rumphius’ Herbarium Amb. of Nummularia lactea major . This drawing was placed into synonymy by Vahl with his Sperlingia opposita. This genus was published in the same year that Robert Brown published the Genus Hoya. Hoya, R. Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. 1. (1809) 26. There has been some question as to which genus has priority. D. J. Mebberley, Jupiter Botanicus (Robert Brown of the British Museum) 1985:168 writes “ The paper on Asclepiadaceae and the Prodromus were presented by the author to the Linnean Society on 3 April 1810, and the Prodromus was available to the general public on 7 April when it was advertised as for sale in boards at 18s, though Brown sent out at least one copy on 27 March. Brown paid the cost of printing the book, £93.14.4 Vid. and its advertisement in the Morning post and chronicle (12s.) and on the covers of the Botanical magazine and English botany (a guinea each). In March he had “delivered to Miles & Hunter formerly Johnson & Co. [i.e. Joseph Johnson who published works by Erasmus Darwin, Priestley and Cowper] St. Paul’s churchy” 20 copies. In May, Brown sent nine copies, to the Paris botanist - Jussieu, Rene Desfontaines (copy now at Kew), la Billardiere (copy, from Fielding’s library, now at Oxford), Correa, Louis Richard, Baron Ambroise Palisot de Beauvois, Aime Bonpland, Louis du Petit-Thouars and Leschenault. Besides the Linnean copy, he gave away others to Banks, to whom it dedicated, Dryander, Smith, Turner, Lambert, Dickson, Aiton, Ferdinand and Franz Bauer, Konig, MacLeay, Caley, Law of Edinburgh, Jamenson and Trinity College, Dublin”. Discussion (RDK) of G. Don’s works above re these two species of Vahl’s: His descriptions differ from Vahf s in the following: Since his work was published in 1837, 1 assume he was either writing from Vahl’s description or possibly from seeing the Herbarium material. I doubt the latter since the sheets of Sperlingia show leaf venation 754 vividly, even though the fresh material of VahFs did not reveal veins. See copies of the sheets following. For Sperlingia verticil lata: “corolla triangular, acute at both ends,” What he is referring to are the corolla lobes with the edges and the apex folded (rolled) under to form a triangle. “corona a simple star, covering the genitals, having the lobes equal in length to the segments of the corolla” nothing in Vahfs description says the lobes are equal in length to the corolla segments; in fact the coronal lobes actually exceed the corolla sinuses if this is his reference. Corolla lobes are less than 0.20 cm.. Whereas the corona lobes "segments" are 0.30 cm. long “corresponding furrow on the opposite side” again Vahl did not mention this although in this case, from my Photo observations, this is true. Vahl mentions "minutely lined along the sides" (silicate); this is a key taxonomic character not present on all hoya species. G. Don did not mention it. For Sperlingia opposita: The petiole “which are convex beneath, and concave above;” Vahl says convex beneath above keeled, not concave above. Actually the leaf petioles of Sperlingia verticillata is grooved above (concave) and S. opposita leaf is not grooved on the attachment side. Interesting side notation in correspondence with Dr. J. F. Veldkamp: Dr. Bertel Hansen of Copenhagen sent me a translation of Vahl’s discussion on the derivation to Sperlingia, which 1 enclose here. In a later, letter he noted that the two specimens Vahl had were collected by a missionary called Floer. The Index Herbariorum, Index to Collectors 2, notes a Peter Johan Flohr, who collected in Tranquehar (East coast of the Deccan Peninsula, S. India) between 1760—1777. His specimens are in C, so he must be the same man. This means that the specimens are originally Indian, and their identity must be sought among Indian species, about which much more below. The Danes had a number of missionaries collecting plants there, better known ones were Koenig, Klein, and Rottler. He is still tracing the original publication date of VahPs paper. It must have been ‘some date in 1810. 755 1 ■* bLufttuah H ■■Cir'iFr.'u m 1-jnvnl Spectmlrta orlglneJlft + !■ Prrtuji^ M. VAHL Copy of the Type sheet cover for Vahl’s Sperlingia verticillata. Vahl in: Skr. Naturhist. Selsk. 6:113 (1804) 1810. Housed at the Danish Herbarium at Copenhagen (C). 756 Sheet of Sperlingia verticillata Vahl, #72 II. 6-2. Annotated by R. v. Donkelaar March 1996 as Hoya parasitica (Roxb.) Wall, ex Trail. Note 4 leaves from closely packed nodes (2). Vahl toyed with the name “tetraphylla” then chose “verticillata”, meaning whorled. 757 J I fit) Another sheet of Sperlingia verticillata Vahl. #72 III. 6-2. Again with 2 pairs of leaves from closely packed node (2). This sheet not here annotated. Note the leaf 758 venation on both these sheets and compare with that of H. pallida Lindley ( Hoya parasitica). Scanned leaf actual size from Sperlingia verticillata Vahl. Note the reticulate venation, a long petiole with a groove on upper side. Apex of leaf here missing, (others short, tapered, acute). This leaf measures 7.5 cm. long and in the middle 3.1 cm. wide with a slight edge rolled under. Petiole is 1.5 cm. long; grooved on the upper side where there is a leaf gland at the attachment on the upper side. Photomicrographs from a Type flower and data follow: Photo of the dried flower enlarged about 8X. Pedicel: terete, filiform 1.65 cm. long and 0.04 cm. in diameter, glabrous, yellow, curved. Corolla upper surface densely pubescent. Coronal lobes exceed the corolla sinuses. Note the distinct keeled dorsal surface of the coronal scales. Bottom view of the same flower enlarged about 8X. Calyx is small broadly triangular with a rounded apex and a few cilia. Acute coronal lobes project beyond the coronal sinus. Corolla underside is glabrous but granulose. Note the conduplicate (ears) on the coronal sinus area. Sepals do not reach the corolla sinuses. Outside surface of the calyx and pedicel enlarged about 8X. Sepals membranous, overlap is about 1/3, base broad apex rounded; do not come near the corolla sinuses. Calyx outside glabrous but punctate. Inside glabrous, waxy appearing. Center - apex 0.14 cm. 759 Inside view of the calyx enlarged about 8X. Note the shape of the sepals. Edges with an occasional cilia, ligules at the bases, small dark colored, swollen. Apex - base 0. 12 cm. Base 0.10 cm. wide. Corolla outside view enlarged about 8X. This surface is glabrous with deep cut lobes, lobes folding under ear-like near the sinuses. Center raised in a oval 0.14 cm. x 0.11 cm. adjacent area slightly sunken and thinner in texture. Although flattened here the lower right lobe shows the conduplicate nature of this corolla (wide at the sinus and reflexed). Inside view of the corolla enlarged about 8X. Inside is densely pubescent except for a small triangular apical area. Center is raised around a slightly sunken area which is thinner texture. Sinus - sinus Sinus - center Sinus - apex Apex - center 0.27 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.33 cm. 0.45 cm., flower flattened is 0.90 cm. in diameter. Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. One removed. The lower side is tightly channeled Scale outer apices are long drawn out tapering to a very acute apex. Short column in the center. 760 Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The inner lobes are raised and shortly spatulate and does not quite reach the center. Outer apex acute; dorsal is keeled from apex to apex. Anther wing very narrow. Center - apex 0.30 cm. Apex - apex 0.28 cm. Widest 0.12 cm. Anther wing- aw. 0.11 cm. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Scale is about horizontal with the inner spatulate lobe raised. I believe this scale has narrow side lobes since the apex seems to be emarginate but it is difficult to determine with certainty. EStylar crown enlarged about 32X. The crown is raised, narrow and with a small mealy capitate head, from a rather thin pentamerous base. Retinaculum enlarged about 165X. length 0.18 shoulder 0.10 waist 0.05 hips 0.06 extensions 0.05 mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. or maybe none. Translators length 0.05 mm. depth 0.04 mm. Pollinia enlarged about 165X. Remember this is from a plant probably mounted in 1804, so it is nearly 200 years old. Here it is a bit distorted but we can see there is a rather wide vacuole in from the pellucid edge and the pollinia is rather wide for its length, length 0.39 cm. widest 0.18 cm. I suppose the pollinia actually may measure slightly longer. All the measurements here are smaller than any of the Hoya acuta Haw. group, that I have grown or collected 761 and studied. Data on all pollinaria will be presented further on. The Pollinarium measurements fit no other known hoya species familiar to me. Now a presentation of VahTs Sperlingia opposita: 762 fittNiVi iii£ uri1 | uti ei I e i lh i (if Valil's Sperlhigin Ninel's. ] In1 I * ' V t Copy of the Type sheet cover for VahTs Sperlingia opposita Vahl in: Skr. Naturhist. Selsk. 6:114 (1804) 1810. Housed at the Danish Herbarium at Copenhagen (C). 763 Sheet of Sperlingia opposita Vahl, #72 II. 4-5. Annotated by R. v. Donkelaar March 1996 as Hoya parasitica (Roxb.) Wall, ex Trail. 764 Sperlingia opposita Vahl. Leaf from Holotype sheet, elliptic-lanceolate apex rostrate, base somewhat cuneate, petiole not grooved above, with basal gland, margins turned under slightly, venation pinnate anastomosing, typically 9.5 cm. long and 3.5 cm. at the widest near the center. Leaf shape and size very uniform. 7 side nerves netted and looping, midribs not prominent. Glabrous all over. Leaf actual size, top view, with short thick peduncle may be broken off. 0.8 cm. long. Ovate- lanceolate, apex acuminate. Petiole is not narrower than H. verticillata as G. Don stated. Photomicrographs and data Follow: Side view of the pedicel and calyx enlarged about 8X. Pedicel: terete, filiform, 1.65 cm. long x 0.04 cm. in diameter, glabrous, yellow, curved. Ovaries: domed 0.12 cm. tall. Calyx: broadly ovate with a few cilia, membranous; at base overlapped about 1/3 (0.05 cm.) length 0.15 cm., base 0.12 cm., dark ligules present. Flower folded enlarged about 8X. Coronal lobes extend from the sinuses of the corolla. Calyx does not hug the corolla. Lhis surface glabrous. 765 Outside surface of the corolla enlarged about 8X. Surface is glabrous and finely granulose, with a central collar 0.05 cm. tall. Corolla lobes are deeply cut. The sinus lobes are conduplicate. Inside surface of the corolla enlarged about 8X. This surface is puberulose. There is a central collar here also raised 0.05 cm. high. Sinus - sinus Sinus - center Sinus - apex Apex - center Flower diam. flattened Widest From the sinus to widest portion of coronal lobe is 0.15 0.18 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.90 cm. 0.27 cm. cm. and from there to the apex is Inside view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Corolla cut into five lobes very deeply cut (more than lA way). Coronal lobes exceed the sinuses of the corolla. Corolla is very wide just outwardly from the sinuses and curve under to form the conduplicate folds referred to by Vahl. Corona outer apex long tapered acute, keeled down the center, inner apex shortly spatulate; channeled below in toward the center, diagonally sulcate, narrow side lobes seem not to reach the apex. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Anther wing - aw. 0.25 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.13 cm. 766 Pollinarium enlarged about 165X. This is a short, wide pollinia. (A extraneous skin cell? membrane at the base) Retinaculum is turned a little on its side. The arrow below is 1 mm. long and the top lA mm. wide for comparison. Again as in Hoy a verticillata (Vahl) Don the pollinia is very wide and short, apex truncate, also a wide vacuole. Pollinia length widest Retinaculum length shoulder waist hip extensions Translator length width 0.43 mm. 0.16 mm. 0.15 mm. 0.10 mm. 0.05 mm. 0.07 mm. 0.05 mm. 0.07 mm. 0.02 mm. The retinaculum is very distinct here, translators are fiddle-form and the caudicles are barely visible, covering the end of the pollinia and to the left just visible and translucent. The retinaculum seems to have no differentiated dark extensions but the structure is there below. Shoulder, waist and hip areas clearly discernable. 767 Discussion: Are the two species the same or different ? If different do they constitute two species or one variable species ? The similarities are: leaves of similar venation, flowers upon drying both inflex and the acute apices of the corona project between the corolla sinuses. The pollinarium retinaculum are very close in size and shape and both have undeveloped extensions. There are numerous differences: Teaves of H. opposita are slightly larger, texture appears to be heavier, the apex is different shape and the pedicels are different. See chart below. The coronal inner surfaces are also different. Here are some of my findings: 1) Vahl’s two species (verticillata and opposita) are not identical. 2) Neither are H. parasitica. 3) Corona and corolla of S. verticillata are smaller than H. parasitica. 4) Coronal scales dorsal surface is keeled vs. concave. 5) Corolla inner surface is pubescent vs. glabrous (by all early accounts). 6) Leaves are much smaller 5-7.5 cm. x 3.1 cm. vs. 7.5 - 17. x 3.7-7.5 cm. 7) Leave nervation 5-7 pairs anastomosing netted vs. 3-5 tuplinerved. 8) Corolla conduplicate (rolled at the sinuses) vs. not conduplicate. 9) Calyx small broadly triangular vs. linear. 10) Pollinia shorter 0.39 mm vs. 0.48 mm. The keeled coronal scales are like some Philippine species but so far I can not find an Indian species from that area that match. (E. India nor Deccan Peninsula S. India). 768 Hoya opposita Hoya verticillata Foliage: 9.5 cm. x 3.5 cm. widest near the middle, texture thicker (nervation not as distinct), ovate- elliptic apex rostate, base narrower. Glabrous. Petiole: 1.5 cm. long Pedicle: terete, filiform 1.65 cm. long x 0.04 cm. in diameter, glabrous. Calyx: broad ovate 1/3 overlap at base 0.12 cm. x base 0.10 cm.; ligules present Corolla: outside finely granulose, inside puberulous with center collar. 7.5 cm. x 3.1 cm. widest near the middle, leaf edge sharp and rolled under slightly, ovate elliptic apex acute, midrib with 2 basal nerves, looping extending ±Vi way up leaf, 7 lateral pairs of looping, very netted nerves. Glabrous. 0.8 cm. long Same broadly ovate with a few cilia, membranous 1/3 overlap at base, 0.15 cm. long x base 0.12 cm., dark ligules present. outside granulose, inside densely pubescent with center collar. sinus - sinus 0.20 cm. sinus - center 0. 1 7 cm. sinus - apex 0.30 cm. apex - center 0.40 cm. widest 0.27 cm. Corona: apex - apex 0.25 cm. apex - center 0.30 cm. widest 0.12 cm. aw. - aw 0.13 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.1 1 cm. 0.27 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.33 cm. 0.45 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.28 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.11 cm. Pollinarium: Pollinia length 0.43 mm. 0.39 mm. widest 0.16 mm. 0.18 mm. Retinaculum length 0.15 mm. 0.18 mm. shoulder 0.10 mm. 0.10 mm. waist 0.05 mm. 0.05 mm. hip 0.07 mm. 0.06 mm. 769 Hoya acuta Haworth as H. parasitica # 34381 (BO) lb*i 1 liiwrL #1 iai 788 Hoya acuta Haworth as H. parasitica #2130 (BO) 789 Hoya acuta Haworth as H. parasitica # 38 (UPM) 790 Hoya acuta Haworth as H. parasitica # 432 (UPM) i ^ IllJlVil, p i iVl 1 T IH/illfSil'S fr^*t **-* >* ”*'■ 1 jik#* ^ M&Jtifk -jJ t>*4‘ ’Wf.ifn- UJ'*c ^ '■*'.** ,4m *4r > *-'■•■■ a,i<.# bra^Wi XVsJ f Ij_v4l l_ ..1 j, ^r'-4^ >,jK- &*. fa^^uwjrfttlr- 3**EJ9Ji 'JTW 791 Hoya acuta Haworth as H. parasitica #16346 ? (SING) 792 Hoya acuta Haworth as H. parasitica s.n. (SING) 793 Hoya acuta Haworth (as parasitica) 432 Kiew (UPM) ’ - *«H4*i* -T '-HI ■ 1 > JhJiB^il --f i — ^ -V ™* rtir-« • t • 4, j . ^ 3 *JG tSJO 794 Appendix I Hoya species Designated Holotypes: Species Holotype 1) acicularis T. Green 2002 Green 93031 (BISH) 2) acuta Haworth 1821 3) cal 1 istophy 1 1 a T. Green 2000 Green 201 (BISH) 4) cam panu lata Blume 1826 (1847) t. 54 5) caudata Hooker 1883 Maingay (Kew Dist. 1 128) 6) citrina Ridlev 1922 Kunstler 10316 7) coriacea Blume 1825 (1848) Tab, 187 8) curtisii K. & G. 1908 Curtis 2894 9) divers ifoli a Blume 1826 fig. 2 (Rumph. Herb. Amb.) 10) elliptica Hooker f. 1883 Kew Dist. 1137 11) endauensis Kiew 1989 Kiew RK2746 (UMP) 12) erythrina Rintz 1987 Rintz 1 1 7 (L) 13) erythrostemma Kerr 1939 Kolss 6909 14) excavate T. & B. 1863 T. & B. 68 15) finlaysonii Wight 1834 Wall. Ascl. 42 16) forbesii K. & G. 1903 Forbes 2896A (K) 17) fraterna Blume 1849 18) gildingii Klopp. 2001 Green 97009 (BISFI) 19) glabra Schlechter 1908 Schltr. 13458 (B) 20) imperial is Lindley 1846 t. 68 (Bot. Reg.) 21) kastbergii Kloppenburg 2003 102003 (UC) 22) kloppenburgii T. Green 2001 Green 97057 (BISH) 23) lacunosa Blume 1826 fig. 2 (Rumphia) 24) lambii T. Green 2000 Green 9925 (BISH) 25) lasiantha Blume ex Kothrals 1849 fig. XIV 26) latifolia G. Don 1838 Wall. Ascl. 138 27) maingayi 1883 Maingay 1136 (K) 28) meridithii T. Green 1989 Meridith 80-05 (BISH) 29) micrantha Hooker f. 1883 Griffith 3798 (K) 30) mitrata Kerr 1940 Kerr 13152 31) monetteae T. Green 2004 Green 007 (BISH) 32) multiflorq Blume 1923 (1825) Proft 22 33) nabawanensis K. & Wiberg 2002 2002 (UC) 34) nyhuusiae Kloppenburg 2003 Nyhuus 2003 (UC) 35) obtusifolia Wight 1834 Wall. Asclep. 38 36) occlusa Ridley 1912 37) parviflora Wight 1834 Wall. Asclep.33 38) perakensis Ridley 1910 Ridley (K) 39) phyllura Schwartz 1931 Winkler 339 40) plicata K. & G. 1908 Scortechini 323 795 41) polystachya Blume 1849 Blume fig. IX 42) pusilla Rintz 1978 Rintz 55 (L) 43) recurvula Kloppenburg 2000 Kloppenburg 81009 (UC) 44) revoluta Wight ex Hooker 1883 Wall. Cat. 8160b 45) ridleyi K. & G. 1903 Ridley 9476 46) scortechinii K. & G. 1903 Scortechini 464 47) sigillatis T. Green 2004 Green 91024 (BISH) 48) sipitangensis Klopp.& W. 2002 52002 (UC) 49) spartioides (Kuntz) Klopp. 2001 Rev. Gen PI. 2 50) walliana Klopp. & Nyhuus 2004 112003 (UC) 51) waymaniae Kloppenburg 1995 1 1 (UC) 52) wrayi K. & G. 1903 Wray 371(K) 796