Occasional Papers Museum of Texas Tech University Number 243 27 September 2005 Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective Lisa C. Bradley, BrianR. Amman, Joel G. Brant, L. RexMcAliley, Francisca Mendez-Harclerode, John R. Suchecki, Clyde Jones, Hugh H. G enow ays, Robert J. Baker, and Robert D. Bradley The mammalogy program at Texas Tech Uni¬ versity officially was established in 1962, when Rob¬ ert L. Packard joined the faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences. As the institution’s first mam- malogist, Packard took the initiative to develop a strong program of mammalian research and education. In¬ fluenced by the successful program built by his men¬ tor, E. Raymond Hall, at the University of Kansas, Packard modeled similar goals for Texas Tech Univer¬ sity. Those goals included a strong emphasis on both undergraduate and graduate education and research, with several mammalogy faculty members, and the establishment and growth of a large and active mam¬ mal collection. The success of the mammalogy program at Texas Tech University, over the course of its 43-year his¬ tory, is directly attributable to five primary factors: the development and growth of the Recent Mammal Col¬ lections of the Natural Science Research Laboratory (NSRL); the expertise and dedication of the diverse faculty and staff of the Department of Biological Sci¬ ences and the NSRL; the contribution of Research As¬ sociates and others who have worked cooperatively with the mammalogy faculty; the success of the gradu¬ ates of the program who continue to benefit the sci¬ ence of mammalogy with on-going research and edu¬ cation programs at universities, museums, state and federal agencies, and private-sector businesses around the world; and administrative support from Texas Tech University for the program, as well as financial sup¬ port from benefactors such as federal and state agen¬ cies, corporations, foundations, and private individu¬ als. Herein, we have organized our discussion of the history of mammalogy at Texas Tech University by those five categories. The Natural Science Research Laboratory and the Recent Mammal Collections Historical Perspective A key component of Texas Tech University’s mammalian research and education program has been the activities associated with the growth of its exten¬ sive mammal collection. In 1962, Packard established the collection with approximately 350 specimens that he brought to Texas Tech University from Stephen F. Austin State College, where Packard had been a fac¬ ulty member for three years. The collection, initially 2 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University housed on the second floor of the Science Building, was moved in 1970 to the basement of the Museum of Texas Tech University. However, there was an imme¬ diate need to establish appropriate facilities to house the mammal collection, along with the other natural history collections of the Museum. Thus, the Natural Science Research Laboratory was conceived, and the University dedicated the funds to build a wing onto the existing museum complex to house the NSRL. Ac¬ cording to Robert J. Baker, Director of the NSRL, the original drawing for the building floor plan was sketched on a napkin at his kitchen table during a meeting at¬ tended by Baker, Packard, Dilford C. Carter, and J Knox Jones, Jr. Initially, the Natural History Collections housed in the NSRL included mammals, birds, reptiles, am¬ phibians, fishes, invertebrates, and the paleontology collection. In 1979, the invertebrate collection was transferred to the Department of Plant and Soil Sci¬ ences and combined with that department’s entomol¬ ogy collection. In 1997, the entire invertebrate collec¬ tion was reaccessioned by the NSRL. This collection was augmented by approximately 40,000 specimens in 2001-2002 when the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service deposited their collection of confiscated specimens. In 1996, the paleontology collection received autonomy and became a separate division under the Museum umbrella, and was moved to the basement of the Mu¬ seum. Since that time, the NSRL has housed only Recent specimens. Although the early Natural History Collections of the NSRL were diverse, representing most phyla of the animal kingdom, the primary research focus of the NSRL always has been mammals. This reflects the collection-based mammalogical research focus of the faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences. In recent years, this emphasis had left the reptile, am¬ phibian, and fish collections underutilized at Texas Tech University. Similarly, the mammal and bird collections of the Texas Memorial Museum of the University of Texas at Austin were underutilized due to that museum’s strong focus on herpetological research. To make more effective use of these resources, ensure the collec¬ tions were properly curated, and to make specimens more readily available to scientists and students, Rob¬ ert J. Baker and Gary F. Edson, Director of the Mu¬ seum of Texas Tech University, and Ed C. Theriot, Director of the Texas Memorial Museum, agreed to an exchange of the NSRL’s reptile, amphibian, and fish collections with the Texas Memorial Museum’s bird and mammal collections. This exchange occurred in 2001. The collection acquired by the NSRL consisted of nearly 7,000 mammals, 1,700 birds, 800 clutches of eggs, and nearly 300 taxidermy mounts. The Texas Memorial Museum collection was primarily the result of work by noted Texas naturalist W. Frank Blair and his students, and the collection included many speci¬ mens of historical significance. As the NSRL mam¬ mal collection prior to the exchange had consisted pri¬ marily of recently collected material (1959 forward), the addition of the Texas Memorial Museum collection added a valuable historical component concerning the mammalian fauna of Texas. Although the trade re¬ duced the overall vertebrate diversity of the NSRL col¬ lection, this realignment of specimens with faculty strengths not only benefited both universities and im¬ proved the care of both collections, but it also served to strengthen the biodiversity programs that provide critical natural history information to society. A major event in the success of the NSRL pro¬ gram and the collections was the acquisition of Texas State Line Item funding, initiated in 1996, to develop and expand a biological database and to inventory mam¬ mals on state-owned properties. The successful fund¬ ing of this initiative was led by the efforts of Robert J. Baker; Gary F. Edson; Nick Parker, Leader of the Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; John M. Burns, Provost of Texas Tech University; and Donald R. Haragan, President of Texas Tech University. Sena¬ tor John T. Montford was instrumental in procuring funding through the state legislature for this initiative. Senator Montford later became Chancellor of Texas Tech University and remained supportive of the mam¬ malogy/bioinformatics program. The primary goals of the Line Item Funding were to conduct a biological inventory of state properties to provide an archived record of the mammalian biodiversity that was present in Texas at the turn of the 21 st century, and to develop an electronic database of Texas mammals that could be accessible to state biologists and those in leadership roles in the development of wildlife management and conservation policies. More than 20 students have been trained and more than 2,800 specimens have been collected as a result of the Line Item funding from the State of Texas. As of August 2005, more than 50 publications had been generated that utilized these specimens. Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective 3 The growth of the NSRL collections necessi¬ tated a complete remodeling of the NSRL building in 1997-1998. During those renovations, which were supported by a National Science Foundation grant, collection areas, office areas, and preparation areas were isolated from each other to maximize safety and efficiency and to minimize potential contamination problems. A new room, equipped to house up to 11 ultra-cold freezers, was designated for frozen tissues. Since those renovations were completed in 1998, the traditional mammal collection has grown by more than 25,000 specimens, and the collection of frozen tissues has exceeded the current capacity of the freezer room, necessitating the temporary housing of addi¬ tional ultra-colds in an adjacent room. The rapid growth of the mammal collections in the past seven years, and expectations for continued growth in the years to come, spurred the recent commitment of Texas Tech Uni¬ versity to construct a new wing of the NSRL building. The funds for this expansion generously were donated by the Ben E. Keith Company. The expansion will more than double the existing size of the NSRL facili¬ ties to accommodate the growing collections as well as provide additional space for research and teaching activities, student offices, and an expanded library. Ground breaking for the new wing occurred in April 2004, and construction was completed in June 2005. The Recent Mammal Collection Currently (August 2005), the Recent Mammal Collection contains more than 100,000 specimens and more than 220,000 samples of genetic materials. The collection is subdivided into three components: 1) the Traditional Mammal Collection (approximately 84,000 specimens) of skins, skulls, and skeletons; 2) the Fluid- preserved Collection (approximately 16,000 speci¬ mens), containing specimens preserved in alcohol; and, 3) the Genetic Resources Collection (more than 220,000 samples), which includes frozen tissues, tis¬ sues in lysis buffer, DNA and RNA samples, and blood samples. In our discussion below, we have combined the Traditional and Fluid-preserved Collections under one topic. Traditional and Fluid-preserved Collections .— Since its establishment in 1962, the mammal collec¬ tion at Texas Tech University has experienced a rapid growth rate, spurred by the active research programs of the mammalogy faculty and students. From 1962 to 1975, the collection grew from a few hundred speci¬ mens to more than 25,000 specimens. By 1988, the collection had doubled to 50,000 specimens; the NSRL marked this occasion with a public celebration of the official cataloging of the 50,000th specimen on 12 February 1988 (selected in recognition of Charles Darwin’s birthday). The mayor of Lubbock at the time, B.C. “Peck” McMinn, attended the celebration and proclaimed the day “Natural History Research Day.” Nine years later, on 12 February 1997, the NSRL held a similar celebration to mark the cataloging of its 75,000th mammal specimen. Six years later, the 100,000th NSRL mammal specimen was cataloged at a celebration on 20 June 2003, during the 83rd annual meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM), which was hosted by the mammalogists of Texas Tech University. The mammal collection currently is one of the fastest growing mammal collections affiliated with an academic institution. In 1997, the collection was the 13th largest in the country and the fifth largest collec¬ tion among academic institutions (Hafner et al. 1997). It is the largest and most actively utilized mammal col¬ lection in Texas. The current NSRL collection of over 100,000 mammal specimens includes 17 holotypes (Table 1) and contains representatives from 21 orders and 90 families of extant mammals (Wilson and Reeder 1993). At least 65 species recognized as endangered or threatened by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service are represented by specimens in the collection (USFWS 1999). The collection includes representa¬ tives from all continents, although the majority of the specimens are from the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Car¬ ibbean. Currently, biotic surveys being conducted in several Latin American countries, including Mexico, Honduras, Ecuador, and Paraguay, ensure additional growth from the Neotropics. The NSRL is committed to the continued growth of the collections by traditional methods of field col¬ lecting, both in the U.S. and abroad, and through less conventional methods, such as the acquisition of speci¬ mens through exchanges with other institutions, and cooperative agreements with state and federal fish and game agencies, state and federal health agencies, and other entities. An example of traditional fieldwork, with a modern-day twist, that has added a valuable 4 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Table 1.—Mammalian holotypes housed in the Natu¬ ral Science Research Laboratory, Texas Tech Univer¬ sity. *Specimen repatriated to Museo de Zoologia, Pontifica, Universidad Catolica, del Ecuador. Catalog# Holotype specimen TTU 9093 Glossophaga commissarisi bakeri TTU 9774 Tonatia saurophila bakeri TTU 12664 Uroderma bilobatum davisi TTU 19872 Geomys bursarius knoxjonesi TTU 19900 Chiroderma improvisum TTU 19902 Eptesicus guadeloupensis TTU 25893 Glossophaga soricina handleyi TTU 36169 Rhogeesa genowaysi TTU 36223 Glossophaga commissarisi hespera TTU 39120 Tonatia saurophila maresi TTU 44458 Cratogeomys castanops dalquesti TTU 59413 Sigmodon fulviventer dalquesti TTU 60269 Myotis evotis jonesorum TTU 81617 Peromyscus schmidlyi TTU 82790 Reithrodontomys bakeri TTU 85292* Lophostoma aequatorialis TTU 100000 Notiosorex cockrumi component to the NSRL collection is the research con¬ ducted since 1994 by Ronald K. Chesser, Robert J. Baker, and associates in Chomobyl, Ukraine, at the site of the 1986 Chornobyl Nuclear Reactor IV melt¬ down. The NSRL now houses a collection of 1,850 radioactively contaminated mammal specimens col¬ lected during that research. To our knowledge, the Chomobyl Radioactive Vertebrate Collection is the only such collection. The collection contains traditionally prepared specimens as well as tissue and blood samples. This collection is housed in a dedicated Radioactive Collection room in the NSRL. At least 30 publications have resulted from this research and document the importance of such collections (see biographies of Baker and Chesser for citations). Other examples of recent and on-going research that have contributed to the growth of the collections include zoonoses studies conducted in cooperation with several other universities and various federal and state agencies, such as the Centers for Disease Control, Texas Department of Public Health, California Depart¬ ment of Health, and the U.S. Army. These research opportunities have contributed significantly (over 4,000 specimens during the last six years) to the growth of both the Traditional and the Genetic Resources Col¬ lections. Genetic Resources Collection .— In 1967, the NSRL was among the first academic institutions to establish a “frozen tissues” collection, which is now standard for most natural history museums. For many years, the traditional protocol was to preserve samples of liver, heart, kidney, and muscle tissues. In the late 1990s, the curators of the NSRL expanded the idea of “standard tissues” to include lung and spleen tissues, as well as blood samples. Further, as the value of archived materials for molecular research has grown, the NSRL collection has expanded to include other forms of archived materials, including nobuto strips with dried blood, tissues archived in lysis buffer, tis¬ sues archived in ethanol, and DNA and RNA samples. To reflect the changing nature of this collection, it is now known as the Genetic Resources Collection. Texas Tech University is recognized nationally for this collection, and many museums have based the devel¬ opment of their collections on the model established by Texas Tech University. In 1989, the Genetic Resources Collection of the NSRL consisted of approximately 25,000 samples from 10,000 specimens. Currently, the collection houses more than 220,000 samples from more than 65,000 specimens and 900 species, making it one of the larg¬ est such collections in the world. Recognizing that access to voucher specimens can be crucial for future verification of source material, the NSRL has made efforts to assure that the vast majority of the voucher specimens from which genetic materials are obtained are housed at the NSRL. Since 1999, the NSRL has made an average of 85 loans per year from this collec¬ tion, and the rate of loans continues to increase. Fur¬ ther, the significance of this collection will continue to increase as technological advances in molecular biol¬ ogy allow for more refined studies (e.g., systematic, genetic, forensic, ecotoxilogical, and epidemiological) of the biology of the voucher specimens. Publication Series The NSRL produces three scientific publications: Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University (established 1972), Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University (established 1972), and Museology (established 1975). These publications were initiated through the efforts of J Knox Jones, Jr., while Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective 5 he was serving as Director of Academic Publications. Occasional Papers are short to moderate length scien¬ tific papers; Special Publications are book-length sci¬ entific publications; and Museology includes works related to the care and management of museum col¬ lections. As of August 2005, these three periodicals totaled 299 publications, 242 of which are Occasional Papers , 47 are Special Publications , and the remain¬ ing 10 are Museology. In recent years, the publication rate has grown as a result of the productive research programs of the NSRL staff and associates. For ex¬ ample, the number of Occasional Papers published from 1997 through August 2005 was triple the num¬ ber published during the previous eight years. Collection Management Enhancements While maintaining a strong commitment to tradi¬ tional field methods and conventional research, the mammalogists at Texas Tech University have been active in developing and implementing advances in tech¬ nology to improve the care and curation of the Recent Mammal Collections. In recent years, a primary fo¬ cus of Robert J. Baker, as Director of the NSRL, has been the development and implementation of cutting- edge technologies to meet the current and future de¬ mands of professional mammalogists. Changes imple¬ mented at the NSRL in recent years include: the com¬ puterization of each collection in a searchable data¬ base; the implementation of a bar-code system that allows for quick identification and cataloging of samples; the electronic capture of data in the field; and the assignment of global positioning data to precisely determine collection localities for all specimens. Since 1998, the NSRL staff and associates have published at least seven papers directly related to informatics and the use of technology in the life sciences, data man¬ agement, and systematic collections (Allen et al. 2001; Baker et al. 1998; King et al. 2000; Knyazhnitskiy et al. 2000; Monk 1998; Monk and Baker 2001; Parker et al. 1998). In 2001, Texas Tech University was one of 17 North American institutions to commit to the MaNIS project. MaNIS is an acronym for Mammal Networked Information System. With support from the National Science Foundation, these institutions are developing a network of distributed databases of mammal speci¬ men data. The objectives of MaNIS are to: facilitate open access to combined specimen data from a web browser; enhance the value of specimen collections; conserve curatorial resources; and use a design para¬ digm that can be easily adopted by other disciplines with similar needs (Wieczorek 2001). Texas Tech Uni¬ versity and the NSRL are excited about this opportu¬ nity for natural history museums to come together to build and support a biodiversity informatics infrastruc¬ ture in an open, collaborative manner. Faculty and Staff of the Department of Biological Sciences and NSRL As the first mammalogist at Texas Tech Univer¬ sity, one of Packard’s first goals for the program was to recruit additional mammalogists in an effort to build a productive program of research and education. Packard began by recruiting Robert J. Baker, who joined the Texas Tech University faculty in 1967. This began a continued trend of growth and expansion as additional mammalogists joined the faculty of the De¬ partment of Biological Sciences and later the staff of the Natural Science Research Laboratory. Typically, new faculty members were sought out and recruited by existing faculty. For example, Baker nominated and recruited J Knox Jones, Jr., who came to Tech in 1971 as Dean of the Graduate School and Professor of Biological Sciences. In the same year, J Knox Jones, Jr., brought in Dilford C. Carter from Texas A&M as Associate Dean of the Graduate School and Professor of Biology. Jones also was largely responsible for the appointment of Hugh H. Genoways in 1972 as the first Curator of Mammals for the NSRL, and for bringing Clyde Jones into the program in 1982 as Director of the Museum and Chairman of the Museum Science Department. Robert J. Baker, J Knox Jones, Jr., and Clyde Jones also played various roles in the appoint¬ ments of Ronald K. Chesser, Michael R. Willig, Robert D. Owen, Robert D. Bradley, and David J. Schmidly. Texas Tech University has been fortunate to have other quality researchers join the mammalogy faculty, in¬ cluding Carleton J. Phillips when he was hired as Chair¬ man of the Department of Biological Sciences in 1998. Most recently, Jorge Salazar-Bravo joined the Biologi¬ cal Sciences faculty in 2003. 6 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University The mammalogists of Texas Tech University have been active in describing new species and subspecies of mammals in the scientific literature. Robert L. Packard, Robert J. Baker, J Knox Jones, Jr., Hugh H. Genoways, and Robert D. Bradley have described more than 60 taxa of Recent mammals. Since 2002, five new species-level taxa of Recent mammals have been described by Baker, Bradley, and associates (Baker et al. 2002, 2003, 2004; Bradley et al. 2004a, 2004b). The description of new mammalian taxa inevitably will continue as further research is conducted utilizing the NSRL Genetic Resources Collection, employing mo¬ lecular methods and the application of the genetic spe¬ cies concept (Bradley and Baker 2001). Following are brief biographies of key personnel who have contributed substantially to the science of Robert L. Packard (1962-1979) Robert L. Packard was born in 1928 in Lincoln, Nebraska. He obtained his B.S. from the University of Nebraska in 1951 with a double major in Botany and Zoology. After two years of service in the U.S. Army as an officer in the ordinance corps, Packard attended graduate school at the University of Kansas where he received his M.A. in 1955 under Rollin H. Baker. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Kansas un¬ der the guidance ofE. Raymond Hall in 1960. Packard was an Assistant Professor of Biology at Stephen F. Austin State College for three academic years (1959-1962). In 1962, Packard took a position in the Department of Biological Sciences at Texas Tech University (then known as Texas Technological Col¬ lege) as the university’s first mammalogist. While at Texas Tech University he held the positions of Assis¬ tant Professor (1962-1965), Associate Professor (1965-1967), and Professor of Biology (1967-1979). Packard also served as Assistant Dean of the Graduate School (1967-1968), Coordinator of Research for the Museum (1971-1975), Curator of Mammals (1962- 1971), and Director of the Junction Center Campus (1975-1979). He served as president of the South¬ western Association of Naturalists (1972-1973) and as chair of the Local Committee for the annual meet¬ ing of the American Society of Mammalogists held at Texas Tech University in June 1976. Throughout his mammalogy and to the growth of the mammal collec¬ tions at Texas Tech University. Most of these indi¬ viduals are traditional mammalogists, whereas others specialize in fields other than mammalogy, but have contributed significantly to mammalian education and research at Texas Tech University. Most of the indi¬ viduals profiled below have served on the faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences. Many have served as Curators, Collections Managers, and/or Re¬ search Associates of the NSRL. The publication records of these individuals total more than 1,900 pa¬ pers and at least 50 books. Biographical accounts are presented in order of arrival at Texas Tech University with the dates of service provided in parentheses. career in the biological sciences Packard was active in publishing, beginning with his first manuscript in 1950 as an undergraduate ( Notes on the nesting of the black- crowned night heron at the Valentine National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska ) to his last, published in 1979 (. De¬ mographic patterns of small mammals: a possible use in impact assessment ). Packard published 61 papers during his career, with 40 of those occurring during his tenure at Tech. Packard described six taxa of Re¬ cent mammals: Baiomys musculus handleyi, Baiomys musculus pullus, Baiomys taylori canutus, Baiomys taylorifuliginatus, Ochrotomys nuttallifloridanus, and Ochrotomys nuttalli lisae. He is a co-author on the description of a fossil species, Baiomys intermedius (Packard and Alvarez 1965), and the renaming of a whale, Feresa occulta (Jones and Packard 1956). Packard was instrumental in developing the groundwork for the Texas Society of Mammalogists (TSM). This was one of his most cherished dreams, and Robert Baker notes that Packard first outlined his vision of a Texas mammal society to Baker during the ASM meetings in Long Beach, California, in June 1966. Packard’s vision included presentations by students, a lecture by an invited keynote speaker, and participa¬ tion by each of the mammalogy programs in Texas, with each institution reporting on research activities, grants, and each graduate student’s thesis or disserta- Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective 7 tion project. His primary agenda was to enhance the quality of mammalogy in the state by increasing com¬ munication between the various universities, programs, and individuals involved in mammalian research and education. Unfortunately, Packard never saw his plan for a Texas Society of Mammalogists come to fruition; on 8 April 1979, Packard passed away from colon can¬ cer. His passing might have been a death knell for the Texas mammal society, as well. However, many Texas mammalogists wanted to see Packard’s dream become a reality. On 20 November 1981, Arthur G. Cleveland, of Texas Wesleyan University, convened an organiza¬ tional meeting of the society at Texas Tech University’s Junction campus. Twenty-nine participants were in attendance at that meeting, with Arthur Cleveland and John C. Patton (then at Baylor University) serving as ad hoc presiding officers. The attendees appointed a committee of four - Robert E. Martin (University of Mary Hardin-Baylor), Frank W. Judd (Pan American University), Brian R. Chapman (Corpus Christi State University) and Arthur Cleveland - to prepare a con¬ stitution for the society. The first official meeting of the Texas Society of Mammalogists took place Febru¬ ary 19-21, 1983, with Robert J. Baker serving as the ad hoc presiding officer. The society has met annu¬ ally every year since 1983 at the Texas Tech Univer¬ sity Junction Campus. Texas is the only individual state in the U.S. with a scientific society devoted to mammalogy. In 1984, the Texas Society of Mam¬ malogists honored Robert L. Packard by establishing the Robert L. Packard Award for the best student pa¬ per in natural history research (the Packard Award was later designated for the Best Overall student paper). In 1985, Packard was recognized as part of the first Robert J. Baker (1967-present) Robert J. Baker was born in 1942 in Warren, Arkansas. Baker received his B.S. degree from Ar¬ kansas A&M College in 1963. In 1965, he obtained his M.S. degree from Oklahoma State University, com¬ pleting his work under Bryan P. Glass. Baker then attended the University of Arizona in Tucson where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1967 under the guidance of E. Lendell Cockrum. In addition. Baker spent the sum- class of Honorary Members of the Texas Society of Mammalogists. As of today, Packard is the only indi¬ vidual recognized posthumously. Packard was known as an excellent teacher both in the field and in the classroom. He was particularly committed to field biology, and to the introduction of undergraduate students to that experience. He was well known for his field trips, where graduate and un¬ dergraduate students, often non-biology majors, were encouraged to experience the hard work and satisfac¬ tion of conducting field research such as trapping ro¬ dents, especially kangaroo rats. Packard was recog¬ nized for his contributions to undergraduate education by several awards, including the Distinguished Teach¬ ing Award from Standard Oil of Indiana (1971), the Sigma Delta Chi Teaching Award (1972), and the Out¬ standing Undergraduate Teaching Award from Mortar Board (1974). In addition, the Southwestern Associa¬ tion of Naturalists honored Packard’s teaching skills with the establishment of the Robert L. Packard Out¬ standing Educator Award. Packard’s leadership included the direction of the first Ph.D. student in biological sciences to graduate from Texas Tech University; Herschel Garner’s dis¬ sertation, Population Dynamics, Reproduction, and Activities of the Kangaroo Rat, Dipodomys ordii, in Western Texas, was completed in August of 1970. In total, Packard directed 19 master’s students and eight Ph.D. students to completion while at Texas Tech Uni¬ versity, all of who conducted mammalian-based re¬ search (Table 2). A synopsis of Packard’s career and publication record is provided in Jones (1981) and Martin and Chapman (1984). mers of 1967 and 1968 in a postdoctoral position at M.D. Anderson Hospital in the lab of T. C. Hsu. In 1967, Packard recruited Baker to join the De¬ partment of Biological Sciences at Texas Tech Univer¬ sity as Assistant Professor. Baker was promoted to Associate Professor in 1971 and Professor in 1975. In 1979, Baker was named Paul W. Horn Professor, 8 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Table 2. Graduate students of Texas Tech University faculty associated with the Department of Biological Sciences and/or Natural Science Research Laboratory. An asterisk (*) indicates the thesis or dissertation re¬ search of the student had a mammalogy or systematic collections focus. Several students (no asterisk) received a non-thesis (NT) M.A. degree in Museum Science, but conducted mammalogical research independently; other students generated theses and dissertations in other zoological categories, but participated in mammal-related research projects. Major Advisor Student Name Degree Completed Year Completed Robert L. Packard * William B. Grabowski M.S. 1964 * Duane Ikenberry M.S. 1964 * Paul G. Desha M.S. 1964 * Herschel W. Garner M.S. 1965 * Robert B. Drotman M.S. 1967 * Frank Schitoskey, Jr. M.S. 1967 * David J. Schmidly M.S. 1968 * Daniel R. Womochel M.S. 1968 * Frank W. Judd M.S. 1968 * Robert C. McReynolds M.S. 1968 * Joyce W. Mize M.S. 1969 * Paul R. Ramsey M.S. 1969 * Jimmy D. Roberts M.S. 1969 * Brian R. Chapman M.S. 1970 * Gerald L. Johnson M.S. 1972 * Michael H. Droge M.S. 1976 * Peter V. August M.S. 1976 * Michael C. Krenz M.S. 1977 * Timothy L. Tandy M.S. 1978 * Herschel W. Gamer Ph.D. 1970 * Walter H. Conley Ph.D. 1971 * Robert W. Wiley Ph.D. 1972 * Graham C. Hickman Ph.D. 1974 * Robert E. Martin Ph.D. 1974 * Kenneth G. Matocha Ph.D. 1975 * James B. Montgomery Ph.D. 1979 * John W. Clarke Ph.D. 1979 Robert J. Baker * Dale Berry M.S. 1969 * Omer J. Reichman M.S. 1970 * William J. Bleier M.S. 1971 * Brent Lee Davis M.S. 1973 * Stephen L. Williams M.S. 1973 * Ira F.Greenbaum M.S. 1975 * John E. Comely M.S. 1975 * Margaret O’Connell M.S. 1975 * Edward Pembleton M.S. 1975 * John C. Patton M.S. 1976 * Rebecca A. Bass M.S. 1978 * Laurie Erickson M.S. 1979 * Anette Johnson M.S. 1979 * Paul Young M.S. 1979 * Karen McBee M.S. 1980 * Mike Arnold M.S. 1981 * Ben Koop M.S. 1982 Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective 9 Table 2 (cont.) Major Student Name Advisor Degree Completed Year Completed Robert J. Baker * Cora Clark MS. 1983 * Kimberlyn Nelson M.S. 1984 * Hae Kyung Lee M.S. 1985 * Albert Kumirai M.S. 1989 * Kevin L. Bowers M.S. 1992 Mary Maltbie M.S. 1992 * Shelly Witte M.S. 1993 Susan Carron M.S. 1995 * Sergio Tiranti M.S. 1996 * Ted W. Jolly (co-advised with R. D. Bradley) M.S. 1997 * April Bates M.A. 1997 Ellen Roots M.S. 1998 * Britney Hager M.A. 1998 * Cole Matson M.S. 1999 * Oleksiy Knyazhnytskyi (co-advised with R. R. Monk) M.A. 1999 * Nicole Lewis-Oritt M.S. 2000 * Reagan D. King M.A. 2000 * Amy Halter (co-advised with R.R. Monk) M.A. 2001 * Mark O’Neill M.S. 2001 * Emma Mae Pamela Dawson M.A. 2001 * Yelena Dunina M.S. 2003 * Mariko Kageyama (co-advised with R. R. Monk) M.S. 2003 * Rene Fonseca M.S. 2004 Holly Bjorum M.A. (NT) 2005 * Adam Brown M.S. In Progress * Peter Larsen M.S. In Progress Juan Pablo Carrera M.A. In Progress Tamara Enriquez M.A. In Progress * James Hoyt Bowers PhD. 1973 * Jerry W. Warner Ph.D. 1973 * V. Rick McDaniel Ph.D. 1973 * William J.Bleier Ph.D. 1975 * John W. Bickham Ph.D. 1976 * Ira F. Greenbaum Ph.D. 1978 * Terry L. Yates Ph.D. 1978 * Rodney L. Honeycutt Ph.D. 1981 * Margaret A. O’Connell Ph.D. 1981 * Mike Haiduk Ph.D. 1983 * Fred B. Stangl, Jr. Ph.D. 1984 * Mazin B. Qumsiyeh Ph.D. 1986 * Craig S. Hood Ph.D. 1986 * David C. Kerridge Ph.D. 1987 * Ronald A. Van Den Bussche Ph.D. 1989 * Meredith J. Hamilton Ph.D. 1989 * Alec Knight PhD. 1991 * Robert D. Bradley Ph.D. 1991 Calvin Porter PhD. 1992 * Jonathon L. Longmire Ph.D. 1993 *Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales Ph.D. 1994 * Cheryl A. Schmidt Ph.D. 1995 * James Andrew Dewoody (co-advised with R. K. Chesser) Ph.D. 1997 * Mary Maltbie Ph.D, 1997 10 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Table 2 (cont.) Major Advisor Student Name Degree Completed Year Completed Robert J. Baker * R. Richard Monk Ph.D. 1997 James Cathey PhD. 1997 * Burhan Ghariebeh Ph.D. 1997 * Kateryna Dmytrivna Makova (co-advised with R. K. Chesser) Ph.D. 1999 * Anton Nekrutenko Ph.D. 1999 * Kelly Allen (co-advised with N. C. Parker) Ph.D. 2000 * Brenda E. Rodgers Ph.D. 2000 * Jeffery K. Wickliffe Ph.D. 2002 * Federico Hoffmann Ph.D. 2002 * Deidre Parish Ph.D. 2003 Adam Fuller PhD. 2004 * Hugo Mantilla Ph.D. 2004 *Emma Dawson Ph.D. 2005 * Sergio Solari PhD. In Progress * Vicki Swier Ph.D. In Progress * Heather Meeks Ph.D. In Progress * Michelle Knapp Ph.D. In Progress Norma Salcedo Maurtua (co-advised with R. Strauss) Ph.D. In Progress J Knox Jones, Jr. * John C. Hafner M.S. 1976 Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales M.A. (NT) 1987 * Russel Pesaturo M.S. 1989 * Dallas Eugene Wilhelm Ph.D. 1977 * William D. Webster Ph.D. 1983 * Robert R. Hollander (co-advised with C. Jones) Ph.D. 1988 * Moira van Staaden (co-advised with R. K. Chesser) Ph.D. 1989 * Larry L. Choate (co-advised with C. Jones) Ph.D. 1991 * Richard W. Manning (co-advised with C. Jones) Ph.D. 1991 Dilford C. Carter * C. Stanley Rouk Ph.D. 1973 * Patricia Dolan Ph.D. 1982 Hugh H. Genoways Stephen L. Williams M.A. (NT) 1975 R. Laurie Robbins M.A. (NT) 1975 David K. Dean M.A. (NT) 1976 Robert C. Dowler M.A. (NT) 1976 Rene Laubach M.A. (NT) 1976 M. Houston McGaugh M.A. (NT) 1976 Michael L. Bishop M.A. (NT) 1977 Catherine H. Carter M.A. (NT) 1977 SaraE. W. Franken M.A. (NT) 1977 Thomas E. Herman M.A. (NT) 1977 David O. Lintz M.A. (NT) 1977 M. Elizabeth McGhee M.A. (NT) 1977 Eddie C. Rowland M.A. (NT) 1977 Michael J. Smolen M.A. (NT) 1977 Stephen T. Sousa M.A. (NT) 1977 Pierre Swanepoel M.A. (NT) 1977 Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective 11 Table 2 (cont.) Major Advisor Student Name Degree Completed Year Completed Stephen L. Williams Andrea Veatch M.A. (NT) 1993 Laura Branstetter M.A. (NT) 1994 Ron K. Chesser * David McCullough M.S. 1985 * Susan Noble MS. 1986 * Kevin Willis M.S. 1987 Janis Files M.S. 1987 Rebecca Meyers M.S. 1988 * Susan Winde M.S. 1989 * Eric Jordan M.S. In Progress * David McCullough Ph.D. 1991 * Moira Van Staaden (co-advised with J. K. Jones, Jr.) Ph.D. 1989 * Andrew Dewoody (co-advised with R. J. Baker) Ph.D. 1997 * Kateryna Makova (co-advised with R. J. Baker) Ph.D. 1999 Clyde Jones Stephen McDonald M.A. (NT) 1986 Pat Brown M.A. (NT) 1987 Mary Candee M.A. (NT) 1987 Tommy Eaton M.A. (NT) 1987 Brenda Cooke M.A. (NT) 1988 Nancy Hildreth M.A. 1988 Patsy Jackson M.A. (NT) 1988 Lorelei Mount M.A. 1988 Mark Murphy M.A. (NT) 1988 David Zuflacht M.A. (NT) 1993 * Dawn Kaufman (co-advised with M. R. Willig) M.S. 1994 Deidre Parish M.S. 1994 * Maryann Lynch M.S. 1995 * Kristie Jo Roberts M.S. 1998 * Robert R. Hollander (co-advised with J. K. Jones, Jr.) Ph.D. 1988 * Paisley S. Cato (co-advised with D. J. Schmidly) Ph.D. 1990 * Larry L. Choate (co-advised with J. K. Jones, Jr.) Ph.D. 1991 * Richard W. Manning (co-advised with J. K. Jones, Jr.) Ph.D. 1991 * Jim R. Goetze Ph.D. 1995 * Franklin D. Yancey, 11 Ph.D. 1996 Michael R. Willig * Randy Colbert M.S. 1986 Debbie Kyrouac (co-advised with J. C. Zak) M.S. 1988 Elizabeth Sandlin M.S. 1989 Debbie Bean M.S. 1990 Javier Alvarez M.S. 1991 * Dianne Hall M.S. 1992 David Herrmann (co-advised with R. W. Sites) M.S. 1992 John Cary M.S. 1992 Ozlen Konu (co-advised with D. L. Moorhead) M.S. 1992 * S. Kathleen Lyons M.S. 1994 * Dawn Kaufman (co-advised with C. Jones) M.S. 1994 Michele Secrest M.S. 1995 Alec B. Shaner M.S. 1995 12 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Table 2 (cont.) Major Advisor Student Name Degree Completed Year Completed * Richard N. Stevens M.S. 1996 Brian Croyle M.S. 1997 * Michael Cramer M.S. 1998 Carla G. Guthrie (co-advised with D. L. Moorhead) M.S. 1998 Donald A. Yee M.S. 1999 * Paulo Marcos Gorresen M.S. 2000 Kelly Johnson M.S. 2000 * Jeffrey Law M.S. In Progress * Joseph Felts M.S. In Progress * Brian Klingbeil M.S. In Progress * Lily Arias M.S. In Progress * Michael R. Gannon Ph.D. 1991 Gerardo R. Camilo Ph.D. 1992 Javier Alvarez Ph.D. 1997 Dianne L. Hall Ph.D. 1997 Stephen B. Cox Ph.D. 1999 Jeffery C. Roberts Ph.D. 2002 * Richard D. Stevens Ph.D. 2002 Chris P Bloch Ph.D. 2004 * Stephen Presley Ph.D. 2004 * Celia Lopez Gonzalez M.S. 1993 * Lorinda L. Sheeler-Gordon M.S. 1996 * Steven T. Mezik M.S. 1997 * Hu Wang M.S. 2001 * Alisa A. Abuzeiheh M.S. In Progress *Ty!a Holsomback M.S. In Progress * Celia Lopez Gonzalez Ph.D. 1998 * Carl W. Dick Ph.D. 2005 * Daniela Miotti Ph.D. In Progress * Noe de la Sancha Ph.D. In Progress * Charlene L. Mauk M.S 1996 * Sarah Hrachovy (co-advised with M. A. Houck) M.S 1997 * J. Jeffrey Root (co-advised with S. Demarais) M.S 1997 * Ted W. Jolley (co-advised with R. J. Baker) M.S 1997 * Lottie L. Peppers M.S 1998 * Stacy J. Mantooth M.S 1999 * Irene Tiemann-Boege M.S 1999 * Melinda Clary M.S 2000 * John R. Suchecki M.S. 2003 * Serena A. Reeder M.S. 2003 * Lisa K. Longhofer M.S. 2004 * B. Dnatd Baxter M.S. In Progress * Ryan Chambers M.S. In Progress * Nevin Durish M.S. In Progress * Cody W. Edwards Ph.D. 2000 * Darin S. Carroll Ph.D. 2002 * Brian Amman Ph.D. 2005 Michael R. Willig Robert D. Owen Robert D. Bradley Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: AHistorical Perspective 13 Table 2 (cont.) Major Advisor Student Name Degree Completed Year Completed Robert D. Bradley * Francisca Mendez-Harclerode Ph.D. 2005 * Michelle L. Haynie Ph.D. In Progress * John D. Hanson Ph.D. In Progress R. Richard Monk * Oleksiy Knyazhnytskyi (co-advised with R. J.Baker) M.A. 1999 * Hye Kyoung Kang M.A. 1999 * Susan E. Fishman-Armstrong M.A. 2000 * Amy S. Halter (co-advised with R. J. Baker) M.A. 2001 * J. Heath Garner M.A. 2002 * Mariko Kageyama (co-advised with R. J. Baker) M.A. 2003 * Jeongheui Lim M.A. 2003 David J. Schmidly * Christine Hice Ph.D. 2003 Carleton J. Phillips * Joel G Brant Ph.D. 2005 * Robert S. DeBaca PhD. In Progress Jorge Salazar-Bravo * Joseph Carmichael M.S. In Progress * Jonathan Dunnum Ph.D. In Progress the highest faculty position awarded at Texas Tech University. Baker also held the position of Associate Chairperson of Biological Sciences (1985-1986). Cur¬ rently, Baker is Horn Professor of Biology as well as Director of the NSRL and Curator of Mammals and Vital Tissues (Genetic Resources), positions he has held at the Museum since 1976. Baker has developed a broad interest in mamma¬ lian research, including chromosomal evolution, sys- tematics, zoogeography, and ecotoxicology. He has become an international leader in chromosomal research and its applicability to species concepts, diversity, spe- ciation, and systematics. Baker’s other research in¬ terests include genetic consequences of environmen¬ tal pollution, conservation genetics, cultivar identifica¬ tion, DNA zip codes, genome organization, in situ hy¬ bridization and chromosomal architecture, mobile DNA, molecular genetics, molecular systematics, contact zones between chromosomal races, speciation, and American leaf-nosed bats. Since 1994, Baker has ac¬ tively conducted research, with Ron Chesser and oth¬ ers, at the site of the Chornobyl Nuclear Reactor di¬ saster (Baker et al. 1996; Baker and Chesser 2000). Throughout his career Baker has been active in publishing, with more than 320 publications including five edited books and four obituaries. Baker has de¬ scribed 10 taxa of Recent mammals: Uroderma bilobatum davisi (Baker and McDaniel 1972), Chiroderma improvisum (Baker and Genoways 1976), Eptesicus guadeloupensis (Genoways and Baker 1975), Geomys bursarius knoxjonesi (Baker and Genoways 1975), Rhogeesa genowaysi (Baker 1984), Rhogeesa hussoni (Genoways and Baker 1996a), Carollia sowelli (Baker et al. 2002), Notiosorex cockrumi (Baker et al. 2003), Lophostoma aequatorialis (Baker et al. 2004), and Oryzomys andersoni (Brooks et al. 2004). Of the two described as subspecies, Geomys knoxjonesi is currently recognized as a distinct species (Baker et al. 1989) and Uroderma bilobatum davisi appears to be reproductively isolated from the remainder of Uroderma bilobatum (Hoffmann et al. 2003). Baker’s contribu¬ tions to research were acknowledged by the American 14 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Society of Mammalogists with the presentation of the C. Hart Merriam Award in 1980 and by the South¬ western Association of Naturalists with the presenta¬ tion of the Donald W. Tinkle Research Excellence Award in 1993. In 1990, Baker was recognized as a Fellow of the Texas Academy of Sciences. His ren¬ dering of long and dedicated service to the American Society of Mammalogists was recognized with the pre¬ sentation of the H.H.T. Jackson Award in 1994. Baker was granted Honorary Membership by the Texas So¬ ciety of Mammalogists in 1997 and by the American Society of Mammalogists in 2005. Also in 2005, Baker was presented with the Barbara Bowman Award from the Texas Genetics Society for the Texas Outstanding Geneticist. Baker has been involved intensely in the educa¬ tion of graduate students while at Tech. Baker has been recognized for his work with students, in the classroom as well as in the lab and in the field, by several awards, including the Joseph Grinnell Award for Excellence in Education in Mammalogy in 2000 from the American Society of Mammalogists, the first annual TTU Association of Biologists Award for Ex¬ cellence in Graduate Education in 2001, and the South- J Knox Jones, Jr. (1971-1992) J Knox Jones, Jr., was born in 1929 in Lincoln, Nebraska. He received his B.S. in Zoology from the University of Nebraska in 1951 and his Master’s de¬ gree in Zoology in 1953 from the University of Kansas under the direction of Rollin H. Baker. In 1953, Jones entered the U.S. Army and served on active duty in the United States, Korea, and Japan until 1955, and as a reservist until 1965. In 1955, Jones returned to the University of Kansas to pursue a Ph.D. under the di¬ rection ofE. Raymond Hall. Upon completing the Ph.D. in 1962, Jones was appointed Assistant Professor of Zoology and Assistant Curator of Mammals at the University of Kansas. He subsequently was promoted to Associate Professor and Associate Curator (1965- 1968), then Professor and Curator (1968-1971). Jones also served the Kansas Museum of Natural History as Assistant Director (1965-1967) and Associate Direc¬ tor (1967-1971). western Association of Naturalists Robert L. Packard Outstanding Educator Award in 2002. In 38 years at Texas Tech University, Baker has directed 41 Master’s students and 35 Ph.D. students to completion (Table 2). Currently, Baker has eleven graduate students (two M.S., two M.A., and seven Ph.D. candidates). Baker has been dedicated to supporting profes¬ sional organizations, including serving as Editor for General Notes (1972-1973), Editor for Feature Articles (1974-75), Journal Editor (1985-1987), and Manag¬ ing Editor of the Journal of Mammalogy (1982-1984, 1992-1993). Baker also served as editor of the Occa¬ sional Papers and Special Publications of the Mu¬ seum, Texas Tech University (1975-1984, 1992- present). He has served as President of the South¬ western Association of Naturalists (1981-1982), the Texas Tech University chapter of Sigma Xi (1989), the Texas Society of Mammalogists (1990-1991), the American Society of Mammalogists (1994-1996), and the Texas Genetics Society (2003). Recently, Baker was chair of the Local Committee for the 83rd annual meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists held at Texas Tech University in June 2003. In 1971, Jones was hired by Texas Tech Univer¬ sity as Dean of the Graduate School and Professor of Biological Sciences. In 1974, he was promoted to Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies, a role he maintained until 1984. In 1986, Jones was named Paul Whitfield Horn Professor of Biological Sciences and Museum Science. Jones served the Museum of Texas Tech University as Research Asso¬ ciate (1972-1984), Acting Director (1971-1972), and Curator (1984-1992). Jones also served Texas Tech University as Di¬ rector of Academic Publications (1971-1984), during which time he initiated the museum publications series Occasional Papers , Special Publications, and Museology. He served as editor for these series from 1984 until his death in 1992. Jones also served as Managing Editor for Evolution (1965-1966), Journal Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: AHistorical Perspective 15 of Mammalogy (1967-1973), and Texas Journal of Science (1985-1992), and Jones served as President of the American Society of Mammalogists (1972-1974) and the Texas Society of Mammalogists (1985-1986). Jones’ research interests, from his graduate years through his tenure at Texas Tech University, included the systematics, taxonomy, and distribution of mam¬ mals in the U.S. (particularly the Great Plains), Mexico, Centra] America, and the Caribbean Islands. Jones described five species and 28 subspecies of mammals (one species and nine subspecies during his tenure at Tech), including Feresa occulta (Jones and Packard 1956), Desmodus stocki (Jones 1958), Reithrodontomys spectabilis (Jones and Lawlor 1965), Reithrodontomys paradoxus (Jones and Genoways 1970), and Glossophaga mexicana (Webster and Jones 1980). Three mammals were named in Jones’ honor ( Geomys bursarius bioxjonesi , Onychomys torridus knoxjonesi, and Blarina brevicauda knoxjonesi). There are also six ectoparasites and one endoparasite species named for J Knox Jones, Jr. Among Jones’ most significant contributions to mammalogy was the Checklist of Mammals of North America North of Mexico, first published in 1973. Demand for that checklist was so great that it was necessary to reprint the publication. The checklist Dilford C. Carter (1971-1990) Dilford C. Carter was bom in 1930 in Abilene, Texas. Carter received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Southern Methodist University. He earned his Ph.D. from Texas A&M University in 1962 under the direc¬ tion of William B. “Doc” Davis. From 1962 to 1971, Carter was on the faculty of Texas A&M University and staff of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Sta¬ tion, and he also served as Curator of Mammals of the Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection. Carter came to Texas Tech University in 1971 as the Associate Dean of the Graduate School and served in that capacity until 1983. Carter also was Director of Texas Tech University Press (1976-1984), Editor of Academic Pub¬ lications (1972-1984), and Director ofPrinTech (1985- 1990). soon became a series, and seven editions of the Re¬ vised Checklist of Mammals of North America North of Mexico (1975, 1979, 1982, 1986, 1992, 1997,2003) have now been published. Jones was the recipient of numerous awards from the various societies he served, including the C. Hart Merriam Award (American Society of Mammalogists, 1977), Hartley H. T. Jackson Award (American Soci¬ ety of Mammalogists, 1983), Texas Scientist of the Year (Texas Academy of Science, 1992), Donald W. Tinkle Research Excellence Award (Southwestern As¬ sociation of Naturalists, 1992), and Honorary Mem¬ bership (American Society of Mammalogists, 1992; Texas Society of Mammalogists, 1992). A prolific writer, he published 376 works including 15 authored or edited books. While at Tech, Jones directed three Master’s and six Ph.D. students (Table 2). Jones passed away 15 November 1992 while still on the faculty at Texas Tech University. Before his death, he established the J Knox Jones, Jr. Memorial Scholarship to be awarded annually to graduate stu¬ dents at Texas Tech University that have demonstrated excellence in mammal-based research. Additional bio¬ graphical information regarding J Knox Jones, Jr., is available in Genoways and Baker (1996b) and Findley etal. (1996). Carter’s colleagues and peers often refer to him as the world expert on molossid bats. He specialized in collecting bats and other mammals in the American tropics. Carter was strongly committed to fieldwork and to introducing students to field biology. He led many field trips to Mexico that were taught as Mu¬ seum Science courses. Two significant accomplish¬ ments while at Texas Tech University were receiving (with J Knox Jones, Jr.) a Smithsonian Foreign Cur¬ rency Grant for studying mammals in Croatia, and his publication, along with his Ph.D. student Patricia Dolan, of the Catalogue of Type Specimens of Neotropical Bats in Selected European Museums (Carter and Dolan 1978). Carter also served as editor, along with Baker and J Knox Jones, Jr., of the three-part series, Biol - 16 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University ogy °f B ais °f the New World Family Phyllostomatidae (Baker et al. 1976, 1977, 1979). Carter described at least five mammalian taxa, including Vampyrops nigellus (Gardner and Carter 1972), Vampyrops brachycephalus (Rouk and Carter 1972), and Tonatia silvicola occidentalism Tonatia silvicola centralis , and Tonatia Hugh H. Genoways (1972-1976) Hugh H. Genoways was born in 1940 in Scottsbluff, Nebraska. He obtained a B.S. in Biology from Hastings College in 1963. In 1971, Genoways obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Kansas. He was directed in his doctoral studies first by E. Raymond Hall and then by J Knox Jones, Jr. In 1972, Genoways became Curator of Mam¬ mals at the Museum of Texas Tech University. He subsequently became an Adjunct Assistant Professor for both the Department of Biological Sciences and the School of Medicine from 1973 to 1976, and served as the Acting Coordinator of Research for the Mu¬ seum in 1975-1976. Genoways also was active in the establishment of the Museum Science Program at Texas Tech University, becoming a Lecturer in 1974. Genoways supervised 16 master’s students in the Museum Science Program (Table 2) during his five- year association with Texas Tech University. Genoways has been a Research Associate of the NSRL since 1999. Genoways’ research interests include the sys- tematics, biogeography, and ecology of New World mammals, especially rodents and bats. He has de¬ scribed one genus, eight species, and 12 subspecies of mammals, including Reithrodontomys paradoxus (Jones and Genoways 1970), Liomys spectabilis (Genoways 1971), Ancenycteris rasmusseni (Sutton Stephen L. Williams (1975-1976,1990-1995) Stephen L. Williams was born in 1948 in Mid¬ land, Texas. He attended Texas Tech University, and in 1970 he obtained his B.S. in Zoology with a minor in Geology. In 1973 he received a M.S. in Zoology with a minor in Botany under the guidance of Robert evotis (Davis and Carter 1978). Carter directed two Ph.D. students of mammalogy while at Tech (Table 2). Carter retired from Texas Tech University in 1990 and currently is involved in private business enterprises in Lubbock. and Genoways 1974), Eptesicus guadeloupensis (Genoways and Baker 1975), Chiroderma improvisum (Baker and Genoways 1976), Tonatia schulzi (Genoways and Williams 1980), Molossops neglectus (Williams and Genoways 1980), and Rhogeesa hussoni (Genoways and Baker 1996a). Genoways has published 228 scientific papers and has authored or edited 14 books. Genoways was managing editor of the Journal of Mammalogy from 1974 to 1978, and was editor of Museology for Texas Tech University from 1975 to 1976. He served as President of the American Society of Mammalogists (1984-1986) and the Southwestern Association of Naturalists (1984-1985). In 1987, Genoways received the C. Hart Merriam Award from the American Soci¬ ety of Mammalogists, and he was named an Honorary Member of the society in 2002. In 2004, Genoways received the H. H. T. Jackson Award of the American Society of Mammalogists in recognition of his out¬ standing service to the society. In 1976, Genoways was hired as Curator of Mammals at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. In 1986, he became Director of the University of Ne¬ braska State Museum, and served in that position until 1994. Currently, he is the Chair of the Museum Stud¬ ies Program and Professor of Museum Studies at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. J. Baker. He received a M.A. two years later in Mu¬ seum Science under the direction of Hugh H. Genoways. Upon his graduation in 1975, Williams became the Collection Data Analyst at the Museum of Texas Tech University. In 1976, Williams became Col- Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective 17 lection Manager of the Section of Mammals, Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, Pennsylva¬ nia. He served in that position until 1990, when he returned to Texas Tech University as Collections Man¬ ager and Adjunct Professor of Museum Sciences. He chaired the graduate committees of two Master of Arts students while at Texas Tech (Table 2). Williams left Texas Tech University in 1995 to pursue his current position as Assistant Professor of Museum Studies at Baylor University. Williams re¬ ceived his Ph.D. in Conservation in October 1999 from Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden. Williams is active in several professional organizations and served as President of the Society for the Preservation of Ronald K. Chesser (1981-1989, 2001-Present) Ronald K. Chesser was bom in 1951 in Carnegie, Oklahoma. He graduated with a B.S. from the Univer¬ sity of Oklahoma in 1973. In 1976 he completed a M.S. degree at Memphis State University under the direction of Michael Harvey. He obtained his Ph.D. under the direction of Gary D. Schnell at the Univer¬ sity of Oklahoma in 1981. Chesser came to Texas Tech University as an Assistant Professor in the De¬ partment of Biological Sciences in 1981. While at Texas Tech, Chesser contributed substantially to the Museum Science program, especially in database management and computerization of the collection. In 1987, he was promoted to Associate Professor. In 1989, Chesser accepted a position at the Savannah River Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Chesser served that institution in several different capacities until 2001, when he returned to Texas Tech University as Profes¬ sor to head a biological informatics initiative in the De¬ partment of Biological Sciences. Clyde Jones (1982-present) Clyde Jones was born in 1935 in Scottsbluff, Nebraska. After graduating from Hastings College with a B.A. (1957), he entered graduate school at the Uni¬ versity of New Mexico under the direction of James S. Findley. He received both his M.S. (1960) and Ph.D. Natural History Collections (1990-1992). He has ex¬ tensive field experience in the United States, Mexico, and Suriname, as well as many other international lo¬ calities. Williams has described six mammalian taxa: Molossops neglectus (Williams and Genoways 1980), Tonatia schulzi (Genoways and Williams 1980), Geomys personatus davisi (Williams and Genoways 1981 ), Aselliscus tricuspidatus koopmani (Schlitter et al. 1983), and Tonatia saurophila bakeri and Tonatia saurophila maresi (Williams et al. 1995). Williams has more than 130 publications, including three books, in mammalogy and museology; his publications are ex¬ emplary in exploring methods and procedures to im¬ prove care of mammal collections. Much of Chesser’s research has focused on spa¬ tial and temporal dynamics of nuclear and organelle genes. He also has been interested in detailing the be¬ havioral ecology of organisms and the influence of behaviors on the mode and tempo of evolution within and among populations through the use of theoretical models. In addition, Chesser’s research includes the effect of radiation and other chemical hazards at Chornobyl, Ukraine, and in other regions of the world. His recent publications documenting the internal and external dose of native mammals at Chornobyl (Chesser et al. 2001) and recreating the radioactive plumes at Chornobyl (Chesser et al. 2004) are landmark works relevant to basic biological science and national strate¬ gic planning for nuclear power plant accidents and terrorism. While at Tech, he has supervised six mas¬ ters and four doctoral students and currently he has one M.S. student (Table 2). He also has directed five postdoctoral students. Chesser has published more than 120 papers and one book. (1964) degrees from this institution with his research centering on the microtine rodents and bat populations of the Mogollon Mountains of New Mexico. In 1965, Jones began teaching as an Assistant Professor at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. His major 18 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University research interests while at Tulane included the distri¬ bution of bats in southern Louisiana and the bats, ro¬ dents, and primates of Rio Muni, West Africa. His publications regarding the primates of Rio Muni, West Africa (Jones and Riopelle 1973, 1974) are considered classic. Jones was Chief of the Mammal Section of the Bird and Mammal Laboratory at the National Museum of Natural History from 1970 to 1973. He was Direc¬ tor of the National Fish and Wildlife Research Labora¬ tory, National Museum of Natural History, from 1973 to 1979. He then served as Director of the Denver Wildlife Research Center in Denver, Colorado, from 1979 to 1982. As a result of a reorganization of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1982, Jones was offered an administrative position in Washington, D.C. Rather than accept that position, Jones preferred to continue his field-based research, and he decided to accept the position of Director of the Museum of Texas Tech University. Jones served as Director of the Museum until 1985, and served as Chairman of the Museum Science Department until 1987. Since 1987, Jones has served as Professor in the Department of Biology and as Curator of the NSRL. Jones also was Associ¬ ate Chair of the Department of Biological Sciences from 1987 to 2002. In 1999, Jones was awarded Texas Tech University’s highest faculty award, the Paul Whitfield Horn Professorship. Other awards presented to Jones Michael R. Willig (1983-Present) Michael R. Willig was born in 1952 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in 1974 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology. He received a Ph.D. in Biology in 1981 from the University of Pittsburgh under the direction of Michael A. Mares. Willig began his career at Texas Tech University in 1983 as an Assistant Professor and was promoted to Professor of Biology in 1993. He was Chairman of the Department of Biological Sciences from 1995 to while at Texas Tech University include the Award of Excellence (Texas Tech University Press, 1993), Out¬ standing Researcher (Texas Tech University, 1995), the Hartley H.T. Jackson Award (American Society of Mammalogists, 1997), and Honorary Membership (Texas Society of Mammalogists, 1995; American Society of Mammalogists, 2003). In 2003, the Texas Society of Mammalogists honored Jones by establish¬ ing a new student award, for Best Poster Presenta¬ tion, as the Clyde Jones Award. Jones served as President of Texas Society of Mammalogists (1987-1988), Managing Editor for the Journal of Mammalogy (1984-1990), and in various other capacities for the American Society of Mam¬ malogists, Texas Society of Mammalogists, Chihuahuan Desert Research Institute, and the Bio¬ logical Society of Washington. Jones’ research interests while at Tech include the taxonomy, systematics, distribution, ecology, and biogeography of Recent mammals, particularly in the Chihuahuan Desert. Jones has published over 180 scientific papers including five books. Jones described one mammalian subspecies, Myotis fortidens sonoriensis, and elevated Myotis lucifugus occultus to a species (Findley and Jones 1967). He has directed 14 master’s students and six doctoral students to completion while at Texas Tech University (Table 2). Jones retired from teaching in 2003, but as Professor Emeritus he remains active in research in the Depart¬ ment of Biological Sciences and the NSRL. 1997, and Director of the Institute for Environmental Studies from 1994 to 1996. Willig has served in a number of editorial capacities including: Associate Edi¬ tor for the Journal of Mammalogy (1991-1994), As¬ sociate Editor for Special Publications of the Ameri¬ can Society of Mammalogists (1999-2001), Associate Editor for Frontiers in Ecology (2002-2004), Associ¬ ate Editor for Mastozoologia Neotropical (1993- present), and Editorial Board member for Biological Conservation (2003-present). Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective 19 While at Tech Willig has served as major advisor to 24 masters and nine doctoral students (Table 2), and he has directed 11 post-doctoral associates. Willig has published 134 manuscripts and four books. He has extensive field research experience in Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Brazil. His research interests include quantitative approaches to ecological, biogeo¬ graphic, and systematic questions based on manipula¬ tive and observational experiments or modeling exer¬ cises. He has a broad taxonomic interest, including several invertebrate groups, but his main mammalogical interest is bats. He received the Barney E. Rushing Faculty Distinguished Research Award from Texas Tech University and the George Misksch Sutton Award Robert D. Owen (1983-1989, 1991-Present) Robert D. Owen was born in 1948 in Tulsa, Okla¬ homa. He graduated from the University of Oklahoma in 1976 with a Bachelor of Science in Zoology. He received a Ph.D. in 1987, also in Zoology, from the University of Oklahoma under the direction of Gary D. Schnell. Owen was hired by Texas Tech University in 1983 to serve as Museum Collection Manager at the NSRL, where he remained until 1989. From 1989 to 1991, he was an Assistant Professor in the Depart¬ ment of Biology at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. He returned to Texas Tech University in 1991 as an Assistant Professor of Biological Sciences and was promoted to Associate Professor in 1997. He has served as a major advisor to six masters and four doctoral students at Texas Tech University (Table 2). Robert D. Bradley (1994-Present) Robert D. Bradley was born in 1960 in Carthage, Missouri. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from Texas A&M University in 1983. In 1986 he completed a Master of Science degree at Texas A&M under the direction of David J. Schmidly. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1991 under the direction of Rob¬ ert J. Baker at Texas Tech University. Bradley held two postdoctoral positions, the first with David M. in Conservation Research from the Southwestern As¬ sociation ofNaturalists. Willig has described two mam¬ malian taxa ( Tonatia saurophila bakeri and Tonatia saurophila maresi [Williams et al. 1995]). While remaining on faculty at Texas Tech Uni¬ versity, Willig served the National Science Foundation as Director in the Ecology Program (2000-2002), and currently serves as Director of the Division of Envi¬ ronmental Biology (2004-present). These positions include the management and leadership of the premier funding programs for basic research in ecology, evo¬ lution, and systematics in the United States. Owen has published 55 manuscripts and has re¬ ceived two Fulbright Scholarships for lecturing and research in Paraguay. His research interests include mammalian systematics, zoogeography, evolution, and zoonoses, with emphasis on Neotropical fauna. Owen has described two mammalian taxa; a subspecies, Pygoderma bilabiatum magna (Owen and Webster 1983), and Koopmania , a genus of Stenodermatine bat (Owen 1991). Other interests include the imple¬ mentation of multivariate statistical methods in sys¬ tematics and evolution, philosophy and methodology in vertebrate phylogenetics, and morphological corre¬ lates of genetic phenomena in mammals and bioindicators of environmental disruption and contami¬ nation. Hillis and James J. Bull at University of Texas at Austin (1991-1992), and the second with Rodney L. Honeycutt at Texas A&M University (1992-1994). Bradley joined the faculty of Texas Tech University in 1994 and currently serves as Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences and Curator of Mammals at the NSRL. 20 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Bradley served as President of the Texas So'ciety of Mammalogists (2002-2003) and as Associate Edi¬ tor for the Journal of Mammalogy (2001 -2005). While the focus of Bradley’s research is mammalian system- atics and molecular evolution, his research interests are fairly broad and encompass topics such as hybrid zones, chromosomal evolution and speciation, the ori¬ gin and evolution of rodent-borne viruses, epidemiol¬ ogy and zoonoses of mammalian-borne viruses, the growth and utilization of natural history collections, bioinformatics, and the utility of the Genetic Species Concept (Bradley and Baker 2001). Bradley has con¬ tinued the tradition of field-based research at Texas Tech University by teaching the Field Methods course of the Museum, a course that was first implemented by Packard. Several of the courses involved trips to Mexico (1995, 1997,2000,2005) and Honduras (2001, 2004) and have included many graduate and under- R. Richard Monk (1995-2003) R. Richard Monk was bom in 1963 in Spanish Fork, Utah. He obtained his Bachelor of Science in Zoology in 1987 from Brigham Young University. At Texas Tech University he earned a masters degree in Museum Science in 1990 and a Ph.D. in Biology in 1997 under Robert J. Baker. His dissertation research involved the development of databases for systematic collections. During his time at Texas Tech University, Monk was a Curatorial Assistant (1989-1990, 1993- 1995), Collections Manager (1995-1996), Assistant Curator (1996-1997), and Curator of Collections and Adjunct Professor (1997-2003). Monk was a key David J. Schmidly (1996-2002) David J. Schmidly was bom in 1943 in Level land, Texas. He obtained his Bachelor of Science degree from Texas Tech University in 1966. Two years later he completed a Master of Science degree at Tech un¬ der the direction of Robert L. Packard. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1971 under the supervision of Donald F. Hoffmeister at the University of Illinois-Champaign/ Urbana. After completing his Ph.D., he joined the fac¬ ulty of the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sci¬ ences at Texas A&M University and eventually held graduate students, as well as faculty from other insti¬ tutions, such as Ron Van Den Bussche and Meredith Hamilton of Oklahoma State University. Bradley’s re¬ search program includes a strong commitment to the tradition of collecting voucher specimens with associ¬ ated tissues. Bradley has directed four doctoral stu¬ dents and 11 master students to completion, and cur¬ rently he has three master’s student and two doctoral students (Table 2). He has published 98 papers. Bra¬ dley has described two new mammalian species {Reithrodontomys bakeri [Bradley et al. 2004b] and Peromyscus schmidlyi [Bradley et al. 2004a]), and has propose that 10 others be elevated from subspecific to specific status {Peromyscus beatae , P. sagax , P. levipes, Geomys knoxjonesi , G. streckeri , Neotoma leucodon, N. picta, N. isthmica, Sigmodon toltecus , and S. hirsutus ). component in the development of database applica¬ tions for the NSRL collections. In June 2003, Monk chaired the 18th annual meeting of the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, which was hosted by the Museum of Texas Tech University. Monk taught several classes in Museum Science and Biology at Texas Tech University, and he advised seven stu¬ dents that earned post-graduate degrees at Tech (Table 2). Monk has published 13 manuscripts. He cur¬ rently serves as Curatorial Associate in the Depart¬ ment of Mammalogy at the American Museum of Natu¬ ral History in New York. two major administrative positions; Head of the Wild¬ life and Fisheries Sciences Department (1986-1992), and Chief Executive Officer and Campus Dean of Texas A&M at Galveston (1992-1996). In 1996, Baker urged Schmidly to return to his alma mater of Texas Tech University as Graduate Dean, as well as Professor of Biological Sciences and Curator of Mammals for the NSRL. Schmidly was quickly promoted to Vice Presi¬ dent for Research and Graduate Studies, then to Presi¬ dent of Texas Tech University in 2000. Schmidly served Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: AHistorical Perspective 21 in that capacity until 2003, when he accepted the posi¬ tion of President and CEO of the Oklahoma State Uni¬ versity system. Schmidly’s research interests include the sys- tematics, taxonomy, and natural history of Nearctic/ Neotropical mammals, with special interests in the con¬ servation of wildlife diversity in Texas, the southwest¬ ern U.S., and Mexico, and the marine mammals of the Gulf of Mexico. His publication record includes 99 scientific publications and seven books. Among the most noted of Schmidly’s books are the fifth (1995; co-authored with William B. Davis) and sixth (2004) editions of The Mammals of Texas. The Mammals of Texas is considered a standard refer¬ ence for Texas mammalogists, and the book is used as a textbook or primary reference material by many of the universities and colleges in the state that teach mam¬ malogy courses. Another book, Texas Natural His¬ tory: A Century of Change , published in 2001 by the Texas Tech University Press, chronicles the history of Carleton J. Phillips (1998-Present) Carleton J. Phillips was born in 1942 in Muskegon, Michigan. He graduated from Michigan State University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Zoology in 1964. He received a Master of Science degree in 1967 under the direction of E. Raymond Hall. In 1969 he obtained his Ph.D. in Zoology from the University of Kansas under the direction of J Knox Jones, Jr. Phillips served in various faculty and ad¬ ministrative capacities, including Department Chair and Graduate Program Director for the Department of Bi¬ ology at Hofstra University and Chair of Biological Sciences at Illinois State University, before coming to Texas Tech University in 1998 as Chair of the Depart¬ ment of Biological Sciences (1998-2002) and Profes¬ sor of Biological Sciences (1998-present). Phillips was promoted to Assistant Vice President for Research in 2002. From June 2003 to September 2004, Phillips served as a William C. Foster Fellow in the Office of Proliferation Threat Reduction (PTR), Nonprolifera¬ tion Bureau at the U.S. Department of State. From December 2003 through June 2004 he also was Spe¬ cial Advisor on Nonproliferation to the Coalition Pro¬ mammalogy in Texas and the changes in the natural history of Texas mammals as a result of human influ¬ ences in the 20th century. Schmidly has served as President of the South¬ western Association of Naturalists (1980-1981) and the Texas Society of Mammalogists (1985-1986). In 2003, he was elected to the Texas Hall of Fame for Science, Mathematics, and Technology, and he was the inaugural recipient of the Harvey Weil Professional Conservationist Award. He served as Editor of the Journal of Mammalogy for three years, and served on the Board of Directors for ASM from 1978-1999. Schmidly was the first recipient of the Donald W. Tinkle Research Excellence Award by the Southwest¬ ern Association of Naturalists in 1988. In 1999, the Texas Society of Mammalogists named Schmidly an Honorary Member. In 2003, the American Society of Mammalogists recognized his contributions to educa¬ tion in mammalogy with the Joseph Grinnell Award. While at Tech, Schmidly supervised one doctoral stu¬ dent (Table 2). visional Authority in Iraq (Office of National Security Affairs). Presently, he is an advisor to the State De¬ partment on Proliferation Threat Reduction and Pro¬ fessor of Biological Sciences at Texas Tech Univer¬ sity. While working in Baghdad and Basra, Iraq (Oc¬ tober 2003-June 2004), Philips and Dr. Alex Dehgan developed the Iraq International Center for Science and Industry (IICSI), which is a program to redirect to civilian work the Iraqi scientists, engineers, and tech¬ nicians who previously were employed in nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons programs and deliv¬ ery systems. Phillips also worked with Iraqi universi¬ ties on the broader issue of reconstruction of science and technology in Iraq. He helped create the Iraq Ra¬ dioactive Source Regulatory Authority, the Iraq Non¬ proliferation Programs Foundation (a planned precur¬ sor to a future Iraq National Science Foundation), and advised the Iraq Interim Government National Secu¬ rity Affairs Advisor on treaties and conventions related to nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. 22 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Phillips received the C. Hart Merriam Award for Excellence in Research from the American Society of Mammalogists in 1999 and Tributes of Appreciation for service to the nation from the Secretaries of State and Defense and from Presidential representative L. Paul Bremer in 2004. Phillips has more than 140 sci¬ entific publications. A historical perspective on the history of academic field mammalogy in North America (co-edited with Clyde Jones) was published by the Texas Tech University Museum in 2005 (Phillips and Jones 2005). Phillips’ research interests include gen¬ eral mammalian biology, comparative ultrastructure and molecular and cellular evolution, as well as biogeogra¬ phy and population molecular genetics. The majority of Phillips’ scientific articles since 1985 (more than Jorge Salazar-Bravo (2003-present) Jorge Salazar-Bravo was bom in 1964 in La Paz, Bolivia. He obtained his B.S. in 1988 from the Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Bolivia. In 2000, Salazar-Bravo earned his Ph.D. in Biology from the University of New Mexico under the direction of Terry L. Yates. He was Acting Assistant Curator of Mam¬ mals at the Museum of Southwestern Biology, Univer¬ sity of New Mexico, from 2000 to 2001. In 2001, Salazar-Bravo was hired as a Visiting Assistant Pro¬ fessor in the Department of Biology and Curator of Mammals of the Museum of Southwestern Biology at the University of New Mexico. Salazar-Bravo came to Texas Tech University in 2003 as an Assistant Pro- 60) focused on comparative ultrastructure, molecular evolution of secretory products, and histochemistry of mammalian salivary glands. He pioneered field tech¬ nology for preserving tissue samples for laboratory transmission electron microscopy. As a result, he and Dr. Bernard Tandler have compared cell structure in more than 300 species of mammals and described sev¬ eral new secretory cell organelles and unique evolu¬ tionary modifications associated with diet or repro¬ ductive isolation. Phillips’ current scholarship includes national biosecurity issues and national security and strategic planning on biological weapons defense, dual use technologies, and infectious agents associated with wild mammal reservoirs. He has supervised one doc¬ toral student to completion (Table 2). fessor in the Department of Biological Sciences to strengthen the program in the study of mammalian reservoirs associated with zoonotic diseases. His research interests include virus/host coevo¬ lution and the interplay between ecology and disease, as well as systematics, biogeography, evolution, and conservation of Neotropical and Nearctic mammals. He has extensive field experience in South America, Central America, and the southwestern United States. Salazar-Bravo has published 36 scientific papers, and currently he is mentoring one M.S. and one Ph.D. stu¬ dent (Table 2). Contributions of Research Associates and Others Numerous professionals other than mammalogy faculty have contributed to the mammalogy program at Texas Tech University in various ways over the past 40+ years. Such contributions include the develop¬ ment and administration of related programs (such as the Museum Science program), the direction of gradu¬ ate students who conducted mammalian research, ser¬ vice on the committees of mammalogy graduate stu¬ dents, the contribution of mammal specimens to the NSRL collections, and collaborative research efforts with NSRL staff and faculty. These individuals typi¬ cally have come from disciplines other than mammal¬ ogy, such as museum science, paleontology, ornithol¬ ogy, herpetology, entomology, parasitology, endocri¬ nology, ecology, and wildlife biology. Some have been faculty of the Department of Biology, some have been faculty of other Texas Tech University departments, and some have been associated with other universities or institutions. Most of the individuals discussed in this section, and many others, have been officially recognized as Research Associates of the NSRL. Table 3 provides a list of the Research Associates of the NSRL from 1970 Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective 23 to present. Research Associates of the NSRL are “pro¬ fessionals, who may or may not be employees of Texas Tech University, who are associated in a professional manner with the collections and/or the personnel of the NSRL.” They are appointed on an annual basis by the Director of the Museum. The responsibilities of a Research Associate include carrying out field and labo¬ ratory research activities in association with the pro¬ fessional staff of the NSRL, carrying out research and scholarly activities utilizing the collections of the NSRL, and promoting the NSRL through the production of research and scholarly activities. The students of Re¬ search Associates often utilize the NSRL to complete the requirements for graduate degrees. Since 1970, the collaborative relationships between the NSRL and the Research Associates have been profitable for Texas Tech University, the Museum, the NSRL, and the sci¬ ence of mammalogy. While it is beyond the scope of this paper to discuss individually all of the Research Associates of the NSRL and others who have contrib¬ uted to the mammalogy program, we have chosen here to recognize a select few who have been particularly influential in the growth and success of the mammal¬ ogy program at Texas Tech University. Mary Elizabeth King was Curator of Anthropol¬ ogy and Professor of Anthropology and Museum Stud¬ ies from 1971 to 1978. She also served as Acting Chairperson of the Museum Studies Department. King co-founded the Museum Science Program with Craig Black and Hugh Genoways. Craig C. Black was a vertebrate paleontologist. He came to Texas Tech University in 1972 as Director of the Museum and Professor of Geosciences. He was a major force in the development of the Museum Science Program at Texas Tech University, and over¬ saw the construction of the NSRL building. Robert W. Wilson also was a vertebrate paleon¬ tologist. He was a Visiting Professor in Museum Sci¬ ence and Geosciences at Texas Tech University from 1975 to 1977. Wilson specialized in the study of the Order Rodentia. Nick C. Parker came to Tech in 1988 as leader of the federal Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit. He worked with Robert J. Baker, Gary F. Edson, and John M. Bums to secure line item funding for the Museum in a biological database initiative. Parker was the driving force in the cooperative study between Texas Tech University and Texas Parks and Wildlife that produced Texas Parks and Wildlife for the 21st Century (Schmidly et al. 2001). Richard E. Strauss joined the faculty of the Biol¬ ogy Department in 1992. He specializes in biometry and multivariate statistics. Although Strauss’ interests are primarily associated with fishes, he has directed one mammalogy graduate student, and he has served on numerous graduate committees of mammalogy stu¬ dents. Strauss works enthusiastically and tirelessly to strengthen the experimental design and statistical analy¬ ses of graduate students’ theses and dissertations. A select few of a long list of other professionals who have contributed to the mammalogy program at Texas Tech University include William R. Atchley, Fred C. Bryant, John M. Burns, J. C. Cross, Stephen Demarais, Llewellyn D. Densmore, Jerran T. Flinders, George W. Fulk, Raymond C. Jackson, Eileen Johnson, Marilyn A. Houck, Mildred Lowe, Robert W. Mitchell, Danny B. Pence, Stuart L. Pimm, Francis L. Rose, Michael K. Rylander, Russell W. Strandtmann, Donald W. Tinkle, and Robert J. Warren. Graduate Education Although a few mammal-focused Master’s the¬ ses were completed prior to 1962, Robert L. Packard’s arrival in that year generally is recognized as the true beginning of the graduate mammalogy program at Texas Tech University. The first Ph.D. in Zoology with a mammalogy focus was granted to Packard’s student, Herschel W. Garner, in 1970. From 1954 through 2005, the Department of Biological Sciences granted at least 91 M.S. and 69 Ph.D. degrees that involved mammalian research. In addition, the Mu¬ seum Science Program at Texas Tech University is one of the few programs in the nation offering a 24 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Table 3.—Research Associates of the NSRL, 1970-2005. Name Current affiliation Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin Baker, Robert Bickham, John W. Bogan, Michael A. Carter, Dilford Cathey, James C. Chesser, Ron Choate, Jerry R. Cockrum, E. Lendell Dalquest, Walter Fulhorst, Charles Genoways, Hugh Gharaibeh, Burhan Goetze, Jim Hamilton, Meredith Hoffmann, Federico Hoffmann, Robert S. Honeycutt, Rodney L. Hood, Craig C. Jackson, Raymond C. Jannett, Jr., Frederick Jones, Cheri A. Jones, Jr., J. Knox Kendall, Ron Manning, Richard Mares, Michael McMurry, Scott Milazo, Mary Lou Mollhagen, Tony R. Muniz-Martinez, Raul Nash, Robert Owen, James Owen, Robert Packard, Robert L. Parker, Nick Patton, James L. Pence, Danny P. Phillips, Carlton J. Quintana, Miguel Qumsiyeh, Mazin Rodgers, Brenda Sanchez-Hemandez, Camelio Sansom, Andrew Schlitter, Duane Schmidly, David Simmons, Nancy Stangl, Frederick Tesh, Robert B. Tiranti, Sergio Van Den Bussche, Ron Willig, Michael Williams, Stephen Wilson, Don Yates, Terry Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Mexico Texas Tech University Texas A&M University USGS,Fort Collins Texas Tech University (retired) TAMU Extension Center, Uvalde Texas Tech University Fort Hays State University University of Arizona (Prof. Emeritus) deceased University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston University of Nebraska-Lincoln University of Pittsburgh Laredo Community College Oklahoma State University University of Nebraska Smithsonian Institution Texas A&M University University of Loyola Texas Tech University University of Minnesota University of Colorado, Denver deceased Texas Tech University Southwest Texas State University University of Oklahoma Texas Tech University Univserity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston Texas Tech University Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico deceased Universidad Salvadorena Alberto Masferrer, El Salvador Texas Tech University deceased Texas Tech University (retired) Univ. of California at Berkeley Texas Tech Health Sci. Center Texas Tech University U.S. Army, Fort Lewis, Washington SiParadigm Inc., New Jersey West Texas A&M University Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Texas State University, River Systems Institute Texas Parks and Wildlife Oklahoma State University American Museum of Natural History Midwestern State University University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Argentina Oklahoma State University Texas Tech University Baylor University Smithsonian Institution University of New Mexico Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective 25 Master’s degree in Museum Science with a Natural History specialization. Since 1997, the Museum Sci¬ ence Program has produced 13 Master’s students whose theses specialized in mammalian studies or sys¬ tematic collections management. At least 28 students since 1975 have utilized the Recent Mammal Collec¬ tions while obtaining a non-thesis Master’s degree in Museum Science. During the early years of the mammalogy pro¬ gram, the theses and dissertations produced by gradu¬ ate students primarily involved classical taxonomic, ecological, behavioral, physiological, and reproductive studies and employed conventional methodology (e.g., morphometries, allozymes). In recent years, disser¬ tation and thesis research projects typically have em¬ ployed advanced techniques and subject matters such as molecular systematics, biological informatics and data management, global positioning, epidemiology, and chromosomal evolution. Graduates from the mammalogy program at Texas Tech University continue to benefit the science with on-going research and education programs at uni¬ versities, museums, state and federal agencies, and private-sector businesses around the world. Just a few examples of the institutions employing Texas Tech University mammalogy graduates include: Baylor Uni¬ versity, Brigham Young University, Lamar University, Louisiana State University, Loyola University, Okla¬ homa State University, Penn State University, Purdue University, Stanford University, Texas A&M Univer¬ sity, Texas Tech University, University of New Mexico, Yale University, American Museum of Natural History, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Glaxco Welcome Biotech, Lexicon Genetics Inc., St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Therion International, and World Wildlife Fund. Administrators and Benefactors A critical factor to success in academia that is often under appreciated, or even maligned, is the uni¬ versity administration. Relative to the mammalogy program and the NSRL at Texas Tech University, the university administration has been a powerful and posi¬ tive force. Although the vision for the program came from the faculty, without the support and commit¬ ment of the administration, the mammalogy program undoubtedly would not have accomplished so much in its relatively short history. The administrative chain of command for the NSRL and the Museum falls out¬ side of the normal university structure, and therefore it was often necessary to have administrative support for our programs to be given a high priority for fund¬ ing and to facilitate growth and success. Presidents of the university that have been sup¬ portive through many venues include Grover E. Murray (geology); Lauro F. Cavazos (education); Rob¬ ert W. Lawless (business administration); Donald R. Haragan (atmospheric science); and David J. Schmidly (mammalogy). The support continues today through President Jon S. Whitmore (theater arts). Donald R. Haragan assisted the NSRL in the development of the biodiversity Line Item initiative, and made it possible for the mammalogists of the Biology Department to collaborate among colleges to develop interdisciplinary programs. David J. Schmidly contributed to the de¬ velopment of the new Experimental Sciences building, the cooperative nature of which will promote more effective use of the data in the biodiversity database. Schmidly also provided key support to the dedication of the Ben E. Keith donation to the expansion of the NSRL. Texas Tech University recently reorganized its administrative hierarchy and created a chancellor’s position. Both individuals who have served in that position have had a positive impact on activities asso¬ ciated with the NSRL. Chancellor John T. Montford was a key proponent of the biodiversity Line Item ini¬ tiative and even co-authored two papers on the inter¬ actions of bioinformatics and natural history databases. Chancellor David R. Smith worked with Museum Di¬ rector Gary Edson and the NSRL administration to ensure the completion of the new wing of the NSRL building. 26 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Several levels of the university administration have supported the NSRL and its activities through the years. J Knox Jones, Jr., as Vice President for Re¬ search and Graduate Studies, provided vision and com¬ mitment to the publication series of the Museum as well as the construction of the original NSRL building. John M. Burns, who served both as Chairman of the Biology Department and Provost of the University, is another individual who has remained committed to the success of the mammalogy program. Burns continu¬ ally facilitated cooperative and positive interactions between the faculty and staff of the NSRL, the gradu¬ ate and undergraduate programs in the Department of Biology, as well as the university. Burns also was in¬ strumental in obtaining new museum cases to accom¬ modate the transfer of the University of Texas Memo¬ rial Museum mammal and bird collections to the NSRL. Additionally, Vice President for Research Robert M. Sweazy has been a continual source of support and assistance in obtaining matching funds for grants and graduate student support. Museum Directors also have been a continual source of support for the NSRL and its activities. Di¬ rectors of the Museum since the NSRL was estab¬ lished were Craig C. Black, Clyde Jones, and Gary F. Edson, all of who were critical to continued growth. The current faculty and staff of the NSRL have an excellent working relationship with Director Gary Edson, and he continues to be a strong advocate for the NSRL’s growth and needs. Edson recently se¬ cured a grant from the Helen DeVitt Jones Foundation for the purchase of new cases to accommodate the NSRL expansion. Biology Department Chairpersons also have been especially supportive, including John Zak and Carl Phillips, as well as John Burns. In addition to the faculty positions and other sources of financial support provided by Texas Tech University, there have been a wide variety of entities that have provided funding for faculty, staff, and stu¬ dent salaries, equipment, fieldwork, and laboratory research projects. In addition to the typical National Science Foundation grants and NIH grants, other gov¬ ernment agencies such as the Department of Interior and Department of Energy have funded aspects of the Museum and the Department of Biology as part of funded research by faculty. State agencies, particu¬ larly the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, also have funded many mammal research projects by NSRL and Biology faculty, staff, and students. The private donations of James E. Sowell, who funded the Sowell Expeditions to Ecuador and Honduras (2001 and 2004), provided not only a critical component of the growth of the collection but also supported the education of students concerning biodiversity issues. As mentioned previously, the Ben E. Keith Company provided funds for the new NSRL wing, and the Helen DeVitt Jones Foundation provided monies for the purchase of speci¬ men cases. Conclusion Texas Tech University has made a substantial commitment to the continued growth of Robert L. Packard’s vision, and in this paper we have reviewed the 43-year history of the Mammalogy program, es¬ pecially as it relates to the Natural Science Research Laboratory. Texas Tech University has had a substan¬ tial number of faculty and students who have been active mammalian researchers and who have contrib¬ uted to the growth of the NSRL mammal collection to over 100,000 specimens, resulting in thousands of scientific publications. A source of pride for the pro¬ gram is the success of our students as mammalogists, museum scientists, natural historians, and conserva¬ tionists. The addition of a new wing to the NSRL as a result of the Ben E. Keith donation and continued sup¬ port from the Museum and University administration are viewed as valuable resources to continue to build a stronger program in Mammalogy and Museum Sci¬ ence. As there is an increase in the application of natural history data with recombinant DNA technol¬ ogy, global positioning information and biological informatics, the resources associated with this pro¬ gram will become more valuable to society for aes¬ thetics, economic development, as well as decisions important to wise conservation of our natural re¬ sources. It is the goal of the Museum, the NSRL, and the mammalogy program to provide this critical infor¬ mation to decision makers, scientists, and to society. Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective 27 Acknowledgments and Perspectives The authors wish to thank the following indi¬ viduals for providing assistance with this historical account: M. E. King Black, D. C. Carter, J. B. Chavez, R. K. Chesser, C. S. Cory, G. F. Edson, H. J. Garner, A. S. Halter, M. L. Haynie, M. A. Jones, T. E. Lee, D. T. Maze, R. R. Monk, R. D. Owen, C. J. Phillips, J. Salazar-Bravo, D. J. Schmidly, S. L. Williams, and M. R. Willig. We also would like to thank two anony¬ mous reviewers for valuable comments concerning earlier drafts of this manuscript. This has been an awkward paper to write be¬ cause many of the individuals profiled in this manu¬ script are also on the auther line. The benefit, how¬ ever, of having so many people involved in writing and documenting the history of mammalogy at Texas Tech is that comparative discussions about significant events and the contributions of individuals have been by a larger committee. As a whole, the authors beg for¬ giveness for any biases resulting from being “too close to the flame.” Literature Cited Allen, K. E., R. D. Bradley, R. R. Monk, O. V. Knyazhnitskiy, N. C. Parker, D. J. Schmidly, and R. J. Baker. 2001. Employment of geographic information systems for determining the accuracy of museum voucher specimen data. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 210:1-7. Baker, R. J. 1984. A sympatric cryptic species of mammal: a new species of Rhogeesa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Systematic Zoology 33:178- 183. Baker, R. J., D. C. Carter, and J. K. Jones, Jr. (eds.). 1976. Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part 1. Special Publications, The Museum, Texas Tech University 10:1-218. Baker, R. J., D. C. Carter, and J. K. Jones, Jr., (eds.). 1977. Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part 11. Special Publications, The Museum, Texas Tech University 13:1-364. Baker, R. J., D. C. Carter, and J. K. Jones, Jr. (eds.). 1979. Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae, Part III. Special Publications, The Museum, Texas Tech University 16:1-441. Baker, R. J., and R. K. Chesser. 2000. The Chornobyl nuclear disaster and subsequent creation of a wildlife preserve. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19:1231-1232. Baker, R. J., S. K. Davis, R. D. Bradley, M. J. Hamilton, and R. A. Van Den Bussche. 1989. Ribosomal DNA, mitochondrial DNA, chromosomal, and allozymic studies on a contact zone in the pocket gopher Geomys. Evolution 43:63-75. Baker, R. J., R. M. Fonseca, D. A. Parish, C. J. Phillips, and F. G Hoffmann. 2004. New bat of the genus Lophostoma (Phyllostomidae: Phyllostominae) from northwestern Ecuador. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 232:i+l-16. Baker, R. J., and H. H. Genoways. 1975. A new subspecies of Geomys bursarius (Mammalia: Geomyidae) from Texas and New Mexico. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 29:1-18. Baker, R. J., and H. H. Genoways. 1976. A new species of Chiroderma from Guadeloupe, West Indies (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae). Occasional Pa¬ pers, Museum of Texas Tech University 39:1-9. Baker, R. J., M. J. Hamilton, R. A. Van Den Bussche, L. E. Wiggins, D. W. Sugg, M. H. Smith, M. D. Lomakin, S. P. Gaschak, E. G. Bundova, G. A. Rudenskaya, and R. K. Chesser. 1996. Small mammals from the most radioactive sites near the Chornobyl nuclear power plant. Journal of Mammalogy 77:155-170. Baker, R. J., and V. R. McDaniel. 1972. A new subspecies of Uroderma bilobatum (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae) from Middle America. Occa¬ sional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech Univer¬ sity 7:1-4. Baker, R. J., M. B. O’Neill, and L. R. McAliley. 2003. Anew species of desert shrew, Notiosorex, based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data. Occa¬ sional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech Univer¬ sity 222:i+l-12. 28 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Baker, R, J., C. J. Phillips, R. D. Bradley, J. M. Burns, D. Cooke, G. F. Edson, D. R. Haragan, C. Jones, R. R. Monk, J. T. Montford, D. J. Schmidly, and N. C. Parker. 1998. Bioinformatics, museums, and so¬ ciety: integrating biological data for knowledge- based decisions. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 187:i+l-4. Baker, R. J., S. Solari, and F. G. Hoffmann. 2002. A new Central American species from the Carollia brevicauda complex. Occasional Papers, Mu¬ seum of Texas Tech University 217:i+l-12. Bradley, R. D., and R. J. Baker. 2001. A test of the genetic species concept: cytochrome-6 sequences and mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 82:960-973. Bradley, R. D., D. S. Carroll, M. L. Haynie, R. Muniz- Martinez, M. J. Hamilton, and C. W. Kilpatrick. 2004a. A new species of Peromyscus from west¬ ern Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy, 85:1184- 1193. Bradley, R. D., F. Mendez-Harclerode, M. J. Hamilton, and G. Ceballos. 2004b. A new species of Reithrodontomys from Guerrero, Mexico. Occa¬ sional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech Univer¬ sity 231:i+l-12. Brooks, D. M., R. J. Baker, M. Vargus, T. Tarifa, H. Aranibar, and J. M. Rojas. 2004. A new species of Oryzomys from an isolated pocket of Cerrado in Eastern Bolivia. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 241:1-11. Carter, D. C., and P. G. Dolan. 1978. Catalogue of type specimens of Neotropical bats in selected Euro¬ pean museums. Special Publications, The Mu¬ seum, Texas Tech University 15:1-136. Chesser, R. K., M. Bondarkov, R. J. Baker, J. K. Wickliffe, and B. E. Rodgers. 2004. Reconstruction of ra¬ dioactive plume characteristics along Chornobyl’s Western Trace. Journal of Environ¬ mental Radioactivity 71:147-157. Chesser, R. K., B. E. Rodgers, J. K. Wickliffe, S. Gaschak, I. Chizhevsky, C. J. Phillips, and R. J. Baker. 2001. Accumulation of cesium and strontium from abi¬ otic sources in rodents at Chornobyl, Ukraine. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20:1927-1935. Davis, W. B., and D. C. Carter. 1978. A review of the round-eared bats of the Tonatia silvicola com¬ plex, with descriptions of three new taxa. Occa¬ sional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech Univer¬ sity 53:1-12. Findley, J. S., and C. Jones. 1967. Taxonomic relation¬ ships of bats of the species Myotis fortidens, M. lucifugus, and M. occultus. Journal of Mammal¬ ogy 48:429-444. Findley, J. S., C. Jones, H. H. Genoways, E. C. Birney, and R. J. Baker. 1996. Obituary - J Knox Jones, Jr., 1929-1992. Journal of Mammalogy 77:578-593. Gardner, A. L., and D. C. Carter. 1972. A new Stenodermine bat (Phyllostomatidae) from Peru. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 2:1-4. Genoways, H. H. 1971. A new species of spiny pocket mouse (genus Liomys) from Jalisco, Mexico. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 5:1-7. Genoways, H. H., and R. J. Baker. 1975. A new species of Eptesicus from Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Occasional Pa¬ pers, Museum of Texas Tech University 34:1-7. Genoways, H. H., and R. J. Baker. 1996a. Anew species of the genus Rhogeesa, with comments on geo¬ graphic distribution and speciation in the genus. Pp. 83-87 in Contributions in mammalogy: a me¬ morial volume honoring Dr. J Knox Jones, Jr. (H. H. Genoways and R. J. Baker, eds.). Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock. 315 pp. Genoways, H. H., and R. J. Baker (eds.). 1996b. Contribu¬ tions in mammalogy: a memorial volume honor¬ ing Dr. J Knox Jones, Jr. Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock. 315 pp. Genoways, H. H., and S. L. Williams. 1980. Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. 1. A new species of bat of the genus Tonatia (Mam¬ malia: Phyllostomatidae). Annals of the Carnegie Museum 49:203-211. Hafner, M. S., W. L. Gannon, J. Salazar-Bravo, and S. T. Alvarez-Castaneda. 1997. Mammal collections in the western hemisphere: a survey and direc¬ tory of existing collections. American Society of Mammalogists. 93 pp. Hoffmann, F. G., J. G. Owen, and R. J. Baker. 2003. mtDNA perspective of chromosomal diversification and hybridization in Peters’ tent-making bat (Uroderma bilobatum : Phyllostomidae). Mo¬ lecular Ecology 12:2981-2993. Jones, C., and A. Riopelle. 1973. Field studies of primates in Rio Muni, West Africa. Pp. 219-223 in Na¬ tional Geographic Society Research Reports, 1966 Projects (P. Oesher, ed.). National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C. x+325 pp. Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective 29 Jones, C., and A. Riopelle. 1974. Field studies of primates in Rio Muni, West Africa, 1967-1968. Pp. 255-262 in National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1967 Projects (P. Oesher, ed.). National Geo¬ graphic Society, Washington, D.C. x+323 pp. Jones, J. K., Jr. 1958. Pleistocene bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. University of Kan¬ sas Publications, Museum of Natural History 9:389-396. Jones, J. K., Jr. 1981. Obituary - Robert Lewis Packard, 1928-1979. Journal of Mammalogy 62:855-859. Jones, J. K., Jr., and H. H. Genoways. 1970. Harvest mice (genus Reithrodontomys ) of Nicaragua. Occa¬ sional Papers of the Western Foundation of Ver¬ tebrate Zoology 2:1-16. Jones, J. K., Jr., and T. E. Lawlor. 1965. Mammals from Isla Cozumel, Mexico, with description of a new spe¬ cies of harvest mouse. University of Kansas Pub¬ lications, Museum Natural History 16:409-419. Jones, J. K., Jr., and R. L. Packard. 1956. Feresa intermedia (Gray) preoccupied. Proceedings of the Biologi¬ cal Society of Washington 69:167. King, R. D., R. R. Monk, and R. J. Baker. 2000. Electronic field data capture using Wildcat III. Museology, Museum of Texas Tech University 9:1-8. Knyazhnitskiy, O. V., R. R. Monk, N. C. Parker, and R. J. Baker. 2000. Assignment of global information system coordinates to classical museum locali¬ ties for relational database analyses. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 199:1- 15. Martin, R. E., and B. R. Chapman (eds.). 1984. Contribu¬ tions in mammalogy in honor of Robert L. Packard. Special Publications, The Museum, Texas Tech University 22:1-234. Monk, R. R. 1998. Bar code use in the mammal collection at the Museum of Texas Tech University. Museology, Museum of Texas Tech University 8 : 1 - 8 . Monk, R. R., and R. J. Baker. 2001. e-vouchers and the use of digital imagery in natural history collections. Museology, Museum of Texas Tech University 10 : 1 - 8 . Owen, R. D. 1991. The systematic status of Dermanura concolor (Peters, 1865) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), with description of a new ge¬ nus. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natu¬ ral History 206:18-25. Owen, R. D., and W. D. Webster. 1983. Morphological variation in the Ipanema bat, Pygoderma bilabiatum, with description of a new subspe¬ cies. Journal of Mammalogy 64:146-149. Packard, R. L., and T. Alvarez. 1965. Description of a new species of fossil Baiomys from the Pleistocene of central Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana 7:1- 4. Parker, N. C., R. D. Bradley, J. M. Burns, G. F. Edson, D. R. Haragan, C. Jones, R. Richard Monk, J. T. Montford, C. J. Phillips, D. J. Schmidly, and R. J. Baker. 1998. Bioinformatics: a multidisciplinary approach for the life sciences. Occasional Pa¬ pers, Museum of Texas Tech University 186:i+l- 8 . Phillips, C. J., and C. Jones (eds.). 2005. Going Afield. Museum of Texas Tech Unviesrity, Lubbock. 289 pp. Rouk, C. S., and D. C. Carter. 1972. A new species of Vampyrops (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae) from South America. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 1:1-7. Schlitter, D. A., S. L. Williams, and J. E. Hill. 1983. Taxo¬ nomic review of Temminck’s trident bat, Aselliscus tricuspidatus (Temminck, 1834) (Mam¬ malia: Hipposideridae). Annals of the Carnegie Museum 52:337-358. Schmidly, D. J., N. C. Parker, and R. J. Baker. 2001. Texas Parks and Wildlife for the 21st century. Texas Tech University, Lubbock. 47 pp. Sutton, J. F., and H. H. Genoways. 1974. A new Vespertilionine bat from the Barstovian Depos¬ its of Montana. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 20:1-8. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. Endan¬ gered and threatened wildlife and plants. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 50 CFR 17.11 and 17.12, Federal Register. Webster, W. D., and J. K. Jones, Jr. 1980. Taxonomic and nomenclatorial notes on bats of the genus Glossophaga in North America, with description of a new species. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 71:1-12. Wieczorek, J. R. 2001. MaNIS: Mammal Networked INformation System. Online. Internet. Univer¬ sity of California, Berkeley. http .7/ elib.cs.berkeley.edu/manis/. 30 Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University Williams, S. L., and H. H. Genoways. 1980. Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. IV. A new species of bat of the genus Molossops (Mammalia: Molossidae). Annals of the Carnegie Museum 49:487-498. Williams, S. L., and H. H. Genoways. 1981. Systematic review of the Texas pocket gopher, Geomys personatus (Mammalia: Rodentia). Annals of the Carnegie Museum 50:435-473. Addresses of authors: Lisa C. Bradley Museum of Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-3191 e-mail: lisa, bradleyfclttu. edu Brian R. Amman Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 Current: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd., MSA-26 Atlanta, GA 30333 e-mail, bamman@cdc.gov Joel G Brant Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 e-mail: joel.g. brant@ttu. edu L. Rex McAliley Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 e-mail: rexmcaliley@excite. com Francisca Mendez-Harclerode Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 e-mail : francisca. m. mendez-harclerode@ttu. edu Williams, S. L., M. R. Willig, and F. A. Reid. 1995. Review of the Tonatia bidens (Mammalia: Chiroptera) complex, with descriptions of two new subspe¬ cies. Journal of Mammalogy 76:612-626. Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (eds.). 1993. Mammal species of the world, 2nd ed. Smithsonian Insti¬ tution Press, Washington, D.C. 1206 pp. John R. Suchecki Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 Current: 155 Camp Ozark Drive Mt. Ida, AR 71957 e-mail : john@campozark. com Clyde Jones Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 e-mail : cjmajonesi@aol.com Hugh H. Genoways W436 Nebraska Hall University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE 68588-0514 e-mail. hgenoway>s 1 (@unl. edu Robert J. Baker Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 e-mail rjbaker@ttu.edu Robert D. Bradley Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409-3131 e-mail : robert. bradley(@ttu. edu Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University Institutional subscriptions are available through the Museum of Texas Tech University, attn: NSRL Publications Secretary, Box 43191, Lubbock, TX 79409-3191. Individuals may also purchase separate num¬ bers of the Occasional Papers directly from the Museum of Texas Tech University. ISSN 0149-175X Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3191