-NRLF B 14 ED3 3=13 ifl .1JCEL jflBR^RY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA J ESE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. ^^CX«^-, , 188, Shelf No. \ttUM , • • j^ '• ™ ' •;•**., '« : . * MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY; STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SPECIES. *, ^v" IUNIVEKSIT BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. ;o:;r,^:;vATo:i OF THE COXCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. VOL. VI. CONID^, PLEUROTOMID^E. PHILADELPHIA: Published by the Author, ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, COR. I9TH & RACE STS. 1884. Wm. P. Kildare, Printer, 721* & 736 Sansom St., Phila. {UNIVERSITY] \ MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY FAMILY CONID^E. Teeth subulate, in two series, on a tubular prolongation of the retractile proboscis, and with a bundle of sharp subulate teeth at the extremity ; head with a produced tubular veil ; tentacles subulate ; eyes on bulgings of the outer side of the tentacles ; mantle enclosed, with an elongated siphon in front; foot simple, long and narrow, with a conspicuous aquiferous pore on the middle of the anterior part of the sole. Operculum unguiform, with apical nucleus. Shell inversely conical, with narrow aperture the length of the body-whorl, the lip sharp, usually excavated at the hind-part, where it joins the suture; epidermis thin and smooth or longi- tudinally or spirally ridged, sometimes tufted. The great family of Cones, well-characterized by peculiarities both of dentition and shell, are principally inhabitants of equa- torial seas. Haunting the holes and fissures of rocks, and the labyrinths of coral-reefs, they lead a predatory life, boring into the shells of other mollusks, and sucking the juices from their bodies. Until recently the classification of Conidce given by Messrs. H. and A. Adams in their Genera of Recent Mollusca has been generally adopted. This classification is given in Structural and Systematic Conchology, ii, p. 187, and need not be reproduced here. The genera and subgenera are extremely artificial and insufficient for the purpose of arranging a large collection, inas- much as many of the systematic characters fail to discriminate groups when extensive series are compared. Dr. Weinkauff has recently (Jahrb. Deutsch. Mai. Gesell., i, 1874) arranged the Cones into sections, each named for a characteristic species, 4 CONlD-dE. around which is grouped other similar species. In this arrange- ment, pattern of coloring takes high rank, and the groupings indicate species which may have had a common ancestry. That this classification is in many respects faulty cannot be denied, but it appears on the whole to be better than that of the Messrs. Adams. A number of beautifully illustrated monographs of Conus have been published : — Sowerby. Conchological Illustrations. 137 colored figures. Sowerby. Thesaurus Conclry riorum (and Supplement), vol. iii. 450 species ; the plates containing about 650 figures. Reeve. Conehologica Iconica (and Supplement). 337 species. Kiener. Coquilles Vivantes. 324 species, 111 plates. Weinkauff. In Kiister's Continuation of Martini and Chem- nitz's Conchylien Cabinet (completed 1875). 411 species, 71 colored plates. Weinkauff s Catalogue of Conus, published in 1874, contains the names of 352 species, distributed into 17 groups or sec- tions : — 1. Marmorei (C. marmoreus. Linn.). 2. Literati (C. literatus, Linn.). 3. Figulini (G. figulinus, Linn.). 4. Arenati (C. are- natus, Hwass). 5. Mures (C. ?nws, Hwass). 6. Varii ^ C. varius^ Linn.). 7. Ammirales ( C. ammiralis, Linn.). 8. Capitanei (C. capitaneus^IjiiiTi.}. 9. Yirgines (C. virgo, Linn.). 10. Dauci ( G. daucus, Hwass). 11. Magi ( C. magus, Linn.). 12. Achatini (C. achatinus, ChemnA 13. Asperi (C. a*per, Lam.). 14. Terebri ( C. terebra, Born). 15. Bulbi (C. bulbus, Reeve). 16. Tulipae (C. tulipa, Linn.). 17. Texti (C. textile, Linn.). The Cones are very variable in some of their characters, such as the tuberculation of the spire and body-whorl, strire, colors and the pattern of coloring ; so that the synonymy is very ditli- cult to arrange satisfactorily. A number of species have been characterized since the date of the last-named publication, but on the other hand several species considered distinct by Dr. WcMiikauff I have been obliged to consolidate, so that in the following pages, arranged mainly in accordance with his cata- logue, the number of admitted species will not be found to vary materially from his enumeration. CONTD^E. 5 The family, as herein restricted, includes the single genus Conns. There are no extinct genera. GOSAVIA, Stoliczka, described as a member of the family, I have described 'and figured as a subgenus of Yoluta (Man., iv. 78). CONORBIS, Swainson, which may be subgenerically distinct, is described and figured in Struct, and Syst. Conch., ii, 188, t. 58, f. 50. It is an eocene group. About 100 fossil species of Conus have been described; they are extensively distributed, and first appear in cretaceous strata. Dr. Weinkauff has added to his Systematic Catalogue of Conus, extensive tables of geographical distribution — in which the species found in each province are separately enumerated and named. The distribution may be summarized as follows : — 1. European Province, 1 sp. 2. West African, 27 sp. 3. East American Province, 32 sp. 4. So. African, 22 sp. 5. West American (Xorth, Central and South), 30 sp. 6. East African (including Madagascar and Red Sea), 81 sp. 7. South Asiatic, 7G sp. 8. East Asiatic (including Philippines and Sandwich Is.), 133 sp. 9. Australian, 113 sp. There are, of course, many duplications in these numbers; the distribution of man}T single forms throughout the sixth to ninth provinces, as above defined, indicates that for Conus (and for many other carnivorous gastropods) these divisions have no real existence. Mr. Arthur Adams, in his delightful natural history notes, in the Narrative of the Voyage of the Samarang, writes : — u The animal of Conus aulicus has the proboscis beautifully varied with red and white, and there is a square and very minute operculum on the dorsal surface of the hinder part of the foot. Its bite produces a vcnoraed wound, accompanied by acute pain, and making a small, deep, triangular mark, which is suc- ceeded by a watery vesicle. At the little island of Meyo, one of the Moluccas, near Ternate, Sir Edward Belcher was bitten by one of these Cones, which suddenly exserted its proboscis as he took it out of the water with his hand, and he compared the sensation he experienced to that produced by the burning of phosphorus under the skin. The instrument which inflicted the wound, in this instance, I conceive, must have been the tongue, O CONIDJE. which in these mollusks is long, and armed with two ranges of sharp pointed teeth. " The Cones become more numerous and varied in their colors, as we approach the equatorial seas, and they form bright and beautiful ornaments to the shores of tropical islands. They seem to prefer obscure holes in the rocks, where they lead a predatory life, boring into the substance of the shells of other mollusks, for the purpose of sucking the juice from their bodies. They crawl but slowly, and usually with their tentacles extended in a straight line before them. They are very timid , and shrink within their shells quickly on the approach of danger. Some affect deep water, and one was dredged by us in the Sunda Straits, in thirty fathoms; and another, the Conns T/ialassiarchus, at Sooloo, in about forty fathoms." " The proboscis in its retracted state, as seen in the animal preserved in spirits, is short, broad, conical, annulate, prominent, in the base of the tubular veil, with a roundish, central mouth. Instead of having any elongated lingual band covered with short transparent teeth, like the rest of the Proboscidifera and Ros- trifera, it has a fleshy tube with a bundle of subulate barbed teeth directed towards the mouth ; this tube is prolonged behind and below at right-angles with its upper part and mouth into an elongated, fleshy, attenuated subulate tube, containing with its hinder edge two series of similar subulate red barbed teeth, directed from the aperture* towards the apex of the tube. (A single tooth, greatly magnified, of (7. Hebrseus, Linn., is repre- sented in Structural and Systematic Conchology, t. 10, f. 5.) " The teeth are implanted by a distinct root into the substance of the tube ; those near the upper or oral part of the tube are placed rather irregularly in two parallel rows, but those nearer the tip are more crowded, and the lines gradually diverge from each other. " I shall not attempt to describe the manner in which these teeth are brought into action, as I have only seen them in the preserved specimen ; but those nearest the mouth are probably used to pierce the animal, which is held fast by the contraction of the veil, as described by Adanson. The organization and structure of the mouth is so unlike that of the other Probosci- difera and Rostrifera, where the teeth are placed on a lingual CONUS. 7 band and used to rasp the food, being replaced by others as soon as those in action are injured by use, that I am inclined to form the Cones into a third suborder, which may be called Toxifera ; and it. is probable that the Pleurotomidae, which are described by Loven as having similar subulate teeth in two series, should be placed in the same suborder, as they appear to differ from the Cones chiefty in the veil being truncated and not produced round the base of the proboscis." — Dr. J. E. GRAY, Ann. and Mag. K H.,xii, 1853, p. 177. An operculum normally exists in all the groups of Conus (probably in all the species), but it is so very small relative to the size of the shell as to have generally escaped observation, and is very seldom preserved in collections. It is corneous, narrowly elongated, with apical nucleus, and the impression of the muscular attachment varies from one-half to two-thirds of the inner surface. The opercula of a number of species of Cones are figured and described by Crosse and Marie, in Journal de Conchyl., 1874. Operculum of C. textile, Linn. (PI. 29, figs. 92, 93). Sections of the shell of Conus, showing the structure and plan of growth, are figured in Structural and Systematic Conchology, i, PI. 1, figs. 6, 7, 8. The anatomy of Conus tulipa, Linn., is illustrated and described in the same work, i, PI. 15, fig. 80. Genus CONUS, Linn. Shell thick, obconic, whorls enrolled upon themselves, the spire short, smooth or tuberculated ; aperture elongated, narrow, the margins parallel, truncated at the base ; the outer lip with a slight sutural sinus. Section I. MARMOREI. Conus (typical) of Morch and H. and A. Adams. Coronaxis, Swainson. Rhombus, Montfort. C. MARMOREUS, Linn. PL 1, figs. 1-5. White or light pink-white, with chocolate or chestnut reticula- tions, so arranged as to expose the white in rounded triangular large spots ; aperture white or light pink. Length, 4-5 inches. Indian Ocean, Japan, Australia, Polynesia, etc. The barbed teeth of this species inflict severe wounds. 0 CONUS. Tar. BANDANUS, Hwass. PI. 1, fig. 2. The triangular white markings are more crowded than in the typical form ; the colored markings form two irregular bands. Philippines, New Caledonia, Banda, etc. Var. CROSSEANUS, Bernardi. PI. 1, fig. 3. The chocolate reticulations heavier and closer. New Caledonia. Tar. NIGRESCENS, Sowb. PI. 1 , fig. 4. Surface nearly entirely covered by the chocolate markings. Intermediate states of coloring are quite common, so that the division into varieties is arbitrar}7. Tar. PS KUDOM, \RMOREUS, Desh. PL 1, fig. 5. Shell regularly grooved throughout, spire rather more elevated, not tuberculated, last whorl somewhat convex on the sides. Length, 2 inches. Habitat unknown. Described from a single specimen, and at most only a variety of C. marmoreus. C. NOCTURNUS, Hwass. PI. 1, figs. 6, 7. Pattern of markings essentially the same as in C. marmoreus, but the chocolate-color coalesces into two broad irregular bands within which the triangular wrhite spots appear only occasionally. Length, 2-3 inches. Ceylon, Java, Mauritius, Moluccas, Viti Isles, etc. In C. Deburghise, Sowb. (fig. 7), the surface is sometimes granular in revolving lines, and the nodules are compressed. C. ARANEOSUS, Hwass. PI. 1, figs. 8-10. Shell very closely reticulated with white and light chestnut, the white spots crowded and irregular in size, the chestnut lines forming two interrupted, irregular bands. Length, 2 5-4 inches. Ceylon, Philippines, Moluccas. Dr. Weinkauff has adopted the name C. peplum, Chemnitz, for this species, but that author only happened to be binomial in this instance, many of his other Cones being designated by a descriptive phrase ; I therefore prefer to retain the better known, if later name given by Hwass. This species is in part the (7. arachnoideus of Gmelin. CONUS. Yar. NICOBARICUS, Hwass. PI. 1, fig. 9. Reticulating lines chocolate-color, the two bands usually better denned. Ceylon, Nicobar Isles, Yar. VIDUA, Reeve. PI. 1, tig. 10. Yery like variety Nicobaricus, the bands not so well outlined usually, and having scattered triangular white spots upon them. Philippines. In this species, as in C. marmoreus, the varieties are entirety arbitrary. C. IMPEBIALIS, Linn. PI. 1, figs. 11-13. Shell yellowish white, with numerous interrupted revolving lines and spots of dark brown and two irregular light brown bands. Length, 2-3 inches. Ceylon, Java to New Caledonia and Viti Is!es. Yar. FUSCATUS, Lam. PI. 1, fig. 13. The light brown coloring extends in clouds and irregular markings over the surface, so that the bands can scarcely be defined. Zanzibar, Mozambique, Philippines, etc. Yar. VIRIDULUS, Lam. The coloring is olive-brown, irregularly but somewhat longi- tudinally disposed, with more or less indication of two bands. Zanzibar. C. RECLUZIANUS, Bernardi. PL 1, fig. 14. Yellowish white, with irregular broad yellowish brown bands and spots. Length, 58 mill. Yellow Sea. Only a single specimen occurred, which is possibly faded in coloring. C. ZONATUS, Hwass. PI. 1, fig. 15. Purple ash, with narrow chestnut revolving lines and white spots, the latter frequently irregularly coalescing. Length, 2-3 inches. Ceylon, Nicobar Isles. C. MARCHIONATUS, Hinds. PL 2, fig. 16 ; PL 27, fig. 3. Yellowish or light brown, with large white rounded triangular spots. Length, 1-1*5 inches. Marquesas Islands. 10 CONUS. Pattern of coloring very like C. marmoreus, but lighter ; the shell is immediately distinguished by the want of the coronal of tubercles and its usually small size. Mr. Melville, of Prestwich, near Manchester, England, who possesses a remarkable collec- tion of Cones, has sent me a colored drawing of a gigantic specimen in his collection, 2*25 inches in length; he proposes to •call it var. eudoxus (PL 27, fig. 3). Section II. LITERATI. Lithoconus (ex parte), Morch. C. LITERATUS^ Linn. PI. 2, figs, 11-19. Shell white, with usually two or three broad light yellow or orange-brown bands, marked with revolving series of large and small dark chocolate or nearly black, round, square or triangular spots ; these spots are frequently elongated longitudinally, and sometimes partially coalesce so as to form interrupted longi- tudinal stripes ; base of shell often tinged with chocolate. Length, 3-5-5 inches. Zanzibar, Ceylon, Java, Singapore, New Caledonia, Viti Is. C. Gruneri, Reeve (fig. 18), from the island of Java, appears to be a young shell without any distinguishable characters. Yar. MILLEPUNCTATUS, Lam. PL 2, fig. 19. Said to differ from C. literatus in the spots being smaller and much more numerous, and in the absence of the yellow bands. It is connected by intermediate stages with the typical literatus. C. C(ELATUS, A. Adams. PL 2, fig. 20. Shell small, with revolving grooves, which are longitudinally striate ; spire minutely coronate, the apex acutely elevated ; white, widely reticulated with orange. Length, 16 mill. China. I am not acquainted with this species. C. PLANAXIS, Deshayes. PL 2, fig. 21. Yellowish, encircled by narrow, more or less interrupted chestnut lines, chocolate-tinged at the base. Length, 19 mill. Isle of Bourbon. An unsatisfactory species, being evidently described from a very young shell. CONUS. 11 C. MUSICUS, Hwass. PI. 2, figs 22, 23. Whitish, with light ash-violet broad bands and narrow revol- ving lines of chocolate, broken up into short lines and spots ; spire often slightly coronate, rayed with chocolate. Length, 15-25 mill. Philippines, Australia, Solomon's Is., New Caledonia. C. Mighelsi, Kiener (fig. 23), is a synonym. C. EBURNEUS, Hwass. PI. 2, figs. 24, 25. Shell white, usually with two or three light yellowish bands, marked with very dark chocolate revolving spots. Length, 2 inches. « Ceylon to Viti .Islands. Much smaller and more swollen in outline than C. literatus, lower part of the bod}r-whorl distinctly grooved, spire with two impressed revolving lines, spots smaller than in C. literatus. C. polyglotta, A. Ad. (fig. 25), varies slightly in the disposition of the coloring. C. TESSELLATUS, Born. Plate 2, figs. 26, 2t. Shell white, with reddish orange spots and short lines in revolving series, and forming by crowding together two irregular bands ; base stained with light violet. Length, 2-2'5 inches. Red Sea, Ceylon, Mozambique, Mauritius, Philippines, New Caledonia, Polynesia. Has the same revolving sculpture at base and on the spire as C. eburneus ; the difference is in coloring only. C. crassus, Sowb. (fig. 27), is shorter and more ventricose, but can scarcety claim varietal rank. Viti Islands. C. BAYLEI, Jousseaume. PI. 2, fig. 28. White, with light brown spots disposed in revolving series and indistinctly forming bands ; base of shell and spire without revolving grooves, Length, 32 mill. Habitat unknown. Distinguished from C. tessellatus by the smooth surface. C. SUTURATUS, Reeve. PI. 2, figs. 29, 29 a. Shell yellowish or pink-white, with broad light brown bands ; spire and base sulcate. Length, 28 mill. North Australia. 12 CONUS. Reeve's original description and figure were made from a dead, faded and depauperate shell (fig. 29). C. PROTEUS, Hwass. PL 2, figs. 30-35 ; PL 3, fig. 36. Shell white, with revolving series of spots and irregular or cloud-like markings of orange, chestnut or chocolate, often form- ing interrupted bands ; base grooved, spire with a single broad sulcus. Length, 1-5-2-5 inches. West Indies, Florida. Dr. Weinkauff has distinguished C. leoninus, Chemn., not Hwass, said to come from the East Indies, but it does not appear to me to be different ; C. leoninus of Hwass (fig. 31) is certainly the same. C. spurius, Gmelin, of authors (fig. 32) may also be placed here confidently, but the original description must remain a doubtful identification. C. ochraceus, Lam. (fig. 33 , if correctly identified by Reeve and Sowerby, and C. brevi- culits, Sowb., are also synonyms ; and C. armillatus, C. B. Ad., is a young shell. Tar. BICOLOR, Sowb. PL 2, fig. 34. Shell shorter and wider at the spire than the usual form. West Africa. Yar. PAPILIONACEUS, Hwass. PL 2, fig. 35. Spire generally more depressed than in the t}rpical form, the revolving rows of spots of smaller size, closer and more numerous. Length, 2-2-5 inches. Senegal; Canaries; St. Thomas, West Indies (Swift}. Merges into the type by insensible gradations. Yar. SIAMENSIS, Hwass. PL 3, fig. 36. Distinguished from var. papilionaceus by having more numer- ous narrow articulated fillets. The locality indicated by the name is exceedingly doubtful. C. FLAMMEUS, Lam. PL 3, fig. 37. Yellowish white, flamed and spotted with chestnut, the flames usually longitudinally disposed, forming revolving bands, the spots in revolving series. Length, 2-2'75 inches. Wn.tt Coast of Africa; Honduras (Dyson), This is the C. Lorenzianus of Chemnitz, and very probably only a variety of C. Froteu*, Ilwass. CON US. 13 C. CHARACTERISTICS (Chemii.), Auct. PL 3, figs. 38, 39. White, irregularly longitudinally flamed, forming two (or sometimes three) interrupted broad bands ; body-whorl some- what inflated, rdunded at the upper part, striate below ; spire" striate. Length, 2 inches. West Africa, West Indies (authors) ; Borneo. The West Indies are not confirmed as locality by any of the local collectors. " Borneo " is upon the label of specimens before me, purchased from a London dealer. Deshayes, in the second edition of Lamarck, admits the identity with this of Lamarck's C. quaestor and C. muscosus, the latter being not adult. C. Paulinae, Kiener, is also a synonym, according to Dr. Wein- k a u if, and from the description of the unfigured G. Manoni, Nevill (Indian Ocean), I am inclined to place it here also. C. SUCCINCTUS, A. Ad. PL 3, fig. 40. Light rose-colored, with two revolving lines of chestnut dots. Length, 2T mill. Natal, South Africa. C. AMBIGUUS, Reeve. PL 3, figs. 41, 42. Whitish, with obscure, light brown,- bands, and longitudinal streaks ; spire ornamented with arched brownish spots. Length, 1*5 inches. West Africa. Reeve says : " There is always a doubtful character about shells exhibiting faint indications of color ; I have not, however, succeeded in referring this to any species hitherto described." G. griseus, Kiener (fig. 42), is a synonym. C. TROCHULUS, Reeve. PL 3, fig. 43 a. Shell white, with usually a violet tinge, interior of aperture light violet. Length, 1 '25-1*5 inches. Cape Verd Islands. C. CUNEIFORMIS, Smith. PL 3, fig. 43. White, faintty tinted with purple, spire, particularly towards the apex, stained with pale brown ; interior of aperture light violet ; spire with three or four fine spiral striae ; body-whorl with revolving grooves, which become obsolete upon its upper third. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. 14 CONUS. Distinguished from G. trochulus by its narrower, straighter form, the sulcated body-whorl and striated spire. C. CYANOSTOMA, A. Ad. PL 3, fig. 44. Shell doubly striated on the spire, with revolving striae towards the base ; ash-color, with longitudinal, brown markings, aperture violaceous. Length, 1 inch. West Africa. May perhaps = C. trochulus, Reeve, as suggested by Wein- kautf, but none of my specimens of the latter species have striae on the spire, and they are all white, as in all the published figures. C. CLARUS, E. A. Smith. Shell abbreviately turbinate, rosy white, sulcate towards the base; spire depressed-conical, striate; angle of body-whorl carinated; aperture light rosaceous. Length, 27 mill. West Australia. An unfigured species, represented by a single specimen in the British Museum. It is said to somewhat resemble C. cyanostoma, A. Adams, but is narrower. C. FRTGIDUS, Reeve. Plate 3, fig. 45. Shell pale straw-color, violaceous at base and apex; spire three-grooved, revolving striae on the lower part of the body- whorl, which become granulose towards the base. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. A species having no well-marked characters. C. VENULATUS, Hwass. PL o, figs. 46-50. Color varying from light chestnut to dark chocolate, with indistinct darker revolving lines, irregularly marbled throughout with white ; spire and lower part of body-whorl striate. Length, 1*25-2 inches. West Coast of Africa. The synonyms are C. nivosus, Lam. (fig. 47), and C. ateralbus, Kiener. Dr. Weinkauff considers C. unifasciatus, Kiener, a juvenile of the species, but does not state his reasons; the figure is so different that I cannot agree to place the species here. CONUS. 15 Var. NIVIFER, Brod. PI. 3, figs. 48, 49. The revolving lines of color are more distinct, with less of the white maculation. Var. CROTCHII, Reeve. PI. 3, fig. 50. Shell smooth, striated at base and on the spire ; white, very closely encircled throughout with fine thread-like burnt-brown lines, sometimes interrupted with a few snow-white spots, spire with the edge of the last whorl spotted with brown. Saldana Bay, So. Africa; W. Africa. Reeve describes this as a species, distinguishing it from C. venulatus by the striate spire ; but the spire is distinctly striate in a large proportion of the specimens (some are smooth) of C. venulatus before me. C. GENUANUS, Hwass. PL 3, fig. 51. Shell pink-brown or violaceous brown, with revolving narrow lines of alternate white and chocolate quadrangular spots and dashes, these lines being usually alternately larger and smaller. The surface is usually smooth, but sometimes the lines are slightly elevated ; spire smooth. Length, 1*5-2 inches. Senegal, Guinea, Moluccas. C. PROMETHEUS, Hwass. PL 3, fig. 52. Shell narrow, rather thin, spire sulcate; white, variegated with numerous lines of short dashes and spots of light chestnut. Length, 3-9 inches. E. Africa, Madagascar, Senegal (Mus. Acad. Nat. Sciences). This is the largest of the Cones, and is of very light build, considering its size. A magnificent series is before me, including the individual measuring nine inches in length, and which were brought to Philadelphia by a vessel trading to the Gaboon region. The smaller specimens approach too closely to C. papilionaceus. C. FERGUSONI, Sowb. PL 4, fig. 52 a. White, under a brown epidermis, lightly striulate transversely ; shell heavy, with slightly channeled spire. Length, 5'75 inches. Panama (Ferguson). This species, which I have not seen, appears very like a faded specimen of the last. The locality rests upon the original 16 CONUS. description ; none other of the numerous Panama collections published include any similar shell. O. OMAICUS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 53. Shell narrow, whitish, encircled by numerous Hues of square spots and dashes of orange-brown, often forming two or three broad bands by their approximation. Length, 2-2*75 inches. Ins. Oma, Banda Group; Amboina. Section III. FIGULINI. Dendroconus, Swain son, Morch. C. BETULINUS, Linn. PL 4, figs. 54, 55. Shell yellow or orange-br^own, with revolving series of spots, and short lines of chocolate upon narrow white bands, spire radiated with chocolate ; base of shell strongly grooved. Length, 2*5-4 inches. E. Africa, Isle of Bourbon, Ceylon, Java, China, Philippines. Yar. SURATENSIS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 55. Spots more numerous ; the more rugose growth-lines cause them to be rather regularly interrupted, so that the}^ form longi- tudinal as well as revolving series. Philippines. C. GLAUCUS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 56. Bluish ash or very light chocolate, with usually a lighter narrow central band, and numerous short chocolate lines in revolving series, spire broadly radiated with chocolate. Length, 2 inches. Sumatra,, Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines. Resembles C. betulinus, var. Suratensis, but may be distin- guished mainly by its color. C. FIGULINUS, Linn. PL 4, figs. 57, 58 ; PL 27, fig. 1. Chestnut-color, encircled by numerous narrow chocolate lines, spire chocolate-colored. Length, 2-3*5 inches. Ceylon, Java, Philippines, New Caledonia. The body-whorl is occasionally narrowly light-banded in the middle. Yar. LOROISI, Kiener. PL 4, fig. 58. Shell larger, with more depressed spire than usual in fiyulinus; CONUS. 17 ash or chocolate cream-color, generally with an obscure light central band, sometimes with more or less obscure chestnut revolving lines, but generally these are absent; spire often radiately streaked with chestnut. This variety is almost intermediate between the typical C. figulimis and G. glaucus, Hwass. Yar. CHYTREUS, Melvill. PI. 27, fig. 1. Shell small, slightly turbinated, brown, encircled with unevenly placed, thick, dark red-brown lines, aperture narrow, spire some- what rounded. Length, -63 inch. Smaller and with thicker and more irregular color-lines than the t}Tpe ; aperture narrower. C. QUERCINUS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 59. • Shell lemon-yellow, with numerous fine, rather close, chestnut revolving lines ; spire rather elevated, with concave outline, the shoulder of the body-whorl obtiisel}r angulated. Length, 2-4 inches. ^ Red Sea, E. Africa, Mauritius, Ceylon, Philippines, Viti Islands, Sandwich Islands. The revolving lines are much finer and closer than in the pre- ceding species of this group ; the form of the spire is also different. Ir? old specimens the revolving lines become obsolete ; the shell in this state has received the name of C. ponderosus, Beck. C. PYRIFORMIS, Reeve. PI. 4, figs. GO, 61. Shell light flesh-color, the spire gently acuminate, the earlier whorls tuberculated, body-whorl p}rriform, the outline concave below, with revolving striae towards the base. Length, 2-3 inches. West Columbia, Panama, etc. C. patricius, Hinds (fig. 61), is the young of this species. G. CALIFORNICUS, Hinds. PI. 4, figs. 62, 63. Shell smooth, with convexly elevated spire, which is some- times striate, and pyriform body-whorl, rounded or slightly angulated at the shoulder, and striated towards the base ; light olive-brown, with or without obscure chestnut reticulations and maculations, sometimes light- or dark-spotted on the shoulder, 2 18 CONUS. usually invested with a rather thin brown epidermis ; aperture more or less tinged with chocolate. Length, 25-33 mill. California. C. dealbatus, A. Ad. (fig. 63), is a synonym. C. UNIFASCIATUS, Kicner. PI. 4, fig. 65. Shell the general form of C. Calif ornicus; chocolate, with a rather broad yellowish brown band just below the shoulder. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Dr. Weinkaiiff makes this a juvenile of C. venulatus, Hwass, but it does not appear to me to be closely allied to that species, either in form or coloring ; on the contrary, its resemblance to C. Californicus is so grea£ that I feel nearly certain that it should be united with that species. C. SCALPTUS, Reeve. PL 4, fig. 64. Shell turbinated, rather solid, polished, grooved towards the base ; whitish, with numerous hair-like, light brown, revolving lines ; spire spirally striated, rather elevated, with sharp apex, variegated with chestnut-color. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Dr. Weinkauff gives California as locality, but this must be considered very doubtful, as the numerous collectors on that coast have not yet discovered it. Section IV. ARENATI. Puncticulis, Swains., Morch. •C. ARENATUS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 66 ; PL 21, fig. 2. Shell stoutly turbinated, coronated on the spire ; white, sprinkled in a waved longitudinal manner with very small, close brown dots, sometimes forming indistinct bands ; aperture usually light flesh-color. Length, 2 inches. Jted Sea, E. Africa, Ceylon, Philippines, N. Caledonia, Viti Isles. Vnr. MESOKATHAROS, Melvill. PL 21, fig. 2. Middle portion of body-whorl unspotted. 'C. OBESUS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 67. Shell obsolete!}" coronated with tubercles, body-whorl some- what convex, stout ; white or veiy pale yellow or blush, faintly CONUS. 19 clouded, with numerous small chestnut or chocolate spots and short lines, often forming dark clouds, so placed as to make interrupted, revolving bands. Length, 2-2'75 inches. Ceylon, Java. C. PULICARIUS, Hwass. PL 4, fig. 68 ; PI. 5, fig. -69. Shell white, the spire tubercuiated, covered by dark chocolate or nearly black spots, which sometimes by their juxtaposition indicate two bands ; epidermis, as in the other species of the group, very thin, translucent. Length, l'5-2*5 inches. Japan, New Guinea, New Caledonia to Central Polynesia. C.fustigatus, Hwass (fig. 68), includes the varieties in which the spots are larger and less numerous. C. YAUTIERI, Kiener. PI. 5, fig. 10. Spire tuberculate, sides of bodj^-whorl nearly direct ; white, with chestnut spots, overlaid here and there by lighter chestnut clouds. Length, 33 mill. N. Caledonia, Marquesas Islands. C. STERCUS-MUSCARUM, Linn. PI. 5, fig. 71. Shell with somewhat convex sides, a rather short, conical spire, which is broadly channeled, and acutely angulated shoulder ; white with numerous revolving lines of chocolate and opaque white spots, and chocolate or chestnut cloudings forming interrupted broad bands ; spire darkly maculated and spotted ; aperture tinged more or less with flesh-color. Length, 2 inches. Ceylon, Java, Philippines, N. Australia. Section Y. MURES. Coronaxis, Morch, not Swainson. C. MUS, Hwass. PI. 5, figs. 72, 73. Shell with tubercuiated spire, the body-whorl covered by nar- row, raised revolving striae ; ash-white, longitudinally streaked and maculated with chestnut, the tubercles of the spire white, and usually a white band below the middle of the body-whorl ; aperture chestnut-colored, with a central white band. Length, 1-1-75 inches. West Indies, Florida. 20 CONUS. Yar. ROSEUS, Lam. PL 5, fig. 73. Shell usually larger, rosy-, or purple-, or even yellowish-brown, with white tubercles and a distinct white band below the middle of the bod}T-whorl ; the striae are often punctate with chestnut, and the spire is spotted with chestnut between the tubercles ; aperture rosy or chestnut-color with a central white band. Length, 1*5-2 inches. C. PUNCTATUS (Chemn.), Auct. PI. 5, fig. 74. Shell yellowish pink or light yellowish brown, with (usually) raised revolving lines closely marked with red or chestnut dots, indistinctly white-banded on the middle, and often at the shoul- der of the body-whorl ; spire with revolving striae and brown mac illations — which often extend irregularly down the body- whoii. Length, 1*5-2-25 inches. West Africa, Ceylon, Moluccas, West Indies (Swift coll.). C. HEBR^EUS, Linn. PI. 5, figs. 75-77 ; PL 27, fig. 13. Shell white, sometimes rose-tinted, with three or four revolving- bands composed of irregular longitudinal dark chocolate or nearly black markings ; these markings also ornament the slightly coronated spire; aperture white with clouded bands corresponding with the exterior markings ; surface more or less striate throughout, but striae more prominent towards the dark stained base. Length, 1-1*75 inches. Ceylon, E. Africa, Mauritius, Japan, Philippines, New Caledonia to Viti Is., etc. C. sphacelatits,Sovfl). (fig. 76), is considered by Dr. Weinkauff, the juvenile of this species ; that it is a very young shell is evi- dent, but I am by no means convinced that it is properly placed here; Mr. Melvill, who possesses the type specimen, considers it a distinct species. Yin-. VERMICTJLATUS, Hwass. PL 5, fig. 77. The black markings are more continuous, so as usually to cover the length of the shell except an irregular white central band ; sometimes those markings are impressed so that the intervening white spaces project gramilously or tuberculately above the surface; occasionally also the entire surface becomes dark chocolate with the exception of the white band, and a white CONUS. 21 spot here and there. Not so large as the type, rarely exceeding an inch in length. C. MACULIFERUS, Sowb. PI. 5, fig. 78. Shell wide, with short spire, slightly coronate; yellowish white writh two revolving series of irregular longitudinal chestnut markings, which are sometimes partially connected one with another in each series. Length, 30 mill. Red Sea. C. BALTEATUS, Sowb. PI. 5, figs. 79-81. Shell olive-brown or brown violaceous, with a more or less irregular white band below the middle, and another one below the tuberculated spire ; interior of aperture tinged with violet. Length, 1 inch. Philippines, Nicobar Islands, Mauritius. C. pigmentatus, Adams and Reeve (fig. 80), and C. cernicits, H. Adams (fig. 81), are synon}^ms. In the latter, and sometimes also in the former, the painting is more or less obscurely macu- lated with white, but the specimens before me sufficiently indi- cate the identity of these species. C. ENCAUSTUS, Kiener. PL 5, figs. 82, 83. Spire depressed, grooved and coronated with tubercles, body- whorl with distant punctured grooves, more strongly and closely grooved towards the base; clouded with chocolate- and ash-color, and encircled with numerous chocolate and white spots in lines ; aperture purplish. Length, 1'25 mill. Marquesas Islands. C. pr&text us, Reeve (fig. 83), is a synonym. C. MILTARIS, Hwass. PL 5, figs. 84-90 ; PL 27, fig. 12. Shell with spire more or less raised, striate or sometimes nearly smooth, with or without tubercles; bocty-whorl striate, the stride usually grannlous towards the base, and sometimes throughout ; yellowish or light chestnut or grayish, variously clouded with darker chestnut or olive, often irregularly light-banded at the middle, and below the spire, and encircled with chestnut spots on the strife ; interior chocolate, with a central white band. Length, '75-1-25 inches. lied Sea to Isle of Bourbon and Natal, and to Sandwich and Galapagos Islands. 22 CON us. A species of wide distribution, and apparently everywhere common. There is considerable variation in the height and cor- onation of the spire, as well as in the color and pattern of the markings, and the consequence has been the description of several species, which the large series of specimens before me compels me to unite. C. minimus of Linnaeus has been identi- fied with members of this group, but, as pointed out by Dr. Weinkauff, erroneously. The latter author has made C. minimus — C. achatinus. Hanley did not find any shell labeled minimus in the Linnean collection. The synonyms include G. tiaratus, Brod. (fig. 85 j, C. fulgetrum, Sowb. (fig. 86), C. scaber, Kiener (fig. 87), and C. coronatus, Dillw. Tar. ABBREVIATUS, Nuttall. PI. 5, fig. 89. The spots are more distant and somewhat more regularly disposed. Sandwich Island*. C. BarbadensiSj Hwass (not Reeve), is probably identical, and does not inhabit the West Indies. Tar. ARISTOPHANES, Duclos. PI. 5, fig. 90. Shell violaceous gray, somewhat clouded with pink-white, the revolving lines milk-white, interrupted by chestnut short dashes and spots. Red Sea, Philippines, Polynesia. C. BACCATUS, Sowb. PI. 6, fig. 92. Shell minutely decussated, with regular rows of conspicuous granules ; whitish, with large orange blotches arranged in three bands ; spire-whorls concave, nearly smooth ; body-whorl with a biangulate shoulder. Length, 23 mill. Habitat unknown. Described from a unique specimen in the collection of Dr. Prevost, of Alen§on. C. REFLECTUS, Sowb. PI. 6, fig. 91. Shell pear-shaped, anteriorly granulated, otherwise smooth, very minutely coronated, spire closely grooved ; whitish, with two broad bands of rose-color clouded with brown. Length, 25 mill. Habitat unknown. Described from a single specimen. CONUS. 23 C. T^NIATUS, Hwass. PL 6, fig. 93. Shell indistinctly zoned alternately with pale violaceous and white, vividly encircled with fillets of dark chocolate and white articulations ; spire obsoletely coronated. Length, 1-1-25 inches. Red Sea, Ceylon, China. Very close to C. genuanus in general appearance, but the articulations are more regular in size and position, the spire is slightly tuberculate. C. CEYLONENSIS, Hwass. PL 6, figs. 94-100. Shell coronated, with rather depressed spire, granular striate towards the base ; white, variously marbled with chestnut, often obscurely white-banded at the upper part and below the middle of the body-whorl, base tinged with violet. Length, -t5-'9 inch. Red Sea, Ceylon, West Africa, Mauritius, Australia, New Caledonia, Polynesia to Sandwich Is., Mazatlan, Cape St. Lucas. C. mix, Brod. (fig. 95), and C. pusillus, Gould, are synonyms. Yar. ACUTUS, Sowb. PL 6, fig. 96. Spire more elevated, shell smaller. Ceylon. Var. PUSILLUS (Chemn.\ Auct. PL 6, fig. 97. Shell white with revolving rows of chestnut spots. Varies from Ceylonensis in the same way that var. abbreviatus does from miliaris. Var. TENUISULCATUS, Sowb. PL 6, fig. 98. Lower half of the body-whorl finely sulcate ; white marbled with light chestnut, with two darker ba'nds, which are flecked with white ; base and aperture violaceous. Mauritius. Var. SPONSALIS, Chemn. PL 6, fig. 99. Body-whorl somewhat convex on the sides, wide at the shoul- der, which is somewhat rounded ; yellowish white, with a few chestnut or red zigzag longitudinal markings, forming an inter- rupted broad superior, and often a narrower inferior band ; base violaceous. Philippines, New Caledonia, Polynesia. 24 CONUS. This is possibly a distinct species ; in which case the preceding and following varieties should be placed with it. Var. NANUS, Brod. PI. 6, fig. 100. Shell usually smaller than the type, white, under a thin, liirht 3Tellowish brown epidermis, obsoletely maculated or occasionally spotted with chestnut, base violaceous. Polynesia, Australia.. C. SPECIOSUS, Sowb. PI. 6, fig. 1. Spire minutely crenulated ; irregularly marbled with chestnut and white. Length, *8 inch. Locality unknown. Is probably a juvenile shell; differs from C. Ceylonensis in the base being without violet tint. C. COUDERTI, Bernardi. PI. 6, fig. 2. Spire not crenulated, marbled with chestnut and white, obscurely indicating three bands. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Closely related to the foregoing species ; if identical, as sur- mised by Dr. Weinkauff, Sowerby 's name will become a synonym. C. RUTILUS, Menke. PL 6, fig. 3. Shell thin, somewhat inflated, slightly coronated, surface covered by close, nearly obsolete revolving stria3 ; brown or brick-red, either unspotted or with faint darker dots in revolving series. Length, *5 inch. Australia, Tasmania. C. Macleaijanus and C. Tasmanicus, Tenison- Woods, are syn- onyms. C. SMITHI, Angas. PL 6, fig. 4. Shell not coronated, spirally grooved towards the base ; straw- color or pink, clouded with pale chestnut, with (sometimes obsolete) revolving lines of chestnut and white articulations, and a faint white band; spire maculated with chestnut. Length, -5 inch. Botany Bay (Brazier) ; Port Stephens, Australia (Cox\ Is perhaps only a variety of the preceding species. C. PONTIFICALIS, Lam. PL 6, fig. 5. Spire couvexly elevated and tuberculated, whole surface covered by very fine minutely punctured revolving lines ; epi- CONUS. 25 dermis yellowish olive, very thin, usually persistent in a very broad band upon the body-whorl, but absent from narrow shoulder and basal bands, which, with the spire, are white. Length, 1-1-25 inches. Tasmania. Section YI. YARII. CoronaxiS) Stephanoconus and LeptoconuK, in part. C. AURANTIUS, Hwass. PI. 6, figs. 6, 7. Shell with elevated, tuberculated spire; surface irregularly clouded with chestnut or orange and white, and minutely marked with interrupted narrow brown or orange revolving lines, more or less broken up into articulations ; upon the lower half of the body-whorl these lines become striae, and are distantly, minutely granular. Length, T5-2 inches. Philippines, Molucca*, Neiv Caledonia. A narrow shell, with more conical spire than the common West Indian species, C. nebulosus. G. leucostictus, Grnel., includes several species ; Sowerby*s identification of it may be placed here. C. VARIUS, Linn. PL 6, figs. 8-10. White, marbled with orange, rose, chestnut or chocolate, with sometimes revolving lines of spots ; spire with rather small tubercles, basal half of body-whorl with revolving grooves, upper half of body -whorl with revolving rows of tubercles, which become more distinct towards the spire. Length, 25-40 mill. Australia, New Caledonia, Philippines, Moluccas. The synonyms include C. interruptus, Mawe (fig. 10) = C. pulchellus, Sowb., not Swains., = C. Hwassi, A. Ad. C. SUPERSCRIPTS, Sowb. PL 6, fig. 11. Shell smooth, strongly grooved anteriorly ; whitish tinged with blue, irregularly ornamented with large yellowish blotches, and encircled by numerous narrow bands composed of letter-like spots ; spire grooved, maculated ; aperture tinged with purplish brown. Length, 27 mill. Madagascar. Described from a single specimen in the collection of the Marchioness Paulucci, Florence. 26 CONUS. C. BCETICUS, Reeve. PL 6, figs. 12-14. Spire striate, slightly tuberculate, body-whorl granular, striate towards the base ; white, marbled with chestnut or chocolate, with revolving rows of chestnut spots. Length, 1-1-5 inches. Philippines, Moluccas. C. rivularis, Reeve (fig. 13), in which the granules extend more or less over the entire surface, may be considered a synonym or slight varietj11, the variation being in the direction of the pre- ceding species. C. albomaculatus, Sowb. (fig. 14), is a similar shell, and has priority of publication, but I am not positive as to its identity with hoeticus. C. MURICULATUS, Sowb. PL 6, fig. 15. Shell with straight sides, and short conical spire, the shoulder sharply angulated and tuberculated ; body-whorl strongly striate towards the base, encircled throughout with lines of granules ; white, violet-tinged towards the base, with two light chestnut or yellowish brown, broad, irregular and somewhat indistinct bands. Length, 1 inch. Philippines. C. PLUMBEUS, Reeve. PL 7, figs. 16, IT. Shell violaceous, more or less marbled with chestnut, and more or less granular on the body-whorl ; spire convex^ conical, tuberculated ; aperture violaceous. Length, 1 inch. South Africa. C. liratus, Reeve, is a juvenile of this species. It is closely related to C. muriculalus. C. MOLUCCENSIS (Chemn.), Auct. PL T, figs. 18, 19. Shell coronated ; yellowish white, marbled and streaked with chestnut, with minute revolving lines of granules .which are often somewhat articulated red-brown and white. Length, 1*6 inches. Moluccas. The synonyms are C. Stain forthii, Reeve, and C. proximus, Sowb. (PL 1, fig. 19); the latter less granulate and apparently not fully grown. C. MAGELLANICUS, Hwass. PL 7, figs. 20-23 Shell smooth, with distant revolving striae, the upper ones nearly obsolete ; spire concavely depressed, with raised apex and CONUS. 27 somewhat tuberculate ; yellowish with a band of irregular white blotches dotted and shaded with chestnut in the centre, and smaller ones at the upper part and base ; apex pink. Length, 1 inch. West Indies 1 Dr. Weinkauff quotes several West Indian Islands as locali- ties for this species, but it is not in the Swift collection of W. I. shells, nor does it occur in Mr. Krebs' catalogue. Possibly it is a variation -of C. nebulosus, Linn. C. specionissimu.8, Reeve (fig. 21), is a variet}r, according to Dr. "Weinkauff, and C. Lube.ckianus, Bernard! (fig. 22), is a pale example of it. Sowerby considers C. cidaris, Kiener (fig. 23), another variety. C. CARDINALIS, Hwass. PI. 7, fig. 24. Spire tuberculated ; body-whorl encircled by lines of granules ; yellowish pink or scarlet-pink, with an irregular central white band, which is occasionally spotted with brown. Length, 1 inch. Lesser Antilles, Venezuela ? C. DIANTHUS, Sowb. PL 7, fig. 25. Shell rather abbreviately conical, pale pink, with irregular patches of orange ; with rather distant revolving ridges and faint longitudinal striae, undulating across the ribs and forming thereon minute scales; last whorl obscurely coronated; aperture pink within. Length, 28 mill. Habitat unknown. C. ARCHON, Brod. PI. 7, figs. 26-29. Spire concavely elevated, not coronated ; body-whorl smooth, slightly striate below ; irregularly marbled with chestnut and white, with equidistant chestnut revolving lines bearing white spots. Length, 1*5-2*75 inches. West Coast of Central America. C. castaneus, Kiener (fig. 27), is a synonym. Yar. GRANARIUS, Kiener. PI. 7, fig. 29. The white spots upon the revolving lines are granularly elevated. C. sanguineus, Kiener (fig. 28), is a similar shell. 28 CONUS. C. LAMBERTI, Souverbie. PI. 7, fig. 30. Shell smooth; orange-brown, with large subtriangular white patches, mostly arranged so as to indicate three broad bands. Length, 107 mill. New Caledonia. C. NEBULOSUS, Solander. PI. 7, figs. 31-34. Spire concavely elevated, tuberculate, closely striate ; nebu- lously painted with orange-brown, chestnut or chocolate and white, the latter forming usually an interrupted and irregular central band, besides being miscellaneously disposed on other parts of the surface ; encircled by close narrow brown lines, which are sometimes slightly raised. Length, l*5-2'25 inches. West Indies and the adjoining shores of N. and S. America. The variations of this beautiful species in the shades and pat- tern of coloring are almost endless. It is the C. leucostictus^ Gmelin, of Crosse, and includes also the C. Barbadcnsis. of Reeve, not Hwass, C. solidus, Chemn., and C. cedo-nulli, Hwass (figs. 32-34). The latter has usually been considered a distinct species, but its characters of narrower shoulder and spotted lines have no distinctive value. C. TAYLORIANUS, E. A. Smith. PL 7, fig. 35. Spire coronate, body-whorl with punctate revolving grooves ; very dark chocolate, with a few white patches. Length, 20 mill. Australia ? C. BBUNNEUS, Gray. PL 7, figs. 36, 37. Spire short conical, tuberculate; chestnut-brown, lineated with chocolate, with sometimes longitudinal white macnlations form- ing a broad central interrupted band, and a few additional maculations on other portions of the surface ; base subgranularly striate. Length, 1'75 inches. W. Coast of Cent. America, Galapagos Is. Rather closely related to varieties of C. nebulosux. The uni- formly brown-colored specimens = C. diadema, Sowb. (fig. 3(5). C. GLADIATOR, Brod. PL 8. fig. 38. Spire rather depressed, tuberculate and striate; chocolate- brown, variegated with white, disposed in longitudinal streaks, with an irregular white band, and more or less distinct revolving CONUS. 29 lines of darker brown ; interior white or tinged with chocolate ; epidermis fibrous. Length, 1/25-1/75 inches. West Coast of Cent. America. Too closely allied to C. brunneus. C. SUFFUSUS, Sowb. PL 8, figs. 39, 40. Shell tuberculate on the spire, entire surface with revolving- fine striae, becoming faint or obsolete above ; rosy, more or less faintly three- or four-banded with light chestnut; epidermis thin, light olivaceous. Length, 2-25 inches. New Caledonia. Crosse's var. Noumeensix (fig. 40) can be united with the typical suffusus, its distinctive character being slight. C. PRINCEPS, Linn. PL 8, figs. 41-43. Shell with low, distantly but distinctly tuberculated spire, and direct sides, slightly striate at the base; yellowish brown, orange or pink, sometimes without markings, but usually with irregular longitudinal chestnut or chocolate strigations most of which are continuous from spire to base, and varying from fine and close to heavier and more distant markings ; interior yellow or pink ; epidermis dark brown, fibrous, with distant revolving series of tufted spots. Length, 1-5-2-25 inches. West Coast of Central America. The broad-striped state is C. regius, Chemn. (fig. 42) ; that with the stripes obsolete, C. lineolatux, Val. (fig. 43). Section VI I. AMMIRALES. Leptoconu8,Wdrcb. Rhizoconus, Morch, pars. C. AMMIR.ALLS, Liijii. PL 8, figs. 44-46. Chestnut-color with darker revolving lines, and upper, basal and one or two approximate bands, finely reticulated with yellow on a white ground ; this pattern is overlaid with large, irregularly disposed triangular white spots. Length, 2-5 inches. Madagascar, Ceylon, Mauritius, East Indies, Philippines, New Caledonia. C. archithalassus, Dillw. (fig. 45), is a variety with coronated spire ; in another variety figured by Kiener (fig. 46), the revolving lines are elevated into granules. 30 CONUS. C. NOBILIS, Linn. PL 8, figs. 4T-49. Spire depressed, with sulcate and finely striate volutions, shoulder-angle sharp ; yellowish brown or chestnut, with close revolving lines of numerous small chestnut spots, whole surface irregularly overlaid by triangular large white spots. Length, 2-2'5 inches. Philippines, Moluccas, Andaman Is. C. cordigerus, Sowb. (fig. 48), and G. victor, Brod. (fig. 49), are synonyms. C. TIIALASSIARCHUS, Gray. PL 8, figs. 50, 51. Spire depressed and nearly smooth, with a sharp angle ; white, longitudinally and angularly reticulated with chestnut lines, chocolate-tinted at the base ; sometimes with an irregular central white band covered by revolving lines of spots, and occasionally with yellowish bands above and below the latter and similarly spotted. Length, 2-3 inches. Philippines, Eed Sea (Jickeli). C. castrensis, Grould, has priority of publication, but as that name has not obtained currency, it is, perhaps, best not to revive it. C. AMADIS (Martini), Auct. PL 8, fig. 52. Spire striate, channeled, concavely elevated, sharp-pointed, shoulder-angle sharp ; lower part of body-whorl punctured- grooved; orange-brown to chocolate-colored, thickly covered with lar^e and small subtriangular white spots, which by their varied disposition sometimes form a white central band, or dark bands ^bove and below the centre— the latter occasionally bearing articulated revolving lines. Length, 2*5-3'5 inches. Ceylon, Java, New Caledonia, Polynesia. C. WEINKAUFFII, Lobbecke. PL 8, fig. 53. Spire gradate ; body-whorl striate towards the base ; whitish, encircled by numerous alternate rows of large and small oblong chocolate blotches. Length, 80 mill. New Caledonia. C. COXENI, Brazier. PL 9, fig. 58. Shell fusiform, thick, heavy, with twenty deep, spiral punctated CONUS. 3 1 lines below, and three at the shoulder-angle ; marked with brown flames and white and brown dots in revolving series. Length, 1-25 inches. Moreton Bay, Australia. C. ACUMINATUS, Hwass. PL 8, fig. 54 ; PL 9, fig. 55. Spire channeled, concavely elevated ; yellowish or pink-white, with a network of chestnut or chocolate; sometimes indistinctly banded, with lines of spots on the bands; aperture generally rose-tinted. Length, 1'5-1'75 inches. Red Sea. Besides being smaller, the pattern of coloring on this shell differs from that of C. Amadis by being reticulated rather than triangularly spotted. C. insigms, Sowb., is a synonym. Yar. CUNEATUS, Sowb. PL 9, fig. 55. Shell not reticulated ; pink-white, with two pale yellow bands and a very few chestnut spots on the body-whorl and spire ; aperture rosy. At first sight appears distinct. Jickeli has figured it as a variety, in his paper on the Cones of the Red Sea. C. SCHECH, Jickeli. PL 9, fig. 56. Shell narrow; yellowish, reticulated with chestnut or choco- late, with two broad, spotted dark bands. Length, 1-1-5 inches. Eed Sea. Is perhaps only an extreme variety of C. acuminatus, Hwass. It is the C. Neptunus of Kiener (not Reeve), and is figured by Sowerby as a variety of C. Amadis. C. NODULOSUS, Sowb. PL 9, fig. 59. Shell with elevated, channeled spire ; yellowish, delicately and openly reticulated with chestnut ; aperture roseate. Length, 2 inches. Australia (Taylor collection). The locality is very doubtful, as is also the claim of the shell to recognition as a species distinct from C. acuminatus. C. LUCTIFICUS, Reeve. PL 9, fig. 60. Spire rather elevated, channeled ; body-whorl with straight sides, closely grooved towards the base ; whitish, stained and longitudinally streaked with reddish brown, and encircled with 32 CONUS. interrupted fillets of a darker brown, leaving a whitish hand around the centre and along the upper margin; spire tessellated. Length, 37 mill. Habitat unknown. Dr. Weinkauff supposes this to be a variety of C. acuminatus, Hwass ; it appears to me to be too close to C. monile, Hwass. C. BIFASCIATUS. Sowb. PI. 9, fig. 61. Shell rosy white, with a chestnut band on the spire, one above the middle and another at the base of the body-whorl. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. An obscure species, only known by Sowerby's figure and A. Adams' description of C./asciatus (preoccupied). C. SPICULUM, Reeve. PL 9, fig. 62. Shell narrowly fusiform, with greatly elevated spire ; body- whorl ridged at the base ; whitish, with a few chestnut spots. Length. 1 inch. Philippines. Said hy Reeve to differ from the young of C. generalis ; it is, however, undoubtedly a young shell. Several specimens occurred to C uming, dredged at 25 fathoms. C. SUBCAUINATUS, Sowb. PL 9, fig. 63. Shell smooth, silicate towards the base ; white, tinted with very light purple, with brown, angulated longitudinal flames, interrupted by a central white band ; a variety has two wide bands, ornamented with interrupted revolving lines. Length, 40 mill. Nicobar Ides. I am not acquainted with this species. C. FULGURANS, Hwass. PL 9, figs. 65, 66. Shell ovately conical, rather solid, spire broadly channeled, base distantly grooved ; white, with rust-brown flexuous longi- tudinal flames, and a white central band, with revolving row of spots. Length, 40 mill. Moluccas j N. Australia (Brazier). Dr. Weinkauff makes C. eximius, Reeve (fig. 66), = the young of this species. CON US. oo C. MALACCANUS, Hwass. PL 9, fig. 64. Spire slightly convex, apex elevated, flatly channeled ; base snlcate ; white, doubly banded with pale orange-red, the lower band being the wider, variegated between the bands by chestnut longitudinal lines and clouds, and occasional revolving series of short lines — the latter often bordering the bands also. Length, 2'5 inches. Ceylon, Nicobar Is., Malacca. Nearly the same pattern of coloring as in C. generalis, but differing in the revolving short lines. C. DELESSERTIANUS, Reclnz. PL 9, fig. 67. Shell with concavely elevated, sulcated spire, body-whorl grooved towards the base; yellowish white, three-banded with orange-brown, spotted and flamed with chestnut. Length, 2'3 inches. Isl. of Socotra, E. Africa. Somewhat peculiar in its elevated spire and acuminated body, whorl. C. CENTURIO, Born. PL 9, fig. 68. Whorls of the rather low spire with shallow sulcus, body-whorl grooved towards the base; yellowish brown, two-banded with white, the whole surface overlaid with longitudinal flames and short streaks and zigzags of chestnut-color ; spire chestnut- flamed. Length, 2-2*5 inches. Went Indies, Venezuela, Guiana. C. ANABATIIRUM, Crosse. PL 9. fig. G9. Spire elevated, gradate, body-whorl grooved towards the base; pale yellowish brown, with a central white band and scattered white maculations, obscureLy encircled by lines of light chestnut spots. Length, 1 inch. Hob. unknown (Crosse) ; Mauritius (Weinkauff). C. ARTICULATUS, Sowb. PL 9, fig. 70. Chestnut-colored, with revolving lines articulated with choco- late and white, a central white band and another below the angle of the spire. Length, 18 mill. Mauritius. Dr. Weinkauff ma^es this a synonym of the preceding species. 34 CONUS. C. TEGULATUS, Sowerby. PI. 9, fig. 71. Shell rather narrow, with concavely elevated spire ; body- whorl distantly sulcate throughout, between the sulci planilirate ; white, with chestnut linear spots arranged in longitudinal flam- mules, giving a tessellated appearance, and forming two obscure bands. Length, 21 mill. China Sea. C. MACABRE, Bernardi. PI. 9, fig. 12. Orange-brown, with fine, close, faint chestnut revolving lines, a white band on the middle and another at the shoulder of the body-whorl, both marked or bordered by irregular chestnut blotches. Length, 40 mill. Mauritius. C. MONILE, Hwass. PI. 9, fig. 73. Spire nearly plane, with raised apex, chestnut-flamed ; body- whorl closely striate below, and generally chestnut-stained at the base ; white, with oblique flames, spots and short lines of chestnut arranged in revolving series. Length, 2-2*5 inches. Ceylon, Java, Philippines. C. GENERALIS, Linn. PL 9, fig. 74 ; PL 27, fig. 4. Spire rather plane, with acuminate, raised apex; orange-brown to chocolate, irregularly white-banded at the shoulder, in the middle, and at the base, the bands overlaid with zigzag or irreg- ular chocolate-colored markings. Length, 2'5 inches. Red Sea, Ceylon, Isle of Bourbon, E. Africa, E. Indies, Philippines, N. Caledonia. C. spiroglossus, Desh. (fig. 4), is a juvenile of this species. €. MALDIVUS, Hwass. PL 9, fig. 75 ; PL 10, fig. 76. Shell encircled by distant revolving lines of small spots ; sometimes irregularly clouded with white, not forming bands ; at other times irregularly banded. Length, 2-3 inches. Eed Sea, Ceylon, Mas/car ene and Maldiue Is. Is possibly only a variety of C. generalis. C. TRAVERSIANUS, Smith. PL 10, fig. 86. Shell narrow, distantly sulcate, the upper sulci nearly obsolete ; pale pink, with two broad orange-red bands, and with revolving CONUS. lines of red and white articulations ; aperture rose-colored ; spire grooved, dotted with red and white at th^ sutures. Length, 43 mill. Habitat unknown. C. BAYANI, Jousseaume. PI. 10, fig. 87. White, with longitudinal streaks and clouds of light chestnut, forming two interrupted broad bands', .upon which are vestiges of a few narrow revolving lines of chocolate. Length, 55 mill. ? Isle of Bourbon. C. GUESTIERI, Lorois. PI. 10, fig. 88. Shell with distant revolving grooves ; orange-brown, with a narrow central band of white maculations ; spire tessellated, striate. Length, 14 mill. Habitat unknown. Probably a young shell. C. VOLUMINALIS, Hinds. PI. 10, figs. 77, 78. Shell whitish or yellowish white, usually faintly lined with yellow or light chestnut, with two bands of irregular longitudinal light chestnut blotches. Length, 1-5 inches. Malacca. Var. FLORIDULUS, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 10, fig. 78. Rosy white, the bands more continuous, base violet-tinted. C. LORENZIANUS, Chemn. PI. 10, fig. 79. Shell pinkish white, longitudinally interruptedly strigate with chestnut, forming, by the regular breaks, numerous revolving zones. Length, 1-5-2 inches. West Indies (Weinkauff). The locality given for this species is very uncertain. C. VIRGATUS, Reeve. PL 10, figs. 80-82. Shell pinkish white, rather narrow, continuously but irregu- larly longitudinally strigate with chestnut. Length, 1*5-2 inches. W. Coast of Central America. This is the C. Lorenzianus and C. zebra of Reeve's Iconica. C. Cunringii, Reeve, in part (fig. 81), and C. sanguinolentus, Reeve (fig. 82), are varieties in which the longitudinal striga- tions are obsolete, or nearly so. C. SCALARIS, Yalenc. PI. 10, fig. 83. Spire elevated, gradate, maculated with chestnut ; body-whorl 36 CONUS. ' somewhat acuminate below; yellowish white with brown-chestnut longitudinal strigations, scarcely interrupted for a narrow central white band, and replaced towards the base by a few revolving rows of chestnut markings. Length, 3 inches. Panama to Gulf of California. C. FLAVESCENS, Gray. PI. 10, fig. 84. Shell smooth, grooved towards the base ; yellowish, variegated with large irregular white blotches, arranged mostly just below the shoulder-angle, and below the middle of the body-whorl, so as to form two interrupted bands. Length, '75-1 inch. So. Australia? Ceylon1? C. LARGILLIERTI, Kiener. PI. 10, fig. 85. Spire rather elevated, maculated ; light chestnut, with darker revolving lines of spots, and usually a white central band. Length, 1 25-l'T5 inches. Yucatan. This is the C. Japonicus, Brng., according to Mr. Sowerby, but Kiener's identification of that undetermined species is quite different. C. PEALIT, Green. PL 10, figs. 89-92. Spire conically elevated ; body-whorl grooved on the lower half; yellowish, maculated with chestnut, with numerous white and chestnut dots arranged in revolving lines ; spire sparingly strigate with chestnut, the strigations give the appearance of depressions upon the sharp angle of the body-whorl, so that at first sight this appears as though coronated. Length, '75-1 25 inches. Florida, Bahamas. C. Stearnsii, Conrad (fig. 91), and C. candidus, Kiener (fig. 92), are synonyms. C. LEMNISCATUS, ReCVC. PI. 10, fig. 93. Shell with slightly contracted sides ; spire acuminated with strong growth-lines; body-whorl delicately ridged throughout ; whitish, maculated with chestnut, and every alternate ridge chestnut-spotted. Length, 1*5 inches. ]]itdt in//,-/ C. urifjifteifHS, Sowerby, was described sixteen] years later from the same specimen. CONUS. 37 C. CLERTT, Reeve. PL 10, fig. 94. Shell finely rtclged throughout ; white, variegated with choco- late longitudinal, flammules and streaks. Length, 1'25 inches* Brazil, Venezuela, West Indies. C. MINUTUS, Reeve. PI. 10, fig. 95 a. Shell flesh-color, with two approximate, central brown bands. Length, 9 mill. Island of St. Vincent, West Indies. This is a very young shell, and should not have been described as a distinct species, as its adult state is very probably known under another name. C. EMARGINATUS, Reeve. PL 10, figs. 95, 96. Shell with conically elevated, channeled spire; body-whorl grooved below, its sides concave ; white, longitudinally streaked and flamed with chocolate. Length, 45 mill. Venezuela to Brazil. Very probably equals C. Clerii, from which it differs mainly in the want of striae on the upper portion of the body-whorl, and its somewhat more concave sides. C. lentiginosus, Reeve (fig. 96), is considered a variety by Dr. Weinkauif. C. VILLEPINI, Bernardi and Fischer. PL 10, fig. 97. Shell smooth, with sharply angled shoulder, grooved towards the base, and striate spire ; yellowish white, with chocolate mac illations forming three obscure bands. Length, 30 mill. Marie Galante, West Indies. Is possibly a variety of C. emarginatus. C. REGULARIS, Sowb. PL 11, figs. 98-2. Shell white or yellowish white, with chestnut-chocolate macu- lations and spots, variously arranged in revolving series ; some- times the ground-color of the shell is chestnut, with dark chocolate markings and chocolate aperture ; spire somewhat concavely elevated, with acute apex ; epidermis thin, smooth, translucent. Length, l'5-2*5 inches. Panama to Mazatlan, Guaymas. One of the most characteristic species of the West Coast of Mexico. Its synonyms include C. dispar, Sowb. (fig. 2), C. incur viiSj Kiener (fig. 100), and G. anyulatus, A. Ad. (fig. l\ 38 CONUS. C. SELECTUS, A. Adams. PL 11, fig. 3. Shell thin, encircled by brown punctate lines, ^contracted and sulcate at the base, slightly swollen at the sides, acutely angulate at the spire. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. A species of doubtful validity, not very different from the following. C. FLORIDANUS, Gabb. PI. 11, figs. 4, 5. Spire elevated, somewhat tabulate ; body-whorl with straight sides, grooved towards the base ; yellowish white, mottled and streaked with chestnut, with an obscure central white band, and another narrower one at the shoulder, between the bands often encircled with rows of brown spots. Length, 1-4-2 inches. Florida, Bahamas. C. Floridensis, Sowb. (fig. 5), is a synonym. C. SIEBOLDII, "Reeve. PI. 11, figs. 6, T. Spire rather elevated, the sutures sharply carinate ; body- whorl narrow, grooved below; white, with a few central chestnut blotches. Length, 2 inches. Japan, China. C. rarimaculatus, Sowb. (fig. 7), is probably the young of this species. C. PAPILLARIS, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 8. Spire elevated, somewhat tabulate, finely tuberculated ; white, longitudinally streaked in a clouded manner with orange-brown. Length, 1'75 inches. Borneo. C. GRADATULUS, Sowb. PL 9, fig. 57. Spire elevated, gradate, with channeled whorls; body-whorl roseate ; with three series of longitudinal maculations of chestnut-color, forming interrupted bands ; aperture ros}^ Length, 1*75 inches. Agulhas Ba,nk, So. Africa. Described b}' Sowerby as C. turritus, a name preoccupied by Lamarck for a fossil species. C. OPTABILIS, A. Ad. PL 11, fig. 9. Spire elevated, slightly gradate, body-whorl slightly grooved towards the base ; color uniform roseate. Length, *8 inch. Habitat unknown. CONUS. 39 A doubtful species ; it may possibly = the preceding, but is proportionally stouter. C. MAZEI, Desk. PI. 11, fig. 10. Shell long and narrow, with striated, conical spire, and smooth body-whorl, at base distantly punctate-striate ; yellowish white, with rather distant rows of chestnut spots. Length, 60 mill. Martinique ; deep sea. A remarkable species, of which a single specimen was obtained as above. Section VIII. CAPITANET. Rhizoconus, pars, Morch. C. SUMATRENSIS, Hwass. PL 11, figs. 11, 12. Spire usually somewhat convex, striate, white, broadly flamed with chocolate; body-whorl white or yellowish brown, with irregular chocolate longitudinal strigations ; partially interrupted so as to form a central white band. Length, 2'5-3'5 inches. Red Sea ; ? Sumatra. Var. NEMOCANUS, Hwass. Plate 11, fig. 12. The longitudinal markings are less defined, broader, and give a darker shade to the shell. Red Sea, E. Indies, Mauritius, Philippines, N. Caledonia. C. badius, Kiener, and C. Isevigatus, Sowb. (in part), are syn- onymous. C. VEXILLUM, Gmelin. PI. 11, figs. 12 a, 13, 14. Shell large and rather thin ; spire striate ; yellowish or chestnut- color, with an irregular white central band, sometimes obso- lete, and occasionally another interrupted band at the shoulder ; spire variegated with white and chestnut broad flames, the latter often overlaying also the lighter chestnut of the bod} -whorl. Length, 3-4*5 inches. E. Africa, Ceylon, Java, Philippines, N. Caledonia, Samoan Isles. This species includes C. laevigatus, Sowb., pars (fig. 13), and possibly C. Robillardi, Bern. (fig. 14) ; the latter a young shell. 40 CONUS. C. CONGO LOR, Sowb. PL 11, fig. 15. Spire striate ; entire surface uniform cinnamon-brown color, encircled on the body-whorl by narrow brown lines. Length, 2 inches. . Indi a, China. Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species. C. MUTABILTS (Chemn.), Auct. PI. 12, figs. 19, 20. Shell somewhat swollen above, spire striate ; light yellowish brown, variegated b%y darker strigations, and faint revolving- lines or rows of spots, often indistinctly lighter-banded in the middle. Length, T75-2-5 inches. Red Sea, E. Indies, China. C. hyaena, Reeve, not Hwass (fig. 20). is a synonym. C. MILES, Linn. PI. 11, fig. 16 ; PL 27, fig. 11. Spire obsoletely tuberculate or smooth ; rather depressed ; body-whorl spirally ridged at the base ; yellowish white, with close narrow thread-like longitudinal chestnut strigations, inter- rupted by a chocolate revolving band above the middle, base stained chocolate ; aperture banded, chocolate and white. Length, 2-4 inches. E. Africa, Ceylon, Japan, Philippines, N. Caledonia, Central Polynesia. C. CAPITANEUS, Linn. PL 12, figs. 21-24 ; PL 11, figs. It, 18. Spire low, striate, flamed with chocolate and white ; body- whorl yellowish, or orange-brown, encircled by rows of chestnut dots, usually stained chocolate at the base, there is a central white band, with chocolate hierogtyphic markings on either side, and a shoulder-band, crossed by chocolate smaller longitudinal markings ; aperture chocolate, with a white band. Length, 2-3 inches. Ceylon, Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia, Polynesia, Mauritius. Var. MUSTELINUS, Hwass. PL 11, figs. 17,18 ; PL 12, figs. 23, 24 ; PL 21, figs. 5, 6. The border-markings of the bands reduced to spots, the other revolving spots of the typical form absent. Clearly connected with the type by intermediate states. CON US. 41 C. citrinus, Kiener (fig. 18), and C. sulphuraius, Kiener (fig. 17), are half-grown and young specimens; C. tennis, Sowb. (PI. 27, fig. 5), is another young shell, but differing in color. Var. CECILIA, Chenu. PL 12, fig. 24 : PL 27, fig. 6. Shell colored like the type, but encircled with punctations impressed in lines. C. classiarius, Kiener (PL 12, fig. 24), is probably identical. C. RATTUS, Hwass. PL 12, figs. 25-27. Shell yellowish brown or ash-color, often with fine close chest- nut revolving lines, with large white spots and maculations usually forming an interrupted central band and another at the shoulder. Length, 1'25-1'75 inches. Eed Sea, Ceylon, New Caledonia, Tahiti, etc. C. Taheitensis, Hwass (fig. 26), is a color-variety of this spe- cies, and C. viridis, Sowb. (fig. 27), is an unusually colored juvenile. C. SEMIVELATUS, Sowb. PL 12, fig. 29. Shell plum-color, indistinctly light-banded in the middle and on the shoulder; aperture purple. Length, 16 mill. Red Sea. C. LISCIIKEANUS, Weinkauff. PL 12, fig. 28. Whorls of the spire with shallow channel, body-whorl smooth, striate at the base; sulphur-yellow, without ornamentation except maculations on the spire ; aperture white. Length, 52 mill. Japan. Resembles C. mutabilis, Chemn., but is immediately distin- guished by its channeled spire. C. CLASSIAIUUS, Hwass. PL 12, figs. 30-34. Shell olive-brown, or ash-color, with a white central band, and usually another obsolete one below the shoulder-angle, encircled by numerous chestnut and white articulated lines ; spire macu- lated with chestnut ; aperture light chocolate with central white band. Length, 1-25-1-75 inches. Red Sea. C. Blainmllei, Kiener, and C. splendidulus, Sowb. (fig. 31), are identical, and C. Ruppellii, Reeve (fig. 32), and C. adastus, Sowb. '(fig. 33), are young shells. " 42 CONUS. Var. PAZII, Bernardi. PI. 12, fig. 34. Shell whitish, with irregular orange-brown longitudinal macu- lations, interrupted to form a white band at the shoulder, another at the middle, and a third at the base of the body-whorl; every- where encircled with small spots in revolving series. C. TRIGONUS, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 35. Somewrhat triangularly ovate, grooved at the base ; spire depressed, five-grooved, sharp at the apex; white, stained and banded with reddish brown, and encircled with numerous narrow delicately articulated filaments ; spire tessellated. Length, 1'25 inches. Philippines. C. AUREOLUS, Sowb. PL 12, fig. 36. Spire rather depressed, with sharp apex, body-whorl striate below ; yellowish, with light chestnut spots in revolving series. Length, '15-1 inch. Habitat unknown. The specimen of largest dimension is before me ; it agrees perfectly with Sowerby's figure, and certainly is not fully grown. C. COFFEA, Gmelin. PL 12, figs. 37-39. Shell yellowish brown, white-banded in the middle and less distinctly so at the shoulder and base of the body-whorl ; these bands are sometimes maculated, like the spire, with chestnut, and there are, on the darker portions, occasional faint chestnut revolving lines. Length, 2 inches. Red Sea, East Africa, Malacca. Closely united in characters with G. rattus, of which it may be only a variety ; partakes also of the characters of C. classia- rius, and less distinctly of G. capitaneus. It is not unlikely that these species, with G. mustelinus, will need to be united when we become better acquainted with the variations of the Cones. C. excavatus, Sowb. (fig. 38), and C. incarnatus, Reeve (fig. 39), are respectively fine and pale-colored varieties of G. coffea. C. TURBINATUS, Sowb. PL 12, fig. 40. Shell yellowish brown, with several narrow, lighter bands; grooved towards the base. Length, 1*75 inches. Habitat unknown. CONUS. 43 C. VITTATUS, Lam. PL 13, figs. 41-44. Shell pink-brown, maculated or strigatecl longitudinally with light chestnut, with chestnut-dotted revolving striae, and a ceritrai- white, chestnut maculated band ; spire convex maculated with chestnut. Length, 2 inches. Panama, Real Llejos. C. Cumingii, Reeve, in part (fig. 42), said to have been col- lected by Mr. Cuming at the Philippine Islands, appears to be synonymous. Yar. ORION, Brod. PL 13, figs. 43, 44. Shell broader and more angular at the shoulder, spire not convex ; color dark brown, with similar maculated white bands, and rather continuous revolving lines of darker brown. C. Heno- quei, Bernardi (fig. 44), is probably identical. Section IX. VIRGINES. Lithoconus, pars, Mo'rch. C. YIRGO, Linn. PL 13, figs. 45, 46. Shell solid, rounded below the shoulder-angle, spire flatly convex, slightly striate throughout, more distinctly at the base ; pale yellowish brown, tinged with violet at the base. Length, 2-5-3'5 inches. Red Sea, E. Africa, Ceylon, Philippines, New Caledonia, Polynesia,. The shells figured by Reeve, Weinkauff and Sowerby for C. pastinaca, Lam., are probably worn specimens of this species. C. pastinaca is a doubtful species, the specimens in the Lamarckian collection at Geneva including, besides the above form, others lined like C. quercinus. Yar. GOSLING, Crosse. PL 13, fig. 46. Spire nearly plane, body-whorl a little swollen below, and twisted so as to form a very oblique slight columellar fold. New Caledonia. 44 CONUS. C. EMACIATUS, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 4f. Shell narrow, with depressed conical spire, ridged-striate throughout ; light yellow, violet-stained at the base. Length, 1-5 inches. Java, Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia, Polynesia. Distinguished by its narrower form and raised striae. C. FLAVIDUS, Lam. PL 13, figs. 48-50. Shell yellowish to orange-brown, with an obscure lighter band below the shoulder and in the middle, encircled by ridged striae, sometimes nearly obsolete above, base stained purple ; aperture orange or violaceous, with a white central band. Length, 1-5-2-25 inches. Red Sea, E. Africa, Ceylon, Java, Australia, New Caledonia, Polynesia. C. Maltzanianus, Weinkauff (fig. 49), is founded on highly colored specimens, with more rounded shoulder, the striae rather more distant, sometimes subgranulous. These characters are common in some of the Tahitian specimens, but have no distinctive value. C. mirmillo, Crosse (fig. 50), described from a single specimen without locality in the Cumingian collection, is of the same general character as C. Maltzanianus. Yar. PEASEI, Brazier. Spire flat" sides slightly contracted in the middle, lip bright orange, stained with violet, epidermis thicker and rougher than the type. Described by Pease as C. neglectus, a name preoccu- pied by A. Adams. Pease subsequently considered it a mere variety of C.Jlamdus. C. GLOYNEI, Sowb. PL 13, fig. 51. Spire slightly coronate, deeply grooved ; dark chestnut, lighter banded at the shoulder and in the middle of the body- whorl ; aperture white. Length, 26 mill. Habitat unknown. C. LOMBEI, Sowerby. PL 13, fig. 52. Shell smooth, sulcate anteriorly; reddish brown, maculated with white at the shoulder ; aperture purplish. Length, 22 mill. Mauritius $ CONUS. 45 C. ^GROTUS, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 53. Shell oblong, turbinated, rather thick, somewhat rudely^ twisted at the base, transversely obsoletely striated in a slightly waved manner, irregularly longitudinally marked with lines of growth ; spire flatly depressed, minutely obsoletely carinated towards the apex ; cream-color, marked with rows of very minute pale brown dots, leaving a white band in the centre ; base dark livid violet. Length, 2 inches. Philippines. C. LIVIDUS, Hwass. PL 13, figs. 54-57. ' Spire coronated, depressed conical, lower half of body-whorl distantly striated, and the striae sparsely granulous ; light yellowish or olivaceous to orange-brown, tubercles of the spire and a band below the shoulder, as well as a central band on the body-whorl, white, base and interior violaceous ; epidermis somewhat tufted in distant revolving series. Length, 1*5-2 inches. Red Sea to Polynesia, E. Africa, Mauritius. Differs from C.Jlavidus in having coronated whorls, a char- acter which I fear is not specific. C. citrinus, Gmel. (fig. 55', as usually, but perhaps incorrectly, identified, belongs here ; Quoy, who describes the animal as bright red, calls it C. sanguinolentus. Yar. SUGILLATUS, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 56. Tubercles oblique ; spire-whorls flatly channeled, more or less stained brown ; the white bands of the body-whorl more dis- tinct, the brown surface more or less resolved into very close, faintly brown-spotted lines. Yar. CREPUSCULUM, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 57. Pale yellow, without white bands, of much lighter growth than C. lividits, spire obsoletely finely beaded, aperture white. An obscure form. Length, 28 mill. C. OBLITUS, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 58.' Shell narrow, with convexly depressed, tuberculated spire, body-whorl striate below ; yellowish olivaceous, indistinctly white- banded in the middle, tubercles, and a band below the shoulder also white, base and aperture violaceous. Length, '9-1-25 inches. Philippines. 46 CONUS. Dr. Weinkauff makes this a variety of C. livid-its, but it is always smaller, much narrower, somewhat differently colored, etc. Described by Mr. Reeve as C. elongatus, but that name being preoccupied by Chemnitz, he changed it as above ; subse-. quently Crosse, ignorant of the change of name made by Reeve, proposed to call the species C. Moreleti. C. MOUSSONI, Crosse. PL 13, fig. 59. Shell minutety coronated, citron-yellow, rarely maculated longitudinally with white; aperture and base of columella white. Length, 21 mill. Seychelles Isles. C. PRYNTANIS, Sowb. PL 13, fig. CO. Shell strongly coronate ; brown, with a light central narrow band; aperture purplish. Length, 35 mill. Galapagos Is. C. EVELINA, Sowb. PL 13, fig. 61. Shell coronated ; yellowish brown, longitudinally striped with darker color, with a central pale band. Length, 28 mill. Habitat unknown. Narrower and less strongly tuberculate on the spire than the last species. C. PRIMULA, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 62. Shell light }rellowish brown, white around the tubercles, with a central band of large oblong cream-white spots. Length, 1'25 inches, Natal, Australia, Polynesia. C. CIBIELI, Kiener. PL 13, fig. 63. Shell finely coronated, dark brown, with a central whitish band. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. This species remains unrecognized ; it appears to differ from C. lividus mainly in the absence of violet coloring at the base. C. TABIDUS, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 64. Shell turbinated, slightly pyriform, thin, every where grooved, basal grooves wider and rather deep, the others irregular, very fine, waved , white, entire surface peculiarly sculptured with CONUS. 47 longitudinal striae, spire rather obtusely convex, obsoletely coro- nated. Length, 34 mill. West Africa. I am not acquainted with this species. C. HEPATICUS, Kiener. PI. 14, fig. 65. Shell conically turbinatcd ; spire flat-convex, slightly chan- neled ; bocty-whorl grooved towards the base ; white, brown- stained at the apex. Length, 1*75 inches. Habitat unknown. An obscure form, of very doubtful specific value. C. ALBICANS, Sowb. PL 14, fig. 66. Spire depressed, with raised apex, compressedly tuberculate ; body-whorl smooth, grooved towards the base ; white, base stained with violet-chestnut. Length, 1*7 inches. Habitat unknown. I have before me two specimens, agreeing perfectly with Sowerby's figure. The shell differs in form, thickness and coloring from all the varieties of C. lividus. C. UNICOLOR, Sowb. PL 14, fig. 67. Shell long and narrow, spire convex, distantly tuberculate, body-whorl smooth, substriate towards the base ; fawn-color, tinged with violet, aperture violaceous. Length, 1/7 inches. Habitat unknown. May possibly be a variety of the preceding species. C. DISTANS, Hwass. PL 14, figs. 68, 69. Shell yellowish fawn-color, obsoletely banded with white at the middle and upper part, sometimes the bands are not contin- uous, but consist of irregular oblique markings ; body-whorl encircled by obsolete impressed lines, stained with violet-chestnut towards the base ; spire low, convex, with rather obtuse rounded tubercles ; interior white, stained with light violet. Length, 2-4*25 inches. Isle of Bourbon, Philippines, N. Caledonia, N. Zealand, Tahiti, etc. 48 CONUS. Section X. DAUCT. Bhizocomis, ex parte, Morch. C. DAUCUS, Hwass. PL 14, figs. 70-72. Shell lemon- or orange-brown, grooved towards the base, with a pale, sometimes interrupted central band, and encircled throughout by rows of small chestnut spots — often obsolete ; spire sometimes maculated with pale chestnut. Length, 1-1*75 inches. Went Indies. C. pastinaca, Kiener (not Lamarck \ and C. Reevei, Kiener (fig. 71), are synonyms. Var. ARCHETYPUS, Crosse. PI. 14, fig. 72. Spire obsoletely tnberculate, body-whorl irregularly banded in the middle and at the shoulder with yellowish pink, surface otherwise fulvous with rows of small revolving dots; aperture orange-red within. Length, 25 mill. Habitat unknown. Sowerby and Weinkauff have made this a variety of C. daucus, but I am not at all satisfied of this. C. NARCISSUS, Lam. PL 14, fig. 73. Shell with rounded shoulder and somewhat convex sides and spire, grooved towards the base; yellowish or orange-brown, sparsely maculated with white, and with an irregular white band below the middle ; spire white, maculated with yellowish brown. Length, 1'85 inches. Tr<>-£ Indie?. A doubtful species, and scarcely a member of this group, having more the form of C. Men#. C. oculatus, Gmelin, is a somewhat similarly formed shell, yellowish, with white eyes scattered over the surface. It has not been identified, and is possibly an artificially ornamented shell. C. LITHOGLYPHUS, Mcuschcn. PL 14, figs. 74, 75. Spire plane-conical, rather low, body-whorl distantly striate, the striffi tuberculate towards the base ; d.-irk chestnut, encircled CONUS. 49 at the shoulder and in the middle by white oblique blotches, forming interrupted bands, often dark-stained at the base. Length, 1-5-2 inches. Ceylon, Philippines, New Caledonia,. C. lacinulatus, Kiener (fig. 75), is a synonym. C. ATTENUATUS, Reeve. PI. 14, fig. 76. Shell slenderly turbinated, attenuated towards the base, smooth; yellow or light orange-brown, longitudinally orna- mented with a very few broad, waved white stripes ; spire depressed, sharp-angled, tessellated with light orange-brown, apex raised, very sharp-pointed. Length, '75 inch. Habitat unknown. C. SEYCHELLENSIS, G. and H. Nevill. Shell like C. lithoglyphus, but constricted in the middle of the body-whorl, more attenuated at the base, with the whorls of the spire more convex ; color uniform bright orange, here and there of a lighter shade, faintly stained with light brown at the extreme base. Length 39 mill., diam. 19 mill. Seychelles Inlands. Not figured. The above is a copy of the original description. C. SUTORIANUS, Weinkauff. PL 14, fig. 77. Shell coronate, sulcate at the base ; orange-brown with a faint light central band ; aperture rosaceous ; lower whorls of the spire maculated. Length, 18 mill. Mauritius. C. PULCHELLUS, Swainson. PL 14, figs. 78-80. Shell smooth, rather thin, spire low-conical, writh revolving striae; usually maculated with chestnut; body-whorl striate below; yellowish or light chestnut, with large white blotches forming a band at the shoulder and another on the middle, encircled by narrow chestnut lines, which are often broken up into small dots ; base and aperture usually violaceous. Length, 1*75-2 inches. Ceylon, Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia. In C. cinctus, Swains, (fig. 79), the narrow chestnut lines are continuous, the white blotches and interior of aperture are more or less suffused with rose-color. C. connectens, A. Ad. (fig. 80), is similar. 4 50 CONUS. C. PLANORBIS, Born. PI. 14, fig. 81. Whorls of spire striate, maculate with chestnut ; body-whorl with beaded striae below, orange-brown or chestnut, frequently light-banded in the middle, and sometimes at the shoulder also, base darker-colored. Length, 1-25-2 inches. Mauritius, Ceylon, New Caledonia, Philippines, Polynesia. This species is called C. senator, Linn., by Reeve and others, but the description in the Systema Naturae shows that the iden- tification is wrong. Hanley was not able to identify C. senator in the Linnean collection. Sometimes the granular striae cover the entire surface. C. CIRCUMSIGNATUS, Crosso. PI. 14, fig. 82. Shell covered with orange-brown upon the body-whorl except at the shoulder, base and centre, where occur irregular bands or blotches of white, with narrow articulated lines of chestnut and white, sparingly maculated with orange-brown. Length, 30 mill. Habitat unknown. Dr. Weinkauff makes this — the granular variety of C. planorbis; he has evidently mistaken the articulations for •granulations. C. CHENUI, Crosse. PL 14, figs. 83, 84. Shell thin, with depressed carinate and striate spire, which is yellowish, maculated with brown ; body-whorl striated below, yellowish, with two series of longitudinal forked and irregular dark brown markings, interrupted in the middle and at the base; there are traces of distant narrow brown revolving lines ; aperture white. Length, 2 inches. New Caledonia. In the Journal de Conchyliologie, 1874, Crosse says that this species is very close to some varieties of C. planorbis, but its system of coloration is more elegant. C. Loebbeckeanus, Weink. (fig. 84), appears to me to be only a slight color-variation. Finally, C. Chenui is closely related to varieties of the next species. C. LINEATUS (Chemn.), Auct. PI. 14, fig. 85. Shell orange-brown to dark chestnut, finely narrowly lineated with a darker color, with white blotches arranged in upper, middle CONUS. 51 and basal bands ; spire striated and maculated ; base of shell striated, the strise sometimes granular. Length, l'75-2*25 inches. Red Sea, East Africa, Ceylon, Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia. C. VITULTNUS, Hwass. PL 14, figs. 86, 87 ; PL 15, fig. 88. Orange-brown to chocolate, with white longitudinal macula- tions disposed in bands at the shoulder and below the middle ; lower part of body-whorl with granular strise; spire striate and maculate. Length, 1*5-2 inches. Ceylon to Philippines and Polynesia. Is probably only a variety of the preceding species, from which it is distinguished by the more longitudinal form of the white blotches, and the absence of the close revolving color-lines. Yar. CARPENTERI, Crosse. PL 15, fig. 88. Chestnut-brown, with continuous yellowish bands at the shoulder and middle ; spire maculated with chestnut and white. Length, 46 mill. New Guinea. C. AUGUR, Hwass. PL 15, fig. 89. Shell creamy white, encircled by close rows of very small chestnut dots, with two bands of irregular brown markings, one above, the other below the middle of the body-whorl ; spire maculated with brown. Length, 1 '75-2*25 inches. Ceylon. C. LIGNARIUS, Reeve. PL 15, figs. 90-93. Pale brown, with fine close lines of chestnut-brown, and one or two paler bands; shoulder somewhat obtuse ; spire concavely elevated, with acute apex, uniform pale brown. Length, 2 inches. Philippines. Var. FURVUS, Reeve. PL 15, figs. 91, 92. Revolving lines broken up into minute dots, form somewhat narrower, some of the spire-whorls finely beaded. Scarcely a variety. C. Cecilei, Kiener (fig. 92), is identical.. Yar. FASCIATUS, Kiener. PL 15, fig. 93. Lines of dots more distant, whitish, with irregular light brown bands above and below the middle, base brown-tinted. Length, 2 inches. 52 CONU8. C. MULTILINEATUS, Sowb. PI. 15, fig. 94, Shell turbinated, wide-shouldered ; reddish chestnut, light- banded in the middle, with numerous lines of close-set chestnut dots; spire concavely elevated, tuberculate. Length. 40 mill. Habitat unknown. Closely allied to C. lignarius, but differs in its wider form, and tuberculated spire. Described from a single specimen. C. KOBELTII, Lobbecke. PL 15, fig. 95. Shell smooth, spire and base striate ; yellowish brown, with a lighter median band. Length, 42 mill. Habitat unknown. Perhaps only a variety of C. lignarius. Section XI. MAGI. Pionoconus and Phasmoconus, Morch. C. CONSORS, Sowb. PI. 15, figs. 96-100. Spire depressed conical, with shallow channel, and revolving striae, sometimes tessellated with chestnut ; body-whorl rather narrow, somewhat convex, grooved towards the base, somewhat round-shouldered, rather thin; white, yellowish and orange- brown, variously clouded and indistinctly banded ; aperture white. Length, 2-3 inches. Moluccas, Philippines, New Caledonia. C. carinatuSj Swainson (fig. 97), is placed here by Dr. Wein- kauff, and I agree with him, although Mr. E. A. Smith (Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 535) makes it a synonym of G. magus. C. anceps (fig. 98), and G. innexits, A. Ad., as well as C. Daullei, Crosse (tig. 99), are synonyms. C. ustulatus, Reeve (fig. 100), is considered by Mr. E. A. Smith a synonym of G. magus, but 1 think it more closely allied to C. conso?*s. C. FULVOCINCTUS, Crosse. PI. 15, fig. 1. Shell with slight revolving grooves, obsolete above ; yellowish white, with a broad superior band of orange-brown; epidermis tliin. Length, 3 inches. W. Coast of Afr iru. C. CONSAXGUINKUS, E. A. Smith. PL 15, fig. 2. Shell smooth, spire and base grooved ; yellowish white, banded CONUS. 53 with yellowish brown in the middle, with one or two interrupted inferior and narrower bands below, apex pink-tinted. Epidermis thick. Length, 3'5 inches. Habitat unknown. Closely allied to C. fuluocinctus, but not so much attenuated at the base, spire less elevated, epidermis thicker, more banded. C. MAGUS, Linn. PI. 15, figs. 3-10 ; PL 16, figs. 11-14. Spire moderate, striate, body-whorl long and rather cylin- drical, closely striate below; white, clouded with bluish ash, orange-brown, chestnut or chocolate, everywhere encircled by narrow chocolate interrupted lines, often separated into some- what distant dots, middle of body-whorl usually irregularly fasciate with white ; spire tessellated with chestnut or chocolate. Length, 2-3 inches. Madagascar, Borneo, Australia, N. Caledonia, Philippines, etc. This beautiful and common species is very variable in pattern and shade of coloring and embraces a large synonymy. 1 place here C. raphanus, Hvvass (fig. 4), C. consul, Boivin (fig. 5), C. Indicus, C. Circae, C. fenellus, and G. clandestinus, of Chemnitz, G. striolatus, Kiener (fig. 6), G. Borneensis, Sowb., not Ad. and Reeve (fig. 7), and G. assimilis, A. Ad. (fig. 8). Var. FRAUENFELDI, Crosse. PI. 15, fig. 9. Yellowish or cream-color, with a few irregular longitudinal chestnut or chocolate markings ; spire sparsely maculated. Madagascar. Var. ROLLANDI, Bernardi. PI. 16, fig. 11. Surface covered by equidistant stride, more prominent at the base ; white with irregular longitudinal cloudings of chestnut. Var. METOALFET, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 10. Shell encircled with granular stride, spotted with orange-brown ; there are irregular cloudings of orange-brown, and a central white band. Var. EPISTOMIUM, Reeve. PI. 16, figs. 12-14. Shell rather narrow, thin ; white, irregularly clouded with orange-brown, forming an irregular central white band; shoulder sharply carinated, spire maculated ; btise grooved or striate. 54 CON us. This variety closely connects C. magus with C. consors. C. Tasmania, Sowb. (fig. 13), is a somewhat more highly colored specimen of this variety, and C. epistomoides, Weink. (fig. 14), differs but little. C. PERTUSUS, Hwass. PI. 16, figs. 15-17. Spire convex, rather obtuse, body-whorl encircled by distant punctate striae ; rosy tinged with yellow and interruptedly banded with white blotches below the shoulder and in the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 2 inches. Madagascar, Mauritius, Philippines, Ins. Annaa, etc. C.festivus, Chemn. (fig. 16), = am,abilis, Lam., is synonymous. C. inquinatus, Reeve (fig. 17), appears to be merely a darker colored specimen, chocolate-brown instead of roseate. C. SIMPLEX, Sowb. PI. 16, fig. 18. Shell oblong, turbinated, rather thin; white, with longitudinal irregular chestnut streaks. Length, 2 inches. West and South Africa. The spire is more elevated, the body-whorl more cylindrical, the color-markings more continuous than in C. spectrum — yet it may be a variety of that species. C. informis, Dillw., is a synonym. C. rudis, Chemn., is scarcely determinable from the original figures, and neither Sowerby nor Reeve has attempted to identify it. Dr. Weinkauff, however, adopts it as a species, and refers to it, G. informis, Dillw., C. elongatus, Sowb., Thes. (part), f. 241, and C. inquinatus, Reeve— all of which differ utterly in form from the Chemnitzian figures. C. SINDON, Reeve. PL 16, fig. 19. Shell somewhat ventricosely turbinated, nearly smooth ; white, very thickly decussated with exceedingly fine reddish brown lines in such a manner as to form two broad transverse bands ; spire rather obtusely convex, apex rose-tinted. Length, 1*25 inches. Habitat unknown. I am not acquainted with this species, of which only a single individual is known ; it was described from the cabinet of Mr. Adamson, of Newcastle, England, and Dr. Weinkauff, apparently CONUS. 55 mistaking that gentleman's name for Adanson, has supplied the locality of West Africa. C. MISER, Boivin. PI. 16, fig. 20. Shell with convex body-whorl and flattened, striate spire ; yel- lowish, without maculations, aperture white, dilated in front. Length, 27 mill. Cape Verd Is. C. MERCATOR, Linn. PL 16, figs. 21-23. Shell yellowish or ash-gra}7, often faintly longitudinally lined with chestnut, with a broad band at the shoulder and a narrower one at the middle, of white closely reticulated with chestnut. Length, 1-1*25 inches. West Indies, West Africa. Var. DESIDIOSUS, A. Ad. PI. 16, fig. 23. Shell chocolate-brown, the bands of reticulations narrower, spire more elevated. W. Africa. C. CUNEOLUS, Reeve. PL 16, figs. 24, 25. Shell shortly turbinated, wide at the shoulder, somewhat inflated ; chestnut- or chocolate-brown, with small white macula- tions, forming an obscure band at the shoulder, and another below the middle, as well as somewhat scattered over the rest of the surface, including the convex spire. Length, 1*25 inches. West Africa. C. balteus, Mawe, is a synonym. C. NATALIS, Sowb. PL 16, figs. 26, 27. Shell oblong, thin, smooth, angulated at the shoulder, sulcate below ; roseate, minutely angularly lineate with brown, and bifasciate with large maculations, spire maculate. Length, 1 inch. Natal. Weinkauff makes this a variety of C. mercator, but it appears to differ considerably in coloration. Sowerby's smaller figure (fig. 27) is supposed to represent a young shell of this species. C. OLIVACEUS, Kiener. PL 16, figs. 28-31. Shell somewhat top-shaped, with rounded shoulder, sulcate towards the base ; obscurely marbled with yellowish olive and Ob CON US. white, with several darker olivaceous bands ; aperture chocolate with two or more narrow white bands. Length, 1'25 inches. West Africa. G. Taslei, Kiener (fig. 29), and C. luridus, A. Ad., are 33010- nyms ; the latter is unfigured. Yar. IRREGULARIS, Sowb. PL 16, figs. 30, 31. Shell bluish ash, tinged with chestnut at the extremities, with two white lines, one at the shoulder, the other near the middle, overlaid, when perfectly developed, with white zigzag markings. C. INFRENATUS, Reeve. PL 16, figs. 32, 33. Shell rosy white, encircled by articulated lines of chestnut and white spots; apex pink. Length, 1 inch. South Africa. C. ROSACEUS (Chemn.), Auct. PL It, figs. 34-39. Shell yellow rosy, sometimes indistinctly brown-dotted in revolving lines, middle usually light-banded, the band maculated with chestnut, spire also maculated ; surface finely striated throughout. Length, 1-75 inches. South Africa. This species is the G. aurora of Lamarck, C. Broderipi, Kiener, not Reeve, and G. roseo-tinctus, Sowb (fig. 36). Var. TINIANUS, Reeve (not Hwass). PL 11, figs. 37, 38. Shell thin, striated towards the base ; reddish chestnut clouded with gray, and irregularly ornamented with indistinct fillets of articulated white and chestnut ; spire obtusely convex, apex rose-tinted. C. Loveni, Krauss (fig. 38), is essentially similar. Yar. SIGNIFER. Crosse. PL 17, fig. 39. Shell finely striated, faintly articulated with chestnut and white in revolving lines upon a brown-violet surface ; there are a few white maculations on the spire, and the upper and lower extremities and middle of the body-whorl. Length, 39 mill. Hab. unknown (Cuming coll.). C. LAMARCKI, Kiener. PL 17, figs. 40-42. Shell somewhat inflated, smooth, seriate at the base ; orange- CONUS. 57 brown, maculated with white, forming two irregular bands, besides scattered spots. Length, 1/6 inches. South Africa-. — Distinguished from the typical C. rosa,ceus by its more bulbous form, partial absence of striae and the pattern of painting; yet connecting pretty closely with that form through some of its varieties. C. inflatus (fig. 41) and C. citrinus (fig. 42), both of Kiener, are varieties. C. BRODERIPII, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 43. Shell rather thin, a little inflated, encircled by grooves more distinct towards the base, and veiy finely pricked ; veiy pale flesh}- white, ornamented between the grooves with blotches of light orange-brown; spire grooved, apex pointed; aperture rosy. Length, 28 mill. Moluccas. I am not acquainted with this species. C. SPECTRUM, Linn. PL 17, figs. 44-49, 51. Shell cylindrically turbinated, thin, somewhat inflated, lower part of body-whorl with distant revolving grooves ; white, variously painted with chestnut longitudinal irregular streaks, usually forming three broad series or bands. Length, 1/5-2 inches. Mauritius, Java, Moluccas, etc. C.pica, Ad. and Reeve (figs. 46, 47), and C. subulatus, Sowb., not Kiener (fig. 48), are synonyms. C. collisus, Reeve (fig. 45), is a slight variety. Var. LICTOR, Boivin. PL 17, fig. 49. Whole surface distantly encircled by granular striae. Yar. LACTEUS, Lam. PL 17, fig. 51. Shell pure white, distantty grooved throughout. More inflated than C. parius, Reeve, which it otherwise closely resembles. C. DOLIUM, Boivin. PL 17, fig. 50. Shell more inflated than G. spectrum; irregularly clouded with yellowish brown and white. Length, 36 mill. Hab. unknown. C. ANDAMANENSIS, E. A. Smith. PL 17, fig. 52. Yellowish white, irregularly marked with small brown spots 58 CONUS. and lines, covered by a thin, smooth epidermis ; base grooved ; spire striate, with radiating brown lines ; aperture white. Length, 22-31 mill. Andaman Islands. C. CONSPERSUS, Reeve. PL It, figs. 53, 54; PL 18, figs. 55, 56; PL 21, fig. 7. Shell turbinated, slightly inflated, smooth, grooved towards the base ; pale yellowish or salmon-color, sprinkled with irreg- ular orange-brown spots and longitudinal blotches, sometimes with two obsolete lighter bands ; everywhere encircled with very fine, close hair-like lines ; spire convex, tessellated with orange- brown ; aperture flesh-color. Length, 1*25— 1*9 inches. Moluccas. This species is scarcely distinguishable from C. spectrum. C. Verreauxii, Kiener (fig. 54), C. stillatus, Reeve (fig. 55), and possibly C. inflatus, Sowb. (PL 27, fig. 7), are syno^^ms. The latter does not much resemble this species, and remains uniden- tified, but Sowerby has himself suggested its place here. Yar. DAPHNE, Boivin. PL 18, fig. 56. Shell orange-color or orange-brown, including the aperture, without markings, except variations of shading. C. CINEREUS, Hwass. PL 18, figs. 57-61. Cylindrically ovate, with moderate, smooth spire, body-whorl encircled below by distant grooves ; clouded with olivaceous, ashy blue and chestnut-brown, with revolving lines articulated of chestnut and white spots ; aperture brown-stained. Length, 1-75 inches. Philippines, Australia. C. zebra, Lam. (not of Reeve or Sowb.), and C. Gabrieli, Kiener (fig. 58), are synonyms. Yar. STRATURATUS, Sowb. PL 18, fig. 59. With interrupted longitudinal chestnut markings forming bands upon an ash-blue ground. Borneo. Yar. BERNARDII, Kiener. PL 18, fig. 60. Fulvous chestnut, with a few scattered white spots and chestnut revolving lines. CONUS. 59 Var. POLITUS, Weinkauff. PI. 18. fig. 61. Yellowish brown, with revolving lines of chestnut and white- articulations, and three distant, narrow white bands marked with chestnut. Length, 39 mill. Habitat unknown. C. TRIBUNUS, Crosse. PL 20, fig. 20. Shell smooth, grooved below; orange -brown, indistinctly light-banded in the middle, longitudinally strigate with choco- late ; aperture light violaceous. Length, 30 mill. Coast of California (Crosse). The locality given for this species needs confirmation. C. ALBOSPIRA, E. A. Smith. PI. 18, fig. 62. Spire concavely elevated, lirate, white, with flesh-colored apex; body-whorl angulate above, striate, the striae becoming stronger and subgranular below; white with longitudinal olive stripes forming three bands by their somewhat regular interruption ; aperture lilac-white. Length, 27*5 mill. Habitat unknown. Mr. Smith compares this to C. siraturatus, Sowb. (= cinereuK, Hwass , but I think it is more nearly related to C. rosaceus, Chemn., and that it maj' prove to be a very light -colored variety of that species. C. NISUS (Chemn.), Auct. PL 18, figs. 63-68. Shell somewhat swollen, distantly sulcate below, otherwise smooth ; white, encircled bj- chestnut spots, clouds, and oblique and triangular markings ; spire maculated. Length, 1-1 '5 inches. Philippines, Moluccas. With this species may be united C. zebra, Sowb. (fig. 65 \ C. Blanfordianus, Crosse (fig. 66), C. alveolus, Sowb. (fig. 64), C. stigmaticus, A. Ad. (fig. 67), C.'stramineus. Lam., and C. cocceun, Kiener (fig. 68). C. SUBMARGINATUS, Sowb. PL 18, figs. 69, 70. Shell narrow, with raised carinate spire, body-whorl attenuate and closely sulcate in front ; yellowish white, aperture rosy. Length, -85 inch. Habitat unknown. 60 CONUS. An obscure species. C. suturatus, Kiener,not Reeve (fig. TO), appears to be identical. C. RADIATUS, Gmelin. PI. 18, figs. 71-73. Shell pale j-ellowish to pale chestnut, often longitudinally indistinctly marked with deeper coloring; spire striate, lower part of bod}^whorl distantly sulcate. Length, l'5-2'25 inches. Philippines, Polynesia. Reeve described and figured this species under the name of C. Martinianus; he has also called a smaller white variety C. parius (fig. 72); the specimens before me prove' its specific identity with radial us. The white variety is frequently covered by a smooth olivaceous epidermis ; in which state it is C. Gubbse, Kiener (fig. 73). C. CONTUSUS, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 74. Shell somewhat cylindrically ovate, rather thin, smooth, with three or four distant grooves at the base, spire finely double- grooved, rude at the sutures, apex very sharp ; ochraceous, stained with ash-blue. Length, 1'25 inches. Moluccas. Whether this species will be found to reveal any design in the coloring, it is impossible to foresee from the single worn specimen. C. OCHROLEUCUS, Gmelin. PL 18, fig. 75. Shell long and narrow, distantly grooved towards the base ; yellowish brown, variously shaded, with a rather indistinct median lighter band ; aperture white ; spire striate, maculated with yellowish brown and white. Length, 2-2'5 inches. Australia, New Caledonia, Viti Islands. C. IODOSTOMA, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 76. Shell thin, narrow, somewhat inflated; spire finely grooved, apex sharp ; body-whorl striate towards the base ; violet-white, clouded with chestnut, with revolving lines of chestnut spots. Length, 40 mill. Philippines. C. LIENARDT, Crosse and Bernard!. PL 18, fig. 77 ; PL 19, figs. 78, 79. Spire raised, carinated, slightly striate; bod3'-whorl distantly CONUS. 61 grooved below ; yellowish brown, variously longitudinally covered with zigzag chestnut or chocolate markings ; sometimes almost or quite covered with chocolate. Length, 1'75 inches. New Caledonia. Distinguished by its sharp shoulder and coloration. C. MACEI, Crosse. PL 19, fig. 80. Shell rather thin, smooth under a thin epidermis ; whitish, with chestnut longitudinal flames ; base of body-whorl finely sulcate ; aperture pale violaceous. Length, 38 mill. Vizagapatam (Madras), India. C. TIMORENSIS, Hwass. PI. 19, fig. 81. Shell smooth, striate towards the base; rosy white, with orange-rose clouds and distant revolving series of spots. Length, 1'5 inches. Timor, Flores, etc. C. JANUS, Hwass. PL 19, fig. 82. Spire concavely elevated, striate; body-whorl narrow, with rounded shoulder, aiklt distantly sulcate below; whitish or yellowish, indistinctly three-banded by yellowish brown or chestnut longitudinal markings ; spire maculated. Length, 2-2*5 inches. Cochin China, Philippines. C. JICKELTT, Weinkauff. PL 19, fig. 83. Shell white, with chocolate, irregular, longitudinal markings, and quadrangular spots in revolving series. Length. 2 inches. Red Sea. Very closely allied to the preceding species, of which it may be only a variety. C. INSCRTPTUS, Reeve. PL 19, figs. 84, 85. Shell rather solid, smooth, grooved towards the base; ash- white, with dark chestnut hieroglyphic characters, interrupted by revolving series of spots in the middle and at the base. Length, 1*4 inches. Red Sea, Seychelles. C. Keatii, Sowb. (fig. 85), varies slightly in the disposition of the color-markings. The species has a sharper shoulder than C. Janus, but is too closely allied to that species. 62 CONUS. C. ERYTHR^ENSIS, Beck. PL 1 9, figs. 86-89. Shell small, smooth, striate below; 3^ellowish white, with revolving rows of quadrangular chestnut spots, sometimes partly clouded over, so as to form bands of chestnut clouds ; spire maculate. Length, -8-1-2 inches. Eed Sea. C. induratus, Reeve (fig. 86), a 37oung shell, C. piperatus, Reeve (fig. 87), C. quadrato-mac ulatus, Sowb. (fig. 88), and C. concinnus, Sowb., Jr. (fig. 89), not Sowb., Sen. or Brod., == C. sapphirostoma, Weinkauff,are all synonyms ; besides several unfigured and less known species. C. PUNCTICULATUS, Hwass. PL 19, figs. 90-96. Shell rather broad-shouldered and somewhat swollen above, slightly contracted and grooved towards the base ; whitish, encircled by numerous lines of close, small chestnut spots, and often clouded longitudinally with light violaceous or chestnut, forming three obscure bands ; aperture white or violaceous. Length, 1-1-25 inches. West Columbia, northwards to Cerros 7x7., L. California, West Indies. A wider shell, with smaller, much more numerous spots than C. Erytlirseensis. C. perplexas, Sowb. (fig. 91), C. piistulatus, Kiener (fig. 92), and C. papiUosus, Kiener (fig. 93), are synonyms; the latter two are pustulate on the revolving lines. The West Indian C. pygmaeus, Reeve, = C. pusio, Sowb. (fig. 94), = C. Ihiuali, Bern (fig. 95), presents no distinctive features. C. Hanleyi, Sowb. (fig. 96), said to inhabit the Medi- terranean Sea (?), is very similar. C. COLUMBA, Hwass. PL 19, figs. 97, 98. Shell white, under a very thin light brown epidermis; shoulder angulated ; body-whorl deeply distantly grooved towards the base ; sometimes there are a few longitudinal brown mnrkings above the grooves. Length, '75-' 9 inch. West Indies. C. ANGAST, Tryon. PL 19, fig. 99. Shell rosy or yellowish white, ornamented witli rows of small distant square or elongated irregular brownish yellow spots, those in the centre larger and more varied in shape, forming a sort of CONUS. 63 band ; sculptured all over with rows of minute, close-set, oblong punctures, more numerous and distinct towards the base, which is encircled by a number of narrow elevated ridges ; spire striate: — Length, 20 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. Described by Angas as C. Mrtcalfei, a name preoccupied by Reeve. C. INTERRUPTUS, Brod. PL 27, fig. 8 ; PL 19, figs. 100-2 ; PL 20, figs. 3-5, 21. Shell long and narrow, with smooth elevated spire, body-whorl striate towards the base, the stride sometimes minutely granular; whitish, largely covered by longitudinal chocolate clouds, encir- cled by numerous lines of minute chestnut spots; spire nearly covered by chestnut or chocolate flam mules. Length, l'5-2'25 inches. West Coast of Central America to Mazatlan, Cape Si. Lucas. Occasional!}7 the entire body-whorl is covered with impressed or raised striae, the latter smooth or granular. There are a number of synonyms, none of them differing much from the typical shells. These are C. maliogani, Reeve (figs. 1, 2), C. Ximenes, Gray (fig. 100), C. monilifer, Brod-. (fig. 3), C. tor- natus, Brod. (fig. 4), C. Pliilippii, Kiener (fig. 5). C. arcuatus, Brod. and Sowb., although differing much in form, is still possibly an extreme variety of this species ; and I am inclined to refer here also C. catenatus, Sowb. (fig. 21). Section XII. ActfATiNi. i C/ielyconus, Morch. C. CATUS, Hwass. PL 20, figs. 6-10. Shell bulbous, with convex, striate spire ; bod}r -whorl striate, the striae rounded, usually obsolete above, granular below, olive, chestnut-, chocolate- or pink-brown, variously marbled and flecked with white, often faintly white-banded below the middle. Length, 1-25-1-75 inches. Pied Sea, Mauritius, Java, China, New Caledonia, Polynesia. C. equeSj Brug. (fig. 10), is probably a S3^nonym ; the species is only known by the figure of which I give a copy. 64 CONUS. Viir. NIGROPUNCTATUS, Sowb. PI. 20, figs. 8, 9. Shell colored as above and encircled by series of chocolate- colored dots. C. Adansoni, Reeve (fig. 9), is S3Tnonymous. C. ACHATINUS (Chemn.), Auct. PL 20, figs. 11, 12. Shell bulbous, with somewhat elevated, striate spire; body- whorl with rounded, sometimes granular striae below ; marbled with pinkish or purplish white and olivaceous-brown, under a light brown, thin epidermis, everywhere encircled by close-set narroAv brown lines, which are usually broken up into brown and white articulations. Length, 2-3 inches. India, China, Australia, Solomon's Islands. C. SUPERSTRTATUS, Sowb. PL 20, fig. 13. Shell oblong, fuscous, obscurely nebulous, snlcate above and below, smooth in the middle, with a median white band, macu- lated with fuscous; spire depressed, striated, maculated. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. An obscure species, only known through Sowerby's figure and short description. C. MONACHUS, Linn. PL 20, fig. 14. Shell a little inflated, distantly grooved below ; spire striate, somewhat convex ; wrhite, longitudinally marbled and flecked with dull blue or purple. Length, 2 inches. Philippines, New Caledonia. Narrower at the shoulder, thinner, usually without the dotted revolving lines of C. achatinus, although a few such lines are sometimes vaguely apparent. Weinkauff considers C. asximilis, A. Ad., a S3Tnonym of this species. I have referred it to C. magus. C. PURPURASCENS, Brod. PL 20, figs. 15-17 ; PL 27, fig. 9. Shell broad-shouldered, with rude, striate spire ; striate below, and the string sometimes slightly granular ; clouded with white or violaceous and brown or olive, with close lines of chestnut and white minute articulations ; sometimes irregularly white-banded in the middle. Length, 2--3 inches. Panama to Mazatlan. Weinkauff makes C. neglect us, A. Ad. (fig. 10), the juvenile of ' A UNIVERSITY) CONUS. V &, + .65 this species. C. Luzonicus, Sowb., not Hwass^ftg, 16a), and C. comptus, Gould (PL 27, fig. 9), are synonyms. Yar. REGALITATUS, Sowb. PL 20, fig. 17. Shell more completely covered with dark color, so as to obscure the articulated lines ; but little of the lighter markings is visible beyond an interrupted central band. C. TESTUDINARIUS (Mart.), Auct. PL 20, fig. 18. Whitish, more or less stained with blue or purple, and clouded with chocolate, irregularly white-banded in the middle ; spire and base striate. Length, 2*5-3*5 inches. West Indies, Cape Verd Is., West Coast of Africa. Allied to C.parpurascens, but not so broadly shouldered, with higher spire. C. aspersus, Sowb., and C. Portoricanus, Hwass, are synonyms. C. FULMEN, Reeve. PL 20, fig. 19. Shell somewhat elongately ovate, smooth, slightly grooved towards the base ; pale rose-purple, white round the middle ; longitudinally marked with two or three very prominent, broad, waved, purple-brown streaks ; spire obtusely convex, variegated with purple-brown, apex rose-tinted. Length, 2-3 inches. China, Japan, Philippines. Narrower, with higher spire, than the allied species. C. modestus, Sowb., is supposed bjr Sowerb}^ (Thes. Conch., Index) to be a young shell of this species. C. HY^NA, Hwass. PL 20, fig. 22. Shell turbinate, rather angulate at the shoulder ; spire and base striate ; pinkish or violaceous white, with broad, chestnut, longitudinal flames. Length, 1*75 inches. West Africa,. C. GTJINAICUS, Hwass. PI. 20, figs. 23, 24. Shell inflated, rather thin, spire and lower portion of body- whorl striate ; chestnut or olivaceous, with usually two bands of irregular white cloudings, and scattered white spots; aperture chocolate-color, faintly white-banded in the middle. I Length, 2 inches. West Coast of Africa. tt is a more bulbous species, with shorter spire, than C. Medi- ' 66 CON us. terraneus, but very close in coloring, and may be only a rather distant variety of that species. C. MEDITERRANEUS, Hwass. PI. 20, fig. 26 ; PL 21, figs. 25-31. Shell yellowish brown, pink-brown or olivaceous ; sometimes chocolate-brown, very closely nebulously spotted and reticulated ; and sometimes interrupted-lined with chestnut, with a narrow, light band below the middle ; spire elevated, rudely gradate, maculated; interior light chocolate, with a light band. Length, 1-5-2-25 inches. Mediterranean, Portugal, West Africa. C. hybridus, Kiener, C. Franciscanus, Hwass (fig. 26), a dark- colored variety, and numerous other names have been applied to varieties of this species, recent and fossil. Var. ADANSONI, Lam. PL 21, fig. 21-29. Shell more cylindrical. West Africa. C. Jamaicensis, Sowb. (fig. 28), and C. Bruguieri, Kiener (fig. 27), are synonyms. C. Tamsianus, Dunker (fig. 29), appears to be a younger shell. Yar. CCERULESCENS (Chemn.), Auct. PL 21, figs. 30, 31. Shell more conical, with broader shoulder and shorter spire. West Africa. C. aemulus, Reeve (fig. 31), is a synonym. C. ALTISPIRATUS, Sowb. PL 21, fig. 32. Shell fusiform, with much elevated spire, and narrow body- whorl, sulcate below ; white, apex pink-tinted. Length, 1*5 inches. Agulhas Bank, So. Africa. C. CASTUS, Reeve. PL 21, fig. 33. Shell turbinated, a little inflated, smooth ; yellow, encircled by a few faint, very finely black-dotted lines, at irregular distances ; spire smooth, apex rose-tinted. Length, -75 inch. Red Sea (Sowerby). A doubtful species. C. MADURENSIS, Hwass. PL 21, fig. 34. Shell yellowish or chestnut-brown, with an irregular light band CONUS. 67 on the middle, and another above it, which are bordered with chestnut markings ; spire maculated. Length, *9 inch. Java. C. BORBONICUS, H. Adams. PL 21, fig. 35. Shell narrow, smooth, with elevated spire, slightly nodulous ; body-whorl striated below ; yellowish rose, with a central white band and numerous interrupted chestnut lines. Length, 12 mill. Isle of Bourbon. Undoubtedly an immature shell. C. CORALLINUS, Kieuer. PI. 21, figs. 36, 37. Shell narrow, with elevated spire ; yellowish, with a central white band Bordered with chestnut spots, spire maculated with chestnut. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. • C. insequalis, Reeve (fig. 37), has a somewhat wider shoulder^ but is otherwise so closely allied that I think Dr. Weinkauff is right in considering it a variety only. C. DILECTUS, Gould. PI. 21, fig. 38. Shell acutely conical ; spire concavely elevated, carinated and striated ; color dingy white, everywhere covered with minute reticulations of pale rusty lines, with a series behind the middle and another at the anterior third of the last whorl, of several large lunate or triangular white spots, alternating with dark fer- ruginous spots ; and there is the same alternation on the shoulder of the last whorl ; around its anterior portion are six or eight grooves ; interior flesh-colored. Length, 12 mill. Fiji Islands. C. NITIDUS, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 39. Yellowish, apex pink, bod}r-whorl with an irregular central white band, and narrow chestnut lines, often broken up into spots. Length, *75 inch. Philippines. C. APLUSTRE, Reeve. PI. 21, figs. 40, 41. Shell rather stoutly turbinated, smooth, thin, somewhat inflated, striate towards the base ; 3^ellowish white, with irregular yellowish brown or ash faint bands, and lines of white and chestnut artic- ulations ; spire depressed, apex pointed. Length, 1*25-1 *4 inches. Cape Good Hope (Sowerby), Australia (Brazier), New Zealand (Hutton). 68 CONUS. C. Zealandicus , Hutton, and (7. multicatenatus, Sowb. (fig. 41), are synonyms — the latter more richly colored than typical examples. C. PICTUS, Reeve. PI. 21, figs. 42-44. Chestnut-colored, with two or three pink bands, and a few narrow lines, ornamented with reddish or chestnut spots ; spire maculated. Length, '75-1-4 inches. South and East Africa. C.jaspideus, Kiener, not Gmelin = C. Danieli, Crosse (fig. 43), and C. stimulus, Reeve (fig. 44), are synonyms. C. PAUPERCULUS, Sowb. PL 21, fig. 45. . Shell narrow, thin, olivaceous, with a flesh-colored central band, and numerous revolving series of small chestnut spots. Length, 1 inch. South Africa; Japan (Danker). C. LAUTUS, Reeve. PL 21, fig. 46. Shell yellowish, the spire, a central band, and base marked longitudinally with chestnut, rest of body-whorl with revolving lines of chestnut spots. Length, 1-5 inches. Cape of Good Hope. May be a variety of the preceding species. C. ELONGATUS (Chemn.), Auct. PL 21, fig. 47. Shell yellowish brown, longitudinally streaked with chestnut or chocolate, light-banded in the middle, and occasionally with several lines of chocolate spots ; spire maculated. Length, 2 inches. South Africa, Mozambique. C. Mozambicensis, Hwass, is a synonym. C. GAFFER, Krauss. PL 21, figs. 48-51. Shell narrow, with convex spire, rosy or dark brown, with a light central band, the lighter-colored varieties with revolving lines of brown spots. Length, 1—1-5 inches. Cape of Good Hope. Much resembles C. pictus, Reeve, and may be a variety of that species, but is narrower, with more convex spire ; the lighter- colored shells are painted very like C. pictus. C. gilvus, Reeve (fig. 50), and probably C. sector, Crosse (fig. 51), are synonyms. CONUS. 69 C. ROSSITERI, Brazier. Shell turbinated, thin, shining, transversely finely striated under the lens, longitudinally blotched with chestnut-brown, white and light blue ; spire slightly convex, apex pointed ; whorls seven to eight, upper edge of basal whorl splashed with white arrow- shaped spots, alternating with dark square chestnut spots ; very finely striated between the sutures, a dark interrupted chestnut band across the centre of the shell, below the band faint whitish spots ; base ridged, tipped with white, with a dark red band above the white ; lip thin, slightly flexuous, edged with brown ; interior of aperture white and brown. Length, *66 inch. Botany Bay, N. S. Wales. The above is the full description of this unfigured species ; it is probably an immature shell. I have not seen it. C. ALGOENSIS, Sowb. PI. '22, fig. 52. Shell thin, smooth, chestnut-brown, with one or two bands of longitudinal white markings ; spire articulated with white and brown. Length, 1 inch. Algoa Bay, So. Africa. C. FUCATUS, Reeve. PI. 22, fig. 53. Shell conically turbinated, smooth or obsoletely peculiarly indented, ridged at the base ; spire conspicuously striately grooved, intermediate ridges granulated, apex raised, sharp j ash- olive, spire marbled with white. Length, *8 inch. Philippines. C. LACHRYMOSUS, Reeve. PI. 22, fig. 54. Oblong-conical, slightly ventricose, rather thin, smooth, con- tracted and ridged towards the base ; spire striately grooved, sharp at the apex ; fulvous orange, encircled by interrupted lines of darker color, white in the middle and on the upper edge, painted longitudinally with promiscuously waved orange-brown streaks, spire stained and variegated with the same color. Length^ 1/25 inches. Habitat unknown. A doubtful species, described from the Cumingian collection. C. ANEMONE, Lamarck. PI. 22, figs. 55-61. Shell very variable in form, short and robust, with short spire, or longer and more slender, with elevated spire ; spire and body- 70 CONUS. whorl closely encircled throughout with close ridged striae ; white, longitudinally nebulously or reticulately painted with chestnut or chocolate, with an irregular central white band; aperture chocolate-tinged and white-banded in the middle. Length, l'25-2'25 inches. Borneo, Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia. The peculiar ridged striae form the most constant character of this species. The synonyms are rather numerous, as the form is very inconstant; they include C. maculatus, Sowb. (fig. 56), a short, broad shell, possibly 0. ardisiacus, Kiener, C. Novse- Hollandise, A. Ad. (fig. 5t), C. Jukesii, Reeve (fig. 58), another short-spired and broad-shouldered form, C. Cabrifi, Bernard! (fig. 59), and C. compressus, Sowb. (fig. 60), an immature shell. C. anemone is related to C. rosaceus, Chemn., in its striae and the usual form of the spire and body-whorl, and it is possible that they are specifically identical, although differing in the pattern of coloring. C. COCCEUS, Reeve. PL 22, figs. 62, 63. Shell turbinated, rather stout towards the upper part, a little rounded, transversely very finely ridged, interstices between the ridges slightly pricked ; white delicately filleted with small irregular pale scarlet spots ; spire obtusely convex. Length, 1*2-1 '5 inches. Australia, Philippines. G. decrepitus, Kiener (fig. 63), appears to be a color- variety, as determined by Reeve, Sowerby and Weinkauff. C. CERINUS, Reeve. PI. 22, fig. 64. Shell somewhat stoutly ovate, rather thick, smooth, base pecu- liarly granosely ridged, spire three-grooved ; white, conspicuously painted with interrupted lineated chestnut blotches, apex pink. Length, 1/15 inches. Philippines. C. YAYSSETIANUS, Crosse. PI. 22, fig. 65. Shell finely coronated ; body-whorl closely striated, chestnut- brown, with white maculations at the middle and ^less distinctly) on the shoulder; aperture chestnut within. Length, 14 mill. New Caledonia. CONUS. 7 1 C. CARNALIS, Sowb. PI. 22, fig. 66, Shell obsoletely striate, slightly ridged towards the base ; light pink, with two broad yellowish brown bands; spire also tinged with yellowish brown. Length, 50 mill. Habitat unknown. €. MELVILLI, Sowb. PI. 22, fig. 67. Shell abbreviately subcylindrical, solid, obtusely angulated, smooth, crenate-sulcate in front ; grayish white, with cinnamon- brown longitudinal clouds, and undulating revolving lines, the interstices with some curved longitudinal lines ; spire obtuse, strigate with brown ; aperture brown-tinted. Length, 20 mill. Key West, Florida (J. C. Melvill). I am not acquainted with this species, of which a single speci- men was obtained at the above locality. SECTION XIII. Gylindrella pars, Hermes pars. C. KIENERI, Reeve. PL 22, figs. 68, 69. Shell somewhat fusiformly turbinated. slightly recurved at the base, transversely grooved throughout, grooves rather distant, pricked ; spire striately grooved ; livid ash-color, variegated in a banded, interrupted style with chestnut, sprinkled towards the base with opaque white flakes, spire conspicuously spotted with chestnut, interior of the aperture livid purple. Length, 1'15 inches. Madagascar (Weinkauff). The synonyms are G. nisus, Kiener, C. roseus, Kiener, and G. latifasciatus, Sowb. (fig. 69). C. SUBULATUS, Kiener. PI. 22, fig. 70. Shell narrow, with concavely elevated spire, carinated at the sutures; body-whorl regularly distantly grooved throughout; white, often with longitudinal chestnut strigations, interrupted so as to form three broad bands. Length, 1'25— 1*75 inches. Philippines. C. PRETIOSUS, G. and H. Nevill. Resembles G. subulatus, from which it can be distinguished by its more pyriform, elegantly produced shape, by its being nearly 72 CONUS. perfectly smooth (on the under side only, on two-thirds of the last whorl, are unusually distant, impressed grooves to be traced, and even these are almost obsolete) ; white, throughout closely dashed with wavy, brown, slightly pinkish splashes ; these mark- ings are somewhat larger and more distinct on the spire, and also form two irregular bands on the body-whorl; apex very sharp, spire much produced, composed of fourteen whorls, acutely angled in the middle, above this angle spirally striated, striae numerous, near the apex very slightly granular ; interior of the aperture a beautiful pink, white near the margin ; epider- mis thin, smoothish, compact. L. 60, diam. 25, L. apert. 48 mill. Andaman Isles. The above is a copy of the original description of this un- figured species, from the single specimen. C. NEPTUNUS, Reeve. PL 22, fig. 71. Shell narrow, with concavely elevated spire and sharp apex, body-whorl distantly grooved towards the base; flesh-color, every- where veined and clouded with reddish chestnut flexuous lines and spots ; aperture rosy white. Length, 1/75 inches. Philippines. C. NEPTUNOIDES, E. A. Smith. PL 22, fig. 72. Shell somewhat wider at the shoulder and spire less striate than in G. Neptunus ; yellowish white, with irregular chestnut lines or large reticulations, forming two ill-defined broad bands ; aperture rosy white. Length, 45 mill. Australia. The pattern of coloring is more open and less completely covers the shell, the markings are narrower and better defined than in G. Neptunus. C. MUCRONATUS, Reeve. PL 22, figs. 73, 74 ; PL 23, fig. 75. Shell acuminately turbinated, attenuated towards the base, with revolving grooves throughout, grooves crossed by revolving striae ; whitish, somewhat clouded with pale brown, spire spotted with brown. Length, 1-1 '25 inches. Philippines. The spire is sometimes obsoletely coronated. G. alabaster, Ads. and Reeve (fig. 74), is a synonym. Reeve figures it and refers to the Moll. Voy, Samarang, but it is not described in that NIVEK£?!TY work, as it was probably ascertained to be a synonym in time to publication. I place here also : prevent publication. I ph Var. ORBITATUS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 75. Bidges flat, the grooves between them pricked and striated ; whitish, variegated with burnt brown; spire acuminated, apex raised and sharp. C. PLANILIRATUS, Sowb. PL 23, fig. 76. Spire maculated with chestnut, spirally striate, minutely can- cellate ; body-whorl distantly grooved, yellowish white, maculated with chestnut spots, forming obscure bands. Length, 22 mill. Habitat unknown. C. AUSTRALIS (Cbemn.), Auct. PI. 23, figs. 77, 78. Shell distantly channeled throughout, the interstices usually plane, sometimes minutely granular; channels narrow, longi- tudinally striated ; spire much elevated, acuminated, striate, sometimes obscurely minutely coronated; yellowish brown, with light chestnut longitudinal short irregular lines, and clouds of the same color forming; three obscure interrupted bands. Length, 2-3'5 inches. Australia, Moluccas. C. laterculus, Sowb. (fig. 78), is a young shell of this species. C. STRIGATUS, Hwass. PI. 23, fig. 79. Shell elongately turbinated, somewhat cylindrical, whitish, encircled throughout with a number of interrupted, close-set, cinnamon-brown stripes, and palely variegated with oblong- blotches of the same color ; spire convexly raised. Length, 1*25 inches. Habitat unknown. A doubtful species, and possibly not the one intended by the original description. C. SULCATUS, Hwass. PI. 23, figs. 79a-81. Shell with revolving grooves crossed by longitudinal striae, the intermediate ridges flat or rounded, smooth ; spire short, cari- nated, striate, sometimes with distant compressed tubercles ; light yellowish brown, or whitish. Length, 2-2*5 inches. China, Singapore. 74 CONUS. Var. UNDULATUS, Sowb. PI. 23, fig. 80. Middle and lower part of body-whorl distantly, narrowly grooved, upper part smooth; spire with compressed tubercles. Var. BOCKT, Sowb. PI. 23, fig. 81. Angle of body-whorl more rounded than in the type, with the tubercles larger and better defined ; upper part of body-whorl nearly smooth, lower half slightly granularly costate. Amboina. C. GRANIFER, Reeve. PL 23, figs. 82, 83. Shell somewhat fusiform, conical, granose throughout, ridged at the base, spire slightly channeled, finely coronated at the edge ; white, tinged with light brown at the base and apex. Length, 1 inch. Philippines. C. EXARATUS, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 84. Shell narrow, grooved throughout ; grooves regular, rather broad, interstices very finely cancellated with striae ; pale bluish purple, ornamented with a very few small, scattered, rusty, white clouded spots ; spire acuminated. Length, '8 inch. Habitat unknown. Dr. Weinkauff suggests that this is an uncoronated variety of the preceding species. C. PULCHER, A. Ad. PL 23, fig. 85. Shell sulcate throughout ; brown, obscurely light-banded in the middle, encircled by lines of brown and white articulations ; spire coronated. Length, *9 inch. New Caledonia. Possibly a young variety of C. sulcatus, Hwass. C. SULCIFERUS, A. Adams. PL 23, fig. 86. Shell oblong, distantly sulcate, the interspaces flat ; uniform dark brown ; spire minutely beaded. Length, *9 inch. New Ireland, New Caledonia. Perhaps a young C. sulcatus, Hwass. C. CANCELLATUS, Lam. PL 23, figs. 87-89. Shell pear-shaped, broad and angulated at the shoulder, con- tracted towards the base ; body-whorl closely sulcate throughout, the sulci striate, intervening ridges rounded ; spire carinate, CONUS. 75 concavely elevated, with acute apex, striate ; whitish, obscurely doubly banded with clouds of light chestnut, and spire macu- lated with the same. Length, 1'4 inches. China, Philippines, Australia, Tahiti? C. praecellens, A. Ad. (fig. 88), is a not fully mature specimen, and C. turriculatus, Sowb. (fig. 89), is still younger. C. ACULEJFORMIS, Reeve. PI. 23, figs. 90-94. Narrow, with elevated spire ; encircled with equidistant punc- tate grooves, and flat interspaces ; white, with light chestnut spots and two interrupted broad bands of chestnut cloudings. Length, 1-1*5 inches. Australia, Philippines, China. C. vimineus, Reeve (fig. 91), C. insculptus, Kiener (fig. 93), C. longurionis, Kiener (fig. 94), and C. gracilis, Sowb. (fig. 92), appear to be very nearly identical ; they can scarcely be classed as varieties. C. D'OBBIGNYI, Audouin. PI. 23, figs. 95, 96. Spire elevated, closely striated, coronated; bod3'-whorl con- tracted below, encircled with punctured channels ; yellowish white, clouded and spotted with light chestnut, and forming three interrupted bands. Length, T5-2-25 inches. China, Japan, Philippines. The synonymy includes C.planicostatus, Sowb., and C. gemmu- latus, Sowb. (fig. 96), the latter a young shell. C. ARMIGER, Crosse. PI. 24, fig. 97. Spire elevated, with compressed tubercles at the sutures ; body- whorl encircled by tuberculated striae ; yellowish white. Length, 1*25 inches. Habitat unknown. Has much the appearance of the foregoing species. It is sup- posed to be a fossil. First described by Kiener as C. crenulatus, a name preoccupied by Deshayes, and therefore altered as above by Mr. H. Crosse. C. ARCUATUS, Brod. and Sowb. PI. 24, fig. 98. Shell broadly and angularly shouldered, spire concavely ele- vated, apex acute, body-whorl somewhat contracted below, with revolving striae, sometimes obsolete above ; white, marbled or 7fi CON US. streaked with chestnut, the coloring usually interrupted by the revolving sculpture so as form revolving series of spots. Length, 1-25-1/75 inches. Mazatlan, West Coast of Mexico. Very probably C. scalaris, Val. (PL 27, fig. 10), is an overgrown specimen of this species, with the spire gradate, and abnormally produced. C. UNDATUS, Kiener. PL 24, figs. 99, 100, 1, 2. Shell strongly spirally striate ; yellowish brown, marbled with chestnut, which is interrupted by the revolving sculpture so as to form many short, close lines of color. Length, 35 mill. Fiji Islands (Sowb.), China. C. subaequalis, Sowb. (fig. 100), a young shell, C. Sowerbyi, Reeve (fig. 1), and C. cingulatus, Reeve, not Lamarck (fig. 2), are synonyms. C. CINGULATUS, Lam. PL 24, figs. 3, 4. Shell with nearly direct sides, body-whorl sulcate below ; 3'eJ- lowish, striped longitudinally with chestnut, with close series of revolving chestnut spots. Length, 1/85 inches. Philippines. Very closely allied to C. undo.tus, Kr., and possibly a variety of that species ; both of them are too closely related to C. arcu- atus, Brod. and Sowb. C. Sinensis, Sowb. (fig. 4), is a synonym. C. ACUTANGULUS, Hwass. PL 24, fig. 5. Shell with concavely elevated spire, carinate and usualty minutely tuberculate at the sutures ; body-whorl encircled by punctate grooves; white, clouded with light chestnut, with usually an ill-defined central white band. Length, '5-1 inch. Philippines. Is very probably the young of C. cancellatus, Lam. The West Indian species usually known to American collectors under this name, I refer to C. verrucosus, Hwass. C. COMMODUS, A. Ad. Shell elongately turbinated, narrow, smooth, base obliquely sulcate ; white, under a fulvous epidermis ; spire elevated, con vexly acute, variegated with light fulvous; apex body-whorl acute and carinated behind. Habitat unknown (Mus. Gruner). An unfigured species ; no dimensions given. C. WILMERI, Sowb. PI. 24, fig. 6. Shell fusiform, pale brown, transversely ribbed, ribs strong, rounded, smooth, equal in width to the interstices, which are crossed with thread-like striae ; spire very elevated, whorls eleven, flatly sloping, with three deep-cut spiral grooves, keeled at the angle, a spiral cord against the suture ; last whorl with the upper angle acutely keeled, sides sloping, and attenuated towards the base ; aperture narrow ; lip slightly sinuated at the upper extremity. Length, 21 mill. Andaman Islands. Much narrower than C. acutangulus, with a very elevated spire. Possibly a young shell of a form of 0. d'Orbignyi. C. TENUISULCATUS, Sowb. PL 24, fig. 7. Body-whorl narrowly distantly sulcate ; white, three-fasciate with large, light brown spots. Length, *75 inch. Habitat unknown. An immature shell, which does not appear to possess any remarkable distinctive characters ; is closely allied to C. rarimac- ulatus, described in the same paper and figured on the same plate \)y Sowerby. C. TRISTIS, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 8. Shell smooth, grooved towards the base, spire concavely raised, striated, finely nodulous, nodules of the last whorl obsolete ; white. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. The figure appears to be that of a dead specimen which has lost its color through bleaching. C. BORNEENSIS, Ad. and Reeve. PL 24. Spire elevated, whorls channeled, carinate, lower part of body- whorl distantly sulcate ; white, blotched here and there on the body and spire with chestnut. Length, 1*75 inches. Borneo, Australia. Perhaps too closely related to C. undatus, Kiener. C. acuti- 78 CONUS. marginatus, Sowb. (fig. 10), and C. Lizardensis, Crosse (fig. 11), are referred as synonyms to this species by Dr. Weinkauff ; they are both young shells. C. VERRUCOSUS, Hwass. PL 24, figs. 12-18. Spire raised, smooth, slightly gradate, sometimes obsoletely tuberculate ; body-whorl distantly, narrowly sulcate ; spaces between the sulci plane, sometimes smooth, usually tuberculated ; yellowish white, irregularly clouded with orange or chestnut. Length, '75-1-2 inches. W. Coast of Africa, West Indies. The smoother form of this species is usualty known under the name of acutangulus, Hwass — which is a Philippine Islands shell, differing in its smaller size, want of tubercles and punctured sul- cations. C. echinulatus, Kiener (fig. 13), C. nodiferus, Kiener (fig. 15), C. sticticus, A. Ad. (fig. 14), C. Mindanus, Hwass (fig. 16), C. cretaceus, Kiener (fig. 17), C. anaglypticus, Crosse (fig. 18), and possibly C. elventinus, Duclos, are synonyms. C. CORRUGATUS, Sowb. PI. 24, fig. 19. • Shell closely sulcate, the interstices raised, rounded and more or less granular ; light chestnut, spotted with dark chestnut, with a median lighter band. Length, *75 inch. China (specimen from Sowerby), A more slender and much more finely sculptured shell than C. verrucosus, with the edges of the spire-whorls neatly spotted with brown. C. PAPALIS, Weinkauff. PI. 24, fig. 20. Shell fusiformly turbinated, swollen at the shoulder, encircled throughout with fine, equidistant ridges ; spire proportionally large, elevated, strongly coronated, white ; body-whorl olive-ash, marked below by small oblong-square white flakes. Length, -5 inch. Philippines. Undoubtedly a very young shell. It was described by Reeve under the name of C. coronatus, preoccupied by Dillwyn for another species. Is it a young C. pontificalis ? CONUS. 7 9 C, SEMISULCATUS, Sowb. PI. 24, fig. 21. Spire concavely acuminate, the whorls near the apex minutely beaded ; body-whorl distantly sulcate below ; chestnut-brown* _ Length, *85 inch. Habitat unknown. C. CALEDONICUS, Hwass. PI. 25, fig. 22. Orange, encircled by numerous thread-like chestnut lines, the lower of which are very finely granulated; spire somewhat acu- minated, obsoletely coronated. Length, 2'25 inches. New Caledonia (Capt. Cook). Described from a specimen obtained during Capt. Cook's voyage around the world, and not identified with any subsequently dis- covered specimens. The original of my figure was drawn from what is believed to be the type specimen, forming part of the Delessert (Geneva) collection. Section XI V. TEREBRI. Hermes (Montf.), Morch, pars. C. NUCLEUS, Reeve. PI. 25, fig. 23. Shell with fine revolving striae ; orange-brown, with an irregular white band, and spots ; aperture violaceous. Length, '9 inch. Philippines, New Caledonia. Possibly only a variety of the next species. C. LUTEUS, Brod. PI. 25, figs. 24, 25. Shell yellow, pink or purplish, encircled by chestnut lines which are mostly broken up into chestnut and white articulations, an irregular white band below the middle ; aperture purplish, with a central white band. Length, 1-1 '5 inches. Island of Annaa. C. GLANS, Hwass. PL 25, figs. 26-28. Shell encircled throughout with coarse or fine strise, which are sometimes granular; violaceous or brown, with a few lighter spots on the spire, and usually a light irregular band below the middle of the body-whorl ; aperture violaceous. Length, 1— l'T5 inches. Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia, Polynesia. C. tenuistriatus, Sowb. (fig. 28), is a synonym. 80 CONUS. C. SCABRIUSCULUS, Chemn. PI. 25, fig. 29. Shell striate throughout, sometimes minutely granular ; chest- nut or chocolate-color, with large white maculations on spire and below the shoulder, as well as around the middle of the body- whorl ; base of body-whorl tinged with purple ; aperture tinged with purple. Length, 1—1*5 inches. Caroline Is., Philippines, Australia, N. Caledonia. C.fabula, Sowb., is a synonym. C. TENDINEUS, Hwass. PI. 25, fig. 30. Shell striate, sometimes granular throughout ; violaceous chestnut, under an olive-brown thin epidermis, with large oblong white spots, arranged in two series on the body-whorl, one series below the shoulder, the other below the middle, base also white or violaceous ; aperture tinged with violet. Length, 2-2'5 inches. I. Bourbon, Mauritius, Annaa. C. TEREBRA, Born. PI. 25, figs. 31-33. Shell striated throughout ; pale yellowish or ash-color, indis- tinctly two-banded, often somewhat tinged with violet at the base ; aperture white or slightty violaceous. Length, l'T5-4 inches. Red Sea, Nicobar Is., Ceylon, Isl. of Bourbon, Philippines, N. Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji Islands. C. ccelebs, Hinds (fig. 32), is a young specimen, and C. Thomasi, Sowb. (fig. 33), differs only in the spire being somewhat shorter than usual. C. CAILLIAUDI, Kiener. PI. 25, fig. 34. Shell narrow, smooth, with low spire and undulated or slightly tuberculated shoulder; yellowish, encircled throughout by narrow chestnut lines. Length, 2 inches. Habitat unknown. C. NUSSATELLA, Linn. PI. 25, fig. 35. Shell closely striated, the striae minutely granular; yellowish white, clouded irregularly with orange-brown or light purple- brown, with numerous chestnut spots on the striaB. Length, l'5-2'25 inches. Eed Sea, E. Africa, Ceylon, Java, Philippines, N. Australia, N. Caledonia, Polynesia • CONUS. 81 C. TENELLUS (Chemn.), Auct. PI. 25, tig. 36. Shell narrow, cylindrical, encircled by minutely granose striae; whitish, broadly three-banded by oblong longitudinal clouds of orange-brown, the interstices brown-spotted. Length, 1-75 inches. Australia. This is the G. artoptus, Sowb., and C. spectabilis, A. Ad. C. CLAVUS, Linn. PI. 25, figs. 37, 38. Shell cylindrical, with revolving stria? throughout ; two-banded with orange-brown and covered with large and small reticulating lines of the same color ; spire convex, maculated. Length, 2 inches. Java, Philippines, New Caledonia, Polynesia. Related by its coloring to the textile group. Yar. DACTYLOSUS, Kiener. PI. 25, fig. 38. Shell narrower, the reticulated pattern much smaller and more uniform in the size of the meshes, interrupted by three or four broad, uniform orange-brown bands. C. CIRCUMCISUS, Born. PL 25, figs. 39, 40. Shell thin, striated throughout ; yellowish or violaceous white ; clouded. with chestnut, with distant revolving series of chestnut spots and short lines, most conspicuous on two irregular lighter bands. Length, 2-2'5 inches. Philippines. This species is also well-known under the name of C. dux, Hwass, given to it several years later. G. Du Saveli, H. Adams (fig. 40), from Mauritius, is a beautifully colored variety. C. BRAZIEET, Sowb. PL 25, fig. 41. Shell rather solid, with revolving striae throughout ; whitish, tinged with pale rose-pink, with two broad, light yellowish browH bands, sprinkled here and there with a few very minute brown spots ; spire conspicuous^ marked with dark brown blotches. Length, 75 mill. Solomon Islands (Brazier). Closely allied to the preceding species. C. GRANULATUS, Linn. PL 25, figs. 42, 43. Shell regularly grooved throughout the body-whorl, the inter- 6 82 CONUS. stices plane or granular ; spire striate, often gradate ; orange-red, raised portions with very narrow chestnut revolving lines, white- clouded, especially in the middle, forming an irregular band, which is mottled and bordered with chestnut ; interior rosy. Length, 1-5-2 inches. West Indies. C. verulosus, Hwass. (fig. 43) = C. fusus, Gmel., appears to be only a worn state of this species, devoid of color. C. COCCINEUS, Gmelin. PI. 25, fig. 44. Shell thin, with somewhat convex sides, encircled by striae, which are often minutely granular ; spire moderate, sometimes gradate, striate, obsoletely coronated ; orange pink, with a white central band, variegated with dark brown spots and blotches ; spire usually maculated. Length, 1-25-1-75 inches. Philippines, New Caledonia. This shell is equally well known as C. Solandri, Brod. C. FILAMENTOSUS, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 45. Shell oblong-conical, obtusely angled at the upper part, slightly inflated, smooth, encircled throughout with narrow distant grooves ; spire striate, with raised, sharp apex ; whitish, profusely clouded with yellowish orange; here and there scarlet-tinged, and closely encircled throughout with very fine thread-like lines of a darker color. Length, 28 mill. Habitat unknown. There are about five of the color-lines between each groove. I am not acquainted with this species. C. NIMBOSUS, Hwass. PI. 26, fig. 46. Rosy or violaceous white, with two faint chestnut bands, closely encircled by lines of small chocolate dots ; body-whorl with close revolving grooves. Length, 1*45 inches. Ceylon. C. AURISIACUS, Linn. PI. 26, fig. 47. Shell with slight revolving ridges, sometimes granulated below ; spire channeled and striate ; pink-white, with deeper-colored bands, distantly encircled by lines of short dashes and dots of chocolate ; spire with conspicuous chocolate markings. Length, 2 inches. Moluccas. CONUS. 83 C. BARTHELEMYI, Bernard!. PL 26, fig. 48. Shell covered with fine undulating striae ; orange-red, with a central white band, upon and in the neighborhood of which are a few chocolate spots ; spire whitish, maculated with chocolate. Length, 3'75 inches. Ghagos Isl. Dr. Weinkauff makes this a variety of C. aurisiacus. C. CYLINDRACEUS, Brod. and Sowb. PL 26, figs. 49, 50. Shell with fine revolving striae, somewhat granulous towards the base ; chestnut, longitudinally streaked with white, with fre- quently an upper and lower band of white maculations. Length, 1-1-5 inches. Society Islands; New Caledonia. C. MITRATUS, Hwass. PL 26, figs. 51, 52. Shell covered with granulated revolving striae; white, encircled near the shoulder, on the middle and base by large chestnut maculations, forming three interrupted bands ; spire maculated with brown. Length, 28 mill. Isl. Bourbon, Philippines, New Caledonia. This shell much resembles in form Dibaphus edendulus, one of the Mitridae. C. Pupaeformis, Sowb. (fig. 52), described as a variety, is identical. C. CREBRISULCATUS, Sowb. PL 26, fig. 53. Shell red, sulcats, with smooth, elevated spire, beaded at the angles. Length, 15 mill. Sandwich Islands (Weinkauff). C. TRAILLII, A. Ad. PL 26, fig. 54. Shell finely sulcated, yellowish white, with two broad bands of tessellated chocolate spots. Length, 12 mill. Malacca. C. PUNCTURATUS, Hwass. PL 26, fig. 55. Shell cancellated with longitudinal and revolving lines, pale ash-color ; spire striated, obsoletely coronated, spotted with brown, apex rose-tinted. Length, 10 mill. Australia. 84 CONUS. Section XY. BULBI. Conella, Swainson. C. AFEICANUS, Kiener. PL 26, figs. 56-62. Shell turbinated, obtusely inflated above ; chestnut or choco- late color, with white maculations, forming an irregular broad central band ; spire maculated. Length, 1-25 inches. Guinea, West Africa. Var. BULBUS, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 5T. Shell longitudinally irregularly striped with chocolate and white. Yar. DUPONTI, Kiener. PI. 26, fig. 58. Shell shorter and broader, with irregular chestnut and white maculations. Yar. GRAYI, Reeve. PI. 26, figs. 59, 60. Shell gray or ashy blue, ornamented with large, waved choco- late spots, generally arranged so as to form two bands ; aperture Violaceous. Length, 1 inch. ? Australia (Brazier) ; L. Guinea (Dunker). G. obtusus, Kiener (fig. 60), is a synonym. Yar. GUTTATUS, Kiener. PI. 26, fig. 61. Shell yellowish brown, with irregular small chocolate blotches, and a few small spots in revolving series. Yar. VARIEGATUS, Kiener. PI. 26, fig. 62. Yellowish brown or chestnut-color, maculated with brown on the shoulder, with numerous fine chocolate revolving lines often broken up into spots. C. ZEBROIDES, Kiener. PI. 26, fig. 62 a. Shell yellowish brown, longitudinally, irregularly striped with chestnut, extending over the spire. Length, 4*7 mill. Australia. No locality is given by Kiener for this species, but G. Cooki, Brazier (unfigured), described from Botany Bay, New South Wales, a shell 20 mill, in length, appears to be a younger speci- men of the same species. CONUS. 85 C. CONCINNULUS, Crosse. PL 26, fig. 63. . White, with chestnut waved longitudinal markings. Length, *75 inch. Gulf of California. The specific name is substituted for C. concinnus, Brod., pre- occupied by Sowerby, sen. I am not acquainted with the species. C. ATRAMENTOSUS, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 64. Shell encircled by finely pricked grooves ; chestnut-color with generally a few white spots on the shoulder, and white-tinted at the base. Length, 12 mill. Philippines, New Caledonia, Sandwich Is. C. fusiformis = C. parvus, Pease, an unfigured species from the Sandwich Islands, is identical ; I have authentic specimens before me. C. HIEROGLYPHICUS, Duclos. PI. 26, fig. 65. Shell cylindrically ovate, ashy violet-color, ornamented with two bands of peculiarly sinuated white spots ; with revolving series of pale granules ; spire convexly acute, variegated ; base striated. Length, '85 inch. ? West Indies. C. LUGUBKIS, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 66. Shell finely striated, rudely ridged at the base, ridges few and distant, spire conspicuously grooved ; chocolate-black, obscurely reticulated here and there with numerous aggregated small white spots. Length, -75 inch. West Africa. C. hieroglyphicus, var. Kiener, is identical. Section XVI. TULIPS. Nubecula, Klein (in part). C. STRIATUS, Linn. PI. 26, fig. 67. Shell irregularly clouded with pink-white and chestnut or chocolate, with fine close revolving striae, forming the darker ground-color by close colored lines ; spire tessellated with chest- nut or chocolate and white, its whorls slightly channeled, cari- nate and striate. Length, 2-5-3'5 inches. Red Sea, East Africa, Ceylon, Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia^ Viti Islands. C. terminus, Kiener (not Lamarck), is identical. 86 CONUS. C. GUBERNATOR, Hwass. PI. 26, figs. 68, 69. Whorls of the spire oarinate, channeled and striate, tessellated with chestnut ; body-whorl pink-white, longitudinally clouded with chestnut or chocolate, often obscurely two-banded ; several distant sulci towards the base. Length, 2*5-4 inches. East Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, Ceylon, Philippines, New Caledonia. C. terminus, Lam. (fig. 69), is described as having a less rounded shoulder, is narrower, etc. ; but in the series before me the transition forms make a series of stages so complete that I cannot separate C. terminus even as a variety. C. BOIVINI, Kiener. PI. 28, fig. 70. Spire depressed, channeled ; bod3^-whorl with equidistant revolving punctured grooves, obsolete in the middle ; yellowish white, with two light brown bands, and a few hieroglyphic mark- ings. Length, 2-5 inches. East Africa (Weinkauff). C. MELANCHOLICUS, Lam. PI. 28, fig. 71. Shell elongated, rather cylindrical, cancellated with exceedingly fine striae ; orange-red, with a band of white spots at the shoulder and another below the middle of the body-whorl ; spire smooth and sharp, spirally striated, variegated with orange-red. Length, 2 inches. Habitat unknown. The type specimen remains unique. C. RHODODENDRON (Couthouy), Jay. PL 28, fig. 72. Spire depressed, channeled and striate ; body-whorl grooved above and below, smooth in the middle ; rosy white, with numerous small triangular chestnut spots and three bands of violaceous and chestnut clouds and reticulations. Length, 1-75-2-25 inches. Australia, New Guinea, Polynesia. Perhaps the most beautiful species of the genus. C. cingulatus, Sowb. (not Lamarck), is a synonym, and C. discrepans, Sowb., a dead, colorless shell, not adult, but with the same form and grooving, is referred here by Dr. Weinkauff. C. FLOCCATUS, Sowb. PI. 2*8, figs. 73, 74. Shell oblong, subcylindrical, solid, granosely silicate below; CONUS. 87 light purplish, with longitudinal flames and revolving bands of chestnut, and lines of angulate white spots. Length, 2*5 inches. Philippines. C. Magdalense, Kiener (fig. 74), is a pale variety. C. JULII, Lie'nard. PI. 28, figs. 75, 76. Shell white, upper part of body-whorl, spire and interior, tinged with pink, body-whorl with longitudinal chestnut striga- tions, forming two irregular bands. Length, 1*5 inches. Mauritius. This is perhaps only a variety of C. floccatus ; the figure which Kiener gives under that name (fig. 76), appearing to be somewhat intermediate in its characters. C. BULLATUS, Linn. PI. 28, fig. 77. Shell inflated, thin, grooved below ; white, clouded with orange-red and chestnut, forming two ill-defined bands, with indistinct revolving rows of white and chestnut articulations ; aperture pink. Length, l'5-2'5 inches. Philippines, N. Caledonia. It is the C. Tinianus of Kiener, not Kiister. C. CERVUS, Lam. PL 28, figs. 78, 79. Shell large, cylindrically inflated, thin, pale rosy yellow, encircled by lines and bands of chestnut and white spots, and hieroglyphic markings. Length, 4*25 inches. Moluccas. Allied to C. bullatus, but much larger and differently fasciated, yet it may prove to be only a gigantic variety of that species. Var. CUVIERI, Crosse. Shell smaller, pale fawn-color, with a few large white blotches; especially about the middle, and numerous close revolving lines of chestnut spots. Length, 2 inches. Red Sea, Australia. The name was substituted by Crosse for G. Deshayesii, Reeve, preoccupied for a fossil species. C. TULIPA, Linn. PL 28, figs. 80, 81. Shell variegated with violet and white, clouded with chestnut, 88 CONUS. with numerous revolving rows of minute chestnut and white articulations; interior violaceous. Length, 2-2*5 inches. East Africa, Bed Sea, Ceylon, Philippines, New' Caledonia, Polynesia. The synonymy includes C.floridus, Sowb. (fig. 81). C. VIOLACEUS, Reeve. PL 28, figs. 82, 83. Shell subcylindrical, violaceous, with chestnut blotches, form- ing three interrupted bands, and faint lines of minute chestnut and white articulations. Length, 1-1-25 inches. Philippines, Id. Annaa, etc. With this I unite C. obscurus, Reeve (fig. 83), and C. geo- graphuSj var. of Sowb. It differs from young shells of C. tulipa in its more cylindrical form and in having three bands. C. GEOGRAPHUS, Linn. PL 28, fig. 84 ; PL 29, fig. 85. Shell thin, cjdindrically inflated, with thread-like revolving striae, usually nearly obsolete except at the base ; spire striated and coronated ; pink or violaceous white, clouded and coarsely reticulated with chestnut or chocolate, usually forming two very irregular bands ; aperture violaceous white. Length, 3-5 inches. E. Africa, Eed Sea, Ceylon, Philippines, N. Caledonia, Polynesia. Yar. MAPPA, Crosse. PL 29, fig. 85. Shell smaller, more cylindrical, rose-color, marked as in the typical form ; base of body-whorl obsolete^ grooved. The name was substituted by Crosse for C. intermedius, Reeve ; the latter being preoccupied by Lamarck for a fossil species. Section XVII. TEXTI. Cylinder, Montf. Textilia. Swains. C. AUREUS, Hwass. PL 29, fig. 86. Shell subcylindrical, with fine revolving striae ; orange-brown, very finely reticulated with chestnut, with larger subtriangular spots of white, aggregated into masses and bands at the shoulder, middle and base ; there are usually a number of longitudinal streaks of che'stnut running over the orange-brown reticulated spaces. Length, 1*5-2 inches. Moluccas, Philippines, New Caledonia. ffUffTl CONUS. ^ C. PAULUCCT^E, Sowerby. PL 29, fig. 87. Shell elongated, rather solid, obsoletely striated, very obtusely angulated behind and attenuated to the front; whitish, with broad interrupted bands of orange, longitudinally streaked with chestnut-brown, intersected by a net work of triangular orange lines ; spire pyramidal, whorls faintly spirally grooved ; aperture narrow, white. Length, 2'25 inches. Mauritius. The form is more tapering and surface smoother than C. aureus. It is perhaps a variety of the next species. C. PYRAMIDALIS, Lam. PL 29, figs. 88, 89. Shell smooth, conical, finely striated at the base ; violaceous or flesh-color, covered by chestnut or chocolate reticulations, and doubly banded. Length, 1-75 inches. Australia. This species is not well understood ; with some of the figures illustrating it ; C. Pauluccise seems to be very closely allied, whilst Reeve's conception of it is a shell approaching G. textile. C. convolutus, Sowb. (fig. 89), appears to differ only in its more vivid coloring. C. GLORIA-MARIS, Hwass. PL 29, fig. 90 White, finely reticulated with orange-brown lines, enclosing triangular spaces, with three interrupted bands of chestnut hieroglyphic markings. Length, 3-5 inches. Philippines. A magnificent and very rare species. C. RETIFER, Menke. PL 29, fig. 91. Shell pear-shaped, with revolving striae ; reticulated orange- brown with large and small triangular white patches, and zigzag longitudinal chocolate markings, mostly interrupted so as to form one or two bands ; interior light violaceous. Length, 1— 1/75 inches. Philippines to Sa,ndwich Islands. Equally well known under Sowerby 's name of C. solidus. Its nearest ally is C. verriculum, Reeve, a stumpy variety of C. textile. C. TEXTILE, Linn. PL 29, figs. 92-99 ; PL 30, figs. 100-7. Shell yellowish brown, with undulating longitudinal lines of 90 CONUS. chocolate, interrupted by triangular white spaces ; these last are irregularly disposed, but crowded at the shoulder, base and middle so as to form bands ; spire similarly marked ; aperture white. Length, 2'5-3 5 inches. Mauritius, Red Sea, Ceylon, Japan, Philippines, Australasia, Viti Islands, etc. The synonymy includes G. vicarius, Lam. (fig. 95), G. scriptus, Sowb. (fig. 96), in which the reticulations cover most of the surface. Yar. TELATUS, Reeve. PL 29, figs. 91, 98. The triangular reticulations much finer than in the type. In a specimen before me the usual three bands are each divided into two, with narrow intervening spaces. Another slight modi- fication of pattern of coloring is C. tigrinus, Sowb. (fig. 98). Yar. VERRICULUM, Reeve. PL 29, fig. 99. Shell shorter and proportional^ wider than the type ; the triangular white markings are usually larger and cover more of the surface. Approaches the preceding species, C. retifer. Yar. EUETRIOS, Sowb. PL 30, fig. ] 00. Shell finely reticulated with chocolate lines over the white surface, as to cause it to appear a uniform chocolate-color at a distance, crossed by three broad bands of darker color. Approaches C. Elisse, Kiener. Yar. ARCHIEPISCOPUS, Hwass. PL 30, figs. 1-3. Shell smaller than the type, with much smaller reticulations, more completely covering the surface. Connected with textile by intermediate stages. (7. canonicus, Hwass. (fig. 2), does not appear to be essentially different, and C. rubescens, Bonnet, and C. Madagascariensis, Sowb. (fig, 3), may also be placed here. Yar. CONDEXSUS, Sowb. PL 30, fig. 4. Shell narrower than the type, connecting with C. auratus. Yar. LEGATUS, Lam. PL 30, fig. 5. Shell small and rather narrow, with strong longitudinal choc- olate markings over the reticulations. This is essentially a young state of G. canonicus, above, into which it passes with growth. CONUS. 91 Yar. VICTORIA, Reeve. PL 30, fig. 6. Differs from the type in the reticulations being mostly smaller, arid light-colored, contrasting strongly with the bands of very dark chocolate longitudinal stripes, and in being more or less overlaid with violaceous clouds. Australia. Var. COMPLANATUS, Sowb. PL 30, fig. 7. Shell more inflated than C. Victoria, with much shorter spire, the reticulations more delicate, the bands much lighter in color. This shell, also from Australia, probably passes into the form Victories. C. PREVOSTI, Sowb. PL 30, fig. 8. Shell narrow, sulcate below ; orange, obscurely fasciated with chestnut, and finely reticulated with narrow orange lines ; spire with two striae. Length, 40 mill. New Caledonia. I am not acquainted with this species. C. CONCATENATES, Kiener. PL 30, fig. 9. White, very openly reticulated with orange-red lines. Length, 35 mill. Habitat unknown. An unrecognized form, which may prove to be a variety of C. textile. C. DALLI, Stearns. PL 30, fig. 10. Spire indistinctly grooved ; body-whorl obscurely spirally ribbed below ; yellowish brown, with reddish brown longitudinal stripes, interrupted by four revolving bands of white spots, and occasional white spots on the darker surface ; interior rosy pink. Length, 2-15-2-35 inches. Gulf of California. Closety allied to C. textile, but the spire has a convex outline, the interior is roseate, the spots are smaller, etc. The distribu- tion of C. textile is entirely different ; yet this may be only a variety. C. LUCIDUS, Mawe. PL 30, fig. 11. Shell white, encircled by equidistant narrow chestnut lines, which are connected longitudinally by semicircular lines — some- 92 CONUS. times crowded, but usually distant, forming series of open reticulations ; spire fasciculated with chestnut. Length, 1-5-2-35 inches. Isle of La Plata, W. Coast of Central America. C. ABBAS, Hwass. PI. 30, figs. 12-14. Shell white, very finely reticulated with narrow orange-brown lines, with a broad central and often narrower upper and lower bands of darker color bearing occasional longitudinal chocolate stripes. Length, 1-5-2*5 inches. E. Africa, Ceylon, Philippines, New Caledonia. Yery closely allied to C. textile, but the shell is smaller, the reticulations much smaller, the longitudinal streaks rarely apparent, and the dark bands of abbas occupy about the same positions as the lightest markings of textile. Yar. PANNICULUS, Lam. PI. 30, figs. 13, 14. Body-whorl with four bands of fine reticulations, and three bands bearing longitudinal chocolate stripes. C. corbula, Sowb. (fig. 14), is very similar in its markings. C. ELIS^E, Kiener. PL 30, fig. 15. Shell white, so closely finely longitudinally lined and reticulated with chocolate, as to appear like a chocolate surface with innumer- able white specks, with two or three broad darker bands. Length, 2 inches. Madagascar. C. CROCATUS, Lam. PI. 31, figs. 16, 17. Shell saffron-yellow, with a few scattered small white triangu- lar spots ; spire tessellated with chestnut. Length, 2*75 inches. Philippines, New Caledonia. C. EACEMOSUS, Sowb. PL 31, fig. 18. Shell rather solid, smooth, with convex spire ; brownish orange- color, with obscure revolving lines sparingly articulated with white, and clusters of white triangular spots, mostly disposed in three bands. Length, 2-15 inches. Sandwich Islands. Yery doubtfully distinct from the following species. C. OMARIA, Hwass. PL 31, figs. 19-28. Shell varying from orange-brown to chocolate-color, covered CONUS. 93 by minute white spots, and overlaid by larger white triangular spots, sometimes forming bands at the shoulder, middle and base. Length. 2^3 inches. Red Sea, Ceylon, Philippines, Australia, Polynesia. With this species I am compelled to unite G. pennaceus, Born (figs. 20, 21), C. prselatus, Hwass (fig. 22), C. episcopus, Hwass (figs. 23, 24), C. rubigmosus, Hwass (fig. 25), G. magnificus, Reeve (fig. 26), and G. stellatus, Kiener (fig. 2*7), the latter a juvenile. Yar. COLUBRINUS, Lam. PL 31, fig. 28. Shell rather narrower, marked like C. textile, with longitudinal chocolate streaks, the triangular white spots fewer and smaller. C. AULTCUS, Linn. PL 31, figs. 29, 30. Shell rather narrow, with elevated spire; chocolate-brown, covered by elevated close revolving lines of darker color ; sur- face irregularly overlaid by subtriangular white spots, some of which are very large. Length, 3'5-5'5 inches. Mauritius, Ceylon, Philippines, N. Caledonia, Viti Isles, etc. Distinguished by its form and revolving raised lines, and the absence of white articulations. C. AUBATUS, Lam. (fig. 30), is distinguished only by a redder color and occasional minute white spots on ,the revolving striae ; it is scarcely entitled to a varietal name. Undetermined and Spurious Species. The following names, mostly of long standing, have not been identified with any of the species by either of the monographers. The descriptions are usually insufficient, and the references to the plates (sometimes the figures themselves) perplexing. C. PUSIO, Lam. ; C. JASEIDEUS, Gmel. ; C. INSULARIS, Gmel. ; G. LEOPARDUS, Meusch. ; C. FUSIFORMIS, Lam. ; C. LAMELLOSUS, Brug. ; C. ZIGZAG, Muhlf. ; C. NIGER, Jay. C. SINENSIS, Gmel. (JAn artificially colored specimen. — Yon Martens.) 94 CONUS. C. LUTEUS, Quoy. Yoy. Astrol. (Scarcely a Cone. — Sowerby.) The single specimen recorded by Quoy was lost. C. MAURUS, Gray. Australia. C. OCELLATUS, Gmel. (? Artificially colored.— Yon Martens.) C. CINCTUS, Yal. Acapulco. C. MAMILLARIS, Green. (The figure unrecognizable.) Florida. The following recently described, but unfigured species, I am unable to locate. C. CARMELI, T.-Woods. Tasmania. C. SOPKLE, Brazier. Solomon's Islands. C. PURUS, Pease. Polynesia. Errata. Page 12. After " C. Lorenzianus, Chemn.," add Sowerby r in part. Page 38. After " C. yradatulus " read Weinkauff instead of Sowerby. INDEX AND SYNONOMY. COMICS. PAGE. Abbas (Conus"), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 750, . 92 Abbreviates (Conus), Nuttall, Mss. Reeve, Icon., f. 86. . 22 = C. miliaris, Hwass., var. Achates (Conus), Meuschen. E. A. Smith, Jour. Linn. Soc. xii, 536. = C. monachus, Linn. Achatinus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, pi. 142, f. 131 7. 64 Aculeiformis (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 176. 75 Acuminatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 268, ..... 31 Acutangulus (Conus), Chemn. Conch., xi, pi. 182, f. 1772, 1773, .... ... 76, 78 Acutimarginatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl., f. 640, 641. = C. Borneensis, Ad. and Reeve, var. . . . .78 Acutus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 119, fig. 142. = C. Ceylonensis, Hwass, var 23 Adamsoni (Conus), Gray, Mss. Brit. Mus., Reeve, Icon., f. 22. = C. rhododendron, Couth. Adansoni (Conus), Lam. An., s. Yert. vii, p. 502. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, var .66 Adansoni (Conus), Reeve, Icon., f. 190, 193. = C. nigropunctatus, Sowb. . . . ... .64 Adriaticus (Conus), Chiereghini. Crosse, Gruerin's Mag., 203,1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Adustus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 204, fig. 403. = C. classiarius, Hwass, juv. ...... 41 Aegrotus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. v., Sup,, f. 250. . 45 Aemulus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179. = C. coerulescens, Chemn. ...... 66 Afflnis (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3391. = C, circumcisus, Born. Africanus (Conus), Kien. Sp. gen. Conch., 260, pi. 104, f. 2. 84 Africanus (Conus), Meusch. Sowb., Thes. Index. = C. tseniatus, Hwass. Agrestis (Conus), Spengl. Morch, Kierulf Cat., p. 31. = C. figulinus, L., var. Loroisi. (95) 96 INDEX AND SYNONOMY. Alabaster (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Reeve, Icon. Suppl., t. 6, f. 257, 72 Albicans (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., iii, No. 13, f. 98, . 74 Albomaculatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 2. = C. bo3ticus, Reeve, var. ...... 26 Albospira (Conus), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, p. 480, pi. xlviii, f . 4 59 Algoensis (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, . . 69 Altispiratus (Conus), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, pi. 15, f. 4, p. 146, . . 66 Alveolus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 11. = C. nisus, Chemn. . . - 59 Amabilis (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 503. = C. pertusus, Hwass, ....... 54 Amadis (Conus) Martini. Conch. Cab., ii, p. 290, pi. 58, f. 642, 643, 30, 31 Amadis (Conus), Sowb., var. Thes. Conch., t. 8, f. 171. = C, schech., Jeck. Amazonicus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Gruerin's Mag., 203, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Ambiguus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 177, 13 Ammiralis (Conus) Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmel. Ed.), p. 3378, 29 Anabathrum, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., t. 9, f. 4, 1865, . 33 Anaglypticus (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1 865, p. 314, pi. 11, f. 8-8 a. =? C. verrucosus, Hwass, . . 78 Anceps (Conus), A. J\.d. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 119. = C. consors, Sowb. ........ 52 Andamanensis (Conus), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 804, pi. 50, f. 1-1 a, . Anemone (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 479, . . 69 Angasi (Conus), Tryon, ....... 62 Angulatus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 118. = C. regularis, Sowb 37 Aplustre (Conus), Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 171, . 67 Arachnoideus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3388 (part). = C. araneosus, Hwass, . . . . . .8 Araneosus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth.Ver.,i, pi. 2, p. 612, 8 Arausiensis (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cat. = C. daucus, Hwass. Archetypus (Conus ^ Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, pi. 10, f. 7, p. 313. = C. daucus, Hwass, . . 48 Archiepiscopus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Method, vers., i, pt. 2, p. 747, = C. textile, Linn., var 90 Archithalassus (Conus), Dillw. Desc. Cat., i, 374. = C. ammiralis, Linn., var. . . . . . .29 Archon (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool, Soc., 1833, p. 54, . 27 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 97 Arcuatus (Conus), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., iv, p. 379, . . 75, 63 Arcuatus (Conus) Gray. Zool. Beechey. Toy., p. 119. = C. emarginatus, Reeve. Ardisiacus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv.,p. 316, pi. 108, f. 1. ? =^ C. anemone, Lam .70 Arenatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. ver., i, pt. 2, p. 621, 18 Aristophanes (Conus), Duclos. Sowb., Thes. Conch., 63, f. 81, 82. = C. miliaris, Hwass, var 22 Armiger (Conus;, Crosse. Guerin's Mag., 205, 1858, . . 75 Armillatus (Conus), C. B. Ad. Contr. to Conch., p. 59. = C. Proteus, Hwass, ....... 12 Articulatus (Conus) Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, pi. 15, f. 3, p. 145, .... . . 33 Artoptus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 35. = C. tenellus, Chem., Sow. Thes. Index, . . .81 Asper (Conus), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 467. = C. sulcatus, Hwass. Aspersus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., fig. 16. = C. testudinarius, Martini. ...... 65 Assimilis (Conus), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 118, 1853. = C. magus, Linn. . 53, 64 Ateralbus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 313, pi. cviii, f. 4 and 4 a. = C. venulatus, Hwass, . . . . .14 Atramentosus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. vii, f. 265, 85 Attenuatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 180, 49 Augur (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 685, . 51 Aulicus (Conus;, Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, p. 1171, . 93 Aurantius ( Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 606, 25 Auratus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 516. = C. aulicus, Linn. ........ 93 Aureolus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 395. Aureus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 742, . 88 Auricomus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 742, t. 346, f. 3. = C. clavus, Linn. Auricomus (Conus), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 167. = C. aureus, Hwass. Aurisiacus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., 1170, . . 82, 83 Aurora (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 500. = C. rosaceus, Chemn .56 Australis (Conus), Chemn. Conch., xi, pi. 183, f. 1774, 1775. 73 Baccatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 753, pi. Ixxv, f. 5, . 22 Badius (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 89, pi. xxxiii, f. 3. = C nemocanus, Hwass, . . . . . . .39 7 98 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Baltcattis (Co^us), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 58, ... 21 Balteus (Conus), Mawe. Wood, Index Test. Suppl., t. 3, f. 5, 1856. = C. cuneolus, Reeve, . . . . .55 Bandanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth., i, pt. 2, p. 611. = C. marmorens, Linn., var 8 Barbadensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 632. ? = C. miliaris, Hwass, var. abbreviatus, . . 22 Barbadensis (Conus), Reeve (not Hwass). Icon., f. 47. = C. nebulosus, Solander, , 28 Barthelemyi (Conus), Bernard!. J. de Conch., 1861, p. 285 ; 1862, p. 46, pi. i, f. 12. = C. aurisaicus, Linn. . . 83 Bayani (Conus), Jousseaume. Rev. Zool., xxiii (2), p. 200, 1872, pi. xviii, f. 1, . . .35 Baylei (Conus), Jousseaume. Rev. Zool., xxiii (2), p. 198, pi. xviii, f. 2, 1872, .11 Bernardi (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., p. 220, pi. 100, f. 2. = C. cinereus, Hwass, var 58 Betulinus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmelin), p. 3383, . 16 Bicolor (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., fig. 18. = C. Proteus, Hwass, 12 Bifasciatus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3392. = C. centurio, Born. Bifasciatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 186, f. 302, . 32 Biliosus (Conus), Bolt. Crosse, Mag. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. piperatus, Reeve. Blainvillii (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 358, pi. cxi, f. 1. = C. classiarius, Hwass, 41 Blainvillei (Conus), Yign. Desc. *= C. ammiralis, Linn. Blanfordianus (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1867, pi. 2, f. l,p. 66. = C. nisus, Chemn. . . . . .69 Bocki (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 636, pi. Ivi, f. 7. = C. sulcatus, Hwass, var 74 Bceticus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 174, . 26 Boivinii (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 64, . . .86 Borbonicus (Conus), H. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 288, pi. xxvii,f. 1, . .67 Borneensis (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Moll. Voy. Sam., p. 18, pi. v, f. 8, ' . .77 Borneensis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl., 439, f. 648. = C magus, Linn. ... .... 53 Brazieri (Conus), Sowb. Jour, of Conch., iii, 1881, p. 234, pi. l,f. 9, . . 81 Breviusculus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Illust., f. 55, list. = C. Proteus, Hwass, 12 Broderipi (Conus), Kien. (non Reeve). Icon., t. 71, f. 2. — C. rosaceus, Chemn. ....... 56 Broderipii (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179. 57 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 99 Bruguieri (Conus), Kiener. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, . 66 Brunneus (Conus), Gray. Wood's Index Test. Suppl., t. 3, f. 1, . . . . 28 Bulbus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 171. = C. Africanus, Kiener, var. . . . . . .84 Bullatus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit., xii, 1172, . . 87 Bullatus var. (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 24. = C. cervus, Lam. . . . . . . . .87 Buxeus (Conus), Link. Mus. Rostock, Crosse, Rev. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. quercinus, Hwass. Buxeus (Conus), Reeve. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1843, p. 180. = C. lignaris, Reeve, var. furvus. Cabriti (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 377, pi. xiii, f. 2. = C. anemone, Lam. Caffer (Conus i, Krauss. Siidafr. Moll., 131, t. 6, f. 24, . 68 Cailliaudi (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 55, f. 5, . . 80 Caledonicus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 634, . 79 Californicus (Conus), Hinds. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, . . 17 Canaliculatus (Conus), Chemn. Conch., ii, pi. 181, f. 1748, 1749. = C. Malaccanus, Hwass. Cancellatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 500, . 74 Candidus (Conus), Born. Index Test. Mus. Caes. = C. marmoreus, Linn. Candidus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 214, pi. xcvii, f. 1. = C. Pealii, Green, ... . 3d Canonicus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 749. = C. textile, Linn., var 90 Capitaneus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, figs. 1764, 1765. = C. rattus, Hwass. Capitaneus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm. Ed.), p. 3376. 40 Capitaneus senex (Conus), Chem. Conch. Cab., xi, t. 183, f. 1786, 1787. == C. classiaiius, Hwass. Carnalis (Conus), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1878, p. 796, pi. xlviii, f. 2, 77 Cardinalis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 632, 27 Carinatus (Conus), Swains. Zool. 111., 1st ser., pi. 112. = C. consors, Sowb. ........ 52 Carmeli (Conus), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1876, p. 134, 94 Carpenter! (Conus), Crosse. J. de Conch., 1865, pi. 9, f. 1. = C. vitulinus, Hwass., var. ...... 51 Castaneus (Conus), Kien. Coq. Yiv., pi. civ, f. 3, p. 209. = C. Archon., Brod., var. .27 Cassis (Conus), Meusch. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 205, 1858. = C^ acuminatus, Hwass. 100 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Castrensis (Conns), Gould. Cover Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., iv, No. 1, Jan., 1842; Pro. Bost. Soc. N. H,, i, p. 138, 1843. = C. thalassiarchus. Gray, '. . . . . .30 Castus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 180, . 66 Catenatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 796, . pi. xlviii, f. 3, 63 Catus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 707, . 63 Catus (Conus), Issel (non Brug.) Mai. Mar Rosso, p. 142. = Yar. nigropunctatus, Sowb. Cecilei (Conus), Kien. Coq. Viv., pi. xcviii, f. 4, and pi, cvii, f. 3. =5 C. lignarius, Reeve, var. . . . .51 Cecilise (Conus), Chemn. Crosse, Jour, Conch., t. vii, pi. 14, f. 5, p. 381, 1859. = C. capitaneus, Linn., var. . . 41 Cedo-nulli (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 602, t. 316, f. 1-9. = C. nebulosus, Hwass. . . . . . . .28 Centurio (Conus), Born. Mus., pi. 7, f. 10, . . .33 Cerinus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. iii, f. 283, . 70 Cernicus (Conus), H.Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, p. 272, pi. xix, f. 1. = Yar. C. balteatus, Sowb. . . .21 Cervus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Yert., vii, p. 510, . . 87 Cervus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 94. = Yar. Cuvieri, Crosse. Ceylonensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 636, . . 23 Ceylonicus (Conus), Chemn. Conch., x, 67, pi. 142, f. 1318. =^ C. obesus, Hwass. Chaldaeus (Conus), Bolt. Mus. Sowb. Thes. Conch., Index. = C. vermiculatus, Lam. Characteristics (Conus), Chemn. Conch., xi, p. 54, pi. 182, f. 1760, 1761, . . . . . . . . .13 Chelyconus, Morch. Yoldi Cat., 69, 1852. = S. G. Leptoconus, H. and A. Adams. Chemnitzii (Conus), Dill. Desc. Cat. = C. capitaneus, var. Linn. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 1858, 203. Chenui (Conus), Crosse. Rev. Zool., 120, 1858, Jour. Conch., vi, p. 381, pi. xi, f. 3, 4, 1858, . . 50 Chessoideus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 203, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Chytreus (Conus), Melvill 17 Cibieli (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 242, pi. cvii, f. 2, . 46 Cidaris (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 57, pi. Ixiii, f. 1 and 1 a. = C. Magellanicus, Hwass., var. .... . 27 Cinctus (Conus), Swain. Zool. Illust., i ser., ii, t. 110. = pulchellus, Swain. 49 Cinctus (Conus), Yal. Humboldt, Recueil d'Orbs., ii, 337. 94 Cinereus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. rers., i, pt. 2, p. 673. 58 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 101 Cinereus (Conus), Poll. Test. Sicil.,iii, t. 45, f. 7. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Cinereus (Conus), var. Sowb. 111. Conch., f. 43. = C. nisus, Chemn. Cingulum (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 33T8. ? = C. quercinus, Brug. Gingulatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans. Yert., vii, p. 482, . 76 Cingulatns (Conus), Reeve. Icon., f. 158. = C. undatus, Kiener, ....... 76 Cingulatus (Conus), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 34, Conch. 111., 108. = C. rhododendron, Couth 86 Circse (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, f. 1778, 1779. = C. magus, Linn. . . . . . . .53 Circumcisus (Conns), Born. Test, Mus. Cses., 163, 1780, . 81 Circumsignatus (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, p. Sll,pLl6,'C 4, 50 Citrinus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3389. = C. livid us, Hwass, ....... 45 Citrinus (Conus), Kiener. Iconog., t. 78, f. 4. = C. raustellinus, Hwass, 41 Citrinus Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 248, pi. 59, f. 6, . 5T Clandestinus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, f. 1296. C. magus, Linn. ........ 53 Clarus (Conus), Smith. Ann. Mag., N. H., 1881, viii, 442, . 14 Classiarius (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 705, 41 Classiarius (Conus), Kiener. Iconog., t. 63, f. 3. = C. capitaneus, Linn., var. ...... 41 Clavus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm.), p. 3390, . . 81 Clerii (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 175, . 37 Clodianus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 203, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Cocceus (Conus), Kiener. Iconog., t. 107, f. 1. = C. nisus, Chemn., var. ....... 59 Cocceus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 174, . 7Q Coccineus (Conus), GmeL Syst. Nat., 3390, . . . 82 Ccelatus, A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 117, 1853, . 1Q Coelebs (Conus), Hinds. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1843, p. 256. = C. terebra. Born, ........ 8Q Coelinae (Conus), Crosse. Obs. sur. 1. gen. Conus, 1, in Rev. Zool., 1858, pi. 2, f. 1, p. 117, . . .43 Coerulescens (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi} f. 1762-3. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, var. . . . . .66 Coarulescens (Conus), Lam. Anim. sans Yert., xii, 501. = C. cinereus, Hwass. Coffea (Conus), Gmelin. $yst. Nat., 338§, .... 42 Collisus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Supp., 2, pi. viii, f. 273, 57 102 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Colubrinus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 517. = C. omaria, Hwass, var. ...... 93 Colubrinus (Conus), Reeve. Icon., f. 123. = C. rubiginosus, Hwass. Columba (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 709. 62 Columba. var. c. (Conus), Lam. Enc. Meth., pi. 331, f. 3. = C. radiatus, Gmel., var. parius. Commodus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117, 76 Complanatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl., 441, f. 650, 651. = C. textile, Linn., var. ....... 91 Compressus (Conus) Sowb. Thes. Conch., Suppl., 404, f. 602-603. = C. anemone, Lam .70 Comptus (Conus), Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 119. = C. castus, Reeve. Comptus (Conus), Old. Mex. and Cal. Shells, 14, t. 14, f. 123. = C. purpurascens, Brod. . . . v . .65 Conarius, Dum. Zool. Anal., 166, 1806. = Conus, Linn. Concatenatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv.,p. 362, pi. 110, f. 1, 91 Concolor (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 59, . . 40 Concinnulus (Conus), Crosse. Obs. sur le genre Conus, 23, 85 Concinnus (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833. = C. concinnulus, Crosse. Rev. Zool., 1858, p. 205. Concinnus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl., 438, f. 646. = C. sapphirostoma, Weink. ...... 62 Condensus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., Suppl., 417, f. 622. = C. textile, Linn., var 90 Conella, Swainson, 84 Connectens (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 136. = C. pulchellus, Swains. . . . . . . .49 Conorbis, Swainson. Malacol., 149, 312, 1840, ... 5 Consanguineus (Conus), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, p. 478, pi. 48, f. 1, .... . . 52 Censors (Conus), Sow. Conch. 111., p. 42, . . . .52 Conspersus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 180, 58 Consul (Conus), Boivin. Jour, de Conch., xii, 33, t. 1, f 5, 6, 1864. = C. magus, Linn. ... . . 53 Contusus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. ii, f. 276, 60 Conulus, Rafinesque. Anal. Nat., 145, 1815. = Conus, Linn. Conus, Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, x, 712, 1758, ... 7 Convolutus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch , 380, fig. 564, . 89 Cooki (Conus), Brazier. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1870, p. 109, . 84 Corallinus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 246, ph Ixxiii, f. 2, 67 Corbula (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 365, fig. 573. = C. abbas, Linn., var 92 Cordigera (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Sup., 437, f. 468, pi. 21. = C, nobilis, Linn. ........ 30 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 103 Coronatus (Conus), Dillw. Desc. Cat., i, 143. = C. miliaris, Hwass, . . . . . • .22 Coronatus (Conus), Reeve. Icon. Suppl., t. 7, f. 263, t. 9, 263 a. = C. papalis, Weink. ...... 78- Coronaxis, Swainson. Malacol., 147, 311, 1840, . . 19, 25 Corrugatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 257, pi. xxii, f. 7, ... . 78 Cosmographia (Conus), Martin. Univ. Concli., iv, pi. 125. E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 506. = C. monachus, Linn. Costatus (Conus), Chemn. Conch., ii, t. 181, f. 1745 and 1747. = C. sulcatus, Hwass. Couderti (Conus), Bernard!. Jour. Conch., t. 8, pi. 4, f. 314, 1860, .... ... .24 Coxeni (Conus), Brazier. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1875, p. 34, pi. iv, f. 10, 30 Crassus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 203, fs. 254, 255. == C. tessellatus, Born, var. . . . . . .11 Crebrisulcatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 173, fig. 321, 83 Crenulatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 355, pi. cix, f. 1. = C. armiger, Crosse, 75 Crepusculum (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 178. = C. lividus, Hwass, var. ...... 45 Cretaceus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. xcix, f. 1. = C. verrucosus, Hwass, 78 Creteus ( Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 203, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Crocatus (Conus), Lam. Anim. sans Yert., vii, p. 503, . 92 Crosseanus (Conus), Bernard!. Jour. Conch., 1861, p. 168, pi. vi, f. 3 and 4. Jour. Conch., 336, 1874. Jour. Conch., 168, t. 3, f. 3, 1878. = C. marmoreus, Linn., var. . . 8 Crotchii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. vi, f. 254, 15 CryptoconUs, Koenen, 1867. = Conorbis, Swains. Cucullus, Bolt. Mus., 1798. = Conus, Linn. Cumingii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. viii, f. 277. = C. virgatus, Reeve, var. ...... 35 Cumingii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Supp., pi. iii, f. 282. ?== C. vittatus, Lam .43 Cuneatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, pi. 15, f. 5, p. 146. = C. acuminatus, Hwass, var. . . .31 Cuneiformis (Conus), Smith. Quart. Jour. Conch., i, p. 202, 1876, 13 Cuneolus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. 3ool. Soc., 1813, p. 173, . 55 Cuvieri (Conus), Crosse. Obs. sur le genre Cone, 12. = C. cervus, Lam., var. ....... 87 Cyanostoma (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 116, 14 Cylinder, Montfort, Conch. Syst. ii, 390, 1810, . . . 88 104 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Cvlindraceus (Conus), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., v, p. "51, t. 40, f. 5, 83 Cylindrella, Swainson. Malacol., 311, 1840, . . .71 Dactylosus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. xcvii, f. 2. = C. clavus, Linn., var. ....... 81 Dalli (Conus), Stearns. Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S., v, p. 78, pi. l,f- 1, 91 Danielli (Conus), Crosse. Guerin's Mag., 205, 1858. = C. pictus, Reeve, 68 Daphne (Conus), Boivin. Jour, de Conch., 1864, pi. i, f. 7-8. = C. conspersus, Reeve, var. ...... 58 Daucus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 651, . 48 Daullei (Conus), Crosse. Rev. Zool., 1858, pi. 2, f. 2, p. 119. = C. consors> Sowb. ....... 52 Dealbatus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117. = C. Californicus, Hinds, .18 Deburghiae (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 7, f. 6, 7. = C. nocturnus, Hwass, var. ...... 8 Decrepitus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 265, pi. xcix, f. 4. = C. cocceus, Reeve, ....... 70 Delessertianus (Conus), Recluz. Mag. de Zool., 1843, pi. 72, 33 Dendroconus, Swainson. Malacol., 311, 1840, . . .16 Deshayesii (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 168. = C cervus, Lam., var. ....... 87 Desidiosus, (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 119. = C. mercator, Linn., var. . . . . ' . .55 Diadema (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 19. = C. brunneus, Gray, 28 Dianthus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 118, pi. T,f.4, .... 27 "Dibaphus, Philippi. = Mitridae, Manual, iv, p. 109. Dilectus (Conus), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., iii, p. 172 ; Moll. Wilkes Exped., 287, f. 367, .... 67 Dilwynii (Conus), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 1843. == C. Erythraeensis, Beck. Discrepans (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., fig. 28. = C. rhododendron, Couth 86 Dispar (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 57. = C. regularis, Sowb. ....... 37 Distans (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 634, 47 Dolium (Conus), Boivin. Jour, de Conch., 1864, 36, pi. i, f. 3-4. = C. spectrum, Linn., var. . . . . .57 D'Orbignyi (Conus), Audouin, . . . . .75, 77 Duplicatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Index. = C. Australis, Chemn. INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 105 Dupontii (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. Ixi, f. 2. = C. Africanus, Kiener, var. . . . . .84 Du Saveli (Conus), H. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, pi. 3, f. 17, p. 12. = C. circumcisus, Born, var. . . .87 Duvali (Conus), Born. Jour, de Conch., 1862, pi. 13, f. 3, p. 404. = C. pygmaeus, Reeve, ...... 62 Dux (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pi. 2, p. 732. = C. circumcisus, Born, 81 Eburneus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pi. 2, p. 640, 11 Echinulatns (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. cv, f. 2. = C. verrucosus, Hwass, ...... 78 Edentulus (Conus), Reeve. = Dibaphus Philippii. Crosse, vol. iv, p. 109. Elisse (Conus), Kiener. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 44, f. 1-la, . 92 Elisae (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 3306. = C. pennaceus, Born. Elongatus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, t, 144, fig. a, f. J. K 68 Elongatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 170. = C. oblitus, Reeve, ..'..... 46 Elventinus (Conus), Duel. Mag. de Zool., 1833, pi. 19. ? = C. verrucosus, Hwass, ...... 78 Emaciatus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. v, f. 248, 44 Emargiriatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, . 37 Encaustus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 54, pi. xiv, f. 2, . 21 Epaphus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 203, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Epaticus (Conus), Renier. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 203, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Episcopus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 748. = C. omaria, Hwass, 93 Epistomioides (Conus), Weink. Chemn., Ed. Nouv., pi. 57, f. 6, 7. = C. magus, Linn., var. . . • . . 54 Epistomium (Conus), Meusch. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. vexillum, Gmel. Epistomium (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 174. = C. magus, Linn., var. ...... 53 Eques (Conus), Brug. Diet., 97. = C. catus, Hwass, . 63 Ermineus (Conus), Born. Index Mus. COBS. = C. lithoglyphus, Meusch. Erosus (Conus), Renier. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 203, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Erythrseensis (Conus), Beck. Lam., Edit, ii, xi, 141, . 62' Eudoxus (Conus), Melvill. = C. marchionatus, Hinds, var. 10 Euetrios (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 120, pi. v, f. 6. = C. textile, var., Linn 90 106 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Evelynae (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 117, pi. v, f. 2, .46 Exaratus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 171, . 74 Excavatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. Suppl., 411, f. 616. = C. coffea, Gm 42 Exiguus (Conus), Lam. Ann. Mus., No. 43. ? = C. varius, L., young. Eximius (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. vi, f. 256. = C. fulgurans, Hwass (juv.), . . ... 32 Fabula (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 5. = C. scabriusculus, Chemn. . . . . . .80 Fasciatus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 119. = C. bifasciatus, Sow .32 Fasciatus (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., p. 311, pi. cix, f. 2. = C. lignarius, var. ........ 51 Fasciatus (Conus), Mart. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 20, f. 487- 489. = C. ochroleucus, Gmelin. Fenellus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, f. 1782, 1783. = C. magus, Linn. . , 53 Fenestrata (Oliva), Martyn. Univ. Conch. = C. (Conus) tendineus, Hwass. Fergusoni (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1875, pi. 15, f. 1, p. 145, 15 Ferrugatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 19, 1834. = C. cingulatus, var., Lam. Ferruginous (Conus), var., Brug. Reeve, Icon. = C. planorbis, Born. Festivus (Conus), Chemn. xi, f. 1770, 1771. = C. pertusus, Hwass, 54 Figulinus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm.), p. 3384, . . 16 Filamentosus (Conus), Reeve. Conch., Ic., pi. vi, Suppl., f. 260, 82 Flammeus (Conus), Lam. Edit. Desh., xi, 76, . . . 12 Flavescens (Conus), Gray. Sowb., Conch. 111., f. 68, . . 36 Flavidus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 468, . .44 Floccatus (Conus), var. Kiener, t. 106, f. 3. = C. Julii, Lienard. Floccatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 112, . . . 86 Floridanus (Conus), Gabb. A. J. C., vol. iv, p. 195, pi. 15, f. 4, 1868, 38 Floridensis (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, pi. 22, f. 11. == C. Floridanus, Gabb, . . .38 Floridulus (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Moll. Voy. Sam., p. 18, pi. 5, f. 9. = C. voluminalis, Hinds, var. . . .35 Floridus (Conns), Sowb. Thes. Conch., Sp. 345, x. = C. tulipa, Linn , 88 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 107 Fluctifer (Conus), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 1, 382. = C. Prometheus, Hwass. Fortis (Conus), Renter. Crosse. Guerin's Mag., 204, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Franciscanus (Monachus), Chemn. Conch., ii, pi. 142, f. 1319, 1320. = Conus cinereus, Hwass. Franciscanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 698. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, . . . . 66 Frauenfeldi (Conus), Crosse. Jour.de Conch., 1865, pi. 10, f. 1, la. = C. magus, Linn., var. . . . . .53 Frigidus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic.,i,Supp.,pl. iii, f. 284, 14 Fucatus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. vii, f. 271, 69 Fulgetrum (Conus), Sowb. Conch. III., fig. 32, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1841. = C. miliaris, Hwass, . . . . .22 Fulgurans (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 687, . . ' . .32 Fulmen (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, . . 65 Fumigatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pi. 2, p. 704. = C. coftea, Gmel. Fulmineus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3388. ? = C. fulgurans, Hwass. Fulvocinctus (Conus), Crosse. Jour. Conch., 1872, p. 214; 1873, p. 248, pi. xi, f. 5, 52 Furvus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. = C. lignarius, var. . . . . . . . .51 Fuscatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 446. = C. imperialis, Linn., var. ...... 9 Fusifofmis (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., Edit. Desh., xi, 92, 93 Fusiibrmis (Conus), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 398. = C. parvus, Pease. A. J. C., iv, p. 126, 1868, . . 85 Fustigatus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., t. 320, f. 1. = C. pulicarius, Hwass, ....... 19 Fusus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3390. = C. granulatus, Linn. ....... 82 Gabrieli (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv.,p. 315, pi. Ixxiv, f. 4. = C. cinereus, Hwass, 58 Geminus (Conus), Bolt. Mus. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. taeniatus, Hwass. Gemmnlatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 257, pi. xxii, f. 8. = C. Orbignyi, And 75 Generalis (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1166, , . .34 Genuanus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmelin.), p. 3381, . 15 Geographus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit, xii, 1172, . 88 Geographus, var. (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 26. = C. violaceus, Reeve. 108 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Gilvus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic: Suppl., pi. vi, f. 255. = C. caffer, Krauss, ........ 68 Gladiator (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, . . -3S 2 Glans (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 725, . 79 Glaucus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmel. Ed.), p. 3382, . 16 Gloria-maris (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 752, t. 347, f. 7. 89 Gloynei (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 637, pi. Ivi, f. 5, 44 Gosavia, Stoliczka. Sitz. Wien. Ac., Hi, 1865. = Volutidse, Manual, iv, 78. Gracilis (Conus), Mawe. Sowb., Thes. Conch. Index. = C. Timorensis, Hwass 75 Gracilis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Index. = ,C. australis, Chemn. Gracilis (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1875, p. 125, pi. xxiv, f. 6. = C. acnleiformis, Reeve. Gradatulus (Conus\ Weinkauff. Kiister, 356, t. 66, f. 5, 38, 94 Gradatus (Conus), Gray. MSS., Brit. Mus., Sowb., Thes. Index. = C. scalaris, Yal. Granarius (Conus), Kien. Coq., viv., p. 215, pi. xcviii, f. 1. = C. archon, Brod., var 27 Grandis (Conus), Sowb. Index, Thes. Conch. = C. spurius, Gm. Granifer (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. vii, f. 272, . 74 Granulatus (Conus, Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit, xii, 1270, . 81 Granulosus (Conus), Bolt. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. varius, Linn. Grayi (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179, .84 Griseus (Conus », Kien. Coq. viv., p. 114, pi. Ixiii, f. 2. = C. ambiguus, Reeve, ....... 13 Gross! (Conus), Marav. Atti della Soc. Ital. des Sc. Nat. = C. Mediterranean, Hwass. Gruneri (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 175. = C. literatus, Linn. ........ 10 Gubbse (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. civ, f. 1. = C. radiatus, Gmel., var. . . . . . .60 Gubernator (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 727, pi. 340, f. 4-6, . . .86 Guestieri (Conus), Lorois. Jour. Conch., 1860, t.viii, pi. 12, f. 5, p. 329, .35 Guinaicus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., 1, pt. 2, p. 697, 65 Guttatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 259, pi. cv, f. 4. = C. Africanus, Kiener, ....... 84 Hamilli (Conus). Crosse. Guerin's Mag. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. Erythraeensis, Beck. INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 109 Hanleyi (Corius\ Sowb. Thes. Conch., 160, figs. 399, 400. = C. puncticulatus, Hwass, . . . . . .62 Hebraeus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, p. 715, . . 20 Henoquei (Conus), Bernard!. Jour. Conch., 1860, viii, pi. 13, f. 4, p. 380. ?. == C. vittatus, var., Orion, . . 43 Hepaticus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 9*7, f. 3, . . 47 Herillus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Hermes, Monttbrt. Conch. Syst., ii, 398, 1810. = Genus of Conidse, H. and A. Adams, . . . 71, 79 Hieroglyphicus (Conus), Duel. Mag. de Zool., 1833, pi. 23, 85 Hieroglyphicus, var. (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 103, f. 3. = C. lugubris, Reeve. Hwassii (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 118. = C. varius, Linn. ........ 25 Hyaena (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 656, pi. 327, f. 5 and 7, 65 Hyaena (Conus), Reeve. Icon. Suppl., 275. = C. mutabilis, Chemn. ....... 40 Hyaena (Conus), Reeve (not Hwass). Conch. Icon., f. 133. = C. punctatus, Chemn. Hybridus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 256, pi. Ixxxiii, f. 1. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, ...... 66 Ignobilis (Conus), Oliv. Zool. Adriat., 133. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Imperialis (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm)., p. 3374, . 9 Insequalis (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., vii, f. 270. = C. corallinus, Kien., var. . . . . . .67 Incariatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 174. = C. coffea, Gm 42 Incurvus (Conus), Kien. Iconog., t. 97, f. 4. = C. regularis, Brod. 37 Indicus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, f. 1295. = C. magus, Linn. ........ 53 Induratus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. vii, f. 268. = C. Erythraeensis, Beck, 62 Inflatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. 71, f. 3. = C. Lamarcki, Kien. ....... 57 Inflatus (Conns), Sowb. Conch. 111., fig. 41. . ?= C. conspersus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 463, 464, . 58 Informis (Conus , Dillw. Desc. Cat., i, 431. ? = C. simplex, Sowb. ....... 54 Informis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., pt. ii, p. 699. Unidentified. Informis (Conus), Reeve (not Hwass). Conch. Icon., f. 24. = C. simplex, Sowb. 110 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Infrenatus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, Suppl.,pl. Hi, f. 285. 56 Innexus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 118. = C. censors, Sowb. ....... 52 Inquinatus, Reeve. Conch. Ic. SuppL, v, f. 251. = C. pertusus, Hwass, . . . . . . .54 Inscriptus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 171, 61 Insculptus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 99, f. 2. = C. aculeiformis, Reeve, 75 Insignis (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 17. = C. acuminatus, Hwass. ...... 31 Insularis (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat, 3389, . . 93 Intermedius (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 169. = C. geographus, Linn., var. Mappa, 88 Interruptus (Conus), Brod. and Sowb. Zoo. Jour., iv, p. 379, 1829, 63 Interruptus (Conus), Mawe. Conch., 1828. == C. varius, Linn 25 lodostoma (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 170, 60 Irregularis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 418, 419. = C. olivaceus, Kien,, var. ...... 56 Istriensis (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Jamaicensis (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., t. 343, f. 7. ? = var. C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, 66 Janus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i,pt. 2, p. 670, pi. 336, f. 5, 6, . . ... 61 Japonicus (Conus), Brug. Encyc. Meth., t. 330, f. 3. ? = C. Largillierti, Kiener. Japonicus (Conus), Brug. Sowb., Thes. Conch., 110. = C. Largillierti, Kiener, 36 Jaspideus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 55, f. 2. = C. pictus, Reeve, ....... 68 Jaspideus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3387, ... 93 Jaspis (Conus), Salis. Reise, 363. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Jickelii (Conus), Weink. Kiister, 206, t. 32, f. 11, 12, . 61 Jukesii ( Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, Suppl., pi. ii, fig. 278. = C. anemone, Lam. 70 Julii (Conus), Lienard. Jour, de Conch., 1870, p. 304 ; 1871, pi. l,f. 6, 87 Keatii (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 298, fig. 479. = C. inscriptus, Reeve, ....... 61 Kieneri (Conus), Crosse. Guerin's Mag., 204, 1858. = C. cocceus, Reeve. Kieneri (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. ix, Sup., f. 282, . 71 Kobelti (Conus) Lobbecke. Jahr. Deutsch. Mai. p. 189, t. 4, f. 4, 5, 1882, . OF THE INDEX AND SYNONYMY. V HI V Lachrymosus (Conus \ Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., vi, f. 258', 69 Lacinulatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 312, pi. cviii, f. 2. = C. lithoglyphus, Meusch. . . ... 49 Lacteus (Conus), Lamk. An. sans Vert.,vii, 481. = C. spectrum, Linn., var. Lacteus (Conus), Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch , f. 473. = C. radiatus, Gmel. Lacteus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. = C. spectrum, Linn. . . . . . . .51 Lsetus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3391. = C. grannlatus, Linn. Lsevigatus (Conus), pars., Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 207. = C. vexillum, Gmel. ....... 39 Lsevigatns (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 149, 150. = C. nemocanus, Hwass, ....... 39 Lsevis (Conus), Crosse. Guerin's Mag. Zool., 205, 1858. For C. Isevigatus, Sowb., not Defrance (fossil). Laevis (Conus), Mart. Conch. Cab., ii, t. 52, f. 572. = C. tendineus, Hwnss. Lamarckii (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 240, pi. Ixxxiii. f. 4, 56 Lamberti (Conns), Sowb. Jour, de Conch., 1877, p. 71, pi. i, f. 1 and pi. ii, f. 7, ........ 28 Lamellosus (Conus), Brug. Diet., No. 36, . . . .93 Lapidus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab. = Conus zonatus, Hwass. Largilliertii (Conus), Kien. Icon. Coq. viv., pi. 98, f. 3, . 36 Laterculatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc^ 1870, p. 255, pi. xxii, f. 3. = C. australis, Chemn. . . . 73 Latifasciatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 304, fig. 485. = C. Kieneri, Reeve, . . . . . . .71 Lautus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179, . 68 Legatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 523. = C. canonicus, Hwass, var. ...... 90 Lemniscatus ( Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. v, f. 246, 36 Lentiginosus (Conus), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 1843. = C. emarginatus, Reeve, var. ...... 37 Leoninus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 683, pi. 334, f. 5, 6. '= C. Proteus, Hwass, . . 12 Leoninus minutus (Conus), Chemn. Weinkauff, Cat. No. 212. = C. Erythraeensis, Beck. Leopardus (Conus), Dillw. Desc. Cat., i, 364. = C. Sumatrensis, Hwass. Leopardus (Conus), Meusch. Sowb., Thes. Conch. Index, . 93 112 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Leo scandens (Conus), Chemn. Conch., x, pi. 140, f. 1300. ? = C. inscriptus, Reeve. Leptoconus, Swainson. Malacol, 312, 1840. =• Genus of Conidse, H. and A. Adams, . . .25, 29 Leucostictus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3388, ... 25 Leucostictus (Conus), Gmelin. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 206, 1858. = C. nebulosus, Sol 28 Lictor (Conus), Boivin. Jour, de Conch., 1864, 36, pi. i, figs. 1 and 2. = C. spectrum, Linn., var. . . .51 Lienardi (Conus), Crosse and Berdardi. Jour. Conch., ix, p. 49, pi. i, f. 2, 1861,. .... 60 Lignarius (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, . . SS5 Lineatus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, pi. 138, f. 1285, 50 Lineolatus (Conus), Valen. Voy. Humboldt, Zool., 337. = C. princeps, Linn. ....... 29 Liratus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 181. = C. plumbeus, Reeve, . . . . . . .26 Lischkeanus(Conus),Weink. Chemn. Ed. Nouv.,pl.36,f. 2,3, 41 Listeri (Conus), Renier. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Literatus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm.), p. 3375, . . 10 Lithoconus, Morch. Yoldi, Cat., 66, 1853, ... 10, 43 Lithoglyphus (Conus), Meuschen. Enc. Meth. ver., i, p. 2, p. 692, 48 Lividus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, 60, t. 183, f. 1776, 1777. = C. cinereus, Hwass. Lividus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 630, . 45 Lividus (Conus), var. Sowb. Reeve, Icon., sp. 286. = C. mus, Hwass, var. roseus. Lizardensis (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, pi. 9, f. 5. = C. Bofneensis, Ad. and Reeve, . . . .18 Loebbeckeanus (Conus), Weink. Chemn. Ed. Nouv., pi. 36, f. 3, 4. = C. Chenui, Crosse, 50 Lombei (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 637, pi. Ivi, f. 6, ....... 44 Longurionis (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., p. 308, pi. xcii, f. 6. = C. aculeiformis, Reeve, ....... 75 Lorenzianus (Conus), Chemnitz. Conch. Cab., f. 1754, 1755 ; Sowerby, Thes. Conch., f. 430, . . ... 35 Lorenzianus (Conus), Chemn. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., f. 217. = C. flammeus, Lam 12, 94 Lorenzianus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 152. = C. virgatus, Reeve, 35 Loroisi (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 91, pi. Ixv, f. 1. = C. figulinus, Linn., var. . . . . . .16 Loveni (Conus), Krauss. Siidafrikan. Moll., p. 131, t. vi, f. 25. = C. Lamarcki, Kien '56 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 113 Lubeckianus (Conus), Bernard!. Jour. Conch., t. ix, p. 169. = C. Magellanicus, Hwass, var. . . . . .27 Lucidus (Conus), Mawe. Conch., 90, 91 Luctiferus (Conus), Reeve. Weinkauff, Cat. No. 88. = C. luctificus, Reeve, ....... 31 Luctificus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, Supp., pi. ii, f. 280, 31 Lugubris (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Supp., pi. ix, f. 279, 85 Luridus (Conns), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 118. =^ C. olivaceus, Kiener, ....... 56 Luteus (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, . . .79 Luteus (Conus), Quoy. Voy. Astrol., t. 53, f. 23, 24, . 94 Luzonicus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., fig. 91. = C. purpurascens, Brod. ....... 65 Lynceus (Conus), Solander. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 469. = C. nisus, Chemn. Macarae (Conus), Bernard!. Jour. Conch., t. vi, pi. ii, f. 2, p. 56, 1857, .... .34 Macei (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, pi. 10, f. 5, 61 Macleayanus (Conus), F. Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1876, p. 134. = C. rutilus, Menke, . . . 24 Maculatus (Conus), Sowb. Weinkauff, Cat. No. 245. = C. anemone, Lam. ....... 70 Maculiferus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 23, ... 21 Maculosus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 3. = C. anemone, Lam. Madagascariensis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., fig. 582, No. 371. = C. textile, Linn., var 90 Madurensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 709, . . 66 Magdalsenae (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv.,293, t. 169, f. 4. = C. floccatus, Sowb. ....... 87 Magellanicus (Conus), Hwass. Brug., Enc. Meth., Conus, No. 31, pi. 322, f. 3, . . 26 Magnificus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. = C. omaria, Hwass. ....... 93 Magus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1171, . . .53 Mahogani (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 169. = &. interruptus, Brod. . . . . . . . 63 Malaccanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 645, pi. 325, . 33 Maldivus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 644, 34 Maltzanianus (Conus), Weink. Chemn., Ed. Nouv., pi. 32, f. 3-6. = C. flavidus, Lam. . .... 44 Mamillaris (Conus), Green. Trans. Albany Inst., i, p. 123, pi. 3, f. 5-6, . . 94 8 114 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Mappa (Conns), Crosse. Guerin's Mag. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. geographus, Linn., var. ...... 88 Marchionatus (Conns), Hinds. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1843, p. 256, 9 Marmorata (Papyrus), Chemn. Reeve, Icon. Conus, f. 58. = Conns varius, Linn. Marmoreus (Conns), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmelin), 3374, . 1 Martinianns (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, No. 217. = C. radiatus, Gm. ...... % 60 Masoni (Conus), G. and H. Nevill. Jonr. As. Soc. Beng.* (N.S.),xliii, pt. 2, p. 22, 1874. ? = C. characteristicus, Chemn. ... .13 Mauritianus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth., pi. 330, f. 9. = C. puncticulatns, Hwass. Mauritianus (Conus), Lam. Kiener, Iconog., t. 69, f. 2. ? = C. puncticulatus, Hwass. Maurus (Conus), Gray. App. King's Australia, 486, 1827, 94 Mazei (Conus), Desh. Jonr. Conch., 1874, p. 54, pi. 1, f. 1, 39 Mediterraneus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 701, . . . .66 Melvilli (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc,, 1878, p. 795, pi. xlviii,f. 1, 71 Melancholicus (Conus), Lam. An- s.Yert., vii, p. 513, . 86 Memnonitarum coronatus (Conus) Chemn. Conch. Cab. = C. distans, Hwass. Mercator (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit, xii, 1169, . 55 Mesokatharos, Melvill. = C. arenatus, var. . . .18 Metcalfei (Conus), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 173, pi, xxvi, f. 13. = C. Angasi, Try on, . . . .63 Metcalfei (Conus >, Reeve. Proc. Zopl. Soc., 1843, p. 171. === C. magus, Linn., var. 53 Mighelsi (Conns), Kien. Icon. Coq. viv., pi. ciii, f. 1. = C. musicus, Hwass, .... 11 Miles (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat, p. 1167, ... 40 Miliaris (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 629, 21 Millepunctatus (Conns), Chemn. Crosse, Mag. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. puncticulatus, Hwass. Millepunetatus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 461. = C. literatus. Linn., var. 10 Mindanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. ii, p. 711. = C. verrucosus, Hwass, ....... 78 Minimus (Conus , Auct., not Linn. = C. miliaris, Hwass, 22 Minimus (Conns), Gm. (non Linn.). Syst. Nat., p. 3382. = C. achatinus, Chemn. Minutus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179, . 37 Mirmillo (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, pi. 9,f. 2. = C. flavidus, Lam 44 Miser (Conus), Boivin. Jour, de Conch., xii, 39, t. l,f. 9, 1864, 55 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 115 Mitratus (Conns), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. ii, p. 632, 83 Modestus (Conns ), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 19. = C. fulmen, Jleeve, . . . . . . . . £5 Molluccensis (Conus), Chemn. Conch., xi, pi. 183, f. 1780, 1181, .... 26 Monachus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat , ii, p. 1168, . . 64 Monile (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 646, . 34 Monilifer (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 53, 1833. = C. interruptus, Brod 63 Monstrosus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., 1290, 1291. = C. araneosus, Hwass, Monstr. Moreleti (Conus), Crosse. Rev. Zool., 205, 1858. = C. oblitus, Reeve, . 46 Moussoni (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xiii, 1865, p. 299, pi. x, f. 3, . . 46 Mozambicus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 696. = C elongata, Chemn 68 Mucronatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 172, 12 Multicatenatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 519, pi. xxxii, f. 10, 11. = C. aplustre, Reeve, . . 68 Multilineatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1875, p. 126, pi. xxiv, f. 5, 52 Muriculatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 1, . .26 Mus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 630, . 19 Muscosus (Conus), Lam. Edit. Desh., xi, 79. = C. characteristicus, Chemn. ...... 13 Musicus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 629, 11 Musivus (Conus), Brod. Zool. Proc., No. 54, 1833. = C. legatus, Lam. Mustelinus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 654, pi. 327, f. 6. = C. capitaneus, var. Hwass, . 40 Mutabilis (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, p. 52, pi. 182, f. 175S, 1759, . .40 Nanus (Conus), Brod, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 53. = C. Ceylonensis, Hwass, var. ...... 24 Narcissus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 492, . . 48 Natalis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 267, figs. 292, 293, . 55 Nebulosus (Conus), Solander. Brug., Enc. Meth. vers., ii, pt. i, p. 607, . . .28 Neglectus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117. = C. purpurascens, Brod. ....... 64 Neglectus (Conus), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 398; Am. Jour. Conch., v. 87. = C. Peasei, Brazier, . . 44 Nemocanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 712. = C. Sumatrensis, Hwass, var, . . . .39 116 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Neptunoides (Conus), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, p, 479, pi. xlviii, f. 2, 72 Neptunus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 133, t. 99, f. 5. = C. Schech, Jick., Jahr. Mai. Ges., 2, p. 46, . . . 31 Neptunus (Conns), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 13, . 72 Nicobaricus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers.,i, pt. 2, p. 612. = C. araneosus, Hwass, var. ..... 9 Niger (Conus), Jay. Catalogue 100, 1839, . , . .93 Nigrescens (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., Suppl., 413, f. 618 ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1859, p. 429, pi. xlix, fig. 2. = C. marmoreus, Linn. Nigropunctatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 333, f. 342. = C. catus. Hwass, var 64 Nimbosus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 732, 82 Nisus (Conus), Chenm. Conch. Cab., xi, f. 1784, 5, . .59 Nisus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 59, f. 4 (notChemn.). = C. Kieneri, Reeve, Nitidus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 180, . 67 Niveus (Conus), Gm. Syst. Nat., 3392. = C. marmoreus, Linn. Nivifer (Conus), Brod. Zool. Proc., 1833. = C. venulatus, Hwass, var. . . . . . .15 Nivosus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., xi, 73. = C. venulatus, Hwass, 14 Nobilis ( Conus), Linn. (Gmelin) Syst. Nat., 3381, . . 30 Nocturnus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 611, 8 Noditerus (Conns), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 228, pi. c, f. 4. = C. verrucosus, Hwnss, 78 Nodulosus (Conus ', Sowb. Thes. Conch. Supp., 429, f. 635, 31 Noumeensis, var. (Conus), Crosse. Jour. Conch., 1872, p. 155. = C. suffusus, var., Sowb. . . . . .29 Novse-Hollandise (Conns), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 119. = C. anemone, Lam. 70 Nubecula (Conus;, Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3396. Unrecognized. Nubecula, Klein. Ostrac., 76, 1753, ... .85 Nucleus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, pi. iii, Supp.,f. 280, 79 Nussatella (Conns), Linn. Syst. Nat., 1170, . . .80 Nux (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833. = C. Ceylonensis, Hwass. ...... 23 Obesus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth vers., i, pt. 2, p. 623, 18 Oblitus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., Crit. Anal., 1749, 45 Obscurus (Conus), Humph. Mss. Reeve, Icon, sp., 82. = C. violaceus, Reeve, ....... 88 Obtusus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 317, pi. cix, f. 3. = C. Africanus, Kiener, 84 Ocellatus (Conns), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3387, ... 94 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 117 Ochraceus (Conus), Gmelin. Weinkauff, Cat. Conus, No. 203. = C. ochroleucus, Gmelin. Ochraceus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., Edit. Desh., xi, 67. = C. Proteus (discolored), Hwass, . . . .12 Ochroleucus (Cocus), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3391, . . 60 Oculatus (Conus), Gm. Syst. Nat., 3387, . . . .48 Olivaceus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 359, pi. cxi, f. 3. = C. Taslei, Kien 55 Olivaceus (Conus), Salis. Reise, 863. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Oltmansianus (Conus), Van Lennep. Cat. Conus, 1876. = C. gradatulus, Weinkauff. Omaicus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 714, pi. 339, f. 3, . . 16 Omaria (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 743, 92 Optabilis (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 116, 38 Orbignyi (Conus), Audouin. Mag. de Zool., Moll., pi. 20, 1830; 75, 77 Orbitatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 170. = C. mucronatus, Reeve, var. ...... 73 Orion (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833. = C. vittatus, Lam., var 43 Orleanus (Conus), Bolt. Mus. = C. lithoglyphus, Meusch. Pagodus (Conus), Chemn. Le9ons Elem., pi. 12, f. 2. = C. cancellatus, Lam. Pallens (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Panniculus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert, vii, p. 521. = C. abbas, Hwass, 92 Papalis (Conus), Weink. Cat. No. 280, . . .78 Papilionaceus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 665. = C. Proteus, Hwass, var. . . . . .12 Papillaris (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Yoy. of Samarang., Moll., p. 17, pi. v., f. 7 a-b, . 38 Papillosus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 72, f. 4. = C. puncticulatus, Hwass, 62 Parius (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 175. = C. radiatus, Gmel., var. ...... 60 Parvus (Conus), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, p. 126, 1868. = C. atramentosus. Reeve, 85 Pastinaca (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., pi. 26, f. 2 (non (Lain A = C. daucus, Hwass, . ... 48 Pastinaca (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 469 ; E. A. Smith, Zool. Proc., 731, 1878. ? = C. virgo, Linn. . 34 118 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Patricius (Conus), Hinds. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1843, p. 256. = C. pyriformis, Reeve, . . . . . . .It Paulinas (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 314, pi. cviii, f. 3. = C. characteristicus, Chemii 13 Pauluccise (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 752, pi. Ixxv, f. 3, 89 JPaupercnlns (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 78, . . 68 'Pazii (Conus), Bernard!. Jour. Conch., t. vi, pi. ii, f. 1-2. p. 385. = C. classiarius, Hwass, var. . . . .42 Pealii (Conus), Green. Trans. Alb. Inst.,i,p. 123, pi. 3, f. 3, 36 Peasei (Conus), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, 288. = C. flavidus, Lam., var 44 Pelagicus (Conus), Brocchi. Conch, foss., ii, 289, t. 2, f. 9. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Pellis-hysena (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab , xi, p. 49, pi. 181, f. 1750, 1751. = C. mutabilis, Chemn. Pellis-hysena (Conus), Reeve (not Chemnitz). Icon. Sp., 133. = C. punctatus, Chemn. Pennaceus (Conus), Born. Test. Mus. Caes., t. 7, f. 14, . 93 Peplum (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 1. 144 c. = C. araneosus, Hwass, . . . . . . .8 Perplexus ( Conus >, Sowb. Thes. Conch., 157, figs. 324, 325. = C. puncticulatus, Hwass, . . . . 62 Pertusus ( Conus\ Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 686, pi. 336, f. 2. . 54 Petrseus (Ammiralis), Chemn. Conch., x, pi. 140, f. 1298. = Conus lithoglyphus, Meuschen. Phasmoconus, Morch. Yoldi Cat., 70, 1852. = Chelyconus, Morch, . • . . -52 Phegeus (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Philippi (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 213, pi. xcviii, f. 2. — C. tornatus, Brod. ..... . 63 Philippii (Dibaphus •, Crosse. Rev. Zool., 1858, pi. 3, f. 1. = Mitridaa, vol. iv. Pica (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Mol. Toy. Sam., p. 18, pi. 5, f. 10. = C. spectrum, Linn. 57 Pictus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 169, . 68 Pigmentatus (Conus), Ad. and Reeve. Moll. Voy. Samar., p. 18, pi. 5, f. 11. ' = C. balteatus, Sow. . 21 Pionoconus, Morch. H. and A. Adams, Genera. = Chelyconus, Morch, ..... .52 Piperatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 175. = C. Erythraaensis, Beck. ...... 62 Planaxis (Conus), Desh. Moll. He Reunion, p. 134, pi. xiii, f. 11,12, . 10 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 119 Planicostatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., 1840. = C. Orbignyi. And 75 Planiliratus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 255, pi. xxii, f. 1, 713 Planorbis (Conns), Born. Test. Mus. Caes., t. 7, f. 13, . 50 Plumbeus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 178, 26 Politus (Conus), Bolten. Weinkauff, Conch. Cab., t. 64, f. 2, 3. = C. cinereus, Hwass, var. . . . .59 Polyglotta (Conus), A. Ad. (ubi?). Weinkauff, Cat. 13. = C. eburneus, Hwass, 11 Polyzonias (Conus), Gm. Syst. Nat., 3392. = C. planorbis, Born. Ponderosus (Conus), Beck. Sowb., Thes. Index. = C. quercinus, Hwass, ..... .17 Pontificalis (Conus), Lain. An. s. Vert, vii, p. 459, 24, 78 Portoricanus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 714. = C. testudinarius, Mart. . . . . .65 Prsecellens (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 119. = C. cancellatus, Lam 75 Prsefectus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 752. = C. ochroleucus, Gmelin. Prsefectus (Vigiliarum), Mart. Conch., ii, pi. 59, f. 655. = Conus centurio, Born. Pnelatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 746. = C. omaria, Hwass, ....... 93 Praetextus ( Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, Suppl., pi. ii, f. 277. = C. encaustus, Kien. . . . . . . .21 Pretiosus (Conns), Gr. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. (U. S.), xliii, pt. 2, p. 22, 71 Prevosti (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 636, pi. Ivi, f. 3, 91 Primula (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., vi, f. 259, . 46 Princeps (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1167, . . .29 Proarchithalassus (Conus), Born. Test. Mus. Cses. = C. marmoreus, var. bandanas, Hwass. Proarchithalassus (Conus), Morch. Sowb., Thes. Conch. Index. = C. prgelatus, Hwass. Prometheus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 667, 15 Proteus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 682, 12 Proximus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1859, p. 429, pi. xlix, f. 1. = C. Moluccensis, Chemn. . . .26 Pryntanis (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 117, pi. v, f. 1, . . . 46 Pseudomarmoreus (Conus), Desh. Jour. Conch., 1875, p. 223, pi. ix. f. 4. = C. marmoreus, Linn., var. ... 8 120 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Pseudo-Thomae (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 25, f. 1282, 1283. = C. Proteus, Hwass. Pulchellus (Conus), Sowb. (not Swain.). Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834. = C. varius, Linn 25 Pulchellus (Conus), Swains. Zool. 111., 1st ser., ii, pi. 65, . 49 Pulcher (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117, . 74 Pulicarius (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i,pt. 2, p. 622, 19 Punctatus (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, p. 36, pi. 139, f. 1294, . .20 Puncticulis, Swainson. Malacol., 311, 1840. = S. G. Conus, L., H. and A. Adams, . . . .18 Puncticulatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 704, .62 Puncturatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 635, 83 Pupaeformis (Conus), var. C. mitraeformis, Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 256, pi. xxii, f. 2. = C. mitratus, Hwass, . 83 Purpurascens (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 54, 64 Purus (Conus), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 279, . 94 Pusillus (Conus), Chemn. (non Lam.). Conch. Cab., ii, p. 65, pi. 183, f. 1788, 1789. = C. Ceylonensis, Hwass, var., 23 Pusillus (Conus), Gould. Otia Conch., 187 ; Bost. Jour., vi. = C. Ceylonensis. Hwass, ...... 23 Pusilla (Conus). Pease (olim.). Zool. Proc., 516, 1865. = C. parvus, Pease. Pusio (Conus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 499, . . .93 Pusio (Conus), Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 398. = C. puncticulatus, Hwass, ...... 62 PustulaUis (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. ci, f. 2. = C. puncticulatus, Hwass, 62 Pustulosus (Conus), Kien. Sowb., Thes., No. 79. = C. puncticulatus, Hwass. Pygmaeus (Conns \ Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 179. = C. puncticulatus, Hwass, 62 Pyramidalis (Conus), Kiener, t. 96, f. 2. == Yar. convolutus, Sowb. Pyramidalis (Conus), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 577, . 89 Pyriformis (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, pi. xiii, f. 70, 1843, 17 Pyrula (Conus), Brocchi. Conch, foss., ii, 289, t. 2, f. 8. =' C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Quadratomaculatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. Sup., 431, f. 637, 638. = C. Erythraaensis, Beck. Quaestor (Conus), Lam. Edit. Desh., xi, 79. = C. characteristics, Chemn. . . . . . .13 Quercinus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 681. = C. figulinus, L., var 17 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 121 Racemosus (Conus), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, pi. 59, f. 11, p. 721, . . .92 Radiatus (Conus), Chemn. Mss. Reeve, Icon. Sp., 203. = C. scalptus, Reeve. Radiatus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3386, ... 60 Ranunculus (Conus), Hwass. Enc}^. Meth., t. 331, f. 1. = C. achatinus, Chemn. Raphanus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., i, 722, t. 341, f. 2. = C. magus, Linn 53 Rarimaculatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 257, pi. xxii, f. 4. = C. Sieboldi, Reeve, . . .38 Rattus (Conus), Hwass. Diet., No. 89, . . . .41 Ravus (Conus), Gould. Otia. Conch., 187 ; Bost. Jour., vi. = C. Californicus, Hinds. Recluzianus (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., t. iv, p. 148, pi. 6, f. 6, 1853, .... .... 9 Reevei (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 115, pi. xliv, f. 2. = C. daucus, Hwass, 48 Reflectus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 754, pi. Ixxv, f. 6, 22 Regalitatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834. = C. purpurascens, Brod., var. 65 Regius (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 138, f. 1276. = C. princeps. Linn. ....... 29 Regularis (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 45, ... 37 Reticulatus (Conus), Martini. T. 56, f. 619, 620. = C. mercator, Linn. Reticulatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 86. = C. luciclus, Mawe. Retifer (Conus), Menke. Yezeichniss, 1443, . . .89 Rhizoconus, Morch. Yoldi Cat., 68, 1852. = S. G. Leptoconus,H. and A. Adams, . . 29, 39, 48 Rhododendron (Conus), Couth. Jay, Cat. Shells, 3d Ed., t. 7, f. 2, 3, 1839, 86 Rhombus, Montf. Conch. Syst., ii, 402, 1810. = Conus, Linn. . . . . ... . .7 Rivularis (Conns), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. vi, f. 261. = C. boeticus, Reeve, var. 26 Robillardi (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., t. vii, p. 182, pi. 7. = O. vexillum, Gmel 39 Rollandi (Conus), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., t. viii, p. 332, pi. 12, f. 4, 1860. = C. magus, Linn., var. . . .53 Rollus, Montfort. Conch. Syst., ii, 395, 1810. = Nubecula, Klein. Rosaceus (Conus), Chemn. xi, p. 52, t. 181, f. 1756, 1757, 56 Roseus (Conus), Kien. (not Lam.). Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 107, f. 4. = C. Kieneri, Reeve, ...... 71 122 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Rosens (Conus), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 458. = C. mus, Hwass, var. ....... 20 Roseo-tinctus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. Suppl., 405, f. 604. = C. rosaceus, Chemn. . . . . .56 Rossiteri (Conus >, Brazier. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 109, 69 Rubescens (Conus), Bonnet. Rev. Zool., 1864, p. 282, pi. 22, f. 6. = Yar. C. cannonicus, Hwass, . . .90 Rubiginosus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth., 744. = C. omaria, Hwass, ....... 93 Rudis (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 90, t. 144, . . 54 Ruppellii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, Suppl., pi. ii, f. 273. = C. classiarius, Hwass, juv. ...... 41 Rusticus (Conus), part. Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 3383. = C. cinereus, Hwass. Rusticus (Conus), Poli. Test. Sicil., iii, 8, t. 45, f. 3-6. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Rutilus (Conus), Menke. Moll. Nov. Holl., p. 27, No. 133, 24 Sagittatus ( Conus \ Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 518, pi. xxxii, f. 8, 9. = C. lemniscatus, Reeve, . . .36 Sanguineus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 356, pi. cxi, f. 2. = C. Archon, Brod. 27 Sanguinolentns (Conus), Quoy. Yoy. Astrol., iii, 90, t. 20, f. 18 ; t. 21, f. 4. = C. lividus, Hwass, .... 45 Sanguinolentus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. viii, f. 274. = C. virgatus, Reeve, var. . . 35 Sapphirostoma (Conus >, Weinkauff. Cat. No. 207. = C. Erythraeensis, Beck, . . . . . .62 Scaber (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., p. 351, pi. c, f. 1. = C. mili;iris, Hwass, 22 Scabriusculus (Conus), Chenln Conch., xi, t. clxxxii, f. 1768-9, . . . . . . . . . .80 Scalaris (Conus), Yalenc. Humb et Bonpl. Reise, 338, . 35 Scalaris (Conus), Yal. Kiener, Iconog. = C. arcuatus, Brod. 76 Scalptus (Conus), Reeve. Proc., Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 172, 18 Scheck (Conus ^,Jickeli. Jahrb. Mai. GeselL, ii, 46, . . 31 Scitulus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Sup., pi. ix, f. 283. = C. pictus, Reeve, .... ... 68 Scriptus ( Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 357, fig. 563. = C. textile, Linn 90 Secutor (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, 303, pi. 9, f. 33. = C. caffer, Krauss, 68 .Selectus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1855, p. 121, . 38 Semistriatus (Conus), Sowb. Weink. Cat., No. 60. = C. semisulcatus, Sowb. INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 123 Semisulcatus (Conns), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 257, pi. xxii, f. 13, . .79 Semivelatus (Conns), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 118, pi. v, f. 3, . . .41 Senator (Conns), Kien., Reeve, etc., not Linn. = C. planorbis, Born, 50 Senator Conns), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1168. Undetermined. Seychellensis (Conns), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. (n. s.), xliii, pt. 2, p. 22. 1874, ... .49 Siamensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 662, = C. Proteus, Hwass, var. ...... 12 Sieboldii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., i, f. 269, 1848, 38 Signifer (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, 308, pi. 10, f. 6. = C. rosaceus, Chemn., var. . . . .56 Simplex (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., sp. 269, f. 199, . 54 Sindon (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 175, . 54 Sinensis (Conus), Kiener. Iconog., 143, t. 71, f. 1. = C. cingulatus, Larn. Sinensis (Conus), G-mel. Syst. Nat., 3394, . . . .93 Sinensis (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 56. = C. Sowerbyi, Reeve, . . . . . . .76 Smithi (Conus), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 36, pi. v, f. 8, 24 Solandri (Conus), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., v, p. 50, t. 40, f. 4. = C. coccineus, Gm 82 Solidus (Conus), Chemn. Sowb., Thes. Conch. Index, = C. nebulosus, Sol 28 Solidus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 76. = C. retifer, Menke. Sophias (Conus), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., vol. i,l>.7, 94 Sowerbyi (Conus \ Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 77 a, emend. = C. undatus, Kien. ........ 76 SpecioSus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 51, fig. 138, . 24 Speciosissirnus (Conns), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, Suppl., pi. 11, f. 274. = C. Magellanicus, Hwass, var. . . .27 Spectabilis (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117. = C. tenellus, Chemn 81 Spectrum (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gmel.), p. 3395, . 57 Spectrum album (Conus), Chemn. Con. Cab., x, pi. 140, f. 1304. = C. radiatus, Gmel., var., parius. Spectrum Sumatrse (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 91, t. 144. = C. pica, Ad. and Reeve. Sphacelatus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. 111., f. 51. = C. hebraeus, Linn., var. ....... 20 Spiculum (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., vii, f. 266, . 32 124 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Spiroglossus (Conus), Desh. Moll. He Reunion, p. 135, pi. xiii, f. 13, 14. = C. generalis, Linn 34 Splendidulus (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Ill.,f. 53. = C. classiarius, Hwass, ....... 41 Sponsalis (Conus), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, pi. 182, f. 1766, 1767. = C. Ceylonensis, Hwass, var 23 Spurius (Conus), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3396. = C. Proteus, Hwass, 12 Staintbrthii (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, pi. 1, f. 1. = C. Moluccensis, Chemn. ...... 26 Stearnsii (Conus), Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., v, p. 104, pi. 10, f. 1,1870. = C. Pealii, Green, . . 36 Stellatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 225, pi. xcix, f. 3. = C. omaria, Hwass, ....... 93 Stephanoconus, Morch. Yoldi Cat., 65, 1852, . . .25 Stercus-muscarum (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat. (Gm.), p. 3385, 19 Stercutius (Conus), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Sticticus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 117. = C. verrucosus, Hwass, 78 Stigmaticus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 119. == C. nisus, Chemn. 59 Stillatus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., v, f. 247. = C. conspersus, Reeve, ....... 58 Stramineus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 481. = C. nisus, Chemn 59 Straturatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Suppl. 408, fs. 609-610 ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 518, pi. xxxii, f. 14. = C. cinereus, Hwass, var. . . . . .58 Striatum (Textile), Chemn. Conch., x, pi. 141, f. 1311. = Conus retifer, Menke. Striatus (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit, xii, 1117, . . 85 Strigatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers.,i, pt. 2, p. 733, 73 Striolatus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 105, f. 1 ; Smith, Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 535. = C. magus, Linn. . . 53 Strombus, Adanson. Hist. Nat., Senegal, 82, 1757. = Conus, Linn. Subaequalis (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 257, pi. xxii, f. 5. = C. Sowerbyi, Reeve, . . . . 76 Subcarinatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 518, pi. xxxii, f. 12-13, . . .32 Submarginatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 255, pi. xxii, f. 6, 59 Substriatus (Conus), Link. Crosse, Rev. Zool., 206, 1858. = C. acuminatus, Hwass. Subulatus (Conus), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 70, f. 2, . . 71 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 125 Subulatus (Conus), Sowerby (not Kiener). Thes. Conch., f. 472. = C. spectrum, Linn. ...... 57 Succinctus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 118, 13^ Suffusus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 255, pi. xxii, f. 9, 29 Sugillatus (Conus), Reeve. Proe. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 177. = C. lividus, Hwass, var. ....... 45 Sulcatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., pt. 2, p. 618, . 73 Sulciferus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 116, 74 Sulphuratus (Kiener). Icon. Coq. viv., t. 66, f. 3. = C. mustelinus, Hwass, 41 Sulphureus (Conus), Kien. Sowb., Thes. Index. = C. mustelinus, Hwass. Sumatrae (Princeps), Chemn. = Conus Sumatrensis, Hwass. Sumatrensis (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 655, t. 327, f. 8, 39 Superscripts (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 753, pi. Ixxv, f. 4, 25 Superstriatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 328, f. 282, . 64 Suratensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers.,i,pt. 2, p. 669. = C. betulinus, Linn., var. . . . . . .16 Sutoreanus (Conus), Weink. Kiister's Conch. Cab., 311, t. 56, f. 5, 6, . . .49 Suturatus (Conus >, Kiener (not Reeve), Icon., t. 88, f. 1. = C. submarginatus, Sowb. Suturatus (Conns), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 178, 60 Tabidus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 177, . 46 Taeniatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 628, 23 Taheitensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 713. = C. rattus, Hwass, . . ... 41 Tamsianus (Conus), Duclos. Sowb., Thes. Index. ? = C. Tamsianus, Bunker. . Tamsianus (Conus), Dunk. Index Moll. Guinea Infer., p. 28, pi. iv, f. 22, 23. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass, var. . 66 Taslei i Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 360, pi. ex, f. 3, . . 56 Tasmania (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch. Sup., 430, f. 636. = C. magus, Linn., var. ....... 54 Tasmanicus (Conus), Tenison- Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1875, p. 139. = C. rutilus, Menke,. . . .24 Taylorianus (Conus), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, p. 480, pi. xlviii, f. 3, . .28 Tegulatus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 256, pi. xxii, f. 12, 34 Telatus Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pt. 1, f. 270. = C. textile, Linn., var. ....... 90 Tendineus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth., i, pt. 2, p. 733, . 80 126 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Tenellus (Conns), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, 64, t. 183, f. 1782, 1783, 81 Tennis (Conns), Sowb. Thes. Conch., iii, No. 14, f. 314. = C. mustelinus. Hwass, . . . . . .41 Tennistriatus (Conns), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 396, fs. 532, 533. = C. glans, Hwass, . . . . .79 Teauisulcatus (Conns), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 256, pi. xxii, f. 10, . . 77 Tenuisulcatus (Conns), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 145, t. 15, f. 2, 1873. = C. Ceylonensis, Hwass, var 23 Terebellum (Conns), Mart. Conch., ii, pi. 52, f. 577. = C. terebra, Born. Terebra (Conns), Born. Test. Mus. Cses., 145, . . .80 Terebra (Conns), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, 81, t. 143, f. 1329. = C. nussatella, Linn. Teres laevis (Conns), Martini. Con. Cab., ii, p. -233, pi. 53, f. 584. = C. radiatus, Gmel. ^Terminus (Conns), Kiener. Coq. viv., pi. 48, f. 1 d. = C. striatus, Linn 85 Terminus (Conns), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 505. = C. gubernator, Hwass, ....... 86 Tessellatus (Conns), Born. In Mus. Cses., p. 131, . . 11 Testudinarius (Conns), Martini. Con. Cab., ii, p. 250, pi. 55, f. 605, 65 Textile (Conns), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit..xii, 1171, . . 89 Textilia, Swainson. Malacol., 311, 1840, . . . .88 Textilinus (Conns), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 333, pi. ciii, f. 5. — C. abbas, var., panniculns, Lain. . . . . .87 Thalassiarchus (Conns), Gray. Sowb., Conch. Illust.,f. 80, 30 Theliconus, Swains. Malacol., 311, 1840. = Hermes, Montf. Thomse (Conns), Gm. Syst. Nat., 3394. = C. omaicus, Hwass, ....... 80 Thomasi (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 635, pi. Ivi, f. 4. = C. terebra, Born, var. Thuscus (Conns), Chiereg. Crosse, Guerin's Mag., 204, 1858. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Tiaratus (Conus), Brod. Zool. Proc., 1833. = C. miliaris, Hwass, 22 Tigrinub (Conus), Sowb, Thes. Conch., 355, fig. 569. = C. textile, Linn., var 90 Timorensis (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers.. i, pt. 2, p. 731, . '. . .61 Tinianus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 713. = C. bnllatus, Linn. ........ 56 Tinianus (Conus), Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 61, f. 1. = C. bullatus, Linn. 87 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 127 Tinianus (Conus), Reeve 'not Hwass). Conch. Icon., f. 236. — C. rosaceus, Chemn., var. Tornatus (Conus), Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 53. = C. interruptus, Brod. Traillii (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1855, p. 121, . 83 Traversianus (Conus), Smith. Quart. Jour. Conch., i, p. 107, 34 Tribunus (Conus), Crosse. J. de Conch., 1865, pi. 10, f. 2, p. 312, 59 Tribunus (Conus), Gm. Syst. Nat., 3377. == C. centurio, Born. Trig-onus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic. Suppl., pi. iii, f. 286, 42 Tristis (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 178, . 77 Trochulus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 177, 13 Tulipa (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit, x, 717, . . . 87 Tuliparia, Swainson. Malacol., 311, 1840. = Nubecnla, Klein. Turbinatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 207, f. 227, 42 Turricula (Conus), Brocchi. Conch, foss., ii, 289, t. 2, f. 7. = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Turriculatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Sup., 435, f. 643, 644. = C. cancellatus, Lam. ..... . . 75 Turritus (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, t. 22, f. 14. = C. gradatulus, Weink 38 Undatus (Conus), Kien. Iconog., t. 94, f. 1, . . .76 Undulatus (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., No. 294, f. 63, . 74 Unieolor (Conus), Sowb. Cone. Ill , fig. 20, . , . 47 Unifasciatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. ex, f. 4, . 14,18 Ustulatus (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 176. = C. consors, Sowb. . . . ... . .52 Utriculus, Schum. Essai Nov. Syst., 203, 1817. = Nubecula, Klein. Variegatus (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 261, pi. cvi, f. 1, 1 a. = C. Africanus, Kiener, var. ...... 84 Varius (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., ii, p. 1170, . . .25 Vautieri (Conus), Kiener. Ic. Coq. viv., pi. 100, f. 3, . . 19 Yayssetianus (Conus), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1872, p. 154, 349, pi. xvi, f. 1, . . 70 Ventricosus (Conus), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3397. ? = C. Mediterraneus, Hwass. Venulatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers.,i, pt. 2, p. 695, 14 Yermiculatus (Conus), Lam. An. sans Yert., vii, 452. = Yar. C. hebmeus, Linn. ....... 20 Yerreauxii (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 249, pi. Ix, f. 5. = C. conspersus, Reeve, ....... 58 128 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Verriculum (Conns), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, No. 208. = C. textile, Linn., var. . . . . . .89,90 Yerrucosus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. ii, p. 708 78 Yerulosus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., i, 719, t. 341, f. 7. = C, granulatus, Linn. ...... 82 Yespertinus (Conus), Humph. Sowb., Tankerville C., t. 8, f. 2, 3. = C. Timorensis, Hwass. Yexillum (Conus), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3397, . .39 Yicarius (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 482. = C. textile, Linn. ........ 90 Yictor (Conus), Broderip. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 54. = C. nobilis, Linn. . . . . . . . .30 Yictorise (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 172, . 91 Yidua (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 169. = C. araneosus, Hwass, var. ...... 9 Yillepinii (Conus), Bern and Fisch. Jour. Conch., t. v, pi. ix, f. 12, p. 292, 1857, ...... 37 Yimineus (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. vii, Sup., f. 269. = C. aculeiformis, Reeve, ....... 75 Yinctus (Conus), A. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 118. = C. achatinus, Chemn. YiolaceuH (Conus), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 176, . 88 Yirgatus (Conus), Reeve. Icon. Conus, Suppl., 2, . . 35 Yirgo (Conus), Linn. Syst. Nat., Gm., p. 3376, . .43 Yiridis (Conus), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 162, fig. 102. = C. rattus, Hwass, ........ 41 Yiridulus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 446. = C. imperialis, Linn., var. ...... 9 Yittatus (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 470, . . 43 Yitulinus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 648, pi. 326, f. 3, 51 Yoluminalis (Conus), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844, . 35 Yoluta, Browne. Nat. Hist., Jamaica, 410. 1756. = Conus, Linn. Yulpinus (Conus), Hwass. Encyc. Meth., 648. = C. planorbis, Born. Weinkauffii (Conus), Lobbecke. Jahr. Deutsch. Mai. Ge- sel., ix, p. 90, 1882, 30 Wilmeri (Conus), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1882, p. 118, pi. v, f. 5, . ' . . . . . . . .77 Ximenes (Conus), Gray. Zool. Beechey's Yoy., p. 119, 1839. = C. interruptus, Brod. . . . . . 63 Zebra (Conus), Lam. An. s. Yert., vii, p. 481 ; Kiener, t. 76, f. 2. = C. cinereus, Hwass, 58 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 129 Zebra (Conus), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 87. • = C. virgatus, Reeve, ....... 35 Zebra (Conus), Sowb. Conch. Illust., 43. = C. nisus, Chemn. ...... . 59 Zebroides (Conus), Kien. Coq. viv., p. 257, pi. cv, f. 5, .84 Zelandicus (Conus), Hutton. Cat. Mar., Moll. N. Z., p. 23. = C. aplustre, Reeve. Hutton in litt. . . . . 68 Zeylanicus (Conus), Wd. Sowb., Thes. Index. = C. obesus, Hwass. Ziczac (Conus), Muhlfeldt. Sowb., Thes. Index, . . 93 Zonatus (Conus), Hwass. Enc. Meth. vers., i, pt. 2, p. 613, 9 REFERENCE TO PLATES. CONID^. PLATE 1. GURE. 1. Conus marmoreus, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 5, . 7 2. Conus bandanus, Hwass (= marmoreus, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 8, . ..... 8 3. Conus Crosseanus, Bernard! (= marmoreus, var.). Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., i, t. 6, f. 5, . . . . 8 4. Conus nigrescens, Sowb. (= marmoreus, var.). Thes. Conch., t. 287, f. 618, ...... 8 5. Conus pseudomarmoreus, Desh. (== marmoretfs, var.). Jour, de Conch., 1875, t. 9, f. 4, .... 8 6. Conus nocturnus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 4, .8 7. Conus Deburghiae, Sowb. (= nocturnus). Thes. Conch., f. 6, . ....... 8 8. Conus arachnoideus, Gmel. (= araneosus, Hwass). Thes. Conch., f. 14, . . . . , . .8 9. Conus Nicobaricus, Hwass (= araneosus, var.), Sowb, Thes.,f. 11, ........ 9 10. Conus vidua, Reeve (= araneosus, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 9, ........... 9 11. Conus imperialis, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 2, . .9 12. Conus viridulus, Lam. (= imperialis, vai*.). Thes. Conch., f. 1, . ....... 9 13. Conus fuscatus, Lam. (= imperialis, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 3, ........ 9 14. Conus Recluzianus, Bernardi. Thes. Conch., f. 14, . 9 15. Conus zonatus, Hwass. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 38, . $ 9 130 REFERENCE TO PLATES. PLATE 2. FIGUBE. PA«E. 16. Conus marchionatus, Hinds. Thes. Conch., f. 172, . 9 17. Conus literatus, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 156, . . 10 18. Conus Gruneri, Reeve (= literatus). Conch. Icon., f. 231, 10 19. Conus millepunctatus, Lam. (— literatus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 151, 10 20. Conus ccelatus, A. Adams. Sowb., Thes., f. 107, . 10 21. Conus planaxis, Desh, Thes. Conch., t. 287, f. 625, . 10 22. Conus musicus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 113, . 11 23. Conus Mighelsi, Kiener (= musicus). Coq. viv., t. 103, f. 1, . 11 24. Conus eburneus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 247, . .11 25. Conus polyglotta, A. Ad. (= eburneus). Thes. Conch., f, 248, 11 26. Conus tessellatus, Born. Sowb., Thes., f. 250, . .11 27. Conus crassus, Sowb. (— tessellatus). Thes. Conch., f. 254, ... 11 28. Conus Baylei, Jousseaume. Mag. de Zool., 1871-2, t. 18, f. 2, . 11 29. Conus suturatus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 250, . . 11 29 a. Conus suturatus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 256, . 11 30. Conus Proteus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 2196, 12 31. Conus leoninus, Hwass (= Proteus). Thes. Conch., f. 232, 12 32. Conus spurius, Auct. (= Proteus). Thes. Conch., f. 236, 12 33. Conus ochraceus, Lam. (— Proteus). Thes. Conch., f. 432, 12 34. Conus bicolor, Sowb. (= Proteus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 234, 12 35. Conus papilionaceus, Hwass (= Proteus, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 233, 12 PLATE 3. 86. Conus Siamensis, Hwass (=: Proteus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 352, 12 87. Conus Lorenzianus, Chemn. (=flammeus, Lam.). Thes. Conch., f. 212, . . . .12 38, 39. Conus characteri&ticus, Chemn. Sowb., Thes., f. 337, 338, .13 40. Conus succinctus, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., f. 257, . . 13 41. Conus ambiguus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 244, . . 13 42. Conus griseus, Kiener (= ambiguus). Iconographie, t. 63, f. 2, 13 43. Conus cuneiformis, Smith. Quar. Jour. Conch., p. 202, 13 43 a. Conus trochulus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 246, . 13 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 131 TGURE. PAGE. 44. Conns cj'anostoma, A. Ad. Thes. Conch., f. 304, . 14 45. Conns frigidus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl.,t. 3, f. 284, 14 46. Conns venulatus, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 1956, . . 14 47. Conns nivosus, Lam, (= venulatus). Kiener, Iconog., t. 81, f. Ic, . 14 48. 49. Conus nivifer, Brod. (= venulatus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 265, 397, . . ... 15 50. Conus Crotchii, Reeve (venulatus, var.). Thes., . 15 51. Conus genuanus, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 81, . . 15 52. Conus Prometheus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 245, . 15 PLATE 4. 52 a. Conus Fergusoni, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, 1. 15, f. 1, 15 53. Conus omaicus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 497, . . 16 54. Conus betulinus, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 244, . . 16 55. Conus betulinus, var. Suratensis, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 246, 16 56. Conus glaucus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 10, . 16 57. Conus figulinus, Linn. Kiener, Iconog., t. 28, f. 1 6, . 16 58. Conus figulinus, var. Loroisii, Kiener. Thes. Conch., f. 243, ... 16 59. Conus quercinus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 240, . . 17 60. Conus pyriformis, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 354, . . 17 61. Conus patricius, Hinds (= pyriformis). Reeve, Icon., f. 63, 17 62. Conus Californicus, Hinds. Sowb., Thes., f. 332, . 17 63. Conus dealbatus, A. Ad. (= Californicus). Thes. Conch., f. 103, . .17 64. Conus scalptus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 203, . . 18 65. Conus unifasciatus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 110, f. 4, . 18 66. Conus arenatus, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 18, . . 18 67. Conus obesus, Hwass (Ceylonicus, Chemn.). Sowb., Thes., f. 22, 18 68. Conus pulicarius, Hwass, var, fustigatus. Hwass, Thes. Conch., f. 21, . ... 19 PLATE 5. 69. Conus pulicarius, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 20, . . 19 70. Conus Vautieri, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 100, f. 3, . . 19 71. Conus stercus-muscarum, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 347, 19 72. Conus mus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 78, ... 19 73. Conus roseus,Lam. (= mus, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 94, 20 74. Conus punctatus, Chemn. Sowb., Thes., f. 92, . . 20 75. Conus Hebraeus, Linn. Kiener, Coq. viv., t. 4, f. 2, . 20 76. Conus sphacelatus, Sowb. (= Hebraeus, juv.). Reeve, Ic., f. 26, . . . . . . . . .20 132 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 77. Conus vermiculatus, Hwass (== Heoraeus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 53, . . .20 78. Conus maculiferus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 74. . . 21 79. Conus balteatus, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 88, . 21 80. Conus pigmentatus, Ad. and Reeve (= balteatus). Thes. Conch., f. 101, . . 21 81. Conus cernicus, H. Adams (= balteatus). Kiister, t. 42, f. 7, . ' . - 21 82. Conus encaustus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 14, f. 2, . . 21 83. Conus prsetextus, Reeve (= encaustus). Reeve, Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 2, f. 277, 21 84. Conus miliaris, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 198, . . 21 85. Conus tiaratus, Brod. (= miliaris). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 80, . . . . . . . .22 86. Conus fulgetrum, Sowb. (= miliaris \ Thes. Conch., f. 69, . .22 87. Conus scaber, Kiener (= miliaris). Coq. viv., t. 100, f. 1, 22 88. Conus minimus, Linn. (= miliaris). Reeve, Icon., f. 143 a, . 22 89. Conus abbreviatus, Nuttall (== miliaris, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 84, 22 •90. Conus Aristophanes, Duclos (= miliaris, var.), Thes. Conch., f. 81, ..... . 22 PLATE 6. 91. Conus reflectus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1876, t. 75, f. 4, . 22 92. Conus baccatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1876, t. 75, f. 5, . 22 "93. Conus taeniatus, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 107, . . 23 94. Conus Ceylonensis, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 141, . 23 95. Conus nux, Brod. (= Ceylonensis). Reeve, Icon., f. 110, . . . . " . . . . . .23 96. Conus acutus, Sowb. (= Ceylonensis, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 142, . . .' 23 97. Conus pusillus,' Chemn. (— Ceylonensis, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 144, 23 98. Conus tenuisulcatus, Sowb. (= Ceylonensis, var.). Zool. Proc., 1873, t. 15, f. 2, . ... 23 99. Conus sponsalis, Chemn. (= Ceylonensis, var.). Rve., Icon., f. 109, . . 23 100. Conus nanus, Brod. (= Ceylonensis, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 144, . . .24 1. Conus speciosus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 138, . . 24 2. Conus Couderti, Bernardi. Jour de Conch., 2 ser., iv, t. 4, f. 3, . . 24 3. Conus rutilus, Menkc. Reeve, Icon., i%. 264, . . 24 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 133 FIGURE. PAGE. 4. Conus Smithii, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1877, t. 5, f. 8, . 24 5. Conus pontificalis, Lara. Reeve, Icon., f. 15, . . 24 _ 6. 7. Conus aurantius, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 35, 36, . 25 8. 9. Conus varius, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 40, 42, . .25 10. Conus interruptus, Mawe (= varius). Thes. Conch., f. 43, . . . .25 11. Conus superscriptus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1876, t. 75, f.6, . . . .' . . . . . .25 12. Conus boeticus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 226, . .26 13. Conus rivularis, Reeve (= boeticus). Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 6,f. 261, ........ 26 14. Conus albomaculatus, Sow. (= boeticus). Thes. Conch., f. 113, ... . . . . .26 15. Conus muriculatus, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 112, . . 26 PLATE 7. 16. Conus plumbeus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 253, . . 26 17. Conus liratus, Reeve (= plumbeus). Conch. Icoii., f. 268, .... 26 18. Conus Moluccensis, Chemn. Sowbt, Thes. Conch., f. 46, 26 19. .Conus proximus, Sowb. (= Moluccensis). Thes. Conch. Suppl., f. 619, . . 26 20. Conus Magellanicus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 7f, . 26 21. Conus speciosissimus, Reeve (= Magellanicus). Sowb., Thes., f. 124, . . . 27 22. Conus Lubeckianus, Bern. (= Magellanicus). Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., 6, f. 7, 27 23. Conus cidaris, Kiener (= Magellanicus, var.). Coq. viv,, t. 63, f. 1, . . . • .• . . . .27 24. Conus cardinalis, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 102, . . 27 25. Conus dianthus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1882, t. 5, f. 4, . 27 26. Conus Archon, Brod. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 252, . 27 27. Conus castaneus, Kiener (== Archon). Coq. viv., t. 104, f. 3, . . .27 28. Conus sanguineus, Kiener (= Archon, var.). Coq. viv., t. Ill, f. 2, . ..... 27 29. Conus granarius, Kiener (= Archon, var.). Coq. viv., t.,98, f. 1, . . . .27 30. Conus Lamberti, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 1877, t. 1, f. 1, . . .28 31. Conus nebulosus, Solander. Thes. Conch., f. 62, . 28 32-34. Conus cedonulli, Hwass (= nebulosus). Thes. Conch., f. 64, 67, 68, . . . . . . . 28 35. Conus Tajlorianus, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1880, t. 4$, f. 3, 28 36. Conus diadema, Sowb. (= brunneus\ Thes. Conch., f. 47,. . . . . . . . . .28 134 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 37. Conus brunneus, Gray. Thes. Conch., f. 48, . . 28 PLATE 8. 38. Conus gladiator, Brod, Reeve, Icon., f. 127, . . 28 39. Conus suffusus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 9, . 29 40. Conus Nouineensis, Crosse (= suffusus, var.). Jour.de Conch., 1872, t. 16, f. 2, 29 41. Conus princeps, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 36 5, . 29 42. Conus princeps, Linn., var. regius, Chemn. Reeve, Icon., f. 36 a, 29 43. Conus princeps, Linn., var. lineolatus, Val. Thes. Conch., f. 32, 29 44. Conus ammiralis, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 226, . . 29 45. Conus archithalassus, Dillw. (= ammiralis.) Thes. Conch., f. 24, . . , . . ' . .29 46. Conus ammiralis, Linn., var. granulatus, Kiener. Coq. viv.,t. 21, f. Id, . . . . . . .29 47. Conus nobilis, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 2 a, . 80 48. Conus cordigerus, Sowb. (= nobilis). Thes. Conch., f. 498, 30 49. Conus victor, Brod. (= nobilis). Reeve, Icon., f. 5, . 30 50. 51. Conus thalassiarchus, Gray. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 165, 166, 30 52. Conus Amadis, Mart. Thes. Conch., f. 170, . . 30 53. Conus Weinkauffii, Lobbecke. Jahrb. Deutsch. Mai. Gesell., ix, t. 4, f. 3, . 30 54. Conus acuminatus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 196, . 31 PLATE 9. 55. Conus cuneatus, Sowb. (= acuminatus, var.) Zool. Proc., 1873, t. 15, f. 5, .... 31 56. Conus Neptunus, Kiener (= Schech Jickeli). Coq. viv., t. 99, f. 5, . . • . . . . .31 57. Conus turritus, Sowb. (= gradatulus, Weink.) Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 14, 38 58. Conus Coxeni, Brazier. Zool. Proc., 1875, t. 4, f. 10, 30 59. Conus nodulosus,Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 288, f. 635, . 31 60. Conus luctificus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 198, . . 31 61. Conus bifasciatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 302, . . 32 62. Conus spiculum, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl, f. 266, . 32 63. Conus subcarinatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch. Suppl., t. 286, f. 615, 32 64. Conus Malaccanus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 366, . 33 65. Conus fulgurans, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 202, . . 32 66. Conus eximius, Reeve (= fulgurans). Thes. Conch., f. 201, . .32 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 135 riGURE. PAGE. 67. Conus Delessertianus, Reel. Sowb., Thes., f. 365, . 33 68. Conus centurio, Born. Thes. Condi., f. 367, . . 33 69. Conus anabathrum, Crosse. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 288, f. 639, 33 70. Conus articulatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, t. 15, f. 3, 33 71. Conus tegulatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 12, 34 72. Conus Macarse, Bern. Thes. Conch., t. 286, f. 617, , 34 73. Conus monile, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 178, . . 34 74. Conus generalis, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 180, . . 34 75. Conus Maldivus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 183, . . 34 PLATE 10. 76. Conus Maldivus, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 182, . . 34 77. Conus voluminalis, Hinds. Reeve., Conch. Icon., f. 206, 35 78. Conus floridulus, Ad. and Reeve (= voluminalis, var.) Thes., f. 97, .35 79. Conus Lorenzianus, Chemn. THes. Conch., f, 430, , 35 80. Conus virgatus. Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 190, . . 35 81. Conus Cumingii, Reeve (= virgatus, var.). Thes. Conch., f 193, . ...... 35 82. Conus sanguinolentus, Reeve (= virgatus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 409, . . . ^ . . . ,35 83. Conus scalaris, Val. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 192, , 35 84. Conus flavescens, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 168, , . 36 85. Conus Largillierti, Kiener. Reeve, Icon. Suppl., t. 2, f, 275, .36 86. Conus Traversianus, Smith. Quar, Jour. Conch., i, 107, 34 87. Conus Bayani, Jousseaume. Guerin's Magazine, 1872, t. 18, f, 1, ... .... 35 88. Conus Guestieri, Lorois. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iv, t. 12, f. 5, 35 89. 90. Conus Pealii, Green. Thes. Conch., f. 393, 394, . 36 91. Conus Stearnsii, Conr. (== Pealii), Am. Jour. Conch., v, t. 10, f. 1, 36 92. Conus candidus, Kiener (= Pealii). Coq. viv., t. 97, f. 1, . 36 93. Conus lemniscatus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., t. 286, f. 608, 36 94. Conus Clerii, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 229, . . 37 95. Conus emarginatus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f, 232, . 37 95 a. Conus minutus, Reeve. Conch. Icon,, f, 259, . . 37 96. Conus lentiginosus, Reeve (= emarginatus). Conch. Icon., f. 245, 37 97. Conus Villepini, Bern, and Fischer. Thes. Conch., t. 288, f. 629, 37 PLATE 11. 98. 99. Conus regularis, Sowb. Thee. Conch., f. 208, 209, 37 136 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 100. Conns incurvus, Brod. (= regularis). Thes. Conch., f. 194, . . .37 1. Conus angulatus, A. Ad. (= regularis). Thes. Conch., f. 388, .-..'..... 37 2. Conus dispar, Sowb. (= regularis \ Thes., Conch. f. 195, 37 3. Conus selectus, A. Ad. Sowb,, Thesaurus, f, 361, . 38 4. Conus Floridanus, Gabb. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, t. 15, f, 4, ... 38 5. Conus Floridensis, Sowb. (= Floridanus). Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 11, 38 6. Conus Sieboldii, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 369, . . 38 7. Conus rarimaculatus, Sowb. (= Sieboldii). Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 4, ....... 38 8. Conus papillaris, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 377, . , 38 9. Conns optabilis, A. Ad. Sowb. Thes., f. 364, . . 38 10. Conus Mazei, Desk.' Jour, de Conch., 1874, t. 1, f. 1, . 39 11. Conus Sumatrensis, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 158, . 39 12. Conus nemocanus, Hwass (= Sumatrensis, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 153, . .39 1 2 a. Conus vexillum, Gmel. Thes. Conch., f. 163, . . 39 13. Conns laevigatus, Sowb. (= vexillum). Thes,, f. 149, 39 14. Conus Robillardi, Bern. (= vexillum, juv. ?) Jour, de Conch., 2 ser.,iii, t. 7, f. 2, 39 15. Conus concolor, Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 206, , , 40 16. Conus miles, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 157, . . .40 17. Conus snlphuratns, Kiener (=mustelinus). Coq.viv., t. 66, f. 3, . . . . . . .40 18. Conns citrinus, Kiener (= mustelinus). Coq. viv., t. 78, f. 4. . . . . 40 PLATE 12. 19. Conus mutabilis, Chemn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 216, 40 20. Conus hyaena, Reeve (=± mutabilis). Thes. Conch., f. 431, 40 21. 22. Conus capitaneus. Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 175, 176, 40 23. Conus mustelinus, Hwass (—capitaneus). Thes. Conch., f. 160, . .40 24. Conus classiarius. Kiener (= capitaneus, var.). Kien., Iconog., t. 63, f. 3, 40 25. Conus rattus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 78. . 41 26. Conus Taheitensis, Hwass (= rattus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 26, 41 27. Conus viridis, Sowb. (= rattus). Thes. Conch., f. 192, 41 28. Conus Lischkeanus, Weinkauff'. Kiister, Conch. Cab , t. 56, f. 2, 41 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 137 FIGURr. PAGE. 29. Conus serjhelatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 3? 1882, 41 30. Conus classiarius, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 213, . . .41 31. Gonus splendidulus, Sowb. (== classiarius). Thes. Conch., f. 211, 41 32. Conus Riippellii, Reeve (= classiarius). Thes. Conch., f. 143, , 41 33. Conus adustus, Sowb. (— classiarius). Thes. Conch., f. 403, . . 41 34. Conus Fazii, Bern. (= classiarius, var.), Thes. Conch., t. 289, f. 649, . .42 35. Conus trigonus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 3, f. 286, 42 36. Conus aureolus, Sowb. Thes. Conch,, f. 395, . . 42 37. Conus coffea, Gmel. Thes. Conch., f. 173, . . .42 38. Conus excavatus, Sowb. (— coffea). Thes. Suppi., t. 286, f. 616, ... . .42 39. Conus incarnatus, Reeve (= coffea). Thes. Conch., f. 228, 42 40. Conus turbinatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 227, . . 42 PLATE 13. 41. Conus vittatus, Lam. Thes. Conch., f. 274, . . 43 42.. Conus Cumingii, Reeve (= vittatus). Thes. Conch., f. 415, 43 43. Conus orion, Brod. (= vittatus, var.), Thes. Conch., f. 200, 43 44. Conus Henoquei, Bern. (= vittatus, var.). Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iv, t. 13, f. 4, 43 45. Conus Virgo, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 167, . . . .43 46. Conus Cselinse, Crosse (= virgo, var.). Thes. Suppl., t. 287, f. 623, .43 47. Conus emaciatus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 258. . . 44 48. Conus flavidus. Lam. Thes. Conch., f. 168, . .44 49. Conus Maltzanianus, Weink. (— flavidus). Reeve, Ic., f. 207, . .44 50. Conus mirmillo, Crosse (== flavidus). Jour, de Conch., 1865, t. 9, f. 2, . . . . . . . . 44 51. Conus Gloynei, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 56, f. 5, . 44 52. Conus Lombei, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 56, f. 6, . 44 53. Conus segrotus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 215, . . 45 54. Conus lividus, Hwass. Sowb , Thes., f. 27, . . 45 55. Conus citrinus, Gmel. (= lividus). Thes. Conch., f. 70, 45 56. Conussugillatus, Reeve (= lividus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 50, . 45 57. Conus crepusculum, Reeve (= lividus). Sowb., Thes., f. 57, 45 58. Conus oblitus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 37, . . .45 138 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 59. Conus Moussoni, Crossel Jour, de Conch., 1865, t. 10, f. 3, .... 46 60. Conus pryntanis, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1882, t. 5, f. 1, . 46 61. Conus Evelinse, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1882, t. 5, f. 2, . 46 62. Conus primula, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 6, f. 256, 46 63. Conus Cibielli, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 107, f. 2, . . 46 64. Conus tabidus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 243, . . 46 PLATE 14. 65. Conus hepaticus, Kiener. Thes. Conch., f. 191, . , 47 66. Conus albicans, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 98, , ,47 67. Conus unicolor, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 83, . . 47 68,69. Conus distans, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 174 a, c, . 47 70. Conus daucus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 189, , * 48 71. Conus Reevei, Kiener (=daucus). Thes. Conch. ,f. 188, 48 72. Conus archetypus, Crosse (= daucus, var.) Jour, de Conch., 1865, t. 10, f. 7, . ... 48 73. Conus narcissus, Lara. Sowb., Thes., f. 436, . . 48 74. Conus lithoglyphus, Meusch. Thes. Conch., f. 185, . 48 75- Conns lacinulatus, Kiener (= lithoglyphus). Coq. viv., t. 108, f. 2, . . . . ' . . . . 48 76. Conus attenuatus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 203, . 49 77. Conus Sutorianus, Weinkauff. Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 56, f. 5, 49 78. Conus pulchellus, Swains. Thes. Conch., f. 220. . 49 79. Conus cinctus, Swains. (= pulchellus). Thes. Conch., f. 231, ... 49 80. Conus connectens, A. Ad. (= pulchellus). Thes. Conch., f. 230, 49 81. Conus planorbis, Born. Thes. Conch., f. 491, . . 50 82. Conus circumsignatus, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, t. 10, f. 14, 50 83. Conus Chenui, Crosse. Sowb., Thes. Suppl., t. 287, f. 624, . 50 84. Conus Lobbeckeanus, Weink. (— Chenui). Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 36, f. 3, . . . . . 50 85. Conus lineatus, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 219, . . 50 86. 87, Conus vitulinus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 223,224, 51 PLATE 15. 88. Conus Carpentcri, Crosse (== vitulinus, var.) Jour. de Conch., 1865, t. 9, f. 1, . . . .51 89. Conus Augur, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 154, . . 51 90. Conus lignarius, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 269, . . 51 91. Conus furvus, Reeve (— lignarius). Thes, Conch., f. 267, . . -51 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 139 FIGURE. PAGE. 92. Conus Cecilei, Kiener (= lignarius). Thes. Conch., f. 313, .51 93. Conus fasciatus, Kiener (= lignarius, var.). Coq. viv., t. 109, f. 2, ... .... 51 94. Conus raultilineatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1875, t. 24, f. 5, 52 95. Conus Kobelti, Lobbecke. Jahrb. Deutsch. Mai. Gesell., ix, t. 4, f. 4, 52 96. Conus consors, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 492, . , 52 97. Conus carinatus, Swains. (= consors). Thes. Conch., f. 495, 52 98. Conus anceps, A. Ad. (= consors). Sowb., Thes,, f. 493, ,52 99. Conus Daullei, Crosse (=; consors). Mag. de Zool,, 1858, t. 2, f. 2 a, 52 100. Conus ustulatus, Reeve (=5= consors). Thes Conch. Suppl.,t. 289, f. 647, , . 52 1. Conus fulvocinctus, Crosse. Jour, de Conch,, 1873, t. 11, f. 5, 52 2. Conus consanguineus, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 1880, t. 48, f. 1, . 52 3. Conus magus, Linn. Thes. Conch,, f. 513, , , .53 4. Conus raphanus, Hwass (== magus). Thes. Conch,, f. 509, 53 5. Conus Consul, Boivin (=^= magus). Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., iv, t. 1, f. 5, 53 6. Conus striolatus, Kiener (= magus). Thes. Conch., f. 328, . . .53 7. Conus Borneensis, Sowb, (== magus), Thes. Suppl., t. 289, f. 648, 53 8. Conns assimilis, A. Ad, (= magus). Thes. Conch,, f. 505, . . .53 9. Conus Frauenfeldi, Crosse (=?= magus, var.). Thee. Conch., f. 525, . . . . . . .53 10. Conus Metcalfei, Reeve (=magus, var.). Conch. Icon,, f. 194, . 53 PLATE 16. 11. Conus Rollandi, Bern (= magus, var.). Thes, Conch, Suppl., t. 289, f. 652, 53 12. Conns epistomium, Reeve (== magus, var.). Conch. Icon., f. 227, 53 13. Conus Tasmanise, Sowb. (= magus, var.). Thes. Suppl., t. 288, f. 636, 54 14. Conus epistomioides, Weink. (= magus, var.). Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 51, f. 6, . . , . .54 140 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 15. Conus pertusus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 213, . . 54 16. Conus festivus, Cliemn. (= pertusus \ Thes. Conch., f. 272, 54 17. Conus inquinatus, Reeve (= pertusus \ Conch. Icon. Suppl.,t. 5, f. 251, 54 18. Conus simplex, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 199, . . 54 19. Conus sindon, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 233 a, . . 54 20. Conus miser, Boivin. Thes. Conch. Suppl., t. 287, f. 630, 55 21. 22. Conus mercator, Linn. Conch. Icon., f. 83 6, a, . 55 23. Conus desidiosus, A. Ad., (= mercator, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 306, 55 24, 25. Conus cuneolus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 205 a, &, 55 26, 27. Conus Natalis, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 292, 293, . 55 28. Conus olivaceus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. Ill, f. 3, . . 55 29. Conus Taslei, Kiener (= olivaceus). Coq. viv., 1. 110, f. 3, ....... .56 30,31. Conus irregularis, Sowb. (= olivaceus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 418, 419, 56 32, 33. Conus infrenatus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 451, 452, 56 PLATE 17. 34, 35. Conus rosaceus, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 455, 456, 56 36. Conus roseotinctus, Sowb. Thes. Suppl., t. 286, f. 604, 56 37. Conus Tinianus, Reeve (= rosaceus, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 450, . . . . . . . .56 38. Conus Loveni, Krauss (— rosaceus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 449, . .56 39. Conus signifer, Crosse (= rosaceus, var.). Jour, de Conch., 1865, t. 10, f. 6, . .56 40. Conus Lamarckii, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 83, f. 4, . . 56 41. Conus inflatus, Kiener (= Lamarckii). Coq. viv., t. 71, f. 3, 56 42. Conus citrinus, ,Kiener (= Lamarckii). Coq. viv., t. 59, f. 6, . . • .56 43. Conus Broderipii, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 254 6, . 57 44. Conus spectrum, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 458, . . 57 45. Conus collisus, Reeve (= spectrum). Thes. Conch., f. 459, ... .... .57 46. 47. Conus pica, Ads and Reeve (= spectrum). Sowb., Thes., f. 290, 291, 57 48. Conus subnlatus. Sowb. (— spectrum). Thes. Conch., f. 472, . . . . 57 49. Conus lictor, Boivin. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., iv, t. 1, f. 1, . 57 50. Conus dolium, Boivin. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., iv, t. l,f. 4, 75 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 141 FIGURE. PAGE. 51. Conus lacteus, Reeve (= spectrum, var.). Conch. Icon., f. 234, 57 52. Conus Andainanensis, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1878, t. 50, f. la, . 57 53. Conus conspersus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 262, . . 58 54. Conus Verreauxii, Kiener (= conspersus). Coq. viv., t. 60, f. 5, . .58 PLATE 18. 55. Conus scillatus, Reeve (= conspersus). Thes. Conch., f. 461, 58 56. Conus daphne, Boivin (= conspersus, var.). Thes. Suppl., t. 288, f. 630, . . 58 57. Conus cinereus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 467, . . 58 58. Conus Gabrielli, Kiener (= cinereus). Coq. viv.,t. 74, f. 4, 58 59. Conus straturatus, Sowb. (= cinereus, var.). Thes. Suppl., t. 286, f. 609, . . 58 60. Conus Bernard!!, Kiener (= cinereus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 474, 58 61. Conus politus, Weink. (= cinereus, var.). Kuster, Conch. Cab., t. 62, f. 2, 59 62. Conus albosp.ira, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1880, t. 48, f. 4, 59 63. 64. Conus nisus, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 470, 471, . 59 65. Conus zebra, Sowb. (= nisus). Thes. Conch., f. 466, . 59 66. Conus Blanfordianus, Crosse ' (= nisus). Jour, de Conch., 1867, t. 2, f. 1, 59 67. Conus stigmaticus, A. Ad. (== nisus). Thes. Conch., f. 460, 59 68. Conus cocceus, Kiener (= nisus). Coq. viv., t. 107, f. 1 a, .... ... 59 69. Conus submarginatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 6, 59 70. Conus suturatus, Kiener (= submarginatus). Coq. viv., t. 88, f. 1, 60 71. Conus radiatus, Gmel. Thes. Conch., f. 490, . . 60 72. Conus parius, Reeve (= radiatus). Thes. Conch., f. 473, 60 73. Conus Griibbse, Kiener (= radiatus). Thes. Conch., f. 475, 60 74. Conus contusus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl. ,t. 2, f. 276, 60 75. Conus praefectus, Hwass (= ochroleucus, Gmel.). Reeve, Icon., f. 138, .60 76. Conus iodostoma, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 159, . . 60 77. Conus Lienardi, Crosse and Bern. Thes. Suppl., t. 286, f. 611, 60 142 REFERENCE TO PLATES. PLATE 19. FICJURK. 78, 79. Conus Lienardi, Crosse and Bern. Thes. Suppl., t. 286, f. 612, 613, ,60 80. Conus Macei, Crosse. Thes. Suppl., t. 287, f. 621, . 61 81. Conus Timorensis, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. Ill, . 61 82. Conus Janus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 478, . . 61 83. Conus Jickeli, Weink. KUster, Conch. Cab., t. 32, f. 11, 61 84. Conus inscriptus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 164, . . 61 85. Conus Keatii, Sowb. (= inscriptus). Thes. Conch., f.479, .61 86. Conus induratus, Reeve (= Erythreeensis). Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 7, f. 268, . 87. Conus piperatus, Reeve (= Erythraeensis). Conch. Icon., f. 230, 62 88. Conns quadrimaculatus, Sowb. (=Erythrgeensis). Thes. Conch. Suppl., t. 288, f. 638, . * . .62 89. Conus concinnus, Sowb. (= Erythrseensis). Thes. Suppl., t. 289, f. 646, 90. Conus puncticulatus, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 116, . 62 91. Conus perplexus, Sowb. (= puncticulatus). Thes. Conch., f. 324, 62 92. Conus pustulatus, Kiener (= puncticulatus). Coq. viv., t. 101, f. 2, .62 93. Conus papillosus, Kiener (±= puncticulatus). Coq. viv., t. 12, f. 4, • . .62 94. Conus pusio, Sowb. (= puncticulatus). Thes. Conch., f. 398, 62 95. Conus Duvali, Bern. (= puncticulatus). Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., ii, t. 13, f. 3, . . . 62 96. Conus Hanleyi, Sowb. (= puncticulatus). Thes. Conch., f. 399, 62 97. 98. Conus columba, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 310, 311, 62 99. Conus Metcalfei, Angas (= Angasi, Tryon). Zool. Proc., 1877, t. 26, f. 13, .... .62 100. Conus Ximenes, Gray (= interruptus). Thes. Conch., f. 285, .63 1, 2. Conus mahogani, Reeve (= interruptus). Thes. Conch., f. 283, 284, .63 PLATE 20. 3. Conus raonilifer, Brod. (== interruptus). Thes. Conch., f. 380, .63 4. Conus tornatus, Brod. (== interruptus). Reeve, Icon., f. 68 • • .63 5. Conus Philippii, Kiener (= interruptus). Thes. Conch. f. 412, 63 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 143 FIGURE. PAOK. 6, 7. Conus catus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 277, 278, . 63 8. Conus nigropunctatus, Sowb. (= catus, var.). Thes. Conch.*, f. 342, . . ... 63 9. Conus Adansoni, Lam. (= catus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 286, .... .... 63 10. Conus eques, Brug. (= catus). Kiener, Iconog., t. 66, f. 1, 63 11, 12. Conus achatinus, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 335, 336, 64 13. Conus superstriatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 282, . 64 14. Conus monachus, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 122 a, 64 15. Conus purpurascens, Brod. Thes. Conch., f. 346, . 64 16. Conus. neglectus, A. Ad. (= purpurascens). Thes. Conch., f. 404, 64 16 a. Conus Luzonicus, Sowb. (= purpurascens). Thes. Conch, f. 344, .64 17. Conus regalitatus, Sowb. (== purpurascens, var.). Thes., f. 345, 64 18. Conus testudinarius, Mart. Sowb., Thes., f. 348, . 65 19. Conus fulmen, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 351, . . 65 20. Conus tribunus, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, t. 10, f. 2, .59 21. Conus catenatus, Sowb. (=interruptus). Zool. Proc., 1878, t. 48, f. 3, 63 22. Conus hyaena, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 431, . . 65 23. 24. Conus Guiniacus, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 434, 435,. 65 26. Conus Franciscanus, Hwass (= Mediterraneus). Thes. Conch., f. 315, 66 PLATE 21. 25. Conus Mediterraneus, Hwass, Thes. Conch., f. 437, . 66 27. Conus Bruguieri, Kiener (= Mediterraneus, var). Kien., Iconog., t. 56, f. 2, . 66 28. Conus Jamaicensis, Sowb. (= Mediterraneus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 439, . 66 29. Conus Tamsianus, Dunker (= Mediterraneus, var.). Moll. Guin., t. 4, f. 23, .... 66 30. Conus cserulescens, Chemn. (== Mediterraneus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 442, 66 31. Conus semulus, Reeve (= Mediterraneus, var.). Conch. Icon., f. 256 a, 66 32. Conus altispiratus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, t. 15, f. 4, 66 33. Conus castus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 405, . . 66 34. Conus Madurensis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 237, . . 66 35. Conus Borbonicus, H. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1868, t. 28, f. 1, 67 36. Conus corallinus, Kiener. Iconog., t. 73, f. 2, . 67 144 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 37. Conus inaequalis, Reeve (= corallinus). Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 7, f. 270, .67 38. Conus dilectus, Gould. Moll. Wilkes Expl. Exped., f. 367, 67 39. Conus nitidus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 401, . . 67 40. Conus aplustre, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 448, . . 67 41. Conus multicatenatus, Sowb. (= aplustre, var.). Thes. Suppl., f. €34, 67 42. Conus pictus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 98, . . . 68 43. Conus jaspideus, Kiener (= pictus, Reeve). Iconog., t. 55, f. 4, 68 44. Conus scitulus, Reeve (= pictus, Reeve). Conch. Ic. Suppl., t. 9, f. 283, .68 45. Conus pauperculus, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 108, 68 46. Conus lautus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 454, . 68 47. Conus elongatus, Chemn. Thes. Conch., f. 440, . . 68 48. 49. Conus caft'er, Krauss. Sowb., Thes., f. 446, 447, . 68 50. Conus gilvus, Reeve (= caffer). Conch. Icon., Suppl., t. 6, f. 255, .68 51. Conus secutor, Crosse (= caffer). Jour, de Conch., 1865, t. 9, f. 3, .68 PLATE 22. 52. Conus Algoensis, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 149, . . 69 53. Conus fucatus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 308, . . 69 54. Conus lachrymosus, Reeve. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., f. 93, 69 55. Conus anemone, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 340, . . 69 56. Conus maculatus, Sowb. (= anemone). Thes. Conch., f. 296 69 57. Conus Novse-Hollandise, Lam. (= anemone). Thes. Conch,, f. 298, 69 58. Conus Jukesii, Reeve (= anemone). Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 2, f. 278, . .69 59. Conus Cabritii, Bern. (= anemone). Thes. Conch. Suppl., t. 288, f. 632, ... 69 60. Conus compressus, Sowb. (— anemone;. Thes. Suppl., t. 286, f. 603, . . . . ' . . . .69 61. Conus anemone, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 339, . ' . 69 62. Conus cocceus, Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 417, . . 70 63. Conus decrepitus, Kiener (= cocceus). Iconog., Coq. viv., t. 99, f. 4, 70 64. Conus cerinus. Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 120, . 70 65. Conus Yayssetianus, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1872, t. 16, f. 1, 70 66. Conus carnalis, Sowb. Zool. Proc , 1878, t. 48, f. 2, . 71 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 145 FIGURE. PAGE. 67. Conus Melvilli, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1878, t. 48, f. 1, . 71 68. Conus Kieneri, Reeve. Conch. Icon., Suppl., t. 9, f. 2826, 71 69. Conus latifasciatus, Sowb. (= Kieneri). Thes., f. 485, 71 70. Conus subulatus, Kiener. Reeve, Icon. Suppl., t. 4, f. 239, 71 71. Conus Neptunus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 30, . . 72 72. Conus Neptunoides, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 1880, t. 48, f. 2, .... .... 72 73. Conus mucronatus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 204, . 72 74. Conus alabaster, Ads. and Reeve (= mucronatus). Reeve, Icon. Suppl., t. 6, f. 257, . .72 PLATE 23. 75. Conus orbitatus, Reeve (= mucronatus, var.). Conch. Icon., f. 156, 73 76. Conus planiliratus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 1. 73 77. Conus australis, Chemn. Sowb., Thes., f. 486, . '. 73 78. Conus laterculus, Sowb. (= australis). Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 3, .73 79. Conus strigatus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 248, 73 79 a. Conus sulcatus, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 30, . . 73 80. Conus undulatus, Sowb. (— sulcatus, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 63, . . " . . . . .74 81. Conus Bocki, Sowb. (= sulcatus, var.). Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 56, f. 7, 74 82. 83. Conus granifer, Reeve. Sowb., Thes., f. 109, 110, 74 84. Conus exaratus" Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 238, . . 74 85. Conus pulcher, A. Ad. Sowb., Thes., f. 121, . . 74 86. Conus sulciferus, A. Ad. Sowb.. Thes., f. 122, . . 74 87. Conus cancellatus, Lam. Reeve, Icon. , . .74 88. Conus praecellens, Ad. (= cancellatus). Thes. Conch,, f. 371, 74 89. Conus turriculatus, Sowb. (= cancellatus). Thes. Conch., f. 643, 74 90. Conus aculeiformis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 240, . 75 91. Conus vimineus, Reeve (= aculeiformis). Conch. Ic. Suppl., t. 7, f. 269, . .... 75 92. Conus gracilis, Sowb. (= aculeiformis). Zool. Proc., 1875, t. 24, f. 6, 75 93. Conus insculptus, Kiener (= aculeiformis). Coq. viv., t. 99, f. 2, 75 94. Conus longurionis, Kiener (= aculeiformis). Coq. viv., t. 92, f. 6, 75 95/ Conus Orbignyi, And. Sowb., Thes. f. 368, . . 75 10 14(5 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGK, 96. Conus gemmulatus, Sowb. (= Orbignyi). Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 8, . 75 PLATE 24. 97. Conus crenulatus, Kiener (= armiger, Crosse). Coq. viv.,t. 109, f. 1,. . . . . . .75 98. Conus arcuatus, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 77 6, . . 75 99. Conus undatus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t 94, f. 1, . . 76 100. Conus subaequalis, Sowb. (= undatus). Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 5,. 76 1. Conus Sowerbyi, Kiener (= undatus). Reeve, Icon., f. 77 a, 76 2. Conus cingulatus, Lam. (== undatus). Reeve, Icon., f. 158, . . . . 76 3. Conus cingulatus, Lam, Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 385, . 76 4. Conus Sinensis, Sowb. (= cingulatus, Lam.). Conch. Illus., f. 56, .76 5. Conus acutangulus, Hwass. Reeve, Cone. Icon., f. 200, 76 6. Conus Wilmeri, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1882, t. 5, f. 5, . 77 7. Conus tenuisulcatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 10, ... . ... 77 8. Conus tristis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 252, . , .77 9. Conus Borneensis, Ads. and Reeve. Thes. Conch., f. 389, 77 10. Conus acutimarginatus, Sowb. (= Borneensis). Thes. Conch. Suppl., f. 640, . 78 11. Conus Lizardensis, Crosse (= Borneensis). Thes. Conch. Suppl., f. 642, „ . 78 12. Conus verrucosus, Hwass. Reeve, Icon., f. 201, . . 78 13. Conus echinulatus, Kiener (= verrucosus). Coq. viv., t. 105, f. 2, . . . .78 14. Conus sticticus, A. Ad. (= verrucosus). Thes. Conch., f. 137, . . ... 78 15. Conus nodiferus, Kiener (= verrucosus). Coq. viv., t. 100, f. 4, . . . -78 16. Conus Mindanus, Hwass (= verrucosus). Sowb., Thes., f. 86, ... 78 17. Conus cretaceus, Kiener (= verrucosus). Coq. viv., t. 99, f. 1, . 78 18. Conus anaglypticus, Crosse (= verrucosus). Sowb., Thes. Suppl., f. 606, 78 19. Conus corrugatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22. f. 7, 78 20. Conus coronatus, Reeve (= papalis, Weink.) Sowb., Thes., f. 136, . . . . . . . ,78 21. Conus semisulcatus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 13, ^ 79 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 14*7 PLATE 25. FIGURE. PAOP. 22. Conus Caledonicus, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 413, . 79 23. Conus nucleus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl.,t. 3, f. 280, 79 24. 25. Conus luteus,Brod. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 544, 545, 79 26, 27. Conus glans, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f..530, 531, . 79 28. Conus tenuistriatus, Sowb. (= glans). Thes. Conch., f. 533, . . . . ...... .79 29. Conus scabriusculus, Chemn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 543, . .'-... . . . . .80 30. Conus tendineus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 534, . . 80 31. Conus terebra, Born. Sowb., Thes., f. 559, . . 80 32. Conus coelebs, Hinds (= terebra). Reeve, Icon., f. 64, 80 33. Conus Thomasi, Sowb. (= terebra). Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 56, f. 4 a, . . . . 80 34. Conus Cailliaudi, Kiener. Iconog., Coq. viv.,t. 55, f. 5, 80 35. Conus nussatella, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 533, . .80 36. Conus tenellus, Chemn. Sowb., Thes., f. 556, . . 81 37. Conus clavus, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 561, . . 81 38. Conus dactylosus, Kiener (= clavus). Thes. Conch., f. 536, . . .81 39. Conus circumcisus, Born. Sowb., Thes., f. 562, . . 81 40. Conus Du Saveli, H. Ad. (= circumcisus). Zool. Proc., 81 1872, t. 3, f. 17, . .... 81 41. Conus Brazieri, Sowb. Jour, of Conch., iii, t. 1, f. 9, . 81 42. Conus granulatus, Linn. Tbes. Conch., f. 540, . . 81 43. Conus verulosus, Hwass (= granulatus). Thes. Conch., f. 541, . ....... 82 44. Conus coccineus, Gmel. Kiener, Coq. viv.,t. 77, f. 3, . 82 PLATE 26. 45. Conus filamentosus, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 482, 82 46. Conus nimbosus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 66, . 82 47. Conus aurisiacus, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 501, . . 82 48. Conus Barthelem}ri, Bern. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., ii, t. l,f. 12, 83 49. 50. Conus c3rlindraceus,Brod. and Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 84 a, 6, . . .83 51. Conus mitratus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 100, 83 52. Conus PupaBformis, Sowb. (= mitratus). Zool. Proc., 1870, t. 22, f. 2, 83 53. Conus crebrisulcatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 321, . 83 54. Conus Traillii, A. Acl. Sowb., Thes., f. 322, . . 83 55. Conus puncturatus, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 104, . 83 56. Conus Africanus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 104, f. 2, . 84 57. Conus bulbus, Reeve (= Africanus, var. ). Kiener, Iconog., t. 78, f. 3, 84 148 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAOB. 58. Conus Dupontii, Kiener (= Africanus, var.). Iconog., t. 61, f. 2, 84 59. Conns Grayi, Reeve (= Africanus, var.). Conch. Icon., f. 258 a, 84 60. Conus obtusus, Kiener (= Africanus, var.). Iconog., t. 109, f. 3, 84 61. Conus guttatus, Kiener (= Africanus. var.). Iconog., t. 105, f. 4, 84 62. Conus variegatus, Kiener (= Africanus, var.). Iconog. t. 106, f. la, 62 a. Conus zebroides, Kiener. Iconog., t. 105, f. 5, 84 84 63. Conus concinnus, Brod. (= concinnulus, Crosse) Reeve, Icon., f. 153, 85 64. Conus atramentosus, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 7, f. 265, . 85 65. Conus hieroglyphicus, Duel. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 101 a, 85 66. Conus lugubris, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Suppl., t. 9, f. 279, 85 67. Conus striatus, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 557, . 85 68. Conus gubernator, Hwass. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 521, 86 69. Conus terminus, Lam. (= gubernator). Sowb., Thes., f. 523, 86 PLATE 27. 1. Conus figulinus, Linn., var. chytreus, Melvill. From Drawing, 17 2. Conus arenatus, Hwass, var. mesokatharos, Melvill. From Drawing, ....... 18 3. Conus marchionatus, Hinds, var. eudoxus, Melvill. From Drawing, 9 4. Conus spiroglossus, Desh. (=- generalis . Sowb., Thes. Suppl., f. 626, .34 5. Conus tenuis, Sowb. (= mustelinus). Thes. Conch., f. 314, 40 6. Conus Ceciliae, Chenu (= mustelinus, var.). Jour, de Conch., vii, t. 14, f. 9, . . 41 7. Conus inflatus, Sowb. (= conspersus). Conch. 111., f. 41, 58 8. Conus interruptus, Brod. Reeve, Icon., f. 125, . . 63 9. Conus comptus, Gould (=purpurascens). Mex. Shells., t. 14, f. 23, ... . .64 10. Conus ocalaris, Val. (= arcuatus). Kiener, t. 88, f. ft, 76 11. Conus miles, Linn. Gould, Wilkes Exped., f. 364, . 40 12. Conus miliaris, Hwass. Gould, Wilkes Exped., f. 362, 21 13. Conus Hebrseus, Linn. Quoy, Voy. A stool. , t. 52, f. 5, 20 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 149 PLATE 28. FIGURE. PAGE. 70. Conus Boivini, Kiener. Sowb., Thes., f. 496, . . 86 71. Conus melancholicus, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 547, . 86 72. Conus rhododendron, Jay. Sowb., Thes., f. 504, . 86 73. Conus floccatus, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 500, . . 86 74. Conus Magdalenae, Kiener (= floccatus). Iconog., t. 69, f. 4, . ... . 87 75. Conus Julii, Lienard. Jour, de Conch., 1871, t. 1, f. 6, 87 76. Conus floccatus, Kiener (= Julii). Iconog., 1. 106, f. 3, 87 77. Conus bullatus, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 550, . . 87 78. Conus cervus, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 548, . . 87 79. Conus Deshayesii, Reeve (== cervus, var.). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 546, 87 80. Conus tulipa, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 552, . . .87 81. Conus floridus, Sowb. (= tulipa). Thes. Conch., f. 558, 88 82. Conus violaceus. Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 241, . . 88 83. Conus obscurus, Reeve (^ violaceus). Conch. Icon., f. 82, 88 84. Conus geographus, Linn. SoWb., Thes., f. 560, . . 88 PLATE 29. 85. Conus intermedius, Reeve (= geographus, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 549, 88 86. Conus aureus, Hwass. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 196, . 88 87. Conus Pauluccise, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1876, t. 75, f. 3, 89 88. Conus pyramidalis, Lam. Kiener, Iconog., t. 85, f. 1, 89 89. Conus convolutus, Sowb. (= pyramidalisj. Thes., f. 564, 89 90. Conus gloria-maris, Hwass. Thes. Conch., f. 586, . 89 91. Conus solidus, Sowb. (= retifer, Mke.). Reeve, Icon., f. 23 6, 89 92. 93. Conus textile. Linn., Operculum. Jour, de Conch., t. 13, f. 2, 1874, 89 94. Conus textile, Linn. Quoy, Toy. Astrol., t. 53, f. 16, . 89 95. Conus vicarius, Lam. (=-. textile). Sowb., Thes., f. 565, 90 96. Conus scriptus, Sowb. (= textile). Thes. Conch., f. 563, 90 97. Conus telatus, Reeve (= textile, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 584, 90 98. Conus tigrinus, Sowb. (= textile, var.). Thes., f. 569, 90 99. Conus verriculum, Reeve (= textile, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 570, 90 PLATE 30. 100. Conus euetrios, Sowb. (= textile, var.). Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 6, 1882, . . . . . .90 150 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 1. Conus archiepiscopus, Hwass (= textile, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 571, 90 2. Conus eanonicus, Hwass ( = textile, var.). Sowb., Thes., f. 568, . . ... 90 3. Conus Madagascariensis, Sowb. (== textile, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 582, 90 4. Conus condensus, Sowb. (= textile, var.). Thes. Suppl., t. 287, f. 622, 90 5. Conus legatus, Lam. (= textile, var.). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 85, . 90 6. Conus Victoriae, Reeve (= textile, var.) Conch. Icon., f. 202 a, . . ... 91 7. Conus complanatus, Sowb. (= textile, var.) Thes. Suppl., t. 289, f. 651, . . . . ' . .91 8. Conus Prevosti, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 56t f. 3, . 91 9. Conus concatenatus, Kiener. Coq. viv., t. 110, f. 1, . 91 10. Conus Dalli, Stearns. Cal. Proc., v, t. 1, f, 1, . . 91 11. Conus reticulatus, Sowb. (= lucidus, Mawe). Reeve, Icon., f. 52, . 91 12. Conus abbas, Hwass. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 575, . 92 13. Conus panniculus, Lam. (= abbas, var.) Sowb.. Thes., f.574, 92 14. Conus corbula, Sowb. (= abbas, var.) Thes. Conch., f. 573 92 15. Conus Elizre, Kiener. Iconog., t. 64, f. 1 a, . . 92 PLATE 31. 16. 17. Conus crocatus, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 588, 589, 92 18. Conus racemosus, Sowb. Zool. Proc., 1873, t. 59, f. 11, 92 19. Conus omaria, Hwass. Sowb., Thes., f. 594, . . 92 20. 21. Conus pennaceus, Born (= omaria). Sowb., Thes., f. 599, 600, 93 22. Conus prselatus, Hwass (= omaria). Sowb., Thes., f. 595, 93 23, 24. Conus episcopus, Hwass (== omaria). Sowb., Thes., f. 596, 598, 93 25. Conus rubiginosus, Hwass (= omaria). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 590, 93 26. Conus magnificus, Reeve (== omaria). Sowb., Thes., f. 592, .93 27. Conus stellatus, Kiener (= omaria). Iconog., t. 99, f. 3, 93 28. Conus colubrinus, Lam. (= omaria). Kiener, Iconog., t. 82, f. 3, . . . . . . . .93 29. Conus aulicus, Linn. Thes. Conch., f. 593, . . 93 30. Conus auratus, Lam. (= aulicus). Thes. Conch. ,f. 591, 93 \v UNIVERSITY FAMILY PLEUtiOTOMID^. Shell fusiform, with a more or less produced anterior canal, and a slit or sinus of the outer margin of the aperture near the suture. Operculum (not always present) corneous, annular, the nucleus apical, or subcentral and nearly marginal. Animal with widely separated tentacles, the eyes usually at or near their base ; mantle generally with a sinus on the right margin corresponding with the sinus of the shell ; siphon long. Denti- tion : usually there are no central teeth, and the laterals are a single one on either side of the lingual band (1-0-1) ; but in some groups there is a central tooth, and in others there are two laterals. No jaws. The dentition, however it varies in minor respects, always pre- serves a resemblance to that of the Conidse, Terebridae and Can- cellariidae sufficient to include it with these in a great group Toxoglossa. The teeth are long, usually subulate, supplied with venom from a large gland (PI. 33, fig. 52). There is some resemblance in the sinus of the shell between Conus and the principal groups of Pleurotomidaa ; and even in form, Genotia is connected, through Conorbis, with Conus. On the other hand Pusionella seems to form the connecting link with Terebra, Halia with Cancellaria, etc. In no other group of mollusks is it so difficult to make a satis- factory classification as in the Pleurotomidae. The forms are exceedingly numerous, and known in many species to be very variable in their characters, whilst the material for the recognition of most of those described is generally scant}r. Of the figured species, a very large proportion were described from single or few specimens, and most cabinets, however large, do not possess shells which can be certainly identified with these : then there is an unusually large proportion (amounting to hundreds) of un- figured species, the recognition of which is simply impossible. The many generic and subgeneric groups that have been made, far from enabling us to arrange the species in something like systematic order, only increase the confusion ; for so great is the variability of all the characters that nearly allied species have 11 * (151) 152 PLEUBOTOMITD^E. been constantly separated into different groups ; and of a large proportion of the species, the proper relationships have not and cannot be worked out from accessible material. In no other family of shells have these groups been so hastily proposed or with so little data upon which to found them ; yet so generally have they been adopted that to destroy ill-founded groups and unite the species under the one generic name Pleurotoma, would cause such a large duplication of specific names, and consequently so much alteration of these latter, that it appears better, in the interest of science, to retain some of these genera. In the " Structural and Systematic Conchology " I have recorded thirty-three groups, sections or subgenera under the genus Pleurotoma, and without indicating any difference of rank or grade among these ; here I shall be compelled to arrange them into subfamilies, genera, subgenera and sections, supplied with characters only exhibited by selected typical species, and even in these of much inferior importance to those upon which similar divisions are founded in most other families of mollusks. The three subfamily characters, the presence or absence of an oper- culum, and the position of the nucleus when the operculum is present, would be far from having similar rank in many other families of marine mollusks ; it only needs to refer to the Muricidse, Tritonidse, etc., where the position of the nucleus is considered of only subgeneric importance ; to the Buccinidse, in one genus of which the operculum is indifferently absent or present in the same species. This character becomes of still less value to us because the operculum has so seldom been preserved that in more than half of the species it has neither been figured nor described ; and because there are no other characters from which that of the operculum can be predicated. In " Structural and Systematic Conchology," vol. ii, p. 50, will be found Dr. Gray's account of the reproduction of a lost portion of an operculum in Pleurotoma babylonica; the operculum which normally has an apical nucleus, by this restoration having concentric lamellae from the middle. The other systematic characters — the length of the canal, position of the sinus, surface of the embryonic whorls, sculpture, etc. — are equally unreliable. It is not surprising that in groups so vaguely defined the personal equation should be more than PLEUROTOMIDJE. 153 usually apparent in the classification ; so that in studying a group of Pleurotoma it is as absolutely necessary to know how each author who has described species as of that group, compre- hended its characters, as it is to refer to the diagnosis itself. The systematic works on the Pleurotomidse are few and very incomplete. They include the following monographies : — Kiener, Iconographie des coquilles vivantes, 27 plates, illus- trating 57 species. Reeve, Monograph of Pleurotoma. Conchologia Iconica, 369 species. Reeve, Monog. of Mangilia. Conch. Icon., 11 species. Weinkauff, in Kiister's Conchylien Cabinet, 172 species. This work is in course of publication, but no portion of it has ap- peared for a considerable period. Dr. Weinkauff has also catalogued the species of some of the groups in Jahrbiicher der Deutschen Malak. G-esell., iv, 187 7. The principal classifications of the family are those of — H. and A. Adams, Genera of Recent Mollusca, i, 88, . 1853 Bellardi, Moll. Tert. du Piemonte, pt. 2, .... 1877 Weinkauff, Jahrb. Deutsch. Mai. Gesell., iii, 1, . .1876 Tryon, Structural and Systematic Conchology, ii, 183, . 1883 Fischer, Manuel de Conchyliologie, 589, .... 1884 Differing in detail, the three latter are essentially founded upon that of Messrs. Adams. Living species of Pleurotomidae are found in all seas ; never- theless certain groups are restricted in distribution. Pleurotoma being tropical and subtropical, Bela boreal, etc. The family is geologically modern, but was very numerously represented in tertiary beds, particularly those of northern Italy. FAMILY PLEUROTOMIDJE. Subfamily Pleurotominx. Operculum oval, with terminal nucleus. Subfamily Clavatulinae. Operculum pyriform, with lateral, internal nucleus. Subfamity Mangiliinae. No operculum. 154 PLEtJRO'fOMIDjE. Synopsis of Genera. I. Pleurotominae. Genus PLEUROTOMA, Lamarck, 1799. Shell turriculated, fusiform ; spire long, sharp ; aperture ovate, the columellar margin smooth, the outer lip with a narrow pro- found sinus separated rather distantly from the suture ; canal long and narrow, straight, open. Animal, foot truncated anteriorly, obtuse posteriorly ; tentacles cylindrical, with eyes externally near their base; teeth falciform, angulated (1-0-1). Dentition, PL 33, fig. 54. Generally large shells variegated with spots. Inhabiting warm seas. Fossil, tertiary. Subgenus GEMMULA, Weinkauff, 1875. Shell spindle-like, canal rather long and narrow, sometimes curved ; sinus straight, more or less narrow and long, terminating a nodulous peripheral keel ; embryonal whorls three or four, the two upper ones smooth, upright, the others longitudinally ribbed. Consists of a few species having upright embryonal whorls, these being inclined in Pleurotoma. Genus GENOTIA, H. and A. Adams, 1853. Shell narrowly obconic, cancellated, body-whorl gradually tapering to a but slightly developed canal ; lip-sinus wide and shallow; aperture long and narrow, with subparallel margins. Operculum unguiculate. Animal resembling Conus. The name is derived from Genot, by which Adanson called the type species. W. Coast of Africa. Pseudotoma, Dolichotoma, Oligotoma and Ronaultia of Bel- lardi and Cryptoconus, Koenen, are sections containing European tertiary species. Their characters are not important. Genus COLUMBARIUM, E. von Martens, 1881. Shell fusiform, carinated, spiny ; embryonic tip of the spire globular ; aperture short, oval ; sinus of the lip scarcely indicated by a slight curve ; canal narrow, very long. W. Australia, China, Panama. The group is placed here by von Martens on account PLEUROTOMIIXffi. 155 of the lingual dentition ; conchologically the species belong in Fusus. Genus ANCISTROSYRINX,Dall, 1881. Whorls concave below the suture ; with a wide deep sinus, bordered externally by an elevated frill directed backwards. Operculum and dentition not described. Only a single species known, and its systematic position very uncertain. Genus DRILLIA, Gray, 1838. Shell turriculated, with longitudinal ribs, and usually revolving striae ; last whorl usually short ; spire elevated ; columella with a posterior callus ; outer lip thick, but not varicose, nor dentate within, flexuous, with a well-marked posterior sinus near (but not reaching) the suture, and an anterior constriction or sinuosity ; canal short, curved, usually narrow. Principally distinguished from Pleurotoma by the smaller size and short recurved canal. Animal with tentacles approaching at their bases and eyes near their extremities. Distr. — Warm Seas. Fossil, cretaceous, U. S.; miocene, Eur. The following, generally regarded as subgenera, will be treated as sections in this work : — Section CRASSISPIRA, Swainson, 1840. Shell somewhat clavi- form, tuberculated ; anterior canal very short ; inner lip with a thick posterior callus ; outer lip thick within. Section CONOPLEURA, Hinds, 1844. Shell coniform; aperture narrow, sinuous ; columellar lip callous , canal very short ; outer lip sinuous, with a profound lateral sinus. Section CLAVUS, Montfort, 1810. Tuberculated or spiny; aperture rather large ; outer lip produced below the sinus. Section BRACHYTOMA, Swainson, 1840. Shell strombiform ; columellar lip rather thick ; outer lip ascending and forming a canal-like sinus near the suture. Genus SPIROTROPIS, Sars., 1878. Shell turriculated, rather thin ; apex obtuse ; whorls carinated, sinus profound, distant from the suture. Operculum normal. Dentition (PI. 33, fig. 53) very distinct ; formula 1-1-1-1-1. 156 PLEUROTOMIM. Genus BELA (Leach), Gray, 1847. Shell usually thin and white, fusiform; spire elongated, turreted ; canal short, straight, truncated below ; columella simple, flattened ; lip thin, the sinus absent or barely indicated. Operculum oval, pyriform, with apical nucleus, Foot truncated or bilobed in front, drawn out behind ; ten- tacles cylindrical, rather short, the eyes external at the middle or three-fourths of their length. Teeth straight ( 1-0-1 ) ; Plate 33, figs. 55, 52. Distr. — Northern Seas. The following may be considered sections : — Section TYPHLOMANGILIA, Sars., 1878. Animal blind. Section H^EDROPLEURA, Monterosato, 1883. Shell not turricu- lated, with a few strong longitudinal ribs. Mediterranean. Section ETALLONIA, Desh., 1862. This eocene group is here included by Dr. Fischer. I have placed it in the family Aplus- tridse (S. and S. Conch., ii, 362). Subgenus BELOMITRA, Fischer, 1882. Shell elongated, with mammillary apex; aperture oblong; lip sinuous, slightly concave towards the suture ; columellar lip with several small but strong plications ; canal short. Operculum with apical nucleus. Genus LACHESIS, Risso, 1826. Shell small, strong, turreted, many-whorled, the last whorl not very large ; surface sculptured by longitudinal ribs and revolving striae ; apex mammillated ; aperture oval ; canal very short, straight, not recurved ; outer lip slightly thickened exter- nally, crenated within, without apparent sinus. Operculum unguiculate. Animal with diverging tentacles, short siphon, and short ovate foot ; the eyes on stalks connate with, and at half the length of the tentacles. I retain the above name, although previously used by Daudin in reptilia and by Savigny in arachnida. One of its synonyms, Nessea, Risso, was also used by Lamarck for a genus of Polyps, and by Leach in Crustacea. On these accounts the group has PLEUROTOMID.3S, 157 been recently recliristened Donovania. but it appears unneces- sary to make any change. Genus BORSONIA, Bellardi, 1846. Shell fusiform, spire elevated ; canal well-marked ; columella with one or two strong plications ; sinus of the outer lip not deep, opening in the infrasutural depression of the body-whorl. Abyssal zone, West Indies and Brazil. Fossil, tertiary of Europe and America. Described from a fossil group having a single coluinellar plait, but Cordiera, Rouault (=; Scobinella, Conrad), having two plaits, is usually considered identical, as in examples of some species one or two plaits appear to be indifferently developed. II. Cla,vatulinae. Genus CLAYATULA, Lamarck, 1801. Shell fusiform, with well-produced spire, the whorls coronated with tubercles or short spines at the suture; aperture oval; columellar lip smooth, arcuate, callous behind ; outer lip thin, arcuated, with the sinus situated below the sutural coronal. Operculum semioval, the nucleus about the middle, on the inner side. Foot large, short, obtuse behind ; eyes placed externally near the extremity of the tentacles. Dentition : a small unicuspid central tooth with single sharp laterals (1-1-1). The species mostly inhabit the west coast of Africa ; they also occur in the tertiary of Europe. Subgenus PERRONA, Schumacher, 1817 (Tomella, Swains., 1840). Spire carinated or smooth, whorls not tubercular or spinose ; sinus more or less near the suture. Subgenus CLIONELLA, Gray, 1847. Shell narrowly bucciniform, turriculated, whorls somewhat flattened, longitudinally ribbed, having a thick epidermis ; spire elevated ; canal scarcely indicated at the broad base of the aperture ; lip with a small infrasutural sinus. Operculum with lateral nucleus. 158 PLEUROTOMID^E. Foot short, broad, rounded behind ; eyes near the tips of the tentacles. Dentition (1-1-1), PL 33, fig. 58. Supposed to be a fluviatile species, allied to Melanopsis, which it superficially resembles, the marine habitat and family relations of Clionella were first pointed out by Stimpson (Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., xxxviii, 48 ; Am. Jour. Conch., i, 62). He unnecessarily made a new family, Clionellidse, for it, and for the slightly different type of dentition proposed Tomoglossata. Genus PUSIONELLA, Gray, 1847. Shell fusiform, solid, smooth, shining; whorls numerous ; spire sharp ; lip without sinus ; canal short, exteriorly carinated at the base ; columella twisted anteriorly. Operculum with lateral nucleus. Eyes at the external bases of the tentacles. W. Coast of Africa. The smooth shining whorls and form of the spire resemble Terebra, but the body-whorl is proportionally larger and wider than in that genus, and more contracted below, and the spire is much shorter. Differs from Terebra also in the position of the eyes, which are terminal in the latter. It may readily be dis- tinguished from Clavatula by its smooth surface and the absence of a sinus of the lip. Genus SURCULA, H. and A. Adams, 1853. Shell turriculated, fusiform ; spire long ; lip-sinus in the infrasutural depression above the peripheral carina ; canal long, slightly bent. Operculum with medio-lateral nucleus. Animal with eyes at the base of the tentacles. Dentition (1-0-1), PI. 33, fig. 59. Distr. — Warm Eastern Seas. The tertian groups Clinura, Brocchi (Europe), and Surculites, Conrad (United States), may be here included. III. Mangiliinse. Genus MANGILIA, Risso, 1826. Dedicated to the Italian naturalist, Mangili. Not Mangelia, as usually written. Shell fusiform, imperforate ; aperture oval-elongated, usually PLEUROTOMID^E. 1 5 9 narrow, terminating in a rather short, truncated canal ; lip-sinus near the suture. No operculum. Foot dilated in front, and attenuated behind ; eyes placed on peduncles connate with the tentacles, and at about the middle of the latter, and exterior. Teeth hastiform (1-0-1). The animal of Mangilia is slow in its movements. It can sustain itself at the surface of the water, shell downwards. The oviposit consists of membranous hemispherical capsules, having a central opening, ordinarily attached to the interior of old bivalve shells. Each capsule contains from 200 to 300 eggs (Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv). The great number of small species, inhabiting all portions of the globe, which have been referred to Mangilia, may be conve- niently divided into the following sections ; — Section MANGILIA (restricted). Shell longitudinally costulate ; aperture narrow ; lip varicose ; sinus well marked ; canal short. Section CYTHARA, Schum., 1817 (not Klein, 1753 = Harpa. Otocheilus, Conr. ; Cytharella, Monteros ; Eucithara, Fischer, 1883). Shell Colnmbelliform, longitudinally costellated ; spire short ; aperture narrow ; outer lip denticulated within ; colu- mellar lip striated. Section CYTHAROPSIS, A. Adams, 1865 (not Citharopsis, Pease = Columbellidae). Whorls of the spire cancellated ; colurnella sillonated ; canal curved, elongated. Section GLYPHOSTOMA, Gabb, 1872. Shell fusiform ; columellar lip plicated throughout ; outer lip thickened, plicate within ; sinus profound ; canal long, somewhat bent. Founded on a West Indian tertiary fossil, but some living species are referred to the group. Genus CLATHURELLA, Carpenter, 1857 (Defrancia, Millet, 1826.) Apex mammillary ; sinus varicose, sutural ; columella tubercu- lated posterior^, rugose in front ; canal slightly curved. Den- tition, PL 33, figs. 56, 57. Defrancia was preoccupied by Bronn for a genus of Polyzoa ; but that is said to be a synonym of Pelagia, Lamouroux ; so that perhaps it ought to be restored for the mollusks. Clathurella appears to differ from Mangilia prin- cipally in its more rounded whorls, and cancellated sculpture. 160 PLEUROTOMID^E. It is retained as a genus to prevent the duplication of specific names. Ditoma and Atoma, Bellardi, are groups found in the Italian tertiary which may be here referred. Genus DAPHNELLA, Hinds, 1844. Shell thin, fragile, oval-fusiform ; whorls convex ; body-whorl elongated, surface finely cancellated ; aperture oval ; lip simple, not varicose, arcuated ; canal very short. Warm. Seas. Small and elegant shells, of slight texture, distinguished by their elongated body-whorl, tenuity and sculpture. The following may be considered sections of Daphnella : — Section RAPHITOMA, Bellardi, 1847. Shell small, fusiform, or turriculated, with longitudinal sculpture; lip sinuous behind, but without well-defined sinus. There are a number of tertiary species. Section HOMOTOMA, Bellardi, 1875. Whorls canaliculated at the suture. Tertiary only. Section TERES, Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf., 1882. Shell fusiform ; spire long ; sinus profound ; columella straight, obliquety trun- cate at the base. Section BELLARDIELLA, Fischer, 1883 (Bellardia, Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf., 1882, non Mayer, 1870). Form lanceolate, similar to that of the true Pleurotomas ; sinus sutural ; canal rather long. Section ZAFRA, A. Adams, 1872. Shell acuminately oval, tumid in the middle ; whorls longitudinally plicate, the last constricted at the base ; aperture linear ; inner lip effuse, its margin free; outer lip acute, subsinuous behind, subinflected in the middle. Seminella, Pease, which has by some been considered identical with Zafra, appears to me to be Columbelloid, and I have so treated it in vol. v of this work. Section THESBIA, Jeffreys, 1867. Shell thin, rather smooth, somewhat tumid, with a short spire and irregularly contorted apex ; aperture slightly expanded, the outer lip thin, with distinct sinus ; canal short ; columella simple. Section TARANIS, Jeffreys, 1870. Shell minute, cancellated, whorls angulated ; slightly exserted at base ; aperture pyriform ; outer lip thin, simple ; sinus obsolete ; canal short. PLEUROTOMID^E. 161 Section PLEUROTOMELLA, Yerrill, 1873. Shell somewhat tur- reted ; apical whorls smooth ; the others shouldered and ribbed, but with a smootji concave surface above the shoulder ; lip-sinus . wide, very deep ; canal short. Animal blind. Section MITROMORPHA, A. Adams, 1865. Shell small, Mitri- form, with revolving lirse, and sometimes longitudinally plicate; columella straight, bearing a number of short plicae or teeth upon it ; lip acute, smooth within, scarcely sinuated posteriorly. California, Japan. This group has sometimes been referred to Mitra (see Manual, iv, 145), but the armament of the columella is not always present, and when it is, it more resembles a set of small callous deposits than revolving plicae. Subgenus APHANITOMA, Bellardi, 1815. Shell fusiform ; sinus scarcely apparent ; columella nearly straight, biplicate ; canal rather short, slightly curved. Tertiary only. Europe. Genus HALIA, Risso, 1826. Shell oval-oblong, ventricose, thin, fragile, shining, smooth; spire obtuse ; aperture oval ; columella truncated at the base ; lip simple, arcuated, slightly sinuous. One living species, Atlantic near Cadiz, and N. W. Africa; fossil, a species in the pliocene of N. Italy. The classification of this mollusk has a long and interesting history, which is given with some detail in a paper by Dr. Paul Fischer, entitled " Monographic du genre Halia Risso (Priamus Beck)," published in Journal de Conchyl., 2d ser., iii, 141. There was great uncertainty until within comparatively recent times, as to its habitat — whether terrestrial or marine, and the animal remained unknown until 1858. Various ancient authors classed it successively as a Helix, Buccinum, Bulla, Bulimus, Achatina (Lamarck), Cochlicopa (Pfeiffer : Helicidaa). In 1838, Deshayes published the genus Priamus, Beck, and made it an operculated marine shell between Buccinum and Struthiolaria ; and since that period and up to 1858 the shell has been generally classed in the neighborhood of the Strombs or Buccinidse. Hermannsen, in 1846, discovered that Priamus was identical 162 PLEUROTOMA. with a genus described by Risso in 1826, founded upon a tertiary fossil long known to science as Bulla helicoides, and which he called Halia. The animal of Halia possesses a voluminous, much thickened foot, oval-oblong, rounded at the extremities ; without operculum ; the mantle is well developed, but thin, its free margin finely papillary, its left margin partially covering, with a duplicature, the columella of the shell ; tentacles very large, conical, flattened ; eyes on the tentacles, at about a quarter of their length from the base; siphon well developed; dentition (1-0-1), the teeth or spinules laid diagonally forward from the unarmed central por- tion, to the margin on either side, and the lingual plate being very narrow in proportion to its length (PL 33, fig. 51). The fragility of the shell and its rare occurrence caused Fischer to suppose that it inhabits the tranquil depths of the sea, and since his paper the deep-sea explorations have shown that his surmise was correct. The length of the proboscis, the slight development of lingual armor, and the long intestinal canal, indicate an animal phytophagous in habit, or if zoopha- gous, living upon fragile organisms, or those partly decomposed. I. Pleurotominse. Genus PLEUROTOMA, Lam. Typical. Pictse. Shell brown-spotted on the revolving ribs. A. With long, straight canal. P. BABYLONIA, Linn. PI. 1, figs, a-c, 1, 2 ; PI. 2, fig. 4. Shell with somewhat angular whorls, caused by the greater prominence of one of the revolving ribs ; sculpture large revolv- ing ribs, with intermediate raised lines ; whitish, with large dark brown or nearly black spots upon the ribs. L. 85, diam. 23 mill. Philippines, Moluccas, Neiv Guinea, Timor, Mauritius. In P. spectabilis, Reeve (fig. 2), the canal is shorter, as is also the lip-sinus, and the shell is more or less distinctly fasciate with orange-brown, next the sutures, and also upon the lower part of the body-whorl. The specimens before me indicate a transition from this to the typical form, so that spectabilis can scarcely claim varietal rank. P. venusta, Reeve (PI. 2, fig. 4), described TLEUROTOMA. 163 from a unique specimen in the Cumingian collection, from the Philippines, is also a synonym. P. GARNONSII, Reeve. PL 2, fig. 5. Shell narrower than the preceding species, with narrower and sharper revolving ribs ; above the sinus these are mostly replaced by several revolving raised lines ; whitish or yellowish white, with small brown spots on the principal ribs, larger oblique brown patches below the sutures, and on the body-whorl near the top of the canal — the latter are frequently confluent into a broad, more or less interrupted band. L. 3 inches, diam. '8 inch. Red Sea, East Africa, Mauritius, Java. P. babylonia, var. of Kiener = this species. P. RAFFRAYI, Tapparone-Canefri. P1..1, fig. 3. Shell spotted at the sutures, otherwise ornamented with longi- tudinal brown flammules. L. 70, diam. 18 mill. New Guinea. The spots on the ribs have, in this form, coalesced into longi- tudinal stripes. One of my specimens of P. Garnonsii exhibits a tendency towards this ornamentation, and I do not think that the present species has much claim to recognition. P. GRANDIS, Gray. PI. 1, figs." 6, 7. Whorls not much angulated, with sculpture of many rather small sharp revolving ribs and intermediate raised lines ; yellowish white, numerously spotted with chestnut-brown upon the larger ribs, the spots often coalescing into irregular longi- tudinal stripes. L. 6 inches, diam. 28 mill. China Sea, Viti Islands. P. crispa, Lam. (fig. 6), can only be considered a j^ounger state of this species, and, of course, has priority of description ; but Gray's name is so appropriate to the largest species of the genus, and is so well-known, that it had better remain undis- turbed. P. PICTA, Beck. PI. 2, fig. 19 ; PI. 1, fig. 8. Shell somewhat more carinated than P. grandis, with less numerous ribs, more sparingly painted with brown spots. L. 93, diam. 20 mill. West Coast of Central America, Gulf of California. 164 PLEUROTOMA. The dimensions are taken from P. Bomber gi, Morch (fig. 8), which is merely a larger example of P. picta. P. TIQRINA, Lamarck. PL 2, fig. 10. Shell with sharply carinated whorls, the carina consisting of a pair of narrow ribs; whole surface with close, raised revolving lines, of which two or three below the carina are more prominent ; whitish, minutely numerously brown-spotted, with usually a row of larger spots below the suture. L. 65, diam. 20 mill. Philippines (Cuming), Viti Islands (Garrett). P. JIOKELII, Weinkauff. PL 2, fig. 11. Shell less carinated, with more rounded revolving ribs than the preceding species, with large spots at the sutures and smaller ones elsewhere, coalescing into longitudinal streaks. L. 53, diam. 13 mill. Red Sea. A species having no strongly marked characters, and perhaps only a variety of P. Garnonsii, between which and P. tigrina it appears to form a connecting link in its general appearance — although there are minor points of difference from both of them. P. PICTURATA, Weinkauff. PL 2, fig. 12. Shell bluntly carinated by a pair of approximated revolving ribs, with numerous smaller but unequal ribs ; white, with chestnut spots, sometimes coalescing into longitudinal stripes, and a row of larger spots at the suture ; the canal is much shorter than in any of the preceding species. L. 43, diam. 12-14 mill. Indian Ocean. Confounded by Reeve with P. variegata, Kiener. P. VARIEGATA, Kiener. PL 2, fig. 13. Shell scarcely carinated by a single revolving rib, above and below which are two revolving threads, and then covering the balance of the body-whorl, alternate small ribs and threads, the former spotted with chestnut-brown ; canal rather wide, and of moderate length. L. 82, diam. 22 mill. Indian Ocean, Philippines, Japan. Not so sharply keeled, with shorter, wider canal, and wanting the duplicated keel-rib of P. tigrina ; the want of duplication in PLEUROTOMA. 165 the keel-rib, and somewhat larger size and proportionally longer canal will distinguish it from the last species. P. ALBINA, Lamarck. PI. 2, fig. 14. Keel-rib flattened, bearing a row of equidistant, somewhat- quadrangular brown spots, the rest of the surface very minutely and numerously punctate with brown. L. 58, diam. 15 mill. Moluccas. The conspicuous painting on the slit-band, contrasted with the very minute sprinkling of brown dots elsewhere, is the distinguishing characteristic of this species. P. GRACILLIMA, Weinkauff. PL 2, fig. 15. Shell spirally ribbed, the second rib from the sutures crenu- lated,the third prominent; white, sparsely maculated with chest- nut. L. 36, diam. 9 mill. Habitat unknown. Distinguished by its narrow, graceful form, and crenulation. P. MARMORATA, Lamarck. PI. 2, figs. 16, 16 a, 17. Shell rather sharply carinate on the shoulder, encircled by narrow small, sharp ribs and intermediate raised lines; white, usually thickly maculated in a longitudinal manner with chestnut- brown, sometimes minutely punctate with chestnut. L. 75, diam. 21 mill. Eed Sea, Malacca, Japan, Australia, Polynesia. The usual appearance of this species is represented by fig. 16 ; occasionally it is spotted, and sometimes it is entirely devoid of coloring. P. hastula, Reeve (fig. 17), is the young of this species. P. PEASEANA, Bunker. PL 2, fig. 18. Shell carinate, with a pair of prominent ribs at the suture and other less prominent ribs and raised lines throughout ; yellowish, flammulate with brown. L. 25, diam. 7 mill. Indian Ocean. A young shell, which may possibly prove to be identical with P. Garnonsii, Reeve. P. TJNEDO, Valenciennes. PL 3, fig. 20. Shell angularly turreted, with concavely sloping shoulders defined by duplicate granular ribs, forming the angle ; every- 166 PLEUROTOMA. where encircled by narrow elevated ribs and striae which are often granular or coarsely decussated by rugose growth-lines ; white, clouded and spotted with light chestnut. L. 66, diam. 23 mill. Indian Ocean, Japan. P. UNDOSA, Lamarck. PL 3, fig. 21. Spire long; convex; carinated, narrowly ribbed throughout, the ribs with intermediate raised lines ; canal short ; white, pro- fusely maculated longitudinally with chestnut ; aperture purple. L. 64, diam. 20 mill. Indian Ocean, Philippines. The long spire, short canal, profuse maculations and purple aperture are the principal features. P. GrUERiNii, Duval. Unidentified. Habitat unknown. P. LATERCULATA, Sowerby. Unfigured. China Seas. P. ALBULA, Hutton. Unfigured. New Zealand. B. With short canal. P. CINGULIFERA, Lamarck. PL 3, fig. 23. Shell rather narrow, with very long spire, and short canal, corded with larger and smaller riblets and raised lines, and very slightly angulated on each whorl b}" a somewhat larger rib, which is occasionally bipartite ; growth-striae sharp, sometimes decus- sating the smaller spiral lines ; whitish, very closely and finely peppered with chestnut, with chestnut spots on the shoulder-rib. L. 53, diam. 16 mill. Red Sea, Philippines, to Sandwich Islands. P. amicta, E. A. Smith, from the Sandwich Islands, differs apparently only in the coloring ; it is unfigured. P. ERYTHR^EA, Jickeli. PL 3, fig. 24. Revolving riblets more regular, flatter, and proportionally larger than in the preceding species, chestnut punctations larger and darker-colored, the line of spots on the second rib from the suture being particularly conspicuous ; base of aperture violet- tinted. L. 22, diam. 8 mill. Red Sea. Notwithstanding the above distinctive characters, I think this will prove to be a synonym of P. cingulifera. PLEUROTOMA. 167 P. ABBREVIATA, Reeve. PL 3, fig. 25. Shell rather stout, with a prominent shoulder-keel, composed of two approximate ribs, and less prominent revolving ribs and lines below it, articulated with dark chestnut; above the keel concave, with a strong rounded sutural rib, marked by large dark chestnut spots. L. 33, diam. 12-15 mill. Red Sea, Mauritius, Philippines, Viti Islands. P. USTULATA, Reeve. PL 3, fig. 26. Shell short and stout, with channeled sutures and a carination composed of a pair of ribs, above and below which the surface is irregularly lirulate ; pale burnt-brown, with transverse chestnut spots, and darker spots on the keel. L. 32, diam. 13 mill. Mauritius. P. PHELIPINERI, Tenison-Woods. PL 34, fig. 82. Shell elongately fusiform, ovate, turreted, rather solid, shining, pale chestnut, at the suture dotted fulvous ; spire conical, a little longer than the aperture : whorls nine, convex, sloping, angular above and canaliculate, granular at the angle and sutures ; spirally lirate and very finely striate lengthwise ; lirae broad, rounded ; interstices furnished with two or three lirulse ; apex acute, nucleus smooth, rounded ; aperture widely ovate, labrum acute, sinus broad and deep, lip reflected, white, throat polished, canal short, scarcely recurved. The granules at the angle wide and numerous. L. 34, diam. 15 ; long, apert. 15, lat. 8 mill. Tasmania. Figured from a specimen kindly sent by Mr. C. E. Beddome. P. VIRGINEA, Valenciennes. PL 34, fig. 80. Shell short, with obtuse canal and spire, with strong revolving ribs ; whitish, maculated and spotted with chestnut. Length, 19 mill. Japan (Schrenck). Peculiar in its stumpy form : it is very different from Clava- tula virginea, Beck. Cingulatde. Shell usually brownish or horn-color, unspotted, with strong, sharp revolving ribs. A. With long canal. P. FAGINA, Ads. and Reeve. PL 3, fig. 22. Shell dark chestnut-brown, with close, equal revolving ribs and narrower equal grooves, aperture purple. Length, TO mill. 12 China Sea. 168 PLEUROTOMA. P. CRYPTORRAPHE, Sowb. PL 3, figs. 30, 31. Yellowish brown to chestnut-color, with two strong sharp keels, and smaller revolving lines, aperture frequently tinged with purple. L. 70, diam. 18 mill. Philippines, Moluccas. It is the PL bicarinatus of Wood, and P. Woodii of Kiener (fig. 31). P. elongata, Gray, is possibly the same. P. YIRGO, Lamarck. PI. 3, fig. 32 ; PI. 4, figs. 34, 35, 43. Shell ridged and striated, the central ridge forming a carina ; usually glossy white, but when covered by its epidermis corneous. L. 100, diam. 28 mill. West Indies. The above measurement is from an unusual!}7 large specimen before me. PL Antillarum, Crosse (fig. 34), and P. Jelskii, Crosse (fig. 35), are younger examples of the same species, the slight variations shown by the figures being connected with the type form by the series of specimens before me. P. Gruneri, Phil. (fig. 43), may also be referred here. P. INDICA, Deshayes. PI. 6, figs. 82, 80. Shell very like the preceding species, but less distinctly ridged, the shoulder-angle being very slight, and the other revolving ridges very much smaller and closer; 3'rellowish brown, some- times indistinctly marbled or variegated. L. 80, diam. 22 mill. ' China. With this species I am compelled to unite P. Deshayesii, Doumet (fig. 80 J, as I cannot find any good distinctive characters ; the carinations being merely a little less prominent in the latter. Reeve identifies with P. Deshayesii, P. elongata, Gray, a shell described, but not figured, in the Voy. of the Blossom. I can- not agree to this, as the description indicates a shell similar to P. cryptorraphe , Sowb. P. OXYTROPIS, Sowb. PL 4, figs. 38, 39, 37. Shell horn-colored, with several sharp keels and numerous spiral raised lines, the upper keel the strongest, angulating the whorls, the surface concave above it. L. 45, diam. 16 mill. Panama (to Gulf of California], Japan, China. P. nobilis, Hinds (fig. 39), and probably the unfigured P. albi- carinata, Sowb., are synonyms. The keels are lighter-colored or nearly white on the top, because denuded of epidermis by PLEUROTOMA. 169 rubbing. P. leucotropis, Adams and Reeve (fig. 37), has no dis- tinctive characters except its different distribution, and may also be united with this species. Sowerby reports it from Mauritius, and its occurrence in tho China Sea is well-established ; on tUe other hand the west coast of America localities of P. oxytropis need confirmation. P. FASCTALIS, Lamarck. PI. 4, fig. 40, 45. Shell concavety shouldered, forming a somewhat baby Ionic spire, sharply ridged throughout, the two ridges forming the shoulder more prominent ; yellowish to brownish, the ridges dark chestnut. L. 50, diam. 18 mill. Philippines; Red Sea (Issel). P. brevicaudata, Reeve (fig. 45), appears to me to be a juvenile of this species. P. P^TELIANA, Weinkauff. PL 13, fig. 58. Whorls ten, slightly excavated above, girdled by prominent lira? ; light violet brown, bilineated with white ; aperture purple- brown. Length, 30 mill. • Habitat unknown. P. LIRATA, Pease. Shell fusiform, turreted, keeled all over, keels nearly of the same size, and almost equidistant, the keel on the middle of the whorls slightly the largest, the intermediate superfices concave, interstices between the keels finely striate longitudinally ; sinus deep; canal short; white, keels spotted with reddish brown. L. 35, diam. 12 mill. Isl. Oahu. Is possibly identical with P. Paeteliana, but differs in having the keels spotted. I have not seen it, and no figure has been published. The specific name is preoccupied. B. With short canal. P. VIOLACEA, Hinds. PL 4, fig. 42 ; PL 3, figs. 29, 29 a. Shell multicarinate, the interstices longitudinally striate ; pale violaceous or whitish, sometimes indistinctly fasciated with a darker color above ; columella one- or two-plaited ; outer lip acute, crenulated, with a slight sinus. L. 24, diani. f mill. Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Japan, Philippines, New Guinea, New Zealand, Australia. 170 PLEUROTOMA. C. B. Adams changed the name of this species to fieevei because he had previously described a shell under the name of violacea, but as the latter is a Bela, Hinds' name ma}' stand. P. vertebrata, E. A. Smith (figs. 29, 29 a), is probably synony- mous. P. DECLIVIS, Martens. PL 4, fig. 41. Shell multicarinate, the carinae stronger and fewer than in the preceding species ; canal somewhat more produced and narrowed ; sinus shallow ; columella not plicate ; color light reddish fulvous. L. 33, diam. 11 mill. Japan. P. FILOSA, Marrat. Shell acuminately turreted ; whorls convex, with numerous prominent revolving carinae, the interstices narrow, obliquely longitudinally striated; white, the apex tinged with fuscous; canal very short ; sinus ample. (No dimensions.) W. Africa. A white shell, corded with transverse, thread-like bands. The Pl.violacea, Hinds, Pl.crispata, Crist, et Jan., and several others are similarly corded and closely allied shells. The above is an unfigured species, which I have not seen. P. RETUSISPIBATA, E. A. Smith. An unfigured species, L. 7'75, diam. 2'5 mill. Habitat unknown ; it is said to have for its nearest relative "P. violacea, Hinds, from which it differs in form somewhat ; the apex is blunter, and there is but a single nodose liration around the middle of each whorl, whereas Hinds' species possesses two." Columella with two minute plications. P. COGNATA, E. A. Smith. Unfigured. L. 24, diam. 7 mill. Australia. Differs from P. violacea, to which it is closely related in color (being luteous white, purple-tinged towards the apex, the carinae white), in the number of carinae, twelve, and more produced spire. " It is still more nearly allied to P. vallata, Gould, from which it differs only in size and the presence of only one plication on the columella, whereas P. vallata possesses two. It may be merely the adult of the latter species." PLEUROTOMA. 171 P. SPIRALIS, E. A. Smith. PI. 4, fig. 44. Shell fusiform, pallid brown, cingulated with carinae, of wMeh there are about twelve on the body-whorl, subequal, interstices obliquely striate ; aperture narrow, collumella blackish brown ; canal very short ; outer Up thin, with a large sinus. L. 11, diam. 3 mill. WhydaJi, W. Africa. " This species belongs to the same group as P. violacea, Hinds." Does it differ from the West African P. filosa of the same author ? P. VALLATA, Gould. Shell small, lanceolate, lurid, with ten shouldered and carinate whorls, with elevated revolving lines — of which there are ten or twelve on the body-whorl ; aperture one-third the total length of the shell, narrow ; outer lip with a profound, wide sinus ; columella smooth. L. 9, diain. 3 mill. Near Hong Kong, 10 fathoms, shelly mud (Stimpson). Unfigured. Said to be allied to P. violacea, and described as a Drillia. P. RECIPROCA, Gould. Shell small, lanceolate, with ten slightly convex whorls bear- ing revolving carinae, of which there are 4-5 on the spire-whorls, and 10-12 on the body-whorl; middle carina stronger, inter- spaces clathrate ; aperture one-fourth the total length, the sinus broad and deep ; the canal short, wide and twisted. L. 12, diam. 4 mill. Ousima (Stimpson). Much like the preceding ; but the color and relative size of carinae are different. Unfigured, and unseen by me. P. JUBATA, Hinds. PL 4, fig. 46. Whorls with several keels, of which the middle one is the largest, with a beaded row of granules immediately over it ; yellowish brown. L. 25, diam. 11 mill. Malacca, China, Australia. P.acutigemmata,1^. A. Smith, is an unfigured species, locality unknown. The describer says : " It is with considerable hesita- tion that I apply a name to this form, on account of its close 172 PLEUROTOMA. relationship with jubata, Hinds. The chief differences are the narrower form, larger tubercles and shorter canal." As jubata is known to vary considerably in the above characters, acuti- gemmata had better be considered a synonym. P. EMENDATA, Monterosato. PL 4, fig. 47. Shell brown, the spire-whorls with three cingulae and two liraa, the last whorl spirally multicingulate and longitudinally lirulate ; suture slightly but distinctly incised; aperture white within, canal short and wide, sinus wide, between the first and second carina. L. 9, diam. 3 mill. Mediterranean Sea; Bay of Biscay, at great depths. Mr. Jeffreys says this species inhabits the Japanese Seas ; if so, some of the foregoing species will probably refer to it. Described and figured by Philippi as P. Renieri, Scacchi — an erroneous identification and name changed by Monterosato, as above. P. NIPONICA, E. A. Smith. PI. 3, fig. 27. Shell light brown, whorls six and a-half, the nucleus large, globose, glassy, whorls strongly keeled, and concave above, with two or three fine spiral lirae ; also concave below the carina, and encircled on the bod3T-whorl by about ten lirae, becoming finer towards the base, the interstices crossed by elevated, oblique growth-striae ; slit in the concavity above the principal carination ; columella a little prominent in the middle and oblique below ; canal short, scarcely recurved. L. 7, diam. 2'5 mill. Japan. The oblique incremental striae are flexuous and turned to the right above the carina, and straight, inclined to the left below it. P. TRIPORCATA, E. A. Smith. PL 3, fig. 28. Shell pale brown or luteons, the nuclear whorl globular, glassy, the rest encircled by distinct keels, of which there are three on those of the spire, more numerous on the body-whorl; the inter- stices each latticed by three or four revolving lines and incre- mental striae ; notch deep and wide, above the principal keel. L. 14, diam. 4*5 mill. Japan. GEMMULA. 173 P. DIFFICILIS, Smith. PL 32, fig. 16. About ten rather coarse spiral line on the last whorl^ the sinus above the submedian liration; brownish horn-color. Length, 7 mill. Japan. Subgenus GEMMULA, Weinkauff. P. SPECIOSA, Reeve. PI. 4, fig. 48. Shell crenulately carinate or ribbed, the principal carina, forming the angle of the whorls, corded, with a sloping shoulder above it ; yellowish white, the ribs ochraceous. L. 47, diam. 18 mill. China. P. CARINATA, Gray. PI. 4, fig. 49. Shell closety encircled by sharp ribs and intermediate striae, the slit-band a pair of beaded ribs ; suture channeled ; yellowish white, chestnut-spotted on the ribs ; fissure wide and deep. L. 65, diam. 20 mill. Habitat unknown. P. Kieneri. Doumet, is a S3monym. P. GR^FFEI, Weinkauff. PL 4, fig. 50. Shell brownish, crenulately carinate or cingulate, the ribs lighter-colored, the median carina stronger, with larger crenula- tions ; aperture plicate within. L. 20, diam. 6 mill. Viti Islands. Doubtfully distinct from the next species. P. GEMMATA, Hinds. PL 4, figs. 51, 54. Shell more slender than the preceding species, with a more prominent noduled keel, and spiral lirulse ; yellowish brown, the keel usually white, sometimes indistinctly brown-banded above and below it. L. 26, diam. 7'5 mill. Eed Sea, Japan, Australia (Brazier), Viti Islands (Garrett). Hinds' locality, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, has not been confirmed. P. monilifera, Pease (fig. 52), is perhaps somewhat stouter, with shorter spire and canal in the examples figured by Weinkauff, but from those before me I am convinced that it passes into the typical gemmata. P. fusca, Hombron et Jacq. (fig. 53), although figured as of a GENOTIA. uniform dark chestnut-color, is nevertheless so close in form and sculpturing that I think it belongs here ; the Japanese shells with light-colored keel referred to fusca by Mr. E. A. Smith are certainly identical with P. gemmata. P. amabilis. Jickeli (fig. 54), from the Red Sea has a sharper carina than the typical gemmata, and may possibly rank as a variety. P. ARMILLATA, Reeve. PI. 4, fig. 55. Shell pyramidally ovate, somewhat fusiform, whorls keeled, the middle keel transversely beaded ; sinus large and deep ; yellowish white, brown-banded above the keel. L. 19, diam. 8 mill. Philippines (Cuming), Australia (Brazier). A stouter, shorter species than P. gemmata, with the tubercles transverse instead of longitudinal. Unfigured and Unidentified Species of Pleurotoma. ( The subgeneric group not ascertained.) P. GRACILLIMA, Carpenter. Bay of Panama. Described from a single specimen, '83 in. long, in the Cuming collection. Weinkauff has subsequently used the same specific name (p. 165). P. CANDIDA, Jonas. H. and A. Adams' Genera, i, 88. P. SANCTI-JOANNIS, E. A. Smith. P. NELLIE, E. A. Smith. P. CEYLONICA, E. A. Smith. P. ALBOFASCIATA, E. A. Smith. P. MULTISERIATA, E. A. Smith. P. ANTIPODUM, E. A. Smith. Japan. Mauritius. Ceylon. Sandwich Islands. Ceylon, Persian Gulf, China Sea. New Zealand. Genus GENOTIA, H. and A. Adams. G. MITR^FORMIS, Wood. PI. 7, figs. 1, 2, 2 a. Periphery noduled, above it the shoulder is sloping, slightly concave, with revolving lines, lightly marked ; below the periphery decussated by close revolving and somewhat curved growth- lines ; yellowish or orange-brown. L. 42, diam. 13 mill. W. Africa. COLUMBARIUM. 175 Var. PAPALIS, Reeve. Figs. 2, 2 a. Shoulder somewhat flatter, nodules more distinct, as are_the longitudinal lines or folds, the revolving sculpture scarcely de- cussating them and sometimes obsolete ; sometimes indistinctly banded. L. 47, diam. 16 mill. W. Africa. This is merely a more rugged larger growth of G. Mitree- formis, and its best claim to a separate name is that it has borne one for forty years. G. LUHDORFI, Lischke. PL 7, fig. 100. Shell yellowish brown ; shoulder concavely flattened, with a crenulated margin next the suture, and a tuberculate periphery ; surface with spiral, white, distant sulci, and incremental striae ; aperture white. L. 71, diam. 26 mill. Japan. The white revolving sulci on the brownish surface are very distinctive in this species. G. MITRELLA, Dall. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms. G. DIDIMA, Watson. St. Thomas, W. L, 450 fms. G. ENGONIA, Watson. Off Inosima, Japan. G. ATRACTOIDES, Watson. Philippines. The above are all unfigured species, described as Genotiae. Genus COLUMBARITJM^v'on Martens. 1 % $ Shell fusiform, with the short body-whorl, and long, straight, narrow, nearly closed canal of the typical Fusus ; no sinus, except a very slight curve of the margin of the shoulder. Teeth toxoglossate. I feel pretty well satisfied, notwithstanding Schacko's discovery of toxoglossate dentition in this group, that I was correct in placing the typical species in Fusus ; nevertheless I introduce it again here, partly in order to dispose of a form described by von Martens and which was published since the issue of the third volume of the " Manual." C. PAGODA, Lesson. Manual, vol. iii, p. 51, t. 32, f. 86. This volume, PI. 7, figs. 98, 97, 99. Fusus Japonicus, Gray, Fusus diadema (Lesson), Sowerby (PI. 7, fig. 98), and Pleurotoma cedo-nulli, Reeve (fig. 97), are 176 ANCISTROSYRTNX, DRILLIA. synonyms. The latter is probably erroneously assigned to Panama, on Cuming's authority ; it is evidently a young shell, and that Reeve should have placed it in Pleurotoma is suggestive. Japan. Yar. SPINICINCTA, von Martens. Fig. 99. Chestnut-brown, surface rougher, whorls 9, instead of 7-8, spines longer, more numerous, with oblique rows of short spines upon the canal. L. 67, diam. (without the spines) 14*5 mill. W. Australia. Genus ANCISTROSYRINX, Dall, 1881. Shell with the posterior surface of the whorls concave, with a broad deep sinus, bordered externally by a pectinated elevated frill, directed backwards. A. ELEGANS, Dall. Shell with the canal about the same length as the spire, acutely tapering before and behind ; white ; whorls nine, of which two are embryonic ; aperture very long and narrow ; anterior surface of the whorls everywhere sculptured with even uniform spiral rows of rounded nodules beautifully reticulated by the lines of growth ; one row about the middle of the whorl slightly elevated above the others ; carina fringed with delicate triangular points ; posterior surface of the whorls, except for lines of growth, smooth, with one row of nodules just inside the carina; canal straight, columella not thickened, but somewhat twisted anteri- orly, outer lip sharply angulated by the carina. L. 27 mill., of which 12 mill, are behind the carinal notch ; max. width, 12 mill. ; width of aperture, 4 mill. Defl. 45°. Florida Reefs (Pourtales) ; off Havana (Agassiz). Unfigured. Genus DRILLIA, Gray. Section BRACHYSTOMA, Swain son. A. Alatae. ^ D. STROMBOIDES, Sowerby. PI. 10, fig. 58. Shell with a sutural band, and oblique longitudinal ribs below the periphery, sculptured by revolving lines, which are some- what granular towards the base of the body-whorl ; aperture DRILLIA, 177 somewhat winged ; light yellowish brown, sometimes with a pale band. L. 26,;diam. 9'5 mill. Bay of Panama ; five fathoms mud (Cuming). D. CASTANEA, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 18 ; PL 34, fig. 87. Chestnut-brown ; longitudinally plicate, crossed by revolving lines ; outer lip somewhat winged. L. 17, diam. 8 mill. Moluccas (WeinkaufF). Reeve's figure (fig. 18) is of a specimen not adult ; I add one from Weinkauff (fig. 87), which scarcely looks like the same species. D. BICANALIFERA, Sowb. PI. 12, fig. 27. Shell with whorls concave and smooth above the periphery, which is angulated, longitudinally ribbed below, ribs small, granular, crossed by revolving striae; lip somewhat winged, with a broad, rounded posterior sinus and a small anterior one ; light yellowish brown. Length, 20 mill. Bay of Monti j a, W. Coast of Central America (Cuming). D. FLAVIDULA, Lam. PL 10, figs. 56, 57. Rather thin, turreted, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, crossed by revolving lines ; yellowish white to brown, the lighter-colored specimens sometimes indistinctly broadly fasciated with brown. L. 65, diam. 20 mill. Red Sea, China, Japan. D. zonata, Gray (fig. 57), is a synonym. D. JEFFREYSII, E. A. Smith. Subturreted ; whorls thirteen, concave above, convex below, with oblique ribs and revolving lines ; luteous, with maculations and dots of purplish brown. L. 37, diam. 11 mill. Japan. Allied to D. flavidula, but has a shorter aperture, broader canal, and distinct spiral striation upon the concave upper por- tion of the whorls. Unfigured. D. LATISINUATA, E. A. Smith. Shell fusiform and turreted ; whorls twelve, excavated above, carinated and angulated in the middle, below the angle obliquely plicated ; yellowish brown, with white revolving lirse ; canal moderately long, slightly curved. L. 50, diam. 35 mill. China. 178 DRILL! A. Allied to D.flavidula, Lam. Upper half of each whorl nearly smooth, as the plications extend scarcely beyond the central large spiral liration which marks the angulation of the whorls. Sometimes, this lira being double, the whorls are less acutely angular. Unfigured. D. STOLIDA, Hinds. PI. 10, fig. 61. Fusiform, smooth, olive- or horn-brown; whorls depressed above the periphery, below it with short, whitish tubercular ribs ; lip sharp, with broad sinus. L. 41, diam, 15 mill. Ayulhas Bank, Cape of Good Hope. D. CRENULARIS, Lamarck. PL 10, figs. 64, 63, 66, 69 ; PL 32, fig. 38. Abbreviately fusiform, upper portion of whorls slightly con- cave, periphery with the terminations of somewhat distant rounded ribs, separated by about equal interspaces, marked below the periphery by revolving lines, and intermediate fine striae ; canal very short ; yellowish brown, with sometimes an obscure chestnut superior band, occasionally maculated with chestnut. L. 40, diam. 14 mill. Tranquebar, Bombay, Singapore, Australia. Reeve's figure (fig. 64) is not very characteristic, being taken from a very narrow, worn specimen ; his D. Tayloriana (fig. 69) is a better representative of this narrow form. The typical crenularis is well represented by Weinkauff (fig. 38), and with it may be united D. Sumatrensis, Petit (fig. 63), and D. Griffithii, Gray (fig. 66). The species of this group are not readily distinguishable ; the last-named form, for example, connecting closely with D. Strom- boides, Sowb. D. MAJOR, Gray. PL 9, fig. 52. Somewhat fusiform, dark brown, transversely marked with white lines ; whorls nodulated in the middle, nodules white ; aperture oblong, canal a little recurved. L. 43, diam. 19 mill. Habitat unknown. The figure indicates a species very distinct in form and coloring, yet Reeve says of it : " Very closely allied to the PL Griffithii ; indeed some authors would account ft to be a variety of that species." Weinkauff makes it a synonym of D. flavidula. DRILLIA. 179 D. GIBBOSA, Born. PI. 9, fig. 54. Yellowish white or brownish, usually interruptedly broad-_ banded above and below the middle of the last whorl ; spire turreted, the whorls with a sutural cord, and smooth, slightly concave shoulder, the periphery nodulous with the terminations of oblique, longitudinal ribs, which are crossed by strong revolving lines ; labium with a very strong projecting superior callus ; outer lip winged, with a second small sinus indicated towards the base. L. 60, diam. 20 mill. West Indies. Allied to D. flavidula, but heavier, with shorter canal, and usually differently colored in having the pair of more or less interrupted, and mostly faint-colored bands. D. ALABASTER, Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 78. Shell turreted, snowy white, sometimes faintly rose-tinged; longitudinally ribbed, with very fine revolving grooves and striae ; somewhat depressed next the suture ; sinus broad. Length, 30 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Darnley 7., Australia (Brazier). The sculpture is exceedingly delicate, the cross-grooves looking as if they had been graved with an etching point. D. UMBILTCATA, Gray. PI. 11, figs. 82, 91 ; PI. 8, fig. 24 ; PI. 30, fig. 78. Shell light yellowish brown or yellowish white ; with promi- nent, distant ribs, forming a strongly tuberculate shoulder, and revolving striae ; sinus produced upwards ; inner lip thickened below, forming with the axis a false umbilicus. Length, 1*2 inches. Sierra Leone (Gray) ; West Indies (Swift). Z). Dunkeri, Weinkauff (PI. 8, fig. 24 , is an immature example of this species. D. Saulcydiana, Recluz (fig. 91), varies a little in sometimes possessing a broad indistinct central band of light chestnut ; the shells are adult, although not so large as the type. Of its identity with D. umbilicata there can be no question. D. ROSACEA, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 51. Longitudinally closely ribbed, with fine revolving striae, con- cave and smooth above the periphery ; canal very short, sinus broad and large ; rose-colored throughout. Length, 20 mill. W. Coast of Africa (Maltzan). 180 DRTLLIA. D. CAGAYANENSIS, Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 79. Spire acuminated, whorls strongly angulated at the periphery, ribbed below, the ribs crossed by revolving striae, forming low tubercles ; sinus wide, ascending ; white. Length, 18 mill. Philippines (Cuming). Is very probably identical with D. alabaster, Reeve. D. VARIABILIS, E. A. Smith. PI. 11, figs. 81, 92. Yellowish brown, sometimes irregularly maculated with chestnut, with chestnut spots on a narrow band below the suture; spire long, turreted ; slightly umbilic.ated ; sinus large, ascending. Length, 1*25 inches. Andaman Islands. The spire is longer and the color different from D. alabaster, Reeve, but it is very likely a variety of that species. D. ROBUSTA, Hinds. PL 11, fig. 10. Whorls strongly turreted, the spire exserted, periphery angu- lated and nodulous, with fine revolving striae ; sinus large, pro- duced; yellowish white. Length, 15 'inch. Hong Kong, China, sandy mud, 4-7 fms. (Hinds). D. SINUOSA, Gray. PI. 13, fig. 45. Shell solid, turreted, with a few prominent longitudinal ribs terminating at the periphery, crossed by close, strong striae ; aperture broadly cut out below, with up proper canal ; sinus large, ascending. White, or brownish with white ribs, or whitish indistinctly maculated or centrally banded with light brown. Length, -75 inch. Habitat unknown. D. UNIMACTJLATA, Sowb. PL 10, fig. 59. Shell less solid than D. gibbosa, without sutural band or spiral striae, the knobs on the periphery rather short, instead of terminating ribs as in D. gibbosa; yellowish brown, spotted with chestnut, one large spot on the back of the body-whorl. L. 38, diam. 13 mill. Panama. Yer}r doubtfully admitted as a distinct species from D. gibbosa. D. SOWERBYI, Reeve. PL 10, fig. 67. Turreted, with a nodulous sutural band and nodulous periphery, the latter terminating longitudinal oblique ribs, which are sharply decussated by revolving sculpture ; chestnut-brown. L. 44, diam. 14 mill. China ? DRILLIA. 181 This is possibly only a dark-colored, strongly sculptured D. gibbosa. It is P. turricula, Sowb., not Montagu, and P. cor^ rugataj Sowb., not Kiener. D. MAURA, Sowerby. PL 10, fig. 70 ; PL 32, fig 43. Shell dark chocolate-color, with oblique longitudinal ribs ; nodulous at the crossing of raised revolving lines. L. 48, diam. 13 mill. West Columbia (Cuming). D duplicata, Weinkauff (not Sowerby) (PL 32, fig. 43), is a synonym. D. MiLiTARis, Hinds. PL 10, fig. 74. Acuminately turreted, yellowish white, sometimes stained with brown ; whorls decussated with nodulous longitudinal ridges, and spiral striae ; upper part of the whorls concave, edged with a slightly nodulous keel. L. 43, diam. 12 mill. Veragua, W. Coast of America. I am not acquainted with this species, but think it probable that it is only a light-colored variety of the preceding one. D. LANCEOLATA, Reeve. PL 10, fig. 65 ; PL 32, fig. 44. Shell orange-brown, the tubercles lighter-colored ; spiral striae stronger towards the base of the body-whorl. Length, 53 mill. Japan. Reeve's figure being from a poor and broken specimen, I add a much finer one from von Martens (fig. 44). It may be distin- guished from its allies mainly by the narrower form. D. INTERRUPTA, Lamarck. PL 10, figs. 68, 76. Sharply turreted, longitudinally ribbed and spirally striated ; yellowish brown, the ribs reddish brown. Length, 30 mill. Japan. D. seminifera, Gould (fig. 76), is a synonym. D. DALLI, Yerrill and Smith. PL 13, fig. 61. Color brown of various tints, often deep brown, with one or two spiral bands of yellowish brown, and with streaks of light brown, or the ribs may be pale yellowish brown, aperture brown within, columella whitish in front ; notch deep a little below the 182 DRILL! A. suture, usually constricted or almost closed at the edge of the lip, but broadly rounded at the extremity. Length, 19'5 mill. Martha's Vineyard, 94 to 146 fms. ; off Delaware Bay, 104 fms. Animal and operculum not observed ; the generic position is therefore very uncertain. It is described simply as a Pleu- rotoma. Un figured Species. D. PYRBH A, Watson. (Related to lanceolata, but more stumpy.) Japan. D. STERRHA, Watson. N. Australia. B. Pusionellseformes. These shells are very like Pusionella in form, but differ in the surface and in possessing the normal operculum of Pleurotoma ; they differ also from the typical Drillise in wanting the callus deposit on the upper portion of the labium. Any one who is fond of minute divisions of the genera has here a chance to distinguish himself by instituting a new subgenus. D. INERMIS, Hinds. PI. 12, figs. 43, 40 ; PL 32, fig. 42. Pinkish ash-colored under a light olivaceous epidermis, the lines of growth, which are sometimes rib-like, oblique and angu- lated at the periphery and lighter-colored, so that the interspaces appear like angulated lines of chestnut or reddish narrow stripes ; Nwhole surface covered by close revolving incised lines. L. 38, diam. 13 mill. Southern California, L. California. D. penicillata, Carpenter (fig. 40), described from beach-worn specimens, ha\ing the same general form as the above, as well as its peculiar coloring, was supposed to differ principally in having stronger and fewer plications. I can find no good char- acters by which to distinguish it. The shell which Weinkauff figures for D. inermis is not that species. D. INCISA, Carpenter. PL 12, fig. 41. Shell in general form like the preceding species, but smaller, the whorls somewhat more rounded ; cinereous, with reddish chestnut revolving lines. L. 1-13, diam. -4 in. Puget's Sound. DRILLIA. 183 D. CANCELLATA, Carpenter. Shell like a young incisa in form, the spire decorticated, four" planate whorls remaining, suture distinct, with about twenty small longitudinal ribs crossed by close revolving striae, cancel- lating the surface, and sometimes the intersections subnodulous. Puget's Sound. Two specimens found. I an not acquainted with the species ; it has not been figured. D. EBURNEA, Carpenter. Shell turreted, pinkish white, rather thin, smooth, shining; spire decollated ; nine normal whorls remaining, planate above, appressed above the sutures and medianly concave, with here and there obsolete irregular longitudinal ribs, base prolonged, with a conspicuous, open canal. L. 1-3, diam. -45 mill. Near Gulf of California. Easily recognized by its smooth, glossy aspect and French- white color ; the notch lying along a broad spiral channel, which throws the junction of the whorl as it were up the suture. Un- figured and unknown to me. D. M(ESTA, Carpenter. PI. 12, fig. 38. Shell dark brown under an olivaceous epidermis, with about ten curved longitudinal ribs, obsoletely nodulous on the periphery, with the whorls usually slightly constricted above it, ribs generally obsolete on the body-whorl of adult specimens ; suture narrowly corded, noduled and spotted ; aperture choco- late within. L. 30, diam. 10 mill. Southern California, Lower California. D. TOROSA, Carpenter. PL 14, fig. 93. Whorls with angulated shoulder bearing nodulous termina- tions of about ten short oblique ribs, no spiral sculpture ; burnt- brown, under an olivaceous epidermis ; nodules whitish, aperture brown. L. -95, diam. '3 inch. Southern California. Yar. AURANTIA, Carpenter. Shell orange-colored, sometimes spirally striate. L. -6, diam. -28 inch. 13 184 DRILLIA. D. EROSA, Schrenck. PI. 12, fig. 39. Shell longitudinally ribbed and spirally striated, a narrow band at the suture « brown, with sometimes a darker band at the suture and another at the base. L. 17, diam. 6 mill. Gulf of Tartary, Japan. D. IMP AGES, Adams and Reeve. PI. 10, fig. 73. Shell flexuously, narrowly ribbed or plicate, the plicae extend- ing to the suture, but not prominent ; yellowish brown. Length, 36 mill. China Sea. This species has not been recognized by any conchologist subsequent to its publication in the Voyage of the Samarang ; it is more like Clionella than any other of the group. D. NOV^E-ZELANDI^I, Reeve. PL 12, figs. 44, 42. Shell spirally sulcate and longitudinally striate, the suture slightly impressed, marginate and subcrenulate ; sinus rather broad and shallow ; rose-ash color, purple-rose within the aper- ture. Length, 1 inch. New Zealand. First described by Quoy under the name of rosea (fig. 42) — preoccupied by Sowerby, changed by Deshayes to Quoyi, pre- occupied by Desmoulins. D. DIGNA, E. A. Smith. Shell ovately fusiform, bluish ash under a thin light olivaceous epidermis ; whorls nine, slightly convex, with 13-14 oblique longitudinal ribs, forming nodules on the periphery ; aperture brown, bifasciate with white, the lip thin, white-margined, with a small sinus ; columella callous towards the base ; canal rather short and wide. L. 26, diam. 9 mill. California. I am not acquainted with this species ; it is unfigured. D. MONTEREYENSIS, Stearns. PL 12, fig. 30. Shell similar in form to D. torosa, but smaller, the longitudinal nodules and short ribs number 14 to 15 on each whorl, with rather coarse inconspicuous revolving striae, there are also indistinct puckerings at the suture of the spire-whorls ; dark DRILLIA. 185 brown, the ribs rubbed white ; canal short, sinus of outer lip moderate, rather broadly rounded. L. IT, diam. 6 mill. Monterey, Cal. Described from a single specimen. I have not seen it, but judging by the description and figure, it differs from D. torosa principally in the greater number of ribs. D. HEMPHILLI, Stearns. PL 13, fig. 49. Shell small, slender, polished, with a long spire and short aperture terminating in a short, broad, open canal ; horn-colored ; there are inconspicuous longitudinal ribs on the spire, which are obsolete on the body-whorl, and an impressed sutural line. L. 6*5, diam. 2*3 inches. Todos Santos Bay, L. California. Section CLAVUS, Montfort. Distinguished by the short, turreted form, broad base, appear- ing truncated below, tuberculated periphery and want of spiral sculpture. D. ECHINATA, Lam. PI. 9, fig. 31. Shell whitish, with chestnut longitudinal streaks, forming bands interrupted by the ribs, often chestnut-spotted between the tubercles. Length, 2 inches. W. Coast of Africa. D. AURICULIFERA, Lam. PL 8, fig. 25. Shell white, with a broad chestnut band below the periphery ; tuberculations of the periphery often long, spinose ; usually a revolving row of nodules below the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 1 inch. Philippines. According to Desires this is the Strombus lividus, Linn., but the identification remains doubtful. D. EXASPERATA, Reeve. PL 8, fig. 26. Shell resembling D. auriculifera in general form and coloring, but the tuberculations on the periphery are short and more numerous ; the shell is also usually heavier. Length, 21 mill. Mauritius (Robillard). D. UNIZONALIS, Lamarck. PL 9, figs. 38, 33, 34, 30 ; PL 32, fig. 48. Shell nodosely plicate, smooth, or with a few close revolving lines at the base ; whitish or yellowish white, the body-whorl 186 DRILL! A. below the periphery chocolate, sometimes with a white band at the base ; interior chocolate, with an irregular white superior band. Length, 22 mill. Viti Islands, Philippines. The synonyms are D. vidualoides, Garrett (fig. 33), including the larger specimens, usually completely chocolate below the periphery; D. vidua, Reeve (= nigrozonata, Weink., fig. 34), in which there is an inferior row of very small tubercles, more or less apparent. D. vidua, Hinds (fig. 30), which Dr. Weinkauff considers a distinct species and refers to the Yoy. Sulphur, 60, t. 6, f. 6, for description and figure, is not to be found in that work, and does not differ from the vidua of Reeve. I am inclined to think P. Beckii of Weinkauff (PI. 32, fig. 48) belongs here, whatever may be said of the very obscure species figured by Reeve under that name. D. BECKII, Reeve. PL 9, fig. 40. Shell oblong, cylindrically attenuated, sharp at the apex ; six- angled, whorls longitudinally tuberculated at the angles ; the entire shell olive-brown except the tubercles, which are white ; columella and interior of the mouth brown ; canal very short. Length, 22 mill. J. Luzon, Philippines. If Reeve's figure of this shell is correct, Dr. Weinkauff 's iden- tification of it (see D. unizonalis, above) must be erroneous. D. PULCHELLA, Reeve. PL 9, figs. 28, 29. Pink, with a chestnut band below the periphery, and a chestnut line, interrupted by the tubercles. Length, 21 mill. Mauritius, Philippines, Cook's Islands. I think D. bilineata, Reeve (fig. 29), is identical; it appears to differ only in the tuberculations being less sharp and the color not so bright, with a brownish tinge. No locality is given for D.pulchella in the original description. D. UETA, Hinds. PL 9, fig. 32 ; PL 11, fig. 87. Shell smooth, polished ; whorls with a strongly tuberculated shoulder, the body-whorl with a second inferior row of small, sometimes obsolete tubercles; white, banded with brown, the band often more or less interrupted. Length, 9-17 mill. Sts. of Macassar, New Guinea, Viti Islands. DRILLIA. 1 87 D. formosa, Reeve (PI. 11, fig. 87, double natural size), appears to be identical ; it comes from the Philippine Islands. D. HEXAGONA, Sowb. PI. 9, fig. 35. Shell sharply pyramidal, reddish brown, whorls hexagonal, very finely striated, ribbed-tuberculated, the ribs six on each whorl ; sinus broad. Length, 23 mill. Guacomayo, Central America (Cuming). Dr. WeinkaurT's figure of this species is not at all character- istic, and resembles D. Beckii, Reeve. D. POLYGONALIS, Weinkauff. PI. 9, fig. 45. Whorls nine, contracted above, convex on the middle, with longitudinal, curved nodulose ribs ; white, with a chestnut band ; canal very short, broadly emarginate at the base. Length, 14 mill. Zanzibar. Said to resemble closely D, unizonalis, but to be much'smaller and more slender, with more numerous whorls. D. ANGASI, Crosse. PL 9, figs. 37, 36, Shell brownish olivaceous, whorls about nine, the embryonal whorls smooth, the others with from seven to ten short longitu- dinal costse forming a tuberculated shoulder, surface often with minute revolving striae ; aperture chestnut-brown. Length, 11-13 mill. Port Jackson, Australia; Tasmania. Having received this species from several collectors and con- chologists I find considerable variation in the number of ribs and in the proportions of the shell, some having a longer spire and narrower form even than the figure of D. Angasi, whilst others are short and stout, as in the form called by Crosse D. Beraudiana (fig. 36) ; sometimes there is a brown band below the middle of the body-whorl. D. MEDIOCRIS, Deshayes. PI. 9, fig. 41. Whorls eleven, nodosely plicate in the middle, the body-whorl with revolving striae towards the base ; flesh-brown, with a cen- tral interrupted narrow chestnut band, base broadty chestnut- banded. Length, 11 mill. Isl. of Bourbon. Described from a single specimen — which I have not seen. 188 DR1LLIA. D. EXIGUA, Hombr. et Jacq. PI. 9, fig. 39. Shell not adult, composed of seven whorls, brownish, with distant, large white tubercles on the periphery. Length, 10 mill. Torres Sts., Australia. Described from a single specimen. It may be a young shell of the stumpy form of D. Angasi, Orosse. D. VITTATA, Reeve. PI, 9, fig. 44. Whorls slightly concave above the periphery, which is tuber- culate, with two or three inferior rows of smaller tubercles ; yellowish white, with a chestnut band occupying the shoulder of the whorls. Length, 15 mill. Philippines (E. A. Smith). Mr. Smith changed the name to P. exquisita, on account of Mangilia vittata, Hinds ; but as Mangilia is generally regarded as a distinct genus from Drillia, there is no occasion for this. D. COCCINATA, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 54 ; PI. 30, fig. 85. Whorls smooth or obsoletely striate, concave around the upper part, plicately nodose on the periphery ; pink-white, stained with rose-color between the nodules, and sometimes below them, occasionally faintly banded with rose on the lower part of the body-whorl. Length, 12-15 mill. West Indies. Occasionally the color varies to a pinkish brown, and I have before me a pure white variety from Yucatan. D. pulchella, Reeve (p. 186), is very closely allied. D. Isevisulcata, Maltzan (PI. 30, fig. 85), from West Africa, agrees with this species except in its color, which is bluish gray. As only dead shells Vere found in mud, they. were possibly discolored. D. rosolina, Marrat (unfigured), described below, also needs to be compared with coccmata. D. EBUR, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 56. Shell white, strongly nodulosely plicate, obsoletely spirally striate; pure white. Length, 17 mill. West Indies. Described by Reeve from specimens in the Cumingian col- lection, without locality. Some of these are before me, and on comparison with shells from St. Thomas and St. Croix, W. I., show no differential characters. The nearest species is D. DRILLIA. 189 coccinata, but that shell is more numerously ribbed and more slender. D. THEA, Dall. PL 34, fig. 1. "Whorls eight, ashy olivaceous, covered with a shiny very thin epidermis, claret-brown within the aperture; with eleven short, oblique, slightly curved ribs, more prominent on the periphery and fading away above it; with evanescent spiral strife, not always visible, and some stronger raised threads towards the base. Length, 15 mill. tfarasota Bay, W. Coast of Florida, on mud-flats between tides (Hemphill). D. IMPRESSA, Hinds. PL 13, fig. 53, magnified. Tuberculately ribbed, ribs oblique, interstices transversely striated, back of the last whorl smooth; pale flesh-color, ribs whitish ; outer lip a little expanded. Length, 9 mill. W, Coast Central America. A species having no very distinctive characters. D. PUDICA, Hinds. PL 13, fig. 55. Whorls shortly obliquely ribbed, the ribs obsolete on the back of the last whorl, depressed below the sutures ; yellowish brown, with a deep reddish chestnut spot on the back of the body-whorl; canal rather long. Length, 13 mill. West Coast of Central America (Hinds). D. FUCATA, Reeve. PL 11, figs. 86, 93. Shell obsoletely channeled above the periphery — which is not prominently angulated ; longitudinal ribs numerous, rounded, not prominent, not interrupted on the periphery but continuous to the suture; sometimes obsoletely spirally striated ; back of body-whorl with a peculiar hump or longitudinal varix ; yellow- ish white, banded and maculated with yellowish or orange-brown. Length, 21 mill. West Indies. D. paria, Reeve (fig. 93), is a synonym ; the characteristic broad faint yellowish band is mentioned in the description, although not well indicated in the figure. D. REGULARIS, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 52 (fig. 1J nat. size). Shell somewhat pyramidally ovate ; whorls concave round the 190 DRILLTA. upper part, obliquely regularly ribbed ; sinus broad ; yellowish white. Length, 12 mill. Habitat unknown, D. ROSEA, Sowb. PI. 10, fig. 62. Strongly plicately noduled, concave around the upper part of the whorls ; outer lip somewhat wing-like, with a deep posterior sinus and a slight anterior one ; pinkish brown, aperture rosy. Length, 26 mill. W. Coast of Central America, D. ROSOLINA, Marrat. Resembles D. rosea, but is obliquely ribbed, closely striated, and uniform rose-color. W. Africa, Unfigured. No dimensions given. D. ACUMINATA, Mighels. PI. 12, fig. 20 ; PL 32, fig. 41. Shell with a very slight angle on the periphery, with numerous small ribs reaching the suture and terminating at a raised revolving line on the lower part of the body-whorl ; below this line are sometimes revolving striae ; livid or chocolate-brown, with a white band at the suture, ribs white, aperture brown. Length, 10 mill. Sandwich Islands ; Indian Ocean (Nevill). D. MARIEI, Crosse. PI. 13, fig. 73. Shell olivaceous brown, smooth, with a pair of narrow brown revolving lines below the periphery, body-whorl with one or two additional colored lines, situated inferiorly, the base with a few revolving striae. Length, 10 mill. New Caledonia. D. CLAVATA, Sowb. PL 11, fig. 95. Shell with a few strong longitudinal ribs, which surmount the angulated periphery and reach the sutures ; no revolving sculp- ture ; outer lip thickened, the sinus large and ascending, aperture truncate below ; whitish, the ribs slightly stained with flesh-color Length, 13 mill. Xipixapi, W. Columbia (Cuming). D. PICA, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 50. Shell thick; whitish, irregularly variegated with a few large squarish brown spots; upper portion of whorls smooth, concave, below the periphery with numerous narrow ribs ; sinus broad. Philippines (Cuming); Mauritius (Robillard). DRILLIA. 191 The following unfigured species are referred by the describers to this section of Drillia ; they are all unknown to me, except through the preliminary descriptions. D. MARMARINA, Watson. Off Pernambuco. Obtained by the Challenger Expedition. Said to be allied to D. sacra, Reeve — which does not belong to this section of the genus. P. ALBOANGULATA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. D. SPINOSA, E. A. Smith. (Allied to D. laeta, Hinds.) Habitat unknown. D. INTERPUNCTA, E. A. Smith. St. Thomas, W. I. The description applies pretty well to some individuals of D. coccinata, Reeve. D. AMANDA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. D. DIVERSA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. P. QUADRILIRATA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. D. INTERSTRIGATA, E. A. Smith. St. Thomas and St. Vincent, W.I. P. HOTTENTOTA, E. A. Smith. Port Elizabeth, So. Africa. P. CAFFRA, E. A. Smith. South Africa. P. COFFEA, E. A. Smith. Philippine Islands. P. BELLULA, E. A. Smith. St. Vincent, W. I. Section CRASSISPIRA, Swainson. D. RUDIS, Sowerby. PI. 14, figs. 85, 90. Shoulder of the whorls prominently tuberculated, with smaller tubercles below it where the flexuous longitudinal ribs are crossed hy coarse revolving lines ; above the shoulder the whorls are contracted, and* tuberculated at the sutures; chocolate-brown, usually broadly white-banded above the periphery, or the tubercles only white, with sometimes a narrow white band near the base. Length, 25-35 mill. Galapagos Islands (Sowb.) ; Panama to Mazatlan. D excentrica, Sowb. (fig. 90), is founded on an abnormal specimen, the last whorls somewhat displaced. D. DIGITALIS, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 75. Shell dark chocolate, covered by rows of lighter- colored granu- lations, caused by the decussation of small flexuous rather numerous longitudinal ribs and elevated revolving lines ; aperture light chocolate. Length, 20 mill. Philippines, Mauritius. 192 DRILLTA. D. BARKLIENSIS, H. Adams. PL 13, figs. 70, 11, 77. Whorls granulated minutely, with a tuberculated shoulder; chocolate- or orange-brown, the latter often white-banded above the shoulder, and sometimes with an inferior narrow darker band ; tubercles, and usually the granules, white. , Length, 1 inch. Mauritius; Neiv Caledonia (Souverbie). D. strigata, Sowb. (fig. 71), is a synonym; as is also D. Rougeyroni, Souverb. ^fig. 77), from New Caledonia. D. BOTTLE, Valenciennes. PL 13, fig. 74. Shell ponderous, dark chestnut or chocolate, with a slight shoulder-angle, above which the whorls are slightly concave to a sutural band ; below the shoulder with close rude longitudinal ribs, sometimes decussated into nodules by the raised revolving lines ; towards the base of the body-whorl the latter remain prominent, whilst the former have vanished. Length, l'75-2'25 inches. Panama to Mazatlan. This species is usually known as D. incrat&ata, Sowb., a name which has priority over D. Bottse, but was unfortunately pre- viously used by Defrance. D. CALLOSA, Valenciennes. PL 13, figs. 63, 68 ; PL 30, fig. 79. Shell very solid, with a well-defined shoulder, and sulcate space above it; longitudinal ribs low, rounded, closer than in the preceding species, the interspaces being very narrow, crossed b^y raised revolving lines ; chocolate-colored. Length (decollated), 1'75 inches. West Coast of Africa. Very closely allied to D. Bottae. I think D. carbonaria, Reeve (PL 13, fig. 68), is identical, and very likely the next species also. D. CONSOCIATA, E. A. Smith. PL 30, fig. 81. Whorls doubly carinated at the suture, below which the surface is concave to the periphery ; longitudinal ribs six, strong, crossed by raised revolving lines ; yellowish brown. Length, 24 mill. W. Coast of Africa. The color is lighter and the ribs less numerous than in D. callosa, yet it is probably only a variation of that species. DRILL! A. 193 D. APPELTI, Weinkauff. PL 10, fig. 75. Shell narrower than D. callosa, with more numerous ribs and a longer canal ; light ochraceous, indistinctly white-banded. Length, 40 mill. Habitat unknown. P. FUSCESCENS, Gray. PL 14. figs. 9f , 98 ; PL 15, fig. 13. Shell deep chocolate-brown, the longitudinal ribs separated by wider interspaces, crossed by revolving raised lines, forming granules, above the periphery smooth and slightly concave, with a raised line next the suture. Length, 19 mill. West Indies. D. solida, Adams, D. cuprea, Reeve (fig. 98), and D. nigres- cenSj Gray (PL 15, fig. 13), are synonyms — the latter described from a small specimen. D. nigrescens, Adams = nigrescens, Gray, and has priority of publication over that species, as well as fuscexcens : I think it better not to disturb the well-known name of the species, as Adams' description was not accompanied by a figure, and could not be positively identified until Adams himself subsequently pointed out that it was the same shell as that figured by Reeve as nigrescens, Gray. D. HARPULARIA, Desmoulins. PL 14, fig. 99. Chestnut- or chocolate-color, spire more slenderly elongated ; canal 'longer and more compressed than the preceding species ; the revolving lines do not form granules on the ribs. Length, 1 inch. Australia. Barely distinguishable from the preceding species with the aid of the different localit}r. D. SCHILINGI, Weinkautf. PL 12, fig. 28. Strongly ribbed below the periphery, smooth and concave above it, ribs crossed by spiral striae ; yellowish brown, with chestnut bands ; canal short and wide, subtruncate. Length, 18 mill. Zanzibar. D. B^TICA, Reeve. PL 12, fig. 26. Dark shining chocolate-colored ; ribs prominent!}* pointed at the periphery ; sinus broad and large. Length, 18 mill. Habitat unknown. 194 DRILLTA. D. FLAVESCENS, Reeve. PL 14, fig. 96 ; PL 21, fig. 22. Yellowish olive ; sculpture like D.fuscescens, except that there is no revolving line below the sutures. Length, 17 mill. Wnst Indies. The lighter color and want of sutnral line are not very good distinguishing characters, and it is probable that this species should be united with D. fuscescens. D. affinis, Gray (PL 21, fig. 22), appears to be a synonym. D. HONDURASENSIS, Reeve. PL 14, fig. 95. Whorls nodosely ribbed, with revolving strife, and a smooth space below the sutures ; alternately banded with yellow and ash- color. Length, 8 mill. Honduras (Dyson). I am not acquainted with this little species. The figure is about double the natural size. D. PAXILLUS, Reeve. PL 14, fig. 92. Shell short and stout, the spire acuminated at the apex ; whorls concave round the top, with a small keel, very closely plicated in the middle, interstices between the folds finely striated, ridged round the base, sinus large; chocolate-brown. Length, 9 mill. Habitat unknown. Notwithstanding some difference in form and the much smaller size I think it very probable that this will prove to be synony- mous with D. fuscescens ; the sinus, however, is said to be large, whereas in the latter it is very small. D. ATERRIMA, Sowerby. PL 14, figs. 78, 79, 80, 83, 84 ; PL 32, figs. 45, 46. Shell very dark chocolate, with sometimes a narrow white line above the periphery, but this is usually absent; spire lengthened or short ; whorls rudely prominently keeled on the periphery, which is nodulous ; below the keel are a few raised revolving lines, occasionally broken up into granules. Length, 15 mill. • Panama to Gulf of California. The great variation in the proportions of this shell has caused a number of synonyms to be made, and the confusion has doubt- less been increased by the uncharacteristic figure given by Reeve (fig. 79). I add better illustrations from Weinkauff's monograph DRILLIA. 195 (PL 32, figs. 45, 46). D. atrior, C. B. Adams, D. discors, Sowb. (PL 14, fig. 80), a variety with elevated spire, and strong nodules on the periphery, D. Melchersi, Menke (fig. 83), D. rustica, Carpenter, and D. zonulata, Reeve (fig. 84), are synonyms. In the latter, which ma}' be considered a variety, there is a narrow j^ellowMi band, and the revolving ridges are more prominent than in the type ; it is PI. cincta, Sowerby, not Lamarck. In D. cerithoidea, Carpenter, and its synonym, D. maura, Kiener, not Sowerby (PL 14, fig. 78), the spire is somewhat exserted, an accidental variation which occasionally obtains in most species having a raised spire. D. QUADRIFASCIATA, Gray. PL 14, fig. 82. Shell pyramidal, whorls encircled with a single keel above and below, longitudinally closely ridged in the middle ; keels whitish, middle of the whorls bluish brown, ridges whitish; aperture small; canal very short. Length, 11 mill. Habitat unknown. I am not acquainted with this species. The figure is about double the natural size. D. PARDALIS, Hinds. PL 14, fig. 81. fshell longitudinally ribbed, ribs curved, interstices with fine revolving striae ; lip crenulated within ; chocolate-brown, ribs conspicuously fulvous yellow. Length, 15 mill. Gulf of Nicoya, W. Coast Central America. D. LUCTUOSA, Hinds. PL 14, fig. 86. Shell solid, dark chocolate-color, with very tine revolving striae, scarcely apparent without a glass, and a single row of minute tubercles on the periphery, which also appears on the spire- whorls ; no longitudinal ribs. Mazatlan to San Pedro, Cal. The locality " Bay of Guayaquil " given by Hinds, needs con- firmation. D. scARABvEus, Reeve. PL 14, fig. 87. Shell stoutly ovate, spire short, apex raised, smooth, spire obsoletel}' hexagonal towards the apex ; dark chestnut-brown, last whorl encircled with a narrow yellowish zone ; apex white. Length, 11 mill. Honduras (Dyson). I do not know this shell. 196 DRILLIA. D. NIGERRIMA, Sowb. PL 14, figs. 91, 89, 88, 94. Shell very dark chocolate; whorls longitudinally ribbed, the ribs terminating on a nodulous periphery, above which the sur- face is smooth and slightly concave, lower portion of body-whorl with revolving striae. Length, 22 mill. Panama to Mazatlan*. D. cornuta, Sowb., is founded upon a specimen in which the callous deposit at the top of the aperture is very thick. D. uni- color, Sowb. (fig. 89), D. rustica, Sowb. (fig. 88 >, D. tiarella, Kiener (PI. 32, fig. 19), D. rugifera, Sowb. (PI. 12, fig. 22), and probably D. Hanleyi, Carpenter (described from a single im- mature specimen), are identical. Yar. HARFORDIANA, Reeve. PL 14, fig. 94. Whorls with a narrow yellowish band on the periphery. D. obvellata, Carpenter, described from a single young shell, is probably equivalent to this variety. D. BICOLOR, Sowerby. PL 14, fig. 100. Shell chocolate-brown, with a yellowish band just below the periphery ; sculpture as in other species of this group. Length, 20 mill. Panama; Galapagos Islands. D. GRANULOSA, Sowerby. PL 14, fig. 1. Whorls concave and smooth above the periphery, ribbed below it, ribs crossed by fine granulated revolving lines ; light yellowish or pinkish brown. Length, -75 inch. Panama, Bay of Montija. D. PALLTDA, Sowerby. PL 14, fig. 8. Ribs deflected at the periphery but continuous to the suture, sharp and rather close, interstices with fine revolving striae ; sinus broad and deep ; canal very short, a little recurved ; white. Length, 20-30 mill. Panama. D. ZEBRA, Lamarck. PL 14, figs. 2, 6, 5, 11, 12, 7, 10; PL 15, figs. 15, 18. Shell orange-, chestnut- or chocolate-color, the duplicate rows of tubercles on the periphery white, with frequently one or two inferior white bands on the tubercles of the lower part of the body-whorl. Length, 20 mill. West Indies. A very common species, referred by Kiener to Mauritius, and DRILLIA. 197 by Weinkauff to E. Africa, possibly through mistaking for it poor examples of D. Barkliensis. Weinkauff attempts to .sepa-, rate Kiener's figure of D. zebra from that given by Reeve, and refers the latter, as a S3rnonym, to D. ornata, d'Orb. ; but Kiener's figure represents the ordinary West Indian form quite .as well as does that of Reeve. There are a number of synonyms : D. albinodata. Reeve (fig. 5), having the periphery more sharply angulated than usual, the figure magnified, D. albocincta, C. B. Adams, D. albomaculata , d'Orb. (fig. 11), which E. A. Smith changed to D. albopustulata, under the impression that the species (above mentioned) described by C. B. Adams, bore the same name as d'Orbigny's, D. ornata, d'Orb. (fig. 12), D. zebroides, Weinkauff (fig. 15), D. pulchra, Gray (fig. 18, magn. f), D. Jayana, C. B. Adams, D. cinerea, Weink. (fig. 10), D. collaris, Sowb. (fig. t). As will be seen from a comparison of the above figures D. zebra is a very variable species; one of its extreme forms may be separated as Var. LEUCOCYMA, Dall.Tt&. 34, fig. 2. Compared with albomaculata, d'Orb., it is more slender, with the periphery -angle bearing a pair of close revolving ribs, more conspicuous than the rest of the spiral sculpture and tipped with white wrhere crossing the jongitudinal ribs. JT* Sarasota Bay, W. Fla. In the typical albomaculata the cdroring is fimilar, but a single broader rib revolves at the periphery; in some specimens, how- ever, there is a more or less distinct impressed line on the middle of the rib, 'so approximating it to this variety. ^ D. OSTREARUM, Stearns. PL 34, fig. 19. Concavely, rather narrowly shouldered, with a thread-like raised line at the suture, closely longitudinally ribbed below the periphery, decussated by raised revolving lines ; dingy yellow to purplish black. Length, 16 mill. W. Coast of Florida (on oysters). Figured for the first time, from a specimen in Coll. Acad. Philad. D. CANCELLATA, Gray. PL 15, fig. 19. Whorls keeled at the upper part, transversely very finely 1 98 DRILLIA. ridged, ridges cancellated with longitudinal striae ; aperture small ; jet-black, ridges dirty white. Length, 10 mill. St. Vincent, W. L (Guilding). I do not know this species ; the figure is about double the natural size. D. DYSONI, Reeve. PI. 14, fig. 3. Chestnut-brown, upper part of whorls here and there inter- ruptedly white-banded. Length, 21 mill. Honduras (Dyson). Shell with stronger keel, lighter and more inflated than D- fuscescens ; differing also in having a broad sinus and scarcely any canal. I have not seen it. D. LYSIDIA, Duclos. PI. 14, fig. 4. Shell smooth and white above the periphery, below it with narrow white ribs upon a rose-red ground, connecting below with revolving rows of whits tubercles. Length, 12 mill. Habitat unknown. Figured, but not described, as a Columbella. D. LAMBERTI, Montrouzier. PL 13, fig. 76. Shell yellowish brown, with a central reddish chestnut band, filled with a double series of revolving white-tipped tubercles ; below this, on the body-whorl, is a second narrower band, bearing ;i Dingle series of small white tubercles, and a brown line and spots at the base. Length 10 mill. N. Caledonia. D. MUCRONATA, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 14. Shell acuminately pyramidal, whorls somewhat obscurely plicately ribbed, ribs nodulous, aperture short ; brown, middle row of nodules whitish. Length, 8 mill. Habitat unknown. Described from a single shell having no well-marked characters ; it may be a variety of D. fuscescens. D. CLIONELL^EFORMIS, Weinkauff. PI. 15, fig. 16. Yellowish, longitudinally plicate, the plicae whitish, closely covered by revolving lines ; whorls contracted and unilirate at the suture. Length, 22 mill. Habitat unknown. DRILLIA. 199 D. CANTHARIS, Reeve. PI. 15, fig. 22. Shell thick, solid, smooth; whorls oblique, nodosely plicated^ round the middle ; sinus rather large ; very dark brown, nodules whitish. Length, 11 mill. Philippines. Evidentl}7 described from a stunted specimen. The figure is double the natural size. D. NITIDA, Kiener. PL 15, fig. 20. Shell ovate, rather stout, smooth, shining ; yellowish, painted with brown revolving lines, rose-tinted at the apex ; upper whorls of the spire delicately plaited ; lip simple, contracted in the middle. Length, 10 mill. Habitat unknown. D. RUBIGINOSA, Hinds. PL 15, fig. 17. Whorls six, somewhat rounded, with revolving striae; reddish brown. Length 7*5 mill. Straits of Malacca, in mud, 17 fms. (Hinds). This and the preceding species are aberrant forms of the group Crassispira. D. MARAVIGN^;, Bivona. PL 8, fig. 12. Whorls usually somewhat round-shouldered, shell finely flexuously longitudinally plicate, plicae about twenty ; lip usually externally varicose, sinus wide ; yellowish- or reddish-brown, shining, sometimes banded. Length, 12 mill. Mediterranean Sea, Bay of Biscay. The synon3rmy includes Fasus semicostatus, Cantraine, PI. incrassata, Dujardin, PL crebricostata, Hinds, PL incisa, Reeve (figured), PL elegans, Scacchi. The following are unfigured species of the Crassispiree, which I am unable to arrange. D. MICROSTOMA, E. A. Smith. Ceylon. D. MELANACME, E. A. Smith (? = young D. zebra). St. Vinvent, W. I. D. LATIZONATA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. D. CARIBB^A, E. A. Smith. Cuba. D. ATRAMENTOSA, E. A. Smith. (Near P. discors, Sowb.) Panama. 14 200 DRILLIA. D. FLAVOCARINATA, E. A. Smith. (Sculpture like discors.) Panama. D. NODATA, C. B. Adams. Jamaica. D. CLIMACOTA, Watson. Tongatabu. Section BRILLIA (typical). The sections of Drillia are all artificial and unsatisfactory — this more so than the preceding ones, as it merely includes those species which cannot be properly placed under the foregoing groups. Some of them resemble the Alatse so closely that they might almost as well go into that group, others are only distin- guished from the section Clatus by the presence of spiral sculp- ture, whilst others again can only be separated from Crassispira by arbitrarily fixing the precise degree of solidity necessary to enter that group. The great confusion which reigns regarding the synonymy and mutual relations of the Pleurotomidse forbids an}Tthing approaching a definite arrangement of the species at present ; indeed the material is absolutely insufficient. My present essay towards a natural grouping of the species will, I hope, pave the way for better work hereafter. In no other group of the family have the results of my studies been so unsatisfactory as in the one now to be considered. D. SPLENDIDULA, Sowb. PL 10, fig. 72. Whorls smooth, longitudinally ribbed below the tuberculate periphery, tubercles and ribs slight, the latter curved, and white upon a brownish rose-colored surface. Length, 28 mill. Galapagos Islands. D. SPECTRUM, Reeve. PL 11, fig 83. Snowy white, the nodules tinged with light brown ; sinus broad and shallow, not produced ; outer lip sharp. Length, 17*5 mill. Philippines (Cuming). A pale, obliquely ribbed species, rather thin. D. PUTILLUS, Reeve. PL 11, figs. 85, 97. Yellowish white, chestnut-tinted between the slight longi- tudinal ribs ; the tuberculate periphery forms a strong angle on the whorls; lip simple, thin, sinus broad and shallow. Length, 15 mill. Philippines, 15 fathoms, coarse sand (Cuming) ; N. Australia (Brazier) ; China Sea (Ads. and Reeve). DRILL! A, -201 D. albicincta, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 97), is a more highly colored adult, with, the peripheral row of tubercles whitish ; I find no other difference. D. REGIA, Beck. PL 11, fig. 80. Periphery with a double row of nodules^ the Whorls smooth above and granulated below it ; sinus small ; whitish maculated with chestnut. Length, 25-35 mill. Amboina, Moluccas. D. SINENSIS, Hinds. PI. 11, figs. 84, 94, 5, 6, 9 ; PI. 12, fig. 11. Whorls numerous, convex, slightly angulated and noduled on the periphery, flexuously longitudinally ribbed below and cancel- lated by raised revolving lines ; suture bordered by an obliquely nodulous band ; yellowish or flesh-brown, sometimes narrowly dark-banded at the suture and base ; interior yellowish. Length, 1 inch. New Guinea, Straits of Macassar, China Sea (Hinds) ; Philip* pines (D unker) ; Japan (Bunker) ; Australia (Angas, Brazier, etc.). Weinkauff s figure of this species scarcely represents it. The synonyms are D. intertincta, E. A. Smith (fig. 94) ; D. Metcalfei, Angas (fig. 5); D. consimilis, E. A. Smith (fig. 11); D. Coxi, Angas (fig. 6) ; D. spicata, Hinds (fig. 9). D. SAORA, Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 89. Shell rather solid, somewhat gibbous towards the base ; whorls depressed above the nodulous periphery, longitudinally granosely ribbed below it, with minute revolving ridges ; canal very short ; sinus broad ; yellowish white, the last whorl with a central light chestnut band. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Closely allied to the last species in form, but differs in the better developed ribs and in coloration. D. PERADMIRABILIS, E. A. Smith. PI. 11, fig. 96. Yellowish white, stained with brown beneath the suture, brown- banded on the middle of the body-whorl, irregularly spotted and dotted with a lighter tint-over the rest of the surface, but leaving a narrow, plain white zone on the periphery and another just below the brown band; whorls obliquely plicated, with close revolving lirae finely granulated, and separated by deep-cut striae. Length, 23 mill. Japan. 202 DRILLIA, D. INTERMACULATA, E. A. Smith. PL 11, fig. 90. Shell shining, subpellucid, white, with four revolving series of brownish yellow dots between the ribs on the body-whorl, and two on those of the spire ; ribs slight, no revolving striae. Length, 10 mill. Japan. D. FLAVONODULOSA, E. A. Smith. PL 11, fig. 99. Solid, pale fleshy white, with two narrow reddish brown bands ; coarsely longitudinally ribbed, and spirally lirate, lifee of ir- regular sizes, some of them nodulous. Length, 9*5 mill. Japan. D. JAPONICA, Lischke. PL 11, fig. 88. Spire elevated, acute, with a ridge below the sutures; longi- tudinal ribs about eight, rounded, oblique, crossed by close strong striae, and terminating above on the periphery ; yellowish brown with two chestnut bands, or the lower one broader so as to cover the lower portion of the body -whorl ; sinus small, but rather deep. Length, 1 inch. Japan, Hong Kong. A fine specimen before me has two decided varices on the body and one on the penultimate whorl. The original specimens were imperfect and figures have been published by E. A. Smith and Weinkauff (figured), the former from a worn and rather unchar- acteristic specimen, the latter excellent. Weinkauff considers the unfigured D. latifasciata^ Sowb., a s}rnonym. D. RARICOSTATA, Smith. PL 11, fig. 2. Shell horny brown, the whorls excavated above and somewhat margined at the suture, with a few strong, oblique ribs, termi- nating above at the periphery, last whorl obliquely grooved at ' the base. Length, 10 mill. Japan. D. LONGISPIRA, E. A. Smith. PL 11, fig. 3. Whorls with six longitudinal ribs, obliquey subnodulous on the periphery, which they surmount, but do not reach the suture, spirally striated ; whitish, with two bands of chestnut spots between the ribs on the spire-whorls, and a third band in addition upon the lower part of the body-whorl. Length, 16'5 mill. Japan. DRILLIA. 203 D. HUMILTS, E. A. Smith. PL 11, fig. 4, Whorls Strongly excavated above, with granules beneath the suture, periphery nodulous, below which are nine oblique longi- tudinal ribs, the body-whorl is striate towards the base only; yellowish brown, with a rather broad chocolate central band, ribs tipped with white. Length, 9 mill. Japan. Said to resemble a dwarfed D. obliquata, Reeve, but has fewer volutions and the apical ones much larger, the form is less robust and the coloring is different in detail. D. OBLIQUATA, Reeve. PL 11, fig. 1 (*). Yellowish brown, within and without, with a narrow lighter band on the periphery, and sometimes a row of white dots on the ribs a little below the middle of the body-whorl ; a few revolving striae at the base. Length, 14 mill. Persian Gulf, Ceylon, Singapore, Japan. D. SUBOBLTQUATA, Smith. PL 11, fig. 100. Shell horny brown, with a narrow white band at the periphery, and a second subinterrupted one on the body-whorl below the middle. Length, 18 mill. Japan. More slender than D. obliquata, the upper concave portion of the whorls narrower, the costae more numerous, crossed by revolving striae (wanting in D. obliquata), the basal canal broader. D. CANDENS, E. A. Smith. PL 11, fig. 8. White, shining, subpellucid ; whorls eight, nuclear smooth, normal ones obliquely ribbed, with here and there fine spiral striae requiring a glass to make them out ; lower part of body- whorl obliquely grooved ; sinus very wide and deep. Length, 12 mill. Japan. D. DENSEPLICATA, Dunker. PL 11, fig. 7. Shell yellowish brown, the whorls strongly shouldered and closely ribbed, crossed by larger and smaller revolving striae; lip thick, subsulcate within ; sinus rather deep. Length, 13 mill. Bass Straits,. 204 DRILLIA. D. OBLIQUICOSTATA, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 12. Longitudinal ribs oblique, narrow, a little waved, obtusely pointed on the periphery ; a few revolving stride at the base of the body-whorl ; yellowish white, spotted and maculated with chestnut. Length, 16 mill. Habitat unknown. A species which evidently has no especial characteristics. I am not acquainted with it. D. CROCATA, Reeve. PL 12, fig. 13. Shell pyramidally oblong, transversely elevately striated, longitudinally ribbed, last whorl furnished with a small gibbous tubercle, canal very short, aperture short, sinus broad, large ; whitish, covered with a saffron-olive epidermis. Length, '8 inch. Habitat unknown. This shell is unknown to me, but appears closely related to D. Sinentris, Hinds. D. AQUATILIS, Reeve. PL 12, fig. 16. Shell ovately turreted, solid, spire acuminated, whorls smooth, depressed round the upper part, obliquely plicately tubercled ; canal very short, sinus large ; ivory-white, painted with bands of extremely fine pale horny brown waved lines. Length, '75 inch. Habitat unknown. D. PALLIATA, Reeve. PL 12, fig. 15. Shell ovately oblong, whorls rather convex, transverse^ very finely closely striated, encircled with a single row of conspicuous rather elevated granules; canal very short; whitish, covered with a pale fulvous epidermis. Length, 13'5 mill. Habitat unknown. D. EXARATA, Reeve. PL 12, fig. 14. Shell granose at the intersection of longitudinal and revolving sculpture, the granules taking a spiral direction, minutely noduled on the periphery ; canal very short, truncated, sinus large ; pale fulvous color, brown-dotted between the ribs. Length, 13'5 mill. Habitat unknown. DRILLIA. 205 D. VARICOSA, Reeve. Pi. 12, fig. 17. Whorls smooth near the suture, longitudinally ribbed below, with large rude scattered varices, sinus broad "and rather deepf ribs grayish on a darker surface, sometimes entirely brown. Length, 1 inch. Philippines, Australia. Notwithstanding some differences in the descriptions, I think it probable that this species is identical with D. Japonica, Lischke ; if so, the latter name will become a synonym. D. ALBICOSTATA, Sowb. PI. 13, fig. 57. Rose-colored, the longitudinal ribs white, close-set, no spiral sculpture ; aperture callous above ; sinus rather deep. Length, 22 mill. Galapagos Inlands. D. SOLOMONENSIS, E. A. Smith. PI. 12, fig. 23. Differs from D. varicosa in being narrower, with angulated ribs, longer and narrower aperture and canal, and in color, having dark brown stripes between the ribs, and a series of brown spots on an infrasutural keel. Length, 23 mill. Solomon's Isles (Brazier). Sometimes slightly varicose. I). PYRAMIDATA, Kiener. PL 12, fig. 34 ; PL 13, fig. 67. Shell Cerithiiform, strongly corded on the periphery, smooth above it, except a narrow granulated sutural band, below with oblique slight, ribs and revolving striae ; chocolate, the peripheral and sutural nodes whitish ; interior chocolate, with a white band. Length, 1 inch. W. Africa. D. OBELISCUS, Reeve. Pi. 12, fig. 21. Shell stouter than the preceding species, lower portion of the last whorl granosely ridged ; canal short; sinus large ; whitish, covered with a yellowish olive epidermis. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. I have not seen this species. D. WILMERI, E. A. Smith. PL 12, fig. 24. Sharply keeled and noduled on the periphery, with revolving striae below it, stronger towards the base ; .whitish, stained with 206 DRILLIA. chestnut at the apex and on the lower part of the body-whorl, a row of chestnut dots between the nodules of the periphery. Length, 16 mill. Andaman Islands. D. TRAILLT, Hutton. PI. 34, fig. 90 ; PI. 12, fig. 37. Spire acute, with broad, shallow, spiral grooves, and promi- nent transverse ribs on the central and anterior portions of the whorls ; posterior margin, near the suture flat ; aperture oval, canal short ; yellowish brown or chestnut-color ; body-whorl shorter than the spire. Length, I'l inches. Stewart Island, N. Zealand, 24 fms. (Hutton) ; New South Wales (Angas). Figured from a specimen sent to me by Prof. Hutton. D. semula, Angas (PI. 12, fig. 37), is identical. D. LAUTA, Pease. PI. 12, fig. 31. Periphery nodose, nodules rather prominent, longitudinally disposed, surface concave above ; canal short, open ; sinus broad and deep ; yellowish chestnut, with a white band on the periphery and a red chestnut line running on the middle of it, one or two narrow wrhite bands below on the body-whorl, each indistinctly narrowly bordered with red chestnut on either side. Length, 9 mill. Viti and Paumotus Is. D. EXILIS, Pease. PI. 15, fig 25 ; PI. 12, fig. 32. Whorls nearly plane, longitudinally plicately ribbed, the ribs small and close, descending from the sutures ; aperture very short ; canal short and open ; reddish chestnut, the ribs whitish, with a dark band below the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 5*5 mill. Viti, Cook's and Paumotus Isles. D. pusilla, Garrett (PI. 12, fig. 32), is a synonym. D. PYGMJEA, Dunker. PI. 34, fig. 89. Shell stouter, the spire shorter, more convex and obtuse than in the preceding species, the whorls not constricted above ; sculpture and coloring same as in D. exilis. Viti Islands. Although remarkabty similar to D. exilis, the form will, on comparison, readily distinguish it. DRILLIA. 201 D. PAPILLOSA, Garrett. PI. 12, fig. 33. Whorls eight, slightly constricted round the upper portion^ covered by large rounded granules ; base contracted, spirally riclmvd ; canal short, obtuse; sinus large, deep and rounded; yellowish white, with three obscure light chestnut bands on the body-whorl. Length, 6 mill. Viti Islands. D. MINUTISSIMA, Garrett. PI. 12, fig. 29. Shell minute, solid ; whorls six, the spire moderate, covered with close granules formed by revolving lines decussating low longitudinal ribs ; aperture truncated below ; sinus large ; red- dish brown. Length, 2 mill. Viti Islands. D. SUBAURTFORMIS, E. A. Smith. PI. 12, fig. 35. Whorls well rounded, sometimes slightly angulated on the periphery, spire rather long, acute; obliquety longitudinally closely costate, crossed by spiral lirae, the intersections becoming aubgranulous ; spiral lirse more conspicuous at the base ; lip thickened without, lirate or dentate within ; sinus wide ; yellowish white, brown-banded at the suture, and lower part of the body- whorl similarly colored. Length, 9*5-1 2*5 mill. Japan. D. TEXTA, Dunker. PI. 9, fig. 42. Shell small, with close ribs and revolving striae ; suture pro- found ; aperture slightly coarctate, outer lip thickened, sulcate within ; sinus wide ; yellowish brown, with a chestnut band below the middle of the body- whorl. Length, 8 mill. Japan. Perhaps a variety of the preceding species. D. FORTILIRATA, E A. Smith. PL 12, fig. 36. Whorls twelve, slightly convex, with ten or eleven coarse oblique ribs crossed by very prominent spiral lirae, forming com- pressed large nodules; below the middle of the body-whorl the ribs become evanescent and the spiral sculpture finer and closer; sinus small; horny or dirty white, aperture horn-colored, some- times slightly lirate within the outer lip. Length, 14 mill. Japan. D. MOQUINIANA, Montrouzier. PI. 9, fig. 43. Shell with flattened whorls, obliquely longitudinally costate, the costse fading towards the upper part and base of the body- 208 DBILLTA. whorl, with close revolving lines ; sinus moderate and rounded ; canal very short, recurved ; color yellowish white, marked with chestnut, and with also scarcely apparent lines of chestnut. Length, 12 mill. New Caledonia. D. TRIPTER, von Maltzan. PL 30, fig. 80. Light violaceous ; sinus wide and shallow. Length, 23 mill. W. Coast of Africa. D. BALLISTA, von Maltzan. PL 30, fig, 90. Wax-yellow; narrowly sinuate, sinus pretty deep. Length, 18'5 mill. W. Coast of Africa. D. BUCHANANI, Hutton. Shell fusiform, elongated ; spire acute ; periphery angulated, above it the whorls are concave and smooth, with a slight ridge at the suture, below the angle with oblique ribs and spiral strias; aperture oval, canal produced ; bod}^-whorl longer than the spire; light rosy, fuscous between the ribs. Length, 21 mill. New Zealand. First described by Hutton as a tertiary fossil ; afterwards by E. A. Smith, from recent specimens, under the name of D. maorum. Not figured. D. AWAMOAENSIS, Hutton. PL 12, fig. 25. Shell small, thin, turreted, j^ellowish white ; whorls eight-and- a-half, the first ones smooth and convex, afterwards slightly carinated ; longitudinally finely ribbed, and spirally lirate ; upper part of whorls not concave ; canal moderate, aperture elongately oval, posterior sinus very slight. Length, 13 mill. New Zealand. Distinguished from D. Buchanani, by the whorls being less angulated and without the smooth concave shoulder and the suture not margined. First described as a tertiary fossil. Figured from a recent specimen sent to me by Prof. Hutton. D. PATAGONICLV, d'Orbigny. PI. 13, figs. 46, 4t. Shell yellowish brown, first whorls globose, third and follow- ing ones Bubangulated, with longitudinal short, fine ribs and close revolving striae, the ribs obsolete on the body-whorl ; sinus broad and shallow. Length, 1 inch. Patagonia. DRILLIA. 209 Martens describes a var. Magellanica, differing only in being half the above size. D. STUDERTANA, Martens. PI. 13, fig. 48. Shell stouter than the preceding species, with shorter body- whorl ; the ribs stronger and fewer, evanescent on the bod3^-whorl, the revolving lines slighter, scarcely apparent ; canal shorter and broader. Length, 22 mill. Kerguelen Island. J). LOPRESTIANA, Calcara. PI. 13, figs. 66, 59. Whorls seven, with revolving carinse, the interstices longitu- dinally striate ; sinus wide ; whitish, apex brown-stained. Length, 8 mill. Mediterranean Sea. i>. crispaia, as figured by Reeve (fig. 59), is a synonym ; as well as several other specific names, some of which are for fossils ; Tarentini, Phil., Renieri, Scacchi, moniliger, Cantraine, tri- cinctum, Calcara, Trecchi, Testa. D. KENNICOTTI, Dall. PI. 13, fig. 69. Shell solid, white, with traces of thin yellowish epidermis ; no longitudinal ribs ; lip deeply excavated below the suture, margin thin and sharp ; columella twisted. Length, 21 mill. Unga Island, Shumagin Group, Alaska. Much resembles PI. declivis, Martens, from Japan. If identi- cal, the latter name will become a synonym. D. CORTJSCA, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 60. Shell rather pyramidal, highly polished ; upper portion of the whorls flat, clouded with reddish brown and white, lower portion more prominent, encircled with a row of irregular reddish brown dots, last whorl encircled with two rows of dots; aperture short ; canal very short. Length, '75 inch. Philippines (Cuming). Two specimens only of this singular shell were obtained ; it differs much from the ordinary type of Drillia, the form being more like a Daphnella, but it appears to be a thick species. D. VEXILLUM, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 72 (f ). Shell closely ribbed, and with revolving ridges at the base ; 210 DRILL I A. yellowish, the lower half of the body-whorl, and a narrow lower portion of those of the spire chocolate-brown. Length, 11 mill. Pt. Jackson, Australia (Angas), D. ARATA, Reeve. PL 15, fig. 27 (f ). Shell pyramidal, sutures peculiarly excavated ; whorls very closely encircled with narrow granulous ridges ; aperture small ; yellowish white. Length, 9 mill. Habitat unknown. The ridges are said to be more granulous towards the apex.. I am not acquainted with the species. D. PAGODA, Reeve. PL 15, fig. 23. Shell pyramidal, whorls depressed at the upper part, slightly angled, ribbed at the angle, ribs short, close-set, decussated throughout with raised lines ; ashy red, stained with dark red spots between the ribs, Up and columella stained with dark red ; canal short. Length, 8 mill. Habitat unknown, D. TURRIS, Reeve. PL 15, fig. 30 (f ). Pyramidally acuminated, whorls longitudinally stoutly ribbed, transversely very finely ridged, aperture short; olive-brown. Length, 8 mill, Habitat unknown. First described and figured by Reeve under the name of Pagoda — already used by himself for the preceding species. D. DONATA, Hinds. PL 15, fig. 26. Whorls eight, rose-colored, ribs small, rather sharp, oblique, whitish, fading towards the suture ; back of the last whorl smooth ; canal short. Length, 8 mill. New Guinea. D. FULVA, Hinds. PL 13, fig. 65. Shell fulvous ; whorls six, granulous, tubercularly ribbed, , angulated at the upper part ; suture with a granulous line. Length, 6 mill. Straits of Macassar (Hinds). D. MINUTA, Tenison-Woods. PL 34, fig. 93. Shell minute, fusiform, turreted, elongate, thin ; \-ellowish or DRILLIA. 211 pink of reddish chestnut throughout ; whorls six, convex, spirally many-keeled, between the keels thickly and slenderly longitudi- nally lirate ; apex of two subinflated whorls which are spirally and equally striate ; aperture shorter than the spire, elongately ovate, outer lip thin, sinuous, inner lip inconspicuous. L. 3, lat, 1 mill. Tasmania, Figured from a specimen sent to me by Mr. C. E. Beddome. Section CONOPLEURA, Hinds. D. STKIATA, Hinds. PI. 8, figs. 6, 7. Spire turreted, the shoulder of the whorls somewhat tabulate, with numerous septa crossing to the sutures, shoulder-angle somewhat coronate ; surface finely spirally striate ; sinus broad and deep ; Whitish or yellowish. Length, 19 mill. New Guinea, 7 fms., mud (Hinds). One of Reeve's figures shows a reversed shell, a rarity in this genus. The following unfigured species ate described as species of Drillia :— D. ZEALANDICA, E. A. Smith. • New Zealand D. Cheesemani, Hutton, is a synonym. D. CHOCOLATUM, E. A. Smith* Japan. D. MINDANENSIS, E. A. Smith* Philippines. D. ROTUNDICOSTATA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. D. SUBOCHRACEA, E. A. Smith. China seas (probably). D. NODILIRATA, E. A. Smith* Philippines. D. ATKINSONI, Tenison-Woods, 1876. Tasmania. D. ATKINSONI, E. A. Smith, 1877* Habitat unknown. If the last two are both good species, Mr. Smith's specific name will need changing. D. ANGUSTA, E. A. Smith. China Sea. D. MULTILIRATA, E. A. Smith. ? Port Jackson, Aust?\ D, INCERTA, E. A. Smith. New Guinea. 212 DRILLIA. D. PRATTII, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. D. EXCAVATA, E. A. Smith. Habitat unknown. D. CONCOLOR, E. A. Smith. Moluccas; China. D. INCONSTANS, E. A. Smith. Japan. D. TUBEROSA, E. A. Smith. (Resembles varicosa, Reeve.) Japan. D. GYPSATA, Watson. New Zealand. D. BRACHYTONA, Watson. Aru Island. D. FLUCTUOSA, Watson. (Allied to Studeriana and Patagonica, Martens.) Kerguelen. D. BULBACEA, Watson. New Zealand. D. SPICEA, Watson. Off Pernambuco. D. ULA, Watson. N. E. from N. Zealand. D. STIROPHORA, Watson. Near Pernambuco.. D. PH^EACRA, Watson. Near Pernambuco. D. TMETA, Watson. Off Pernambuco. D. INCILIS, Watson. St. Thomas, W I. D. EXCULPTA, Watson. St. Thomas, W. I. D. THOLOIDES, Watson. Off Pernambuco. D. AMELIA, Watson. St. Thomas, W. I. D. AGLAOPHANES, Watson. St. Thomas, W. I. D. LOPHOESSA, Watson (and var. PLATIA). Pernambuco. D. BI COLOR, Gray. Habitat unknown. D. CLATHRATA, Gray. Habitat unknown. D. SUTURALIS, Gray. Habitat unknown. D. EBOREA, Gould. Kikaia Island. D. RUFESCENS, D unker. Upolu. D. NODIFERA, Pease. Sandwich Islands. D. NODULOSA, Pease. Polynesia. D. L^VIS, Hutton. New Zealand. D. MASTERST, Brazier. New Guinea. D. SPALDINGI, Brazier. Torres Sts., Australia. D. WELDIANA, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania. D. AGNEWI, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania. D. T^ENIATA, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania. D. TRICARINATA, Tenison-Woods. Port Jackson, Austr. D. POLYTORTA, Dall. (413 fins.) Off Cape S. Antonio, Cuba. D. NUCLEATA, Dall. Caribbean Sea. D. SUBSIDA, Dall. Caribbean Sea. SPIROTROPIS, BEL A. 213 D. EXASPERATA, Ball. (1002 fms.) Off Gape S. Antonio, Cuba. D. ? LEUCOMATA, Dall. Caribbean Sea. D. GRATULA, Dall. Caribbean Sea. D. DETECTA, Dall. Caribbean Sea. D. SERGA, Dall. Caribbean Sea. D. SMIRNA, Dall. Off Cape S. Antonio, Cuba. D. OLEACINA, Dall. Caribbean Sea. D. HAVANENSIS, Dall. Off Havana ; Yucatan Strait. D. YERRILLII, Dall. Caribbean Sea. D. PERIPLA, Dall. Yucatan Strait. D. ELUSIVA, Dall. Yucatan Strait. D. MORRA, Dall. Off Havana. D. PUNCTATOSTRIATA, Carpenter. Bay of Panama. D. APPRESSA, Carpenter. Cape St. Lucas, L. California. Genus SPIROTROPIS Sars., 1878. S. CARINATA, Philippi. PL 7, figs. 94, 93. Shell white, whorls slightly excavated above, angulated and carinated on the periphery ; sinus broad, deep and remarkably distinct, with the upper edge thickened. Length, '75 inch. Mediterranean Sea to Norway. Jeffreys thus describes the animal * Body cream-color ; pallial tube short ; tentacles cylindrical, short and slender; eyes black, small but very distinct, placed on the tops of stalks which are united to the tentacles and are one-half their length ; foot pro- portionally large, almost equally broad throughout, squarish in front, and bluntly pointed behind. First described as a Sicilian tertiaiy fossil, and often known under the catalogue-name of P. modiolus, Jan. Genus BELA (Leach) Gray, 1847. Prof. Yerrill has carefully reviewed the American species of Bela (Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 457-486), elucidating, as satisfac- torily as possible, the synonj^my of this very variable group of shells. His connection with the U. S. Fish Commission has given him opportunities for the study of their characters, such as have been enjoyed by no other naturalist. He says : u Each 214 BELA. ) species of the genus seems to have a longer and a shorter form, which often differ decidedly in appearance. This variation, which is also seen in many other genera of spiral shells, is prob- ably, to a certain extent, sexual ; but it is not entirely so, for while the males seem usually to be long-spired, with narrower and flatter whorls, I have also found males among the short- spired ones. Moreover, there are, evidently, geographical races or varieties, as well as irregular individual variations, and pecu- liarities due to injuries of various kinds." B. SCHANTARICA, Middendorff. PL 34, fig. 76 ; PI. 30, figs. 96, 97 ; PI. 29, fig. 56 ; PL 33 ; fig. 70. Shell whitish or flesh-white, under a livid olivaceous epider- mis ; smooth, or with fine spiral striae ; aperture violaceous to white. L. 12, diam. 8 mill. Norway to Alaska. The synonymy is large, including B. gigas (Beck, MS.), Ver- kriizen (fig. 97), B. Isevigata, Dall (fig. 96), and I think B. tenui- lirata, Dall, described as a variety of B. Isevigata, with revolving striae, and afterwards called simplex, by Yerrill, from a specimen dredged, in 365 fathoms, off Martha's Vineyard. B. simplex, Middendorff (PL 29, fig. 56), shell narrower, with longer spire, does not appear to me to present even varietal ditiracters. B. Morchi, Leche (PL 33, fig. 70), is another name for B. gigas as figured by Verkriizen, whilst for a variety diUering in the more produced, curved canal, the typical gigas of Beck, Mb'rch has proposed the name gigantea. Mr. Pali's B. laevigata is much smaller than the type, with shorter spire, and may constitute a geographical race or variety. According to Mr. Dall B. arctica, A. Ad., should be added to the synonymy. B. BICARINATA, Couthuoy. PL 28, figs. 32-34 ; PL 27, figs. 18, 26,31. Whorls six or seven, the lower ones obtusely, the upper ones more acutely carinated, upper whorls with riblets on the subsu- tural band, sometimes crossing the carina, becoming obsolete on the body-whorl ; fine revolving striae cross the growth-lines, and give the shell a finely decussated appearance ; a single revolving ridge on the spire below the shoulder-carina, and several, less UNIVERSITY BELA. prominent ones on the penultimate and body-whorl ; chestnut to violaceous brown. Length, 8'5-ll mill. Cape Cod, Mass., to Greenland; Iceland, Norway, Spitzbergen. Jeffreys declares the previous species closely allied to this and Leche makes them identical specifically. B. violacea, Mighels and Adams (figs. 33, 34), differs from the typical form only in being a little larger and stouter, with the two carinse on the upper whorls less evident ; this is due partly to erosion, partly to age ; the perfect young of the species being typical, the adults or eroded young of the form violacea. The synon3^my includes B. cylindracea, Moller, B. Beckii, Moller, B. livida, Moller (PL 27, fig. 26), B. Grcenlandica, Reeve (PL 27, fig. 18, J), B brevis, Leche, B. ventricosa, Morch, and B. rugu- lata (Moller), Reeve (PL 27, fig. 31). B. NOVAJA-SEMLJENSIS, Leche. PL 33, fig. 66. Shell yellowish ash-color ; finely and equally decussated by longitudinal and revolving lines ; whorls with a narrow shoulder. Length, 8 mill. Nova Zembla. B. PYRAMIDALIS, Strom. PL 30, fig. 92 ; PL 28, figs. 40, 47 ; PL 27, fig. 30 ; PL 33, fig. 72 ; PL 34, fig. 81. Shell with usually a rather high spire, seven or eight tolerably convex whorls, scarcely or not at all shouldered, ribs 13 to 16, sigmoid, fading out about or above the middle of the body-whorl ; there are numerous, fine, close revolving lines, sometimes not apparent on the ribs ; pale chestnut-color, when fresh. Length, 13 mill. Massachusetts to Greenland ; Iceland, Norway, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla. Varies considerably in the elevation of the spire and in stout- ness, as well as in the development of the ribs. Prof. Verrill doubts the identity of B. pleurotomaria , Couthouy (PL 30, fig. 92) with this species, and considers B. pyramidalis, as figured by Sars (PL 28, fig. 40), at any rate different from pleuroto- maria; but I find all the forms that have been referred to this species by Jeffreys, Leche and others well within the usual varietal limits of similar species. I therefore consider the fol- 15 216 BELA. lowing as additional synonyms : B. semiplicata, Sars (PI. 28, fig. 47), a varietal name, B. discors, Brown, Fusus rufus, Gould, not Montagu (PI. 34, fig. 81), B. Vahli, Moller (PL 27, fig. 30), and B. Jenisseensis (PL 33, fig. 72) and Isevior, Let-he, described as varieties. B. ALASKENSIS, Dall. PL 34, fig. 5. Whorls well rounded, slightly shouldered, obliquely ribbed, the ribs waved near the suture, and obsolete on the lower half of the body-whorl, with very minute, close revolving striae ; reddish or purplish brown, under a thin olivaceous epidermis ; aperture brown, polished, smooth. Length, -8 inch. Alaska. Described as a Mangilia, with a doubt as to whether it may not be a Bela. Through Mr. Dall's kindness I have examined the type, and think it better placed in Bela. B. ALEUTICA, Dall. PL 34, fig. 4. Shell pure white, narrow, of seven shouldered whorls, bearing 13 or 14 longitudinal ribs, terminating in a carina at the shoulder, with very faint close spiral grooves passing over the ribs. Length, '68 inch. Alaska. Figured from one of the type specimens. Described as a Mangilia. B. EXPANSA, Sars. PL 29, fig. 52. Whorls five, finely decussated ; spire short ; whitish. Length, 9 mill. Norway. Its peculiar form will immediately distinguish it. B. EXIGUA, Jeffreys. PL 33, fig. 73. Shell rather solid, but translucent, somewhat glossy, milk- white ; delicately decussated by close, fine striae ; suture deep ; last whorl obtusely shouldered near the mouth. Length, 5 mill. Faroe Channel. Said to differ from B. tenuicostata, Sars (= the next species), by its narrower form, straight longitudinal lines or striae, and very blunt spire ; the fissural groove also, is much shallower. BELA. 217 B. DECUSSATA, Couthouy. PI. 29, figs. 55, 60, 65, 69 ; PL 27, figs. 21, 25 ; PL 28, figs. 35, 36 ; PL 30, fig. 94. Shell ovate-fusiform, with a moderate, scarcely tnrreted spire; whorls six or seven, round-shouldered ; with about 24 sigmoid longitudinal ribs, evanescing about the middle of the body-whorl, close revolving striae cross the ribs ; sinus well marked, close to the suture ; canal narrowed, but short ; columella nearly straight in the middle ; color white, yellowish or pinkish white. Length, 9 mill. New England, northwards ; Labrador ; Greenland; Nova Zembla. This is B. scalaris (Vahl) of Reeve (PL 27, fig. 21) afterwards changed to B. borealis. B. leucostoma, Reeve (PL 27, fig. 25), B. reticulata, Vahl, according to Reeve. B. tenuicostata, M. Sars (PL 28, figs. 35, 36), differs only in being smaller, with more numerous ribs. Yerrill also describes a var. pusilla, having the ribs less prominent and not so much bent at the shoulder, giving the shell a smoother appearance. Another variety is B. viridula, Moller not of Reeve, and of which B. Kobelti, Verkruzen (PL 30, fig. 94), is a synonym; it is more strongly ribbed with a better defined shoulder than the type, the ribs straighter. B. incisula, Verrill (PL 29, fig. 65), appears to me to be no more than a stunted, shouldered variety, with straight ribs, approaching B. Kobelti. B. hebes, Ver- rill (PL 29, fig. 69). and B. pygmsea, Verrill (PL 29, fig. 60), are also varietal forms, having slight distinctive characters, which will appear by comparing the figures ; the latter is evidently from its small size and fewer whorls a young specimen. B. Trevelyana, var. Smithii, Jeffreys, is considered by Verrill a doubtful variety of his B. incisula. B. PINGELII, Moller. PL 29, fig. 64. Shell slender, with elongated spire, and moderately convex whorls, with numerous longitudinal, rather straight ribs, excurved above, and strong, elevated spiral lines, forming nodules where the}*- cross the ribs ; pale chestnut-brown, with the canal and columella whitish. Length, 11-12 mill. Maine; Greenland; Norway. Not unfrequently confounded by authors with the next species, 218 BELA. and perhaps with B. pyramidalis, but readily distinguished by its high spire, want of shoulder, and its nodulous surface. B. CANCELLATA, Mighels. PL 29, figs. 67, 53 ; PL 28. fig. 46. Whorls nine, somewhat convex, narrowly obtusely shouldered ; ribs strong, flexuous, with a sigmoid curve at the shoulder,- crossed by coarse spiral cinguli ; white, stained rosy or light chestnut, or yellowish. Length, 15-20 mill. Massachusetts; Greenland; Norway; Nova Zembla. Often confounded with allied species, and especially with B. Pingelii, above, and with B. pyramidalis, B. harpularia, and B. Gouldii. B. pyramidalis has a more slender spire, and the spiral sculpture is less developed ; B. harpularia is less elongated, with straighter ribs and finer revolving lines ; B. Gouldii has more shouldered whorls, nodulous at the angle, straight ribs, and longer carnal. It must be confessed that these distinctions are rather arbitrary, and that the interests of science would have been promoted if many of the so-called species of Bela had not been described. B. elegans, Moller (PL 29, fig. 53), and B. angu- losa (PL 28, fig. 46) of Sars, may be considered slight variations of this species. B. SARSII, Yerrill. PL 28, fig. 49. This name was proposed for the species figured by Sars for B. cancellata. The whorls are obtusely shouldered, the ribs fewer and stronger, and nearly straight, crossed by rather distant revolving grooves, giving it a coarsely cancellated or tesselated subnodulous surface. Length, 10 mill. Norway; Labrador t B. CINEREA, Moller. PL 28, fig. 48. Shell scarcely shouldered, with numerous narrow ribs, and many spiral striae ; aperture broadly truncate below. Length, 22 mill. Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen. Barely distinguishable from the last species. B. DECLIVIS, Love'n. PL 28, fig. 38. Shell longer in the spire and narrower, proportionally, than B. cinerea, with slightly stronger shoulder, fewer ribs and BEL A. 219 revolving striae, the sculpture cancellated ; aperture broadly truncate below. Length, 22 mill. Norway, Faroe Islands. Yar. augustior, Jeffreys, is said to be narrower and smaller. B. OBLTQUA, Sars. PL 28, fig. 50. Shell turriculated, with shouldered whorls, the shoulder acute and tuberculated by the terminations of thirteen to sixteen nar- row oblique ribs, having much wider interspaces which are covered b}r revolving striae ; aperture rather short, broadly truncate below. Length, 10 mill. Norway. B. TURRICULA, Montagu. PL 30, fig. 93 ; PL 27, fig. 22 ; PL 28, figs. 41, 44, 45 ; PL 29, fig. 57 ; PL 33, fig. 60. Shell narro'v, turriculated, the shoulder acute, with the ribs strongly projecting above it and then running across to the sutures; ribs about sixteen, nearly straight, prominent, crossed by very close, rather fine revolving striae ; aperture rather nar- row; canal narrow and produced. Length, 17 mill. Europe, Nova Zembla, Greenland. B. scalaris, Moller, B. scalaroides, Sars (PL 28, fig. 59), B. Woodiana, Moller?, B. harpularia, var. rosea, Sars (PL 28, fig. 37), are synonyms of the typical form. B. Dowsoni and robusta of S. Y. Wood are here referred by Dr. Jeffreys ; and among the older names may be cited B. alba, Pennant, B. angularis, Donov., and B. discrepans, Brown. B. nobilis, Moller (PL 28, fig. 41), and its synonym B. angulata, Morch, designate a variety with more strongly marked shoulder on the whorls. B. exarata, Moller, and B. harpularia, Sars, not Couth. (PL 28, fig. 45), B. rugulata, Sars (PL 33, fig. 60), B. assiwilis, Sars (PL 28, fig. 44), and perhaps B. mitrula^Ltoven (PL 29, fig. 57), are synonyms. B. HARPULARIA, Couthouy. PL 29, fig. 51. Shell slightly round-shouldered, with 17-20 low oblique ribs and fine revolving striae ; pale reddish brown or rosy, when fresh, frequently yellowish or white. Length, 13-17 mill. Long Island Sound to Nova Scotia. This species is often confounded with the preceding one, but differs in its obtusely rounded shoulder, lower and more numerous 220 BELA. ribs, usually lower spire, finer spiral sculpture, etc. Towards its northern limit it becomes rather rare, according to Prof. Yerrill. Sars' figure of B. harpularia appears to represent a variety of B. turricula. B. AMERICANA, Packard. PI. 33, fig. 64; PI. 29, fig. 68. Shell thin, inflated, body-whorl rather wide, spire short; shoulder strongly defined, with the ribs crossing it ; ribs 13 to 15, rather high and narrow, somewhat oblique, with wider inter- spaces ; revolving sculpture very distinct on the interspaces, less distinct on the ribs ; whitish or yellowish white. Length, 18-20 mill. Cape Cod to Greenland. ? Norway. The shell figured by Sars as B. nobilis, Moller, juv. (fig. 42) appears to = this species, but fig. 19 in the Moll. Norv. better represents B. turricula. The shell very usually occurs under the latter name in American collections, but appears to differ sufficiently in its shorter, wider form, thinness, etc. B. turricula is essentially European in distribution ; B. Americana, on the contrary, American. Yar. GOULDII, Yerrill. PL 29, fig. 68. Ribs sharper, more produced on the shoulder-angle, no spiral lines on the shoulder, those on the middle of the body-whorl fewer and more distant than in the typical form. Massachusetts to Nova Scotia. B. IMPRESSA, Beck. PL 33, fig. 69. Shell wide, with short spire, and sloping but rather well- defined shoulder ; densely costulate longitudinally, crossed by about ten spiral riblets, forming a cancellated surface ; yellowish ash-color. Length, 15 mill. Spitzbergen ; Nova Zembla. B. CONCINNULA, Yerrill. PL 29, fig. 54 ; PL 27, fig. 27. Shoulder sloping, the angle not acute ; ribs numerous, often 20 to 25, crossed by strong spiral lines, forming a nodulous surface, including the shoulder; whitish under a pale greenish epidermis. Length, 10-1T5 mill. New England to Nova Scotia. The sloping shoulder, less defined carination, tuberculated BELA. 221 surface and canal distinguish this from B. exarata (a form of B. turricula). A var. acuta is described by Prof. Yerrill as having a more slender form, with a longer and more acute spire and narrower aperture, the whorls more flattened, the nodules on the shoulder more prominent and sharper, and the carina higher; there are intermediate forms between this and the type. It is the B. mitrula of Verrill, not Loven. B. Molleri, Reeve (PI. 27, fig. 27), is a rather problematical species, which Petit refers to B. Trevelyana, and Jeffreys to B. exarata, Moll. It appears to me to agree better with this species ; it is a young shell, the figures being about twice its natural size, and its identification with B. concinnula is not sufficiently certain to authorize a change of name. B. TREVELYANA, Turton. PL 33, fig. 65 ; PL 27, fig. 29. Shell somewhat thin, ovately fusiform, subventricose ; whorls six, slightly planate above the carina ; aperture nearly equally contracted above and below; outer lip a little insinuate below the shoulder ; surface lightly decussated by inconspicuous longi- tudinal plications, evanescent below the middle of the body-whorl, and close, fine revolving striae ; whitish. Length, 8-13 mill. Europe, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla, Boreal America. A smaller, more fragile and more delicately sculptured species than B. turricula, with shorter spire, and more oval form. The synonymy includes B. decussata, Macgill. (PL 27, fig. 29) and B. reticulata, Brown. The latter name has priority, but may be regarded as obsolete. A variety Smithii, described by Jeffreys, is doubtfully referred by Yerrill to B. incisula, Verrill (= decussata, Couth, var.). B. CONOIDEA, Sars. PI. 29, fig. 61. Shell narrow, with long spire ; whorls seven, convex, without carina; plications slight, somewhat sigmoid, almost obsolete on the body-whorl: everywhere covered with moderately strong revolving striae ; white. Length, 15 mill. Norway. B. LYCIACA, Forbes. PL 27, fig. 28. Shell rather shortly fusiform, whorls convex, narrowed at the upper part, longitudinally ribbed, with revolving elevated strise, 222 BELA. the alternate ones rather larger ; aperture lanceolately ovate ; canal rather long, straight. Length, 6 mill. Cape Artimesium, Coast of Asia Minor, 80 fins. (Forbes). This species (evidently immature) has not been obtained since. B. FIDICULA, Gould. PI. 32, fig. 17. Whorls seven, broadly shouldered ; about twenty-four longi- tudinal plications, crossed and decussated by more crowded delicate revolving lines • dirty- white. Length, *45 inch. Puget Sound. B. SUBLTJTA, Gould. PI. 33, fig. 18 ; PL 34, fig. 75. Shell thin, turreted, with elevated spire ; whorls seven or eight, slightly round-shouldered ; there are twelve obtuse ribs not quite reaching the sutures, the interstices showing evanescent, epi- dermal, revolving lines ; pale ash, stained with light yellowish brown, tip of beak and interior dark chestnut, with a narrow white fascia. Length, 10 mill. Habitat unknown. This shell is possibly Patagonian ; it has the peculiar appear- ance of the Magellanic molluscan fauna. I think that the Pata- gonian B. Cunninghami, Smith (fig. 75), will prove to be a synonym. Unfigured and undetermined species of Bela. B. PLICIFERA, Wood (Crag Mollusca.) This species has, according to Leche, been found living. The original figure and descrip- tion will apply sufficiently well to a dozen recent forms, and the identification of it must therefore be considered very doubtful. B. EOBUSTA, Packard (fossil). Labrador. B. UNDATELLA, Gould. Off Coast of Georgia, 400 fms. B. TURGIDA, Gould. Kamtschatka. B. BLAKEANA, Dall,and vars. NORMALTS and EXTENSA. Caribbean Sea,. B. FILIFERA, Dall. Caribbean Sea. B. HARVEYI, Verkriizen. Newfoundland. B. GILPINI, Verkr. Bay of Fundy. B. MULTICOSTATA, Verkr. Bay of Fundy. BEL A. 223 B. UNDATA, Yerkr. Bay of Fundy. B. BRACHYSTOMA, Pfeiffer. (Adams' Genera, i, 92). B. PULLA, Reeve. (Adams' Genera, i, 92.) B. EXCURVATA, Carpenter. Pugefs Sound. ? B. RUBESCENS, Jeffreys. Holsteiriborg. B. JESSOENSIS, E. A. Smith. Japan. ? B. MITRALIS, Adams and Angas. Port Jackson, Australia. ? B. AUSTRALIS, Adams and Angas. So. Australia. B. WILLEI, Friele. Arctic Ocean. B. OVALIS, Friele. Arctic Ocean. B. VIRTDULA, Reeve, not Moller (PI. 21, fig. 20.) Greenland. Morch considered this a synonym of Columbella Holbolii, Beck = rosacea, Gould. See Manual, v, p. 160. Section TYPHLOMANGELIA, Sars, 1818. B. NIVALIS, Loven. PI. 7, fig. 92. Shell turreted, with a long spire; white; whorls ten, the periphery tuberculated longitudinally, the ribs which give rise to them very short ; covered by close revolving striae ; shoulder of the whorls slanting. Length, -85 inch. Shetland, Norway. Section H^EDROPLEURA, Monterosato, 1883. B. SEPTANGULARIS, Montagu. PI. 21, figs. 8, 9 ?; PI. 22, fig. 42. Shell subulate, smooth, without shoulder ; longitudinal plicae seven or eight, including the varicose lip, short, low, not attaining the middle of the body-whorl, but starting from the suture ; pinkish white. Length, 14 mill. Europe. Differs from the true Belas in several particulars, besides distri- bution, and has the general appearance of Mangilia ; but must be separated from that genus (in our very artificial classification), on account of having an operculum. The synonymy includes B. costata, Donov., B. secalina, Phil. (PI. 22, fig. 42), a small form, and B. Petitii, Maravigna, which = the latter. B. Ginnan- iana, Reeve, not Risso (PI. 21, fig. 9), is here referred by Forbes and Hanley — a very doubtful identification. 224 BELOMITRA, LACHESIS. B. RUFA, Montagu. PI. 32, fig. 35. Whorls seven, rather convex, very slightly shouldered ; ribs 14 or 15, narrower than the interstices ; surface covered with fine close revolving striae ; chocolate-brown, the ribs lighter colored. Length, 13 mill. Europe. The synonymy is enormous, including B. Kieneri, Marav., B. chordula, Turton (juv.), B. nigra, Potiez et Mich., B. fusca, B. discors, B. castanea and B. discrepant of Brown, and perhaps also B. alba and B. minima of the same author. Jeffreys distinguishes the following varieties : — Var. LACTEA. Shell white. Yar. SEMICOSTATA. Lower whorls ribless ; shell often larger. Yar. UHLIDEANA, Thompson. Shell orange-brown or fawn-color, with stronger sculpture. Yar. CRANCHII, Brown. Ribs twisted. Yar. ANGUSTA. Shell narrower, and slender, with sharp and oblique ribs. Subgenus BELOMITRA, Fischer, 1882. B. PARADOXA. Fischer. Shell elongatety fusiform, whitish, whorls eight, the embryonal obtuse, mammillate, the others slightly convex, angulately cari- nated in the middle, with about twelve subarcuate longitudinal ribs, which become evanescent below the middle of the body- whorl, and revolving strine ; aperture oblong, narrow ; lip obso- letely sinuous behind, smooth within ; columella nearly vertical with six or seven oblique narrow plications ; canal short. L. 28, diam. 9 ; L. apert. 14 mill. Atlantic, 627 metres. Locality not given. Unfigured. Genus LACHESIS, Risso, 1826. L. MINIMA, Montagu. PI. 32, figs. 21, 24 ; PI. 27, fig. 4. Shell solid, opaque, rather glossy ; ribs nine or ten, crossed by fifteen to twenty broad, flattened spiral ridges on the body-whorl, four on the spire whorls ; apex globular, twisted on one side ; whorls five to six, rather convex ; outer lip varicose without, LACHESIS. 225 toothed within, without sinus; color usually reddish brown, sometimes spotted ; operculum yellowish. Length, 5-8 mill. British Channel to Southern Europe, W. Africa. The spire is sometimes truncated in live specimens. On the Southern Coast of England and the Channel Islands the species is common but local, in the laminarian zone, upon rocky and stony ground. The animal swims with the foot upwards. There is a large synonymy : Fusus turritellatus, Desh., Fusus subnigrus, Brown, L. mamillata, Risso (fig. 14), PI. Chauveti, and PI. perlatum, Requien, Murex Folineae, Chiaje, granulata, Risso, PL multiplicata (Forbes), Reeve (PL 27, fig. 4), BUG. Lefebrui, Marav. There are a number of color varieties distin- guished by Jeffreys, Monterosato and Tiberi. L. VULPECULA, Monterosato. PI. 33, fig. 67. Whorls very convex, with deeply impressed sutures, spire longer, canal more pronounced, longer than in L. minima, some- what recurved, aperture not toothed ; sculpture strong but narrow, forming a clathrate surface. Length, 5*3 mill. Mediterranean. It is L. recondita, Brugnone. L. CANDIDISSIMA, Phil. PI. 32, fig. 23, 22. Shell of seven whorls, strongly granulated by decussating sculpture ; outer lip toothed within ; usually white, sometimes yellowish, or with the granulations darker. Length, 10 mill. Mediterranean; W. Africa. The colored variety referred to above is L. lineolata, Tiberi (fig. 22) = L. Massena, Chiaje, not Risso. L. FOLINE^E, Phil. PL 32, fig. 25. Shell ovate-fusiform, of six rather flattened whorls, with shallow longitudinal and revolving grooves, cutting the surface into squares ; lip with two remote tubercles ; canal suboblique, very short, dilated at the base ; surface fuscous, the sulci fulvous or white. Length, 7*5 mill. Mediterranean (very rare). This is L. areolata, Tiberi, and Fusus granulat us, Calcara. L. PELLIS-PHOC^E, Reeve. PL 27, fig. 3. Shell with close, fine, longitudinal and revolving lines, lip 226 LACHESIS. dentate within ; chocolate, with usually a narrow lighter or white line at the suture. Length, 10 mill. St. Thomas, W. I. (Swift.) L. JAPONICA, A. Adams. PI. 34, fig. 78. Shell with about 20 arcuate longitudinal ribs crossed by rather finer striae ; lip somewhat thickened externally, thin and crenu- late at the margin, very faintly sinuated near the suture, with about ten short fine Urge near the edge internally ; yell< «wish white with chestnut stains, or entirely chestnut. Length, 12 mill. Japan. L. TURQUETI, Velain. PI. 30, fig. 95. Longitudinal ribs, rounded, rather coarse, crossed by revolving grooves ; aperture narrow, canal very short and open, lip slightly thickened, not crenulated within ; yellowish brown. Length, 4 mill. Isle of St. Paul. Indian Ocean. Velain calls attention to the resemblance of this shell to the genus Etallonia, formed by Deshayes for eocene species of the Paris basin. Deshayes considered Etallonia between Bulla and Ringicula, but Mr. Yelain thinks it should rather be referred to the Pleurotomidae. L. MERIDIONALIS, E. A. Smith. PL 32, fig. 26. Whitish, of six convex whorls, turreted ; with coarse longitu- dinal ribs, and revolving grooves, the former obsolete on the lower half of the body-whorl ; on the periphery, two stronger grooves cut the ribs into a single series of tubercles ; two apical whorls large and smooth. Length, 4'3 mill. Strait of Magellan. Un figured Species. L. GRANULATISSIMA, Morch. W. Coast Central America. L. CRATICULATA, Morch. Same Habitat. L. PERLATA, Morch. Same Habitat. L. SULCATA, Hutton. New Zealand. L. CANDIDISSIMA, C. B. Ad., West Indies, is referred here by H. and A. Adams, but is a Mangilia, probably. BORSONIA. 227 Genus BORSONIA, Bellardi, 1846. In the fossil Borsonia prima, the shell is fusiform, the lip not varicose, the columella with a single plait, high up ; but in some fossil species there are indifferently one or two plaits, so that Cordiera (= Scobinella) is generally considered synonymous. The following recent species, referred to Borsonia, are now placed here with some hesitation ; the plications being usually more numerous, and the shells otherwise resembling that section of Mangilia for which the name Glyphostoma has been proposed. Unfortunately, the operculum of none of the species has been noticed ; and I really doubt its existence in any of them. My conviction is that these forms will all be found to be Glypho- stomse, and that the diagnosis of that group will need to be' enlarged to include species having several as well as many columellar plications. B. CRASSI COST ATA, Pease. PL 34, fig. 94. Shell fusiform, shining, longitudinally coarsely ribbed, crossed by revolving raised striae ; whorls rounded, with well-impressed sutures ; aperture narrow ; outer lip denticulated within ; canal short, slightly recurved, light yellow or pink. Length, 7 mill. Sandwich Islands, Paumotus. B. BIFASCIATA, Pease. Shell fusiform, shining, longitudinally coarsely ribbed ; crossed by coarse raised stride ; whorls rounded at the sutures ; outer lip thick, incurved, serrated on the edges at the termination of the transverse striae ; canal short and slightly recurved ; color white ; two light brown bands on each whorl. Sandwich Islands. Not figured, and I have no specimens ; the description may be compared with B. nigrocincta, Montr. B. LUTEA, Pease. Shell fusiform, solid, shining; whorls convex, angulated at the sutures, longitudinally regularly and closely ribbed, crossed by regular transverse ridges ; aperture narrow ; outer lip thick, denticulated within ; canal produced and recurved ; light yellowish brown. Sandwich Islands. Unfigured. 228 CLAVATULA. B. NEBULOSA, Pease. Shell fusiformly oblong, finely ribbed longitudinally, striated transversely, forming regular granules ; sutures slightly angu- lated and smooth ; aperture oval ; outer lip slightly incurved and serrated on its edge, striated internally ; canal slightly pro- duced and incurved ; white, marked with irregular, interrupted, longitudinal brown lines. Sandivich Islands. Unfigured. B. GILIBERTI, Souverbie. PI. 25, fig. 58. Shell pink, with a central chestnut band ; lip with 7-8 interior plications ; columella with 3-4 ascending plications. Length, 10 ? mill. Lifou Island, N. Caledonia. Described from a single specimen. B. NIGROCINCTA, Montrouzier. PI. 19, fig. 62. Yellowish white, with two narrow dark chestnut lines on the body-whorl, the upper one of which appears on the spire ; lip with about 5-6 plications within, columella with several (3-4) ascending plications, continuations of the revolving sculpture of the outer surface. Length, 8-9 mill. New Caledonia (Montr.), Andaman Is. (Nevill). Unfigured Species. B. CORRUGATA, Pease, MS. Carpenter referred this, as a syn- onym, to B. nebulosa, Pease ; but Pease says that this is an erroneous determination, that B. corrugata is a unique shell in his collection. It has not been published. B. PUSILLA, Dunker. Upolu. B. CEROPLASTA, Watson. St. Thomas, W. Ind. B. SILICEA, Watson. Off Pernambuco. II. Clavatulinse. Genus CLAVATULA, Lamarck, 1801. C. LELIEURI, Recluz. PI. 8, fig. 20. Shell turreted ; whorls smooth and concave above, with revolving raised lines below the bicarinated periphery ; yellowish brown, the upper portion of the whorls with large brown CLAVATULA. 229 maculations and a revolving series of small brown spots just above the lower carina. Length, 33 mill. Senegal^ Very doubtfully distinct from the following species. C. MURICATA, Lam. PI. 8, figs. 22, 21, 15-19, 27; PL 30, figs. 77,83. Upper portion of whorls smooth and concave, with a sutural band of tubercles, sometimes becoming spinose ; the periphery angulated, and tuberculate, as well as the body-whorl below it, caused by rude curved longitudinal ribs crossed by revolving sculpture ; light yellowish brown, sometimes fasciated ; aperture occasionally light violaceous, but mostly white. Length, 40 mill. W. Coast of Africa, South Africa. Varies much in form and in the degree of development of the tubercles and spines ; the younger and less robust specimens also have a somewhat longer canal. I include here several specific names heretofore regarded as distinct forms : C. virginea (Chemn.), Reeve (fig. 21), is a spineless form, the name of which would have priority, if it were binomial ; it is, however, "Murex Turris virgineus," which is not admissable. The name which I have adopted for the whole series of forms is that one which is in most common use, and represents the usual state of the species. Other synon3rms are Murex mitratus, Wood, Murex Turris coronatus, Chemn., Murex clavatulus, Dillw., P. cornea, Enc}Tc. Meth., C. bimarginata, Lam. (fig. 15), C. diadema, Kiener (fig. 18), a younger and thinner shell, perhaps inhabiting more quiet localities than the heavier specimens ; G. gravis, Hinds (fig. 16), C. sacerdos, Reeve (PL 18, fig. 19; PI. 30, fig. 77), C. mystica, Reeve (fig. 27), a very similar form to the last. Yar. RUBRIFASCIATA, Reeve. PL 8, fig. 17 ; PL 30, fig. 83. Shell yellowish brown, banded with bright red and ash-color. Appears to be connected with the typical species through C. ferruginea, Maltzan (PL 30, fig. 83), described as an entirely ferruginous-colored variety of G. rubrifasciata. C. IMPERIALIS, Lam. PL 8, fig. 13. Shell ovate, short, ventricose, clothed with a thick, dark olive- colored epidermis; whorls angulated above, the angle having a 230 CLAVATULA. row of scale-like tubercles ; columella covered with a thick white callus ; interior of aperture stained above and below with violet. Length, 55 mill. Cabenda, W. Coast of Africa ; 5 fms., in soft mud, washed down b}^ the waters of the Congo. A rare species, from its appearance probably an inhabitant of brackish water. C. IMPLICATA, Reeve. PL 8, fig. 23. Shell pyramidally turreted, whorls depressed around the upper part, with revolving rows of nodules below, upper row on the periphery -angle, and duplicate ; covered with a thick olivaceous epidermis, aperture whitish. Length, 1 inch. Habitat unknown. Described from a single specimen. Its characteristics appear to be the long spire, and double row of tubercles on the shoulder- angle. C. COLINI, Maltzan. PL 30, fig. 84. Rosaceous, with a superior, and an inferior brown band. Length, 1 inch. W. Africa. A narrower form, with longer spire than any other species except (7. implicata, from which it may be distinguished bty its carina and more pronounced canal, as well as b}^ color. I doubt whether it is really distinct from C. muricata. C. OERULEA, Weinkauff. PL 5, figs. 59, 60. Shell narrowly turreted, strongly keeled, the keel tuberculated, with revolving, sometimes granulous striae below it, the granules more apparent at the base ; bluish, the tubercles white, with the interstices purplish. Length, 20 mill. W. Africa (Maltzan). According to Maltzan the shell is white, with two corneous- bluish bands. The appearance of the figure, especially of the canal, indicates a young shell. C. PATRUELIS, E. A. Smith. PL 32, fig. 39. Reddish brown, with a white narrow band on the periphery, and, on the body-whorl, a second inferior band ; whorls twelve and a-half, with obsolete flexuous longitudinal plications, crossed W^JV£tf£ PERRONA; by revolving lines ; nodulous at the periphery, and less distin< so infer iorly. Length, 27 mill. Japan. I include this species in Clavatula on account of the opercu- lum, which has a subcentral nucleus, rather near the inner margin. C. TEXTILIS, Hinds. Straits of Macassar. Shortly diagnosed in Zool. Proc., 1843, but not included with the other species in the Moll, of Yoy. Sulphur, nor figured in Reeve's Iconica. The species must, therefore, have been either mislaid or discovered to have no claim to recognition. Clava- tula, according to Hinds, contained numerous species now excluded from that group. Subgenus PERRONA, Schum., 1817. Dr. Fischer has separated Tomella, Swainson, as a subgenus, characterized by spire not carinated, sinus wide near the middle of the outer lip; type, C.lineata. The position of the sinus in that species depends upon the extent of the callosity upon the upper part of the inner lip, and the spire is so variable, some specimens of undoubted lineata being subcarinate, that I do not think the distinction can be maintained. C. LINEATA, Lam. PI. 8, figs. 10, 11. Shell smooth, body-whorl more or less constricted above, the spire sometimes very short, and sometimes long ; whitish or yellowish brown, thickly flexuously longitudinally lineated with chestnut or chocolate. Length, 1-1'5 inches. W. Africa ; Cape of Good Hope. C. TAXUS, Chemn. PI. 8, fig. 14; PI. 32, fig. 15. Shell yellowish brown, nexuously lineated with chestnut, under a thick olivaceous brown epidermis ; whorls constricted above, slightly nodulously longitudinally plicate below, and flexuously longitudinally striate ; aperture brownish. Length, 2'75-4 inches. Cape of Good Hope. C. OBESA, Reeve. PI. 8, figs. 9, 4. Whorls corded below the suture, with a constriction below the 16 232 PERRONA. cord ; yellowish white, flexuously lineated with chestnut, the corded portion white. Length, 40 mill. W. Africa. Possibly only a heavy shelled variety of C. lineata. I think that C. tripartita (Smith), Weinkauff (fig. 4), is synonymous, as I have specimens intermediate between the two forms. C. SPIRATA, Lam. PL 8, fig. 5. Whorls constricted around the upper part, with a rather sharp ridge next the suture, and an obtuse angle below the constric- tion; yellowish, mottled and striped with chestnut. Length, 1-1-5 inches. W. Africa. C. PERRON, Chemnitz. 1*1. 8, fig. 8. Shell fusiform, turreted, rather smooth^ pale yellow; whorls flat, with flexuous longitudinal lines, slightly angulated round the upper part, lower portion of the last whorl contracted and with several regular, distant revolving ridges ; sinus nearly cen- tral. Length, 27 mill. W. Africa (Mar rat). Is an intermediate form between C. lineata and C. spirata — which should probably be merged in one species. Chemnitz adopted a Dutch name " the perron," for this species, and Reeve erroneously supposing it to be in honor of a naturalist, changed its form to (7. Perronii. C. MONILE, Yal. PL 7, fig. 96. Chestnut-brown, with a subsutural band maculated with darker chestnut spots ; surface finely decussated with longitu- dinal and spiral striae* Length, 1 inch. Australia. Pleur. monile being preoccupied by Brocchi for a fossil species, Desmoulins changed the name to Quoyi ; but the species figured under the latter name by Reeve and Weinkauff appears to me to be very distinct In the present group the specific name monile is not preoccupied ; I therefore restore it. C. GRACILIOR, Sowb. (Unfigured.) Habitat unknown. C. TUMIDA, Sowb. (Unfigured.) Agulhas Bank, So. Africa. CLIONELLA. 233 Subgenus CLIONELLA, Gray, 1847. C. STRIATA, Kiener. PI. 9, fig. 53. Shell olive-yellow, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, with fine revolving striae, lip simple, sinus broad. Length, 1'5 inches. Habitat unknown. Schrenck includes this species in his Moll, of Amurl.,but very probably, as Weinkauff has pointed out, Crassispira Clionellde- formis was mistaken for it. C. ROSARIA, Reeve. PI. 9, fig. 51. Shell shortly subulate, truncated at the base, whorls plaited, smooth, aperture short; bright scarlet-rose, uppermost part of the whorls white-zoned. Length, 22 mill. So. Africa. C. SIGILLATA, Reeve. PI. 9, figs. 47, 48. Shell pyramidally ovate, transversely somewhat obscurely striated ; whorls channeled around the upper part, faintly nodosely, obliquely plicated beneath the channel ; pale reddish chestnut, aperture and columella yellowish white. Length, 32 mill. So. Africa. C. SEMICOSTATA, Kiener. PI. 9, fig. 46. Whorls with shallow channel above, periphery nodulous by the terminations of short, oblique, rather distant ribs ; sinus broad ; light yellowish brown. Length, 1-75 inches. So. Africa. C. SINUATA, Born. PI. 9, fig. 50. Whorls with a narrow channel above, the periphery with a row of small nodules, terminating short, low, flexuous plicate ribs ; pale rusty brown, under a blackish brown epidermis. Length, 2 inches. So. Africa. Equally well known under its later name of C. Buccinoides, Lam. C. NUX, Reeve. PI. 9, fig. 49. Shell ovate, whorls convex, slightly concave at the upper part, last whorl rather gibbous ; canal very short, truncated ; sinus rather broad ; reddish chestnut, columella and interior white. Length, -75 inch. So. Africa. 234 PUSIONELLA. C. RUBINICOLOR, Reeve. PL 9, fig. 55. Whorls with a nodulous periphery, and shallow shoulder above it ; last whorl with slight revolving striae towards the base ; orange-red, nodules whitish. Length, -75 inch. Hab. unknown . Perhaps does not belong to this group. C. BORNII, E. A. Smith. (Unfigured.) Cape of Good Hope. 0. BIPARTITA, E. A. Smith. (Unfigured). Port Elizabeth, So. Africa. C. SUBVENTRICOSA, E. A. Smith. (Untigured.) So. Africa. C. PLATYSTOMA, E. A. Smith. (Unfigured.) Cape of Good Hope. C. KRAUSSII, E. A. Smith. (Unfigured.) Cape of Good Hope. C. QUADRUPLEX, Watson. (Unfigured.) 1000 fms. W. of Azores. Genus PUSIONELLA, Gray, 1847. P. VALIDA, Bunker. PI. 31, figs. 9, 10. Shell smooth, ponderous, whorls 11-12, flatly rounded, with two or three striae around the upper portion, and several at the base of the body-whorl ; light yellowish brown. Length, 3 inches. Pacific Ocean ? (Dunker). This is probably a West African shell as are all the other species of the genus, except P. rapulum. I suspect that the young shell which Philippi calls Fusus candidus (fig. 10), may belong here ; it is W. African. P. ACULEIFORMIS, Lam. PL 31 > figs. 2, 3. Shell elongated, spire^whorls more or less plicately ribbed, sometimes only the upper ones ; body-whorl smooth except at the base, where there are revolving grooves ; very light grayish yellow, or yellowish brown, or chestnut. Length, 1*75 inches. W. Africa. P. Catelini, Petit (fig. 3), is a shouldered variety; many of the specimens exhibit some shoulder on the whorls. P. VULPINA, Born. PL 31, figs. 4-6. Shell stouter than the preceding species, no longitudinal ribs, upper part of the whorls with two or three engraved revolving PUSIONELLA. 235 lines, and several more at the base of the body-whorl ; otherwise smooth and polished, or with microscopic revolving sTrue ; chocolate-color, sometimes yellowish or orange-brown. Length, 1*6 inches. W. Africa. This species is equally well known as P. buccinata, Lam. P. albocincta, Petit (fig. 6), is a variety with a median white band ; P. Recluziana, Petit (fig. 5), is a light-colored variety ; P. grandis, A. Ad., an unfigured species, is evidently synonymous with the latter. P. MILLETI, Petit. PL 31, figs. 7, 8. Shell whitish, or yellowish flesh-color, or brown, more or less decussated by longitudinal and revolving engraved lines, some- times forming granulations — especially on the spire ; the revolv- ing lines prominent on the body-whorl, where the longitudinal ones are usually subobsolete. Length, 1-5-2 inches. W. Africa. P. subgranulata, Petit (fig. 8), is a synonym, as are also prob- ably the unfigured P. lirata, A. Ad,, and P. lupinus, Phil. P. RAPULUM, Reeve. PI. 31, figs. 11, 12. Shell oblong ovate, the whorls compressedly gibbous, forming a round shoulder, constricted and with revolving striae towards the base ; otherwise smooth, except that the upper whorls of the spire are slightly longitudinally plicate; whitish, under a very thin, smooth, yellowish brown epidermis, often yellowish brown within the aperture ; a heavy, white callous deposit at the upper extremity of the inner margin of the aperture. Length, 1'5 inches. Malacca (Cuming) ; Java (Petit). P. Wallaysi, Petit (fig. 12), is a synonym. P. NIFAT (Adanson) Bruguiere. PL 31, figs. 13, 14. Whorls usually narrowly shouldered above, whitish under a light olivaceous, thin epidermis, with several revolving series of square chestnut spots ; base constricted, with a few engraved striae. Length, 1-5-2-25 inches. W. Africa ; Algiers. Weinkauff dredged living specimens off the Algerian coast. This is the Buccinum pusio of Born and Gmelin, but not of 236 SURCULA. Linnaeus ; the usual shouldered form is also the P. scalarina, Lam. P. BECURVIROSTRIS, Marrat (unfigured). W. Africa. No dimensions are given. ? = P. aculeiformis. Genus SURCULA, H. and A. Adams, 1853. With long canal. S. MACULOSA, Sowerby. PL 5, fig. 57. Smooth, or with light revolving striae, the shoulder of the whorls angulated and defined by a row of tubercles ; flesh- colored, light brown, or light purplish, with chestnut macula- tions. L. 42, cliam. 13 mill. West Columbia to Gulf of California. S. BRUNNEOMACULATA, Sowb. PL 10, fig. 71. Shell stout, with a more turreted spire and more angulate periphery and stronger nodules than ' S. maculosa, the whorls also more distinctly spirally striate ; color j^ellowish brown with chestnut maculations and interrupted bands. ? California (Frick). Notwithstanding the differences above pointed out, the species is evidently so closety allied to S. maculosa, that I have hesitated to keep it separate. I scarcely think that Weinkauffs figure represents the species. S. AUSTRALIS, Roissy. PL 5, fig. 58 ; PL 2, fig. 9. Shell yellowish white, encircled. by corded orange-brown ribs, with several intermediate striae ; outer lip broadly rounded above into the rather shallow sinus. L. 100, diam. 28 mill. China Sea, Philippines. S. turris, Yal. (fig. 9), is a synonym. S. ARCUATA, Reeve. PL 5, fig. 61. Shell arcuately fusiform, thin, inflated, rather transparent; whorls lined and sharply keeled round the middle, keel painted with regular brown spots; lip rounded, separated from the last whorl by a broad sinus; canal slender, curved, equaling the length of the spire. L. 43, diam. 13 mill. Coast of Veragua, Central America (Hinds). SUROULA. 237 S. TORNATA, Dillwyn. PL 5, fig. 62 ; PL 6, fig. 81. Shell smooth, ivory-like, lower portion of body-whorl with revolving striae, upper portion of the whorls broadly, concavely channeled, sinus broad and shallow ; whitish or 3'ellowish, flexuously strigated with light brown. L. 80, diam. 26 mill. East Indies, Java. Generally known as P. Javana, Linn., but that author's description is of a ribbed shell — which this is not. Yar. FULMINATA, Kiener. PL 6, fig. 81. Shell smaller, proportionally wider, the revolving striae upon the lower part of the bodyrwhorl stronger ; the color variegated by strong flexuous longitudinal strigations or maculations. L. 48, diam. 17 mill. Java. Barely distinguishable as a variety. S. JAVANA, Linn. PL 5, figs. 63-65. Whorls angular and tuberculated in the middle, the tubercles developing from more or less indistinct oblique folds or ribs, everywhere closely encircled by striae ; light yellowish brown, the tubercles lighter. L. 56, diam. 23 mill. Java, Malacca, Japan. This is perhaps better known as S. nodi/era, Lam., the S. Javana of authors (not Linn.) being the preceding species — S. tornata, Dillwyn. S. Coreanica, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 64), is a specimen not fully grown, and S. lurida, Ad. and Reeve (fig. 65), is a small, darker hued, banded variety. S. TUBERCULATA, Gray. PL 5, figs. 66, 67. Whorls angulated, the angle defined by a row of tubercula- tions, below them are several rows of granular revolving striae, and towards the base the striae are continued but not granular ; yellowish, punctate with chestnut. L. 25, diam. 9 mill. Hong- Kong, Japan, Java, Australia. With this species must be united S. punctata, Reeve (fig. 66). S. OLIVACEA, Sowb. PL 5, figs. 69,70; PL 10, fig. 77; PL 34, fig. 3. Shell with 8-10 coarse, rounded longitudinal ribs, forming a knobbed angle on each whorl, where they terminate, encircled 238 SURCULA. by coarse riblets and striae; interior of outer lip generally showing revolving striae ; yellowish brown, chestnut or chocolate, under a light olivaceous or brownish epidermis, the projecting portions of lighter color. Jj. 62, diam. 26 mill. Panama to Gulf of California. P. funiculata, Val. (fig. 70), and P. duplicata, Sowb. (fig. 77), are synonyms. The species is a very common one in the Gulf of California and at Mazatlan. Fig. 69, which represents the typical olivacea, at first sight would be supposed to be distinct from funiculata (fig. 70), and to approach the next species. The shoulder is very narrow, so that the angle is not prominent. I figure an intermediate form from Weinkauff (PL 34, fig. 3), which he calls S. olivacea. S. TUBERCULIFERA, Brod. and Sowb. PI. 5, fig, 68 ; PI. 10, fig. 60. Whorls well rounded with strong rounded ribs, nodules forming a single row on each whorl, with strong revolving striae ; yellowish brown, darker banded above arid below the nodules, with some additional brown revolving lines below the lowest band. L. 63, diam. 22 mill. Gulf of California. Described from a specimen not fully grown (PI. 5, fig. 68). Through the kindness of Mr. R. E. C. Stearns I am enabled to give a figure of an adult of this fine species (PI. 10, fig. 60). I have a specimen before me uniform yellowish brown, without bands. S. UNDATIRUGA, Bivona. PI. 5, figs. 71, 72; PL 6, figs. 73, 74. Whorls angulated in the middle and nodulous on the angle, above it the surface is smooth, below the nodules are continued as flexuose wrinkles or ribs, becoming evanescent towards the base of the aperture ; yellowish brown, with usually one or two darker bands. L. 50, diam. 16 mill. Sicily, Algiers, Spain, Teneriffe, W. Coast of Africa. This is the S. balteala, Beck, of Kiener (fig. 72), S. corrugata, Kiener (fig. 74), and S. tenuis, Gray (fig. 73). Monterosato considers corrugata a synonymn, but he separates balteata and tenuis as a variety under the name of similis, Bivona. SURCULA. 239 S. KADERLYI, Lischke. PI. 6, fig. 75. Whorls subangulated with about twelve oblique, rounded, longitudinal ribs below 'the angle, surface decussated by growth- lines and small revolving striae ; 3*ellowish white, with orange- brown bands on the shoulder, at the base and intermediately — three in all, the upper one appearing on the spire. L. 67, diam. 24 mill, Japan. S. PAUPERA, Watson, Fusiform, decussated by spiral striae and growth-lines, whorls angulated by a revolving row of tubercles, giving rise to short longitudinal ribs, about thirteen in number on the body-whorl ; spire high, conical, whorls 10-11 ; color buff-brown, under a coarse, harsh yellowish epidermis. L. 1*75, diam. -68 in. Aru 7s/., 800 fathoms, mud. Dredged by the "Challenger" Expedition, and not yet figured. It is described as a Drillia. S. CLARA, von Martens. PI. 6, figs. 77, 77 a, Whorls seven, spirally closely striate, decussated by growth- lines, with a strong spiral carina ; sinus short and wide, extending from the carina to the suture ; diaphanous white. L. 36, diam. 13 mill. Patagonia. S. CARPENTERIANA, Gabb. PI. 7, fig. 3. Shell fusiform, the whorls somewhat flattened, without angle, carina or ribs, surface with close revolving lirse, sometimes alternating in size ; sinus a mere sigmoid curve of the outer lip; aperture scarcely narrowed into a canal below. Brownish orange, with broken revolving bands of a light reddish brown ; these bands usually occur on the larger liree, and are most closely placed on the middle of the shell. L. 73, diam. 26 mill. California. It is a post-pliocene fossil, of which some specimens, retaining the color (and therefore supposed to be recent) have been ob- tained on the shore and by dredging. S. PERVERSA, Gabb. PL 6, fig. 79. Sinistral, elongate, slender, of 11-12 convex whorls, with very flexuose growth-striae, and fine spiral lines ; aperture scarcely 240 SURCULA. canaliculate, the outer lip sigmoid ; light reddish brown, under an olivaceous epidermis, with a central broad white band, having ill- defined edges ; columella and extremities of the shell also white. L. 38, diam. 11 mill. Catalina Isl., Gal.; Straits of Fuca. S. VINOSA, Dall. Sinistral, shorter and much less slender than the preceding species, with a shorter canal and proportionally much larger aperture, finely spirally striate ; uniform deep wine-brown or claret-color. Aleutian Islands. S. STNISTRALIS, Petit. PI. 13. fig. 64. Sinistral; ash-brown ; lightly decussately striated ; sinus broad ; canal short. Length, 20 mill. W. Coast of Africa (Petit). S. PLUTEATA, Reeve. PL 6, fig. 18 ; PL 30, fig. 82. Shell narrowly fusiform, with elevated, acuminated spire and long, narrow, twisted canal ; whorls with a shelf below the sutures, and a central revolving carina of small nodules ; horn- color, the nodules white ; sinus rather shallow and wide. L. 30, diam. 7 mill. Whydah, W. Africa. Described by Reeve without locality, but I have the same species before me, received from the Liverpool Museum, with the above habitat, with the MS. name P. mandarina, Smith. S. ANNULATA, Reeve. PL 6, fig. 83. Shell solid, with elongated spire and well-formed but rather short canal ; whorls cingulated throughout. L. 48, diam. 15 mill. Habitat ? S. CATENA, Reeve. PL 6, fig. 84. Shell narrow, elongately fusiform, spire turreted, yellowish gray ; whorls very convex in the middle as if suddenly swollen, and bearing a row of oblique, white tubercles; lip thin, sinus broad ; canal long and straight. L. 58, diam. 15 mill. Habitat unknown. With short canal. S. ASTRICTA, Reeve. PL 6, figs, 85, 86 a ; PL 32, fig. 36. Spire often truncate, the tip acuminate when present, whorls SURCULA. 241 spirally ridged ; yellowish white, the superior ridge on each whorl articulated with chestnut and white. L. 16, diam. G nrilh Isl. Annaa (Cuming) ; Cook's Islands (Garrett). This is the S. interrupta of Sowerby, ncH Lamarck; S. modesta of Weink., not Sowb. (fig. 86 a). S. CINCTA, Lamarck. PI. 6, fig. 86. Spire convex in outline, slightly acuminated towards the tip ; whorls encircled throughout with tumid ridges ; yellowish brown or reddish brown, aperture same color. L. 14, diam. 5'5 mill. Heal Llejos (probably erroneous), and Isl. Annaa (Cuming); Mauritius (Weinkauff); Viti Islands (Garrett). This is the S. modesta, Sowb., and the shell described and figured under that name by Weinkauff = the preceding species. S. BTJUBATA, Reeve. PL 6, fig. 8Y. Shell chocolate-brown, encircled by narrow, lighter-colored keels, the second keel, which is somewhat stronger than the others, often broken up into small tubercles ; interior of aperture chocolate-colored. L. 20, diam. 8 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Mauritius (Robillard) ; Viti Isles (Garrett); Solomon Islands (Smith). Distinguished from the preceding species by its narrower form, longer spire, sharper ridges and darker color. S. RADULA, Hinds. PI. T, figs. 89, 88, 90. Shell dark brown, encircled by ridges of which the one defining the shoulder-angle and those below it are granular or tuberculate ; the angle-row usually white ; sometimes with chestnut bands. L. 18, diam. 6 mill. Red Sea, Malacca, Australia. S. versicolor, Weink. (fig. 88), is merely a variegated speci- men, and S. raduliformis,Wemk. (fig. 90), has the sculpture not so strongly developed. I am inclined to think that P. Metcalfei, Angas, P. obeliscus, Reeve, P. pyramidata, Val., which I have treated under Drillia, will need to be united with this form when fuller series shall be available for comparison. 242 SURCULA. S. OWENII, Gray. PI. 7, fig. 91. Whorls encircled by a row of compressed tubercles at the periphery, and a smaller one beneath the suture ; below the periphery granulated by the intersection of fine revolving riblets and close curved growth costa* ; cream-brown or nearly white, often orange-tinged at the extremity of the spire. L. 30, diam. 11 mill. Australia. S. QUOYI, Reeve. PL 7, fig. 95. Shell yellowish brown, with a double row of small, compressed nodules on the periphery, above which the surface is slightly concave to a subsutural, slightly nodulous band, which is regularly square-spotted with chestnut ; lower part of body- whorl with revolving, fine ridges and striae. L. 28, diam. 12 mill. Australia. With this species Reeve and Weinkauff unite P. monile, Val. ; it appears to me more nearly related to the group Perrona. The following species of Surcula have been described by Rev. Robert Boog Watson in the " Mollusca of the Challenger Expedition." They have not been figured. P. STAMINEA, Watson. Kerguelen, Prince Edward IsL, etc. P. TRILIX, Watson. Kerguelen and Heard Isl. P. LEPTA, Watson. Southern Ocean, Southeast of Australia. (Resembles P. clara, von Martens, from Patagonia.) P. ROTUND AT A, Watson. Pacific, East of Japan. P. GONIODES, Watson. Southeast of La Plata. (Resembles in a general way P. circinata, Dall.) P. PLEBEIA, Watson. Off Pernambuco. (Something like P. nodifera, Lam.) P. SYNGENES, Watson. Off St. Thomas, West Indies. P. HEMIMERES, Watson. Pernambuco. P. ANTERIDION, Watson. Off Gape of Good Hope. P. RHYSA, Watson. Pernambuco. P. BOLBODES, Watson. Pernambuco. P. ISCHNA, Watson. Northeast from New Zealand. (Resembles P. emendata, Monterosato, of the Mediterranean.) MANGILIA. III. Mangiliinae. Genus MANGILIA, RissQ, 1826. M. VAUQUELINI, Payraudeau. PL 21, figs. 17, 18. Shell pale yellowish or almost white, with distant strong ribs ; the shoulder with brown dashes or spots, appearing on the ribs only ; there is usually, on the body-whorl a central line of spots, also on the ribs. Length, 9-12 mill. Mediterranean, throughout ; Atlantic Coast of Spain, Madeira, Canaries The synonymy includes M. rigida, Reeve (fig. 18), M. unifas- ciata, Costa (not Deshayes), and Fusus Rossmassleri, Anton. Yar. BREVIS, Requien (= nana, Monts.), is smaller and pro- portionally shorter than the type. M. PACINIANA, Calcara. PL 32, fig. 33. Shell with the whorls not shouldered, but ribbed as in the preceding species, not striate ; yellowish or whitish, with brown revolving lines. Length, 6 mill. Mediterranean Sea. This species is also known as M. Sandrii, Brusina. M. T^NIATA, Desh. PL 21, fig. 13. Shell smooth, with shouldered whorls ; whitish or yellowish brown, with narrow brown revolving lines. Length 9 mill. Mediterranean Sea. M. eburnea, Bivona, is a synonym. M. UNIFASCIATA, Deshayes. PL 34, fig. 88. Shell white, with a broad brown band above the aperture, reappearing on the spire, and another at the base of the body- whorl. Length, 7 mill. Morea, Algiers. Weinkauff (Med. Meeres-Conchyl.) states that this species has not been recognized since the publication of the original descrip- tion and figure, but he thinks it may be synonymous with Raphitoma costulata, Bfainv. ; Monterosato, however, enumerates it among his Algerian shells (Jour, de Conch. 1877, 42). 244 MANGILIA. M. BERTRANDI, Payr. PI. 21, fig. 12 ; PL 32, fig. 47. Shell chestnut- or chocolate-brown, with usually an indistinct central darker band, ribs often white; whorls rounded above, without distinct shoulder. Length, 9-14 mill. Mediterranean Sea. M. cxrulans, Phil., is a synonym. The M. casrulans figured b}' Appelius (PL 32, fig. 47), and which Monterosato has named M. indistincta, does not appear to differ materially ; it has not been described. M. COSTATA, Forbes and Hanley. PL 34, fig. 77 ; PL 32, fig. 37. Shell with 7 or 8 stout ribs ; whorls without shoulder ; spire var}Ting in length ; spire and upper half of the body-whorl chestnut- or chocolate-color, lower half of body-whorl light yellowish brown, sometimes yellowish brown with darker linea- tions. Length, 12 mill. Sweden to Mediterranean. Mr. Jeffreys says : u The Murex costatus of Pennant is a mixture of small shells belonging to different genera." I follow him in ascribing the name to Forbes and Hanley who have accurately diagnosed the species, rather than to any of those earlier authors who used it indefinitely. The P. coarctata, Forbes (fig. 37), is merely a larger form of this species, mainly northern in distribution. M. pusilla, Reeve, and M. balteata, Reeve, are both made synonyms by Forbes and Hanley ; they are described without locality, but the former has shouldered whorls and too many ribs, and the latter has been identified as Australasian by Mr. Brazier, and as West Indian by Mr. Swift. M. SICULA, Reeve. PL 21, fig. 10. Shell chestnut- or chocolate-brown within and without, with narrow brown lines, more conspicuous on the thickened lip, which is lighter colored ; whorls rounded, rather gibbous, those of the spire obtusely angulated. Length, 12 mill. Sicily, Adriatic Sea. PL plicatum, Phil., is a juvenile. M. MULTILINEOLATA, Deshayes. PL 22, fig. 53. Longitudinal ribs rather numerous, close together, curved ; MANGILIA. 245 white, with chestnut, revolving lines, rarely unicolored or unifasciate. Length, 7 mill. Mediterranean Sea. M. ALBIDA, Deshayes. PL 32, fig. 32. s Shell white, very slightly round-shouldered, with about ten longitudinal ribs, and wider interspaces. Length, 6 mill. Mediterranean Sea. Monterosato considers this a distinct species, but Weinkaulf refers it to M. rugulosa. I have not seen specimens. M. RUGULOSA, PhilippL PI. 22, fig. 44. Shell whitish to yellowish brown, the whorls round-shouldered above, the rude ribs with wider interspaces, crossed by elevated revolving lines, some of them much larger than the rest, and which are sometimes brown. Length, 6 mill. Mediterranean Sea — England. The distinctive character of this species, if it be one, is the series of revolving, minute ridges and striae. M. Stossichiana, Brusina, is a synonym, according to Weinkauff. M. COMPANYOI, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. PI. 33, fig. 62. Whorls convex, subangular above, with strong, distant ribs, surface covered by extremely fine decurrent striae, visible only with the microscope ; yellowish white, with numerous well- marked, regular, darker, revolving lines. Length, 7 mill. Roussilon, France. I have not seen this species ; apparently it possesses but slight distinctive characters. M. SUBCLATHRATA, Maltzan. PL 30, fig. 87. Turreted fusiform, sutures Well impressed ; ribs eleven, decus- sated, and rendered nodulous by many undulating spiral riblets ; lip thickened, denticulated, sinus small. Length, 6 75 mill. Isl. Goree, West Coast of Africa. M. STRUCKI, Maltzan. PL 30, fig. 88. Turreted fusiform, with produced spire and deep sutures ; reddish brown; ribs nine, straight, decussated and rendered nodulous by spiral riblets ; sinus nearly obsolete, lips thickened and dentate. Length, 5'5 mill. Isl. Goree, West Coast of Africa. 246 MANGILIA. M. GOREENSTS, Maltzan, PL 30, fig. 9L Shell with about eight smooth costse, and wider interspaces covered by revolving striae ; brownish, with the ribs white towards the aperture. Length, 8 mill. West Coast of Africa. M. STELLATA, Stearns. PI. 34, fig. 84. Shell turreted, yellowish, tinged more or less with reddish brown; whorls seven, angulated above; suture distinct; with 12 or 13 strong, smooth longitudinal ribs, extending to the extremity of the basal volution, which also shows near its termination a few revolving lines ; labrum effuse, externally much thickened, deeply notched near the suture. L. '35, lat. -14 inch. Tampa Bay, W. Florida. The lip and columella in most specimens are dark ferruginous brown. I may add to the above description that the inter- spaces . of the ribs, in one of the specimens before me, are covered with fine revolving striae, and that another has a faint central band. It has not been figured hitherto, and I therefore give an illustration from a specimen from Tampa Bay which appears to fairly represent the typical form. M. LAQUEATA, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 30. Ribs stout, few, remote ; sinus not very distinct ; dull white. Considerably magnified, but no dimensions given. West Indies (d'Orbigny). The figure shows revolving colored lines, which are not mentioned in the description. M. LUCTUOSA, d'Orb. PI. 22, fig. 47. Whorls very slightly round-shouldered, yellowish brown, with about eleven darker longitudinal ribs, the interstices with revolving striae ; aperture and lips dark brown. Length, 11 mill. Cuba, Guadeloupe. I am not acquainted with this species. Mr. E. A. Smith has supposed it to be a Drillia, and as the specific name is preoccu- pied in -that genus by Hinds, he has changed it to P. Cubensis. M. PENTAGONALIS, Gray. PI. 21, fig. 30. Shell white, smooth, longitudinally five-ribbed, ribs pointed at the shoulder. Length, f> mill. St. Vincent, West Indies. MANGILIA. 24? M. GUARANI, d'Orbigny. PI. 22, fig. 46 ; PL 18, fig. 21. Brownish, sometimes with narrow, lighter bands ; ribs promi- nent, rounded, crenulating the suture 4 there are elevated revolving lines. Length, 5 mill. West Indies (Reeve), Brazil (d'Orb.). M. obesicostata, Reeve (PI. 18, fig. 21), from the West Indies is evidently a synonym. M. DYSONI, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 21. Whitish, with two faint bands of orange-brown. Length, 9 mill. Honduras (Dyson). M. SYMMETEICA, Reeve. PL 21, fig. 40. Whorls shouldered ; longitudinally ribbed, the interspaces with very fine elevated stride ; yellowish brown, the shoulder white. Length, 5 mill. Habitat unknown (Mus. Cuming). I can add nothing to the information concerning this species. M. BALTEATA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 11. Whorls obtusely slightly angulated in the middle ; ribs few, narrow, with wide smooth interspaces ; white, with a median chestnut zone. Length, 12 mill. Habitat? (Reeve), West Indies (Swift). Krebs considers M. densestriata, C. B Ad., a doubtful synonym ; it is a white shell, without band, ribs 10 to 12, more numerous than in the figure of balteata* the interstices very finely striate transversely. I am not acquainted with the species, but the characters appear to be sufficiently distinctive. Brazier identifies an Australian shell with M. balteata. M. BADIA, Reeve. PL 21, fig. 41. Shell plicately ribbed, transversely strongly plicated; dark chestnut-brown. Length, 5 mill. Habitat? (Reeve), St. Thomas, W. I. (Krebs). According to Krebs, M. crassicostata, C. B. Ad. (an unfigured species), is a synonym. M. TRILINEATA, C. B. Adams. PL 21, fig. 31 ; PL 18, fig. 36. Shell narrowly shouldered, with small, close, numerous longi- 17 248 MANGTLIA. tudinal ribs and impressed revolving striae ; whitish, with three narrow brown bands, one of which appears on the spire-whorls. Length, 6 mill. West Indies. Described and figured by Reeve as M. trifasciata, Gray, a few months later than Adams' description. M. costata, Gray (PI. 18, fig. 36), is the same species without bands, as first determined by Krebs. The latter name being preoccupied by Pennant, Mr. E. A. Smith has recently changed it to decora. Krebs thinks that M. quadrilineata, Adams (unfigured), also belongs here. M. ALBOVITTATA, C. B. Ad. PI. 21, fig. 32. Ovately oblong, whorls with narrow shoulder ; longitudinally strongly ribbed, ribs close-set, obtuse; white, orange banded. Length, 6 mill. West Indies. Described and figured by Reeve a few months later, under the name of M. luteo-fasciata, and without locality. Adams includes revolving striae in his diagnosis ; they are not visible on the figure. Hutton erroneously identified with this species a New Zealand shell, afterwards distinguished as Drillia Sinclairi, Smith. M. HORNBECKII, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 6f. Shell ovate, spire rather short, acute, sutures deep, somewhat cavernous, longitudinally ribbed, ribs prominent, transversely very minutely striated ; white. Length, 10 mill. West Indies. The following species, apparently of Mangilia (restricted), have been described as West Indian, etc. ; they are unfigured and unknown to me. M. brevis, M. biconica, M. vicina, M. multilineata (= M. poly- zonata, H. and A. Ad.), M. muricoides, M. dubia, M.fusca, and M. candidissima, all of C. B. Adams. Jamaica. M. cinctella, Pfeiffer. Cuba. M. millestriata, E. A. Smith. St. Thomas, W. I. M. inepta, E. A. Smith. Honduras. MANGILIA. 249 M. hypsela, Watson. Off Pernambuco. M. acanthodes, Watson. Bermuda, Azores. M. corallina, M. tiara, Watson. Near St. Thomas, W. I. M. macra, Watson. Azores. M. eritmeta, Watson. Azores. M. rufocincta, E. A. Smith. Porto Cavallo, So. America. M. ligata, 0. B. Ad., H. and A. Adams, Genera. I have not found any description of this species. M. INTERLIRATA, Stearns. PI. 22, fig. 56. Shell dark reddish brown, solid ; whorls eight, with 8-10 strong longitudinal ribs, and 10-12 thread4ike, darker colored revolving ribs in the interspaces only ; outer lip simple, somewhat thickened. Length, '27 inch. Monterey and San Diego, Gal. M. HEXAGONA, Gabb. Shell small, slender, fusiform ; spire subacute, nuclear whorls two, smooth, normal whorls five, slightly subangular and orna- mented by six large acute radiating ribs with broad, concave interspaces ; besides these, the whole surface is cancellated by minute raised lines ; color brownish white, ornamented by a few reddish brown revolving bands, one much larger than the rest, in the middle of the whorl ; aperture narrow, columella very slightly twisted ; outer lip acute, sinus almost obsolete. L. -34, lat. -1 ; L. apert. "15 inch. Monterey, Gal. (2 specimens). M. BELLA, Hinds. PI. 21, fig. 35. Shell fusiform, attenuated below, slender, pale yellowish brown ; whorls rounded, longitudinally ribbed, crossed with white raised lines, banded with darker brown round the upper part ; ribs slender, furnished with small scattered granules, running into a simple suture ; lip thickened, sinus small, rather wide. Length, 16 mill. W. Goast of Central America. M. STRIOSA, C. B. Adams. PI. 34, fig. 96. Shell slender, dingy white, with a rather indistinct narrow central brown band on the body-whorl ; longitudinal ribs 10-12, 250 MANGILIA. slender, crossed by close elevated revolving lines; lip rather sharp on the edge but thickened behind it by a stout rib. Length, -3 inch. Panama. Not hitherto figured ; my illustration is from a specimen which was obtained at Panama, and appears to correspond closely with the description. M. FOEMICARTA, Sowb. PL 21, fig. 38. Shell acuminately oblong, longitudinally strongly ribbed, interstices crossed with very fine striae ; pitch-black within and without. Length, 8 mill. Iquiqui, Peru, under stones (Cuming). I am not acquainted with the species above so meagrely described. M. OBDTNARIA, E. A. Smith. PL 34, fig. 97. Shell subturreted, yellowish brown; ribs 10-11, with strong revolving striae or lirae, here and there larger ; lip thickened. Length, 7*5 mill. Chili and Peru. This will probably prove identical with the last species. Figured from a specimen. M. CARPENTERI, Folin. PL 30, fig. 74. Fulvous. Length, 4-5 mill. Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina. M. GODFROIDI, Folin. PL 30, fig. 70. Very dark brown. Length, 4 mill. Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina. M, LEUCOLABRATUM, Folin. PL 30, fig. 72. Brown, the upper portion of the whorls light yellowish. Length, 3'8 mill. Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina. M. IMPERFECTUM, Folin. PL 28, fig. 43. Reddish brown; sinus very shallow. Length, 4*2 mill. Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina. M. SULCATA, Carpenter. Unfigured. Described from a single broken specimen, 2 inches long. Mazatlan. MANGILIA. 25 1 M. CEREA, Carpenter. A single immature specimen described, but not figured. Panama. M. LEVIDENSIS, Carpenter. Pugvt Sound and Neah Bay. M. ALBOLAQUEATA, Carpenter. From an imperfect, worn speci- men ; lip broken. Panama. M. HAMATA, Carpenter. Unfigured. Panama. M. STELLATA, Morch. Unfigured. W. Coast Central America. M. UNDATICOSTATA, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 34. Shell fusiform, whorls slightly shouldered, with longitudinal, waved ribs; whitish. Length, 9'5 mill. Hab. ? (Reeve) ; Cape York, Australia, and N. Guinea (Brazier). M. CAVERNOSA, Reeve. PI. 21, fig. 26. Shell narrowly shouldered ; ribs oblique, rather narrow ; white, the shoulder light chestnut, with sometimes a few chestnut spots on the body-whorl. Length, 9-10 mill. N. S. Wales (Cox) ; Philippines (CumingX M. FUNEBRIS, Reeve. PL 24, figs. 27, 18. Shell smooth, the ribs rather solid, obtuse, with wider inter- spaces ; yellowish brown, broad banded with chestnut, ribs lighter colored than the interstices. Length, 9-11 mill. Philippines. M. pusilla, Reeve (fig. 18), appears to be identical. M. HEXAGONALIS, Reeve. PL 20, figs. 1, 4. Shell with six distant longitudinal continuous ribs, and rather close revolving strise ; yellowish white. Length, 8 mill. Philippines ; N. Australia ; N. Guinea. The artificial and unnatural grouping of the Pleurotomidse is well illustrated in this species, for M. obeliscus, Reeve (fig. 4), which has a toothed aperture, and would therefore belong to another section, is nevertheless specifically identical with M. hexagonalis. M. GRACILENTA, Reeve. PL 23, figs. 98, 88 ; PL 17, fig. 11. Shell yellowish white to yellowish brown, very slightly nar- 252 MANGILIA. rowly shouldered, pretty closely longitudinally ribbed, the ribs subnodulous, crossed by elevated revolving strise. Length, 15 mill. Philippines, Japan, N. Australia. M. contracta, Reeve (PI. 23, fig. 88), is a smaller specimen of the same species ; as is also M. Fusoides, Reeve (PI. 17, fig. 11). M. FULVOCINCTA, Nevill. PI. 22, fig. 52. Whorls nine, the first four embryonal and colorless, the others varicosely seven-ribbed, with microscopic revolving strise ; whitish, chestnut banded below the sutures, and also at base of body-whorl, and within the aperture. Length, 8 mill. India. M. ZONATA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 79. Shell obscurely shouldered, longitudinally ribbed, ribs smooth, descending from the sutures ; white, with a chestnut band at the upper part of the aperture. Length, 8 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Solomon Is. (E. A. Smith). M. ANGICOSTATA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 85 ; PI. 32, fig. 49 ; PL 22, fig. 69. Shell turreted, whorls distinctly shouldered, with a few distant small longitudinal ribs, extending to the suture, and much wider interspaces ; light yellowish brown to white ; columella chocolate tinged, often with a narrow interrupted chocolate central line. Length, 18 mill. New Caledonia, Viti Isles. Described without locality, but there can be little doubt that M. melanostoma, Garrett (fig. 49), from the Viti Isles, is iden- tical, although Reeve does not mention the dark bordered colu- mella. Probably Reeve's figure is magnified. M. scalata, Souverb. (PL 22, fig. 69), is a short variety, pure white with the narrow band, from New Caledonia. Some of Garrett 's Viti Islands specimens are exactly like it. M. CLARA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 89. Shell smooth, plicately ribbed, round shouldered; purple brown, upper part of the whorls whitish. Length, 15 mill. Hob. unknown. The aperture being neither described nor figured, the position of this species can only be guessed at. MANGILIA. 253 M. CORNEA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 99. Shell ovate, spire acuminated, horny, semitransparent ; finely longitudinally ribbed ; light brown, encircled by a pale zone. Length, 5 mill. Hob. unknown. M. LUTESCENS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 83. Whorls very narrowly obtusely shouldered ; longitudinal ribs numerous, small, with revolving striae in the interstices; yel- lowish brown. Length, 12 mill. Hob. unknown. Described by Reeve under the name of M. fulva, preoccupied by Hinds. M. LIVIDA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 80. Whorls smooth, with narrow flexuous longitudinal ribs ; livid flesh-color. Length, 12 mill. Philippines, on the reefs (Cuming). M. LINEATA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 77. Shell obtusely longitudinally ribbed, smooth; fleshy brown, with numerous faint revolving lines of darker color. Length, 8 mill. Sab. unknown (Reeve) ; So. Australia (Angas). M. NITENS, Hinds. PL 20, fig. 2. Whorls carinately shouldered ; with longitudinal, sharp, oblique ribs, pointed on the shoulder-angle, and extending to the suture, and revolving striae; flesh-brown. Length, 12 mill. N. Australia, New Guinea, Straits of Macassar, and Malacca. M. OPALUS, Reeve. PL 20, fig. 5. Shell with continuous longitudinal distant ribs, the wide inter- stices smooth or with revolving striea ; whorls obtusely angulated in the middle ; white, the interstices of the ribs sometimes more or less stained with brown. Length, 9 mill. Philippines. M. PYRAMIS, Hinds. PL 34, fig. 86. Shell white, angularly longitudinally sharp ribbed, six-sided, with close revolving striae. Length, 12 mill. Straits of Macassar (Hinds). 254 MANGILIA. M. PSEUDOCARINATA, Reeve. PI. 20, fig. 3. Whorls concavely shouldered, somewhat indistinctly keeled, the keel rendered nodulous by the ends of close obliquely longi- tudinal ribs, which are short, becoming evanescent about the middle of the body-whorl, everywhere with close revolving grooves, which are somewhat nodulous ; yellowish brown. Length, 9 mill. Habitat unknown (Cuming Collection). M. PURA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 76. Spire turreted ; whorls slightly, narrowty shouldered ; sutures rather deep ; ribs narrow, reaching the sutures, revolving striae distant ; yellowish white, with a median row of faint brown spots on the back of the body-whorl. Length, 8 mill. S. Australia (Angas). M. PALLIDA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 78. Whorls convex, without shoulder, with about 10-11, strong, flexuous ribs extending to the suture ; white. Length, 8 mill. Isl. of Ticao, Philippines. M. SORDIDA, Reeve. PL 20, fig. 98. Whorls angulated in the middle ; longitudinally obliquely ribbed, the ribs short, most prominent on the angle ; interstices latticed with raised striae — which become more prominent towards the base of the body-whorl, where the ribs are obsolete ; dull white. Length, 6 mill. Habitat unknown (Mus. Metcalfe). M. SEMEN, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 86. Whorls with rather broad, sloping shoulders, nodulated by the ends of short oblique longitudinal plicae, or ribs ; no revolving striae ; chestnut-brown, the ribs lighter or whitish. Length, 6 mill. St. Nicolas, Island of Zebu, Philippines, under stones at low-water (Cuming). M. VITREA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 95. Shell cylindrically elongated, thin, pellucid, glassy, smooth ; no longitudinal ribs ; a few revolving grooves at the upper and lower part of the body-whorl, the former appearing on the spire also ; yellowish white. Length, 6 mill. Singapore, and Philippines (Cuming). . A species having peculiar characters. MANGILIA. 255 M. CASTANBA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 84. Whorls rounded ; longitudinally ribbed, the interstices wittr close revolving striae; chestnut-brown. Length, 11 mill. Isle of Burias, Philippines (Cuming). Nearly related to M. livida, but the ribs are straighter, the canal more slopingly produced, and the surface striate. M. ROBUSTICOSTATA, Smith. PL 22, fig. 60. Whorls turreted, with strongly angular periphery, and short, oblique ribs, about twelve in number; lip thin at edge, but thickened externally by one of the ribs ; sinus scarcely dis- cernible ; yellowish brown, whitish towards the base of the body- whorl and labrum. Length, 6'3 mill. Japan. M. SPLENDIDA, A. Adams. PL 22, fig. 55. Shell somewhat thin, subpellucid, shining, with longitudinal, obtuse, unequal, rather weak plicae, and somewhat distant spiral lineations ; light brownish, with bands of rather large chestnut maculations ; lip acute, but varicose externally. Length, 1 inch. Japan. One of the largest and most distinct species of the group, though scarcely of typical character. M. COPPINGERI, Smith. PL 22, fig. 58. Whorls divided by a deep suture, longitudinally closely ribbed, the ribs becoming obsolete on the lower part of the body-whorl, where they are replaced by revolving striae, more distinct towards the base; aperture small, labrum thickened, with a very faint sinus ; chocolate-brown, including the aperture. Length, 6*3 mill. Patagonia. M. COSTULATA, Dunker. PL 22, figs. 62, 70. Shell with close, rounded, longitudinal ribs, and obsolete revolving striae ; yellowish white, with narrow chestnut revolving lines. Length, 8 mill. Japan. M. Leuckarti, Dunker (fig. 70), is a variety with stronger revolving striae, and uniformly brown-colored. 256 MANGILIA. M. DESHAYESII, Bunker. PI. 22, fig. 71. Narrowly shouldered, with close, small, longitudinal riblets, crossed by revolving elevated striae ; light yellowish brown, the thickened lip brown-spotted. Length, 7 mill. Japan. Very probably identical with the preceding species. M. PICTA, Adams and Angas. PL 22, fig. 72. Whorls with narrow shoulder ; longitudinal ribs few, slightly flexuous, with much wider interspaces covered with revolving striae; light yellowish brown, with a broad chocolate band beneath the shoulder. Length, 12 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. M. TNSCULPTA, Adams and Angas. PI. 22, fig. 61. Closely longitudinally plicate, the ribs forming a slight poste- rior shoulder or angle, interstices with revolving lirae ; light yellowish brown, darker in the grooves. Length, 6 mill. St. Vincents Gulf, So. Australia. M. ANGULOSA, E. A. Smith. PL 22, fig. 67. Whorls obtusely angulated, with six curved longitudinal ribs, and close small revolving striae, distinct only in the interstices ; light brown. Length, 5 mill. West Africa. M. FLAVESCENS, Angas. PL 22, fig. 68. Whorls shouldered, the angle pointed with the longitudinal ribs ; revolving striae, closer and sharper at the base of the body- whorl; yellowish white, sometimes tinged with orange at the angle of the whorls and towards the base. Length, 5 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. M. PAPILLARIS, Hinds. PL 15, fig. 21. Whorls angulated, obsoletely tubercularly ribbed; pinkish yellow, edge of the lip tinged with red within. Length, 11 mill. Straits of Malacca, 17 fathoms, mud (Hinds). A very obscure species, the characters of which are not apparent. M. DARNLEYENSIS, Brazier. PL 19,, fig. 73. Shell pyramidal, slender, six-sided, longitudinally ribbed, crossed with raised striae, somewhat rugose, interstices smooth ; MANGILTA. 257 whorls 7 to 8, fattened; outer lip slightly varicose, sinus wide and deep ; yellowish brown, lip sometimes black-edged. Length, 12 mill. Torres Straits, Australia. Figured from one of several specimens obligingly commu- nicated by Mr. Brazier. M. CITHARELLA, Lam. PI. 24, figs. 13, 14. Light yellowish brown, or yellowish white, banded narrowly and numerously with chestnut. Length, 15-20 mill. Solomon's Is., Philippines. This is M. striata, Schum. M. lyra, Reeve (fig. 14), is a variety with stronger shoulder-angle and ribs. Mr. E. A. Smith considers M. funiculata, Reeve, a variety also ; but that species has a toothed labrum, and therefore belongs to the section Cythara, as very artificially separated from Mangilia ; it may be a synonym, nevertheless. M. PYGM^EA, Bunker. PL 32, fig. 50. Longitudinally plicate, plicae evanescent towards the base of the body-whorl ; light brown. Length, 6 mill. Japan. M. VARICULOSA, Sowb. PI. 16, fig. 60. Whorls narrowly shouldered ; longitudinal ribs granose, crossed by raised striae ; dark chocolate-brown. Length, 13'5 mill. Bay of Montija, W. Coast Centr. America. M. QUISQUALIS, Hinds. PL 16, fig. 63. White, obtusely angulated, smooth above the angle, which is nodose by the termination of short longitudinal ribs. Length, 11 mill. W. Coast Centr. America. M. LUCIDA, Nevill. PL 12, fig. 19. White, slightly and irregularly marbled with pale brown, between the ribs and especially behind the outer lip. Length, 8 mill. Persian Gulf; Bay of Bengal. Allied in general to M. quisqualis, Hinds, but is smaller, with transverse striae at the base of the last whorl, with a row of 258 MANGILIA. granules and a deep groove beneath the suture, and with straight instead of oblique ribs. Perhaps a Drillia. M. ERICEA, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 71. Light brown ; slightly shouldered, the ribs continued to the sutures, nodulous below the shoulder, by the crossing of revolv- ing lines. Length, 12*5 mill. Coast of Veragua. M. C^ELATA, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 67. Whorls shouldered, with an elevated revolving line below the suture, shortly obliquely ribbed below the shoulder ; dark chest- nut, aperture blackish. Length, 6*5 mill. Gulf of Fonseca, mud, 20 fms. (Hinds). M. CONCENTRICOSTATA, Reeve. PL 15, fig. 48. Shell slenderly fusiform, spire acuminated, whorls very closely concentrically ribbed, sutures simple ; flesh-tinged brown. Length, 12 mill. Habitat unknown. Closely allied to M. variculosa, Sowb., but without the raised revolving striae of that species. M. MARGARITIFERA, Gray. PL 15, figs. 39, 43. Whorls rounded or very slightly shouldered, reticulated by longitudinal and revolving fine ribs and lines ; yellowish brown, tinged with chestnut, sometimes forming an indistinct central band. Length, 7 mill. Habitat unknown. With this species I unite M. dsedala, Reeve (fig. 43), also described without locality, but for which Mr. Brazier indicates Torres Straits, N. Australia. M. CARDINALIS, Reeve. PL 15, fig. 44. Obliquely longitudinally plicated, minutely transversely stri- ated ; yellowish white, with three narrow chocolate bands. Length, 10 mill. Isle of Negros, Philippines. M. ORASSILABRUM, Reeve. PL 15, figs. 45, 47. Shell narrowly shouldered, the shoulder smooth, tubercularly MANGILIA. 259 ribbed beneath, crossed by elevated revolving striae ; yellowish brown, variously chocolate banded. Length, 16 mill. Isl Ticao, Philippines; Darnley 1st., N. Australia (Brazier), Bay of Hakodadi (Schrenck). A variety of this species is entirely without the colored bands. M. ALBICANS, Hinds. PL 16, fig. 57. Slightly longitudinally ribbed, the ribs nodose at the sutures, with revolving striae towards the base of the body-whorl ; whitish, more or less tinged with chestnut. Length, 6 mill. Straits of Malacca; mud, 17 fms. (Hinds). M. ANQULATA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 28. Whorls sharply angulated, with a few sharp narrow longi- tudinal ribs, crossing the shoulder to the suture, no revolving striae ; yellowish brown, lineated with pale chestnut. Length, 5 mill. Bay of Manilla (Cuming) ; Cape York, Australia (Brazier). M. CINCTA, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 29 ; PL 27, fig. 13. TJather narrowly shouldered, the shoulder-angle sharp pointed by the ribs, which attain the suture, interstices of the ribs with revolving striae ; yellowish brown, with a broad superior darker band. Length, 7*5 mill. Philippines. I unite with this species M. nana, Reeve (PL 27, fig. 13), which is not banded. There is not sufficient distinction between this and the preceding species. M. ORYZA, Hinds. PL 23, fig. 94. Shell smooth, shining, with seven prominent plicate ribs ; whitish. Length, 12 mill. New Guinea. M. MACULATA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 72. White, with an orange-brown band, interrupted by the ribs, and appearing only in the interstices. Length, 10 mill. Darnley JsZ., N. Australia (Brazier) ; Philippines (Cuming). 260 MANGILIA. M. TENEBROSA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 70. Shell turreted, with narrowly, flatly shouldered whorls and deep sutures ; distantly longitudinally ribbed, crossed by revolving striae ; dark chestnut-brown without and within. Length, 10 mill. Philippines. M. ABYSSICOLA, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 19. Whorls shouldered, the narrow, rather distant longitudinal ribs crossing the acute angle of the shoulder to the suture, encircled by raised strife ; yellowish brown, with a narrow chestnut central band. Length, 7-10 mill. Philippines. M. ASTRICTA, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 26. Whorls convex, without shoulder; longitudinally rather num- erously but narrowly ribbed; yellowish, with a narrow interrupted central chestnut band, and a still narrower superior one. Length, 11 mill. Habitat unknown. M. GOODALLTI, Gray. PL 27, fig. 7. Whorls with narrow sloping shoulder ; conspicuously narrowly ribbed, with wider concave interspaces bearing revolving striae ; whitish or yellowish, the striae pale brown. Length, 10 mill. Hob. unknown (Reeve) ; N. Australia (Brazier). M. PESSULATA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 66. Whorls not shouldered, rather fiat : rather numerously flexu- ously longitudinally ribbed, the interstices with revolving striae; whitish. Length, 1 1 mill. Philippines. M. CORONATA, Hinds. PL 27, fig. 19. Whorls six, shouldered ; plicately ribbed and transversely striated, ribs somewhat acuminated at the upper part ; yellowish white. Length, 12 mill. Straits of Macassar (Hinds). M. CELEBENSIS, Hinds. PL 27, fig. 12. Shell smooth, plicately ribbed, ribs rather distant ; light 3^0!- lowish, brown banded. Length, 12 mill. New Guinea. MANGILIA. 261 M. PYRAMIDALIS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 93. Shell pyramidal, slim, whorls with sloping shoulders, with narrow ribs reaching the sutures, and much wider interspaces, which are transversely striated ; yellowish white. Length, 7 mill. Philippines. Unfigured Exotic Species of Mangilia. M. MODICA, E. A. Smith. Japan. M. FLEXUOSA, M. MINUTISTRIATA, M. OPALINA, M. PLATYCHEILA, M. ACUTANGULARIS, of E. A. Smith. No locality. M. PELLYI, E. A. Smith. Persian Gulf. M. CALEDONICA, E. A. Smith. New Caledonia. M. TRIZONATA, E. A. Smith. Philippines. M. FILICINCTA, E. A. Smith. Japan. M. LEVUKENSIS, Watson. Fiji Islands. M. TRACK YS, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania. M. MEREDITHS, Tenison-Woods. Bass Straits, Tasmania. M. SEMIASSA, Gould. Bab. unknown. M. TETRAQONA, Gould. China Sea. M. LUTEA, Gould. Loochoo Sea. ?M. MICA, Philippi. Red Sea. M. CRASSICOSTATA, Dunker. Viti Isles. M. CLAVATA, Sowerby. China Sea. M. ANNA, Jousseaume. JV. Caledonia. Section CYTHARA, Schumacher. M. MARGINELLOIDES, Reeve. PL 24, figs. 22, 17. Interstices of the longitudinal ribs either smooth or more or less thickly covered with fine revolving striae ; yellowish or ash- white, with fine, rather close chestnut revolving lines, sometimes interrupted by the ribs, sometimes crossing them, sometimes obsolete, shoulder usually tinged with chocolate. Length, 10-13 mill. Philippines, New Guinea, New Caledonia. M. Columbelloides, Reeve (fig. 17), is a synonym. M. ANTILLARUM, Reeve. PL 24, fig, 12. Shell ribbed, without revolving striae ; yellowish brown, broadly 262 MANGILIA. banded with chocolate and shoulder tinged with the same color. Length, 16 mill. West Indies (Reeve). The locality may be doubted, as it has not been confirmed by any other authorities ; its distinctness from the preceding species is also doubtful. M. RETICULATA, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 10 ; PI. 25, figs. 45, 47. Longitudinally plicately ribbed, finely transversely striated ; yellowish, broadly two-banded with chocolate or bluish ash, the two bands sometimes coalescing into one and covering all except the upper portion of the body-whorl. Length, 9-12 mill. Philippines, N. Caledonia, Solomon's Is., Viti Isles. M. Guestieri, Souverb. (PI. 25, fig. 41), is a synonym, and M. Bichardi, Crosse (PI. 25, fig. 45), appears to be a small form, without bands. M. OBESA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 11. Interstices of the ribs with strong revolving striae ; whitish, the shoulder and base of the body-whorl tinged with chocolate, with a central rather broad band of the same color. Length, 10 mill. Philippines, Perhaps a variety of the preceding species. Described under the name ofvittata, preoccupied by Hinds. M. PONDEROSA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 5. Numerously narrowly and delicately longitudinally ribbed, latticed by revolving striae ; yellowish white, interruptedly nar- rowly brown-banded at the slight shoulder, and occasionally tinged with brown elsewhere. Length, 16 mill. Philippines (C tuning) ; N. Australia (Brazier). M. CONOHELICOIDES. Reeve. PL 23, fig. 4. Longitudinally many ridged, transversely striate ; yellowish white, with sometimes a large orange-brown blotch on the back of the body-whorl. Length. 12 mill. Philippines, under stones (Cuming). M. GRADATA, Nevill. PL 25, fig. 44. Ribs narrow, straight, continuing to the base of the body- whorl, interstices regularly transversely striated ; columella MANGILIA. 263 almost straighib, slightly rugose above, outer lip nearly straight, very thick, regularly rounded ; pure white. Length, 5*75 mill. Ceylon, Bombay. Possibly a form of the preceding species. M. PLANILABROIDES, Tryon. PL 21, fig. 28. Shell fusiform, smooth, narrowty, slopingly shouldered; brown with a superior white zone. Length, 10 mill. Isl. of Ticao, Philippines (Cuming). Described by Reeve as M. planilabrum, a name already used by him for the following species described as a Pleurotoma. M. PLANILABRUM, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 87. Shell ovately oblong, reddish brown ; whorls convex, lineated spirally, ribbed longitudinally, ribs almost obsolete ; aperture oblong, lip flat, red, denticulated within, canal very short. Length, 1 inch. Philippines (Cuming). M. DECUSSATA, Pease. PI. 25, fig. 37. Whorls shouldered; longitudinally narrowly ribbed, thebroader interspaces with revolving striae ; white. Length, 10 mill. Paumotus Is. M. CITHARA, Gould. PI. 25, fig. 43 ; PL 22, fig. 50. Ribs rounded, prominent, the interspaces narrow, with close revolving striae ; white, sometimes obscurely chestnut-banded. Length, 8-10 mill. Fiji Is. (Gould) ; Paumotus Is. (Pease). Mr. Pease's M. brevis (PL 22, fig. 50) appears to be a synonym ; the type, which is before me, is a specimen not fully grown. M. CAPILLACEA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 73. Whorls lightly shouldered ; ribs narrow, flexuous, the inter- spaces broader, with revolving striae ; light yellowish brown, encircled by hair-like brown lines on the summits of the striae. Length, 11 mill. Philippines (Cuming); Solomon Is. (E. A. Smith); N. Australia (Brazier). M. DELACOURIANA, Crosse. PL 25, fig. 32. Ribs rounded, narrower than the interspaces, surmounting the 18 264 MANGILIA. slight shoulder-angle and attaining the suture, revolving striae very fine and close ; white, with traces of brown staining. Length, 12 mill. N. Caledonia. Is possibly a variety of the preceding species, from which it appears to differ only in the absence of the hair-like brown lines. M. STROMBOIDES, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 1. Interstices of the ribs with fine revolving striae ; yellowish white. Length, 14 mill. Philippines (Cum ing), Red Sea (Riippell). M. ELEGANS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 3. Interstices of the narrow ribs very beautifully elevately striated ; yellowish white, very faintly zoned with brown. Length, 13 mill. Philippines (Cuming). Perhaps a variety of the preceding species, M. BALANSAI, Crosse. PI. 25, fig. 35. Yellowish white, the interstices of the ribs chestnut-colored, obsoletely chestnut-banded. Length. 19'5 mill. Neiv Caledonia. Narrower and more numerously ribbed than M. Stromboides, Reeve. M. DUBIOSA, Nevill. PL 25, fig. 42. Doubtfulty distinct from the next species, which is described and figured from a young shell. White, with a broad brown stain on the back of the last whorl ; ribs narrow, straight, not on the shoulder, interstices closely striated. Length, 7*5 mill. Andaman Is. ; Mauritius. M. CONIFORMIS, Gray. PL 26, fig. 79. Shell rather transparent, thin, whitish ; faintly plicate on the upper part of the whorls, transversely very faintly striated. Length, 9 mill. Habitat unknown (Reeve) ; W. Coast of Cent. Am. (Morch). M. SOUVERBIEI, Tryon. PL 22, fig. 65. Shell minutely tuberculate at the shoulder-angle, and covered MANGILIA. 265 by minute revolving striae; whitish, with a4arge dorsal brownish spot or stain. Length, f mill. New Caledonia. Described by Souverbie as M. coniformis, a name preoccupied by Gray, above. M. PULCHELLA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 20. Many ribbed, the ribs flexuous, narrow, the interstices very faintly reticulated ; yellowish white, with several narrow chestnut bands interrupted by the ribs. Length, 12 mill. Isle of Ticao, Philippines, on the sands (Cuming). M. VEXILLUM, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 8. Whorls nodulous at the shoulder, with ribs descending from the nodules, entire surface of the shell decussately striated, as if very finely granulated ; orange-yellow, with a number of narrow whitish bands. Length, 11 mill. Philippines, under stones (Cuming). M. LAMELLATA, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 69. Sutures deep, a little cavernous, ribs narrow, erect, lamelli- form, somewhat pointed around the sutures, transversely strongly distantly striate ; yellowish white, faintly zoned with pale brown. Length, 11 mill. Philippines, coarse sand, 7 fathoms (Cuming). M. REEVEI, Tryon. PL 26, fig. 68. Longitudinally plicately ribbed ; ribs crossing the shoulder to the suture; yellowish white or light brown, banded with pale chocolate, crossed with numerous obscure fine white lines. Length, 11 mill. Philippines (Cuming). Described by Reeve as Mangilia crassilabrum, but the specific name is preoccupied by himself in Pleur. crassilabrum, which is also a Mangilia. M. INTERRUPTA, Reeve. PI. 23, figs. 74, 75 ; PI. 22, fig. 51. Shell nodose at the shoulder, with strong, narrow, rounded ribs descending from the nodules ; whitish, with hair-like, chocolate, revolving lines between the ribs, sometimes approxi- mating into bands. Length, 7 mill. Philippines, Sandwich Isl., Mauritius, Abyssinia, Ceylon. 266 MANGILIA. Daphnella bella, Pease (unfigured), and PI. gemmulata, Desh. (PL 22. fig. 51), are synonyms. M. GIBBOSA, Reeve. PI. 24, figs. 24, 25. Whorls nodulous at the shoulder, smooth, ribs slightly flexuous ; ashy white, encircled by faint orange-brown lines, back stained with pale black at the upper part. Length, 7 mill. Philippines, on the reefs (Cuming) ; Swan River, Australia. M. Novse-Hollandide, Reeve (fig. 25), appears to be only a variation of the main characters of this shell. M. CINNAMOMEA, Hinds. PI. 2*7, fig. 17. Shouldered, plicately ribbed, transversely obsoletely striated ; cinnamon-colored, narrowly white-banded. Length, 13 mill. New Guinea, Straits of Macassar, and Malacca. M. PELLUCTDA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 31 ; PI. 22, fig. 63. Shell ovate, attenuated at both ends, smooth, transparent, shining, longitudinally closely ribbed, whitish, brown at the base, sometimes with three narrow, interrupted bands. Length, 5 mill. Habitat unknown (Reeve) ; Darnley Isl., Australia (Brazier) ; Philippines (Ad. and Reeve). M. trivittata, Ad. and Reeve (PL 22, fig. 63), appears to be a banded form of this species. M. DERELICTA, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 30 ; PL 23, fig. 96. Longitudinally strongly ribbed, transversely obsoletely striated ; light brown. Length, 7 mill. Habitat unknown. "A strong ribbed species of ordinary form," says Reeve. I do not find any sufficiently distinctive characters in either the description or figure of M. Zebuensis, Reeve (PL 23, fig. 96), from the Philippines. M. APICATA, Gray. PL 15, fig. 32. Whorls concavely flattened above a fine keel, nodosely plaited beneath, plaits fading away towards the lower part ; transversely impressly striated ; pale yellow, reddish at the apex. Length, 7 mill. Habitat unknown. MANGILTA. 267 % M. NEGLECTA, Hinds. PL 15, fig. 35. Ribs rounded, approximated, transversely elevately striated; rusty brown. Length, 10 mill. Gulf of Nicoya, W. Coast of Central America. Is quite as nearly related to Clathurella as to Cithara. M. ANGELA, Ad. and Angas. PL 25, fig. 34. Yellowish white, chocolate-tinted towards the base, aperture stained with violet in front. Length, 15 mill. Woodlark Isl., Australia. M. FUNICULATA, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 16. Smooth, ashy brown, the ribs whitish. Length, 16 mill. Philippines. Mr. E. A. Smith (Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, 538), considers this a synonym of M. citharella, Lam. This may indeed be the case, but if so, we can retain but few of the numerous species of Mangilia. It is narrower than that species, and the outer lip is toothed, thus placing it in Cythara, whilst M. citharella, having a plain lip, is a typical Mangilia. M. DORVILLI.E, Gray. PL 16, fig. 65. Shell rather thin, narrowly shouldered ; longitudinally plicated, with fine revolving striae, more conspicuous towards the base ; whitish, with a pale brown three-line zone. Length, 9 mill. West Indies. M. GRACILTS, Reeve. PL 24, fig. 15. Ribs narrow, distant, the interstices with very fine revolving striae ; whitish, with a central chestnut zone, and sometimes additional chestnut blotches. Length, 13 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Viti Islands (Garrett). M. CYLINDRICA, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 92 ; PL 24, fig. 9. Slightly shouldered, longitudinally finely ribbed, the ribs attaining the suture, transversely elevately striated ; transparent white, stained with pale brown, spotted on the shoulder with orange-brown. Length, 10 mill. Philippines, sandy mud, 25 fms. (Cuming). 268 MANG1LIA. M. FUSIFORMIS, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 2. Yellowish white, stained or interruptedly fasciated with orange- brown. Length, 15 mill. Philippines, coarse sand, 10 fms. (Cuming). M. LYRICA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 21. Whorls not shouldered ; lightly longitudinally ribbed, crossed by revolving elevated striae ; light brown, indistinctly banded with orange-brown. Length, 11 mill. Philippines. Lightly ribbed, and more attenuated towards the base than the allied forms. M. TURRICULA, Reeve. PI. 24, fig. 23. Sutures deep ; shoulder very narrow ; whorls rather flat ; whitish, sometimes with a central brown band, with fine brown revolving lines, invisible except with a lens. Length, 12 mill. Philippin es , Mauritiu s. M. BICOLOR, Reeve. PI. 26, fig. 65. Interstices of the ribs very finely transversely striated ; whitish above, but most of the body-whorl lead-color. Length, 11 mill. Darnley Isl., N. Australia (Brazier) ; Philippin es ( C uming ) . The coloring has probably faded from chocolate. M. DIGITALIS, Reeve. PI. 2T, fig. 24. Shell solid, granosely cancellated, yellowish white, with narrow brown sutural and peripheral bands. Length, 7 mill. Hdb. unknown (Reeve) ; Solomon Is. (E. A. Smith). M. TRITICEA, Kiener. PI. 25, fig. 51 ; PI. 21, fig. 14. Longitudinal ribs oblique, transverse striae very fine but distinct, inner and outer lips both corrugated ; whitish, with a broad central brown band on the back of the body-whorl, which when the shell is worn appears as a spot. Length, 10 mill. Indian Ocean (Kiener) ; Polynesia ( Pease). Pease changed M. triticea, Reeve, to angiostoma, believing the species distinct from the Indian Ocean form described and figured under the name of triticea by Kiener. I cannot detect distinguishing characters, however ; moreover Kiener's locality MANGILIA. 269 may not be true, although if so, it would not make an extraor- dinary distribution for the species. M. FASCIATA, Gray. PL 26, fig. 74. Ribs latticed with conspicuous transverse striae ; yellowish white, with a central, narrow, chestnut band. Length, 8'5 mill. Africa. I know nothing concerning this species. M. VITTATA, Hinds. PL 22, fig. 66. Closely ribbed, crossed by numerous revolving striae ; yellowish brown, fasciate with chestnut. Length, 11 mill. Straits of Macassar, 10 fms., coarse sand (Hinds). M. EXQUISITA, E. A. Smith. PL 24, fig. 6. Narrowly and distantly longitudinally ribbed, transversely very finely corded ; whitish, lineated and banded with chestnut. Length, 16 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Warrior /., Australia (Brazier). This species was figured by Reeve for a specimen in the Cumingian collection, under the name of vittata, Hinds (described above), but it is evidently a different species. M. METULA, Hinds. PL 16, fig. 59. Whorls flattened, five in number; obsoletely ribbed, trans- versely striated, suture with a raised line; lip inflected in the middle; yellowish brown, banded with chestnut. Length, 6 mill. Habitat unknown. M. RIGIDA, Hinds. PL 16, fig. 64. Shoulder undulated at the angle by the longitudinal ribs, which are crossed by raised striae ; fulvous. Length, 8 mill. Panama. Partakes of the characters of Clathurella. Carpenter has described (but not figured) a var. fuscoligata, from Cape St. Lucas, L. California. I have not seen it. M. ASPERA, Hinds. PL 16, fig. 62. Shoulder very narrow, longitudinal ribs decussated by raised revolving lines ; chocolate-brown, aperture flesh-red. Length, 13 mill. Guayaquil (Hinds). 270 MANGILTA. M. SUBULA, Reeve. PL 20, fig. 94. Closely reticulated with longitudinal and revolving lines, with a flatly obtuse keel near the suture, lip-sinus distinct; yellowish white, painted with chestnut spots around the guture. Length, 15 mill. Philippines, coarse sand, 7 fms. (Cnming) ; Darnley I., Australia (Brazier). M. FAIRBANKI, Nevill. PI. 22, fig. 48. Ribs rounded, distant, continuous, crossed by distant revolving riblets which swell upon the ribs; leaden brown, stained with a darker shade on the outer lip and columella. Length, 6 mill. Bombay ; probably also Ceylon, arid Andaman Is. Closely allied to M. hexagonalis, Reeve, but differs in the dentate aperture, shorter and more open canal, more distant and distinct revolving sculpture. M. DEBILIS, Pease. PL 25, fig. 33. Narrowly angulated at the suture, from which descend about ten longitudinal ribs, closely and finely crossed by revolving striae ; white, back of body-whorl stained with chestnut. Length, 6 mill. Paumotus Is. Described as Cythara dsedalea, which name being preoccupied, was subsequently changed as above. M. HIRSUTUM, Folin. PL 30, fig. 75. Yellowish white, the earlier whorls darker. Length, 3-4 mill. Pacific Ocean, on Meleagrina. M. BOAKEI, Nevill. PL 33, fig. 71 ; PL 25, fig. 36. Whorls narrowly round-shouldered at the top ; longitudinal plicae close, small, rather straight; no revolving striae; pinkish white, shining, with a subsutural interrupted chestnut band, and another about the top of the aperture, lower half of bodj^-whorl pale chestnut ; interior two-banded with chestnut ; lip thickened, internally minutely crenulated. Length, 12 mill. Ceylon, So. Australia. I think that M. bicinctula, Nevill (fig. 71), will prove to be identical, and M. bella, Ad. and Angas (PL 25, fig. 36), from Rapid Bay, So. Australia, may also be considered a synonym. MANGILIA. 2 I t Unfigured species of Mangilia of the Section Cythara. M. INTAMINATA, Gould (China Seas); M. GLAREOSA, Gould (Hong Kong ; M. ALBICINCTA, Gould (Loo Ghoo Seas); M. LOTA Gould ( China Seas). All collected by Stimpson, 1ST. Pac. Expl. Exped., and types destroyed in the great Chicago fire. M. LABECULA, Gould. Dredged off the Coast of Georgia. May belong to Astyris, in Columbellidae. M. LANCEOLATA, C. B. Adams. Jamaica. M. CORONATA, Mighels (Sandwich Islands). Pease thinks this may possibly = M. triticea, Reeve. M. PAUCICOSTATA, Pease (Tahiti); M. PUSILLA, Pease (Sandwich Islands); M. STRIGATA, Pease (Sandwich Islands). M. DESALESI and M. TASMANICA, Tenison-Woods. Tasmania. M. MAcCoYi, Petterd. (Allied to M Tasmanica.) Tasmania. M. SUBTILTS, Watson. Off Pernambuco. M. HANLEYI, Dunker. Upolu. M. MILIUM, Philippi. China. M. SINUATA, Carp. (Panama); M. SUBDIAPHANA, Carp., and M. FUSCONOTATA, Carp. (Cape St. Lucas). Section GLYPHOSTOMA, Gabb. Lienardia, Jousseaume (1884), of which the following species is made the type, is a synonym of Glyphostoma. M. RUBIDA, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 34; PL 16, fig. 53; PI. 18, fig. 51. Pink outside and inside, the canaliculate sutures often black- banded, with frequently a white central band on the body-whorl, and a narrow black band below it. Length, 12 mill. New Guinea, New Ireland, Mauritius, Viti and Cook's Is., New Caledonia. Kiener has apparently figured this species for Donovan's Murex angulatus, of the British Channel. The synonymy also includes M. canaliculata, Pease (PI. 18, fig. 51) = M. Peasei, Nevill, M. Bertiniana, Tapparone-Canefri (PI. 16, fig. 53), and probably M. exquisita, Nevill. M. Peasei, was proposed instead of canaliculata, Pease, preoccupied by Reeve. 272 MANGILIA. M. ROSEOTINCTA, Montrouzier. PL 16, fig. 54. Shell larger than the preceding species, more attenuated towards the base, spire longer, outer lip not so thick ; rose- colored. Length, 19 mill. New Caledonia. Perhaps only a variety of M. rubida. M. MARMOROSA, Reeve. PI. 27, fig. 11. White, very sparingly spotted with orange-brown. Length, 11 mill. Habitat unknown. M. ISSELT, G. and H. Nevill. PL 25, figs. 40, 48. White, with two narrow, interrupted orange bands, one of which reappears on the spire. Length (decollated), 7*75 mill. Ceylon. Yar. Cernica (fig. 48), from Mauritius, is smaller (6*5 mill.), and retains the embryonal whorls. M. BICLATHRATA, Souverbie. PL 25, fig. 53. Yellowish white, with a sutural chestnut band, and two bands below it on the body-whorl ; both lips plicate. Length, 2*5 mill. New Caledonia. M. INTERSTRIATA, E. A. Smith. PL 25, fig. 50. Longitudinal ribs ten, thin, oblique, with revolving lines in the interspaces; both lips denticulate; whitish, banded with dark chocolate at the sutures, and also at the middle and base of the body-whorl. Length, 8 mill. San Christovalj Solomon Islands. " This species has much resemblance to PL biclathrata, Souv., and may eventually prove to be but a large variety of it." M. ONAGER, Souverbie. PL 25, fig. 46. Whitish, with chestnut stripes and bands. Length, 15 mill. New Caledonia. M. UNILTNEATA, E. A. Smith. PL 25, fig. 52. Longitudinally ribbed and transversely striate ; both lips denticulate ; yellowish white or light brown, with an interrupted white median band margined below with chestnut. Length, 15 mill. San Christoval, Solomon Islands. MANGILIA. % . 273 M. AMABILIS, G. and H. STevill. PI. 30, fig. 76. White, with three double rows of bright brown granules on the ribs of the body-whorl, and one double row on those of the spire. Length, 7 mill. Mauritius. M. APICULATA, Montrouzier. PL 19, fig. 50. Translucent white, with a row of opaque white spots about the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 7 mill. New Caledonia (Montr.) ; Ceylon and Andaman Is. (Nevill). M. SPURCA, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 37. Yellowish brown, the revolving striae dark brown. Length, 22 mill. New Guinea and Straits of Malacca (Hinds) ; Australia (Brazier, Angas). M. CINEREA, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 38. Yellowish brown ; the space above the tuberculated angle smooth. Length, 17 mill. Hob. unknown. Ma}7 be only a form of the preceding species. M. CANDIDA, Hinds. PI. 15, fig. 41. Ribs rather broad, rounded, the revolving striae only at the base ; white. Length, 14 mill. Magnetic Island, Coast of Veragua (Hinds). M. ARGILLACEA, Hinds. PL 15, fig. 40. Brownish yellow ; body-whorl with revolving striae towards the base. Length, 14 mill. Straits of Malacca, mud, 14 fms. (Hinds) ; Darnley Isl., Australia (Brazier). I cannot detect any difference between the figure of this species and that of M. Candida, and I suspect that, notwithstanding the very different localities, they are identical. M. MONTROUZIERI, Souverbie. PL 20, fig. 77. Orange-brown. Length, 26'5 mill. New Caledonia. The largest species of the section. M. OBESA, Garrett. PL 19, fig. 64. Yellowish brown. Length, 9 mill. Vili Islands. The type figured is evidently not adult. 274 CLATHURELLA. M. ALBOVIRGULATA, Souverbie. PL 16, fig. 58. The rounded ribs crossed by narrow revolving ridges ; outer lip dentate within, inner lip with several oblique grooves ; light lilac, with white blotches below the sutures, the spiral sculpture also whitish. Length, 14 mill. New Caledonia. Unfigured Species of Glyphostoma. M. SOROR (Persian Gulf) ; M. BISERTATA (Hab. ?) ; M. OBTUSICOS- TATA (? Japan, Persian Gulf); M. RUBROCINCTA {Fiji Islands); M. BATHYRAPHE (Philippines) ; — all of Mr. E. A. Smith. M. OCELLATA, Jousseaume. Mauritius. Section CITHAROPSIS, A. Adams. M. CANCELLATA, A. Adams. Acuminated above and below, reddish brown, spire and aper- ture equal ; whorls convex; longitudinally costellate, transversely lirate, closely elegantly cancellate, last whorl produced and acuminated below. Japan. Unfigured. No dimensions given. M. SOLIDA, Reeve. PL 27, fig. 10. Solid, very closely granosely latticed throughout ; purplish. Length, 9 mill. Philippines, sand, 7 fms. (Cuming). Genus CLATHURELLA, Carpenter. C. INFLATA, Crist, et Jan. PL 32, fig. 30. Whorls very convex, with very narrow, curved, distant ribs and close fine revolving striae ; yellowish brown. Length, 1 inch. , Mediterranean Sea (rare in living state). C. volutella, Kiener (figured) is a synonym. C. STRTA, Calcara. PL 33, fig. 74, Whorls convex, with revolving lines, those of the spire only with longitudinal rounded ribs. Length, 13 mill. Mediterranean Sea. Described as a fossil, but a few recent fragments have been dredged. G. semiplicata, Bonelli, is a synonym. OLATHURELLA. 275 C. TORQUATA, Philippi. PI. 20, fig. 78. Rather thin, subdecussate, whorls with sloping shoulders, th^ angle set with small tubercles. Length, 1 inch. Mediterranean, deep sea. Originally described as a fossil from Calabria, but recent specimens have been dredged at several localities. It is PL recondita, Tiberi. C. PURPUREA, Montagu. PI. 18, figs. 40, 41. Whorls usually well rounded, clathrate by narrow ribs and almost equally strong revolving ridges ; reddish or purplish brown, white-zoned below the middle of the body-whorl, the zone distinct within the lip. Length, 12-19 mill. Europe, Canary Islands. Yar. PHILBEBTI, Mich. (fig. 41). Shell dwarf, more solid, fewer ribs, often particolored (P. bicolor, Risso). Yar. LA Vi-as, Phil. More lengthened and smaller than the type, very regularly trellised. It is the var. oblonga of Jeffreys and P. corbis, Midland. Yar. MAJOR, Monts. Length, 26 mill. Yar. ATRA, Monts. Uniform dark chocolate. Yar. FLAVIDA, Monts. Light yellowish, a little roseate. Yar. ALBIDA, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. White. Yar. BICOLOR, Risso. Brown with large white spots. Yar. LINEOLATA, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. A brown line between each ridge. C. CORDIERI, Payr. PI. 32, fig. 34 ; PL 18, fig. 35 ; PI. 20. fig. 79. Ribs and revolving ridges higher and sharper, and not so numerous as in the preceding species, the intersections produced, prickly, aperture more attenuated into a canal below ; yellowish brown, irregularly mottled or streaked with chestnut. Length, 13-25 mill. Europe. Yar. CANCELLATA, Sowb. A large form, with convex whorls; white or light purplish with a lighter central band. Yar. PUNGENS, Monts. Shell small, thick ; brownish, with white blotches. Yar. HISTRIX, Jan. Intersections of the sculpture spinose. 276 CLATHURELLA. Yar. RUDIS, Scacchi. Whorls less convex, shell thicker, apex more obtuse than the type, sculpture closer, less lamellar, canal shorter. Appears to form a connection between this species and M. purpurea. G. reticulata, Renieri (PL 18, fig. 35), and G. scabra, Jeffreys (PI. 20, fig. 79) are synonyms. C. CLATHRATA, Marcel de Serres. PL 33, fig. 68 ; PL 16, figs. 68, 70. Conspicuously latticed with coarse sculpture ; aperture large, truncate at base ; yellowish white. Mediterranean and Adriatic; W. Africa. The synonyms include G. rudis, Phil. (fig. 68) ; G. granum, Phil. ; G. quadrillum, Dujardin ; G. cancellata, Calcara, and G. Delosensis, Reeve (PL 16, figs. 68, 70.) C. LEUFROYI, Michaud. PL 18, fig. 33. Ribs strong, rounded, not crossing the slightly concave sub- sutural area, encircled by very fine stria?, which cross the ribs ; yellowish gray, under a thin yellowish brown epidermis — of which it is usually denuded, variegated by irregular chestnut blotches arranged in two broad bands on the body-whorl, and a single band on those of the spire. Length, 15-18 mill. Europe, Canary Islands. Yar. CARNOSULA, Jeffreys. Pale flesh-color. Length, 20-22 mill. Yar. ALBIDA, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. Uniform whitish. In sponges from Barbary. C. LINEARIS, Montagu. PL 18, fig. 34. Longitudinal ribs rounded, strong, crossed by rather numerous revolving lines ; yellowish *ray, the lines chestnut. . Length, 9 mill. Europe, Canary Islands. Animal sluggish, frequently turns on its back and floats at the surface of the water, as do the related species. Spawn-cases separate, hemispherical, thin, membranous, one-fifth of an inch in diameter, with a small oval hole in the centre. They are attached at the base to the inside of old bivalve shells and to other smooth surfaces. Each capsule contains from 200 to 300 fry. These are of a brown color and exquisitely reticulated, each CLATHURELLA. 277 having a single whorl, globular, and partially umbilicate, with a roundish mouth and an incomplete canal like that of lanthiita.- The fry, when in the capsule, are very restless, and gyrate fieely by means of their ciliated front lobes. — JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch., iv, 369. Yar. MAJOR, Requien. Nearly double the usual size. Yar. BREVIS, Requien. Shell short. Yar. ^EQUALIS, Jeffreys. Broader, with more rounded whorls and closer, less prominent sculpture than the type ; apex yellowish white, colored lines regularly distributed and of a paler hue, or altogether wanting. Includes vars. inter- media and pallida of Forbes and Hanley. Yar. VIOLACEA, Monts. Dark violet. Yar. RUBROLINEATA, Monts. Revolving lines red instead of chestnut. C. CONCINNA, Scacchi. PI. 34, fig. 85. Longitudinal ribs rounded, not very prominent, distant, revolving lines fine and numerous, canal very short, aperture wide, lip rather thick, smooth within, with shallow sinus ; grayish, with interrupted bands and lines of chestnut. Length, 13 mill. Mediterranean Sea. Some authors consider this a var. major of the preceding species, but it appears to be sufficiently distinct in other respects besides that of size. •*,* C. PLICATA, C. B. Ad. PI. 30, fig. 98 ; PI. ^ fig. 92. Longitudinal ribs 11-12, prominent, crossed by about the same number of strong, thread-like ridges, the intersections sometimes produced into nodules ; reddish chocolate, interior dark chocolate. Length, 6-8 mill. New England to Tampa Bay, West Coast of Florida. The shell is only whitish in dead specimens. Prof. Adams changed the name to plicosa, because Lamarck described a fossil Pleurotoma plicata ; of course, in Clathurella the original name can still be used. The synonyms include C. brunnea, Perkins, and C. Jewetti, Stearns (PL 48, fig. 92), the latter found on oysters at Tampa Bay, Fla. 278 OLATHURELLA. C. CANDIDULA, Reeve. PI. 18, figs. 24, 23, 25. Longitudinally plicate, revolving ridges rather distant, con- spicuous ; pale straw-color, lip tinged with pink. West Indies. The figure is said to be highly magnified, but the dimensions are not given. Yar. D'ORBIGNYI, Reeve (fig. 23). Longitudinal plications obsolete. Yar. CLATHRATA, Reeve (fig. 25). Light brown, variegated with reddish chestnut. C. QUADRATA, ReCVC. PL 18, fig. 31. Strongly biangulated on the body-whorl ; ribs distant, con- spicuous, revolving sculpture fine and close ; whitish or yel- lowish ; the interstices of the ribs often chestnut-color. Length, 5*5 mill. West Indies. Described by Reeve without localit^y. His figure is three times the size given above, but there are good reasons for sup- posing it to be magnified ; among them, is the fact that Prof. C. B. Adams obtained a shell in Jamaica which, except for its diminutive size, exactly corresponds with Reeve's figure. He proposed to call his species M. diminuta, in case it should prove distinct. My specimens confirm his suspicion and Krebs' con- viction that the two species are identical. C. ANGULIFERA, Reeve. PL 18, fig. 22. Bodj'-whorl biangulated, the upper and lower parts chestnut, the middle yellowish. West Indies. Dimensions not given, but greatly magnified in the figure. C. MONILIFERA, Sowb. PL 14, fig. 9 ; PL 18, fig. 43. Shell minutely reticulated ; white, tessellately painted with squares, each composed of four short parallel brown lines. Length, 5 mill. West Indies. Described as a Columbella, and included in that genus in the " Manual," v, p. 149 ; the figure, however, shows the Pleurotomid notch. P. scalpta, Reeve (PL 18, fig. 43), and P. fuscolineata, C. B. Ad., are synonyms. CLATHURELLA. 279 C. GUILDINGII, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 44. Whorls slightly concavely shouldered above, nodosely plicated beneath, transversely very closely striated ; very dark chocolate or blackish, interior same color. Length, 8 mill. West Indies. C. ANTILLARUM, d'Orbigny. PI. 20, figs. 82, 85, 88. Whitish, whorls clathrate, slightly, narrowly shouldered. Length, 5-9 mill. West Indies. I think that C. Lavalleana, d'Orb. (fig. 85), and C. Vespuc- ciana, d'Orb. (fig. 88), are synonyms. C. CARIB^EA, d'Orb. PL 20, fig. 87. Distinctly shouldered, longitudinally costate, encircled by thread-like lines ; light yellowish brown or whitish. Length, 4§5 mill. West Indies. C. ELATIOR, d'Orb. PL 20, fig. 84. Shell finely clathrate, whitish or light brown. Length, 4 mill. West Indies. C. RUBRICATA, Reeve. PL 18, fig. 29 ; PL 20, fig. 83. Very distantly ribbed, closely transversely striate ; yellowish white to chestnut-colored. Length, 6 mill. West Indies. I think C. Auberiana, d'Orb. (PL 20, fig. 83) is a synonym. C. CANDEANA, d'Orb. PL 20, fig. 93. Whitish, spire longitudinally plicate, body-whorl without sculpture except a few revolving lines at the base. Length, 4 mill. West Indies. C. MACROSTOMA, Reeve. PL 18, fig. 27. Whorls convex, spire obtuse : ribs rounded, large, close, oblique, vanishing below, aperture very narrow, sinuous ; bluish purple, lineated transversely with red. West Indies. Figure greatly magnified. C. OOCIDENTALIS, Reeve. PL 18, fig. 28. The close longitudinal ribs are nodosely decussated by narrow 19 280 CLATHURELLA. revolving ridges ; canal narrow, rather long, curved ; chestnut- brown. West Indies. Dimensions not given, but figure much magnified. C. TURBINELLOIDES, Reeve. PI. 18, fig. 26. Whorls smooth, longitudinally ribbed, ribs varicose ; whitish, banded with chocolate lines, arranged in pairs. West Indies. No dimensions given, but figure greatly magnified. C. INFLEXA, von Martens. PL 20, fig. 95. Whorls angulate in the middle, with about nine rounded ribs, and numerous revolving striae ; pink-white. Length, 5 mill. Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Said to be allied to C. Auberiana, d'Orb. A single specimen found in the stomach of a fish. C. OCCATA, Hinds. PI. 18, fig. 46. Shell light yellowish brown. Length, 10 mill. Magnetic Island, West Coast of Veragua (Hinds). C. MERITA, Hinds. PI. 18, fig. 32. Shell shortly plicately ribbed, transversely striated, angulated next the suture; yellowish, back of last whorl clouded with brown, with a brown line on the shoulder-angle. Length, 12 mill. Gulf of Nicoya, Central America (Hinds). C. SCULPTA, Hinds. PI. 17, fig. 14. Whorls rather flatly convex, ribbed longitudinally, crossed by fine revolving lines; ribs rounded, rather compressed, leaving off near the suture, outer lip externally varicose ; yellowish, banded with light brown. Length, 21 mill. Panama. Hinds' unique specimen, figured above, was not adult; I add the varicose lip from an adult before me. C. CANFIELDI, Dall. PL 20, fig. 91. Shell narrowly shouldered ; numerous indistinct longitudinal plications fade out towards the lower part of the body-whorl, about sixteen revolving ridges on the body-whorl, sinus deep ; CLATHURELLA. 281 yellowish white, without bands or with from one to three narrow chocolate bands. Length, 8 mill. Monterey, Gal. C. AFFINIS, Dall. PL 20, fig. £0. Strongly ribbed and transversely striated, narrowly shouldered; outer lip internally lirate, much thickened, with two strong den- ticulations, inner lip with four or five crenulations on the colu- mella ; livid purple, with a single white band on the middle of the body-whorl, appearing just above the suture of the penulti- mate whorl. Length, 6 mill. Cape St. Lucas, L. Gal.; San Miguel IsL, So. California. C. HAYSIANA, Angas. PL 15, fig 46. Whorls angulated, the decussating sculpture forming nodules; dull chalky gray, apex and interior of aperture purple. Length, 12 mill. New South Wales, Australia. C. RETICOSA, Adams and Angas. Ovately fusiform, fuscous, with a median white band ; whorls six, rather flat, with scarcely a sutural angle, reticulated (but not nodulous ) by sculpture ; aperture elongately ovate, lip nodosely lirate within. L. 12, diam. 5 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. " A species very similar in its general character to C. purpurea, BL, from the Mediterranean." C. TENUILIRATA, Angas. PL 16, fig. 52. Shell solid, opaque, pale brown ; longitudinal ribs eight, com- pressed, prominent, crossed by narrow, distant erect ridges, becoming sharply angular at the intersection, the entire spaces between them being very closely and regularly ornamented with fine hair-like concentric striae ; outer lip thin-edged, variced, the interior with a tubercle next the posterior sinus, which is broad and shallow. Length, 8 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. C. RJSSOIDES, Reeve. PL 27, figs. 8, 9. Shell smooth, shining, semitransparent ; first three whorls longitudinally plaited, the rest smooth, the last with a varix nearly opposite the aperture (accidental ?) • columella spirally 282 CLATHURELLA. twisted, lip rather thickened, delicately denticulated within, sinus small, distinct; whitish, washed with clouded yellow streaks, apex pink. Length, 23 mill. Isle of Ticao, Philippines, on the reefs (Cuming\ A curious shell, with which I am not acquainted. C. GRANULOSISSIMA, Tenison-Woods. PI. 32, fig. 20. Shell somewhat like C. sculptilis, but differs in having the fine spiral lirse conspicuously granular, about every fourth one being larger than the others ; color uniform pale brown ; longitudinal ribs very conspicuous ; sinus very faint. Length, 6*5 mill. N. Tasmania. Figured from a type specimen in the collection of the Royal Society of Tasmania. C. SCULPTILIS, Angas. PI. 16, fig. 51. Moderately solid, pale brown ; whorls seven, rounded, a little excavated next the sutures; with about nine rounded ribs, between which are numerous fine erect longitudinal striae, which become crescent-shaped on the flattened area below the sutures, and encircled with numerous concentric, somewhat irregular ridges, which are slightly nodulous at the intersections; outer lip varicose, slightly silicate within, sinus rather deep. Length, 8 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. C. SCULPTILIOR, Tenison-Woods. PI. 32, fig. 21. Differs from the preceding species in being smaller, without smooth subsutural space, ribs sixteen, revolving sculpture alter- nately larger and smaller, lines of growth not very visible ; brownish white. Length, 5'5 mill. Tasmania. Figured from a type in Coll. Roy. Soc. of Tasmania. C. DEBILIS, Hinds. PI. 17, fig. 10. Whorls rounded, without sutural shoulder, ribs small, close, extending to the sutures, crossed by revolving striae ; yellowish, darker between the ribs. Length, 11 mill. New Guinea, Straits of Macassar (Hinds) ; Darnley Isl., Australia (Brazier). CLATHURELLA. 283 C. oxYCLATHRUS, Martens. PL 16, fig. 49. Whorls clathrate by distant longitudinal and revolving lirae, forming nodes at the intersections, interstices finely cancellate ; sinus narrow and deep; light yellowish brown. Length, 1 inch. New Guinea. C. CUMINGII, Powis. PI. 26, fig. 76 ; PL 23, fig. 90. Ribs slightly nodulous, columella spirally plaited, canal very short and slightly recurved ; lip somewhat thin, without external varix, sinus small, distinct ; pale orange-brown with small deeper- colored spots, the revolving striae white. Length, 34 mill. Grimwood's Island ; Philippines. C. albibalteata, Reeve (PL 23, f. 90), appears to be a slight variation only in coloring and sculpture from the type. C. TRITONOIDES, Reeve. PL 23, fig. 91. Delicately cancellated with very finely nodulous longitudinal ribs and elevated transverse striae ; lip thickened, sinus small ; yellowish brown, obscurely banded with white in the middle. Length, 23 mill. Philippines (C tuning). C. FENESTRATA, ReCVC. PL 26, fig. 83. Shell thin, pellucid, whorls latticed throughout with rather distant superficial ridges, lip simple, sinus rather broad ; trans- parent white, faintly stained with orange. Length, 10 mill. Philippines, coral sand at 9 fms. (Cuming). The Messrs. Adams place this in Daphnella on account of its thin lip, a feature which I suppose to be due to juvenility, as the shell has the facies of a Clathurella. C. OCTANGULA, Dunker. PL 16, fig. 50. Shell solid, obtusely shouldered, strongly ribbed, transversely sutistriate ; yellowish white, with an interrupted chestnut band. Length, 10 mill. C. SINCLAIRI, E. A. Smith. PL 34, fig. 91. Japan. Spiral striae close, most apparent in the interstices of the ribs ; pale brown or purplish brown, with a central pale spiral band. Length, 11 mill. New Zealand. First described by Prof. F. W. Hutton as G. Letourneuxiana, 284 CLATHURELLA. Crosse. Subsequently, ascertaining that it is distinct from that species, he named it C. luteofasciata, Reeve — from which it is also distinct. Mr. Gillies calls it as above. C. FUSCOBALTEATA, Smith. PI. 25, fig. 59. Yellowish, pale violet or lilac towards the apex, banded with light brown, one band at the top of the whorls darker than the rest ; ribs about sixteen, crossed by fine lirae ; lip thickened within and exteriorly, thin at the extreme edge, smooth interiorly, sinus sutural, small. Length, 12 mill. Japan. C. SUBZONATA, Smith. PI. 25, fig. 56. Light yellowish brown, more or less distinctly medianly banded, with opaque white lines interrupted by dark brown dots or short lines, sometimes marked with opaque white streaks just beneath the suture, and with a second less apparent transverse band around the lower part of the body-whorl ; ribs sixteen, crossed by spiral lirae ; lip moderately thickened, smooth within, with a small sutural sinus. Length, 17 mill. Japan. C. CANALICULATA, ReCVC. PL It, fig. 9. Ovately turreted, suture of the spire channeled, whorls finely latticed with raised striae, sinus large ; whitish. Length, 9 mill. Hob. unknown. A light elegantly formed shell, contracted at the base. C. ROBILLARDI, Barclay. PL 16, fig. 55. Shell thin, white, with distant, thin, ridge-like ribs, and distant revolving lirse, more closely striate at the base. Length, 1 inch. Mauritius. C. BICOLOR, Angas. PL 16, fig. 61. Rather solid, light yellowish brown, the sutures, lower half of the body-whorl and interior of aperture reddish chestnut ; whorls very narrowly, obtusely shouldered; longitudinal ribs close, crossed by revolving striae; outer lip thin, denticulated within, strongly varicose externally, sinus rather broad and deep. Length, 7-12 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. It is possible that Drillia vexillum, Reeve, is identical with this species, and if so, that name has priority. CLATHURELLA. 285 C. ALBOCINCTA, Angas. PL 17, fig. 84. Moderately solid ; reddish brown, with a rather broad white band on the middle of the body-whorl, visible on the spire ; lip thickened, dentate within. Length, 5 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. C. ZONULATA, Angas. PL 17, fig. 89. Rather solid, light brown, banded with ashy gray below the sutures and towards the base of the last whorl, encircled with rather distant fine brown lines ; longitudinally nodosely plicate, transversely closely lirate ; lip thin, varicose, sinus moderate. Length, 8 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. C. RUFOZONATA, Angas. PL 17, fig. 100. Shell solid, white, sometimes with a zone of double interrupted chestnut lines near the base of the body-whorl, similar markings being apparent here and there near the upper portion of the whorls ; ribs nodose. Length, 5 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. C. PUSTULATA, Angas. PL 17, fig. 85. Moderately solid, whorls rounded, white, irregularly longi- tudinally flamed with chestnut on the upper whorls, with two broad brown bands on the last whorl ; sinus rather broad and shallow. Length, 7 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. May be at once recognized by the stout granules at the base of the pillar. C. MODESTA, Angas. PL 17, fig. 92. Solid, fulvous brown; intersections of sculpture nodulous; columella with a few strong granulations at the base. Length, 5 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. Closely allied to and perhaps identical with G. granulosissima, Tenison-Woods. C. BRENCHLEYI, Angas. PL 17, fig 93. Shell moderately solid, light brown, inclining to ash-color towards the apex ; aperture tinged with brown. Length, 18 mill. N. S. Wales, Australia. 286 CLATHURELLA. C. GBACILISPIRA, E. A Smith. PL 17, fig. 94. Light yellowish brown, faintly banded with chestnut between the ribs on the upper part of the whorls, and stained with chestnut below the middle of the body-whorl. Length, 15 mill. Japan. More slender, the whorls more convex, the extremities more lengthened and attenuated than C. bicolor, Angas. C. LETOURNEUXIANA, Crosse. PL 17, figs. 87, 86 ; PL 34, fig. 99. Yellowish brown, or light reddish brown. Length, 12 mill. New South Wales; Tasmania. Yar. LALLEMANTIANA, Crosse. PL 17, fig. 86. Two of the revolving lines more prominent, ridge-like. G. incrusta, Tenison-Woods (PL 34, fig. 99), is a smaller shell, 7 mill., with two of the revolving striae more prominent (on the body-whorl 8-9), slightly keel-like. I figure it from a specimen sent to me by Mr. C. E. Beddome, of Tasmania. I believe it to be a S3rnonym of G. Letourneuxiana, var., one of my specimens of the latter exhibiting a transition from the normal type with equal revolving sculpture to the form with two more prominent lines. C. PYRAMIDULA, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 20. Closely latticed with small numerous flexuous longitudinal ribs and revolving striae, a narrow shoulder below the sutures ; body- whorl somewhat truncated at the base ; yellowish brown, or yellowish white. Length 11 mill. Habitat unknown (Reeve); New Guinea (Brazier). C. NAGASAKIENSIS, Smith. PI, 19, fig. 71. Yellowish brown ; closely sculptured by longitudinal numerous ribs and spiral striae ; a very slight concave constriction below the sutures ; aperture rather small, light brown within, outer lip thin. Length, 17 mill. Japan. Has the appearance of immaturity. C. MUTICA, Hinds. PL 34, fig. 98. Not ribbed, transversely striate ; yellowish brown, with longi- tudinal chestnut strigations and a median white band, chestnut at the base. Length, 15 mill. Straits of Malacca, 17 fms., mud (Hinds). CLATHURELLA. 28 7 C. SCALARIS, Hinds. PI. 16, fig. 78. Ribs rounded, but narrower than represented by the figure, running into the suture,.like the lamellae of Scalaria, closely trans- versely striate, whorls convex, with well-impressed sutures; light yellowish brown, with a narrow indistinct chestnut zone below the' middle of the body-whorl. Length, 9 mill. Straits of Macassar, coarse sand, 12 fms. (Hinds). C. AMABILIS, Hinds. PI. IT, fig. 6. Ribs few, distant, narrow, revolving striae fine and close ; pale orange-brown, last whorl with a narrow white band, suture orna- mented with white spots. Length, 16 mill. Straits of Malacca, 17 fms., mud (Hinds). Very closely allied to the preceding species, but larger, with less numerous ribs. C. NEXA, Reeve*. PI. 16, fig. 69. Whorls rounded, plicately ribbed, encircled with fine narrow cords, becoming nodulous on crossing the ribs ; lip flattened, sinus broad - whitish, stained with chestnut, the cords darker chestnut or chocolate. Length, 12-15 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Viti Islands (Garrett). C. PHILIPPINENSIS, Reeve. PL 16, fig. 81. Tentricose, rather transparent, white, longitudinally ribbed, ribs very delicate, rather compressed, somewhat distant, and variously painted with black or chestnut and opaque-white. Length, 14 mill. Philippines, under stones, at low-water (Cuming). I suspect that this will prove to be a color-variety of the pre- ceding species. C. GRANICOSTATA, Reeve. PI. 16, fig. 80 ; PI. 17, fig. 88. Yellowish or blush-brown, with a white band above the middle, the nodules darker-colored. Length, 9-13 mill. Viti Islands (Garrett) ; Mauritius (Robillard). C. rufinodis, Martens (fig. 88), is a synonym. 288 CLATHURELLA. C. METCALFIANA, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 17. Shell ovate, rather thick, with close revolving elevated striae, longitudinally somewhat obsoletely grooved towards the apex ; white, painted with two bands of reddish brown spots. Length, 8 mill. Habitat unknown. C. FORAMINATA, Reeve. PI. 17, fig. 7. Yery closely latticed with narrow longitudinal and transverse striae ; yellowish. Length, 6 mill. Hob. unknown. C. FIMBRIATA, Hinds, PL 16, fig. 82. Longitudinally closely , nuinerousjy laminate, the laminee short, flexuous, dentate ; lip crenulated, reflected, sinus very small ; pale reddish brown, with a central white, narrow band. Length, 9 mill. New Guinea. C. PARVULA, Reeve. PL 16, fig. 72. Whorls rather swollen, longitudinally ribbed, transversely very minutely ridged ; pale yellowish brown. Length, 6 mill. ? Habitat unknown. Reeve gives no dimensions, but his figure is probably magnified three times — as are most of the others upon the same plate. C. FOVEOLATA, Reeve. PL 16, fig. 73. Reticulated with strong elevated ridges, granose at the inter- sections ; white. Length, 5 mill. Habitat unknown. u The interstices of the reticulations are peculiarly deeply pitted." C. REFLEX A, Reeve. PL 16, fig. 74. Shell Triton-shaped, longitudinally ribbed, transversely strongly ridged ; aperture rather long, sinuous, lip reflexed, denticulated within; whitish, tinged with chestnut between the ribs. Length, 7 mill. Hab. unknown (Reeve) ; N. Guinea (Brazier). C. BILINEATA, Angas. PL 17, fig. 4. Whorls angulate above, coarsely longitudinally ribbed and transversely ridged, the interstices very finely decussately striated ; posterior sinus very shallow ; pale straw-color or light CLATHURELLA. 289 brown, nearly white round the aperture and at the base, with a narrow chestnut band just below the suture, and a second between the periphery and base of the last whorl. Length, 4 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. C. BICARINATA, Pease. PL IT, fig. 90. Shell white, decussately striated, the body-whorl with two, the spire-whorls with one stout revolving keel, crenulated on the edge ; sinus a very narrow deep slit terminating in a round hole, Length, 10 mill. Islands. 0. CARINULATA, Souverbie. PL 17, fig. 95. Longitudinally obscurely ribbed, and transversely striated, ribs disappearing tp. wards the base, where the striae become stronger ; body-whorl tricarinate, those of the spire bicarinate, caririae nodulous ; whitish, maculated with yellowish chestnut. Length, 8 mill. New Caledonia. C. TRICARTNATA, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 15 ; PL 26, fig. 91. Shell finely decussated by raised striae, last whorl three-, upper ones one-keeled ; white. Length, 12 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Japan (Dunker). Mr. Garrett writes to me that this = the unfigured Purpura exilis, Dunker, from the Yiti Islands. See Manual, ii, 176. I think M. lactea, Reeve (PL 26, fig. 91). is a larger specimen of the same species. C. HINDSII, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 12. White, faintly variegated with pale brown ; last whorl with four distant revolving ridges, the others with two, delicately cancellated with numerous compressed smaller ribs. Figure slightly magnified. Philippines. C. PULCHERRIMA, H. Adams. PL 17, fig. 99. Clathrate by three revolving ridges, and longitudinal lines ; whitish ; whorls four, convex, the last subventricose. Length, 7 mill. New Hebrides. 290 CLATHURELLA. C. PUNCTICINCTA, Reeve. PI. 16, fig. 79. Longitudinally rather obscurely plicated, interstices very minutely striated, sinus rather large; whitish, with an inter- rupted band of chestnut on the periphery, coloring the interstices of the ribs so as to form a circle of spots. Length, 8 mill. Hab. unknown. C. EETUSA, Hinds. PL 16, fig. 83. Ribs rounded, close, forming a coronal on the shoulder-angle, crossed by revolving striae ; orange-brown, purplish at the apex. Length, 8 mill. Straits of Macassar, sand at 8 fms. (Hinds). C. EXIMIA, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 5. Shell with narrow longitudinal lamellae, fimbriated by the intersection of revolving sculpture ; sinus rather indistinct, canal slightly twisted. Length, 18 mill. Philippines, under stones at low-water (Cuming), I am not acquainted with this Trophon-like species. The sinus, though somewhat indistinct, is fully sufficient, according to Reeve, to place it in the Pleurotomidse. C. SEMIGRANOSA, Reeve. PL 11, fig. 98. Whorls concave round the upper part, nodosely ribbed in the middle, granulated beneath ; whitish, encircled round the lower part with an orange band. Length, 8 mill. Hab. unknown. C. CAVERNOSA, Reeve. PL 17, fig. 10 ; PL 19, fig. 69. Slightly angulated above, longitudinally distantly ribbed, latticed with narrow raised revolving ridges, cavernously grooved near the base ; chestnut, lighter on the ridges. Length, 6-7 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Viti Is. (Garrett). C. infrasulcata, Garrett (PL 19, f. 69), is a synonym: the figure does not represent the type specimen nearly as well as does that of Reeve. C. MICANS, Hinds. PL 17, fig. 8. Chestnut-color, with small, rather sharp, whitish, oblique ribs, fading towards the suture ; back of last whorl smooth ; lip thin, acute, smooth within. Length, 8 mill. Gulf of Papagayo, mud at 14 fms. (Hinds). . casta, Reeve, not Hinds. 306 DAPHNELLA. D. OLYRA, Reeve. PL 26, fig. 97. Thin, somewhat transparent, spire short; smooth or obsoletely striated ; snowy white, apex rose-color. Length, 12 mill. Habitat unknown. This may be a worn specimen of the next species, which, if so, will become a synonym. D. COMPTA, Ad. and Angas. PI. 25, fig. 49. Spire and upper part of body-whorl longitudinally plicate, crossed by fine close revolving lines, lip acute, unarmed, widely but not deeply sinuous behind ; light yellowish or whitish, maculated more or less with chestnut. Length, 12 mill. 8. Australia, Described as a Cithara, and the lip said to be externally varicose, but in the specimens before me the lip, although thick except on its edge, shows no varix, and none would be anticipated on a shell of this character. A shell sent to me from Tasmania as representing the unfigured D. varix, Tenison-Woods, appears to belong to this species, and judging from the description it must be either a synonym or very closely allied. D. URNULA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 97. Yentricose, longitudinally ribbed, spirally elevately striated; chestnut-brown. Length, 5 mill, Habitat unknown. "A curious little ventripose shell which seems scarcely to have arrived at maturity." Unfigured species, probably belonging to Daphnella. D. LEUCOPHLEGMA, Dall (Caribbean), D. LIMACINA, Ball (Carib- bean [Dall], Martha's Vineyard, Mass. [Yerrill]). D. CLATHRATA, Gabb. Catalina Id., Cal. D. EFFUSA, Carpenter, h. 3'J. Neeah Bay. D. MAGELLANICA, Phil. Straits of Magellan. D. CANCELLATA, Hutton. New Zealand. D. KINGENSIS, Petterd. King's Id., Bass Straits. D. PURA, Gould (Hong Kong) ; D. CONCINNA, Gould (Loo Choo) ; D. DELUTA, Gould ( China Seas). D. TASMANICA, D. IMMACULATA, D. HARRISONI (Tenison-Woods). Tasmania. DAPHNELLA. 307 D. INCINCTA, Watson (Azores) ; D. COMPSA, Watson (Fiji 7s4 •- D. AULACOESSA, Watson (between Cape York, Australia, and Neiv Guinea). D. SANDWICENSIS, D. MACULOSA, D. INTERRUPTA, Pease. Sandwich Isles. D. GEALEI, D. TENUIOLATHRATA, D. TENELLA, Smith. Habitat unknown. D.BUTLERI, Smith (Philippines)-, D. SUPERCOSTATA, Smith (Japan); D. SOUVERBIEI, Smith ( W. Australia) ; D. MACANDREWI, Smith (Persian Gulf). Section RAPHTTOMA, Bellardi. D. NUPERRIMA, Tiberi. PL 22, fig. 49. Rather thin, with about twelve distant, small longitudinal riblets, crossed by distant raised lines. Length, 12 mill. Mediterranean Sea, rare. It is 1). decussata, Phil., and several authors have also referred it to the PI. hispidula, Jan ; but that fossil form has the spiral sculpture more prominent. D. NEBULA, Montagu. PI. 21, figs. 20, 11 ; PI. 33, fig. 56 ; PL 30, fig. 86. Longitudinally ribbed, crossed by spiral striae ; sinus broad and shallow ; chestnut or horny brown, interior similarly colored. Length, 12 mill. Norway, Mediterranean, Canary Is., W. Coast of Africa. The following forms or varieties have been distinguished : Var. GINNANNIA, Risso. Ribs larger and stronger, yet the revolving sculpture is well marked. Mostly Mediterranean. This is not the P. Ginnannia of Reeve's Iconica. Var. L^EVIGATA, Phil. (fig. 11). Elongated, with the ribs not so prominent, and sometimes nearly obsolete, the revolving striae faint. Reeve's figure, which I have copied, is inac- curate, as it ought to show some traces of longitudinal ribs ; it is magnified three times. Jeffrey's figure (PL 33, fig. 66) represents a transitional form. Var. COSTULATA, Risso. Ribs narrower, continuing to the base of the body-whorl. 308 DAPHNELLA. Var. ELONGATA, Jeffreys. Elongated, larger than the type. Yar. PALLIDA, Monts. Yellowish white. Yar. RUFULA, Monts. Reddish chestnut. Yar. FASCIATA, Monts. Yellowish, with a chestnut zone. (= laevigata). Var. MEDIOFASCIATA, Maltzan. PI. 30, fig. 86. D. FUSCATA, Desh., is possibly a variety. D. BBACHYSTOMA, Phil. PI. 22, fig. 45; PL 21, fig. 21; PL 18, fig. 45. Slightly, narrowly shouldered, with 7-9 narrow ribs extending from the shoulder to the base, and wider interspaces ; whole surface covered with revolving striae ; yellowish white, orange or occasionally deep reddish brown, paler specimens sometimes indistinctly brown-banded below the periphery. Length, 6-8 mill. Europe. The synonym}*- includes D. Cycladensis, Forbes (t. 21, f. 21), D. granulifera, Brugn., D. tiarula, Loven, and perhaps D. Forbesii, Reeve (PL 18, fig. 45). D. TURGIDA, Forbes. PL 21, figs. 25, 29, 7. Longitudinal ribs few, strong, rounded, wider than the inter- stices, crossed by revolving lines, ribs disappearing towards the base of the body-whorl ; chocolate-brown. Length, 7'5 mill. Mediterranean Sea, W. Africa. The synonymy includes D. nana, Scacchi, not Desh. — the latter a fossil form, D. fortis, Forbes (fig. 29), D. JEgeensis, Forbes (fig. 7). D. ATTENUATA, Montagu. PL 21, fig. 24. Ribs nine, narrow, flexuous, with wider interspaces, spirally slightly and finely striate ; pale tawny, the upper part and middle of the body-whorl often banded, or the lower half of the body-whorl darker -colored, sometimes there are several narrow revolving chestnut lines. Length, 12-15 mill. Europe, Teneriffe. Several authors have referred Murex aciculatus, Lam., to this species, but I believe it to be an Ocinebra. D. Villiersii, DAPHNELLA. 309 Michaud, D. gracilis, Scacchi, D. Payraudeauti, Weinkauff (rmt- Deshayes), and perhaps D. Bivonse and D. Valenciennesii, Maravigna, and D. vulpina, Bivona, are also referred to this species. D. COSTULATA, Blainv. PI. 21, figs. 19, 23. Narrowly but distinctly shouldered, ribs 9-10, crossed by fine revolving lines, which are almost microscopic ; buff or pale yellow, sometimes with a chestnut band on the periphery, or below the suture, or with several narrower bands. Length, 12-15 mill. Europe, Madeira. The synonyms are D. *>triolata, Scacchi (fig. 19), D. Loeviana, Forbes (fig. 23), D. Smithii, Forbes, D. elegans, Brown, D. Far- ranii, Thompson, and possibly D. fenestrata, Desh., D. Steveni, Krynicki, and D. costulata, Cantraine. The latter was supposed identical with Columbella Haliseeti, Jeffreys (Manual, v, 160, t. 56, f. 77), with which opinion that author himself agreed, until recently (Zool. Proc., 392, 1883) — when he refers it to the present species. D. SEMICOLON, S. Wood. PI. 4, fig. 56. Strongly shouldered, forming a carinated and tuberculated periphery, with well-marked sculpture. Length, 10 mill. Mediterranean^ Shetland Islands, North Sea. Reported in a recent state by Dr. Jeffreys, from the above localities, under the name of D. galerita, Phil, (figured), but that species, a Sicilian fossil, appears to differ. The figure given by Jeffreys corresponds with that of D. semicolon, in Wood's Crag Mollusca sufficiently to justify Monterosato in uniting the two species. D. MINUTA, Forbes. PI. 21, fig. 16. Shell strongly ribbed, distantly spirally striate ; reddish brown. Length, 5 mill. jEgean Sea. Perhaps a variety of D. turgida, Forbes. D. ABYSSICOLA, Forbes. PI. 21, fig. 15. Ribs strong, crossed by rather distant raised striae ; chocolate- brown. Length, 4 mill. jEgean Sea. 310 DAPHNELLA. D. SENEGALENSIS, Maltzan. PI. 30, fig. 89. Shell with ten, straight, subcompressed ribs, finely reticulated; spire subturreted, with impressed sutures; lip acute, the sinus slightly emarginated ; brownish, lower part of body-whorl }Tel- lowish white. Length, 5 mill. Isl. Goree, W. Coast of Africa. D CERTNA, Kurtz and Stimpson. PI. 22, fig. 43 ; PI. 34, fig. 100. Yellowish white, columella sometimes tinged with black; sur- face covered by very fine revolving lines crossing the ribs. Length, 7 mill. New England to Tampa Bay, Fla., mostly Southern in distribution. D. atrostyla, Ball, MS. (PI. 34, fig. 100), is a slight variety, with dark columella, from W. Coast of Florida. D. CABPENTERT, Yerrill and Smith. PI. 13, fig. 62. Scarcely shouldered, with about twelve short flexuous longi- tudinal ribs and no spiral sculpture ; white or pale yellow, often with darker brownish yellow ribs. Length, 7 mill. New England. D. ACCINCTA, Montagu. PL 18, fig. 37. Shell slightly shouldered, longitudinally obliquely ribbed, very closely spirally striated ; white, with sometimes an orange-brown band below the periphery. Length, 7 mill. West Indies. Described by Montagu as British — an error repeated b}^ Reeve, where D. Forthiensis is assigned to the Frith of Forth. D. INTERFOSSA, Carpenter. PL 22, fig. 57. Scarcely, very narrowly shouldered, with about fifteen narrow longitudinal ribs, separated by wider interspaces, and the same number of spiral lirae, forming subquadrangular pits between the sculpture ; reddish brown. Length, 10 mill. Vancouver's Isl. Figured from a small specimen. D. FUNEBRALE, Dall. Reddish black, slender, acuminate ; whorls 7-8, rather rounded ; aperture elongate, narrow, canal short, slightly recurved ; inner lip and columella smooth ; sinus almost imperceptible; sculpture DAPHNELLA. 311 of fine rounded grooves, about'fifteen on the body-whorl, sepa- rating evenly rounded ridges about twice as broad as the grooves; these are crossed by about twelve longitudinal rounded ribs, obsolete anteriorly. Length, '46 inch. Sitka, Alaska. Described from a single specimen and referred to Mangilia with doubt. Not figured. D. POLITA, Hinds. PI. 20, fig. 97. White, polished, angularly ribbed, seven-sided, lip simple, sinus small. Length, 16 mill. Straits of Macassar, coarse sand, 7 fms. (Hinds). D. FULGURANS, Krauss. PL 22, fig. 59. With about eleven narrow longitudinal ribs, short on the body- whorl, with revolving striss towards the base ; sinus scarcely apparent; white, with angular chestnut markings. Length, 6 mill. Cape of Good Hope ; in the byssus of Pinna. D. ^RUGINOSA, Reeve. PI. 23, fig. 100. Longitudinally ribbed, the interstices with very minute spiral striae ; yellowish white, with a sutural chestnut line, more or less interrupted, a middle line on the body-whorl, interrupted by the ribs, below which the whorl is often stained a darker color, and sometimes an inferior interrupted chestnut line. Length, 10 mill. Hob. unknown (Reeve) ; Indian Ocean ? D. PESSULATA, Reeve. PI. 21, figs. 36, 37. Ribs more or less distant, crossed by somewhat obsolete spiral stride ; lip thin, sinus small ; yellowish or ash-color. Length, 12-15 mill. Philippines (Cuming) ; Australia (Brazier). D. VINCENTINA, Crosse. PL 17, fig. 91. Ribs narrow, distant, crossed by distant spiral lirae, which become more crowded towards the base ; sinus shallow ; light yellowish brown. Length, 7 mill. Gulf of St. Vincent, Australia. D. JACKSONENSIS, Angas. PL 22, fig. 73. With somewhat prominent longitudinal ribs, slightly nodulous at the angle of the shoulder, the interstices crossed by narrow 312 DAPHNELLA. grooved lines in pairs ; sinus very shallow, pale fulvous yellow. Length, 14 mill. Port Jackson, Australia. Unfigured species of the section Eaphitoma. D. CALCARATA, Grat. (D. ETRUSCA, Tiberi). Mediterranean Sea. Probably exotic, according to Monterosato. D. NODULOSA, Jeffreys ; D. FUSIFORMIS, Requien ; both Mediter- ranean. D. LITHOCOLLETA, D. LiNCTA, Watson. West Indies. D. IPARA, D. COMATROPIS, D. BANDELLA, D. ANTONJA, D.'POUR- TALESII, D. COLUMBELLA, D. PELAGIA, D. LISSOTROPIS, Dall. Caribbean Sea. D. TABULATA, D. CREBRicosTATA, D. ANGULATA, Carpenter. W. Coast U. S. D. DEMPSTA, Gould. China Seas. D. ALTERNATA, D. ST. GALL^:,and Yar. BENEuiCTi,Tenison-Woods. Tasmania. Section BELLARDIELLA, Fischer. D. GRACTLIS, Mont. PL 18, fig. 38. Whorls very narrowty, concavely shouldered below the sutures, with curved longitudinal ribs crossed by fine, close revolving striae ; pale 3Tellowish brown, with a narrow lighter central band, sometimes bordered by a chestnut band on the lower side. Length, 25 mill. Europe, Canary Islands. Body white, closely but irregularly speckled with pink and flake-white ; pallial tube somewhat extensile, usually short ; head bulbous ; tentacles extremely short — mere points above the eyes, below the eyes they are cylindrical and stout ; eyes proportionally large, on long stalks conjoined with the tentacles ; foot rounded in front, with small angular corners, pointed behind. It is D. emarginata, Donovan ; D. oblonga, Brocchi ; D. Comar- mondi, Michaud ; D. suturalis, Bronn ; D. pelorius, Chier. ; D. sinuosa, Couch; Z>. Branscombi, Clark; and D.fallax, Forbes— the two latter juveniles. DAPHNELLA. 313 Section TERES, Bucq., Dautz. et Dollf. D. ANCEPS, Eichwald. PI. 18, fig. 39 ; PL 32, fig. 31. Shell encircled by spiral ridges, of which there are from 20 to 25 on the body-whorl, frequently alternately larger and smaller ; light yellowish brown, usually irregularly spotted with chestnut, forming interrupted longitudinal streaks. Length, 8-15 mill. Norway to Mediterranean, Madeira and Canaries. Var. CONCOLOR is without the chestnut spots. The synonymy includes D. teres, Forbes, a name under which it is perhaps more extensively known. Reeve's figure of teres (PI. 18, f. 39) being very bad, I add another, from Forbes and Hanley (PI. 32, f. 31). Other synonyms are D. La Vise, Calcara ; D. borealis, Loven ; D. fusiformis, Requien ; D. polyzonatum, Brugnone, and D. Barbieri, Brusina. D. AM(ENA. Sars. PL 20, fig. 86. Shell thin, pellucid, interstices of the revolving ridges longi- tudinally striate, lip-sinus profound ; light brownish. Length, 8 mill. Arctic Norway. Section ZAFRA, A. Adams. There appears to be much uncertainty as to the limits of this group. Adams himself includes the West Indian minute Clathu- relloe discovered by d'Orbigny and figured by Reeve on PL 39 of the Conch. Icon., although they do not appear to me to pos- sess any characters apart from ordinary Clathurellae. As will be seen below, there are differences of opinion as to some of the other species. D. MITR^EFORMIS, A. Adams. Whorls six-and-a-half, rather flat, longitudinally ribbed, the plicae somewhat distant, oblique ; last whorl constricted in front and obliquely sulcate ; white, with an obscure chestnut band at the sutures, the last whorl with a narrow chestnut band on the periphery, and chestnut-tinted at the base. Japan. Not figured. Columbella zonata, Gould (Manual, v, 172), also unfigured, is doubtfully referred here by Mr. E. A. Smith. If identical, it has priority of two months in publication. 314 DAPHNELLA. D. SUBVITREA, Smith. PI. 34, fig. 83. Ribs about eleven, disappearing a little below the middle of the body- whorl, the lower extremity of which is obliquety five or six striate, the two or three uppermost striae wider apart than the rest ; subpellucid, white, with a thin indistinct brown line, inter- rupted by the costae around the lower part of the whorls, and a transparent pellucid zone at the top, with a second band or series of short flames just below the middle of the last whorl, which is stained with brown at the extremity. L. 4, width 1*5 mill. Japan. Dunker (Index Moll. Mar. Japan, 26) refers this shell to Columbella — in which I think he is correct. D. POLITA, G. and H. Nevill. Smooth, white, with two bands of irregular opaque white flakes on each whorl, four on the last. Length, 3'5 mill. Mauritius. Described as a Zafra, but I think it may be referred to Colum- bella. If a Pleurotomid the specific name will need to be changed. D. SEMISCULPTA, G. and H. Nevill. PI. 34, figs. 14, 15. Ribs about twice as broad as their interstices (represented as narrower on the figures), obsolete on the back of the last whorl, which is transversely striated at its base ; outer lip scarcely thickened or reflected, not as long as the columella, slightly emarginate at junction with the last whorl; horny brown throughout. Length, 3 mill. Burmah. Appears to me to be an Anachis, in Columbellidse, although described as a Zafra. D. PUPOIDEA, H. Adams. PI. 34, fig. 92. Numerously longitudinally ribbed, sinus short and wide ; white, with a broad chestnut band below the periphery, and tinged with chestnut at the base. Length, 7 mill. New Hebrides. DAPHNELLA. 315 Section THESBIA, Jeffreys. D. NANA, Loven. PL 32, fig. 28. Encircled by numerous punctate impressed lines ; milk-white. Length, 6 mill. Northern Europe — Arctic. Dr. Jeffreys (Brit. Conch., iv, 359) refers to this species Columbella rosacea, Gould (Manual, v, 160), a shell which does not appear to me to be nearly related to it. Unfigured Species of Section Thesbia. The following are described by Rev. R. Boog Watson : D. TRANSLUCIDA (Kerguelen IsL), D. ERITIMA ( Tristao da Gunha), D. CORPULENTA (Kerguelen IsL), D. PLATAMODES (ditto), D. PAPYRAOEA (ditto), D. PRUINA (Azores), D. MONOCEROS (S. W. of Sierra Leone), D. DYSCRITA (St. Thomas, W. L), D. BRYCHIA (Lai. 1° 47f N., long. 24° 26' W., Mid- Atlantic, 1850 fms.). Section TARANIS, Jeffreys, 1870. D. MORCHI, Malm. PL 29, fig. 66. Periphery strongly, tubercularly angled, the shoulder above it sloping, below the periphery there are several raised cinguli forming inferior carinations, crossed throughout by flexuous, narrow longitudinal plications ; whitish. Length, 4*5 mill. Norway to Mediterranean Sea ; off Newport, R. /., 365 fms. (Verrill) ; Gulf of Mexico, 805 fms. (Dall). It is Pleurotoma demersum, Brugnone (not Bellardi), and Bela demersa, Tiberi. D. PULCHELLA, Yerrill. PL 29, fig. 63. A smaller species than the preceding, not so sharply angu- lated, the carinse sharp but not nodulous, those on the body- whorl six in number, besides one or two on the canal. Length, 2-20 mill. Off Martha's Vineyard, 487 fms., one specimen. Dr. Dall thinks this may be included in the preceding species, as European specimens of D. Morchi sent to him by Dr. Jeffreys and Prof. Sars, appear to agree with it pretty well. 316 DAPHNELLA. D. TURRITISPIRA, E. A. Smith (unfigured). Japan. D. L^EVISCULPTA, Monterosato (unfigured). Mediterranean Sea. Section PLEUBOTOMELLA, Verrill, 1872. D. PACKARDII, Verrill. PI. 29, fig. 59. Spiral striae faint or strong, the ribs low and narrow ; pale yellowish brown or salmon, the nucleus darker. Length, 21'5 mill. Gulf of Maine (85-110 fms.) ; off Cape Cod, Mass. (96 fms.). D. AGASSIZII, Yerrill and Smith. PI. 29, fig. 58. More solid and rugosely sculptured than the preceding species ; sinus wide, rather deep, rounded, a little below the suture ; usually white when fresh, sometimes pink or pale yellow, often stained with dark ash-gray ; columella often white, but usually tinged with brown. Length, 31 mill. Off Newport, R. /., and S. of Martha's Vineyard; off Delaware Bay, 65 to 500 fms. D. PANDIONIS, Verrill. PI. 29, fig. 62. Waxy white, tinged with pale orange-brown, with a faint white band on the middle of the body-whorl, and another below the suture, sometimes stained gray or brown. Length, 43 mill. Martha's Vineyard; 238-312 fms. D. VERRILLII, Ball (unfigured). 360 fms., Caribbean. D. SIGSBEI, Ball (unfigured). 640-1568 fms., Caribbean. D. CIRCINATA, Dall. PI. 6, fig. 76. Shell slender, elongate, covered with a brownish epidermis ; whorls six, evenly rounded, but with a sharp carina, above which they are smooth, whilst below it they are grooved, with wider interspaces ; notch deep, about one-third of the way from the carina to the suture. L. 3 inches, cliam. 1 inch. Alaska. Described as a Surcula from a dead specimen found on the beach at Nateekin Bay, Unalashka. The subsequently described, but unfigured PL insignis, Jeffreys, of which ten living specimens were obtained by the Vega Expedition in the Siberian Sea, appears to be a synonym. These had no operculum ^therefore DAPHNELLA. 317 the species cannot be a Surcula. I place it here temporarily, but it is not unlikely that a new group, perhaps a genus, will need to be made for it. Section MITROMORPHA, A. Ad., 1865. D. FILOSA, Carpenter. PI. 25, fig. 63. Equally spirally lirate throughout, lip scarcely sinuous, with about a dozen minute internal denticles ; purple-black, or choco- late-color, without and within. Length, 5-6 mill. So. California, Lower California. D. ASPERA, Carpenter. PI. 25, figs. 61, 62. Spirally lirate and longitudinally closely costulate, the inter- sections forming a roughly asperated surface ; reddish brown. Length, 3-5 mill. S. California, Lower California. Var. GRACILIOR, Hemphill. Fig. 62. Decussation not so deep, so that the surface is smoother, the tuberculation smaller ; sometimes the clathration of the body- whorl is only seen on the upper portion, the longitudinal costulse becoming obsolete below. Length, 4-5 mill. D. EFFUSA, Carpenter. Shell graceful, much effused, reddish brown ; whorls narrow, elongate, sutures impressed ; spirally striate, decussated by growth-lines ; lip thin, scarcely sinuate ; reddish brown. L. 15*5 mill, diam. 5*5 mill. Neeah Bay, Washington Terr. Described from a single broken specimen (not figured \ D. LIRATA, A. Adams. Shell whitish or light brownish, mitriform, acuminated below, spire and aperture of equal length ; normal whorls five, convex, transversely lirate, the lirae about equal and equidistant ; aperture narrow, columella arcuately truncate, with an anterior incon- spicuous plication, lip smooth within, margin crenulated. Japan. "A variety or allied species has the whorls longitudinally plicate, and some of the transverse lirae corrugate or undulated." No figure ; dimensions not given. D. FLORIDANA, Dall. PI. 34, fig. 12. Cancellated by longitudinal and spiral sculpture, the inter- sections nodulous, suture distinct, not channeled, outer lip thick, 318 HALIA. lirate posteriorly, inner lip transversely quadruplicate, the pos- terior plait strongest ; chocolate-colored. Length, 6 mill. Key West, Fla., on the reefs at low-tide. I figure this to complete the list of Mitromorpha, although Dr. Dall describes it as a Mitra, with a queried reference to Mitromorpha. I doubt its pertinence to the group, as it appears to me to have the facies of a true Mitra. D. DORMITOR, Sowerby. PI. 27, fig. 23. Dr. P. P. Carpenter says (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, xv, 182, 1865), " M. Crosse suggests that Golumbella dormitor, Sby., may be congeneric (with Mitromorpha)." I think it is a true Columbella. Inhabits Caribbean Sea. CRONIA ANOMALA, Angas (Manual, II, Purpurinffi). Prof. Tate believes this to be a Mangilia. I cannot agree with him. Genus HALIA, Risso, 1826. H. PRIAMUS, Meuschen. PI. 31, fig. 1. Rather thin, smooth ; yellowish brown, sprinkled, except on the upper part of the whorls, with distant square or long chestnut spots, which sometimes have band-like regularity. Length, 3 inches. Bay of Cadiz. It is Priamus stercus-pulicum, Chemn., Buccinum ficus, Mar- tyn, Priam agathine, Chenu, Bulla helicoides, Brocchi, Achatina maculata, Swainson, Helix priapus, Gmelin. HALIA FLEMINGIANA, Macgillivray. This = fry of Buccinum Dalei, Sowb. (Manual, iii). Unidentified and Unfigured Species of Pleurotomidde. Of the following" names and descriptions most may be con- sidered obsolete, and not worth the trouble of group-division, others, of more recent date, I cannot place for want of illustra- tions : P. TENUIS, P SEMINUDA, P. SUBULATA, P. RUSTICA, P. OBLIQUA, P. MENKEI, P. ISABELLA, P. ELONGATA, P. ELONGATULA, P. FUSI- FORMIS, P. FERRUGINEA, P. FUNICULUS, P. CHEMNITZII, P. CER1THINA, P. CORNEA, P. COCCINEA, P. CURVATA, P. ATRATA, all of Anton, and without localities. APPENDIX. 319 P. PERLATA, Lesson. Sandwich Isles. P. GRACILIS, Marrat. West Africa. PL. SUBULATA, Menke. PL. NIVEA, Phil. (Formosa) ; PL. VESTALIS, Phil. (Hob. ?). PL. LYRATUM, Pfeiffer (Gmelin). ? = Lyria. PL. ADUSTA, Sowb. Monte Christi, W. Columbia. CAILLIAUDI (CoNUs), Jay. PI. 34, fig. 13. Hob. unknown. Looks something like a Conorbis, but is more probably an immature Strombus ; notwithstanding its sinus, it can scarcely be a Pleurotoma. PL. YANCOU VERB N sis (Vancouver's Isl.), PL. ALBATA (Persian Gulf)j PL. SEXCOSTATA (Singapore), PL. RUBROAPICATA (Japan), of E. A. Smith. PL. INSCULPTA, Mighels. Key West, Fla. PL. MICANS, PL. CRASSILABRUM, PL. SINUOSA, PL. TODILLA, PL. OBNUBILA, PL. CIRCUMSECTA, Mighels. Sandwich Islands. PL. AUGUSTS, PL.FUSCOCINCTA, PL. FUSIFORMIS, PL. FLAVOCINCTA, PL. ALBOMACULATA, PL. ELATIOR, PL. ALBIDA, PL. ALBELLA, C. B. Adams. Jamaica. Appendix. PLEUROTOMA YEDDOENSIS, Jousseaume. PL 34, fig. Y. A Japanese form, recently described and figured, which will, I think, prove synonymous with P. grandis. Gray. DRILLIA HEMPHILLI, Stearns. Page 185. For inches read millimetres. DRILLIA MAKIMONOS, Jousseaume. PI. 34, fig. 10. Whorls closely spirally sulcate, the interstices slightly striated ; white, with large longitudinal yellowish maculations. Length, 25 mill. Japan. D. POULOENSIS, Jousseaume. PL 34, fig. 11. Shell brown, spirally lirate ; outer lip crenulate, with a slight sinus. Length, 20 mill. Malacca. Described from a single specimen. D. CLEVEI, Jousseaume. PL 34, fig. 9. Shell spirally costate ; white, fasciate with light brown ; outer • 320 APPENDIX. lip crenulate, ridged within, with a shallow, wide sinus ; colu- mellar lip with a median callosity. Length, 9 mill. Ceylon. Described from a single specimen. D. BELLARDI, Jousseaume. PL 34, fig. 8. Shell white, spirally costate ; outer lip crenulated, with a shallow sinus near the suture ; columellar lip with a median pli- cation. Length, 11 mill. Hab. unknown. The above three species are, judging from the figures, described from immature and imperfect, possibly water-worn specimens, so that it is not easy to compare them with previously described species. There are a number of spirally ribbed species described by Smith and older authors to which these may be approximated, but in the absence of material, no definite result is practicable. The practice of describing unique and imperfect specimens can- not be too strongly condemned. Desire for scientific renown will continue to enlarge our synonymy, until some method can be devised, by which no man's ambition can possibly be gratified in the making of generic and specific names. Although Dr. Jousseaume has furnished the text of this sermon, it is not intended to signalize him as a principal offender ; much greater men — in fact the greatest conchologists are equally in fault in their desire to write nobis as frequently as possible. DRILLIA LIMONITELLA, Dall. PI. 34, fig. 6. Small, thin, translucent, lemon-yellow, very faintly narrowly brown-banded on the periphery and below it on some specimens, the columella also brown-tinged ; whorls turreted, nodulated at the periphery by about a dozen ribs, which extend across the shoulder to the suture, spiral sculpture very fine and close; outer lip slightly thickened, with a distinct, rather broad, shallow sinus. Length, 6*75 mill. Cedar Keys, Fla., on mud flats between tides (Hemphill). COLUMBARIUM PAGODOIDES, Watson. This species, recently described as a Fusus, is probably only a variety of C. Pagoda, Lesson. It is unfigured. Off Sydney, JV. 8. W. INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PLEUROTOMID^E. PAGK. Abbreviata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 182, 167 Abyssicola (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, 260 Abyssicola (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Reeve, Icon., sp. 157, 1844, .... 309 Acanthodes (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc.,xv, 433, 1881, '.249 Accincta (Daphnella), Montagu. Test. Brit. Suppl., 114, . 310 Aculeiformis (Pusionella), Lam. Hist. Nat., Ed. ii, ix, 461, 234 Acuminata (Drillia), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1848, p. 23, .... '. . . 190 Acuta (Bela), var. of concinnula, Yerrill. Trans. Conn. Ac., v, p. 470. = B. concinnula, Yerrill, . . . 221 Acuta (Pleurotoma), Bellardi (1842). = Spirotropis carinata, Phil. Acutangulus ( Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 218, 261 Acuticostata (Mangilia), Opt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 162. Mazat. Cat., 400 ; 2d Report, 36, 184. = M. neglecta, C. B. Adams. Acutio-emmata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 489. = P. jubata, Hinds. Adusta (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc.,jl833, p. 137, 319 JEgeensis (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 164, 1844. == D. turgida, Forbes, . . . . . 308 ^Egrota (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 117, 305 Mmula, (Drillia), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 36, pi. v, fig. 9. = D. Traillii, Button. ^Equalis (Plenrotoma), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv, p. 369. = M. linearis, Mont., var. 277 ^Ernginosa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 115, 311 Affinis (Clathurella), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 102; Proc. Cal. Acad., v, 62, t. 2, f. 7, 281 Affinis (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon , f. 309, 1846. = Drillia flavescens, Reeve. (321) 322 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Agassizii (Pleurotoma), Yerrill and Smith. Am. Jour. Arts and Sciences., 3d vol., xx, p. 394 316 Agathine (Priam), Chenu. Conch., f. 903, p. 242 (1847). = Halia Priamus, Meuschen. Aglaophanes (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., p. 251, vol. xvi, 1882, 212 Agnewi (Drillia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1878, p. 36, . . . . : 212 Alabaster (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 181, 179 Alaskensis (Bela), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 98, 18U, 216 Alata (Drillia), H. and A. Adams. Gen. Shells, 90. = PL crenularis, Lam. Alba (Bela), Brown. Brit. Conch., 7, t. 5, f. 62. ? = B. rufa, Mont. 224 Alba (Bela), Pennant. ?= B. turricula, Montagu, . . 219 Alba (Clathurella), Desh. Moll. Reunion, p 110, pi. xii, f. 17-18, .... 296 Albata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 210, 319 Albella (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 63, 131, .319 Albibalteata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 182. =r C. Cumingii, Powis 283 Albicans (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Toy. Sul., p. 23, pi. 7, f. 8, 258 Albicarinata (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 253. = P. oxytropis, Sowb. Albicaudata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 299, 299 Albicincta (Drillia), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 40, t. 10, f. 6. = D. putillus, Reeve. Albicincta (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 340, . . 271 Albicostata (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 135, 1833, . 205 Albida (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 3, 319 Albida (PL Leufroyi, var.), Bucq., Dautz., Dollf. Moll. Roussilon, 96. = P. Leufroyi, Mich 276 Albida (Mangilia), Deshayes. Exp. Moree, iii, p. 176, t. 19, f. 22-24, 245 Albifuniculata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 6. = P. tincta, Reeve, Albina (Pleurotoma), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 96, . .167 Albinodata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 6, 1846. = Drillia zebra, Lam. Alboangulata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 206 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 323 PAGE. Albocincta (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871. p. 18, pi. i, f. 22, . . . 285 Albocincta (Crassispira), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 3. = D. zebra, Lam. Albocinctus (Fusus), Petit. Jour, de Conchyl., ii, 76, t. 1, f. 12, 1851. = Pusionella vulpina, Born., var. . . 236 Albofasciata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 491, 1877, ... ... 174 Albolaqueata (Mangilia), Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 280, .... ... 251 Albomaculata (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 3, . . . 319 Albomaculata (Pleurotoma), d'Orb. Sagra. Hist. Cuba, ii, 176, 1846, pi. xxiv, f. 16-18. = D. zebra, Lamarck. Albopustulata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 211. = D. zebra, Lam. Albostrigata (Defrancia), Baird. Voy. Curacoa,pl. 37, f. 3, 4, 292 Albovallosa (Pleurotoma), Carp. Mazat. Shells, p. 396. = D. nigerrima, Sowb., var. Albovirgulata (Mangilia), Souv. Jour. Conch., 1860, p. 124, pi. ii, fig. 12, 274 Albovittata (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1845, p. 4, 248 Albula( Pleurotoma), Hutton. Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Zeal., p. 12, 166 Albus (Fusus), Jeffreys, 1849. = Thesbia nana, Loven. Aleutica (Bela), Ball. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 99, 1871, 216 Alternans (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,298, 299 Alternata (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1878, 39, 312 Amabilis (Cithara), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 1874, pt. 2, p. 23, pi. i, f. 11, 273 Amabilis ( Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 40 ; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 21, pi. vii. f. 3, . . . .287 Amabilis (Pleurotoma), Jickeli, MS. Kiister, Conch. Cab., 25. = P. gemmata, Hinds, var. Amanda (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 207, . 191 Amblia (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, p. 249, 1882, 212 Americana (Bela), Packard. Mem. Bos. Soc., i, p. 233, pi. vii,f. 11, 220 Amicta (Pleurotoma), E. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 488. = P. cingulifera, Lam., 166 Amcena (Defrancia), G. 0. Sars. Friele, Jan Mayen Moll., p. 6, ... . . 313 Amplexa (Clathurella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 338, 299 324 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Anceps (Pleurotoma), Eichwald. Naturh. Lith. Volh., 225, 1830, ... ... ... 313 Ancistrosyrinx, Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 53, 1881, 155, 176 Angasi (Drillia), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., iii, p. 8*7, pi. i, f. 5, 1863, 187 Angela (Cithara), Ad. and Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 419, pi. xxxvii, f. 4, . 267 Angicostata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, 252 Angiostoma (Cythara), Pease. Am. J. C., iv, p. 105. = M. triticea, Kiener, 268 Angularis (Bela), Donov. Brit. Shells. = B. turricula, Montagu, . . . . . . .219 Angulata (Daphnella),Cpt Ann. Mag. N.H., 1865, xv,p. 395, 312 Angulata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64, 259 Angulata (Pleurotoma), Kiener. Pleur., 74, t. 26, f. 4. ? = P. rubida, Hinds. Angulatus (Bela), Morch. Moll. Grrenl., No. 85. = B. turricula, var. nobilis, Moll., . .-'... . . 219 Angulifera (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. xxxix, f. 360, 278 Angulifera (Pleur.), Weinkauff. Cat. No. 20. = PI. cingulifera, Lam. Angulosa (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 227, t. 16, f. 16, 1878. = B. cancellata, Mighels, . . 218 Angulosa (Mangilia), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 731, pi. Ixxv, fig. 10, 256 Angusta (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. IL, 1877, p. 495, 211 Angustior (Pleurotoma), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. Nat. H., 1877, xix, 330. = Var. of B. declivis, Loven, . . .219 Anna, Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 244, 1826. ? = Clathurella. Anna (Mangilia), Jousseaume. LeNaturaliste, v, 325, 1883, 261 Annulata (Surcula), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. v, f. 25, 1843, 240 Anomala (Cronia), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, pi. v, f. 1 ; Tate, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, v, 131, . . . 318 Anteridion (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. 'Soc., xv, 399, 1881, 242 Antillarum (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 59, 261 Antillarum ( Pleurotoma), Crosse. Journ. Conch., xiii, pi. i, f. 8. = P. Virgo, Lam., 168 Antillarum (Clathurella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 173, t. 24, f. 1-3, 1846, .279 Antipodum (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 491, 174 Antonia (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,ix, 59, 312 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 325 PAGE. Aphanitoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, 241, 1877. = S. G. of Daphnella, . . 161 Apicalis (Pleurotoma), Montrouzier. J. de Conch., 1861, p. 277, pi. xi, f. 6. = C. felina, Hinds, . 293 Apicata (Pleurotoina), Gray. Reeve, Mangilia, fig. 305, pi. xxxiii, .......... 266 Apiculata (Mangilia), Montrouzier. J. de Conch., 1864, p. 264, pi. x, f. 2, . . . . . ' . . . . 273 Appelii (Drillia), Weink. Conch. Cab., sp. 112, pi. xx, f. 5, 193 Appressa (Drillia), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1864, xiv, p. 46, 213 Aquatilis (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. Ill, 204 Araneosa (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 462, 1881, 299 Arata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 116, . 210 Arctata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118, 294 Arctica (Bela), A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1855, p. 121, 214 Arcuata (Surcula), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. iii, f. 15, 1843, 236 Areolata (Lachesis), Tiberi. Jour, de C., 1868, p. 73. = L. Folinese, Phil 225 Argillacea (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 40 ; Moll. Toy. Sul., p. 1$, pi. vi, f. 1, . . 273 Armillata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. Ill 174 Armstrongi (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, pt. 2, p. 93, pi. vii, f. 13, . .294 Aspera (Mitromorpha), Carpenter. Jour, de Conch., xii, 146, 1865, ... .... .317 Aspera (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 19, pi. 6, figs. 7, 8 ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 40, ..'•'.. . 269 Asperrimus ( Fusus), Brown. 111. Conch. Gt. Br., 8, t. 6, f. 2, = P. purpureuna, Montg. Aspersa (Clathurella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N.H., vii, 338, 299 Asperulata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 296, . 299 Assimilis (Bela), G. 0. Sars. Mol. Reg. Arc. Nov., p. 231, pi. xxiii, f. 8; pi. viii, f. 17, 1878. = B. turricula, Mont., 219 Associata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 300. (Not identified.) Astricta (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64, 260 Astricta (Surcula), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. xii, sp. 98, 1843, 240 Aterrima (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, . . 194 Atkinsoni (Drillia), T.-Woods. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 142, 211 Atkinsoni (Mangilia), Tenison-Woods. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1875, p. 141. = Columbella speciosa, Angas, Manual, vol. v. 326 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Atkinsonii (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1877, p. 495, 21 Atoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, 324, 1877. = Clathurella, Sect., 160 Atractoides (Pleurotoma), Watson, Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 407, 1881, 175 Atramentosa (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag., N. H., 1861, 211, J 99 Atrata (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318 Atrior (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Panama Shells, p. 138, 308. = D. aterrima, Sowb. Atrostyla (Raphitoma), Dall. MS. = D. cerina, Kurtz and Stimpson, var., . . . .310 Attenuata (Pleurotoma), Montagu. Test. Brit., p. 266, pi. 9, f. 6, 1803, 308 Auberiana (Pleurotoma), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 174, t. 24, f. 4-6. = C. rubricata, Reeve, 279 Augustse (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., p. 61, . 319 Aulacoessa (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 472, 1881, 307 Aurantica (Drillia), Carpenter. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., v, 145, 1865. = D. torosa, Carpenter, var. . 183 Aureola (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 113, 302 Auriculitera (Drillia), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 91, . 185 Australis (Bela), Ad. and Ang. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 420, 223 Australis (Surcula), Roissy. Buffon, Hist. Nat., . .236 Awamoaensis (Drillia), Hutton. Cat. Tert. Moll. N. Z., 4, 1874. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xv, 131, . . . .208 Axis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 3, . 304 Babylonia, var. (Pleurotoma), Kien., pi. 1, fig. 2. = P. Garnonsii, Reeve, ....... 163 Babylonia (Pleurotoma), Linn., ed. x, p. 754, . . . 162 Bad'ia (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64, . 247 Bsetica (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 110, . 193 Balansai (Cithara), Crosse. Jour. Conch., 1873, p. 65 ; p. 131, pi. v, fig. 5, 264 Ballista (Drillia), von Maltzan. Jahrb. Mai. GeselL, 1883, p. 119, t. 3, f. 2, 208 Balteata (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 143, 299 Balteata (Mangilia), Reeve. Conch. Icon. Mangil., f. 57, 1846, .247 Balteata (Pleurotoma), Beck. Kien., Icon., pi. 13, f. 2. = P. undatiruga, Bivona, ....... 238 Bandella (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Com. Zool., ix, 59, 312 Barbieri (Raphitoma), Brusina (1866). Contr. Faun. Moll. Dalm., p. 33. = Pleurotoma anceps, Eich. . . . 313 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 327 PAGUE. Barkliensis (Drillia), H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, t. 19, f. 3, .... . 192 Barnard! (Clathurella), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, p. 157, 299 Bathyraphe (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 305, 274 Beckii (Bela), Moll. Moll. Groml., p. 14. = P. bicarinata, Couth. ....... 215 Beckii (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842, . . 186 Beckii (Drillia), Weinkauff, Kiister. = D. unizonalis, Lam. Bela, Leach, Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc.. 134, 1847, . . 156, 213 Bella (Daphnella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 147. = Mangilia interrupta, Reeve, ...... 266 Bella (Mangilia), Ad. and Aug. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 419, pi. 37, f. 6. = M. Boakei, Nevill. . . . .270 Bella (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 41, . 249 Bella (Taranis), Verrill. Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 71. Probably intended for T. pulchella, Yerrill. Bellardia, Bucq.,Dautz. and Dollf. Moll. Roussilon, 85, 1883. = Bellardiella, Fischer, 1883. Bellardiella, Fischer. Manuel de Conchyl., 593, 1883. = Daphnella, Sect , 160, 312 Bellardii (Oligotoma), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, 202, . 320 Bellaspira, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 261, 1867. = Mangilia. Bellula (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 209, . 191 Belomitra, Fischer. Jour, de Conch., 1882, p. 275. = S. G. of Bela, . . . . . . . 156, 224 Benedict! (Mangilia St. Gallae, var.), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1876, p. 137, . . 312 Beraudiana (Pleurotoma), Crosse. 111. Conch. ,xi, p. 88, 1. 1, f. 5. = D. Angasi, Crosse. Bertiniana (Clathurella), Tap.-Can. Bull. Soc. Zool., Fr. iii, 247, pi. vi, f. 7-8. = Var. M. rubida, Hinds, . '.271 Bertrandi (Mangilia), Payr. Coq. de Corse, p. 144, t. 7, f. 12-13, . 244 Bertrandi (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Moll. Sicil., 1, 198, t. 11, f. 20, 1836. = M. nebula, Montg. Bicanalifera (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, . . 177 Bicarinata (Bela), Couth. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., 1, 50, 1841 ; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 481, . . .214 Bicarinata (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 243, 289 Bicarinatus (Murex), Wood. Ind. Test. Suppl., t, 5, f. 7. = Pleurotoma cryptorrhaphe, Sowb, 22 328 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Biciiictula (Mangilia), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. B.,xl,pt. 2, p. 6, pi. i, f. 15. = M. Boakei, Nevill, . . .270 Biclathrata ( Mangilia \ Souverbie. J. de Conch., 1872, p. 363; 1873, p. 59, pi. iv. f. 4, 272 Bicolor (Clatlmrella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 18, pi. i, fig. 20, 284 Bicolor (Drillia), Gray. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1838. p. 29, . 212 Bicolor (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, . 268 Bicolor i Pleurotoma), Risso. Eur. Merid., iv, 214. = P. purpurea, Mont., 275 Bicolor (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 135, . 196 Biconica (Mangilia \ C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 65, . 248 Bifasciata (Borsonia), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc.. 1860, p. 143, 227 Bijubata (Surcula), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 182, 242 Bilineata (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 18, pi. i, f. 23, 288 Bilineata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc.. 1845, p. 113. = D. pulchella, Reeve. Bimarginata (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 83. = Clavatula muricata, Lam., ...... 229 Bipartita (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 500, 234 Biseriata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 304, 274 Bivonse (Pleurotoma), Maravigna. Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc., 1840. — P. attenuata, Mont , 309 Bivoniana (Pleurotoma), Marav. Rev. Zool., 1840. = P. multilineolata, Desh. Blakeana (Bela), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 54, 1881, 222 Blanfordi (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, pt. 2, p. 92, pi. vii, f. 14, .... .291 Boakei (Mangilia), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. Ceylon B. R. A. S., 1867-70, p. 142, 270 Boholensis (Pleuvotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1843, p. 184, . 301 Bolbodes (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 402, 1881, .... 242 Boothii (Pleurotoma), Smith. Wern. Soc. 98, t. 1, f. 1. = P. Leufroyi, Mich. Borealis (Mangilia), Loven. Idex. Mol. Lit. Scand., p. 14, = Pleurotoma anceps, Eich. . . . . . .313 Borealis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon., Corrections. = B. decussata, Couth 217 Bornii (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 499, 234 Borsonia, Bellardi. Bull. Soc. Geol. France, x, 30, 1839, 157,227 Bottae (Drillia , Yak-nc. Kiener, Coq. viv., t. 15, f. 12, . 192 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 329 Brachystoma (Bela), Pfeiffer. Adams' Genera, i, 92, . . 223 Brachystoma (Pleurotoma), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sic., ii, p. 169, pi. 26, f. 10, 1844, . 308 Brachytoma, Swainson. Malac., 154, 314, 1840. = Drillia, Sect. ..... . 155, 176 Brachytona (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 415, 1881, ........... 212 Brazieri (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 187 1, p. 18, pi. 1, f. 21, . . . 295 Branscombi (Pleurotoma), Clark. = Juv. P. gracilis, Montagu, ...... 312 Brenchleyi (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 37, pi. v, f. 12, . . . . 285 Brevicaudata ( Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 186. = P. fasciatus, Lam. Brevis ( Cithara), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 217, pi. 15, f. 11. = M. cithara, Gould, ..... 263 Brevis (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 66, . 248 Brevis ( Pleurotoma), Leche. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., Bd. 16, No. 2, p. 56. = B. bicarinata, Couth. . . 215 Brevis (Pleur.), Requien. = Mangilia Vauquelini, Payr. . 243 Brunnea (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 143, 299 Brunnea (Pleurotoma), Perkins. Bost. Proc., xiii, 121, 1869. = C. plicata, C. B. Adams, . . ... 277 Brunneomaculata (Surcula), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 720, t. 59, f. 8, ... 206 Brychia (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 451, 1881, . . .;•' ........ 315 Buchanan! (Drillia), Button. Cat. Tert. Moll. N. Zeal., 4, 1873, ..... ...... 208 Buchanensis (Pleurotoma), Macgill. Moll. Aberd. = M. linearis, Mont. Buccinatus (Fususi, Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 132. = Pusionella vulpina, Born, ...... 235 Buccinoides (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 144, . ....... 299 Bucoinoides (Pleurotoma), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 94. = PI. sinuata, Born ......... 233 Bulbacea (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 418, 1881, 212 •Butler! (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 303, 307 Cselata (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 220, pi. 2, f. 34, . . ..... 295 Cselata (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sul., p. 21, pi. 7, f. 6, 258 Caerulans (Mangilia), Appelius. Bull. Mai. Ital., ii, 137?t. 4, f. 1, 1869. = M. indistincta, Monts. 330 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Caerulans, var. sicula (Pleurotoma), Monterosato. Notizie, p. 52. = P. sicula, Reeve. Caerulans (Pleurotoma), Phil. Ennm. Moll., ii, p. 168, pi. xxvi, f. 4. = P. Bertrandi, Payr., 244 Caerulea (Pleurotoma), Martens (not Weink.) Conch. Mittheil., 107, t. 21, f. 5-9. = PI. pyramidata, Yal. Caerulea (Pleurotoma), Weink. Conch. Cab., p. 34, pi. vii, f. 4-6, 230 Caffra (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 209, . 191 Cagayanensis (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, 180 Cailliaudi (Conus), Jay. Ann. Lye. N. Y., iv, 169, t. 10, f. 8, 1846, ... 319 Calcarata (Pleurotoma), Grat. Monts. Jour. Soc. Sc. Nat. Palermo, 105, 1878, 312 Caledonica (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 217, 261 Callosa (Drillia), Yal., MS. Kiener, Coq. viv., 50, t. 18, f. 1, 192 Canaliculata (Clathurella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 219, pi. 15, f. 17. = M. rubida, Hinds, . . 271 Canaliculata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 6, . 284 Cancellata (Bela), Mighels and Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1841, i, p. 50, 218 Cancellata (Bela), G. 0. Sars. Moll. Arc. Norv., p. 224, pi. xxiii, f. 31 ; pi. viii, f. 9. = B. Sarsii, Yerrill. Cancellata (Citharopsis), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, xv, p. 323, 274 Cancellata (Daphnella), Hutton. Jour. Conch., 1878, p. 18, 306 Cancellata (Drillia), Cpt. Pro. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila., 1865, p. 63, 183 Cancellata (Drillia), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 317, 1846, . 197 Cancellata (Pleurotoma), Calcara. = PL clathrata, De Serres, 276 Cancellatum (Pleurotoma), Sowb. (non Calc.). Ind. Brit. Shells, t. 19, f. 9. = P. Cordieri, Payr. . . . .275 Candeana (Clathurella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 175, t. 24, f. 10-12, ... 279 Candelabrum, Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., v, 1878. = Ancistrosyrinx, Dall. Candens (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 192, t. 19, f. 17, . . . 203 Candida (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 20 ; Moll. Yoy. Sul., p. 20, pi. 6, f, 18, 273 Candida (Pleur.), Jones. H. and A. Adams' Genera, i, 88, 174 Candida (Pleurotoma), Mke. Ch., 4, 1337-38. — P. tornata, Dillw. INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 331 _FAGE. Candidissima (Lachesis), Phil. Moll. Sic., i, p. 222, t. xi, f. 18, ... 225 Candidissima (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 4, . . 226, 248 Candidula (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 39, f. 358, 1846, 218 Candidus (Fusus), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 148, 1848. Abbild. iii, 117, t. 5, f. 7. ? = Pusionella valida, Dunker, . . . 234 Canfieldi (Clathurella), Ball. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 101, t. 15, f. 9, . . . 280 Cantharis (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118, 199 Capensis (Pleurotoma), Smith. Arm. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 296, . 299 Capillacea (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc.. 1846, p. 60, 263 Carbonaria (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 187. = D. callosa, Val. Cardinalis (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. ,1845, p. 115, 258 Caribsea (Clathurella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 172, t. 23, f. 32-34, 279 Caribbsea (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. II., 1882, p. 211, 199 Carinata (Pleurotoma), Gray. Griff., Cuv. An. King, pi. 23, 173 Carinata (Spirotropis), Bivona. Gen. Moll., 12 ; Phil. Moll. Sicil., t. 26, f. 15, 213 Carinulata (Clathurella), Souverbie. Jour. Conch., 1875, p. 289, pi. xiii, f. 6, ... . 289 Carnosula (PI. Leufroyi, var.), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv, 367, 276 Carpenteri (Pleurotoma), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, p. 53, pi. v, f. 12, 250 Carpenteri- ( Pleurotoma', Yen-ill and Smith. Am. Jour. Sc., 3d ser., xx, p. 395, . . . 310 Carpenteriana (Surcula), Gabb. Proc. 'Cal. Acad. Sci., 183, 1865. Pal. Cal., ii, 5, t. 1, f. 8, - 239 Casta (Mangilia), Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64. = Daphnella, Reeveana, Tryon, ..... 305 Casta (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 25, pi. 7, f. 20, 300 Castanea (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, 255 Castanea (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112, . 177 Castaneus < Bela\ Brown. Brit. Shells, 6, t. 5, f. 43, 44. = B. rufa, Mont. ... . . 224 Catelini (Fusus), Petit. Jour, de Conobyl., ii, 75, t. 1, f. 2, 1851. = Pusionella aculeiformis, Lam 234 Catena (Surcula), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. v, f. 36, 1843, . 240 Cathedralis (Candelabrum), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., v, 1878. = Ancistrosyrinx elegans, Dall. 332 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Caudata (PL reticulatum, var.), Requien. Coq. Corse., 72. = C. Cordieri, Fayr. Caudicula (Pleurotoma), Chieregh. Brusina, Ipsa Chieregh. Conch., 158. = P. Leufroyi, Mich. Cavernosa (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60, 251 Cavernosa (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118, . . 290 Cedo-nulli (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. p. 185. = C. Pagoda, Lesson. Celebensis (Mangilia), Hinds. Prnc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 46 ; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 26. pi. ix, f. 5, . 260 Cerea (Mangilia), Carpenter, Ann. Mag. N. H , xv, 1865, p. 400, . 251 Cerinum (Pleurotoma), Kurtz and Stimps. Proc. Bost Soc. N. H.,iv, p. 115, . .310 Cerithina (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, .318 Cerithoidea (Pleurotoma), Cpr. Mazat. Shells, p. 394. = D. aterrima, Sowb. Cernica (Cythara), G, and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, pt. ii, p. 94, pi. vii, f. 16. = M. Isseli, var., . . 272 Ceroplasta (Borsonia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 473, 1881, . . . 228 Ceylonica (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 489, . . ' 174 Chariessa (Pleurotoma;, Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 458, 1881, . . . . .299 Cheesemani (Drillia), Button. Jour, de Conch., 16, 1878. = D. Zealandica, Smith. Chauveti (Pleurotoma), Req. Coq. de Corse, p. 101. = Lachesis minima, Montg., 225 Chemnitzii (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 74, . 318 Chocolatum (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 492, . .... .211 Chordula (Murex), Turton. Diet., p. 94. = Juv. Bela rufa, Mont., 224 Chyta^ Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 467, 1881, 299 Cincta (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt, xviii, p. 161. = C. rugosa, Mghels. Garrett, Mss., .... 297 Cincta (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 65. . 259 Cincta (Surcula), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, p. 92, . . 242 Cincta (Pleurotoma), Sowb. (not Lam.). Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 136. = D. zonulata, Reeve. Cinctella (Mangilia), Pfeif. Arch. f. Nat., 1840, i, p. 258, . 248 Cinerea (Bela), Moll. Moll. Groenl, p. 13, . . 218 Cinerea (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 40; Moll. Voy. Sulph., 18, pi. 6, f. 3 273 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 333 PAGE. Cinerea (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff. Conch. Cab., 126, pi. 23, f. 1,3. = D. zebra, Lamarck. Cingulifera (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, p. 94, ... . .166 Cinnamomea (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 45, . . 266 Circinata (Pleurotoma), Dall. Proc. Cal. Acad., v, p. 61, pi. ii, f. 5, 1873, ... .316 Circumsecta (Pleurotoma), Mign. Proc. Bost. Soc. N H., ii,p. 24, . . . 319 Circumvoluta (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 465, 1881, . .299 Cirratum (Pleurotoma), Brugnone (non Bellardi, 1847). Mem. Pleur. Foss., 1862, p. 17, f. 9. : = M. Morchi, Malm. Cithara (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., iii, p. 140, 1849, .263 Citharella (Mangilia), Lam. Anirn. sans Vert., Edit. Desh., ix,407, 257 Citharopsis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch, iv, 97, 1868. = Columbellidse. Clandestina (Pleurotoma), Desh. Moll. Reunion, p. 110, pi. xii, f. 15-16, . 298 Clara (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112, . 252 Clara (Surcula), Martens. Mittheil., i, p. 35, pi. 8, f. 1 a-d. 239 Clathrata (Clathurella), Marcel de Serres. Geogn. du Midi, 113, t. 2, f. 7,8, . . 276 Clathrata (Daphnella), Gabb. Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sc., 1865, p. 185, , 306 Clathrata (Drillia), Gray. Ann. Mag. N. H., i, 1838, p. 28, . 212 Clathrata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. lc., pi. 39, f. 361. = C. candidula, Reeve, var., 278 Clathurella, Carpenter. Mazatl. Cat. 399, 1857, . . 159, 274 Clavata (Mangilia), C. B. Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 254, . . 261 Clavata (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 135, . 190 Clavatulus (Murex), pars. Dillw. Cat., i, p. 713. = Pleur. muricata, Lam. Clavatulus (Murex), Dillwyn. Cat. ii, p. 713. (Ex-parte.) = Pleurotoma taxus, Chemn. Clavatula, Lamarck. Syst. An., 84, 1801, . . . 157, 228 Clavatulinse, 153 Clavicantha, Swainson. Malac., 155, 314, 1840. = Clavatula, Lam. Clavulus (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134. = Columbella, Manual, v, 184. 334 INDEX ANP SYNONYMY. PAGE. Clavus, Montfort. Conch. Syst., ii, 434, 1810. = Drillia, Sect. . 155, 185 Clevei (Oligotoma), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, 200, 319 Climacota (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn, Soc.,xv, 1881, 428, 200 Clinura, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, 204, 1877. = Surcula, Sect 158 Clionella, Gray. Zool. Proc., 153, 1847, . . . 157, 233 Clionellseformis (Drillia), Weinkauff. Conch. Cab., p. 106, t. 23, f. 5, 198 Coarctata (Mangilia), Forbes. Ann. Nat. Hist., v, 107. = M. costata, Forbes and Hanley, 244 Coarctata (Mangilia), Weink. M. M. Conch., ii,p. 125 (non Forbes). = M. multilineolata, Desh. Coccinata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118, 188 Coccinea (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318 Cochlespira, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 210, 1865. — Pleurotoma, Lam. Coffea (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 209, . 191 Cognata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 490, 170 Colini (Clavatula), von Maltzan. Jahr. Mai. GeselL, 1883, 126, t. 3, f. 0, 230 Collaris (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833. = D. zebra, Lam. Columbarium, Martens. Conch. Mitth., p. 105, t. 21, f. 1-3, 1881, 154, 175 Columbella( Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. ix, 60, 312 Columbelloides (Cythara , Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62. == M. Marginelloides, Reeve, . . . .261 Comarmondi (Pleurotoma), Mich. Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord., iii, 263, t. l,f. 6. = P. gracilis, Mont., . .312 Comatotropis (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 58, .312 Commoda (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,299, 299 Companyoi (Mangilia), Bncq., Dautz. and Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 108, t. 15, f. 20-22, 1883, . . . .245 Compsa (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 470, 1881, 307 Compta (Cithara), Ad. and Ang. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 419, pi. xxxvii, f. 5, 306 Compta (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118. = C. vultuosa, Reeve, ....... 296 Concentricostata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1845, p. 117, 258 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 335 Concinna (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Zool. Soc. N. H., 1861, p. 382, . 306 Concinna (Pleurotoma^ Dunker. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 356 ; Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 160. = C. Reeveana, Desh., . 291 Concinna (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch. Reg. Neapol., 1836, p. 12, fig. 18, . . . . 277 Concinnula (Bela), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Ac., v, p. 468, pi. xliii, f. 15 ; pi. Ivii, f. 11, 1882, 220 Concolor (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 498, ... 212 Conica (Pleurotoma). Enc. Meth., pi. 439, f. 9 a-b. = P. muricata, Lam. . 229 Coniformis (Cythara), Gray. Moll. Toy. Blossom, p. 119, 264 Coniformis (Pleurotoma), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 1875, p. 288, pi. xiii, f. 5. = M. Souverbiei, Tryon, . 265 Conohelicoides (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, .262 Conoidea (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 236, t. 16, f. 14, 1878, 221 Conopleura, Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 24, 1844. = Drillia, Sect 155, 211 Consimilis (Pleurotoma), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 188, t. 19, f. 11. = D. Sinensis, Hinds. Consociata (Crassispira), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 496. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell, 1883, 121, t. 3, f. 4, . 192 Constricta (Clathtirella), Gabb. Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sc., 1865, p. 184 299 Contortula (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, pt. 2, p. 92, pi. vii, f. 12, . ... 294 Contracta (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 185. — Mangilia gracilenta, Reeve, .... 252 Convexa (Defrancia), Jeffr. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 33, 299 Coppingeri (Mangilia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 27, pi. iv, f. 2, . . 255 Coralligena (PL Leufroyi, var.), Monterosato. Enum. e. Sinon, 46. = M. Leufroyi, Mich. Corallina (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 435, 1881, 249 Corbis (Pleurotoma), Michaud. Monterosato. Enum. e. Sinon, 46. = P. purpureum, Mont. .... 275 Cordiera, Rouault. Bull. Soc. Geol., v, 1848. = Borsonia, Bell 227 Cordieri (Clathurella), Payr. Moll. Corse., 144, t. 7, f. 11, 275 Coreanica (Pleurotoma), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, t. 10, f. 8. = P. javana, Linn. 237 Cornea (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5, . 253 Cornea (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318 336 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Cornnta (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833. = D. nigerrima, Sowb, Coronata (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 45 : Moll. Voy. Sul., p. 26, pi. ix, f. 2, . . . . '. 260 Coronata (Mangilia), Mighels. Proc. Bost. Soc., 1845, p. 23, 271 Coronatus (Murex Turris), Chemn. Conch. Cab., xi, p. 11 4, t. 190, f. 1831 and 1832. = Pleurotoma muricata, Lam. Corpulcnta (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv. p. 446, 1881, . . . '. 315 Corrugata (Borsonia), Pease, MSS. Carp. Zool. Proc,, 1865, 516; Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 232, . . . . .228 Corrugata (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 159, 1871. == C. rubrognttata, H. Ad. . . . . . 292 Corrugata (Pleurotoma), Kien. Coq. viv., t. 9, f. 2. = P. undatiruga, Bivona, ...... 238 Corrugata (Pleurotoma), Sowerby. Zool. Proc., 137, 1833. = Drillia Sowerbyi, Reeve. Corusca (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 183, . 209 Costata (Mangilia), Forbes and Hanley. Brit. Moll., iii, 485, 244 Costata (Pleurotoma), Gray, MSS. Reeve, Icon., sp. 298, 1846. = M. trilineata, C. B. Ad 248 Costatum (Pleurotoma), Donovan. Brit. Shells, v, t. 179, f. 4. = B. septangularis, Mont. . . 223 Costulata (Mangilia), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 227; xviii, p. 165, . 255 Costulata (Mangilia), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer., iv. p. 219,1826. = D. nebula, Montg 307 Costulata (Pleurotoma), DeBlainv. Faune Fraii9.,t,4 ,f. 6, 309 Costulatum (Pleurotoma), Gmelin. Syst. Nat. ? = P. Cordieri, Payr. Costulifera (Cithara i, Pse. Carpenter, Proc. Zool. Soc., 516, 1865. = Cithara ornata, Pse. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 232. Coxi (Drillia), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 1 13, pi. 13, f. 15. == D. Sinensis, Hinds. Cranchiana (Mangilia), Leach. = M. linearis, Mont. Cranchii (Pleurotoma), Brown. Brit. Shells, 6, t. 5, f. 5. = B. rufa, Mont 224 Crassicostata (Borsonia), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 143, 227 Crassicostata (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 66, 1850. = M. badia, Reeve, . . ' . . . .247 Crassicostata (Mangilia), Dunk. Mai. Blatt, xviii, p. 164, . 261 Crassilabrum (Mangilia ), Reeve. Conch. Ic., sp. 36, 1846, . 265 Crassilabrum (Pleurotoma), Mighels. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii. 319 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Crassilabrum (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 135, ... . 258 Crassispira, Swainson. Malac., 152, 313, 1840. = Drillia, Sect. 155, 191 Craticulata (Defrancia), Olivi (nee Linn.). Chieregh. Conch., 160. = M. Cordieri, Payr. Craticulata (Lachesis), Morch. Mai. Blatter, vii, p. 104, . 226 Crebricostata (Daphnella), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, xv, p. 28, 312 Crebricostata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 41 ; Reeve, Icon. Pleurotoma, Corrections. = D. Maravignae, Bivona. Crebriplicata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 3, .... .305 Crenularis (Drillia), Lara. Anim. sans Yert., vii, p. 92, . 178 Crenulata (Daphnella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 221, pi. 15, fig. 20, . . . . . . . . 304 Crispa (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, p. 95, 1818, 163 Crispaturn (Pleurotoma), Phil. En. Moll. Sic., i, p. 200 ; ii, p. 170, t. 26, f. 12. = D. Loprestiana, Calcara, . . 209 Crocata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 110, . 204 Cryptoconus, v. Koenen. Arch. f. Nat., 1880, ii, 211. = Genotia, Sect. . . . ... 154 Cryptorrhaphe (Pleurotoma), Sowb. App. Tank. Cat., p. 14, 168 Crystallina (Clathurella), Gabb. Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S., 1865, p. 184, 299 Cubensis (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,211. = Mangilia luctuosa, d'Orb. . . . . . .246 Cunningham! (Pleurotoma), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 27, pi. iv, f. 1. ?= B. subluta, Gould, . . . .222 Cuprea (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 187. = D. fuscescens, Gray. Curculio (Clathurella rugosa, var.), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc., 1875, 86, ... . . 297 Curta (Daphnella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p, 221, pi. 15, f. 22, ... 304 Curvata (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeiclmiss, p. 74, . . 318 Cumingii (Clathurella), Powis. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1835, . 283 Cycladensis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. xxxii, fig. 289, 1845. = D. brachystoma, Phil 308 Cyclophora (Clatlmrella), Desh. Moll. Reunion, p. Ill, pi. xii,f. 19-21,1863, 292 Cyliudracea (Bela), Moll. Moll. Grcenl., p. 13. = B. bicarinnta, Couth 215 Cylindrica (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 143, 299 338 INDEX ANP SYNONYMY. PAGE. Cylindrica (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60, 267 Cyrilli (Raphitoma), Brusina. Contr. Fauna Dalm., 64. = M. linearis, Mont. Cythara, Schumacher. Essai nov. gen., 245, 1817. == Mangilia, Sect. . . . . . . . 159, 261 Cytharella, Monterosato. = Githara. Cytharopsis, A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H.. 1865, xv, 322. = Mangilia, Sect. . 159, 274 Dsedalea (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A N. S., 1873, p. 219, pi. 2, f. 33, . 294 Daedalea (Cythara), Pse. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 218, pi. 15, f. 13, 1867. = C. debilis, Pease, . . . .270 Daedala (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 6. = M. margaritifera, Gray, . . . . . .258 Dalli (Drilliai, Verrill and Smith. Trans. Conn. Ac., v, p. 451, pi. Ivii, f. 1, la, 181 Daphnella, Hinds. Toy. Sulphur, 25, 1844, . . .160 Daphnelloides (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi, xxiv, f. 206. = P. marmorata, Hinds, 302 Darnleyensis (Mangilia), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, i, 154, 256 Debilis (Cythara), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch, iv, p. 105, 18C.8, . * 270 Debilis (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 39 ; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 17, pi. 5, f. 16 282 Decora (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 215. = M. trilineata, C. B. Ad., . ... 248 Decorata (Daphnella), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 62. = D. Lymneiformis, Kiener, ...... 300 Declivis (Bela), Loven. Ind. Moll. Scand., p. 13, . . 218 Declivis (Pleurotoma), Martens. Conch. Mittheil., i, 39, t. 9, f. 2, . ... ... 170 Decussata (Bela), Couth. Bos. Jour. Nat H., ii, p. 183, pi. iv, f. 8, 1839, 217 Decussata (Mangilia), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 217, pi. 15, f. 10, . . 263 Decussata ( Pleurotoma \ Macgillivray. Moll. Aberdeen, p. 172. = P. Trevelyana, Turt 221 Decussata (Pleurotoma), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 174,, t. 26, f. 23, 1844. = D. nuperrima, Tiberi, 307 Defrancia, Millet. Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1826. = Clathurella, Carp. . . . .159 Delacouriana (Cithara), Crosse. Jour. Conch., xvii, p. 177 ; xx, p. 66, pi. ii, f. 4, . . 263 Delicata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 34, f. 310, . 301 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 339 Delicatula (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1878,37, .302 Delosensis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 40, f. 365. = P. clathrata, Marcel, 276 Deluta (Daphnella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., vii, p. 339, . 306 Demersa (Bela), Tiberi. Jour. Conch., 1868, p. 179. = D. Morchi, Malm .315 Dempsta (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., vii, p. 340, . 312 Denseplicata (Pleurotoma), Dunker. Mai. Blat.,xviii,p. 159, 203 Densestriata (Mangilia), C. B, Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 65. ? = M. balteata, Reeve, 247 Dentatum (Pleurotoma), Souvr. Jour. Conch., xvii, p. 418 ; xviii, p. 431, pi. xiv, f. 5, 305 Dentifera (Clathurella), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 23, pi. 7, f. 14; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44, . . . . 291 Derelicta (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64, 266 Desalesi (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1876, 138, 271 Deshayesii (Mangilia), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 228, . . 256 Deshayesii (Pleurotoma), Doumet. Mag. de Zool. Moll., 1840, pi. 1 1. = P. Indica, Desh. Despecta (Defrancia), H. and A. Ad. Genera, i, 96, . . 299 Detecta (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 65, 1881, 213 Diadema (Fusus), Lesson. Sowb. Thes., iv, pi. 410, fig. 53. = Columbarium Pagoda, Lesson. Diadema (Pleurotoma;, Kien. Iconog., pi. 8$ f. 2. = Clavatula muricata, Lam. ...... 229 Didyma (Genotia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 404, 1881, 175 Difficilis (Pleurotoma', Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 187, t. 19, f. 8, 173 Digitalis (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 186, . 191 Digitalis (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 65, 268 Digna (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 499, 184 Diminuta (Pleurotoma \ 0. B. Ad. Conch. Contr., p. 63. = P. qiiadrata ? Reeve, 278 Discors (Bela ), Brown. Brit. Shells, 6, t. 5, f. 6, 7. = B. pyramidalis, Strom. . . . . . . .216 Discors (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Geol. Soc., 1833, p. 137, = D. aterrima, Sowb., var. Discrepans (Bela), Brown. Brit. Conch., 6, t. 5, f. 49, 50. = B. rufa, Mont 224 Ditoma, Belkrdi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, 29, 5, 1877. = Clathurella, Sect. Diversa (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 18*2, 207, . 191 Dolichotoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, p. 229, 1877. = Genotia, Section, 154 340 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Donata (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sul., p. 22, pi. 7, f. 7 ; Proo. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43, . . . . .210 Donovania, Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 85, 1883. = Lachesis, Risso. D'Orbignii (Pleurotoma , Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 39, f. 359, 1846. = C. candidula, Reeve, var. . . . . . 278 Dormitor (Mitromorpha), Sowb. Carpenter, Ann. Mag., 182, 1865, 318 Dorvilliae (Mangilia), Gray. Reeve, Pleurotoma, sp. 249, . 267 Dowsoni (Pleurotoma \ S. V. Wood. = P. turricula, Mont. 219 Drillia, Gray. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. i, 1838, p. 28, 155, 176 Dubia (Mangilia), C. B, Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 4, 248 Dubiosa (Cythara), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, ii, p. 93, pi. vii, f. 18, . -. 264 Dunkeri (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff. Kiister's Conch. Cab., No. 86, t. 16, f. 2. = D. umbilicata, Gray. Duplicata (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. = P. olivacea, Sowb 238 Duplicata (Pleurotoma), Weiukauff (not Sowerby). Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 10, f. 9, 11. = Drillia maura/Sowb. Dyscrita (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 448, '1881, 315 Dysoni (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, 198 Dysoni (Mangilia), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 29, . . . 247 Eborea (Drillia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. 7, p. 337, 212 Ebur (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 116, . 188 Eburnea (Drillia), Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 280, . 183 Eburnea (Pleurotoma), Bivona. Gen. posth., p. 9. = M. taeniata, Desh . .243 Echinata (Drillia), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, p. 91, . 185 Echinatus (Pleurotoma), Brocc. (not Lamarck). Conch. foss. Subap., 423, t. 8, f. 3. = C. Cordieri, Payr. Efficta (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118. = C. vultuosa, Reeve, 296 Effusa (Daphnella), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., xv, 29, 1865, 317 Elatior (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Proc. Bost. Soc., ii, p. 4, 319 Elatior (Clathurella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 173, t. 23, f. 35-37, . 279 Elegans (Ancistrosyrinx), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 54, 1881, .176 Elegans (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 144, 299 Elegans (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, . 264 INEEX AND SYNONYMY. 341 Elegans (Defrancia), Moll. Moll. Groenl., p. 13. = Bela cancellata, Mighels, 218 Elegans (Murex), Wood. Ind. Test. Supp., pi. 5, f. 8. = Pleurotoma fascialis, Lam. Elegans (Pleurotoma), Brown. Conch. Gb. Brit. = D. costulata, Blainv. . 309 Elegans (Pleurotoma), Blv. (non Donov.). = P. purpureum, Mont. Elegans (Pleurotoma), Donovan. Brit. Shells, v, 1. 179, f. 3. = M. linearis, Mont. Elegans (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat., pi. 26, f. 5. = D. Maravignse, Bivona. Elegantior (Pleurotoma), S. Wood. 1872. = B. elegans, Moll. Jeffreys, Proc. Roy. Soc., xxv, 189. Elongata (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318 Elongata (Pleurotoma), Gray. Beechey's Yoy., p. 119. ? = P. cryptorraphe, Sowb. Elongatula (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 74, . 318 Elusiva (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 69, 1881, 213 Emarginata (Clathurella), Donov. Brit. Shells, v, t. 169, f. 2. = D. gracilis, Montagu, ...... 312 Emendata (Pleurotoma), Monterosato. Conch. St. Yito. Jour, de Conch., 1878, 157, 172 En^inseformis (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, ii, p. 91, pi. vii, f. 9, 294 Engonia (Genotia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 405, 1881, 175 Ericea (Mangilia), Hinds. Yoy. Sulphur Moll., p. 17, pi. 5, f. 15, . . . " . . . 258 Eritima (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 443, 1881, 315 Eritmeta (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 432, 1881, . .- 249 Erosa (Drillia), Schrenck. Amurland Moll., p. 405, t. xvii, figs. 5-7, 184 Erythrrea (Pleurotoma), Jickeli, MS. (Kuster, t. 4, f. 10), 166 Etallonia, Deshayes. Paris Fossils, 2d edit., 605, 1862, 156, 226 Etruscum (Pleurotoma), Tiberi. Monterosato, Nuova Revista, 42. = PL calcarata, Grat. . . . .312 Eucheilodon, Gabb. Jour. Acad. Pliilada., 2d ser., iv, 380, t. 67, f. 18. = Pleurotoma, Lam. Eucithara, Fischer. Man. de Conch., 593, 1884. = Cythara, Schum. Exarata (B^la), Moll. Moll. Grcenl., p. 12. = B. turricula, Mont. . . . . . . .219 Exarata (Bela), Yen-ill. Pro. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 366 (pars). = B. concinnula, Yerrill. 342 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Exarata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112, . 204 Exasperata (Drillia), Ball. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 63, 1881, . 213 Exasperata (Drillia), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. ii, fig. 8, 1843, 185 Excavata (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 498, 212 Excentrica (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833. = D. rudis, Sowb. Excurvata (Bela), Opt. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila., 1865, p. 63, . 223 Exigtia (Drillia), Homb. et Jacq. Voy. Astr. et Zel., v, 111, t. 25, f. 21, 22, 188 Exigua (Bela), Jeffreys. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883, 398, t. 44, f. 10, 216 Exilis (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 144, 299 Exilis (Drillia), Pease Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 220, pi. 15, f. 19, 1867, . .206 Exilis (Pleurotoma), Phil. Zeit. Mai., 1849, p. 31, . •. 299 Eximia (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 181, 290 Expansa (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 240, t. 17, f 7, 1878, . 216 Exquisita (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, p. 87 (pt. ii). = M. rubida, Hinds, . . . .271 Exquisita (Defrancia), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag., 33, 1882, . 299 Exquisita (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 305, 269 Exsculpta (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, p. 247, 1882, 212 Extensa (Bela Blakeana, var .), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 55, . 222 Fabagina (Pleurotoma), Adams and Reeve. Weinkauff, Cat., p. 4. = P. fagina, Ad. and Reeve. Fagina (Pleurotoma), Adams and Reeve. Voy. Sam., p 40, t. 9, f. 2a-6, . . . . ' . , .167 Fairbanki (Mangilia), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Ben., 1875, ii, p. 85, pi. vii, f. 2, 270 Fallax ( Clathurella rugosa, var.), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, pt. ii, p. 87, . .... 297 Fallax (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Rep. JBg. Invert., 139. = juv. P. gracilis, Montagu. ...... 312 Farranii (Pleurotoma), Thomps. Ann. Nat. Hist., xv, 316, t. 19, f. 3. = D. costulata, Blainv 309 Fascialis (Pleurotoma), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 93, . 169 Fasciata (Cythara), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Mangilia, sp. 52, 269 Felina (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 42; Voy. Sulph., t. 7, f. 4, . 292 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 343 Fenestrata (Clatlmrella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt, xviii, p. 162, Fenestrata (Pleurotoma), Desh. Exp. Moree, 177. ?= D. costulata, Blainv 309 Fenestrata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, 283 Ferruginea (Clavatula), von Maltzan. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., 1883, 115, t. 3, f. 8. = 01. muricata, Lam., var. . 229 Ferruginea (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . 318 Ficus (Buccinum), Martyn. Univ. Conch. = Halia Priamus, Meuschen. Fidicula (Bela), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 142, 1849, . . 222 Filicincta (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 216, 261 Filifera (Bela), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 56, 1881, 222 Filosa (Clathurella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, p. 338, . • 299 Filosa (Mitromorpha), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., xv, 182, 1865, 317 Filosa (Pleurotoma), Marrat. Quart. Jour. Conch., i, 240, 1877, UO Fimbriata (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43 ; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 22, pi. 7, f. 9, . . . . 288 Flammea (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 42; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 21, pi. 6, f. 21, . . 302 Flavescens (Mangilia), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 37, pi. v. f. 11, . . .-.."• 256 Flavescens Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. Ill, 194 Flavidula (Drillia), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, p. 92, . 177 Flavocarinata (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 212, 200 Flavocincta (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Conch. Contr., p. 63, 319 Flavo-nodulosa (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 194, t. 19, f. 21, 202 Flemingiana (Halia), Macgilliv. Moll. Aberd., p. 189. = Buccinum Dalei, Sowb. 318 Flexuosa (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 214, 261 Floridana (Mitromorpha), Dall. Proc. Nat. Mus.,vi, 1883, 317 Fluctuosa (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 416, 1881, 212 Folinese (Lachesis), Ph. Moll. Sic., ii, 1844, p. 189, t. xxvii, f. 10, 225 Folinese (Murex), Chiaje. Mem., t. xlix, f. 12-14. = Lachesis minima, Mont. ...... 225 Foraminata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118, 288 Forbesii (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 37, f. 339. ? = D. brachystoma, Phil. 308 Formicaria (Mangilia), Forbes. JEgean Report, 139, 1844. = M. nebula, Montg. Formicaria (Mangilia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 139, 250 23 344 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Formosa (Clathurella), Jeffreys. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883, 397, t. 44, f. 9 297 Formosa (PL reticulata, var.), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv, 371. = M. Cordieri, Payr. Formosa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 36, f. 331 ; Reeve, Corrections, Conch. Icon. = D. Iseta, Hinds. Forthiensis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 114. = D. accincta, Montg. ..... 310 Fortilirata (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 194, t. 19, f. 22,. . ... 207 Fortis (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844. = D. turgida, Forbes, 308 Foveolata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5, 288 Fragilis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. Ill ; Smith, Zool. Proc , 198, 1879. = D. Lymneiformis, Kiener, 300 Fucata (Drillia). Reeve. Proc. Zool Soc., 1845. p. 110, . 189 Fulgurans (Daphnella), Krauss. Siidafrikan. Moll., p. 109, t. vi, f. 11, . . 311 Fulminata (Pleurotoma), Kiener. Icon., pi. 10, f. 2. = P. tornata, Dillw., var 237 Fulva (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 116. = M. lutescens, Reeve, ....... 253 Fulva (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44, . 210 Fulvocincta (Mangilia), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng., 1875, ii, p. 85, pi. vii, f. 1, . 252 Funebrale (Daphnella), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 100, 1871, 310 Funebris (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, 251 Funiculata (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60, .... . ... 257, 267 Funiculata (Pleurotoma), Yal., MSS. Kiener, Iconog.,t. 16, f. 1. = P. olivacea, Sowb 238 Funiculus (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . 318 Fusca (Bela), Brown. Brit. Shells, 6, t. 5, f. 3, 4. = B. rufa, Mont 224 Fusca (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 4, . . . . 248 Fusca (Pleurotoma), Calcara. = Mangilia Sicula, Reeve. Fusca (Pleurotoma), Homb. and Jacq. Vo}7. Sud Pol. Zool., v, p. Ill, t. 25, f. 19-20. = P. gemmata, Hinds. Fuscata (Pleurotoma), Desh. ?= D. nebula, Montg. . .308 Fuscescens (Drillia), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 125, 1843, . 193 Fuscobalteata (Clathurella), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 196, pi. xix, f. 26, 284 Fuscocincta (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Conch. Contr., p. 62, 319 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 345 PAGE. Fuscoligata (Daphnella), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 100, 1871, 301 Fuscoligata (Mangilia rigida, var.), Opt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 163, 269 Fuscolineata (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii. p. 162, 299 Fuscolineata (Daphnella), Smith. Dunker, Jap. Moll., 25. = D. fuscobalteata, Smith. Fuscolineata (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1845, p. 4; Contrib. Conch., p. 54. = P. monilifera, Sowb 278 Fuscomaculata (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 144, . 299 Fusconotata (Cithara), Cpt. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1864, xiv, p. 46, 271 Fusiformis (Cithara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 268 Fusiformis (Daphnella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 229, pi. 3, f. 58, 303 Fusiformis (Pleurotoma), C. B. Ad. Conch. Contr., p. 64, 319 Fusiformis (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 74, . 318 Fusiformis (Pleurotoma), Requien. Coq. Corse, Suppl., 101, No. 524, bis. = P. anceps, Eichw. . . . .313 Fusoides (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 6. = M. gracilenta, Reeve, ...... 252 Galerita (Pleurotoma), Jeffreys (not Phil.). Brit. Conch., v, 221, t. 102, f. 6. = P. semicolon, S. Wood. Gslerita (Pleurotoma), Philippi. En. Moll. Sic., ii, 172, t. 26, f. 15, 1844, . ... ... 309 Garnonsii (Pleurotoma). Reeve, 4, pi. 1, Conch. Ic., 1843, 163 Garrettii (Cythara), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 147. = Columbella lachryma, Gask. Yol. v, 165. Gealei (Daphnella), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. Hist,, 1882,302, 307 Gemmata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 37, . . 173 Gemmata (Pleurotoma . MacAndrew Report. = P. arnabilis. Jick. Gemmula, Weink. Jahr. Mai. Ges., ii, p. 287, 1876. = Pleurotoma, Sect. 154, 173 Gemmulata (Pleurotoma), Desh. Conch. Reunion, p. 107, pi. xii, f. 8-10. = Mangilia interrupta, Reeve, . . 266 Genotia, H. and A. Adams, em. Gen. Rec. Moll, i, 89, 1853. 154, 174 Gibbera (Defrancia), Jeffreys, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1873, 114, 299 Gibbosa (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 266 Gibbosa (Drillia), Born. Test. Mus. Cses., t. 11, f. 12, 13, . 179 346 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Gigantea (Bela), Morch. Moll. Spitzbergen, No. 33. = B. Schantarica, Midd. Gigas (Pleurotoma), Beck, MSS. Yerkriisen, Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., ii, 239, t. 8, f. 6, 7, 1875. = Bela Schantarica, Midd. Giliberti (Borsonia), Souv. Jcur. Conch., 1874, p. 189, pi. vii, fig. 2, . 228 Gilpini (Bela), Yerkr. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., v, 1878, p. 226, . 222 Ginnannia (Mangilia), Reeve (not Risso). Mangilia, f. 45. ? = PI. septangularis, 223 Ginnannia (Mangilia), Risso. Eur. Merid., iv, 220, t. 7, f. 99. = D. nebula, Montg .307 Glareosa (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., vii, p. 340, . 271 Glumacea (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44 ; Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 24, pi. vii, f. 15, . . . 291 Glyphostoraa, W. M. Gabb. Proc. Ic. N. S. Phila., iii, 270, pi. xi, f. 4, 1872 ; Semper, Verb. Hamburg, 199, 1875. = Mangilia Risso, Sect. ... . 159, 271 Godfroidi (Pleurotoma), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, p. 54, pi. v, f. 12, . .250 Goniodes (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 394, 1881, 242 Goodallii (Mangila), Gray, MSS. Reeve . Mangilia), 58, . 260 Goreensis (Mangilia), von Maltzan. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., 1883, 131, t. 3, f. 11 . . 246 Gouldii (Bela), Yerrill. Trans. Conn. Ac., v, p. 465, pi. Ivii, f. 6, 6 a, 1882, .220 Gracilenta (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 184, 251 Gracilior (Clavatula), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 254, 232 Gracilior (Mitromorpha), Hemphill, ..... 317 Gracillima (Pleurotoma), Weink. Conch. Cab., 26, t. 5, f. 4,5, 1876, 165 Gracillima (Pleurotoma), Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 164, 174 Gracilis (Clathurella), Montagu. Test. Brit., 1. 1, p. 267, pi. xv, f. 5, 312 Gracilis (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60, . 267 Gracilis (Pleurotoma), Marrat. Jour. Conch., i, 240, . . 319 Gracilis (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch., 13, 1836. = P. attenuata, Montagu, ....... 309 Gracilispira (Clathurella), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 196, pi. xix, f. 25 286 Gradata (Cythara), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, ii, p. 93, pi. vii, f. 15, . 262 Grseffei (Pleurotoma), Weink. Jahr., ii, t. 9, f. 9, 10, p. 290, 1875, .173 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 347 PAGB. Grandis (Plcurotoma), Gray. Griff. Guv. An. Kingd., pi. xxiii, f. 1, . . .163 Grandis (Pusionella), A. Adams. Zool. Proc., 73, 1853. = P. vulpina, Born, .... ... 235 Granicostata (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. xxxv, f. 323, 1846, . . 287 Granosa (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 162, 1871, 295 Granulata (Nessea), Risso. Hist., t. iv, p. 223, f. 67, 68. = Lachesis minima, Montg. ...... 225 Granulatissima (Lachesis), Morch. Mai. Blatt., vii, p. 103, 226 Granulatus (Fusus), Calcara. Ric. Malac., 1839, f. 10. = Lachesis Folineee, Phil. . .... 225 Granuliferum (Pleurotoma), Brugn., 1862. = P. brachystoma, Phil. 308 Granulosa (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 139, . 196 Granulosissima (Clathurella), T.- Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., p. 37,1878, ....'.. .282,285 Granum (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Moll. Sicil., ii, 170. = P. clathrata, Marcel, .276 Gratula (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 64, 1881, 213 Gravis (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 16, pi. v, f. 6, -'."'. . . .229 Grayi (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 114, 296 Greenlandica (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. xxxvii, f. 343. = B. bicarinata, Conch 215 Griffithii (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 57, 1843. = D. crenularis, Lam 178 Gruneri (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Zeit. f. MaL, 1848, p. 12. = P. Virgo, Lam. Guarani (Mangilia), d'Orb. Moll. Amer. Mer., p. 445, pi. Ixxvii, f. 13, 14, 247 Guerinii (Pleurotoma), Duval. Revue Zool., 1845, p. 212, . 166 Guestieri (Pleurotoma), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 1872, p. 362 ; 1873, p. 58, pi. iv, f. 3. = M. reticulata, Reeve, 262 Guildingii (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 116, . .279 Gypsata (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 413, 1881, 212 Hsedropleura, Monterosato,Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 85, 1883. = Bela, Sect. . . . 156, 223 Halia, Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. merid., iv, 52, 1826, . 161, 318 Hamata (Mangilia), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. H., xv, p. 399, 1865, .251 Hanleyi (Cithara), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 164, . . 271 Hanleyi (Drillia), Carp. Mazat. Shells, p. 398. = D. rustica, Sowb. 348 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Harfordiana (Plenrotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 183. = D. nigerrima, Sowb., var., . . . .196 Harpa (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 144, 299 Harpula (Pleurotoma), Yalenc., MSS. Kiener, Iconog., 58, t. 18, f. 3. = D. harpularia, Desmoulins. Harpularia (Bela), Couth. Bos. Jour. N. H., 11, p. 106, pi. 1, f. 10, 1838, 219 Harpularia (Bela), G. O. Sars. Moll. Re£. Arct. Norv., p. 234, pi. 16, f. 17, pi. ix, f. 3a-c, 1878. = B. turricula, Montg. . . . . . . .219 Harpularia (Drillia), Desmoulins. Revis. Pleur., p. 56, . 193 Harrisoni (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoria, xiv, p. 56, 306 Harveyi (Bela), Verkr. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., v, p. 225, 1878, 222 Hastula (Pleurotoma \ Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 187. = P. marmorata, Lam. ....... 165 Havanensis (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo., ix, 67, 1881, ... 213 Hayesiana (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 17, pi. i,fig. 17, 281 Hebes (Bela), Verrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Hi, p. 367. = B. decussata, Couth., var. .... . .217 Helicoides (Bulla), Brocchi. Conch, foss. snbap., t. 1, f. 9 a and 6, p. 283, 1814. = fossil var. of Halia Priam us, Meuschen. Hemimeres (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 398, 1881, . 242 Hemphilli (Drillia), Stearns. Proc. Cal. Ac., v, p. 80, pi. 1, f. 3, 185, 319 Heptagona (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 161, . 299 Heptagona (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Notizie, 42, t. 1, f. 9. = PI. septangularis, Mont. Hexagona (Mangilia), Gabb. Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S., 1865, iii, p. 185, 249 Hexagona (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 139, 187 Hexagonalis (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118, . . . . .251 Hexagonum (Pleurotoma), Pfr. Arch. f. Nat., 1840, i, p. 258, . . . 299 Hindsii (Clathurella), Ref ve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 186, 289 Hirsutum (Pleurotoma, Folin. Meleagrinicoles, 59, pi. v, f. 18, . . 270 Histrix (Defrancia), Jan. Bellardi, Mon. Pleur. Fos. Piem., <;13, t. 4, f. 14. = C. Cordieri, Payr. . . 275 Holbolii (Bela), Beck. = Columbella rosacea, Gould. Manual, v, . 223 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 349 PAGE. Homotoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, 264, 1877. = Daphnella, Sect. . 160 Hondurasensis (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, 194 Hormophora (Pleurotoraa), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 457, 1881, 299 Hornbeckii (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, 248 Hottentota (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 208, 191 Humilis (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 193, pi. 19, f. 20, . 203 Hyalina (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 116, 301 Hypsela (Mangilia), Watson, Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 433, 1881, 249 Igniflua (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 1 13, 302 Immaculata (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 142, . ... ... 306 Impages (Drillia), Adams and Reeve. Zool.Voy. Samarang, p. 39, t. 9,f 1 a, 6, . . . • 184 Imperfectum (Pleurotoma), Folin, Meleagrinicoles, p. 60, pi. v, f. 17, . v • 250 Imperialis (Clavatula), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, p. 91, . 229 Implicata (Clavatula), Reeve. P. Z. S., 1845, p. 110, . . 230 Impressa (Bela), Verrill. Proc.U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 365, 1880. = B. incisula, Verrill. Impressa (Bela), Beck. Morch, Moll. Spitzb., No. 31 ; Ann. Soc. Mai. Belg., iv, 21, 1869, 220 Impressa (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sul., p. 21, pi. 6, f. 23, 24 ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44, .... 189 Incerta (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 496, . 211 Incilis (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 425, . . 212 Incincta (Pieurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc.,xv, 438, 1881, 307 Incisa (Drillia). Opt. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, • p. 62, . 182 Incisa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. = D. Maravignse, Bivona. Reeve, Corrections. Incisula (Bela), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Ac., v, p. 461, pi. xliii. f. 12; pi. Ivii, f. 14. = B. decussata, Couth., var. 217 Inconstans (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xv, p. 417, . . . - 212 Incrassata (Pleurotoma), Dujardin. Mem. Geol., ii, p. 292, t. 20, f. 28. = D. Maravignse, Bivona. Incrassata (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 138. = D. Bottse, Val 192 350 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Incrusta (Drillia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1876, p. 136. = C. Letourneuxiana, Crosse, .... 286 Indica (Pleurotoma), Deshayes. Voy. Indes-Orient, p. 421, pi. ii,f. 9-10, . ... ... 168 Indistincta (Mangilia), Monterosato. Nuov. Revista, p. 43; Enum. Conch., 107. ? = M. Bertrandi, Payr. . . .244 Inepta (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H.', 1882, 217, .248 Inermis (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 37, . 182 Inflata (Clathurella), Crist, et Jan. Monts. Nuova Revista, 274 Inflata (Pleurotoma), PMlippi. Moll. Sicil., i, 197, t. 11, f. 24. = P. Leufroyi, Michaud. Inflexa (Clathurella), Martens. Mittheil., iir p. 108, pi. 21, figs. 10-12, . .280 Infrasulcata (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 220, pi. 2, f. 35. = C. cavernosa, Reeve, . . 290 Inquinata (Pleurotoma^, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 117, ... 304 Insculpta (Mangilia), Ad. and Ang. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 420, pi. 37, f. 8, . . . 256 Insculpta (Pleurotoma), Mighels. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, p. 189, . . 319 Insignis (Pleurotoma), Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5 ser., xii, 120, 1883. = PL circinata, Dall, . . .316 Intaminata (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1861, p. 339, . .271 Intercalaris (Defrancia), Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1*56, p. 163, 299 Interfossa (Daphnella), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, p. 29, xv, 310 Interlirata (Mangilia), Stearns. Proc. Cal. Ac., iv, p. 226, pi. l,f. 10, . . . . 249 Intermaculata (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 193, pi. 19, f. 19, .... ... 202 Intermedia (M. linearis, var.), Forbes and Hanley, iii, 471. = M. linearis, Mont., var. Interpunctata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 207, . 191 Interrupta (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 265 Interrupta (Daphnella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., I860, p. 147, .... . . .307 Interrupta (Drillia), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii^ p. 92, . 181 Interrupta (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833. = P. astricta, Reeve, ....... 241 Interstriata (Cythara), E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, p. 538, pi. xxx, f. 11, 1876, 272 Interstrigata (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 208, 191 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 351 PAGE. Intertincta (Drillia), Edg. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 497 201 Ipara (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Com. Zool., ix, p. 57, 312 Isabella (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 73, . .318 Ischna (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 403, 1881, 242 Ishnula, Clark. = Bela, Leach. Isseli (Cythara), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng, 1875, ii, p. 94, pi. vii, p. 17, . . . 272 Jacksonensis (Daphnella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 37. pi. v, tig. 10, 311 Japonica (Lachesis), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1860, v, p. 411 ; Zool. Proc., 1879, 198, t. 20, f. 29, . . . . 226 Japonica (Drillia), Lischke. Mai. Blat., xvi, p. 105 ; Jap. Meer. Conch., p. 32, 1869, 202 Japonicus (Fusus), Gray. = Columbarium Pagoda. Javana (Pleupotoma), Kien. and Reeve (not Linn.). = P. tornata, Dill .237 Javana (Surcula), Linn. Ed. xiii, p. 3541, . . . 237 Jayana (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Contr., p. 61. == D. zebra, Lam. Jeffreysii (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xv, p. 417, 177 Jelskii (Pleurotoma), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xiii, p. 33, pi. i, f. 6, 7. = P. Yirgo, Lam. . ... 168 Jenisseensis (Pleurotoma', Leche. Kongl. So. Yet. Akad. Hand. Bd. 16, No. 2, p. 56. = var. B. pyramidalis, Strom., 216 Jessoensis (Bela), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xv, p. 419, 223 Jewetti (Clathurella), Stearns. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 346, 277 Jickelii (Pleurotoma), Weinkauff. Conch. Cab., t. 4, f. 2, 3, 1876, 164 Jubata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 37, 171 Kaderlyi (Surcula), Lischke. Mai. Blat., xix, p. 100, . . 239 Kennicotti (Drillia), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 102, pi. 16, f. 2, 1871, ... 209 Kieneri (Pleurotoma), Doumet. Mag. de Zool. Moll., 1834, pi. x. = P. carinata, Gray. Kieneri (Pleurotoma), Maravigna. Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc., 1840. = B. rufa, Mont. . 224 Kingensis (Daphnella), Petterd. Jour, of Conch., ii,p. 102, 306 Kobelti (Bela), Yerk. Nach. Mai. Gesell., 1876, p. 17, No. 8. = B. decussata, Couth., var 217 352 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Kraussii (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 500, . 234 Labecula (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. 8, p. 281, 271 Labiosa (Clathurella), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 731, pi. Ixxv, f. 9, 292 Lachesis, Risso. Hist. Nat. Ear. Merid.,iv,211, 1826, . 156, 224 Lactea (Defrancia), Moller. Reeve, Icon., sp. 324. = Bela Molleri, Reeve. Lactea (Pleurotoma \ Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 186. = P. tricarinata, Reeve, 289 Lacunosa ^Clathurella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 33$, 299 Laeta (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 41, . . 186 Laevigata (Bela), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 98, t. 16, f. 7, 1871. = B. Schantarica, Midd. Lsevigata (Pleurotoma), Phil. Enum. Mol. Sic., i, p. 199, pi. xi, f. 17, ii, 169. = D. nebula, Montg. . . . .307 Lsevior (Bela), Leche. Kongl. So. Vet. Akad. Hand. Bd. 16, No. 2, p. 55. = var. B. pyramidalis. Strom. . . .216 Lsevis (Drillia), Button. Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Zeal., p. 12, . 212 Lsevisculpta (Taranis), Monts. Bull. Soc. Mai. Ital., vi, 75, 1880, . 316 Lsevisulcata (Crassispira), H. F. von Maltzan. Jahr. Malac. Geseli., 1883, 122, t. 3, f. 6. == D. coccinata, Reeve. Lallemantiana (Clathurella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, p. 423. = C. Letourneuxiana, Crosse, var., t. 11, f. 5, . 286 Lamberti (Drillia), Montr. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iv, 117, t. 2, f. 10, 1860, 198 Lamellata (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60, 265 Lanceolata (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 66, 271 Lanceolata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. Ill, 181 Lan^uida (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. lf5, 296 Laqueata (Mangilia), Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 280, 1846, . 246 Laterculata (Pleurotoma), G. B. Sowerby. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 253, . ... . 166 Latifasciata (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 253 = D. Japonica, Lischke. Latisinuata (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 494, 177 Latizonata (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,212, 199 Lauta (Drillia), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 220, pi. 15, f. 18, 206 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 353 PAGB. Lavalleana (Pleurotoma), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 174, t. 24, f. 7-9. = C. Antillarum, d'Orb. . .279 La Vise (Fusus , Calcara. Cenno sui Moll, della Sic., 37, t. 4, f. 20. = Pleurotoma aneeps, Eich. . . . 313 La Vise (Pleurotoma), Phil. Enum. Mol. Sic., ii, p. 170, pi. xxvi, f. 9. = PI. purpureum, Mont., . . 295 Lefebvrei (Buccinum), Maravig. Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 325. = Lachesis minima, Montagu, . . . 225 Lelieuri (Clavatula), Recluz. Jour. Conch., ii, p. 210 t. 5, f. 7, 1851, - 228 Lemniscata (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. R. A. S., Ceylon Branch, 1869. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, ii, p. 92, pi. vii', f. 11, • 297 Lepta (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc.,xv, p. 391, 1881, • 242 Letourneuxiana (Daphnella), Hutton. Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Z. = C. Sinclair!, E. A. Smith, . . 283 Letourneuxiana (Mangilia), Crosse. Jour, de Couch., 1865, p. 425, pi. 11, f. 7, 286 Leuckarti (Mangilia), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 228. = M. costulata, Bunker, 255 Leucocyma (Drillia), Ball. Proc. Nat. Mus., vi, 328, t. 10, f. 8, 1883. = D. zebra, Lam., var. Leucolabratum (Pleurotoma), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, p. 55, pi. v, f. 13, . . . . . . 250 Leucomata (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus, Comp. Zool., ix, 63, 1881, .213 Leucophlegma (Daphnella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 70, . 306 Leucostoma (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. xxxi, f. 278. = B. decussata, Couth. ... .217 Leucotropis (Pleurotoma), Adams and Reeve. Toy. Sama- rang, t. 10, f. 7. =^= P. oxytropis, Sowb. . . 169 Leufroyi (Pleurotoma), Michaud. Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord., pi. 2, f. 5 and 6, . . 276 Levidensis (Mangilia), Cpt. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, p. 63 . .251 Levukensis (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 432, 1881, . . . .261 Lienardia, Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, viii, xl, 1884. = Glyphostoma, Uabb, .271 Ligata (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. H. and A. Adams, Genera, i, 100, 249 Limacina (Daphnella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 55, 102, 306 354 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Limonitella (Drillia), Dall. Proc. Nat. Mus., vi, 329. t. 10, f. 10, 1883, ... . 320 Lincta (Plenrotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 442, 1881, 312 Linearis (Clathurella), Montagu. Test. Brit., p. 261, pi. 9, f. 4, 276 Lineata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, . 253 Lineata (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, p. 93, . 231 Lineolata (Lachesis), Tiberi. Jour, de Conch., 1868, p. 76, pi. v, f. 5, 225 Lineolata (Clathurella), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 337, 295 Lirata (Mitromorpha), A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 3d ser., xv, 322, 1865, . . 317 Lirata (Pleurotoma), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., v, p. 68, 1868, . . 169 Lirata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 117, 296 Lirata (Pusionella), A. Adams, Zool. Proc., 73, 1853. ?= P. Milleti, Petit, .235 Lissotropis (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 58, . . 312 Lithocolleta (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 441, 1881, 312 Livida (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, . 253 Livida (Pleurotoma), Moller. Moll. Groenl.,p. 14. = B. bicarinata, Couth. . . . . . 215 Lividus (Strom bus), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, x, 746. ? = Pleurotoma auriculifera, Lam. Loeviana (Mangilia), Forbes. Reeve, Icon., f. 290, 1845. = D. costulata, Blainv 309 Longispira (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 190, pi. 19, f. 14, . .202 Lophoessa (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, p. 252, 1882, 212 Loprestiana (Drillia), Calcara. Nuov. Sp. Conch. Sicil., 7, 1841 ; Monterosato, II. de Conch., xxii, 278, . . .209 Lota (Cythara), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, p. 339, 271 Lucida (Mangilia), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 1875, pt. ii, p. 84, pi. viii, f. 15, ... . 257 Luctuosa (Mangilia), d'Orb. Sagra. Hist. N. Cuba, ii, p. 172, 1846, pi. xxiii,f. 29-31, 246 Luctuosa (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 40, . 195 Luhdorfi (Genotia), Lischke. Mai. Blatt., xix, p. 100, . 175 Lupinus (Fusus), Philippi. Abbild., Hi, 118, 1850. = Pusionella Milleti, Petit, 235 Lurida (Pleurotoma), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang Moll., p. 40, pi. x, f. 5. == P. Javaria, Linn. . . .237 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 355 PAGE. Lutea (Borsonia), Pease. Zool. Proc., 143, 1860, . . 227 Lntea (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, p. 340, 261 Lnteofasciata (Defrancia), Button. Jour, de Conch., It, 1878. = M. Sinclair}, E. A. Smith. Luteo-fasciata (Pleurotoina), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 114. = Mangilia albovittata, C. B. Ad. . . .248 Lutescens (Mangilia), Reeve. Corrections, Conch. Icon. .253 Lyciaca (Bela , Forbes, Reeve, Conch. Icon.,sp. 160, 1844, 221 Lymneiformis (Daphnella), Kiener. Pleurotoma, 62, t. 22, f. 3, . . . , , . . . . .300 Lyra (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc, Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 59. = M. citharella, Lam 257 Lyratum (Pleurotoma), Pfr. (Gm.) Kritisches Register, p. vii 319 Lyrica (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, . 268 Lysidia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26, f. 15, 16, .... .... 198 Macandrewi (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 802, 307 MacCoyi (Cythara), Petterd. Jour, of Conch., ii, p. 103, . 271 Macgillivrayi (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Contrib., p. 54. = Bela Trevelyana, Turton. Macleayi (Clathurella), Brazier. Proc, Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales,i, 157, 299 Macra (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 437, 1881, 249 Macrostoma (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 39, f. 362, 279 Maculata (Achatina), Swains. Exotic Conch., p. 27. — E[alia Priamus, Meuschen, 318 Maculata (Defrancia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 62, 299 Maculata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 259 Maculosa (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 242 ; Am. Jour. Conch., Hi, p. 219, pi. 15, f. 16. = C, felina, Hinds, 293 Maculosa (Daphnella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 148, 307 Maculosa (Surcula), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 135, 236 Magellanica (Daphnella), Phil. Mai. Blatt, xv, p. 223, . 306 Magellanica (Drillia Patagonica, var.), Martens. Sitzb. Bed., 77, 1881, 208 Major (Drillia), Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 59, . .178 Makimonos (Oligotoma), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, 198, t. 10, f. 4, 319 Malleti (Clathurella), Reel. J. Conch., 1852, p. 254, t. 10, f. 2, 297 Mamillata (Lachesis), Risso. Hist., t. iv, p. 211, f. 65. = L, minima, Montg, ,...,.. 225 356 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Mandarina (Pleurotoma), Smith. Marrat, Jour, of Conch., i, 240. = P. pluteata, Reeve, 240 Mangilia, Risso, em. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., iv, 219, 1826, 158 Mangiliella, Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 85, 1883. = Mangilia, Risso. Mangiliinse, 153 Manrum (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 497. - D. Buchanani, Hutton. Maravignae (Pleurotoma), Bivona. Gen. Posth., p. 13, . 199 Margaritifera (Mangilia), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 354, 1846, 258 Marginelloides (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60, . . . 261 Mariei (Drillia), Crosse. Jour. Conch., xvii, p. 178, 1869; Jour. Conch., p. 67, pi. ii, f. 5, 1872, . . . .190 Marmarina (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 429, 1881, . 191 Marmorata (Daphnella), Hinds. Moil. Voy. Sulph., p. 25, pi. 7, f. 19 302 Marmorata (Pleurotoma), Brug. Enc. Meth., t. 439, f. 6. = P. tigrina, Lam. Marmorata (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. s. Yert., vii, p. 95, 165 Marmorosa (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846. p. 64, 272 Martensi (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. -S. Beng., 1875, ii, p. 91, pi. vii, f. 8, 291 Masoni (Clathurella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc., 1875, t. 7, f. 7, 293 Mastersi (Drillia), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, i, p. 153, 1877, . ... 212 Massena (Murex), Chiaje (non Risso). Mem., t. xlix, f. 17-19. = Lachesis candidissima, Phil 225 Maura (Pleurotoma), Kien. Coq. Viv., p. 59, pi. 23, f. 1 (not Sowb.). = D. aterrima, Sowb. Maura (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134, . 181 Mediocris (Drillia), Desh. Moll. Reunion, p. 108, pi. xii, f. 11, 1863, ... 187 Mediofasciata (Mangilia nebula, var.), von Maltzan. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., 1883, t. 3, f. 12, p. 132, = D. nebula, Mtg. 308 Melanacme (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 213, 199 Melanostoma (Cithara), Garrett. = M. angicostata, Reeve, 252 Melatorna, Swainson. Malac., 202, 342, 1840. = Clionella, Gray. Melchersi (Pleurotoma), Menke. Zeit. f. Mai., 1851, p. 20. = D. aterrima, Sowb. Menkei (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 75, . . 318 Meredithiae (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Roy. Soc. Tas.^ 1875, p. 142, 261 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 357 Meridionalis (Lachesis), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 28, pi. iv, f. 3, 226 Merita (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 42 ; Voy. Sulphur, 21, t. 6, f. 20, . . .280 Mesochilostoma, Seely. = Clavatula. Metcalfei (Drillia), Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 113, pi. 13, f. 16. = D. Sinensis, Hinds. Metcalfei (Mangilia), Thorpe. Brit. Mar. Conch., p. xlvi. = M. costata, Forbes and Hanley. Metcalfei (Pleurotoma), Hanley. Petit, Shells Eur., 152. = M. nebula, Montg. Metcalfiana (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 114, . . . 288 Metula (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44 ; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 23, pi. 7, f. 12, 269 Mica (Mangilia), Phil. Zeit. f. Mai., 1849, p. 31, . . 261 Micans (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43 ; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 22, pi. 7, f. 5, . . . . 290 Micans (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. ii, p. 23, . . . , 319 Microstoma (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 210, 199 Militaris (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 38, . 181 Milium (Mangilia), Phil. Zeit. f. Mai., 1851. p. 79, . . 271 Millegrana (Daphnella), Garrett. Proc. AN. S., Phila., 1873, p. 230, pi. 3, f. 59, 303 Millestriata (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Ma^. N. H., 1882,217, 248 Milleti (Pusionella), Petit. Jour, de Conchyl., ii, 77, t. 1, f. 6, 1851, 235 Mindanensis (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 493, . .211 Minima (Bela), Brown. Brit. Conch., 6, t. 5, f. 35, 36. ? = B. rufa, Montg 224 Minima (Lachesis), Montagu. Test. Brit., tab. viii,f. 2, 1803, 224 Minor (Defrancia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 4, 299 Minnta (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Reeve, Icon, sp., 158, 1844, 309 Minuta (Drillia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1876, p. 136, . 210 Minutissima (Drillia), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 218, pi. ii, f. 30, 207 Minutistriata (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882,213, 261 Minutum (Pleurotoma), Aradas, 1847. = P. anceps, Eich. Mitneformis (Genotia), Wood. Index. Test. Sup., pi. v, f. 5, 174 Mitraeformis (Zafra), A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1860, vi, p. 332, 313 358 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Mitralis (Bela), Ad. and Ang. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 420, 223 Mitrella (Genotia), Ball. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 56, 1881, 175 Mitromorpha, A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, xv, p. 322. = S. G. of Daphnella, 161,317 Mitrula (Bela), Verrill. Proc. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 366. = B. concinnula, var. acuta, Verrill, .... 221 Mitrula (Pleurotoma), Loven. Sars, Moll. Norv., 233, t. 23, f. 9. ? = B. turricula, Monts:. 219 Mitrus (Murex), Wood. Ind. Test. Sup., pi. v, f. 5. = Pleurotoma raurieata, Lam. Modesta (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 38, pi. v, f. 15, 285 Modesta (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 136, 1833. = P. cincta, Lam. . 242 Modesta (Pleurotoma). Weinkauff. Kuster, Conch. Cab., 44, t. 9, f. 9. = P. astricta, Reeve, 241 Modica (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 213, . 261 Modiolus (Pleurotoma), Jan. Cat., p. 10, n. 17, 1832. = Spirotropis carinata, Phil .213 Mcesta (Drillia), Cpr. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 3d ser., xv, 1865, p. 366, . ... 183 Molleri (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. xxxv, f. 324, 1846. ? = B. concinnula, Verrill, 221 Monastiche (Pleurotoma), Menke, MS. in coll, et litt. = P. pulchra, Gray. Monile (Clavatula), Valen. Kien., Coq. viv., p. 52, t. 15, f . 3 , . 232, 242 Monilifera (Columbella), Sowb/ Zool. Proc., 1844; Man. Conch., v, 149. = Clathurella, . . . . .278 Monilifera (Turris), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860. p. 398 ; Am. Jour. Conch., v, 68, 1870. = P. gemmata, Hinds. Moniliger (Pleurotoma), Cantraine. Petit, Cat. Shells Eur., 154. = D. Loprestiana, Calcara. Moniliopsis, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 143, 1865. = Drillia. Monoceros (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 449, .315 Montereyensis (Drillia), Stearns. Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S., v, p. 80, pi. i,f. 2, .184 Montrouzieri (Mangilia), Souv. Jour. Conch., 2d ser., iv, 370 ; 3d ser., i, 275, pi. xi, f. 7, . . 273 Moquiniana (Drillia), Montr. Jour. Conch., 1874, p. 193, pi. vii, f. 5, . . . . . . . . . 207 Morchi (Pieurotoma), Leche, Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand., 16, ii, p. 57, t. 1, f. 18. = Bela Schantarica, Midd. INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 359 PAGE. Morchi (Pleurotoma), Malm. Goteborgs. Yet. o Yitt. Samh. HdL, 1863, viii, t. 2, fig. 15, 315 Moretonica (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 299, 299 Morra (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 69, 1881, 213 Mucronata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, . 198 Multicostata (Bela), Yerkr. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., v, p. 227, 1878 222 Multilineare (Pleurotoma), Brown. = M. linearis, Mont. Multilineata (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 3. = M. polyzonata, H. and A. Ad. . . 248 Multilineolata (Raphitoma), Brusina. Contr., p. 65. = Mangilia ruol. Soc., 1845, p. 119, 291 Polytorta (Drillia), Pall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 61, 1881, 212 Polyzonata (Mangilia), H. and A. Ad. Genera, i, . . 248 Polyzonatum (var. of Pleurotoma minutum), Brugnone. Pleur. toss., t. 1, f. 10. = P. auceps, Eich. . . .313 Ponderosa (Mangilia), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. vi, f. 44, . 262 Pouloensis(01igotoma),Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, 199 319 Pourtalesii (Pleurotoma), Pall. Bull. Mus. Com. Zool.,ix, 60, 312 Prattii (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 498, 212 Priamus, Beck. Deshayes, Lam. edit., ii, viii, 299, 1838. = Halia, Risso. Priamus (Halia), Meuschen. Cat. Mus. Gronov., No. 1355, 1778, 318 Priapus (Helix), Gmel., p. 3654, No. 198, 1788. = Halia Priamus, Meuschen, ...... 318 Prismatica (Pleurotoma), Brugnone. = P. costata, Forbes and Hanley. Producta (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 143, 298 Pruina ( Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 453, 315 Pseud o-carinata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 115, 254 Pseudotoma, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, p. 209, 1877. = Genotia, Section, 154 Pudens (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 461, 1881, . . 299 Pudica (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph.,p. 20, pi. 6,f. 11, 12; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 41,' 189 Pulchella (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 219, pi. 3, f. 32. = C. purpurasceiis, Punker, . . 298 Pulchella (Clathurella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 18GO, p. 144, .299 Pulchella (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 265 Pulchella (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. Ill, . 186 Pulchella (Taranis), Verrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 368, 1880; Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 487, t. 57, f. 17, . . 315 Pulcherrima ( Clathurella), H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 14, pi. iii, f. 26, 289 Pulchra (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 351, 1846. = D. zebra, Lain. INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 367 PAGE. Pulla(Bela), Reeve. Adams' Genera, i, 921, . . .228 Pumila (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc., p. 23, 1845, 298 Punctata (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 103, . 299 Punctata(Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc.Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 111. = P. tuberculata, Gray, . .... 237 Punctata (Pleurotoma), Schubert et Wagner. Suppl., p. 155, pi. 234, f. 4103, a, b. = P. tigrina/Lam. Punctatostriata (Drillia), Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 164, 213 Puncticincta (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 115 290 Punctifera (Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 222, pi. 2, f. 39, 293 Punsrens (Clavatula), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1861, 339, 299 Pungens (Pleurotoma), Monterosato. = C. Cordieri, Payr., var. 275 Pupoidea (Zafra), H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 14, pi. iii, f. 27, 314 Pura (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1861,339, 306 Pura (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64, . 254 Purpurascens (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xvii, p. 160, 1871, . . ... 298 Purpurata (Pleurotoma), Souv. J. C., 2d ser., iv, 370, 1860 ; Sdser., i, 276, pi. 11, f. 8, 1861, 298 Purpurea (Clathurella), Mont. Test. Brit., 260, t. 9, f. 13, 275 Pusilla (Bela), var, of B. decussata, Couth. Verrill, Tr. Conn. Ac., v,481. Pusilla (Borsonia), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 163, . .228 Pusilla (Cythara),. Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 147, . 271 Pusilla (Drillia), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 219, pi. ii, f. 31. = D. exilis, Pease. Pusilla (Mangilia), Reeve. Zool. Proc., 63, 1846. = M. funebris, Reeve, 251 Pusillum (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat., p. 13, pi. xxvi, f. 2. = Mangilia multilineolata, Desh. Pusio (Buccinum), Born. Mus. Caes.,p. 316. = Pusionella Nifat, Brug. 235 Pusionella, Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., 137, 1847, . . 158, 234 Pustulata (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 38, pl.v,f. 14, . . . 285 Pustulosum (Pleurotoma), Folin. Meleagrinicoles, p. 56, pi. v, f. 1, 298 Putillus (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 113, . 200 Pygmaea (Bela), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Ac., v, p. 460, pi. Ivii, f. 8. — B. decussata, Couth., var 217 368 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Pygmsea (Clathurella), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 63, 299 Pygmsea (Drillia), Bunker, 206 Pygmaea (Mangilia), Dkr. Moll. Japon., t. 1, f. 8, . . 257 Pyramid alls (Bela), Strom. Nov. Act. Dan., iii, p. 296, f. 22, 215 Pyramidalis (Mangilia), Reeve Iconica, pi. v, f. 13, . . 261 Pyramidata '(Drillia), Kiener. Coq. viv., 57, t. 21, f. 3, . 205 Pyramidatus (Fusus), Brown. Illust. Conch. Gt. Brit, 7, t. 5, f. 8, 9, 1827. = Plenrotoma nebula, Montagu. Pyramidula (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 115, . . 286 Pyramis (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 42, 253 Pyrrha (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 409, 1881, 182 Quadrata (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 114, 278 Quadrifasciata (Drillia), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 251, 1845, 195 Qradrilineata (Defiancia), C. B. Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 64. ? = M. trilineatR, C. B. Ad. . . . . . 248 Quadrilirata (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 208, 191 Quadrillum (Pleurotoma), Dujardin. Mem. Geol., iii, 291, t. 20, f. 23. = C. clathrata, Marcel, . . . .276 Quadruplex (Pleurotoma , Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, p. 253, 1882, . . .234 Quisqualis (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 19, pi. vi, f. 5 ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44, . . . . 257 Quoyi (Pleurotoma', Desh. Lam., 2d ed., ix, p. 346. = D. Novae-Zelandiae, Reeve Quoyi (Pleurotoma), Desmoulins. Rev. de Pleu., p. 61. = P. monile, Val 232 Quoyi (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon , sp. 137, . . 242 Radula (Surcula), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 16, pi. 5, f. 9, 62 ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 16, . . . 242 Radulaeformis (Pleurotoma), Weink. Conch. Cab., t. 19, f. 7, 9. = P. radula, Hinds, . . . . . .242 Raffrayi (Pleurotoma), Tap.-Can. Bull. Soc Zool. Fr., iii, p. 246, pi. vi,f. 1, 1878, . . 163 Ramsa}ri (Clathurella), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales,i, 157, .... .... 299 Raphitoma, Bellardi. Monog. Pleur. Foss., 1847. = Daphnella, Sect 160 Rapulum (Pusionella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 83, 1846, . 235 Rarieostata (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 192, t. J9,f. 18, 202 Rava (Clathurella), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 17, pi. 5, f. 18, ... 296 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 369 PAGE, Reeiproca (Pleurotoma), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., vii, p. 336, 1860, .171 Reclusianus (Fusus), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 77, t. 1, f. 1, 1851. = Pusionella vulpina, Born. . . . 235 Recondita (Bela), Tiberi. = Plenrotoma torquata, Phil. . 275 Recondita (Lachesis), Brug. Misc. Malac., 1873, p. 10, f. .15. — L vulpecula, Monts 225 Recurvirostris (Pusionella), Marrat. Quart. Jour, of Conch., i, 180, 236 Reeveana (Daphnella), Tryon, . ... 305 Reeveana (Pleurotoma), Desh. Moll. Bourbon., 106, pi. xii, f. 5-7, 1863, . . .291 Reevei (Mangilia), Tryon, . .... 265 Reevei (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Contr., p. 54 (not Bel- lardi). = P. violacea, Hinds. Reflexa (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1845, p. 114, 288 Regia (Drillia \Beck. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 75, 1843, . 201 Regularis (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4, . 189 Renieri (Pleurotoma), Phil. En. Moll. Sic., ii, t. 26, f. 22, 1844. = P. emendata, Monterosato. Renieri (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Petit, Cat. Shells Eur., 154. = D. Loprestiana, Calcara. Reticosa (Clathurella), Ad. and Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 420, 281 Reticulata (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, 262 Reticulata (Bela), Vahl. Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 278. = B. decussata, Couth. . . . . . . .217 Reticulata (Mangilia), Renieri. Tav. alf. Conch. Adriat., p. 2. = C. Cordieri, Payr 276 Reticulata (Pleurotoma), Brown. Brit. Shells, 1827. = Bela Trevelyana, Turton, 221 Reticulata (Pleurotoma). Garr. Proc. Cal. Ac., vol. i, p. 102, 1857. = P. pumila, Migh 298 Reticulosa (Pleurotoma), "Smith. Ann. Mag. K H., 1882, 297, . . . 299 Retusa (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44 ; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 24, pi. 7, f. 16, . . 290 Retusispirata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 490, 1877, . .... .170 Rhysa (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 400, 1881, . . 242 Richard! (Cithara), Crosse. Jour. Conch., xvii, p. 177, 1869) ; p. 65, pi. ii, fig. 3, 1872. = M. reticulata, Reeve. 262 Rigicla (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63. = M. Yauquelini, Payr .243 370 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Rigida (Man^ilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 45 ; Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 24, pi. 7, f. 18, 269 Rissoides (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 184, 281 Robillardi (Clathurella), Barcl. H. Ad., P. Z. S. 1869, p. 272, pi. 19, f. 2, 284 Robusta (Bela), Packard. Mem. Bost. Soc., i, p. 232, pi. vii, f. 12 222 Robusta (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 17, pi. 5, f 12, 180 Robusta (Pieurotoma^ S. Y. Wood. == P. turricula, Mont. 219 Robusticostata (Mangtlia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 198, t. 19, f. 28, 255 Rombergi (Pieurotoma), Morch. Jl. de Conch., vi, 28, t. 10, f. 6, 1857. = P. picta, Beck, 164 Rosaeea (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 109, . 179 Rosaria (Clionella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 3, . 233 Rosea (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 234, t. 23, f. 10, 1878. = B. turricula, Mont 219 Rosea (Pieurotoma \ Brusina. Yerhand. zoo.-bot. Ges., Wien, 1865. = M. linearis, Mont. Rosea (Pieurotoma), Quoy. Yoy de 1'Astr., p. 524, pi. 35, f. 10, 11. = D. Novae-Zelandise, Reeve. Rosea (Clathurella), Dunker. = C. Blanfordi, Nevill, . 291 Rosea (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134, . 190 Roseotincta (Pieurotoma), Montrouzier. Jour, de Conch., 1872, p. 361 ; 1873, pi. iv, f. 1, 272 Rosolina (Drillia), Marrat. Jour. Conch., i, 239, . . 190 Rossmassleri (Fusus), Anton. Yerzeichn., 126. ? = Pleur. Yauquelini, Pay 243 Rotundata (Pieurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv,p. 393, 1881, . . 242 Rotundicostata (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 493, ' 211 Rouaultia, Bellardi. Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. 2, 223, 1877. = Genotia, Sect. ........ 154 Rougeyroni (Pieurotoma), Souv. Jour. Conch., 1874, p. 187, pi. vii, f. 1. = D. Barcliensis, H. Adams. Rubescens (Bela), Jeffreys. Proc. Roy. Soc., xxv, p. 183, 223 Rubida (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1834, p. 40; Moll. Yoy. Sulph., 18, pi. 6, f. 6, . . 271 Rubicunda (Clathurella), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., vii, p. 338, 299 Rubiginosa (Drillia), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 22, pi. 7, f. 5; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43, . > . . . .199 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 371 Rubinicolor (Clionella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. Ill, ........ . .234 Rubricata(Clnthurella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 39,f.321, 1846, 279 Rubrifasciata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 110, . . . • • 229 Rubro-apicata (Pleurotoma , Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 269, ....... ... 319 Rubrocincta (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1882, 305, ..... . ... 274 Rubro-guttata (Clathnrella), H. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 14, pi. iii, f. 25. = C. tincta, Reeve, . . .292 Rude (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Moll. Sicil.,i, 199, t. 11, f. 16. = C. clathiata, Marcel de Serres, ..... 276 Rude (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch., 12, f. 17. = C. Cordieri, Payr. . ...... 276 Rudis (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134, . 191 Rufa (Bela), Mont. Test. Brit., 263, ..... 224 Ruf'escens (Drillia), Dunker. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 159, . 212 Rufinodis (Pleurotoma), Martens. Mauritius, p. 227, pi. 20, f. 2. = G. granicostata, Reeve, ... . 287 Rnfocincta (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 215, 249 Rufozonata (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 38, pi. v, f. 13, . . ..... 285 Rufus (Fusus), Gould (non MontagA Inv. Mass., ed. i, p. 290, f. 192. = B. pyramidalis, Strom ..... 216 Rugifera (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833. = D. nigerrima, Sowb. Rugosa (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc., p. 23, 1845, vol. ii, .......... 297 Rugulata (Bela), Moller, MSS. Sars, Moll. Norv., 230, t. 23, f. 6. = B. turricula, Mont ....... 219 Rugulata (Bela), Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 345, 1846. = Pleurotoma bicarinata. Couth. ..... 215 Rugulata (Bela), Verrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 366. = B. Gouldii, Yerrill. Rugulosa, var. (Pleurotoma), Monterosato. Notizie, p. 52. = M. Paciniana, Calcara. Rugulosa (Mangilia), Philippi. Enum. Moll., 2, pi. 26, f. 8, 245 Rustica (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 74, . . 318 Rustica (Pleurotoma), P. P. Carp. Cat. Prov. (non Sowb.). = D. aterrima, Sowb. Rustica (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 138, 1833. = D. nigerrima, Sowb. Sacerdos (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 110. = Clavatula muricata, Lam ...... 229 372 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Sacra (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Sop., 1845, p. Ill, . 201 Sancti Joannis (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xv, p. 416. Sandriana (Pleurotoma), Brusina. Contr., p. 65. = P. Paciniana, Calcara. Sandrii (Rhaphitoma), Brasilia. Verb, zool.-bot. Ges., 1865. = M. Paciniana, Calcara, ,...,.. 243 Sandwicensis (Daphnella), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 148, . . 307 Sarsii (Bela), Yen-ill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 364, 1880. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 484, . . 218 Saturata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 113, . . . . . . . . . . .303 Saulcydiana (Drillia), Recluz, Jour, de Conch., ii, 209, t. 5, f. 6, 1851. = D. umbilicata, Gray, 179 Scabra.( Pleurotoma), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv, 372, .276 = Pleqrotoma Cordieri, Payr. Scabra (Pleurotoma), Sovverby. III. Index Brit. Shells, t. 1 9, 19, f. 13. = M. linearis, Mont. Scacchii (Rhaphitoma , Beliardi. = PI. linearis, Mont. Scalarina (Clathurella), Desh. Conch. Isle Reunion, 1863, p. 109, . . ... . 296 Scalarinus (Fusus), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 133. = Pusionella nifat, Bru<*. Scalaris (Bella), Pack. Can. Nat. and Geol., 1863. = B. Americana, Packard. Scalaris (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 39. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 18, pi. 6, f. 2, 287 Scalaris (Bela), Moil. Moll. Green., p. 12, 1842. = B. turricula, Mont 219 Scalaris (Pleurotoma^, Yahl. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,f. 277. = B. decussata. Couth. ....... 217 Scalaroides (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., 231, t. 23, f. 7, 1878. = B. turricula, Mont. . . . . . . .219 Scalata (Pleurotoma), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., xxii, p. 192, pi. 7, fig. 4. =M. angicostata, Reeve, . . . 252 Scalpta (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5. = C. monilifera, Sowb 278 Scarabseus (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 6, . 195 Schantarica (Bela),Middendorff. Reise,223, t. 12, f. 17, 19, 1851, 214 Schilingi (Drillia), Weink. Conch. Cab., t. 16, f. 7, 9, . 193 Scobinella, Conrad. Jour. Acad. N. S. Phila., i, 111, 1848. = Cordiera, Rouault, ....... 227 Sculpta (Clathurella), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 39. Yoy. Sulphur, 17, t. 5, f. 17, . . . . . . 280 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 313 PAGE. Sculptilior (Clathurella), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1875, p. 38, 282 Sculptilis (Clathnrella). Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1811, p. 11, pi. l,fig. 19, ' 282 Secalina (Pleurotoma), Philippi. Enum. Moll. Sic., 2, pi. 26, f. 9. = var. of B. septangularis, Mont. . . .223 Secta (Defrancia), G. B. Sowerby. Proc. Zool. Soc , 1870, p. 254, 299 Semen (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5, 254 Semiassa (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, p. 382, .261 Semicolon (Pleurotoma), S.Wood. Crag. Moll., 54, t. 5, f. 3, 309 Semicostata (Clionella), Kiener. Iconog., p. 39, pi. 19, f. 1, 233 Semicostata (Pleurotoma), pars, Krauss. Sudafr. Moll., p. 109. = P. sigillata, Reeve. Semicostatus (Fusus), Cantraine. Jeffreys, Zool. Proc., 392, 1883. = D. Maravignae, Bivona. Semigranosa (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5, 290 Semilineata ( Clathurella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 221, pi. 2, f. 37. = M. granosa, Bunker. . . 295 Seminella, Pease. See Manual, v, 102, .... 160 Seminifera (Drillia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., iii, p. 140. = D. interrupta, Lam. Seminuda (Pleurotoma1, Anton. Yerzeichniss, 73, . ,318 Semiplicata (Bela), Sars. Moll. Norv., t. 16, f. 4, = B. pyramidalis, Strom. . . . . . , .216 Semiplicatum (Pleurotoma), Bonelli. Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 174, t. 26, f. 18. = C. stria, Calc. . . . . 274 Semisculpta (Zafra), G. and H. Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Beng., 1875, ii, p. 97, pi. vii, f. 6, 7, . . . . . . 314 Senegalensis (Daphnella), von Maltzan. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., 1883, p. 134, t. 3, f. 15, 310 Serga (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 65, 1881, 213 Serrata (Defrancia \ Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 163, . 299 Septangularis (Bela), Mont. Test. Brit., p. 268, pi. 9, f. 5, . 223 Sexcostata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 305, 319 Sicula (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 59, . 244 Sigillata (Clionella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 40, f. 363, 1846, 233 Sigsbei (Pleurotoma^ Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 57, 1881, . . 316 Silicea (Borsonia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc , xv, 474, 1881, 228 Similis (Pleurotoma), Bivona. Monterosato, Nuova Revista, 42. = P. undatiruga, Bivona, var. . . ... . 238 374 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE Simplex (Bela), Yerrill. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, p. 367, 1880; Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 493. = B. Schantarica, Middendorff. Simplex (Pleurotoma), Middendorff. Reise, 223, t. 12, f. 15, 16, 1851. = Bela Schantarica, Midd. Sinclair! (Clathurella), Smith, MSS. Gillies, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst,, xiv, 170, 283 Sinensis (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 38, . 201 Singularis (Clathurella^, G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, pt. ii, p. 89, pi. vii, f. 10, ... . 293 Sinistralis (Surcula), Petit. Guerin's Mag. de Zool., 1839, pi. i, . 240 Sinuata (Cithara), Cpt. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 162, . 271 Sinuata (Clavatula), Born. Test. Mus. Ctes., p. 268, . . 233 Sinuosa (Drillia), Gray. Reeve, Icon., sp. 307, 1846, . . 180 Sinuosa (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vol. ii, p. 23, . , . 319 Sinuosum f Pleurotoma), Fleming. = P. Leufroyi, Mich. Sinuosus 'Pleurotoma) Conch, = P. gracilis, Mont. . .312 Smirna (Drillin), Ball. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 66, 1881, 213 Smithii, var. of Trevelyana (Bela), Jeff'. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1876, p. 332; Trans Conn. Acad., v, 461. ?= B.incisula.Verrill, . . . . . .217,221 Smithi (Clathurella), G. and H. Nevill. J. A. S. Beng., 1875, pt. ii, p. 88, pi. 8, f. 13, . . . . . 292 Smithii ^Pleurotoma), Forbes. Ann. Mag., 107, t. 2, f. 14, 1840. == D. costulata, Blainv 309 Solida (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 64, . 274 Solida (Pleurotoma), C. B. Adams. Contr. Conch., p. 61. = Drillia fuscescens, Gray. Solidula (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 163. = C. rugosa, Mighels, 297 Solomonensis (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, p. 537, pi. xxx, f. 6, 205 Sordida (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 117, 254 Soror (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 303, . 274 Souverbiei (Mangilia), Try on, ...... 264 Souverbiei (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 300, ." ... 307 Sowerbyi (Drillia), Reeve. Corrections in Conch. Icon., . 180 Spaldingi (Drillia), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, p. 153, 212 Speciosa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 2, fig. 9, 1843, 173 Spectabilis (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., i, fig. 6, 1843. = P. babylonia, Linn. . . . . . . .162 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 375 PAGE. Spectrum (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 113. 200" Spicata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 17, pi. 5, f. 13. = D. Sinensis, Hinds. Spicea (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 419, 1881, • • • 212 Spinicincta (Columbarium), Martens. Mittheil., ii, p. 105, t. 21, f. 1-3. = C. Pagoda, Lesson, var. . . .176 Spinosa (PI. reticnlata, var. , Forbes and Hanley. Brit. Sh., t. 113, f. 5. = M. Cordieri, Payr. Spinosa (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p. 206, 191 Spiralis (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 731, pi. 75, f. 8, 171 Spirata (Pleurotoma), Lam. An. s. Vert., vii, p. 93, . . 232 Spirotropis, Sars. Moll. Norv., 242, 1878, . . 155, 213 Splendida (Mangilia), A. Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 309, pi. 19, f. 24, 255 Splendidula (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 135, 200 Spurca (Mangilia), Hinds. Moll. Toy. Sulph., p. 17, pi. 5, f. 14, ... 273 Staminea (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 388, 1881, 242 Stellata (Pleurotoma), Morch. Mai. Blatt., vii, p. 103, . 251 Stellata (Mangilia), Stearns. Proc. Bost. Soc., 1872, xv, p. 22, 246 Stercus pulicum (Priamus), Chemn. 9, pi. 120, fig. 1026-7. = Halia Priamus, Meuschen. Sterrha (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 426, 1881, 182 Steveni (Buccinum), Andrj. Krynicki. Bull. Nat. Mos., 1837, ii,p.59. =D.costulata,Blainv 309 St. GallaB (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1876, 137, .... ..'... 312 Stirophora (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn, Soc., xv, 422, 1881, 212 Stolida (Drillia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 37, . 178 Stossiciana (Mangilia), Brusina. J. de Conch., xviii, p. 235. = M. rugulorfa, Phil. 245 Streptophora (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 464, 1881, . 299 Stria (Clathurella), Calcara. Ric. Mai., 1839, p. 11, f. 5, . 274 Striata (Clionella , Kiener. Icon., p. 36, pi. 14, f. 2, . . 233 Striata (Conopleura), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., pi. 7, f. 22, 23, 211 Striata (Cythara), Schum. Syst. Yers. Test., p. 245. = Mangilia citharella, Lam. . . ... . . 257 25 376 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Strigata (Cythara), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 242, . 271 Strigata (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, t. 59, f. 9. = D. Barkliensis, H. Adams. Striolata (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch. Neapol., 1836. = P. costulata, Blainv 309 Striosa (Mangilia), C.B.Adams. Panama Shells, 147, 1852, 249 Stromboides (Cythara ), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 63, 264 Stromboides (Cythara), Val. Carpenter. = Pleurotoma triticea, Reeve. Stromboides (Drillia), Sowb. Gen. Shells, Pleur., f. 4, . 176 Strucki (Mangilia), von Maltzan. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., 1883, 133, t. 3, f. 14, . 245 Studeriana (Drillia), Martens. Sitzb. Berl., 22, 1878 ; Mitth., i, p. 37, pi. 8, f. 2, 209 Subauriformis (Drillia), Smith. Zool. Proc., 195, 1. 19, f. 23, 1879, 207 Snbcaudata (Mangilia), Bivona. = M. multilineolata, Desh. Subclathrata (Mangilia), von Maltzan. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., 1883, 133, t. 3, f. 13, 245 Subdiaphana (Mangilia), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1864, xiv, p. 45, . 271 Subgranosa (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 300, . . . 299 Subgranulatus (Fusus), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 78, t. 2, f. 1, 1851. = Pusionella Milleti, Petit, . . . .235 Subluta (Bela), Gould. Bost. Proc., iii, 142, 1849, . . 222 Subnigrus (Fusus), Brown. 111. Conch., t. 5, f. 58, 59. = Lachesis minima, Mont. ...... 225 Subobliquata (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 191, t. 19, f. 16, . . . 203 Subochracea (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 493, 211 Subsida (Drillia), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 62, 1881, 212 Subtilis (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 431, 1881, 271 Subula (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 113, 270 Subulata (Pleurotoma), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318 Subulata (Pleurotoma), Mke. Syn. Meth., No. 1131, 1830, 319 Subventricosa (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 500, 234 Subvitrea iDaphnella), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 209, pi. 20, f. 43, 314 Subzonata (Daphnella), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 197, t. 19, f. 27, .284 Sulcata (Lachesis), Button. Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Zeal., p. 12, 226 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 377 ZAGE. Sulcata (Mangilia), Carpenter. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 272, 250 Sumatrensis (Pleurotoma), Petit. Jour, de Conch., p. 55, t. 2, f. 2, 1852. •= Drillia crenularis, Lam. . . . 178 Supercostata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 301, . . . .307 Surcula, H. and A. Adams. Genera, i, 88, 1853, . 158, 236 Surculites, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., 1, 213, 1865. = Surcula, Sect. ......... .158 Suturalis (Defrancia), Moller. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 343. = Pleurotoma Groanlandica, Reeve. Suturalis (Drillia), Gray. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1838, p. 29, . 212 Suturalis (Pleurotoma), Bronn. Erg. mei. nat. Reise, ii. = P. gracilis, Mont. . 312 Symmetrica (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, 'p.. 5, . . .247 Syngenes (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 396, 242 Syracusanum (Pleurotoma), Marav. = M. Cordieri, Payr. Tabulata (Daphnella), Opt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, xv, p. 29, . .312 Tamiata (Drillia), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1878, 36, 212 Tseniata (Mangilia), Desh. Exp. Moree, p. 178, xix, f. 37-39, 243 Taranis, Jeffreys. Ann. Mag. N. H., 4th ser., v, 447, 1870. = Daphnella, Sect 160, 315 Tarentini (Pleurotoma), Phil. (1844). = D. Loprestiana, Calcara. Tasmanica < Cithara), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1875, p. 145, .271 Tasmanica (Daphnella), T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1876,138, . 306 Taxus (Pleurotoma), Chemn. Conch., x, pi. 162, fs. 1550 and 1551, ... 231 Tayloriana (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 40, f. 366. = D. crenularis, Lam 178 Tenebrosa (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, 260 Tenella (Defrancia), Jeffr. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, p.' 33, . 299 Tenella (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 302, 307 Tenera (Defrancia), Jeffreys. Brit. Assoc. Rept., 114, 1873, 299 Tenuiclathrata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 301, 307 Tenuicostata (Pleurotoma), Sars. Yid. Selsk. Forhand, 1868, p. 259. = var. Bela decussata, Couth. . . .217 Tenuilirata (Bela), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 98, 1871. = B. Schantarica, Middendorff. 378 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Tenuilirata (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 17, pi. l,f. 18, . . 281 Tenuis (Pleurotoma), Anton. Yerzeichniss, p. 73, . . 318 Tenuis (Pleurotoma), Gray. An. Mag. N. H. = P. undatiruga, Bivona, 238 Teres, Bucq., Dautz. and Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 85, 1883. = Daphnella, Sect 160, 313 Teres (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844. = P. anceps, Eich 313 Tessellata (Daphnella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S., 1873, p. 230, pi. 3, f. 61, 303 Tessellata (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 44 ; Moll. Voy. Sulph., p. 23, pi. 7, f. 17. Tessellata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 4. = C. formosa, Reeve, ....... 297 Tetragona (Mangilia), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., 1881, p. 382, 261 Texta (Drillia), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 225, . . . 207 Textilis (Clavatula), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 43, 231 Thea (Drillia), Dall. Proc. Nat. Mus., vi, 328, t. 10, f. 5, 1883, 189 Thesbia, Jeffreys. Sars, Moll. Norv., 221, 1878. = Daphnella, Sect .160,315 Tholoides (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, p. 248, 1882, 212 Tiara (Mangilia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 440, 1881, 249 Tiarella (Pleurotoma), Valen. Kiener,Iconog.,56,t. 23, f. 2. = D. rustica, Sowb. Tiarula (Pleurotoina), Loven. = P. brachystoma, Phil. . 308 Ticaonica (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 116, 304 Tigrina (Pleurotoma), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, p. 95, . 164 Tincta (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 5, . 292 Tmeta (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 424, 1881, . 212 Todilla (Pleurotoma), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 24, 319 Tomella, Swainson, Malae., 115, 314, 1840. = Perrona, Schum 157, 231 Tornata (Surcula), Dillwyn. Cat., ii, p. 715, 1815, . . 237 Tornatus var. y (Murex), Dillw. Cat., ii, p. 715. = Pleurotoma Virgo, Lam. Torosa (Drillia), Carpenter. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., v, 145, 1865, 183 Torquata (Clathurella), Phil. Moll. Sic., ii, p. 171, t. xxvi, f. 14, 1844, 275 Trachys (Mangilia), T.-Woods. Trans. Roy. Soc. Viet., xiv, p. 57, 261 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 379 Trailli (Drillia), Hutton. Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Z., p. 11, 1873 ; Man. N. Z. Moll., 42, . ...... 206 Translucida (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 444, 1881, .......... 315 Trecchi ( Pleurotoma), Testa. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv, 363. = PI. anceps, Eichw. Trecchi (Pleurotoma), Testa, 1842. Monterosato, Jour, de Conch., 1874, 279. = D. Loprestiana, Calcara. Trevelliana (Bela), Turton. Mag. N. H., vii, p. 351, 1834; Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv, 398. = B. Trevelyana, Turton, 221 Tricarinata (Drillia), T.-Woods. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., ii, p. 265, .......... 212 Tricarinata (Clathurella), Yal. Reeve, Icon., f. 121, 1843, . 289 Tricinctum (Pleurotoma), Brugn. (1862). Monterosato, Journ. de Conch., 279, 1874. = D. Loprestiana, Calcara. Tricolor (Clathurella), Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, i, p. 158, ........ 299 Tricolor (Pleurotoma\ Risso. Eur. Merid., iv, 215. = P. linearis, Montagu. Trifasciata (Pleurotoma), Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 297, Dec. 1845. = Mangilia trilineata, Ad ...... 24^7 Trifilosa (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 297, 299 Trilineata (Mangilia), C. B. Adams. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 3, Jan. 1845 ; Contrib. Conch., 55, . . . . 247 Trilix (Pleurotoma), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, p. 390, 1881, .......... 242 Tripartita (Clavatula), E. A. Smith. Weinkauff in Kiister, 120, t. 26, f. 12, 13. ? = C. obesa, Reeve, . . .232 Triporcata (Pleurotoma), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 188, t. 19, f. 9, ........ 172 Tripter (Drillia), von Maltzan. Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., 1883, 119, t. 3,f. 1, ......... 208 Triticea (Mangilia), Kien. Ic., pi. 27, f. 3, . . . 268, 271 Tritonoides (Clathurella), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 182, ... ....... 283 Tritonum (Perronea), Schumacher. Nouv. Syst., p. 218. = Pleurotoma perron, Chemn. Trivaricosa (Daphnella), Martens. Mauritius, 228, t. 20, f. 1, 305 Trivittata (Mangilia), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p. 40, pi. x, f. 9. = M. pellucida, Reeve, . . . .266 Trizonata (Mangilia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 215, 261 Tuberculata (Surcula), Gray. Zool. Beech. Voy., p. 120, . 237 Tuberculifera (Surcula), Brod. and Sowb. Zool. Jour., iv, p. 378, 1829, . . ....... 238 Tuberosa (Drillia), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xv, p. 418, 212 380 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. PAGE. Tumida (Clathurella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 218, pi. 15, fig. 14, 1867. = C. Reeveana, Desh. . . .291 Tumida (Clavatula), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 253, 232 Turbinatus (Boletus), Martini. = Pleurotomasinuata,Born. Turbinelloides (Clathurella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 39, f. 295, 1846, .280 Turgida (Bela), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc., 1861, 7, p. 337, . 222 Turgida (Pleurotoma), Forbes. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 163, 1844, 308 Turqueti (Lachesis), Ch. Yelain. Arch. Zool. Exp., vi, p. 107, pi. ii, f. 18, 19, 1877, . . 226 Turricula, Schumacher. Essai Nov. Gen., 217, 1817. = Surcula, Ads. Turricula (Bela), Mont. Test. Brit., i, p. 262, 1803, . . 219 Turricula (Clathurella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 161, . 299 Turricula (Cythara), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 62, 268 Turricula (Fusus), Gould. Rep. Inv. Mass., 1st ed., p. 292, pi. 13, f. 193. = Bela americana, Packard. Turricula (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 137. = D. Sowerbyi. Reeve. Turris, Humphrey, Mus., 1797. Ad. Genera, i, 87, 1853. = Pleurotoma, Lamarck. Turris (Drillia), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 37, f. 344; Correc- tions, Index of Conch. Icon 210 Turris (Pleurotoma), Yal. Atlas, Toy. Venus, t. 5, f. 3. = P. australis, Roissy, ....... 236 Turritellatus (Fusus), Desh. Exp. Moree, pi. xix, f. 28, 45. = Lachesis minima, Mont. ...... 225 Turritispira (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1882, 306, . . . 316 Typhlomangilia, M. Sars, em. Sars, Moll. Norv., 1878. = Bela. Sect . . . 156, 223 Ula (Drillia), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xv, 420, 1881, . 212 Ulideana (Pleurotoma), Thomps. Ann. Mag. N. H., xv, 316, t. 19, f. 2. = B. ruta, Mont., var 224 Umbilicata (Drillia), Gray, MSS. Ann. Mag. N. H., i, 1838, p. 28, 179 Undata (Bela),Verkr. Jahr. Mai. Gesell., v. p. 229, 1878, . 223 Undatella (Bela), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1861, viii, p. 280, 222 Undaticostata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 117, .... 251 Undatiruga (Surcula), Bivona. Gen. posthum., 7, . . 238 Undosa (Pleurotoma), Lam. An. s. Vert, vii, p. 95, . .166 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 381 PA8B. Undulata (Mangilia), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid. ?= M. Sicula, Reeve. Unedo (Pleurotoma), Valenc., MSS. Paris Mus., Kiener, Coq. viv., 19, t. 14, f. 1, . . 165 Unicolor (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843. = D. nigerrima, Sowb. Unifasciata (Mangilia), Desh. Expl. Sci. Morde, t. 19, f. 22-24, .... 243 Unifasciata (Pleurotoma), 0. G. Costa (non Desh.). = P. Yauquelini, Payr 243 Unilineata (Cythara), E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, p. 538, pi. xxx, f. 13, 1876, 272 Unimaculata (Drillia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 134, 180 Unizonalis (Drillia), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, p. 92, . 185 Urnula (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 114, 306 Ustulata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Ic., pi. 40, f. 369, 1846, 167 Vahlii (Pleurotoma), Moller. Moll. Grcenl., p. 13. = B. pyramidalis, Strom. ...... 216 Yalenciennesii (Pleurotoma), Maravig. = D. attenuata, Mont 309 Yalida (Pusionella), Dunker. Zeit. Mai., 191, 1852 ; Novit. Conch., 33, t. 10, f. I, 2, ....... 234 Yallata (Pleurotoma), Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, p. 336,1860, .... . .171 Yancouverensis (Pleurotoma), Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., vi, 1880, p. 286, 319 Yaria (Cithara), Pease. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 447. = Columbella Peasei, Martens. Manual, vol. v, 166. Yariabilis (Drillia), Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1877, xix, p. 495, ... . . 180 Yaricifera (Daphnella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 221, pi. xv, f. 21, ... .... 301 Yariegata (Mangilia), Cpt. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, xv, p. 394, .... .... 300 Yariegata (Pleurotoma), Kien. Coq. viv., pi. ix, f. 1, . 164 Yariegata (Pleurotoma), Philippi. En. Moll. Sic., i, 197, t. 11, f. 14. = P. purpureum, Mont. Yariegata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. i, fig. 2, 1843. = P. picturata, Weink. Yaricosa (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 187, 205 Yaricosa (Pleurotoma), Sowb. Jour. Conch., 1874, p. 190, pi. vii, fig. 3, 305 Yariculosa (Mangilia), Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, .257 382 INDEX AND SYNONYMY. Yarix (Daphnella), T.-Woods. Proc, Roy. Soc. Tas., 1876, p. 138. ? = D. compta, Ad. and Ang. . . . .306 Yauquelini (Pletirotoma), Payraudeau. Moll. Cors.,p. 145, pi. vii, figs. 14, 15, 243 Yentricosa (Bela), Morch. Moll. Grcenl., No. 95. = B. bicarinata, Couth. ....... 215 Yenusta (Pleurotoina), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 181, 162 Yerrillii(Drillia),Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 68, 1881, 213 Yerrillii (Pleurotoma), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 57, 1881, . 316 Yersicolor (Pleurotoma), Scacchi. Cat. Conch., 12, f. 19. = P. purpureum, Mont. Yersicolor (Pleurotoma), Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab,, pi. xv, f. 8. = P. radula, Hinds, 241 Yertebralis (Pleurotoma), E. Smith. Weinkauff, Jahrb., iv, 5, 1877. = PI. violacea, Hinds. Yertebrata (Pleurotoma), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, xv, p. 416. = P. violacea, Hinds. Yespuciana (Clathurella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 175, t. 24, f. 13-15 . .279 Yestalis (Pleurotoma), Phil. Zeit. f. Mai., 1851, p. 93, . 319 Yexillum (Manama), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 59, 265 Vexillum(Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 115, 209, 284 Yicina (Mangilia), C. B.Adams. Conch. Contr., p. 66, . 248 Yidua (Pleurotoma), Hinds (not Reeve). Weinkauff, Kiister, Conch. Cab., 65, t. 13, f. 1, 3. = D. unizonalis, Lam. Yidua (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112. = D. unizonalis, Lamarck. Yidualoides (Drillia), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 217, pi- 2, f. 28. = D. unizonalis, Lam. Yilliersii (Pleurotoma), Michaud. Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord., 262, t. 1, f. 4, 5, 1826. = P. attenuate, Mont. . . . 308 Yincentina (Daphnella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, p. 422, t. 11, f. 6, 311 Yinosa (Surcula), Dall. Proc. Cal. Ac., v, p. 253, 1874, . 240 Yiolacea (Bela), Migh. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1841, vol. i, p. 50; Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1842, p. 15, pi. 1, f. 21. = B. bicarinata, Couth uoy, . . . . . .215 Yiolacea (Clathurella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 218, pi. 15, f. 15, 1867. = C. clandestina, Desh. . . .298 Yiolacea (Pleurotoma), Hinds. Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 16, pi. 5, f. 8, . . . . 169 Yiolaceus (Pleurotoma), Desh. = PI. linearis, Mont. Yirgatum (Pleurotoma), Bivona. = PL inflata, Cr. et Jan. INDEX AND SYNONYMY. 383 EAGB. Yirginea (Pleurotoma), Beck, MSS. Reeve, Icon., f. 32. = Clavatula muricata, Lam. ...... 229 Yirginea (Pleurotoma), Yalenc. Kien. (non Beck), Iconog., p. 55, t. xxi, f. 2, . . . 167 Yirgo (Pleurotoma), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p. 94, . . 168 Yiridula (Bela) Moller. Moll. Grcenl., p. 14. = B. decussata, Couth 217 Yiridula (Pleurotoma), Reeve (not Moller). Conch. Icon., f. 306. = Columbella Holbolii, Beck, Manual, v, . . 223 Yitrea (Daphnella), Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 18*73, p. 230, pi. 3, f. 60, 303 Yitrea (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 118y . 254 Yittata (Mangilia), Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 45; Moll. Yoy. Sulph., p. 26, pi. ix, f. 3, • . . . . 269 Yittata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 60. = M. obesa, Reeve, 262 Yittata (Mangilia) Reeve (not Hinds). Icon., f. 53. = M. exquisita, Smith. Yittata (Drillia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 112, . 188 Yolutella (Pleurotoma), Yal. Kiener, Pleur., 67, t. 25, f. 1. = C. inflata, Crist, et Jan 274 Yulpecula (Lachesis), Monter. Not. Conch. Med., 1872, p. 49, ... ... ... 225 Yulpina (Pleurotoma), Bivona, Benoit. ? = D. attenuata, Montg 309 Yulpina (Pusionella), Born. Test. Mus. Cses., 317, t. 11, f. 10, 11, . 234 Yultuosa (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 116, 1845, 296 Wallaysi (Fusus), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 74, t. 1, f. 7, 1851, 2d ser., i, 35, 1856. = Pusionella rapulum, Reeve, 235 Weinkauffi (Pleurotoma), Jickeli, MS. Moll. Rothes Meer. = P. violacea, Hinds. Weldiana (Drillia;, T.-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 137, 212 Willei (Bela), Friele. Prel. Rep. Moll. Norw. Exp., p. 9, 1876; Jahr. Mai. Ges., iv, 263, 223 Wilmeri (Drillia), Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 805, pi. 50, f. 4, 205 Woodiana (Bela), Moll. Grcenl., p. 13. = B. turricula, Mont. . . . . . . .219 Woodii (Pleurotoma), Kien. Ic. Coq. viv., p. 12, t. 7, f. 1. = P. cryptorrhaphe, Sowb 168 Yeddoensis (Pleurotoma), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France,- 1883, 196-, t. 10, f. 7, 319 384 REFERENCE TO PLATES. PAGE. Zafra, A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1860, vi, p. 331. = Daphnella, Sect 160, 313 Zealandica (Drillia), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1877, p. 492; Gillies, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., xiv, 170, . . .211 Zebra (Drillia), Lara. Hist. Nat., Ed. Desh., x, p. 177, . 196 Zebroides (Pleurotoma), Weink. Conch. Cab., p. 108, pi. 23, f. 8. = D. zebra, Lam. Zebuensis (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 65. = M. derelicta, Reeve, ....... 266 Zonale (Pleurotoma), Del. Chiaje. Mem., t. 84, f. 1. = P. Leufroyi, Mich. Zonata (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 130, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860; Smith, Zool. Proc., 209, 1879. ? = Zafra Mitrsefonnis, A. Ad 313 Zonata (Mangilia), Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 61, . 252 Zonata ( Pleurotoma), Gray, MSS. Reeve, Icon., sp. 74. = D. flavidula, Lam. Zonulata (Clathurella), Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 113, pl.xiii, f. 17, 285 Zonulata (Pleurotoma), Reeve. Conch. Syst., ii, pi. 234, f. 10. = D. aterrima, Sowb. REFERENCE TO PLATES. PLEUROTOMID^. PLATE 1. FIGURE. PAGE. A. Pleurotoma babylonia, Linn. Quoy, Yoy. Astrol., t. 35, f. 4, 162 B, C. Pleurotoma babylonia, operculum. Adams, Genera, t. 10, f. la, 6, . . . . . . . 162 1. Pleurotoma babylonia. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 5, . 162 2. Pleurotoma spectabilis, Reeve (— babylonia). Reeve, Icon., f. 6 a, .162 3. Pleurotoma Raffrayi, Tapparone-Canefri. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, iii, t. 6, f. 1, ... . 163 6. Pleurotoma crispa, Lam. (== grandis, Gray). Reeve, Icon., f. 11 a, .163 7. Pleurotoma grandis, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 13, 163 8. Pleurotoma Rombergi, Morch (= picta, Beck). Jour. de Conch., 2d ser , ii, t. 10, f. 6, .... 163 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 385 PLATE 2. FIGURE. PAGE. 4. Pleurotoma venusta, Reeve (= babylonia). Icon. , f . 79, 162 5. Pleurotoma Garnonsi, Reeve Icon., f. 4, . . 163 9. Surcula turris,Val. (= Australis,Roiss}r). Voy.Yenus, t. 5, f. 3, 236 10. Pleurotoma tigrina, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 3, . 164 11. Pleurotoma Jickeli, Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab.,t. 4, . f. 2, . . . 164 12. Pleurotoma variegata, Reeve (= picturata, Weink.). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 2, . . . . ' . .164 13. Pleurotoma variegata, Kiener. Kiener, Iconog., t. 9, f. 1, 164 14. Pleurotoma albina, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 77, . . 165 15. Pleurotoma gracilina, Weink. Kiister, t. 5, f. 5, . . 165 16. 16 a. Pleurotoma marmorata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 216, 21 a, ... ... . 165 17. Pleurotoma hastula, Reeve (= marmorata). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 139, 165 18. Pleurotoma Peaseana, Dunker. Kiister, t. 15, f. 1-3, . 165 19. Pleurotoma picta, Beck. Reeve, Icon., f. 16, . . 163 PLATE 3. 20. Pleurotoma unedo, Yal. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 12, . 165 21. Pleurotoma undosa, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 18, . . 166 22. Pleurotoma fagina, Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, t. 9, f. 2, . .167 23. Pleurotoma cingnlifera, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 1, .166 24. Pleurotoma Erythrsea, Jickeli. Kiister, t. 4, f. 10, . 166 25. Pleurotoma abbreviata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 86, . 167 26. Pleurotoma ustulata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 3696, . 167 27. Pleurotoma Niponica. E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., 1. 19, f. 7, 1879, ......... 172 28. Pleurotoma triporcata, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 9, 1879, 172 29. 29 a. Pleurotoma vertebrata, Smith (= violacea, Hds.). Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 6, 6 a, 1879, . . . .169 30 Pleurotoma cryptorraphe, Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 7, 168 31. Pleurotoma Woodii, Kiener (== cryptorraphe). Kiener, Iconog., t. 7, f. 1, . *. . . . . 168 32. Pleurotoma Virgo, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 20, . 168 PLATE 4. 34. Pleurotoma Antillarum, Crosse (= Virgo, Lam.). Jour. de Conch., xiii, t. 1, f. 8, . . . . . -168 386 REFERENCE TO PLATES. PrGURB. PAGE. 35. Pleurotoma Jelski, Crosse (= Yirgo, Lam.). Jour, de Conch., xiii, t. 1, f. 6, 168 37. Pleurotoma lencotropis, Ad. and Reeve (= oxytropis). Voy. Samarang, t. 10, f. 7, . . . " . .168 38. Pleurotoma oxytropis, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 176, . 168 39. Pleurotoma nobilis, Hinds (= oxytropis). Voy. Sul- phur, t. 5, f. 1, . . . . . . . 168 40. Pleurotoma fascialis, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 24 a, . 169 41. Pleurotoma deciivis, von Martens. Conch. Mittheil., t. 9, f. 2, 170 42. Pleurotoma violacea, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 186, . 169 43. Pleurotoma Gruneri, Phil. (= Yirgo, Lam.). Kiister, t. 14, f. 7, 168 44. Pleurotoma spiralis, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 75, f. 8, 1871, .171 45. Pleurotoma brevicaudata, Reeve (= fascialis). Reeve, Icon., f. 126, 169 46. Pleurotoma jubata, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 52, . . 171 47. Pleurotoma Renieri, Phil. (= emendata, Monts.). Kiister, t. 13, f. 11, 172 48. Pleurotoma speciosa, Reeve. Icon., f. 9, . . .173 49. Pleurotoma carinata, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 56. 173 50. Pleurotoma Graffei, Weink. Kiister, t. 3, f. 9, . . 173 51. Pleurotoma gemmata, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 83, . 173 52. Pleurotoma monilifera, Pease (= gemmata). Kiister, t. 15, f. 7, . . 173 53. Pleurotoma fusca, Hombr. (= gemmata). Astr. Zelee., t. 25, f. 19, 173 54. Pleurotoma amabilis, Jickeli (= gemmata). Kiister, t. 6, f. 4, . . . . . . .173 55. Pleurotoma armillata. Reeve, Icon., f, 176, . . 174 56. Daphnella galerita, Phil. (== semicolon, Wood). Jef- freys, Brit. Conch., t. 102, f. 6, .... 309 PLATE 5. 57. Surcula maculosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 45, . . 236 58. Surcula australis, Roissy. Reeve, Icon., f. 14, . . 236 59. Clavatula caerulea, Weiiik. Kiister, t. 7, f. 4, . . 230 60. Clavatula caernlea, Weink. Martens, Mittheil., t. 21, f. 5, 230 61. Surcula arcuata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 15, . . 236 62. Surcula tornata, Dillwyn (Javaria, Reeve). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 26, . 237 63. Surcula Javana, Linn, (nodifera, Lam., Reeve). Reeve, Icon., f. 28, 237 64. Surcula Coreanica, Ad, and Reeve (= Javana). Voy. Samarang, t. 10, f. 8, 237 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 387 FIGURE. 65. Surcula lurida, Ad. and Reeve (= Javana). Yoy. Samarang, t. 10, f. 5, . . . . . . 237 66. Surcula punctata, Reeve (= tuberculata). Reeve, Icon., f. 181, ......... 237 67. Surcula tuberculata, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 72, . . 237 68. Surcula tuberculifera, Brod. Reeve, Icon., f. 63, . 238 69. Surcula olivacea, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 27, . . 237 70. Surcula funiculata, Val. (= olivacea). Reeve, Icon., f. 95, ..... -. . . .237 71. Surcula undatiruga, Bivona. Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 26, f. 13, .... ..... 228 72. Surcula balteata, Beck (= undatiruga). Kiener,Iconog., t. 13, f. 2, ......... 238 PLATE 6. 73. Surcula tenuis, Grajr. Conch. Icon., f. 73, . . . 238 74. Surcula corrugata, Kiener (= undatiruga). Kiener, Iconog., t. 9,f. 2, ....... 238 75. Surcula Kaderlyi, Lischke. Kiister, t. 11, f. 5, . . 239 76. Paphnella circinata, Dall. Calif. Proc., v, t. 2, f. 5, . . 316 77. 77 a. Surcula clara, Martens. Mittheil., t. 8, f. 1, . 239 78. Surcula pluteata, Reeve. Icon., f. 101, . . . 240 t9. Surcula perversa, Gabb. Pal. Calif., ii,.t. 1, f. 10, . 239 80. Pleurotoma Deshayesii, Doumet (= Indica). Reeve, Icon., f. 19, ........ 168 81. Surcula fulminata, Kiener ( =tornata, var.). Reeve, Icon., f. 37, ........ 237 82. Pleurotoma Indica, Desh. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 142, 168 83. Surcula annulata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 35, . . 240 84. Surcula catena, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 36, . . 240 85. Surcula astricta, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 98, . . 240 86. Surcula cincta, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 99, . . . 241 86 a. Surcula modesta, Sowb. (= astricta). \Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 9, f. 9, ........ 240 87. Surcula bijubata, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 87, . 241 PLATE 7. 88. Surcula versicolor, Weink. (=radula). Kuster,t. 15, f. 8, 241 89. Surcula raclula, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 223, . . 241 90. Surcula raduliformis, Weink. (= radula). Kiister, 1. 19, f. 7, ...... . . . .241 91. Surcula Oweni, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 70, . . . 242 92. Bela nivalis, Lovdn. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., v,t. 91, f. 4, 223 93. Spirotropis modiola, Jan. (= carinatum). Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., v,t. 102, f. 7, ..... 213 388 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGK. 94. Spirotropis carinatnm. Phil. Moll. Sicil.,ii, t. 26, f. 19, 213 95. Surcula Quoyi, Reeve. Icon., f. 137, . . . . 242 96. Perona monile, Val. Kiener, Iconog, t. 15, f. 3, . 232 97. Columbarium cedonulli, Reeve (= pagoda). Reeve, Icon., f. Ufa, . 175 98. Columbarium diadema, Lesson (= pagoda). Sowerby, Thes. Conch., iv, t. 410, f. 53, 175 99. Columbarium spinicincta, Martens (= pagoda, var.). Martens, Mittheil., t. 21, f. 1 175 100. Genotia Luhdorfei, Lischke. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 6, f. 8, 175 1. Genotia Mitraeformis, Wood. Reeve, Icon., f. 23, . 174 2. 2 a. Genotia papalis, Reeve (= Mitraeformis, var.). Reeve, Icon., f. 22 a, 6, 174 3. Surcula Carpenteriana, Gabb. Pal. Calif., ii, t. 1, f. 3, 239 PLATE 8. 4. Perrona tripartita, Smith (= obesa, Rve.). Kiister, Conch. Cab, t. 26, f. 12, 231 5. Perrona spirata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 44, . . . 232 6. 7. Drillia partita, Reeve (= striata, Hinds). Reeve, Icon., f. 330 a, 6, 211 8. Perrona Peronii, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 94, . . 232 9. Perrona obesa, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 29, . . 231 10, 11. Perrona lineata, Lara. Ibid.,f. 96 a, 6, . . . 231 12. Drillia incisa, Reeve (= Maravignae, Biv.) Ibid., f. 133, 199 13. Clavatula imperialis, Lam. Ibid., f. 33, ... 229 14. Perrona taxus, Chemn. Ibid., f. 25, . . . . 231 15. Clavatula bimarginata, Lam. (=muricata). Ibid., f. 34, 229 16. Clavatula gravis, Hinds (= muricata). Ibid., f. 202, . 229 17. Clavatula rubrifasciata, Reeve (= muricata, var.). Ibid., f. 171, 229 18. Clavatula diadema, Kiener (= muricata). Ibib., f. 46, 229 19. Clavatula saoerdos, Reeve (== muricata). Ibid., f. 172. 229 20. Clavatula Lelieuri, Recluz. Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 5, f. 7, 228 21. Clavatula virginea, Chemn. (= muricata). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 32 229 22. Clavatula muricata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 31, . . 229 23. Clavatula implicata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 170, . 230 24. Drillia Dunkeri, Weink. (= umbilicata, Gray). Kiister, Conch Cab., t. 16, f. 2, 179 25. Drillia auriculifera, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 69, . . 185 26. Drillia exasperata, Reeve. Icon., f. 8, . . . 185 27. Clavatula mystica, Reeve (= muricata). Reeve, Icon., f. 107. . . 229 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 389 PLATE 9. FIGURE. PAGE. 28. Drillia pulchella, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 180, . . 186 29. Drillia bilineata, Reeve (= pulchella). Reeve, Icon., f. 225, ... . .186 30. Drillia vidua, Hinds (= unizonalis, Lam.) Kiister-, Conch. Cab., t. 13, f. 1, 185 31. Drillia echinata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 48, . . . 185 32. Drillia laeta, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 155, . . .186 33. Drillia vidualoides, Garrett (= unizonalis, Lam.). Proc. Philad. Acad., t. 2, f. 28, 1873, .... 185 34. Drillia vidua, Reeve (= nigrozonata, Weink.). Reeve, Icon., f. 192, ... .... 185 35. Drillia hexagona, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 105, . . 187 36. Drillia Beraudiana, Crosse (== Angasi, Cr.). Jour, de Conch., xi, t. 1, f. 6, . . . . 187 37. Drillia Angasi, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xi, t. 1, f. 5, 187 38. Drillia unizonalis, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 113, . 185 39. Drillia exigua, Hombr. Yoy. Astr. Zel., t. 25, f. 21, . 188 40. Drillia Beckii, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 10, . . . 186 41. Drillia mediocris, Desh. Moll. He Reunion, f. 39, f. 11, 187 42. Drillia texta, Dunker. Moll. Japon., t. 1, f. 19, . . 207 43. Drillia Moquiniana, Montr. Jour, de Conch., t. 7, f. 5, 1874 207 44. Drillia vittata, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 205, .188 45. Drillia polygonalis, Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 21, f. 7, 187 46. Clionella semicostata, Kiener. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 67, 233 47. 48. Clionella sigillata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 363 a, b. 233 49. Clionella nux, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 185, . . 233 50. Clionella Buccinoides, Lam. (=sinuata, Born). Reeve, Icon., f. 68, 233 51. Clionella rosaria, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 314, . . 233 52. Drillia major, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 59, . . 178 53. Clionella striata, Kiener. Reeve, Icon , f. 144, . . 233 54. Drillia gibbosa, Born. Reeve, Icon., f. 30, . . . 179 55. Clionella rubinicolor, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 184, . 233 PLATE 10. 56. Drillia flavidula, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 66, . 177 57. Drillia zonata, Gray (= flavidula). Ibid., f. 74, . 177 58. Drillia Stromboides, Sowb. Ibid., f. 71, . . .176 59. Drillia unimaculata, Sowb. Ibid., f. 42, ... 180 60. Surcula tuberculifera, Brod. Specimen. . . . 238 61. Drillia stolida, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 152, . 178 62. Drillia, rosea, Sowb. Ibid., f. 43, . . . .190 390 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 63. Drillia Sumatrensis, Petit (= crenularis). Jour, de Conch., iii, t. 2, f. 2, 178 64. Drillia crenularis, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon, f. 54, . 118 65. Drillia lanceolata, Reeve. Ibid, f. 182, . . .181 66. Drillia Griffitkii, Gray (= crenularis). Ibid., f. 157, . ITS 6T. Drillia turricula, Sowb. (= Sowerbyi, Reeve). Ibid., f. 49, . . .180 68. Drillia interrupta, Lam. Ibid., f. 51, . . . .181 69. Drillia Tayloriana, Reeve (crenularis, Lain.). Ibid., f. 366 a, 178 70. Drillia maura, Sowb. Ibid., f. 47, .... 181 71. Surcula brunneomaculata, Sowb. Proc, Zool. Soc" 1873, t. 59, f. 8, 236 72. Drillia splendidula, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 60, 200 73. Drillia impages, Ad. and Reeve. Toy. Samarang, t. 9, f. 10, . 184 74. Drillia militaris, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 55, . 181 75. Drillia Appclii, Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 20, f. 50, 193 76. Drillia seminifera, Gould (= interrupta). Moll. Wilkes Exped., f. 312, . 181 7T. Surcula duplicata, Sowb. (= olivacea). Reeve, Icon., f. T8, 237 PLATE 11. 78. Drillia alabaster, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 65, . 179 79. Drillia Cagayanensis, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 329, . 180 80. Drillia regia, Beck. Reeve, Icon., f. 75, . . 201 81. Drillia variabilis, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, t. 50, f. 2, 180 82. Drillia umbilicata, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 97, . 1T9 83. Drillia spectrum, Reeve. Ibid., f. 222, . . .200 84. Drillia Sinensis, Hinds. Ibid., f. 153, . . . .201 85. Drillia putillus, Reeve. Ibid., f. 219, . . . .200 86. Drillia fucata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 169, . . . .189 87. Drillia tessellata, Reeve (= formosa, Rve.), f. Ibid., f. 331, 186 88. Drillia Japonica, Lischke. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 19, f. 8, 202 89. Drillia sacra, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 183, . . . 201 90. Drillia intermaculata, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, t. 19, f. 19, 202 91. Drillia Saulcydianus, Recluz (= umbilicata). Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 5, f. 6, 179 92. Drillia variabilis, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, t. 56, f. 3, .180 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 391 FIGURE. PURE. 93. Drillia paria, Reeve (= fucata, Reeve). Ic^n., f. 334, 189 94. Drillia intertincta, Smith (= Sinensis, Hinds). Kiister, t. 22, f. 8a, . . 201 95. Drillia clavata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 132, . .190 96. Drillia peradmirabilis, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, t. 19, f. 12, 201 97. Drillia albicincta, Ad. and Reeve (= putillus). Voy. Samarang, t. 10, f. 6, . . . . . 200 98. Clatburella semigranosa, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 346, 290 99. Drillia flavonodiilosa, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, t. 19, f. 21, 202 100. Drillia subobliquata, Smith. Ibid., f. 16, . . .203 1. Drillia obliquata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 262. . . 203 2. Drillia raricostata, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, 1. 19, f. 18, 202 3. Drillia longispira, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, t. 19, f. 14, 202 4. Drillia humilis, Smith. Ibid., f. 20, . . . . 203 5. Drillia Metcalfei, Angas (= Sinensis). Proc. Zool. Soc., 18U7,t. 13, f. 16, . . . . . . . 201 6. Drillia Coxi, Angas (= Sinensis, Hinds). Ibid., f. 15, 201 , 7. Drillia denseplicata, Danker. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 23, f. 7, 203 8. Drillia candens, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, t. 19, f. 17, 203 9. Drillia spicata, Hinds (= Sinensis, Hinds). Reeve, Icon., f. 231, 201 10. Drillia robusta, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 204, . . 180 PLATE. 12. 11. Drillia consimilis, Smith (= Sinensis, Hds.). Zool. Proc*., 1879, t. 19, f. 11, 201 12. Drillia obliquicostata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 168, . 204 13. Drillia crocata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 174, . . . . 204 14. Drillia exarata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 201, . . . .204 15. Drillia palliata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 193, . . . .204 16. Drillia aquatilis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 177, . . . 204 17. Drillia varicosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 1416, . . . 205 18. Drillia castanea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 191, .... 177 19. Mangilia lucida, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., xliv, t. 8, f. 15, 257 20. Drillia acuminata, Mighels. Ibid., f. 14, . . . 190 21. Drillia obeliscus, Reeve. Icon., f. 175, . . . 205 22. Drillia rugifera, Sowb. (= nigerrima, Sowb.). Reeve, Icon.,f. 127, . 196 26 392 REFERENCE TO PLATES. • FIGURE. . PAGE. 23. Drillia Solomonensis, Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, t. 30, f. 6, 205 24. Drillia Wilmeri, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, t. 50, f. 4, 205 25. Drillia Awamoaensis, Hutton. Specimen, . . . 208 26. Drillia baetica, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon , f. 167, . 193 27. Drillia bicanalifera, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 103, . . 177 28. Drillia Schilling!, Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 16, f. 7, 193 29. Drillia minutissima, Garrett. Proc. Phila. Acad., 1873, t. 2, f. 30, 207 30. Drillia Montere}Tensis, Stearns. Proc. Calif. Acad., v, t. 1, f. 2, 184 31. Drillia lauta, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 18, 206 32. Drillia pusilla, Garrett (= D. exilis, Pease). Proc. Philad. Acad., 18J3, t. 2, f. 31, 206 33. Drillia papillosa, Garrett. Ibid., f. 29, . . 207 34. Drillia pyramidata, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f. 41, . . 205 35. Drillia subauriformis, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1879, t. 19, f. 23, 207 36. Drillia fortilirata, Smith. Ibid., f. 22, . . . . 207 37. Drillia aemula, Angas (= Trailli). Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, t. 5, f. 9, 206 38. Drillia moesta, Carpenter. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 30, f. 5, 183 39. Drillia erosa, Schrenck, f. Amurl. Moll., t. 17, f. 7, . 184 40. Drillia penicillata, Carpenter (= inermis). Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 28, f. 1, 182 41. Drillia incisa, Carpenter. Specimen, .... 182 42. Drillia rosea, Quoy (= Novaezelandise). Voy. Astrol., t. 35, f. 10, . ... 184 43. Drillia inermis, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 64, . . 182 44. Drillia Novaezelandiae. Reeve, Icon., f. 143, . . 184 PLATE 13. 45. Drillia sinuosa, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 307, . 180 46. Drillia Patagonica, d'Orb. Martens, Mittheil., t. 8, f. 3, 208 47. Drillia Patagonica, d'Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid., t. 77, f. 15, 208 48. Drillia Studeriana, Martens. Mittheil., t. 8, f. 2, . 209 49. Drillia Hemphilli, Stearns. Calif. Proc., v, t. 1, f. 3, . 185 50. Drillia pica, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 61, . . 190 51. Drillia rosacea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 166, . . . .179 52. Drillia regukris, Reeve. $. Ibid., f. 326, . . .189 53. Drillia irnpressa, Hinds. Ibid., f. 200, . . . .189 54. Drillia coccinata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 299. . . .188 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 393 FIGURE. .PAGE. 55. Drillia pudica, Hinds. Ibid., f. 199, . . . .189 56. Drillia ebur, Reeve. Ibid., f. 275, . . . .188 57. Drillia albicostata, Sowb. Ibid., f. 62, ... 205 58. Pleurotoma Pateliana, Weink. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 12, f. T. 169 59. Drillia crispata, Reeve (= Loprestiana). Icon., f. 156, 209 60. Drillia corusca, Reeve. Icon/, f. 89, .... 209 61. Drillia Dalli, Verrill and Smith. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 57, f. 1, 181 62. Daplmella Carpenteri, Verrill and Smith. Ibid , f. 2, . 310 63. Drillia callosa, Val. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 104, . 192 64. Surcula sinistralis, Petit. Ibid., f. 81, . . . 240 65. Drillia fuiva, Hinds. Ibid.,f. 237, . . . .210 66. Drillia Loprestiana, Calcara. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 13, f. 8, . . . 209 67. Drillia pyramidata, Kiener. Kiener, Iconog., t. 21, f. 4, 205 68. Drillia ctirbonaria, Reeve (= callosa, Val.). Reeve, Icon., f. 145, ... .... 192 69. Drillia Kennicotti, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t. 16, f. 2, 209 70. Drillia Barkliensis, Adams. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, t. 19, f. 3, ... 192 71. Drillia strigata, Sowb. (= Barkliensis). Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, t. 59, f. 9, 192 72. Drillia vexillum, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 264, . . 209 73. Drillia Mariei. Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1872, t. 2, f. 5, 190 74. Drillia incrassata, Sowb. (=Bottae, ValA Reeve, Icon., f. 76, 192 75. Drillia digitalis, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 138, . .191 76. Drillia Lamberti, Montr. Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., iv, t. 2, f. 10, . . 198 77. Drillia Rougeyroni, Sonverbie (= Barkliensis). Jour. de Conch., 1874, t. 7, f. 1, 192 PLATE 14. 78. Drillia maura. Kiener (= Cerithoidea, Cpr.). Kiener, Iconog., t. 23, f . 1 194 79. Drillia aterrima, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 100, . 194 80. Drillia discors, Sowb. (= aterrima). Ibid., f. 38, . 194 81. Drillia pardalis, Hinds. Ibid., f. 196, . . . .195 82. Drillia quadrifasciata, Gray. Ibid., f. 251, . . . 195 83. Drillia Melchersi, Menke (= aterrima). Specimen, . 194 84. Drillia zonulata, Reeve (= aterrima). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 39, 194 85. Drillia rudis, Sowb. Ibid., f. 53 191 86. Drillia luctuosa, Hinds. Ibid., f. 149, . . . .195 394 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 87. Drillia scarabaens, Reeve, f. Ibid., f. 353, . . .195 88. Drillia rustica, Sowb. (= nigerrima). Ibid. ,f. 91, . 196 89. Drillia unicolor, Sowb. (= nigerrima). Ibid., f. 92, . 196 90. Drillia excentrica, Sowb. (== rudis, Sowb.) Ibid., f. 58, 191 91. Drillia nigerrima, Sowb. Ibid., f. 102, . . . 196 92. Drillia paxillus, Reeve. Ibid., f. 285 194 93. Drillia torosa, Carpenter. Specimen, .... 183 94. Drillia Harfordiana, Reeve (== nigerrima, var.). Reeve, Conch. Icon.,f. 93, 194 95. Drillia Hondurasensis, Reeve. Ibid., 318, . . .194 96. Drillia flavescens, Reeve. Ibid., f. 178, . . .194 97. Drillia fuscescens, Gray. Ibid., f. 125, . . . 193 98. Drillia cuprea, Reeve (= fuscescens, Gray). Ibid., f. 140, 193 99. Drillia harpularia, Desmoul. Ibid., f. 124, . . . 193 100. Drillia bicolor, Sowb. Ibid., f. 40, . . . .196 1. Drillia granulosa, Sowb. Ibid., f. 90, .... 196 2. Drillia zebra, Lam. Ibid., f. 135, . . . .196 3. Drillia Dysoni, Reeve. Ibid., f. 315, . . . .198 4. Drillia Lysidia, Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch. Colum- bella, t. 26, f. 16, 198 5. Drillia albinodata, Reeve (= zebra, Lam.). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 352 196 6. Drillia zebra, Lam, Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 23, f. 4, . 196 7. Drillia collaris, Sowb. (= zebra). Reeve, Icon., f. 120, 196 8. Drillia pallida, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 134, . .196 9. Clathurella monilifera, Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, t. 40, f. 177, 278 10. Drillia cinerea, Weink. (== zebra). Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 23, f. 1, 196 11. Drillia albomaculata, Orb. (= zebra). Orb., Moll. Cuba, t. 24, f. 16, . 166 12. Drillia ornata, Orb. (= zebra). Ibid.,t. 23, f. 26, . 196 PLATE 15. 13. Drillia nigrescens, Gray (= fuscescens). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 235, 193 14. Drillia mucronata, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 328, . . 198 15. Drillia zebroides, Weink. (= zebra). Kiister, Conch. Cab.,t. 2:5, f. 8, 1% Hi. Drillia Clionellfleformis, Weink. Ibid., t. 23, f. 5, .198 17. Drillia rubiginosa, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,f. 226, 199 18. Drillia pulchra, Gray (= zebra). Ibid., f. 351, . . 196 r.). Drilh'a canccllata, Gray. Ibid., f. 317, . ' . .197 20. Drillia nitida, Kiener. Ibid., f. 130, . . . .199 21. Mangilia papillaris, Hinds. Ibid., f. 335, . . . 256 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 395 FIGURE. 22. Drillia cantharis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 272, . . .199 23. Drillia Pagoda, Reeve. Ibid., f. 242 210 24. Clathurella tessellata, Hinds. Ibid., f. 244, . . .297 25. Drillia exihs, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 1. 15, f. 1 9, 206 26. Drillia donata, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 228, » 210 27. Drillia arata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 267, . . . 210 28. Clathurella lemniscata, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 1875, t. 7,f. 11,. . . . . . . 297 29. Clathurella Nassoides, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 259, 296 30. Drillia Pagoda, Reeve (= turns, Reeve). Ibid., f. 344, 210 31. Clathurella Grayi, Reeve. Ibid., f. 232, . . .296 32. Mangilia apicata, Gray. Ibid., f. 305, . . .266 33. Clathurella vuituosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 273, . . .296 34. Mangilia rubida, Hinds. Ibid., f. 220, . . .271 35. Mangilia neglecta, Hinds. ' Ibid., f. 218, . . .267 36. Clathurella compta, Reeve ( = vuituosa, Reeve). Ibid., f. 292, . . 296 37. Mangilia spurca, Hinds. Ibid., f 312, . . .' .273 38. Mangilia cinerea, Hinds. Ibid., f. 195, . . : 273 39. Mangilia margaritifera, Gray. Ibid., f. 354, . . 258 40. Mangilia argillacea, Hinds/ Ibid., f. 317, . .. . 273 41. Mangilia Candida, Hinds. Ibid., f. 221, . . .273 42. Clathurella languida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 257, . . .296 43. Mangilia dsedalea, Reeve (= margaritifera). Ibid., f. 355, 258 44. Mangilia cardinalis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 266, . . .258 45. 47. Mangilia crassilabrum, Reeve. Ibid., f. 118 a, 6, . 258 46. Clathurella Hayesiana, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1871, t. 1, f. 17, 281 48. Clathurella concentricostata. Reeve, Icon., f. 279, . 258 PLATE 16. 49. Clathurella oxyclathrus, Martens. Martens, Mittheil., t. 9, f. 1, . . . . . . .283 50. Clathurella octangula, Dunker. Dunker, Moll. Japon., t. l,f. 18, 283 51. Clathurella sculptilis, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, t. l,f. 19, 282 52. Clathurella tenuilirata, Angas. Ibid., f. 18, . . 281 53. Mangilia Bertiniana, Tapp.-Canefri (= rubida). Bull. Soc. Zool., Hi, t. 6, f. 7, . . ~ . . .271 54. Mano-ilia roseotincta, Montrouz, Jour, de Conch., 1873, t. 4, f. 1, 272 55. Clathurella Robillai-di, Barclay. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, t. 19. f. 2, 284 396 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 56. Glathurella lirata, Reeve, Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 281, 296 57. Mangilia albicans, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 243, 259 58. Mangilia albovirgulata, Souv. Jour, de Conch., 1860, t. 2, f. 12, 274 59. Mangilia metula, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 238, 269 60. Mangilia variculosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 194, . 257 61. Clathurella bicolor, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, t. 1, f. 20, 284 62. Mangilia aspera, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 224, 269 63. Mangilia quisqualis, Hinds. Ibid., f. 230, . . . 257 64. Mangilia rigida, Hinds. Ibid., f. 216, . . . .269 65. Mangilia Dorvillise, Gray, f . Ibid., f. 249, . . .267 66. Clathurella efflcta, Reeve (= vultuosa). Ibid., f. 302, 296 67. Mangilia cfelata, Hinds. Ibid., f. 241, . . .258 68,70. Clathurella Delosensis, Reeve (=clathrata, Serres). Ibid., f. 365 a, 6, 276 69. Clathurella nexa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 282, . . .287 71. Mangilia ericea, Hinds. Ibid., f. 188, . . . .258 72. Clathurella parvula, Reeve. Ibid., f. 254, . . .288 73. Clathurella foveolata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 342, . . 288 74. Clathurella reflexa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 252, . . .288 75. Clathurella albifuniculata, Reeve (= tincta). Ibid., f. 350, . . 292 76. Clathurella tincta, Reeve. Ibid., f. 347, . . .292 77. Clathurella obtusa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 356, . . . 294 78. Clathurella scalaris, Hinds. Ibid., f. 233, . . .287 79. Clathurella puncticincta, 'Reeve. Ibid., f. 258, . .2^0 80. Clathurella granicostata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 323, . . 287 81. Clathurella Philippinensis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 109 a, .287 82. Clathurella fimbriata, Hinds. Ibid., f. 208, . . 288 83. Clathurella retusa, Hinds. Ibid., f. 234, . . .290 PLATE 17. 84. Clathurella albocincta, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, t. l,f. 22, 285 85. Clathurella pustulata, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, t. 5, f. 14, . . 285 86. Clathurella Lallamantiana, Crosse (= Letourneuxiana, var.). Jour, de Conch., 1865, t. 11, f. 5, . . . 286 87. Clathurella Letourneuxiana, Crosse. Ibid., f. 7, . 286 88. Clathurella rufinodis, Martens (= granicostata). Mar- tens, Mauritius, t. 20, f. 2, . . . . . 287 89. Clathurella zonulata, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, t. 13, f. 17, 285 90. Clathurella bicarinata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 23, ... .... REFERENCE TO PLATES. 397 FIQUBE. — PAOE. 91. Daphnella Yincentina, Crosse. Jour, de Conch, 1865, t. 11, f. 6, 311 92. Clathurella modesta, Angas. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, t. 5, f. 15 285 93. Clathurella Brenchleyi, Angas. Ibid., f. 12, . . 285 94. Clathurella gracilispira, Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, t. 19, f. 25, ... . .286 95. Clathurella carinulata, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 1875, t. 13, f. 6, . . 289 96. Clathurella rubroguttata, H. Ad. (= tincta). Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, t. 3, f. 25, . 292 97. Borsonia nigrocincta, Montrouz. Jour, de Conch., 1873, t. 4, f. 2, 228 98. Clathurella Brazieri, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1871, t. l,f. 21, 295 99. Clathurella pulcherrima, H. Adams. Zool. Proc., 1872, t. 3, f. 26, .... . 289 100. Clathurella rufozonata, Ans;as. Zool. Proc., 1877, t. 5, f. 13, 285 1. Lachesis multiplicata, Forbes. (Enl. ?) Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 64 &, 225 2. Clathurella arctata, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 294, 294 3. Clathurella Polynesiensis, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 304, 291 4. Clathurella bilineata, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1871, t.l,f. 23, 288 5. Clathurella eximia, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 82, 290 6. Clathurella amabilis, Hinds. Ibid., f. 308, . '. . 287 7. Clathurella foraminata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 301, . .288 8. Clathurella micans, Hinds. Ibid., f. 227, . . . 290 9. Clathurella canaliculata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 348, . . 284 10. Clathurella cavernosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 303 . . 290 11. Mangilia fusoides, Reeve (= gracilenta). Ibid., f. 349, 252 12. Clathurella Hindsii, Reeve. Ibid., f. 119, . . .289 13. Clathurella glumacea, Hinds. Ibid., f. 240, . .291 14. Clathurella sculpta, Hinds. Ibid., f. 154, . . . 280 15. Clathurella tricarinata, Val. Ibid., f 121 6, . .289 16. Clathurella debilis, Hinds. Ibid., f. 187, . . .282 17. Clathurella Metcalfiana, Reeve. Ibid., f. 229, . .288 18. Clathurella felina, Hinds. Ibid., f. 80, . . .292 19. Clathurella dentifera, Hinds. Ibid., f. 236, . . .291 20. Clathurella pyramidula, Reeve. Ibid., f. 260, . .286 PLATE 18. 21. Mangilia obesicostata Reeve (= Guarani). Conch. Icon., f. 265, . . 247 22. Clathurella angulifera, Reeve. Ibid., f. 360, . . 278 23. Clathurella cTOrbignyi, Reeve (= candidula). Ibid., f. 359, . " . ... 278 398 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE, 24. Clathurella candidula, Reeve. Ibid., f. 358, • . . 278 25. Clathurella clathrata, Reeve (= candidula). Ibid., f. 361, 278 26. Clathurella turbinelloides. Reeve. Ibid., f. 295, . . 280 27. Clathurella macrostoma, Reeve. • Ibid., f. 362, . . 279 28. Clathurella occidental, Reeve. Ibid., f. 357, . . 279 29. Clathurella rubricata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 321, . . 279 30. Mario-ilia laqueata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 280, . . . 246 31. Clathurella quadrata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 253, . . 278 32. Clathurella merita, Hinds. Ibid., f. 148, . . .280 33. Clathurella Leufroyi, Mich. Ibid., f. 131, . . .276 34. Clathurella linearis, Mont. Ibid., f. 296, . . .276 35. Clathurella reticulata, Ren. (= Cordieri, Payr.). Ibid., f. 122, 275 36. Mana:ilia costata, Gray (= trilineata, Ads.). Ibid., f. 298, 247 37. Daphnella Forthinensis, Reeve (= accincta, Montg.). Ibid., f. 246, 310 38. Daphnella gracilis, Mont. Ibid., f. 50, . . .312 39. Daphnella teres, Forbes (= anceps, Eichw.). Ibid., f. 161, 312 40. Clathurella purpurea, Blainv. Ibid., f. 136, . . 275 41. Clathurella purpurea, var. Philberti. Ibid., f. 129, . 275 42. Clathurella rava, Hinds. Ibid., f. 250, . . .296 43. Clathurella scalpta, Reeve (=rmonilifera,Sowb.). Ibid., f. 338, . . 278 44. Clathurella Guildingii, Reeve. Ibid., f. 268, . . 279 45. Daphnella Forbesii, Reeve (= brachystoma, Phil.). Ibid., f. 339, ......... 308 46. Clathurella occata, Hinds. Ibid., f. 197, . . .280 PLATE 19. 47. Clathurella Martensi, Novill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 1875, t. 7,f. 8, . . 291 48. Clathurella Blanfordi, Nevill. Ibid., f. 14, . . . 291 49. Clathurella Smithii, Nevill. Ibid., t. 8, f. 13, . 292 50. Mangilia apiculata, Montr. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., iv, t. 10, f. 2, 273 51. Mangilia canaliculata, Pease (= rubida, Hinds). Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 17, 271 52. Clathurella scalarina, Deshayes. Moll. Reunion, t. 12, f. 12, 296 53. Clathurella albostrigata, Baird. Voy. Curacoa, t. 37, f. 3, 292 54. Clathurella cyclophora, Deshayes. Moll. Reunion, t. 12, f. 19, . . . 292 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 399 FIGURE. — FAiHS. 55. Clathurella contortula, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 1875, t. 7, f. 12, 294 56. Clathurella Reeveana, Deshayes. Moll. Reunion, 1. 12, f. 5, . 291 57. Clathurella rtigosa, Migh. Donum.Bism., t. 1, f. 5, . 296 58. Clathurella Enginoeformis, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 1875, t. 7, f. 9, 294 59. Clathurella Armstrong!, Nevill. Ibid., f. 13, . .294 60. Clathurella Masoni, Nevill. Ibid., f. 7, ... 293 61. Clathurella singularis, Nevill. Ibid., f. 10, . . . 293 62. Borsonia nigrocincta, Montr. Ibid., f. 6, . . 228 63. Clathurella producta, Pease. Donum Bismark, t. 1, f. 3, 298 64. Mangilia obesa, Garrett. Phila. Proc., 1873, t. 2, f. 36, 273 65. Clathurella perplexa, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 1875, t. 7, f. 5, 298 66. Clathurella dsedalea, Garrett. Proc. A. N. S. Philad., 1873, t. 2, f. 33, .. . . 294 67. Clathurella clandestina, Deshayes. Moll. Reunion, t. 12, f. 15, . . . 298 68. Clathurella pumila, Mighels. Donum Bism., t. 1, f. 2, 298 69. Clathurella infrasulcata, Garrett (— cavernosa). Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, t. 2, f. 35, . . . . 290 70. Clathurella maculosa, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 16, . ....... . . .293 71. Clathurella Nagasakiensis, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1879, t. 19,f..l3, . 286 72. Clathurella semilineata, Garrett (= granosa, Dunker). Phila. Proc., 1873, t. 2, f. 37, 295 73. Clathurella Darnleyensis, Brazier. Specimen, . . 256 74. Clathurella punctifera, Garrett. Phila. Proc, 1873, t. 2, f. 39, 293 75. Clathurella tumida, Pease (= Reeveana, Desh.). Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 14, . . . . . 291 PLATE 20. 76. Clathurella, purpurata, Souv. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., i, t. 11, f. 8, 298 77. Mangilia Montrouzieri, Souv. Ibid., f. 7, . . . 273 78. Clathurella torquata, Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 26, f. 14, 275 79. Clathurella scabrum, Jeffreys (= Cordieri, Payr.). Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d ser., ii, t. 5, f. 9 6, . . 275 80. Clathurella affinis, Dall. Calif. Proc., v, t. 2, f, 7, . 281 81. Clathurella violacea, Pease (= clandestina, Desh.). Am. Journ. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 15, . . . .298 82. Clathurella Antillarum, d'Orb. Cuba, t. 24, f. 2, . 279 400 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PA OK 83. Clathurella Auberiana, d'Orb. (= rubricata, Reeve). Cuba, t. 24, f. 5, 279 84. Clathurella elatior, d'Orb. Cuba, t. 23, f. 35, . .279 85. Clathurella Lavalleana, d'Orb. (= Antillarum). Cuba, t.24, f. 7, 279 86. Daphnella amoena, Sars. Moll. Norv., t. 17, f. 10 a, . 313 87. Clathurella Caribaea, d'Orb. Cuba, t. 23, f. 32, . .279 88. Clathurella Vespucciana, d'Orb. (= Antillarum). Cuba, t. 24, f. 13, 279 89. Clathurella labiosa, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1871, t. 75, f. 9, 292 90. Clathurella pulchella, Garrett (= purpurascens, Dkr.). Phila. Proc., 1873, t. 2, f. 32, 298 91. Clathurella Canfieldi, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t. 15, f. 9, . 280 92. Clathurella Jewetti, Stearns i= plicata, Ads.). Proc. Phila. Acad., 1873, p. 346, 277 93. Clathurella Candeana, d'Orb. Cuba, t. 24, f. 10, . 279 94. Mangilia subula, Reeve. Reeve, Icon., f. 211, . . 270 95. Clathurella inflexa, Martens. Mittheil., t. 21, f. 10, . 280 96. Clathurella pinguis, Garrett (= Malleti, Recluz). Phila. Proc., 1873, t. 2, f. 38, 297 97. Daphnella polita, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 150, . . 311 98. Mangilia sordida, Reeve. Icon., f. 286, . . . 254 99. Clathurella caelata, Garrett. Phila. Proc., 1873, t. 2, f. 34, 295 100. Clathurella Malleti, Recluz. Jour, de Conch., iii, t. 10, f. 2, 297 1. Mangilia hexagonalis, Reeve. Reeve. Icon., f. 293, . 251 2. Mangilia nitens, Hinds. Ibid., f. 189, .... 253 3. Mangilia pseudocarinata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 256, . . 254 4. Mangilia obeliscus, Reeve (= hexagonalis). Ibid., f. 56, 251 5. Mangilia opalus, Reeve. Ibid., f. 274, . . . 253 6. Daphnella ignifera, Reeve. Ibid., f. 214, . . .302 PLATE 21. 7. Daphnella JEgeensis, Forbes (= turgida, Forbes). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 164, 308 8. Bela septangularis, Montg. Ibid., f. 322, . . .223 9. Bela Ginnaniana, Scacchi (? = septangularis). Ibid., f. 45, . . . 223 10. Mangilia Sicula, Reeve. Ibid., f. 1, . . . .244 11. Daphnella Isevigata, Phil. (= nebula). Ibid., f. 291, . 307 12. Mangilia Bertram!!, Payr. Ibid., f. 46, . . .244 13. Mangilia tseniata, Desh. Ibid., f. 351, .... 243 14. Clathurella lineolata, Gray. Ibid., f. 337, . . .295 15. Daphnella abyssicola, Forbes. Ibid., f. 157, . . .309 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 401 PAGE. 16. Daphnella minuta, Forbes. Ibid., f. 158, . . .309 17. Mangilia Vauquelini, Payr. Ibid., f. 108, . . 243 18. Mangilia rigida, Reeve (= Vauquelini). Ibid., f. 40, 243 19. Daphnella striolata, Scacchi (= costulata, Bl.). Ibid., f. 320 309 20. Daphnella nebula, Mont. Ibid., f. 198, . 307 21. Daphnella Cycladensis, Forbes (= braehystoma, Phil.). Ibid., f. 289 308 22. Drillia affinis, Gray (= flavescens. Reeve). Ibid., f. 309, .194 23. Daphnella Lceviana, Forbes (== costulata, Blainv.). Ibid., f. 290, 309 24. Daphnella attenuata, Mont. Ibid., f. 248, . . . 308 25. Daphnella turgida, Forbes. Ibid., f. 163, . . .308 26. Mangilia cavernosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 8, . . . 251 27. Mangilia Dysoni, Reeve. Ibid., f. 29 247 28. Mangilia planilabroides, Try on (= planilabrum, Rve.). Ibid., f. 43, 263 29. Daphnella fortis, Forbes (== turgida, Fbs.). Ibid., f. 165, . .308 30. Mangilia pentagonalis, Gray. Ibid., f. 255, . . 246 31. Mangilia trifasciata, Gray (= bilineata, C. B. Ad.). Ibid., 1. 297, 247 32. Mangilia luteofasciata, Reeve (= albovittata, Ad.). Ibid., f. 239, ' . .248 33. Daphnella hyalina, Reeve, Ibid., f. 287, . . .301 34. Mangilia undaticosta, Reeve. Ibid., f. 284, . .251 35. Mangilia bella, Hinds. Ibid., f. 146, . . . .249 36. 37. Daphnella pessulata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 115 a, 6, .311 38. Mangilia formicaria, Sowb. Ibid., f. 247, . . .250 39. Daphnella plumbea, Hinds. Ibid., f. lol, . . .300 40. Mangilia symmetrica, Reeve. Ibid., f. 340, . . 247 41. Mangilia badia, Reeve. Ibid., f. 60, . . . . 247 PLATE 22. 42. Bela secalina, Phil, (septangularis). Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 26, f. 9, . 223 43. Daphnella cerina, Kurtz and Stimpson. Shells N. Eng., t. 2, f. 2, 310 44. Mangilia rngulosa, Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 26, f. 8, . 245 45. Daphnella braehystoma, Phil. Ibid., f. 10, . . . 308 46. Mangilia Guarani, d'Orb. Voy. Amer., t. 77, f. 14, . 247 47. Mangilia luctuosa, d'Orb. Cuba, t. 23, f. 29, . . 246 48. Mangilia Fairbankii, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 1875, t. 7, f. 2, 270 402 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 49. Daphnella decussata, Phil. (= nuperrima, Tiberi). Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 26, f. 23, . . . . 307 50. Mangilia brevis, Pease (— cithara, Gould). Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 11, . . . . . .263 51. Mangilia gemmulata, Deshayes (= interrupta, Reeve). Moll. Reunion, t. 12, f. 8, 2G5 52. Mangilia fulvocincta, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 1875, t. 7,f. 1, . .252 53. Mangilia multilirieolata, Deshayes. Expl. Moree, 1. 19, f. 46 244 54. Daphnella variegata, Carpenter. Specimen, . . 300 55. Mangilia splendlda, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 1867, t. 19, f/24, 255 56. Mangilia interlirata, Stearns. Cal. Proc., iv, t. 1, f. 10, 248 57. Daphnella interfossa, Carpenter. Specimen, . . 310 58. Mangilia Coppingeri, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 4, f/2, 255 59. Daphnella fulgurans, Krauss. Sudaf. Moll., t. 6, f. 11, 311 60. Mangilia robusticostata, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1879, t. 19, f. 28, . . . . . . . . . .255 61. Mangilia insculpta, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., 1863, t. 37, f. 8, 256 62. Mangilia costulata, Dunker. Moll. Japon., t. 1, f. 20, . 255 63. Mano-ilia trivittata, Ad. and Reeve (=,pellucida). Moll. Samarang, t. 10, f. 9, 266 64. Clathurella apicalis, Montr. (= felina, Hinds). Jour. de Conch., 3d ser.,i, t. 11, f. 6, 292 65. Mangilia coniformis, Souverb. (= Souverbiei)_ Jour. de Conch., 1875, t. 13, f. 5, 264 66. Mangilia v'ittata, Hinds. Yoy. Sulph., t. 9, f. 3, . . 269 67. Mangilia angulosa, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1871, t. 75, f. 10, . . . . . . . . .256 68. Mangilia flavescens, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1877, t. 5, f. 11 256 69. Mangilia scalata, Souverb. (= angicostata). Jour, de Conch., 1874, t. 7, f. 4, 252 70. Mangilia Leuckarti, Dunker (== costulata). Moll. Japon., t. 1, f. 1, 255 71. Mangilia Deshayesii, Dunker. Ibid., t. 1, f. 3, . .256 72. Mangilia picta, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., 1863, t. 37, f. 7, 256 73. Daphnella Jacksonensis, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1877, t. 5, f. 10, .311 PLATE 23. 74. 75. Mangilia interrupta, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 16 a, &, 265 76. Mangilia pura, Reeve. Ibid., f. 63, . . . 254 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 403 77. Mangilia, lineata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 42, . . . . 253 78. Mangilia pallida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 34, . . 25^ ^ 79. Mangilia zonala, Reeve. Ibid., f. 15, . . . . 254 80. Mangilia iivida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 28, .. . 253 81. Dapimella casta, Hinds. (== Reeveana, Tryon). Ibid., f. 55, . ...... . . 305 82. Mangilia gracilis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 13, v, . 267 83. Mangilia fulva, Reeve (= lutescens, Reeve). Ibid., f. 271, ......... 253 84. Mangilia castanea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 48, ... 255 85. Mangilia angicostata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 327, . . .252 86. Mangilia semen, Reeve. Ibid., f. 333, .... 254 87. Mangilia plaiiilabrum. Ibid., f. 88, . . . 263 88. Mangilia contracta, Reeve (= gracilenta). Ibid., f. 116, ......... 251 89. Mangilia clara, Reeve. Ibid. , f . 190, . . . .252 90. Clathurella albibalteata, Reeve (= Cumingii, Powis). Ibid., f. 84, ........ 283 91. Clathurella Tritonoidcs, Reeve. Ibid., f. 85, . . 283 92. Mangilia cylindrica, Reeve. Ibid., f. 9 b, . . 267 93. Mangilia pyramidalis, Reeve. Ibid., t. 5, f. 1.3, . . 261 94. Mangilia oryza, Hinds. Ibid., f. 37, . . . . 259 95. Mangilia vitrea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 300, .... 254 96. Mangilia Zebuensis, Reeve (== derelicta, Rve.). Ibid., C, 68, ......... .266 97. Dapimella urnnla, Reeve. Ibid., f. 245, . . .306 98. Mangilia gracilenta, Reeve. Ibid. , f . 114, . . .251 99. Mangilia cornea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 341, . . .253 100. Dapimella a3ruginosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 261, . . 311 1. Mangilia Stromboides, Reeve. Ibid., f. 33, . . . 264 2. Mangilia fnsiformis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 19, ... 268 3. Mangilia elegans. Reeve. Ibid., f 41, . . . 264 4. Mangilia conohelicoides, Reeve. Ibid., f. 25, . . 262 5. Mangilia ponderosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 44, . . . 262 PLATE 24. 0. Mangilia vittata, Reeve (= exqnisita, Smith). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 53, ....... 269 7. Mangilia gracilis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 13 a, ... 267 8. Mangilia vexillum, Reeve. Ibid., f. 2 a, . . . 265 9. Mangilia cylindrica, Reeve. Ibid., f. 9 6, . . . 267 10. Mangilia reticnlata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 17, . • . 262 11. Mangilia balteata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 57, ... 247 12. Mangilia Antillarum, Reeve. Ibid. , f . 4ft, . . .261 13. Mangilia c}rtharella, Lam. Ibid., f. 5, . . . . 257 14. Mangilia lyra, Reeve (= cytharella). Ibid., f. 3, . 257 404 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 15. Mangilia gracilis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 11 a, . . . 267 16. Mangilia funiciilata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 7, . . . 267 17. Mangilia Columbelloides, Reeve (— Marginelloides). Ibid., f. 246 261 18. Man^ilia pusilla, Reeve ( = funebris, Reeve). Ibid., f. 50, 251 19. Mangilia abyssicola, Reeve. Ibid., f. 30 a, . . . 260 20. Mangilia pulchella, Reeve. Ibid., f. 18 a, . . .265 21. Mangilia lyrica. Ibid., f. 206, . . . . .268 22. Mangilia Marginelloides, Reeve. Ibid., f. 6 a, . .261 23. Mangilia turricula, Reeve. Ibid., f. 53, . . .268 24. Mangilia tribbosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 21, . . . 266 25. Mangilia Novae-Hollandiae, Reeve (= gibbosa, Rve.). Ibid., f. 27, 266 26. Mangilia astricta, Reeve. Ibid., f. 59, ... 260 27. Mangilia funebris, Reeve. Ibid., f. 32, ... 251 28. Mangilia angulata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 62, ... 259 29. Mangilia cincta, Reeve. Ibid., f. 69, . . . . 259 30. Mangilia derelicta, Reeve. Ibid., f. 66, . . . 266 31. Mangilia pellucida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 61, . . . 266 PLATE 25. 32. Mangilia Delacouriana, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1872, t. 2, f. 4, 263 33. Mangilia daedalea, Pease (= debilis, Pse.). Am. Jour. Conch , iii, t. 15, f. 13, . . . . . .270 34. Mangilia angela, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., 1863, t. 3, f. 21, 267 35. Mangilia Balansai, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1873, t. 5, f. 5, 264 36. Mangilia bella, Ad. and Angas (= Boakei, Nevill). Zool. Proc., 1863, t. 37, f. 6, 270 37. Mangilia decussata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 10, 263 38. Clathurella alba, Desh. Moll. Reunion, t. 12, f. 17, .296 39. Daphnella varicifera, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii., t. 15, f. 21. 301 40. Mangilia Isseli, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, 1875, t. 7, f. 17, 272 41. Daphnella dentata, Sou verb. Jour, de Conch., xviii, t. 14, f. 5, 305 42. Mangilia dubiosa, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, 1875, t. 7, f. 18, 264 43. Mangilia cithara, Gould. Wilkes Exped. Moll., f. 3 6, 263 44. Mangilia gradata, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, 1875, t. 7, f. 15, 262 45. Mangilia Richardi, Crosse (= reticulata, Rve A Jour. de Conch., 1872, t. 2, f. 3, 262 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 405 F GURE. FAOE. 46. Mangilia onager, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 18*75, t. 13, f. 4, . . .272 47. Mangilia Guestieri, Souverb. (= reticulata, Rve.). Jour, de Conch., 1873, t. 4, f. 8, . . . . 262 48. Man^ilia Isseli, var. cernica, Nevill. Jour. Bengal, 1875, t, 7,f. 16, . . . . 272 49. Daphnella compta, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., 1863, t. 37, f. 5, . . 306 52. Mangilia unilineata, Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, t. 30, f. 13, 272 51. Mangilia triticea, Kiener. Iconog., t. 27, f. 3, . . 268 50. Mangilia interstriata, Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, t. 30, f. 13, ... 272 53. Mangilia biclathrata, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 1873, t. 4, f. 4, 272 54. Daphnella trivaricosa. Martens. Mauritius, t. 20, f. 1, 305 55. Daphnella crenulata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 20, 304 56. Clathurella subzonata, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1879, t. 19, f. 27, 284 57. Daphnella vitrea, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad., 1873, t. 3,f. 60, .303 58. Borsonia Giliberti, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 1874, t. 7, f. 2 . . . • . .228 59. Clathurella fuscobalteata, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1879, t. 19, f. 26, 284 60. Daphnella Lymneiformis, Kiener. Iconog., t. 22, f. 3, . 300 61. Daphnella aspera, Carp. Specimen, .... 317 . 62. Daphnella gracilior, Hemphill. Specimen, . . .317 63. Daphnella filosa, Carp. Specimen, . . . .317 PLATE 26. 64. Mangilia abyssicola, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 30 &, . 260 65. Mangilia bicolor, Reeve. Ibid., f. 31, . . . . 268 66. Mangilia pessulata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 38, ... 260 67. Mangilia Hornbeckii, Reeve. Ibid., f. 47, . . . 248 68. Mangilia Reevei, Try on (== crassilabrum, Reeve). Ibid., f. 36, . . .' 265 69. Mangilia lamellata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 12, . . . 265 70. Mangilia tenebrosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 26 a, . . . 260 71. Mangilia obesa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 14, . . . 262 72. Mangilia maculata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 22 a, . . 259 73. Mangilia capillaeea, Reeve. Ibid., f. 10, . . . 263 74. Mangilia fasciata, Gray. Ibid., f. 52, . . . .269 75. Daphnella saturata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 213, . . . 303 76. Clathurella Cumingii, Powis. Ibid., f. 110 a, . . 283 406 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PAGE. 77. Daphnella aureola, Reeve. Ibid., f. 212, . . .302 78. Daphnella flammea, Hinds. Ibid., f. 210, . . .302 79. Mano-ilia coniformis, Gray. Ibid., f. 67, . . . 264 80. Daplmella delicata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 310, . . .301 81. Daplmella pluricarinata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 288, . . 304 82. Daphnella hyalina, Reeve-. Ibid., f. 280, . . .301 83. Clathurella fenestrata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 319, . . 283 84. Daphnella Ticaonica, Reeve. Ibid., f. 270, . . .304 85. Daphnella axis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 3-11, .... 304 86. Daphnella hyalina, Reeve. Ibid., f. 269, . . .301 87. Daphnella aegrota. Reeve. Ibid., f. 276, . . . 305 88. Daphnella ornata, Hinds. Ibid., f. 209, . . .302 89. Daphnella patula, Reeve (== Lymneiformis). Ibid., f. 215, . . . . 300 90. Daplmella fragilis, Reeve (= Lymneiformis, var.). Ibid., f. 179, 300 91. Clathurella lactea, Reeve (== tricarinata, Rve.). Ibid., f. 123o, 289 92. Daplmella Boholensis, Reeve. Ibid., f. 112 a, . .301 93. Daphnella Lymnseformis, Kiener. Ibid., f. 325, . . 300 94. Daphnella crebriplicata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 313, . . 305 95. Daphnella Daphnelloides, Reeve (=:marmorata, Hinds). Ibid., f. 206, 302 96. Daphnella casta, Hinds. Ibid., f. 336, . . . .300 97. Daphnella olyra, Reeve. Ibid., f. 207, . . . .306 98. Daphnella inquinata, Reeve. Ibid., f. 283, . . .304 PLATE 27. 1. Daphnella tessellata, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad., t. 3, f. 61, 1873, 303 2. Daphnella millegrana, Garrett. Ibid., t. 3, f. 59, . . 303 3. Lachesis pellis-phocse, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 263, 225 4. Lachesis multiplicata, Forbes (= minima). Reeve, Icon., f. 364, .224 5. Daphnella varicosa, Sonverbie. Jour, de Conch., 1874, t. 7, f. 3, 305 6. Pieurotoma clavulus, Sowb. (= Columbella, Manual, v. 184). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 106. t. Mangilia Goodalli, Gray. Ibid., f. 58, . . . .260 8, 9. Clathurella Rissoides, Reeve. Ibid., f. Ill a, 6, . 281 JO. Manp-ilia solida, Reeve. Ibid., f. 64, . . . .274 11. Mangilia marmorosa, Reeve. Ibid., f. 54, . . . 272 12. Mangilia Celebensie, Hinds. Ibid., f. 49, . . .260 l:;. Mangilia nana, Reeve (= cincta, Reeve). Ibid. , f. 71. . 2;V.) 14. Mangilia triticea, Kiener. Ibid., f. 128, . . . 268 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 401 FIGURE. i'AGfi. 15. Daphnella fusiformis, Garrett. Proc. Philad. Acad.,t. 3, f. 58, 1873, 303 16. Daphnella curta, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 22, 304 17. Mangilia cinnamomea, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 39, 266 18. Bela Groenlandica, Reeve (= B bicarinata, Couth.). Ibid., f. 343, 214 19. Mangilia coronata, Hinds,. Ibid., f. 51, . . .260 20. Bela viridula, Moll. (= Col. Holbolii, Beck). Ibid., f. 306, 223 21. Bela scalaris, Vahl (= decussata). Ibid., f. 277, . 217 22. Bela turricula, Montg. Ibid., f. 162, . . .219 23. Daphnella dormitor, Sowb. Sowb., Thes. Conch., i, t. 40, f, 173, 318 24. Mangilia digitalis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 70, . . 268 25. Bela leucostoma, Reeve (= decussata). Ibid., f. 278, 217 26. Bela livida, Moll. (= Bela bicarinata, Couth.). Ibid., f. 316, . . .214 27. Bela Molleri, Reeve (— concinnula, Yerrill). Ibid., f. 324, . 220 28. Bela Lyciaca, Forbes. Ibid., f. 160, . . . .221 29. Bela decussata, Macg. (= Trevelyana). Ibid., f. 159, 221 30. Bela Vahlii, Moll. (= pyramidalis). Ibid., f. 332, . 215 31. Bela rugulata, Moll. (= bicarinata). Ibid., f. 345, . 214 PLATE 28. 32. Bela bicarinata, Couth. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 16, f. 12, 214 33. Bela violacea/Mighels (= bicarinata). Ibid., 1. 17, f. 2, 214 34. Bela violacea, var. levior, Sars (= bicarinata). Ibid., t. 17, f. 3, 214 35. 36. Bela tenuicostata, Sars (= decussata). Ibid.,t. 17, f. 16, a, . 217 37. Bela harpularia, var. rosea, Sars (= turricula). Ibid., t. 23, f. 10, 219 38. Bela declivis, Loven. Ibid., t. 16, f. 10, ... 218 39. Bela scalaroides, Sars (= turricula). Ibid., t. 23, f. 7, 219 40. Bela pyramidalis, Strom. Ibid., t. 16, f. 3, . . . 215 41. Bela nobilis, Moller (= turricula). Ibid., t. 16, f. 19, . 219 42. Bela nobilis, juv., Sars (= Americana). Ibid., t. 16, f. 20, . ..220 43. Mangilia imperfectum, Folin. Meleagrinicoles, t. 5, f. 17, 250 44. Bela assimilis, Sars (= turricula). Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 23, f. 8, 219 45. Bela harpularia, Sars (= turricula). Ibid., t. 16, f. 17, 219 27 408 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIOUBJB. PAGB. 46. Bela angulosa, Sars (= cancellata, Moll.). Ibid., t. 16, f. 16, . 218 47. Bela pyramidalis, var. semiplicata. Ibid., t. 16, f. 4, . 215 48. Bela cinerea, Moller. Ibid., t. 23, f. 4, ... 218 49. Bela cancellata, Sars (= Sarsii, Verrill). Ibid., t. 23, f. 3, 218 50. Bela obliqua, Sars. Ibid., t. 16, f. 6, . . . .219 PLATE 29. 51. Bela harpularia, Couth. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 43, f. 14, 219 52. Bela expansa, Sars. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 17, f. T, .216 53. Bela elegans, Moll. (= cancellata). Ibid., t. 16, f. 15, 218 54. Bela concinnula Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 43, f. 15, 220 55. Bela decussata, Couth. Ibid., t. 43, f. 13, . . . 217 56. Bela simplex, Middendorff (== Schantarica). Reise, t. 12, f. 16, . 214 57. Bela mitrula, Loven (= turricula). Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 23, f. 9, . . 219 58. Pleurotomella Agassizi, Yerrill and Smith. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 57, f. 3, 316 59. Pleurotomella Packardi, Verrill. Ibid., t. 43, f. 9, . 316 60. Bela pygmsea, Verrill (= decussata). Ibid., t. 57, f. 8, 217 61. Bela conoidea, Sars. Moll. Norv., t. 16, f. 14, . . 221 62. Pleurotomella Pandionis, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 57, f. 4, . . . . 316 63. Taranis pulchella, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 57, f. 17, 315 64. Bela Pingeli, Moller. Ibid., t. 43, f. 16, ... 217 65. Bela incisula, Verrill (= decussata). Ibid., t. 43, f. 12, 217 66. Taranis Morchi, Malm. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 17, f. 8, . 315 67. Bela cancellata, Mighels. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 43, f. 10, . . .218 68. Bela Gouldii, Verrill (= Americana, var.). Ibid., t. 57, f. 6, 220 69. Bela hebes, Verrill (= decussata). Ibid., t. 57, f. 7, . 217 PLATE 30. 70. Mangilia Godeffroyi, Folin. Meleagrinicoles, t. 5,f. 12, 250 71. Clathurella nodosa, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 15, . . 299 72. Mangilia leucolabratum, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 13, . 250 73. Clathurella pustulosa, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 14, . . 298 74. Mangilia Carpenteri, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 11, . . 250 75. Mangilia hirsutum, Folin. Ibid., t. 5, f. 16, . . 270 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 409 FIGURE. 76. Mangilia amabilis, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc., xliii, t. l,f. 11, ......... 273 77. Clavatula sacerdos, Reeve. Jahf. Mai. Gesell., x, t. 3, f. 10, .......... 229 78. Drillia umbilicata, Gray. Ibid., t. 3, f. 5, . . .179 79. Drillia callosa, Val. Ibid., t. 3, f. 3, . . . .192 80. Drillia tripter. Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 1, . . .208 81. Drillia consociata, Smith. Ibid., t. 3, f. 4, . . .192 82. Surcula pluteata, Reeve. Ibid., t. 3, f. 7, . . 240 83. Clavatula ferruginea, Maltzan (= rubrifasciata, Rve.). Ibid., t. 3, f. 8, ........ 229 84. Clavatula Colini, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 9, . . . 230 85. Drillia Isevisulcata, Maltzan (= coccinata, Reeve). Ibid., t. 3, f. 6, ........ 188 86. Daphnella mediofasciata, Maltzan (= nebula, var.). Ibid , t, 3, f. 12, ....... 307 87. Mangilia subclathrata, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 13, . 245 88. Mangila Struckii, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 14, . .245 89. Daphnella Senegalensis, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 15, . 310 90. Drillia ballista, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 2, . . . 208 91. Mangilia Goreensis, Maltzan. Ibid., t. 3, f. 11, . .246 92. Bela pleurotomaria, Couth. Gould, Invert. Mass., f. 625, ....... . . .215 93. Bela turricula, Montg. Ibid., f. 620, . . . .219 94. Bela Kobelti, Verk. (=decussata). Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., iii, t. 4, f. 5, ........ 217 95. Lachesis Turqueti, Velain. Arch. Zool. Exper., vi, t. 2, f. 18, ......... 226 96. Bela Isevigata, Dall. (= Schantarica). Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t. 16, f. 7, ... . 214 97. Bela gigas, Beck (= Schantarica). Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., ii, t. 8, f 6? ........ 214 98. Clathurella plicata, Adams. Gould, Invert. Mass., f. 619, . ....... 277 PLATE 31. 1. Halia Priamus, Meuschen. Reeve, Icon., xiv, fig. 1 d, . 318 2. Pusionella aculeiformis, Lam. Kiener, Iconog. Fusus, t. 29, f. 2, . ....... 234 3. Pusionella Catelini, Petit (= aculeiformis). Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 1, f. 2, . ...... 234 4. Pusionella buccinatus, Lam (= vulpina, Born.). Kie- ner, Iconog. Fusus, t. 8, f. 2, ..... 234 5. Pusionella Recluziana, Petit (= vulpina). Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 1, f. 1, . . . .234 410 REFERENCE TO PLATES. MGUOT. 6. Pusionella albocincta, Petit (= vulpina). Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 1, f. 12, 234 7. Pusionella Milleti, Petit. Jour de Conch., ii, 1. 1, f. 6, ! 235 8. Pusionella subgranulata, Petit (= Milleti). Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 2, f. ], 235 9. Pusionella valida, Dunker. Novit. Conch., t. 10, f. 1,. 234 10. Pusionella Candida, Phil. (? = valida). Abbild. iii, Fusus, t. 5, f. 7, 234 11. Pusionella rapnlum, Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Buc- cinum, f. 83, 235 12. Pusionella. Wallaysii, Petit (= rapulum). Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 1,'f. 7 235 13. 14. Pusionella nifat, Brug. Kiener, Fusus, t. 23, f. 1 • t- 24, f. 2, ' .' I 235 PLATE 32. 15. Perrona taxus, Chemn. Kiener, Iconog., t. 10, f. 1, . 231 16. Pleurotoraa difflcilis, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 19 f . 8 1879, . . 173 17. Bela fidicula, Gould. Moll. Wilkes Exped., f. 284, . 222 18. Bela subluta, Gould. Ibid., f. 286, .... ^22 19. Drillia tiarella, Kiener (=nigerrima, Sowb.). Iconog., t. 3,f. 2, . . . 196 20. Clathurella granulosissima, Tenison-Woods. Speci- men, 282 21. Lachesis minima, Mont. Jour, de Conch., t. 5, f. 7, 1868, 224 22. Lachesis lineolata, Tiberi (= candidissima). Ibid., t. 5, f. 5, 1868, . 225 23. Lachesis candidissima, Phil. Ibid., t. 5, f. 4, 18H8, . 225 24. Lachesis mamillata, Risso (= minima). Ibid., t. 5, f. 6, 1868, 224 25. Lachesis Folinag, Phil. Phil., Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 27, f. 10, 225 26. Lachesis meridionalis, Smith. Zool. Proc., 1881, t. 4, f- 3, .226 27. Clathurella sculptilior, Tenison-Woods. Specimen, . 282 28. Daphnella nana, Loven. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll.,t. 112, f. 8, 315 29. Daphnella delicatula, Tenison-Woods. Specimen, . 302 30. Clathurella volutella, Kiener (= inflata). Kiener, Iconog., t. 25, f. 1, 274 31. Daphnella teres, Forbes (= anceps, Eichw.). Forbes and Hanley, t. 113, f. 2, . . 313 32. Mangilia albida, Desh. Expl. Moree, t. 19, f. 22, . 245 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 411 FIGURE. PAGE. 33. Mangilia Sandriana, Brusina (= Paciniana). Jahrb. Mai. Gesell., i, t. 10, f. 5, 243 34. Clathurella Cordieri, Payr. Payr., Moll. Corse., t. 7. f. 11, 275 35. Bela rufa, Mont. Forbes and Hanley, t. 112, f. 3, . 224 36. Surcula astricta, Reeve. Weinkauff, Kiister; t. 9, f. 4, 240 37. Mangilia coarctata, Forbes and Hanley (= costata). Forbes and Hanley, t. 114 a, f. 5, . . . . 244 38 Drillia crenularis, Lam. Weinkauff, Kiister, t. 10, f. 6. 178 39. Clavatula patruelis, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 10, 1879, . .230 40. Clathurella felina, Hinds. Yoy. Sulphur, t. 7, f. 4, . 292 41. Drillia acuminata, Migh. Martens, Don. Bism., t. 1, f . 1 190 42. Drillia inermis, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, t. 5, f. 7, . . 182 43. Drillia duplicata, Weinkauff (= niaura). Kiister, t. 10, f. 9, 181 44. Drillia lanceolata, Reeve. Martens, Mittheil., t. 8, f. 4 a, 181 45. 46. Drillia aterrima, Sowb. Weinkauff, Kiister, t. 19, f. 1; t. 17, f. 2, 194 47. Mangilia cserulans, Apellius (= Bertrandi). Bull. Mai. Ital., ii, t. 4, f. 1, . . . . . .244 48. Drillia Beckii , Weink. (= unizonalis). Weinkauff, Kiis- ter, t. 13, f. 4, . . 186 49. Mangilia melanostoma, Garrett ( = angicostata). Proc. Philad. Acad., t. 2, f. 40, 1873, . . . > .252 50. Mangilia pygmaea, Dunker. Moll. Japon., t. 1, f. 8, . 257 PLATE 33. 51. Halia Priamus,Meusch. Jour, de Conch., 2d ser.,iii,t. 5, f. 3, . . - . . . . . . .162 52. Bela rugulata, Moll. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 8, f. 13 a ; p, proboscis ; a, intestine ; r, unciniferous sac, contain- ing the radula ; u, poison gland ; 6, its excretory canal, 151 53. Spirotropis carinata, Phil. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 9, f. 11, 155 54. Pleurotoma babylonia, Linn. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 3, f. 12, 154 55. Bela rugulata, Moll. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 8, f. 13 c, . 156 56. 57. Clathurella Leufroyi, Mich. Ibid., t. 8, f. 2 fe, a, . 159 58. Clionella Buccinoides, Lam. Stinison, Am. Jour. Conch., i, t. U, f. 13, 158 59. Surcula noditera, Lam. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 3, f. 13, 158 60. Bela rugulata, Moll. (= turricula). Sars, Moll. Norv.,t. 23, f. 6, . 219 412 REFERENCE TO PLATES. FIGURE. PACJB 61. Clathurella formosa, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 44, f. 9, 1883, 297 62. Mangilia Companoyi, B.D.D. Moll. Rouss.,t. 15, f. 20, 245 63. Bela Novaja-Semljensis, Leche. Sven. Handl. , xvi, t. 1, f. 15, .215 64. Bela Americana, Packard. Bost. Memoirs, i, t. 7, f. 11, 220 65. Bela Trevellyana, Turton. Forbes and Hanley, t. 112, f. 2, . .221 66. Daphnella nebula, Montg., var. laevigata. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., t. 91, f. 3, 307 67. Lachesis recondita, Brugn. (= vulpecula, Mts.). Brug- none, f. 15, 225 68. Clathurella rude, Phil. (= clathrata, Marcel). Phil., Moll. SiciL, i, t. 11, f. 16, ... . 276 69. Bela impressa, Beck. Leche, Sven. Handl., xvi, t. 1, f. 16, 220 70. Bela Morchi, Leche (= Schantarica). Ibid., t. 1, f. 18, 214 71. Mangilia bicinctula, Nevill (= Boakei). Jour. As. Soc. Beng.,xl, t. l,f. 15 a, 270 72. Bela Jenisensis, Leche (—pyramidalis). Leche, Sven. Handl., xvi, t. l,f. 17, 215 73. Bela exigua, Jeffreys. Zool. Proc., t. 44, f. 10, 1883, . 216 74. Clathurella semiplicata, Bon. (== stria). Phil, Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 26, f. 18, . . 274 PLATE 34. 75. Bela Cunninghami, Smith (== subluta\ Zool. Proc., t. 4, f. 1, 1881, . .222 76. Bela Schantarica, Middendorff. Reise, t. 12, f. 18, . 214 77. Mangilia costata, Forbes and Hanley. Forbes and Hanley, t. 114 a, f. 4, 244 78. Lachesis Japonica, A. Ad. Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 29, 1879, 226 79. Drillia ostrearum, Stearns. Specimen, . . . 197 80. Pleurotoma virginea, Yal. Kiener, Iconog., t. 21, f. 2, 167 81. Bela rufa, Gould (= pyramidalis). Gould, Invert. Mass., 1st ed., f. 192, . .... 215 82. Pleurotoma Philipineri, Tenison-Woods. Specimen, . 167 83. Daphnella subvitrea, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 43, 1879, 314 84. Mangilia stellata, Stearns. Specimen, . . . 246 85. Clathurella concinna, , Scacchi. Cat., f. 18, . . .277 86. Mangilia pyramis, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 147, . . 253 87. Drillia castanea, Reeve. Weinkauff, Kiister, t. 22, f. 4, 177 88. Mangilia unifasciata, Desh. Expl. Moree, t. 19, f. 34, 243 89. Drillia pygmaea, Dunker. Specimen, .... 206 90. Drillia Traillii, Button. Specimen, .... 206 REFERENCE TO PLATES. 413 WGUKB. TAQB. 91. Clathurella Sinclair!, Smith. Specimen, . . .283 92. Zafra pupoidea, Ad. Zool. Proc., t. 3, f. 27, 1872, . 314 93. Drillia minuta, Tenison-Woods. Specimen, . . 210 94. Borsonia crassicostata, Pease. Specimen, . . . 227 95. Daphnella fuscoligata, Dall. Specimen, . . . 301 96. Mangilia striosa, C. B. Ad. Specimen, . . . 249 97. Mangilia ordinaria, Smith. Specimen, . . . 250 98. Clathurella mutica, Hinds. Yoy. Sulphur, t. 7, f. 10, . 286 99. Clathurella incrusta, Tenison-Woods (= Letourneux- iana). Specimen, ....... 286 100. Daphnella atrostyla, Dall (= cerina, Kurtz and Stimp- son, var.). Specimen, 310 1. Drillia thea, Dall. Specimen, 189 2. Drillia leucocyma, Dall (= zebra, var.). Specimen, . 197 3. Surcula olivacea, Sowb. Weinkauff, Conch. Cab., t. 8, f. 2, . . . . . . . . .237 4. Bela Aleutica, Dall. Specimen, ..... 216 5. Bela Alaskensis, Dall. Specimen, .... 216 6. Drillia limonitella, Dall. Specimen, .... 320 7. Pleurotoma Jeddoensis, Jouss. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, 319 8. Drillia Bellardi, Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, 320 9. Drillia Clevei, Jousseaume. Ibid., .... 319 10. Drillia makimonos, Jousseaume. Ibid., . . .319 11. Drillia Pouloensis, Jousseaume. Ibid., . . . 319 12. Mitromorpha Floridana, Dall. Specimen, . . . 317 13. Conus Cailliaudi, Jay. Ann. N. Y.Lyc., iv, t. 10, f. 8, 319 14. 15. Daphnella semisculpta, Nevill. Jour. Asiat. Soc., t. 8, f. 6,7, 1875, 314 l CONID^E. PLATE 2. CONIDJE. PLATE 3. CONID^E. PLATE PLATE 5. t ''£/?/ i/Jr CONID^E. CONIDvE. PLATE 7. 35 21 PLATE 8. // ''UNIVERSITY PLATE 9. 74t 61 75 CONID^E. PLATE 10. PLATE 11. IV-: CONIIX-E. PLATE 12. CONID^E. PLATE 13. CONID^E. PLATE 14. CONID^E. PLATE 15. THE CONIDvE. PLATE 16. Zo CONID^E. PLATE 17. OF THE UNIVERSITY CONID^E. PLATE 18. leu*'*::*/ i pr { w* 76 PLATE 19. UNIVERSITY CONID^E. PLATE 2O. CONID^E. PLATE 21. UNIVERSITY CONIIX3E. PLATE 22. 65 67 OF TUB {[UNIVERSITY. CONID^E. PLATE 23. PLATE 24. CONID^E. PLATE 25. UNIVERSITY CONID^E. PLATE 26. 67 68 CONIDJE. PLATE 27t UNIVERSITY CONID^E. PLATE 28. PLATE 29. CONID^E. PLATE 3O. 100 or THE (UNIVERSITY) CONID^E. PLATE 31. OF THE (UNIVERSITY) FLEUROTOMroJE. 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