TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

Natural Science Research Laboratory

Occasional Papers

Museum of Texas Tech University

Number 309 28 June 2012

Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area, with Comments on

McCurtain County, Oklahoma

ZacharyP. Roehrs, Justin B. Lack, Craig E. Stanley, Jr., Christopher J. Seiden, RobertBastarache, W.
David Arbour, Meredith J. Hamilton, David M. Leslie, Jr., and Ronald A. Van Den Bussche

Abstract

Red Slough Wildlife Management Area (RSWMA) is located in the southeastern corner
of Oklahoma, McCurtain County, and represents the extreme northwestern extent of the South
Central Plains (SCP) ecoregion. Previous mammal research in southeastern Oklahoma has
focused mostly on the Ouachita Mountains to the north of RSWMA. As a result, of the 69 spe¬
cies of mammals potentially occurring in McCurtain County, only 48 species represented by
599 voucher specimens reside in natural history collections. We present results from a mam¬
mal survey of RSWMA conducted from December 2009 to August 2010. We captured 574
non-volant small mammals in 9,115 trap-nights, 11 bats in 17 net-nights, and seven salvaged
meso-mammals resulting in 157 voucher specimens of 22 mammal species, including the first
specimen of Castor canadensis for McCurtain County, and photographic vouchers for eight ad¬
ditional species from RSWMA. These results provide a baseline for future studies on RSWMA
and substantially increase our natural history knowledge for many relatively under-studied
mammals in southeastern Oklahoma.

Key words: biodiversity, bottomland, faunal survey, feral, mammals, marsh, Oklahoma,

Red River, slough, swamp, wetland

Introduction

Southeastern Oklahoma contains the northwest¬
ern most extent of the South Central Plains (SCP)
ecoregion (Woods et al. 2005; Omernik 2007) making
this a biologically unique region of the state. Floral
studies in this region have focused largely on its forests
because of their biodiversity, production value, and loss
of bottomland hardwood forests (Little and Olmsted
1936; Brabander et al. 1985; Wilkinson et al. 1987;

Hoagland et al. 1996; Hoagland and Buthod 2004;
Hoagland and Johnson 2004; Taylor 2005; Hoagland
and McCarty 2009). Studies of fauna in this region
have been either broad taxonomic lists including little
natural history data (e.g., Ortenburger 1926a, 1926b) or
species-specific studies (e.g., Krupa 1986; Heck 1998,
2006; Riedle 2005; Arbour and Bastarache 2006).

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Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

The scientific study of mammalian diversity in
this region is relatively recent and incomplete with
early records of explorers and travelers making little
mention of the mammalian fauna south of the Ouachita
Mountains and east of the Muddy Boggy River. The
Frenchman Bernard de la Harpe provided the first
written record of mammals from this region during an
excursion from his trading post on the Red River in
Bowie County, Texas, north to near Tulsa, Oklahoma
(Lewis 1924). Although la Harpe says little about the
mammals they encountered while traveling through
this region, he does mention that their guides killed two
Bison bison and “some roebucks” (= male Odocoileus
virginianus ) near the present town of Rufe, Oklahoma,
on 18 August 1719 (Lewis 1924:337). John Calvert
[Juan Chalvert] traveled up the north shore of the Red
River in 1794 and J. Saunders passed through south¬
eastern Oklahoma in 1803 and 1804, but little record of
their journeys exists (Loomis andNasatir 1967; Flores
1985). Thomas Nuttall traveled through southeastern
Oklahoma from 22 May to 14 June 1819 in what is
today southeastern Choctaw County near the conflu¬
ence of the Kiamichi and Red rivers (Nuttall 1821). He
collected plants in the “Horse Prairie,” named for the
herds of wild horses in the area before settlement, but
this is his only mention of mammals in this ecoregion.
All other accounts from the Red River Valley are from
much further west (e.g. Marcy 1854).

The first scientific survey of McCurtain County
was conducted by the now Sam Noble Oklahoma Mu¬
seum of Natural History in 1925 (Ortenburger 1926a),
but only a few bat records were published from this

survey (Ortenburger 1926b). Since that time, a number
of studies have reported on mammals from southern
McCurtain County (Whitaker 1937; Glass 1958; Glass
and Ward 1959; McCarley 1961; Dolgos and Earls
1973; Reynolds 1977; Tyler and Scott 1982; Hatcher
1984; Schnell et al. 1985; Caire et al. 1988; Sheffield
and Chapman 1992; Clark and Clark 1997; Shackelford
and Whitaker 1997; White and Hoagland 1997; Heck
1998; McDonald 2006; Tumlison and Bastarache 2007;
Barrett and Leslie 2010; Stevens 2010); however, few
comprehensive surveys have been published giving us
only a fragmented picture of the mammalian biodiver¬
sity in southeastern Oklahoma.

Over the last 20 years, the Red Slough Wetlands
Restoration Project has conserved extensive wetlands
and bottomland hardwood habitats generally degraded
in this region. Today Red Slough Wildlife Management
Area (RSWMA) is an important conservation area for
Oklahoma and provides outdoor recreational and edu¬
cational opportunities. In a continuing effort to docu¬
ment and understand the natural history and ecology
of mammals in Oklahoma, we surveyed RSWMA to
gather information on the composition and habitat af¬
finities of its mammalian fauna and our results are use¬
ful for future conservation and management practices.
Our results and other records from McCurtain County
also provide baseline data for comparison with future
research and serve as a benchmark for future studies
of landscape change, invasion of non-native species,
changing management practices, and potential effects
of climate change.

Methods

Study Area .—RSWMA is a 2,353 ha wetland
restoration project in southeastern McCurtain County,
Oklahoma (33.707-33.765° N and 94.605-94.703°
W; Fig. 1). Elevation ranges from 95 m in the eastern
portion of RSWMA near Push Creek to 126 m on some
of the northern most upland areas. Climate is generally
humid (43-99%) with hot summers (mean summer high
= 32.2° C) and cold winters (mean winter low = 0° C;
OCS 2010). Mean annual precipitation is 128.2 cm
with precipitation fairly consistent throughout the year
except for a drying period during late summer (July-

August; OCS 2010). RSWMA lies in the Western Guff
Coastal Plain physiographic province and Dissected
Coastal Plain geomorphic province of Oklahoma (Fen-
neman 1917; Curtis et al. 2008). The water table of
RSWMA is high, ranging from at or near the surface
in winter to 6.1 m below the surface in summer (Davis
1960). The high water table and the poorly drained soils
of this area lead to periods of inundation producing the
wetlands that historically existed in this area (Reasoner
1974). Push Creek transects RSWMA west to east and
empties into the Red River approximately 3.2 km to the

Roehrs et al.—Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area

3

Figure 1. Map of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area depicting management unit numbers, dominant land cover, roads, and levees. Map
modified with permission from the U.S. Forest Service map (USFS 2009).

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Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

southeast. RSWMA sits at the northwestern extent of
the SCP ecoregion (Level III) predominantly in the Red
River Bottomlands, but northern areas extend just into
the Pleistocene Fluvial Terraces (Level IV; Woods et
al. 2005; Omernik 2007). The SCP ecoregion contains
the western-most populations of southern coniferous
forest and northwestern-most populations of southern
floodplains forest. Moreover, it is in this ecoregion
where these forests transition into the oak-hickory
forest and grassland that are dominant to the north
and west (Blair and Hubbell 1938; Woods et al. 2005;
Omemik 2007).

Historically, the area that is now RSWMA was
dominated by bottomland hardwood forests, and con¬
stituted one of the largest wetland complexes in Okla¬
homa; it was converted into agriculture in the 1960s by
wetland drainage, channelization of Push Creek, and
forest clearing. In the 1980s, levees and water control
structures were built for rice production on parts of
the area. In 1996, much of this area was enrolled in
the Natural Resources Conservation Service, Wetlands
Reserve Program by landowner Phillip Hogan. From
1997-2004, parts of what is now known as RSWMA
were purchased by The Conservation Fund and do¬
nated to the U.S. Forest Service (USFS; Meek 2005).
RSWMA is now jointly administered and managed by
the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation
(ODWC), USFS, and the Natural Resources Conser¬
vation Service with support from Ducks Unlimited
and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Water-control
structures were improved or built to seasonally flood
management units and promote wetland and bottom¬
land forest habitats (Fig. 1). Drier upland sites are
managed as upland forests or with prescribed fire and
mowing to maintain parkland and shrubland habitats.

Vegetation .—The flora of RSWMA was inven¬
toried by Hoagland and Johnson (2004), and research
on forest trees and shrubs has been conducted in the
area (Little and Olmstead 1936; Brabander et al. 1985;
Wilkinson et al. 1987; Taylor 2005; Hoagland and Mc¬
Carty 2009). The habitats we sampled on RSWMA
can be divided into six general types: forest, grassland,
parkland, shrubland, and wetland. Descriptions of
vegetation types and subtypes on RSWMA are based
on Hoagland (2000) and Hoagland and Johnson (2004)
where applicable (Fig. 1; Table 1). For more extensive
description of vegetation and site photographs contact

the authors or see field notes deposited in the Oklahoma
State University, Collection of Vertebrates (OSU).

Sampling .—Historical data on the mammals of
McCurtain County were gathered from personnel and
records at RSWMA and from specimen data in the
Mammal Networked Information System (MaNIS;
http://www.manisnet.org/, accessed 15 November
2010), and natural history collections (Appendix).
We surveyed the mammalian fauna on RSWMA from
14-19 December 2009, 21-27 May 2010, 21-27 June
2010, and 17-22 July 2010 primarily focusing on ter¬
restrial small mammals. Collecting localities were
chosen to sample the diversity of habitats present on
RSWMA and therefore were not random. Non-volant
mammals were trapped using two methods: transects of
Sherman live traps (H. B. Sherman Traps, Tallahassee,
FL) consisting of 50 traps per transect, and pitfall traps
set in “Y” shaped arrays with a 5-gallon bucket at the
end of each arm and in the middle of the “Y.” Each arm
consisted of plastic edging 2.4 m in length and 10 cm
height above ground. Sherman traps were baited with
rolled oats and chicken scratch, set in late afternoon,
and picked up in the early morning each day. Pitfall
traps were set in two localities on the northern end of
unit 18 during summer months and were checked twice
daily. The majority of RSWMA is made up of wetlands
with deep-water reservoirs, periodically flooded shal¬
low water impoundments, moist soil units, vernal pools,
springs, and flowing water types of wetlands, some of
which are forested. Because of this, small mammal
trapping was only conducted in areas with < 8 cm of
standing water. Volant mammals were sampled using
mist nets (Avinet, Inc., Dry den, NY) over creeks and
levees. Nets were opened at sunset and closed by 0100
h. Voucher specimens were also collected opportunisti¬
cally (e.g., salvage of dead animals or those killed by
management practices). All sampling was conducted
using protocols approved by the Oklahoma State Uni¬
versity, Institutional Animal Care and Use Commit¬
tee, following guidelines of the American Society of
Mammalogists (Gannon et al. 2007), and under permits
issued by the ODWC. Voucher specimens (including
tissues and embryonic material) are deposited at OSU.
Garmin GPS 12XL handheld receivers (Olathe, KS)
set on the World Geodetic System of 1984 Geodetic
Reference System Locality coordinates were used to
record uncorrected Universal Transverse Mercator units
for each locality sampled.

Roehrs et al.—Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area

5

Table 1. Vegetation types and subtypes trapped on Red Slough Wildlife Management Area, with general description
and management units they dominate (Units; Fig. 1). Areas were grouped based on similar plant community and
structure. General description is based on Hoagland (2000) where appropriate; otherwise, brief description with
dominant species is provided. Units in which subtypes can be found are provided except for Parkland, Wetland, and
Shrubland, which can be found in most units (Fig. 1).

Type

Subtype

General Description

Units

Bottomland

hardwood

Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus lyrata, Q. nigra , or 0. phellos
forest alliances.

19, 25,35, 56, 58

Loblolly pine
plantings

Pinus taeda plantings: P. taeda / Rhus copallina or P. taeda -
Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Ulmus americana / Chasmanthium
sessiliflorum forest associations.

9, 33, northern 35

Forest

Osage-Orange

Maclura pomifera , Arundinaria gigantea, Sabal minor , Equisetum
sp.

58

Riparian

Salix nigra woodland association or associations of the Populus
deltoides forest alliance. Other than unit 61, found along Push
Creek, wetlands, and reservoirs edges.

61, see general
description

Pecan

Old pecan orchard, Carya illinoensis (pecan) - C. laevigata forest
association.

southwest 4

Andropogon /
Panicum

Andropogon virginicus / Panicum oligosanthes

20, 34

Grassland

Andropogon /
Avena

Andropogon virginicus , Avena fatua, Lolium perenne

6, 8, 11, 17

Forb dominated

Solidago sp., Ambrosia trifida , Helianthus sp., Rosa sp., and

Rubus sp.

18, 57, 60

Disturbed

Cynodon dactylon , Digitaria sanguinalis, Sorghum halepense.
Trifolium sp. and Zizaniopsis miliacea in wet areas.

Levees

Parkland

Parkland

Codominant forest and grassland components with open grass¬
land-like vegetation, a scattering of mature trees, and small dense
patches of shrubs.

Common across WMA.

Deep-water

reservoirs

(margins)

Diversity of wetlands present on WMA with deep-water reser¬
voirs, periodically flooded shallow water impoundments, moist

Complex wetland

Wetland

Moist soil units

soil units, vernal pools, springs and flowing water types of wet¬
lands, some of which are forested. Include: Juncus effusus, Typha

communities found in
almost every unit in

Drained
shallow water
impoundments

latifolia, Z. miliacea herbaceous associations, and associations of
the Polygonum sp. (section persicaria ) herbaceous alliance.

WMA.

Shrubland

Baccharis

shrubland

Baccharis halimifolia, understories depend on soil saturation: if
dryer, like grasslands; if wetter, like moist soil wetland units.

Common across WMA.

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Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

Results

We captured 574 non-volant small mammals in
9,115 trap-nights (6% trap success), 11 volant mammals
in 17 net nights (65% net success), and seven meso-
mammals were salvaged (Table 2). Four species made
up 87% of all captures combined. In decreasing number
of captures they were, Reithrodontomys fulvescens (238
individuals), Oryzomys texensis (100), Peromyscus gos-
sypinus (90), and Sigmodon hispidus (88). We caught
four times the number of animals in December than
any other month in which we trapped (Table 2). This
was due to the large number of R. fulvescens caught
during this trapping period. Interestingly, we only
captured Ochrotomys nuttalli and Glaucomys volans
in December (Table 2). In winter we typically caught
more females than males of most species and as sum¬
mer progressed, we tended to catch more males than
females (Table 2). In our survey of bats, all individuals
caught were examined for signs of fungal infection or
history of tissue damage to the wings, symptomatic of
White-nose Syndrome after hibernation (Meteyer et
al. 2009; Cryan et al. 2010). No signs of White-nose
Syndrome were observed on any bats caught.

Didelphis virginiana Kerr 1792
Virginia Opossum

D. virginiana has been collected from all phys¬
iographic regions in Oklahoma (Caire et al. 1989),
however, only three voucher specimens are known from
McCurtain County (Appendix). D. virginiana is a habi¬
tat generalist but tends to favor mesic habitats, when
available, like those present on RSWMA (McManus
1974). We provide a fourth voucher specimen from
McCurtain County collected along a levee between
Otter Lake and Unit 27A in RSWMA (Fig. 1; Table
2; Appendix).

Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus 1758
Nine-banded Armadillo

D. novemcinctus has been on a well-documented
northward expansion in the United States (Taulman
and Robbins 1996; Platt et al. 2009). Despite a paucity
of voucher specimens, D. novemcinctus is distributed
across Oklahoma (Caire et al. 1989; Braun and Rev-

elez 2005; Roehrs et al. 2008; Braun et al. 2011). Two
voucher specimens exist from McCurtain County (Ap¬
pendix), but none have been recorded from RSWMA.
We provide a photograph voucher taken on the shore
of Bittern Lake, 31 July 2007 (by author WDA; Figs.
1 and 2a). This individual was digging up and eating
eggs of an unidentified turtle species.

Glaucomys volans (Linnaeus 1758)
Southern Flying Squirrel

G. volans is known from scattered records across
eastern and southern Oklahoma and little is known
about its ecology and natural history in the state (Caire
et al. 1989; Stangl et al. 1992; Braun and Revelez 2005;
McDonald et al. 2007). Only two voucher specimens
represent this species in McCurtain County (Appendix).
We contribute an additional voucher specimen caught
during December in an area of transition from loblolly
pine into bottomland hardwood forest in northern Unit
35 (Fig. 1; Tables 1 and 2; Appendix). This female
specimen was not pregnant or lactating.

Castor canadensis Kuhl 1820
American Beaver

C. canadensis was historically distributed across
the United States (Jenkins and Busher 1979) and oc¬
curred in high numbers across Oklahoma (Reynolds
1977; Caire et al. 1989). By the early 1900s, C.
canadensis was nearly extirpated from Oklahoma due
to overexploitation for the fur trade, with relict popu¬
lations surviving in only a few river drainages (Cross
1917; Blair 1939; Jones 1952). Through management
and restocking, C. canadensis has returned to an es¬
sentially statewide distribution (Caire et al. 1989). At
RSWMA, this species is controlled because of the
damage it can cause to the levee system. Records in¬
dicate that a mean of 29 C. canadensis per year (range
12-47/year) were removed from RSWMA between
2006-2010 to mitigate damage to water control struc¬
tures, including four individuals for which we were
able to salvage skulls (Table 2; Appendix). In spite of
the widespread nature of this species, these are the first
voucher specimens of C. canadensis from McCurtain
County. Given the mix of wetlands, creeks, and forests

Table 2. Total captures by species and sex from four trapping sessions at Red Slough Wildlife Management Area. Numbers appearing between female
(F) and male (M) columns are individuals where sex is unknown.

Roehrs et al.—Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area

7

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8

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

Figure 2. Photographic vouchers of mammals from Red Slough Wildlife
Management Area. Pictures are property of the U.S. Forest Service. A) Dasypus
novemcinctus by W. David Arbour on Bittern Lake, 31 July 2007. B) Canis
latrans by Berlin A. Heck, 2 January 2010 on Pintail Lake levee. C) Neovison
vison by Berlin A. Heck in unit 38,20 May 2010. D) Mephitis mephitis by Berlin
A. Heck, 19 February 2008 in unit 44. E) Procyon lotor by Zachary P. Roehrs,
24 May 2010, south side of levee separating units 6 and 8. F) Sus domesticus by
W. David Arbour in unit 5, 8 June 2009. G) Odocoileus virginianus by Berlin A.
Heck, 25 July 2007 in Bittern Lake. H) Sylvilagus aquaticus by W. David Arbour
at Bittern Lake, 12 May 2009.

Roehrs et al.—Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area

9

prevalent in this area, C. canadensis is common on
RSWMA(Fig. 1).

Geomys breviceps Baird 1855
Baird’s Pocket Gopher

G. breviceps is found across eastern Oklahoma
(Caire et al. 1989; Sulentich et al. 1991), but despite
extensive study of this species in Oklahoma, only
eight voucher specimens have been collected from
McCurtain County (Appendix). Color variation is
well documented in Geomys , and leucistic individuals
of G. breviceps have been previously documented in
Bryan County, Oklahoma (McCarley 1951). We report
a leucistic individual collected in bottomland hardwood
forest of unit 19 on RSWMAby Jack Ferguson (USFS,
Technician) on 10 October 2009, and preserved in the
Oklahoma Ranger District, Ouachita National Forest
Office, Broken Bow, Oklahoma (Appendix; Fig. 1;
Table 1).

Microtus pinetorum (Le Conte 1830)

Woodland Vole

M. pinetorum is found across all but the last tier
of western counties in the body of Oklahoma (Caire et
al. 1989; Clark and Tumlison 1992; Stangl et al. 1992;
Braun and Revelez 2005; McDonald et al. 2006; Roehrs
et al. 2008; Braun et al. 2011), but is documented in
McCurtain County by only six voucher specimens
(Appendix). We collected two females on RSWMA, of
which one was captured in May and was not pregnant;
the other was collected in June and was pregnant with
two embryos (Table 2; Appendix). The specimen col¬
lected in May was found freshly deceased on a rarely
used service road in unit 18, which consists of very
open hardwood parkland with a dense forb dominated
ground cover, whereas the individual captured in June
was from the late successional riparian forest in unit 61
(Fig. 1; Table 1). Despite an additional 466 trap-nights
in unit 18 (including Sherman and pitfall traps) and 499
trap-nights in unit 61, no other M. pinetorum were cap¬
tured. Since M. pinetorum is semifossorial it may have
limited distribution in this region of McCurtain County
and on the management area due to the fact that much
of RSWMA is flooded seasonally and soils in upland
sites are saturated throughout the winter.

Neotoma floridana (Ord 1818)

Eastern Woodrat

N. floridana is known to occur throughout most of
Oklahoma (Caire et al. 1989; Clark and Tumlison 1992;
Stangl et al. 1992; Braun and Revelez 2005; Roehrs et
al. 2008). Twenty-one voucher specimens have been
collected from McCurtain County (Appendix), and to
this dataset we add seven additional voucher specimens
from RSWMA all captured in bottomland hardwood
and riparian forests or dense woody patches in parkland
habitats (Tables 1; Appendix). Of the eight individu¬
als caught in December and June, six were female but
none was pregnant or lactating (Table 2). One released
female had a Cuterebra sp. warble on her neck.

Ochrotomys nuttalli (Harlan 1832)

Golden Mouse

O. nuttalli reaches the northwestern edge of its
distribution in southeastern Oklahoma (Linzey and
Packard 1977) and has been documented from four
counties in the state (Le Flore, McCurtain, Pushmataha,
Sequoyah—Osgood 1909; Blair 1939; Caire et al. 1989;
Braun et al. 2011). Only seven voucher specimens from
McCurtain County are in natural history collections
and we add six additional specimens from RSWMA,
all caught in December (Table 2; Appendix). The
four females caught were not pregnant or lactating.
Habitat affinities were loblolly pine parkland with forb
dominated understory (unit 18) or were associated with
dense tangles of Smilax sp. in bottomland hardwood
forest (unit 35 and along Teal Lake; Fig. 1; Table 1).

Peromyscus gossypinus (Le Conte 1853)
Cotton Deermouse

P. gossypinus reaches the northwestern extent
of its range in southeastern Oklahoma, with voucher
specimens documented from seven counties (Caire
et al. 1989; Payne and Caire 1999). In our survey,
P. gossypinus was one of the most common captures
(Table 2). We collected 22 individuals of 90 captured
from RSWMA, increasing by 35% the 63 voucher
specimens of this species from McCurtain County
previously deposited in collections (Appendix). In
December 2009, we captured one pregnant female, as

10

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

well as multiple lactating individuals, but collected no
lactating or pregnant females during the summer trap¬
ping sessions. This is consistent with previous studies
of P. gossypinus that documented breeding behavior in
Florida and Texas was decreased in June-September
(Pournelle 1952; McCarley 1954). On RSWMA, P.
gossypinus was commonly captured in all forest types,
and periodically captured in parkland and edge habitats
(Fig. 1; Table 1).

Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque 1818)
White-footed Deermouse

P. leucopus is one of the most common rodents in
Oklahoma with documented records in all but Lincoln
County (Caire et al. 1989). Although this species is
common in Oklahoma, only 35 voucher specimens
have been collected in McCurtain County and we
add 11 additional specimens from 12 total individuals
captured (Table 2; Appendix). None of the four adult
females collected in December (n = 2) and June (n =
2) were pregnant or lactating. Due to its extensive
distribution, P. leucopus has been documented in a
variety of wooded habitats, and is sometimes caught
in grassy habitats, though is typically replaced by P.
maniculatus in prairies. In this region, P. leucopus is
often replaced by P. gossypinus in more continuous for¬
est stands and only seems to be found in edge habitats.
On RSWMA, individuals were mainly caught in edge
habitat with a woody component including loblolly
pine and bottomland hardwood forest edge (especially
with eastern red cedar), pine and hardwood parklands,
Baccharis shrublands, and from the old pecan orchard
(Fig. 1; Table 1).

Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner 1845)

North American Deermouse

P. maniculatus is distributed throughout Okla¬
homa, most commonly occurring in open grassland
habitats. Where habitats transition to more woody or
shrubby vegetation P. maniculatus tends to be replaced
by P. leucopus. Caire et al. (1989) noted the exclusion
of P. maniculatus from the Cypress-Oak Floodplain
Physiognomic Region in the southeastern corner of
the state. Braun and Revelez (2005) have since added
seven voucher specimens from McCurtain County and

an additional two individuals reside in the collection at
the University of Central Oklahoma (Appendix). We
collected five additional voucher specimens from four
localities (Table 2; Appendix). All individuals were
collected during the summer including three females of
which none was pregnant or lactating. Individuals were
caught on RSWMA in Andropogon / Avena dominated
or forb dominated grassland habitats with few woody
species (at least by trap; Fig. 1; Table 1). Based on our
results and those of Braun and Revelez (2005), it is clear
that P. maniculatus can be found in this ecoregion and
McCurtain County, but are likely limited to grasslands
with little woody structure.

Reithrodontomys fulvescens Allen 1894
Fulvous Harvest Mouse

Historically restricted to eastern Oklahoma,
R. fulvescens is now found across most of the state
(Caire et al. 1989; Clark and Tumlison 1992; Stangl et
al. 1992; Thies et al. 1993; Braun and Revelez 2005;
McDonald et al. 2006; Roehrs et al. 2008). The species
was first collected in 1934 from McCurtain County
and since then 13 voucher specimens have been col¬
lected, with one of these specimens being collected
from RSWMA (Appendix). We add 17 additional
voucher specimens collected from 14 localities on
RSWMA (Table 2; Appendix). In total we captured
238 R. fulvescens from RSWMA of which 96% were
caught in December (Table 2). Of the females cap¬
tured in December (n = 123), only one was pregnant
and the only female caught in May was pregnant with
four embryos. We captured juveniles in December and
July, which correspond with other literature (Spencer
and Cameron 1982). On RSWMA, R. fulvescens was
captured in shrubby grasslands and grassland / forest
edge including bottomland hardwood or loblolly pine
parkland, riparian shrubby habitats, or Baccharis shru¬
blands (Fig. 1; Table 1).

Oryzomys texensis (Allen 1894)

Texas Rice Rat

Previously a member of Oryzomys palustris,
subspecies O. p. texensis has been elevated to species
rank (Hanson et al. 2010). O. texensis reaches the
northwestern extent of its distribution in southeastern

Roehrs et al.—Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area

11

Oklahoma (McCarley 1961; Wolfe 1982; Caire et al.
1989; Gettinger 1991; Braun and Revelez 2005; Mc¬
Donald et al. 2006; Braun et al. 2011). Only 10 voucher
specimens from three localities represent this species in
McCurtain County (Appendix). We add an additional
21 voucher specimens collected from 16 localities on
RSWMA (Table 2; Appendix). Of the 100 O. texen¬
sis captured, 41 were female, and six were pregnant.
These pregnant females were caught in June and July
and averaged four embryos (range = 2-5). This was
one of the most commonly caught species on RSWMA
(Table 2), primarily captured in wetland type habitats
preferred by O. texensis (Caire et al. 1989; Fig. 1; Table
1). These data also support the recently documented
seasonal movements of O. texensis into upland habi¬
tats in the winter and spring when water levels of this
region rise and resources are scarce (Kruchek 2004).
It was primarily in December when this species was
captured in riparian forest, grasslands, and shrublands
on RSWMA (Fig. 1; Table 1).

Sigmodon hispidus Say and Ord 1825
Hispid Cotton Rat

S. hispidus is found throughout Oklahoma (Caire
et al. 1989) and is one of the most well documented
species from McCurtain County with 38 previously
collected voucher specimens, 10 of which are from
RSWMA (Appendix). During our surveys, S. hispidus
was the fourth most commonly trapped species, making
up 15% of the individuals captured on RSWMA with 88
total captures (Table 2). We add 21 additional voucher
specimens from 17 localities (Appendix). As would
be predicted for this species, we commonly caught
them in parkland, edges of riparian and bottomland
hardwood forests, and in dense microhabitats of forb
dominated grasslands (Fig. 1; Table 1). Cameron and
Kruchek (2005) found that abundance of S. hispidus
and Oryzomys in wetlands was negatively related and
we generally observed a similar pattern at RSWMA.
S. hispidus is capable of breeding throughout the year
in southeastern Oklahoma (Caire et al. 1989), but we
only captured juveniles in May, June, and July, and of
the 11 adult females collected in all seasons surveyed,
they were pregnant only in May and June. Litter size
of those females averaged 7.6 (range 6-11) embryos,
falling within normal reported ranges (1-15—Cameron
and Spencer 1981). Orange patches of Trombiculidae

larvae were found on a number of individuals especially
on the ears and groin.

Mus musculus Linnaeus 1758

House Mouse

In North America, M. musculus is a cosmopolitan
commensal commonly found in manmade structures
or around agricultural fields and other disturbed sites
(Kaufman and Kaufman 1990; Clark and Clark 1996).
The house mouse was first documented in McCurtain
County in 1990 (Sheffield and Chapman 1992). We
collected another voucher specimen in a late succes-
sional riparian forest (unit 61—Fig. 1; Tables 1 and 2;
Appendix). This habitat is unusual for M. musculus ,
but “feral” individuals have been documented away
from human structures and disturbed sites and unit 61
is seasonally flooded, being a former channel of the
Red River (Kaufmann and Kaufmann 1990; Sheffield
and Chapman 1992; Clark and Clark 1996). This indi¬
vidual was a male, which are more prone than females
to disperse, and four human structures are less than
a quarter-mile away, which may represent potential
source populations (Pocock et al. 2005). Little is
known of the ecology and natural history of this now
permanent member of North American communities
and rigorous study is required.

My o castor coy pus (Molina 1782)

Coypu

Native to southern South America (Woods et
al. 1992; Carter and Leonard 2002), M. coypus was
introduced into North America as early as 1899 with
expanded introductions in the 1930s (Jojola et al.
2005). Feral populations in the United States became
established from fur farms and intentional introduc¬
tions, and thus have expanded across the southeastern
and northwestern United States (Carter and Leonard
2002; Jojola et al. 2005). Although first introduced in
Oklahoma in the 1950s, little information is available
on the distribution of coypu in the state. The most
current data are almost 40 years old and come from
four counties (Caddo, Comanche, Garvin, McCurtain—
Glass and Halloran 1961; Dolgos and Earls 1973; Caire
et al. 1989). Four voucher specimens are reported
from McCurtain County and to this dataset we add a

12

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

single specimen collected by Terry Stuart (Technician,
ODWC) on the northern end of Otter Lake on RSWMA
(Dolgos and Earls 1973; Fig. 1; Table 2; Appendix).
Coypu are known to have breeding populations within
RSWMA as well as on Ward Lake (Dolgos and Earls
1973). Recently, coypu have been targeted for control
on RSWMA, with 22 individuals removed in December
2010 .

Sylvilagus aquaticus (Bachman 1837)

Swamp Rabbit

With a distribution throughout the southeastern
one-half of Oklahoma, S. aquaticus is believed to be in
decline due to the destruction of its preferred habitat in
mesic areas surrounding wetlands, lakes, and streams
(Caire et al. 1989). It has been over 50 years since
there have been any studies targeting this species in
Oklahoma. Only three voucher specimens occur from
McCurtain County (Appendix). We frequently sighted
Sylvilagus of generally large size having shorter round
ears, a cinnamon-brown eye ring, course gray-rufus-
brown pelage and a high proportion of black guard
hairs on RSWMA that we attribute to S. aquaticus
(Chapman and Feldhamer 1981; Caire et al. 1989). We
provide a photographic voucher of this species from
Bittern Lake taken on 12 May 2009 (by author WDA;
Figs. 1 and 2h).

Blarina carolinensis (Bachman 1837)
Southern Short-tailed Shrew

B. carolinensis reaches its northwestern distribu¬
tion in southeastern Oklahoma (McCay 2001). Until
recently, only six voucher specimens from five locali¬
ties in McCurtain County were known from the state
(Appendix). Braun et al. (2011) expanded the known
distribution and our knowledge of this species in Okla¬
homa by collecting 81 voucher specimens from one
locality in Le Flore County. We add six more voucher
specimens from five localities in McCurtain County
(Table 2; Appendix). Identification is based on local¬
ity and small size of these individuals with mean total
length of 86.2 mm (81-92 mm) and mean weight 6.6
g (5-8 g) for six adults (George et al. 1981; Braun et
al. 2011). Of the two females captured in December
and June, neither were pregnant or lactating. This is
consistent with spring and autumn breeding docu¬

mented in other studies (Genoways and Choate 1998;
McCay 2001). This species may be more common in
this part of Oklahoma than records indicate, but more
targeted study is required. Future research needs to
focus on the distribution of this species in Oklahoma,
especially in relation to its congeneric B. hylophaga,
mapping their contact zone, and looking for potential
areas of sympatry and hybridization. On RSWMA, B.
carolinensis was most commonly caught in loblolly
pine or bottomland hardwood parkland with a dense,
forb-dominated understory of goldenrod, but were
also caught in riparian forest bordering wetlands or in
upland loblolly pine forest near wet meadows (Fig. 1;
Tablet).

Cryptotis parva (Say 1823)

North American Least Shrew

Despite the paucity of museum records, C. parva
is likely a common species in eastern Oklahoma and
is found throughout much of the state (Caire et al
1989; Dalquest et al. 1990; Stangl et al. 1992; Braun
and Revelez 2005; McDonald et al. 2006). Only one
voucher specimen is known from McCurtain County
(Appendix). The lack of voucher specimens likely
reflects species capture biases in the methods used
to catch small mammals (e.g., Sherman live traps vs.
pitfall traps) and frequency of trapping rather than spe¬
cies abundance; C. parva may be locally abundant, but
patchily distributed (Fitch 1954; Whitaker 1974). We
report 17 voucher specimens collected from six locali¬
ties on RSWMA, of which 13 (76%) were caught in
pitfall traps (Table 2; Appendix). All but one individual
were caught in summer, and individuals were captured
between 1800-0700 h. Despite being caught in all
months surveyed, none of the nine captured females
was pregnant or lactating. Individuals were primarily
captured in parkland with dense forb dominated ground
cover or in riparian forest (Fig. 1; Table 1).

Lasiurus borealis (Muller 1776)

Eastern Red Bat

L. borealis is considered one of the most broadly
distributed bats in the United States and is commonly
associated with forested areas (Caire et al. 1989). Al¬
though most records of this species in Oklahoma come
from eastern and central parts of the state, it is likely that

Roehrs et al.—Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area

13

it lives throughout the state, but is confined to riparian
corridors in the west (Caire et al. 1989; Dalquest et
al. 1990; Roehrs et al. 2008). Previously, no voucher
specimens have been collected from RSWMA, but
63 individuals from 21 localities have been collected
throughout McCurtain County over the past 80 years
(Appendix). We caught this species at two locations
on RSWMA along Push Creek in May (n = 2) and June
(n = 2) and provide two voucher specimens (Table 2;
Appendix). The May netting location was on a levee
between Push Creek and Bittern Lake dominated by
riparian forest habitat whereas the June locality was
in Osage-orange forest (Fig. 1; Table 1). Two females
caught on 21 May 2010 were pregnant, and one of the
two females caught on 25 June 2010 was lactating,
which parallels other reproductive data from L. borealis
in this region (Saugey et al. 1998).

Lasiurus seminolus (Rhoads 1895)
Seminole Bat

L. seminolus was first collected in Oklahoma by
Claud Ward in 1954 from the Little River, McCurtain
County (Glass 1958; Caire and Thies 1987; Caire et al.
1989; Clark and Clark 1997; Appendix). Since 1954,
only two additional voucher specimens have been
captured in Oklahoma; one in Murray County (Caire
and Thies 1987) and another in McCurtain County
on North Cedar Creek (Clark and Clark 1997). We
provide the fourth voucher specimen from Oklahoma
and first capture from RSWMA (Table 2; Appendix).
This individual was captured in a net set over a levee
service road surrounded by riparian forest between
Push Creek and Bittern Lake (Fig. 1; Table 1). This
specimen was a pregnant female captured on 22 May
2010 and had four embryos.

Myotis austroriparius (Rhoads 1897)
Southeastern My otis

M. austroriparius has only been reported from
three southeastern Oklahoma counties (Le Flore, Mc¬
Curtain, Pushmataha; Glass and Ward 1959; Caire et
al. 1989; Jones and Manning 1989). Previously, 12
voucher specimens of this species had been collected
in McCurtain County (Appendix). We captured five
individuals and provide two voucher specimens from
one locality (Table 2; Appendix). All individuals caught

were adult females and none were pregnant, but all
individuals also had bright orange pelage that could
indicate current (or at least recent) maternity colony
roosting (LaVal 1970). These individuals were caught
over an unnamed tributary of Norwood Creek in bot¬
tomland hardwood forest of unit 35 (Fig. 1; Table 1).
These bats were likely roosting in the forest because
no caves are near this locality.

My otis lucifugus (Le Conte 1831)

Little Brown My otis

Despite a distribution covering much of North
America (Fenton and Barclay 1980), M. lucifugus is
only known from two counties in Oklahoma (Delaware
and McCurtain), with all 30 previous voucher speci¬
mens from McCurtain County coming from Beaver’s
Bend State Park from 1954-1967 (Glass and Ward
1959; Caire et al. 1989; Appendix). We add an addi¬
tional voucher specimen and locality from McCurtain
County (Table 2; Appendix). This individual was
caught in May over a small tributary of Norwood Creek
in the bottomland hardwood forest of unit 35 (Fig. 1;
Table 1). This single male was likely roosting in the
forest on, or near RSWMA. A study investigating the
distribution, roosts, and habitat use of M. lucifugus in
Oklahoma is needed, especially considering the impact
of White-Nose Syndrome on this species in the north¬
eastern United States (Cryan et al. 2010).

Canis latrans Say 1823

Coyote

Found across Oklahoma (Caire et al. 1989;
Braun and Revelez 2005), C. latrans is known from
14 voucher specimens collected in McCurtain County
(Appendix). This species was often heard at night on
RSWMA, and we provide a photograph voucher of C.
latrans taken on 2 January 2010 by Berlin A. Heck on
Pintail Lake levee (Figs. 1 and 2b).

Lontra canadensis (Schreber 1777)

North American River Otter

L. canadensis is recovering through natural
population growth and reintroduction from low popu¬
lation numbers and regional extirpation across much

14

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

of its former distribution in North America (Raesly
2001; Barrett and Leslie 2010). Recent research in
Oklahoma documents the presence of this species
across the eastern one-half of the state with some of
the highest densities in southeastern Oklahoma, includ¬
ing McCurtain County (Barrett and Leslie 2010). We
provide a third voucher specimen of L. canadensis for
the county that was a non-target capture in a conibear
trap used to manage C. canadensis on RSWMA (Table
2; Appendix). This specimen was caught along the
levee south of Push Creek under riparian forest in June
(Fig. 1; Table 1) and had no embryos, but was lactating
consistent with known reproductive cycles (Caire et
al. 1989; Lariviere and Walton 1998). With a growing
population of L. canadensis , further ecological data and
monitoring of these populations are required.

Neovison vison (Schreber 1777)

American Mink

N. vison is known from the southeastern three-
quarters of Oklahoma (Caire et al. 1989; Stangl et al.
1992; Lariviere 1999; Braun and Revelez 2005) and
despite being a commonly captured furbearer, only
one voucher specimen exists from McCurtain County
(Appendix). We provide photo documentation of this
species from RSWMA, unit 38, taken by Berlin A. Heck
on 20 May 2010 (Figs. 1 and 2c).

Mephitis mephitis (Schreber 1776)

Striped Skunk

Although voucher specimen records are lacking
for a number of counties in Oklahoma, M. mephitis is
distributed statewide (Caire et al. 1989; Stangl et al.
1992; Braun and Revelez 2005; Roehrs et al. 2008).
Previously, four voucher specimens were collected in
McCurtain County (Appendix). We provide a photo¬
graphic voucher of M. mephitis from RSWMA, unit 44,
taken by Berlin A. Heck on 19 February 2008 (Figs.
1 and 2d).

Procyon lotor (Linnaeus 1758)

Raccoon

P. lotor is documented statewide, although a
number of counties lack voucher specimens (Caire
et al. 1989; Clark and Tumlison 1992; Stangl et al.

1992; Braun and Revelez 2005; Roehrs et al. 2008).
A specimen of this species was first collected in Mc¬
Curtain County in 1968 and P. lotor is represented by
four voucher specimens (Appendix). We provide a
photographic record of this species taken sitting in a
black willow on the south side of the levee separating
units 6 and 8 on 24 May 2010 (by author ZPR; Figs.
1 and 2e). The individual pictured was one of three
subadults seen together. This levee is intermittently
wooded with black willow and cottonwood and is
surrounded by Baccharis shrubland and bottomland
hardwood parkland (Fig. 1; Table 1).

Sus domesticus (Erxleben 1777)

Domestic Pig

Historically included in the species Sus scrofa
(wild boar) a recent ruling of the International Com¬
mission on Zoological Nomenclature has concluded
domesticated populations and feral populations derived
from domesticated stock be assigned to S. domesticus
(Gentry et al. 2004). In the continental United States,
self-reproducing and feral populations of domestic pigs
are found in California and in the south from Florida to
Texas and southern Appalachians to Oklahoma, with
feral populations expanding to the north and south¬
west (Com 2008). Feral populations of domestic pigs
have been reported in almost every county throughout
Oklahoma (Stevens 2010). Few voucher specimens
document this species’ distribution or natural history in
Oklahoma. It is considered abundant in the major river
basins of McCurtain County, especially in the lowlands
along the Red River where RSWMA is located (Stevens
2010). There are three voucher specimens of domestic
pigs collected in 1964 from McCurtain County (Appen¬
dix). Feral populations of domestic pigs are common
on RSWMA and a fair amount of effort is expended to
keep population numbers down through culling. For
example, from 2004-2010, a mean of 95 domestic
pigs per year (range = 62-137/year) were culled from
RSWMA. We provide a photographic voucher of an
individual of this species swimming across the borrow
ditch of unit 5 taken on 8 June 2009 (by author WDA;
Figs. 1 and If). While conducting our surveys, a large
sow was observed on 22 May running as we hiked into
an old pecan orchard (Fig. 1; Table 1). In a number of
other cases domestic pigs were heard as they ran away
from our approach, and signs of domestic pigs (tracks,
trails, wallows) were common on RSWMA.

Roehrs et al.—Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area

15

Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann 1780)
White-tailed Deer

An account of O. virginianus in McCurtain Coun¬
ty first appears in the literature during de la Harpe’s
1719 trip through what is now Oklahoma when he talks
about the hunters taking “roebucks” (Lewis 1924),
but the first voucher specimen for this county was not
collected until the 1970s and only five total voucher
specimens represent this species in McCurtain County
(Appendix). Although we did not collect any specimens

of O. virginianus on RSWMA, both males and females
of this species were observed on a number of occasions
in forest and parkland habitat during the day and in
more open environments near dusk and dawn (Fig. 1;
Table 1). Tracks, trails, and rubs of this species were
also common, and O. virginianus are regularly hunted
successfully by Jack Ferguson on RSWMA (USFS
Technician; personal com.). We provide a photographic
voucher of O. virginianus taken by Berlin A. Heck on
25 July 2007 in Bittern Lake (Figs. 1 and 2g).

Conclusions

When this project started, 599 voucher specimens
represented 48 species of mammals from McCurtain
County. Twenty-eight species of mammals were known
to be present on RSWMA according to area person¬
nel, but prior to our survey only four species had been
collected from RSWMA (G. breviceps. Lynx rufus, R.
fulvescens, S. hispidus). To these data we add one new
county record (C. canadensis ), recorded seven species
not previously known to be present on RSWMA ( L.
borealis, L. seminolus, M. austroriparius, M. lucifugus,
M. pinetorum, M. musculus, R maniculatus), and col¬
lected the first records for 27 mammals from RSWMA,
with most records substantiated by voucher specimens.
However, there are 17 species ( Blarina hylophaga,
Corynorhinus rafinesquii, Lasiurus cinereus, Lepus
californicus. Lynx rufus, Myotis leibii, M. septentri-
onalis, Nycticeius humeralis, Perimyotis subflavus,
Peromyscus attwateri, Scalopus aquaticus, Sciurus
carolinensis, S. niger, Sylvilagus floridanus, Tadarida
brasiliensis, Tamias striatus, Urocyon cinereoargen-
teus) from McCurtain County that were not collected in
this study and further research to elucidate their status
on RSWMA is warranted (Appendix).

It is well known that RSWMA provides important
habitat for migratory birds, waterfowl, reptiles, and

amphibians in Oklahoma and North America. Based
on our results it is an important area for conservation
and future studies of mammals as well. Many of these
mammals are relatively under-studied in Oklahoma
(e.g. B. carolinensis, M. coypus, O. nuttalli, O. texen-
sis, P gossypinus, S. domesticus ) and management of
wetlands on the RSWMA has created an ecosystem
with some of the highest concentrations of O. texensis
recorded in Oklahoma, and also seem to be productive
forL. canadensis, a species of special concern in Okla¬
homa. Although true forest does not make up a large
proportion of RSWMA, forested areas are important
for biodiversity on RSWMA, providing habitat for a
number of species including G. volans, O. nuttalli, and
P. gossypinus. RSWMA provides important roost and
foraging sites in bottomland forest habitats for L. semi¬
nolus, M. austroriparius, and M. lucifugus, all of which
we know little about in Oklahoma. RSWMA also has
a number of introduced species including M. musculus,
M. coypus, and feral populations of S. domesticus, all
of which appear to be a permanent part of the North
American fauna, and RSWMA may be an ideal place
(at least with respect to the latter two species) to study
these species’ ecology, natural history, and impact on
native communities.

Acknowledgments

We thank the U.S. Forest Service and Oklahoma
Department of Wildlife Conservation for funding this
project through State Wildlife Grant T-23-P, admin¬
istered through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and

Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma State University,
Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, U.S.
Geological Survey, Wildlife Management Institute,
and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating). We

16

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

also thank Robert Heinemann, Glenda Robinson and
the Oklahoma State University, Kiamichi Forestry Re¬
search Station for allowing us to stay at their excellent
facilities. Special thanks to Jack Ferguson of the U.S.
Forest Service and Terry Stuart of the Oklahoma De¬
partment of Wildlife Conservation for their assistance
on the ground, access to the area, facilities and equip¬
ment, and sharing their space and knowledge. Janet
Braun of the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural
History, William Caire and Lynda Loucks at the Uni¬
versity of Central Oklahoma Collection of Vertebrates,
Larry Choate of East Central University, and Heath

Gamer at the Museum of Texas Tech University deserve
thanks for their assistance with data collection. We also
thank Karen McBee and Kim Hays of the OSU for all
their work and support. A number of people assisted
us in the field including Brandi Coyner, Andy Crosby,
Richard Dolman, Dana Lee, and Jeremy Wilkinson.
Finally, we thank James Shaw, Janine Powell and the
two anonymous reviewers of this manuscript. Any
use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
U.S. Government.

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Addresses of authors:

Zachary P. Roehrs

Oklahoma State University
Department of Zoology
Stillwater, OK 74078

Current Address:

Department of Biology
Laramie County Community College
Cheyenne, WY 82007
zroehrs@lccc. wy.edu

Justin B. Lack

Oklahoma State University
Department of Zoology
Stillwater, OK 74078
jus tin. lack@okstate. edu

Craig E. Stanley, Jr.

Oklahoma State University
Department of Zoology
Stillwater, OK 74078

Current Address:

Department of Biology
Temple University
Philadelphia, PA 19122
craig.stanley@temple. edu

and values: bottomland hardwoods with special
emphasis on eastern Texas and Oklahoma. U.S.
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87(12). 132 pp.

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176:1-5.

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Henley, B. W. Hoagland, D. S. Arndt, and B. C.
Moran. 2005. Ecoregions of Oklahoma (map scale
1:1,250,000). U.S. Geological Survey, Reston,
Virginia.

Woods, C. A., L. Contreras, G. Wilner-Chapman, and P.
Whidden. 1992. Myocastor coypus. Mammalian
Species 398:1-8.

Christopher J. Seiden

Oklahoma State University
Department of Zoology
Stillwater, OK 74078
cse iden@okstate. edu

Robert Bastarache

U.S. Forest Service
Oklahoma Ranger District
Ouachita National Forest
Route 4, Box 2900
Broken Bow, OK 74728

W. David Arbour

Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation
Route 4, Box 2900
Broken Bow, OK 74728

Meredith J. Hamilton

Oklahoma State University
Department of Zoology
Stillwater, OK 74078
meredith.hamilton@okstate.edu

Roehrs et al.—Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area

21

David M. Leslie, Jr.

U.S. Geological Survey

Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research
Unit

Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, OK 74078
cleslie@usgs.gov

Ronald A. Van Den Bussche
Oklahoma State University

Department of Zoology and Collection of Vertebrates
Stillwater, OK 74078
ron.van_den_bussche@okstate. edu

Appendix

Mammal voucher specimens from McCurtain County. Museum abbreviations follow that of Hafner et al. (1997):
East Central University (ECU), Museum of Texas Tech University (TTU), Oklahoma State University, Collection of
Vertebrates (OSU), Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (OMNH), Sternberg Museum of Natural His¬
tory (MHP), Texas A&M University, Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection (TCWC), United States National Museum
of Natural History (USNM), University of Central Oklahoma, Collection of Vertebrates (UCOCV), University of Il¬
linois, Museum of Natural History (UIMNH), University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History (KU), University of
Michigan, Museum of Zoology (UMMZ), and University of Texas at El Paso, Centennial Museum (UTEP). Previously
collected voucher specimens with bolded numbers were collected on Red Slough Wildlife Management Area. New
voucher specimens are deposited in the OSU Collection of Vertebrates, but are currently uncataloged, so tissue (OK)
or personal collection numbers (ZPR) are reported.

Species

Previous Vouchers

New Vouchers

Didelphis virginiana

ECU 432, OMNH 3077-3078

OK 11740

Dasypus novemcinctus

UCOCV 773, UTEP 4380

Figure 2a

Sciurus carolinensis

KU 166684, OSU 8752,10018,11820,12049,12101,
UCOCV 4445, UTEP 5954-5955

Sciurus niger

OMNH 5944-5946, 15683, OSU 4185, 10019,
UCOCV 4472

Glaucomys volans

OMNH 16941, OSU 12103

OKI 1747

Tamias striatus

OMNH 4446, OSU 10075

Castor canadensis

OK 11739, 11741, 11848-11849

Geomys breviceps

OMNH 5688, OSU 2553-2554,10959,12044,12052,
12102, UMMZ 99763

Ouachita National Forest Office

Microtus pinetorum

ECU 346, OMNH 15689, OSU 9956,10204, UCOCV
4796-4797

OK11812, ZPR-0987

Neotoma ftoridana

KU 41376-41377, OMNH 441, 1010, 3808-3809,
5587-5593, 6985, 7643, UTEP 4326-4327, TCWC
46363,46371-46373

OK11714, 11735, 11742, 11745, 11787,
11802, 11804

22

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

Appendix (cont.)

Ochrotomys nuttalli

OMNH 3803-3806, 19861-19862, OSU 3129

OKI 1727, 11732, 11736, 11743-11744,
11746

Peromyscus attwateri

MHP 30, OMNH 82, 1901, 4525^1528, 5113-5127,
UCOCV 5053, TCWC 46441, UTEP 4330-1331

Peromyscus gossypinus

OMNH 6009,6980-6981,6983-6984,11066-11083,
15686-15687, 15722, 19863-19868, OSU 11680,
TTU 89583-89584, UCOCV 904, 5047, 5311-5329,
UIMNH 11800-11801, UMMZ 129162-129166

OK 11702, 11709, 11711, 11718, 11722,
11724, 11748-11749, 11755-11759,
11770, 11796, 11808, 11810, 11813,
11827,11833,11835,11841

Peromyscus leucopus

OMNH 3802,4978-4979,13865-19869, OSU 1822-
1823, TCWC 46734, UCOCV 1427,1701,5000,5012,
5021-5023, 5054, 5305-5310, 5335-5344

OK 11700, 11705, 11720, 11723, 11725,
11764, 11806, 11819, 11821, 11826,
11845

Peromyscus maniculatus

OMNH 6982, 17054-17059, UCOCV 4937, 4993

OK 11776, 11815, 11817, 11820, 11874

Reithrodontomys fulvescens

OMNH 4029-4032, 19857-19859, TTU 91083,
UCOCV 4745, UIMNH 11765-11766, UTEP
4328-4329

OK 11699, 11704, 11710-11711, 11713,
11726, 11728, 11730, 11750, 11780,
11782, 11805, 11807, 11828, 11834,
11837, 11840

Oryzomys texensis

OMNH 4033-4034, 19850-19854, UIMNH 11739—
11741

OK 11703, 11706-11707, 11716-11717,
11719, 11762, 11769, 11774, 11777—
11778, 11789, 11792, 11811, 11814,
11816, 11825, 11829, 11832, 11836,
11838

Sigmodon hispidus

OMNH 4785, 4787, 6970-6979, TTU 110404,
UCOCV 1400, 1461, 4359-4360, 4451, 4474, 4477,
4494,4496,4503,4506, 4694,4717,5194,5272, 5409,
UIMNH 11828-11836

OK 11701,11715,11721,11729,11733—
11734, 11760-11763, 11765-11766,
11790-11791, 11793-11795, 11797,
11822, 11830, 11843

Mus muscuJus

OMNH 19856

OK 11842

Myocastor coypus

ECU 692

OK 11738

Lepus californicus

TTU 4216

Sylvilagus aquaticus

OMNH 5914, OSU 527, 10068

Figure 2h

Sylvilagus floridanus

OMNH 5915-5919, OMNH 11055

Blarina carolinensis

ECU 319, 345, OMNH 3887, 19860, 36257, OSU
4878

OK 11708, 11737, 11754, 11803, 11824,
11846

Blarina hylophaga

KU 166653, TTU 93948, UCOCV 4411

Cryptotis parva

TTU 92996

OK 11731, 11768, 11771, 11779, 11781,
11783, 11785-11786, 11788, 11799,
11801, 11818, 11831, 11839, 11844,
11847,11850

Roehrs et al.—Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area

23

Appendix (cont.)

Scalopus aquaticus

UCOCV 2002, TTU 92991

Eptesicus fuscus

OMNH 3904-3905, 5868, 287963, OSU 1885, 2365,
2835-2852, 3148, TTU 4308-4309, UCOCV 2091

Lasiurus borealis

OMNH 600,4252-4275,5887,11016-11021,11048,
15690,16327,16532,19855, OSU 2352-2353,2356-
2357,2819,3050,3052,3054,3073,3081,3178-3179,
3182-3183, 3191-3192, 3196-3198, 3200-3202,
6520, TCWC 7660, UCOCV 2064

OK 11800, 11809

Lasiurus cinereus

OSU 3069

Lasiurus seminolus

OSU 2355, UCOCV 1980

OK 11753

Nycticeius humeral is

OMNH 595, 3827-3855, 13864, 16448-16462, OSU
2392-2393,2395,2399-2400,2860,3068,3110,3139,
3187, 3195, 3340, TCWC 7679, TTU 92994-92945,
UCOCV 2104

Perimyotis subflavus

OMNH 3888-3903, 11007, 15717-15719, 16443-
16447, OSU 2376, 2402-2403, TTU 4307, 92998-
92999, UCOCV 1369, USNM 246081

Corynorhinus rafinesquii

OMNH 5871-5874, 7632

Myotis austroriparius

KU 99391, OSU 2853-2854,3051,3055,3064,3194,
3206-3210

OK 11773, 11775

Myotis leibii

OSU 8066

My otis lucifugus

OSU 2332, 2901-2915, 3039, 3103, 3107, 3128,
3132-3133, 3147, 3161, 3165, 3189, 3219, 6540,
6545-6546

OK 11772

Myotis septentrionalis

UCOCV 2093

Tadarida brasiliensis

OSU 3067, UCOCV 2067-2073, 4422

Lynx rufus

OSU 1610, 1662, 9942, 10206, 11157, 11162, 11177,
11182-11184, 11187, 11197, 11203, 11210, 11214,
11220, 11224-11225, 11235, 11241, 11244-11245,

11255, 11268, 11277-11278, 11280, 11289-11291,

11296, 11342, 11366, 11371, 11418, 11430-11431,

11452, 11456, 11467, 11470, 11517, 12187-12189,

12192-12193, 12195-12196, USNM 232415,
234423-234424

Canis latrans

OMNH 2957,9885-9889, OSU 10261, UCOCV 130,
USNM 289155, 289157-289160, 289164

Figure 2b

24

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

Appendix (cont.)

Urocyon cinereoargenteus

OSU 8751

Lontra canadensis

OSU 13280, UCOCV 4244

OK 11798

Neovison vison

ECU 452

Figure 2c

Mephitis mephitis

OMNH 4057,4115, 11084, OSU 11311

Figure 2d

Procyon lotor

OMNH 7554, OSU 10725, 12051, UTEP 4254

Figure 2e

Sus domesticus

ECU 435-436, 440

Figure 2f

Odocoileus virginianus

ECU 439, OSU 8725, 8745, 9617, 11955

Figure 2g

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