SECOND SERIES: PULMONATA. MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OP THE SPECIES. BY GEORGE WAIRYON.UR CONSERVATOR OP THE CONOHOLOQTOAL SECTION OF THB SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA VOL. I. TESTACELLID^E, OLEACINID^E, STREPTAXI VITRINIDJE, LIMACID.E, ARIONID^. PHILADELPHIA : PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, Academy of Natural Sciences, Cor. 19th Sf Race Sts. 1885. . Sicula, Benoit. She has not seen specimens. Genus CHLAMYDEPHORUS, Binney. 0. GIBBONSI, Binney. PL 2, fig. 95. Animal elongate, slender, cylindrical ; dark orange, thickly marbled with dark olive-brown, except on the middle line of the back and margin of the foot, where the maculations are not so thick and the ground-color more apparent, sole of foot whitish ; a round orifice on the dorsal posterior surface, from which radiate furrows ; ocular tentacles short, retractile ; below the inferior, shorter tentacles are two subpellucid prolongations of the sole of the foot, somewhat resembling a third pair of tentacles ; no jaw ; teeth 27'1'27, the central differing from the others only in being smaller, resembling the dentition of Glandina, the lingual ribbon long and broad, the denticles in about 52 chevron- shaped rows. Length of animal, 3 inches. Internal thick shelty plate in fragments, supposed to be hexa- gonal when perfect. Length, 3 mill. Natal. The type and only known specimen is in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy. Mr. Gibbons, who collected it, states that when quiescent the head is withdrawn completely, the two margins of the foot are brought together and the tail doubled under. Genus PLECTROPHORUS, Ferussac. P. ORBIGNII, Ferussac. PL 2, tigs. 96-98. This appears to be an imaginary creature, as no specimens have occurred to the malacologists who have so carefully explored the 2 18 SELENOCHLAMYS. Canary Islands for mollusks. Wollaston writes of it : " It was both described and figured (in 1819) in i Ferussac 's Histoire Nat- urelle, Mollusques,' as Teneriffan, on the authority of M. d'Or- bigny, who, nevertheless made no sort of allusion to it in his subsequent Canarian catalogue, issued in 1839 ! We are almost driven, therefore, to conclude that d'Orbigny must have had some particular reason for refusing admission to it in the portion of Webb and Berthelot's publication which he undertook to compile ; yet since he ignores the subject altogether, and the diagnosis still remains uncommented upon, and uncancelled, in the great work of Ferussac, I scarcely see how we can exactly pass it over, even though the silence of M. d'Orbigny may ap- pear somewhat ominous as regards its true Teneriffan claims. " The most salient character for which the P. Orbignii would seem to be conspicuous (but which appears identical with the main feature of the Testacellas) is the presence of a small ex- ternal Ancylus-like, crotchet-shaped shell, which is carried on the hinder region of the body, at a short distance from the tip, between which and the posterior edge of the shell there is a rough dorsal band. The animal, however, is said distinctly to possess a shield which Testacella does not." — Testacea Atlantica, p. 310. P. CORNINUS, Bosc. Habitat unknown. Probably the figure in Ferussac represents Arion ater with some hardened mucus on its subcaudal gland which has been mistaken for a shell. P. COSTATUS, Bosc. (Unfigured.) Maldives. Only known from a drawing and description sent by a traveler to Favanne. Genus SELENOCHLAMYS, Bottger. S. PALLIDA, Bottger. PI. 26, figs. 3, 4. Animal resembling Daudebardia, but without a shell ; mantle small, posterior, circumscribed by a sulcus ; respiratory orifice on the right side, and anterior; caudal carina elevated, very short ; sole of the foot narrow, tripartite. Length, 13 mill; mantle, *75 mill, long and T5 mill. wide. Kutais ( Transcaucasia}. OLE ACINI VIE. 19 FAMILY OLEACINIDM. Animal with short head, with a retractile, often produced buccal sac ; eyes at the tips of long, cylindrical, retractile peduncles ; inferior tentacles moderate ; foot elongate, narrow, simple posteriorly. Lingual teeth numerous, the transverse rows more or less curved ; central teeth inconspicuous, marginals aculeate, or with a single long recurved apex. Shell spiral, fusiform, corneous, more or less transparent, rarely longitudinally banded ; aperture longitudinal, narrow ; columella twisted or truncated anteriorly. Living in humid situations ; carnivorous. For the habits of the Oleacinidse, see " Structural and Systematic Conchology," iii, 14. Synopsis of Genera. Genus STREBBLIA, Crosse and Fischer, 1868. Shell bulliform, with very short spire, the last whorl nearly the total length of the shell ; columella simple, arcuate, not truncate, peristome simple, acute. Animal much larger than the shell. 1 Mexican species. (Physella, Pfr., 1861, not Hald., 1842, and Spirobulla, Ancey, 1881, are synonyms.) Genus OLEACINA. Bolten, 1798. Shell' oval-oblong, with a thin, olivaceous, shining epidermis; last whorl large, sometimes attenuated at the base ; aperture elliptical-oblong, half or more than half the length of the shell ; columella twisted or truncate below, outer lip simple, frequently somewhat inflected in the middle. 150 species, mostly American and subtropical. Fossil. Cret. — ; Europe. (Polyphemus, Montf., 1810; Glandina, Schum., 1817; Cochli- copa, FeV., 1819; Pfaffia, Behn., 1844.) Section BOLTENIA, Pfr., 1878. (Typical group.) Section VARICELLA, Pfr., 1855. Shell longitudinally plicate or striate, occasionally varicosely thickened, with a few longi- tudinal colored strigations ; columella obliquely truncate, outer lip slightly compressed in the middle. Mexico, Central America, West Indies. Section MELIA, Albers, 1850. (Turritse, Pfr., 1878.) Shell fusiformly turreted, longitudinally subcostate ; whorls rather 20 OLEACINID^. flattened ; columella twisted, obliquely truncate ; aperture nar- row, semioval ; lips simple, submarginate within. Section GLANDINA (Schum.), H. and A. Adams, 1855. (Euglandina, Crosse and Fischer, 1870.) Shell oblong-oval, fusiform, corneous, epidermis thin, shining ; spire more or less elevated, of 6 or 8 whorls; columella thin, arcuated, truncated at base ; aperture rather narrow, longitudinal ; lip simple, sharp. Animal much longer than the shell, when extended ; oculiferous tentacles deflected at the tips, beyond the eyes ; inferior tentacles much shorter, also deflected; lips elongated, tentacular. Pre- daceous. The largest species of the family belong to this group, the shells sometimes attaining a length of over 3 inches. Tropical America ; a few species in the Southern United States. Section POIRETIA, Fischer, 1883. Animal with feebly developed labial palpi ; shell like Glandina. Europe. Section SELASIELLA, Strebel, 1878. Shell very small, glassy, vertically striated ; columella truncated ; labial palpi wanting. Stomach simple, as in Streptostyla (it is double in Glandina). 3 species. Mexico. Genus STREPTOSTYLA, Shuttleworth, 1852. Shell oval-oblong, subcylindrical, last whorl proportionally very large ; aperture elongated, narrow behind ; outer lip simple, inflected in the middle ; columella with a thickened spiral plica- tion at the base. Animal with but slightly developed tentacles ; labial palpi moderate ; foot short ; *stomach simple. 50 species. Tropical America. The shells generally resemble Oleacina, but the columella has a basal fold, instead of being simply truncated. Section STREPTOSTYLA (typical). Shell longitudinally striated. Section CHERSOMITRA (Shuttleworth), Albers, 1860. Shell cylindrical, smooth, shining, usually yellowish; aperture more than half the length of the shell ; outer lip distinctly inflected. Subgenus PETENIA, Crosse and Fischer, 1868. Shell with lengthened spire, colnmella twisted. Animal with tentacles and buccal lobes as in Glandina ; foot truncated behind, having a mucus-pore at the tail. OLEACINID^E. 21 Genus PSEUDOSTJBULINA, Strebel and Pfeffer, 1882. Shell turriculated, narrow, longitudinally plicate-striate, whorls numerous, forming a long spire, last whorl rather small com- pared to the length of the shell ; columella truncated at the base ; peristome simple ; aperture small. Mexico. The shells resemble Subulina, from which it may perhaps be distinguished by its ribs and button-like apex, but the animal has no jaw (agnathous). Genus VOLUTAXIS, Strebel and Pfeffer, 1882. Columella with a basal fold ; not truncate ; whorls, including the embryonal ones, longitudinally ribbed. Differs from the preceding group in apex and columella. It is difficult to separate this and the preceding group conchologically from Subulina and Spiraxis ; indeed, I would not attempt to do this. I have included here merely the species which Strebel places in these new groups, partly from his examination of their lingual dentition, partly from the analogy of external features. The dentition of too few of the species of Spiraxiform shells has been examined to permit any generalizations. It should be remarked that several Stenogyrse examined by Binney possessed the characters which entitle them to their usually assigned posi- tion, whilst a single Spiraxis from Haiti was without jaw, and had the Glandiniform dentition. Genus RAVENIA, Crosse, 1873. Shell allied to Yolutaxis, minute, imperforate, subhyaline, columella spirally twisted, outer lip bent inwards, and armed with a strong tooth in the middle. 1 species. Los Roques, near Curapoa, West Indies. 22 STREBELIA — OLEACINA. Genus STREBELIA, Crosse and Fischer. S. BERENDTI, Pfeiffer. PI. 3, fig. 12, magn. 2-5 times. Shell smooth, shining, fulvous horn-color ; spire short, obtuse, whorls 2J ; columella receding, the aperture wide below. Length, 6 mill. Vera Cruz, Mexico. The only species of the genus. Genus OLEACINA, Bolten, 1798. Section BOLTENIA, Pfeiffer. O. VOLUTA, Chernn. PI. 4, fig. 39. Smooth, shining, greenish, yellowish or orange-brown ; whorls 7-8, rather flattened, suture linear, white-margined. Length, 51 mill. West Indies. The largest species of the section ; it is 0. glans, Brug., and 0. olivacea, Schum. O. ATTENUATA, Pfeiffer. PI. 4, fig. 42. Thin, smooth, very shining, orange-brown, numerously longi- tudinalty, arcuately grooved, suture simple, smooth, whorls 7, rather flat. Length, 31 mill. Central America. O. CYANOZORIA, Gundlach. PI. 4, fig. 43. Shell thin, rather smooth, very shining, pellucid, reddish orange ; whorls 7-J, suture distinctly margined ; outer lip slightly compressed in the middle. Length, 40 mill. Mountains near Trinidad, Cuba. Differs from 0. oleacea by its margined suture, and columella more strongly curved in front. 0. OLEACEA, Fer. PI. 4, figs. 46, 45. Shell thin, very shining, smooth, pellucid, light yellowish or greenish brown; whorls 7-8, suture not margined, or but very slightly so ; outer lip compressed in the middle. Length, 29-37 mill. Cuba, Haiti. 0. straminea, Desh. (fig. 45), is sometimes designated as var. major. For its distinction from 0. cyanozoria, see that species. OLEACINA. 23 0. TRANSLUCIDA, Grundlach. PI. 4, figs. 33, 38. Rather thin, very shining, translucid, yellowish brown , irregu- larly crowded with longitudinal sulcations ; whorls 8, suture submarginate. Length, 18 mill. Guantanamo, Cuba. O. PETHIONIS, Weinland. PI. 11, fig. 83. Rather thin, subpellucid, shining, obsoletely arcuately striate, suture simple ; corneous, with distant, irregular, sinuous chestnut strigations. Length, 22 mill. Port au Prince, Haiti. O. GLABBA, Pfeiflfer. PI. 4, fig. 44. Thin, smooth, shining, light corneous, with distant reddish strigations, fading out on the body-whorl ; whorls 8, suture finely crenulately margined ; outer margin of aperture not incurved in the middle. Length, 28 mill. Porto Rico. 0. INTERRUPTA, Shuttleworth. PL 4, fig. 34. Shell thin, very smooth and shining ; corneous, irregularly strigate with reddish chestnut, with a white band on the peripher}7, and less conspicuous ones towards the base ; whorls 7^, suture narrowly margined, scarcely plicate. Length, 27 mill. Porto Rico. 0. AMBIGUA, Pfeiffer. PL 4, figs. 35, 37. Shell rather solid, smooth, shining, orange-red, with a yellowish band near the suture ; whorls 7, suture simple. Length, 22 mill. Cordova and Huatusco, Mexico. 0. Berendti, Pfeiffer (fig. 31), is a synonym; it is described from a fresh specimen, whilst the original description is appar- ently from a dead shell denuded of epidermis. O. BELLULA, Crosse and Fischer. PL 4, fig. 36. Shell rather thin, smoothish, slightly striated, pellucid ; whorls nearly 8, suture granosely margined ; light-orange red. Length, 21-5 mill. Mexico. 0. LINDONI, Pfeiffer. PL 4, fig. 41. Shell oblong, attenuated below, smooth, shining, light orange- brown ; whorls 7-8, suture submargined ; columella callously thickened. Length, 19-26 mill. Cuba. 0. onychina, Morelet, is a synonym. 24 OLEACTNA. O. ORYSACEA, Rang. PL 27, fig. 2. Elongate, subcylindrical, pellucid, smooth, shining, orange- brown, last whorl narrow, cylindrical, long. Length, 16-20 mill. Cuba. 0. regularis^ Gundlach is a synonym. O. ASSIMILIS, Reeve. PL 4, fig. 40. Smooth, pellucid, very shining, reddish corneous ; whorls 5J, suture margined. Length, 20 mill. Venezuela. 0. OBTUSA, Pfeiffer. PL 4, fig. 55. Smooth, pellucid, corneous ; whorls 5J, suture margined, obso- letely crenulated. Length, 26 mill. Eeal Llejos, Nicaragua. Very closely allied to the preceding species. O. SOLIDULA, Pfeiffer. PL 21, fig. 1 ; PL 4, fig. 49. Shining fulvous, subpellucid, whorls 6, suture submarginate. Length, 13 mill. Cuba; New Providence, Bahamas. 0. paragramma, Morelet, is a thinner variety, subhyaline, spire slightly more acute ; O.folliculus, Gould is another synonym. I have copied a figure from Reeve (fig. 49) which differs consider, ably from the typical form. O. INCERTA, Reeve. PL 4, fig. 53. Shell livid corneous, smooth, shining; whorls 5-6, suture slightly marginate. Length, 12 mill. Cuba. Differs from the preceding species by its shorter spire and more ventricose base. 0. SATURATA, Gundlach. PL 2T, fig. 3. Fusiformly oblong, thin, glabrous, shining, pellucid, corneous or orange-brown, spire short, obtuse, suture submarginate. Length, 11-3 mill. Cuba. Now first figured, from a specimen. 0. SUBULATA, Pfeiffer. PL 4, fig. 54. Shell smooth, pellucid, orange-brown, with an opaque line below the suture. Length, 12 mill. Cuba. OLEACINA. 25 0. CLERIEI, Weinland. PL 4, fig. 48. Shell smooth, brightly shining, yellowish brown, whorls 7. Length, 11 mill. Woods near Jeremie, Haiti. O. POEYANA, Pfeiffer. PI. 4, fig. 50. Shell smooth, shining, yellowish corneous, with a few longi- tudinal grooves ; suture nearly simple, whorls 6, the first four regularly increasing, the penultimate much longer, the last decidedly descending in front. Length, 12-13 mill. Cuba. 0. OTTONIS, Pfeiffer. PI. 4, fig. 47. Shell yellowish corneous, shining ; whorls 6^, upper ones finely longitudinally plicate, suture crenulate. Length, 13 mill. Cuba. 0. semistriata, Morelet, is a synonym. 0. INCTSA, Pfeiffer. PL 4, fig. 51. Fusiformly oblong, smooth, shining, light yellowish brown; whorls 7, subplicate, plicae evanescent on the body-whorl, suture smooth, submarginate. Length, 15 mill. Cuba. 0. PAIVANA, Pfeiffer. PL 4, fig. 52. Shell sinistral, thin, smooth, with here and there an impressed longitudinal line, pellucid, orange-brown ; whorls 1-8, the last descending, suture linear ; aperture very narrow, dilated at the base; columella narrowly truncate, outer lip sinuous, receding at the base. Length, 15 mill. Haiti. Unfgured and Doubtful Species. O. NYSTIANA, Pfr. Length, 47 mill. Hab. unknown. 0. SMITHIANA, Pfeiffer. Haiti. 0. OBLONGA, Pfeiffer. Near Vera Cruz, Mexico. O. CONULARIS, Pfeiffer. Mexico. 0. PULCHELLA, Pfeiffer. Chiapa, Mexico. O. MARGARITACEA, Pfeiffer. Cordova, Mexico. O. FOLLICULARIS, Morelet. Isle of Pines, Cuba. 0. WRIGHTII, Pfeiffer. Vinales and Bayamo, Cuba. O. TERES, Pfr. Buena Vista, Distr. Bayamo, Cuba. 26 OLE AGIN A. 0. ANTONIANA, Pfr. (Achatina hyalina, Anton, not Rang). N. America. O. MINUTISSIMA, Guppy. Trinidad, W. I. O. CRENULATA (Sowb. ?), Anton. Central America. O. SICILIS, Morelet. Guajaibon, Cuba. Section VARICELLA, Pfeiffer. O. ORIZABA, Pfeiffer. PI. 3, fig. 1. Olivaceous brown, shining, longitudinally striated, with irregular, lighter-colored varices ; whorls 7J, suture slightly margined. Length, 42 mill. Orizaba, Mexico. 0. MONILIFERA, Pfeiffer. PI. 3, fig. 2. Thin, pellucid, regularly costate, striae becoming evanescent in the middle of the penultimate whorl ; rosy orange, with a few chestnut, light-margined strigations ; whorls 7, suture granulose. Length, 29 mill. Cobanand Vera Paz , Guatemala ; Cordova and Chiapa, Mexico. 0. rubella, Morelet, is a synonym. Crosse and Fischer de- scribe a Yar. /?, lighter-colored, somewhat narrower, sculpture distinct on the penultimate whorl, etc. O. CORDOVANA, Pfr. PI. 3, fig. 4. Longitudinally plicate, shining, corneous, varices subflexuose, light chestnut ; whorls 7-J, suture marginate, nodosely crenate. Length, 29 mill. Cordova, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. O. LEUCOZONIAS, Walch. PI. 3, fig. 5. Longitudinally striate, shining, chestnut-color, with several remote undulating irregular white strigations. Length, 46 mill. Martinique, West Indies. This is Achatina albolineata, Lam. 0. DOMINICENSIS, Gmelin. PI. 3, fig. 3. Thin, closely costulate-striate, shining, reddish rose-color, with wide, distant, undulating chestnut strigations, whorls 7. Length, 34 mill. Haiti. The synonyms are Sulla turrita and B. maculata, Chemn., Achatina fuscolineata, Lam., and Polyphemus Bruguiereus, Bowd. OLEACINA. 27 O. SPECIOSA, Pfeiffer. PI. 3, fig. 11. Finely plicate, shining, corneous, with irregular distant sub- flexuous white varices ; whorls 8, suture elegantly nodulous- crenate. Length, 29 mill. Cordova, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. 0. PROCERA, Adams. PI. 3, fig. 9. Finely plicate, costate, shining, diaphanous, whitish, with longitudinal wide irregular chestnut blotches, interrupted on the last whorl about the periphery ; whorls 10, suture well impressed. Length, 30 mill. Jamaica. Figured from an authentic specimen. O. PHILIPPIANA, Pfeiffer. PI. 3, fig. 10. Narrowly costulate, rather thin, shining, grayish orange, with wide chestnut irregular strigations ; whorls 9, irregularly vari- cose, suture impressed, submarginate. Length, 29 mill. Jamaica. Yar. ELEGANS, Adams. Costulse finer, strigations narrower. O. GRIFFITHSI, Adams. PI. 3, fig. 8. Finely costulate, yellowish, corneous, sparsely strigate with chestnut ; whorls 10, the last impressed in the middle, outer lip dilated towards the base, somewhat thickened within, whitish. Length, 22 mill. Jamaica. 0. LIGATA, Adams. PI. 3, fig. 7. Longitudinally closely striate, shining, orange-brown, with distant irregular chestnut strigations, suture impressed, whorls 8, varicose, the last sulcately constricted in the middle. Length, It mill. Jamaica. 0. DENTICULATA, Weinland. PI. 11, fig. 99. Shell thin, pellucid, milky hyaline, with impressed arcuate striae; whorls 7, suture simple; outer lip compressed in the middle, where it is furnished with a small tooth. Length, 17 mill. Port au Prince, Haiti. 28 OLEACINA. O. JAMAICENSIS, Pfeiffer. PL 3, fig. 6. Finely costulate, shining, whitish, with occasional chestnut strigations ; whorls 10, frequently varicose, the last becoming smooth below the periphery, suture crenulate, submarginate. Length, 22 mill. Jamaica. 0. TRINITARIA, Gundl. PI. 3, fig. 13. Shell thin, pellucid, yellowish brown, irregularly sculptured by impressed striae and occasional varices ; whorls 8, with mod- erate suture. Length, 27 mill. Mountains near Trinidad, Cuba. 0. GUNDLACHI, Pfeiffer. PI. 3, fig. 14. Thin, smooth, pallid corneous, indistinctly varicose ; whorls 7, suture lightly crenulated. Length, 15 mill. Letran, Cuba. Smaller than the preceding species, with more acute apex, the varices indistinct, suture crenulated, the outer lip more rounded. O. STIGMATICA, Shuttle worth. PI. 3, fig. 18. Thin, obsoletely thinly striate, shining, corneous, with distant longitudinal chestnut strigations ; whorls 7, suture very narrowly margined and minutely crenulated ; outer lip chestnut-margined. Length, 14 mill. Cordova, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. O. VENUSTA, Pfeiffer. PI. 3, fig. 16. Thin, pellucid, closely striate, rosy, with white and chestnut longitudinal strigations; whorls 7, suture margined; columella sub vertical, twisted, lip sometimes white-margined within. Length, 18 mill. Jamaica. The color is sometimes a uniform yellowish rose. 0. NEMORENSIS, Adams. PL 3, fig 15. Shell thin, shining, pellucid, closely longitudinally striate, rose-orange, with irregular longitudinal chestnut strigations ; whorls 7, suture submargined ; outer lip receding below the middle. Length, 20 mill. Jamaica. OLEACINA. 29 O. INGALLSTANA, Adams. PI. 3, fig. 28. Light brownish, with a few dark chestnut strigations, longi- tudinally numerously minutely striate ; whorls 7, suture im- pressed, finely thread-like. Length, 19 mill. Jamaica. O. SIMILTS, Adams. PL 3, fig. 17. Differs from 0. nemorensis by its more rectilinear spire, more polished surface, with a few very minute striae, and wider brown markings ; spire shorter and stouter than in 0. Phillipsii. Length, 18 mill. Jamaica. O. NITIDA, Adams. PI. 3, fig. 19. Shell polished, shining, reddish, with four or five varicose darker strigations in each whorl; whorls 7-8, suture well im- pressed. Length, 24 mill. Jamaica. Unfigured Species. O. BIPLTCATA, Weinland and Martens. Haiti. 0. DELICATULA, Shuttl. Vera Cruz, Mexico. O. COSTULOSA, Adams. Jamaica. O. PTYCHORAPHE, Weinland and Martens. Haiti. 0. GUADELOUPENSIS, Pfeiffer. Guadeloupe, W. I. 0. BOUCARDI, Pfeiffer. San Martin, Mexico. 0. TEXTA, Weinland and Martens. Jeremie, Haiti. 0. ANGIOSTOMA, Adams. Jamaica. 0. UNICOLOR, Adams. Jamaica. Section MELIA, Albers. 0. SIMPLEX, Strebel. PI. 3, fig. 20. Somewhat pellucid, shining, corneous, with a pellucid band at the suture, becoming subturgid on the last whorl ; whorls 6J, with small close plications, stronger towards the suture, and close fine spiral impressed lines. Length, 31 mill. Oajaca, Mexico. Glandina turris, Martens (not Pfeiffer), is a 30 OLEACINA. O. MULTISPIRA, Pfeiffer. PI. 3, fig. 25. Thin, shining, longitudinally striulate, corneous, with indis- tinct irregular pale strigations ; whorls 10, subplicate below the suture — which is crenulately margined. Length, 25 mill. Juquilla, Mexico. O. GAYANA, Adams. PI. 3, fig. 26. Thin, pellucid, yellowish, very finely plicatulate ; whorls 7, with short, remote reddish strigations below the simple suture. Length, 21 mill. Jamaica. 0. PORTOBTCENSIS, Pfr. PL 3, fig. 21, magn. 3. Shining, smooth, with irregular impressed longitudinal lines, light corneous, with irregular chestnut strigations. Length, 21 mill. Porto Rico, W. I. 0. R'usei, Pfeiffer, is a S37nonym. O. TEREBR^EFORMIS, Shuttleworth. PI. 3, fig. 22, magn. f . Shell thin, very smooth, shining, with remote irregular im- pressed longitudinal lines ; reddish corneous, with occasional chestnut strigations ; whorls 7-8, suture well impressed. Length, 13 mill. Near Ceiba, and Rio Blanco, Porto Rico. 0. SULCULOSA, Shuttleworth. PI. 3, fig. 29. Smooth, thin, shining, with rather strongly impressed lines ; light corneous, with narrow chestnut strigations ; whorls 7. Length, 10 mill. Porto Rico. Smaller, and differing in sculpture from the preceding species. O. PHILLIPSII, Adams. PI. 3, fig. 30, magn. f . Longitudinally striulate, shining, light corneous, with occa- sional chestnut strigations which do not reach the base of the last whorl ; whorls 8, suture margined, subcrenulate. Length, 20 mill. Jamaica. O. CURVILABRTS, Pfeiffer. PL 3, fig. 23, magn. f. Diaphanous, shining, finely costulate, yellowish brown, remotely strigate with white ; whorls 8, suture margined. Length, 16 mill. Jamaica. OLEACINA. 31 O. PROPINQUA, Adams. PI. 3, fig 31. Ribbed, striate, shining, corneous, with subarcuate, usually white-margined, chestnut strigations ; whorls 7-8. Length, 14 mill. Jamaica. Figured from a small specimen in the Swift Collection. 0. PERPLEXA, Adams. PL 3, fig. 27. Finely striate, subpellucid yellowish brown, with chestnut, somewhat curved lines ; whorls 6J, suture impressed. Length, 8 mill. Jamaica. Figured from a specimen in the Philadelphia Academy. 0. VICINA, Adams. PL 3, fig. 32. Resembles a diminutive 0. Phillipsii, but the longitudinal striae closer, nowhere fasciate with chestnut, the subsutural marginal line more remote, the spire shorter. Length, 12 mill. Jamaica. 0. ARCUATA, Pfeiffer. PL 3, fig. 24. . Subulate, whorls 8, flattened, smooth, polished, with rather distant fine impressed longitudinal striae ; yellowish corneous with an occasional chestnut strigation. Length, 1 inch. Jamaica. Unfigured Species. 0. PERLUCENS, Guppy. Dominica, W. I. O. BLANDIANA, Adams. Jamaica. O. PROXIMA, Adams. Jamaica. Section GLANDINA, H. and A. Adams. 0. ISABELLINA, Pfeiffer. PL 5, fig. 65. Shell thin, pellucid, minutely spirally striate ; whorls 6, suture margined by an impressed line. Length, 26 mill. Mexico. O. AURANTIACA, Angas. PL 5, fig. 67. Moderately thin, smooth, shining, bright tawn}*- orange, darker towards the base of the columella ; whorls 5J, suture impressed, purplish. Length, 23 mill. Costa Rica^ hilly country. Somewhat allied to 0. isabellina, but smaller, of different color and texture, quite smooth, and has the banded suture. 32 OLEACINA. 0. ORNATA, Pfeiffer. PI. 5, fig. 57. Crowded with regular longitudinal costulae, pellucid, orange- red ; whorls 8, suture margined by a crenulated sulcus. Length, 72 mill. New Granada. 0, costulata, Pfeiffer, is a synonym. O. TRUNCATA, Gmelin. PI. 4, fig. 56 ; PL 5, figs. 58, 60. Shell solid, with crowded longitudinal plicate striae and occa- sional sulci ; whorls 6, suture subcrenulately margined ; ash-rose or rose-yellow. Length, 65 mill. So. Carolina to Florida. This is 0. striata, Desh., and Polyphemus glans, Say. 0. PARALLELA, W. G. Bmney. PI. 5, fig. 59, Shell solid, shining, rose-yellow or whitish, eyiindricsUy elevated, the sides compressed, subparallel; longitudinally plicate-striate. Length, 55 mill. Louisiana, Texas. Is possibly only a variety of the last species. O. BULLATA, Gould. PI. 6, fig. 75. Thin, pellucid, shining, reddish corneous to whitish, closely longitudinally plicate-striate; whorls 5, the last inflated, suture undulating, submargined with white. Length, 38 mill. Louisiana. Possibly a form of 0. truncata, Gmel. 0. STRIATA, Mu'ller. PI. 5, fig. 64. Solid, longitudinally finely striate-plicate ; whorls 7-8, suture margined, crenulated • yellowish white, or light pink-yellow, inconspicuously narrowly striped with reddish brown. Length, 56 mill. Bolivia, Cayenne, N. Granada. The synon3^ms are Helix ienera, Gmel., H. incumbens, Dillw., 0. Mulleri, Gray, arid 0. dactylus, Brod. O. LTNEATA, Strebel. PL 8, fig. 3. Yellowish flesh-color, with margined suture ; the longitudinal plicate striae crossed by fine spiral lines. Length, 45-49 mill. Mexico. Somewhat related to the preceding species in coloring, but differs in size and sculpture. OLEACINA. 33 O. STRIGOSA, Martens. PL 8, fig. 2. Closely plicately striate, crossed by minute spiral striae, rosy yellow, occasionally narrowly chestnut-striped ; suture crenu- lated, margined. Length, 54 mill. Mexico. Strebel considers this a variety of 0. striata. O. ALABASTKINA, Albers. PI. 5, fig. 61. Solid, closely regularly plicate-striate, whitish, shining ; whorls 7, suture margined, denticulate-crenulate. Length, 51 mill. Tabasco, Central America. O. MARMINII, Desh. PL 5, fig. 72. Shell thin, pellucid, white, broadly longitudinally plicate, suture elegantly crenated. Length, 53 mill. Habitat unknown. O. SEMISULCATA, Desh. PL 5, fig. 63. Regularly plicate-striate, becoming smooth at the base, orange- brown, distantly strigate with chestnut. Length, 37 mill. Habitat unknown. O. FLEXUOSA, Pfeiffer. PL 5, fig. 68. Solid, longitudinally flexuously plicate-striate ; fulvous, with narrow chestnut strigations ; whorls 7, the last deflected towards the aperture, suture subcrenated. Length, 53 mill. Aux Cayes, Haiti. O. TURRTS, Pfeiffer. PL 5, fig. 62. Closely slightly costate-striate, rather thin, diaphanous, pink white ; whorls 7, suture margined ; aperture subdilated below. Length, 43 mill. Mazatlan. 0. STREBELI, Angas. PL 5, fig. 69. Thin, shining, finely longitudinally striate, the striae nearly obsolete on the last whorl ; olive-green ; whorls 5^, suture simply impressed. Length, 23 mill. Costa Rica. O. ANOMALA, Angas. PL 5, fig. 66. Thin, shining^ yellowish olive-green, dark brown towards the . apex, flatly longitudinally striate, striae becoming obsolete on the lower portion of the whorls, especially the last ; whorls 7, suture granulated. Length, 35 mill. Costa Eicaj hilly regions. 3 34 OLEACINA. O. CYLINDRUS, Martens. PL 8, fig. 8. Closely, lightly ribbed-striate, somewhat thin, white ; whorls 7, apex very obtuse ; suture elegantly crenulated, but without a distinct impressed line. Length, 39 mill. t Columbia, S. A. O. LUCID A, Strebel. PL 8, fig. 4. Orange-brown, acutely and closely plicate; whorls 5£, suture lightly creriate. Length, 41 mill. New Granada. 0. FILOSA, Pfeiffer. PL 6, fig. 76. Solid, longitudinally closely threaded-plicate, light rosy ; whorls 6, suture subsimple ; aperture reddish. Length, 39 mill. Orizaba, Mexico. Yar. MAJOR, Crosse and Fisher. Reddish brown, columella strongly curved. Length, 42 mill. O. ALBERSI, Pfeiffer. PL 6, fig. 84. Shell thin, closely longitudinally striate, pellucid, light red- dish ; whorls 5J-6, suture subsimple. Length, 30 mill. Mazatlan, West Coast of Mexico. O. TURGIDA, Pfeiffer. Orange-brown; lightly, closely striated, scarcely shining; whorls 7, suture smoothly crenulated. Length, 30 mill. An unfigured species. Juquila, Mexico. O. CONFERTA, Pfeiffer. PL 8, fig. 6. Somewhat thin, pellucid, yellowish, shining, closely plicate- striate ; whorls 8, suture submargined. Length, 25 mill. Juquila, Mexico. 0. DIFFICILIS, Crosse and Fischer. PL 6, fig. 78. Rather thin, longitudinally striate, body-whorl becoming smooth below the middle ; light orange-red ; whorls 7^, suture rather irregularly impressed. Length, 20 mill. Mexico. A slightly contorted columella reminds one of the genus Streptostyla. 0. TEXASIANA, Pfeiffer. PL 6, fig. 82. Moderately solid, pellucid, closely longitudinally striate, orange-rose color; whorls 6, suture minutely denticulated, lighter-colored. Length, 29 mill. Texas. OLEACINA. 35 O. PSEUDOTURRIS, Strebel. PI. 8, fig. 7. Like 0. isabellina, but with closer, more distinct striae, not tuberculate at the suture ; whorls 6^ ; columella strongly twisted, not inflated above, but excavated. Length, 26 mill. Juquila, State of Oajaca, Mexico. Described from a single imperfect specimen. 0. TORTILLANA, Pfeiffer. PI. 6, fig. 79. Moderately solid, with regular, close, longitudinal striae, pellucid, shining, light corneous, with irregular, opaque, yel- lowish brown strigations and maculations ; whorls 7-J, suture submarginate. Length, 20 mill. Tortilla,, Central America. O. YUCATANENSIS, Pfeiffer. PI. 8, fig. 10. Hyaline fulvous ; closely longitudinally plicate-striate ; whorls 6, suture margined, denticulated. Length, 23 mill. Yucatan. This is 0. Largillierti, var., of Crosse and Fischer. It may be compared with 0. carnea, Pfeiffor. O. NANA, Shuttleworth. PI. 6, fig. 80. Rather thin, regularly closely sulcate-costulate, fuscous, light- banded at the suture ; whorls 6. Length, 13 mill. Cordova, Mexico. O. SUBEMARGINATA, Desll. PI. G, fig. 77. Shell thin', hyaline, longitudinally, thinly, obsoletely striated ; brownish red ; whorls 6^, the last obtuse at base, suture subcan- aliculate and thinly plicate. Length, 42 mill. Habitat unknown. O. MITRIFORMIS, Angas. PI. 7, fig. 94. Moderately thin, shining, irregularly obsoletely striated, striae finer and closer on the upper whorls ; olive-chestnut, with a narrow yellow zone next the suture, aperture lilac ; whorls 5. Length, 28 mill. Costa Eica. Described from a single specimen collected by the late W. M. Gabb. O. POLITA, Strebel. PL 8, fig. 14. Rather thin, translucent, very shining, brownish yellow, longi- tudinally plicate. Length, 16 mill. Mexico. Described from a single specimen. 36 OLEACINA. * Decussated. O. LIGNARIA, Reeve. PI. 6, figs. 81, 85. Rather thin, closely striate, decussated by remote, impressed spiral lines, which are slighter towards the base, scarcely shining ; red-brown, with irregular chestnut strigations ; whorls 8, suture rudely crenulated. Length, 94-116 mill. Mexico. Strebel considers this a form of 0. Sowerbyana. O. FUSIFORMIS, Pfeifler. PI. 6, fig. 88. Thin, closely longitudinally costulate, reticulated by minute spiral lines, orange-red, with deeper-colored apex, irregularly strigate ; whorls 7-8, suture margined ; columella and margin of aperture reddish. Length, 87 mill. Coban and Vera Paz, Central America. Yar. STRAMINEA, Crosse and Fischer. Straw-color, strigate with light orange-red, apex and outer margin of aperture reddish, interior pearly white. 0. SOWERBYANA, Pfeiffer. PL 6, fig. 86. Rather thin, diaphanous, closely longitudinally plicate, granu- larly decussated by irregular spiral striae ; orange-red, with distant chestnut strigations ; whorls 7, suture crenulated, white- margined. Length, 88 mill. Mexico. O. ESTEFANI^E, Strebel. PI. 8, fig. 5. Differs in form principally from 0. Sowerbyana, of which Strebel originally considered it a variety. Length, 60 mill. Mexico. O. AURATA, Morelet. PI. 6, fig. 83. Solid, opaque, shining, violaceous orange, granulately decus- sated ; whorls 6, suture white, margined, denticulated ; margin of aperture somewhat thickened, pearly within. Length, 87 mill. Vera Paz, Guatemala (in woods). O. DISTINGUE NBA, Tryon. PI. 8, fig. 13. This shell, figured by Strebel as a narrow variety of 0. aurata, is immediately separable from that species by its slim form. Length, 72 mill. Mexico. OLEACTNA. 37 O. CORONATA, Pfeiffer. PI. 6, fig. 87. Rather thin, subdiaphanous, closely longitudinally plicate, irregularly decussated by distant impressed spiral lines, which become obsolete below the middle of the body-whorl, reddish, with chestnut maculations becoming lighter below; whorls 7, suture coronated with distant teeth. Length, 88 mill. Mexico. 0. GUTTATA, Crosse and Fischer. PL 7, fig. 92. Rather thin, subdiaphanous, somewhat shining; longitudinally plicate-striate, granularly decussated by distant spiral impressed lines, evanescent below the- middle of the last whorl ; reddish brown, with irregular chestnut strigations and yellowish white maculations ; whorls 7, suture unequally, subdistantly dentate- coronate ; aperture somewhat pearly, shining, light reddish brown. Length, 69 mill. Pueblo, , Mexico. O. LIEBMANNI, Pfeifler. PI. 7, fig. 91. Solid, longitudinally plicate, closely obsoletely decussated by spiral lines in the interstices ; whitish ; whorls 8, suture elegantly crenulated. Length, 67 mill. Mexico. 0. striata, Reeve, is a synonym. 0. PLICATULA, Pfeiffer. PI. 7, fig. 96. Thin, diaphanous, slightly shining, closely longitudinally plicately striate, obsoletely decussated by spiral lines ; brownish red; whorls 7, suture margined, minutely crenulated. Length, 60 mill. Andes, New Granada. Yar. CINNAMOMEO-FUSCA. With obsolete lighter maculations. Venezuela. Yar. PINICOLA. Rather smaller, thin, moderately shining, obsoletely rudely plicate, rather distantly decussated by spiral striae ; orange-red, with very few white varices ; suture irregu- larly dentate-crenate. Length, 50 mill. Guatemala. O. FULMINEA, Ferussac. PL 7, fig. 90. Finely decussated, alternately maculated and strigated with reddish violet and white ; whorls 8-9, suture waved. Length, 64 mill. Habitat unknown. A remarkable species, the type of which was in the Delessert Collection. 38 OLEACJNA. 0. SUBVARICOSA, Albers. PL 7, fig. 89. Thin, subarcuately plicate, closely spirally slriate ; light red- dish, irregularly strigate with white and orange-brown, subvari- cose ; whorls 7, suture whitish, crenulated. Length, 61 mill. • Venezuela. O. UHDEANA, Martens. PI. 9, fig. 26. Closely rather obsoletely plicate, partially reticulately decus- sated by impressed spiral lines ; somewhat shining ; rosy brown, with a few brown and white strigations ; whorls 7 j suture irregu- larly dentate. Length, 67 mill. Vera Cruz, Mexico. Said to be closely allied to 0. subvaricosa, Albers. It may possibly also equal 0. Coulteri, Gray. O. COGNATA, Strebel. PI. 8, fig. 9. Rather solid, light brownish yellow, darker towards the apex, whitish within, becoming brownish red towards the margin, occasionally strigately thickened ; sculpture as in 0. Uhdeana, but more feebly marked. Length, 56 mill. Tehuantepec, Mexico. O. NYMPHA, Crosse and Fischer. PI. 7, fig. 97. Rather solid, longitudinally, irregularly ribbed-striate, with undulating impressed spiral lines ; whorls 8, suture irregularly, shortly denticulate-crenate. Length, 60 mill. Mexico. O. ROSEA, Ferussac. PI. 7, fig. 95. Somewhat attenuated at both extremities, orange-rose color, closely striated, granulated between the striae ; whorls 6 J, suture margined and denticulated. Length, 60 mill. Central America. Tar. fl. Yellowish orange. Yar. 7-. Subelongate, ovately fusiform, suture and aperture red-margined. The s}Tnonymy includes 0. Cumingn, Beck, and 0. Petiti, var., Strebel, who unites it with that species. O. PETITI, Deshayes. PI. 7, fig. 98- Rather solid, very closely longitudinally plicate-striate, n'ar- OLEACINA. 39 rowly spirally striate ; light orange-yellow; whorls 6, suture crenulately margined. Length, 40 mill. Vicinity of Lake Nicaragua. Strebel unites this with the preceding species. O. YANUXEMTT, Lea. PL 7, fig. 99. Thin, pellucid, decussated by longitudinal and spiral striae to about the middle of the body -whorl ; orange-rose color ; whorls 6, suture crenulated. Length, 53 mill. Mexico, Texas. O. SACCATA, Pfeiffer. PL 9, fig. 22. Rather solid, plicately striate, decussated by very minute spiral lines, sculpture smoother below, on the body-whorl, the base somewhat distended ; reddish corneous ; whorls 6^, suture closely crenulated, thread-margined. Length, 56 mill. Ecuador. O. AMCENA, Martens. PL 7, fig. 100. Closely striulate, decussated by fine undulating spiral lines, shining, rosy orange ; whorls 7, suture crenate. Length, 45 mill. Mexico. Var. ft. PLTCULOSA. Larger, more solid, with obsoletely impressed longitudinal plications, the spiral lines obsoletely whitish cor- neous. Strebel makes this species a variety of 0. Audebardi. 0. INSIGNIS, Pfeiffer. PL 7, fig. 1. Somewhat solid, rather distantly distinctly plicate, the inter- stices finely decussately granulated ; rose-red, the plications lighter; whorls 7, suture margined by an impressed line, and regularly denticulate. Length, 48 mill. Jalisco, Mexico. 0. Liebmanni, form D ? of Strebel. 0. LONGULA, Crosse and Fischer. PL 9, fig. 20. Rather thin, obsolete!}' plicately striate, decussated by finer spiral striae ; orange-straw color, white within ; whorls 7, suture elegantly crenulated, not margined. Length, 45 mill. E. San Juan, Mexico. O. RADULA, Strebel. PL 8, fig. 15. Longitudinally closely plicate, denticulating the suture ; whorls 7, color ? (only specimen denuded of epidermis). Length, 40 mill. Tehuantepec, Mexico. 40 OLEACINA. O. CARMINENSIS, Morelet. PL 9, fig. 25. Rather solid, closely plicate, very minutely decussated, brown- ish rose-color to whitish, here and there strigate with chestnut ; whorls 7, suture narrowly granularly margined. Length, 48 mill. Isl. Carmen, Lake Yucatan. A variety /9: yellowish white and smaller, is described by Crosse and Fischer. O. DECUSSATA, Deshayes. PL 9, fig. 28. Moderately solid, closely longitudinally striate, decussated by thinner spiral striae ; reddish brown or corneous ; whorls 7, suture margined and crenulated ; columella twisted. Length, 45 mill. Mexico, lex as. 0. corneola, W. Gr. Binney, is a synonym. The shell is closely related to the preceding species. 0. EQUADORIANA, Pfeiffer. PL 9, fig. 19. Somewhat solid, finely regularly plicate-striate, sometimes dichotomous, spirally interruptedly very minutely lineated ; shining, reddish corneous ; whorls 7, suture thread-margined and rudely granulated. Length, 62 mill. Val de Pilaton, Ecuador. O. TENELLA, Strebel. PL 8, fig. 11. Shell thin, pellucid, plications less crowded than in 0. decus- sata, flatter and unequal, the spiral striae less distinct; light yellowish pink, darker towards the suture and on the peristome and columella ; whorls 6, suture margined ; columella slightly twisted. Length, 35 mill. Near Vera Cruz, Mexico. O. GHIESBREGHTI, Pfeiffer. PL 8, figs. IB, 18. Thin, closely longitudinally plicate, decussated by very narrow spiral striae ; orange-white, peristome darker-bordered ; whorls 7, turgid and subangulated above, suture crenulately thread- margined ; columella obliquely plicate towards the base. Length, 52 mill. Chiapa, Mexico. Yar. f): MINOR. Very light olivaceous yellow, whorls 6, inte- rior pearly white, peristome bordered with light rose-color, OLEACINA. 41 columella obliquety plicate at the base. Described and figured by Crosse and Fischer. 0. AUDEBARDI, Deshayes. PL 9, fig. 27. Shell thin, hyaline, light orange-red, lightly plicate-striate, crossed by thin spiral striae ; whorls 6^, suture crenately mar- gined ; columella concave, twisted. Length, 62 mill. Central America. O. MIRADORENSIS, Strebel. PI. 8, fig. 17. Shell translucent, shining, brownish flesh-color ; irregularly longitudinally plicate, the plicae becoming sharper towards the suture and obsolete towards the base, crossed by rather sharp spiral striae ; suture crenulated, margined, subhyaline. Length, 46 mill. Mirador, Mexico. First figured by Strebel as a form of 0. Audebardi. 0. INDUSIACA, Pfeiffer. PL 9, fig. 21. Moderately solid, rugosely longitudinally striate, crossed by close revolving striae ; 3rellowish brown, with here and there the remnants of a chestnut-colored epidermis ; whorls 5J, suture subcrenate ; last whorl subinflated, the spiral sculpture obsolete below the middle ; columella subvertical ; aperture pearly within. Length, 43 mill. Oajaca, Mexico. 0. CARNEA, Pfeiffer. PL 7, fig. 93. Moderately solid, diaphanous, shining, decussated by striae which become obsolete inferiorly ; orange-rose color; whorls 6, suture closely, elegantly denticulated. Length, 27 mill. Central America, Mexico. This is 0. turris, Desh., and 0. Yucatanensis, Strebel. 0. CYLINDRACEA, Phillips. PL 8, fig. 12. Moderately thick, pellucid, finely longitudinally striated, the striae crossed by very minute lines ; very pale flesh-color ; whorls 7, suture crenulated. Length, 29 mill. Yucatan. Only known by the outline figure, of which I give a copy ; it is very probably identical with! the preceding species— over which it has priority of publication. 42 OLEACINA. Unfigured and Undetermined Species. 0. BINNEYANA, Pfr. Like 0. striata, Mull. ; spire shorter, colu- mella arcuate, etc. Vera Paz, Guatemala. O. CANDIDA, Shuttleworth. A little like 0. turris, Pfr. ; form more like that of 0. algira, Brug. Mexico. 0. COULTERI, Gray. I have not access to the publication in which this species is described and figured. It is possibly a large form of 0. Uhdeana, Martens. 0. CONSPERSA, Pfeiffer. Hob. unknown. O. LARGILLIERTI, Pfeiffer. May be compared with 0. Yucata- nensis, Pfr. Yucatan. O. DECIDUA. Pfeiffer. Juquila, Mexico. 0. BRUGUIEREA, Fer., 0. GLANDULA, F£r., O. MARMOREA (Perry) Fer., 0. TIARELLA, F6r., 0. FIMBRIATA, Beck, O. GRACILIS, Beck — all undescribed and undetermined. Section POIRETIA, Fischer, 1883. 0. ALGIRA, Brug. PL 5, figs. 70, 71 ; PI. 6, figs. 73, 74. Thin, closely longitudinally striate ; epidermis light yellowish brown ; whorls 6-7, rapidly increasing, subplanulate, suture nar- rowly margined, minutely crenulated. Length, 40 mill. Marine Provinces of Austria, Dalmatia, Morea, Algiers, Italy. The synonymy includes 0. Poireti, Fer., 0. striata, Montf., 0. cornea, Brumati, 0. Bonensis, Albers, 0. angustata, Yilla. Yar. MINGRELICA, Bottger. PI. 6, fig. 73. Transcaucasia. Yar. COMPRESSA, Mousson. (Unfigured.) Corfu, GepJialonia, Epirus. Dr. Pfeiffer distinguishes this and the following variety as doubtful species. Yar. DILATATA, Ziegler. PL 6, fig. 74. Rather thin, closely costulate-striate ; yellowish white; whorls 6-7, suture finely crenulated, white-margined. Length, 36 mill. Sicily, Algiers. 0. tumida, Yilla is a synonym. O. DELESSERTI, Bourguignat. (Unfigured.) Corfu. STREPTOSTYLA. 43 Section SELASIELLA, Strebel, 1878. O. JOAQUIN^B, Strebel. PI. 9, fig. 33. Shell moderately solid, translucent, shining, yellowish, with brownish }^ellow growth-lines, irregularly longitudinally plicate, suture marked by a transparent zone, last whorl slightly con- tracted in the middle, somewhat sack-like below. Length, 8'5 mill. Jalapa, Mexico. O. PERPUSILLA, Pfeiffer. PL 9, fig. 32. Thin, longitudinally arcuately striate, pellucid, shining, yel- lowish ; whorls 5, suture profound, narrowly margined. Length, 4*5 mill. Mirador, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. 0. MODESTA, Pfeiffer. (Unfigured.) N(ar Vera Cruz, Mexico. Pfeiffer writes " Conf. 0. perpusilla." It is about the same size. Genus STREPTOSTYLA, Shuttleworth, 1852. Typical Section. S. PERUVIANA, Lamarck. PL 11, fig. 97. Thin, subpellucid, longitudinally elegantly striate, decussated with spiral striae, with spiral folds or lamellae at the base of the shell, suture subcanaliculate ; white, with chestnut clouds and streaks. Length, 48 mill. Peru. It is Helix pretiosa, Fer. S. RICHARDI, Pfr. PL 11, figs. 85, 86. Rather thin, diaphanous, closely longitudinally plicate-striate, the striae becoming obsolete towards the middle of the body- whorl, everywhere closely spirally striate, suture impressed, crenately margined ; orange-brown, with angular streaks of dark chestnut. Length, 28 mill. Haiti. S. NICOLETI, Shuttleworth. PL 11, fig. 93. Rather solid, opaque, longitudinally costulate, the sculpture more prominent near the suture ; shining chestnut-colored. Length, 33 mill. Cordova, Mexico. 44 STREPTOSTYLA. S. BOTTERIANA, Crosse and Fischer. PI. 11, fig. 95. Spire gradate, each whorl having a narrow sloping shoulder, bounded by an angle ; body-whorl widely compressed in the middle ; longitudinally plicate-striate ; tawny chestnut. Length, 8'5 mill. Orizaba, Mexico. Distinguished at once by its peculiar form. Unfigured Species. S. MOHRIANA, Pfr. Orizaba, Mexico. S. DUBIA, Pfr. Chiapa, Mexico. Pfeiffer^ in his " Nomenclator," considers both of these doubtful species. Section CHERSOMITRA, Martens. S. DELATTREI, Pfeifler. PL 10, fig. 49. Rather solid, smooth, shining; fulvous, with irregular distant longitudinal curved chestnut lines. Length, 38 mill. Guatemala. Var. ft. Slightl}7 smaller, with more numerous chestnut streaks. S. QUIROZI, Strebel. PI. 11, fig. 92. Rather solid, opaque, shining, smooth, yellowish chestnut- color, with a small sutural yellowish white band. Mexico. Smaller-sized than S. Delattrei, with shorter spire and a little more prominent rounded shoulder, darker-colored, and without chestnut strigations. S. SHUTTLEWORTHI, Pfeiffer. PL 10, figs. 52, 53. Thin, smooth, shining, with irregular impressed lines, suture sublacerated ; yellowish brown, with variciform occasional chest- nut streaks. Length, 33 mill. Cordova and Chiapa, Mexico. I figure, in addition to the type form, a more ventricose, darker- colored variety (fig. 53). S. SALLEI, Crosse and Fischer. PL 10, fig. 50. Rather thin, shining, obsoletely striulate ; suture lacerated; olivaceous, with variciform light luteous strigations and macula. tions, aperture grayish white. Length, 40 mill. Orizaba, Mexico. STBEPTOSTYLA. 45 S. EDWARDSIANA, Crosse and Fischer. PI. 10, fig. 51. Narrower than the preceding species, shining, striulate, suture widely margined ; fulvous olivaceous, with light chestnut varici- form strigations, aperture bluish white. Length, 36 mill. Orizaba, Mexico. S. SIMILIS, Strebel. PL 10, fig. 54. Rather thin, translucent, shining, yellowish brown, with nar- rower or broader darker streaks ; with impressed longitudinal strife, visible near the suture ; no spiral sculpture ; on the body- whorl there is a narrow colorless sutural zone. Orizaba, Mexico. S. CINGULATA, Crosse and Fischer. PI. 10, fig. 55. Thin, smooth, shining; pale olivaceous brown, with irregular darker strigations ; suture with short, impressed lines ; aperture bluish white. Length, 25 mill. Tuxtla, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. S. NIGRICANS, Pfeiffer. PL 10, fig. 56. Moderately solid, polished, very minutely striate ; chocolate- color, with narrow, distant fulvous strigations, suture light- margined, the base yellowish brown, interior lighter chocolate. Length, 35 mill. Vera Paz, Central America. Var. ^9. Smaller and lighter-colored. Tabasco, Mexico. S. MITILEFORMIS, Shuttleworth. PL 10, fig. 57. Moderately solid, obsoletely striulate, polished, chocolate- colored with a few wide yellowish brown strigations, base yellowish brown, spire lighter-colored, with chestnut apex, suture margined with an obsolete impressed line. Length, 26 mill. Cordova, Mexico. Smaller, narrower, the spire slightly more produced, and the suture without the colored marginal band of the preceding species. S. LURIDA, Shuttleworth. PL 10, fig. 59. Shining, obsoletely striulate, suture slightly channeled ; oliva- ceous chestnut, lighter at suture and base. Length, 15 mill. Cordova, Mexico. 46 STREPTOSTYLA. S. FULVIDA, Crosse and Fischer. PI. 10, fig. 60. Smooth, shining, scarcely pellucid ; orange-chestnut, with a grayish white sutural band. Length, 16 mill. Orizaba, Mexico. S. GLANDIFORMIS, Crosse and Fischer. PI. 10, fig. 61. Smooth, shining, pellucid ; olivaceous brown, with a few distant irregular chestnut strigations, suture white-margined ; aperture bluish white; lip simple, thickened, white. Length, 14 mill. Orizaba, Mexico. S. BOCOURTI, Crosse and Fischer. PI. 10, fig. 62. Thin, smooth, pellucid, shining, scarcely striulate ; orange- brown ; suture profoundly impressed, canaliculate. Length, 14 mill. Coban, Guatemala. Yar. ft. Fuscous, narrower, spire longer. Length, 13'5 mill. Mexico. Yar. f. Major. Length, 24 mill. Mexico. S. BOUCARDI, Pfeiffer. PL 10, fig. 12. Thin, smooth, shining, suture smooth; dark olivaceous or reddish brown. Length, It mill. Juquila, Mexico. S. SOLOLENSIS, Crosse and Fischer. PI. 10, fig. 63. Thin, pellucid, smooth, shining; suture lightly impressed; light olivaceous horn-color, aperture bluish white. Length, 18 mill. Solola, Guatemala. S. IRRIGUA, Shuttleworth. PI. 10, fig. 58. Thin, shining, obsoletely striulate ; yellowish brown, with darker narrow flexuous strigations. Length, 24 mill. Cordova, Mexico. Smaller and narrower than S. Delattrei. S, TURGIDULA, Pfr. PI. 10, fig. 65. Somewhat thin, striulate, shining; suture crenulate ; light yellowish brown, with subimpressed, variciform, pellucid striga- tions ; aperture pearly white. Length, 31 mill. Cordova, Mexico. STREPTOSTYLA. 47 S. BLANDIANA, Crosse and Fischer. PL 10, fig. 69. Moderately solid, smooth, with irregular impressed lines ; suture subcrenulate ; light olivaceous brown, inconspicuously dotted with yellowish, with irregular variciform olivaceous chestnut strigations ; interior bluish white. Length, 28 mill. Cordova, Mexico. Strebel makes this a synonym of S. coniformis, Shutt., below. S. BINNEYANA, Crosse and Fischer. PI. 10, fig. 68. Moderatel}' solid, smooth, shining ; light olivaceous brown, with irregular inconspicuous yellowish white spots, apex white, interior bluish white. Length, 18'5 mill. Totonicapan, Guatemala. S. CONIFORMIS, Shuttleworth. PI. 10, figs. 64, 74. Somewhat solid, polished, obsoletely striulate, suture sub- channeled ; yellowish brown. Length, 20 mill. Cordova, Mexico. Strebel makes S. Pfeifferi, C. and F., and S. Blandiana, C. and F., both synonyms of this species. S. PLICATULA, Strebel. PI. 10, fig. 70. A wider species than S. coniformis, with more convex body- whorl, and more apparent striae at the sutures ; color somewhat lighter. Length, 18 mill. Orizaba, Mexico. S. PFEIFFERI, Crosse. PI. 10, fig. 66. Moderately solid, smooth, with linear, impressed suture; orange-brown, with irregular darker strigations. Length, 19 mill. Mexico. Strebel makes this a synonym of S. coniformis, Shuttl. My specimens of the two species are barely distinguishable in form and coloring, the present being darker. It was described by PfeifFer as Achatina streptostyla, and the specific name being subsequently used in a generic sense, Crosse changed it, as above. S. CRASSA, Strebel. PI. 10, fig. 71. Shell thick, opaque ; dark orange-brown, lighter at the base, lip-margin moderately broad, yellowish ; longitudinally striate, the striae ridge-like at the sutures. Length, 1 inch. . Coban, Guatemala. 48 STREPTOSTYLA. S. SCHNEIDERI, Strebel. PL 10, fig. 73. Shell solid, nearly opaque, polished ; yellowish horn-color to light ochre-yellowish, with a few slightly darker strigations ; surface covered with irregular, slight striae, becoming more rib- like at the sutures, where there is a translucent band, defined on the last whorl by a slight groove. Length, 21-25 mill. Coban, Guatemala. Nearly allied to the preceding species. S. VIRIDULA, Angas. PI. 27, fig. 8. Thin, shining, longitudinally striate on the upper part of the whorls, the striae becoming almost obsolete on the lower half of the body-whorl ; suture subcanaliculate ; pale yellowish green. Length, 16 mill. Costa Rica. S. BOYERTANA, Crosse and Fischer. PL 10, fig. 67. Moderately solid, shining, pellucid, smooth ; light olivaceous brown, the suture with an inconspicuous yellowish line. Length, 14 mill. Orizaba, Mexico. S. CYLINDRACEA, Pfeiffer. PL 11, fig. 98. Smooth, shining; yellowish brown, the linear suture white margined. Length, 13 mill. Tortilla^ Cent. Am. ; Merida, Yucatan. S. ventricosula, Morelet (from the latter locality), is a synonym. S. DYSONI, Pfeiffer. PL 11, fig. 75. Thin, smooth, pellucid, shining; yellowish brown. Length, 9*5 mill. Honduras. Yer}- closely allied to the preceding species. S. CORNEA, Crosse and Fischer. PL 11, fig. 88. Thin, smooth, pellucid, shining; olivaceous horn-colored. Length, 14 mill. Guatemala. Not quite so cylindrical in form as the preceding species; yet probably only a variety of it. S. FLAVESCENS, Shuttleworth. PL 11, fig. 76. Thin, somewhat shining, obsoletely striulate, with slightly crenulated sutures ; corneous white, with remote yellowish brown strigations. Length, 16 mill. Cordova, Mexico. STREPTOSTYLA. 49 S. LYMNEIFORMIS, Shuttle worth. PL 11, fig. 77. Thin, striulale ; light brownish yellow, with darker narrow strigations. Length, 17 mill. Cordova, Mexico. S. AURTCULACEA, Pfeiffer. PL 11, fig. 82. Rather thin, smooth, pellucid, shining, suture margined ; red- dish horn-color. Length, 16 mill. Cordova, Mexico. S. SARGI, Crosse and Fischer. PL 11, figs. 78, 79. Moderately solid, or thin, rather smooth, shining ; light oliva- ceous horn-color, suture white-margined ; interior bluish white. Length, 13'5 mill. Guatemala. Yar. /9. Major. Lighter-colored, with fulvous strigations. Length, 14'5 mill. S. PHYSODES, Shuttleworth. PL 11, fig. 89. Moderately solid, smooth, shining; suture margined; light yellowish brown. Length, 13 mill. Cordova and Chiapa, Mexico. Yar. /9. Pallida. Length, 17 mill. S. VEXANS, Strebel. PL 11, fig. 96. Moderately solid, translucent; bright yellowish brown, with a broad transparent zone at the suture, partly defined by a groove. . Length, 8*7 mill. Mexico. S. CUBANIANA, Orb. PL 11, fig. 80. Rather thin, smoothish, diaphanous, shining ; yellowish brown, with subregular distant chestnut lines ; suture simple. Length, 28 mill. Cuba. S. EPISCOPALIS, Morelet. PL 11, fig. 90. Moderately solid, longitudinally costulate-striate above, suture smooth, submarginate ; yellowish brown, shining. Length, 23 mill. Cuba. S. MORELETIANA, Pfr. PL 11, fig. 91. Moderately solid, smooth, shining, suture distinctly margined ; corneous white. Length, 18 mill, Cuba. 4 50 PSEUDOSUBULINA. S. SUTURALIS, Pfr. PL 11, fig. 84. Shell thin, pellucid, shining ; greenish corneous ; the suture profound, chestnut or chocolate-color. Length, 10'5 mill. Cuba. Unfigured Species of Streptostyla. S. DELIBUTA, and S. LABIBA, Morelet. Vera Paz, Guatemala. S. MERIDANA, Morelet. Merida, Yucatan. S. COBANENSIS, Tristram. Guatemala. S. SUBCALLOSA, Pfr. Venezuela. S. BULLACEA, Pfr. Tabasco, Mexico. S. BICONIOA, S. CATENATA, S. OBLONGA and S. PARVULA, Pfr. Chiapa, Mexico. Subgenus PETENIA, Crosse and Fischer, 1868. The differential characters are principally found in the soft parts, although the single species presents a peculiarity in its shell in possessing a central spiral band. S. LIGULATA, Morelet. PL 11, fig. 8*7. Rather smooth, shining, olivaceous yellow with a median nar- row dark chestnut band, suture margined. Length, 15 mill. Peten and _Palenque, Guatemala. Genus PSEUDOSUBULINA, Strebel and Pfeffer, 1882. P. BERENDTI, Pfeiffer. PL 9, fig. 35. Moderately solid, subdiaphanous, yellowish white, closely plicate, whorls 12. Length 12*5 mill, Orizaba and Mirador, Mexico. P. CHIAPENSIS, Pfeiffer. PL 9, fig. 36. Moderately solid, pellucid, shining, yellowish white, closely plicately striate , whorls 9-10, suture subcrenulately margined. Length, 16 mill. Chiapa, Mexico. P. SARGI, Crosse and Fischer. PL 9, fig, 31. Closely plicately striate, pellucid, shining, rather thin, oliva- ceous horny ; whorls 9, suture slightly crenulated, apex obtuse. Length, 14 mill. Guatemala. VOLUTAXIS. 51 P. TROCHLEA, Pfeiffer. PL 9, fig. 34. Thin diaphanous, shining, yellowish white, obliquely minutely striate ; whorls 10, suture profound. Length, 23 mill. Mexico. Genus VOLUTAXIS, Strebel and Pfeffer, 1882. V. SULCIFERUS, Morelet. PI. 9, fig. 38. Subdiaphanous, elegantly longitudinally costulate, light cor- neous , whorls 8, convex ; columella white. Length, 8 mill. Guatemala. V. BERENDTII, Pfeiffer. PL 9, fig. 30. Rather thin, subhyaline, closely plicate, whorls 8. Length, 7 mill. Mirador, near Ve.ra Cruz, Mexico. Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species. V. euptyctus, Pfr. (unfigured), is considered a synonym by Strebel. Y. TENUECOSTATUS, Strebel. PL 9, fig. 39. Distinguished from the two preceding species by its more obtuse apex, fewer whorls and finer ribs. Mexico. Described from a single specimen. Y. SIMILARIS, Strebel. PL 9, fig. 40. Differs from V. sulciferus principally in its narrower, more cylindrical form. Near Jalapa, Mexico. V. Miradorensis, Strebel, is possibly an abnormal or local form of V. similaris, as suspected by that author. Y. CONFERTECOSTATUS, Strebel. PL 9, figs. 41, 42. Distinguished from the last species by its more slender form, more acuminated spire, higher whorls, and especially by its much finer and more numerous ribs, 55 to 60 in number. Near Jalapa, Mexico. Y. INTERMEDIUS, Strebel. PL 9, figs. 43, 44. Resembling the preceding species, but stouter, with about 40 ribs — somewhat impinging on the sutural line. Near Jalapa, Mexico. 52 RAVENIA. Y. CONFERTESTRIATUS, Strebel. PI. 9, fig. 45. Approaches in form the preceding species, but has the more numerous plications of V. confertecostatus, although they are not so strong as in the latter species. Near Jalapa, and Mirador, Mexico. V. NITIDTJS, Strebel. PI. 9, figs. 46, 47. Shell shining, clear yellowish horn-color, with a narrow sutural zone ; surface essentially smooth, with distantly marked growth^ lines. Mexico. V. LINEARIS, Pfeiffer. PI. 9, fig, 48. Very thin, hyaline, closely striate, whorls 7. Length, 15 mill. Near Vera Cruz, Mexico. V. ACUS, Shuttleworth. PI. 9, fig. 24. Shell whitish corneous, sharply, regularly costulate ; whorls 12-13, flattened in the middle, very convex near the sutures. Length, 16 mill. Near Cordova, Vera Cruz, Mexico. V. MELANTELLOIDES, Gundlach. PI. 9, fig. 29. Closely, somewhat arcuately striate, thin, pellucid, yellowish white ; whorls 8, somewhat flattened in the middle, very obscurely angulated at the base. Length, 6'5 mill. Cuba. V. RECTUS, Pfeiffer. PI. 9, fig. 31. Rather thin, closely subarcuately plicatulate, somewhat shining, wax-colored; whorls 7, suture impressed; columella slightly callous, with a light superior plication. Length, 5 mill. Sierra Monte Christi, Haiti. V. BLANDI, Crosse and Fischer. PI. 9, fig. 23. Thin, diaphanous, obsoletely plica tely striate, striae rather distant, more apparent near the suture; whorls 6, with well- marked suture ; light yellowish corneous. Length. 8'5 mill. Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genus RAVENIA, Crosse, 1873. R. BLANDI, Crosse. PI. 22, fig. 1. Shell imperforate, turriculated, thin, translucent, almost crys- talline, and marked by slightly flexuous longitudinal striae ; STREPTAXID.E. 53 columella with a spiral plication, outer lip externally inflected and strongly angulated in the middle, bearing a strong tooth; yellowish white. Length, 3*25 mill. Los Eoques (east of Curapoa) West Indies. I am not aware that the dentition of the mollusk of this curious little shell has been examined, but it has been placed in the Agnatha on conchological grounds by Pfeiffer, Binney, etc. ; its general aspect is nearly related to that of Yolutaxis. FAMILY STREPTAXIDJE. Shell heliciform or pupiform, the last whorls generally devia- ting obliquely from the others. Animal with a long neck and short tail ; superior tentacles long and narrow ; labial palpi narrow, moderate. Dentition resembling that of Testacellidse. No jaw. Dr. Stoliczka (Jour. Asiatic Soc., xl, 159) remarks upon the family as follows : "Dohrn in 1866 (Mai. Blatter, xiii, 129), proposed to unite Streptaxis, Ennea and Streptostele into a separate group, for which he suggested the name Streptocionidae. There does not appear to be any reason why we should deviate from the gener- ally introduced custom of selecting the family name from that generic one which includes the most typical forms of the group, and this genus is in the present case Streptaxis. The family has already been pointed out by Dr. J. E. Gra}', in 1860 (Ann. and Mag. N. H., vi, 268), under the name Streptaxidae. " The three above-noticed genera (each of which includes several characteristic sections) have the following characters in common : a thin hyaline or a thicker alabastrine shell with very thin, deciduous epidermis, an expanded lip of the aperture, pro- ducing in the course of growth a transverse costulation of the whorls, the last of which usually somewhat deviates from the axis of the spire ; the columella is always thickened and often toothed, or provided with a projecting lamella. " Dohrn appropriately pointed out the striking relations of the shells of the three genera by quoting the following parallelism : 54 STREPTAXID.E. 4 Streptaxis is helicoid, Ennea pupoid, and Streptostele achati- noid.' " The same author does not describe the animal of Strepto- stele and its anatomy, probably because they are very similar to those of Streptaxis and Ennea. I have examined several species of the latter two genera, and they all agree in the usual bright, yellow or red coloring, extending over the greater part of the body, or being restricted to the head ; the anterior part of the body is always long, extensible, and the posterior short ; the pe- duncles are long, subcylindrical, but the (inferior) tentacles much shorter, exactly as in the Helicidae. The mantle is thickened, generally with a short lobe, or a thickening on each side of the pulmonary orifice. The internal organization closely corresponds with that of the Helicidse, except that the oesophagus is below produced in a tough cylindrical tube, which contains the radula in the form of a narrowly curved sheath ; the tube is attached by a special strong muscle to the retractor of the body. The teeth of the radula are very simple, subconical, pointed, from 40-60 in each transverse row. A special jaw is, as far as observations have been made, not developed. " All the species which I have observed were found under stones, or trees, and old wood, or under dead leaves and other organic substances. Whether or not the species are carnivorous, as stated by Gray, I have not been able to verify. They are oviparous, like the Bulimi. " Considering the form of the teeth, the Streptaxidae are closely allied to the Testacellidse, next to which they are also classed by Gray. Both families agree in the great length of the anterior part of the body and in the more or less secluded habitat. But upon inspection of the anatomy of Testacella, as given by Cuvier, I fail to notice the peculiarity of the long cylindrical tube con- taining the radula." Synopsis of Genera. Genus STREPTAXIS, Gray, 1837. Shell oval, heliciform, but often oblique, profoundly umbili- cated, ridged, striate above, smooth below; last whorls usually deviating more or less from the original axis ; aperture lunar, with or without teeth ; lip slightly thickened and reflected. STREPTAXID^E. 55 The principal conchological character of the group is the sin- gular torsion of the axis of revolution, causing some of the whorls to revolve obliquely to the others. The animal has a very long neck and short tail ; the superior tentacles are narrow and long ; the labial palpi narrow, as long as the inferior tentacles ; genital orifice on the right side, distant from the superior tentacle, and closer to the respiratory orifice. Dentition similar to Glandina ; central tooth simple. There are about 75 species ; they inhabit warm countries of South America, Africa and Asia, but are absent from Australia and the Polynesian Islands. The sections or subgenera of Streptaxis as admitted by Pfeiffer are described in the " Structural and Systematic Conchology," Hi, 16 ; they are rather indefinite groups on account of some species possessing characters intermediate between those upon which the}' are founded. Mr. C. F. Ance}r (Le Naturaliste, vi, 508, 1884) remarks that: " Pfeiffer and Clessin classify the known species of Streptaxis in these various groups : " 1st. Artemon, Pfr. (type, S. candidus) ; 2d. Scolodonta, Doer- ing (type, S. Semperi) ; 3d. Ammonoceras, Pfr. (type, S. ammoni- formis) ; 4th. Eustreptaxis, Pfr., divided itself into two groups, the one comprehending the toothless species, the other those which are provided with a parietal tooth — this section is the more numerous; 5th. Odontartemon, Pfr. (type, S. dejectus) ; 6th. Discartemon, Pfr. (type, S. discus). "It seems to me quite unjust to make in Streptaxis a simple subgeneric group of Ammonoceras, in which the shells are of so different an aspect and hyaline. "As to Scolodonta, placed by the author of the group amongst the Helices, I have no opinion, since the species are still too poorly known. " The two sections established by these authors in Eustrep- taxis or true Streptaxis, seem to me very artificial; they sepa- rate thus species having the closest analogies. " We can, still further, speak in the same way of Odontar- temon ; all the toothed species are placed without order in this section. It seems to me, nevertheless, that it should be preserved, 56 STREPTAXID^E. but only as a subdivison of Eustreptaxis, the principal character on which it is founded not being that which, to my sense, is sufficient for the creation of a section, since among the toothed species are some with three denticulations, and others with more. We should take as types of the group : S. dejectus, S: Deplancliei, S. Watsoni and allied species, and exclude a certain number, among which are S. Troberti, Petit, from Guinea, and S. bulbulus, which can constitute, I think, good sections in the genus. " For the reception of Streptaxis Troberti, on account of the characters which follow, I establish a new section, to which I give the name of Lamelliger, distinguished in fact from Odont- artemon by the following peculiarities : " The aperture, on its parietal wall, not having in its middle part a tubercular tooth as the great part of Odontartemon, but a strong reflexed lamella, which is prolonged very far into its inte- rior. The free parietal teeth of this species are two in number, small, and in the case of one almost obsolete. They are situated at the base, near the coluinellar axis. The form of the shell is depressed, and presents the same characters as that of the typical species of Odontartemon. " The Ennea bulbulus, Mor., and E. Michaui, Cr. and Fischer, which Pfeiffer classed with doubt among the Streptaxis, consti- tute, a natural passage to Ennea. These species, concerning the generic position of which there will probably yet for a long time be discussion, but which seem to me for the most part to be Enneas, shortened, globose ovoid, and a little Streptaxiform, caused by the inclination of the axis of the shell, which is, how- ever, more regular than that of many Streptaxis, should, and this for the very uncertainty of their position, form a new group, restricted so far to the island of Puolo-Condor. Besides the peculiar form of the shell, this group, which has the shell of the same nature as that of the true Enneas, finely striate, a spire with quite numerous whorls, not very rapidly increasing, presents a quite peculiar appearance, and the two species, of which one is toothless, the other possessing on the peristome irregularly dis- posed teeth, have betw'een them an air of relationship, by which they may be recognized. I will give to this group, on account of the form of its spire, the name of Oophana. " STREPTAXID^E. 57 Mr. John W. Taylor has recentty separated a new group under the name of Gonaxis ; he thus characterizes it : " Shell pupiform, unsj^mmetrical, axis of the apical whorls directed to the right, lower aspect of penultimate whorl of a somewhat triangular shape, forming a prominent hump on the left side. " The most important character of this genus is the deflection of the upper or apical whorls, whereas in Streptaxis it is the last whorl only that is diverted from the perpendicular. This pecu- liarity appears to me to be of sufficient importance to warrant the erection of this genus." The type of Mr. Taylor's new genus is represented on Plate 14, figs. 82, 83. The apparent peculiarity to which he alludes is shared more or less by several other species of elongated Streptaxis, and the recognition of the group as valid can scarcely serve a useful purpose. Speaking of the Indian species, Mr. W. T. Blanford writes : "All the species of Streptaxis are somewhat variable, and with a large collection from South India it would probably be found that many intermediate varieties occur. As a rule, the general form appears more constant than any other characters, and the teeth in the mouth vary considerably. The parietal lamellae are peculiarly inconstant." Eustreptaxis is undoubtedly the typical group of the genus, whilst Artemon, Scolodonta, etc., possessing depressed helicoid shells, regular in volutions, are aberrant forms, not readily dis- tinguished, conchologically, from certain species of true Helices ; yet for the purpose of preserving the transition from Streptaxis to Ennea, I am forced to commence this monograph with these aberrant instead of typical groups. As the deflection of the whorls is really an adult character, it follows that in young shells the volutions are regular ; a fact which is very apt to mislead an inexperienced conchologist ; Artemon may be re- garded as an arrested development of Streptaxis, the shell becoming adult with the persistence of juvenile characters. Section ARTEMON, Pfeiffer. Shell heliciform, rather flattened, whorls regular, aperture without teeth, outer lip often slightly thickened and expanded or subreflected. South American. 58 STREPTAXID^E. Subsection AMMONOCERAS, Pfeiffer. Shell depressed, or- bicular, shining, pellucid, thin, radiately striate ; umbilicus wide, perspective ; spire rather flattened ; last whorl not descending at the aperture, the periphery rounded ; aper- ture large, rounded lunate ; lip simple, acute, its extremities approaching. With this group may be united Scolodonta, Doring. Section DISCARTEMON, Pfeiffer. Shell discoidal or depressed conoidal, volutions regular ; openly umbilicated ; aperture trans- verse, somewhat basal, outer lip reflected or expanded, thickened, and together with the parietal wall, usually armed with teeth. South America. Section EUSTREPTAXIS, Pfr. Axis of the shell oblique, causing some whorls to revolve obliquely to the others. Subsection 1. Edentulae. Subsection 2. Dente parietal! munitse. Subsection 3. Pariete aperturali et peristomate armatis (Odontartemon, Pfr.). The prolonged lamella of the parietal wall in S. Troberli is thought, by Mr. Ancey, sufficiently distinctive for the formation of a new section, Lamelliger ; but in some of the other species there are intermediates between this kind of tooth and the more usual short tubercle, so that if the group were adopted it would be difficult to assign all the species. At first I was disposed to regard the claim of Oophana to recognition as a distinct group as more valid, but a comparison on my plates of the typical forms of L. bulbulus and S. Michaui with S. turbinatus, S. Mozambicensis, S. decipiens, S. obtusus, S. Enneoides, S. Wei- witschi, etc., shows that the former only form a part of a con- tinuous series by which the usually prostrate Asiatic species are connected with Ennea, Genus OMPHALOPTYX, Bottger, 1875. Fossil only. See "Structural and Syst. Conchology," iii, 16. Genus GIBBUS, Montfort, 1810. Animal like Streptaxis ; the teeth are arranged in very oblique rows, the central tooth elongated, subirregular, simple, unicuspid. Shell rimate or perforated, pupiform, oblique, with obtuse STREPTAXID^E. 59 summit, whorls numerous, flattened, pale corneous or whitish, usually ribbed-striate ; aperture oblong or subtetragonal, with or without teeth, lip with reflected margin, the extremities united by a callus, columella almost straight, unarmed. I have adopted for Gibbus, the extended limits assigned it by Dr. Paul Fischer, including Ennea as a subgenus. Whilst there are great differences as to size, and some in form, between species of Gibbulina, and the usual manifestation of Ennea, still there exist some intermediate species ; and the differences between these two typical groups are certainly no greater than those of the two principal sections of Streptaxis. Montfort's name, being the oldest, is adopted for the entire group, instead of the restricted use of it by its author, followed by Albers and Pfeiffer, for the aberrant form which is its type. The geographical distribution of Gibbus is much more re- stricted than that of Streptaxis, being confined (except for a single introduced species) to the old world. The larger and more typical groups occur in Mauritius, the Isle of Bourbon, Madagascar and the Seychelles Islands ; being entirely insular: Ennea, on the contrary, is essentially (but not entirely) conti- nental, being largely tropical African and Asiatic. Together, fully one hundred species have been described. Section GIBBUS, Montf., 1810. Shell subconical, whorls flat- tened on the front and back. G. Lyonetianus. ? Section PASSAMAELLA, Pfeiffer, 1877. Subconical, obliquely regularly striate, last whorl dilated below at the base of the aperture, widel}r umbilicated; aperture coarctate, ringent, den- tate. G. Passamainus, Petit. Island of Socotra. The position of this species is extremely problematical : it may belong to the Pupae. Section GONIODOMUS, Swainson, 1840. Shell ovate, whorls ventricose, obliquely costulate, aperture directed obliquely outwards at its base. G. pagoda, Fer. There is a slight displacement of the whorls in this single species (to which the group is restricted), which appears to connect Gibbus with the following group. Section PLICADOMUS, Swainson. 1840. Shell ovately subconic, apex obtuse, whorls regular, surface obliquely costulate. G. sulcatus, Mull. 60 STREPTAXiD^E. Section EDENTULINA, Pfeiffer, 1855. Conical ovate, with tapering spire and blunt apex, smooth, suture thread-margined, aperture unarmed, the lip thickened and expanded-reflected. G. ovoideus, Brug. Section GONOS£IRA, Swainson, 1840. Subeylindrical, with obtuse or pupiform apex, parietal wall of aperture unarmed or with a short lamelliform tooth. G. palanga, Fer. Subgenus ENNEA, H. and A. Adams, 1855. Shell small, pupiform, with obtuse apex ; aperture with reflected lip, usually armed with teeth, parietal wall generally dentate or lamellate. Section UNIPLICARIA, Pfeiffer, 1855. Shell rather large for the subgenus, shining, obsoletely striate, lip without teeth, parietal wall with a strong lamella near the junction of the upper extremity of the outer lip. E. cerea, Dunker. Mostly Africa and Madagascar. Section NEVILLTA, Martens, 1880. Shell small, ventricosely pupiform, with numerous narrow whorls ; longitudinally closely, sharply ribbed, aperture somewhat produced, small, with expanded lip, parietal wall nearly horizontal, bearing a promi- nent lamella. G. clavulata, Lam. Approaches Ennea. Section ENNEASTRUM, Pfeiffer, 1855. Parietal and outer mar- gins of the aperture both lamellate. E. elegantula, Morelet. Africa. ' Section GULELLA, Pfeiffer, 1855. Smooth, or obliquely finely ribbed-striate ; parietal margin lamellate, outer lip multidentate. E. capitata, Gould. Africa. Section HUTTONELLA, Pfeiffer, 1855. Elongated, narrowly cylindrical, minute, hyaline, polished; parietal wall plicate, interior of aperture dentate. Africa, India. E. bicolor, Hutton, an Indian species, has been introduced into China, the Mascarene Islands, West Indies, etc. Subgei^s DIAPHORA, Albers, 1850. C3rlindrical, umbi Heated, apex obtuse, base obsoletely carinate ; whorls numerous, narrow, flattened, the last detached ; aperture pyriform, not dentate, the lip expanded. G. Gumingianus, Pfeiffer. Resembles Cylindrella. Indo-China, Philippines. STREPTAXIS, 61 Genus STREPTOSTELE, 1866. Animal brightly red or yellow-colored, as in Streptaxis ; central tooth of the radula narrow and very long. Shell achatinoid, Ii37aline, sub varicose ; pillar lip twisted and thickened, outer lip expanded, reflected. S. lotophaga, Mor. Prince's JsZ., Seychelles, Formosa. Section ELMA, H. Adams, 1866. Outer lip more or less sinuous above, aperture without teeth, surface smoothish, shining. S. Swinhoei, H. Adams. Section PTYCHOTREMA, Morch, 1852. Surface obliquely closely ribbed-striate, aperture lamellarly toothed within, with corre- sponding exterior constrictions or troughs. . S. cyathostoma, Pfr. Genus STREPTAXIS, Gray. Section ARTEMON, Pfeiffer. S. CANDIDUS, Spix. PI. 12, figs. 1-3. Whorls 6-7, slowly increasing, the last not descending at the aperture, ribbed striate above, smooth beneath ; margin of aperture shortly reflected; yellowish white to light-yellowish brown. Diam., 34 mill. Brazil. There is a variety faintly or obsoletely sculptured. The synonyms are H. Spixiana, Pfr., and H. perspectiva, Wagner. S. INTERMEDIUS, Albei'S. PI. 12, figS. 4-6. More depressed, with much wider umbilicus than the prece- ding species, whorls 7 J, subangulate at the periphery ; margin of the aperture not thickened, reflected only at the base ; whitish, waxy, shining. Diam., 34 mill. Brazil. S. GIGAS, E. A. Smith. PI. 16, figs. 8, 9. Depressed globose, with elevated spire, and moderate umbilicus ; whorls 6, arcuatety striate above, with traces of revolving lines, smooth beneath ; lip simple. Diam., 33 mill. Between Lake Nyassa and the East Coast of Africa. The two specimens obtained were not adult. 62 STREPTAXIS. S. REGIUS, Lobbecke. PL 16, figs. 10, 11. Shell subglobosely, conoidal, widely and perspectively umbili- cated ; whorls 7 J, regularly increasing, very finely filiformly costulate ; lip not reflected ; white. Diam., 31 mill. Brazil ? Found in an old collection, of which it formed a part for about a century at least. S. WAGNERT, Pfeiffer. PI. 12, figs. 9-11. Widely umbilicated, depressed ; whorls 6, closely costulate above, smooth beneath, subangulate at the periphery ; yellowish white or waxy white, shining ; lip white, shortly reflected. Diam., 20 mill. Brazil. It is S. Coffreanus, Moricand, and perhaps Artemon planu- latus, Beck. S. ROLLANDI, Bernardi. PI. 12, figs. 12, 13. Shell profoundly umbilicated, rather flattened and rugosely, malleately plicate above, convexly inflated and regularly plicate below ; whorls 7, the last obsoletely tricarinate, the first near the suture, the second on the upper part of the whorl, the third around the wide, perspective umbilicus ; peristome not reflected ; whitish. Diam., 20 mill. Brazil 1 S. PAIVANUS, Pfeiffer. PI. 12, figs. 7, 8. Convexly conical, rather thin, shining, pellucid ; whorls 7J, slowly increasing, suture thread-margined, lightly striulate above, smooth below, marked by several variciform striae ; hyaline white ; umbilicus narrow ; margin of aperture shortly reflected. Diam., 6*5 mill. Brazil. S. CONOIDEUS, Pfeiffer. PI. 12, figs. 19, 20. Somewhat regularly conoidal, moderately solid ; whorls 7, here and there varicose, ribbed striate above, smooth below, the periphery angulated ; narrowly umbilicated ; peristome narrowly reflected ; greenish white. Diam., 18 mill. Venezuela (Ernst). STREPTAX1S. 63 S. COSTULOSUS. Pfeiffer. PL 12, figs. 30-32. Conoidal, obliquely finely costulate, distantly subvaricose ; whorls 6^, the last with angulated periphery, somewhat flattened base, and narrow umbilicus ; whitish under a yellowish epidermis. Diam., 17*5 mill. Solomon's Islands. S. CYPSELE, Pfeiffer. PL 16, figs. 98, 99. Shell elevated conoidal, whorls 9, subcostulate, slowly increas- ing ; umbilicus wide and deep ; aperture very small. Diam., 20 mill. Habitat unknown. Much resembles in form the Helices of the genus Sagda, inhabiting Jamaica. S. APERTUS, Martens. Conoidally globose, widely umbilicated, ribbed-striate ; whorls 61 to 7 J, slowly increasing ; white ; aperture small, slightly oblique, the peristome narrowly reflected. Diam. 21, alt. 14 mill. Brazil. Yar. DEPRESSUS, Martens. Diam. 18*5, alt. 10 mill. An unfigured species. Subsection AMMONOCERAS, Pfeiffer. S. CHALCOPHILA, Orb. PL 12, fig. 21. Shell largely perspectively umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, smooth, thin, finely striated, diaphanous, grayish horny; spire obtuse; whorls 6, slantingly convex ; aperture obliquely lunar, lip simple. Diam., 16 mill. Bolivia. S. SKIAPHTLA, Orb. PL 12, fig. 22. Thin, nearly smooth, diaphanous; white; whorls 6; lip thin. Diam., 12 mill. Cochabamba, Bolivia. ,64 STEEPTAXrS. S. HYLEPHILA, Orb. PI. 12, figs. 33, 28. Thin, diaphanous, striated, smooth below; white; whorls 6 ; lip thickened. Diam., 8 mill. Bolivia. S. ochthephila, Orb. (fig. 28), is a minor variety ; diam., 6 mill. S. BOUNOBOENA, Orb. PI. 12, fig. 34. Moderately solid, obliquely striate ; whorls 5J ; umbilicus nar- row ; lip callous within ; greenish white, vitreous. Diam., 9 mill. Bolivia. S. OMALOMORPHA, Orb. PL 12, fig. 14. Thin, striulate, white under a yellowish epidermis ; whorls 7 ; peristome simple. Diam., 19-25 mill. Bolivia. S. FLORA, Pfeiffer. PL 27, fig. 4. Depressed orbicular, thin, translucent, lightly striated above, smooth below ; umbilicus moderate, perspective ; lip thin, sharp ; greenish yellow, interior pearly white. Diam., 28 mill. Andes of Columbia. Pfeiffer places this species in Streptaxis, but its position here appears to me somewhat doubtful. S. CUZCANA, Philippi. PL 13, figs. 46, 47. Depressed ; striulate above, smooth below, thin, diaphanous, shining ; yellowish brown ; whorls 5-6 ; lip thin, simple, subemar- ginate in the middle. Diam., 16-19 mill. Cuzco, Peru; Baeza, Ecuador. Helix Baezensis, Hidalgo, is a synonym. S. VITRINA, Wagner. PL 13, figs. 38-40. Subdiscoidal, striulate, pellucid, very shining, yellowish cor- neous ; spire plane, subexcavated ; whorls 4, the last wide ; peris- tome simple. Diam., 15*5 mill. Southern Brazil. This species bears the names of Helix circumplexa, Fer., H. valveeformis, Nyst, and Solarium imperforatum, Spix ; the young shell is Helix nana, Wagner, and Solarium pygmseum, Spix. STREPTAXIS. 65 S. THOMASI, Pfr. PL 13, tig. 48. Thin, striulate, somewhat shining • umbilicus moderate, per- spective ; lip simple; yellowish white. Diana., 7*5 mill. Marmato, N. Granada. S. TROCHILIONEIDES, Orb. PL 13, figs. 49-51 ; PL 27, figs. 5-7. Shell thinly striulate, shining, diaphanous, white ; whorls 6, somewhat flattened; umbilicus moderate; aperture subyertical, the lip simple, its extremities approaching. Length, 4'5 mill. Bolivia. H. spirillus, Gould (figs. 5-7), from Lima, Peru, is a synonym. S. AMMONOCERAS, Pfeiffer. PL 13, fig. 52. Much depressed, arcuately striate, thin, pellucid, shining; light corneous ; spire minute, subimmersed, suture profound ; whorls about 4, rapidly increasing, the last laterally flattened, with obsoletely angulated periphery ; aperture wide, oblique, lip simple ; umbilicus wide. Diani., 4*5 mill. Santa Ana, N. Granada ; also island of Grenada, W. I. (Bland). S. MOYOBAMBENSIS, Moricand. PL 13, figs. 55, 56. Shell depressed, rather solid, closely rugosely striated, with a few impressed concentric lines ; whorls 4-4J, the last inflated, with well-impressed suture ; aperture large, subcircular, pearly, the lip simple ; olive corneous. Diam., 31 mill. Moyobamba, Peru. S. ORBICULA, Orb. PL 13, figs. 35-37. Broadly umbilicated, nearly discoid, finely striated, diaphanous, shining, grayish yellow ; whorls 7-8 ; umbilicus broad ; lip simple, sharp. Diam., 10 mill. Bolivia. S. AMMONIFORMIS, Orb. PL 13, tigs. 43-45. Magn. f. Widely umbilicated, orbicularly concave, depressed, thin, diaphanous, grayish white, nearly smooth ; whorls 5, the last obliquely dilated ; lip simple, sharp, recurved above. Diam., 14 mill. Bolivia. 5 66 STREPTAXIS. S. ARGENTINA, Strobel. PI. 13, figs. 58-60. Magn. £. Widely umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, almost discoidal, diaphanous, shining, whitish, fragile; whorls 5, flattened, thinly striated, slowly increasing, suture deep ; lip expanded. Diam. 6 mill. Mendoza and Bahia Blanca, Argentine Republic. Unfigured and Undetermined Species of the Ammonoceras group. S. SEMPERI, Doring. Argentine Republic. S. SPIRORBIS, Deshayes. Near Eio Janeiro, Brazil. S. NITIDULUS and S. AMAZONICUS, Dohrn. Province of Para, Brazil. S. MUTATA, Gould. Brazil. Gould remarks in his " Otia," that this may = insignis, Orb., which also resembles a Streptaxis. The species is not included in the " Mollusca of the Wilkes Expedition." S. PROBLEMATIC^, Pfr. PI. 12, fig. 15. India. S. BOMBAX, Benson. PI. 12, figs. 26, 27. India. These two species are both probably juvenile shells of Eu streptaxis. Section DISCARTEMON, Pfeiffer. S. DISCUS, Pfeiffer. PI. 16, figs. 77-79. Smooth, irregularly varicose ; whorls 6J, flattened above, with a slightly prominent apex; the last whorl deflected near the aperture ; aperture subhorizontal, transversely auriform, with an oblique parietal plica ; lip reflected, the upper margin impressed and obsoletely dentate, the outer margin with a stronger tooth, the base transversely callous; hyaline white. Diam., 14 mill. Hob. unknown. S. CRYPTODON, Moricand. PI. 16, figs. 87-89. Smoothish and somewhat solid, pellucid, greenish white; whorls 5 ; umbilicus moderate, cylindrical ; aperture scarcely oblique, depressed lunar, tridentate, one conical parietal tooth, and two obtuse ones on the basal margin, peristome somewhat callously thickened, simple. Diam., 5'5 mill. Brazil. STREPTAXIS. 67 S. CROSSEI, Pfeiffer. PI. 16, figs. 3, 4. Somewhat solid, closely ribbed-striate above, smooth below; whorls 7, the last deflected in front ; aperture oblique, transversely auriform, with a parietal lamina, a central small tooth within the outer lip, and a bituberculate transverse tooth at its base ; waxy, hyaline. Diam., 8*5 mill. Near Rio Janeiro, Brazil. S. LEMYREI, Morelet. PL 16, figs. 12, 13. Whorls 5, regularly striate ; subtranslucent, moderately solid ; aperture oblique, subquadrately rounded, peristome reflected, at the base partly covering the narrow umbilicus, within are two lamellae, one of them hardly visible externally, the other parietal, linguiform, short. Diam., 11 mill. . Cambodia. Section EUSTREPTAXIS, Pfeiffer, 1877. Subsection I. Edentulse. S. NOBILIS, Gray. PI. 13, figs. 53, 54, 61, 64, 68, 41, 42. Turbinate, moderately thick, umbilicus rimate ; whorls 5^, closely striated above, smooth beneath, shining ; very light olivaceous or yellowish white, with irregular greenish striga- tions on the spire ; lip expanded-reflected. Diam., 1 inch. Liberia, Sierra Leone. The synon}rms include ? Helix pagoda, F£r.; H. Monroviana, Rang (juvenile); H. Blandingiana, Lea; St. rimata, Pfr. (fig. 68); St. Recluziana, Petit (figs. 41, 42); the latter a small variety. S. CRAVENI, E. A. Smith. PL 16, figs. 6, 7. Narrowly umbilicated, obliquely distorted, smooth, glossy, dirty milky-white ; whorls 7, closely costulately striated at the suture, the last whorl suddenly descending in front, then rising somewhat upon the preceding whorl, ver}r obliquely deviating ; outer lip a little thickened and reflected, sinuated at the suture. Diam. 22 mill., alt. 29 mill. On hills between the, mouth of the river Dana and Mombasa, East Africa (Kirk). 68 STREPTAXIS. S. SUTURALIS, Martens. PI. 12, fig. 23. Shell perforate, globosely conical, thin, white; whorls t^-, 'Obliquely costulately striate, the last smooth below ; suture planulate and costulate ; lip white, widely reflected below, flexuous above. DLam., 28 mill. New Granada. S. DUNKERI, Pfr. PI. 13, figs. 57, 62, 63, 65-61 ; PL 14, figs. 69-72. Shell rimate, light yellowish horn-color ; whorls 8, elegantly costulately striate above, decussated by minute spiral lines, base smooth, shining, excavated, with remote radiating impressed lines, excavated around the umbilicus ; lip white, reflected. Diam., 29 mill. Brazil; New Granada. The synonyms include var. claum, Lobbecke (figs. 65-67), which equals S. Funcki, Pfr. (PL 14, figs. 69-72), from New Granada ; they are distinguished by the umbilicus being nearly or entirely closed. The specimens before me clearly indicate the specific identity of these forms. S. SUBREGULARIS, Pfr. PL 12, figs. 16-18. Turbinately semiglobose, narrowly umbilicated, whorls 7, closely obliquely costulate above, obsoletely decussated by revolving lines, smooth beneath ; hyaline white ; margin of aper- ture narrowly reflected. Diam., 21 mill. Brazil. S. CONTUSUS, F^r. PL 14, figs. 76-78. Shell minutely perforate, yellowish corneous, whorls 7-8, cos- tulately striated and minutely decussated above, smooth below ; lip white, shortly reflected. Diam., 21 mill. Brazil. S. UBERIFORMIS, Pfr. PL 14, fig. 94. Profoundly rimately perforate, rather thin, diaphanous, light greenish corneous ; whorls 6^, closely costulately striate above, decussated by very light striae, base subplanulate, smooth ; lip shortly expanded-reflected. Diam., 18 mill. Brazil. Hidalgo (Yiaje Pacif., 41) considers this a variety of the pre- ceding species. They are certainly very closely allied, but the STREPTAXIS. 69 present ibrm has a higher, more conical spire and is less oblique, and with more flattened base. S. ALVEUS, Dunker. PI. 27, fig. 11 ; PL 12, fig. 29. Shell perforate, regularly obliquely finely costulate above, planate and smooth beneath ; whorls 10, flattened, the last obtusely angulated at the periphery ; corneous white ; lip ex- panded, narrowly reflected below. Diam., 10 mill. Brazil. Helix contermdna, Reeve (fig. 29), is a synonym. S. DESHAYESIANUS, Crosse. PL 14, fig. 97. Narrowly umbilicated, corneous white; whorls 6^, with im- pressed striae above, the base planulate, inconspicuously striate, somewhat shining ; lip white, reflected, subflexuous and thinner above. Diam., 5 mill. Brazil. S. TURBINATUS, Morelet. PL 12, figs. 24, 25. Perforate, thin, corneous white; whorls 6, convex, suture profound, regularly costulate, base planulate ; lip regularly expanded, shortly arcuate above. Diam., 10 mill. At Lake Quilonda, Angola, W. Africa. S. DEPLANATUS, Pfr. PL 14, figs. 84-86. Rimately subperforate, thin, diaphanous, yellowish ; whorls 6^, closely costulately striate above ; base somewhat flattened, smooth, sliming ; lip white, narrowly expanded, reflected. Diam., 11 -3 mill. Habitat unknown. S. WELWITSCHI, Morelet. PL 14, figs. 73-75. Concavely rimate, thin, smoothish, plicately striated at the sutures, shining, semidiaphanous, light yellowish ; whorls 5^, suture deep, base of shell planulate, smooth ; xlip white, thin, expanded. Diam., 13 mill. CazengOj Angola, W. Africa. S. PROSTRATUS, Gould. PL 27, fig. 9. Perforate, rather thin, hyaline white; whorls 5J, lightly arcuately striate above, smooth below, the last whorl subangu- late at the periphery in front ; parietal wall edentulous or with a minute tooth ; lip slightly reflected. Diam., 10 mill. Cape Palmas, W. Africa. 70 STREPTAX1S. S. ALBIDUS, Pfeiffer. PI. 14, figs. 79-81. Subperforate, smooth, white ; whorls 5 ; aperture edentulous, the lip simple, somewhat reflected at the columella. Diam., 8 mill. Guinea (Patel). S. CANDEANUS, Petit. PI. 14, figs. 89-91. Shell white, shining, perforate ; whorls 5-6 ; aperture edentu- lous, the lip narrowly reflected. Diam., 4 mill. New Granada. Dr. Pfeiffer at one time confounded this with S. deformis, Fer., and although the latter is larger, and the parietal wall is furnished with a small tooth, I think it very probable that they are merely forms of one species. S. GIBBONSI, Taylor. PI. 14, figs. 82, 83. Shell thin, shining, semitransparent, opalescent, smooth; whorls 5^, suture profound, with short prominent plicae ; lip thickened and a little everted, the extremities connected by a slight callus ; umbilicus small, shallow, partly concealed by the inner lip. L. 7, diam. 4*5 mill. Zanzibar. Said to be most nearly allied to the unfigured S. Kirki, Dohrn. It is the type of Mr. Taylor's genus Gonaxis (see p. 57). S. ENNEOIDES, Martens. PL 16, fig. 5. Shell perforate, arcuately costulate, yellowish white, some- what shining ; whorls 6, with denticulated suture, the last one with flattened and smooth base ; lip white, arcuate above, some- what expanded. Diam. 9, alt. 13'5 mill. Ukamba, W. Africa. Martens says that this is very close to 8. Welwitschi, Morelet, but that species is smooth except at the sutures. S. MOZAMBICENSIS, E. A. Smith. PI. 14, figs. 87, 88. Shell linearly rimate, whitish, smooth, glossy ; whorls 6, crenulated beneath the deep suture ; outer lip narrowly expanded. Diam. 4*5, alt. 7 '5 mill. Between Lake Nyassa and the East Coast of Africa. This species is smaller and less distorted than S. Kirkii, Dohrn, and has merely a linear umbilical fissure. It is likewise STREPTAXIS. 71 smaller than S. Enneoides, Martens, not perforate, smooth, and has more convex whorls. Unfigured and Undetermined Species. S. QIBBOSUS, Pfr. New Granada. S. DENTICULATUS, Dohrn. (Suture denticulate). Mombasa, E. Africa. S. KIRKII, Dohrn. Island in Lake Nyassa. S. EPISTYLIUM, Miiller. Guinea (Morch). This species was for a long time considered one of the group called Sagda, so characteristic of Jamaica. Morch (Jour, de Conch., xxiv, 374) says that the type has been found, and that it is a Streptaxis. The figure in Lister is unrecognizable. Subsection II. Dente parietali munitde. S. OVATUS, Pfeiffer. PI. 14, figs. 92, 93. Perforate, pellucid, greenish white ; whorls 6^, closely striate above ; parietal wall with a lamelliform tooth, lip white, slightly expanded. Diam., 16 mill. Habitat unknown. S. DEFLEXUS, Souleyet. PI. 14, figs. 95, 96. Shell narrowly umbilicated, whitish, arcuately striated above, smooth below ; whorls 6, with deep suture ; aperture with a lamellar parietal tooth, peristome expanded-reflected. Diam., 18 mill. Touranne, Cochin China. S. SOLIDULUS, Stoliczka. PL 14, fig. 99. Moderately umbilicated, solid, white; whorls 7, flexuosely costulate above, smoothish below, suture simple, impressed ; parietal wall with a strong tooth, lip planately reflected. Diam., 12 mill. Moulmein, Burmah. S. PELLUCENS, Pfeiffer. PI. 14, figs. 98, 100. Narrowly umbilicated, thin, shining, hyaline, suture impressed, submarginate ; whorls 6j, arcuately ribbed-striate, becoming 72 STREPTAXIS. smooth on the body-whorl ; parietal lamella small, compressed, lip somewhat thickened and reflected, thinner and arcuate above. Diam., 13 mill. Laos Mountains, Cambodia. Var. ft (PL 14, fig. 100), is described by Morelet as " Larger, more oblique and thinner than the type." S. MICHAUI, Crosse and Fischer. PL 14, figs. 7, 8. Umbilicus impervious, shell solid, opaque, grayish white; whorls 6-J, closely arcuately ribbed-striate ; parietal tooth lingui- form ; lip thickened, reflected, its extremities joined by a shining callus. s Diam. 8, alt. 11 '6 mill. Isl. Poulo Condor, Cochin China. This Is one of the species of Mr. Ancey's group Oophana. S. EXACUTUS, Gould. PI. 14, figs. 11,12. Widely umbilicate, thin, semidiaphanous, white ; whorls 6, closely lirate-striate above, last whorl smooth below ; suture deep ; parietal wall with a strong laminar and an inconspicuous second tooth ; lip white, reflected, narrower and sinuated above. Diam., 13 mill. Burmah. S. SANKEYI, Benson. PL 14, figs. 2, 3. Obliquely umbilicated, white; whorls 7, the earlier ones sub- planate, the antepenultimate rather acutely carinated at the periphery, the last two deviating, and compressed around the umbilicus ; closely costulately striate ; parietal wall with a prominent entering lamella; peristome expanded, reflected, narrower and sinuated above. Diam., 10 mill. Moulmein, Burmah. S. HANLEYANUS, Stoliczka. PL 14, figs. 9, 10. Rather widely profoundty umbilicated, grayish white ; whorls 6J, filiformly striate above and below, base subangularly convex ; first whorls flattened, antepenultimate acutely carinate, balance deflected, rounded ; parietal wall with entering lamina ; lip reflected, sinuated above. Diam., 7*5 mill. Moulmein, Burmah. Too close to the preceding species ; from which it is said to be distinguished by its smaller size, more depressed form, larger umbilicus, and longer and more regularly rectangular aperture. STREPTAXIS. 73 S. SINENSIS, Gould. PL 15, figs. 32, 33. Shell polished, faintly impressly striated above, greenish white; whorls 7, with profound, minutely crenulated suture; parietal wall with laminar tooth, lip flexuous, reflected; umbili- cus rather large. I)iam., 6-10 mill. Hong Kong, China. Mollendorff, who has described vars. medius, attenuatus and nanuSj describes the animal as yellowish or orange with the tentacles yellow to blood-red. S. SOULEYETIANUS, Petit. PI. 14, figs. 4-6. Rimately umbilicated, greenish yellow ; whorls 6-7, closely costate-striate above, obsoletely decussated by spiral lines, the penultimate whorl subangulated ; base smoothish shining ; a lamina on the parietal wall ; lip white, narrowly reflected. Diam., 13 mill. Seychelles Islands. , S. COSTULATUS, Mollendorff. PL 15, figs. 27, 28. Narrowly umbilicated, thin, yellowish ; whorls 6^, closely arcuately costulate above, smoothish below; parietal wall with an entering plica, peristome expanded-reflected, arcuate and thinner above. Diam., 7 mill. China. Closely allied in form to S. Sinensis, Gould, but distinguished at once by the costulate upper surface. S. COMBOIDES, Orb. PL 15, figs. 34-36. Shell perforate, smoothish, shining, yellowish ; whorls 6-7, faintly striulate ; parietal lamina entering, compressed ; peris- tome white, widely expanded, reflected, arcuate and obtusely unidentate above, obsoletely thickened in the middle of the base. Diam., 10'5 mill. Bolivia. Approaches Section Odontartemon. S. BOREALIS, Heude. PL 15, figs. 29-31. Cylindrically narrowly umbilicated, glassy pellucid, polished ; whorls 6, flattened, laterally convex, with narrow suture, obsoletely costulate-striate above ; parietal lamina strong, com- pressed ; lip white, thickened and reflected, sinuous above, with an obsolete tubercle or varix on the outer lip and another on the inner, more or less developed. Diam. 6'5, length 10 mill. China. 74 STREPTAXIS. S. PETITI, Gould. PL 14, figs. 16-18. Narrowly umbilicate, thin, pellucid, greenish white, whorls 7, closely ribbed-striate, the last smooth on the base, the penulti- mate subangulate ; parietal lamina moderate, compressed, entering; lip widely expanded, reflected, the margins sub- parallel. Diam., 10 mill. Near Tavoy, Burmah. S. GLABER, Pfeiffer. PI. 15, figs. 24-26. Narrowly umbilicated, thin, pellucid, greenish white, smooth ; whorls 6, suture white-margined ; parietal wall with a minute tooth ; lip white, somewhat thickened, narrowly reflected. Diam., 8 mill. Demerara. S. DEFORMIS, Fer. PL 27, fig. 10. Narrowly umbilicated, thin, shining, pellucid, smooth, shining white ; whorls 6, with deep suture ; parietal wall with a more or less distinct minute tooth or thickening, near the junction of the outer lip ; lip slightly expanded and shortly reflected. Diam., 7'5 mill. Venezuela, Surinam, Islands of Trinidad, t and Barbadoes, W. I. This is too closely allied to the preceding species, and to the edentulate S. Candeanus, Pfr. The three forms may need to be united. S. PFEIFPERI, Zelebor. PL 14, fig. 13. Perforate, thinnish, white; whorls 6, with deep suture, shell arcuately costulate above, smooth below, the last whorl obso- letely angulated on the periphery ; a compressed lamina on the parietal wall near the insertion of the lip ; lip narrowly reflected, thinner and arcuate above. Diam., 9 mill. Camorta, Nicobar Islands. Unfigured Species. S. FORTUNEI, Pfeiffer. Shanghai, China. S. PORREOTUS, Pfeiffer. Laos Mountains, Cambodia. S. MAUGERI^, Gray. Sierra Leone. S. SINUOSUS, Pfeiffer. Cochin China. S. SCHWEITZERI, Dohrn. Liberia. S. ERYTHROCEROS, Mollendorff. Southern China. STREPTAXIS. 75 Subsection III. Pariete aperturali et peristomate armatis (Odontartemon, Pfr.}. S. DECIPIENS, Crosse. PL 15, fig. 44. Shell perforate, smooth, shining, yellowish white; whorls 6J, lightly striulate ; parietal wall with a strong compressed lamina; lip white, widely expanded and reflected, arcuate, and bearing a single tooth above. Diam., 13*5 mill. Chili? ( Wright). S. BURMANICUS, Blanford. PL 14, fig. 14. Narrowly umbilicated, thin, corneous, whitish, finely and closely sinuately costulate ; whorls 6, the last with flattened base and angulately compressed around the umbilicus ; parietal tooth moderate ; lip white, thin, expanded-reflected, incurved above and basally, forming internal obsoletely dentiform pro- jections. Diam., 10 mill. Aracan. 5. TROBERTI, Petit. PL 15, fig. 57. Shell perforate, minutely striulate, shining, yellowish ; whorls 6, the last smooth, planulate and scrobiculate on the base ; parietal lamina compressed, entering, long; lip thick, white, expanded-reflected, with two basal teeth, the lower one the largest. Diam., 6 mill. West Africa. This is the type of Mr. Ancey's group Lammelliger. S. ANDAMANICUS, Benson. PL 14, figs. 1, 15. Shell rimately umbilicated, with oblique, curved, rib-like striae ; suture deep ; whorls 6, the last becoming smooth ; parietal wall with a compressed entering lamina; lip thin, acute, somewhat expanded, compressed above, forming an interior projection. Diam., 7 mill. Andaman Islands; Burmah. S. Blanfordianits, Theobald (fig. 15), from Burmah, is probably only a local variety, as supposed by Mr. Blanford. S. LAYARDIANUS, Benson. PL 15, figs. 22, 23. Arcuately rimate, thin, lightly striate, corneous-white, suture crenulated ; whorls 6, base slightly convex, umbilicus rugos'ely striate ; aperture triangular, with an entering parietal lamina, and triangular tubercle at the insertion of the lip ; lip expanded, 76 STREPTAXIS. slightly reflected, profoundly sinuated above, causing an internal projection, sinuous and reflected below. Diam., 10'5 mill. Ceylon. S. OBTUSUS, Stoliczka. PL 15, fig. 45. Perforate, closely arcuately costulate, costulse obsolete on the base; whorls 7, suture impressed; parietal wall laminate; lip thickened, with a small tooth on the outer, and another larger one on the columellar margin. Diam., 10'4 mill. 1 Moulmein, Province of Tenasserim, Burmah. S. FUCHSIANUS, Gredler. PI. 15, figs 39, 40. Infundibuliformly umbilicated,thin, shining, hyaline ; aperture very oblique, tridentate, with a tooth each on the middle of the outer and columellar margins, and a lamina on the parietal margin, the marginal teeth indicated exteriorly by scrobicula- tions ; lip reflected, sinuous above. Diam., 4'5 mill. Hunan, China. S. BIDENS, Mollendorff. PL 15, figs. 37, 38. Openly umbilicated, thin, shining, slightly arcuately striate ; greenish hyaline ; whorls 6, distinctly striated at the suture ; lip white, reflected, arcuate and thinner above ; parietal wall with a strong laminar tooth, with a smaller one opposite on the lip. Diam., 9 mill. Isl. of Hainan, China. S. DISTORTUS, Jonas. PL 15, figs. 58-60. Perforate, rather thin, diaphanous, closely arcuately striate above, suture, submarginate ; whorls 5J, the last smooth on the base, carinately compressed in front ; parietal wall with a com- pressed entering lamina; lip white, reflected, with, a basal tooth corresponding with an exterior scrobiculation. Diam., 10'5 mill. Guinea ( Jonas) ; Isl. Rodriguez (Mus. Cuming). S. PEROTTETI, Petit. PL 15, figs. 68, 69. Profoundly rimate, rather thin, lightly striated, yellowish white, spire submarginate ; whorls 6-J- ; aperture with two subparallel laminae; lip rather thin, expanded-reflected, with three teeth, situated within the outer, basal and columellar margins respec- tively. Diam., 9'5 mill. Nilgiri Mountains, India. STREPTAXTS. ' « 77 S. ABERRATUS, Souleyet. PL 15, figs. 65-67. Perforate, faintly arcuately striated, shining, pellucid, greenish white, suture submarginate ; whorls 6-7, compressed around the umbilicus ; aperture with a strong tongue-shaped parietal lamina, and five teeth within the reflected lip, with corresponding exterior scrobiculations. Diam., 10 mill. Cochin China. S. THEOBALDI, Benson. PL 16, figs. 86, 14. Rimately perforate, thinly striate, striae stronger at the suture and umbilicus, white, shining, suture impressed, submarginate; who/ls 5^, the last compressed around the umbilicus, tri- scrobiculate around the peristome ; peristome reflected, arcuate above ; aperture seven-toothed, three teeth on the outer wall, two on the base, two on the parietal wall. Diam., 6 mill. Khasia Mts., India. The dentition varies, as shown by fig. 14. S. DAFLAENSIS, Godwin-Austen. PL 15, figs. 74-76. Obliquely perforate, minutely striated, white, suture well- marked ; whorls 6^, the last compressed below, near the umbili- cus, so as to form a fold running up to a second and shorter fold on the outer margin ; peristome slightly reflected ; parietal lamina strongly developed and connected with the parietal callus ; there are five lip teeth, the middle one furthest within the aperture. Diam., 8 mill. Near Tanir Peak, Dafla Hills (4000 feet), Assam. Much larger, more lengthened and flatter than S. Theobaldi, with a greater number of whorls, and more developed parietal lamina. S. PYRIFORMIS, Pfeiffer. PL 15, figs. 61-63. Rimately perforate, thin, closely striate above, smooth below, diaphanous, yellowish ; whorls 5^, scrobiculated at the aperture; aperture with three lip teeth and a lamina on the parietal wall. Diam., 10 mill. IsL of Rodriguez. S. WATSONI, Blanford. PL 15, fig. 64. Narrowly umbilicated, corneous white, shining, arcuately striate above, obsoletely striulate below, with white lines towards the suture of the last whorl ; whorls 6, with impressed 78 . ' STREPTAXTS. suture; lip reflected, somewhat thickened, whitish, with three lip teeth and a pair of lamellae on the parietal wall. I)iam., 6*5 mill. Nilgirri Mountains, India. Yar. ^9. Peristome five-dentate, of which three are normal, with an additional small one towards the sinus of the aperture, and a minute one near the umbilicus. S. CUMINGIANUS, Pfeiffer. PI. 15, figs. 54-56. Perforate, smooth, greenish white ; whorls 1 ; peristome nar- rowly expanded, margins joined by a callus, with two teeth ; parietal wall with an entering lamina. Diam., 6*6 mill. Hab. Brazil ? S. STREPTODON, Moricand. PI. 15, figs. 52, 53. Perforate, lightly striate, shining, yellowish white ; whorls H ; lip white, widely reflected, bearing two teeth not attaining the margin ; parietal wall with a long flexuous lamina. Diam. 7, alt. 9 mill. Bahia, Brazil. Differs from the next species in its larger size and contorted parietal lamina. S. DEJECTUS, Petit. PI. 15, figs. 47-49. Perforate, thin, striulate, shining, yellowish white ; whorls 6J, the last infundibuliform around the umbilicus ; parietal wall plicate ; lip reflected, bidentate, the basal tooth transverse. Diam., 7'3 mill. Bahia, Brazil. S. CINGALENSIS, Benson. PI. 15, figs. 50, 51. Arcuately rimately perforate, solid, obsoletely costnlately striate, polished below, corneous white, spture crenulated ; whorls 6 ; umbilicus striated, with impressed surrounding lines ; lip reflected, sinuated above, bidentate; parietal wall with a strong, entering lamina. Diam., 11 mill. Ceylon. S. CANARICUS, Beddome. PI. 15, figs. 70-72. Narrowly umbilicated, somewhat shining, filiformly striate, yellowish ; suture submarginate ; whorls 5J, the penultimate one acutely carinate behind, the last one with three constrictions below the aperture, convex below, compressed around the STREPTAXTS. 79 umbilicus ; aperture with six lip teeth and a twisted lamina on the parietal wall ; lip white, rather broadty expanded, the extrem- ities joined by a parietal callus. Diam., 8 mill. S. Canara, W. India. S. SIAMENSIS, Pfeiffer. PL 15, fig. 73. Imperviously umbilicate, diaphanous, white, lightly costulately striate, suture smooth, submarginate ; whorls 6J, the penultimate acutely carinate, the last smooth and shining below ; peristome white, reflected, flexuous above, four-toothed ; parietal wall with a tongue-shaped lamina. Diam., 11 '5 mill. Siam. S. DEPLANCHEI, Drouet. PL 16, figs. 80-82. Narrowly umbilicated, diaphanous, smooth, very shining, sub- hyaline, white ; whorls 5 ; aperture with elongate basal and two parietal teeth — of which the lower is strongest ; lip white, reflected. Diam., 5 mill. Ilet la mr^ negr Cayenne. S. CONCINNUS, Blanford. PL 16, figs. 90-92. Shell umbilicated, rather indistinctly striate, shining, translu- cent, pale yellowish white ; whores 5, the last convex, smooth and polished below, compressed around the umbilicus, especially near the mouth, with furrows corresponding with the teeth of the aperture ; aperture with two parietal and five lip teeth — one on the columellar margin near the umbilicus, a second large and double near the base, one lamellar and transverse at the base, two inside the right margin, the lower being the larger and almost bifid ; lip white, slightl}* expanded, extremities joined by a parietal callus. Diam., 6 mill. So. India. S. PRONUS, Blanford. PL 16, figs. 93-95. Umbilicated, closely ribbed-striate above, polished, translu- cent, pale yellowish white, suture but little impressed ; whorls 5^, last whorl somewhat flattened beneath, compressed around and striate within the umbilicus, scrobiculate behind the aperture ; aperture with a strong re-entering parietal plait, curved within and subbifid in front, and four teeth — one columellar, one basal, and two (of which the upper is small) inside the right margin ; peristome white, thickened, expanded, subcontinuous by a thick callus projecting from the parietal wall. Diam.. 6'*5 mill. India. 80 STREPTAXIS. S. PERSONATUS, Blanford. PL 16, figs. 83-85. Umbilicated, smooth, shining, translucent, pale yellowish white, suture impressed ; whorls 5, the last convex below and compressed around the umbilicus, scrobiculated behind the mouth ; aperture with a parietal lamina, and five lip teeth — of which three are on the columellar and two on the right margin ; peristome thickened, almost continuous, the parietal callus being raised. Diam., 5 mill. Madura, India. The teeth vary, being sometimes smaller, or the upper colu- mellar tooth wanting ; in one case the upper tooth of the right margin is also deficient. S. COMPRESSUS, Blanford. PL 16, figs. 96, 9t, 100. Rather openly but not perviously umbilicated, scarcely striated, translucent, glossy, yellowish white, suture but little impressed ; whorls 4J, penultimate bluntly keeled posteriorly, the last flattened and smooth below, compressed around the umbilicus, scrobiculate behincj the mouth ; aperture with five teeth, of which four are in the lip, and a re-entering bifid plait on the parietal callus; peristome thickened and expanded, sinuate above. Diam., 6 mill. Tinnevelly, India. A variety has distinct but very fine close filiform raised lines on the upper surface and inside the umbilicus, and the parietal lamina is double. S. MOUHOTI, Pfeiffer. PL 15, fig. 46. Perviously umbilicated, thinnish, closely oblique ribbed- striate, whitish, suture impressed, submarginate ; whorls 6|, the last becoming smooth and flattened below ; aperture with an entering parietal lamina and three minute lip teeth ; peristome white, narrowly reflected, slightly arcuated above. Diam., 13 mill. Siam. S. BULBULUS, Morelet. PL 15, figs. 41-43. 4 Openly perforate, solid, arcuately costulate, somewhat shining, white ; whorls 6 J, the last compressed and angulated around the umbilicus ; aperture with a strong parietal lamina and sometimes GIBBUS. 81 a contiguous tubercle, and three somewhat basally situated lip- teeth ; peristoine thickened, reflected, thinner and sinuous above. Long. 16*5, diam. 11 mill. IsL Poulo Condor, Cochin China. Type of Mr. Ance}^'s group Oophana. Unfigured Species of the Subsection Odontartemon. S. CAVICOLA, Gredler. China. S. LEONENSIS, Pfeiffer. Sierra Leone. S. EBURNEUS, Pfeiffer. Cochin China. S. FOOTEI, W. and H. Blanford. India. The original description and figures of this species are not accessible to me. It is stated to be perhaps a .variety of S. PerotettL S. ELISA, Gould. Mergui Archipelago. S. BIDENS, Mollendorff. China. S. PACHYCHILUS, Mollendorff. China Genus GIBBUS, Montfort, 1810. Section GIBBUS (s. stricto). G. LYONETIANUS, Pallas. PI. 21, figs. 78, 79, 80, 81. Corneous yellow or yellowish white ; parietal wall with a tooth ; umbilicus profound^ rimate. Length, 30 mill. Isle of France. Gmelin called it Trochus distortus, and Bowdich Pupa modio- linus. Var. ANTONI, Pfr. Figs. 80, 81. Shell openly umbilicated, parietal wall of aperture toothless. Pupa Grateloupiana, Pfr., is a synonym. Var. SINISTRORSUS, Nevill. Shell reversed. Rare. Var. OBTUSUS, Pfr. Unfigured. Considered a variety only, by von Martens. 6 82 GTBBUS. Section PASSAMAELLA, Pfr., 1877. G. PASSAMAIANUS, Petit. PL 17, figs. 29, 36, 37. Magnified. White, moderately solid; aperture ear-shaped, the lip thin, reflected, with a single or double tooth within, and a stronger one on the columellar margin. Length, 11-12 mill. Socotra. Found on the south side of the island, on limestone rocks, at nearly 1000 ft. alt. Section GONIODOMUS, Swains., 1840. G. PAGODA, Fer. PL 21, figs. 82, 83. . Yellowish brown, often streaked with a deeper shade. Length, 33 mill. Mauritius. This is Pupa idolum, Menke, and Helix concamerata, Wood. The young shell was described by Reeve as Helix Barclayana (fig. 83). Section PLICADOMUS, Swains., 1840. G. SULCATUS, Miiller. PL 21, fig. 84. Brownish yellow. Length, 30 mill. Mauritius. G. MULLERT, Morelet. Profoundly rimate, minutely plicate-costulate, calcareous; spire lengthened, apex obtuse, whorls 9 ; aperture vertical, ovately rhomboidal, the margin thin, slightly expanded. L. 30, diam. 15 mill. Mauritius (subfossil). TJnfigured. Like G. sulcatus, but has one more whorl, longer spire, and finer sculpture. G. NEWTONI, H. Adams. PL 21 , fig. 85. Profoundly arcuately rimate, obliquely finely costate ; light yellowish. Length, 24 mill. Mauritius. Section EDENTULINA, Pfr., 1855. G. OVOIDEUS, Brug. PL 17, fig. 18. Nearly smooth, whitish or yellowish white. Length, 2 inches. Madagascar, Ins. Mayotte. Is Bulimus grandis, Desh. GIBBUS. 83 G. OBESUS, Gibbons. PI. 17, fig. 21. Smooth, white, semi transparent, peristome opaque white, suture linearly margined. Length, 1 inch. Zanzibar ; near Lake Nyassa. Except in size very like the preceding species, of which it may be a dwarf variety. G. TUMIDUS, Morelet. PI. 17, fig. 19. White, cretaceous, smooth, under a thin, waxy yellow epider- mis, partly eroded, rimately perforate, solid, suture narrowly margined, columella obliquely plicate, lip somewhat thickened and shortly reflected. Length, 36 mill. Hob. unknown. Is possibly only a variety of G. ovoideus. G. INTERMEDIUS, Morelet. PL 17, figs. 20, 22, 23. Profoundly riniate, obsoletely costulate ; white ; suture im- pressed, submarginate ; columella receding, plicate ; lip narrowly expanded, somewhat thickened. Length, 36 mill. Madagascar. Figs. 22 and 23 represent a variety found on the island of Nossi-Be, N. W. of Madagascar. G. LIBERIANUS, Lea. PI. 17, fig. 26. Rimate, finely obliquely striate, and very finely impressly spirally striate, smooth, polished, suture submarginate ; hyaline white. Length, 1 inch. Liberia. Bulimus pupulus, Morelet, is a synonym. The animal is grass- green. G. INSIGNIS, Pfr. PI. 17, fig. 16. Shortly rimate, very thin, pellucid, decussated by very slight striae ; columella receding, dentate-plicate, lip thin, expanded. Length, 37 mill. Gaboon, Africa. Get MARTENST, E. A. Smith. PI. 17, fig. 17. Like the preceding species in general form, but is perforated, somewhat heavier, columella not plicate, longitudinal striae stronger, the spiral striae only visible in their interstices ; the 84 GIBBUS. longitudinal lines change from coarse line to a nearty smooth surface on the front of the body-whorl just above the aperture. West Africa. The figure was given by Dr. von Martens as representing G. insignis, but Mr. Smith states that it appears to be his species. G. MINOR, Morelet. PL 17, fig. 24. Deeply rimate-umbilicated, minutely closely longitudinally striate, suture narrowly margined, lip somewhat thickened, expanded-reflected ; alabaster-white, translucent. Length, 21 mill. Madagascar. G. LATUS, E. A. Smith. PI. IT, figs. 34, 35. Rimate, transparent white, thinnish, obliquely striated, and finely serrated beneath the suture; lip a little thickened, nar- rowly reflected. Length, 20 mill. Central Africa. G. CROSSEANUS, Morelet. PL 20, fig. 43. Profoundly rimate, tumid, thin, densely filiformly striate, shining, subpellucid ; light horn-color ; columella obliquely slightly plicate^ lip callous, slightly reflected ; suture narrowly marginate. Length, 15 mill. Ins. Mayotte. G. VITREUS, Morelet. PL IT, fig. 33. Subrimate, thin, shining, subdiaphanous, white, suture dentic- ulated ; margin of aperture slightly expanded. Length, 1 1 mill. Golungo-Alto, Angola, Africa. G. ARENICOLA, Morelet. PL IT, fig. 32. Shortly rimate, thin, arcuately ribbed-striate, shining, light yellowish white, shortly denticulate beneath the suture, colu- mella dilated above, outer lip thin, slightly reflected. Length, 13 mill. Madagascar. * * * The following species, placed by Pfeiffer in Edentulina, appear to me to be quite as close to Gonospira. G. DUSSUMIERI, Reeve. PL IT, fig. 38. Obliquely striulate, shining, yellowish corneous; umbilicus perforate, lip expanded. Length, 16'5 mill. Seychelles Islands. GIBBUS. 85 G. ANODON, Pfr. PL 17, figs. 27, 28. Profoundly rimate, distinctly obliquely striate, alabastrine ; columella obliquely plicate above, margin of aperture somewhat thickened, subrepand. Length, 15-17 mill. Mauritius, Ins. Mayotte, Fig. 28 represents a chestnut-brown variety, a rather unusual color in the genus. G. REEVEANUS, Pfr. PL 17, fig. 31. Shortly rimate, rather thin, distinctly obliquely plicate-striate. shining, greenish hyaline ; suture submarginate, in the last whorl closely denticulated ; lip white, slightly reflected. Length, 15 mill. Hob. unknown. Appears to be closety related to the preceding species ; I am not acquainted with it. G. STYLODON, von Martens. PL 17, figs. 39, 40. Closely related to G. Reeveanus, Pfr., but distinguished by having a tuberculiform tooth on the columella. Length, 12-13 mill. Bonjongo, W. Africa. Section GONOSPIRA, Swainson, 1840. G. METABLETA, Crosse. PL 21, fig. 86. Profoundly rimate, rather thin, closely obliquely costulate, bluish white, scarcely shining, margin of lip white, shortly expanded. Length, 19 mill. Isl. of Rodriguez. It is G. DupontianuSj Crosse, not Nevill. G. DEALBATUS, Webb and Berthelot. PL 21, fig. 2. Shortly and profoundly rimate, closely obliquely ribbed- striated ; whitish; lip shortly reflected. Length, 18 mill. Canary Islands* G. FUNICULA, Yal. PL 21, fig. 88. Profoundly rimate, obliquely closely ribbed-striate ; lip sub- simple, very shortly expanded ; dirty white. Length, 12-14 mill. Mauritius. According to Nevill, is a synonym of G. versipolis, Fer., but it appears to me to differ considerably from that species. 86 . G1BBUS. G. RODBIGUEZENSIS, Crosse. PL 21, fig. 91. Rimate, rather thin, subtranslucent, closely obliquely costnlate- striate, milk-white, somewhat shining ; lip white, hardly reflected. Length, 12'5 mill. Isl. Rodriguez. G. TURGIDULUS, Deshayes. PL 21, fig. 90. Perforate, undulately thinly striate, suture well-impressed. Length, 7 mill. Isle of Bourbon. G. CHLORIS, Crosse. PL 21, fig. 92. Profoundly rimate-perforate, thin, translucent, obliquely costulate, scarcely shining ; livid yellowish white ; lip rather thin, scarcely reflected. Length, 6 mill. 7s/. of Rodriguez. Lighter colored, with more oblique aperture than the prece- ding species, and also differs in the lip-margin being subinflected above. G. MORELETI, H. Adams. PL 21, fig. 87. Rimate, moderately solid, obliquely closely striate; dirty white; suture submarginate ; lip expanded and slightly reflected, a little constricted in the middle, columella slightly dilated above. Length, 11 mill. Silhouette Isl., Seychelles Archip. G. PALANGA, Fer. PL 21, figs. 89, 94. Rimate, moderately solid, closely striate, whitish under a yellowish or light brownish epidermis ; columella deeply obso- letely plicate, parietal margin often toothed ; lip a little thickened, shortly expanded. Length, 1 inch. Mauritius. This is G.fusus, of Lamarck, Kiister, etc., but not of Miiller. M. Morelet speaks of a variety which has a more cylindrical spire, greater diameter, and more rounded apex; it rarely retains its epidermis. G. NEVILLI, H. Adams. PL 21, fig. 93. Rimate, obliquely sinuately ribbed ; aperture with an obsolete columellar plica, and a compressed entering parietal tooth ; lip shortly expanded, slightly labiate within ; whitish. Length, 1 inch. Mauritius. QIBBUS. 87 G. PALANGULA, Morelet. PI. 22, fig. 5. Narrowly rimate, closely striate, suture marginate ; light yellowish ; columella plicate, parietal wall also with a small plica, lip somewhat thickened. Length, 14 mill. Mauritius. This is G. productus, H. Adams, published two years later. The name of palangula was printed by Fe'russac on one of his plates representing a different shell, but he did not describe the species ; subsequently Pfeiffer described it under the name of G. teres, This, it appears to me, allows Morelet 's name to stand. G. TERES, Pfeiffer. PL 22, fig. 12. Shortly rimate, rather thin, obliquely plicate, diaphanous, corneous white; lip thin, slightly expanded. Length, 10 mill. Mauritius. This is, according to Morelet, the figured but not described Helix palangula, Fer. G. CYLINDRELLUS, H. Adams. PI. 22. fig. 11. Arcuately rimate, thin, obliquely costate, dirty white ; aper- ture with a parietal lamella, lip shortly expanded and reflected. Length, 11 mill. Isle of Bourbon. G. DESHAYESII, H. Adams. PI. 22, fig. 10. Profoundly rimate, thin, pellucid, shining obliquely lightly striulate, light corneous ; suture narrowly margined ; aperture with small parietal tooth, lip scarcely expanded, sinuous. Length, 4*5 mill. Isle of Bourbon. G. DUPONTIANUS, Nevill. PL 21, fig. 95. Openly rimate ; yellowish corneous ; closely strongly obliquely sulcate, the ribs wide and flexuous ; no parietal tooth, columella plicate, peristome widely expanded, light yellowish. Length, 14-5 mill. Mauritius. G. ADAMSIANUS, G. and H, NevilL PL 21, fig. 96. Scarcely rimate, longitudinally costulate ; white; aperture with sm,a^l parietal tooth, lip reflected. Length, 18 mill. Mauritius. 88 OIBBUS. G. MODIOLUS, Ferussac. PI. 21, figs. 97, 1. Profoundly rimate, rather thin, closely obliquely costulate ; white; lip shortly expanded, parietal tooth small. Length, 1 inch. Mauritius. Var. MINOR (fig. 1). Length, 18 mill. G. MAURITIANUS, Morelet. PI. 21, figs. 98, 3. Profoundly rimate, thin, corneous white, more or less diaph- anous, thickly flexuously costulate, suture shortly toothed ; lip somewhat thickened and a little expanded, parietal wall some- times with a minute tooth. Length, 19-22 mill. Mauritius. Var. MINOR (fig. 3). Length, 15 mill. Closely allied to G. modiolus, but appears to be thinner, more finely and regularly striate, whorls a little more convex, the last one less developed, aperture more perpendicular, parietal cal- losity thinner, parietal tooth generally wanting. These differ- ences should probably be considered varietal rather than specific. G. MONDRAINI, H. Adams. PI. 21, fig. 99. Profoundly arcuately rimate, very obliquely flexuously cos- tate ; dirty yellowish ; aperture with a parietal tooth near the lip; lip somewhat thickened, expanded and a little reflected, subsinuous in the middle. Length, 20 mill. Mauritius. G. BARCLAYI, H. Adams. PI. 21, fig. 4. Profoundly rimate, obliquely costulate, suture distinct, sub- marginate ; lip almost continuous, thickened, expanded, subre- flected, parietal tooth small ; epidermis straw-yellow. Length, It mill. Mauritius. Dr. von Martens suspects that this is identical with the next species; judging from the figures, however, there is about the usual amount of distinction between species in this group. G. FARINOSUS, Troschel. PL 21, fig. 5. Rimate, opaque, white ; arcuately remotely obliquely costate ; lip simple, subreflected, the margins joined by a shining callus, parietal tooth moderate. Length, 14 mill. ffab. unknown. GIBBUS. 89 G. CLAVULUS, H. Adams. PL 21, fig. 100. Profoundly rimate, somewhat thin, obliquely flexuously cos- tellate, suture slightly dentate, last whorl subangulate at the periphery, subplanate at base ; parietal wall with a strong lamelliform tooth, columellar stoutly callous, obsoletely dentate, lip subthickened, expanded, continuous. Length, 18 mill. Mauritius. Mr. Nevill and Dr. von Martens make this = the unfigured G. striaticosta, Morelet ; if this be so, the latter name should be used, having two years' priority of publication. G. VERSIPOLIS, Ferussac. PL 21, fig. 6 ; PL 22, fig. 2. Profoundly rimate, rather thin, closely obliquel}' costellate, somewhat shining, subdiaphanous ; light straw-color; parietal wall sometimes dentate, lip somewhat thickened, shortly ex- panded. Length, 12 mill. Mauritius. Yar. MINOR (fig. 2). Spire more conoidal. Length, 10 mill. Pupa modiolus, Pot. et Mich., and Bulimus trochalus, Albers, are synonyms. G. BOURGUIGNATI, Desh. PL 22, figs. 3, 6. Profoundly rimate, suture narrow, deep, irregularly plicate- striate ; yellowish gray ; lip thickened within, slightly expanded, continuous, parietal tooth small, obtuse. Length, 11 mill. Isle of Bourbon. Yar. INTERSECTA. Desh. Fig. 6. Spire somewhat more elevated, with distant distinct irregular oblique costae. Length, 11 mill. G. CALLIFER, Morelet. PL 22, fig. 4. Profoundly rimate, thin, diaphanous, corneous, obliquely flexu- ously costulate, the riblets bent upwards near the suture and a little sharper there ; parietal wall with a small compressed tooth, lip somewhat expanded, continuous. Length. 10-12 mill. Mauritius. G. HOLOSTOMA, Morelet. PL 22, fig. 7. Profoundly rimate, obliquely flexuously costulate ; corneous ; aperture with a compressed, elongate, parietal tooth, lip 90 ENNEA. thickened, shortly expanded, continuous, right margin dilated above. Length, 8-9 mill. Mauritius. G. BACILLUS, Pfr. PL 22, fig. 9. Profoundly, arcuately rimate, solid, somewhat obliquely striated, suture lightly dentate; alabastrine white ; lip shortly expanded, strongly margined within, parietal lamella small. Length. 13 mill. Mauritius. Unfigured Species. G. MACROGYRUS, Mousson. Isle of Gomera. Described from a single imperfect specimen, subfossil, and compared with G. dealbatus. G. HELODES, G. BREVIS, G. MODiOLTNUS, all of Morelet. Mauritius. G. UTRICULUS, Menke. Hab. ? Subgenus ENNEA, H. and A. Ad., 1855. Section UNIPLICARIA, Pfr., 1855. E. CEREA, Dunker. PI. 18, fig. 41. Subrimate, moderately solid, closely obliquely lirate, slightty shining, subdiaphanous ; yellowish; columella obliquely plicate, parietal wall with a linguiform lamella. Length, 16 mill. Zanzibar, Madagascar, Ins. Comoro. E. PLANTI, Pfr. PL 17, fig. 25. Shortly rimate, somewhat thin, closely obliquely striate, shining, pellucid ; hyaline corneous ; base smooth ; columella with an oblique profound plica, parietal wall with a thin lamella near the insertion of the outer lip; lip white, thin, narrowly reflected, margin thickened within. Length, 16 mill. Natal. E. PUMILIO, Gould. PL 18, fig. 49. Rimate, somewhat solid, closely obliquely striate, scarcely shining ; yellowish white ; suture closely crenate ; aperture with a parietal plica and profound columellar tooth, lip dilated- expanded, outer margin slightly arcuate. Length, 13 mill. Liberia. ENNEA. 91 E. SORGHUM, Morelet. PI. 18, fig. 45. Shortly rimate, thin, obliquely striate, scarcely shining, pel- lucid ; light horn-color ; suture submargined, crenulated ; lip simple, slightly expanded, parietal wall with a small tooth. Length, 5 mill. Prince's Isle. E. MICRODON, Morelet. PI. 18, fig. 44. Shortly rimate, thin, minutely closely striate, shining, diapha- nous ; grayish white ; suture submargined and crenulated ; columella compressed, obliquely receding, parietal tooth long, obsolete, lip subthickened, and slightly reflected, white. Length, 13 mill. Madagascar. E. DOHRNI, Smith. PI. 18, figs. 54, 55. Rimate, scarcely striate, shortly and obsoletely plicate towards the sutures, shining, hyaline ; parietal tooth small, compressed, outer margin of lip flexuous, produced within into a median angle. Length, 10 mill. W. Africa. E. MONODON, Morelet. PI. 18, figs. 62, 63. Rimate, striulate, shining, milk-white, suture dentate ; parietal plica short, compressed, outer lip simple, above produced within into a tooth, columella dilated, subexpanded. Length, 11 mill. Gabon, W. Africa. Readily distinguished by its form from all other species of the group. E. conica, Martens, is a synonym. E. BEDDOMEI, Blanford. An unfigured species, having two parietal plicae, and two or three small, depressed, deep-seated columellar teeth. Length, 3-75 mill. India. Section NEVILLIA, Martens, 1880. E. CLAVULATA, Lam. PI. 18, fig. 53. Rimate, sharply, closely, longitudinally costulate, thin, trans- lucent ; epidermis horn-color ; lip simple, laterally compressed, somewhat expanded, the right margin slightly incurved in the middle ; parietal lamella compressed, thin, conspicuous. Length, 7-8 mill. Mauritius. Helix modiolinus, Fe*r., is a synonym. 92 ENNEA. E. UVULA, Desh. PL 22, fig. 8. Rimate, thinly, regularly, longitudinally costulatc ; epidermis yellowish gray ; lip expanded, parietal tooth compressed. Length, 6 mill. Isle of Bourbon. E. MODESTA, H. Adams. PI. 18,. fig. 60. Profoundly perforate, rather thin, closely longitudinally cos- tellate, shining, pellucid ; hyaline corneous ; aperture obliquely subquadrangular, with expanded lip, a parietal plica and incurved outer margin. Length, 5 mill. Mauritius. According to Nevill the unfigured E. Caldwelli, Morelet. is identical. E. CRYPTOPHORA, Morelet. PI. 18, fig. 80. Perforate, closely longitudinally costellate, crystalline ; aper- ture with a parietal and columellar plicae, outer lip subbidentate. Length, 2 mill. Comoro Isles. E. CRYSTALLUM, Morelet. PL 18, fig. 50. Shortly rimate, thin, rather faintly striate, suture shortly den- ticulate, 'hyaline, pellucid; parietal wall toothed, columella pro- foundly obsoletely plicate; lip simple, thin, expanded. Length, 7*5 mill. Prince's 7s/., W. Africa. Pupa hyalina, Pfr., is a synonym. E. STENOPYLIS, Benson. PL 18, fig. 65. Curved rimate, closely costulate ; epidermis j^ellowish horn- color ; body-whorl compressed below, subscrobiculate ; aperture subaxial, obliquely subtriangular,lip callously expanded, parietal plica large, right margin dentate within. Length, 3'5 mill. Darjiling, Himalayas, India. E. PERAKENSIS, Godwin-Austen and Nevill. PL 16, fig. 15. Shell solid, profoundly openly umbilicated, greenish crystal- line ; strongly costulate, the riblets subinterrupted at the basal angle, becoming obsolete on the base, but again appearing upon the wall of the umbilicus ; base subplanate, the umbilical region ENNEA. 93 defined by an angle ; aperture quadrangular and quadriden- tate. Alt. 1-6, diam. 2 mill. Buket Pondong cave, Perak, Malacca. Similar in general form to immature specimens of the prece- ding species ; probably not adult. E. LARVULA, Heude. PI. 20, fig. 66. Umbilicated, regularly ribbed, subhyaline ; aperture with parietal plica, columella and outer lip each bearing a tooth, lip thickened, reflected. Length, 3*5 mill. China. E. STROPHIOIPES, Gredler. PI. 20, figs. 70, 71. Openly umbilicated, somewhat distantly costate ; lip strongly callous, reflected, parietal plica well-developed, outer lip den- tately thickened in the middle, with sometimes an inferior thickening, columella often lamelliformly produced within, half- closing the aperture, the edges of the lamella tridentate. Length, 4*5 mill. China. E. MICROSTOMA, Mollendorff. PI. 20, fig. 59. Openly umbilicated, rather distantly costate, hyaline, some- what shining, pellucid ; base compressed, obtusely carinate ; aperture with a parietal plica and two remotely situated tooth- like calluses situated on the columella and outer lip ; lip dilated, expanded. Length, 2-75 mill. China. Is this distinct from the preceding species? E. Kermorganti, Ancey, an unfigured Chinese species, appears to be closely related to, if not identical with, the above. Section ENNEASTRUM, Pfr., 1855. E. ELEGANTULA, Pfeiffer. PL 18, fig. 75. Shortly rimate, smooth, shining, hyaline, the last whorl exter- nally sulcate, corresponding with two spiral lamellae within the aperture ; lip thickened, somewhat expanded, sinuate above, next the parietal plicae, columella with a superior remote tubercle. Length, 6'6 mill. Cape Palmas, Liberia. 94 ENNEA. E. PUP^EFORMIS, Morelet. PL 19, figs. 81, 82. Sinuously rimate, obliquely closely costellate, yellowish white ; moderately solid ; last whorl bicristate, corresponding with palatal lamellae, the upper one of which reaches the lip ; aperture with an entering lamella on the parietal wall near the outer lip, outer lip with a tooth-like thickening, columella with a profound bifid callus. Length, 17 mill. Angola. E. COMPLICATA, von Martens. PI. 20, figs. 67, 68. Subperpendicularly rimate, obliquely striate, whitish ; last whorl bisulcate; aperture with widely expanded margin, with two columellar oblique plicae, two palatal lamellae and a strong parietal plica. Length, 11 mill. BonjongoJ W. Africa. E. COLUMELLARIS, von Martens. PL 19, figs. 94, 95. Rimate, subobliquely costulate ; aperture seven-plicate, palate with two lamellae corresponding with external sulci, the parietal wall with a strong compressed plica, outer lip with a tubercle, the columella with three deep-seated teeth, of which the two upper ones are approximate. Length, 6-7 mill. Bopjongo, W. Africa. Too closely related to the next species. E. RINGICULA, Morelet. PL 19, figs. 87, 88. Sinuously rimate, rather thin, obliquely narrowly costulate ; horny white ; suture denticulately margined ; aperture with a strong parietal lamina, a tooth on the outer lip, two palatal lamellae corresponding with external sulcations, the upper one reaching the lip, columella tridentate, lip callous, slightly expanded, outer margin sinuous. Length, 10 mill. Angola. E. DENTICUL^A, Morelet. PL 27, figs. 12, 13. Arcuately rimate, smooth, shining ; light corneous, the suture white-margined and minutely denticulate ; last whorl biscrobic- ulate ; aperture with a parietal and two palatal plicae, columella callously thickened above, lip expanded, somewhat thickened, outer margin somewhat callous in the middle. Length, 7-8 mill. Abyssinia. ENNEA. 95 Yar. QUINQUEPLICATA, Jickeli. PI. 18, figs. 58, 59. Aperture with two additional plicae, on the columella ; surface narrowly longitudinally striate. Var. HILDEBRANDTI, Jickeli. PI. 18, figs. 66, 67. Shell brownish, costulately striate, columella callously thick- ened or subbiplicate above. Yar. HAMACENICA, Bourguignat. (Unfigured.) Columella with a single plication, whorls 8, instead of 10, as in the type. 'E. CALAMELI, Jousseaume. PI. 19, fig. 96. Yellowish white, opaque, distantly obliquely striate, the striae slightly flexuous, terminating in a denticulate suture, body- whorl bisulcate ; aperture seven-dentate, consisting of a strong parietal lamella, three strong columellar teeth, and three within the outer lip, the twro anterior of which are prolonged into lamellae, lip white, subsinuous, somewhat thickened and ex- panded. Length, 10 mill. Benguela. E. TRIGONOSTOMA, von Martens. PI. 18, figs. 76-78. Rimate, obliquely striate, the body-whorl bisulcate ; aperture subtriangular, quadriplicate, a large compressed parietal plica, outer lip incurved in the middle, with two palatal plicae not attaining the margin, columella with a deep-seated subvertical compressed plica. Length, 15-17 mill. Bonjongo, W. Africa. E. BATALHANA, Pfr. PL 18, figs. 51, 52. Rimate, somewhat solid, closely costulate-striate, suture sub- denticulate, last whorl bisulcate; alabastrine, translucent, whitish ; aperture with a strong parietal plica, two palatal lamellae, and a subdentate callus on the outer lip, corresponding with an exterior slight inflection, lip expanded, reflected. Length, 7 mill. Batalha, W. Africa. E. CHAPERI, Jousseaume. PL 18, fig. 64. Yellowish white, translucent, obliquely subundulately striate ; last whorl profoundly rimate, bisulcate ; aperture with a parietal plica, two palatal lamellae and a tooth-like projection on the 9f> ENNEA. outer lip, corresponding with a slight exterior sinuosity ; lip strong, thick, reflected. Length, 5'5-7'5 mill. Benguela. E. UJIJIENSIS, E. A. Smith. PI. 18, fig. 69. Obliquely rimatc, obliquely costulate, suture dentate ; last whorl bisulcate ; pale horn-color ; aperture with a parietal plica and two palatal lamellae, with one or two minor ridges below them, columella with an oblique subbasal fold and a smaller dentiform plait at the upper part. Length (apex broken off), 17 mill. Ujiji, Central Africa. Unfigured Species. E. BICRISTATA, Morelet. Gabon, W. Africa. E. DOHRNI, von Martens. Angola. Mr. E. A. Smith has also used this specific name. Section GULELLA, Pfeiffer, 1855. E. CAPITATA, Gould. PL 18, fig. 70. Arcuately rimate, finely obliquely striate, whitish, scarcely shining ; body-whorl compressed and- scrobiculate below ; lip expanded, thickened, somewhat reflected ; aperture with a tali compressed parietal plica, a deep-seated laminar tooth on the columella, a small tooth near the top, and a larger, complanate one near the base of the columellar lip, two approximate ones near the base, and a smaller single one near the top of the outer lip. Length, 13 mill. Cape Palmas, W. Africa. E. WAHLBERGI, Krauss. PI. 19, fig. 99. Arcuately rimate, smoothish, shining, pellucid, greenish hya- line ; body- whorl biscrobiculate anteriorly; aperture six-toothed, an entering, compressed parietal plica, a deep-seated columellar tooth, a short tooth at the base of the aperture, and three within the outer lip. Length, 9 mill. Natal, So. Africa. E. DELICATULA, Pfeiffer. PI. 19, fig. 2. Shortly rimate, rather thin, obliquely closely plica te-striate, hyaline, white, suture crenulately margined, last whorl slightly ENNEA. 97 scrobiculate ; aperture five-dentate, a flexuous lamella on the parietal wall, a profound bidentate plica on the columella, and a basal and two lip teeth on the outer lip ; lip white, reflected. Length, 5'fi mill. Natal, So. Africa. E. CAVIDENS, von Martens. PL 18, figs. 72-74. Rimate, yellowish white, obliquely striate, last whorl scrobic- ulate ;• aperture 6-7 denta.te, the lip widely reflected, with a large, compressed, subflexuous parietal plica, outer margin bidentate, the lower one larger, laminate, basal margin 1-2 dentate, columellar margin two-dentate, the lower one larger, transverse, entering. Length, 13-14 mill. Bonjongo, W. Africa. E. MENKEANA, Pfr. PL 18, fig. 79. Sinuately rimate, rather solid, somewhat obliquely closely costulate, diaphanous, whitish, suture margined with white teeth, base of body-whorl profoundly biscrobiculate ; aperture nearly closed by teeth, a blade-like tooth on the parietal wail, a second on the columella, a third at the base and two deep-seated ones on the outer lip ; lip white, expanded, somewhat reflected. Length, 11 mill. Natal, So. Africa. E. CRASSIDENS, Pfr. PL 19, fig. 100. Obliquely rimate, rather strongly plicate, whitish, body-whorl profoundly scrobiculate ; aperture with a short parietal lamina, two strong (sometimes confluent) teeth on the right margin, a small tooth at the base, and a larger profound one on the colu- mella ; lip white, somewhat reflected. Length, 6 mill. Natal , $o. Africa. E. ALBERSI, Pfr. PL 19, figs. 83, 84. Flexuously rimate, subperforate, somewhat solid, closely somewhat obliquely costulate, opaque, white, suture crenulated ; body-whorl biscrobiculate; aperture with a strong linguiform parietal lamella near the insertion of the dextral margin, a second compressed lamella on the columella, a basal tooth, and two on the outer lip; lip white, expanded, somewhat reflected. Length, 15 mill. Natal, So. Africa. 98 ENNEA. E. TNFRENDENS, Martens. PI. 19, fig. 86. Rimate, striulate, smoothish, hyaline, shining;, last whorl with a profound scrobiculation ; aperture nearly closed by the teeth, one high compressed lamella at the insertion of the columella, a deep-seated, bipartite columellar plica, two small teeth at the base, and two on the outer lip, the upper one the largest ; lip white, everywhere reflected. Length, 7 mill. Natal, So. Africa. E. ADAMSIANA, Pfr. PI. 19, fig. 85. Flexuously rimate, obliquely costulate, shining, yellowish ; suture denticulate, body-whorl profoundly scrobiculate ; aper- ture with a superior parietal lamella, a large lamella on the outer lip, two basal teeth, a profound plica, and anterior small nodule on the columella ; lip white, somewhat reflected, a little sinuous above. Length, 9 mill. Natal, So. Africa. E. DUNKERT, Pfr. PI. 19, fig. 89. Arcuately rimate, obliquely closely costulate, alabastrine, last whorl triscrobiculate ; aperture with a large parietal lamella, a triangular tubercle on the columella, and a smaller deep-seated one, with one tooth on the basal and three on the right margin, the upper one minute, lip expanded. Length, 8'3 mill. Natal, So. Africa. E. GOULDI, Pfr. PL 19, fig. 13. Obliquely rimate. rather thin, closely ribbed-striate, yellowish hyaline, body-whorl scarcely scrobiculate ; aperture with a parietal lamella, an obtuse tubercle on the columella, a tooth on the base, and three nearly equal ones on the right margin, lip white, callous, shortly reflected. Length, 8*5 mill. Port Natal, Africa. E. OBOVATA, Pfr. PL 19, fig. 4. Shortly arcuately rimate, thin, smoothish, hyaline, suture linearly margined, last whorl scrobiculate ; aperture with a pro- found columellar plica, a parietal lamina, a basal and two approximate marginal teeth, lip white, shortly expanded. Length, 6 mill. Liberia. ENNEA. 99 E. L^VIGATA, Dohrn. PI. 19, fig. 90. Sinuately rimate, somewhat solid, smooth, yellowish white; aperture with a parietal lamella, a profound plica on the colu- mella, and a small tooth below it, two teeth on the right margin, the upper one being larger, and tuberculate, lip shortly reflected. Length, 8 mill. Lake Nyassa, Africa. Var. SEXDENTATA, Martens. The right margin of the aperture with three subequal teeth, instead of two. Length, 7'5 mill. Zanzibar. E. COMORENSIS, Martens. PL 19, figs. 92, 93. Subrimato, diaphanous, shining, narrowly obliquely striate, yellowish white ; aperture with a strong parietal plica, a biden- tate wide colurnellar plica, a basal tooth, and two approximating ones on the right margin; lip scarcely thickened, distinctly reflected, subpitted externally. Length, f mill. Comoro Isles. E. DUPUYANA, Crosse. PI. 18, figs. 71, 42, 43. Subrimate, rather thin, smooth, shining, diaphanous, dirty yellowish ; aperture with a parietal lamina, a subhorizontal columellar plica, a minute subbasal tooth, and a central tooth on the right margin ; lip white, slightly thickened, expanded, subreflected. Length, 13 mill. Anjouan, Comoro Isles. E. guadridentata, Martens (figs. 42, 43), is a synonym. E. SPLENDENS, Mollendorff. PI. 20, figs. 62, 63. Umbilicated, faintly striulate, shining, hyaline, suture crenu- lated ; aperture with a strong parietal lamella, and two lip teeth corresponding with external depressions. Length, 3'5 mill. China. E. LUBRICA, Morelet. PI. 20, figs. 40, 41. Minutely rimate, smooth, shining, hyaline; aperture with a prominent parietal plica, two columellar teeth, the upper one strongest, outer lip with a median tooth ; lip callous, thick, margin shortly reflected, the right margin sinuous, scrobicnlate. Length, 9 mill. Ins. Mayotte. 100 ENNEA. E. STENOSTOMA, Beddome. PI. 18, fig. 56. Rimate, rather thick, smoothish, sometimes obliquely striate, dull, whitish ; aperture with a strong, re-entering parietal lamella, two columellar tubeicles, the upper one smaller and deep-seated, two small basal teeth, and a large bifid tooth on the right margin, lip white, expanded. Length, 3*5 mill. Karnul, India. E. NATALENSIS, Craven. PI. 20, figs. 57, 58. Subperforate, semitransparent, pale yellowish green, shining, indistinctly obliquely costulate, suture crennlated ; parietal lamella short, curved, outer lip with a small subcentral tooth, columella with two small teeth, one near the centre, the other near the base, lip somewhat expanded and reflected. Length, 9 mill. Natal, So. Africa. E. FISCHERIANA, Morelet. PI. 20, fig. 39. Flexuously rimate, obsoletely costulate, light corneous, last whorl scrobicnlate ; aperture with a parietal lamella, a tooth on the centre of the outer lip, another at its base, and a fourth deep-seated on the columella ; lip shortly expanded, sinuous. Length, 3 mill. Comoro Islands. Sometimes the parietal lamina is accompanied by a more pro- found very small tooth, and an additional small tooth is occa- sionally found in the throat of the shell. Section HUTTONELLA, Pfeiffer, 1855. E. KRAUSSI, Pfr. PL 19, fig. 91. Profoundly rimate, rather thin, smooth, shining, yellowish hyaline, last whorl scrobiculate ; aperture with a parietal lamina, a dentiform plica on the columella, a tooth at the base, and a larger one on the outer lip, lip white, slightly reflected. Length, 7'5 mill. Natal, So. Africa. E. CALLOSA, Morelet. PL 19, figs. 15, 16. Shortly rimate, smooth, shining, hyaline, last whorl scrobicu- late ; aperture with parietal lamina, a columellar tooth, one on ENNEA. 101 the right margin, and a callous thickening at the base, lip white, shortly subreflected. Length, 9 mill. Isle of Mayotte. Larger than the preceding species, and less cylindrical, aper- ture more triangular, and teeth differing in size. E. PFEIFFERI, Krauss. PL 19, fig. 98. Rimate, somewhat solid, closely costulately striate, alabas- trine, slightly scrobiculate at the base ; aperture with a parietal lamina, a columellar tooth, another at the base, and a fourth, sometimes bitid, on the right margin, lip thickened, shortly reflected. Length, 5'5 mill. Gape of Good Hope. E. LARVA, Morelet. PI. 20, fig. 28. Rimately perforate, very smooth, hyaline, white, base biscro- biculate ; aperture with a parietal lamina, two teeth on the right lip, one at the base, and a large laminar columellar plication, lip callous, white, shortly expanded, margin sinuous. Length, 4 mill. Comoro Islands. E. MODIOLIFORMIS, Morelet. PL 20, fig. 29. Rimately perforate, diaphanous, smooth, yellowish, suture narrowly margined ; aperture with a compressed parietal lamina, an obtuse, small columellar plica, a small tooth at the base, and a punctiform tooth in the middle of the right margin ; lip thickened, white, shortly reflected. Length, 18 mill. Comoro Islands. E. TRIGONA, Morelet. PL 20, fig. 34. Profoundly rimate, smooth, somewhat shining, light corneous, suture narrowly margined, last whorl scrobiculate ; aperture with a parietal plica, a tooth on the' columella, and another on the outer margin ; lip thick, sinuous, shortly reflected. Length, 6 mill. Comoro Islands. E. SPRETA, Morelet. PL 20, fig. 36. Obliquely rimate, very slightly costulate-striate, scarcely shining, corneous, last whorl obsoletely scrobiculate ; aperture with a compressed median parietal plica, and a tooth on the outer lip; lip somewhat thickened, constricted in the middle, sinuous. Length, 5 mill. Comoro Islands. 102 ENNEA. E. CQSTULATA, Morelet. PI, 20, fig. 38. Concavely rimate, crystalline ,. plicately costulate ; aperture with a compressed parietal plica, a tooth near the base of the columella, and a third on the middle of the right margin. Length, 3 mill. Ins. Mayotte. E. HORDEUM, Morelet PI. 20, fig. 54. Rimately perforate, thin, shining, lightly costulate, whitish ; aperture with a bipartite parietal lamella, approaching a tooth on the outer margin, and a scarcely conspicuous basal tooth near the columella ; lip shortly expanded, slightly reflected. Length, 5 mill. Comoro Islands. E. SULCIFERA, Morelet. PL 20, fig. 60. Superficially rimate, slightly plica tulate, shining, darkish horn- color, suture slightly shortly denticulate, last whorl scrobiculate; lip with parietal lamina, and a small tooth on the middle of the right margin ; lip shortly expanded, constricted in the middle. Length, 4'5 mill. Comoro Islands. E. ORYZA, Morelet. PI. 20, fig. 61. Rimate, minutely costulate, shining, light fulvous ; aperture with a parietal lamella, and a tooth on the right margin, lip callous, a little expanded, exterior margin subsinuous. Length, 3-5 mill. Comoro Islands. E. CRASSILABRIS, Craven. PI. 20, figs. 50, 51. Perforate, opaque, yellowish white, finely closely obliquely costulate ; aperture with a prominent parietal lamina, a strong tooth on the outer margin, and a deep-seated columellar plica- tion ; lip thickened, expanded and reflected, a pit behind the labrum corresponding with the tooth within. Length, 11-5 mill. Leydenburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. E. INFANS, Craven. PI. 20, figs. 55, 56. Perforate, semitransparent, yello vish brown, glossy, obliquely lirate, faintly spirally striate between the lirae, suture somewhat denticulated ; aperture with a large, straight parietal lamella, labrum with a strong tooth, and corresponding exterior depres- sion ; lip white, expanded, reflected. Length, 5-5*75 mill. Leydenburg, Transvaal, So. Africa. More cylindrical and differing in the dentition of the aperture from E. crassilabris. ENNEA. 103 E. SESAMUM, Morelet. PI. 20, fig. 35. Rimate, very minutely perforate, slightly costulate-striate, corneous, last whorl lightly scrobiculate ; aperture with a parietal lamina and tooth on the right margin; lip thickened, white, shortly expanded. Length, 4 mill. Comoro Islands. E. MILIUM, Godwin-Austen. PI. 18, fig. 68. Somewhat shining, diaphanous ; aperture with a small parietal lamella, and a strong tooth on the right margin ; lip thickened, a little reflected. Length, 2-5 mill. Assam. E. MICRODINA, Morelet. PI. 20, fig. 46. Perforate, slightly costulate, hyaline, last whorl horizontally protracted, not compressed, the base deeply scrobiculate ; aper- ture with a parietal lamella, and columellar tooth ; lip thickened, with simple margin. Length, 2*5 mill. Comoro Islands. The horizontal protraction of the last whorl, and consequently modified umbilicus, are characters which readily distinguish this little shell from those with which I have associated it. E. BBEVICULA, Morelet. PL 20, fig. 31. Deeply rimate, slightly regularly striate, shining, brownish corneous, suture submarginate, base scrobiculate ; aperture with a parietal lamella, and a tooth on either margin; lip white, slightly expanded, slightly conti acted in the middle. ' Length, 4-5 mill. Comoro Islands. E. BALFOURI, Godwin-Austen. PI. 20, figs. 64, 65. Excavately perforate, rather solid, regularly slightly costulate, wax-white, or dull pale umber; aperture with small parietal thickening, columellar plica, and tooth on the right margin ; lip white, callous, reflected. Length, 6 mill. Socotra. *** E. PIRRIEI, Pfeiffer. PI. 19, fig. 12. Flexuously rimate, somewhat solid and shining, diaphanous, yellowish white ; upper whorls smooth, the last two with capil- lary strise, occasionally varicose, base lightly scrobiculate ; 104 ENNBA. aperture with a large, somewhat doubly terminated parietal lamina, two deep-seated columellar plicae, and a callous thicken- ing on the middle of the right margin ; lip white, expanded, callous within. Length, 10 mill. Koondah Mts., India. E. SCULPTA, Blanford. PI. 19, fig. 3. Deeply flexuously rimate, diaphanous, shining, yellowish, with subflexuous vertical ribs ; aperture with a parietal lamella, and four deep-seated palatal ridges, and a columellar plica, scarcely visible ; lip white, expanded, widely so at the base. Length, 8*5 mill. Pulney Mts., Southern India. E. SUBCOSTULATA, Blanford. PL 20, fig. 30. Arcuately rimate, finely, rather indistinctly costulate, trans- lucent, yellowish white ; aperture with a bifid parietal lamina, a deep-seated columellar plica, and four tubercular teeth, one of them columellar, two basal and one on the right margin ; lip white, expanded, flexuous above. Length, 5'5 mill. Shevroy Hills, Southern India. E. MACRODON, Blanford. PI. 19, fig. 8. Flexuously rimate, translucent, polished, yellowish white, with fine, hair-like vertical costulations ; aperture very much con- tracted by teeth, a strong parietal lamina, a deep-seated columellar plica, and three teeth, one columellar, one strong transverse lamelliform basal, and one on the right margin ; lip white, expanded. Length, 4 mill. Nilgiri Hills, Southern India. E. EXILIS, Blanford. PL 19, fig. 19. Rimate, translucent, smooth, polished ; aperture with a strong bifid parietal lamina, a deep-seated columellar plica, and four tubercular teeth — one columellar, two joined together at the base, and one on the right margin ; lip white, slightly expanded. Length, 3'6 mill. Mysore, Southern India. E. BICOLOR, Button. PL 19, figs. 14, 17, 18 ; PL 20, fig. 24. Rimate, faintly striulate, shining white, striate at the sutures ; aperture with four teeth — one parietal lamina, a subconical one ENNEA. 105 on the right margin, corresponding with an external fosset, a small basal tooth, and a deep-seated, tongue-shaped columellar plica; lip thickened, reflected. Length, 7 mill. India, Seychelles Is., Burmah, Cochin China, Indian Archipelago, China, New Caledonia, Islands of St. Thomas, Grenada and. Trinidad, W.I. (introduced). Pupa Largillierti, Phil., Carychium gigas, Fer., E. cafaeicola, Craven (PI. 19, figs. IT, 18), Pupa mellita, Gould, and E. Cey- lanica, Pfr. (PI. 20, fig. 24), are synonyms. Var. ABBREVIATA, Martens. Somewhat shorter. E. MARIEI, Morelet. PL 20, figs. 48, 49, 52, 53. Rimate, smooth, shining, lightly costulate below the sutures and at the base, light corneous, translucent, suture minutely denticulate ; aperture quadridentate — a parietal lamella, a nodule on the columella, a deep-seated little tooth in the throat, and a small one on the right margin ; lip white, subthickened, shortly reflected. Length, 13 mill. Ins. Mayotte. E. pusilla, Morelet (figs. 52,53), was founded on an individual in which the tooth on the right margin of the aperture did not develop ; its author has acknowledged its identity with E. Mariei. E. DIODON, Morelet. PL 20, fig. 32. Shortly rimate, thin, lightly costulate-striate, light yellowish corneous ; aperture with a parietal lamina and a tooth on the outer lip ; lip callous, sinuous. Length, 6 mill. Ins. Mayotte. E. GLABRA, Morelet. PL 20, fig. 33. Arcuately rimate, thin, shining, hyaline, thinly plicate, suture minutely denticulate ; aperture tridentate — a parietal compressed lamella, a prominent columellar tooth, and a smaller deep-seated one; lip a little expanded. Length, 12 mill. Ins. Mayotte. E. DENTIENS, Morelet. PL 19, figs. 21, 22. Shortly rimate, smooth, shining, hyaline, white ; last whorl scrobiculate ; aperture six dentate — a parietal lamella, two ap- proximate teeth on the right margin, two others, also approximate, on the columella, and one at the base. Length, 4-5 mill. Comoro Isles. 106 ENNEA. E. ACICULA, Morelet. PI. 20, fig. 27. Scarcely rimate, hyaline, very slightly costulate, whitish, suture finely denticulate ; aperture with parietal lamella and a punctiforra palatal callus; lip white, expanded, somewhat re- flected. Length, 4-5 mill. Comoro Islands. E. RAFFRAYI, Bourguignat. PI. 19, fig. 97. Rimate, hyaline, vitreous, distantly slightly costulate, suture dentate ; aperture with a parietal tooth ; lip white, thickened, subreflected. Length, 6 mill. Abyssinia. E. ISSELI, Paladilhe. PL 27, fig. 14. Narrowly umbilicated, somewhat smooth, subdiaphanous, ivory-white, suture granulate-papillate, last whorl scrobiculate at the aperture ; aperture with a parietal lamina, two approxi- mate teeth on the right and a similar pair on the columellar margin, base with a small dentiform tubercle ; lip thickened, subreflected. Length, 5 mill. Aden, Arabia. E. BLANFORDIANA, Godwin-Austen. PI. 18, fig. 61. Light corneous, upper whorls faintly costulate, lower ones smooth, very minutely striate ; aperture with parietal lamina, and opposite teeth on the columella and right margin ; lip thickened, expanded, profoundly sinuate above. Length, 8 mill. Mahadeo Peak, North Cachar Hills, Bengal. E. FARTOIDEA, Theobald. PL 18, fig. 48. Subrugosely striate, very light corneous, suture serrate ; aper- ture with two lip teeth and a parietal lamina. Length, 4 mill. Shan States, India. E. VARA, Benson. PL 18, fig. 57. Arcuately rimate, costate, whitish, last whorl scrobiculate ; aperture subaxial, not lateral, distorted ear-shaped, lip thickened, dilated, profoundly sinuated above, arcuate within, in the middle of the right margin showing an obtuse decurrent palatal plica, close to which is a strong parietal lamina. Length, 5 mill. Khasia Mts., India. E. FJLICOSTA, Morelet. PL 1 8, figs. 46, 47. Subrimate, white, shining, hyaline, with longitudinal hair-like ribs ; aperture with a parietal plica, a tooth on the right margin DIAPHORA. 107 and a bidentate columellar plica ; lip somewhat thickened, shortly expanded, contracted in the middle. Length, 4 mill. Angola, Africa. E. VERMIS, Morelet. PI. 20, fig. 37, Rimate, smooth, shining, diaphanous, whitish ; aperture five- toothed — a parietal and a columellar plication, a tooth on the outer lip, and two more at its base ; there is, perhaps, a deep- seated tooth in addition, in the throat ; lip slightly expanded. Length, 3 mill. Isle Mayotte. E. TAYLORI, Gibbons. PI. 27, fig. 15. Rimate, thin, subdiaphanous, polished, obsoletely costate, the costae more apparent at the sutures ; aperture with a parietal lamina, right margin a little inflected in the middle. Length, 5 mill. Zanzibar. E. SEXDENTATA, Taylor. (Unfigured.) Zanzibar. E. MORCHIANA (Rripstorff), Nevill. (Unfigured.) Nicobar Is. E. BOLIOLUM, Morelet. (Unfigured.) Gabon, W. Africa. E. CANARICA (iBeddome), Blanford. (Unfigured.) Province of So. Canara, Southern India. Subgenus DIAPHORA, Albers, 1850. E. CYLINDRELLOIDEA, Stoliczka. PL 20, fig. 25. Narrowly riraate, costulate, suture deeply impressed, last whorl obtusely carinate at the base, dissolute and a little descending near the aperture; lip continuous, thickened, ex- panded,'aperture with a strong superior lamina, and a tooth on the outer lip. Length, 5 mill. Near Moulmein, Burmah. E. CUMINGTANA, Pfr. PL 20, fig. 23. Umbilicated, obliquely striulate, shining, hyaline ; last whorl dissolute, protracted, cnrinate above and below, laterally com- pressed ; aperture without teeth, lip continuous, shortly ex- panded. Length, 9*5 mill. Philippines. Described as a C3dindrella, which it much resembles. E. PORRE.GTA, von Martens. (Unfigured.) So. East Borneo. 108 ' STREPTOSTELE. Genus STREPTOSTELE, Dohrn, 1866. S. LOTOPHAGA, Morelet. PI. 20, fig. 69. Longitudinally thinly and regularly striate, suture minutely crenulated ; yellowish horn-color. Length, 26 mill. Prince's IsL, Gulf of Guinea. S. FOUNT, Mcrelet. PI. 20, figs. 72, 73. Subim perforate, striate, diaphanous, hyaline, suture crenu- lately margined ; aperture with the lip a little thickened and somewhat expanded, the columella somewhat twisted. Length, 16 mill. Prince's Island. S. BucHHOLzr, Martens. PI. 20, fig. 76. Imperforate, thin, arcuately striate. shining, yellowish white ; columella a little twisted, lip simple, not thickened. Length, 13'5-15'5 mill. Bonjongo, W. Africa. ? S. METULA, Crosse. PI. 20, fig. 26. Somewhat covered-rimate, thin, translucent, shining, yellowish, lightly costulate-striate, more distinct at the sutures ; margin of aperture simple, columella not folded. Length, 11 mill. Nossi Comba, Madagascar. Section ELMA, H. Adams, 1866. S. FASTIGIATA, Morelet. PI. 20, fig. 74. Somewhat covered-rimate, arcuately striate, suture crenulated, hyaline, shining yellowish ; lip thickened, callous, emarginate above. Length, 25-26 mill. Prince's Island. Yar. MINOR. Nine instead of ten whorls, columella straight. Length, 17 mill. According to Dohrn the animal is reddish orange. S. INCISA, Morelet. PL 20, figs. 44, 45. Subrimate, smooth, semipellucid, shining, horny white, suture minutely denticulate ; lip callous, obtuse, shortly reflected, pro- foundly incised above. Length, 11 mill. Ins. Mayotte. STREPTOSTELE. 109 S. NEVILLI, H. Adams. PI. 20, fig. 77. Imperforate, somewhat solid, a little shining, obsoletely longi- tudinally striate, whitish, suture margined ; columella slightly twisted, lip thin, flexuous and thickened in the middle. Length, 20 mill. Seychelles Islands. Dr. Dohrn thinks this species more closely related to Gibbu- lina, and that it should be placed in the vicinity of G. palanga^ Lesson. S. MORELETIANA, Dohrn. PI. 20, fig. 75. Imperforate, thin, ribbed-striate, shining, pellucid, hyaline; suture margined and distinctly crenulated ; columella twisted, obliquely truncate, lip simple, thickened, thinner above. Length, 6'5 mill. Prince's Island. S. SWINHOEI, H. Adams. PL 17, fig. 30. Narrowly umbilicate, thin, shining, lightly striate, whitish ; lip thin, shortly reflected, attenuated and sinuous above. Length, 16 mill. I Formosa. S. AURICULATA, Morelet. PI. 20, fig. 42. Very shortly rimate, longitudinally costulate, crystalline, whitish ; aperture with a tooth-like parietal callus ; lip slightly expanded, a little callous, flexuous, slightly incised above, colu- mella dilated above. Length, 9 mill. Isle Mayotte. S. MARTENSIANA, Morelet. PI. 20, fig. 47. Superficially rimate, thin, crystalline, diaphanous, arcuately costulate-striate, suture profoundly denticulate; aperture with a prominent, compressed parietal callus, lip shortly expanded, slightly reflected, a little receding above. Length, 14 mill. Ins. Mayotte. Section PTYCHOTREMA, Morch, 1852. S. MOBCHI, Pfr. PI. 19, fig. 1. Rimate, somewhat solid, striulate, alabastrine, suture mar- gined, last whorl bisulcate below the middle; aperture with two parietal plicae, columella profoundly plicate, acutely bidenticu- late, right margin with a superior tooth, and two long lamellae within the throat below it. Length, 18 mill. Guinea. Pupa GuineensiSj Morch, is a synonym. 110 STREPTOST E LE. S. MUCRONATA, Martens. PL 19, figs. 9-11. Rimate, somewhat solid, obliquely striate, yellowish white ; aperture with a lar