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COKBE.CPOXDING MEMBER OF THE CRYPTOGAMIC SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND, AND THE JJIKIUSGHAM NATURAL HIS10K1 AM) MICKOSCOPICAL SOCIETY SECOND ED1120N LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., LT£ 1893 ^ Thf rights of translation and of reproduction are reserved.) PREFACE. THE design of this work is to provide the English student with the means of acquiring a knowledge of the Discomycetes of Britain. The fifth volume of " English Flora," Berkeley's "Outlines," and Cooke's " Handbook," each well served this purpose in its time, and I indulge the hope that the present work may be equally useful. No trouble has been spared in verifying and extend- ing microscopic observations of the morphology, for in no instance where an authentic specimen was accessible has the opportunity of examining it been neglected. The readiness with which the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, my lamented friend the late Mr. C. E. Broome, and Dr. M. C. Cooke have entrusted to me some of their unique specimens, calls for my grateful acknowledgment ; as does the kindness of the Kew and British Museum authorities, in allowing me at all times ready access to their important herbaria When Dr. M. C. Cooke became aware of my intention to undertake this work, he not only generously handed over to me the whole of his valuable manuscript notes, VI PREFACE. collected with a view of publishing a new edition of the " Handbook," but afforded me at all times his valuable advice and assistance. How far these advantages have been utilized must be left to the judgment of the reader. The subject of classification will not fail to awaken some controversy. As every author has his own views, I may be permitted to have mine. To adhere as closely as possible to the long-accepted Friesian system has been the practice of English authors ; but this has been carried a little too far, owing to our " insular prejudices," and the time has come when a new departure must be made. While avoiding the fondness for innovation displayed by our Teutonic, and indeed, though in a less degree, our Gallic, neighbours, I have retained in the form of subgenera some of their more useful groups, foresee many objections that can be urged to the method adopted, but prefer to let it stand on its own merits rather than enter here into a lengthened justification. Many of the diagnoses have been altered or added to without reserve, where it appeared to me necessary, and others have been borrowed from one or other of the authors cited in connection with them. Professor Karsten's " Mycologia Fennica" and M. Boudier's " Memoire sur les Ascoboles " have been of great assist- ance, the former especially in the measurement of sporidia. The habitats are chiefly those of "English Flora," Cooke's " Handbook," Berkeley and Broome's " Notices of British Fungi," with such as have come within my own knowledge. To have added those contained in the PREFACE. vil various local floras would have occupied too much space, besides which many of them are too unreliable. My thanks are due to the following gentlemen for much valuable help : — the Rev. W. A. Leighton, Mr. C. B. Plo wright, the Rev. J. Stevenson, the Rev. Dr. Keith, Professor James, W. H. Trail, and many others, besides those already mentioned. As errors, in spite of all one's care, will creep into a work of this kind, I shall take it as an act of kindness on the part of those who will point them out, with the view of correcting a second edition should it ever be called for. WILLIAM PHILLIPS. CANONBURY, SHREWSBURY, Auyusl, 1887. CONTENTS. ORDER I.— HELVELLACE.E. FRIES. PAGE GENUS I. — MORCHELLA, Dill II. — GYROMITKA III. — HELVELLA, Fries ... I V.— YERPA, Swartz ... ... 19 Y. — LEOTIA, Fries Subgenus. — Cmlvii /«, Fries VI. — MITRULA, Fries VII. — SPATHULARIA, Pers. VIII. — LEPTOGLOSSUM, Cooke IX. — GEOGLOSSOM, Pers. X. — PviiiziXA, Fries ... ••• ••• 40 ORDER II.— PEZIZ.E. SERIES I. — NUD^: ... GENUS I.— PEZIZA, Dill Subgenus 1. — Acetabula, Fries ... 2.— Tarzetta, Cooke 46 3.— Otidea, Pers. ... 51 4. — Cochlearia, Cooke ... 55 5. — Discina, Fries 6.— Galactinia, Cooke ... 69 CONTENTS. Subgenus 7. — Pustularia, Cooke ... 71 8. — Geoscypha, Cooke 75 9. — Humaria, Fries 10.— Pyronema, Fckl. ... 105 GENUS II. — PSILOPEZIA, Berk. ... 110 III. — HYMENOSCYPHA, Fries ... Subgenus 1. — Sclerotinia, Fckl. ... 112 2.— Ciboria, Fckl. ... 118 3. — Trichoscypha, Cooke ... 126 4. — Cyathoidea ... 128 IV. — CHLOROSPLENIUM, Fries ... 146 V. — BELONIDIUM, Mont, and Dur. 148 VI. — HELOTIUM, Fries ... 152 VII. — MOLLISIA, Fries ... 171 Subgenus 1. — Niptera, Fckl. 172 2. — Pyrenopeziza, Fckl. 178 3.— Dilutella, Phil. ... 190 4.— Mollisiella, Phil. ... 193 5. — Hysteropeziza, Kabh. ... 197 6. — Pseudo-peziza, Fckl. ... 198 7. — Peristomealis, Phil. ... 201 SERIES II. — VESTITJS ... 201 VIIL— LACHXEA, Fries ... ... ... 201 Subgenus 1. — Sarcoscypha, Fries 202 2. — Sepultaria, Cooke ... 208 3. — Rhizopodella, Cooke 216 4. — Scutellinia, Cooke ... 217 5.— Neottiella, Cooke... 229 IX. — LACHNELLA, Fries (in part) ... 230 (Section 1. — Stipitate.) Subgenus 1. — Dasyscypha, Fries 231 (Section 2. — Sessile.) Subgenus 2. — Lachnella, Fries ... 255 3. — Fibrina, Fries ... ... 274 X.— TAPESIA, Fries ... ... ... 276 XL — DESMAZIERELLA, Lib. ... 283 XII. — PIROTTJEA, Saccardo ... ... ... 284 CONTEXTS. XI GLIDER III.— ASCOBOLE^E. BOUD. PAGE GENUS I. — BOUDIERA, Cooke ... ... 285 II. — ASCOBOLUS, Pers. 286 III. — SACCOBOLUS, Boud. ... ... 293 IV. — THECOTHEUS, Boud. ... 297 V. — RYPAROBIUS, Boud. . . . ... 298 VI. — ASCOPHANUS, Boud. 303 ORDER IV.— BULGARIE.E. FRIES. GENUS I. — BULGARIA, Fries ... 31-i II. — VIBRISSEA, Fries ... 316 III.— STAMNARIA, Fckl. ... ... 321 IV. — OMBROPHILA, Fries ... ... 322 V. — CALLORIA, Fries ... ... ... ... 326 ORDER V.— DERMATE.E. FRIES. GENUS I. — EXCCELIA, Fries ... ... ... 336 II. — DERMATEA, Fries ... ... ... 339 III. — CENANGIUM, Fries ... ... ... 344 IV. — TYMPANIS, Fries ... ... ... ... 351 V.— CRUMEXULA, De Not. ... ... ... 356 VI. — EPHELIS, Fries ... ... ... ... 358 ORDER VI.— PATELLARIACE.E. FRIES. GENUS I. — PATELLARIA, Fries ... ... ... 359 II. — HETEROSPH.ERIA, Grev. ... ... ... 371 III.— LAQUEARIA, Fries ... ... ... 372 ORDER VIL— STTCTE^. FRIES. GENUS I. — PROPOLIS, Fries ... ... ... ... 373 II. — SCHMITZOMIA, Fries ... ... 378 III. — STICTIS, Pers. ... ... ... 381 CONTENTS. ORDER VIIL— PHACIDIACE^E. FRIES. PAGE GENUS I.— PHACIDIUM, Fries ... ... ... ... 387 II. — TROCHILA, Fries ... ... 396 III. — STEGIA, Fries ... ... ... 39fc> ORDER IX.— GYMNOASCE^E. BARN. GENUS I. — ASCOMYCES, Mont, and Desm. ... ... 399 ADDENDA ... ... ... ... ... ... 406 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 411 AUTHORS QUOTED ... ... ... ... 422 EXSICCATI QUOTED ... ... ... ... 436 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES ... ... ... ... 439 GENERAL INDEX ... 447 ABBREVIATIONS. c.i. = cum icone, with a figure. Lc. = loco citato, in the place quoted. exs. = exsiccati, dried specimens. H = the Greek mu, indicates micrornillimetres, one of which = '001 of an inch. o ! denotes that the plant has been examined by the author, and seen from the localities named. A MANUAL OF THE BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. DISCOMYCETES. Fries. RECEPTACLE cupulate, applanate, mitrate, stipitate, sessile, or immersed ; hymenium superior, more or less exposed ; substance fleshy, waxy, gelatinous, or rarely cartilaginous; asci cylindrical or clavate, containing usually 8 sporidia (rarely 4, 16, 32, or more). Name — From Sioicoe, a disc, and juvjcije, a fungus. Order I.— HELVELLACEI. Fries. Receptacle vertical, stipitate, pileate, mitrate, or clavi- form ; bearing the hymenium on the upper surface, which is always exposed ; substance between fleshy and waxy, rarely gelatinous. Name — From the typical genus, Helvetia. ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA. I. Morchella. Dill. II. Gyromitra. Fries. III, Helvella. Fries. IV. Verpa. Swartz. V. Leotia. Fries. VI. Mitrula. Fries. VII. Spathularia. Pers. VIH. Leptoglossum. Cooke. IX. Gcoglossum. Pt-rs. X. Rhizina. Fries. 2 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 5. KEY TO THE GENERA OF HELVELLACET. Pileus clavate Pileus spathulate Pileus capitate Pileus sessile and applanate Hyrnenium confluent with the stern Hymenium and stem black Hyrneuiuni and stem brightly coloured Pileus covered with deep angular pits Pileus covered with deeply folded, undulating ribs . . Pileus nearly even Pileus deflexed, free, saddle-shaped Pileus deflexed, free, conical Pileus globose or subclavate P Pileus globose, margin revolute Pileus globose or subclavate, margin contiguous with oL-JlUi •• « • • • •• • • • * Spathularia. 3 Jihizina. 2 Geoglossum. Leptoglossnm Morcliella. Gyromitra. 4 Helvella. Verpa. 5 Leotia. Mitrula. GENUS I. — MORCHELLA. Dill. Receptacle stipitate, pileate, clavate, globose, or conical; clothed above by the deeply folded and pitted hymenium ; substance between waxy and fleshy; asci cylindrical; containing (in British species) 8 sporidia. (Plate I. fig. 1.) Large fungi, 2 to 10 inches high, growing on the ground in spring ; firm, not soon decaying, with rather a pleasant odour, and esculent. The deep, angular pits on the hymenium readily distinguish them from their allies. Name — Latinized from the German Morchel. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Pileus adnate at the base B. Pileus free at the base species 1-4 5-6 1. -! 2. 3.'- ' 4. 1 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Pileus adnate at the base . . . . . . . . 1 Pileus partly free . . . . . . . . 4 Stem short . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Stem elongated . . . . . . . . . . 3 Pileus with primary longitudinal ribs and squarish pits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . conica. Pileus without primary longitudinal ribs, pits some- what pentagonal . . . . . . . . . . esculenta. Pileus subconical, brown . . . . . . . . crassipes. Pileus subglobose, tawny . . . . . . . . Smithiana. Stem very large and pruiuose . . . . . , . . gigas. Stem smaller and nearly even - , - * . . . . semilibera. MORCHELLA. A. PILEUS ADXATE AT THE BASE. 1. Morchella esculenta. (Linn.) Pileus round, ovate, or oblong, adnate at the base to the stem ; ribs firm, anastomosing, intervals forming pits ; stem even ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 20 — 22xlO,u; paraphyses filiform, slightly thickened above. (Plate I. fig. 1.) Phallus esculentus — Linn., " Suec.," 12G2 ; Schseff., 1. 199 ; Bolt., t. 91. Morchella esculenta — Pers., I. c. ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 6 ; Tratt., " Essb. Schw.," p. 268, f. EE ; Harzer, t. 50; Favre-GuilL, 47; Vitt., "Mang.," t. xiv. f. 5, xiii. f. 1-3; Lenz, figs. 64, 65; Rabh., "Krypt. Flo.," i. p. 382 ; Hussey,i. t. 13 ; Badham, t. 12, f. 6 ; Fries, "At. Sv.," t. 54; Cooke, "Handbk.," p. 655, c. i.; "Mycogr.," f. 312, 313; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 32; Quelet, "Champ.," pt. L.p. 382; Gill., "Champ.," p. 15, c. i. Exsiccati — Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ed. i. 645, ed. ii. 181; Fckl, "F. Rh," 1243; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 139; Phil., "Elv. Brit," 1; Rav., "Fung. Car.,"' i. 36; Rehm, "Asco.," 501; Thum., " Mycoth. Univ.," 714; Ellis, "N. A. Fungi," 979. Odour faint, taste grateful. Stem rarely hollow, or, except in the young state, stuffed ; one inch long (but very variable) ; soft, white, squamulose on the surface ; not truly striate, sometimes equal, sometimes attenuate ; pileus more or less ovate, obtuse ; ribs frequently anas- tomosing, without transverse ribs ; but as regards form, magnitude, and colour, very variable (Fries, I. c.). On the earth in spring and summer. Name — Escide ntus, esculent. Blair Athol (Dr. Greville) ; Castle Rising, Norfolk ! Terrington, Norfolk (C. B. Plowright). Witchingham, Norfolk (Mr. F. Norgate). Fotheringhay (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Cambridge (Mr. J. Ball). Auclley End (Rev. J. Leefe). Warwick (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Stainton, Cumberland ; Ambrose, Cumberland (Dr. Carlyle). I3EITISH DISCOMYCETES. Var. a. rotunda. Pers. Pers, "Syn. Fung," 619; Mich., t. 85, fig. 1.; Glecl, "Meth," 61, t. 11, f. A (left-hand lower figure); Sow., t. 51 (left-hand figure); Grev., t. 68; Barla, t. 42, f. 1-7; Cooke, "Mycogr," f. 313; Gill, "Champ. Icon." Exs.— Thum, "Fung. Aus." 313. In woods and bushy places, chiefly in a sandy soil, Spring. Esculent. Colour whitish pallid ; when dry straw-coloured, or pale yellow. Name — Rotundus, round ; from the round pileus. Langholm, in Eskdale ; Lugton Wood, near Dalkeith fLightfoot). Banks of the river Almond at Foxhall (Capt. Wauch). North Wootton, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plow- right). Near Chislehurst (Mr. F. Currey). 2. Morchella conica. Pers. Pileus conical, terete, oblong, adnate at the base ; primary ribs longitudinal, obtuse, secondary forming transverse folds ; pits elongated, narrow, plicato-lacunose ; stem subterete, cylindrical, whitish; asci cylindrical; sporidia elliptic, slightly oval, 20 x 12^; paraphyses enlarged upwards. Morchella esculenta, 8 conica — Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. 7. Morchella conica — Pers, " Comest," 257 ; Barla, t. 42, f. 8-10; Favre-Guill, 49; Kromb., t 16, f. 7-10; Sv., "Bot," t. 258; Cooke, "Mycogr," f. 315; Gill, "Champ," p. 17, c. i.; Pat, p. 69, f. 160. Morchella ceracea — Kromb, t. 16, f. 11, 12. Morchella continua- Tratt, "Austr," t. 6, f. 11. Morchella rigida — Kromb, t. 16, f. 13, t. 17, f. 1-2; Quelet, "Champ," pt. i. p. 381. Morchella acuminata — Kickx. ; Gill, "Champ," p. 17, c. i. On the ground. Esculent. Three to four inches high. Name — Conus, a cone ; from the cone-shaped pileus. Woods at Westbury, near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Near Mansfield, Notts. (Mr. F. Currey). Sluie, Scotland (Rev. Dr. Jas. Keith). Forres, Scotland (Dr. M. C. Cooke). MORCHELLA. 5 Var. a deliciosa. Fries. Pileus subcylindrical, acute ; stem short ; paraphyses slender. Morchella deliciosa — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 8 ; Cooke in " Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin," x. pp. 440 ; " Mycogr.," f. 320 : Kromb., t. xvi. f. 17-19 ; Quelet, " Champs.," pt. i. p. 381 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 16, c. i. Fungus cavernosus — Weinm., " Herb.," t. 553, f. 1. Morchella crispa— Kromb., " Schw.," t. 5, f. 25, 26. Vitt., "Mang," t. xiv. f. 6. Exs. — M. costata — Kze. and Schm., No. 193. [n grassy places. Spring. Esculent. Name — From the French delicieuse, on account of its flavour. Kinburn, St. Andrews, 1878 (Rev. M. L. Anderson). 3. Morchella crassipes. Pers. Pileus subconical, brown, adnate at the base ; ribs irregularly undulating, thick ; pits large, variable in form, deep, the bottom celluloso-plicate ; stem large, tall, incrassated at the base, lacunose, glabrous, somewhat flesh- coloured ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, yellowish, 24 X 12/z ; paraphyses barely enlarged upwards. Morchella cra^lpes — Pers. " Syn. Fung.," p. 621; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 9; Cooke, "Handbk. " No. 1939 ; Kromb., "Schw.," t. 16, f. 1; Harzer, t. 78; Barla, t. 42, f. 11; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 319; Gill, "Champ," p. 16. c. i. Phallus crassipes — Ventenant, p. 509, f. 2. On the ground. Spring. Esculent. Attaining a height of 12 inches. O Name — Crassus, thick, pes, a foot ; thick stemmed. Kingskerswell, near Newton Abbot, Devonshire (Miss L. C. Lott). Brockley Combe, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 4. Morchella Smithiana. Cooke. Pileus subgiobose, tawny, adnate at the base ; ribs irregular, undulating, thick ; pits polymorphous, deep, 6 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. plicate at the bottom ; stem large, tall, thickened at the base, hollow, attenuated upwards, sulcate, tomentose, white or flesh-coloured; asci cylindrical ; sporidia elliptic, even, 17--20 X 8 — ll/,t; paraphyses slightly thickened above. In a hedgerow. Spring. Esculent. Morchella Smithiana — Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 318 ; " Grevillea," xii. 98. Morchella crassipes — Smith in Journal of Botany, 1868, t. 73. A fine, handsome species, reaching a height of 12 and a diameter of 7 inches. Name— After Mr. Worthington G. Smith. Kingerswell, Devon (W. G. Smith). Terrington St. Clements (C. B. Plowright). Malton, Yorkshire (Capt. Taylor). B. PILEUS FREE AT THE BASE. 5. Morchella gigas, Pers. Pileus conical, free at the base, which is somewhat undulate ; ribs longitudinal, anastomosing ; pits large, elongated, lacunose within ; stem stout, long, enlarged downwards, sulcate, dirty white, covered with ferruginous squamules. hollow ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 22 — 27 X 12 — 16/z; paraphyses stout, septate, thickened at the summit. Morchella gigas — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 619 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 11 ; Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 328 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1921. Phallus squamosus — Ventenant, p. 511. Phallus gigas — Batsch, "EL," 131. Phaloboletus esculentus — Mich, " Gen," t. 84, f. 1. Verpa speciosa — Vitt, "Mang.," t. 15, f. 6,7. Morchella patula -Tratt, "Essb. Schw," 173, t. FF. Mitrophora gigas -Lev., "Ann. Sc. Nat," 18-46, p. 250; Gill, " Champ.,'3 T) 9 C 1 Exs.— Fckl, " F. Eh.," 2089. On the earth in sandy places. Spring. A large species, attaining a height of 8 inches ; the pileus is smoky brown,, with prominent longitudinal ribs, MOKCHELLA. 7 united by transverse ribs, the intervals forming irregular oblong pits ; the height varies from 2 to 3 inches, the width about 2 J inches ; the stem is hollow, about 1 inch wide at the top, and 2J inches at the bottom, sulcate, coated with rust-coloured squamules. It is said to be esculent. Name — y/yae, a giant ; from the large size. Coed Coch, North Wales (Mrs. Lloyd Wynn). North Wootton ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 6. Morchella semilibera. D. C. Pileus conical, free half-way up ; ribs longitudinal' forming oblong pits, which are veined within ; stem nearly even; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 22 X 14/x ; paraphyses scarcely thickened above. Morchella semilibera— D. C., " Flo. Fr.," ii. 212 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 10; Vitt., "Mang.," t. xiv. figs. 1-4; Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 321 ; Quelet, " Champ.," pt. i. T). 381. Morchella patula— Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1940 ? M. rete — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," i. 205. M. hybrida — Pers., " Syn. Fung," p. 620 ; Grev, t. 89. Phallus rete — Batsch, " El," p. 131. Phalloboletus esculentus — Mich, " Gen," t. 84, f. 2. Helvetia hybrida— Sow., " Fung," t. 238. Phallus patulus—Gled., " Meth," 59. Mitro- phora semilibera — Lev., "Ann. Sc. Nat," 1846, p. 250; Gill, " Champ," p. 19, c. i. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ii. No. 361 ; " Erb. Grit. Ital," i. 270, ii. 239 ; Rabh, " Fung. Eur." 1417 ; Desm, " Crypt. Fr.," i. 424 ; Fckl, " F. Rh," 2088 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 51. On the ground. Spring. Esculent. From 2 J to 5 inches high ; pileus short (about 1 inch), rather acute, lutescent, when dry dirt}7" fulvous ; stem whitish. Name — Semi, half, liber, free ; the pileus being free from the stem half-way up. King's Cliffe, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Foxhall (Capt. Wauch). Near Darlington (Mr. Robson). Badsey (Mr. Rufford). Richmond, Yorkshire (Rev 8 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. J. E. Leefe). Apethorpe, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Orchardleigh, Somersetshire ; Clifton Down, Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Wetherby, Yorkshire (Dr. H. F. Parsons). North Wootton, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Eaton Constantine, Salop ! (Mr. W. E. Beckwith). GENUS II. — GYROMITRA. Fries. Receptacle pileate, stipitate, deflexed, bullato-inflated, clothed above by the hyrnenium ; the ribs of the hyme- nium raised, gyrose, persistent ; substance fleshy ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic or elongate-elliptic, smooth (in British species) ; paraphyses linear. (Plate I. fig. 2.) On the earth. Spring. In the two British species the pileus is somewhat globose, supported by a short stout stem enlarged at the base. They are esculent, and very rare. Name — yvpbz, round, juirpa, a turban; from the shape of the pileus. Sporidia elliptic .. . . .. .. -. .. esculenta. Sporidia subfusiform . . . . . . . . . . 1. Gyromitra esculenta. Fries. Pileus inflated, irregularly undulated, gyroso-rugose, brown ; margin annexed to the even villous stem ; asci * O ' cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblongo-elliptic, biguttulate, 20 X lOjui ; paraphyses thickened and brown above. (Plate I. fig. 2.) Gyromitra esculenta — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 346 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1842 ; "Mycogr." fig. 328 ; Quelet, " Champ.," pt. i. p. 382. Helvetia esculenta- Pers., "Comm.," p. 64; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 16 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," 33 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," 825 ; Badham, "Fung.," ii. t. 12, f. 3-5; Harzer, t. 47; Barla, t. 43, f. 12, 13 ; Lenz, fig. 59, 60. Elvela mitra—Schsdff.t "Icon.," t. 160, 161. Helvetia phalloides — Afz., "Act. Holm.," 1783, p. 303. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," ii. 264; Rabh., "Fung. HELYELLA. 9 Eur," 1416; Fckl, " F. Rh," 2087; Klotzsch, " H. M," 138 ; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 526 ; Phil, "Elv. Brit," 101. On the ground. Spring. Esculent. The form of the sporidia at once distinguishes this from the following species. In this, they are elliptical, and obtuse at the ends ; in that, subfusiform, and almost acute at the ends. The Rev. M. J. Berkeley says, "Gyromitra esculenta, though frequently eaten, is not always safe — a circum- stance which may depend rather on peculiarity of con- stitution than on any intrinsically deleterious property ' (Intellectual Observer, 1866, p. 32). Name — Esculentus, esculent. Wey bridge Heath, on sandy ground, April (Mr. F. Currey). Forres, Scotland ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 2. Gyromitra gigas. (Kromb.) Pileus large, lobed, undulato-plicate, or curled, pallid, whitish, or ochraceous ; lobes sub-adnate to the stem, adpressed, somewhat undulating ; stem thick, cellular, waxy, whitish, externally lacunose, subglabrous ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, fusiform, 32 X 10 — 12ju ; paraphyses slightly enlarged above. Helvella gigas— Kromb, "Schw," iii. 28, t. 20, f. 1-5 ; Currey, " Linn. Trans," xxiv. t. 25, f. 25 ; Cooke, 'Handbk,"' No. 1943; Quelet, "Champ," pt. i. p. 382. Gyromitra gigas — Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 327. On the ground. Esculent. Name — yryac, a giant ; from the large size. Coed Coch, North 1\Vales (Mrs. Lloyd Wynn). Black- heath Park (Mr. Frederick Currey). GENUS III. — HELVELLA. Fries. Receptacle pileate, supported by the centre, deflexed, sub-inflated, sinuous, concave, and barren beneath, clothed above the margin by the hymenium ; hymenium even, persistent ; stem always present, united to the 10 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. centre of the pileus, hollow or filled with a floccose medulla ; the adult pileus mitre-form, compressed, lobate, dry, pruinose beneath ; substance waxy-membranaceous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, smooth ; paraphyses linear. (Plate I. fig. 3.) The species vary in size from 1 to 7 inches in height ; they are persistent, but fragile ; their odour is not offensive. They grow on the ground or on wood, in spring and autumn. Most of them are reputed to be edible. Name — A Latin name used by Cicero to denote some kind of fungus. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. 1. - 2. - 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. A. Stem stout, silicate B. Stem stout, nearly even C. Stem slender, even KEY TO THE SPECIES. Stem stout . . Stem slender Stem sulcate ^ Stem nearly even : Pileus mouse- colour Pileus black, cinereous, or fuliginous Pileus brown ( Pileus pallid-white -I Pileus brown ^ Pileus cinereous . . f Pileus purplish brown | Pileus spadicious (_ Pileus ochraceous ( Pileus black 1 Pileus fuliginous i Pileus brown, stem not tomentose \ Pileus brown, stem tomentose . . J Stem fistulose \ Stem stuffed . . A. STEM STOUT, SULCATE. species 1-4 „ 5-7 8-11 3 4 elastica. 5 6 crispa. subcostatn. 7 infula. monacheU'.i. guepinioides. atra. pulla. Klotzscltiana, ephippium. lacunosn. sulcata. 1. Helvetia crispa. Fries. Pileus deflexed, lobed, free, crisped, pallid ; stem fistulose, costato-lacunose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 X 9ju; paraphyses filiform. HELVELLA. 11 Hdvella crispa — Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 14; Berk, " Outl," t. 21, fig. 4 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1944 ; Grev, t. 143; Vitt., "Mang," t. 31, f. 1 ; Lenz, fig. 57; Badham, t. v. f. 1 ; Barla, t. 43, f. 1-5 ; Price, « Illus," f. 57 ; Cooke, "Mycogr," fig. 159; Quelet, "Champ," pt. i. p. 383; Gill, " Champ," p. 8, c. i. ; Pat, p. 120, f. 270. H. mitra- Purt, " Midi. Flo," iii. t. 16 ; Bull, t. 466, f. A. H. leuco- phcea — Tratt, " Austr," f. 36. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Rh," 1242; Berk, "Brit. Fung," No. 264 ; " Erb. Grit. Ital," i. 464 ; Rabh, " Fung. Eur.," 239; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," i. 555, ed. ii. No. 541. Phil, " Elv. Brit," 102. On the ground. Autumn. Esculent. Solitary, large, 3 to 5 inches high ; at first sight glabrous. Stem snow-white, becoming yellow in drying, stout, ventricose downwards, sulcato-costate, and lacu- nose ; ribs plane fistulose ; the dissected stem composed of many distinct tubes. Pileus deflexed, inflated, lobed ; at first the margin is adnate to the stem, afterwards free, undulate, sinuate-contorted, and crisped. Esculent, savoury (Fries, L c.). Name — Crispus, curled, wrinkled ; from the wrinkled pileus. King's Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Kew Gardens (Sir Joseph Hooker). Beggar's Bush Lane and Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Hampstead, Din- more, Herefordshire, Epping Forest, and Lyndhurst (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Blackford Bridge, Woodside, and around Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). About Shrewsbury and Hereford ! 3. Helvella lacunosa. Afz. Pileus inflated, lobed, cinereous-black ; lobes deflexed, adnate ; stem fistulose, costate-lacunose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 X 10/i ; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged above. (Plate I. fig. 3.) Helvella lacunosa — Afz. in "Act. Holm./' 1783, p. 304 ; Klotzsch, " Flo. Bor," t. 383 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 15; Holms, "Ok," p. 45, t. 24; Cooke, "Handbk," 12 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. No. 1945; "Mycogr.," fig. 160; Weberb., t. 5, f. 2 ; Leii2 fig. 58; Barla, t. 43, f. 6-11; Quelet, "Champ.," pt. i pi" 383; Gill., "Champ.," p. 10, c. i.; Pat., p. 120, f. 271 H. m^ra--Bull, t. 190, t. 466, f. B; Grev., t. 36. H nigra—Berg., " Phyt." t. 147. Elvella mitra— "Flo. Dan.," t. 116. E. nigricans—Sch&ff., "Icon.," t. 154. Exs.— "Erb. Grit. ItaL," i. 465; Welw, "Crypt. Lusit," 56 ; Berk, " Brit. Fung.," No. 265 ; FckL, " F. Rh.," No. 1241 ; Rabh, "Fung. Eur.," 1810. On the ground in woods, especially on burnt soil. Spring and autumn. Esculent. Differs from the preceding, for a variety of which ii may easily be taken, by the more regular pileus, 2 to 4 lobed, scarcely laciniate, lobes later becoming free, and especially by the colour. The stature generally smaller, afterwards becomes equally as tall as Helvetia mitra, g. pratensis A. and S. Although, therefore, acute characters are wanting in nature, it is constant ; it is also inferior in cooking (Fries, I. c.). Name — Lacunosus, full of holes; from the pitted pileus. Edgbaston (Withering). Edinburgh (Dr. Greville). Near Hereford ! General Cemetery, Shrewsbury ! King's Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bungay (D. Stock). North of Ireland (Temple ton). Around Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Hitchin (Prof. Henslow). Reading and Epping Forest, where it is plentiful and very fine (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Castle Rising and Sandringham, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 3. Helvetia sulcata. Afz. Pileus deflexed, lobed, adnate ; stem stuffed, furrowed with equal ribs ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia elliptic, uni- guttulate, 20 X 10 — 12^u; paraphyses linear, septate, thickened and brown above. Helvetia sulcata — Afz. in "Yet. Ac. Hanclbk," 1783, p. 304; B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 764, 1152; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1946; "Mycogr," fig. 161 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. 15; Quelet, "Champ," pt. i. p. 383; HELYELLA. 1 3 Gill, « Champ./' p. 10, c. i. ; Pat., p. 121, f. 272. H. mona- chella—Thuw., " Fung. Aus.," No. 11. Exs. — Thuin., "Fung. Aus.," No. 11 ; Roumg., u Fung. Gal./' 1209. On the ground in woods. Autumn. Esculent ? Solitary, rarely gregarious, totally glabrous, certainly distinct from the preceding. Stem stuffed, 2 inches long, 4 to 5 lines thick, terete, attenuated upwards, ploughed by deep longitudinal furrows; ribs slender, solid, not lacunoso- fistulose, as in the preceding; pileus deflexed, equally 2 to 3 lobed, compressed, even, when dry darker, sides of the interior adnate to the stem (Fries, I. c.). Name — Sulcatus, made in furrows ; from the furrowed pileus. Andover (B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 764). Glamis, Scotland (Rev. J. Stevenson). Bowwood (Mr. (J. E. Broome). Near Hereford ! New Pitsligo, Scotland (Rev. J. Fergusson). Kew Gardens (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 4. Helvella subcostata. Cooke. Pileus deflexed, free, sublobate, even, the under side paler, ribbed, and veined ; stem equal, longitudinally ribbed; asci cylindrical; sporidia elliptic, obtuse, uniguttu- late,18 — 20 x 10/.t; paraphyses thickened and brown above. Helvella costata — Afz. in " Herb. Berk." (non Schweinitz). Pileus 23> inches broad ; stem 2^ inches long. The under side of the pileus has branching ribs, and is quite free from the stem. Name — Sub, somewhat, costatus, ribbed ; from the somewhat ribbed pileus. Glamis, Hunter's Hill (Rev. J. Stevenson). Andover (1856, " Herb. Berk."). B. STEM STOUT, NEARLY EVEN. 5. Helvella infula. SchrefF. Pileus lobate, deflexed, even ; margin adhering very closely to the stem, at length undulate, subcinnamo- 14 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. meous ; stem enlarged upwards, stuffed, then hollow, smooth, often here and there irregularly lacunose, pallid, slightly villous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 23 — 25 X 12//; paraphyses clavate at the apices, brown. Helvetia infula—Sch^ff., t. 159; Pers., "Syn. Fung.," f. 617; A. and S., p. 300; Karst, "Myco. Fenn.," p. 34; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 17 (part) ; Baiia, t. 43, f. 14-16 ; Lenz, f. 61 ; Quelet, " Champ.," pt. i. p. 383 ; " Scott. Nat," vi. 122. Exs.— Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 445 ; " Erb. Grit. ItaL," i. 330; Roumg, "Fung. Gal.," 1208. Phil., "Elv. Brit.," 151. On the ground in woods. Autumn. The Brandon specimens were very variable in form and size : pileus sometimes nearly globose, bullate, and wrinkled, at others expanded, and unequally lobed at the margin ; the stem attenuated upwards or in the centre ; varying in height from 3 to 7 inches ; the para- physes branched, septate, pyriform at the apices ; sporidia furnished with two large guttulse, 18 — 22 X 8//. Probably esculent. Name — Infula, fillet ; from the shape of the pileus. Rothimurchus, Scotland, and Brandon, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 6. Helvella monachella. Fries. Pileus deflexed, lobate, adnate, even, subspadiceous ; stem hollow, even, glabrous, white ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 X lO^u; paraphyses clavate, and brown apices. Helvella monachella — Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 18; Kromb.,t. xix. f. 22-26; Lenz, fig. 62; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 335 ; Quelet, " Champ," pt. i. p. 383 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 10, c. i. M. monacella — " Port. Hist," x. c. 70. Fungoides — Mich, " Gen," t. 86, f. 8. Boletus albus- Batt, t. 2, f. H. Phallus monachella — Scop, p. 476. j3. Helvella spadicea — Schseff., t. 283 ; Pers, " Comm," p. 113. H. grandis—Cum., "Act, Tur," t. 2. Exs.— Thum., " Fung. Aus," No. 11. HELVELLA. 15 On sandy ground in mountain woods. Spring and autumn. Esculent (?). Nearest to the preceding, but well distinguished by the adduced forms and vernal growth. Stem 1 to 2 inches long, attenuated upwards, scarcely \ an inch thick ; at first round, then subcompressed, marked towards the base by a lacuna. Pileus at length crisped and undulate ; variable in colour — brown spadiceous, violaceous, nigresceous, etc. (Fries, I. c.). Name — Monackus, a monk ; diminutive. Old Roar Wood, St. Leonard's (Mr. F. Currey, in " Kew Herb."). 7. Helvetia guepinioides. Berk, and Oooke. Pileus entire, deflexed, free, ochraceous; stem elon- gatjd, equal, even, hollow, whitish ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 20 X ll^u ; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Helvetia guepinioides. Berk, and Cooke in " Herb Berk." ; " Mycogr.," fig. 337; Gill., " Champ," p. 12, c. i. On the ground. Edible (?). " A very singular species, resembling a Guepinia ; hence the name " (Cooke). Name — Guepinia, a genus of fungi, a£oc, likeness ; Guepinia-like. C. STEM SLENDER, EVEN. («) Externally pruinose, furfuraceous, or glabrous. 8. Helvetia elastica. Bull. Pileus free, even, inflated, at length acutely lobed; stem elongated, slender, attenuated upwards, pruinose ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 20 X 10 — Hju; para- physes filiform, slightly enlarged above. Helvetia elastica— Bull, "Champ," p. 289, t. 242; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 21 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1947; " Mycogr," fig. 163 ; Kromb, t. 21, f. 21 ; Karst, "Myco. Fenn," p. 35; Fckl, " Symb. Myco," p. 333; Quelet, 16 BEITISH DISCOMYCETES. " Champ," pt. i. p. 384 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 13, c. i. ; Pat, p. 40, f. 100. H. Icevis— Berg, " Phyt," t. 149. a. albida. H, albida— Pers. " Syn. Fung," p. 616; " Obs. Myco," i. p. 71; Schum, " Saell.," ii. p. 411. b. pallide fuliginea. H. fuliginosa — Dicks, " Crypt," ii. p. 25 ; Sow, t. 154 ; With, " Arr," iv. p. 341 ; Schseff, t. 220. c. fusca- Bull, I c. Exs.— " Erb. Crit. Ital," 233 ; Desm, " Crypt, Fr," i. 425 ; Berk, " Brit. Fung," 266 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," i. 233; Fckl, "F. Rh," 137. Slender, 3 to 4 inches high, elastic, pellucid. Stem when young stuffed, becoming fistulose, base incrassated, often irregularly lacunose. Pileus hardly an inch broad, 2 to 3 lobed, frequently orbicular (Fries, I. c.). Much resembling in some of its forms Peziza macropus. On the ground in moist places in shady woods. Summer and autumn. Name — From the French elastique. Near Halifax (Bolton). Birdbrooke, Essex (Mr. T. Walford). Madingley (Relham). Hirsel Woods, Berwick- shire (Miss Bell). Ragley Woods, near Pophills, Alcester (Purton). Bungay (D. Stock). Milton, Northampton- shire ; Reading ; Coed Coch, North Wales ; Linlithgow (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Moncreiffe, Scotland (Rev. J. Stevenson). Rackheath and Colney, Norfolk (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Epping Forest (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Blackford Bridge, Cumberland (Dr. Carlyle). Woods near Hereford ! Wrekin, Salop ! Sufton Court ! Forrest Walk, Dolgelly ! Bomere, near Shrewsbury ! 9. Helvetia atra. Konig. Fuliginous-black ; pileus deflexed, adpressed on both sides, free, even beneath ; stem stuffed, furfuraceo-villous; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 17 X Sju ; paraphyses slightly thickened at the apices. Helvella atra— Konig., "Zoega. Flo. Isl," 20; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. 19; Holms, " Ot," ii. t. 25; Kromb., HELVELLA. 17 "Schw.," t. 21, f. 18-20; Cooke, "Mycogr.," f. 167; " Grevillea," vi. p. 127 ; Quelet, " Champ./' pt. i. p. 38-4 ; Gill., " Champ./' p. 11, c. i. Helvetia nigrescens — Pers., "Syn. Fung./' p. 617; " Obs. Myco./' i. 71. Elveta atra —"Flo. Dan.," t. 534, f. 1. Exs.— Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 236 ; Fckl, « F. Rh," 123S. In moist woods. Summer and autumn. Solitary, small, similar to H. infula. Stem 1 to 2 inches long, 1 to 2 lines thick, somewhat terete, even or irregularly lacunose, black, olivaceo-cinereous at the base. Pileus deflexed even from the first, not pezizoide (as in H. Pezizoides}, compressed, margin forming two lobes, even, becoming slightly repand underneath, and when dry approaching an ashy grey (Fries, I. c.). Name — Ater, black ; from the black pileus. Aviemor, Loch Killein, and Loch Laggan, Scotland (Dr. B. White). 10. Helvetia pulla. Holms. Pileus deflexed, free, lobed, undulated, fuliginous, underneath and also the middle of the stem nearly naked ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 16 — 18 X 13^; paraphyses thickened above. Helvetia pulla — Holms., t. 26 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco./' ii. 20; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 338. H. cinerea—Vill "Delph.," p. 1045. Fungoides pullum — Mich., "Gen.," t. 86, f. 9. On moist ground in woods ; sometimes on old rotting trunks of trees. Summer and autumn. Esculent (?). Medium size. Stem 2 inches long or a little more, terete, somewhat undulated, stuffed, but at length as usual fistulose, fuliginous, base often irregularly lacunose. Pileus 1 to 1J inches broad, lobes deflexed, kidney- shaped, broadly emarginate, when young even, com- pressed ; at length inflated and more undulated than most of the Pezizoidece (Fries, I. c.). Name — Pullus, blackish ; from the blackish pileus. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). c 18 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 11. Helvella Klotzschiana. Corda. Pileus nearly two-lobed, deflexed, membranaceous, even, opaque, brown, margin repand, even beneath, and yellowish ; stem slender, subcylindrical, pale yellow, clear white within ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, uniguttulate, 12 — 14 X 6/*; paraphyses clavate, with brown apices. Helvella Klotzschiana — Corda in Sturm., "Flo.," iii. t. 57; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 168; "Grevillea," x. p. 51. Helvella elastica — Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," No. 130. Exs.— "Erb. Grit. Ital.," i. 137; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 130. Easily known by the yellow stem and under side of the pileus. Name — After J. H. Klotesch. In the Fernery, Coed Coch, North Wales (Mrs Lloyd Wynn). (6) Externally villose. 12. Helvella ephippium. Lev. Pileus deflexed, two to three lobed, free, cinereous villose beneath ; stem cylindrical, even, villose, stuffed ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 X 10/x; paraphyses thickened and filled with brown granules in the upper part. Helvella ephippium — Lev., "Ann. Sc. Nat./' 1841, p. 240, t. 16, i. 7; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 552; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1948; "Mycogr.," fig. 169; Gill., "Champ.," p. 13, c. i. ; Pat., p. 168, f. 370. Exs.— Winter, "Fungi Eur.," 1907. - Gregarious; smaller than most of the species, rarely exceeding 1 inch high ; somewhat resembling H. elastica in a young state, but more velvety on the stem and under side of the pileus. On the ground in woods. Summer and autumn. Esculent (?). " VEKPA. 19 Name — ty'nrTrioz, belonging to a horse; from the saddle-shaped pileus. King's Cliffe and Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Sufton Court, Here- fordshire ! Thuxton, Herefordshire ! Wrekin, Salop ! Coed Coch, North Wales. GENUS IV. — VERPA. Swartz. Receptacle clavato-pileate, supported in the centre, equally deflexed all round, conical, concave beneath, free, entirely clothed above with the hymenium ; hyme- nium even or wrinkled, not ribbed, persistent ; substance fleshy — membranaceous ; stem always present, hollow, nearly distinct from the pileus; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic ; paraphyses filiform. (Plate I. fig. 4.) The pileus in this genus is conical, neither inflated nor lobate, nearly even, with the margin pressed to the stem, but free (Cooke, "Mycogr.," p. 215). Name — Verpa, a Latin word synonymous with Three species . . .. .. .. .. 1-3 KEY TO THE SPECTES. Pileus obtuse at the summit . . . . . . . . digitaliformis. Pileus subacute at the summit . . . . . . 1 , ("Stem yellow, equal . . . . . . conica. ' \Stem rufus, ventricose . . . . . . . . . . rufipes. 1. Verpa digitaliformis. Pers. Pileus campanulate, finger-shaped, rugulose, umber; stem equal, transversely squamulose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 23 — 25X20//; paraphyses septate, clavate above, brown, granular within. Verpa digitaliformis — Pers., " Myco. Eur./' 202, t. 7, f. 1.-3; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. 24; Cooke, "Handbk." No. 1949; "Mycogr," fig. 364; Berk, " Outl.," t. 21, f . 6 ; Corda in Sturm, " Flo." t. 7, f. 6 ; Payer, fig. 380 ; Vitt, Mang," 1. 15, f. 1-3 ; Barla, t. 44, f. 1-G ; Quelet, " Champ," pt. i. p. 380; Gill, "Champ.," p. 20, c. i. 20 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. Exs.— Klotzsch, "Myco. Eur.," 1629; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," ]113; " Erb. Grit. Ital," ii. 340. On hedge-banks. Spring. Pileus at first nearly even, olivaceous-umber, dark at the apex. Stem obese, furnished at the base with a few subrufous radicles, white, with a slight rufous tinge marked with transverse rufous spots ; smooth to the naked eye, but under a lens clothed with fine adpressed flocci, the rupture of which gives rise to the spots, which are, in fact, minute scales. In the mature plant the pileus is f of an inch high, campanulate, digitaliform, or subglobose, more or less closely pressed to the stem, but always free, the edge sometimes inflexed so as to form a white border, wrinkled, but not reticulated, under side slightly pubescent ; sporidia yellowish, elliptic ; stem 3 inches high, J an inch or more thick, slightly attenuated downwards, loosely stuffed, by no means hollow (" Eng. Flo.")- Name — Digit-ale, a finger-stall, and forma, form; from the shape of the pileus. 2. Verpa rufipes (nov. sp.). Phil. Pileus conical, rugulose, sublobate, umber, whitish and tomentose beneath ; stem ventricose, rufus, squamulose, stuffed ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, faintly coloured, 22 X 13/z; paraphyses filiform, sub-equal, sep- tate. (Plate I. fig. 4.) Ver-pa digitaliformis — Phil, in " Elv. Brit./' exs. No. 52. On hedge-banks. Spring. The pileus is thin, wrinkled, dark umber, and stands well away from the stem ; it is nearly white on the under side. The stem is much slenderer at the top than below, and is tinged within, at the base, with the rufus colour of the outside. Height about 1 J inches ; broadest part of stem | of an inch ; pileus f of an inch high. This is intermediate between conica and digitaliformis. Name — Rufus, reddish, pes, a foot ; from the colour of the stem. LEOTIA. 21 Terrington St. Clement's, and North Wootton ! (Mr C. B. Plowright). 3. Verpa conica. Swartz. Pileus campanulate, nearly even, brown, margin sub- sinuate, yellow beneath, as well as the equal stem ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic. Verpa conica — Swartz, " Vet. Ac. Hand!.," p. 136 ; Pers., " Myco. Bur.," p. 204 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 24 ; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 185; Berk., " OutL," p. 359; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1950; Gill., "Champ.," p. 21. Phallus conicus—" Flo. Dan./' t. 654; Timm, " Megap.," p. 263. Leotia conica — Pers., " Syn. Fung./' p. 613. Helvella Relhani — Sow., t. 11. On the earth on heaths. Stem 1 to 2 inches long, even, round, fistulose, slenderer than in V. digitaliformis. Pileus slightly fleshy, cam- panulate (Fries). I have seen no specimen of this, but the characters are so marked that it must be retained. Name — Conus, a cone ; from the shape of the pileus. Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgeshire (Relhan). Doubtfully recorded. Verpa speciosa--Vitt., " Mang.," p. 120, t. xv. figs. 5-8; " Grevillea," x. p. 51. Berkeley and Broome record this doubtfully from Coed Coch, in "Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.," No. 1922, as follows : — " Agreeing in size and colour with Vittadini's figure ; but the sporidia are not oblong, so that there is some doubt about the species." GENUS V. — LEOTIA. Hill. Receptacle pileate, supported in the centre, orbicular, spreading, revolute at the margin, clothed above and at the margin with the hymenium ; hymenium confluent, undulated or even, persistent ; asci fixed, clavate-cylin- 22 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. drical ; sporidia 8, oblong, oblong-fusiform or filiform ; paraphyses slender. (Plate II. fig. 5.) Stem always present, distinct, wholly diffused into the receptacle. Pileus somewhat irregular, always free from the stem, convex, gradually depressed, tumid, viscous when bearing fruit, soft, margin repand. Sub- stance fleshy, soft, somewhat tremellose. Gregarious, terrestrial, medium sized, occurring in summer and autumn ; without odour, and insipid ; not edible (vide Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 25). Name — Supposed to be from Xaori]?, smoothness. AKEANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Eu-Leotia . . . . . . . . species 1-2 B. Cudonia ...... . . „ 3-4 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Sporidia filiform . . Sporidia fusiform , ("Not exceeding 1 inch in height, stem filiform ' \0ne to two inches in height, stem stout n (Pileus yellowish green . . ' \Pileus dark seruginous green . . . . • circinans. 1 acicularis. 2 lubrica. cldorocepliala. A. EU-LEOTIA. 1. Leotia lubrica. Pers. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, tremellose ; pileus tumid, repand, yellow-olivaceous-green; stem at length hollow, nearly equal, yellow ; asci nearly cylindrical ; sporidia 8, narrowly elliptic, 25 X 8/^; paraphyses fili- form. Leotia lubrica — Pers., "Syn. Fung.," p. 613; Pers., " Myco. Eur," t. ix. ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 29 ; Berk., " Outl," t. 22, f. 1 ; Grev., " Sc. Crypt. Flo.," t. 56 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 1964, fig. 327 ; " Mycogr.," fig, 171 ; Karst, " Myco. Fenn.," 26 ; FckL, " Symb. Myco.," p. 284 ; Sacc, "Myco. Yen. Sp." p. 162; Kickx., "Flo. Flan.," i. p. 500 : Crouan, " Flo. Fin.," p. 59 ; Quelet, " Champ./' pt. i. p. 379. LEOTIA. 23 Leotia gelatinosa — Hill., " Hist," 43. Elvela lubrica —Scop., " Cam./' ii. 477. Helvetia lutea— Berg., " Phyt," i. t. 151. H. gelatinosa,— Butt., "Champ.," p. 296, t. 470, f. 2; Sow., "Fung.," t. 70. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 461; Schm. and Kzs, 224 ; " Erb. Grit. Ital.," i. 45 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," i. 231 ; Moug. and Nest., 583 ; Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," 714 ; Rabh., " Herb. Myco.," 29 ; FckL, "F. Eh.," li38 ; Eav., vi. No. 77 ; Berk, " Brit. Fung," 255 ; Eehm., " Asco." 101 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2405 and 2509 ; Roumg., " Fung. Gal," 712 ; Phil, "Elv. Brit," 130. On the ground in woods. Summer and autumn. Not edible. Stem from 1 to 2 inches long, granular with minute squamules ; at first pulpy within, then hollow. Name — Lubricus, slimy. Cambridgeshire (Eelham). Balmuto, Scotland (Miss Boswell). Appin (Capt. Carmichael). Foxhall (Capt. Wauch). Anglesea (Rev. Hugh Davies). King's Cliife, Penzance, Bungay, Aberystwith, Wicklow, Grundale (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Little Malvern (Mr. Edwin Lees). North of Ireland (Templeton). Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Shere (Dr. Capron). North Wootton, Castle Rising (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Epping Forest (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Wrekin, Salop ! woods near Hereford ! 2. Leotia chlorocephala. Schw. Crespitose ; pileus globose, very glabrous, nearly pellucid, seruginous green ; stem very long, twisted, powdered ; asci clavato-cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusi- form, curved, 3-guttulate, 20 — 22 X op ; paraphyses fili- form. Schw, "Syn.," p. 33; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 30; Berk, and Curt, "Grevillea," iii. p. 149; Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 174; B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1985; " Grevillea," xi. p. 15. Variable in size, reaching 4 inches in height ; the 24 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. pileus and stem dark seruginous green. The Rev. M. J. Berkeley says the tint of green is so dark that it is nearly black. On the ground. Not edible. Name — xXwpog, green, Kf^oXr), a head. Hampshire (Miss Broadwood). Form Stevensoni. Berk. Short, densely csespitose ; pileus and stem green. B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1827. Steven., " Myco. Scot," p. 297. On damp ground in woods. Name — After the Rev. John Stevenson. Glamis, Hunter's Hill (Rev. J. Stevenson). B. CUDONIA. Fries. 3. Leotia circinans. Pers. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, or arranged in circles; pileus fleshy, convex, afterwards undulate; margin involute, nerves underneath running down into the stem ; stem fistulose, somewhat powdery; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, linear, cylindrical, or clavate, straight or curved, multi-guttulate, 50 — 60 X 3/x ; paraphyses filiform, curved at the apices. (Plate II. fig. 5.) Leotia circinans — Pers., " Comm.," p. 31 ; " Icon, et Descr.," p. 16, t. 5. figs. 5-7 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco,"ii. p. 27 ; Steven., "Myco. Scot.," p. 297; Cooke, "Mycogr.," f. 172. Cudonia circinans — FckL, " Symb. Myco.," 332 ; Karst.. "Myco. Fenn.," p. 25, Leotia gracilis — Pers, "Myco. Eur," i. 198. Helot circinans — Swartz, " Vet. Ac. Hand!.," 1812, p. 15. Hdvella revoluta—W&hl., " Tips.," p. 464 Leotia lutea — Peck (sub. Vibrissea) in " Reports New York Museum"; Cooke in "Bullet. Buff. S. N. Sc," 1875. Cudonia circinans — Quelet, " Champ," pt. ii. p. 380, Exs.— Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 153; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," 38, 312; Fckl, " F. Rh," No. 1139. LEOTIA. 25 On the ground in fir woods. Autumn. Not edible. Named from its habit of growing in circles. The pileus is of a soft fleshy consistence, somewhat rotund, at times much undulated, variable in colour with age and dryness, pallid-yellow, sometimes with a fleshy tinge; stem 1 to 2 inches high, J of an inch thick, crooked, often sulcate, solid or fistulose, expanding up- wards into the pileus. Name — Circino, to make round; from growing in rings. Forres, Scotland ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Aviemore, Scot- land ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Claims, Crane's Hill, Scot- land ! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Menmuir, Scotland (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 4. Leotia acicularis. Pers. Gregarious or scattered, small, milk-white ; pileus waxy, fragile, undulate-convex, margin straight, under side granulose ; stem simple or branched, becoming crooked, discoloured ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, biguttulate, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 25 — 28 X 4/* ; paraphyses filiform. Leotia acicularis — Pers., " Obs.," ii. p. 20, t. 5, fig. 1 ; t. 6, figs. 1, 2. Fungus minimus — Ray., "Syn.," p. 12 ; " Hist.," iii. p. 24. Helvetia acicularis — Bull., " Champ.,'' p. 296, t. 473, f. 1, Helvella agariciformis — Bolt., " Fung.," t. 98, f. 1 ; Sow., " Fung.," t. 57. Helotium aciculare- Pers., " Syn. Fung.," 677 ; " Myco. Eur," 343 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 156; A. and S., 349. Peziza adcularis- "Eng. Flo," v. p. 208, Berk, « Outl," 371, Cooke, 'Handbk." No. 2129; Steven., "Myco. Scot," p. 328. Cudonia Queletii — Fries, " Icon. Select.," fas. vi. ; Quelet, " Champ," pt, i. p. 380 , Gill, " Champ," p. 23; c. i. Leotia Queletii— Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 369. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," No. 400 ; Roume., " Fung. Gal," 1210. On decayed stumps of trees, near the ground. Autumn. Varying from J an inch to 1 inch or more high, 26 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. white, pallid, or rufescent ; the pileus at first plane, with a slight depression in the centre, then convex, the margin sometimes undulating, but generally straight ; the stem slender, bent, occasionally branched. Name — Acicula, a small pin ; from its form. Near Halifax (Bolton). Pophills (Mrs. Rufford). Appin (Capt. Carmichael). Homstock Wood, King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Attingham Park, Salop ! Almond Park, Salop ! Ercall Hill, Salop ! Doubtful Species. Leotia ndna — With, (dwarf Leotia). Small; pileus lobed, rugose, white, even beneath, and brown; stem stuffed, cylindrical, white. Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 28 ; With., iv. p. 296. Amongst moss, on a shady bank. Pendarvis, Cornwall (Mr. Stackhouse). " Pileus snowy-white, leathery, hard, crumpled and deflected in various forms, smooth and brown under- neath, about j\j of an inch over ; stern white, solid, smooth, not at all wrinkled, J of an inch high, thick as a crow-quill " (With., I. c.). This was included in Berkeley's " Outlines," but ex- cluded from Cooke's " Handbook." It is placed here on the chance of some plant being discovered answering to the description. GENUS VI. — MITRULA. Fries. Receptacle globose or oval, even, immarginate, concrete with the stem ; substance fleshy ; asci cylindrical, or somewhat clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, hyaline. (Plate II. % 6.) Small slender plants, of which there are but six species (now that Dr. Cooke has created the genus Leploglossum), four of which are British, and are dis- tinguished from Leotia by having no decided margin to the receptacle, from Leptoglossum by the broader and shorter capitulum, and from Spathularia by the capitu- lum not being compressed. MITRULA. 27 On decaying vegetable matter on the ground in damp places. Spring and autumn. Whether edible or not is unknown. Name — Diminutive of fiirpa, a little mitre. Three species . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Totally white . . . . . . . . . . . alba. Stem paler than the pileus . . . . . . . . paludosa. Stem as dark or darker than the pileus . . . . cucullata. 1. Mitrula cucullata (Batsch). Fries. Head ovate or conical, even, nearly ferruginous ; stem filiform, flexuous, brown, approaching black, glabrous, or tomentose downwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform, bi- or tri-guttulate, 12 X 3^ ; para- physes filiform. Elvella cucullata — Batsch., "EL," f. 152. Mitrula cucullata — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.;' 347 ; Berk., "OutL," 360; Gooke, "Handbk." 1951; Karst, "Myco. Fenn./' p. 28; Fckl., " Symb. Myco," p. 332; Cooke, "Mycogr," fig. 170; Quelet, ;< Champ," pt. 1, p. 378; Gill, " Champ," p. 27, c. i. Mitrula (Heyderia) abietis- Fries, "Sys. Myco," i. p. 493. M. Heyderi—Pers., "Disp," 56, t. 3, f. 12; "Flo. Dan," t. 1670, f. 2. M. Pusilla — Fries, " Sys. Myco," i. p. 493. Leotia mitrula — Pers, "Syn. Fung," 611 ; " Myco. Eur," i. p. 199; A. and S, 295; Grev, "Flo. E lin," p. 416; "Sc. Crypt. Flo," t. 81. L. putiHa—Nees, " Sys," p. 173, t, 17, f. 160. Geoglossum cucullatum — Fries, " Elench," i. 233 ; " Eng. Flo," v. 179. Clavaria fcrruc/inea — Sow., t. 84. Exs.— Desm, "Crypt. Fr," i. 1155; " Erb. Grit. Ital," i. 466 ; Rabh, " Fung. Eur," 37, 669 ; Kze. and Schm, 98 : Fckl, "F. Eh," 1237; Wartm. and Sch, 431; Cooke', " Fung. Brit," 233 ; Berk, " Brit. Fung," 254 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," No. 53; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 447; Roumg, "Fung. Gal," 713. On decaying pine-leaves. Autumn. A small plant, not more than 2 inches high, very slender, gregarious. The head varies in form, being ovate, 28 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. globose, subclavate, or conical, of a yellowish red or pale cinnamon colour, and fleshy texture ; the stem is rather firm, darker in colour than the head, even, solid, and flexuous. Name — Cucullus, a hood; from the shape of the pileus. Balmuto, Scotland (Miss Boswell). Near Norwich (Sowerby). Bungay (D. Stock). Wiltshire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Joydens Wood (Mr. F. Currey). Linlithgow ; Hunslow, Middlesex (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Wrekin, Salop! Penicuick, near Edinburgh ! 2. Mitrula paludosa. Fries. Head ovate, obtuse, inflated, even, yellow or orange yellow ; stem rather slender, straight or flexous, hollow, paler than the head ; asci subcylindrical ; sporidia 8, nearly fusiform, 12 — 14 X 3'5^u ; paraphyses filiform. (Plate II. fig. 6.) Mitrula paludosa — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," i. 491 ; " Summa Veg. Scan.," 346 ; " Ena. Bot," v. p. 180 ; Berk, "Outl." p. 360; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1952; Huss., "Myco.," i. t. 9; Karat., "Myco. Fenn," p. 28; Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," 332 ; Kickx, " Flo. Flan," i. 501 ; Crouan, "Flo. Fin," 58; Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 175; Quelet, " Champ," pt. i. p. 378 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 27, c. i. ; Pat, p. 39, f. 97 (spor. bad). Clavaria phalloides — Bull, " Champ," t. 465, f. 3. C. epiphylla — Dicks, " Crypt," t. 3, f. 10. Leotia Ludwigii — Pers, " Syn. Fung," t. 3, f. 13. L. Dicksonii, L. Bulliardi, L. laricina — Pers, "Syn. Fung," 612. L. uliginosa — Grev., "Sc. Crypt. Flo.," t. 312; Pers, "Myco. Eur," i. 200. Exs.— Klotzsch, " H. M," 238 ; Desm, " Crypt. Fr," i. 606; Rabh, "Herb. Myco," 132; Fck], "F. Rh," 1236; Berk, " Brit. Fung.," 278; Phil, "Elv. Brit," 2; Karat., "Fung. Fenn," 24; Winter, "Fungi Eur," 2844; Rehm, " Asco," 601 ; Ellis, "N. A. Fungi," 433. On decaying leaves in wet places. Spring to autumn. Qualities unknown. MITRULA. 29 Gregarious, csespitose, or solitary, soft, glabrous hollow, rather brittle, 1 to 3 inches in height ; head very variable in form, globose, ovate, or broadly clavate ; summit generally obtuse, bright orange }'ellow, filled when young with silky filaments, which disappear with age, leaving it hollow; stem white, varying from a yellowish to a pinkish tinge, enlarged upwards, even, and crooked. Name — Palus, a marsh ; found in marshes. Kames Castle, Isle of Bute (Dr. Greville). Pitlochrie (Dr. Thomson). Penzance (Mr. Ralfs). Aboyne, New Pitsligo (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bournemouth ; St. George's Hill, Weybridge (Mr. F. Currey). Keston Common ; Horsham ; Penicuick (Dr. M. C. Cooke). North of Ireland (Templeton). Baldovan Woods (Gardener). North Wootton, Norfolk (Dr. John Lowe). Trefrew, North Wales ! Capel Curig, North Wales ! Llyn Ogvvin, North Wales ! 3. Mitnda alba. Wor. Smith. Head globose, even, white ; stem stuffed, white ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia lanceolate, hyaline, eguttulate, 16 x 3/i. Mitrula albctr—W. G. Smith, " Grevillea," i. p. 136, t. 10, lower figure ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 177. Differs entirely from M. paludosa, Fries, in colour, and especially in the globose head and stuffed stem (W. G. Smith, I. c.). Amongst submerged leaves. April, 1877. Name — Albus, white. East Budleigh, Budleigh Salterton (Mr. Cecil H. Sp. Perceval). Excluded Species. Mitrula minuta — Sow. (small orange Mitrula). Very minute ; receptacle lanceolate, orange ; stem equal, pallid. Fries, " Sys. Myco.," i. p. 492. Clavaria minuta — Sow., t. 391. ' On the bractese of Dipsacus pilosus. Rayleigh, Essex (Rev. R. B. Francis). 30 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. I have not been able to find specimens in Mr. Sowerby's collection ; possibly it may be a state of Pistillaria micans (" Eng. Flo.," v. p. 180). GENUS VII. — SPATHULARIA. Pers. Receptacle vertical, compressed laterally, running down two opposite sides of the distinct stem ; substance fleshy-membranaceous ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, filiform, hyaline ; paraphyses filiform. (Plate II. fig. 7.) . The one British species of this genus is easily dis- tinguished from plants of other allied genera by the hymenium running down two opposite sides of the stem, assuming a spoon-like outline owing to its being laterally compressed. Some species of Leptoglossum and Geo- glossuin are compressed, but the hymenium entirely surrounds the stem. Name — Diminutive of (nraOrt, a spatula. 1. Spathularia flavida. Pers. Head spathulate, compressed, nearly even, 3Tellow ; margin crisped or undulated ; stem white ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, acicular-filiform, multi-guttulate, 60 — 70 x 6 — 7fj, ; paraphyses filiform, branched, numerous. (Plate II. fig- 7.) Spathularia flavida — Pers., " Comm.," p. 84 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," i. 491; Grev, " Sc. Crypt. Flo./' t. 165; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 179 ; Price, t. 5, f. 34 ; D. 0., " Flo. Fr.," ii. 95; Berk, " Outl." t. 21, f. 7; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1953, fig. 326; Kromb, t. v. f. 22; Karat., "Myco. Fenn," 27 ; Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 342 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 26, c. i. Elvella clavata — Schseff'., t. 149. Clavaria spathulata—" Flo. Dan," t. 658 ; Schmidt, " Icon," t. 50. Helvetia spathularia — Sow, " Fung," t. 35. H. feritoria — Bolt, t. 97. Spathularia flava — Swartz, "Vet. Ac. Handl," 1812, p. 10. 8. crispa— Corda, " Icon," ii. 36, f. 125. S. flavida— Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," p. 332. Exs.— Kabh, " Herb. Myco," 28 ; Desm, " Crypt. Fr," ii. 455; Rabh, "Fung. Eur.," ii. 126; Wartm. and Schw, LEPTOGLOSSUM. 3 1 215; West and Wall., " H. B," 1085; Sclim. and Kze., 194; Berk., "Brit. Fung.," 257; Fckl, "Fung. Rh.," 1143; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," i. 470; Klotsch., " H. M.," 815; Rehm., "Asco.," 426; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 3; Thum., !< Fung. Aus.," 425 ; Roumg., " Stirpes," 326. On dead fir-leaves and amongst moss in damp woods. July to October. Gregarious, 3 to 5 inches high ; pileus hollow, yellow, rarely reddish, much compressed, more or less of an erect obovate form, slightly inflated, undulated, or even lacunose, sometimes bifid, or inclining to be lobed. The stem appears to pass along and eventually penetrate the pileus half-way down or near the summit ; sporidia dis- charged elastically (Grev.). Name — Flavus, light yellowish. Costessey, near Norwich (Sowerby). Round Edin- burgh (Dr. Greville). Malvern (Mr. Edwin Lees). Lax- ton, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Wey- bridge, East Bergholt (Mr. Frederick Currey). Wiltshire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Dinmore, Herefordshire ! woods near Ludlow (Mrs. Price). Invergordon, Scotland (Miss Joss). Dinedor, Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Near Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). GENUS VIII. — LEPTOGLOSSUM. Cooke. Receptacle clavate, cylindrical, or compressed, brightly coloured, produced downwards into a distinct stem ; hymenium concrete with and covering the incrassated upper portion ; asci cylindrical or clavate ; sporidia 8, hyaline. (Plate II. fig. 8.) Leptoglossum — Cooke in " Mycogr./' p. 250, revised in litt. The plants of this genus are distinguished easily from those of Geoglossum (Cooke ; non Fries), by the brighter colour (never black). Name — ASTTTOC, fine, -yXwo-o-a, tongue; resembling a slender tongue. BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hymeniura aeruginous green . . . . . . . . viride. Hyinenium smoky olive or dingy purple . . . . olivaceum. 1. Leptoglossum viride. (Pers.) Fasciculate, verdigris-green ; receptacle distinct ; stem squamulose ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic, hyaline, 15 X 5/u ; paraphyses filiform, hardly enlarged upwards. (Plate II. fig. 8.) Geoglossum viride — Pers., " Comm.," p. 40 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," i. 48 ; Weinm, " Hym.," p. 498 ; Grev., "Sc. Crypt. Flo.," t. 211; Sturm, "Flo.," t. 48; Nees, "Sys.," t. 17, p. 158; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 179; Berk, " Out!.," p. 361 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 1956 ; " Mycogr," fig. 14 ; Kickx., " Flo. Flan.," i. 501 ; Seer., « Mycogr.," iii. 621; Fckl, " Symb. Myco," 284; Quelet, "Champ.," p. 377 ; Pat., p. 29, f. 66. Mitrula viridis— K&rst., "Myco. Fenn," i. 29. Clavaria mitrata viridis — Holms., " Ot," p. 24. C. viridis— " Flo. Dan," t. 1258, f. 1. C. Ser- pentina — Mull, " Zool. Dan," p. 256. Leotia geoglossoides — Corda, " Icon," iii. p. 37, t. vi. f. 94. Microglossum viridi — Gill, " Champ," p. 26, c. i. Exs.— Fckl, "F, Rh," 1140; Rehm, "Asco," 151; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," 524 and 1625; Desm, " Crypt. Fr," i. 423 ; Karst, " Fung. Fenn," 449; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 395 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit.," 54. On the ground in woods, amongst moss and decaying leaves. Autumn. Qualities unknown. From 1 to 3 inches high ; about J of an inch in broadest part. The club-shaped head is generally obtuse at the summit, and terminates abruptly and unevenly at the base, occupying about one-third to one-half the entire length of the plant, not unfrequently compressed, glabrous, and, when wet, slippery; the stem is cylindrical, squamulose, rather paler than the head ; the flesh is also green ; the asci are narrowly clavate ; the sporidia elliptic-oblong ; paraphyses abundant ; gelatina hymenia greenish. The sporidia in my Herefordshire specimens did not exceed the size given above, but Dr. Cooke (" Mycogr.") gives 30 X LEPTOGLOSSUM. 33 Name — Viridis, green. Near Melrose (Mr. Walter Arnott). Appin (Capt. Carmichael). Coed Coch ; Holm Lacy ; Bristol ; Aberyst- with ; Kilmory, Fern, N.B. (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Corby Castle, Cumberland, and about Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Tyntesfield, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Dinrnore, Hereford ! Moccas Woods, near Hereford ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 2. Leptoglossum olivaceum. (Pers.) Glabrous, dry, smoky olive ; stem glabrous, yellowish brown, base slightly incrassated, whitish ; club com- pressed, distinct, as long or longer than the stem, in growing old greenish black, white within ; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, hyaline, con- tinuous, 25 x 8^; paraphyses filiform. Geoglossum olivaceum — Pers., " Obs. Myco./' i. p. 40, t. 5, fig. 7 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," i. p. 419 ; Weinm, " Hym," 498 ; Berk., " Outl," t. 22, f. 3 ; Cooke, " Handbk. ," No. 1957; "Mycogr," fig. 13; Pat, p. 29, f. 65; Price, t. 16, f. 102. Microglossum olivaceum — Gill., " Champ.," p. 26, c. i. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," i. 650, and ed. ii. 396 ; Phil, "Elv. Brit.," 5; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," 1820. On the ground in open grassy places. Autumn. Gregarious or caespitose, from 1J to 2 inches high. The club, though distinct from the stem, passes gradually into it without any marked depression ; it is compressed, sometimes sulcate, and twisted, very variable in outline, about J of an inch thick. The stem is cylindrical, usually paler than the club, one-third to three-quarters of the entire height, J of an inch thick. Name — Oliva, an olive ; from the olivaceous colour. |3. purpureum — Berk, in "Outl.," t. 22, f. 2, differs only in colour, which is dingy purple ; but, as the colour of the type is very variable — brown, olive, or purple — it is better to take no account of these differences, further than calling attention to the fact. Name — Purpureus, purple-coloured. D BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Coed Coch, Aberystwith, North Wales ; Fern, N.B. (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Pastures near Ludlow ! Moccas Park, Herefordshire ! Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Holm Lacy, Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke). GENUS IX. — GEOGLOSSUM. Pers. Receptacle clavate, cyclindrical or compressed, black, produced downwards into a distinct stem ; hymenium concrete with and covering the incrassated upper por- tion ; asci cyclindrical or clavate ; sporidia 8, coloured or hyaline. (Plate II. fig. 9.) Name — yf/, the earth, -yXwo-o-a, a tongue ; earth-tongue. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia brown B. Sporidia hyaline species 1-5 6-7 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hymenium hairy Hymenium glabrous (Sporidia brown, 7-septate 1. < Sporidia brown, 3-septato | Sporidia hyaline . . 2 JParaphyses linear " (Paraphyses moniliform o ( Paraphyses pyriform " \Paraphyses globose . J Flesh tremellose ' (Flesh not tremellose Jiirsutum. 1 2 3 4 difforme. glabrum. glutinosum. viscosum. tremellosnm. microsporum. A. SPORIDIA BROWN. 1. Geoglossum hirsutum. Pers. Hirsute, black ; club often elongated, compressed, or nearly round, capitate, plicate ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fasciculate, linear, slightly curved, 15-septate, brown, 150 x 6/x ; paraphyses septate, slightly enlarged at the curved or circinate apices. (Plate II. fig. 9.) Geoglossum hirsutum — Pers., " Comm.," p. 37 ; " Syn. Fung./' p. 608 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," i. 488 ; Weinm., "Hym.," 496; Nees, " Sys.," t. 17, f. 157; Purt, "Midi. Flo./' vols. ii. and iii. No. 1059; Grev., "Sc. Crypt. Flo.," GEOGLOSSUM. 35 t. 185 ; " Eng. Flo./' v. 178 ; Berk., « Outl./' t. 22, f. 12; London, f. 16184 ? Cooke's "Handbk.," No. 1861; " Mycogr.," fig. 3 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn," i. 31 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," 333 ; Gill., " Champ," p. 24, c. i. ; Pat., p. 29, f. 68. Clavaria simplex hirsuta — Schmidt, " Icon.," t. 25, f. 1-19. C. ophioglossoides—Uolms., " Ot.," p. 18; Sow., " Fung.," t. 13 ; Schasff, " Icon.," t. 327. C. atra— Schrad. in Pers, " Comm.," p. 37 ; Humb, " Flo. Frib.," p. 114. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 451; Fckl, "F. Rh.," 1141; West and Wall., "H. B," 1084; "Erb. Grit. Ital," i. 975; Desm, "Crypt. Fr," i. 420; Rabh, "Fung. Eur." ii. 523 ; Rabh, " Herb. Myco," 237 ; Schm. and Kze, 122 ; Klotzsch, "H. M." 44; Rourng, "Stirpes," 63; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 393 Csespitose, 2 to 3 inches high ; club oblong or ovate, generally compressed, distinct from, but passing gradu- ally into, the stem, often J an inch broad, black, hairy ; stem cylindrical, -^ to -^ of an inch thick, covered with short black hairs. The sporidia are elongated, nearly cylindrical, obtuse at the ends, brown, septate. The paraphyses are septate, curved at the apices, which are obtuse, brown, and thicker than the lower portion. Rigid black hairs tapering upwards are intermixed with the paraphyses. Name — Hirsutus, hairy. Bryndulas, Cwm Bychan, Penzance, Thornhaugh, Notts, Reigate, and Brighton (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Twy cross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Abergavenny (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Foxhall (Herb. Kew). North Wootton ; Rack- heath ; Little Plumstead ; and Woodbastwick, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Around Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Lawns near Hereford ! General Cemetery, Shrewsbury ! pastures about Ludlow ! 2. Geoylossum difforme. Fries. Gregarious, glabrous, even, slightly viscid, black; club ditformed, compressed, obtuse, distinct; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, linear, straight, or slightly IH) BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. curved, 7-septate, brown, 110 X 7/*; paraph yses filiform, septate, flexuous above. Geoglossum difforme — Fries, "Obs. Myco," i. 159; " Sys. Myco.," i. 489 ; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 178 ; Kromb, t. 54, f. 28, 29; Berk., "Outl.," 362; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1962 ; " Mycogr.." fig. 7 ; Karst, " Myco. Fenn.," i. 31 ; Price, t. 18, f. 117; Gill., « Champ," p. 25, c. i. Exs.— Berk, " Brit. Fung," 256; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," 481, ed. ii. 394. On the ground in grassy places. Autumn. Crespitose, 1 to 4 inches high ; club difformed, bent, irregular, somewhat viscid, especially when moist, with- out hairs, black ; stem one-half to three-quarters of the entire height of the plant, cylindrical, even ; the brown, elongated, nearly cylindrical sporidia adhere in bundles ; the septate paraphyses are not enlarged at the apices, nor very deeply coloured. Distinguished from G. Glabrum by its longer sporidia, and the apices of the sporidia not being moniliform ; from 0. glutinosum by its longer sporidia, and paraphyses not being pyriform at the apices ; and from G. viscosum by the more numerous septa of the sporidia and the apices of the paraphyses. Name — Dis and forma, of irregular shape, deformed. Boughton House, Northamptonshire ; Bristol ; Wood- newton ; Lampeter ; Bungay ; and Bryndulas (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Fern (Rev. J. Furguson). North Wootton, Ringstead Downs ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Crosshill, near Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Wrekin, Salop ! lawns near Hereford ! 3. Geoglossum glabrum. Pers. Subgregarious, glabrous, dry, blackish ; stem some- what squamulose ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, linear, straight, or slightly curved, 7-septate, brown, 85 — 90^ long; paraphyses linear, thickened at the apices, the four upper cells oval, concatenate. Geoglossum glabrum — Pers, " Obs. Myco," ii. p. 61 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," i. 488; Weinm, "Hym.," 497; GEOGLOSSUM. 37 :"ut 1 inch in diameter (Withering). Nam.- ipula, a little cup. Shrubbery, in mossy turf, Kd.^baston (Withering); A.pethorpe, Milt-.n (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Caistor (Hen- derson . Bo^i 1. Wiltshire (Mr. Currey). Salhouse, rf,,1k H>r. M. 0. Cooke). Taverham, Norfolk (Mr. C K ri.-wriu-ht). Brock Icy Comb, near Bristol (Mr. C Wivkin! Kingsland, Shrewsbury! Hereford! G. P> :>-- x G/u. ; paraphyses filiform, curved at the summit. /', :,':./ cupularis — L. var. in Herb. Berk., Milton. Cup from 5 to 10 lines broad ; stem from 3 to 6 lines and about 1 line thick. — Caro, flesh; flesh-coloured. 7. Peziza muralis. Sow. Cup at first cyathiform, then expanded, nearly plane, tinn, lleshy in the centre, thin towards the margin, •Jal >n >us, dirty brownish-white; stem short, rather slender; , cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, l-tx8/u; puraphyse-s filiform. !'• :/':n clay. ( 'up IVoin 2 to 7 lines across, nearly uniform in colour within and without, glabrous; stem about 1 to 1J lines long, ciilar/m^ upwards into the thick fleshy base of the cup. The lar-jvr ones herein figured were sent by favour <>f tin- Urv. Mr. Alderson, from some clay walls in his -•••mien at 1 lavin^luuii, Nui-folk; the smaller ones grew " -<>\n<- pipe-clay intended for modelling at my own Mi -ad Tlace. They differ much in size, but agree PEZIZA. 49 so well in shape and substance that I consider them as the same species" (Sowerby, I. c.). The original specimens, after the death of Sowerby, came into the hands of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, by whose kind permission I was allowed to examine them. Name — Murus, a wall ; from its habitat. B. STEM ROOTING. (a) Sporidia elliptic, smooth. 8. Peziza carbonaria. A. and S. Cup globose-carnpanulate, thin, fragile ; hymenium reddish-ochrey, externally whitish, farinose ; margin crenate; stem slender, variable in length ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 X 8/x; paraphyses filiform, clavate apices. Peziza carbonaria — A. and S., " Consp.," p. 314, t. 4, f. 2 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 64 ; B. and Br, " Ann. Nat. Hist.," 1063, t. 15, f. 15 ; Nyl., " Fez. Fenn," p. 10 ; Karst., "Myco. Fenn./' p. 42; Gonn. and Rabh., iii. t. 4, f. 4; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1989; "Mycogr," fig. 284. P. cupularis, var. carbonaria — Weinm., " Hyin," 424. Aleuria carbonaria — Gill, " Champ.," p. 39. Exs.— Rabh., " Fung. Fur," 722 ; Rabh., " Myco. Eur.," ii. 622 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn," 456 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2512 ; Rehm, " Asco," 702. On burnt ground. Spring and autumn. Gregarious, 3 to 8 lines broad ; stem at times obsolete. . . Distinguished from the preceding by its smaller size ; more highly coloured hymenium, which is almost ver- million when young ; and its sporidia. Name — Carbo, charcoal ; from its habitat. Ascot (Mr. C. E. Broome). Morton Bay! (Mr. J. Baily). Whitclitfe, Ludlow ! Wrekin, Salop ! Attingham Park, Salop ! 9. Peziza ammophila. Dr. and M. Cup turbinate, fragile, thick ; hymenium brown, ex- ternally pallid, dry ; margin splitting into triangular E r.KITlSir DISCOMYCETES. tem elongated, rooting, very fragile; n.sci cylin- poridia s, elliptic, smooth, '20 x 0/t ; paraphyses filiform, elavate apic-'-. y. • wmmophila—'Dr. and M., "Flo. d'Algerie," 2; M. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 1619; ' Grevillea," v. p. 59; Cooke, "Mycogr.," f. 100, 373. ria ammopn/ila -Gill., "Champ.," p. 38. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. G45. limn* r-.'d in sand on the sea-coast, at the roots of Psamma. Autumn. Cups 1 inch high and broad; rooting stem 2 to 3 'nches Inn The sand adheres so closely to the floccose exterior that it forms a complete coating. The whole plant is extremely brittle, and so much immersed in the d as hardly to be recognized. Name — H///IOC, sand, ^f/\oe, loving ; from its prefer- e for sandy soil. St. Andrews, N.B. ! (Rev. Mark Anderson). Brampton Burn.ws. IHYacombe ! (Dr. T. A. Chapman). 10. Peziza rapulum. Bull. Cup infundibuliform, margin at length broadly de- pressed,sub-umbilicate, thin, fragile, glabrous, transparent, •ying. from whitish straw-coloured to nearly fulvous ; sti'in slender, elongated, rooting ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, ovate-elliptic, 10 X 5/z ; paraphyses filiform. On the ground amongst leaves, etc. Spring. Peziza rapulum— Bull, "Champ.," p. 2G5, t. 485, T. :> ; Fri.-.s, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 59; « Eng. Flo.," V. v. 189 ; »ke, "Handbk.," No. 1967 ; " Mycoi^r. ," fi 1 UUITISII DISCOMYCETES. \\Yybri\ty, a vein, ^»fy>w, to carry ; from the veined base. King's Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Brislington (Mr. C. E. Broome). Coed Coch, North Wales (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Hill Plantation, near Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). SUBGEXUS IV. — COCHLEARIA. Cooke. Cup sessile, externally pruinose, flexuose, ceespitose- contorted. (Plate III. fig. 14.) Although the cups in this subgenus are sometimes laterally divided, they are rarely elongated on the one side, as in Otidea. Name — Cochlea, the shell of a snail. ARRANGEMENT OP THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia elliptic, asperate . . . . . . species 17-19 B. Sporidia elliptic, smooth . . . . . . „ 20-29 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hvmenium faint purple, changing to pale buff Adx. \ Hymenium olivaceous umber Hymenium orange red ; sporidia rough Hymenium orange red or bright yellow ; sporidi smooth Hymenium some shade of brown Paraphyses globose at the apices araphyses clavate at the apices (Tan ' \Pan grandis. 3 4 fibrillosa. 2 5(3 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 2 (Cups large, cajspitose, externally pruinose ' \Cups small, solitary, externally smooth Hymenium orange-red ; cup sessile Hymenium bright yellow ; cup substipitate . jSporidia rough ' \Sporidia smooth JHymenium alutaceous, paraphyses linear . . aurantia. luteo-niteus. leuculeitta. \i\r.flavida. . . 5 .. 6 alutacea. ' I Hymenium dark umber-brown paraphyses linear . . badia. Hymenium pale ochraceous ; paraphyses linear, forked ochracta. Hymenium umber-brown ; paraphyses linear, forked or branched . . . . . . . . . . . . cochleata. Hymenium umber ; paraphyses clavate . . 7 Hymenium pale ochraceous, sessile ; on linen cloth. . linteicola. „ Hymenium pale ochraceous, substipitate ; on wood . . micropus. ' Hymenium brownish yellow, with a shade of red ; on wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . isabellina. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC ASPERATE. 17. Peziza aurantia. (Ed. Cup subsessile, irregular, oblique ; hymenium orange, externally somewhat pruinose, whitish ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, asperate, 16 X S/UL ; para- physes clavate at the summits, full of orange granules (Plate III. fig. 14.) Peziza aurantia — " Flo. Dan," t. 657, f. 2 ; Pers, " Obs," 2, p. 76 ; Nees, " Sys," f. 279 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 49; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 187; Huss, i. t. 37; Berk, "Outl," p. 363; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1975; "Brit. Fung," t. 1 ; Price, f. 42 ; Weberb, t. 1, f. 1, t. 2, f. 3 ; Gonn. and Rabh, t. 1, f. 3 ; "Flo. Boruss," t. 384; Seer, "Mycogr," iii. 294; Karst, "Myco. Fenn," 43; Weinm. p. 414; Pat, p. 123, f. 278. Peziza aurantiaca — Harzer. t. 72, B. Peziza cochleata — Batsch, f. 157. Peziza, coccinea—Schseff., " Icon," t. 148 ; Bull, " Champ," t. 474; Sow, "Fung," t. 78. Helvetia coccinea — Bolt., t. 100. Peziza dichroa — Holms, " Ot," ii. t. 7. Aleuria aurantia —Fckl, "Symb. Myco," 325; Sacc, "Myco. Ven. Sp," 167; Gill, " Champ," p. 41, c. i. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Rh," 1228; Desm, "Crypt. Fr," i. 521 ; Karst, " Fung. Fenn," 142 ; Rabh, " Herb. Myco," i. 523 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 12 ; Ellis, " N. A. Fungi'," 836 ; Roumg., " Fung. Gal," 2769. PEZIZA. 57 On the ground, often near stumps of felled trees, and amongst chips. Summer and autumn. Cup from J an inch to 5 inches broad, sometimes densely ceespitose and much contorted, at others growing singly and equal, not oblique ; disc of a bright clear orange, or deep orange red ; margin often involute ; ex- ternally nearly white, mealy, with minute sparkling granules ; base prolonged into a short stem. The sporidia are coarsely tuberculate, with a prominent apiculus at each extremity. The odour in drying is pleasant, re- sembling Cantharellus cibarius. Name — Aurantius, orange; of an orange colour. Halifax (Bolton). King's Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Glasgow (Klotzsch). Kirby Bedon, Norfolk (Rev. K. Trimmer). Garthewen, Denbighshire (Rev. M. J.Berkeley). Twy cross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Blaize Castle, near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Bitterly, Salop (Mrs. Price). Moccus, Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Kew Gardens (Mr. C. E. Broome). Epping Forest ! (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Hey- wood Forest, near Hereford ! (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Din- more, near Hereford ! Lyndhurst (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Near Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). King's Lynn (Mr. C. B. Plow- right). Ludlow ! Shrewsbury ! Colwyn Bay (Mr. Walker). Var. A. Stipitata. Phil. Disc bright scarlet ; stem equalling the height of the cup, 4 mm. (about 1J lines). Name — Stipes, a stalk. This interesting variety was sent by the Rev. C. W. Penny, F.L.S., from Wokingham, Berkshire. Var. B. Atro-marginata. Phil, and Plow. Cup 4 lines to 1 inch broad ; hymenium blood-red, wrinkled ; margin black, owing to the presence of minute septate bristle-like hairs ; the tuberculate sporidia are frequently furnished with thread-like appendages at the BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. extremities, pointing in opposite directions obliquely to the long axis of the sporidia. Peziza aurantia ((Ed.), var. atro-marginata — Phil, and Plow., in Gard. Ckron., Feb. 11, 1882, with figure. Name — Ater, black, and margo, a margin. Clenchwarton, Norfolk (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 18. Peziza luteo-nitens. B. and Br. Cup sessile, nearly regular, concave, at length flexuose ; hymenium bright orange-yellow ; externally nearly white, smooth ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, 13 X 6/1; paraphyses filiform, subclavate at the apices. Peziza luteo-nitens — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 556; Berk., "Outl.," 364; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1976; " Mycogr," fig. 205. On the bare ground. Having carefully examined the original specimens in Mr. Berkeley's herbarium, I found many of the sporidia decidedly asperate, though rather smaller than in P. aurantia. Name — Luteus, yellow, nitens, shining. King's Cliffe ! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Tunbridge Wells ! (Rev. Canon DuPort). 19. Peziza badia. Pers. Cup subsessile, entire, flexuose, dark brown ; margin at first involute, externally paler, pruinose, inclining to olive (as well as the margin) ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, minutely asperate, 15 — 17 X 8ju; paraphyses clavate at the apices, sparse. Peziza badia— Pers, " Obs," 2, 78; Pers., "Myco. Eur.," p. 224; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 46; Gonn. and Rabh., t. 1, f. 3 ; Seer., " Mycogr.," iii. 296 ; Weberb., t. 2, f. 2 ; Berk., « Outl.," t. 22, f. 4 ; Huss., ii. t. 13 ; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 187 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 1969 ; " Mycogr," fig. 226 ; Karst, " Myco. Fenn," p. 56 ; Weinm, " Hym,' p. 413; Pat, p. 33, f. 79. Helvetia cochleata — Bolt, PEZIZA. £9 "Fung.," t. 99. Plicaria badia—Yckl, " Symb. Myco.," 327; Sacc., "Myco. Ven. Sp.," p. 167. Aleuria badia— Gill, " Champ./' p. 43, c. i. Exs.— Rabh, "Herb. Myco." i. 337; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 141 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit./3 ii. 366 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit./' 9; Winter, "Fungi Eur.," 2208; Ellis, "N. A. Fungi," 981 ; Roumg, "Fung. Gal," 1958 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 366. On the ground in grassy, shady places, and on burnt ground. Summer and autumn. Cup 1 to 2 inches broad; base fleshy, often projected into a short stem immersed in the ground, slightly villous and lacunose ; the colour varies according to the degree of moisture and age ; the hymenium is dark umber-brown, externally a little lighter and minutely granular ; the sporidia, when mature, are slightly rough on the surface. Name — Badius, chestnut-brown. About Halifax (Bolton). St. Faith's, Norfolk (Rev. K. Trimmer). Coed Coch ; Aboyne ; Milton, Northamp- tonshire ; Bowood ; Hafod-dunas (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Perth ; Dinmore, near Hereford ; Hampstead (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Tittleworth, Sussex ! Malvern ! (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Weybridge (Mr. F. Currey). Aberystwith ! Trefrew ! Norton Camp, near Craven Arms ! Bomere, near Shrewsbury ! Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH. 20. Peziza leuculenta. Cooke. Cup sessile, fleshy, pleasant orange-colour, concave ; externally fibrillose, paler ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, obtuse, biguttulate, smooth, 25 x 12^; para- physes clavate at the summits, filled with orange granules. Peziza leuculenta — Cooke in Herb. ; " Mycogr.," fig. 208. Peziza luteonitens — Cooke in " Grevillea," iii. fig. 122. Exs.— Roumg., " Fung. Gal./' 2770. On the ground. b'O BRITISH D1SCOMYCETES. Cup scarcely an inch broad, very much resembling P. fibrillosa (Currey), but with decidedly different fruit. Name — Leuculentus, clear ; from the colour. Near Sheffield (Mr. H. C. Sorby, F.R.S.). 21. Peziza fibrillosa. Curr. Cup nearly sessile, irregular, orange, clothed ex- ternally with dingy-white downy fibrillse, which form a rather dense tomentose edging to the cup ; asci cylin- drical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, eguttulate, 16 — 18 X 9/*; paraphyses filiform, globoso-clavate. Peziza fibrillosa — Curr. in "Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p. 153 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1977 ; " Mycogr.," fig. 207. On the ground. October. Cup 1 inch broad, often divided on one side ; when young the margin is involute, afterwards erect ; the exterior is very tomentose, nearly white. It resembles P. aurantia, but differs in having smooth sporidia and paraphyses with globose summits. Name — Fibra, a fibre ; clothed with downy fibrillse. Hanham Wood ! (Mr. F. Currey). King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 22. Peziza cochleata. Bull. Cup sessile, csespitose, large, twisted, umber, ex- ternally pruinose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, biguttulate, 16 — 19 X 7 — S/z; paraphyses filiform, often branched and curved at the summits. Peziza cochleata — Bull., " Champ.," t. 154, f. 2; Sow., "Fung.," t. 5; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 50; Gonn. and Kabh., t. 2, f. 5 ; Seer, " Mycogr.," iii. 296 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 188; Berk, " Outl," p. 363: Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1971 ; " Micogr.," fig. 212 ; Weinm., " Hym.," p. 416 ; Koumg., "Crypt. Illus." t. 265; Berk., Gard. Chron., 1867. Aleuria cochleata — Gill., "Champ.," p. 42, c. i. Fungoides fuscum — Buxb., " Petr," iv. t. 29, f. 1. Peziza umbrina—PeTB., " Obs," i. 77 ; Sv., " Bot.," t. 486, f. 2. Elvela ochroleuca — Schseff., "Icon.," t. 274. Otidca PEZIZA. 61 cochleata— Fckl, "Symb. Myco./' 329; Sacc, "Myco. Ven. Sp," p. 107. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Eh.," 1232. On the ground. Summer and autumn. Cup 1 to 2 inches broad, sometimes larger, often densely csespitose, hence irregular and much contorted. Name — Cochlea, the shell of a snail. King's Cliffe, Laxton, Aboyne, Milton, Lea, Coed Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Llanrwst, North Wales ! Altringham Park, Shrewsbury ! 23. Peziza alutacea. Pers. Cup subsessile, contorted, pallid-fuliginous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, minutely asperate, 12 — 14 X 6 — 7/u; paraphyses linear, sparse. Peziza alutacea — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 638 ; Cooke, 'Mycogr.," f. 214. Peziza cochleata f3. alutacea — Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 50; Weinm., "Hym," p. 416. Aluria alutacea — Gill, " Champ," p. 42. Exs.— Fckl, " F. Rh.," 1229. On the ground in woods. Autumn. Cup 2 inches or more broad, resembling P. cochleata, from which the rough sporidia distinguish it. Name — Aluta, tanned leather; tan-coloured. Milton, 1842, and Coed Coch, 1877; near Hereford, 1878. 24. Peziza grandis. Pers. Csespitose or solitary, sessile, flexuous ; externally olivaceous-umber, with a lacunose albo-tomentose base ; hymenium ochery yellow ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, narrower at the ends, biguttulate, 16 X 7// ; paraphyses linear, straight or curved at the apices. Peziza grandis — Pers, " Obs," i. p. 27 ; Pers, " Syn. Fung," p. 636. Peziza abietina, var. c. — Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 47. Peziza grandis — Boud. in Cooke, "Mycogr," rig. 376 ; Pat, p. 209, f. 480 (?). Aleuria grandis— Gill., " Champ," p. 42 (?). On the ground in pine woods. 62 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Cup 2 to 3 inches broad, 1J inches high, sack-shaped ; margin entire, but occasionally divided to the base on one side ; externally dark olive green ; hymenium dull ochery brown ; the mycelium ferruginous. Very distinct from P. leporina. Name — From grandis, large. Hey wood Forest, near Hereford! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 25. Peziza ochracea. Boud. Cup sessile, crespitose, entire, subflexuous, bright ochraceous, externally furfuraceous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, hyaline, smooth ; 22 — 24 X 12/i; paraphyses linear, often divided at the summits into two or three short obtuse processes. Peziza ochracea — Boud. in Herb.; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 377; Pat., p. 170, f. 374 Aleuria ochracea — Gill., " Champ.," p. 41, c. i. On the ground in beech woods. Spring. Cup 1 to 2 inches broad, fleshy at the base, densely caespitose ; hymenium wrinkled ; exterior coarsely fur- furaceous. The paraphyses are septate, and often branched at the top into two or three short processes. Name — Ochra, ochre ; the colour of yellow ochre. The Wrekin, Salop ! 26. Peziza Adce. Sadler. Cup sessile, subcsespitose, cochleate, irregular, be- coming expanded ; margin entire or lobed, refiexed ; hymenium white, rosy white, violaceous, or ochraceus ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 13 X Ifi] paraphyses linear. Peziza Adce — Sadler ; Cooke, " Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin.," 1857, p. 45 (with figure) ; " Grevillea," vi. t. 97, figs. 1-3. Peziza domiciliana — Cooke in Gard. Chron., 1877. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 649 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit.," No. 154. On damp walls, etc. Cup \ an inch to 2 inches broad ; disc variable in form and colour, but always thin and delicate. TEZIZA. 6S Damp wall of Inverleith House, Edinburgh ! (Miss Ada Balfour, after whom it is named). Garden at Dalston, London (herb, of Dr. M. C. Cooke). 27. Peziza isabellina. Wor. Smith. Cup large, sessile, csespitose, fleshy, subglobose, in- ternally smooth, brownish yellow, with a shade of red, externally paler, subpruinose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 14 X 80 ; paraphyses linear, clavate summits. Peziza isabellina — Worthington Smith in "Grevillea," i. p. 136, t. 9; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 241. On decayed coniferous wood. Cup 1 to 2 inches broad. Name — From the French isabelle, dove-coloured, or, as some say, the colour of dirty linen. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 28. Peziza micropus. Pers. Cup substipitate, medium-sized, oblique, flexuous, rather fragile, pallid-fuliginous, externally furfuraceo- granulose ; stem short, rather stout ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 15 X 9// ; paraphyses linear, slightly thickened at the summits. Peziza micropus — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," 642 ; Pers., "Icon, et Descr./'t. 8, f. 3 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 54; Berk., " Out!.," t. 22, f. 5 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 1983 ; Weinm., " Hym," 418 ; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 300 ; Pat., p. 121, f. 273. Pustularia micropus — Fckl., "Symb. Myco./' 323. Aleuria micropus — Gill., " Champ.," p. 204. On damp wood, beech, ash, and poplar, and decaying carpet. Spring and Autumn. Cup J- to 1 inch broad, hemispherical, or sub-infun- dibuliform ; mouth oblique ; margin furfuraceo-tomentose, and the exterior granulated with large superficial squamules ; stem 1J lines long, rather thick, or absent altogether. Name — piKpoz, small, TTOUC, a foot; from the short stem. Fineshade, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 64 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Badminton (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Menmuir, N.B. (Rev. M. L. Anderson). Moccas, Herefordshire ! Castle Rising ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Warwick ! (Mr. Spencer Percival). Var. flavida. Phil. This differs from the type species in being less fur- furaceous externally, a brighter colour (decidedly yellow), not pallid-fuliginous, and having sporidia rather longer (19 x fy). On decayed wood. Name — Flavus, light yellowish. Moccas, Herefordshire ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright) 29. Peziza linteicola. Phil, and Plow. Cup sessile, crespitose, very fragile, cochleate or entire, fulvous ; externally farinose, hoary; margin crenate; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, eguttulate, smooth, 12 — 15 X 8 — 10,u; paraphyses linear, septate, clavate at the aj i ^es. On damp rotting linen cloth. Cup J to | of an inch broad ; sometimes divided to the base on one side, the edges of the division involute, at others entire, cupulate, arising from white creeping mycelium ; sporidia vary much in size, and are shortly elliptical, approaching globose. The apices of the para- physes are clavate or pear-shaped, with one or two large elliptic transparent nuclei devoid of granules. The cells forming the exterior of the cup are rather small (from 10 — 20^ in diameter). Name — Linteum, linen, and colo, to inhabit ; growing on linen. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). SUBGENUS Y. — DlSCINA. Cup large, sessile, or substipitate, between waxy and fleshy, flattened or reflexed, entire or lobed, and some- what waved. (Plate III. fig. 15.) Name — e^V/coe, a round plate. PEZIZA. G5 ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia globose . . . . . . . . species 30-31 B. Sporidia elliptic, smooth . . . . . . „ 32-35 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Sporidia spherical, rough Sporidia spherical, smooth Sporidia elliptic Hymenium purple ; cup subglobose Hyruenium umber-browa ; cup costate below 1. ^Hymenium fulvo-rufescent, at length reticulate ; cu] ! Isubstipitate Hymenium fulvous ; cup repand, substipitate trachycarpa. I incur pa. 1 coronaria. venosa. reticiilata. repanda. A. SPORIDIA GLOBOSE. 30. Peziza trachycarpa. Curr. Cup orbicular, then plane, very often umbilicate ; hymenium blackish-brown, rough, tuberculate ; externally granulated ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, muricate, brown, 12 — 15/u. ; paraphyses either filiform with clavate apices, or broad, pallid-brown, resembling empty asci. (Plate III. fig. 15.) Peziza trachycarpa — Curr., "Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p. 493, t. 51, figs. 3 and 5 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1061, t. xiv. fig. 13; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 1984; " Mycogr.," fig. 257 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 61. Peziza funu — Nyl., " Fez. Fenn.," p. 15. Aleuria trachycarpa -Gill., " Champ," p. 203, c. i. Exs.— Rabh, "Fung. Eur.," 620; Karst. "Fung. Fenn.," 457 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 57. On burnt ground. Summer and autumn. Cup ^ to 1J broad. Name — rpa\vg, rough, Kapiroz, fruit ; from the rough sporidia. Ascot ! (Rev. G. H. Sawyer). Norton Camp, near Craven Arms ! Bomere, near Shrewsbury ! Attingham Park, Shrewsbury ! 31. Peziza leiocarpa. Curr. Cup at first connivent, subglobose, externally (prin- cipally towards the margin) rough, vinous-brown, thin, F 6G BBITISH DISCOMYCETES. seini-pellucid, sometimes pallid near the base, at length expanded, almost plane ; hymenium olive-brown ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, smooth, 9 — lO^t ; para- physes filiform, gradually enlarged at the apices. Peziza leiocarpa — Curr, " Linn. Trans," xxiv. p. 493, t. 51, f. 4 and 8; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1062, t. xiv. f. 14; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1985; "Mycogr.," fig. 256 ; Pat, p. 70, fig. 163 (exclude sporidia and paraphyses). Plicaria foveata — FckL, " Symb. Myco," p. 326 (?) On burnt ground. Cup 1 J to 3 inches broad ; hymenium at first pale, then dark olive-brown. Resembling at first Peziza pustulaia (Batsch). Name — Xaoc, smooth, tcapirog, fruit ; from the smooth sporidia. Ascot ! (Rev. G. H. Sawyer). B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH. 32. Peziza repanda. Wahl. Cup solitary or csespitose, large, incised, and repand, internally subrugose, brown ; externally farinose, whitish, base elongated, rooting ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 18 — 20 x 10^; paraphyses linear, sparse. Peziza repanda — Wahl., " Tips.," p. 466 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 51; Grev, " Sc. Crypt. Flo.," t. 59; Berk, "Eng. Flo.," v. 188; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1978; " Mycogr.," fig. 240; Weinm. ," Hym," p. 117. Aleuria repanda — Gill, " Champ," p. 43. On old trunks and on the ground. Autumn. Cup 1 to 4 ^inches broad ; cells of the exterior of the cup very large. This is one of the species with which many others have been confounded, so that it is very difficult to quote synonyms with any degree of cer- tainty. If regard be paid to the sporidia, great paucity of paraphyses, and large external cells, there should PEZIZA. 67 not be much difficulty in determining it. Karsten's Peziza repanda (" Myco. Fenn.," p. 54), with sporidia 10 — 14 X 6 — 7[*, must be something different. Fuckel describes the sporidia in his " Symb. Myco." as " episporio granuloso-tuberculato, fusco," measuring 16 X 8^. This again cannot be the present species (Dr. Cooke in " Mycogr."). Name — Repandu8, bent backwards. Milton, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkele}'). King's Cliffe and Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Hitchin (Professor Henslow). Foxhall, near Edinburgh (Messrs. Wauch and Greville). Reading; Epping; Rugby (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Attiugham Park, near Shrewsbury ! Wrekin, Salop ! Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! 33. Peziza reticulata. Grev. Cup large, fulvo-rufescent within, plicate in the centre, reticulated ; externally whitish, pruinose ; margin involute, at first entire, becoming variously lacerated, subrepand ; stem either thick and short or none ; asci sub- cylindrical; sporidia 8, elongato-elliptic, smooth, 23 X 10/x; paraphyses clavate apices, rilled with brown granules. Peziza rctlcidata — Grev., " Sc. Crypt. Flu.," t. 153; Kromb., t. 61, f. 18-22 ; Berk., " Outl." t. 22, f. 6 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 227. Plicaria rcticulata—Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," 328. Peziza venoaa — Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 1968 (partly). Aleuria reiiculata — Gill., " Champ.," p. 43, c. i. Exs.— Fekl., " F. Rh.," 2083. Cup 2 to 5 inches broad. This has usually been united with P. venosa, but, as we think, without good reason. The odour is by no means so powerful and nitrous as in that species, the colour is lighter, substance less tough, sporidia more constant, and different in size and form (Dr. M. C. Cooke in " Mycogr."). Name — Reticulatus, made like a net ; from the mark- ings on the hymenium. Foxhall, near Edinburgh (Captain Wauch). Rafford, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Near Lewes (Mr. F. Currey). 68 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Mossburnford (Mr. Jerdon). Brockley Combe, Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Near Shrewsbury ! 34. Peziza coronaria. Jacq. Cup at first buried, then more or less exposed, sub- globose, splitting in a stellate manner, nearly violet or rosy, externally pallid ; stem short, thick, rooting ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 1 to 2-guttulate, smooth, 15 — 18x8 — 9//; paraphyses straight, linear, slightly enlarged above, sometimes forked. Peziza coronaria — Jacq., " Misc. Austr.," i. p. 140, pi. 10, 1778 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," f. 238 ; Pat., p. 32, f. 77. Peziza amplissima — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 349. Peziza eximia — D. R. and Lev., " Flo. Alger.," t. 28, f. 9. Peziza geaster — Rabh., " Myco. Eur.," t. 3, f. 5. Peziza macTOcalyx — Smith in " Journ. Bot.," 1869, p. 345, t. 98 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," No, 1981; Kalch., "Icon. Select.," t. 40, f. 2. ^Peziza sicula — Inzenga, "Fung. Sici.," t. viii. f. 4. Aleuria eximia — Gill., "Champ.," p. 48, c. i. On the ground under trees. Spring. It is found underground, in forests of fir-trees, singly or from two to five together. In its progressive develop- ment it rises about half out of the ground. At first it is closed, but later it splits, star-like, from the top down- wards to the middle of its cup, or sometimes even further down still, into from 7 to 10 more or less pointed strips. The exterior is of a dirty pale blue, clothed with a thin white transient fur, and at the base of the cup is a short stem. In large specimens the cup is three inches high and broad, deeply cup-shaped, with the rim at length bent downwards. The hymenium is at first pale, and later a dark violet (Fresenius). " Cups very large, 4 or 5 inches when expanded ; asci very long ; sporidia uniseriate in the upper portion of the ascus, with one or two nuclei. After having been dried and then again moistened, the nuclei give the sporidia the appearance of being uniseptate. It was doubtless this illusion which led to the sporidia of Peziza eximia, in " Flora d'Algerie," being represented as uniseptate. PEZIZA. G9 This appearance is very deceptive in nucleated sporidia, and is not confined to the present species, as we have observed the same thing in Peziza Sumneriana, after it has been for some time dried " (Dr. Cooke in " Mycogr."). Name — Corona, a crown ; from the shape. Chichester, Sussex (Dr. Paxton). Street, Somerset (Mr. W. G. Smith). King's Lynn ! (Mr. G. B. Plowright). Woodchester, near Stroud ! 35. Peziza venosa. Pers. Cup sessile or substipitate, umber-brown ; externally whitish, rugose with costate veins ; base produced into a very short stem ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, granular within, 18 — 23 X 10 — 12^; paraphyses copious, clavate at the summit, brown. Peziza venosa — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 220 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 46 ; Weberb., t. 2, f. 1 (?) ; Cooke, "Myco," fig. 228. Elvela cochleata--WiQff. in Jacq, " Misc. Austr," ii. t. 17, f. 1. Peziza ancilis — Rehm, "Asco," No. 402; Cooke, "Myco," f. 372. Aleuria venosa — Gill, " Champ," p. 37, c. i. Exs.— Cooke, "Fung. Brit," No. 557; Rehm, " Asco," No. 402. On the ground. Spring. Esculent. Cup 1 to 2 inches broad or more, nearly as high. The strong nitrous odour of this species is very charac- teristic. Name — Vena, a vein; from the veined hymenium. King's Cliffe, Sibbertoft, Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Warwick (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! Hospital Field, Lynn (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Bristol! (Mr. Green). Ingham, Norfolk (Rev. K. Trimmer). SUBGENUS VI. — GALACTIXIA. Cooke. Cup sessile, entire, fleshy, exuding, when cut or wounded, a milky juice. (Plate IV. fig. 16.) Name — -yaXaKrTvoc, milky. Two British species. 70 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hymenium violet-brown ; juice violet . . . . .. samosa. Hymeiiium wax-brown ; juice turning yellow , . succosa. 36. Peziza succosa. Berk. Cap medium size, fleshy, sessile, hemispherical, pale wax-brown ; externally paler, pruinose ; margin inflexed ; juice bright yellow ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, asperate, 20 X 11 — 12/z ; paraphyses linear, thickened upwards. (Plate IV. fig. 16.) Peziza succosa — Berk., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 156, t. 10, f. 5 ; " Outl.," p. 363 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 1972 ; ' Mycogr," fig. 243 ; Kickx., " Crypt. Flan," j. 495 ; Pat., 72, f. 166. Aleuria succosa — Gill., " Champ.," p. 45, c. i. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit," No. 10; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 650. On the naked ground in damp and shady woods. Autumn. Cup 1 inch broad, subglobose, then hemispherical, sometimes cochleate, but generally entire, when moist transparent, pale brown ; exterior mealy or pruinose, dirty white ; the juice is limpid and nearly colourless when it issues from the wound, but soon changes to yellow ; the sporidia are certainly rough when mature. Name — Succus, juice. King's Cliffe and Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bristol (Mr. H. 0. Stephens). Do vard Rocks (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Arkol Hill, Salop 1 Lilleshall, Salop ! Craven Arms, Salop I 37. Peziza saniosa. Schrad. Cup sessile, thick, fleshy, campanulate, regular, purplish brown or dark violet ; externally pulverulent, umber-brown or purplish -brown ; juice dark violet, abundant ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 15 X 7*5/z; paraphyses linear. Peziza saniosa — Schrad, "Bot. Jour," 1799, ii. p. 64; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 65; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1901 ; Berk., " Mag. Zool. and Bot," No. 87, t. 7, f. 2 ; Phil, in TEZIZA. 71 "Grev." ii. pi. 24, fig. 3; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 299; Pat., p. 170, f. 375. Aleuria saniosa — Gill., " Champ.," p. 46, c. i. On the ground and trunks in very damp, shady places. Cup 4 lines high, 4 lines broad. The flesh is thick, occupying half the height of the cup. The juice issues freely when the flesh is cut. Name — Sanies, gore ; from the juice. King's Clitfe and Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Ercall Hill, Salop ! Doward Rocks, Herefordshire ! (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Bristol (Mr. H. O. Stephens). SUBGENUS VII. — PUSTULARIA. Cooke. Cups entire, sessile, externally mealy, granulated, or warty. (Plate IV. fig. 17.) Name — Pustula, a blister ; from the name of the typical species pustulata, which is war ted on the exterior. ARRANGEMENT OF TIIE SPECIES. A. Bporidia globose, asperate .. .. .. species 38 B. Sporidia elliptic, asperate .. .. .. „ 3D- 10 c. Sporidia elliptic, smooth .. .. .. „ 41-13 2. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Sporidia spherical, brown, rough Sporidia elliptic, rough Sporidia elliptic, smooth {Margin of cup erose, inflexed, paler thaii b.jlow (Margin of cup entire, erect, same colour as below Cup at first globose ; hymenium pallid brown Cup infundibuliform, then expanded ; hymenium yellowish Cup hemispherical ; disc bright brown radula. 1 2 pustulata. indiscreta. vesiculosa. cerea. lufonia. A. SPORIDIA GLOBOSE, ASPERATE. 38. Peziza radula. B. and Br. Large, cup-shaped, sessile, at length depressed, vinous brown ; externally black, and rough with subequal warts ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, tuberculate, brown, 72 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 22 — 25jii ; paraphyses septate, clavate at the apices. (Plate IV. fig. 17.) Peziza radula — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," xviii. p. 77; "Outl.," p. 364; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1987; " Mycogr.," fig. 293. On the ground in woods. Cup depressed, sessile, nearly an inch across, black externally, broken into nearly equal, distinct, subconical warts, like those of Genea verrucosa ; hymenium of a dark vinous-brown ; asci large, obtuse ; sporidia large, globose, containing a single nucleus, rough with obtuse distinct tubercles ; paraphyses septate, with the ultimate articulation clavate (B. and Br.). Name — Radula, an instrument to scrape with ; from the likeness of the surface to a nutmeg-grater. Near Bristol (Berkeley and Broome). B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, ASPERATE. 39. Peziza pustulata. Pers. Cup sessile, subglobose, becoming expanded ; hy- menium pallid or smoky brown ; externally whitish furfuraceous near the obtuse, entire, inflexed margin, smoky-brown below ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, asperate, 20 X 10/z; paraphyses septate, clavate at the apices. Peziza pustulata — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 646 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. 55; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1986; Phil, in " Grevillea," ii. pi. 24, f. 2 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 298 ; Weinm., " Hym.," 419. Octospora pustulata — Hedw., " Mus. Frond.," ii. t. 6, f. A. Plicaria pustulata — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 327. Peziza cocJdeata, var. j3. — Batsch, "El.," fig. 157. Peziza spurcata — Pers., "Myco. Eur.," 226. Peziza plicata—P&s., " Myco. Eur./' i. 226. Aleuria pustulata — Gill., " Champ.," p. 45, c. i. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1227; Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 14. On the ground and on charcoal beds. Summer and autumn. PEZIZA. 73 Cup J an inch to 1 \ inches broad. The flesh is thick and rather firm ; the exterior of the cup coarsely fur- furaceous, dark sooty-brown, but pale towards the subcrenate margin. It is gregarious, and sometimes crespitose. The apices of the paraphyses are filled with brown granules. Name — Pustula, a blister; having convex elevations like blisters. Ercall Hill, Salop ! Glamis (Rev. J. Stevenson). 40. Peziza indiscreta. Phil, and Plow. Scattered or crowded, sessile, hemispherical, fleshy ; hymenium concave, blackish-brown ; externally some- what verrucose, umber-brown ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 1 to 2-guttulate, asperate, 16 — 18x9 — 10/z ; paraphyses linear, septate, slightly thickened at the apices. Peziza indiscreta — Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," viii. p. 99. On the earth under lime-trees. Cup 4 to 7 lines broad. Name — Indiscretus, not distinguished, or resembling many others. North Wootton, Norfolk ! (Mr. 0. B. Plowright). C. SPOEIDIA, ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH. 41. Peziza vesiculosa. Bull. Cup large, entire, sessile, at first globose, somewhat uirbinate, then expanded and campanulate ; hymenium pallid-brown ; margin connivent, somewhat crenate ; externally furfuraceous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 — 22 X 12/i; paraphyses linear, en- larged upwards. Peziza vesiculosa — Bull., "Champ.," t. 457, f. 1 • Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 52 ; Grev., « Sc. Crypt. Flo./' t. 107; Sow, t. 4; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 188; Kickx, "Flo. Flan," 494; Karst, "Myco. Fenn.," p. 52; Cooke, 71 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES " Handbk," 1980 ; " Mycogr," f. 242 ; Pat., p. 169, f. 373. Helvetia vesiculosa — Bolt., t. 175. Peziza ly coper dioides — D. C., " Flo. Fr.," ii. 87 (partly). Puslularia vesiculosa — Fckl., " Symb. Myco," p. 329 ; Sacc., " Myco. Yen. Sp.," p. 167. Aleuria vesiculosa — Gill., "Champ.," p. 45. c. i. Exs.— Karst, "Fung. Fenn.," 818; Phi]., "Elv. Brit.," 13; "Erb. Grit. Ital," 773; Sacc., "Myco. Yen.," 733. On the ground, rich soil, manure heaps, rotten leaves, etc. Spring and autumn. Cup 1 to 3 inches broad, often csespitose, sometimes repand. The base of the cup is very fleshy, and frequently projected into a short thick stem, covered with abundant white mycelium ; the hymenium has a tendency to separate itself from the flesh of the cup at the bottom. Name — Vesicula, a little bladder. Midlands (Purton). Bungay (D. Stock). Fulham (Herb. Kew). Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Paddington (Herb. Ke v\. Pen-y-gwyrd, North Wales ! Church Stretton ! Minsterley, Salop ! on manure in my garden ! Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Near Bristol (Mr. Spencer Perceval). 42. Peziza cerea. Sow. Cups large, gregarious, csespitose, infundibuliform, repand, fleshy, very fragile ; hymenium yellowish ; ex- ternally furfuraceous, whitish, with a villous stem-like base ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 X 9/i ; paraphyses linear, enlarged upwards. Peziza cerea — Sow., "Fung.," t. 3; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 52 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. 188 ; Berk., " Outl," p. 363 ; Price, fig. 80 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 1979 ; " Mycogr.," 244 ; Karst., "Myco. Fenn." p. 54; Bull, "Champ.," t. 44; Weinm, "Hym.," 117; Kickx, "Crypt. Flan.," p. 495. Plicaria cerea — Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," p. 327. Peziza vesiculosa, var. cerea — Rehm, " Asco," 201. Aleuria cerea — Gill., " Champ," p. 44. Exs.— Fckl, " F. Rh," 1225 ; Rehm, " Asco," No. 201. On tan beds, on the ground amongst leaves, etc. Spring. PEZIZA. 75 Cup 1 to 3 inches broad. It resembles Peziza vesiculosa, from which it differs in its more fragile * O texture, and rather smaller sporidia. Name — Cereus, like wax ; from the beeswax colour. Uffington ; Coed Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Twy- cross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Glamis (Rev. J. Stevenson). Forres (Rev. Dr. Keith). On tan, North Wootton ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Lucllow, on tan (Mrs. Price). 43. Peziza bufonia. Pers. Cup hemispherical, often fragile ; liymenium bright brown, externally warty, of the same colour ; margin entire or laterally incised ; stem short, rooting, becoming pallid ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia S, elliptic, smooth, 20 — 24 X 10 — 12/1 ; paraphyses filiform, clavate apices. Peziza bufonia — Pers., "Myco. Eur.," p. 225; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 54; Berk., Gard. C/u'on., Jan. 13, I860 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1154, t. 3, f. 12 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1982 ; " Micogr.," fig. 292. In moist woods, and on rubbish heaps. Autumn. A fine species, agreeing in size and colour with Peziza umbrina ; externally rough with conical warts, opaque, and of a dingy earth-colour, somewhat resembling P. vesculosa, but distinguished by the brown hymenium and verrucose cup. Sporidia '00075 — '0008 inches (B. and Br.). Name — Bufo, a toad ; warted like a toad. Grantham (Mr. AY. Summerby). SUBGENUS VIII. — GEOSCYPHA. Cooke. Cup entire, or lobed, sessile, externally even, sub- pruinose, sometimes quite smooth. (Plate IV. fig. 18.) Name — 7^, the earth, a\v(j>og, a cup. ARRANGEMENT OP THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia elliptic, asperate . . . . species 44-45 B. Sporidia elliptic, smooth . . . . . . „ 46-57 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 1. 2. 3. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Sporidia ruugh ; hymenium umber-brown Sporidia rough ; hymenium livid-purple Sporidia smooth Hymeuium black, perforated Hymenium pale buff; margin of cup dentate Hymeuium purplish or violet Hymeuium some shade of brown Hymenium livid-purple; sporidia oblong-elliptic; paraph yses linear Hymenium livid-purple ; sporidia elliptic ; para- physes clavate 'Hymeuium purplish-blue; sporidia elliptic; para- physes slender, subclavate Hymenium varying from yellowish to purple ; . sporidia elliptic ; paraphyses stout, clavate Hymenium pale ochraceous ; paraphyses linear . . Hymenium pale ochraceous ; paraphyses clavate . . Hymenium ochraceous; paraphyses subclavate ; grow- ing on wood.. Hymenium cinnamon ; paraphyses linear Hymenium blackish-brown ; paraphyses clavate, not branched Hymenium blackish-brown ; paraphyses pyriform and branched brunneo-atra. lividula. 1 cribrosa. subrepanda. 2 3 purpurascens. exidiiformis. violacea. undata. tectoria. viridaria. mellea. ampliata. sepiatia. sterigmatizans. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, ASPERATE. 44. Peziza lividula. Phil. Cup obconical, becoming expanded, at length appla- nate, fleshy, glabrous, livid-purple or fuliginous ; margin entire ; hymenium convex, undulating ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, asperate, 18 — 20 X 10/u ; paraphyses septate, clavate at the apices. (Plate IV. fig. 18.) Peziza lividula — Phil, in Cooke's " Mycogr.," fig. 277. On the ground in damp spots. Autumn. Name — Lividus, lead-colour ; somewhat lead-colour. Near Shrewsbury ! 45. Peziza brunneo-atra. Desm. Cup sessile, solitary, largish, nearly plane, entire, fleshy, fragile, smooth, brown-black ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, ovate, subhyaline, minutely asperate, 20 X 10/i ; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Peziza brunneo-atra — Desm., " Crypt. Fr./' i. 826 ; PEZIZA. 77 "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1836, iii. 244; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 1157, t. 4, f. 18 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2006 ; ' Mycogr.," fig. 78. Aleuria brunneo-atra — Gill., " Champ./' p. 53, c. i. Exs.— Desm., « Crypt. Fr.," i. 826, ii. 26. On the ground. Spring. Name — Brunneus, deep brown, and ater, black. Leigh Woods, near Bristol! (Mr. C. E. Broome and Mr. Spencer Perceval). B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH. 46. Peziza purpurascens. Pers. Cup sessile, campanulate, then expanded, conically attenuated to the base, livid-purple, glabrous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elongate-elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 20 — 22 X 7'Ofj. ; paraphyses filiform, thickened upwards. Peziza purpurascens — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 242, 1. 12, f. 10; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 65; Gonn. and Rabh., Myco. Eur.," t. 3, f. 3 ; Cooke, " Grevillea," v. p. 60 ; 'Mycogr.," fig. 276. Aleuria purpurascens — Gill., " Champ.," p. 48, c. i. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ii. 543. On the ground. Autumn. Cup i to 1 inch broad. The sporidia are fusiform. Name— Purpuracens, inclining to purple. Shrewsbury ! King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 47. Peziza tectoria. Cooke. Cup sessile or substipitate, globose, afterwards ex- panded, applanate; hymenium plane, subumbilicate, pallid- ochraceous ; externally whitish, furfuraceous, becoming smooth ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 — 20 X 9 — 10//; paraphyses filiform. Peziza tectoria — Cooke in "Grevillea," iii. p. 119; ' Mycogr.," fig. 263; Phil., "Trans. Woolhope Club," 1876, p. 224, with figure. On damp plaster walls. Summer and autumn. 78 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. At first appearing as a small white furfuraccous ball, seated on a white mycelium, J of an inch broad; when old becoming irregular, If inches broad, margin split and jagged. Name — Tectus, the roof; from its habitat. Dwelling-house, Shrewsbury ! Union Workhouse, Shrewsbury ! Herefordshire County Asylum ! (Dr. Chap- man). Edinburgh, on timber in a house that had been burnt down (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Botanical Gardens, Edin- burgh ; and Epping (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Marlborough (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 48. Peziza ampliata. Pers. Cup sessile, fleshy, fragile, thin, expanding directly from the base, nearly cinnamon, externally pallid, nearly smooth ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 X 19jii; paraphyses linear, slightly thickened upwards. Peziza ampliata — Pers., " Icon, et Descr.," p. 31, t. 3, f. 4; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 76; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 384. Aleuria ampliata — Gill., " Champ./' p. 47. On rotting wood and bark of oak, poplar, etc. Autumn and winter. Cup \ an inch to 1 inch or more broad. Name — Amplio, to enlarge ; widened out. Near Hereford ! Guildford ! (Mr. Thomas Howse). Cawdor Castle, N.B. ! Hanham Woods, near Bristol ; Kew Gardens (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 49. Peziza mellea. Cooke and Plow. Cup solitary, sessile, hemispherical, glabrous, be- coming applanate, ochraceous ; margin incurved ; hyme- nium honey-coloured ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 X llju; paraphyses slightly clavate at the apices. Peziza mellea — Cooke and Plow., " Grevillea," v. 119 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 383. On decaying ash. Cup about 6 lines broad; the margin of the cups PEZIZA. 79 slightly elevated and curved inwards ; disc honey-coloured or cream-coloured, externally darker. Name — Mel, honey ; from the colour. King's Lynn (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 50. Peziza undata. Smith. Cup medium size, stipitate, rooting, fleshy ; hyme- nium slightly concave, afterwards expanded, then re- flexed, generally corrugated, yellowish, buff, grey, purple, or pallid ; asci cylindrical ; sporiclia 8, elliptic, smooth, 10 X o/uL ; paraphyses stout, enlarged upwards. Peziza undata — Smith in "Grevillea," i. p. 136, t. 10 figs. 1, 2 ; " Grevillea," iii. fig. 44 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 279. On stems of tree ferns. May. Cup J to f of an inch broad. Name — Unda, a wave ; waved. Veitch's Nursery, Chelsea (Mr. W. G. Smith). 51. Peziza sepiatra. Cooke. Cups sessile or substipitate, gregarious, hemispherical, soon expanded, becoming applanate ; hymenium plane, umbilicate, blackish-brown, margins lightly elevated ; externally umber-brown, subfurfuraceous ; asci cylin- drical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 — 22 X llju; para- physes clavate at the apices. Peziza sepiatra — Cooke in "Grevillea," iii. 119, fig. 135 ; " Mycogr.," fig. 261. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," 184; Phil, " Elv. Brit.," 105. On the ground in damp, shady places ; on road- scrapings, etc. Spring. Cup J an inch broad, often less, rather brittle. The margin is minutely crenulated, incurved, and paler than the disc. The cells forming the exterior of the cup are 30/z diameter. Name — Sepia, a pigment, ater, black ; brownish black. Shelton Rough, Shrewsbury ! Baschurch, Salop ! EJenbury Churchyard, near Bristol (Mr. Spencer Perceval). SO BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Forres, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Epping and Highgate (Dr. M. 0. Cooke). 52. Peziza subrepanda. Cooke and Phil. Cups scattered or gregarious, patelliform, fleshy, pale buff ; externally paler, farinaceous ; margin dentate ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 X 9/z ; para- physes filiform, scarcely thickened above. Peziza subrepanda — Cooke and Phil., " Mycogr.," fig. 260. On the ground, charcoal beds, etc. Cup scarcely \ an inch broad, very neat and delicate, pale fleshy tan colour, with a regular dentate margin. Name — Sub and repand, bent back; somewhat bent back. Near Shrewsbury ! wood near Ludlow ! 53. Peziza sterigmatizans. Phil. Cup sessile, concave, becoming expanded and repand, variously contorted, black-brown ; margin crenulated ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 X 9 /a ; paraphyses stout, septate, apices clavate, forked, shortly branched, hyaline. Peziza sterigmatizans — Phil., Cooke's " Mycogr.," fig. 304 On damp ground. Autumn. Cup scarcely an inch broad ; paraphyses thick, sep- tate, clavate at the tips, either furcate above, or with short lateral branches or bud-like processes. Name — arripiyfia, a support; the paraphyses being like sterigmata. On the side of a damp ditch, Shrewsbury ! 54. Peziza cribrosa. Grev. Cup solitary, black, concave, attenuated downward, rugulose ; hymenium full of lacerated irregular pores ; margin entire ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, hyaline, smooth, 20 X 8 — 9/u ; paraphyses septate, clavate apices. PEZIZA. 81 Peziza cribrosa — Grev., "Flo. Edin.," 423; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 381. Helotium cribrosum — Berk., Cooke's " Handbk." ii. 713. On the ground in sandy or gravelly places amongst short grass. Autumn. Large, J to 1 inch broad, hemispherical, at length partly spreading, but always deeply concave, wholly black, but deeper within, somewhat rugose at the base externally ; margin entire, even (Grev., I. c.). Name — Cribrum, a sieve ; from the pitted hymenium. Balmuto, near Edinburgh (Dr. Greville). Between Inverness and the west coast (Dr. Greville and Dr. Hooker in 1821). 55. Peziza exidiiformis. B. and Br. Cups gregarious, orbicular, lurid purple ; margin elevated, inflexed ; hymenium cribrose ; stem incrassated upwards ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 17 X lO/z ; paraphyses subclavate at the apices. Peziza exidiiformis — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1480 ; " Grevillea," iii. 120 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 60. On silver sand and rotten wood. March. Cup 2 lines or more wide ; contracting very much when dry. Name — Exidia, a genus of fungi, forma, form ; from its likeness to an Exidia. Cork (Mr. D. Saunders). Stannage Park, Radnor- shire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Glamis, N.B. (Rev. J. Stevenson). 5G. Peziza violacea. Pers. Cups gregarious, fleshy, glabrous, at first globose, then campanulate, purplish blue, orbicular, regular, with a *thick stem-like base ; margin spreading, entire, sub- repand ; externally pallid, whitish at the base ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 12 — 14 x 7 — 9^ \ paraphyses slightly clavate at the apices. Peziza violacea— fers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 639; Fries, G 82 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. " Sys. Myco.," ii. 65 ; Karat., "Mon. Fez.," p. 116 ; Karst, "Myco. Fenn.," 57; Nyl., "Fez. Fenn.," 14 ; Gonn. and Rabh., " Myco. Bur.," iii. t. 3, f. 2 ; " GreviUea ," iii. fig. 34 ; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 278. Aleuria violacea — Gill., " Champ.," p. 47. Exs.— Karat., " Fung. Fenn.," 455. On the ground. May to October. Cups about 3 lines broad. Name — Violaceus, of a violet colour. Monkstown, Dublin ! (Mr. Greenwood Pirn). 57. Peziza viridaria. B. and Br. Cup sessile, globose, then hemispherical, at length expanded, watery-grey ; externally rough with brown furfuraceous particles ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, smooth, 12 x 6 '5^; paraphyses clavate at the apices, and filled with brown granules. Peziza viridaria — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 555; Berk., " Outl.," 364; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1988; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 262. On damp walls and water-butts. Autumn and winter. Cup J to J an inch broad, pale watery-brown, or cinereous, sessile, springing from a white cottony effused stratum. Name — Viridarium, a greenhouse ; from its habitat. Wall of a greenhouse, King's Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Clifton, near Bristol ! (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). SUBGENUS IX. — HUMARIA. Cups sessile, entire, hemispherical, then flattened, rather thick, fleshy, mostly highly coloured. (Plates IV. V. figs. 19-22.) Name — Humus, moist earth ; from the usual habitat. ARRANGEMENT OP THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia globose. (a) Epispore reticulated. . .. .. species 58-59 (6) Epispore spinulose . . . . . . „ GO . . species 61 „ 62-65 „ 66-69 „ 70-92 • . I* yo— y / 3. 4. 6. PEZIZA. (c) Epispore echinulate . . (d) Epispore smooth B. Sporidia elliptic. (a) Epispore asperate . . (6) Epispore smooth C. Sporidia subfusiform. (a) Epispore smooth . . . . . . „ KEY TO THE SPECIES. Sporidia globose Sporidia elliptic Sporidia fusiform (Sporidia rough (Sporidia smooth Sporidia reticulated ; margin of cup white. . Sporidia reticulated ; margin same colour as disc. . Sporidia spinulose Sporidia warted Hymenium yellowish-vermilion ; margin crenulate Hymenium vermilion ; margin entire Hymeuium violet Hymenium brown (Spuridia rough . . \Sporidia smooth Hymenium vinous-brown ; cup sessile ; paraphyses purple Hymenium red-brown ; cup substipitate ; para- physes orange-red Hymenium orange-red ; cup externally pallid (.Hymeuium orange-red ; cup externally pale brown f Hymeuium flesh-red j Hymenium dull salmon-colour j Hymenium bright salmon-colour «( Hymenium scarlet | Hymenium yellow j Hymenium brown iHymenium green Margin fimbriate ; 83 paraphyses branched, yellow . . paraphyses branched, orange-red paraphyses unbranched, yellow 9. 10. Margin fimbriate ; Margin fimbriate Margin entire . . (Exterior of cup brown ; hymen inm orange-red < Exterior of cup pale, subfribillose ( Exterior of cup blood-red, glabrous Margin of cup obtuse, glabrous Margin of cup ciliated with white deciduous hairs Margin of cup granular Margin of cup crenulate ! Paraphyses linear, curved; exterior of cup dark brown Paraphyses clavate, straight ; exterior of cup yel- lowish-brown 1 4 14 2 3 Crouani. Ixtirubra. asperior. Wriglitii. PolytricM. constellatio. violacens. schizospora. 5 6 Phillipsii. vivida. rutilans. Chateri. maurilabra. K< itliii. salmonicolor. 7 9 12 JungermanniX: axillaris. leucoloma. pi! if era. 8 macrocystis. >'oicerbei. humosa. convexula. ascoboloides 10 11 xanihomela. graniilata. 84 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 11. 12. 13. Paraphyses clavate, branched ; exterior of cup dark brown . . . . . . . . . . lechetliina, Paraphyses linear, nut branched : exterior of cup pale ochre . . . . . . . . . . . . semi-immersa. Paraphyses linear, not branched; exterior of cup orange-yellow . . . . . . . . . . glumarum. Margin of cup dentate ; paraphys.es clavate, brown hepatica. Margin of cup granular ; paraphyses linear . . cervaria. Margin of cup glabrous . . . . . . 13 Paraphyses much branched ; cells of cup very small misturx. Paraphyses not branched, clavate, dirty yellow . . Ooeardii. Paraphyses not branched, clavate, brown . . . . depressa. Paraphyses absent; cells of cup very large. . .. bovina. Paraphyses linear, curved; cups hemispherical, scattered . . . . . . . . . . coralllna. ' Paraphyses linear, curved ; cups turbinate, crowded Eoumegueri. Paraphyses clavate . . . . . . . . 15 Externally slightly granulose . . . . . . carbonigena. 15. Externally toinentose . . . . . . . . fusispora. Pubescent towards the margin . . . . . . ollaris. A. SPORIDIA GLOBOSE. (a) Epispore reticulate. 58. Peziza Crouani. Cooke. Cup scarlet, fleshy, glabrous, urceolate, becoming hemispherical ; hymenium applanate ; margin membra- naceous, reflexed, whitish ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, reticulated, 16 — 18/x; paraphyses filiform, simple or forked, thickened towards the apices. (Plate IV. fig. 19.) Peziza Crouani — Cooke in •' Grevillea," iii. fig. 61 ; " Mycogr.," fig. 17. Peziza Polytrichi — Karst., " Mvco. Fenn.," p. 62; Nyl., "Fez. Fenn.," p. 22. Ascobolus Crouani — Cooke, "Jour. Bot.," 1864, f . 3 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1085, t. 16, f. 26; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2198. Lamprospora miniata — De Not., " Disc.," p. 34. Ascobolus miniatus — Crouan, " Ann. Sc. Nat./' 1858, x. p. 197, t. 13, f. 44-47 (non Preuss) : Currey "Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p. 495, t. 51, fig. 19. Crouani miniata — FckL, " Symb. Myco.," p. 320 ; Pat., p. 39, f. 96. Aleuria Crouani — Gill., " Champ.," p. 50, c. i. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 285, ii. 192 ; FckL, " F. Rh.," 1853; Rabh., "Fung. Eur," 658 and 1624. PEZIZA. 85 On the earth amongst mosses, and on the tops of walls. Spring and autumn. Cup 3 to 5 lines broad. Name — After M. Crouan. Slate quarry, Wivelscombe ; Ilforcl, Essex (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Ascot (Mr.'C. E. Broome). Shere, Surrey; Chichester; Exeter (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Clifton, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Garden wall, Shrewsbury : Hampstead Canal, near Birmingham (Mr. W. B. Grove). 59. Peziza Icetmibra. Cooke. Cups gregarious, sessile, concave, becoming applanate, entire, glabrous, marginate, cinnabarine, colour unchange- able ; asci cylindrical, stipitate ; sporidia 8, globose, guttulate, hyaline, epispore reticulated, 16 — 18/x; para- physes filiform, filled with orange granules. Peziza Icetirubra — Cooke in " Grevillea," iii. f. 56 ; " Mycogr.," f. 20. Crouania cinnabarina — Fckl.,"Symb. Myc.," App. ii. 64? (non Peziza cinnabarina — Schw.). On sandy soil. Cup \ to 1 line broad ; epispore very faintly re- ticulated. Name — Lcetus, bright or cheerful, ruber, red ; bright red. AVootton Heath, near King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plow- right). (b) Epispore spinulose. 60. Peziza asperior. NyL Scattered, vermilion-tawny, applanate ; externally covered with short brown hairs; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, spherical or subspherical, epispore rough with papillae, 20 — 22^; paraphyses slightly clavate at the apices. Peziza asperior — NyL, " Fez. Fenn.," p. 21 ; Karst., "Hon. Fez," 128; " Myco. Fenn.," p. 75 (ex. syn.) ; " Grevillea," iii. f. 216 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," f. 51 ; Grove's ."Jour. Bot.," 1885, p. 133. Exs.— Rehm, " Asco., No. 3. 86 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On damp earth. Autumn. Name — Asper, rough ; rough-spored. Between Hampton and Berkswell, Warwickshire ! (Mr. W. B. Grove). (c) Epispore echinulate. 61. Peziza Wrightii. Berk, and Curtis. Cups scattered, sessile, hemispherical, becoming plane, scarlet; externally furfuraceo-granulated ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, subglobose, at first smooth, afterwards be- coming echinulate, 10 — 11/u; paraphyses filiform, branched, apices clavate. Peziza Wrightii — Berk, and Curtis, " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1064, t. xv. fig. 16; Cooke, " Handbk." No. 2002; " Grevillea," iii. t. 30, figs. 58, 62 ; " Mycogr," fig. 18. On trunks of trees covered with Hypnum serpens. March. Cup J to 1 line broad. Name— After Mr. C. Wright. Bodelwyddan, Flintshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). (d) Epispore smooth, (a) Hymenium vermilion. 62. Peziza constellatio. B. and Br. Cups scattered, sessile, rather fleshy, glabrous, con- cave, becoming applanate, vermilion, margin entire ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, globose, smooth, 13 — 14/z; paraphyses linear, curved apices, filled with orange granules. Peziza constellatio — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1620; Cooke, "Grevillea," iv. p. 110; "Mycogr.," tig. 81 ; Pat., p. 169, f. 372. Peziza humosa — Rehm, "Asco.," No. 4 (nee Fries). Aleuria constellatio — Gill., " Champ.," p. 207. Exs.— Rehm, " Asco.," No. 4 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 652. On the ground. PEZIZA 87 Cups 4 to 1 line broad. Name — Con, together, stella, a star; like groups of stars. Wrotham (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Doward Rocks, Herefordshire ! (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Cram's Hill, Glamis, N.B. ! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Near Hereford ! 63. Peziza Polytr'ichi. Schum. Cup subsessile, orbicular, a little concave, cinnabarine ; externally paler, clothed with fasciculate flocci ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, globose, smooth, 11 — 13/x ; para- physes filiform, filled with orange-red granules. Peziza Polytrichi— Schum., " Saell," p. 423 ; " Flo. Dan.," t. 1916, f. 1 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 70 (non Karsten nee Nylander) ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 50. Peziza leucoloma — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," 63(?). Aleur'm polytrichi — Gill., " Champ.," p. 50. On the ground amongst Polytrichum. Summer and autumn. Cup 1J to 3 lines broad. Name — Polytrichum, a genus of mosses ; from the habitat. On Tortula rigida, on a wall, Buckingham ! (Mr. E. M. Holmes). (/3) Hymenium red, becoming broivn. 64. Peziza sckizospora. Phil. Cups gregarious, sessile, urceolate, then applanate, red, becoming brown, externally pruinose ; asci cylindri- cal ; sporidia 8, globose, guttulate, smooth, 12^u ; para- physes filiform, summits clavate, filled with red granules. Peziza schizospora — Phil, in " Grevillea," iii. fig. 59 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 80. On burnt sandy soil. Autumn. Cup 2 to 3 lines broad. The nucleus of the sporidia becomes free when the epispore is ruptured. The external cells of the cup differ from those of P. hinnulea (B. and Br.), and it has not any short hairs as that species has. 88 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — o-\££w, to cleave, viropa, a seed ; from the splitting of the epispore. Wrekin, Salop ! (y) Hymenium violet. 65. Peziza violascens. Cooke. Cup subhemispherical, brownish -violet, whitish at the base, furnished with pallid rooting fibres ; hymenium violet, plane, or a little convex; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, globose, uniguttulate, smooth, 8 — 9/* ; paraphyses filiform, apices curved. Peziza violascens — Cooke in " Mycogr.," fig. 83. Ascobolus Persoonii — Crouan, " Flo. Fin.," p. 56. Alewria violasctns — Gill., " Champ.," p. 49 ; Boud., " Ascob./' p. 67. On damp sandy ground amongst moss. Cup 2J to 3 lines broad, fleshy, glabrous, margin entire. Name- - FioZa, a violet; approaching a violet colour. Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC. (a) Epispore asperate. (a) Hymenium reddish-brown. 66. Peziza vivida. Nyl. Cups substipitate, gregarious or scattered, fleshy, cup-shaped, rather deeply excavated, reddish-brown, externally paler, flocculose ; margin entire, acute ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, very minutely granulate, 23 X 12/i; paraphyses septate, apices clavate, tilled with red granules. Peziza vivida— Nyl in " Flora," 1865, p. 476 ; " Fez. Fenn.," p. 22; Gonn. and Rabh., "Myco. Eur.," iii. t. 4, f. 3; "Grevillea," iii. p. 120, fig. 80; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 53. Peziza Pofo/£ricAi- -Rabh., "Herb. Myco.," ii. p. 310. Aleuria vivida — Gill., "Champ.," p. 54. PEZIZA. 89 Exs.— Rabh., "Herb. Myco.," ii. 310. Amongst moss. Cup 2| lines broad. When detached from the moss and soil, the base is often extended into a stem. Name — Vividus, lively; from the lively colour. Wiltshire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Rannoch, N.B. (Dr. Buchanan White). (j3) Hymenium orange-yellow. 67. Peziza rutilans. Fries. Cups sessile or substipitate, gregarious, campanulate, then expanded ; hyineniurn orange-yellow, externally paler, slightly pubescent ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, very minutely granulated, 26 X ll/i ; paraphyses septate, apices clavate, rilled with red granules. (Plate IV. iig. 20.). Peziza rutilans — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 68 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1904 ; " Grevillua," iii. tig. 74 ; "Mycogr.," tig. 57 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn./' p. 45. Alewria rutilans —Gill., " Champ.," p. 53, c. i. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," 475, ii. 188 ; Fckl., " F. Rh.," 1222; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 15; Rourng, "Fung. Gal.," 774. On the ground amongst moss. Autumn. Cup ^ to \ an inch broad. Name — Rutilo, to be reddish. Hanham, Chislehurst, Blackheath (Rev. M. J. Berke- ley). Epping (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Lynwilg, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Wrekiii and Haughmond HilJs, Shrews- bury ! Hymenium orange-red. 68. Peziza Chateri. Smith. Cup sessile, concave, afterwards expanded; hyme- nium orange-red ; externally pale brown ; margin in- curved ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, asperate, 12 X 5/*; paraphyses thickened towards the apices. 90 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Peziza Chateri — W. G. Smith in Gard. Chron., 1872, p. 9, with figure; "Jour. Bot." 1872, p. 86; "Grevillea," i. p. 120, t. 8, figs. 1, 2, vol. iii. fig. 68; "Mycogr.," fig. 62. Exs.— Kabh., "Fung. Bur./' 1517. On the ground. Cup 2 to 6 lines broad, composed of clavate, pale brown, septate cells, whose tips give a granulated ap- pearance to the outer surface, which is without hairs (Smith, I. c.). Name— After Mr. J. J. Chater. On road-earth, Cambridge (Mr. J. J. Chater). Whit- cliffe Bay, Isle of Wight ! (Mr. T. Howse). (§) Hymenium vinous-black. 69. Peziza Phillipsii. Cooke. Cups sessile, scattered, fleshy, cupulate, afterwards expanded, externally fuliginous, rough with granules ; hynienium vinous-black, plane ; margin sometimes crenu- late ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, attenuated at each end, verrucose, 25 X 11/x; paraphyses septate, apices clavate, purple. Peziza Phillipsii — Cooke in " Mycogr.," fig. 88. Ascobolus amethystinus — Phil, (in part), " Grevillea," iv. p. 84. On damp sandy ground. October. Cup 2 to 4 lines broad. Found mixed with Asco- bolus amethystinus (Phil.). It differs from that species in the deeper vinous disc ; in the intense amethystine colour of the gelatina-hymenia ; the cylindrical and longer indehiscent asci ; larger and more fusiform sporidia, which are more coarsely warted, and never coloured ; in the shorter paraphyses, and other points, so that there is not the slightest ground for the supposition that one is any form or condition of the other, except in their growing together (Cooke, I. c.). Name — After W. Phillips. Near Shrewsbury ! PEZIZA. 91 Epispore smooth, (a) Hymenium, some shade of red. 70. Peziza mzcrocystis. Cooke. Cups sessile, gregarious or scattered, cup-shaped, at length applanate ; hymenium concave, orange-red ; margin entire, elevated ; externally brown, glabrous, or slightly granulose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblongo-elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 20 X 9/x ; paraphyses clavate apices, filled with orange granules. Peziza macrocystis — Cooke in "Mycogr.," fig. 63. Peziza subhirsuta, var. macrocystis — Cooke in " Gre- villea" i. 129. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit," 59; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 651. On burnt ground. Autumn. Cup 1 to 2 lines broad. The external cells of the cup are very large. It is otherwise very near P. subhirsuta. Name — //a/cpoc, large, KUOT • • •• • • • • jParapbyses linear, stout; hymenium orange-red Paraphyses clavate ; hymenium orange-yellow Paraphyses subclavate ; hymeninm salmon-colour iParaphyses unknown Hymeniuin blood-red Hymenium yellowish .. .. .. 1 Pegotii. omphalodes. subhirsuta. domestica. 2 h&ma stigma. argillacta. 106 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. A. CUPS GLABROUS FROM THE FIRST. 98. Peziza omphalodes. Bull. Cups sessile, crowded, often confluent, slightly convex or plane, orange-red or orange-yellow, seated on a fuga- ceous white tomentum ; asci subcylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, eguttulate, smooth, 12 x 5 — 6/u ; para- physes filiform, stout. (Plate V. fig. 22.) Peziza omphalodes — Bull., " Champ.," p. 264 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 73 ; Karst, " Mon. Fez," 120 ; " Myco. Fenn," p. 48 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2004 ; " Mycogr," fig. 65 ; " Grevillea," iii. f. 50. Pyronema omphalodes- Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," 319. Pyronema Marianum- Carus, " Nov. Act. N. 0.," xvii. 370. Pyronema conftuens -Tul, "Carp.," iii. 197. Aleuria omphalodes — Gill., " Champ," p. 48, c. i. Exs.— Karst, "Fung. Fenn.," 256; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," 267, 708 ; Sacc., " Myco. Yen," 268 ; Desm, " Crypt. Fr," i. 428 ; Fckl, " F. Rh.," 1218 ; Cooke, « Fung. Brit," 326 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit," 109. On burnt ground and cinder heaps. Summer and autumn. Cup J to 1 line broad. It spreads in irregular patches, often covering a considerable space of ground where charcoal has been burnt. The white mycelium is conspicuous when the growth is recent ; later on traces can generally be detected round the base of the cups. Name — o/a^aXo^, the navel, ttSoy, appearance ; from the depressed centre. Buckingham Forest, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). King's Cliffe. Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berke- ley). King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Bristol (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). Bred ward ine, Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Caer Caradoc ! Wrekin ! Shrewsbury, in my garden ! Whitcliffe, Ludlow ! o 99. Peziza Piggotii. B. and Br. Cup hemispherical or cyathiform, slightly concave, fleshy, firm ; hymenium pale brick-red, externally paler ; FEZIZA. 107 seated on a downy white tapesium ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, uniguttulate, smooth, 14 — 16 x 8 — 9ju ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza Piggotii--'B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 769 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2067. On plaster ceilings. Mycelium white, downy, but not spreading very widely, running up the base of the hemispherical or cyathiform cups, which are about 2 lines broad ; margin generally acute (B. and Br.). This is quite distinct from P. domestica, being larger and firmer in texture, and it has different sporidia. Name — After Mr. H. Piggot. Chelmsford (H. Piggot, Esq., in Herb. Berk.). 100. Pezha hcemastigma. (Hedw.) Cups sessile, convex, immarginate, smooth, pale blood- red ; asci cylindraceo-clavate, or clavate ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, smooth, '20 x 10^ ; paraphyses not seen. Peziza hoemastigma — Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 74; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1159, t 4, f. 20; Sturm, xxxiii. t 11; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2008; " Mycogr.," fig. 70. Octospora ficeTnastigma — Hedw., " Mus. Frond.," t. 5, f. E. On whitewashed walls. Cup J of a line broad. Asci short, oblong, sub- el a vate ; sporidia biseriate, nearly globose. Name — cu/ua, blood, orry/ua, a point ; forming blood- like spots. Pen-y-Gwryd, North Wales (Mr. C. E. Broome). B. CUPS AT FIRST CLOTHED WITH SLENDER FUGACEOUS HAIRS. 101. Peziza domestica. Sow. Cups sessile, gregarious, or densely crowded, at first wart-like, then conical or subcylindrical, at length cyathi- form, fleshy, salmon-coloured, clothed with slender de- ciduous hairs, and seated on a fugaceous white tomentum ; 108 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 X 8/u ; paraphyses filiform, numerous. Peziza domestica — Sow., "Fung.," t. 351; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 199 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2066 ; Phil, and Plow, "Grevillea," vi. p. 23. Peziza pluvialis — Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 90. Exs.— Phil, "Elv. Brit," No. 113. On damp plaster walls and ceilings, on damp paper ; also on burnt ground. Name — Domus, a house ; from the habitat. Eastbourne ! (Mr. C. J. Miller). King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Clifton, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Shrewsbury ! Chichester (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Cup very minute, hardly ^ a line broad. The colour varies from reddish-brown to pale orange-flesh or salmon- colour ; the hairs are very fugaceous. Sowerby's figure represents the cups as coated with rigid brown hairs, but no such hairs are to be seen in his original specimen, which by the kindness of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley I have been permitted to examine. 102. Peziza subhirsuta. Schum. Cups sessile, gregarious, nearly plane, orange-yellow, externally paler, clothed with a few white scattered, almost obsolete hairs ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 — 20 X lju; paraphyses clavate at the apices, filled with red granules. Peziza subhirsuta — Schum, " Flo. Dan," t. 1787, f. 2 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 70 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1156, t. 3, f. 14; Karat., "Myco. Fenn," p. 65; Cooke, "Handbk.," 1999; "Mycogr," fig. 66; " Grevillea," iii. f. 52. Pyronema subhirsutum — Fckl , " Symb. Myco," 320. A leuria subhirsuta— Gill, « Champ.," p. 49. Exs.— Desm, "Crypt. Fr," i. 462; Fckl, "F. Rh," 1220. On the ground in damp places. Autumn. Cup 1 to 2 lines broad. Name — Sub, somewhat, hirsutus, hairy. PEZIZA 109 Forres ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Glamis ! (Rev. J. Steven- son). Roslin, Epping, and Eastbourne (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Attingham Park, Shrewsbury ! C. MARGIN FUKNISHED WITH VERY DELICATE SHORT BLACK HAIRS. 103. Peziza melaloma. A. and S. Cups sessile, crowded, at first concave, then nearly plane, orbicular, or nexuose, dingy orange ; margin fur- nished with very delicate black fasciculate hairs ; asci subcylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 15 — 18 X 10/z ; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Pezizcu melaloma — A. and S., " Consp," p. 336, t. 2, f. 5 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. G9 ; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 190 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 88 ; Karst, " Myco. Fenn," p. 66; Nyl, "Fez. Fenn," p. 16; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1995; « Mycogr," fig. 67; " Grevillea ," iii. p. 53 ; Pat, p. 122, f. 275 (?). Pyronema melalomum -Fckl, " Syrnb. Myco," 319. Aleuria melaloma — Gill, " Champ," p. 54, c. i. Exs.— Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 550; Rabh, « Funo-. Eur.," 723; Fckl, "F. Rh," 1221; Rehm, "Asco.," 715. Cup 2 lines broad. The so-called "very delicate black hairs " with which the margin is furnished are, in the British form at least, merely prominent blackish brown cells, not hairs. On the ground, especially where fire has been. Autumn. Name — ju£\a^, black, Xw/m, a border ; black-margined. Coed Coch ; Wraxall, Somersetshire ; Ascot ; Orton Longueville (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Glamis, N.B. (Rev. J. Stevenson). Lilleshall ! and Caer Caradoc, Salop ! Kew Gardens ! (Dr. M. C. Cooke). D. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 104. Peziza argillacea. Sow. Sessile, yellowish, even, at first urceolate, at length cracked and torn, rooting at the base, and hairy. 110 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Peziza argillacea — Sow., " Fung./' t. 148 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 66; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 190; Cooke's " Handbk.," 1992. On modelling clay. Occasionally on common black modelling clay, where, to the artist, it is a troublesome intruder, it being gene- rally necessary to work the part again to get rid of it. It is held to the clay by very fine attenuated cobweb- like fibres from the sides, as it were, to assist the little knotty root (Sowerby). The Rev. M. J. Berkeley, in whose possession Sowerby's original specimens were, kindly gave me some of the modelling clay on which the Peziza had grown, but the Peziza had long since disappeared. On the surface of the clay, when it came into my hands, were a number of small, hard, seed-like bodies partly imbedded, around some of which was a growth of mould giving them the appearance of Sowerby's figure. I have kept the clay damp under a bell-glass for some years, but no Peziza has appeared. GENUS II.— PSILOPEZIA. Berk., " Outl.," p. 373. Indeterminate, immarginate, agglutinate ; hyinenium always exposed. (Plate V. fig. 23.) The typical representative of this genus has only been found once. It resembles a Rhizina more than a Peziza, though at first included with the latter, but it has not the peculiar roots of the former. The spores differ also from those in Rhizina. Two species . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 A. HYMENIUM MOUSE-BROWN. 1. Psilopezia Babingtonii. Berk. Small, convex above, mouse-brown, fixed by the margin; beneath concave, pale watery brown, slightly rugose, with obsolete fibrils ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, HYMENOSC1THA. Ill broadly elliptic, 18 — 20 X 10 — 12^ ; paraphyses linear, clavate at the apices. (Plate V. fig. 23.) Peziza Babingtonii — Berk., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 554. Psilopezia Babingt onii- -Berk., "Outl.," p. 373; Cooke, " Handbk. ," No. 2162. On rotten wood. Cup J an inch or more broad, contracting greatly in drying, irregular in outline, convex above, mouse-brown ; concave beneath, and slightly wrinkled, pale watery brown, fixed by the border ; asci linear ; spores broadly elliptic; paraphyses linear, their apices clavate (B. and Br., I. c.). Name — After the Rev. C. Babington. Grace Dieu Wood, Leicestershire ! (Rev. C. Babington). B. HYMENIUM GREENISH-BLACK. 2. Psilopezia myrothecioides. B. and Br. Sub-orbicular; margin laciniate, tomentose, pallid yellow ; hymenium greenish-black ; asci linear ; sporidia 8, elliptic, margin pellucid, 17- -19 X 10 — 13^u ; para- physes filiform, broadly clavate and brown at the apices. Psilopezia myrothecioides — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1489, t. ii. f. 5 ; " Grevillea," iii. p. 122. On Prunus padus. Two to five lines broad. The asci are cylindrical. «/ 200/x long, 17/^ broad. The clavate apices of the para- physes are 10 to 13/z broad, and brownish. The cells of the excipulum are 20 to 30/z broad. Name — MyrotJiedum, a genus of fungi, EI£OC, likeness resembling a Myrothecium. New Pitsligo (Rev. J. Fergusson). GENUS III. — HYMENOSCYPHA. Fries. * Opening freely, naked, glabrous ; cup thin, membra- naceous, but sufficiently firm, supported by the slender sub-equal stem ; hymenium distinct ; asci large, clavate 1 12 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. or cylindrical ; sporidia often in two rows ; texture fibroso- cellulose. (Plate V. figs. 24-27.) Growing on twigs, fruit, and very often on stems of plants (Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 117). Name — uju//v, a membrane, and O-KU^OC, a cup ; from the membranaceous character of the cup. ARRANGEMENT OF THE STJBGENERA. I. Sclerotinia . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 II. Ciboria . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19 III. TrichoscypJia . . . . . . . . 20 IV. Cyathoidea .. .. .. .. .. .. 21-50 KEY TO THE SUBGENERA. Growing from a conspicuous sclerotiuni . . . . Sclerotinia. Epiphytal, having no distinct sclerolium . . 1 , (Margin furnished with hair-like processes . . . . Trichoscypha. ' (Margin without hair-like processes . . . . 2 Cups rather large, growing on dead fruit or the in- florescence of plants or twigs . . . . . . Ciboria. Cups small (rarely exceeding 3 lines in height) grow- on wood, herbaceous stems, and fruit . . . . Cyathoidea. 2. SUBGENUS I. — SCLEROTINIA. (Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 330.) Cup rather large, or rather small, long stemmed, arising from a sclerotium, more or less infundibuliform, fleshy, marginate, at length more expanded, for the most part glabrous ; asci elongated, 8-spored ; sporidia ovate, oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline, guttulate, continuous ; para- physes filiform (Fckl.). (Plate V. fig. 24.) Name — Sclerotium, a tuberous fungus. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia elliptic .. .. .. .. species 1-2 B. Sporidia cymbiform . . . . . . . . „ 3-4 c. Sporidia oblongo-fusiform . . . . . . „ 5 D. Sporidia cylindrical . . . . . . . . „ 6-7 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Sporidia elliptic . . . . . . . . . . 1 Sporidia cylindrical . . . . . . . . . . 4 HYMEXOSCYPHA. 113 , ("Stem slen r-hr >wn St. MII t-lftidfr. :it lirst .*ubt..nifnto.se, pale brown Stem long, slender, flexnons, pallid-brown Stem attenuated downwards, blackish-brown species 8-10 „ 11 „ 12-13 „ H-17 „ 18 19 V Juteo-virescene. 1 2 lolari*. amentacea. 4 Aspegrenii. 3 BryopJiila. ferotina. tuba. pseudo tuber osa. 5 caucus. echinophila. firma. A. SPORIDIA BROADLY ELLIPTIC OR OVATE. (a) On fruit * 8. Hymenoscypha pseudo-tuber osa. (Rehm.) Cup infundibiiliform, when moist expanded, sub- patelliform ; externally, as well as the stem, brown or olivaceous brown, slightly scabrous ; hymenium livid or livid-brown ; stem long, rather slender, subnexuous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, obtuse at the ends, 9 — 10 X 4 — o/n ; paraphyses filiform. (Plate V. tig. 25.) Peziza pseud o-tuberosa — Rehm, "Asco.," No. 106; Pat., p. 171, f. 378. Sclerotinia Batschiana — Zopf. and * The tfiro " fruit " is used here in a popular sense to include the parts closely associated with the fruit. 120 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Syd, "Mycoth. Mar.," 50, c. icon. Peziza glandicola- Doass., " Revue Myco.," v. iii. pt. 10, p. 49 ; " Grevillea," iv. p. 132, t. 65, f. 288. Exs. — Rehm, "Asco.," No. 106; Doass. and Pat., "Champ.," No. 13; Zopf. and Syd, "Mycoth. Mar.," 50; Winter, « Fungi Eur.," 2649 ; Ellis, " N. A. Fungi," 983. On decayed acorns. Cup 1 to 4 lines broad ; 3 to 7 lines high. Name — I//EV§))C, false, tuber, a tuber; appearing to grow from a tuber, whereas it is an acorn. North Wootton, near King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plow- right). 9. Hymenoscypha amentacea. (Balb.) Cup stipitate, infundibuliform, then expanded, pale brown ; externally paler ; margin tomentose ; stem slender, more or less elongated, often flexuose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 12 X 5'5/*; paraphyses filiform, some- times clavate at the apices. Peziza amentacea — Balb., " Act. Taur.," ii. p. 79, t. 2 ; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 37 ; Karst., " Pez. et Ascob," p. 28 ; " Mon. Pez.," p. 131. Pez. julacea--~Pers., " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 285. Ciboria amentacea — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 311. Rutstrcemia amentacea — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 106. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," No. 320; Fckl., "F. Rh," No. 1178; Phil, "Elv. Brit," No. 116; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2964. On catkins of willow. March and April. Cup 2 to 5 lines broad; stem 1J to 10 lines long, \ a line thick. The hair-like cells of the margin are 50^u long, liSfj. broad, and continuous. Name — A mentum, a catkin ; from its habitat. Almond Park, Shrewsbury ! Moncrieffe, near Perth ! (Dr. Buchanan White). 10. Hymenoscypha caucus. (Rebent.) Cup vasculiform, margin erect or incurved, flesh waxy; externally pallid, becoming brown, glabrous; hymenium umber-brown ; stem short, sometimes elon- HYMENOSCYPHA. 121 gated, rather thick, flexuous; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, ovate, or sub-elliptic, or subglobose, 10 X 6^u; para- physes filiform. Peziza caucus — Rebent, " Neom.," p. 386, t. 4, f. 17 ; Pers., "Myco. Eur.," p. 283; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 126 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2093 (in part) ; " Grevillea," vi. p. 23; Pat., p. 210, f. 483. Pez. amentalis—Schnm., " Saell.," p. 418. Ciboria caucus— Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 311. Phialea caucus — Gill., " Champ.," 110. On dead catkins of poplar, lying in damp spots. Spring. Cup 1 to 2J lines broad; stem as long or twice as long as the width of cup, same colour as cup. The figure of Rebentisch, t. iv. f. 17, represents an exceptional form of the plant, with a very slender stem, described as " stipes filiform, slender, not dilated up- wards " (Fries, I. c.) ; but our specimens have a moderately thick stem, enlarged at the point of junction with the cup : but Fries had only seen the figure. Name — Caucus, a drink ing- vessel. Near Perth, N.B. ! (Dr. Buchanan White). (6) On tivigs. 11. Ilymenoscypha luteo-virescens. (Rob.) Cup patelliform, then convex, firm, pallid-green, margin entire ; stem slender, attenuated below, flexuose, more or less elongated and immersed in the earth ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptical, 15 X 5^u; para- physes filiform, stout, filled with granules. * Peziza luteo-virescens — Rob. in Desm., '' Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. No. 1541 ; ed. ii. No. 1041; "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1847, viii. p. 188. Peziza pallido-virescens — Phil, in "Gre- villea," vi. p. 24; "Scott. Nat.," vi. 163. Phialea luteo- virescens — Gill., "Champ.," p. 108. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," I c.; Phil, "Elv. Brit.," No. 122. On buried petioles of Acer. Autumn. Cup 1 to 5J lines broad ; stem often 10 lines long. 122 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. The exterior is clothed with fine, adpressed, silky hairs ; not glabrous, as stated by Desmaziere. Name — Luteus, yellow, virens, green ; greenish- yellow. Near Newport, Salop ! Wrekin, Salop ! B. SPORIDIA OBLONGO-ELLIPTIC OR FUSIFORM. (a) On fruit. 12. Hymenoscypha echinophila. (Ball.) Cup infundibuliform, then plane, fleshy, pale cin- namon or subfuliginous, glabrous; hymenium rusty brown ; stem paler, rather slender, more or less elongated, at first subtomentose, then glabrous; asci cylindraceo- clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, curved, often furnished at the poles with a short appendage, having a globose head, 2 to 4 guttulate, 12 — 22 x 4 — 5/u ; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged at the summits. Peziza echinophila — Bull., " Champ.," ii. p. 235, t. 500, f. 1; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 118; D. C., "Flo. Fr.," ii. p. 82 ; Pers, " Myco. Eur.," p. 278 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 567; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2085; Pat., p. 35, f. 85. Phialea echinophila — Gill., "Champ.," 101, c i 'EXS.— Phil., "Elv. Brit," 32; Rehro, "Asco," 606; Rouing., " Fung. Gal," 648 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 367. On decaying involucres of chestnut. Autumn. Cup about 2J to 8 lines broad. Name — t\ivos, a hedgehog, i'Aoc, loving; found on spiny involucres. King's Lynn (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Norton Camp, near Craven Arms ! Near Hereford ! 13. Hymenoscypha subularis. (Bull.) Cup hypocrateriform, entire, fragile, lateritius or pallid -brown ; hymenium darker ; stem long, slender, flexuose, same colour ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia HYMENOSCYPHA. ] 2o 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, biguttulate, 17- -20 x 4 — 5u ; paraphyses filiform, thickened at the apices. Peziza subularis — Bull, " Champ.," p. 236, t. 500, f. 2 : D. C., " Flo. FT.," ii. p. 83. P. subidipes— Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 282. P. carpini- -Batsch (?), " EL," p. 215, fig. 50 ; " Scott. Nat.," vi. 163. P/ualea subularis— Gill, "Champ.," p. 101, c. i. On seeds of Angelica. Cup 1 to 1 J lines broad ; height, including stem, 5 to 7 lines. The exterior of our specimen was nearly white, the disc very pale brown. Name — Subula, an awl ; from the shape of the stem. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). (6) On branches, twigs, or leaves. 14. Hymenoscypha fir ma. (Pers.) Cup infundibuliform, then expanded, repand, firm, smooth, dark or pale brown ; stem more or less elongate*]. becoming blackish-brown, attenuated downwards ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, often furnished at the poles with a short spicule, bearing a globose head, biguttulate, 10 — 19 x 3--4ju; paraphyses filiform, stout, branched. Peziza firma — Pers., "Syn. Fung.," p. 658; and "Myco. Eur," p. 277; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 117; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 200 ; Karst, " Pez. et Ascob.," p. 27 ; and " Mon. Pez," p. 130 ; Nyl, "Pez. Fenn," p. 35 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2082; Price, t. 4, f. 23. Peziza ochroleuca—Bolt., t. 105, f. 1; Sow, t. 115. Ciboria Jirma — Fckl., "Symb. Myco," p. 312. Mutstrcemia firma- -Karst, " Myco. Fenn," p. 108. Helotium firmum — Karst, " Symb," p. 233. Phialea firma— Gill, " Champ," p. 101, c. i. Exs.— Libert, exs. No. 228; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 736 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 78 ; Rhem, " Asco," 13 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2965 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 646. On rotten sticks of oak. Cup \ to \ an inch broad ; stem \ to 2 inches high. Scattered or gregarious ; leathery when fresh, hard when dry. 124 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Firmus, firm ; from its firm flesn. King's Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Forres, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Hawthornden, near Edinburgh ! Down- ton Castle, near Ludlow ! Condover ! Craven Arms ! Church Stretton ! and The Wrekin, Salop. 15. Hymenoscypha bolaris. (Batsch.) Cup infundibuliform or subhemispherical, firm ; ex- ternally fibrilose-veined or wrinkled, nearly ochraceous ; hymenium brown, margin subserrated ; stem rather short, attenuated downwards or equal ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia oblong-elliptic, biguttulate, 14 — 16 X 4 — 6ju ; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Peziza bolaris — Batsch, i. p. 221, f. 155 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 112; Pers, " Syn. Fung," p. 658; " Myco. Eur," p. 279; A. and S, p. 330; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 200 ; Cooke, " Handbk," 2078. Ciboria bolaris— Fckl, "Symb. Myco.," p. 311. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit.," 171 ; Roumg., "Fung. Gal./' 1260. On dry fallen branches of holly. Cup 1 J to 2 lines broad and high ; externally paler than the disc ; when dry the margin is inflexed. Name — jSwAoe, a clod ; perhaps in allusion to the colour. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 16. Hymenoscypha Aspegrenii. (Fries.) Gregarious, stipitate ; cup subrepand ; hymenium yellow ; externally, as well as the subascending stem, white ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong- elliptic, biguttulate, 8 — 10 x 3*5/*. Peziza Aspegrenii — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 131. Helotium Aspegrenii — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 355 ; Berk, " Outl," p. 372 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2144. Peziza bicolor, var. Sow, t. 369, f. 7. Phialea Aspegrenii -Gill, " Champ," p. 107, c. i. On rotten hazel in a wet ditch. Spring. " Two to three lines high ; stem somewhat slender ' (Fries). HYMEXOSCYPHA. 125 At first hemispherical, then expanded and plane ; stem slender, attenuated downwards. Name — After Aspegren, a friend of Fries. Wier Coppice, near Shrewsbury ! 17. Hymenoscypha serotina. (Pers.) Cup stipitate, plano-convex, rather thin, bright yellow; stem short, firm, thickish ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or clavate, straight or slio-htly curved, 22 — 24 x 4/z. Helotiwn serotinum — Berk., "Outl.," p. 372; Fckl., "Symb. Myco," p. 313; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2132; Gill., " Champ.," p. 156. Peziza serotina — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 661; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 119; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 201. Helvetia aurea — Bolt., t. 98. Exs.— Fckl., 1157. On dead leaves and branches in water. Autumn. Cup about 1 to 2 lines broad ; stem H to 2 lines long. Gregarious or crowded. O O Name — Serotinus, late ; from its late appearance. Near Halifax (Bolton). C. SPORIDIA CYLINDRICAL. 18. Hymenoscypha bryophila. (Fries.) Cup stipitate, slender, at first concave, then convex, glabrous, flavescent ; stem long, slender, flexuose, slightly pubescent ; asci clavate ; sporidia cylindrical, curved, 10 X 2ju ; paraphyses filiform, enlarged upwards, septate. Peziza bryophila — Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 119. P. pyxidata — " Flo. Dan.," 1. 1017, f. 1. Phialea bryophila -Gill, " Champ," p. 100. Amongst rnoss in mountain pastures. Autumn. Cup 1 to 1 J lines broad, 2 \ to 5 lines high. Scattered, slender, nearly white, becoming yellowish. Name — Bryum, a genus of mosses, and 0/Aoe, loving ; from its habitat. Longmynd, Salop ' 126 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. D. SPORIDIA UNKNOWN. 19. Hymenoscypha tuba. (Bolt.) Cup campanulate, disc plane-umbilicate, stem filiform ; altogether bright pale yellow. Peziza fr^a— -Bolt, " Hist. Fung,,'' iii. t. 106, f. 1 ; Pers., "Myco. Eur," p. 278; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 128 (excl. part); "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 202. Meruleus tubceformis — With., vol. 4, p. 146. Helotiwn tuba — Fries, "Summa Veg. Scan," p. 355; Berk., ." Outl," p. 372; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2140. Phialea tuba— Gill., 11 Champ," p. 99. On putrid stems of plants, in moist places. " This beautiful little peziza adheres by a claw at the base to the putrid stems of decayed plants in moist places near rills of water. It is shaped like a trumpet in miniature. The height about half an inch. The colour a bright pale yellow " (Bolt, t. c.). Name — Tuba, a trumpet ; from its shape. Var. B. Ochracea — B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1486. On a heap of decaying vegetables. Menmuir (Rev. M. Anderson). SUBGENUS III. — TRICHOSCYPHA. Cooke. Cup cyathiform, entire, stipitate; margin furnished with hair-like rigid processes. (Plate V. fig. 26.) Dr. Cooke has shown that the hair-like processes in the four exotic species, for the reception of which he formed the subgenus, viz. Peziza sulcipes (Berk.), P. Hindsii (Berk.), P. tricholoma (Mont.), and P. insititia (B. and C.), are not true hairs, but squamules, composed of a number of longitudinal cells lying parallel to each other, the exterior ones gradually diminishing in length, so that the base of each squamule is broader than the apex. This structure is the same in the teeth of the well-known Peziza inflexa (Bolt.), and although this species is much smaller than the exotic species named above, it must be HYMENOSCYPHA. 127 placed in the same subgenus. In a more consistent classification of the Discomycetes, this and the two pre- ceding subgenera should be closely associated with the series Phialea of Fries. Name — Spi%, hair, and cr^u^oe, a cup. In allusion to the hair-like processes with which the margin and some- times the exterior are furnished. 20. Hymenoscypha coronata. (Bull.) Cup at first pyriform or hemispherical, then cyathi- form, glabrous, pallid or yellowish, margin crowned with setaceous teeth ; stem slender, straight or curved ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusiform, 15 — 20 X 3--4/z; para- physes rather stout, enlarged upwards. (Plate V. fig. 26.) Peziza coronata — Bull., " Champ.," p. 251, t. 416, f. 4 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. 120; Pers., " Obs," ii. p. 36; D. C, " Flo. Fr," ii. p. 83 ; Karst., '• Pez. et Ascob," p. 29 ; and " MOD. Pez," p. 135 ; Nyl, " Pez. Fenn," p. 38 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2086; Gonn. and Rabh, iii. t. 6, f. 9 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 307. P. radiata—Pers., "Syn. Fung.," p. 662; "Myco. Eur," i. p. 287; Nees, " Sys. " f. 293. P. subulata—Schum., " Flo. Dan.," 1. 1380. P. dentieulata—Schum., " Flo. Dan," t. 1016, f. 3. Helo tium coronatum- -Karst, "Symb," p. 237; "Myco. Fenn," p. 136. Phialea coronata— Gill, " Champ," p. 110. Exs.— Desm, "Crypt. Fr," ed. i. 872, ed. ii. 72; Rabh, "Herb. Myco," ed. ii. 219; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 146; Fckl, " F. Rh," 1183; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 121; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 379. On dead herbaceous stems. Autumn and winter. Cup J to 1 line broad ; stem J to 1J line high. Scattered or gregarious ; whitish, pallid, or tinged with yellowish brown. Name — Corona, a crown. Shobdon, Herefordshire ! Frequent. Var. inflexa. (Bolt.) Whitish, teeth triangular. Peziza inflexa— Bolt, t. 106, f. 2; Sow, t. 306; 128 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 201 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2087. Phialea inflexa — Gill., " Champ.," p. 106. On stems of nettles. Autumn. Name — Inflecto, to bend or curve. Near Halifax (Bolton). SUBGENUS IY. — CYATHOIDEA. Smaller than the preceding; cups thin,at first urceolate, then concave or plane, orbicular, glabrous, or subtomen- tose ; stem usually slender. (Plate V. fig. 27.) Rarely exceeding 3 lines in height. Growing on wood, herbaceous stems, and fruit. Name — KvaOos, a cup, sTSoe, a resemblance. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia oblong or oblongo-elliptic. (a) On dead wood (6) On herbaceous stems (c) On leaves (d) On fruit B. Sporidia fusiform or clavate, broad. (a) On wood (except fructigena on fruit) (&) On herbaceous stems and grass (c) On leaves C. Sporidia fusiform, narrow. (a) On wood . . . . . . (6) On herbaceous stems (c) On leaves D. Sporidia pyriform or reniform. (a) On fruit (6) On leaves E. Sporidia cylindrical. (a) On dead wood . . . . . . (&) On root-fibres (c) On carex stems (d) On fruit KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hymenium brown Hymenium pale tan-colour, externally farinose Hymenium testaceous (confer scutuli) Hymenium red Hymenium amber Hymenium yellow Hymenium white Hymenium rosy- .vhite Hymenium, ? colour species 55 55 21-24 25 26-28 29 30-34 35 36 37-39 40-42 43-44 45 46 47 48 49 50 nitidula. emergens. 3 electrina. 4 6 rhodnleuea. aquatic a. HYMENOSCYPHA. 129 3. 4. 6. (Cups pale cinnamon or brownish-yellow Cup externally yellow Cup externally brown Stem short, black Stem short, yellowish-brown Stem short, white or greyish-brown . Stem rather long, pullid-brown Stem more or less elongated, stout, pale brown (on seed-vessels) Stem more or less elongated, brown, darker at the base (on leaves) ("Cup cyathiform or plane \Cup urceolate (on Equist turn) Externally furfuraceous Externally villous Externally glabrous Stem long, tomentose below; disc orange-yellow . . Stem long, subflocculose ; disc yellowish-red -{Stem long, glabrous (at first pubescent) | Stem long, glabrous ; sporidia large. . (.Stem short, tomentose below; disc darkish -yellow Externally prninose ; margin fimbriate Externally pruinose; margin subdeuticulate Externally perpendicularly striate Externally glabrous Growing on larch-leaves Growing on pine-leaves Growing on wood Growing on petioles Growing on herbaceous stems Sporidia oblongo-fusiform Sporidia narrowly fusiform or linear remsporum. Intescens. 2 strobilina. calycnlus. amenti. monilifera. cacalix. petioloru)ii. Broomei. Persooitii.* rhizopliila. Laburui. 5 Hedwigii. virgultorum. scutula. aurea. co 1 1 col or. eburnea, Urtica. 7 subtile. sorditla. albida. 8 clirnta. cyathoidt a. A. SPORIDIA OBLONG OR OBLONGO-ELLIPTIC. (a) On dead wood. 21. Hymenoscypha Broomei (nov. sp.). Scattered, stipitate, cyathiform or plane, flesh red, glabrous, firm ; margin entire ; stem rather slender, cylindrical, flexuous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporiclia 8, oblong, rounded at the ends or subfusiform, 15 X 5/z. (Plate V. fig. 27.) Peziza araneosa — Bull., Kew Herbarium. On dead wood. Cup 1 line broad, 1 line high. Name — After Mr. C. E. Broome. * Removed to genus Stamnaria. K 130 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 22. Hymenoscypha monilifera. (Fckl.) Stipitate, scattered or csespitose ; cup seated amongst Bispora, at first subclavate, at length dilated ; hymenium concave, patellate when mature, marginate, waxy, externally as well as the rather long stem, smooth, pallid-brown; disc slightly darker; asci elongated; sporidia 8, biseriate, oblong, attenuated towards each end, but obtuse, at length uniseptate, 12 X 4^, hyaline; paraphyses filiform, subclavate. Bispora monilifera — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 310. Peziza monilifera — Cooke, " Grevillea," iv. p. 111. Exs.— " F. Rh.," 74. Amongst Bispora monilioides on cut timber. Cup i to 1 line broad, J to 1J lines high. Fuckel has constituted a new genus, under the name Bispora, for this species, of which he assumes that Bispora monilioides is the conidial form. Name — Monile, a necklace, and fero, to carry ; from its relationship to Bispora monilioides. Dupplin Castle, N.B. 23. Hymenoscypha Heduigii (nov. sp.). Cup stipitate, concave or plane, yellow tinged with orange, margin entire, paler beneath ; stem rather long, lower half tomentose, white and enlarged; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia oblong or oblong-elliptic, biguttulate, 7—10 x 3/1. Octospora fungoidaster — Hedw., " Mus. Frond.," ii. p. 53, t. xix. figs. 1-4. Peziza fructiginea, ]3. virgultorum -Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 118. P. virgultorum — "Flo. Dan," t. 1016, f. 2. On twigs of hazel. May. Cup J to 1J lines broad, height about the same. The cups are at first concave, then plane ; the stem is white, enlarged at the base, and attached to the wood by white mycelium. Name — After Joannes Hedwig. Hanwood, near Shrewsbury ! HYMENOSCYPHA. 13J 24. Hymenoscypha lutescens. (Hedw.) Cup stipitate, at first hemispherical, then hypocrateri- form, yellowish; hymenium brownish, margin paler; stem short or sometimes elongated, slender, flexuose, subcylindrical, pale; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 12 — 15 X 4/z ; paraphyses slender, filiform. Octospora lutescens — Hedw., " Mus. Frond.," ii. t. 9, f. 3. Peziza lutescens — A. and S., p. 334 ; " Flo. Dan.," t. 1440, f. 1 ; Wahl, " Ups.," p. 465 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 120. Helotium lutescens — Berk., "Outl," p. 372; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2134. Phialea lutescens— Gill., " Champ.," 157. On dead twigs amongst moss, etc. Cup ^ to IJ lines broad, and as much high. Gre- garious. Name — Luteus, yellow ; yellowish. Bloxham in Herb. Kew ! (b) On herbaceous steins. 25. Ilymenoscypha rhodoleuca. (Fries.) Cup piano, rosy-white, glabrous ; stem nearly equal, slender, same colour ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 10 — 14x4^t; paraphyses filiform. Peziza rhodoleuca — Fries, " Obs. Myco.," ii. p. 306 ; "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 127; Karst., "Fez. et Asco.," p. 31; and " Mon. Fez.," p. 139. Helotium rhodoleucum — Fries, "Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 355; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 128. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 152. On dead branches of Equisetum, in damp places. Spring. Cup J- to f line broad ; stem varying from J to J a line high. When young this plant is pyriform, but soon becomes expanded, and at length plane or convex. The colour is a beautiful rosy-white. Name — poSov, a rose, Atwfcoc, white ; rose-white. Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! 132 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. (c) On leaves. 26. Hymenoscypha petiolorum. (Rob.) Rather large, stipitate, often solitary ; cup fulvous, concave, then plane, margined with somewhat triangular teeth ; stem more or less long ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, curved, 2-guttulate, 17 x fyt ; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Peziza petiolorum — Rob. in Desrn., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1158, ed. ii. 658; "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1842, p. 91. Peziza denigrans — Fckl., " Symb. Myco," p. 309. Pkialea petiolorum — Gill., " Champ.," 102. Exs.— Denm, 1. c. ; Fckl, " F. Rh," 2193. On petioles of beech, etc. Autumn. Cup about ^ a line broad ; stem reaching sometimes \ an inch in length. The margin is furnished with minute, somewhat triangular teeth, easily overlooked in dried specimens — not large enough to warrant putting it in the subgenus Trichoscypha. Name — Petiole, the stalk of a leaf; from its habitat. Shrewsbury ! 27. Hymenoscypha subtile. (Fries.) Cup stipitate, plano-convex, concave beneath, rather firm, white, becoming pallid-ochraceous ; stem slender, rather short ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or subfusiform, 5 X 2/j. ; paraphyses filiform, slender, scarce. Helotium subtile — Fries, " Obs. Myco.," ii. p. 310 ; "Summa Veg. Scan," p. 354; Karst, "Myco. Fenn," p. 131 ; Cooke, " Handbk," 2130; Fckl, "Symb. Myco," 315. Peziza subtilis — Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 157 ; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 208. Phialea subtile— Gill, " Champ.," p. 161. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn," 68; Fckl, " F. Rh," 1160; Roumg, "Fung. Gal," 1265. On decaying leaves of pine in shady woods. Autumn. Cup about 500 to 800/i broad, and 200 to 600^u high. Scattered; at first white, becoming yellow when dried. A very minute and delicate species. HYMENOSCYPHA. 133 Name — Subtili?, small, delicate. Rose Hill, near Shrewsbury ! 28. Hymenoscypha advenula. Phil. Cup stipitate, concave or plane, tough, white or yellowish white ; stem equal, slender ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 8 — 9 X 2 '5 — 4^u ; paraphyses slenderly filiform, scarce. Helotium advenulum — Phil, " Grevillea," vi. p. 24. Exs.— Phil, " Elv. Brit.," No. 133. On fallen decaying leaves of larch. Spring. Very minute, scattered, or gregarious. Varying from the preceding so little that I had some misgiving at first whether it should be separated, but the sporidia are nearly double the size. Name — Advena, a stranger; a little stranger. Trefriw, North Wales ! (eZ) On fruit. 29. Hymenoscypha strobilina. (Fries.) Pyriform, firm ; cup concave, pallid-rufescent ; margin tumid, entire ; stem short, black ; asci subcylindrical, slender, slightly enlarged towards the top ; sporidia 8, oblong or fusiform, 8 — 12 X 2'5/z; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza strobilina — Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 125; Karst., " Pez. et Ascob.," p. 30 ; Nyl, " Pez. Fenn," p. 41 : " Grevillea," ii. p. 186. Ombrophila strobilina — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 92. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn."; Rabh, "Fung. Eur.," ed. ii. Nos. 222 and 624; Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 40; Roumg, "Fung. Gal," 1254. On fir-cones. Autumn and winter. Cup 300 to oOOfj. broad, and the same high ; disc at first urceolate, afterwards more expanded ; the texture is tough, and when dry the plant is rigid and black. Name — Strobilis, a pine-cone ; from the habitat. Derbyshire ! (Mr. James Renny). North Wootton, 134 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Near Hereford ! near Shrewsbury ! Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). B. SPORIDIA BROADLY FUSIFORM OR CLAVATE. (. 42; Nees, "Sys.," f. 292; Schum., " Saell.," p. 420; A. and S., p. 331 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 118 (in part) ; Karst, "Myco. Fenn.," p. 113; FckL, " Symb. Myco.," p. 314 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 201. Phialea fructigena- GilL, "Champ," p. 99, c. i. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr," ed. i. 1060, ed. ii. 460; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 479, ed. ii. 392. On acorns, beech-mast, and chestnuts. The hymenium is usually white at first, afterwards it becomes yellow ; the exterior dirty white ; the stem is attenuated towards the base, not unfrequently minutely pubescent ; the sporidia vary from clavate to fusiform, straight or slightly curved, with two guttulae, becoming uniseptate. Name — Fructus, fruit, gigno, to bear ; growing on fruit. Dinmore, near Hereford ! North Wales ! Forres, N.B. ! (Dr. Keith). Scarborough ! (Mr. Massee). Colwyn Bay, North Wales ! 33. Hymenoscypha laburni. (B. and Br.) Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, concave or plane, externally villose, furfuraceous, pale ; margin inflexed ; hymenium ochraceous, bright-coloured ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, sub-acute or clavate, 2 to 136 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 4-guttulate, 17- -27x5 — 9/*; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. ffelotium laburni — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 1624 ; " Grevillea," v. p. 62. On decorticated branches of Cytisus laburnum, or beneath the cuticle, which it seems to throw off. Cups J to J a line broad, gregarious, fleshy, firm ; flesh yellowish- white. Name — Laburnum, a well-known tree. Menmuir, N.B. ! (Rev. M. Anderson). 34. Hymenoscypha calyculus. (Sow.) Cup stipitate, concave, margin elevated or expanded, yellowish-brown, fleshy, firm, smooth ; stem short, thick, attenuated downwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic or clavate, straight or slightly curved, 15 — 18 X 3 — 5/x; paraphyses filiform, slender. Helotium calyculus — Berk., " Outl.," p. 372 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2142. Peziza calyculus — Fries, " Sys. Myco./' ii. p. 129; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 202 ; Sow., t. 116 ; With., iv. p. 307; Purt., ii. and iii. No. 1033. P. in- fundibulum — Grev., "Flo. Edin.," p. 423; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 130; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 961 ; Batsch, f. 147. Pkialea calyculus — Gill., "Champ./' p. 108. On decorticated wood and branches. Cup about 1 to 1J lines broad, and the same high. Bright clear brown, flesh firm ; disc concave or plane ; stem short, enlarging upwards into the cup. This has probably been confused with H. serolinum and ferru- gineum, but the sporidia differ. Name — KaXuS, the cup of a flower ; from its shape. Near Shrewsbury ! Forres ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). (b) On herbaceous stems. 35. Hymenoscypha scutula. (Pers.) Cup hypocrateriform, becoming nearly plane, firm, glabrous, testaceous yellow; stem rather slender; asci HYMENOSCYPHA. 137 cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or clavate, straight or curved, 2 to 3-guttulate or pseudo-septate, 18 — 25 X 4 — 6/z ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza scutula — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 284 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco./' ii. p. 123; Kickx., "Flo. Flan./' i. 485; Nees, f. 282. Helotium scutula — Karst, " Symb.," p. 233 ; "Myco. Fenn," 110; "Scott. Nat," vi. 125. Phialea scutula — Gill, "Champ," p. 108. Helotium virgultorum —Pat, p. 38, f. 94. Exs.— Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 739; Sacc, "Myco. Ven," No. 728. On dead herbaceous stems, Spirea Ulmaria, etc. Cup J to 1 J lines broad ; stem J to 2J lines long. This species has a group of near allies which can be regarded only as varieties. Name — Scutum, a shield ; from its resemblance when fully expanded to a little shield. "Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. J. Keith). Falmouth ! (Mr. E. M. Holmes). Persley Den, near Aberdeen ! (Professor Trail). Var./itcata. Phil, in "Elv. Brit," No. 120. Cup subhemispherical ; margin incurved; disc brown- ish yellow ; externally whitish, stained irregularly with dirty yellow. On dead stems of Polygonum lying in water. Ellesmere, Salop ! Var. Lysimachice. Phil, in " Elv. Brit," No. 120A. On dead stems of Lysimachia vulgaris. Shrewsbury ! Var. Menthce. Phil. Cup plane or convex ; disc bright yellow ; stem slender ; sporidia 14 — 2 X 3 — 5/u ; 2 to 3 guttulse, often pseudo-uniseptate. Helotium Menthce in " Elv. Brit," No. 188. On decaying stems of Mentha. Io8 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Lysimachia, a genus of Primulacece ; from its habitat. Shrewsbury ! Var. RudbeckioB. Cup 1 line wide ; stem about 1 to 1 J lines high, cylindrical, expanding into the base of the cup ; sporidia 18—25 X 4— (>^u. On dead stems of Rudbeckia. Name — Rudbeckia, a genus of Composite • from its habitat. Batheaston ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). (c) On leaves. 36. Hymenoscypha albida. (Rob.) Cup at first subhemispherical, then plane, white, glabrous, margin entire ; stem rather stout, enlarged upwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblongo- elliptic, 2 to 3-guttulate, curved, becoming pseudo-septate, 15 — 17 X 4^u ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza albida — Rob. in Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 2004, and ed. ii. 1601 ; "Ann. Sc. Nat," 1851, vol. xvi. p. 323. Helotium scutula, var. albidum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn," p. 112 ; " Grevillea," vi. p. 127. Phialea albida -Gill., " Champ ," p. 105. Exs.— Desm, " Crypt. Fr," I. c. On decaying petioles of Fraxinus. Cup 4 to 1 line broad ; stem about the same long. When fresh this is ivory-white ; the stem is often brown at the base. Name — Albidus, inclining to white; whitish. Copthorn, near Shrewsbury ! Var. jEsculi. The sporidia are larger than in H. albida, 20- 23 X 4 — 5ju, and more frequently clavate. On petioles of horse-chestnut.' Name — ^Esculus, the horse-chestnut ; from its habitat. Shobdon Court, Herefordshire ! HYMEXOSCYPHA. 139 C. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM, NARROW. (a) On ivood. 37. Hymenoscypha aurea. (Pers.) Cup stipitate, concave, or plane, fleshy, darkish- yellow, glabrous, except at the base of the slender, rather long stem, which is tomentose and white ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform, simple or pseudo-septate, 9 — 10 X 1 — 2/i ; paraphyses filiform, slender, sometimes branched. Helotium aureum — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 678 ; A. and S, p. 350; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 156; Gill, "Champ," p. 155. On decorticated wood, especially pine. Cup about J to 1 line broad; stem about 1 to 1.V lines long, gregarious, slender, but firm. Name — A urea*, golden ; from the colour. Near Shrewsbury ; Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). 38. Hymenoscyplia emergens. Cooke and Phil. Scattered or fasciculate, emerging from beneath the bark ; cups hemispherical or infundibuliform, stipitate, glabrous, pale ochraceous ; hymenium darker ; margin entire ; stem flexuose, tapering downwards ; asci cylin- drical, or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia fusiform, simple, straight or slightly bent, 12 — 14 X 1 — 1'2/u; paraphyses not seen. On dead branches of a tree, emerging from beneath the bark. Cup J to f line broad ; height, including stem, J to | line. Name — Emerge, to issue ; from its habit of growth. Scotland ! (Capt. Carrnichael in Kew Herb.). 39. Hymenoscypha concolor. Phil. Cup hemispherical, thin, firm, pallid or dirty white ; externally pruinose ; hymenium pallid-brown ; margin minutely fimbriate ; stem short, rather stout ; asci cyliu- 140 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or subfusiform, 8— 10 X 2 — 3/z ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza concolor — Phil, in " Grevillea," viii. p. 102 ; Steven., " Myco. Scot.," p. 321. On hard decorticated wood. Cup -J to J a line broad ; stem | of a line long. Name — Concolor, of the same colour ; without varia- tion of colour. Torres, KB. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). b. On herbaceous stems and grass. 40. Hymenoscypha cyathoidea. (Bull.) Cup at first pyriform, then hemispherical, at length expanded, thin, tough, glabrous, white or pallid, margin entire ; stem rather long, flexuous, attenuated downwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform or linear, 5 — 8 X 1 — 1'5/z; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza cyathoidea — Bull., " Champ.," p. 250, t. 416, f. 3 ; Pers., " Syn. Fung," p. 662 ; " Myco. Eur," i. p. 284 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 124 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 202 ; Nees, f. 294. P. pedicellata—Sow., t. 369, f. 4 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2092 ; Karat., " Pez. et Ascob," p. 30 ; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 40 ; Gonn. and Rabh., iii. t. 6, f. 7. Gyathicula vulgaris — De Not, " Disc.," p. 27. Helotium cyathoideum — Karst, " M}^co. Fenn," p. 136. Phialea cyathoidea — Gill, " Champ," p. 106. Exs.— Desm, « Crypt. Fr," ed. i. 1061, ed. ii. 461 ; Berk, exs. 158; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 836; Fckl, " F. Eh.," 1179 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 79, 80 ; Eehm, " Asco," 306 ; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 832 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 377. On dead herbaceous stems, thistle, potato, Lychnis, Heracleum, etc. Cup J to | of a line broad ; the stem about J a line long. Scattered or gregarious, cyathiform, texture tough, when quite young slightly pruinose externally; the stem slender, variable in length. Name — KvaOo^, a little cup, sTSoe, a resemblance. HYMENOSCYPIIA. 1-11 Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Neatishead (Dr. Cooke). Church Stretton, Salop ! Wrekin, Salop ! Var. Epilobii. Cooke in " Fung. Brit.," No. 378. On dead stems of Epilobium. Forden, "Montgomeryshire (Rev. E. Vize). Var. Solani. Pers, " Obs.," 2, p. 80. On dead potato-stems. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 377. Wellington, Salop ! 41. Hymenoscypha Urticce. (Pers.) Cup turbinate, pallid- white or fuscescent, perpendicu- larly striate, firm ; margin connivent, slightly pruinose ; hymenium urceolate ; stem rather short, equal, smooth ; pale yellow ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- fusiform, 7 — 8 X 2,u. Peziza Urticce—PQrs., " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 286 ; Nyl, "Pez. Fenn.," p. 39; Karst., " Mon. Pez.," 136. Peziza striata— Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 122; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 307. Helotium Urticce — Karst., "Symb.," p. 237 ; and " Myco. Fenn.," p. 133. On dead stems of nettles. Autumn and winter. Cup about J of a line ; stem about the same. Name — Urtica, generic name of the nettle. Church Stretton, Salop! Clungunford, Sa-lop! Carlisle '. (Dr. Carlyle). 42. Hymenoscypha clavata. (Pers.) Cup cyathiform, pallid or fuscescent, glabrous, firm; stem rather thick, enlarging into the base of cup ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, 4—8 X 1—2^. Peziza clavata — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 285 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 122; Fckl, "Symb. Myco," p. 307. Helotium davatum — Karst, "Myco. Fenn.," p. 135. Phialea clavata — Gill, " Champ," p. 110. Exs.— Phil., " Elv. Brit," 124. 142 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On dead stems of Angelica and Pteris. Cup about i of a line broad ; stem about the same long ; scattered or gregarious. Name — Olava, a club ; shaped like a club. Near Shrewsbury 1 (c) On leaves. 43. Hymenoscypha nitidula. (B. and Br.) Cup minute, subhemispherical, irregular; externally pale watery tan, minutely farinaceous, glistening, rather firm ; stem short, equal ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 7 — 10 X 3ju ; paraphyses very slenderly fili- form. Peziza nitidula — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 570 ; Cooke, " Handbk." No. 2091. On dead leaves of Aira ccespitosa. Winter. " Scattered ; cup slightly concave, at first subhemi- spherical, then nearly plane, often irregular, covered with glistening mealy particles. Allied to the preceding (Peziza cacalice), but distinguished by its uniformly mealy surface, irregular shape, and depressed, not clavate, cup " (B. and Br.). Name — Nitidus, shining ; somewhat shining. Batheaston, near Bath ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). 44. Hymenoscypha electrina. Phil, and Plow. Cup subhemispherical, glabrous, shining, amber- colour, when moist subgelatinous ; stem rather short, firm, darker at the base ; asci narrowly clavate, pointed at the summit ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 5 X Ip. Peziza electrina — Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," viii. p. 155 ; " Scott. Nat.," i. (new ser.), 86. On pine leaves, intermixed with Dacrymyces suc- cineus, Fries, of which it is the ascigerous stage. Cup 100 to 500 /a broad, stem not quite as long as the breadth of cup. Name — Electrum, amber ; from the colour. Forres, N.B. ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). HYMENOSCYPHA. 143 D. SPORIDIA PYRIFORM OR RENIFORM. (a) On fruit 45. Hymenoscypha amenti. (Batsch.) Cup concave, then plane, at length convex, firm, white, becoming greyish-brown ; stem short, enlarged upwards ; asci eylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, subpyri- form, 8 X 3/u ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza an tenti- -Batsch, " Cont," i. p. 211, f. 148; Pers., "Myco. Eur.," p. 314; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 127 ; Karst, " Fez. et Ascob.," p. 31 ; and " Mon. Fez.," p. 140. Helotium amer/fi- -Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 128; Gill., "Champ.," p. 158, c. i. Exs.— Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," ed. ii. 809 and 1621; Karst, "Fung. Fenn.," 27; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 123; Roumg, "Fung. Gal," 649. On dead catkins of willow in damp places. Cup 200 to oOO/u. broad ; height, including stem, 200 to 600/z. A minute species, easily recognized by the pyrifbrin sporidia. Name — Amentum, a catkin ; from the habitat. Wrekin, Salop ! (6) On leaves. 46. Hymenoscypha renisporum. (Ellis.) Stipitate, concave, at length plane, pale cinnamon or brownish -yellow ; stem equal, slender, darker below ; asci eylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, biseriate, reniform, 10/u long, OILL in the broadest part, biguttulate ; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Helotium renisporum — Ellis in Cooke's " Synop. Disc. U. S." Ombrophilo; Sydowiana — Rehm in Exs. Syd, "Mycoth. Mar," 666. Peziza recedens— Phil, in Herb. Ciboria Sydoiuiana — Rehm in "Asco," No. 802. Exs.— Rehm, " Asco," I c. ; Syd, " Mycoth. Mar," I. c. On decaying leaves of oak, etc, chiefly on the petioles and ribs. Autumn. Cup J to 1 line broad ; stem rather long. The H4 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. margin in the British specimens is subfimbriate, re- sembling H. petiolorum, Rob., to which, indeed, it is closely allied. Name — JRenes, the kidneys, green, :<> fojinea- Pers., " Tent Disp. Mi-th. ," p. 34 ; " Myco. Eur.," p. 296 ; A. and S, p. 334 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 136 ; Scop, ' Ann," iv. t. 2, f. 3 ; Johns, " Flo. Ber," ii. p. 150 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 204 ; " Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 963*. Exs.— Fckl., " F. Eh.," 1146. On beech -mast. Autumn. Cup about i to 1 line broad ; gregarious or crowded. Name — Fagus, beech ; growing on beech. Near Bristol (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). Wrekin, Salop ! Glamis (Rev. J. Fergusson). (a) Sporidia fusiform or clavate. (a) On wood. 12. Helotium salicellum. Fries. Cup shortly stipitate, plane, adpressed, orbicular, iirm, testaceous or ochery pallid; stem equal, paler; ci.sei cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform, 160 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. straight or slightly curved, 2 to 4-guttulate, or spuriously 1 to 3-septate, 25 — 30 X 5 — 7/x ; paraphyses filiform, stout. Helotiwm salicellum — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan./' p. 356; Berk, " Outl," p. 372; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2151; Gill., "Champ.," p. 157. Peziza salicella — Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 133; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 573*; Karst, "Fez. et Ascob.," p. 34; "Mon. Fez.," p. 134 ; Nyl, " Fez. Fenn," p. 45. Exs.— Rabh, "Fung. Eur.," 1707; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," 558. On branches of Salix. August to October. Cup i to 1 line broad. The measurement of sporidia is from Drs. Nylander and Karsten. Name — Salix, a willow ; growing on a willow. Neatishead (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Nescliffe, Salop ! Shrewsbury ! 13. ffelotium melleum. B. and Br. Pallid honey-colour ; stem short, cylindrical ; cups plane, flexuose ; margin elevated, inflexed ; asci elongated, lanceolate ; sporidia biseriate, fusiform, curved on one side, multiguttulate, 30^u. Helotium melleum — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1487 ; " Grevillea," iii. p. 122. On rotten wood. " About a line broad ; stem half as much high. Allied to H. luteolum " (B. and Br.). Name — Melleus, like honey ; the colour of honey. New Pitsligo (Rev. J. Fergusson). 1 4. Helotium pileatum. Karst. Cup stipitate, slightly concave, becoming convex ; margin deflexed, frequently repando-lobate, whitish, livid, or pallid with a bluish tinge ; stem short, thickened upwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic or oblong-fusiform, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 25 — 35 X 5 — 7fj- ; paraphyses filiform, stoutish, granular within. HELOTITJM. 1G1 Helot ium pileat um- -Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 130. On dead twigs, buried under the soil in very damp places. Autumn. Cups about 1 line broad, about the same in height ; Scattered, glabrous, semitransparent, but firm. This has the largest sporidia of any British species I am acquainted with. Name — Pileatus, wearing a cap ; from the capitate head. (/3) On herbaceous stems. 15. Helotium sublateritium. B. and Br. Pallid, brick-red ; stem short, cylindrical, delicately whitish villose, becoming smooth ; cups plane, veined beneath ; margin elevated ; asci linear ; sporidia uni- seriate, shortly fusiform, biguttate, 25 X 5/z. Helotium sublateritium — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1488; " Grevillea," iii. p. 122. On stems of herbaceous plants. Name — Sub, somewhat, later, a brick ; somewhat brick-red. Glamis, N.B. 16. Helotium repandum (nov. sp.). Cup shortly stipitate, plane, repand, thin, pale yellow, margin sublobate; stem very short, attenuated at the base; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, sub cylindrical or oblong-elliptic, 7- -10 X 2/i ; paraphyses filiform, slender. On Spircea ulmaria in damp places. Cup about J to J a line broad. Name — Repandus, bent backwards. Scotland ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). (7) On leaves and fronds. 17. Helotium sulphuratum. (Schum.) Cup stipitate or subsessile, at first orbicular, con- cave, then expanded, margin entire, between sulphur M 102 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. and lemon-colour; externally, as well as the tumid margin, pallid ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved, 2 to 3-guttulate, 12 — 17 X 3 — 4'5^u; paraphyses filiform, slender, sometimes branched. Peziza sulphurata — Schum., " SaelL," p. 428 ; " Flo. Dan.," t. 1915, f. 2 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 72 ; Pezizn, thejocroa—Pers., "Myco. Eur.," p. 296; "Scott. Nat.," vi. 122. On the ground in pine woods; on fallen leaves of pine. Autumn. Cups J to 2 lines broad ; gregarious, at first slightly floccose; the stem is short, not unfrequently absent. The sporidia are nearly pointed at the extremities. Name — Sulphuratus, dressed with brimstone; from its colour. Cawdor, N.B. ! 18. Helotium immutabile. Fckl. Epiphyllous, of a pale unchangeable yellow ; the cups are scattered, and sessile or attenuated into a very short concolorus stem, plane, acutely margined, orbicular or slightly repand ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, obliquely uni- seriate, oblong-ovate, straight, continuous, hyaline, 11 — 12 X 3 — 5j« ; paraphyses filiform. Helotium immutabile — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," nacht. i. p. 50. Exs.— " F. Rh.," No. 2388. On fallen leaves of Populus tremula. Cups 1 to 1*5 lines broad. Distinguished from H. epiphyllum not only by the constancy of the colour, but also the smaller and differently shaped asci and sporidia. Name — ImmutaMlis, unchangeable. Near Shrewsbury ! 19. Helotium pJiyllophilum. (Desm.) Cup plano-concave, becoming convex, glabrous, hyaline- white or yellowish white ; stem short, or nearly HELOTIUM. 163 absent ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight, or curved, 11 X 2'5/*; paraphyses filiform. Peziza phyllophila — Desm, " Crypt. Fr." Helotium phyllophilum — Karst., " Symb.," p. 239. Pezicula phyllo- phila— Karst., " Myco. Fenn./' p. 167. Helotium albo- punctum — Bucknall, " Fung. Bristol," No. 805. Phialea phyllophila — Gill., " Champ.," p. 105. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1159. On dead leaves of Acer, Fagus, etc. Autumn and winter. Cup about 1 \ lines broad ; gregarious or scattered. Nearly obconical in outline at first, the cup at length expands, and the disc is slightly concave, and at length often convex. Name — <£vXXov, a leaf, ^t'Xoe, loving ; from its habitat. Leigh Downs, Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 20. Helotium epiphyllum. Fries. Cup subsessile, convexo-plane, marginate, pallid- ochraceous, smooth, firm ; stem very short or absent ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong- elliptic, straight or bent, 3 to 4-guttulate, 12 — 15 X 4/z ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Helotium epiphyllum — Fries, " Summa Yeg. Scan.," p. 356; Berk, " Outl," p. 372 ; Gill, 'Champ./' p. 155, c. i. Peziza epiphylla — Pers, " Tent. Disp. Meth," p. 72 ; " Syn. Fung.," p. 669 ; A. and S., p. 339 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 137 ; Karst., " Fez. et Ascob.," p. 35 ; " Mon. Fez," p. 143 ; Nyl., " Fez. Fenn," p. 46 ; FckL, " Symb. Myco.," p. 316. Exs.— Fckl, No. 1145; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 722; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 1264. On dead leaves. Cup about J to 1J lines broad. Name — tiri, upon, <£uXXov, a leaf ; from its habitat. Forces, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Cawdor, N.B. ! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Leigh Woods, near Bristol ! (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). 164 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 21. Helotium ilicis (nov. sp.). Sessile, plane or concave, glabrous, waxy, vitelline ; margin paler, obtuse, repand ; asci clavate, pointed at the summit; sporidia fusiform, biguttulate, at length pseudo-uniseptate, 6 — 9 X 2'5/u ; paraphyses filiform. Helotium epiphyllum^vax. ilicina — Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 134 On holly leaves. Cup J of a line broad. Name — Ilex, the holly ; from its habitat. Shrewsbury ! Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). 22. Helotium Marchantice. Berk. Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, rather thick, plane, margmate, flexuose, pale yellowish brown ; stem very short or absent, obconical ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 12 — 15 X 3 — 5/x ; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Helotium Marchantice — Berk., " Outl.," p. 372 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," 2160; Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 356; Karst., " My co. Fenn.," p. 123. Peziza Marchantice- Berk., " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 204. On fading Marchantia hemispherica. May. Cup about J to f of a line broad, " smooth, head quite confluent with the thick stem, so as to be irregularly and obtusely obconic ; flesh white ; hymenium thin " (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Name — Marchantia, a genus of Hepaticce ; from its habitat. Whittlesea Mere (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). (d) Sporidia linear. (a) On wood. 23. Helotium imberbe. (Bull.) Cup turbinate, becoming plano-concave, subflexuous, fleshy or waxy, smooth, white ; stem short or nearly obsolete; asci (?); sporidia 8, linear, slightly curved, 10/i long. HELOTIUM. 165 Peziza imberbis — Bull, " Champ.," t. 467, f. 2 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 136; D. C., "Flo. Fr.," ii. p. 81; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2094. Peziza nivea — Batsch, "EL," p. 117, f. 59. Helotium imberbe— Berk., " Outl./' p. 18 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 162. Exs.— Fckl., No. 1148. On willow. Name — Imberbis, without a beard ; without hairs, Mossburnford. B. SESSILE. (a) Sporidia oblong or oblong-elliptic, (a) On wood. 24. Helotium claro-flavum. (Grev.) Cup very shortly stipitate or sessile, plane, clear yellow, glabrous ; margin raised, obtuse, sublobate ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 7 — 10 x 2 — 3^u ; paraphyses filiform, slender. (Plate V. fig. 31.) Peziza daro-flava—Grev., "Flo. Edin.," p. 424; " Eno-. Flo.," v. p. 203. Helotium daro-flarum (Grev)- Berk, " Outl. " p. 372 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2150. On decayed wood and branches. Autumn. Cups very minute, the largest not J a line broad, always concave; whole plant very bright yellow; hyme- nium darker (Grev.). I find the cups more frequently plane. Name — Clarus, clear, flavus, light yellow. Braid Hermitage, near Edinburgh (Dr. Greville). Wrekin, Salop ! 25. Helotium pruinosum. Jerd. Cup sessile, plane, thick, firm, marginate or im- marginate, chalky white, pruinose; asci cylindraceo- clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong- elliptic, 3 to 4-guttulate, becoming 2-septate, 20 — 22 X 4^u ; paraphyses filiform, slender. 166 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Helotium pruinosum — Jerd., B. and Br, " Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1174, t. 5, f. 33; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2154 Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit./' No. 575 ; ed. ii. 390 ; Phil, "Elv. Brit./' No. 89; Rabh., " Fung. Eur," 1514; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 2771. On Hypoxylon fuscum and Diatrype stigma ; on dead wood. Autumn. Cup about i a line broad. The hymenium is often bluish, and nearly always chalky. Name — Pruina, hoar-frost ; from the hoary disc. Derbyshire (Mr. J. Renny). Leigh Woods, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Near Shrewsbury 1 Llany- blodwell, Oswestry ! (6) Sporidia fusiform or oblong-fusiform, (a) On herbaceous stems or twigs. 26. Helotium herbarum. (Pers.) Cup very shortly stipitate or sessile, plane or convex, firm, white ; stem extremely short or absent ; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform, 2 to 3-guttulate, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 12 — 15 X 2 — 4/x; paraph}Tses filiform, slender. Helotium herbarum (Pers.) — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan," p. 356; Berk, "OutL/'p. 372; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2156; FckL, " Symb. Myco," p. 316; Gill, " Champ.," p. 162, c. i. Peziza herbarum, — Fries, " S}^s. Myco," ii. p. 136 ; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 204 ; Karat., " Pez. et Ascob," p. 34 ; " Mon. Pez.," 146 ; Nyl, " Pez. Fenn," p. 45. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 603; ed. ii. 568; Rabh., "Herb. Myco," ed. ii. 227; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 81; FckL, " F. Rh," 1147; Phil, "Elv. Brit," 87; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ser. ii. 391; Roumg, "Fung. Gal," 451. On dead herbaceous stems in moist woods. Autumn. Name — Herba, an herb ; on herbs. Forres (Rev. Dr. Keith). Rose Hill, near Shrewsbury ! Wrekin, Salop ! HELOTIUM. 167 27. Helotium Humuli. (Lasch.) Cup very shortly stipitate or sessile, convex, becoming slightly concave, lutescent, firm ; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, slender, 2 to 3-guttulate, becoming uniseptate, straight or slightly curved, 16 — 20 X 4/i. Peziza Humuli — Lasch. in Rabh., "Herb. Myco.," ed. V ii. 221, and ed. i. 630. Helotium Humuli — Karst., '•' Myco. Fenn.," p. 112. Peziza Humilis — Desin., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1847, notice 84. Exs.— Koumg., "Fung. Gal./' 1859. On dead stems of Humuius Lupulus. Cup 1 line broad, scattered, mostly sessile, thick, waxy, glabrous, at first globose, then the disc becomes slightly depressed, almost marginate. The colour is at first white ; it then changes to pale yellow or pale brown. Name — Humuius, the hop ; on hops. Llanymynach ! 28. Helotium badium (nov. sp.). Gregarious, erumpent, sessile, at first turbinate and slightly concave, at length plane ; hymenium bay-brown, margin distinct and somewhat lighter; externally the same colour, glabrous ; asci broadly clavate, rather abruptly narrowed at the base ; sporidia 8, oblong- fusiform or subclavate, 3 to 5-guttulate, 20 x 5/*; para- physes filiform, slender. On dead twigs (willow ?) Cup ^ to 1 line broad ; margin entire and even. It has a general likeness to H. ferrugineum, but differs altogether in the fruit. Botanic Garden, Oxford ! 1822 (Mr. Baxter). (/3) On cones. 29. Helotium conigenum. (Pers.) Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, plane, at length convex, pale yellow or pallid, glabrous ; stem thick, 168 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. short, at length obliterated; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 6 X ^JJL. Helotium conigenum (Pers.) — Berk., " Out!.," p. 372 ; Cooke, "Handbk./' No. 2135 ; Karat., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 126; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 316; Gill., " Champ.," p. 159. Peziza conigena — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 634; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 139 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 205 ; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 49 ; Karst., " Pez. et Ascob.," p. 36 ; "Mon. Pez.," p. 152. On cones of Scotch fir in damp spots. Autumn. Cup J to ij a line broad ; gregarious ; stem often reduced to a mere point. Nylander and Karsten give the size of sporidia as 7 — 8 X 3*5//. Name — Conus, a cone, gignere, to bear ; on cones. Near Shrewsbury! Buttington, Montgomeryshire! (c) Sporidia cylindrical. (a) On wood. 30. Helotium scoparium. Cooke. Cup sessile, convex, becoming greyish in drying, disc rather paler ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical, obtuse, straight or curved, biguttulate, at length pseudo- septate, 20 — 25 X 5ju ; paraphyses filiform, granular. Helotium scoparium — Cooke, " Grevillea," iv. p. 112. On dead twigs of broom. Cup J a line broad ; scattered or subgregarious ; asci lOO^u long, 29/x broad. Name — Scoparius, brown ; on broom. Dupplin Castle, Perth (Dr. M. C. Cooke). (d) Sporidia doubtful. 31. Helotium punctiforme. (Grev.) Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, punctiform, globose, becoming expanded, at length convex, fleshy, glabrous, yellow ; margin crenulate. Peziza punctiformis — Grev., " Sc. Crypt. Flo.," t. 63. Helotium punctatum — Fries, " Summa Yeg. Scan./' HELOTIUM. 169 p. 356; Berk, " Out]./' p. 372; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2159. On dead oak leaves. Name — Punctum, a point, forma, shape; from the shape. Edinburgh (Dr. Greville). 32. Helotium phascoides. Fries. Of a waxy or watery consistence, minute, pallid, with a brick-red tinge ; head turbinate, plane ; stem short, sub-equal. Peziza phascoides — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 138 ; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 204. Helotium phascoides — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," 355 ; Berk., " Outl.," p. 372 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2136. On small mosses. " Mr. Wilson's specimens are subgregarious and perhaps a less red tinge, as far as may be judged from the dry plant, but there is no doubt that they are what Fries intends " (Berk, in " Eng. Flo.," I c.). I have not seen this ; it is not in Mr. Berkeley's herbarium. Name — Phascum, the genus of mosses on which it grows. 33. Helotium ochraceum. (Grev.) Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, smooth, yellowish- brown, fleshy; disc paler, concave, plane, or convex, sprinkled with granular shining particles; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8. Helotium ochraceum — Berk., " Outl.," p. 372 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2148. Peziza ochracea — Grev., t. 5 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 204. On the bark of a fallen tree. Autumn. Plants minute, gregarious, of an ochery brown colour, globular and concave in the young state, and gradually becoming plane or even somewhat convex ; substance thick and fleshy, not shrinking much in drying ; margin depressed, rounded, entire, somewhat showing a tendency 170 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. to become lobed ; barren or inferior surface smooth, rather rugose or puckered towards the root ; hymenium or upper surface appearing as if sprinkled with minute shining particles, not unlike small grains of brown sugar ; tubular cells containing the sporules, filiform, mixed with barren filaments ; sporules 5 to 8 (Grev., I. c.). Name — Ochraceus, colour of yellow ochre. Braid Hermitage, near Edinburgh (Dr. Greville) Shrewsbury (Rev. \V. A. Leigh ton). 32. Helotium agaricinum. Berk. Firm, dark green, convex, rather uneven ; margin revolute ; stem rather thick, obconic ; asci long, flexuous, obtuse. Peziza agaricina — Carm., MSS., " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 207; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2127. On decayed wood. Plant 1J to 2 lines broad, very much resembling at first sight Helotium wrens (Pers. in litt.), but on closer inspection quite different (" Eng. Flo."). 33. Helotium buccina. Fries. Rather large, infundibuliform, dull yellow ; stem thickened, striate, somewhat incurved. Peziza buccina — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 129 ; "Eng. Flo./' v. p. 202. Helotium buccina — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," 355; Berk, " Outl.," p. 372; Cooke, "Handbk, "2141. On wood and pine branches. Rare. Carmichaers original specimen (129, Kew. Herb.) is J of an inch broad, -J high, and decidedly gelatinoso- cartilaginous. It is, to me, a Guepinia, there being no asci present. Carmichael considered it a Tremella. 34. Helotium sclerotioides. Berk. Convex, umbilicate, clear red-brown, concave beneath, and confluent with the short obconic stem ; asci slender ; sporidia (?). Peziza sclerotioides — Berk, in "Eng. Fung.," v. p. MOLLISIA. 171 208. Helotium sclerotioides—Berk,, " Outl.," 371 ; Cooke. " Handbk./' 2128. On decayed wood. At first sight resembling Sclerotium quercigenum ; about 1 line broad (M. J. Berkeley). The only specimen under this name I have seen is in the Kew Herbarium, and it has no fruit. Appin (Carmichael). Near Bristol (Mr. A. Leipner). GENUS VII. — MOLLISIA. Fries. Minute, sessile, urceolate, cupulate or plane ; sub- stance soft, rarely waxy ; exterior glabrous or furfura- ceous, even or plicate ; sporidia 8, minute, globose, elliptic, fusiform or filiform, hyaline, simple or 1 -septate. (Plate VI. figs. 32-36.) Growing on vegetable substances. For the most part darker in colour and softer than Helotium; the minute pore by which the cup opens visible from the first. Never hairy or even tomentose. Name — Mollis, soft. ARRANGEMENT OF SUBGENERA. I. Niptera II. Pyrenopeziza III. Dilutella IV. Mollisiella .. V. Hysteropeziza VI. Pseudopeziza VII. Peristomealis KEY TO THE SUBGENERA. through a narrow black 2. 3. Margin furnished with a peristome Margin not furnished with a peristome (Emerging when moist slit ... ^Emerging when moist through the epidermis by a lacerated aperture (resembling Phacidium) (Seated on the epidermis Texture rather firm ; cups plane Texture soft ; cups globose (mostly black). Texture soft, scarcely coloured, at length expanded (Glabrous \Minutely granulated 1-11 12-32 33-37 bS-46 47 48-51 52 Peristomealis. 1 Hysteropeziza. Pseudopeziza. 2 Niptera. Pyrenopeziza. 3 Dilutella . Mollisiella. 172 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. SUBGENUS I. — NIPTERA. Fckl. (in part). Cup sessile, concave or plane, soft or waxy, glabrous or granulose ; sporidia ovate or fusiform, simple, some- times 1-septate. (Plate VI. fig. 32.) Name — Niptrum, a basin ; from the shape. ARRANGEMENT OP THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia ovate, apiculate . . B. Sporidia oblong-elliptic c. Sporidia fusiform or oblong-fusiform (a) On wood (6) On fir-cones . . (c) On herbaceous stems (d) On culms of Arundo KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hymenium yellow Hyrnenium grey . . Hymenium pallid (Externally ochery-yellow \Externally umber-brown Externally watery cinereous . . Externally greenish-brown . . Externally cinereous or livid ; margin pal disc •• •• •• •• • • Externally rufous ; margin fimbriate Externally brownish-black . . .Externally black . . . . o ("Exterior pallid: on Arundo .. ' \Exterior pallid : on Peltiyera canina , JMargin fimbriate ' \Margin entire • . . . . species 1 2 3-5 6 7-10 11 2. 1 2 3 Teucrii. discolor. benesueda. er tha aquosa. \ cinerea.' urticicola. fallax. 4 arundinacea epitliallina. cyanites. atro-cinerea. A. SPORIDIA OVATE, APICULATE. 1. Mollisia aquosa. (B. and Br.) Cup at first closed, then expanded, plane, or slightly concave, greenish-brown, smooth ; hymenium watery grey; sporidia biseriate, ovate, apiculate, 5 — 6 X 2'5 — 3-5/1. Peziza, (Mollisia) aquosa — B. and Br. in " Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1326, t. xx. f. 19 ; "Grevillea," i. p. 130. On or with Sphceria hirsuta, on willow. January. Resembling P. cinerea, but smoother and more con- MOLLISIA. 173 cave when young, with totally different spores. Cup •024 inch diameter, growing on Sphceria hirsuta, and its mycelium, accompanied by a brown mould, consisting of erect, simple, articulated threads, surmounted by a single oblong uniseptate spore, '0005 inch (12/u) long ; asci •002 inch (50M) ; sporidia "0002 to '00025 inch (5 to 6/u) long, '0001 to -00015 inch (2'5 to 3'5^) wide ; bright orange when treated with iodine (B. and Br.). Name — A qua, water ; watery. B. SPORIDIA OBLOXG-ELLIPTIC. 2. Mollisia epithallina. Phil, and Plow. Congregated, sessile, disciform, immarginate, pallid- white ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- eUiptic, 8 X 2/i ; paraphyses slender, slightly thickened upwards. Peziza (Mollisia) epithallina — Phil, and Plow, in " Grevillea," vi. p. 24. On thallus of Peltigera canina. Name — tiri, upon, SaAAoe, a branch or thallus of a lichen ; from its habitat. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). C. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM OR OBLONG-FUSIFORM. (d) On ivood. 3. Mollisia cinerea. (Batsch.) Cups gregarious or scattered, at first urceolate, at length applanate, cinereous or nearly livid ; margin entire, whitish, not unfrequently repand or flexuose ; hymenium when dry cinereous, yellowish, or becoming blackish ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or subfusiform, straight or curved, 5 — 12 X 1 — 2^u; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza cinerea — Batsch, p. 196, f. 137; Pers., " Obs.," ii. p. 80; " Myco. Eur./' i. p. 302; Wahl, "Flo. Suec.," ii. 174 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. p. 1030; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 142; Sow, t. 64; With., v. p. 312; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 205; Karst., "Pez. et Ascob," p. 37; " Mon. Fez.," p. 158; Nyl., "Fung. Fenn.," p. 60; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2100. Peziza callosa— Bull., t. 416, f. 1; "Flo. Dan./' t. 1490, f. 2. Peziza salicaria — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 308. Trochila salicaria — De Not., "Disc.," p. 15. Mollisia cinerea — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 189 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 134. Niptera cinerea — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 292. Exs. — Desm, "Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. No. 1421, ed. ii. No. 921 ; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," No. 735 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," No. 390, ed. ii. 382 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," No. 125 ; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," No. 2116 and 1643; Eoumg., " Fung. Gal.," 831. On decaying wood. Autumn to spring. Cup J to 2 line broad. " Often crowded, equal or lobed, and waved at the margin ; hymenium pale or grey, watery, paler towards the circumference; substance soft and sometimes almost gelatinous ' (Grev.). This should be compared with Lachnella Schumacheri. Name — Cinis, ashes ; ash-colour. Found everywhere. 4. Mollisia benesuada. (Tul.) Gregarious or fasciculate erumpent, sessile, at first subhemispherical, then expanded, becoming convex, difformed, waxy ; externally glabrous, watery cinereous ; hymenium pallid or brownish ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia fusiform or oblong-fusiform, hyaline, 10 X 2'5/i. Peziza benesuada — Tul., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1853, t 15 f . 8 9. Ex's.— Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 175; Rehm, "Asco.," 756 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 653. On dead branches of alder. Cups about i a line broad. These burst out through the bark in little heaps, much crowded and difformed. The supposed spermatia are rarely to be met with. This is very near M. cinerea and M. fallax. Name — Bene, well, suadeo, to persuade ; from afford- MOLLISIA. 175 ing evidence of the author's views on the question of reproductive bodies. Near Ludlow, Salop ! Neatishead (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 5. Mollisia discolor. (Mont.) Gregarious, suberumpent, sessile, waxy, plano-patel- late, externally umber-brown ; hymenium wax-yellow ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, hyaline, 4-guttulate, 8 X 2^u. Patellaria discolor — Mont., "Syll.," p. 190; Berk., " Outl.," p. 373 ; Cooke, " Hanclbk.," No. 2169. On dead wood ; on branches of Cornus sanguined, (Mont.). Cup £ to i a line ; crowded or scattered ; when young subheniispherical, at length expanded; disc bluish or cinereous, or brownish ; the pseudo-parenchyma consists of brown subglobose cells. Name — Discolor, of various colours. Yar. Riccia (Sacc.). Niptera Riccia — Sacc., " Myco. Ven. Sp.," p. 162, t. xvi. f. 3-6. Exs.— Sacc., " Fung. Ven.," iv. 33. Differing in its mode of growth, having lobed margin. Gopsall ! (Bloxam). Sutton Coldfield ! (W. B. Grove). (6) On fir-cones. 6. Mollisia fallax. (Desm.) Cups scattered or crowded, at first hemispherical, at length applanate, brownish-black ; margin entire, sub- involute, paler ; hymenium cinereous or discoloured brown ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or fusiform, straight, at length uniseptate, 10 X 2/1 ; para- physes scarce. Peziza fallax — Desm. (non Pers.. " Myco. Eur."), " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1845, p. 367. Mollisia fallax— Gill., " Champ.," p. 119. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. No. 1420, ed. ii. No. 920; Roumg., "Fung. Gal.," 1253. 176 BEITISH DISCOMYCETES. On cones of Pinus sylvestris. Cup J to J a line broad. This differs from P. cinerea (Batsch) in the browner shade, and always occurring on cones. Name — Fallax, deceitful; from its resemblance to others. Generally distributed. (&) On herbaceous stems. 7. Mollisia cyanites (nov. sp.). Cooke and Phil. Gregarious, minute, sessile, concave, then plane, black ; margin fimbriate ; hymenium bluish grey ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindraceo-fusiform, elongated, 5 to 7-guttulate, 25 X o^u ; paraphyses filiform, slender. On herbaceous stems. Cup -J to J of a line broad. Name — KVUVOQ, dark blue. Scotland (?) ; Klotzsch in Kew Herbarium. ! 8. Mollisia atro-cinerea. (Cooke.) Gregarious or scattered, sessile, slightly concave or plane ; externally black, glabrous ; hymenium cinereous ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or cylindrical, straight or curved, 5 — 7 X l/i ; paraphyses not seen. Peziza atro-cinerea — Cooke in Exs. " Fung. Brit.," No. 382. On herbaceous stems (?). Cups J to J of a line broad. Name — Ater, black, cinis, ashes ; from the black exterior and the ashy disc. 9. Mollisia Teucrii. (Fckl.) Gregarious, sessile, watery transparent, very pale yellowish-white, somewhat ochery-yellow, at first nearly closed, excavated, becoming plane, orbicular, marginate, outside the margin scarcely pubescent ; hymenium same colour, when dry becoming yellow; asci cylindrical, globose-stipitate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical or fusiform, 8 X 1/i ; paraphyses filiform. MOLLISIA. 177 Niptera Teucrii- -Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," supp. i p. 47. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Rh," 2378; Phil, "Elv. Brit," No. 181. On dead stems of Teucrium scorodonia, in damp places. Cups 500/z broad, often crowded, when dry nearly black ; asci with a subglobose base. Name — Teucrium, a genus of Labiacece. Trefrew, North Wales ! 10. Mollisia urticicola. Phil. Gregarious, sessile, subhemispherical, becoming nearly- plane, externally glabrous, pale rufous-brown ; margin fimbriate ; hymeniurn from pale cinereous to pale brown ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or cylin- drical, 7 X 1/u; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza urticicola— Phil., " Elv. Brit," No. 177. On dead stems of Urtica, lying in a damp place occasionally inundated. Cups about 500 /LI broad. Name — Urtica, the nettle, colo, to inhabit. Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! Oil culms of Arundo. 11. Mollisia arundinacea. (D. C.) Gregarious, erumpent, sessile, plane, orbicular, thin, waxy ; hymeniurn pallid, becoming fuliginous ; margin narrow, darker ; asci cylindraceo-clavate : sporidia narrowly fusiform, 10 — 15 x 2^u. Xyloma arundinaceum — D. C, " Flo. Fr," vi. p. 162 ; Eustegia arundinacea — Fries, "Sys. Myco." ; "Elench," p. 112; " Grevillea," iv. p. 67. Stegia arundinacea — Fckl, " Symb. Myco," supp. i. p. 328. * Exs.— Moug. and Nest, No, 983; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," 11, No. 380. On culms of Arundo Phragmites. About J of a line broad ; usually seated on a blackish \* 178 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. or brownish space. When old the hymenium separates from the excipulum in the manner of an operculum, which led the illustrious Fries to place it in his genus Eustegia. Name — Arundinaceus, belonging to a reed. Shrewsbury ! SUBGENUS II. — PYRENOPEZIZA. Fckl. (in part). Cup erumpent or superficial, globose, then expanded* opening at first by a minute pore; glabrous or fur- furaceous, often vertically plicate, black, cinereous, or dark brown (except elaphines) ; sporidia elliptic, fusiform or filiform, simple, rarely uniseptate, hyaline. (Plate VI. fig. -S3.) Name — Trvpfiv, a kernel, and peziza ; from the globose form. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Cups superficial. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong (&) Sporidia sub fusiform (c) Sporidia filiform B. Cups erumpent. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong . . (6) Sporidia fusiform or elongate -fusiform (c) Sporidia cylindrical or acicular species 12 „ 13-19 20-21 22-24 25-27 28-32 2.4 ^H KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hymenium fuscous-black: on wood. . Hymenium fuliginous : on Typha Hymenium brown Hymenium cinereous Hymenium whitish or watery-grey . . Hymenium pallid Externally brown, scabrous : on Arctium Externally brownish ; margin striate : on Juncus . . Externally umber-brown, rugnlose; margin fim- briate : on grass Externally pale umber-brown, farinoso-tomentose : on UmbelUferae Externally black, rugose ; margin crenulate, paler : growing in lines on Plctntago Externally blackish, mealy ; margin entire : on Plantago Externally black, scabrous, rugose; margin con- tracted Externally blackish, squamulose : on Digitalis . . fcecunda. Typhae. 1 2 3 lignicola. Arciii. micrometm. gramin is. Grevellei. nervisequia. Plantaginis. jugosa. Diyitalina. MOLLISIA. 179 'Externally fawn-colour, sprinkled with saccharine granules : on wood . . . . . . . . . . elaphines. Externally black, rugose ; margin whitish. . .. atrata. Externally black, rugose; margin erect: on Lychnis sphxroides. Externally black, rugose: on Carex. . . . . melatephra. Externally umber- brown, glabrous; margin entire, « i white . . . . . . . . . . . . paulula. Externally tawny, glabrous ; margin tumid . . arenevaga. Externally cinereous, granulated ; margin denticu- late : on leaves . . . . . . . . . . vibumicola. Externally cinereous; margin entire, paler. . . . ebuli. Externally brownish black : on Artemisia . . . . artemisix. Externally whitish or greyish brown; margin entire, sinuous . . . . , , . . . . . palustrie. A. SUPERFICIAL (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong. 12. Mollisia nervisequia. (Pers.) Sessile, seriate, at first nearly globose, then expanded, perpendicularly rugose, blackish grey ; margin crenulate, paler ; hymenium concave, cinereous or black ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or oblong, 13 X 3^u ; paraphyses filiform, slender. (Plate VI. fig. 33.) Peziza nervisequia — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," 308 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. ] 03 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 1171; Cooke, " rlandbk," No. 2121. Exs.—Desm., " Crypt. Fr," 2012; Roumo-., « Stirpes," 331. On dead leaves of Plantago lanceolata ; chiefly on the nerves of the leaves. Winter. This very much resembles M. plantaginis, but the asci and sporidia are much larger, besides the habit of growth on the nerves. Name — Nervus, a nerve, and sequor, to follow. Batheaston (Mr. C. E. Broome). (b) Sporidia subfusiform. 13. Mollisia elaphines. (B. and Br.) Gregarious, subglobose, sessile, pale fawn-colour; mouth paler, white, sprinkled with saccharine granules ; hymenium watery-grey ; asci clavate or clavate fusi- 180 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. form ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 8 X 2/u ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza elo^phines — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 1325, t. xix. f. 18; Grevillea, i. p. 130. Mollisia ela])hines — Gill., "Champ.," p. 131. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," No. 659 ; Rabh., " Fung. Eur. " 1813. On dead wood. January. Cup 300jm broad. " Granules often disposed in lines so that the cups are radiated " (B. and Br.). Name- - l\a^tvrjg, a fawn ; fawn-coloured. St. Catherine's ; Copthorn, near Shrewsbury I 14. Mollisia lignicola (nov. sp.). Gregarious or scattered, sessile, at first globose, at length somewhat expanded ; externally scabrous and vertically rugose, brown or blackish-brown, when dry black ; margin subfimbriate from the slightly unequally elongated cells ; hymenium pallid ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical or fusiform, obtuse, straight or curved, 5 — 8 X 1*5 — 2/u ; paraphyses indistinct. Mollisia lignicola — Phillips in " Grevillea," v. xv. p. 113. On old worked wood (on an old gate). Cup J to \ a line broad ; when dry collapsed, but not plane, even when moist ; asci 35 X 4/z ; sporidia biseriate. The marginal cells have the form of short, septate, blunt hairs when highly magnified. Bagley Wood, Berkshire, 1821 ! (Mr. Baxter in Kew Herb.). 15. Mollisia Grevillei. (Berk.) Cups scattered or gregarious, sessile or subsessile, at first globose, then hemispherical, pale umber, farinoso- tomentose ; margin paler and fimbriate ; hymenium the same colour ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- fusiform, straight or curved, 3-guttulate, 6 — 8 X 2/u ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza Grevillei— Berk., " Eng. Flo.," v. p 198; MOLLISIA. 181 Cooke, "Handbk.," 2056. Peziza nidulus—Grev., "Flo. Edin.," p. 420 ; Johnst., "Flo. Berw," ii. p. 149. On dead stems of Umbelliferce. Cups very minute, generally sessile, but sometimes subsessile ; nearly the same colour throughout, and so nearly the shade of the dead stem on which they grow as to be hardly distinguishable. The dry specimens show no hairs, but are fimbriate on the margin, owing to the unequal length of the hair-like cells which adhere together. Name — After Dr. Greville. Near Edinburgh ! (Dr. Greville). Near Berwick, on the cow-parsnip (Johnst., "Flo. Berw.," I. c.~). 16. Mollisia atrata. (Pers.) Gregarious, prominent, at first nearly spherical and concave, then plane, cinereous or fuscescent, perpen- dicularly rugose ; margin whitish ; hymenium at first whitish, becoming cinereous ; asci fusiform-clavate or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 8 — 10 x Ifj. ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza atrata— Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 660; "Myco. Eur," i. p. 306; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 148; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 207 ; Berk., " Out].," p. 371 ; Karst., " Fez. et Ascob.," p. 40; "Mon. Fez.," p. 159; Cooke, " Handbk," 2112; Fat., p. 38, f. 92. Peziza atratula—Nyl., "Fez. Form.," p. 61. Mollisia atrata— Gill., " Champ.," p. 127. Exs.— Desm, "Crypt. Fr," ed. i. 604, ed. ii. 123; Karst, "Fung. Fenn.," 822 ; Fckl., 1869; Roumg., "Fung. Gal," 450. On dead herbaceous stems. Autumn. It is to my mind very doubtful whether the plant generally accepted by authors, and described above, is the true plant of Persoon. That his plant grew on trunks he distinctly states, while most authors of to-day accept one or other of several closely allied plants that grow on herbaceous stems and leaves. It would only tend to con- fusion, however, to disturb this state of things ; we have, therefore, followed Dr. Karsten's view of the species. 182 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Ater, black. Shrewsbury ! Hereford ! Trefriw, North Wales ! Form Aspa/ragi. (Winter.) Scattered or crowded, globose or hemispherical, nigri- cant, scabrous ; margin whitish, connivent ; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform ; 8 — 10 X 1/z; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza atrata, form Asparagi — Winter in Rabh., "Fung. Eur.,"No. 1908. Exs.— Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," I. c. On dead stems of asparagus. Autumn. Name — Asparagus, the wrell-known herb. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Form (Enantlies. Phil. Gregarious, at first globose, then hemispherical, gla- brous, even, cinereous or nigricant ; margin paler ; asci fusiform or clavate-fusiform ; sporidia oblong-fusiform, 8 X \fj. ; paraphyses scarce. Peziza atrata, form (Enanthes, in " Elv. Brit." Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 179. On^dead stems of (Enanthe crocata. Autumn Cup about '3 mm. broad. Name — (Enanthe, a genus of Umbelliferce. Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! Form ulmarice. (Lasch.) Gregarious, minute, at first globose, nigricant, per- pendicularly rugose, afterwards expanded, brownish- black ; margin whitish, connivent ; hymenium concave, cinereous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, cylin- draceo-fusiform, 5 — 8 X 15^; paraphyses filiform, scarce. Peziza ulmarice — Lasch in Klotzsch, " H. M.," 1723 ; "Flora," 1853, p. 201 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2109. Exs.— Lasch in Klotzsch, "H. M.," 1723; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 399 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 74. On dead stems of Spircea ulmaria, in damp places. Autumn. MOLLISIA. 183 Very minute, gregarious, black with a whitish con- nivent mouth, globose at first, afterwards cup-shaped; asci 30 X 3,u. Name — The specific name of Spircea ulmaria. Wear Coppice, near Shrewsbury ! Forres, N.B. ! (Rev Dr. Keith). Form Mercurialis. (Fckl.) Sessile, at first closed and globose, then open, nearly plane, externally black, squamulose ; margin connivent, whitish, fimbriate ; hymenium cinereous ; asci cylin- clraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or subcylindrical, 7 — 9 X l'5ju; paraphyses filiform, slender. Niptera Mercurialis — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 293. Peziza Mercurialis — " Grevillea," vi. p. 24. Exs.— Fckl., " F. Rh.," 1593 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 180. On dead stems of Mercurialis perennis. Autumn. Externally resembling M. atrata. Name — M&rcu/rialis, a genus of Euphorbiacece. Trefriw, North Wales ! 17. Mollisia Arctii. Phil. Scattered, sessile, at first subglobose, then expanded, scabrous, darkish brown; margin paler, serrated, erect or sub-involute ; hymenium when moist pale watery- brown ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, linear-lanceolate, biseptate, 30 — 45 x 5/u ; paraphyses linear, stout. Peziza Arctii- -Phil, in Bucknall's "Fung. Bristol," No. 999, fig. 5. On dead stems of Arctium Lappa. Cup about 500// broad. Name — Arctium, a genus of Compositce. Blaize Castle Wood and Leigh Woods, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 18. Mollisia Plantaginis. (Fckl.) Sessile, gregarious, minute, punctiform, at first closed, globose, at length open, clad with a blackish meal ; margin involute ; hymenium concave, cinereous or pallid- 184 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. brown; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, biseriate, fusiform, 2-guttulate, 10 — 15 x 2 — 3/x; paraphyses fili- form, slender. Pyrenopeziza Plantaginis — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 295. Peziza Plantaginis — " Grevillea," i. p. 131. Peziza atrata, form foliicola — Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," No. 1313. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," 1313; Fckl., « F. Rh.," 1594; Cooke, "Fung. Brit./' No. 653, ed. ii. No. 386; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 37. On dead leaves of Plantago lanceolata. Autumn. Externally like P. atrata, but asci and sporidia larger. Name — Plantago, a genus of Plantaginacece. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 19. Mollisia jugosa. Phil, and Plow. Crowded, globose, sessile, vertically rugose, scabrous, black, mouth contracted ; hymenium cinereous ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or fusiform, 3 to 5-guttulate, becoming 3 to 5-pseuclo-septate, 14 — 18 X 3 — 5/u. ; paraphyses numerous, adherent. Peziza (Mollisia) jugosa — Phil, and Plow, in " Gre- villea," xiii. p. 74. On dead herbaceous stems. Cup 200/x broad. This is in external characters like P. atrata. Name — Jugosus, ridged. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). (c) Sporidia filiform. 20. Mollisia micrometra. (B. and Br.) Cup very minute, subturbinate, brownish, mouth somewhat contracted, finely striate, attached by strong villous hairs ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, filiform. Peziza micrometra — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 773; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2115. On dead steins of Juncus. MOLLISIA. 185 Extremely minute, punctiform, horn-brown; hyme- nium plane (B. and Br., I. c.). Cup not more than lOO^u broad. The sporidia refuse to quit the asci in the specimen examined, hence the measurement cannot be safely given. Name — nLKP°S> small, n^rpa, the womb; from the minute interior. Twy cross ! (Rev. A. Bloxam). 21. Mollisia viburnicola. B. and Br. Minute, punctiform, subglobose, then hemispherical, cinereous, externally granulated ; margin denticulate, furfuraceous ; hymenium paler ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, filiform, 10 — 12 X 1/u; paraphyses filiform. Peziza viburnicola — B. and Br. in " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1170; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2120. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 656, ed. ii. No. 385 ; Phil., "Elv. Brit," No. 85; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," 1818. On either side of dead leaves of Vibwrwum. Cup about 300 to 500/i broad, "externally speckled with little dark tufts of cells, which sometimes give out a few short flexuous hairs " (B. and Br.). The sporidia are linear-oblong, straight, or a little bent. Name — Viburnum, name of the shrub on which it grows, colo, to inhabit. Shere, Surrey ! (Dr. Capron). B. ERUMPEXT. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong. 22. Mollisia graminis. (Desm.) Gregarious or scattered, erumpent, hemispherical, rugulose, umber or cinereous-umber ; hymenium pale umber or pallid-grey ; margin fimbriate, villose-white ; asci clavate or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic, 15 x 2'5ju ; paraphyses filiform, stout. Peziza graminis — Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. No. 1066 ; Karst, "Mon. Fez," p. 160 (?). Mollisia graminis — Karst, "Myco. Fenn," p. 195 ; Gill., "Champ," p. 122. 186 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1066, and ed. ii. 466 ; Karst., "Fung. Fenn," 831 (?) ; Eehm, "Asco," 253; Thum., " Mycoth. Univ.," 216 ; Rabh, " Fung. Eur.," 1623. On dead Triticum sylvaticum, etc. A minute species ; when dry concealed under the epidermis, issuing when moist through a narrow slit, assuming an elliptic or circular form. The sporidia in Karsten's species differ in outline from those in my plant, and may be different. Name — Gramen, grass ; growing on grass. Shrewsbury ! 23. Mollisia arenevaga. (Desm.) Erumpent, minute, scattered, soft waxy, glabrous, when young globose, then plane ; externally tawny, with a somewhat tumid tawny elevated margin, which is black when dry; hymenium watery whitish, becoming brown when dry ; asci clavate, subcylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic, hyaline, obtuse at the ends, 15 x 5/x; paraphyses filiform. Peziza arenevaga — Desm., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1852; " Grevillea," iv. p. 122. Helotium arenevaga — Gill., "Champ.," p. 160. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr," ii. 517; Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 84. On dead culms and leaves of Psamma arenaria. Name — Arena, sand, vagus, wandering ; in sandy places. Towyn, North Wales ! Scotland ! (F. Currey, Esq.). 24. Mollisia paulula. (Rob.) Erumpent, very minute, scattered or gregarious, sessile, soft waxy, glabrous, subglobose, externally between umber-brown and olivaceous ; internally pallid- white ; mouth connivent, white, entire ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 2-guttulate, 12 x 4/i ; paraphyses fili- form, stout. Peziza paulula — Rob. in Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. No. 2010; "Ann. Sc. Nat," 1851, p. 324, B. and Br. ; MOLLISIA. 187 "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 960; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2116. Exs.— Desm, "Crypt. Fr," ed. i. No. 2010, and ed. ii. No. 1610; Klotzsch, 823. On dead culms of Jiincus maritimus. Autumn. Extremely minute. Name — Paulidus, very small. Isle of Wight ! (Rev. A. Bloxam). (b) Spori) Sporidia elliptic . . . . . . „ 9-14 (c) Sporidia fusiform . . . . . . „ 15-16 B. Cups smaller ; hairs olten fasciculate. (a) Sporidia elliptic .. .. .. „ 17-18 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hymenium brown . . . . . . . . . . 1 Hymenium red . . . . . . . . 2 Hymenium pallid-ochraoeous . . . . . . Sumneriana. Hymenium cinereous, livid, or bluish white . . 3 'Externally brown, having short hairs; cups im- mersed . . . . . . . . . . . . geaster. Externally brown, having^long flexuous hairs ; cups 1. \ immersed . . . . . . . . . . . . arenicola. Externally brown, having longish rigid hairs ; cups sessile . . . . . . . . . . . . gregaria. .Externally brown ; hairs fasciculate ; cups sessile. . brunnea. (Externally brown ; hymenium orange-red . . . . lapidaria. 2 I Externally brown ; hymenium deep flesh-red . . hybrida. " j Externally scarlet .. .. .. .. .. h'rto-coccinea. (Externally fulvous var. fulvo-coccinea. LACHNEA. 209 [Externally brown, having long flexuous hairs; hymenium livid; cups immersed . . . . . . sepulta. o ! Externally brown, having long straight hairs ; hymenium livid ; cups sessile . . . . . . hemispherica. Externally brown, having short rigid hairs ; hyrne- i, nium watery grey ; cups sessile . . . Woolhopeia. A. CUPS LARGE, OFTEN IMMERSED. (a) Sporidia globose. 8. Lachnea brunnea. (A and S.) Cups gregarious, subcrespitose, sessile, hemispherical, then depressed, subnexuose, brown, externally clothed with minute, rigid, fasciculate, brown, septate hairs ; hymenium the same colour ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, asperate, 15 — 18^u; paraphyses slender, septate, apices clavate. Peziza brunnea — A. and S. in " Consp.," p. 317. Lachnea brunnea — Gill, " Champ.," p. 72. On the ground. November. Cups 1 to 2 lines broad. The above description embraces the characters of Albertini and Schweiiiitz's species, with the addition of microscopical characters of a plant referred to it by Mr. C. E. Broome, which agrees admirably in external cha- racters. No original examples are at present known to exist either in American or British herbaria of Albertini and Schweinitz's species ; there must always remain a doubt, therefore, whether we have the true plant. Name — Brunneus, dark brown. Near Hereford ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). (b) Sporidia elliptic. 9. Lachnea sepidta. (Fries.) Cups sessile, subterranean, globose, at first closed, then opening by a narrow mouth, at length splitting into many unequal lacinise ; externally clothed with long, flexuose, branched, septate, brown hairs ; hymenium urceolate, brownish or livid; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, P 210 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. broadly elliptic, 1 to 2 or several guttse, smooth, 22— 24 x 1 2/i ; paraphyses stout, septate, apices clavate. (Plate VI. fig. 39.) Pezizou sepulta — Fries, " Nov. Symb. Myco.," 1851, p. 126; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 766; Berk., " Outl," p. 365 ; Cooke, « Handbk.," No. 2019 ; " Gre- vniea," iii. fig. 212'; Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 112. Exs.— Phil., " Elv. Brit./' 63 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. No. 544. On the ground, after autumnal rains. Cups 1 to 2 inches broad, globose, clothed with dense woolly fibres, the upper portion often breaking off irregularly and so exposing the disc (B. and Br.). This is very closely allied to Peziza arenaria (Osbeck) and P. arenicola (Lev.). It bears also a close resem- blance to the genus Hydrocystis — Tul. (B. and Br.). Name — Sepultus, buried. East Bergholt (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Forden, North Wales ! (Rev. J. E. Vize). 10. Lachnea geaster. (B. and Br.) Cups scattered, sessile, subterranean, globose, bursting into a few lacinise ; externally villose, brown ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 1-guttate, smooth, 18 — 23 X 10 — 11/x; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Peziza geaster — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," 3 866, Nos. 956 and 1162, t. 4, f. 26 (nee Gonn. and Rabh., iii. t. 3, f. 5) ; " Grevillea," iii. fig. 223 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2018; " Mycogr.," fig. 114. Amongst comminuted stone and earth. October. Cups about J an inch in diameter. The surface is not warty, as in P. arenaria (B. and Br.). Name — yrj, the earth, aarfip, a star; Geaster, a genus of fungi, which it somewhat resembles. Wentworth (Mr. J. Henderson). Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 11. Lachnea arenicola. (Lev.) Cups sessile, subterranean, subglobose, tben cup- shaped, waxy, fibrillose, clothed with long, brown, LACHNEA. 211 flexuous hairs, encrusted with sand; mouth constricted, becoming split and dentate ; hymenium fuscescent ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 1-guttulate, smooth, 20 X 12/z; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Var. Bloxami. (Cooke.) Differs from the type in the colour of the disc, which is fleshy-ochraceous, and the larger sporidia. Peziza Bloxami — Cooke, "Mycogr.," tig. 121. On sandy ground. Name — After the Rev. A. Bloxam. Near Liverpool (Rev. H. H. Higgins). 12. Lachnea lapidaria. (Cooke.) Hemispherical, then expanded ; externally brown, clad with fascicles of rather rigid, straight, pointed, brown, septate hairs ; hymenium orange-red ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 16 x 8//; paraphyses enlarged gradually from the centre upwards. Peziza hybrida — Cooke in " Grevillea," vol. xii. p. 43. Peziza lapidaria — Cooke in litt. Growing between paving-stones in an area. Cups f of an inch in diameter; hairs 200/z long, 8/1 broad. Name — Lapidariiis, pertaining to stones ; growing between stones. Bristol ! (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). 13. Lachnea hemispherica. (Wigg.) Cups scattered, sessile, at first globose, soon hemi- spherical, entire, the margin also becoming replicate ; ex- ternally subfuscous, sparsely covered, especially near the margin, with fasciculate brown hairs ; hymenium bluish white ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 2-guttulate, smooth, 20 — 24 X 10 — 13/* mm. ; paraphyses septate, clavate at the apices. Peziza hemispherica — Wigg. in Hoffm., " Crypt.," ii. t. 7, fig. 6 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 82; "Flo. Dan.," t. 1558, 212 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. lig. 2 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," 68 ; Weinm., p. 435 ; Crouan, " Flo. Fin./' p. 52 ; Kickx., " Crypt. Flan./' i. 492 ; Weberb., L t. i. f. 4 ; " Eng. Flo./' v. p. 193 ; Berk., " Outl./' p. 367 ; Cooke, " Handbk." No. 2016; "Mycogr.," fig. 115; Pat., p. 34, f. 82 ; "Grevillea," iii. fig. 95. Octospora fasciculata— Hedw., " Mus. Frond./3 ii. t. 4, f. E. Humaria hemispkerica -FckL, " Symb. Myco," p. 322. Peziza labdlum—BulL, " Champ.," t. 204. Peziza hirsuta— Holms., " Ot," ii. t. 19. Elvela albida—Schseff., " Icon.," 1. 151, t. 319. Peziza hispida — Sow., "Fung.," t. 147. Lachnea hemispherica — Gill., " Champ.," p. 73, c. i. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Eh.," 1211; Desm., "Crypt. Fr," i. 1311; Rabh., "Fung. Eur." 630; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 143 ; Rehm, " Asco.," 5 ; Ellis, " N. A. Fungi," 838 ; Phil., "Elv. Brit," 159 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit./' ed. ii. No. 553. On the ground in shady places. Autumn. Cups i to 1 inch broad ; flesh brittle, between waxy and fleshy ; externally dark brown or smoky-brown ; hairs rigid, attenuated to a sharpish point, septate, fas- ciculate ; sporidia showing a tendency in age to become rough. Usually on the surface of the ground ; sometimes, however, they are somewhat immersed. Name — Hemisphcericum, half a sphere. Coed Coch, North Wales; Wrotham; and Linlitherow, N.B. (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Ascot (Mr. C. E. Broome). Epping and Dinmore, Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Gopsall (Rev. A. Bloxam). Beeston, St. Andrew, Nor- folk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Near Wrexham ! (Mr. B. Acton). Wrekin, Salop ! Boreatton Park ! Bomere Wood ! and Lilleshall, Salop ! 14. Lachnea hirto-coccinea. Phil, and Plow. Cups sessile, scattered or crowded, fleshy, hemi- spherical, then expanded, dull scarlet ; clothed with scattered, pale brown, obtuse, septate hairs, longest on the incurved margin ; hymenium same colour ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 1 to 2-guttulate, smooth, 22 x 11/x ; paraphyses rather slender, apices clavate, filled with scarlet granules. LACHNEA. 213 Penza Jdrto-coccinea- -Phil, and Plow, in "Grevillea," viii. p. 100; " Scott. Nat./' vi. 123. On the ground in pine woods, in damp, mossy places. Cups 2 to 4 lines broad. The hairs below the margin are shorter than those on the margin, and are often clavate, with or without septa. There is in some instances a conspicuous white mycelium below the cups. Name — Hirtus, hairy, coccineus, scarlet; from the scarlet disc and hairy exterior. Torres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Yar. fuLvo-cocdnea. Phil. Externally fulvous, sporidia smaller, 15 — 22 x 10 — 12/*. On the ground. Name — Fulvus, tawny, coccineus, scarlet ; from the scarlet disc and tawny exterior. Near Wrexham ! (Mr. T. B. Acton). (c) Sporidia fusiform. 15. Lachnea Sumneriana. (Cooke.) Cup large, scattered, waxy, sessile, at first globose, immersed, then partly exposed, becoming expanded, the margin splitting into irregular lobes ; externally chestnut- brown, covered with a dense coating of long, slender, brown, flexuous, septate hairs ; hymenium pallid-ochra- ceous, with a tint of flesh-colour ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly fusiform, nucleate, smooth, 30 — 32 x 12^u ; paraphyses slender. Peziza lanuginosa, var. Sumneri — Berk, in " Linn. Trans.," xxv. t. 55, fig. 1 ; Cooke, " Hanclbk.," p. 680, No. 2017 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," 1866, No. 1161, t. 4, f. 25; "Grevillea," iii. fig. 100; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 111. Exs.— Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," i. 471, ii. 362; Phil., « Elv. Brit," 62 ; Rabh, " Fung. Eur.," 1419. On the ground, under cedars, larch, etc. Spring. Cup 1 to 2 inches broad. At first entirely buried, then forcing its way through the soil, and splitting into several lobes, like a Geaster, which it much resembles 21-1 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. from its thick substance. The outer coat is densely clothed with flexuous hairs ; the sporidia are shortly and bluntly fusiform (B. and Br.). Name — In honour of Mrs. Holme Sumner. Fitcham Park (Mrs. Holme Sumner). Chiswick House ! (Mr. Edmonds). Ware, Herefordshire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Guy's Cliff, Warwick (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Orton (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 16. Lachnea hybrida. (Sow.) Cups crowded or scattered, sessile, hemispherical ; externally brown, paler towards the incurved margin, clothed with short, rigid, septate, brown hairs ; hymenium deep flesh-red ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusiform- elliptic, 2-guttulate, smooth, 21 — 25 X 8 — lOju ; para- physes not seen. Peziza hybrida — Sow. in "Eng. Fung.," t. 369, f. 1. Peziza brunnea — A. and S., of "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 193; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2020; " Mycogr.," fig. 126, 6. On the ground. Cups 2 to 6 lines broad. Sowerby says, " This Peziza resembles P. hispida (i.e. P. hemispherica), and is hairy on the outside, but whiter; the inside partakes of the redness of P. scutellata. We have had it growing two or three years at Mead Place, without any considerable variation " (I. c.). P. hispida (Sow.) has been usually quoted as a synonym of P. brunnea (A. and S.), erroneously, as it now appears, the original specimen having fortunately been found in Kew Herbarium. By the favour of Dr. Hooker we have been permitted to examine it, and have drawn up the above description. B. CUPS SMALLER ; HAIRS OFTEN FASCICULATE. (a) Sporida elliptic. 17. Lachnea gregaria. (Rehm.) Cups gregarious, sessile, hemispherical, concave; margin involute, becoming open, difformed, repand ; ex- LACHMEA. 215 ternally brown, covered with a very dense coat of rigid, fasciculate, brown, septate, strigose hairs ; hymenium livid-brown, becoming pallid ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusiform-elliptic, smooth, 22 x 10/z ; paraphyses filiform, septate, apices slightly thickened. Peziza gregaria — Rehm, " Asco.," No. 6 ; " Grevillea," iii. fig. 221 ; Winter in " Flora," 1873 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 123. Peziza kemispherica, var. /3. prootyimdla — Karst., "Hon. Fez.," p. 125 ; Karst., "Myco.Fenn," p. 69 (?). Peziza hemispherica, var. rtiinoi — NyL Peziza brunnea — Cooke in " Grevillea," iii. fig. 98. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ii. 368 ; Rehm, " Asco," 6 ; Rabh, " Fung. Eur," 1220 ; Desrn, " Crypt. Fr./' 1312 ; Rabh, " Fung. Eur," 1704. On the ground in shady woods. Autumn. Cups J to 1J line broad. Sporidia sometimes ex- ternally minutely rough. Name — Grex, a fiock ; growing in groups. Dimnore, Herefordshire ! Cirencester ! (Mr. Joshua). Lyonshall, Herefordshire ; and on burnt ground, Kew Gardens (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 18. Lachnea Woolhopeia. (Cooke and Phil.) Cups scattered, sessile, hemispherical, becoming nearly applanate ; externally clothed with erect, acute, septate, brown, fasciculate hairs ; hymenium watery-grey ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 1-guttulate, smooth, 20 — 22 x 13 — 15/x ; paraphyses filiform, apices clavate. Peziza Woolhopeia — Cooke and Phil, in " Grevillea," vi. p. 75 ; Cooke's " Mycogr," fig. 404 ; Pat, p. 74, f. 171. On burnt ground in woods. Autumn. Cups i to 1 line broad. Hairs fasciculate 150 to 200/i long, thick and brown at the base, pointed and hyaline above. Name — After the Woolhope Field Club. Downton, Salop ! (Mr. Cecil H. Spencer Perceval). 216 BEITISH DISCOMYCETES SUBGENUS III. — RHIZOPODELLA. Cooke. Cup fleshy, hemispherical ; externally adpresso- tomentose ; base rooting by means of coarse black hairs. (Plate VII. fig. 40.) The coriaceous texture of the single British species of this subgenus suggests its removal to Dermatece, near to Enccelia. Name — pi%a} a root, TTOVQ, a foot ; from the fibrillose base. 19. Lachnea melastoma. (Sow.) Cup substipitate, fleshy, subglobose ; externally brick- red, flocculose ; hymenium urceolate, black ; stem short, rooting by means of thick, black, strigose filaments ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblongo-elliptic, smooth, 25 x 9// ; paraphyses linear, apices subclavate. (Plate VII. fig. 40.) Peziza melastoma — Sow., " Fung.," t. 149 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 80; Weinm., " Hyni," p. 434; "Eng. Flo.," v. p.a92 ; Berk., " Outl.," p. 367 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2013 ; " Grevillea," iii. fig. 90 ; " Mycogr," fig. 103. Peziza atrorufa — Grev., t. 315. Peziza rhizopus — A. and S., 'Consp.," p. 317, t. 1, f. 4; Crouan, "Flo. Fin," p. 51. Peziza crenulata — FckL, " Bot. Zeit.," 1861 (cum icone). Plectania melastoma — FckL, " Symb. Myco./' p. 324. Lachnea melastoma — Gill., " Champ.," p. 66, c. i. Exs.— FckL, "F. Eh.," 1214, 1215; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 716. On rotten sticks, etc. Spring. Cup J to } of an inch broad. This species varies greatly as to degree of pubescence, being sometimes almost naked, sometimes beset with down, or even bristly hairs; the base, however, is always furnished with long, black, rooting, strigose filaments (" Eng. Flo."). Name — jutXciQ, black, orro^ua, a mouth. Hexam (Mr. Francis Scott). Auchindenny Wood, (Dr. Bainbridge). Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Sussex (Mr. C. H. Spencer Perceval). Plas Newydcl, North Wales (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bishop's Wood, LACHNEA. 217 Hampstead (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Epping (Mr. Jas. English). Whitfield, near Hereford ! SUBGEXUS IY. — SCUTELLIXIA. Cooke. Cups sessile ; externally clothed with coloured hairs ; margin ciliated with erect, rigid hairs. (Plate VII. fig. 41.) Name — Scutdla, a little saucer. i ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia globose. species 20 (a) Epispore echinulate (6) Epispore smooth B. Sporidia elliptic. (a) Epispore asperate. (a) Hymenium red, scarlet, or orange „ (/3) Hymenium yellow .. .. „ (7) Hymenium livid . . . . „ (?') Epispore smooth. (a) Hymeuium red or orange . . „ (ft) Hymenium yellow . . . . „ (7) Hymenium white or pallid. . „ KEY TO THE SPECIZS. Hymenium brown Hymenium red Hymenium yellow Hymeuium white, cinereous, or livid Growing on dung of animals Growing on spent hops Growing on wood Growing on the earth (Hairs of the cup all simple 2. < Hairs of the cup having stellate hairs intermixed • ( near the bnse fHairs of the cup pallid tawny ; sporidia globose Hairs of the cup short, bay ; sporidia subglobose Hairs of the cup short, brown, slender ; sporidia oblong-elliptic " Hairs of the cup short, delicate, flexuous; sporidia elliptic Hairs of the cup short, brown, slender ; sporidia elliptic 'Hairs brown, bristle-like ; sporidia asperate Hairs nearly colourless, longish,elender; exterior whitish j Hairs pale yellow, very long; exterior bright brown (Hairs chiefly on the margin .. 3. 22,23 2i 25 2G-31 32-34 35-37 It in idea* 1 4 5 2 rubra. scutcllafa. 3 coprinaria. stercorea. trechigpora. umbrorum. Mrta. umbrata. carnpn-sanguinea. vittllina. tlieleboloides. Dalmeniensis. erecta. 218 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 'Hairs long, straight, bulbous at the base; disc cinereous lulbocrinita Hairs short, reddish-brown ; paraphyses clavate ; - i disc white . . . . . . ' * Hairs short, erect, pale brown ; pamphyses linear; disc white . . . . . . . . . . cretea. Hairs short, obtuse, chiefly on the margin ; disc livid-glaucous livida. A. SPORIDIA GLOBOSE. (a) Epispore echinulate. 20. Lachnea trechispora. (B. and Br.) Cups scattered, sessile, at first hemispherical, then expanded, nearly plane, orange-red ; externally clothed with pallid, tawny, septate, somewhat rigid bristles ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8; globose, echinulate, 20/u ; paraphyses clavate at the apices. (Plate VII. fig. 41.) Peziza trechispora — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," xviii., 1846, p. 77 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2022 ; " Grevillea," iii. fig. 103 ; " Mycogr.," fig. 129. Lachnea trechispora- Gill., " Champ," p. 77, c. i. Exs.— Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," i. 288; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," 26. On damp ground in woods. Autumn. Cups J of an inch or more broad ; marginal hairs slender, tapering upwards, short, septate, brown, 1 line long. Name — rpayyg, rough, o-Tropoc, seed ; rough-spored. King's Clitie ; Aboyne ; Hornstock ; Powerscourt (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bristol; Batheaston (Mr. C. E. Broome). Forres, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Scot's Gap, Cambridgeshire (Mr. C. H. Spencer Perceval). Ventnor, Isle of Wight (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Glamis, N.B. (Rev. J. Stevenson). Dinmore, near Hereford ! Boinere Pool, near Shrewsbury ! Ercall Wood, Wellington, Salop ! Ludlow! Wenlock Edge, Salop! Highgate (Dr. M. C. Cooke). LACIINEA. 219 Epispore smooth. 21. Lachnea hinnulea. (B. and Br.) Cups scattered, sessile, hemispherical, then expanded, flexuose, marginate, between fleshy and waxy, chestnut- brown ; margin fimbriate, with short brown hairs ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, globose, with one large gutta, smooth, 12 — 14yz ; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Peziza hinnulea — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1320*; " Grevillea," ii. p. 129, 154; Cooke, "Mycogr," tig. 52. Peziza psammophila — Berk, and Curtis, ined. Exs.— Roumg., « Fung. Gal.," 2768. On the ground amongst grass. Autumn. Name — Hinnuleus, a young fawn ; from the colour. Powerscourt (Berkeley and Broome). B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC. (a) Epispore asperate. («) Hymenium red, scarlet, or orange. 22. Lachnea umbrorum. (Fckl.) Cups scattered, sessile, at first hemispherical, then expanded, nearly plane, fleshy, vermilion or flesh-coloured, paler when dry ; clothed externally with short, bay, septate, rather rigid bristles; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, nearly globose, tuberculate, 20 — 22 X 18/u ; paraphyses clavate at the apices, filled with red granules. Peziza umbrorum — Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 138. Hu- maria umbrorum — Fckl., " Symb. Myco," p. 323. Peziza umbrosa — Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 85 (in part); B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist," 1866, No. 1163, t. 4, f. 28 (var. with globose sporidia). Peziza umbrata — Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2024. Lachnea umbrorum- -Gill., « Champ.," p. 209, c. i. Exs.— Fckl, " F. Rh," No. 2080 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," No. 65. On damp ground in woods. Autumn* 220 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Cups 3 to 5 lines broad; marginal hairs short, rather stout, septate, brown. Name — Umbrosus, shady; growing in the shade. Berwick (Dr. Johnston e). Wrexham ! (Mr. B. Acton). Colwyn Bay (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 23. Lachnea hirta. (Schum.) Cups sessile, scattered, subhemispherical, fleshy; margin somewhat inflexed ; clothed externally with brown septate hairs, those on the margin short and slender; hymenium concave, scarlet; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic, asperate, 25 X 10^ ; para- physes clavate at the apices, filled with orange granules. Peziza hirta— Schum., " Saell." p. 422 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 84; Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 245; Crouan, " Flo. Fin.," p. 51 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 557, 768; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2021; "Mycogr.," fig. 128. Peziza scutellata — Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ii. 187; " Grevillea," iii. fig. 218. Lachnea hirta — Gill., "Champ.," D 75 c i Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit./' i. 576, ii. 187 ; Phil., "Elv. Brit./' 19; Wright, "Cub.," 671; Eabh., "Fung. Eur.," 27. On the ground, etc. Autumn. Cups 2^ lines broad ; marginal hairs short, slender, septate, brown, 200 to 300/j long (Cooke). Name — Hirtus, hairy. Wimbledon Common (Mr. C. E. Broome). Coed Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Wareham (Rev. W. Smith). Epping Forest ; Dalnieny ; Ken Wood, Hampstead ; and Highgate (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Llanrwst, North Wales ! near Shrewsbury ! (]3) Hymenium yellow. 24. Lachnea vitellina. (Pers.) Cups subcsespHose, sessile, hemispherical, at length expanded and flexuose ; margin furnished with brown, septate bristles ; hymenium bright yellow ; asci cylin- LACHNEA. 221 drical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, asperate, 22 X paraphyses clavate at the apices, filled with yellow granules. Peziza vitellina--'Pers., " Myco. Eur," p. 257; Fries, t?, hair, tlSoc, resemblance ; like hair. LACHNELLA. 235 Trefriw, North Wales! Ercall Hill, Salop! Marsh Brook, Salop ! General Cemetery, Shrewsbury ! 4. Lachnella Stevensoni. (B. and Br.) Minute, subgiobose, sugar-coloured ; externally granu- lar; stem very short, incrassated upwards ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, minute, subcymbseform, 8 X 2^ ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza (Mollisia) Stevensoni — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1485 ; "Grevillea," iii. p. 122. On decorticated wood. Sporidia '0005 inch (12/z) long. This is accompanied by creeping threads, which give off erect branches bear- ing obovate spores '001 inch (25yu) long. Probably a conidiiferous state (B. and Br.). The specimens in the Rev. M. J. Berkeley's herbarium are minutely hairy ; hairs delicate, nearly colourless ; cups 200 to 205// broad ; the stem nearly absent, or rather long ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblongo-fusiform, 8 X 2^u ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Name — After the Rev. J. Stevenson. 5. Lachnella fuscescens. (Pers.) Cups scattered, stipitate, at first globose, then hemi- spherical, tawny, clothed with bay-brown hairs ; hyme- nium pale brown; stem very short; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia linear, obtuse, 10 X l/n ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza fuscescens — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 654 ; " Myco. Eur.," p. 265 ; A. and S., " Consp.," 325 ; FckL, " Symb. Myco., p. 309 ; Phil, " Grevillea," iii. p. 188 ; B. and Br, " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1622; " Grevillea," v. p. 61 ; Cooke, " Carp. GreviUea," p. 127, t. 40, f. 154. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Rh.," 1168; Roumg, "Fung. Gal," 1959. On the under side of dead beech-leaves. Autumn. Cups the size of P. brunneola, which it resembles, but the paraphyses are not acerose, as in that species. 236 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Fuscus, brown ; becoming brown. > Builth, South Wales ! (/3) Paraphyses acerose. 6. Lachnella dandestina. (Bull.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, turbinate, then cyathiform, fawn-coloured or brown, clothed with brown septate hairs ; hymenium pallid, often brownish ; stem enlarged upwards from the darker, woody base ; asci clavate- cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusiform, 5 — Sxl'Oju; para- physes acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza dandestina — Bull, " Champ.," p. 251 (not fig.); Pers., " Obs.," i. p. 41 ; " Myco. Bur.," p. 262 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 94; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 195; Johnst., " Flo. Ber.," p. 151 ; Nyl., "Fez. Fenn.," p. 26 ; Karst., " Fez. et Ascob.," p. 18; and "Mon. Fez.," p. 196. Lachnwn dan- destinum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 178. Dasyscypha dandestina — Fckl, " Sym. Myco.," p. 305. Lacknea dandestina — Gill., "Champ.," p. 69. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr," ed. i. 1537, and ed. ii. 1037; Rabh., " Herb. Myco.," ed. ii. 21; Sommf., 100; Karst., " Fung. Fenn," 52 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit./' 67 ; Winter, " Fungi Bur.," 2840 ; Koumg., " Stirpes," 330. On dead stems of Rubus Idoeus. Cups J to J a line broad, about the same high ; gre- garious, rather persistent ; stem ligneous ; cups entire, closed except when moist, but then concave ; the hairs are rather long, flexuose, pointed, septate, brown. Name — Clandestinus, hidden ; from lying under dead leaves. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Hawkstone, Salop 1 7. Lachnella caulicola. (Fries.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, turbinato-globose, then hemispherical, yellowish-brown or pale umber, pubescent and subfarinaceous, becoming glabrous; hymenium the same colour ; stem half the whole height, but variable ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong- LACHXELLA. 237 fusiform, 7 X 1/z ; paraphyses acerose, slender, exceeding the asci. Peziza caulicola — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 94 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 310; Nyl., "Fez. Fenn.," p. 26; Karst., "Mon. Fez./' p. 197; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2036 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 308. Helotium cauli- cola— Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 134. Lachnea caulicola -Gill., " Champ./' 69. On dead herbaceous stems. Winter and summer. Cups 500 — 700/z broad. The hairs are short, slender, flexuous, asperate, with a few granules of oxalate of lime on their apices. Name — Caulis, a stem, colo, to inhabit. Rudloe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 8. Lachnella calyculceformis. (Schum.) Sub-infundibuliform, umber-brown ; margin erect ; ex- ternally villous, as well as the very short, rather thick stem; hymenium yellowish brown; asci cylindraceo- clavate; sporidiaS, subfusiform, 10 — 12 x 2^; paraphyses acerose. Peziza cab/rnlceformis — Schum., "SaelL," p. 425; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 94 ; Karst., " Mon. Fez.," p. 196 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," Nos. 959 and 1104; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2037. Lachnum calyculceformis — Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 178. Lachnea calyculce- formis— Gill., " Champ.," p. 69. On dead wood. About f of a line broad. " Our plant agrees with Schumacher's in habit ; it is not, however, scattered in growth. It has a decidedly dark brown stem, which is smooth ; and the margin is rather connivent than erect ' ' O (B. and Br., I. c.). Name — Calix, a cup, forma, form ; from the shape. Mossburnford (Mr. A. Jerdon). Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Yar. latebricola. (Rehm, " A^co.," No. 111.) Sporidia 6 — 7 X 2*5^ (Rehm). I find them 9- 10 X 2-O 238 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Latebricola, one that dwells in hiding. On twigs of Rhododendron. Batheaston I (Mr. C. E. Broome). 9. Lachnella brunneola. (Desm.) Cups scattered, stipitate, at first globose, then plane, marginate, pale brown, villose ; hairs septate, obtuse ; hymenium pallid-white ; stem very short, glabrous, ivory- white ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform, 6 — 10 X 2/m; paraphyses acerose, stoutish, exceeding the asci. Peziza brunneola — Desm., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1841, ser. ii. vol. xvii. p. 96 ; Phil., " Grevillea," iii. 125, t. 42, tig. 2. Lachnum brunneolum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 180. Lachnea brunneola — Gill., " Champ.," p. 67. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1156, ed. ii. 656; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 826 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit.," 28. On both sides of decayed oak and Spanish chestnut leaves. Summer and autumn. Cups 500 — SOOjii broad ; stem very short, glabrous ; hairs very pale greyish-brown, septate, obtuse, with a group of granules of oxalate of lime on the summits. Name — Brunneus, deep brown ; brownish. Trefriw, North Wales ! Brockley Coombe, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Var. fagicola. Phil. Cups scattered, stipitate, at first globose, then hemi- spherical, dark brown, clothed with rather short, stout, septate, brown, obtuse hairs ; hymenium the same colour ; stem slender, enlarged upwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, acute at the ends, 7' — 10 X 2/m; para- physes acerose, broad, exceeding the asci. Peziza brunneola, var. fagicola — Phil, in herb. On beech-mast. May. Cups 300 — 500/i broad ; the hairs rather short, stout, septate, obtuse, masses of oxalate of lime at the apices ; the paraphyses are broad, and are one-third longer than the asci. LACHNELLA. 239 Very similar to L. brunneola; it is a much, darker colour, and the hairs are stouter and more granular within. Name — Fagus, the beech, colo, to inhabit ; from the habitat. Brockley Coombe, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 10. Lachnella palearum. (Desm.) Cups scattered, stipitate, hemispherical, then ex- panded, pale fulvous, tomentose ; hairs rather short, septate, fulvous, obtuse ; hymenium concave, pallid- white, margin ciliated ; stem rather long, enlarged upwards into the cup, base darker, firm ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, 10 — 13 X 2^ ; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza palearum — Desm,, "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1846; Karst., " Mon. Fez.," p. 195 ; Phil., " Grevillea," iv. p. 121 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 308. Peziza clandestine^, fl. patens — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 94 (?) ; /3/3. patula — A. and S., p. 230 (?). Peziza Schiveinitzii — Auersw. in Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," nov. ed. No. 1118. Lacknea patens — Karst., " Symb.," p. 250. Lachnum patens — Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," p. 179; Mich., vii. p. 330. Lachnea palearum — Gill., " Champ.," p. 67. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1417, ed. ii. 917; Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," nov. ed. 1118 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 68 ; Rhem, "Asco.," 156; Thum., "Fung. Aus.," 828; and "Mycoth. Univ.," 121; Fckl., « F. Rh.," 1181; Roumg., "Fung. Gal.," 540. On decayed culms of Psamma arenaria, and other grasses. Cups 300 — 400^ broad, nearly the same high. The short, septate hairs cover the whole of the exterior, and often have a few granules of oxalate of lime on their apices. Asci 50/^ long, and 5p broad. Name — Palea, chaff; growing on chaff. North Wootton, Norfolk (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Man- gotsfield, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall) ; Grantown, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Water Orton ! (Mr. W. B. Grove). 210 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. B. HAIRS OF CUP HYALINE. (a) Sporidia globose. (a) Paraphyses filiform. 11. Lachnella Cupressi. (Batsch.) Cups gregarious, sessile or with a short stem, at first pyrifbrm, then almost hemispherical, at length nearly plane, between fleshy and waxy ; margin entire, rather obtuse, glabrous ; base and stem villose white ; hymenium orange-yellow ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, smooth, 9 — 10/j; paraphyses slender, apices slightly en- larged (Plate VIII. fig. 45.) Peziza Cupressi — Batsch, "El.," p. 119. Peziza cupressina — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 667 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 135 ; Karst., "Mon. Fez.," p. 122 ; Gonn.and Kabh., " Myco. Eur.," iii. p. 9, t. 5, f. 9 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 63. Pithya cupressina — Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," p. 317. Phialea cupressina — Gill., " Champ.," 107. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. ii. No. 19 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 149 ; Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," 122 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur.," 2966. On leaves of Juniperus Sabina. Cups about 1 line broad. Name — Ovupressus, the cypress ; from its habitat when found by Batsch. Brandon, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). (&) Sporidia oblong -elliptic. (a) Paraphyses filiform. 12. Lachnella tricolor. (Sow.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, hemispherical, waxy ; ex- ternally pale blue or bluish-grey, villose with slender, septate, nearly colourless hairs ; stem very short, rather stout, nearly white ; hymenium yellowish ; asci clavato- cylindrical; sporidia 8, narrowly elliptic, smooth, biseriate, 13 — 15 x 2[i ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza tricolor— Sow. in " Eng. Fung.," t. 369, f. 6 ; LACHNELLA. 241 Fries, « Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 134; '< Eng. Flo./' v. p. 204; Berk, " Outl.,"' p. 368 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No 2042. Peziza Godroniana — Mont, " Syll," p. 185. Exs.— Moug. and Nest, No. 1189. On bark and wood. Cups about ^ a line broad. This is a very rare species, easily recognized by its bluish-grey exterior. Name — Tricolor, three-coloured; from the disc, cup, and stem being different colours. Ripon (Mr. W. Brunton). 13. Lacknella calycina. (Schum.) Cups gregarious or scattered, often crespitose, stipitate, at first hemispherical, then expanded, waxy ; externally white, villose ; hymenium orange-yellow; margin entire; stem short, rather stout, enlarged upwards into the base of the cup ; asci cylindrical or subclavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or fusiform, smooth, 18 — 22 X 7fJL ; para- physes filiform, scarcely thickened upwards. Peziza calycina — Schum, "Saell," p. 424; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 91 (in part); " Eng. Flo," v. 195 (in part) ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2034. Peziza laricis- Rehm, " Grevillea," iv. p. 169. Lachnea calycina — Gill, " Champ," p. 71. Peziza Willkommii — R. Hartig, " Krank. Waldb." Exs.— Cooke, "Fung. Brit." i. 474, ii. 369; Rehm, ' Asco," 62 ; Fckl, " F. Rh," 1206 ; Thum, " Herb Myco," 191; Phil, "Elv. Brit," No. 22; Winter, "Fungi Eur," 14-226 ; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 369, 370. On bark of larch and Scotch firs. Dr. Cooke has pointed out the fact that two different species have been included by authors under this name, the one having much smaller sporidia than the other. The one with the smaller sporidia he has named P. sub- tilissima (Cooke) ; the other he regards as Schumacher's species. The synonymy is rendered somewhat uncertain by this fact, and only such references have been given above as have been verified. u 242 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Cups J to 1 line broad. This excessively common but very pretty British species can be distinguished from L. subtHissima, (Cooke) chiefly by the size of the sporidia. The cups when young are nearly globose, the stem barely visible or quite absent, the mouth is only a minute pore ; when old the cup expands, exposing the yellow disc, but the margin is always entire and upright — never recurved. Name — Calycinus, resembling a calyx. Var. Trevelyani. Cooke in " Grevillea," iii. p. 121. Distinguished by the larger sporidia (30 — 35/z long), and by their tendency to become pseudo-uniseptate. Scotland (Dr. Stirton). Argyleshire (Mr. B. Acton). Pontesford, Salop ! 14. Lachnella resinaria. (Cooke and Phil.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, at first turbinate, then somewhat expanded, waxy ; externally white, and clothed, as well as the short stem, with short villous down; hymenium pale orange ; margin inflexed ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, hyaline, 5 X 2'5^u ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza resinaria — Cooke and Phil., " Grevillea," iii. p. 185. Exs.— Phil.," Elv. Brit.," 66. On resin of spruce fir. Spring. Cups J a line broad ; the asci are 30 — 35 x 3 — 4/^. This species is remarkable amongst the group to which it belongs for the minuteness of the sporidia. Name — Resina, resin ; growing on resin. Trefriw, North Wales ! (c) Sporidia fusiform. (a) Paraphyses filiform. 15. Lachnella pygmcea. (Fries.) Cups stipitate, csespitose or single, concave, at length plane, pale orange, tomentose, as is the thickened, branch- LACHNELLA. 243 ing stem ; hymenium bright orange ; asci cylindraceo- clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, 11 x 2'5^u ; paraphyses tiliform. Peziza pygmcea — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 79 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist," 1066, t. 5, f. 18, No. 1160*, t. 4, f. 22 ; " Linn. Trans.," xxv. p. 432, t. 55, figs. 7-13 ; Gooke, " Handbk.," 2014. Helotium pyymceum — Karst., "Symb. Myco.," p. 214; "Myco. Fenn.," p. 153. Lacknea pygmcea — Gill., " Champ.," p. 71. Exs.— Kabh, "Fung. Eur," nov. ed. No. 1120. On dead twigs of Ulex, buried in the sand. November. Cups 3 to 6 lines broad. The stem varies in length according to the depth at which the twig is buried. Sporidia uniseriate, linear-oblong, '0005 to '0006 inch long; about a J of an inch high when full grown, stipitate, the stem branching out or dividing into several heads, which form cups. The cups are often proliferous, producing smaller cups on their surface, of a bright apricot colour, but whitish towards the margin (B. and Br.). The tomentum disappears when dry. Name — Pygmceus, dwarfish ; from the size. Joyden's Wood, Dartford (Mr. C. E. Broome). Ascot (Rev. G. Sawyer). Blackdown Hills, near Taunton, and Wimbledon (Mr. C. E. Broome). 16. Lachnella comitessce. (Cooke.) Cups csespitose, or single and gregarious, stipitate, at first clavate, then expanded and cupulate, pale yellow, tomentose ; hymenium bright golden-yellow; common stem branching below ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved, 6 — 7'5 X 2'5ju ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza comitessce — Cooke, "Grevillea," iv. p. 111. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ii. m. 371. On fallen tree. Autumn. Cups J to 1^ lines broad ; stems united at the base, rather stout, expanding upwards into the cup, variable in length ; flesh soft. The branching stem resembles that of Peziza i>jgniaea, 244 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. to which this species is allied ; the tufts contain from two to four cups, proceeding from a common stem, or sometimes single. It is an elegant species dedicated to the Countess of Kinnoull, on whose estate it was dis- covered (Dr. Cooke, I. c.). Name — After the Countess of Kinnoull. Dupplin Castle, Perth (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 17. LacJinella subtilissima. (Cooke.) Cups gregarious or scattered, stipitate, at first globose, then hemispherical, at length expanded, waxy ; externally white, villose ; hymenium orange-yellow ; margin entire ; stem short, variable in size, enlarging upwards into the cup ; asci cylindrical or subclavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, uniseriate, 10 — 12 X 2/m. Peziza subtilissima — Cooke in " Grevillea," iii. p. 121, fig. 167. Peziza calycina — Nyl., "Fez. Fenn.," p. 24 (in part); Karat, "Fez. et Ascob.," p. 16; "Mon. Fez./' 182. Helotiwm, calycinum — Karst., "Myco. Fenn./' p. 154. Exs.— Fries, "Scl. Suec.," 360; Phil., "Elv. Brit./' No. 114. On bark of firs. This was long confounded with P. calycina (Schum.), till distinguished by Dr. Cooke (vide L c.). Name — Subtilis, delicate ; very delicate. Scotland (Dr. Greville). Shrewsbury ! 18. Lachnella luzulina. Phil. Cups gregarious or scattered, shortly stipitate, at first turbinate, then hemispherical, at length nearly plane ; externally white, pubescent ; hymenium pale yellow ; margin entire ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or slightly curved, biseriate, 13 X 3^u; para- physes filiform. Peziza luzulina — Phil, in "Grevillea," iv. p. 121. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit.," 71. On dead Luzula sylvatica, at the base, between the leaves. Winter. LACHNELLA. 215 Name — Luzula, a genus of Juncacece ; growing on _ Luzula. Con way, North Wales ! 19. Lachnella nivea. (Hedw.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, turbinate, waxy; externally white, villose-tomentose ; hairs slender, hyaline, septate, obtuse ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong- fusiform, biseriate, 8 — 10 X 2/z ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza nivea — Fries, "Sys. Mvco," ii. p. 90; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 195; Cooke, " Handbk," 2033 (in part). Lachnea nivea — Gill., " Champ./' p. 68, c. i. Octospora nivea — Hedw., t. 8, f. B. Exs.— Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," No. 559, and ed. ii. No. 546. On rotten wood. Autumn. Cups J to ^ a line broad. Externally like P. virginea, but distinguished by its filiform asci. Name — Niveus, snowy ; snow-white. Attingham Park, near Shrewsbury ! Forden, Mont- gomeryshire ! (Rev. J. E. Vize). 20. Lachnella aspidiicola. (B. and Br.) White, rather buff when dry ; stem very short ; cups concave, subhemispherical ; externally furfuraceous floe- cose ; asci very short and slender ; sporidia oblong, sub- clavate, 5 — 8 X 1 — 2/z; paraphyses filiform. Peziza aspidiicola — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 771; Berk., "Outl.," p. 369; Cooke, "Handbk.," 2058. Mollisi aspidiicola — Gill., " Champ.," p. 129. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," 565, and ed. ii. No. 547 ; Phil, "Elv. Brit," 26; Kunze, "Fung. Sel," 596; Rehm, "Asco," 560; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," 1516. On dead stems of Aspidium Filix-mas. November. Very minute, gregarious, white, rather buff when dry ; stem extremely short, gradually passing into the subhemispherical cup, which is clothed externally with minute pellucid scales, mixed with a few obscure hyaline 246 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. flocci; asci very short and slender; sporidia "0002 of an inch long, oblong, subclavate. Resembling in its investing coat P. Berkeleii, but differing in colour, in the distinct stem, more open disc, and in the more minute sporidia. P. aspidii, Libert, is a more minute species, of a purer, more persistent white, and with a more tomentose coat (B. and Br., I. c.). Name — Aspidium, an old genus of ferns, colo, to inhabit ; on ferns. Orton, Leicestershire (Rev. A. Bloxam). Shrewsbury ! 21. Lachnella acuum. (A. and S.) Caps gregarious or scattered, stipitate, at first globose, then hemispherical, at length nearly plane; externally white or roseate-white, villose ; l^menium clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform, uniseriate, 5 X 1'5/z; paraphyses filiform. Peziza acuum — A. and S., p. 330 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 95; Nyl, "Fez. Fenn," p. 27; Berk, "Outl.," p. 368; Karst., "Mon. Fez," 181. Helotium acuum — Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 147; Cooke, "Handbk.," 2137; Gill., " Champ.," p. 161. Exs.— Desm., i. 1536, ii. 1036 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 322; Fckl, "F. Rh.," 1153; Phil., «Elv. Brit," 163. On decaying pine-leaves, in damp places. Cups about 100 to 200/i broad; asci 30/x long, 5/z wide. The paraphyses are not easily seen, being dif- fluent in water. Name — Acus, a needle; a pine-leaf being so called, on which it grows. Rose Hill, near Shrewsbury ! Forrest N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Aberdeen ! (J. W. H. Trail). 22. Lachnella solfatera. (Cooke and Ellis.) Cups scattered, hemispherical, very shortly stipitate, citrine-yellow, tomentose ; hairs short, minutely asperate, granulato-capitate ; asci subclavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform, 8 X l/< ; paraphyses filiform, slender. LACHNELLA. 247 Peziza solfatera — Cooke and Ellis in " Grevillea," vii. p. 7. Peziza pulverulenta — Lib. Auerswald in herb. On dead pine leaves. Cups J of a line broad. A minute and delicate species, nearly allied to L. pulverulenta (Lib.), of which some may consider it only a variety. The whole plant when fresh is a clear citrine- yellow, of which colour the granules on the delicate, non-septate hairs, and the globose masses at the tips of the hairs, partake. The asci are about 2o/u long, and about 4/i broad. Name — Italian solfo, sulphur, terra, earth ; from the colour. Clifton, near Bristol ! (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). Car- lisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). Paraphyses acerose. 23. Lachnella nuda. Phil. Cups gregarious, plane or convex, stipitate, waxy, flesh-colour, glabrous ; hymenium same colour, undulated : stem long, flexuose, expanding into the cup ; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-elliptic, hyaline, 5- -10 X 2 — 3^; paraphyses acerose, granular within, exceeding the asci. Peziza nuda— Phil., " Scott. Nat.," vi. 124. On the ground amongst moss, in a fir wood. Cups 1 line broad, and 2 lines high. A large and Helotium-like species, having acerose paraphyses, which have never been observed before in a perfectly glabrous species, the presence of which fully iustifies placing here. The asci are 500/u long, and 4^u broad ; the paraphyses are 70^u long. Name — Nudus, naked ; nearly devoid of hairs. Torres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 24. Lachnella luteola. (Curr.) Cups csespitose, cyathiform, ultimately expanded and convex, stipitate, pale straw-colour ; the edge covered with very minute, parallel white hairs, giving a some- 248 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. what ribbed or channelled appearance ; hymenium the same colour ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or slightly curved, colourless, 10 X 2yu, ; para- physes acerose, sometimes septate, exceeding the asci. ITelotium luteolum — Curr. in " Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p 153, t. 25, f. 11, 12, 18 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," 2138. On dead stick of gorse, the end of which was sunk in the mud in a pool of water. May. Cup J a line broad, £ of a line high. Remarkable in its densely csespitose and branching- habit, and the paraphyses are very peculiar. Its aquatic habit is also an unusual character (Currey). Having examined the original specimen, I have no hesitation in placing it here. The presence of hairs and acerose paraphyses forbid it being an Helotium. Name — Luteus, yellow ; yellowish. Paul's Cray Common ! (Mr. F. Currey). 25. Lachnella virginea. (Batsch.) Cups gregarious, at first globose, then hemispherical, stipitate ; externally white, beset with crowded patent hairs ; hymenium white ; stem short, rather stout ; asci clavate-cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, 5 — 10 X 1 — 2//,; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza virginea — Batsch. in Pers., " Obs.," i. p. 28 ; and " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 262 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 90 ; Mich., t. 86, f. 15; Bull., t. 376, f. 3; Holms., ii. t. 14; Sow., t. 65; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 194; Karst., "Pez. et Ascob.," 15; and " Mon. Fez.," 192; Cooke, "Handbk," 2032. Dasyscypha virginea — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 305. Peziza parvula—" Flo. Dan." t. 1016, f. 4. Lach- num virgineum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," 169. Lachnea virginea — Gill., " Champ.," p. 68, c. i. Exs.— Fckl, 1208 ; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," 560, and ed. ii. No. 545; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 21; Rehm, " Asco," 14; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2743. On wood, bark, brandies, etc. Cups about J of a line broad. The acerose paraphyses at once distinguish this from L. nivea. LACHNELLA. 249 Name — Vergineus, virgin-like ; pure white. Torres, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Overley Hill, Salop ! Brynkinalt, Denbighshire ! 26. Lachnella bicolor. (Bull.) Cups gregarious or crespitose, very shortly stipitate, at first globose, then expanded, white, tomentose ; hairs long, asperate ; hymenium orange-yellow ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, linear-fusiform, 8 — 10 X 1 — 2^u ; paraphyses acerose. (Plate VIII. fig. 46.) Peziza bicolor— Bull., " Champ.," t. 410, f. 3 ; Sow., t. 17; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 92; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 195; Karat., " Fez. et Ascob," p. 16 ; and " Mon. Fez.," 194 ; " Flo. Dan.," t. 779, f. 2. Peziza calycina — Nyl., "Fez. Fenn.," '24> (in part). Dasyscypha bicolor — FckL, " Symb. Myco.," • 105 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2035. Lachnum bicolor — Karst., " Myco. Fenn./' p. 172. Lachnea bicolor — Gill., " Champ.," p. 70, c. i. Exs.— Berk., 155; FckL, 1205; Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1057; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 3; Cooke, " Funo-. Brit.," 568, ed. ii. 363 ; Sommf., 99 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit./' 23 ; Rehm, " Asco.," 302 ; Roumg., " Fung. Gal.," 830. On dead branches of oak. Cups J to J a line broad ; stem short or nearly absent ; asci 60/-6 long, 6^ broad ; hairs long, flexuose, rough. Name — Bis, double, color, colour. Pul borough (Mr. C. H. Spencer Perceval). Ringstead (Mr. C. B. Flo wright). Leigh Woods, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Scarborough ! (Mr. Massee). Shifnal, Salop ! 27. Lachnella echinulata. (Awd.) Cups minute, epiphyllous or hypophyllous, gregarious, at first globose, at length flattened and very shortly wtipitate, white ; externally villous ; the hairs, each of which bears a globose, echinulate head at the apex, forming a very beautiful radiate margin to the disc, which, when damp, is obscurely marked with a small eye- like spot in the middle ; mature asci clavate, shortly 250 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. stipitate, 8-spored, nearly 60^u long, 6/x broad ; sporidia in two rows, fusiform, acute at each end, straight or curved, or sigmoid. Peziza echinulata — Awd., "Hedwig.," 1868, p. 136. Peziza patula — Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," 1009, nee 425, quse vera. P. patula — P. sec et Desm., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 2, xv. p. 132. P. ciliaris, ]3. globulifera — P. sec. Desm., 1. 1. p. 130. Name — Echinatus, set with prickles ; from the angular knobs of oxalate of lime on the hairs. 28. Lachnella Rhytismce. Phil. Cups gregarious, stipitate, at first globose, then hemi- spherical, white ; clothed with short villose hairs, bearing on their summits globular crystalline beads ; hymenium white ; stem rather long, villose to the base ; asci cylin- drical or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, 3 — 5 x I/a ; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza Rhytismce — Phil, in " Grevillea," viii. p. 101 ; "Scott. Nat.," vi. 124. On dead leaves of Acer on Rhytisma acerinum. Cups 300/x broad ; stem about 400^u long. The hairs of the cup are short, non-septate, colourless, and the globular crystalline heads are perfectly even, not angular, as in most other species, though slightly rough. Name — Rhytisma, the genus of fungi on which it grows. Torres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 29. Lachnella crucifera. Phil. Cups gregarious, stipitate, white, at first globose, then expanded ; clothed with short, septate, colourless hairs, the summits of which are subclavate, and each crowned with a cruciform crystal ; stem rather long, villose to the base ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical or narrowly fusiform, straight, 6 — 8 x lju ; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza crucifera — Phil, in Gard. Chron., 1878, p. 397, fig. 71. LACHNELLA. 251 On dead twigs of Myrica gale. Spring and autumn. Cups about SOOju broad, and about 500/j high. This differs from L. echinulata (Awd.) in having a longer stipes, being persistently white when dry, and having what appear to be cruciform bodies on the sum- mits of the hairs. These bodies prove to be crystals of oxalate of lime (octahedra). Name — Crux, cross, fero, to bear ; from the hairs appearing to have crosses at their summits. Capel Curig, North Wales ! North Wootton, Norfolk ! f Mr. C. B. Plowright). Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Cockshutt, Salop ! 30. Lachnella patula. (Pers.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, at first globose, then hemispherical, white, villose ; the hairs long, slender, colourless, non-septate, acute, spreading ; hymenium lutescent ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-elliptic, 8 — 12 x l'5/i ; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza patula — Pers., " Obs ," i. p. 42 ; " Syn. Fung./ p. 654; "Myco. Eur.," p. 26^; A. and S., p. 324; Nees, " Sys.," f. 284 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 91. Hyalopeziza patula — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 298. Lachnea patula —Gill., " Champ.," p. 72. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1189; Rehm, "Asco.," 258 and 259 ; Libert, " Crypt. Ard.," 225. On oak -leaves decaying in damp places. Cups 300/z to 500/z broad ; stem very short, hairs much spreading, flexuose, and somewhat entangled. The hairs are longer and slenderer than in L. ciliaris. This is an exceedingly minute species. Name — Patidus, spreading ; from the long, spreading hairs. Wellington, Salop ! 31. Lachnella ciliaris. (Schum.) Cups minute, stipitate, at first globose, then cyathi- form, waxy, snow-white, externally beset with long, somewhat spreading, scattered, septate, white hairs ; 252 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. hymenium white ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved, hyaline, obliquely uniseriate, 18 X 2^u ; paraphyses acerose, slightly exceeding the asci. Peziza ciliaris — Schrad., "Bot. Jour./' 1799, ii. p. 2; Fries, " Sys, Myco," ii. p. 89 ; Cooke, " Handbk. ," No. 2031. Hyalopeziza ciliaris — Fckl., " Symb. Myco./' p. 298. Lachnea ciliaris — Gill., " Champ.," p. 68, c. i. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Eh.," 1189; Cooke, "Fung. Brit./' 573 ; ed. ii. 373. On dead oak-leaves. Autumn. Cups about 300 ^ broad. Very similar to L. patula. Name — CHium, the eyelash ; from the fringed margin. Near Shrewsbury ! 32. Lachnella acutipila. (Karst.) Cups gregarious or scattered, stipitate, at first globose, at length somewhat plane or a little convex, when dry concave ; margin piloso-fimbriate ; stem very short ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, slenderly fusiform, com- monly straight, with many guttulre, 8 — 16 X 1 — 1'5^ ; paraphyses acerose. Peziza acutipila — Karst., " Mon. Fez.," p. 195. Lachnum acutipilum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 173. On Pyragmites communis. April to October. Cups about SOOfj. broad; hairs of the cup septate, cuspidate, 4/z thick; disc sometimes lutescent. Re- sembling the preceding. Var. Icetior. (Karst., 1. c., p. 174.) Cups sessile or subsessile, a little larger, in a dry state contracted and difformed ; disc dilutely yellow, when dry yellow ; sporidia somewhat larger. The hairs in my specimens are rough, with a few amorphous crystals of oxalate of lime at the summit. On dead stems of Rubus idceus. Summer and autumn. Name Acutus, sharp, pilus, hair; from the acute hairs with which it is clothed. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Church Stretton, Salop ! LACHNELLA. 253 (cl) Sporidia elongate-fusiform 01* filiform. (a) Paraphyses acerose. 33. Lachnella diminuta. (Rob.) Cups scattered or crowded, shortly stipitate, at first globose, then expanded and hemispherical, whitish, tomentose ; hymenium concave, yellowish or orange ; asci clavate- cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic, 12x2^; paraphyses filiform. Peziza diminuta — Rob. in Desm. " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1847, viii. p. 185; " Grevillea," iii. p. 184, t. 41, f. 183. Lachnea diminuta — Gill., " Champ.," p. 71. Exs. — Desm., 1538 (in part); Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 287. On dry culms of Juncus. Cups about 500ju broad ; stem very short ; hairs of the exterior lonor and slender. ^j In Desmaziere's published specimens L. a/paid (B. and Br.) appears in some copies, and this species in others, but the sporidia are so different that no mistake can be made between them when examined. Name — Diminutus, diminished ; from its small size. Dr. M. C. Cooke, without locality. 34. Lachnella apala. (B. and Br.) Cups scattered or crowded, stipitate or sessile, at first, with the stem, obconical, then expanded, at length plane, furfuraceo-villose, fawn-coloured ; hymenium plane, darker ; asci clavate-cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fu so-filiform, straight, 15 — 30 X 3// ; paraphyses acerose, filled with granules, exceeding the asci. Peziza apala — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 561 ; Cooke, " Haiidbk.," No. 2060. Exs.— Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," No. 25; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. No. 374 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 27 ; Winter "Fungi Eur.," 2517. On dead rushes. Spring and summer. Cups about 500/x broad. Hairs rather stout, asperate, non-septate, colourless, 254 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. obtuse ; the paraphyses are broad, and sometimes septate, filled with granular protoplasm. Name — airaXog, soft, tender. Batheaston, near Bath (Mr. C. E. Broome). Mangots- field, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Grantown, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Haughmond Hill, Salop ! Bomere, Salop ! 35. Lachnella filicea. (Cooke and Phil.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, at first globose, then hemi- spherical, white, tomentose ; hairs short, septate, colour- less ; hymenium white ; asci cylmdraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, acute at the ends, 3-nucleate or pseudo- septate, biseriate, 15 — 20 X 2 — 3^ ; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza filicea — Cooke and Phil, in Herb. Kew. On fern-leaves. Cups 100 to 200/* broad ; stem short, equalling the height of cup. The hairs of the cup are often obtuse, or pyriform, at the apices, with clusters of amorphous crystals of oxalate of lime, and deciduous. The asci are very large for such a small species. Name — Filices, the fern tribe ; growing on ferns. Duneden, N.B. ! in Herb. Kew ; Chedder ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). C. POSITION DOUBTFUL. 36. Lachnella eryihrostigma. (B. and Br.) Minute, stipitate, punctiform, pale red ; hymenium at length convex ; asci clavate ; sporidia uniseriate, elliptic or subglobose. Peziza erythrostigma — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," 1168, t. 4, f. 31 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2118. Parasitic on Sphceria phceostroma. The stem is mostly curved, distinctly cellular ; asci clavate ; sporidia minute, subglobose. Very minute, but a pretty object under the microscope (B. and Br.). " Minutely woolly with delicate hairs " (Cooke in litt.). Batheaston (?) (Mr. C. E. Broome). LACHNELLA. 255 SECTION II. — SESSILE. SUBGENUS III. — LACHXELLA. Fries (in part). Cups sessile, pilose or villose, for the most part firm and dry, at first closed and globose, then more or less expanded and hemispherical. (Plate VIII. figs. 47, 48.) Name — \a\vij, down. ARRANGEMENT or THE SPECIES. A. Hairs of cup coloured. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong. (a) Paraphyses filiform or absent . . species 37, 33 (7>) Sporidia fusiform or clavate. (a) Paraphyses filiform or absent „ 39-49 (/j) Paraphyses acerose . . . . „ 50-52 B. I laii-s of cup hyaline. (a) Sporidia elliptic, oblong, or subcymbiforra. (a) Paraphyses filiform or absent. (i.) Cups coloured .. .. ,, 53-.~>i (ii.) Cups white or greyish-white 55-59 (&) Sporidia fusiform or clavate. (a) Paraphyses filiform or clavate. (i.) Cups coloured . . . . „ 60-G2 (ii.) Cups white or greyish-white „ 63-GG (/J) Paraphyses acerose. (i.) Cups coloured . . . . „ 67 (c) Sporidia cylindrical .. .. ,, 08 0. Position doubtful . . . . . . . . ,, 69-71 KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. HAIRS OP THE CUP COLOURED. Hymenium brownish-olive ; hairs long Hymenium purplish-brown ; hairs very short - Hymeuium pale rufous Hymenium brown .... Hymenium yellow Hymenium cinereous Hymenium white or pallid . . , (Growing on herbaceous stems ' \Growing on wood or bark Hymenium pale spadicious; exterior spadicious, densely tomentose Hymenium rufous, exterior refescent, floccoso- tomentose Hymenium smoky-brown; exterior brown; sporidia becoming 1-septate . . ^Hymenium brown ; exterior furfuraceo-tomentose. . prasma. Schumacheri. Stock ii. 1 4 esoharodes. 5 2 3 spadicea . corticalis. canescen s. grisella. 256 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. (Growing on heibaceous stems; externally clothed 3. < with strigose hairs . . ( Growing on fern-stems ; exterior olive-brown Growing on rotten wood, citron-colour Growing on leaves ; exterior fulvo-rufous Growing on herbaceous stems ; exterior yellow or whitish Growing on dead wood or bark Externally white ; margin granulated Externally ferruginous ; disc pallid. . Externally nearly straw-colour B. HAIRS OF CUP HYALINE. Hymenium watery-umber Hymenium black Hymenium pale red Hymenium tawny Hymenium flesh-colour ; externally white or brick- red Hymenium white or very pale yellow : on Humulus Hymenium yellowish; externally white: on Splixria Hymeuiuni white (Growing on Euhus \ Growing on wood •{Growing on leaves Growing on rushes Growing inside husks of chestnut Exterior white ; margin ciliated ; hairs long Exterior white ; hairs short and inconspicuous Exterior whitish or yellowish, rough with papillae (Marginal hairs twisted spirally (Marginal hairs spreading [Exterior greyish-white : on leaves of Eubus (Exterior white, when dry yellowish: on leaves of 4. -^ Betulus j Exterior white, nearly naked: on leaves of Epilu- [ binm .... 3. nidulus. Pteridis. citricolor. dumorum. sulphurea. 6 papillaris. barbata. varicolor. dematiicola. melazanthu. micacea. Berkeleii. albo-testacea. Tami. episphseria. 1 candidata. 2 4 fugiens. aranea. 3 liyalina. scrupulosa. sporotricha. Icuconica. oedema. araneo-cinda. punctoidea. A. HAIRS OF CUP COLOURED. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong. (a) Paraphyses filiform. 37. Lachnella Pteridis. (A. and S.) Cups scattered or gregarious, sessile, small, at first globose, then hemispherical, waxy soft ; externally dark olive-brown, rugulose from the adpressed hairs ; margin crenate-fimbriate ; flesh dirty yellow ; asci clavate or slongate-subfusiform ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong- LACHNELLA. 257 fusiform, 5 — 9 x 2 — 3/z ; paraphyses filiform. (Plate VIII. fig. 47.) Peziza Pteridis—A. and S., "Consp.," p. 338, t. 12, fig. 7 ; Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 300 ; NyL, " Pez. Fenn.," p. 59. Trichopeziza pulveracea--Fek\., " Symb. Myco./' p. 297 ; Sacc., " Myco. Yen. Sp.," p. 163. Mollisia Pteridis -GiU., " Champ./' p. 121. Exs.— Desm., " Crvpt. Fr.,w ed. i. 1419, ed. ii. 919; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 424; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," i. 657, ii. 387; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 33; Rehm, "Asco.," 411; Rabh., « Fung. Eur.," 1817. On dead stems of Pteris aquiliwa. Cups 200 to 500,11 broad, nearly globose, roughish and blackish brown to the naked eye. Name — Pteris, a genus of ferns. Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Shrews- bury 1 38. Lachnella papillar is. (Bull.) Cups gregarious, sessile, hemispherical, then expanded, externally between villose and hairy, entirely milk-white ; margin granulated ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, 10 — 14 x 3/z. Peziza papillaris — Bull., t. 467, f. 1 ; Sow., t. 177; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 102; "Eng. Flo.," p. 197; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2051 ; Karst., "Pez. et Ascob.," p. 21 ; and "Mon. Pez.," p. 188. Helotium papttlare — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 160. Lachnea papillaris — Gill., " Champ.," p. 80. On dead wood. Cups nearly J of a line broad. Gregarious, crowded, not adnate, waxy, rather firm ; margin entire, denticulated ; when dry closed, granuli- form, persistent, so slightly tinged with yellow that it can scarcely be called straw-coloured (Fries). The hairs are septate, faintly brown, with crystal granules at the summits. Name — Papilla, the nipple ; appearing covered with papillae. Greenhithe, Kent ! (Sowerby). S 25S BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. (6) Sporidia fusiform or clavate. (a) Paraphyses filiform or absent^ 39. Lachnella spadicea. (Pers.) Cups scattered, sessile, subgloboso-hemispherical, at length expanded ; externally clothed with a dense, com- pact, spadiceous tomentum ; disc rather paler ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or fusiform, 8 X 2/x ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza spadicea — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 252 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.,"ii. p. 98. Lachnea spadicea — Gill., " Champ.," p. 77. On dead stems of Ulex. Cups 500^u broad. The tomentum consists of short, septate, closely set hairs, which are granular within. Name — Spadiceus, bay-colour. In Herb. Berkeley, without locality ! 40. Lachnella corticalis. (Pers.) Cups gregarious, sessile, globose, then hemispherical, firm, flocculose-tomentose, rufescent or whitish-grey ; hymenium same colour ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; ppoiidia 8, clavate or fusiform, straight or curved, 13 X 4/z ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza corticalis — Pers., " Obs.," i. p. 28, 112 ; "Myco. Eur.," p. 267; D. C., "Flo. Fr.," ii. p. 80; A. and S., "Consp.," p. 322; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 96; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist./' 311 and 562; Karst., " Mon. Pez.," p. 186 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2041 ; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 27. Lachnella corticalis — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 365; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 280. Hdoiium corticale — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 159. Lachnea corticalis — Gill., " Champ./' p. 84. Lachnella corticalis — Pat., p. 30, f. 71. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt, Fr.," ed. i. 703, ed. ii. 72; Rabh, " Herb. Myco.," ed, ii. 625 ; and " Fung. Eur.," ed. nov. 915; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 260; Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1120; Phil., "Elv. Brit," 119. LACIINELLA. 259 On dead bark of trees. Cups nearly £ a line broad ; at first globose, opening by a narrow mouth. The hairs are usually pale, but sometimes brown or reddish-brown, short, and tapering. The colour of the exterior varies, being paler towards the margin. Name — Cortex, bark ; growing on bark. Bristol (Mr. H. 0. Stephens). Thame (Dr. Ayres). Rudloe, Wilts (Mr. C. E. Broome). Leicrh Woods, near Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Torres, KB.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Forden, North Wales (Rev. J. E. Vize). Atting- liam Park, Salop ! Rushbury, Salop ! Bomere, Salop ! 41. Lachnella canescens. (Cooke.) Gregarious or crowded, sessile, hemispherical, firm ; clothed externally with flexuous, brown, septate hairs ; hymenium fuliginous-brown ; asci clavate ; sporidia fusi- form, at length pseudo-1 -septate, 9 — 12 x 2/j; paraphyses filiform. Peziza canescens — Cooke in litt. On naked wood. Cups nearly \ of a line broad. This differs from L corticalis in the fusiform sporidia, and the more con- spicuous septate hairs of the exterior. Name — Canus, hoary. Near Hereford (Mr. James Renny). 42. Lachnella variecolor. (Fries.) Cups gregarious, sessile, but not adnate, globose, then hemispherical, rather firm ; externally flocculoso-villose ; hymenium urceolate, white, becoming pallid; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or subfusiform, 7 — 11 X 2 — 3fjL ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza variecolor — Fries, " Sys. Mvco.," ii. p. 100 ; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 197; Cooke, "Handbk." 2048. P. sulphured — Pers., " Icon. et. Descr.," t. 8, f. 4, 5. Tapesia >•» riecolor — FckL, " Symb. Myco.," p. 302. Peziza albo- liitea— NyL, "Fez. Fenn.," p. 29; Karst., " Mon. Fez.," p. IS?. P.flavo-fuliginea — Karst, "Pez. et. Ascob.," p. 20. 260 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. P. sulphureo-ccesia — Schum., " Saell.," p. 432. Helotium albo-luteum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 160. Lacknea variecolor — Gill., " Champ./' p. 83, c. i. On rotten wood. Cups 250 to 300^ broad. Gregarious, thickset, not adnate, waxy, rather firm, scarcely 1 line broad, regular ; margin entire, denticulated, closed when dry, granuliform, persistent, so slightly tinged with yellow that it can scarcely be called straw- coloured (Fries). Inserted on the authority of Sowerby's P. hydnoides, quoted by Fries as this species. Having examined the original specimen of Sowerby, I was unable to detect any asci or sporidia. The dimensions of the sporidia are from Karsten. Name — Varius, various, color, colour. 43. Lachnella grisella. Cooke and Phil. Cups gregarious, sessile, rarely substipitate, at first turbinate, then hemispherical, very pale brown, fur- furaceous-tomentose, perpendicularly striate ; margin whitish, fimbriate ; hymenium brown ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, 4 — 7 X 1 — 1'o/m ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza grisea — Carmichael in Herb. Kew., No. 82. On dead decorticated wood. Cups 100 to 500ju broad. The short, septate, scarcely coloured hairs can only be seen when magnified about 50 diameters. The locality is not given, but, having been collected by the late Dr. Carmichael, it was probably from Scot- land. Name — Diminutive of griseus, grey. 44. Lachnella citricolor. (B. and Br.) Cups very shortly stipitate or sessile, between waxy and fleshy, turbinate, finely tomentose, citron-colour ; asci clavate ; sporidia fusiform, dotted with oil drops 20 — 25 X 5 — 6/u ; paraphyses linear. LACHNELLA. 261 Peziza (DasyscyphcB) citricolor — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist./' 1321, t. xix. f. 14. On rotten wood. 45. Lachnella Stocl'iL (Cooke and Phil.) Cups gregarious or crowded, sessile, bacoming plane ; externally rut'us-brown, clothed with short, septate, brown hairs ; hymenium concave, pale rufus ; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform, 3-septate, 20—22 x 2—3/1. Peziza Stockii — Cooke and Phil, in Herb. Kew. On dead herbaceous stems. Cups 500/z broad. The flesh is rather firm and thin ; the paraphyses were not seen. Name — After D. Stock. Bungay ! (Stock, No. 100 in Herb. Kew). 46. Lachnella prasina. Quelet. Cups gregarious or crowded, sessile, at first hemi- spherical, then expanded, becoming nearly plane, thin, waxy, soft, olive-brown, clothed with bright, rufus, slender, flexuous, hyaline hairs; hymenium greenish-bistre or beautiful green, at length pale cinereous ; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved, 10 — 15 X 2 — 3^t ; paraphyses filiform. Lachnella prasina — Quelet, "Assoc. Fran.," 1880, p. 13, t. ix. fig. 5. Peziza prasina — Bucknall, " Fung. Bristol," Xo. 997, fig. 3. Lachnea prasina — Gill., "Champ.," p. 210. On dead culms of Phalaris arundinacea in water or very damp places. Summer. Cups nearly J a line broad, applanate ; margin in- curved ; hairs bright red, colourless in the upper portion, slender, flexuous. Name — Prasinus, ^reen ; like leeks. Chedder ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 47. Lachnella dumorum. (Rob.) Cups scattered, sessile, turbinate, then expanded, externally villose, with short, fulvo-rufus hairs; hyme- 262 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. nium concave, white ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 5 X l^t ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza dumorum — Rob. in Desm., " Ann. Sc. Nat./' t. xiv. 1850. On the under side of dead bramble-leaves. Cups 2oOju broad. The hairs are short, reddish, bay- brown; the disc becomes cinereous or brownish. Name — Dumus, a bramble ; from the habitat. Batheaston, near Bath ! (Mr. C. Broome). Dolgelly, North Wales ! 48. Lachnella Schumacheri. (Fries.) Cups gregarious or crowded, sessile, hemispherical, externally tornentose, brown ; hymenium becoming nearly plane, purplish-brown or cinereous ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or cylindraceo-fusiform, straight or sometimes curved, 8 — 13 X 2 — 3^u ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza Schumacheri — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 98 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 196; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2045 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 89, c. i. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit.," 167. On dead wood. Not uncommon. Autumn. Cups about J to f of a line broad, dark brown ; hymenium purplish-brown or cinereous ; margin fringed with very short, brown, septate hairs, hardly distinguish- able even with a pocket lens, hence it is doubtful whether it should not be removed to Mollisia, near cinerea. Name — After C. F. Schumacher. Var. ]3. plumbea. (Grev.) Distinguished by the lead- coloured or bluish hymenium. Peziza plumbea— Grev., t. 11; "Flo. Dan.," t. 178G. f. 1. North Wootton! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Darenth (Dr. Cooke). Shrewsbury ! 49. Lachnella escharodes. (B. and Br.) Cups scattered, sessile, globose, then hemispherical, rugose, rough with short, whitish, deciduous flocci, then LACHNELLA. 2G3 dingy olivaceous-green ; margin paler, fringed with delicate flocci ; hymenium cinereous ; asci cylindraceo- clavate or irregularly clavate ; sporidia 8, linear oblong or oblong- fusiform, straight or curved, 8 X 3/i ; paraphy.ves filiform, branched. Peziza escharodes — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist./1 No. 1322, t. xix. f. 15 ; " Grevillea," i. p. 130. Exs.— Rabh, " Fung. Eur," 1418; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," 564, and ed. ii. No. 548 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 73. On dead stems of Riibus and Rosa. Cups nearly J a line broad ; at first closed, globose, then expanded, vertically striate or rugose, becoming black, except the margin, but always appearing rough with very minute hairs under the microscope. Name — i(r\apa, scab ; scaly, resembling a scab. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Eastbourne! (}lr. C. J. Muller). Hencote, near Shrewsbury ! (j3) Paraphyses acerose. 50. Lacknella barbata. (Kunze.) Cups gregarious, sessile, globose, then expanded, at length nearly plane, firm ; externally ferruginous, tomen- tose ; hairs long, septate, obtuse ; hymenium pallid ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 5 — 7 X 1 — 2p ; paraphyses acerose, rather slender. Peziza barbata — Kunze in Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 99. Lachnea barbata— Gill, " Champ," p. 82 (?). Exs.— Fries, " ScL Suec," 332. On dead stems of Lonicera. Cups nearly J a line broad. Name — Barbaf a beard ; hairy. Var. ]3. pellita. (Pers.) Differs from the type in being greyish or dilutely gilvus. Pers, "Myco. Eur," i. p. 264; Bucknall, "Fung. Bristol," No. 019 ; " Grevillea," x. p. 67. Lachnea pellita -Gill, " Champ," p. 83. On Lonicera and beech- mast. 2G4 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Pellitus, clothed with fur. Brackley Coombe, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). • 51. Lachnella nidulus. (Schm. and Kunze.) Cups scattered or gregarious, sessile, hemispherical, then nearly plane, firm ; externally brown, strigose- hirsute ; hairs short, septate, dark brown ; hymenium pallid-yellow ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporiclia 8, fuso- tiliform, 5 — 10 x lju; paraphyses acerose, rather stout, a little exceeding the asci. Peziza nidulus — Schm. and Kurize, exs. 72; Pers., "Myco. Eur," i. p. 250; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 104; Karst, " Fez. et Ascob," p. 22 ; and " Mon. Fez.," p. 200 ; NyL, "Fez. Fenn.," p. 30. Lachnum nidulus — Karst, " Myco. Fenn.," p. 181. Lachnea nidulus — Gill, " Champ.," p. 87, c. i. Exs.— Rabh, " Herb. Myco." ed. ii. 19 ; and " Fung. Eur.," nov. ed. 807 ; Moug. and Nest., 588 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 630. On Spiraea Ulmaria. Cups 400 to SOOyii broad. The hairs are short, rigid, paler near the obtuse, somewhat enlarged apices. Name — Nidus, a nest ; a little nest. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 52. Lachnella sulphurea. (Pers.) Cups gregarious, sessile, subglobose ; externally stri- gose-tomentose, sulphur-coloured; hymenium concave, pallid ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fuso-filiform, simple or spuriously 1 to 3-septate, 14 x2/*; paraphyses acerose, rather stout, exceeding the asci. Peziza sulphurea — Pers., "Tent, Disp. Meth.," p. 33; "Myco. Eur," p. 250 (in part) ; Grev, t. 83; " Eng. Flo.," v. 198; Karst., "Mon. Fez.," p. 199; NyL, "Fez. Fenn," p. 32; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2053; Pat, p. 124, f. 280. Peziza hydnoidea — Purt, No. 1049. Trichopeziza sul- phurea— Fckl, " Syrnb. Myco.," 296. Lachnum suL- fureum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn," p. 176. Lachnea suljurea — Gill, " Champ," p. 81, c. i. LACHNELLA. 265 Exs.— Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 62; Phil,, "Elv. Brit./' 25; Roumg., "Fung. Gal./' 1415. On dead nettle-stems and Stachys. Cups J to f of a line. Name — Sulphur, brimstone ; sulphur-coloured. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Ruse Hill, near Shrewsbury ! Var. /3. leucophcea. (Pers.) Scattered or gregarious, hemispherical, pallid-tomen- tose, hairs whitish or sulphury, often at length fer- ruginous ; hymenium whitish ; asci subcylindrical ; ^poridia 8, fu so-filiform, 7- -16 X 1 — I'o^; paraphyses acerose, slightly exceeding the asci, rather slender. Peziza sulphured, var. leucophcea — Pers., "Myco. Eur.," 250; Weinm, "Myco.," p. 451. P. leucophcea- Nyl., "Pez. Fenn," p. 31; Karst, Mon. Fez," p. 199. Lachnuin leucophceum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 177 ; "Scott. Nat.," vi. 123. Exs.— Rab, " Herb. Myco.," ed. ii. 707 ; Desm., « Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 173, and ed. ii. 121; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 62 (in part) ; Relnii, " Asco.," 308 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 372. ' On nettles, large Umbelliferce, and Artemisia. Certainly not worthy of specific rank. Name — AEUKOC, white, ^CH'OC, dusky; grey ash-coloured. Lei^h Downs, near Bristol 1 (Mr. C. Bucknall). Forden, North Wales ! B. HAIRS OF CUP HYALTXE. (a) Sporidia elliptic, oblong, or subcymbifoi m. (a) Paraphyses filiform or absent. (i.) Cups coloured. 53 Lachnella dematiicola. (B. and Br.) Cups gregarious, minute, hemispherical, watery-umber, ciliated with long, hyaline, non-septate flocci ; hymenium same colour, or cinereous; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; 266 BEITISH DISCOMYCETES. sporidia subcymbiform, hyaline, 10 X 2'5/*; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza dematiicola — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1070, t. 15, f. 20; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2117. On dead wood, nestling amongst the flocci of some Helminth osporoid fungus, but whether at all related or not we cannot say. This very beautiful, though minute, species has a mixed resemblance to an Excipula and such Ascoboli as A. ciliatus (B. and Br., L c.). Cups 100 to 500/z broad. It is not merely ciliated, but clothed with delicate hyaline hairs. The cups when old are applanate, extremely thin, having a raised margin. Name — Dematium, a genus of Hyphomycetes, colo, to inhabit. Herb. Berkeley ! Sutton Coldfield, near Birmingham ! (Mr. W. B. Grove). 54 Lachnella melazantha. (Fries.) Gregarious, sessile, minute ; externally farinaceo- villose, greyish-yellow ; hairs hyaline ; hymenium rather concave, black; margin a little prominent; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 5 — 7 X 2ft ; paraphyses (?). Peziza melazantha — Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 97; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 196 ; Cooke, " Handbk," 2043. Lack- nella melazantha — Gill, " Champ," p. 89. On fallen branches of beech. Autumn. Very rare. Cups J of a line broad, turbinate, black at the base ; texture dry and firm; the hairs are very slender and rlexuous. But for the black disc and being sessile, it resembles L. tricolor (Sow.). Name — fisXae, black, and ZavOos, yellow; from the colour of the exterior and the disc. Appin, N.B. (Captain Carmichael). (ii.) Cups white or greyish -white 55. Lachnella sporotricha. (Oude.) Cups very minute, sessile, globose, opening by a very minute pore, white, villose; hairs slender, colourless, LACHNELLA. 207 hyaline, nonseptate, disposed spirally round the margin ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, colourless, narrowly cylindrical or subfusiform, 7 X 1 'o/u ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza sporotricha — Oude. in " Arch. Need.," viii. ; Hedw., 1874, p. 87. Peziza, ctsterostoma — Phil., "Grevil- lea," vii. p. 140. On dead herbaceous stems. Spring. Cups not more than 200ju broad. The hairs, which consist of a single, elongated, tapering cell, are about 70/u long, and are confined chiefly to the margin, forming a horizontal fringe, turned obliquely from the margin, all bent in the same direction. Name — viropos, a seed, £/ot£, hair ; resembling a seed with hairs. Clungunford, Salop ! 56. Lachnella leuconica. (Cooke.) Cups gregarious, sessile, expanded, submembranaceous, white ; clothed with long, slender, tapering, flexuous hairs ; margin elevated, ciliated ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, straight or curved, 8 x2/u; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza leuconica — Cooke in herb. On dead wood. Cups minute (J to J a line broad), flexuous, thin. The hairs are colourless and non-septate. Name — Leuconicus, resembling white cotton- wool. Clova, N.B. ! 57. Lachnella hyalina. (Pers.) Cups gregarious, sessile, globose, then expanded, becoming nearly plane, thin, soft, hyaline, white, villose or pilose ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 8x3^; paraphyses scarce, slenderly filiform. (Plate VIII fig. 48.) Peziza hyalina — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 655 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii 102 (in part); "Eng. Flo./' v. p. 198 (in part); Karst., "Pez. et Ascob.," p. 21 (in part); and "Mon. Fez.," p. 180 ; Nyl, " Pez. Fenn.," p. 53 ; Cooke, 2G3 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. " Handbk.," 2052 (in part). Pseudo-helotium hyalinum — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 298. Helotium hyalinum— Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 144. Lachnea hyalina — Gill., " Champ.," p. 79. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit," 24; Rabh., "Fung. Ear.," 1615. On dead chips and stumps, and inside bark. Cups 200 to 800^ broad. A minute, slender species, with exceedingly delicate hairs, which when dry do not easily revive with moisture. The cups assume a darker shade on drying, and " resemble minute grains of white sand scattered over the brown bark." It is almost certain that at least two distinct species have been hitherto included under this name in herbaria, if not more. Name — Hyalinus, transparent. Ercall Hill ! and Shelton ! near Shrewsbury ; Linwilg, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 58. Lachnella fwgiens. Phil. Cups scattered, sessile, globose, then expanded, thin, white, villose ; asci oblong-clavate or subfusiform ; sporidia 4 to 8, oblong-linear or elliptic, straight or slightly curved, 7 X 2/m. Peziza, fugiens—'Phil. in Bucknall's " Fungi of the Bristol District" ("Proceedings of Bristol Nat. Soc."), pt. iv. No. 800, t. iv. f. 2. On dead rushes in bogs. Cups 50/z broad ; asci 20/z long, 5/i broad ; the hairs of the exterior very short, non-septate, colourless. Name — Fugiens, fleeting; from its ephemeral cha- racter. Mangotsfield and Abbots Leigh, near Bristol! (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). 59. Lachnella punctoidea. (Karst.) Cups gregarious, sessile or substipitate, sub-immar- ginate, nearly naked, convex, when dry plane or slightly LACHNELLA. 269 conrive, hyaline-white ; hymenium when dry testaceous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 4 — 5 X 2 — 3/m ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Helotium punctoideum — Karst., " Symb.," pp. 215 and 240 ; " Myco. Fenn.," p. 151. Pez'iza punctoidea — Karst., " Grevillea," p. 61. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 745; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. No. 551. On dead leaves of Epilobium. Autumn. Cups scarcely 250^ broad. "We have referred our specimen for the present to Karsten's species, of which we have seen no specimens. The fruit hardly accords, otherwise it agrees very well with the description " (Cooke in " Grevillea," v. p. 61). "Apothecia when dry sometimes subhemispherical or subgloboso-contracted, slightly furfuraceous, sessile, or with a punctiform stem" (Karst., I. c.). Name — Punctum, a point, JSoc, likeness. Dinmore, near Hereford ! (Dr. M. C. Cooke). (b) Sporidia fusiform or chivate. (a) Paraphyses filiform or clavaie. (i.) Cups coloured. 60. Lachnella micacea. (Pers.) Cups scattered or gregarious, very minute, sessile, ex- panded, extremely tender ; externally farinose-tomento.se, pale red or dilute-cinnamon ; hymenium the same colour ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 3 — 5 X \{i ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza micacea — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 268 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," p. 105. L«<-li nea micacea — Gill., " Champ.," p. 89 ; Buck., " Fung. Bristol," No. 799. On dead stems of thistle. Cups about 200 to 300/i broad. The hairs of the exterior are short, slender, and deciduous. Name — Mica, grain, granule ; like a shining grain. Leigh Woods, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 270 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 61. Lachnella Tami. (Desm.) Var. Humuli (nov. var.). Gregarious, sessile, hemispherical, then expanded, pubescent, white or very pale yellow ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or nearly oblong, 8 x 2/x ; paraphyses filiform, scarce. On H-u/tnuLus lupulus. Cups 200 to 400/i. So near to L. Tami that it hardly deserves to be called a variety, except for more developed hairs and different host-plant. The hairs are very short, colourless, and non-septate. Darenth ! (Dr M. C. Cooke). 62. Lachnella Berkeleii. (Blox.) Gregarious, sessile, cups hemispherical, furfuraceous- floccose, almost pruinose; hymenium concave, tawny; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, subfusiform or cymbi- form, 5 — 8 X 2/u ; paraphyses not seen. Peziza Berkeleii — Blox. in B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 770 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2057. On dead stems of UmbeUiferce. " Very minute, gregarious, often crowded, hemi- spherical, with the margin at first strongly inflected, clothed with furfuraceous-yellowish flocci. In the younger specimens the orifice is distinctly marked with radiating lines. Hymenium concave, tawny ; asci clavate ; sporidia *0003 to '0004 inch long, oblong, sub- fusiform or cymbiform." " Under the lens the coat consists of very short flocci, intermixed with minute hyaline amorphous scales. We cannot point out any very near ally, except possibly P. humulis, Desm. It resembles P. apala more closely than any other species with which we are acquainted ' (B. and Br., L c.). Name — After the Rev. M. J. Berkeley. Twycross ! (Rev. A. Bloxam). LACHNELLA. 271 (ii.) Cups white or greyish- white. 63. Lachnella oedema. (Desm.) Cups very minute, rather crowded, sessile, globose, then expanded, slightly pubescent, greyish white, soft, subtremellose ; asci clavate, bent ; sporidia 8, biseriate, fusiform, 6 — 9 x 2/z ; paraphyses scarce, slenderly fili- form. Peziza oedema — Desm., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1850 ; Steven., " Myco. Scot.," p. 317; " Grevillea," viii. p. 101. P. epiphragmidium — Phil, in Herb. Mollisia atdema — Gill., " Champ.," p. 128. On decayed leaves of Rubus fruticosus, seated on Phrag m idium. Cups 100 to 150/z broad. Although the pubescence is visible under a low power of the microscope, the hairs are diffluent in water, and vanish away. When dried for the herbarium, it becomes pale fuliginous or watery- umber. Name — o't'Sqjua, a swelling; seated on a swelling formed by the Phragmidium. Dolgelly, North Wales ! Scotland (Rev. Dr. Keith). 64. Lachnella araneo-cincta. Phil. Cups scattered, minute, sessile, at first hemispherical, then expanded, concave, thin, white, when dry yellowish ; margin ciliated with long, slender, flexuous, pointed, white hairs ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, biseriate, narrowly fusiform, acutely pointed, 10 — 13 X l^u. Peziza araneo-cincta — Phil, in Bucknall, " Fung. Bristol," No. 621 ; " Grevillea," x. p. 68. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 169. On decayed birch-leaves. Cups 200 to 300/i broad. The hairs are non- septate, and so delicate that they are diffluent in water, with only slight pressure. Name — Aranewm, a spider's web, ciuctus, girded ; from the web-like hairs on the margin. Clifton, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 272 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 65. Lachnella aranea. (Be Not.) Cups minute, scattered, sessile, at first hemispherical, then expanded, white, clothed with long, flexuous, en- tangled hairs ; hymenium white, when dry pale yellow ; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, biseriate, oblong or oblong-fusiform, 7 X 1/u; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza aranea — De Not., " Micro. Ital.," i. No. 1 ; " Grevillea," viii. pp. 101, 111. Trickopeziza aranea- Sacc., " Mich.," vi. p. 253. Phialea aranea — Gill., "Champ.," p. 111. Exs.— Klotsch., " Herb. Myco.," ii. 17 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 165 ; Ellis, " N. A. Fungi," 843. On the inside of the husks of Spanish chestnut (Castanea vesca). Cups about 100 to 300^ broad. They are at first mere tufts of snow-white, entangled hairs. Name — Araneum, a spider's web; clothed with web- like hairs. Holme Lacy, Herefordshire ! 66. Lachnella scrupulosa. (Karst.) Cups gregarious, sessile, thin, subhemispherical or subsoleniiform, white or yellowish-white, or cinerascent, rough with papillae ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform or sub-acicular, 4 — 8 X 1 — 2/* ; para- physes filiform, slender. Peziza scrupulosa- -Karst., "Mon. Fez.," p. 178. Helotium scrupulosu m- -Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 152. Peziza tomipera — Phil, in herb. On dead thorn-wood. Cups about 200jui broad. The external papillae are formed by the ends of short, hair-like, tomiperous cells, which are remarkable from their habit of breaking off at the joints under slight pressure. Name — Scrup'idosus, full of little stones ; rough from the papillae on the outside. Scarborough! (Mr. G. Massee). LACHNELLA. 273 (/3) Paraphyses acerose. (i.) Cups coloured. 67. Lachnella albo-testacea. (Desm.) Cups scattered, erumpent, sessile, hemispherical, then expanded ; externally white and brick-red colour, floccose ; hairs slender, septate, flexuose ; hymenium flesh-colour; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, linear, straight or curved, 7 — 10 X 1 — 2/m ; paraphyses acerose, slender. Peziza albo-testacea — Desm., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," xix. (1843), p. 368; B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 560; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2059. Lachnea albo-testacea — Gill., " Champ.," p. 86. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr," 1415. On dead stems of grass, July. Cups about oOOju broad. " The exterior is of a brick- red colour, the hairs with which it is covered being white at their tips." Name — Albiis, white, testaceus, brick-coloured. King's Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 68. Lachnella candidata. (Cooke.) Snowy- white, sessile, soft, scattered or subgregarious, soon flattened ; margin often lobed and irregular, slightly elevated ; externally clothed with soft, tomentose hairs ; asci subclavate ; sporidia 8, minute, cylindrical, obtuse, hyaline, 7 X 1'op. Peziza candidata — Cooke in " Grevillea," i. p 130. On stems of Rubus, High gate (Dr. Cooke). 69. Lachnella episphwria. (Mart.) Cups sessile, becoming plane ; externally white, beset with long, ciliato-pilose hairs ; hymenium pale yellowish. Peziza episphceria — Mart, " Erl," p. 465 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco : ii. p. 100; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 197; Cooke; " Handbk.,* No. 2049. T 274 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On Hypoxylon multiforme, etc. Minute, gregarious, crowded (Fries, I. c.). I have seen several things under this name, but none of them appear to me to answer the description. The Rev. M. J. Berkeley says some of the specimens referred formerly to this species certainly belong to Helotium pruinosum (Jerd).* Name — tiri, upon, afyaipa, a sphere; growing on a Sphwria. Doubtful species. 70. Lachnella plano-umbilicata. (Grev.) Small, sessile, gregarious, whole plant white, globose- concave, at length quite plain ; ciliated with horizontal white hairs at the margin ; hymenium gently umbilicate. Peziza plano-umbilicata — Grev., " Flo. Edin.," p. 420 ; "Eng. Flo./1 v. p. 198; Cooke, " Handbk./' 2054. On dead nettles. Wholly white, remarkably plane, with a small dimple in the centre of the hymenium, which in old age assumes a yellowish tinge. The external surface is covered with white hairs, which form a beautiful ciliated margin not in the least raised. The margin is so irregular, that if there had been fewer cilia it O ' have been called pectinate (Grev.). As far as I know, there exists no authentic specimen of this either in the Edinburgh University Herbarium or in the Kew Herbarium. SUBGENUS III. — FIBRINA. Fries. Cups sessile or subsessile ; externally fibrose-striate with adpressed hairs ; epiphytal. (Plate VIII. fig. 49.) Name — Fibrinus, of a beaver ; from tne felty texture of the receptacle. ARRANGEMENT or THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia elliptic .. .. .. .. species 71, 72 B. Sporidia oblong . . . . . . • ,,73 * B. and Br., "Ann, Sc. Nat.," No. 1174. LACHNELLA. 275 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hymenium greenish-olive . . . . . . . . ntfo-oliracea. Hymenium umber-brown . . . . . , . . fraxinicola. Hymenium brownish . . . . . . . . . . aipuria. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC. 71. Lachnella rufo-olivacea. (A. and S.) Cups scattered, sessile, firm, hemispherical, then plane; externally villose-pulverulent, dingy ferruginous- red ; hymenium greenish-olive, at length black ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, globose-elliptic, bi- nucleate, becoming pseudo-septate, 15 X 7/u; paraphyses filiform, septate, thickened at the apices. (Plate VIII. fig. 49.) Peziza rufo-olivacea — A. and S., "Consp.," 320, t. 11, f. 4 ; Fries, « Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 99 ; « Eng. Flo," v. p. 197 ; Mart., " Erl. ," p. 464 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2046. Velutaria rufo-olivacea- -~Fck\., " Symb. Myco," p. 300. Lachnea rufo-olivacea — Gill, " Champ," p. 85. Exs.— Rabh, "Fung. Eur," 1420; Fckl, "F. Rh," 1192. On dead branches of rose and bramble. Cups J to J a line broad. Coarse brown granules are found on the exterior amongst the tomentum. Name — Rufus, reddish-brown, plivaceus, olive -colour. Longmynd and Red Hill, near Shrewsbury ! Forces, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 72. Lachnella fraxinicola. (B. and Br.) Cups scattered or gregarious, sessile, at first closed, then opening with an irregular aperture, at length orbicular, slightly depressed ; externally pale fawn-colour, furfuraceous ; internally brown ; hymenium umber- brown ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, faintly brown, 10 — 13 x 7- -fyi. Peziza fraxinicola — B. and Br, " Ann. Nat. Hist," 1160, t. 4, f. 21 ; Cooke, " Handbk," 2011. On ash-twio-s. ^j Cups about J a line broad, plane or slightly concave, 276 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. margined, much resembling L. rufo-olivacea (A. and S.) ; substance firm. Name — Fraxinus, an ash, colo, to inhabit. Northamptonshire ! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). B. SPORIDIA OBLONG. 73. Lachnella siparia. (B. and Br.) Cups erumpent, subsessile, at first globose, then cyathiform ; externally furfuraceous, ochraceous ; hyme- nium becoming brownish ; asci linear-clavate ; sporidia 8, linear-oblong, straight or curved, polari-nucleate, 10 — 12 x 2 — .S/x ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza siparia — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 772 ; Cooke, " Hanclbk.," No. 2079. On decorticated elm-branches. October. Cups 1 to 1-jj lines broad. " Accompanied by a floccose stratum, which is, however, possibly not constant. Cup at first subglobose, then cyathiform, scarcely stipitate, but fixed by a broad base, with the margin free ; exter- nally ochraceous, furfuraceous ; hymenium ochraceous, at length brownish; sporidia linear-oblong, '00045 inch long, curved, often with a nucleus at either extremity ' (B and Br.). Name — Siparium, a veil ; from the furfuraceous veil. Elmhurst ! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). GENUS X. — TAPESIA. Fries. Cups waxy or subcoriaceous, subsessile, crowded into a crust, or seated on a subtomentose subiculum (Fries, " Sys, Myco," ii. p. 105). (Plate VIII. fig. 50.) Name — rair^g, a carpet ; seated on a carpet. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Cups externally villose or tomentose. (a) Sporidia fusiform or oblong. (a) Sporidia simple. . .. . . species 1-4 (/?) Sporidia septate . . . . „ 5, 6 TAPESIA. 277 E. Cups externally naked. (a) Sporidia fusiform or oblong, (a) Sporidia simple (/3) Sporidia septate or nucleate . . Doubtful . . KEY TO THE SPECIES. species 7 2. 3. Tapesiurn blood-red . . Tapesium golden-yellow Tapesium blackish-brown Tapesium whitish (Growing on Aira casspitosa \Growing on bark or wood Cups glabrous ; hymeniurn pallid- white, cinereous, or brownish Cups subtomentose ; hymeniuna cinereous Cups rufous, with a satiny lustre Hymenium pale tawny Hymenium bluish-grey, sometimes black Hymenium. whitish, when dry yellowish 9 sanguined. aurelia. 1 3 mutabilis 2 fused. Johnstoni. rhakdosp' rma. cxsia. eriobasis. A. CUPS EXTERNALLY VILLOSE OR TOMENTOSE. (a) Sporidia fusiform or oblong, (a) Sporidia simple. 1. Tapesia ccesia. (Pers.) Sessile, becoming plane, villous, whitish ; margin obtuse ; base seated on a subiculum of long, interwoven, whitish mycelium ; hymenium subgelatinous, fuliginous brown or bluish-grey ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical or oblong-elliptic, straight or curved, 5 — 6 X 2/z ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. . Peziza Lichenoides — Pers., "Icon, et Desc.," p. 29, t 7, f 1. Peziza ccesia — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 657 : "Myco. Eur.," p. 272; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 108; Nees, "Sys," f. 272; Dit. and Sturm., "Dent. Flo," iii. t. 31 ; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 199 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2068. Tapesia ccesm— -Fckl, " Symb. Myco," p. 301. Peziza chavetice — Lib, exs. No. 26 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2069. Lachnea ccesia— Gill, " Champ," p. 92. Exs.— Libert, "Crypt. Ard," No. 26; Cooke, "Fang. Brit," No. 562, ed. ii. 555 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," No. 76. On chips of oak, etc. Autumn. 278 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Cups 300 to SOO^u broad. Forming a continuous layer on chips, in damp places. The tapesium becomes yellow on drying. " Crowded ; when young concave, then expanded." I have examined original specimens of P. chaveticB in Mad. Libert, exs., and find them to correspond exactly with P. ccesia. Name — Ccesius, sky- coloured ; greyish-blue. Appin (Captain Carmichael). Holme Lacy and Whitfield, near Hereford ! near Shrewsbury ! Grantown, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 2. Tapesia eriobasis. (Berk.) Gregarious, but generally distinct; cups orbicular, tomentose, fixed to little, round, snow-white, cottony spots, which are sometimes confluent ; when fresh white, when dry the hymenium has a yellowish tinge ; asci slightly clavate or obtusely lanceolate ; sporidia oblong, -0002 to -00025 inch long (5 to 5'5/i) (Berk.). Peziza eriobasis — Berk., "Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 312; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2070. On smooth inner surface of bark. Differs from P. ccesia and P. chavetice in its larger cups, pale disc, and several other points. The cups are sometimes extremely thin, crowded, and pressed very close to the matrix, but this is not usually the case (B. and Br.). Name — tptov, wool, /3aa*g, a base ; from the woolly carpet. 3. Tapesia mutabilis. (B. and Br.) Minute, at first presenting little brown villous specks from which the cups burst ; cups scattered ; externally brown, hemispherical, villous, becoming smooth and dirty-white ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, biguttu- late, endochrome sometimes restricted to either extremity, 13 — 18 X 2 — 4tfji ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza mutabilis — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 564 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2072. On leaves of Aira ccespitosa. TAPESIA. 279 When old it bears some resemblance to pale forms of P. atrata and P. palustris " (M. J. B.). Cups 200 to 3GO/J. broad, seated on a dark radiating tapesium. No hairs are discoverable on the cups in the original specimens. Name — MwtabUis, variable. Deny Hill, Wilts ! 4. Tapesia Rosce. (Pers.) Sessile, subcoriaceous, concave, subtomentose, bright brown, as well as the tomentose subiculum ; asci cylin- rlraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, 7 — 10 X 2'5/u. ; paraphyses indistinct. Peziza Rosce— Pers., " Obs.," 2, p. 82 ; " Myco. Eur," p. 278; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 109; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 200 ; Tode, i. £.41 ; Berk., " Mag. Zool. and Bot," No. 10; Karst., " Pez. et Ascob.," p. 25; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn," p. 34; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2073. Tympanis obtexta (Wallr.), var. pezizceformis--W3d\T., " Flo. Germ.," ii. p. 428. Tapesia EOSCB- -Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 301. Mollisea Rosce — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 208. Lachnea Rosce— Gill, " Champ.," p. 92. Exs.— Rabh, "Fung. Eur.," nov. ed.,359 ; Karst., "Fung. Fenn," 276; Fckl, " F. Rh," 1874; Berk, exs. No. 157; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," 477 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 30. On dead branches of Rosa canina. Autumn. Cups J a line broad ; subiculum tomentose, broadly effused, indeterminate ; cups scattered or aggregated, at first urceolate ; margin intlexed, then greatly expanded, when dry corrugated and deformed. Name — Rosa, the genus to which the wild rose belongs. Appin (Capt. Carmichael). King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Clungunford, Salop ! Var. Prunicola. Fckl. Cups twice the size of those in T. Rosce, very black, and the hairs more brown-black ; asci oblong, stipitate ; 280 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. sporidia uniserlate, cylindrical, obtuse at the ends, straight, hyaline, 10 X 2/ui ; paraphyses filiform, not clavate. Tapesia Prunicola — Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," p. 302. Exs.— FckL, "F. Eh.," 1190; Phil., "Elv. Brit," 306. On branches of Prunus spinosa. Name — Prunus, the genus to which the sloe belongs ; growing on sloe. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). (/3) Sporidia septate. 5. Tapesia rhabdosperma. (B. and Br.) Subiculum thin, tomentose, pale, tawny ; cups scat- tered, of the same colour ; externally paler, villose ; margin inflexed ; hymeniuni brighter ; asci lanceolate, obtuse ; sporidia 8, filiform, multiguttulate, 65 X 3/z ; paraphyses slenderly filiform, sometimes branched. Peziza rhabdosperma — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1621 ; " Grevillea," v. p. 61. On dead wood. November. Cups about 500ft broad. This is so near Arachnopeziza aurata — Fckl. ("Symb. Myco," p. 304) that I am disposed to think it at most a variety, differing in its paler colour. The sporidia cor- respond exactly. Name — pafiSog, a rod, cnrtpiui, seed ; from the form of the sporidia. Leigh Downs ! (C. E. Broome). 6. Tapesia aurelia. (Pers.) Sessile, scattered, subventricose, golden-yellow ; subi- culum thin, whitish ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, triseptate, 14^—20 x 3 — 5^t; paraphyses slenderly filiform. (Plate VIII. fig. 50.) Peziza aurelia — Pers, " Myco. Eur," p. 270 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 107; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 199; Nyl, " Pez. Fenn," p. 50 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2065. Peziza Wauchii — Grev, t. 139 ; Pat, p. 126, f. 285. Arachno- peziza aurelia — Fckl, c: Symb. Myco," p. 303, Patellaria TAPESIA. 281 licolor—CuTT., "Linn. Trans," xxiv. 491, t. 51, f. 15, 10; Cooke, "Handbk," 2175. Lachnea aurelia, Gill, " Champ," p. 91, c. i. (excl. sporidia). Exs. — Mong. and Nest, No. 783 ; Rav, v. No. 41 ; Lib, "Crypt. Ard," No. 127; Fckl, " F. Rb," 1191; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," 563 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 29 ; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 448. On the ground beneath decaying oak-leaves, mast, etc. Spring. Cups 1 to 2 lines broad, woolly ; subiculum radiating. A most beautiful species (Berk, in " Eng. Flo."). The ends of the sporidia are often furnished with a short cilium. Name — Aureus, golden. Foxhall, near Edinburgh (Capt. Wauch). Near Ludlow ! Minsterley, Salop ! Wkitfield, near Hereford ! B. CUPS EXTERNALLY NAKED. (a) Sporidia fusiform or oblong. (a) Sporidia simple. 7. Tapesia sanguinea. (Pers.) Cups sessile, concave, smooth, becoming blackish ; base surrounded by a short blood-red tomentum ; asci clavate, obtuse; sporidia 8, ovoid-oblong or oblong-ellipsoide, simple, hyaline, 6 — 10 X 2 — 3/z ; paraphyses filiform, thickened at the apex, fuscescent. Peziza sanguinea — Pers, " Tent. Disp. Meth," p. 34 ; and "Myco. Eur," p. 273; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 110; Nees, f. 271 ; Berk, " Mag. Zool. and Bot." No. 11 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2076; Nyl, "Pez. Fenn," p. 51. Tapesia sanguinea — Fckl, " Synib. Myco," p. 303 ; Pat, p. 37, f. 91. Patellaria sanguinea — Karst, "Myco. Fenn," p. 232. Phialea sanguinea — Gill, "Champ," p. 112. Exs.— Rabh, " Herb. Myco," ed. ii. 642 ; and " Fung. Eur," nov. ed, 226; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 148; Fckl, "F. Rh,"1187. On wood, fir, etc. November. Cups 200 to 400/i broad (Nyl.); sporidia 8 X 3^u. (Fckl.). 282 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Sanguis, blood ; blood-colour. Beeston, Nottinghamshire. Shifnal, Salop. (]3) Sporidia septate. 8. Tapesia fusca. (Pers.) Subiculum formed of densely woven, brown filaments, at times widely diffused, at other times hardly visible ; cups scattered or gregarious, concave, brown, then plane, cinereous, mouth often paler ; hymenium pallid-white, cinereous, or brownish ; externally glabrous ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform, simple or 2-guttu- late, becoming pseudo-septate, 8 — 16 X 2 — 3/u. Peziza fusca— Pers., " Obs.," i. p. 29; " Syn. Fung.," p. 657; '" Myco. Eur," i. p. 272 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 109 ; Grev., t. 192 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 200 (in part) ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2074 ; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 50 ; Karat., " Pez. et Ascob.," p. 26. Tapesia fusca — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 302. Mollisia fusca — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 207. Pkialea fusca — Gill., " Champ.," p. 113. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh," 1593; Phil., " Elv. Brit." 77 Rhem, "Asco.," 153; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 556. On wood. Spring and autumn. Cups about J a line wide. Name — Fuscus, brown, with a grey tinge. Near Shrewsbury ! Hereford ! Very common. 9. Tapesia Johnstoni. (Berk.) Sessile ; cups globose or subturbinate, at length open and rufous, with a satiny lustre, attached beneath to a broad, black-brown, grumous subiculum. Peziza Johnstoni — Berk., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 313. On fallen branches. ** Forming a uniform stratum on decayed sticks. Cups half a line broad, at first brown and pulverulent, at length rufous, rather thin, with a satiny lustre, subturbinate, with the margin permanently inflected, at first quite dosed; subiculum granulated, grumous, obscurely floccose" (M. J. B.). DESMAZIERELLA. 283 I have examined the original specimen, but can find no fruit. In general appearance it greatly resembles P. Rosce. Name — After Dr. Johnstone. Berwick! X.B. GEXUS XL— DESMAZIERELLA. Libert (amended). Receptacle orbicular ; hymenium disc-shaped, distinct, hairy with the rigid, bristle-like paraphyses ; asci cylin- drical ; sporidia hyaline, elliptic. Epiphytal. (Plate VIII. fig. 51.) Only one species known. Name — After J. B. H. J. Desmazieres. 1. Desmazieretta acicola. Lib. Cups scattered, sessile, turbinate, then plane ; exter- nally black, and clothed with a black byssoid tomentum : margin ciliated with long, bristle-like hairs ; hymenium dark brown, pilose with the projecting paraphyses ; flesh ]>ale cinereous; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 2-guttulate, loXS/i; paraphyses adherent in bundles, separated at the summits, which are black and pointed, exceeding the asci. Desmazierella acicola — Lib., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1829, p. 82, with figure ; "Grevillea," iii. p. 126, t. 42, f. 3. Exs.— Lib., " Crypt. Ard.," 24 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit.," 45 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2211 ; Rehm, " Asco.," 705. On dead leaves of Pinus sylvestris. Cups about 2J lines broad. This appears at first as a minute, hairy Chetomium-like body, nearly black, after- wards expanding into a sublentiforrn disc. The brown hairs of the hymenium, being prolongations of the para- physes, give this plant a striking character. Name — Acus, a needle, colo, to inhabit ; on pine- needles. Wrekin, and Acton Burnell, Salop ! Trefriw, North Wales ! Aberdeen ! (J. W. H. Trail). 284 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. GENUS XII. — PIROTT.EA. SACCARDO. Cup superficial, or between erumpent and superficial, sessile, scutellate, nearly carbonaceous, black, clothed with short rigid bristles ; asci 8-spored ; sporidia oblong, continuous, hyaline. (Plate VIII. fig. 52.) The habit of Pyrenopezizce, but setulose (Sacc. in " Mich.," i. p. 424. Name — After R. Pirotta. Only one British species. Pirottcea vectis. (B. and Br.) Cups scattered, sessile, subglobose, then hemispherical ; externally dark brown or nearly black, clothed with short, rigid, brown, bristle-like hairs ; hymenium concave, pallid-cinereous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform, curved, or vermiform, 1 to 3-septate, 25 x fyi ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. (Plate VIII. fig. 52.) ' Peziza vectis — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 957 Cooke, " Handbk." No. 2063. On dead stems of Centaurea nigra. Cups 300/i broad. The short, rigid, nearly black hairs are chiefly on the margin, and are intermixed with brown polygonal granules. Name — Vectis, the name of the Isle of Wight. Hyde ! (Rev. A. Bloxam). Order III.— ASCOBOLE^E. Boud. Receptacle sessile, plane or convex, fleshy or sub- gelatinous ; asci broad, never cylindrical, easily emergent, rendering the disc papillate by their prominent summits. (Plate IX. figs. 53-58.) Named from the typical genus. For the most part growing on old dung of animals in shady places ; sometimes on earth or decaying vegetable matter. LOUDIERA. 285 The soft, fleshy, subgelatinous texture ; the papillate hymenitirn, arising from the protruding asci, which are always broadly clavate ; and the growth of nearly all species on the dung of animals, are ready characters by which to distinguish the plants of this order from Pezizw. They rarely exceed 2 lines in breadth, the majority being much less. ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA. A. Sporidia having a coloured epispore. I. Boudiera. II. Ascobolus. B. Sporidia hyaline. IV. Thecotheus. V. Ryparobius. VI. Ascophanus. III. Saccobolus, KEY TO THE GENERA. A. Sporidia coloured, usually purple. tSporidia globose . . . . . . . . . . Boudiera. Sporidia elliptic. Sporidia free in ascus . . . . . . Ascobolus. Sporidia inclosed in a common membrane within the ascus . . . . . . . . Saccobolus. B. Sporidia hyaline. Sporidia not more than 8 in ascus (except sexdecimsporu*) . . . . . . . . Ascophanus. Sporidia more than 8 in ascus. Asci very large, much exserted . . . . Thecotheus. Asci small, but broad ., .. .. liyparobius. SECTION A. — SPOEIDIA COLOURED. GENUS I. — BOUDIERA. Cooke in " Grevillea," vi. p. 76. Immarginate, obicular, discoid, plane or convex, fleshy ; hymenium papillate ; asci clavate or clavate- cylindrical, ejected; sporidia globose; paraphyses dis- tinct. (Plate IX. fig. 53.) Name — After E. Boudier. Boudiera areolata. Cooke and Phil. Cups dark brown, orbicular, convex ; asci clavate cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, deeply areolate, hyaline, brownish, 30/i ; paraphyses stout, septate, clavate, and brown at the apico- (Plate IX. fig. 53.) 286 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Boudiera areolata — Cooke and Phil., "Grevillea," vi. p. 76. On moist ground on the margin of a lake. May. Receptacles about 1 to 1J line broad. Name — Areolce, little beds in a garden ; from the depressions on the sporidia. Llyn Gwernon, North Wales ! GENUS II. — ASCOBOLUS. Pers. Sessile, disc plane or convex, papillate from the pro- jecting asci ; sporidia 8, elliptic, coloured, free in the ascus. (Plate IX. fig. 54.) Name — acncoc, leather bag, wine-skin, and jSoXoc, a projection ; from the projecting asci. Distinguished from Boudiera by the elliptic sporidia, and from Saccobolus by the sporidia being free in the ascus, i.e. not inclosed in a common membrane. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Exterior of the cup smooth . . . . species 1-4 B. Exterior of cup furfuraceous or granulated „ 5-9 c. Exterior of cup pilose . . . . . . „ 10, 11 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Exterior smooth . . . . . . . . . . 1 Exterior rough . . . . . . . . . . 2 Exterior pilose, pale ochre . . . . . . . . brunneus. Exterior clothed with hyaline hairs, yellowish- green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . immersns. (Turbinate ; exterior yellowish -green . . . . denudatus. | Subcylindrical ; exterior yellowish-green, shining. . xrugineus. 1. -{Flattish; exterior dull purple ; margin laciniate . . vinosus. j Oblong-globose, then pyrifurm; exterior white, I orange, or vinous -brown . . . . . . . . glaler. 'Globose or hemispherical ; exterior pale yellowisL- green : on pigeon-dung . . . . * . . . . viridulus. Flattish ; exterior umber-brown : on charcoal . . atro-fuscus. Globose to hemispherical ; exterior greenish-yellow : 2. \ on cow-clung furfuraceus. Flattened ; exterior dark, dingy, yellowish-green : on clay ground ' viridis. Globose, then flattened ; exterior greenish-yellow : I, on grouse-dung I .. cremdatus. ASCOBOLUS. 287 A. EXTERIOR SMOOTH. 1. Ascobolus denudatus. Fries. Gregarious, yellowish-green, smooth, turbinate, sub- stipitate ; hymenium plane ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, violet, at length brown ; epispore reticulated, 17 X 8ju ; paraphyses rather stout, clavate, forked, or with irregular processes at the summits. Ascobolus denudatus — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 162 ; Cooke, "Jour. Bot." (1864), f. 2; Crouan, "Flo. Fin.," p. 57; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2196; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1083, t. 16, f. 24; Boud., « Ascob.," p. 26, t. 5, f. 3 ; Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," p. 287 ; Gill., " Champ," p. 139. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1849. On old fir-poles ; on the ground, attached to decayed leaves, etc. Autumn. Cups about 1 line broad. Name — Denudatus, made naked. Marlborough Forest ; Stopham, Sussex ! (Mr. C. H. Spencer Perceval). Norton Camp, Craven Arms, Salop ! Ercall Hill, Salop ! Leigh Downs, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 2. Ascobolus cerugineus. Fries. Sessile, gregarious, at first globose or subcylindrical, smooth, somewhat shining, translucent, from yellowish- green approaching olive when old, but not purple ; hymenium plane, marginate, becoming nigro-punctate ; asci narrowly clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, violet or purplish-violet, at length brown, rugose, rugae anasto- mosing, sometimes smooth, 15--17 X S/u; paraphyses filiform, septate, hyaline, involved in sulphur-green gelatine. Ascobolus cerugineus — Fries, " Obs.," ii. p. 310 ; " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 165; Cooke, "Jour. Bot.," 1864; Boud., '' Ascob.," p. 32, t. 7, f. 12 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 146. Asco- bolus marginatus — Schum., " Srel.," ii. p. 437. On horse-dung. August. O Ci 288 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Cups about J to J a line broad; flesh olive; disc becomes black when dry. Name — JErugo, verdigris; from the colour. 3. Ascobolus vinosus. Berk. Sessile, at first globose, then depressed, smooth, dull purple ; margin laciniate ; hymenium plane or convex, livid-purple ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, rugose, rugae anastomosing, at first colourless, then purple, at length brown, 23 X 13/z ; paraphyses filiform, septate, scarcely coloured, enveloped in livid gelatine. Ascobolus vinosus — Berk., " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 209 ; "Out!," p. 374; Cooke, "Jour. Bot.," 1864; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1083,* t. 16, f. 25 ; Boud., « Ascob.," p. 31, t. 6, f. xi. ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2201 ; Gill, " Champ.," p. 145. Exs.— Berk., No. 159; FckL, " F. Rh," 1852; Phil, " Elv. Brit./' No. 95. On rabbit-dung in woods. Autumn. Cups about J to 1 line broad. The pseudo-parenchyma consists of dark purple-brown cells. Name- -Vinum, wine; colour of wine. Common and generally distributed. Haughmond Hill, and Attingham, near Shrewsbury ! Ercall Hill, Salop ! 4. Ascobolus glaber. Pers. Sessile, minute, crowded, rarely scattered, glabrous, shining, subgelatinous, oblong-globose, then pyriform ; base immersed, appearing hemispherical, plane or convex, varying in colour from white or orange to vinous- brown ; asci broadly cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, clear violet, rugose, rugre anastomosing, 25 X 13^; paraphyses filiform. Ascobolus glaber — Pers, " Obs," i. p. 34, t. 4, f. 7 ; " Syn. Fung," p. 667 ; " Myco. Eur," i. p. 340 ; Bivona, " Man," iv. p. 27, t. vi. f. 4 ; A. and S, p. 348 : Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 164; Cheval, "Flo. Par," i. p. 383; Merat, " Flo. Par.," i. p. 254 ; Berk, " Eng. Flo," v. p. 209 ; " Outl," ASCOBOLUS 289 p. 374 ; Cooke, "Jour. Bot," 1864, f. 4 ; B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist./' 1085*, t. 16, f. 27; Crouan, "Flo. Finn.," p. 57; Nyl., "Fez. Fenn," p. 83; Karat., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 78; Boud., "Ascob," p. 33. t. 7, f. 13-15; Fckl, "Symb. Myco.," p. 287; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2203; Gill., " Champ.," p. 145. Ascobolus albidus — Crouan, "Ann. Sc. Nat." (1858), t. 13, f. 1-6; " Flo. Fin," p. 57. Exs.— Karst, " Fung. Fenn," 542. On cow-dung, horse-dung, and rabbit-dun. Autumn. Cups about J to ^ a line broad ; they are decidedly pyriform when removed from the matrix. The convex disc is covered with black papillae, which are the summits of the asci, containing the dark sporidia. Monsieur Boudier has three forms, distinguished by their colour — 1. Altogether white or whitish (Asc. albidus — Crouan, I. 1836; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 399. On old cow-dung. October. Cups 400 to 60'/K»j, thecus, wOtw, I push ; from the project- ing asci. One species only. 1. Thecotheus Pelletieri. (Crouan.) Scattered or crowded, at first conical, then cylindrical, at length rotund-applanate, grey or cinereous-lilac; 298 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. covered externally with an excessively subtle white pruina ; hymenium opaque, often paler ; asci elongated, very large, broad, opening at the apex by a subumbonate operculum; sporidia 32, hyaline, larger than in Rypa- robius, elliptic, subacuminate, the young ones filled with conspicuous minute drops, and surrounded singly with gelatine, the mature ones naked, with one central nucleus, 27 X 14ju; paraphyses slender, septate, hyaline, branched from the base, enveloped in hyaline gelatine. (Plate IX. fig. 56.) Ascobolus Pelletieri — Crouan, " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1857, vol. vii. p. 173, t. iv. A. f. 1-4 ; " Flo. Finn.," p. 56 ; Coemans, " Not. Ascob. Belg.," p. 15; "Bull. Soc. Belg.," i. p. 88 ; Kickx., " Crypt. Flan.," i. p. 477 ; Pat., p. 74, f. 172. Thecotheus Pelletieri— Boud., "Ascob.," p. 46, t. 9, f. 22 ; Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," x. p. 69. On horse-dung. It is also found on dung of cows, sheep, and dogs. Gups i to 1 line broad. Easily recognized by the large asci and numerous sporidia. Name — After Captain Pelletier. Grown under glass, Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Scar- borough ! (Mr. Massee). GENUS V. — RYPAROBIUS. Boud. Very minute, hardly visible to the naked eye, waxy, marginate, sessile ; hymenium plane ; punctate from the prominent asci, when dry margin inflexed, rotundate ; asci minute, but proportionately very broad, often ovate, scarcely attenuated at the base ; always polysporus, opening by a large convex operculum, scarcely rising above the mature disc ; sporidia very minute, hya- line, very numerous, never granulose within, nucleus hardly visible, when mature aggregated into an oblong o-lobule, but easily serjarable (Boudier, L c.). (Plate IX. fig. 57.) Distinguished from the preceding genus by the smaller RYPAROBIUS. 299 size of tlie receptacle and the colourless and numerous sporidia. Name — pvirapoz, dirty, /3«'oe, life ; living on dung. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Exteiior of cup smooth. (a) Margin not ciliated . . (&) Margin ciliatt d B. Exterior hairy species 1-2 „ 3-5 6-8 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Exterior fulvous Exterior wl die 1 (Sporidia elliptic ' (Sporidia fusiform Margin fringed ; sporidia 16-21 2. ~~ Margin ciliated; sporidia 12S Margin not ciliated . . g (Exterior hairy ; sporidia 61 . ' \Hairs on margin only Hairs short, irregular; sporidia 61-90 4. Cookei. I 2 3 parvisporus. subhirtus. 'ilUS. Woolhopensie. 4 Levielleanus. Crouani. Hairs short, rough ; sporidia 32 Hairs soft; sporidia 01; cups globose, then ap- plauate .. .. .. .. .. .. arrjenteus. A. EXTERIOR OF OUP SMOOTH. (a) Margin not ciliated. 1. Ryparobius Cookei. (Crouan.) Very much crowded, rarely scattered, extremely minute, hemispherical, glabrous, fulvous, paler at the base ; margin irregularly paler ; hymenium plane, whitish or pallid-fulvous, papillate from the exserted asci; sporidia 64, oblong-elliptic, hyaline, scarcely acute, 8 — 10 4 — 5ju; paraphyses scarce, hyaline, septate, scarcely thickened at the apices. (Plate IX. fig. 57.) Ascobolus Cookei — Crouan, "Flo. Finn.," p. 56, fig. 3; Cooke, " Grevillea," i. p. 132. Ryparobius Cookei — Boud., " Ascob.," p. 48, t. 9, f. 24. Ascobolus myriadeus — Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," exs. No. 552. Ascobolus polysporus — Auers. in " Hedwig.," 1868, p. 51. Ascobolus crustaceus -FckL, "Symb. Myco," p. 288; Karst., " Mon. Fez.," p. 208 ; Pezlzula Crustacea — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 81. 300 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Exs.— Fckl., " F. Rh.," No. 1858; Karst., "Fung. Fenn," No. 552. On cow and rabbit dung. Cups 100 to 200/j broad. Name— After Dr. M. C. Cooke. Near Hereford (Mr. J. Renny). Near London (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Near Bath (Mr. C. E. Broome). Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 2. Ryparobius dubius. Boud. Scattered, excessively minute, often immersed, rotun- date, pallid-grey or fulvous ; hymenium convex, pellucid, immarginate ; asci oblong or oblong- ovate, hyaline, obtuse at the base, or slightly attenuated ; sporidia 128(?), elliptic, hyaline, subacute; paraphyses none or very rare, short, hyaline, septate. Ryparobius dubius — Boud., " Ascob," t. 10, f. 26 ; B. and Br., « Ann. Sc. Nat," No. 1392 ; Cooke, " Grevillea," ii. p. 163 ; Bucknall, "Fung. Bristol," pt. 2, p. 349. On horse and rabbit dung. This is the smallest and least visible species of the genus, being difficult to discover even with the aid of a lens. It is distinguished from its congeners by its numerous sporidia, its being generally paler in colour, immersed, always scattered, and having asci not narrowed at the base into a stem. Name — Dubius, doubtful. Leigh Downs, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Bath- ford (Mr. C. E. Broome). (b) Margin ciliated. 3. Ryparobius Crouani. (Renny.) Very minute, at first clear white, then whitish, fragile, sessile, hemispherical, glabrous, exterior of cup formed of a single series of cells ; margin ciliated with a single series of short, rough, subacuminate hairs ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 32, oblong-fusiform, obtuse at the ends, hyaline, smooth ; paraphyses not seen. Ascozonus Crouani — Renny in " Trans. Woolhope RYPAROBIUS. 301 Club," 1873, p. 130, t. 3, f. 6-10; and "Jour. Bot.," 1874, p. 356, t. 154, f. 6-10. On rabbit-dung. Autumn. Cups T5U> rarety TO~O> °f an inch broad, formed of a single layer of subcubical cells, with a single row of sharp, pointed hairs, often roughened on their sides about J to £ of the whole height ; disc plane, granulate ; asci narrower than usual ; sporidia normally 32, oblongo-fusi- form. To be distinguished from A. cunicularis by the shorter and tapering rough cilia, as well as by the thinness and transparency of the walls (Renny). Name — After M.M. Crouan fre'res. Hereford (Mr. James Renny). 4. Ryparobius argenteus. B. and Br. Very minute, at first globose, then applanate, silvery- white, ciliated with soft hairs ; asci short, broad, spo- ridiferous ; cysts elliptic, seated towards the apex ; sporidia 64, fusiform, hyaline, smooth, 17 X 7'6/m', para- physes filiform, furcate, tips slightly enlarged. Rypa/robius argenteus — B. and Br. in "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1394; " Grevillea," ii. 163. Ascozonus cuni- cularius— Renny, "Trans. Woolhope Club," 1873, p. 129, t. i, f. 1-4; and "Jour. Bot.," 1874, p. 355, t. 155, f. 1-4. On rabbit-dung, for the most part attached to fila- ments of Mucor. Cups WOjui across, scarcely visible to the naked eye ; asci opening with a little lid, which splits vertically. Comes near to R. felinus (Boud.), but has soft hairs, and is of a pure white (B. and Br.). But for the colourless sporidia, this, as well as Nos. 6 and 7, should belong to Saccobolus, on account of the " sporidiferous cysts." Name — Argentum, silver, having a silvery appear- ance. Near Hereford (Mr. Renny). 5. Ryparobius Leveilleanus. (Renny.) Very minute, shortly stipitate, silvery white ; stem formed of rounded, prominent cells ; body of cup of 302 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. smaller, much-flattened cells ; margin ciliated with a single row of short irregular hairs ; hymenium papillate ; asci very broad, tapering below, with an umbonate operculum ; sporidia 64 to 96, oblong-fusiform, obtuse at the ends, hyaline, smooth ; paraphyses not seen. Ascozonus Leveilleanus — Renny in " Trans. Woolhope Club," 1873, p. 130, f. 1-5. A. Leveillei— Renny, "Jour. Bot.," 1874, p. 356, t. 154, f. 1-5. On rabbit-dung. Winter. Cups ^Q to yi^o of an inch wide (Renny). Name — After J. H. Leveille. Hereford (Mr. J. Renny). B. EXTERIOR HAIRY. 6. Ryparobius Woolhopensis. Renny. Minute, scattered, at first pure white, then dingy; cups with a thick stem-like base, which is tuberculate, covered with close-set hairs, which fringe the margin, at length expanding, the hairs disappearing with age ; sub- stance of base vesicular; asci broadly clavate, spori- diferous, cysts seated towards the apices ; sporidia 64, broadly fusiform, hyaline, smooth, 17- -18 X 5^; para physes filiform, stout, simple. Ryparobius Woolhopensis (Renny) — B. and Br. in "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1395; « Grevillea," ii. p. 163. Ascozonus Woolhopensis — Renny, "Trans. Woolhope Club," 1873, p. 130; and "Jour. Bot.," 1874, p. 356, t. 153. On bird-dung, mixed with filaments of Mucor, and mostly borne by them. Cups \ a line ('041) wide and high. Name — After the Woolhope Field Club. Hereford (Mr. James Renny). 7. Ryparobius subhirtus. (Renny.) Minute, sessile, hemispherical, pure white, nearly transparent, dotted with short unequal hairs, which are mostly connate in pairs or threes ; margin ciliated ; hyme- nium flat, coarsely papillate ; asci very wide, oblong, ASCOPHANUS. 303 narrowed at the base, somewhat abruptly, to a point; sporidia about 128 (not less), elliptic, hyaline, smooth, collected at length into an ovoid mass in the upper part of the ascus ; paraphyses not seen. Ascozonus subhirtus — Renny in " Trans. Woolhope Club," 1873, p. 131, t. 2, f. 4-7; and "Jour. Bot.," 1874, p. 357, t. 155, f. 4-7. On rabbit-dung. Autumn. Name — Sub, somewhat, hirtus, hairy. Hereford (Mr. James Renny). 8. Ryparobius parvi*porus. (Renny.) Very minute, fragile, somewhat more fleshy than other species, white and brilliant at first, then duller, with a faintly vinous tinge ; substance formed of bladdery polygonal cells, unequal in size, and often projecting in hair-like threads ; margin unevenly fringed with some- what roughened subulate hairs, often in a partly double row ; hynienium at first flat, then filled with the prominent, broadly clavate asci; sporidia 16 to 24, elliptic, hyaline, smooth ; paraphyses filiform, stout, septate. Ascozonus parvisporus — Renny in " Trans. Woolhope Club," 1873, p. 131, t. 3, f. 1-5; and "Jour. But.," 1874, p. 356, t. 156, f. 1-5. On rabbit-dung. Autumn. Name — Parvus, small, sporus, a spore. Hereford (Mr. James Renny). GENUS VI. — ASCOPHAXUS. Boud. Receptacle sessile, pilose, pruinose, or glabrous; hymenium plane or convex, rarely marginate; asci broadly clavate, or rarely oblong-ovate ; hyaline or very faintly coloured, opening by a conspicuous, rotund, often recurved operculum; sporidia 8 or 16, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, hyaline or at the most very faintly tinted, when young singly surrounded with gelatine, smooth or rarely very minutely punctate. (Plate IX. fig. 58.) 304 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Distinguished from the preceding genus by the smaller number of sporidia. Chiefly inhabiting dung, but occasionally found on veetable and animal substances. Name — ascus, to appear. ARRANGEMENT OP THE SPECIES. A. Exterior glabrous. (a) Sporidia globose . . . . (&) Sporidia elliptic. (a) Eight in ascus . . (/3) Sixteen in ascus B. Exterior rugose, granulate c. Exterior hairy KEY TO THE SPECIES. Brown or fulvous ; margin black Brown ; margin same colour, in flexed Red Yellow . . Cinereous White .. j Orange-red 1. < Flesh-colour or rosy-flesh ( Brick-red ! Pallid-yellow or whitish, rugose Pale yellowish-ochre, translucent, smooth . . Pallid-ochraceous ; paraphyses often curved Yellow testaceus, pilose (Silvery- white ; paraphyses clavate [Milk-white; paraphyses filiform 3. <| Dirty-white or yellowish ; paraphyses globose | White, 16 sporidia in ascus .. (.White, spores globose species 1 2 12 13 14 15 minutissimus. subfuscus. 1 2 cinereous. 3 aurora. carneus. testaceus. consociatus. granulifonnis. ochraceus. pilosus. argenteus. lacteus. microsporus. sexdpcimsporus. Boudieri. A. EXTERIOR GLABROUS. (a) Sporidia globose 1. Ascophanus Boudieri. (Renny.) Minute, sessile, hemispherical, glabrous, clear white ; hymenium plane, papillate; asci broadly cylindraceo- clavate; sporidia 8, globose, asperate, hyaline; para- physes filiform, stout. Ascobolus Boudieri — Henny in litt. cum ico. On rabbit- -dung. The above description is drawn up from a beautiful ASCOPHANUS. 805 drawing sent me by Mr. Renny, but I regret to say no indication of the magnifying power is given, so that I am unable to supply the measurements of the sporidia. Name — After E. Boudier. Hereford (Mr. James Renny). (b) Sporidia elliptic. 2. AscopTianus subfuscus. Boud. Crowded, rarely scattered, very minute, hemispherical; externally glabrous, brown, paler at the base, when dry black-brown, with an irregular inflexed margin ; hyrne- nium plane, pale or pale fulvous ; asci short, broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, subfusiform, hyaline, 10 x 5/j.f paraphyses broadly clavate and brown at the apices. AscopTianus subfuscus — Boud., "Ascob.," p. 52, t. 10, fig. xxviii. ; " Scott. Nat.," i. (new series) 87. Kxs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. No. 657. On cow-dung. Receptacles, according to Boudier, -fQ to i mm. (100 to 2()0/.i) broad. The specimens referred to the above species agree in size and external characters, but not in habitat ; nor, indeed, can it be said of the sporidia that they are sub- fusiform. Shrewsbury ! 3. AscopTianus minutissimus. Boud. Very minute, hardly visible under a lens, always scattered, hemispherical or applanate, brown or fulvous ; hymenium the same colour; margin black; asci rather broad, small, hyaline, attenuated at the base ; sporidia 8, elliptic, subfusiform, hyaline, smooth, 7 X 4^u ; paraphyses Dimple, pyriform at the apices, yellow-green, hyaline at the base. Ascophanus minutissimus — Boud., :< Ascob.," p. 53, t. 10, f. 29. On horse-dung. 306 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. About 100 to 200/z broad. Name — Minutus, minute ; very minute. Near Birmingham! (Mr. W. B. Grove). 4. Ascophanus argenteus. (Curr.) Gregarious, exceedingly minute, barely visible to the naked eye, subpyriform, of a silvery-white colour, oblong-ovate, narrowed to a point at the base ; sporidia 8, elliptic, colourless, 12 x 7'6/ij paraphyses clavate at the apices. Ascobolus argenteus — Curr.; Cooke, "Jour. Bot.," May, 1864, f . 6 ; B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1088, 1. 17, f. 32; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2210; Gill, "Champ.," p. 142. Ascophanus argenteus — Boud, " Ann. Sc. Nat." (1869), vol. 10, t. 11, f. 32 ; " Ascob.," p. 55. On cow-dung. Scarcely visible to the naked eye. Name — Argentum, silver; of silvery appearance. Eltham (Mr. F. Currey) 5. Ascophanus lacteus. (Cooke and Phil.) Scattered, at first obconical, then expanded, slightly concave, at length convex, milk-white, glabrous; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, generally biseriate, elliptic, hyaline, smooth, 10 X 5ju; paraphyses filiform. Ascobolus {Ascophanus) lacteus — Cooke and Phil, in " Grevillea," v. p. 119. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit./' ed. ii. 560. On cow- dung. Cups J to f of a line broad. In external appearance it certainly resembles an Helotium, but here the resem- blance ceases. In size as well as sporidia it differs from the pale forms of Ascoph. ochraceus, and from Ascoph. argenteus in the slightly smaller sporidia, the narrower asci, and the filiform paraphyses. Name — Lac, milk ; milk-white. Shrewsbury ! ASCOPHANUS. 307 6. Ascophanus microsporus. (B. and Br.) Very minute, sessile, dirty white or yellowish brown, depressed; asci broadly clavate, often furnished at the base with a little narrow, oblique stem ; sporidia 8, elliptic, at length violet, smooth, 7'6 X 3'5^u ; paraphyses globose at the apices, tilled with a greenish-yellow endochrome. Ascobolus microsporus — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1087, t. 16, f. 28 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2209. Asc. Ccemansii--^oud.) "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1869; and " Ascob," p. 54, t. 10, f. 30. Exs.— Rabh, " Fung. Eur," No. 977. On dung of cows and sheep. About J to J a line broad. " This differs materially from Ascoph. granuliformis in the size of the fruit, which is proportionally narrower ; the colour also is different " (B. and Br., I. c.). Name — /miKpo^, minute, vwopos, a seed. Batheaston (Messrs. Berkeley and Broome). Han- ham, near Bristol ! (Mr. Broome). Forden (Rev. J. E. Vize). Shrewsbury ! 7. Ascophanus granuliformis. (Crouan.) Minute, sessile, globose or hemispherical, pale yellow- ochre, translucent, opaque in the centre, smooth ; asci small, very wide, oblong-ovate, narrowed at the base ; sporidia 8, hyaline, smooth, elliptic, 10 — 13 X 7'6/n ; para- physes hyaline, septate, simple or branched, pear-shaped at the apices. Ascobolus granuliformis — Crouan, "Ann. Sc. Nat." (1858), vol. 10, tab. 13, f. 27-35 ; " Flo. Fin," p. 56 ; Cooke, "Jour. Bot.," 1864, f. 5; "Handbk," No. 2208 Ascophanus granuliformis — Boud, " Ascob," p. 55, t. 10, f. 31 ; "Ann. Sc. Nat," 1869, vol. 10; Pat, p. 74, f. 173. Exs.— Rabh, " Fung. Eur," nov. ed. No. 782. On cow-dung. About J to J a line broad. 308 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Granum, a grain, forma, form ; like a small grain. Batheaston (Mr. C. E. Broome). Shrewsbury I 8. Ascophanus aurora. (Crouan.) Scattered, minute, orange-red, shining, flattened 5 hymenium plane or convex, when old covered with crystalline papillae ; asci clavate, attenuated at the base ; sporidia elliptic, hyaline, smooth, 10 x 6'5^t; paraphyses filiform, slender, simple, bifid, or trifid, curved, filled with orange granules. Peziza aurora — Crouan, " Ann. Sc. Nat.," ser. 5, vol. 10, t. 11, f. 36. Ascophanus aurora — Boud., "Ascob.," p. 58, t. 11, f. 36 ; Cooke, "Grevillea/' i. p. 132. On cow-dung. February. Cups J to f of a line broad. Name — Aurora, the morning ; from the ruddy colour. Eltham, Kent (Messrs. Berkeley and Broonie). 9. Ascophanus cinereus. (Crouan.) Scattered or scarcely crowded, at first globose, sub- urceolate, and marginate, then expanded, hymenium becoming plane or convex ; externally pruinose, cinereous or cinereous-fulvous ; asci broadly clavate, attenuated at the base; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, hyaline, epispore rough with granules, 20 x 9/x ; paraphyses filiform, slender, simple, septate. Ascobolus cinereus — Crouan, " Ann. Soc. Nat.," vol. 10, p. 194, t. 13 D, f. 17-20 ; and " Flo. Fin.," p. 56 ; Coemans, "Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg.," i. p. 88, No. 6; and " Spicilege," p. 15, No. 6; Kickx., "Flo. Flan," i. p. 477; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1085, t. 17, f. 30; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2212. Ascophanus cinereus — Boud., "Ascob," p. 59, t. 11, f. 37. About 200 to 400,u broad. Name — Cinis, ashes; ash-colour. Weybridge, Surrey ! (in the herbarium of the late Mr. F. Currey). ASCOPHANUS. 309 10. Ascophanus carneus. (Pers.) Scattered or rarely crowded, minute, sessile, flesh- colour or rosy flesh-colour, glabrous, at first globose, then flattened ; hymenium convex, papillate, immarginate ; asci broadly clavate, attenuated below, hyaline, or almost rosy ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, or sometimes minutely granular, hyaline, each -when young surrounded by gelatine, 18 X 10/i ; paraphyses stout, clavate at the apices, septate. Ascobolus carneus — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 676 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 165; Berk., " Outl," p. 374 ; Karst., "Pez. et Ascob.," p. 44; and "Mon. Pez," p. 120; Nyl., "Pez. Fenn.," p. 86; Cooke, "Jour. Bot.," 1864; and "Handbk," No. 2213; B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1085*, t. 17, f. 29; Gill, "Champ," p. 143. Asco- phanus carneus — Boud, "Ann. Sc. Nat," 1869, x. t. 12, f. 38; and "Ascob," p. 60, c. i. ; Pat, p. 172, f. 379. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Rh," No. 1857; Rav, "Fung. Am," 176; Ellis, "N. A. Fungi," 853. On cow-dung, rotting cloth, and hempen cord. Aivtumn. About J to f of a line broad. Generally seated on a white mycelium. Name — Caro, flesh; flesh-colour. Ford en, Montgomeryshire, on nettle-stems ! Forres, N.B, on cow-dung ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Lynn, on cloth ! (Mr. 0. B. Plowright). Yar. ]3. cuniculi. Boud, "Ascob," t. 12, f. 39. Dirty orange or orange flesh-colour, J- a line broad, scattered or crowded. Paraphyses always hyaline. Phil, and Plow, " Grevillea ," ii. p. 187; Pat, p. 172, f. 380. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. No. 398. On rabbit-dung. December. Name — Cuniculus, a rabbit's burrow; from the habitat. Near Shrewsbury ! 310 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Yar. -y. saccharinus. (Berk, and Curr.) Cups f to 1 line broad. " Reddish pink or salmon- colour, when dry paler towards the margin ; plant attached at the base by white downy threads ; hymenium some- what glistening, looking as if sprinkled with minute particles of brown sugar " (Berk, and Curr.). Ascobolus saccharinus (Berk, and Curr.) — Berk., "OutL," p. 374; Cooke, "Jour. Bot.," 1864, f. 10; and 'Handbk," No. 2214; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1091*, t. 17, f. 36. Ascophanus saccharinus — Boud., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1869, vol. x. t. 12, f. 40; and "Ascob.," p. 61, c. i. On old leather, and also on rag. M. Boudier could discover no anatomical character by which to distinguish this from A. carneus ; nor can I, except that the sporidia are a little longer in proportion to their width. Name — Saccharum, sugar; resembling grains of sugar. Chislehurst, Kent, and Paul's Cray Common (Mr. F. Currey). 11. Ascophanus testaceus. (Moug.) Gregarious, waxy, sessile, unequal, smooth, depressed, convex, brick-red ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, epispore granular, 18 — 20 X 9 — 11/u; paraphyses stout, septate, simple, often clavate at the apices, filled with granular protoplasm. (Plate IX. fig. 58.) Peziza testacea, Moug. — Fries, "Elench.," ii. p. 11. Helotium testaceum — Berk., " OutL," p. 372 ; and " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 576. Ascobolus testaceus — Berk., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1082*, t. 14, f. 5; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2216. Ascobolus diformis — Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 85, Ascophanus difformis — Boud., " Ascob.," p. 62. Exs.— Rav.'No. 2139. On old sacking and rabbit-dung. Rather common. Cups about 1 line broad. Name — Testa, a brick ; brick-colour. King's Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bathford (Mr. ASCOPHANUS. 811 E. Broome). Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Forden, Montgomeryshire ! (Rev. J. E. Vize). Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plo wright). 12. Ascophanus ochraceus. (Crouan.) Minute, pallid-ochraceous or ochraceous; hymenium convex, minutely papillate ; asci somewhat fusiform or clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, smooth, hyaline, 16 X 9^; paraphyses simple or branched, septate, slightly thickened above, often curved. Ascobolus ochraceus — Crouan, " Flo. Fin.," p. 57 ; Cooke, "Grevillea," v. p. 62; Gill, "Champ," p. 143. Ascophanus ochraceus — Boud, " Ascob," p. 57, 1. 11, f. 34. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 559. On old cow-dung. Rare. About J a line broad, fleshy, glabrous. Name — Ochra, ochre ; the colour of ochre. Shrewsbury 1 13. Ascophanus sexdecimsporus. (Crouan.) Scattered, minute, sessile, hemispherical, plane or vslightly convex, glabrous, white, then greyish- white, at length clear yellowish-white; asci oblong, broad, nar- rowed at the base ; sporidia 16, elliptic, hyaline, smooth, 11 X 6/u ; paraphyses colourless, simple or branched below, straight or curved at the apex, where they are a little thickened. Ascobolus sexdecimsporus — Crouan, "Ann. Sc. Nat," 1858, vol. x. p. 195, t. 13 E, fig. 21-26; "Flo. Fin," p. 56; Cooke, "Jour. Bot," 1864, fig. 9; B. and Br. 'Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1091, t. 17, f. 35; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2211. Ascophanus sexdecimsporus — Boud, "Ann. Sc. Nat," 1869, vol. x. t. 11, f. 35; "Ascob," p. 57. In marshes, on droppings of cows and horses. October. Cups i to 1 line broad. Name — Sexdecim, sixteen, O-TTO/OOC. a seed. 312 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. Hanham, near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Hereford- shire ! (Mr. Renny). Church Stretton, Salop ! 14. Ascophanus consociatus. (B. and Br.) Cups gregarious, subhemispherical ; externally rugose, granulated, pallid-yellow or whitish; asci broadly cla- vate, short; sporidia 8, biseriate, broadly fusiform, granular within, 10 X 6/x; paraphyses filiform. Ascobolus consociatus — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1491, t. 2, f. 7; "Grevillea," iii. p. 123. On the remains of Sphceria cupulifera, on wood. Cups 100 to 150/z broad. The sporidia are very faintly tinted with yellow, and coarsely granular within. Name — Consocio, to associate ; gregarious. Langridge (Mr. C. E. Broome). 15. Ascophanus pilosus. (Fries.) Minute, sessile, yellow, testaceous-yellow or tawny- orange ; externally pilose, with long pallid or yellowish, nonseptate hairs, incrassated near the base ; hymenium papillate, margin naked ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, hyaline, oblong-elliptic, smooth, 20 X 10^ ; paraphyses slender, septate, simple or branched, hyaline, but filled with orange-yellow granules. Ascobolus pilosus — Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 164; " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 358 ; Crouan, " Flo. Fin.," p. 55 ; NyL, " Fez. Fenn," p. 86 ; Cooke, " Grevillea," iv. p. 112. Peziza equina, Muell, var. pilosa — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 73. Ascophanus pilosus — Boud., " Ascob.," p. 64, t. xii., 42-44; Pat., p. 211, f. 487. On grouse-dung. Cups 100/i broad. Referred to A. pilosus as a variety, but the specimens were more minute than usual, scarcely visible to the naked eye (M. C. Cooke). Name — Pilosus, hairy. Bannock, N.B. (Dr. Buchanan White). Var. ciliatus. (B. and Br.) Sessile, subhemispherical, smooth, orange ; hymenium plane; margin swollen, white, not ciliated; furnished BULGAKIErE. 313 with white nonseptate hairs near the base ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia elliptic, smooth, hyaline, 22 X W/m ; paraphyses filiform, filled with orange granules. Ascobolus ciliatus — Berk., " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 374 ; "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1083, t. 14, f. 7; Cooke, "Jour. Bot," 1864; " Handbk," No. 2215; Schmidt, "Myco. Hefte," i. p. 90 (?) ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 164 (?). Ascophanus ciliatus — Boud, u Ascob," p. 63. Exs.— Cooke, "Fung. Brit," No. 658, ed. ii. No. 190; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 97. On cow-dung. Autumn. Cups J to ^ a line broad. The pseudo parenchyma consists of square or oblong cells as figured by B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist,"t. 14, f. 7, and Boudier in "Ascob," t. 12, f. xliv. 1. The hairs are without septa, colourless, and ventricose near the base, or sometimes near the middle. To my mind it is doubtful whether we have the plant described by Schmidt, which Fries says is ciliated on the margin. There are two forms of A. pilosus, one with colourless hairs, the other with coloured hairs ; the former appears to have been referred to A. ciliatus, the latter to A. pilosus. Name — Cilium, the hair of the eyelash ; ciliated. Order IV.— BULGAKIE^E. Receptacle sessile, rarely substipitate, more rarely stipitate ; exipulurn gelatinous, subgelatinous, or horny ; sporidia elliptic or oblong, rarely filiform. (Plate X. figs. 59-63.) The consistence of the receptacle in this order is a marked feature, the nearest approach to which is found in Ascobolece ; but none of the species grow on dung, as is commonly the case in that order. Vibrissea is placed here with some misgiving, the receptacle being scarcely gelatinous. Name — From the typical genus. 314 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA. I. Bulgaria. II. Vibrissea. IV. 0 mbrophila. V. Calhria. III. Stamnaria. KEY TO THE GENERA Sporidia brown Sporidia filiform, long Sporidia not filiform, or, if so, short. . . (Receptacle urceolate Bulgaria. Vibrissea. 1 Stamnaria. [Receptacle moderately large, exceeding 1 line 1. \ broad ; sporidia large . . . . . . . . Ombrophila. I Receptacle minute, rarely reaching 1 line broad ; i, sporidia very minute . . . . . . . . Calloria. GEXUS I. — BULGARIA. Fries. Receptacle substipitate or sessile, glabrous ; mature cups plane or slightly convex ; excipulum gelatinous or fleshy gelatinous ; asci narrowly clavate ; sporidia brown (Plate X. fig. 59.) Inhabiting wood. The dark-coloured hymenium and brown sporidia distinguish this from the other genera. Name — From bulga, a leathern bag. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Receptacle turbiuate . . . . . . . . . . inqninans. Receptacle sessile . . . . . . . . . . pulla. 1. Bulgaria inquinans. Fries. Cteespitose, turbinate, firm, ge^tinous; externally rugulose, furfuraceous, umber ; hymenium becoming plane, black ; asci narrowly clavate ; sporidia 8 or 4, elliptic, unequal-sided, brown, 10 — 14 x 5 — 6ju; para- physes filiform, slender. (Plate X. fig. 59.) Peziza inquinans — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 631 ; and " Myco. Eur.," p. 318. Peziza nigra — Bull., " Champ.," p. 238, t. 460, f. 1. Peziza polyniorpha — With., vol. 4, p. 312; Sow., t. 428; Purt., "Mid. Flo.," vols. 2. and 3, No. 1046; Lightf., f. ii. p. 1003; "Flo. Dan.," t. 464; Hoffm., " Crypt.," ii. t. 6, f. 2. Peziza brunnea — Batsch, " EL," f. 50. Bulgaria inquinans — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 167; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 209; Berk., " Outl.," 375, BULGARIA. 315 t. 22, f. 7; Tul., "Ann. Sc. Nat,"ser. 3, pp. 160-164, t. 15, f. 1-7; and "Select. Fung. Carp./' iii. t. 17, f. 9, 10; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2217 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," 286 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 146, c. i. Exs.— Moug. and Nest, 197; Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 551, ed. ii. 509; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 462; Rabh., " Herb. Myco.," ed. ii. 599 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 324; Rav., "Fung. Carol.," v. 43; Fckl., 1136; Rehm, " Asco.," 74 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit," 49 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2107; Ellis, "N. A. Fungi," 448. On dead trunks of trees. Receptacles J to 1J inches broad, single or in fascicu- late heaps. " Tough, elastic, gelatinous, dark brown or chocolate, almost black, wrinkled, and rough externally : hymenium sometimes lacunose; stem in general black, almost obsolete, sometimes fasciculate, and confluent ' (Berk.). Name — BuJga, a leathern bag. Clifton! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Sutton Colclfield ! (Mr. \V. B. Grove). Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). Hawthornden, Edin- burgh ! Hey wood Forest, Herefordshire ! Haughmond Hill, Salop ! Chetwynd Park, Salop ! Church Stretton, Salop ! 2. Bulgaria pulla. Fries. Subgelatinous, sessile, glabrous, when young plane, quite entire, olivaceous, afterwards convex and quite black ; disc pruinose, pulverulent ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, uniseriate, elliptic, brown, guttulate, 10 — 16 x 7'5 — 8ft; paraphyses thickened upwards, adherent, and brown. Bulgaria pulla — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 358 ; Bucknall, " Fung. Bristol," No. 1075. Patellaria pulla -Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 160. On dead wood. Cups J to 1 line broad. Gregarious, separate or in confluent series, black within ; hymenium often pruinose from the scattered sporidia. Blaize Castle Wood! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 316 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. GENUS IL- -ViBRissEA. Fries (amended). Aquatic fungi (except rimarum), bearing the exposed hymenium on a plane or cup-shaped membranaceous receptacle, stipitate or sessile, fleshy, firm, ejecting from the asci 'slender elongated sporidia, which often remain attached by their extremities to the surface of the hymenium, giving it a velvety appearance (" Trans. Linn. Soc.," ser. 2; "Botany," vol. 11, p. 5). (Plate X. figs. 60, 61.) Name — Vibro, to shake ; from the vibrating sporidia. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Stipitate . . . . . . . . . . species 1-4 B. Sessile . . . . . . . . . . „ 5-7 KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. STIPITATE. Hymenium grey Hymenium orange-vermilion ; margin hispid Hymenium golden-yellow or blood-red , ( Exterior glaucous; stem squamulose .. ' \Exterior dark brown, granulose . . . . rmcroscopica. Margarita. 1 truncorum. Ftrgussoni. B. SESSILE. Hymenium pallid, ochraceous, or grey ; externally bluish-black Guernisaci. Hymenium ochraceous-yellow ; margin thin and distinct turbinata. Hymenium pallid or straw-coloured ; externally lurid leptospora. A. STIPITATE. 1. Vibrissea truncorum. (A. and S.) Fasciculate, gregarious or scattered ; hymenium convex, golden-yellow or blood-red, forming, with the membranaceous receptacle, an orbicular head ; stem terete, glaucous, squamulose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fili- form, multiseptate, 250 X 1/i ; paraphyses very slender, branched, slightly enlarged at the summits. (Plate X. fig. 60.) Vibrissea truncorum (A. and S.) — Fries, "Sys. Myco.," 11, p. 31; "Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 360. Leotia trun- YIBKISSEA. 317 corum—A. and S., p. 297, t. 3, f. 2 ; Sehw, "Syn," p. 88 ; Pers., " Myco. Eur," p. 199. Leotia clavus — id. op. cit., p. 200, t. xi. f. 9. Vibrissea truncorum — Wallr., " Flo. Germ./' vol. iv. p. 548 ; Kromb., 1, p. 76, t. v. f. 34-36 ; Corda, "Anl." t. G., f. 66, 1, 2; Bail., t. 21; Bisch., " Krypt.," f. 3374 ; Nees von Esen. u. Hen., " Sys. der Pilzen," vol. 11, p. 67, t. 21; Rabh, "Krypt. Flo," i. p. 339; Berk, " Encr. Flo," vol. v. p. 186; "Crypt. Bot," p. 284, f. 326; "OutL/Vp! 361; Karst, "Myco. Fenn," p. 26 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1955 ; f. 328 ; Steven, Myco. Scot," p. 298; Quelet, " Champ," p. 379; Peek, xxv, "Report N. Y. Mus," p. 98; Phil, "Trans. Linn. Soc," ser. ii. vol. ii. p. 5, t. i. figs. 1-9 ; Gill., " Champ," p. 28, c. i. ; Pat, p. 40, f. 99. Exs.— Moug. and Nest, No. 781 ; Phil, « Elv. Brit," No. 4 ; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 536. On decayed wood (alder, birch, pine, etc.) in sub- alpine streams. Spring. The head is about 2 lines broad, at first plane, becoming convex, often slightly repand, umbilicate beneath ; the stem, at first stuffed, becomes hollow, is 2 to 6 lines high, bluish-grey, with blackish squamules, or smooth, darker towards the base ; the asci are very long, cylindrical, numerous ; the sporidia very slenderly filiform, divided by numerous septa, narrower towards each extremity, 8 in each ascus; paraphyses numerous, branched, septate, enlarged and brownish at the summits. When removed from the water and exposed for a short time to the air, the sporidia shoot out from the hyme- nium with more or less violence, many of them remaining attached by one extremity to the hymenium, waving to and fro like floss silk, glistening in the light. Name — Truncus, a trunk of a tree ; from the habitat. Capel Curig, North Wales ! Scotland. 2. Vibrissea Margarita. White. Simple ; head orbicular, orange-vermilion ; margin hispid ; stem cylindrical, hirsute, with black, articulated 318 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. hairs ; internally whitish cinereous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, filiform, multiseptate. 180 X 2/uL ; paraphyses filiform, branched near the apices, which are subclavate and brown. Vibrissea Margarita — White, "Sott. Nat.," vol. ii p. 218 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1477; Steven., "Myco. Scot," p. 298 ; " Grevillea," vol. ii. p. 162 ; Phil., "Trans. Linn. Soc.," ser. 2, vol. ii. p. 6, t. i. f. 10-16. On dead sticks of heather in a pool of water, at an altitude of 2200 feet. September and October. The stems are simple, varying from 2 lines to J an inch in height, springing from complicated threads, and covered with black-jointed hairs or fibres ; at the junction with the head the stem is less hairy and paler in colour, internally it is solid and greyish- white. The head is flattened orbicular (sometimes concave in the middle), and of a beautiful orange-vermilion in colour ; the margin has a fringe of close appressed hairs of the same character as those on the stem ; underneath the head is paler in colour at the junction with the stem. The species is readily distinguished from its ally, V. trun- corum, by the hairy stems and differently coloured heads (Dr. Buchanan White, I. c.). Name — After Mrs. Buchanan White. Mor Shron, Braemar ! (Dr. Buchanan White). 3. Vibrissea Fergussoni. (B. and Br.) Stipes short, thickened upwards; cups plane, ex- ternally dark brown, granulose ; hymenium plane or pulvinate, yellow ; asci elongated ; sporidia filiform, 220^; summits of the paraphyses globose. Patellaria Fergussoni — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1490, t. 11. fig. 6 ; " Grevrllea," iii. p. 123. Vibrissea Fergussoni — Phil., " Trans. Linn. Soc.," ser. 2, vol. ii. P. 7. On Prunus Padus. Name — After the Rev. J. Fergusson. New Pitsligo, N.B. (Rev. J. Fergusson). TIBRISSEA. 319 4. Vibrissea microscopica. B. and Br. Very minute, plane or cup-shaped ; hymenium and receptacle grey; stipes short, slender, black; asci clavate; sporidia 8, filiform ; paraphyses filiform numerous. Vibrissea microscopica — B. and Br., ' Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1618 ; " Grevillea," v. p. 59 ; PhiL in " Trans. Linn. Soc.," ser. 2, vol. ii. p. 7, t. i. f. 17-24. On damp fir-wood. Scarcely visible without a lens. Stem very short, black ; head grey, leaving a cup-shaped depression when completely washed off; sporidia ejected, filiform (Berk, and Broome, L c.). The receptacle is 200^ broad ; the whole plant 200/x high ; sporidia 50 — 60 X 2p. Name — imiKpos, small, (TKOTT!W, to look ; from its minute- ness. Rannoch, N.B. I (Dr. Buchanan White). B. SFSSILE. 5. Vibrissea Guernisaci. Crouan. Minute, lentiform or turbinate, between fleshy and gelatinous ; hymenium pallid, ochraceous or grey, convex ; asci cylindrical, long ; sporidia 8, filiform, hyaline, 270/z long ; paraphyses slender, branched near the clavate summits. (Plate X. fig. 61.) Vibrissea Giierni&ici — Crouan, "Ann. Sc. Nat./' 1857, t. iv. f. 24-26 ; " Flo. Fin.," p. 46 ; Phil, and Plow, " Grevillea," iv. p. 120 ; Phil, " Trans. Linn. Soc," ser. 2, vol. ii. p. 8, t. ii. f. 1-7 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 204, c. i. ; Pat, p. 168, f. 369. Exs.— Phil, " Elv. Brit," No. 143. On dead submerged branches of Salix in water. May and June. Cups J to 1J lines broad. It first appears on the branches as a small greyish wart, with a somewhat paler point in the centre. In a more advanced state it assumes the form of a thick disc, similar to the apothecia of Lecanora. The hymenium is convex, soft in texture, 320 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. pallid bluish-yellow, margined by the excipulum, which is submembranaceous, and in section cup-shaped, bluish- black, adhering by the greater part of its base to the wood. The asci are very long and cylindrical, not as figured by M. Crouan, in " Ann. Sc. Nat." (I c.). The paraphyses are septate, often branched, and clavate at the summits. The sporidia are 270 X 2/x, and when mature septate. Name — After Vicomte de Guernisac. Wrexham, Denbighshire ! (Mr. B. Acton). Habberley and Berrington ! near Shrewsbury. 6. Vibrissea turbinata. Phil. Scattered, turbinate ; hymenium plane or convex, ochraceous yellow, margined by the thin edge of the receptacle, which is bluish-grey, smooth ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, filiform, 180 X 2^; paraphyses slender, branched near the summits, which are slightly enlarged and brownish. Vibrissea turbinata — Phil, in "Trans. Linn. Soc.," ser. 2, vol. ii. p. 8, t. ii. f. 14-18. HelotiwYi vibrissioides -Pk. in litt. On branches of ash in watercourse. Cup J to J a line broad. Name — Turbinatus — shaped like a top. Shrewsbury ! 7. Vibrissea leptospora. (B. and Br.) Hemispherical, then expanded, sessile ; hymenium pallid or straw-coloured ; externally lurid, from the scat- tered, black, adpressed flocci ; margin crenulate; sporidia filiform ; 200 to 230/j long, 2/x broad. Peziza leptospora — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1166, t. iv. f. 30. Vibrissea coronata — Phil, in Herb. Vibrissea leptospora — Phil, in " Trans. Linn. Soc./' ser. 2, vol. ii. p. 8, t. 2, f. 19-23. On decayed wood. About J a line across ; at first perfectly globose, often collapsed in the centre, but gradually opening and ex- STAMNARIA. 321 posing the soft, pallid, sometimes straw-coloured hyme- nium ; asci oblong ; sporidia very long and slender, filiform, flexuous, with a row of globose nuclei, at length repeatedly septate (B. and Br., I. c.). Name — XtTrroc, slender, atropog, a seed ; from the shape of the sporidia. Jedburgh ! GENUS III.— STAMXARIA. Fckl, " Symb. Myco," 300. Cups minute, csespitose, rarely scattered, distinctly stipitate, horny, diaphanous, glabrous, shining, globose- urceolate, hollow ; rnouth narrowed, truncate, and paler ; asci large, having 8 sporidia, which are in two rows, oblong, minutely guttulate, continuous, and hyaline. 1. Stamnaria Persoonii. (Moug.) Cups subglobose or urceolate, glabrous, orange-red ; margin paler, texture horny ; stem very short ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elongate-elliptic, guttu- late, 17- -19 X 4 — Qfj.'f paraphyses filiform, branched, slightly enlarged at the apices. Peziza Persoomi- -Moug. in Pers., "Myco. Eur.," i. p. 288, t. 12, f. 1 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 121 ; " Eng. Flo./' v. p. 201 ; Grev., t. 162 ; Cooke, " Handbk./' No. 2088. Peziza Equiseti--Fri.es in MS. ; Gonn. and Rabh., iii. t. 5, f. 5. Lycoperdon Equiseti- -Hoffm., " Crypt.," t. 5, f. 1. Stamnaria Persoonii — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 309. Phialea Persoonii— Gill, " Champ.," p. 106. Exs.— Libert, No. 329; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," 123; Fckl, "F. Rh," 1184, 2409, and 2507. On decaying Equisetum, in moist places. Spring and summer. Cups 500 to 800// broad ; stem at times nearly absent, or very broad, equalling the breadth of the cup. The margin is often membranaceous, but entire, and paler than below. 322 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. The horny texture of this plant justifies its removal from the Pezizce. Duddington Loch, near Edinburgh (Dr. Greville). Park Loch, near Aberdeen ! (Professor J. W. H. Trail). GENUS IV. — OMBROPHILA. Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan./' p. 357. Sessile or stipitate, glabrous, gelatinous ; hymenium plane or convex, rarely concave ; generally dark-coloured ; epiphytal. (Plate X. fig. 62.) Spermogonia occur in some species. Name — 6/i]3/ooc, rain, 0£Ae>c, loving. ARRANGEMENT OP THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia elliptic .. .. .. .. species 1,2 B. Sporidia fusiform or subfusiform . . ,, 3-5 c. Sporidia cylindrical . . . . . . „ 6 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Exterior fibrillose-striate . . . rudis. Exterior veined, flesh-red Exterior even .... (Sporidia uniguttulate. . " \Sporidia multiguttulate and larger 1 2 sarcoides. purpurea, /Yellowish-brown ; paraphyses enlarged at the 2 ] summits ............ brunnca. ' j .ZEruginous-green ; paraphyses filiform, branched . . atro-virens. (Pallid or purplish ; paraphyses unbranched . . clavus. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC. 1. Ombrophila rudis. (Berk.) Fasciculate, turbinate-stipitate or stipitate, sub- gelatinous ; hymenium plane, here and there depressed, rugose, yellow-brown, somewhat vinous, externally finely fibrilloso-striate ; stem often elongated, lacunose or striate; asci clavate, base slender; sporidia 8, elliptic, 7- -10x3- 4ju; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza rudis — Berk, in "Proc. N. H. Soc. Berw./' p. 190; "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 574, t. 6, f. 13; Cooke, ' Handbk.," No. 2077. OMBEOPHILA. 323 On shallow gravel and peat. June. This plant is decidedly subgelatinous, and resembles some states of 0. sarcoides, but has different sporidia. It is described when fresh as yellowish-brown, with vinous tint ; stem often striate below, but externally very minutely fibroso-striate " (B. and Br.). Name — Hudis, rude. Berwick ! (in Herb. Berk. Kew). 2. Ombropkila brunnea. Phil. Crowded, sessile or substipitate, nearly hemispherical, then expanded, becoming flexuous, gelatinous, yellowish- brown, glabrous ; hymeniuni darker than margin ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, biguttulate, replete with granular protoplasm, 16 — 20x5 — S/u ; paraphyses tiliform, enlarged at the summits, adhering. Ombrophila brunnea — Phil, in " Grevillea," viii. p. 103; " Scott. Nat.," i. (new ser.) 87. On dead herbaceous stems in damp places. Cups about 1J to 5 lines broad. Name — Brunneus, deep brown. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). B. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM OR SUBFUSIFORM. 3. OmbrophUa sarcoides. (Jacq.) Ceespitose, sessile or substipitate, firm, subgelatinous, fleshy red, veined below; hymenium plane, concave or urceolate and repand ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, -oblong or oblong-fusiform, straight or unequal-sided, with a central gutta, 10 — 18 X 4 — 5^u; paraphyses fili- form, slender, abundant, adherent. Sperm ogonia form, polymorphous, soft, viscid, flesh - red; conidia subgiobose or subelliptic; spermatia rod- like, straight or curved. Lichen sarcoides — Jacq., "Misc. Austr.," ii. p. 378, t. 22. Peziza sarcoides — Peis., " Syn. Fung.," p. 633 ; A. and S., p. 305. Bulgaria sarcoides — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 168; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 210; Berk., " Outl." p. 375, t. 18, f. 6; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2218; "Fungi," p. 198; 324 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Gill., " Champ.," p. 147, c i. Helvetia sarcoides — Dicks., " Crypt.," i. p. 21 ; Bolt., t. 101, f. 2. Sarcodea sarcoides * urnalis — Karst., " Symb. Myeo," p. 232. Coryne sarcoides— Tul., " Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 190, t. 17, f. 1-8; Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 284 Ombrophila sarcoides — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 86. Spermogonia : Tremella (coryne) sarcoides — Fries, ' Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 217 ; " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 341 ; and " Epicr.," p. 589. Tremella sarcoides — With., p. 78. Coryne sarcoides— Bon., " Handb," p. 149, t. 11, f. 233. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn." 452 (partly); Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 482; Phil., « Elv. Brit.," 138; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 2767. On trunks and branches of trees. Name — £, flesh, nSoc, likeness ; flesh-like. Common ! 4. Ombrophila purpurea. (Fckl.) Receptacle as in preceding, but larger and more robust ; asci scarcely stipitate, cylindrical ; sporidia bi- seriate, lanceolate, sometimes curved, multiguttulate, hyaline, 20 X 6^ ; paraphyses filiform, not thickened at the tips. Coryne purpurea — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 284. Bulgaria purpurea (Fckl.) — Cooke in " Grevillea," ii. p. 164. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Rh," No. 1135 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 658. Sporidia ZO/u ('0007 in.) long, whereas in B. sarcoides they are only half that length. The cups exceed 1 inch in diameter (Cooke). The sporidia in the Attingham Park specimen are 24 x 7/i. This may be a distinct species. Epping (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Attingham Park, Shrews- bury ! 5. Ombrophila clavus. (A. and S.) Crowded or scattered, between fleshy and gelatinous, somewhat linn, pallid or purplish, nearly obconic or OMBROPHILA. 325 stipitate; hymenium plane or convex; stem thick or slender ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic, obtuse at the ends or pointed, unequal-sided, polari-guttulate, 10 — 15 X 4 — 5/u; paraphvses filiform. (Plate X. fig. 62.) Peziza davus—A. and S., p. 306, t. 11, f. 5; Fries, "Sys. Myco.,33 ii. p. 137; B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 575; Pat., p. 129, f. 290(?). Helotium dauus—Gil]., ' Champ./' p. 153. On leaves, twigs etc., lying in swampy places. Autumn. A most variable species both in size and shape, the stem at one time absent, at another elongated to twice the diameter of the disc ; sometimes very thick, at others slender. Name — Clavus, a stud or button. Trefriw, North Wales ! 6. Ombrophila atro-virens. (Pers.) Solitary or crowded, sessile or substipitate, at first globose, then turbinate or hemispherical, irnmarginate, subgelatinous, aeruginous-green ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical, obtuse at the ends, curved, 3 to 4-septate, often constricted at the septa, 14 — 18 X 3 — 4// ; paraphyses filiform, branched, adherent. Spermogonia solitary or ceespitose, often coalescing into a common truncate head ; bearing narrowly ovoide spermatia, on slender, branched sterigniata. Peziza atro-virens — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 635 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 141; "Eng. Flo.,'3 v. p. 205; Grev, " Flo. Edin.," p. 425 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2099. Coryne virescens — Tul., " Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 193, t. xviii. f. 12-15. Calloria atro-virens — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 359 ; Pat., p. 75, f. 174. Cklorosplenium atro-virens — De Not., " Disc.," p. 23. Conidial form : Dacrymyces virescens — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 229. Mollisia atro-virens — Gill., " Champ.," p. 126. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit.,'3 141 ; Rhem, " Asco./' 618. 326 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On decaying wood ; on decorticated branches in damp places, etc. Usually small, scattered, dark green, convex, of a decidedly gelatinous texture. Name — Ater, black, virens, green. Near Ludlow, Shropshire ! The Wrekin, Shropshire ! near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). GENUS V. — CALLORIA. Fries (amended). Gelatinous, at first spherical, immarginate, then be- coming plane or concave, sessile or substipitate ; for the most part bright-coloured, with no distinct excipulum ; sporidia 8, minute. (Plate X. fig. 63.) Spermogonia occur in fusarioides. Rarely exceeding J to f of a line broad ; soft when moist, slightly horny when dry. Growing on dead wood, herbaceous stems, and fungi. Name — KaAAoe (icaXoe), beauty ; beautifully coloured ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Exterior of cups pubescent (a) Sporidia fusiform (6) Sporidia cylindrical B. Exterior of cups glabrous (a) Sporidia subglobose (6) Sporidia elliptic , (c) Sporidia fusiform, (a) Simple . . (j8) Septate . . (c?) Sporidia filiform 0. Doubtful species 1,2 „ 3 ,5 * „ 5-8 „ 0-11 „ 12.13 „ 14-18 19 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hymenium some shade of red Hymenium some shade of yellow Hymenium white , (Taraphyses filiform . . ' \Paraphyses globose or subglobose at the apices (Exterior woolly, rosy-pink : growing on Sterium Exterior glabrous, bright red : on Com'um macnlatum (Exterior glabrous, reddish flesh-colour : on Rubus taj . \ CcGoC-M'O •• •• •• •• •• » • Exterior glabrous, flesh-red : on dead wood Exterior glabrous, orange-colour : seated on a Tape- sium . . 1 4 6 2 3 stereicola. coniicola. rubicolor. rubella. CALLORIA. 327 (Exterior glabrous, flesh-red ; sporidia subglobose. . coccinella. 5. o I Exterior glabrous, yellowish-scarlet ; sporidia glo- ' | boso-elliptic 'Exterior glabrous, pale vinous-red ; sporidia filiform (Exterior granular, gummy; paraphyses urn-shaped at the apices Exterior granulated ; paraphyses filiform Exterior at first pubescent, then glabrous ; para- physes filiform (Exterior glabrous Paraphyses globose at the apices ; sporidia filiform or fusoidio-filiform Paraphyses subclavate at the apices, sporidia ob- long-fusiform Paraphyses filiform ; sporidia acicular-filiform Paraphyses thickened at the apices; sporidia elliptic, large Paraphyses filiform : growing on Polyporus Exterior glabrous, white, becoming yellow ; para- physes globose at the apices Exterior subfarinose, pallid-white Imperfectly described . . . . . . . . xanthostigma. vinosa. hisia. cornea. chrysostigma. 5 luteo rubella. fimarioideg. inftatula. nicer at a. Leightoni. levcostigma. dentata. diapltana. A. EXTERIOR OF CUP PUBESCENT. (a) Sporidia fusiform. 1. Calloria lasia. (B. and Br.) Globose, erumpent, orange-colour, at length opening with a torn dentate mouth ; externally gummy ; asci subcylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 12 x 2^ ; paraphyses urn-shaped, and sometimes uniseptate at the apices, intermixed with short flocci. Peziza lasia — B. and Br. in " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1391, t. 8, f. 10; " Grevillea," ii. p. 162. Exs.— Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," nov. ed., 1515. On bark and wood of elm. March. Half to one line broad. The dried specimens are dull red, and minutely verrucose externally ; the disc of a somewhat brighter colour. The apices of the para- physes are very remarkable, reminding one of the young capsule of a Bryum. Name — Aao-toe, hairy. Langridge ! S28 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 2. Calloria chrysostigma. (Fries.) Gregarious, sessile, with a broad stem-like base, bright yellow, sometimes white, soft, submembranaceous, globose, then plano-concave, at first slightly pubescent, then glabrous ; asci clavate or cylindraceo-clavate ; spo- ridia 8, fusiform, straight, 12 X 2/* ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza chrysostigma — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 128. Helotium chrysostigma — Karst., " Myco. Fenn./' p. 148 ; Gill., " Champ," p. 155. On dead fronds of Pteris aquilina, Athyrium, etc. A very minute and variable species, now yellow, now white ; at first pubescent, then glabrous. Name — ^uo-oc, gold, arty/ua, a point. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). (6) Sporidia cylindrical. 3. Calloria stereicola. (Cooke,) Gregarious, minute, sessile or substipitate, globose, then cup-shaped, between fleshy and waxy ; externally woolly, of a delicate rosy-pink when dry ; hymenium the same colour ; asci subclavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical, obtuse, 7 X l'5ju; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza stereicola — Gooke in " Grevillea," i. p. 130. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 186. On the hymenium of Stereum. Cups 300 to 700/z broad. The delicate pubescence is seen best in recently collected specimens ; some of the cups are furnished with a decided stem ; when moist the flesh is soft. Name — Stereum, a genus of fungi, colo, to inhabit. Scotland (Herb. Edin.). Sutton Park, Birmingham (Mr. W. B. Grove). Colwyn, North Wales ! B. EXTERIOR OF CUPS NAKED. (a) Sporidia subglobose. 4. Calloria coccinella. (Sommf.) Scattered or gregarious, sessile, minute, subtremel- lose when moist, collapsing when dry, flesh-red; CALLORIA. 329 cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia subglobose, uniseriate, 2/u ; paraphyses filiform, very slender, subglobose apices, colourless. Peziza coccinella — Somrnf., " Lapp.," p. 276 ; Fries, 'Blench.," ii. p. 112; Karst., "Fez. et Ascob," p. 36. Orbilia coccinella — Fries, " Summa Yeg. Scan.," p. 357 ; Karst., "Syrnb. Myco.," p. 98. Mollisia coccinella — Gill., " Champ.," p. 129. Exs.— Rehm, " Asco./' Nos. 71 and 716. On dead wood. About 500/i broad. Name — Diminutive of coccineus, scarlet. Form condensata. Phil. Forming condensed fasciculate heaps. Fories, N.B., in Herb. Currey ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). (6) Sporidia elliptic. 5. Calloria xanthostigma. (Fries.) Scattered, plane, submembranaceous, translucent, gla- brous, yellow, inclining to scarlet; collapsing when dry ; asci cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, uni- seriate, globose-elliptic, 3 x l--l'5ju; paraphyses filiform, extremely slender, globose at the apices. Peziza xanthostigma — Fries, " Obs. Myco.," i. p. 166 ; "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 146; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 208; Karst, " Fez. et Ascob," p. 39 ; " Mon. Fez," p. 174 ; Nyl, " Fez. Fenn.,"p. 54; Berk, " Outl," p. 371 ; Cooke, " Handbk," Xo.. 2107. Orbilia leucostigma — var. |3. xanthostigma, Fries — Karst, " Myco. Fenn," p. 99. Mollisia xant/iu- tstigma— Gill, "Champ," p. 125. Exs.— Phil, " Elv. Brit," 130. On dead wood. Name — £av0oe, yellow, orn///a, a point. Shrewsbury ! 6. Calloria Leightoni (nov. sp.). Scattered, minute, sessile, hemispherical, then slightly concave; margin incurved; exterior glabrous, very pale 330 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. yellow ; hymenium same colour ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 8 x 3,u ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza hyalina — Herb. Leigh ton at Kew. On Polyporus. Cups J to 1 line broad. The colour varies from white to very pale yellow ; somewhat diaphanous. The sporidia are considerably larger than Peziza epipora, Nyl. Name — After the Rev. W. A. Leighton. Near Shrewsbury ! (Rev. W. A. Leighton). 7. Calloria ulcerata. Phil, and Plow. Scattered, erumpent, plane ; margin fimbriate; hyme- nium dirty orange ; asci clavate ; sporidia 4, elliptic, granular within, 15 x 8/z ; paraphyses filiform, simple or forked, enlarged at the summits, often contorted. Peziza ulcerata — Phil, in " Elv. Brit. ; ' Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," iv. p. 122, t. 62, f. 5. Peziza tripolii -B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1623. Exs.— Phil, "Elv. Brit.," No. 83; Winter, "Fungi Eur." 2206 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. No. 549. On dead stems of Aster tripolium. Allied to P. fusarioides, Berk. Name — From ulcero, to form scabs ; scabby. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 8. Calloria leucostigma. (Fries.) Gregarious or scattered, sessile, plane, submem- branaceous, white, becoming yellowish, translucent ; asci cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, globose- elliptic, uniseriate, 2 X 1'5/j ; paraphyses filiform, ex- tremely slender, globose at the apices. Peziza leucostigma — Fries, " Obs. Myco./' i. p. 165 ; " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 146 ; Karat, " Pez. et Ascob.," p. 39 ; "Mon. Pez.," p. 174; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 54; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 206 ; Berk., " Out!.," p. 371 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2108. Orbilia leucostigma — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 357 ; Karst, " Myco. Fenn.," p. 99. Mollisia leucostigma — Gill., " Champ.," 126. CALLOKIA. 331 On dead wood. About J to J- a line broad. Name — XEVKOZ, white, (rrij/uia, a point. Shrewsbury ! (c) Sporidia fusiform, (a) Simple. 9. Calloria rubicola. Cooke and Phil. Gregarious, sessile, applanate, reddish flesh -colour, glabrous ; margin prominent, rather obtuse ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 9 — 11 X 1/z ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. On Riibus ccesius. Cups J to f of a line broad. This is very similar to Peziza vinosa, but differs in the sporidia. Name — Rubus, the genus to which the bramble belongs, colo, to inhabit. King's Cliffe ! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 10. CaUoria fusarioides. (Berk.) Gregarious, rotund or oblong, nearly plane, orange- fulvous or orange-red ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, curved, guttulate or pseudo-uniseptate, 10 — 14x3 — 3'oyu; paraphyses filiform, slender, apices clavate. Spermogonia gregarious, gelatinous, difformed, dis- coid, or for the most part oblong or ovate, when dry applanate, often confluent, similar in size and colour to the ascigerous stage ; sterigmata slender, branched ; spermatia filiform, straight, about W/j. long, 1/m thick. Peziza fusarioides — Berk, in "Mag. Zool. Bot.," 1837, i. p. 46, t. 2, f. 4; "Out!.," p. 371; Nyl, "Fez. Fenn.," p. 57; Karst., " Mon. Fez.," .p. 176; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2114. Calloria fusarioides — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 282. Mollisia fusarioides — Gill., " Champ.," p. 120, c. i. Exs.— Desm, "Crypt. FT." ed. i. 1063, ed. ii. 463; Berk., " Brit. Fung.," 67 ; Fckl., " F. Rh.," 1131 ; Lib., ex. 29; Rabh, "Herb. Myco.," ed. ii. 676; Karst, "Fung. 332 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Fenn.," 646 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 343, ed. ii. 381 ; Phil., "Elv. Brit.," 82; Rhem, " Asco.," 72 and 118. Spermogonia form — Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. ii. 402 ; Rabh., " Herb. Myco.," ed. ii. 73 ; and " Fung. Eur.," 384. On dead stems of nettle. f to f of a line broad. Name — Fusa/rium, a genus of fungi, tlSoc, likeness. 11. Calloria dentata. (Pers.) Sessile, very minute, at first subgiobose, then hemi- spherical, soft, pallid-white, subfarinaceous ; margin dentate ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, biseriate, fusiform, 5 X 1 — 2/uL ; paraphyses not seen. Peziza dentata — Pers., " Icon, et Descr.," p. 5, t. 1, f. 6, 7; "Myco. Eur.," p. 315; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 147. Mollisia dentata — Gill., " Champ./' p. 124. On decorticated twigs. Cups 300 to 400,u broad. Name — Dens, a tooth ; toothed. Herb. Berkeley. ()3) Septate. 12. Calloria cornea. (B. and Br.) Minute, gregarious, sessile, at first globose, yellow horn-coloured, at length shortly obconic or turbinate and orange-brown ; asci clavate, pointed at the summit ; sporidia 8, fusiform, slightly curved, biguttulate, at length pseudo-uniseptate, 15 X 2/z ; paraphyses filiform, very slender. Peziza cornea — B. and Br. in " Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 578 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2113. On dead culms of Carex paniculata. March. Cups 300 to 500/i broad. " Sometimes slightly hollow, but more generally flat and granulated ; margin rather jagged. An extremely pretty though minute species >; (B. and Br.). Name — Corneus, horny ; from the colour. Batheaston ! (C. E. Broome, Esq.). CALLORIA. 333 13. Calloria Coniicola (nov. sp.). Cooke and Phil. Gregarious or crowded, hemispherical, then expanded, concave, nesh-red ; margin involute ; hymenium brighter red ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform, becoming uniseptate, 13 x 2/j ; paraphyses filiform, slender. On dead stems of Conium maculatum. Cups 300 to 500/j broad. Name — Conium, a genus of plants, colo, to inhabit. King's Cliffe ! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). (d) Sporidia filiform. 14. Calloria vinosa. (A. and S.) Minute, sessile, subtremellose, nearly plane, smooth, quite entire, pale vinous-red; asci clavate; sporidia 8, tiliform-acicular, straight or curved, 10 — 15 X \JJL ; para- physes filiform, slender, sometimes branched, with globose, pyriform, or thickened apices. (Plate X. fig. 63.) Peziza vinosa — A. and S., p. 308 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 141; Wallr., "Flo. Germ.," p. 469; ' Eng. Flo.," v. p. 205 ; Berk., " Outl.," p. 370 ; Karst., " Pez. et Ascob.," p. 37; "Mon. Pez.," p. 176; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2097. JMollisia vinosa — Gill., " Champ.," p. 125. Calloria vinosa — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 359; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 283. Orbilia vinosa — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 101. Exs.— Rav., iv. No. 19; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," nov. ed. No. 1412 ; Roumg., " Fang. Gal," 1252. On fallen branches, bark, and wood. Name- -Vinum, wine ; of the colour of red wine. Common ! 15. Calloria luteo-rubella. (Nyl.) Scattered, minute, disciform, glabrous, somewhat tremelloid, yellowish-red or yellowish -brown ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia fusiform or fusi-filiform, 7- -10 X 1 — 1'5/z ; paraphyses filiform, slender, apices nearly globose. Peziza luteo-rubella — Nyl., "Pez. Fenn.," p. 55, 334: BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Karat., " Mon. Fez.," p. 175 ; Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," x. p. 68. Orbilia luteo-rubella — Karst., " Symb," p. 248 ; " My co. Fenn," p. 101. On dead willow bark. Nylander and Karsten find it on poplar and elder, also on dead polyporus. July to September. Cups about J to f of a line broad. Approaches very near to G. leucostigma. Name — Luteus, yellow, rubellus, reddish. Shrewsbury ! 16. Calloria rubella. Pers. Gregarious, minute, sessile, between soft and waxy, becoming somewhat plane, smooth, flesh-red ; margin sublaciniate ; sporidia 8, minute, cylindrical, 6 x 2^. Peziza rubella — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 635; and "Myco. Eur," i. p. 304; A. and S, p. 308; Fries, " Obs. Myco," i. p. 163 ; " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 141 ; " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 353 ; Wallr, " Flo. Germ," p. 469 ; Rabh, " Krypt Flo.," i. p. 347 ; B. and Br, " Ann. Nat, Hist," No. 1484; "Grevillea," iii. p. 122. Mollisia rubella- Gill, " Champ," p. 124. Exs.— Karst, " Fung. Fenn," No. 834. On decayed wood with P. vinosa. "Cups 1 to 2 lines broad' (B. and Br.). "Semi- pellucid, convex, then plane and subflexuose; margin minutely velvety " (M. C. C. in MS.). Name — Rubella, reddish. New Pitsligo (Rev. J. Fergusson). 17. Calloria auricolor. (Blox.) Gregarious, soft, subgelatinous, orange, marginate, springing from a stratum of delicate, hyaline filaments ; sporidia 8, narrow. Peziza auricolor, Blox. — B. and Br, " Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1068; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2098. On the under side of a fallen tree. " Cups with a broad raised margin, springing from delicate, radiating, hyaline, interwoven hairs. The DERMATE.E. 335 evident affinity of this species to P. vinosa induces us to place it in Mollisia rather than in Tapesia" (M. J. Berk.). Name — Aurum, gold, color, colour; golden-yellow. Gopsal (Rev. A. Bloxam). 18. Calloria inflatula. (Karst.) Gregarious, nearly plane, thin, hyaline-white, when dry globose-inflated, angularly contracted, dirty-yellow or nearly brick-red ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, acicular-filiform, 4 — 7 X 5ju. Peziza inflatula — Karst., " Mon. Fez.," p. 175. Orbilia inflatula — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 100. On bark and wood. Cups J- to f of a line broad. Nearly allied to Peziza epipora, Nyl. Leigh Woods and Stapleton Park, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 19. Calloria diaphana. (Sow.) Scattered, urceolate, then plane, whitish, hyaline. Mollisia diaphana — Gill., " Champ./' p. 132. Peziza vulyaris, Fries, var. /3. diaphana — Sow., " Fung.," t. 389, f. 7. Mollisia vulyaris — Gill., " Champ.," p. 119. On fallen branches. Name — Siatyavfo, diaphanous; transparent. Order V.— DERMATE.E. Fries. Receptacles corky, coriaceous, or horny, mostly erumpent and csespitose, sessile or substipitate, urceolate, concave or plane ; epiphytal. (Plates X., XL figs. 64-69.) In some of the genera included here spermogonia and pycnidia have been observed. The plants in this order are characterized by their firm texture and dark colour, varying from rhubarb- brown to umber-brown and black ; they are nearly all erumpent, and the majority caespitose and united at the 336* BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. base, as if arising from a common stroma. In Tympanis they approach Patellaria ; in Heterosphceria they simu- late 8phoeria ; in Dermatea they have some likeness to Helotium ; but attention to the texture and fructification will prevent the possibility of error. Name — from the typical genus Dermatea. ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA. I. Enccelia, Fries. II. Dermatea. Fries. III. Cenangium. Fries. IV. Tympanis. Fries. V. Crumenula. De Not. VI. Ephelis. Fries. KEY TO THE GENERA. Receptacles seated on an effused horny crust . . Eplielis. Receptacles corky or granular; flesh generally brown . . . . . . . . . . . . Dermatea. Receptacles coriaceous; sporidia filiform .. .. Crumenula. Receptacles coriaceo vis; sporidia oblong .. .. Encoelia. Receptacles horny or coriaceous, the base more or less prolonged below (so that they are not globose, as in Heterosphxria) . . . . . . . . 1 (Receptacles black, very rarely mealy . . . . Tympanis. \Receptacles rarely quite black, generally mealy . . Cenangium. GENUS I. — ENCCELIA. Fries. Cups sessile, at first closed or nearly closed, at length open, concave, more or less coriaceous ; externally lur- furaceous or naked ; sporidia 8, oblong ; epiphytal. (Plate X. fig. 64.) Name — tv, within, and KOI\OG, hollow Only three British species. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Externally blackish . . . . . . . . . . 1 Externally pale tan .. .. .. .. .. furfuracea. , (Externally rugose .. .. .. .. .. fascicularis. ' \Externally verrucose . . . . . . . . . . Bloxami. 1. Encoelia fascicularis. (A. and S.) Csespitose, rarely solitary, sessile, leathery mem- branaceous, irregular, rugose, blackish ; externally rather mealy ; hymenium concave, dark bay-brown, becoming paler ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, ENCCELIA. 337 straight or curved, 14 X 4>/m ; paraphyses filiform, clavate at the apices. (Plate X. fig. 64) Peziza fascicularis — A. and S, "Consp," p. 315, t. 12, fig. 2 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 75 ; « Eng. Flo./' v. p. 191; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2009. Enccelia fasci- cularis— Karst., " Myco. Fenn," p. 217. Dermatea fascicularis — Fckl., " S}Tmb. Myco.," p. 278. Peziza crispa — Sow., t. 425 ; Purt., " Midi. Flo.," t. 7. Cenangium fasciculare — Gill., "Champ.," p. 196. Exs.— Fries, No. 291 ; Sommf., No. 97 ; Berk., exs. No. 154; Rabh, "Fung. Eur.," No. 721; Fckl, "F. Rh.," No. 1028 ; Karst, " Fung. Fenn.," No. 69 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," No. 478; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 17; Rehm, "Asco,' No. 301 ; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 2274. On dead branches of Fraxinus, Salix, Populus, etc. Cups about 4 lines broad. Csespitose, 6 to 12 united, but sometimes solitary, thin, subrnembranaceous, hemi- spherical, but compressed, and margin sinuate ; externally blackish, coated with a fugaceous meal. Name — Fasciculus, a small bundle ; fasciculate. King's Cliffe, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Near Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). Var. repagulis — Cooke in "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. No. 364. 2. Encodia furfuracea. (Fries.) Sessile, between fleshy and leathery ; externally pallid, mealy ; margin involute, entire ; hymenium cinnamon- blackish ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong, straight or curved, 2 to 4-guttulate, 10 — 12 X 3^u ; paraphyses stout, enlarged upwards. Peziza furfuracea — Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 76 : " Eng. Flo," v. p. 192 ; Roth., ii. t. 9, f. 3 ; Pers, " Syn. Fung," p. 672; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2010. Cenan- gium furfuracea — Gill, " Champ," p. 196. Dermatea furfuracea — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan," p. 362 ; Fckl, " Symb. Myco," p. 278. Encoelia furfuracea — Karst. ' Myco. Fenn.," p. 218. z 338 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," No. 326, 554; Fckl., " F. Eh.," No. 326 ; Rav, vi. No. 86 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 453 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit.," 18. On Corylus avellana and Alnus incanus. Varying greatly in size from 1J lines to J an inch broad. Csespitose or solitary, erumpent, variously deformed by pressure, coated with a pale rusty meal ; hymenium cinnamon. Name — Furfur, bran ; branny. Glapthorn, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). King's Lynn, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 3. Encoelia Bloxami (nov. sp.). Gregarious, often csespitose, shortly stipitate, cyathi- form, coriaceous, blackish brown, minutely verrucose ; hymenium lurid brown ; margin slightly undulating ; flesh dark purple-brown ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 3 — 4 X 2^ ; paraph yses filiform, adherent. Fusiform, uniseptate, stylospores on slender filaments are abundantly intermixed with the asci and paraphyses, the summits rising a little above the surface of the hymenium. Patellaria Bloxami — Berk, in Bloxam's herb, at Kew. On dead wood. Cups about 1 to 4 lines broad. When dry the plant is black; the purple- brown colour of the interior is onl} visible in a microscopic section. The stylospores appear to arise from the subhymenial tissue, and are by no means an accidental addition, for they are present in all the cups I examined. They are similar bodies to those in Peziza diplocarpa, Currey, and cannot be explained as spores that have germinated. On the surface of the very young cups a few short hairs occur. The cells of the pseudo-parenchyma are about 7 to 5/m across. Habitat not given. DERMATEA. 339 GENUS II. — DERMATEA. Fries. Excipuluni somewhat corky, at first entirely closed, then from urceolate becoming expanded, often erumpent, scattered or csespitose, with the stems united into a common stratum; sporidia large; epiphytal. (Plate X. fig. 65.) Pycnidia and Spermogonia are found in some species. Name — lip/ua, leather; from the texture. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia elliptic, 1 -septate . . . . species 1 B. Sporidia oblongo-elliptic (a) Sporidia simple . . . . . . „ 2, 3 (6) Sporidia becoming pseudo-septate ,, 4-9 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hymenium at first orange-red, then pale tan-colour : on pine-leaves . . . . . . . . . . nectrioides. Hymenium livid: on dead wood .. .. .. livida. Hymenium cinnamon-yellow : on dead wood . . cinnamomea. Hymenium orange-yellow : on beech . . . . Faiji. Hymenium dirty-yellow, becoming blown : on Portugal lamvl .. .. .. .. . Houghtonii. Hymenium reddish-brown : on Ulex Hymenium rhubarb-colour : on wild rose . Hymenium pale flesh-colour : on oak Hymenium reddish clay-colour : ou cherry Ulicis. rhabarbari/ta. dryina. Cera si. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, 1-SEPTATE. 1. Dermatea Ulicis. Cooke. Csespitose or scattered, substipitate ; cups at first turbinate, then open ; externally reddish-brown, fur- furaceous ; hymenium darker, concave ; asci cylindracec- clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, uniseptate, brown, 12 x 5/* ; paraphyses subclavate at the tips, and brownish. Dermatea Ulicis — Cooke in " Grevillea," iii. p. 186. On dead twigs of Ulex. Cups i to 1 line broad ; the colour of ground coffee. Name — Ulex, the genus to which gorse belongs ; found on gorse. Shere, Surrey (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 310 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. B. SPORIDIA OBLONG-ELLIPTIO. (a) Sporidia simple. 2. Dermatea nectrioides (nov. sp.). Gregarious or csespitose, erumpent, sessile, at first subglobose, then plane, orbicular, reddish-brown ; hyme- iiium at first bright orange-red, becoming pale tan-colour; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or oblong, rounded at the ends, with one or two large guttulse, straight or slightly bent, 20 — 25 x 7/z; para- physes filiform, slender, branched. On cones of Finns sylvestris. Cups 300 to 600/u broad. The cups issue singly or in groups of two or three, through an elongated slit in the epidermis, which is usually black on the margin. They are at first globose, bright orange-red, shining, hardly to be distinguished from a Nectria ; at a later stage the disc becomes plane or convex and pale tan-colour. It is a near ally of Dermatea conigena, Phil. Name — Nectria, a genus of fungi, H$og, resemblance. Barn Green, near Birmingham ! (Mr. W. B. Grove). 3. Dermatea dryina. Cooke. Cups sometimes single, sometimes three or four together, convex-plane, flesh-colour, J a line diameter or less, erumpent; margin very slightly elevated or not at all; substance fleshy or rather tough ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, attenuated a little towards each end, straight or a little curved, 30—35 X 10— 12/i (Cooke in litt.). Dermatea dryina — Cooke, " Grevillea," vii. p. 62. On oak bark. Cups ^ a line broad at most ; sporidia larger than in D. carpinea. Name — S/ove, oak ; found on oak. Near Hereford ! (Mr. M. C. Cooke). (b) Sporidia becoming pseudo-septate. 4. Dermatea livida. (B. and Br.) Minute, gregarious, often crowded, subhemispherical sessile olivaceous yellow; hymenium plane, margin DERMATEA. 341 whitish, externally minutely silky; asci subfusiform or clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or elliptic, with 3 to 4 distinct guttre, at length 1 to 3 pseudo-septate, 22 — 25 X 5//. Patella/ria livida — B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 775; Cooke's "Handbk.," No. 2167. Patellaria constipata — Blox., MSS. ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2176. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," No. 578. On fallen firs. December. Cups J to J a line broad ; greyish-white when dry. Name — Lividus, of a pale lead-colour. Gopsal Park, Leicestershire ! (Messrs. Berkeley and Broome). 5. Dennatea Cerasi. (Pers.) Solitary or subcaespitose, erumpent, at first tuber- culate, reddish clay-colour, then plane, blackish, with an elevated, subrepand margin, irregular; exterior rugose, sometimes sprinkled with a greenish meal ; hymenium brownish or blackish ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly oblong, straight or slightly bent, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 20 X 5/x ; paraphyses filiform, adherent, brown at the apices. Pycnidia intermixed with the above or separate, conical, coriaceous, furfuraceous, opening by a minute pore ; stylospores narrowly fusiform, elongated, curved or flexuous, 3 to 5 -septate, 40 x 2 — 3/z ; sterigmata fili- form, 20/z long. Spermogonia smaller than the pycnidia ; spermatia filiform, curved, 13 to 16/*; sterigmata filiform, branched, very short. Peziza Cerasi- -Pers., "Tent. Disp. Meth.," p. 35; "Syn. Fung.," p. 673; " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 329; "Icon. Pict," t. 20, f. 1 ; Grev, " Flo. Edin," p. 246. Cenangium Cerasi— Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 180; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 211; Berk, " Outl," p. 374; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2189 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 195. Dermatea Cerasi^- De Not, "Disc," p. 18; Tul, "Select. Fung. Carp," iii. p. 156, t. 19, f. 13-16. 342 BIUTISH DISCOMYCETES. Form Spermogonia, Sphceria dubia — Pers., " Icon. Pick," iv. p. 48, t. 20, f. 1. Exs.— Berk., No. 161 ; Moug, No. 494 ; Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 665, ed. ii. 571; Rabh., "Herb. Myco," ed. ii. 517; Rehm, "Asco." 421; Roumg, " Stirpes," 265; Ellis, " N. A. Fungi," 989 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 659. On branches of wild cherry. Name — Cerasus, the genus to which the cherry belongs ; inhabiting cherry. 6. Dermatea cinnamomea. (D. C.) Solitary or csespitose, sessile or substipitate ; hyme- nium plane or convex, cinnamon-yellow, a little pul- verulent beneath ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong, rounded at the ends, unequal-sided, 2 to 3-guttulate, at length 1 to 3 pseudo- septate, 20 — 30 X 8 — 10/*; paraphyses fili- form, slender. (Plate X. fig. 65.) Peziza cinnamomea — D. C., " Flo. Fr.," p. 23 ; Pers., "Myco. Eur," p. 268; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 77; Berk., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1923; "Grevillea," x. p. 51. On maple bark. December. Name — Cinnamomwin, cinnamon ; from the colour. Leigh Woods, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 7. D&rmatea Houghtonii. Phil. Solitary, more frequently csespitose, erumpent ; cups at first globose, then turbinate, base often combined into a common stroma, dirty yellow, becoming brown ; hyme- nium plane or convex, immarginate, pruinose ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, often un- equal-sided, greenish hyaline, 3-guttulate, becoming 2 to 3 pseudo-septate, 27 X 6 — 9/i ; paraphyses filiform, branched. Dermatea Houghtonii — Phil, in " Grevillea," vi. p. 24. Exs.— Phil, "Elv. Brit.," No. 144; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 660. On dead branches of Portugal laurel. -A utumn. DERMATEA. 343 The cups break through transverse slits in the bark, forming elongated groups, arising from a common stroma ; within they are cinnamon-yellow. Name — After the Rev. W. Houghton. LilleshaJl, Salop ! (Rev. W. Houghton). 8. Dermatea rhabarbarina. (Berk.) Minute, scattered, erumpent, plane or slightly convex, clothed with tawny meal ; flesh rhubarb-colour ; asci clavate, broad ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, with one or more large guttse, at length 1 to 2 pseudo-septate, 16 — 20 X 5 — 7/uL', paraphyses numerous, clavate, brown at the apices, adherent. Peziza rhabarbarina — Berk., "Eng. Flo./' v. p. 197. Patellaria rhabarbarina — Berk., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. *S9; and "Outl.," p. 373; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2164-. Pezicida rhaba/rba/rina--Tul., "Select. Fung. Carp," iii. p. 183; Fckl, "Symb. Myco," 278. Peziza ardencnsis—^lont., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1836, p. 287, t. 13, f. 5. HeLotiwm, rubi — Spree in Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," exs. 717. Pezicula Rosce — Sacc., " Myco. Ven. Sp.," 1513. Lachnella rhabarbarina — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 365. Exs.— Rav, No. 46 ; Berk., 271 ; Lib., No. 231 ; Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," No. 717, nov. ed. No. 223 ; Fckl., " F. Rh.," No. 2075 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," No. 91 ; Sacc, " Myco. Ven. Sp," No. 1513 ; Rehm, " Asco," No. 355 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2122; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 656. On dead branches of the wild rose. The whole branch is sprinkled with minute scattered dots, resembling the shield of a Lichen, fixed by a single point into the bark, so that where they have been rubbed off a little hole is seen in the bark with raised edges, O ' filled with the bright rhubarb-coloured flesh of the base of the cup, which can scarcely be called a stem. The disc is darker when dry, and quite flat, with a very narrow border; but when moistened it often becomes convex, and is then of an ochraceous hue, bordering on ferruginous (Berk, " Eng. Flo."). 344 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Rhabarbarum, another name for Rheum, the genus to which rhubarb belongs. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Hencott, neai Shrewsbury ! 9. Dermatea Fagi (nov. sp.). Erumpent, the orbicular or elliptic groups 1 to 8 lineb across, splitting the epidermis; cups plane or slightly convex, mostly immarginate, when moist orange-yellow, when dry ferruginous-yellow, pruinose, densely crowded on an evident stroma; stem when present stout, con- tinuous with the stroma ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, filled with coarsely grained protoplasm, sometimes becoming muriform, 18 — 23 x 9 — I2fj. ; paraphyses slenderly filiform, abundant. Stylospores oblong-elliptic or elliptic, 10 — 20 X 7 — 9/x; produced on the surface of the stroma in tufts between the cups on clavate sporophores. On Fagus sylvatica. The cups are £ to J a line broad. The conidia are produced in such a quantity as to form a pale stratum visible under a pocket lens. I am not aware that they have been observed in any other species. Name — From the tree on which it grows. Kingcausie, near Aberdeen ! 1880. GENUS III. — CENANGIUM. Fries. Receptacle closely shut, at length more or less open, marginate, with a thick epidermis of a different colour ; hymenium even, persistent ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, oblong, fusiform or filiform. Pycnidia immersed, conical, unilocular ; stylospores ovate or slenderly fusiform. (Plate X. fig. 66.) The receptacles are erumpent, sessile or subsessile ; their exterior coriaceous or membranaceous, the interior somewhat grumous. Pycnidia have not been observed in all. CENANGIUM. 345 Name — KCVOC, empty, ajyog, a vessel ; from the hollow receptacle. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia elliptic. (a) Sporidia septate (6) Sporidia simple B. Sporidia oblong c. Sporidia linear-fusiform or filiform D. Sporidia clavate KEY TO THE SPECIES. species 1 „ 2-4 „ 5 ,, 6,7 „ 8,9 i Externally glabrous Externally more or less powdery (Hymeuium black, margined, substipitate : on birch IHymenium nearly black, scarcely margined, sub- j stipitate jHymenium blackish-brown, margined, sessile |Hymeuiuin pale cinereous; margin fimbriate, con- \. nivent, turbinate Hymenium whitish cinereous ; margin lacerated . . Hymenium yellowish Hymenium brown Hymenium black „ (Externally rugose, powder reddish . . ' \Externally even, powder whitish A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC. •1 I 2 sen'atum. prunastri. subnitidum. Pibis. fuUginosum. 3 phxosporum. Rubi. ferruginosnm. pulveraceum. (a) Sporidia septate. 1. Cenangium prunastri. Fries. Csespitose, erumpent, substipitate or subcylindrical, united at the base into a common stroma, horny, smooth, blackish ; hymeniurn plane or slightly concave, nearly black, submarginate ; brown within; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 1 -septate, 10 — 13 x 3 — 4^ ; paraphyses filiform, adherent, brown at the summits. Pycnidia associated on the same stroma with the above, awl-shaped, blackish, smooth, pierced for half their length with a cylindrical cell, opening at the summit ; stylospores fusiform, acute, curved, uniseptate, 15 x 2/z. (Plate X. fig. 66). Cenangium prunastri- -Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 180 ; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 211; Berk., " Outl.," p. 374; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2190. Peziza prunastri— Grey., " Flo, 346 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Edin," p. 425. Dermatea prunastri — Fries, " Sum. Veg. Scan," p. 362 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco," p. 267. Exs.— Berk., 162; Fckl., " F. Rh.," 1126; Kehm, " Asco," 213. On branches of sloe. Name — Prunus, the genus to which the plum belongs. Port Hill, Shrewsbury ! (b) Sporidia simple. 2. Cenangium phceosporum. Cooke. Scattered, erumpent, clove-brown, shortly stipitate ; externally rather delicately furfuraceous, attenuated downwards into the darker stem ; margin a little in- curved ; hymenium nearly of the same colour ; asci elon- gated, clavate ; sporidia 8, uniseriate, smooth, clear brown, broadly elliptic, 12xS^u; paraphyses thick, clavate, brown above. Cenangium phceosporum — Cooke in " Grevillea," xii. p. 44. On sycamore bark. About J a line broad. Name — <£cuo£, dusky, tyTropoc, seed. Exeter ! (Mr. E. Parfitt). 3. Cenangium ferruginosum. Fries. Gregarious or csespitose, subsessile, at first nearly globose, then subturbinate, coriaceo-membranaceous, rugose, coated with a reddish-brown powder, at first closed, then opening at the summit by an irregular aperture ; hymenium yellowish or olive-brown ; margin when dry inflexed ; pale cinereous- white within ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or elliptic -fusi- form, obtuse, colourless, 12 x 5^u ; paraphyses filiform, simple. Pycnidia associated on the same stroma with the above, small, conical ; stylospores narrowly ovate, 9 -10 x 2— 3M. Cenangium ferruginosum- -Fries, in "Vet. Ak Handl," 1818, p. 361 ; " Sys. Myco.,"ii. p. 187 ; " ElencL," CENANGIUM. 347 ii. p. 23; " Summa Veg. Scan./' p. 364; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 212; Grev., t. 197; Berk., « Outl," p. 374; Karat. "Symb," p. 255; " Myco. Fenn.," p. 220; Tul., "Select! Fung. Carp.,"iii. p. 168; FckL, " Symb. Myco.," p. 269- Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2194; Gill, "Champ," p. 193. Peziza dbietis — Pers., " Syn. Fung," p. 671. Exs.— Fries, " Scler," No. 292 ; Kabh., " Herb. Myco," ed. ii. 508 (sub nom. Peziza pinicola) ; Karst, " Fung. Fenn," 662; Moug, 399; FckL, " F. Rh.," 1122; Cook?, "Fung. Brit.," 662, ed. ii. 195; Phil, "Elv. Brit," 44; Roumg., " Stirpes," 163. Name — Ferrugo, iron-rust ; from the colour. On branches of Pinus sylvestris. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Hencott Pool, Shrewsbury ! 4. Cenangium subnitidum — Cooke and Phil. Gregarious, erumpent, turbinate, becoming patellate, blackish-brown ; hymenium marginate, depressed, then plane or convex, externally naked, opaque or somewhat shining; asci clavate-cylindrical ; sporidia 8, narrowly elliptic, curved, biguttulate, pale amber-colour, 15 x 5/j. : pycnidia conical or subspherical, often solitary ; stylo- spores slenderly fusiform, curved, hyaline, 10 — 15 x I//. Cenangiwm, subnitidum — Cooke and Phil, in " Gre- villea," iii. p. 186 ; " Scott. Nat," i. (new ser.) 86. Exs.— Phil, " Elv. Brit," No. 94. On dead fallen branches of alder. Disc J to ^ a line broad. Name — $166, somewhat, nitidus, shining. Trefriw, North Wales ! Forces ! (Dr. Keith). B. SPORIDIA OBLOXG. 5. Cenangium pulveraceum. (A. and S.) Gregarious or crowded, stipitate, subglobose, then subhemispherical, blackish, clothed with a dense cinereous or whitish powder; hymenium concave, pallid-yellow; stem woody, blackish within; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong, 5 — 8 X 2/.t ; paraphyses filiform. 348 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Peziza pulveracea — A. and S, p. 342, t. 8, f. 2 ; Pers, " Myco. Eur," p. 327. Cenangium pulveraceum — Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 181. On dead stems of holly. Name — Pulvis, dust ; powdery. Trefriw, North Wales ! C. SPORIDIA LINEAR-FUSIFORM OR FILIFORM. 6. Cenangium fuliginosum. Fries. Gregarious or caespitose, crowded into broad patches, sessile or subsessile, erumpent, obovate, depressed at the summit and fibrillose-striate, coated with rusty powder, at length opening by a lacerated mouth, naked and fuliginous ; hymeriium whitish cinereous, coriaceous-mem- branaceous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, linear- fusiform, acute, straight or curved, 4 to 8-septate, 50— 70 X 2 — 3/z ; paraphyses filiform, sometimes branched. Pycnidia associated on the same stroma with the above, globose, smooth, blackish, at length opening by a pore at the summit ; stylospores linear-fusiform, straight or curved, 3-septate, 20 — 30 x 2'o/m. Cenangium fuliginosum — Fries, " Elench," ii. p. 23 ; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 212 ; Tul, " Select. Fung. Carp," iii. 166, t. 20, f. 1-4 ; Berk, "Outl," p. 374 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2193. Scleroderris fuliginosa — Karst, "Myco. Fenn," p. 216. Exs.— Moug, 889 ; Sommf, 191; Rabh, "Herb. Myco," ed. ii. 710 ; " Fung. Eur," 938 ; Karst, " Fung. Fenn," 336. Name — Fuligo, soot ; from the smoky colour. On branches of willow. Rockingham Forest (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 7. Cenangium seriatum. Fries. Gregarious or csespitose, erumpent through narrow transverse cracks in the bark ; cups globoso-depressed, at first closed, at length opening, horny, black, glabrous, arising, in company with the pycnidia and spermogonia, CENANGIUM. 349 in a linear series from a thin black stroma ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, linear-lanceolate, acute at the ends, straight or curved, pseudo-multiseptate, 55 — 85 x 2 — 3^u. Sperm ogonia in the form of minute depressed tubercles, discharging by an apical pore the filiform- lanceolate spermatia, which are curved, and about 15jii long. Pycnidia minute, slenderly conical, discharg- ing by a minute apical pore the linear-lanceolate stylospores, which are acute at the ends, curved, and about 30/z long. Oenangium seriatum — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 185 ; Duby, "Bot. Gall.," p. 736, No. 10. Peziza truncatula -Rebent., " Neom.," p. 383. Dermatea seriata — TuL, " Select Fung. Carp.," vol. iii. p. 160. Exs. — Mazerio, " Crypt. Gall.," ed. i. fasc. viii. (1829), No. 384 ; Lev. in Moug, " Stirp. Crypt.," fasc. xv. (I860), No. 1479. On Betida alba. The transverse cracks in the bark expose the linear series (J to 1 inch long) composed of the three forms, the ascigerous cups being rarest. Tulasne gives the sporidia as 35 — 45 x 3 — 4^t ; but in the Oxford specimen they are as given above. He says that long before the fruit can appear the linear series changes the natural colour of the white parchment-like bark to brown, and that underneath each (sorus) is a black linear ovate zone in the wood. Name — Series, an order, a row ; from the mode of growth. Oxford ! (Mr. Baxter). D. SPORIDIA CLAVATE. 8. Cenangium Ribis. Fries. Csespitose, at first spherical, then turbinate ; stems connate, arising from a stroina-like tubercle, blackish- brown, nearly naked, at first closed, then opening with a fimbriate, connivent margin ; hymenium pale cinereous ; asci cylindrical, narrowed to an elongated base ; sporidia 350 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 8, linear-clavate, obtuse at one end, acute at the other, at length 3 to 5-septate, 20 — 38 x 3'5 — 4'5/i ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Pycnidia separate or united, sessile, nearly globose, glabrous, becoming fulvous, when dry cinereous-black, rugose ; stylospores nearly elliptic or oblong-ovate, straight, with two large nuclei, colourless, 7- -11 X 3'5 — 4f/n ; sterigmata subulate, simple, about 2^ long. Peziza Ribesia — Pers., " Tent. Disp. Meth.," p. 35 ; and " Syn. Fung.," p. 672 ; A. and S., p. 344. Cenangium Ribis— Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 179 ; "Elench," ii. p. 21; "Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 364; TuL, "Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 163, t. 19, f. 1-9 ; Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 267; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 585 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2188. Tympanis Rib-is— Wallr., " Crypt. Flo.," ii. p. 431. Sderoderris ribesia — Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 215. Pycnidia : Sphceria Ribesia — Link., " Hand.," iii. p. 376. * Fuckelia Ribis — Bon., "Diss. Myco.," iv. p. 135. Exs. — Schm., exs. No. 75 ; Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 2013, ed. ii. 1613 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 929 ; Klotzsch, 345; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 727; Sommf., 189; Rehm, " Asco.," 422. On currant twigs. Name — Ribes, the genus to which the currant belongs. Thame (Dr. Ayres). 9. Cenangium Rubi. (Fries.) Innato-erumpent, scattered or csespitose, somewhat horny, smooth, nearly plane, black ; hymenium becoming paler ; margin erect or incurved ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindraceo-clavate, 7- -8 x 5/u ; paraphyses filiform. Trochila Rubi — De Not., "Disc.," p. 15. Excipula Rubi- -Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 190; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 296; Grev., t. 334; Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 400. Cenangium Rubi--T>evk., "OutL," p. 374; "Ann. Nat. Hist.,"' No. 1924; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2194. Mol- lisia atrata, var. Rubi — Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 202. Pyrenopeziza Rubi — Rehm, "Asco.," No. 416; Sacc., " Mich.," i. p. 423. TYMPAXIS. 351 Exs.— Fries, "ScL Suec.," No. 101; Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1964; Cooke, "Fung. Brit./' ii. 196; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 2021; Phil., "Elv.Brit.," 43; Roumg, "Fung. Gal.," 1266. On dead raspberry-stems. Common. A doubtful Cenangium. Name — Rubus, a genus of Rosacece ; from its habitat, Church Stretton, Salop ! GENUS IV. — TYMPAXIS. Toda. Csespitose or scattered, stipitate or sessile, black, at first closed, then open, concave or plane, naked or rarely mealy, firm, horny ; sporidia 8 or innumerable. Secondary fruit — pycnidia, spermogonia, or stylospores. (Plate XI. fig. 67.) On dead wood. Name — TV/HTTCIVOV, a drum. ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia oblong-elliptic . . . . . . species 1 B. Sporidia linear-fusiform . . . . . . „ 2 c. Sporidia very minute, innumerable . . „ 3-8 KEY TO THE SPECIES. In linear series : on Khamnus Frangula . . . . FrangulsB. Gregarious or solitary : on lAgustrum vulgare . . ligustri. Scattered or csespitose : on Pinns sylrestris . . amphibola. Scattered or csespitose : on Larix Europxus . . laracina. Csespitose in elongated groups : on Crattegus . . conspersa. Cseapitose in elongated groups : on Fraxinus . . Fraxini. Csespitose in rounded groups : on Sorbus aucuparia Aucuparix, Csespitose in rounded groups : on Alnus .. .. alnea. A. SPORIDIA OBLONG-ELLIPTIC. 1. Tympanis Frangulce. Fries. Gregarious or in linear contiguous series, turbinate- truncate, blackish, subcoriaceous ; hymenium plane, umber or olive-brown, when dry black; asci broadly eylindraceo-oblong, narrowed at the base ; sporidia 4, oblong-elliptic, becoming 3 to 4-septate, 19 — 22 X 8/x; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged at the apices. ' Pycnidia intermixed with the above, sphseriaform, 352 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. opening by a minute pore ; stylospores oblong- ovoid, straight or curved, 25 X 6'5/j." Tympanis Frangulw — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 174 ; " Blench.," ii. p. 18 ; " Summa Veg. Scan," p. 400 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2183. Dermatea Frangulce — TuL, ' Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 161 ; " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1853, t. 16, f. 1-8. Pezicula Franc/nice — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 279, t. 4, f. 46. Dermatella Frangulce — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 209. Exs. — Moug. and Nest., No. 887 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn," No. 47 ; Rabh, " Herb. Myco./' ed. ii. No. 661 ; Fckl, « F. Rh," No. 764. On Rhamnus frangula. Name — Frangula, the specific name Rhamnus frangula. Shere, Surrey ; Highgate, Middlesex (Dr. Cooke). B. SPORIDIA LIN EAR- FUSIFORM. 2. Tympanis amphibola. (Mass.) Rarely subcsespitose, generally scattered or solitary, at first closed and subspherical, then open and concave, at length plane, slightly marginate or convex and im- marginate, rugulose, black ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 3 to 5-septate, 14 — 20 X 3 — 4^ ; paraphyses filiform, slender, simple or branched, slightly thickened at the apices. Spermogonia scattered, convex or subconical, minute ; spermatia oblong, simple, 3 — 5 X 1 — 1'5/z. Phragmophora amphibola — Mass, " Framm," p. 13. Peziza amphibola — Nyl, " Fez. Fenn ," p. 66 ; Karst., "Mon. Fez," p. 168; Cooke, "Grevillea," i. p. 132. Tympanis amphibola — Karst., " Symb," p. 252 ; "Myco. Fenn," p. 230. Sderoderris amphibola — Gill, " Champ.," p. 198. J Exs.— Karst, "Fung. Fenn," p. 840; Winter, "Fungi Eur," 2960. On Pinus sylvestris. Name — a/^jSoAoe, put round. TYMPANIS. 353 Near Shrewsbury ! Found by Dr. Hall, locality un- known to me. C. SPORIDIA VERY MINUTE, INNUMERABLE, 3. Tympanis laracina. (Fckl.) Cups scattered or caespitose, erumpent, sessile, totally black, horny ; hymenium plane, margined ; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia very minute, innumerable. Pycnidia rotund, closed, at length perforated, black, rugulose ; stylospores long, filiform, slender, curved, flowing out in a yellow gelatinous mass. Cenangium Laracinum — FckL, " Sys. Myco.," p. 270 ; " Grevillea," 2, p. 187. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit.," 145. On bark of Larix Europceus. Name — Larix, the genus to which the larch belongs. * ^j ^j Shrewsbury ! 4. Tympanis ligustri. Tul. Gregarious or solitary, erumpent, at first obtuse, then expanded into a marginate hymenium, substipitate, black, glabrous, between gelatinous and horny, pale within ; asci broadly cylindrical ; sporidia (?) innumer- able, very minute, ovate or ovate-oblong; paraphyses filiform, slender, numerous. Stylospores (conidia ?) diplodia-form, borne on filiform sporophores, intermixed with the asci and paraphyses. Tympanis ligustri- -Tul., " Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 154 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2187. Tympanis saligna —Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 176 (in part) ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 584 ; Berk., «' Out!.," t. 1, f. 10 ; Gill., "Champ.," p. 197. Cenangium ligustri — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 268. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh.," No. 767; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," No. 229 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 461. On Ligustrum vulgare. Name — Ligustrum, the generic name of the host- plant. Lucknam, Wiltshire (Messrs. Berkeley and Broome). 2 A 354 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 5. Tympanis conspersa. Fries. Csespitose, in round or elongated erumpent groups ; cups substipitate, truncate-turbinatc, black ; hymenium plane or slightly concave, submarginate ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia (?) innumerable, extremely minute ; parapliyses filiform, slender, enlarged and brown at the apices, adherent. Spermogonia usually intermixed with the above, conical or obconical, black ; sperrnatia very minute. (Plate XI. fig. 67.) Tympanis conspersa — Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 175 ; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 211; Grev., t. 338; Berk., " Out!.," p. 374 ; Tul., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," xx. (1853) t. 16, f. 15, 16 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2186; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 226 ; Gill, "Champ.," p. 197. Exs.— Fries, " Scl. Suec.," Nos. 12 and 171 ; Berk., No. 160. On Pyrus, Crategus, etc. Name — Conspersus, sprinkled ; distributed on the wood. Bagley Wood, near Oxford ! (Mr. Baxter). 6. Tympanis Aucuparice. (Pers.) Csespitose, black, sprinkled with whitish meal, at first spherical, then elongated, somewhat cylindrical, arising from a common stroma, closed, at length open at the apex ; hymenium concave, blackish, marginate ; asci clavate ; sporidia innumerable, extremely minute ; para- physes filiform, slender, slightly enlarged at the summits, brown, adherent. Spermogonia resembling the early stage of the above ; spermatia extremely minute, borne on slender branched sterigmata. Sphc&ria Aucuparice — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 51 ; A. and S., p. 25. Cenangium Aucuparice — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 181; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 212; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2191. Peziza Aucuparice — Grev., " Flo. Edin.," p. 426. TYMPANIS. 355 s. — Moug. and Nest., No. 789. On dead branches of mountain ash. Name — Aucuparia, the specific name of P-yr-us aucuparia, on which it grows. Craiglockhart (Dr. Greville). 7. Tympanis Fraxini. (Schwz.) Caespitose, in elongated erumpent groups ; cups sub- sessile, turbinate-truncate, shining, black ; hymenium plane, rugose, marginate; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia(?) innumerable, extremely minute ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza Fraxini — Schwz., " Synop.," No. 1262. Tym- panis Fraxini — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 174 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 210 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2185. Cenan- gium Fraxini — Tul., "Ann. Sc. Nat./' 1853, p. 140. Exs.— Libert, No. 1029 ; Roumg., " Fung. Gal," 1272. On branches of ash. Winter and spring. Name — Fraxinus, the generic name of the host- plant. Appin (Capt. Carmichael). 8. Tympanis alnea. (Pers.) Csespitose, bursting through the bark in rounded groups, shortly stipitate, brownish -black, somewhat horny ; hymenium plane or slightly concave, sub- marginate ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia (?) in- numerable, extremely minute ; paraphyses filiform, spender, adherent, brown at the summits. Spermogonia intermixed with the above, subconical or oblong-ovate, opening by a minute pore. Spermatia extremely minute, born on slender branched sporo- phores. Peziza alnea — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 673 ; " Myco Eur.," p. 325. Tympanis alnea — Fries, " Sys. Myco. " ii. p. 174; "Elench," p. 18; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 210; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2184 (in part.) Cenangium alneum- Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 271 (?). 356 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Exs.— Sommf., No. 191. On alder. Name — Alnus, the genus to which alder belongs. Appin ! GENUS Y. — CRUMENULA. De Not., " Disc.," p. 9. Cups superficial, globose, dehiscing with a rounded, entire, or lacerated mouth, when dry closely pressed together; excipulum coriaceous, exceeding the thickish concave hymenium ; asci from the slender base nearly cylindrical, 8-spored ; paraphyses filiform ; sporidia acicular, continuous or septate, delicate hyaline-yellow. (Plate XL fig. 68.) Inhabiting branches of shrubs. Name — Crumena, a purse ; from its shape. KEY TO THE SPECIES. On vaccinium . . . . . . . . . . . . urceoliformis. On Calluna vulgaris: sporidia septate . . . . callunigena. On Calluna vulgaris : sporidia longer and not septate . . . . . . . . . . . . Ericx. On Arbutus Uva-Ursi . . . . . . . . . . Ledi. 1. Crumenula urceoliformis. Karst. Scattered, generally solitary, erumpent, sessile or subsessile, nearly globose, blackish, brown-furfuraceous, becoming concentrically sulcate and naked, at first closed, then opening with a connivent mouth; disc pale cinereous ; asci cylindrical, narrowed at the base ; sporidia 8, fili- form, 65 2/uL ; paraphyses filiform, forked at the apices. (Plate XL fig. 68.) Peziza urceoliformis — Karst., " Mon. Pez.," p. 172. Crumenula, urceoliformis — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 213 On dead stems of Vaccinium Vitis idea. Name — Urceolus, a little pitcher, forma, shape. Grantown, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 2. Crumenula callunigena. Karst. Cups solitary, nearly globose, sessile, brownish-black, naked, striate, mouth connivent ; asci cylindrical, with a CRUMENULA. 357 slender base ; sporidia 8, filiform, very often attenuated at both ends, straight, colourless, simple or slenderly 3-septate, 40 — 60 X 2'o/u, ; paraphyses crowded, apex slightly and unequally thickened. Peziza callunigena — Karst., "Mon. Fez.," p. 171. Crumenula callunigena — Karst., " Symb.," p. 251 ; "My co. Fenn.,"p. 212. On branches of Calluna vulgaris. Autumn. Cups '6 mm. broad. I have found this abundantly on decaying branches of Calluna vulgaris, and the cups are invariably seated on a blackish-brown tapesium, re- minding one of Tapesia Rosce (Pers.), to which it bears some resemblance. Name — Calluna, a genus of Ericaceae, gigno, to bear. Near Clunbury, Salop ! 3. Crumenula Ericce. (Fries.) Solitary, sessile, coriaceo-membranaceous, brownish- black ; externally rugose ; mouth compressed, connivent ; asci cylindrical, narrowed at the base ; sporidia 8, fili- form, 90 X l'5ju ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Pycnidia similar to the above ; stylospores cylin- draceo-fusiform, curved, at length uniseptate, 16 X 2/u. Cenangium Ericce — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 188. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit/' No. 194. Neither Rehm's " Asco.," No. 466, nor Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 1445. On dead branches of Calluna vulgaris. Name — Erica, a genus of heaths ; from its habitat. Hadnall, Salop ! 4. Crumenula Ledi. (A. and S.) Scattered, superficial, sessile, at first closed, and nearly spherical, then depressed at the top, at length henri- spherically collapsed, and opening with a broad mouth, rugulose, black ; asci subcylindrical (sporidia not seen) ; paraphyses numerous, filiform. Peziza Ledi — A. and S., p. 343, 1. 10, f. 7 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 114; Nees, f. 264; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat 358 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Hist.," 160 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," 2080. Crumenula Ledi -Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 214. On Arbutus Uva-Ursi. September. Sessile, globose-hemispherical ; externally rugose, brownish-black ; mouth especially shining, greenish, covered with a compact powder ; disc dingy. Glencoe, N.B. (Mr. Churchill Babington). GENUS VI. — EPHELIS. Fries, " Fung. Mexic.," and " Summa Veg. Scan./' p. 370. Perithecium (stroma) forming an effused crust; here and there tuberculate, tubercles dehiscing into cup-shaped excipula. (Plate XL fig. 69.) Name e^rjXig, spots brought out by the sun. 1. Ephelis Rhinanthi (nov. sp.). Cups at first tuberculate, crowded or gregarious, arising from an effused horny crust, at length expanding, patelliform, softish-waxy, black ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, or clavate, 3-guttulate, 10 x 5 p ; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged at the apices. (Plate XI. fig. 69.) Rhytisma radicalis — Cooke, " Grevillea," viii. p. 9 (the immature stage). On stems near the base, and roots, of Rhinanthu* Crista galli. Autumn. The mature cups are about a J of a line broad, sessile, attached by a broadish base, externally rough, internally pale grey. Dr. Cooke finds stylospores which are elongated fusiform, tapering at the extremities to a slender point, with two or more septa, 70 x 5/*. The general appearance is that of a black gouty swelling, the unexpanded cups somewhat like a Cucurbitaria. Name — Rhinanthus, the genus to which the yellow rattle belongs. Near Aberdeen (Mr. J. Taylor). Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Osmere, near Whitchurch, Salop ! PATELLARIA. 359 Order VI.— PATELLARIACE^. Fries (in part). Cups sessile, subcoriaceous or horny, glabrous, or- bicular, rarely closed at first, plane or slightly concave, black or dark-coloured (except P. pallida); asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, coloured or hyaline ; epiphytal. (Plate XL figs. 70-72.) ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA. I. Patellan'a. Fries. III. Laquearia. Fries. II. Heterosphseria. Grev. | KEY TO THE GENERA. Cups open from the first . . . . . . . . Patellan'a. Cups covered with a superior deciduous excipulum Laquearia. Cups at first closed, globose . . . . . . . . Heterosphaeria. GENUS I. — PATELLARIA. Fries. Excipulum between coriaceous and horny, naked, black, open from the first; disc punctiform, becoming gradually dilated, firm, acigerous, persistent. (Plate XI. fig. 70.) ARRANGEMENT OP THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia elliptic. (/<) Coloured (&) Hyaline, simple (c) Hyaline, septate B. Sporidia oblong or oblong-elliptic. (a) Hyaline, simple (6) Hyaline, septate C. Sporidia subelavate. (a) Hyaline, septate D. Sporidia fusiform or linear-fusiform. (a) Hyaline, simple (6) Hyaline, septate E. Sporidia filiform Doubtful species KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hymenium white Hymenium pallid Hymenium citrine Hymenium olivaceous Hymeuium subpruinose ; sporidia large Hymenium black Hymeuium fuliginous or blackish-brown species 1-3 „ 4 i, 5 » 6 » 7-13 „ 14-16 17, 18 „ 19-21 „ 22 23,24 atio-alba. pallida. citrina. olivacea. atrata. I 3 360 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 2. 3. Margin entire ; sporidia vermiform Margin pale ; sporidia clavate or fusiform, medium S1Z0 •• •• •• •• • • •• Margin flexuous ; sporidia minute, elliptic. ' Margin thin, compressed ; sporidia large, 3-septate Margin thin, compressed ; sporidia large, simple Margin serrated; sporidia smaller, simple.. Margin absent . . . . . . . . . . Sporidia brown Sporidia hyaline ; cups seated on a spot-like crust Sporidia hyaline ; cups emerging through the bark Margin tumid; sporidia brown Margin crenulate ; sporidia hyaline, fusiform, large Margin incurved ; sporidia hyaline, slender, small Margin entire ; sporidia hyaline, elliptic, minute Margin entire; sporidia hyaline, oblong-fusiform, very large Margin obtuse ; sporidia hyaline, clavate, large Margin vinous-purple ; sporidia hyaline, fusiiorm .Margin absent On dead stems of Hi/pericum : sporidia 3-septate On dead oak : sporidia 4 to 5-septate vermifera. macrospora. flexella. compressa. connivens. rubro-tinyens. 2 Bloxami. Lecideola. subtectum. lignyota.j maura. litoralis. minutissima. Loncierse. clavispora. atro-vinosa. 4 Hyper id. proximo,. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC. (a) Coloured, septate. 1. Patellaria lignyota. Fries. Scattered or subgregarious, sessile, when dry horny, when moist softer, applanate, concave, then plane, grow- ing black ; margin tumid, subcrenulate ; hymenium when moist fuliginous ; asci clavate, obtuse ; sporidia 8, oblong- ovoid, brown, 1-septate, 10 x 4/x; paraphyses filiform, adherent. Patellaria lignyota — Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 150; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 579 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2177. Arthonia melaspermella — Nyl. in " Flora," 1855 ; Leighton, " Lichen Flora," ed. iii. p. 416. Exs.— Rabh., " Myco. Eur.," 1152; Phil., " El v. Brit.," No. 146. On decorticated wood. Cups about J of a line broad. No visible thallus, and much resembling a Lecidea. Opinion will differ as to the alliance of this species, but for the present I prefer bo retain it as a fungus. PATELLARIA. 361 Name — Lignum, wood ; from the habitat. Bomere Pool, near Shrewsbury ! near London (Mr. F. Currey). Oakley Park, Cirencester; Braydon Pool, Gloucestershire (Mr. Joshua). 2. Patellaria Bloxami. Berk. Gregarious, sessile, applanate, plane or convex, black, flesh blackish -brown, when old immarginate ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, uniseptate, brown, 10 — 15 X 5 — Sfji", paraphyses numerous, filiform, adherent, slightly thickened and brown above. Patellaria Bloxami — Berk, in herb. Kew. On rotten wood. Cups about J to J a line broad. When young it has a very narrow margin. Name — After the Rev. Andrew Bloxam. Rev. A. Bloxam, without locality ! 3. Patellaria olivacea. (Batsch.) Sessile, applanate, between fleshy and waxy; ex- ternally rugulose, olivaceous ; hymenium becoming black ; margin prominent, tumid, entire, becoming nearly yellow ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic or slightly turbinate, polari-guttulate, bluish -green, 9 — 10 X 4 — 5^; paraphyses filiform, rather stout, septate, clavate at the summit. Peziza olivacea — Batsch, " EL," f. 51 ; Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 306; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 142; B. and *Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1077, t. 15, f. 22; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2174. Rhizina nigro-olivacea — Curr., "Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p. 494, t. 51, f. 10-12. On rotten willow. " It runs over the wood in an irregular manner, like the thallus of a Peltidea. In its young state it is truly Peziza-lik.Q, and very beautiful " (B. and Br.). Sporidia 7'6 to 10/z long. Name — Oliva, an olive ; of an olive-green colour. Batheaston ! (C. E. Broome, Esq.). 362 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. (b) Hyaline, simple. 4. Patellaria flexella. (Fries.) Immersed, compressed, minute, concave, subcoriaceous, variously flexuose, black ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 5 X 2'5,u ; paraphyses adherent, black at the summit. Peziza flexella — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 152 ; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 207; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2125. Exs. — Moug. and Nest., No. 1094; Roumg., " Stirpes/ 333. On dead wood, especially pine. Cups about 100 to 290/x broad. This is usually re- garded by lichenologists as a Xylographa ; but, until this and its allies are grouped on some more satisfactory basis, we retain it here. Name — Plexus, bowed ; slightly bent. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). (c) Hyaline, septate. 5. Patellaria minutissima (nov. sp.). Gregarious or scattered, very minute, sessile, when dry compressed, when moist expanded; externally blackish- brown ; margin entire, incurved ; hymenium fuliginous- brown; asci clavate or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, hyaline, 2 to 3-guttulate, at length 3-septate, 6 X 3/z ; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged at the bent apices. On decayed wood. Cups about 300/i broad; when dry somewhat im- mersed in the wood. Name — Minutus, minute ; very minute. Near Shrewsbury ! B. SPORIDIA OBLONG OR OBLONG-ELLIPTIC. (a) Hyaline, simple. 6. Patellaria pallida. Berk. Gregarious, sessile, pallid, with a somewhat obtuse margin ; sporidia biseriate, oblong, slightly curved ; 12/z long. PATELLARIA. S63 Patellaria pallida — Berk., "Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 1831; " Grevillea," vii. p. 8. On smooth bark ! (Rev. A. Bloxam). (6) Hyaline, septate. 7. Patellaria proxima. B. and Br. Orbicular, shield-like, depressed, somewhat immersed, black; hymenium same colour or brown-black; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, obtuse at the ends, slightly curved, 4 to 5-septate, 17 — 25 x 5 — 6/z; paraphyses free, filiform, slender, branched. Patellaria proxima — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat, Hist.," No. 9(55, t. 16, f. 18; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2170. P. parvula — Cooke, " Handbk.," 2178. Exs.— Cooke, "Fung. Brit./' No. G60; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," No. 147. On dead oak. " Closely resembling P. atrata, but differing materi- ally in the fruit " (B. and Br.). Name — Proximus, nearest, next ; from its approach- ing another species. Barking ! (Berkeley and Broome). Shrewsbury ! 8. Patellaria Hyperici. Phil. Gregarious, very minute, innate-sessile, applanate, immarginate, glabrous, blackish-brown ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, biseriate, oblong-elliptic, triseptate, 17.- -20 x 5 — 8/m] paraphyses filiform. Patellaria Hyperici — Phil, in " Grevillea," x. p. 69. On dead stems of Hyp&rwwm,. Cups 100 to 300/z broad, at first innate, then emerging. The sporidia of this species germinate freely within the ascus, thrusting the germ-tubes through the walls of the ascus ; the free sporidia often present a germ-tube twice their length while yet in the hymenium. Name — Hypericum, a genus of Hypericacea ; growing on Hypericum. Shrewsbury 1 364 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 9. Patellaria compressa. (A. and S.) Scattered or crowded, minute, innate, thin, blackish, when dry compressed, conchiform ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 2 to 3-septate, straight or curved, 8 — 11 X 3'5/x ; paraphyses filiform, branched. Peziza compressa — A. and S., p. 340 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 207 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2124. Durella compressa — Tul, " Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. t. 22, f. 8-14 ; Koumg, "Fung. Gal.," 539; Gill., "Champ.," p. 191. On dead wood. This approaches very near to Patellaria proxima, B. and Br., but the sporidia are not so large. Name — Compressus, pressed together; having the margin pressed together. Appin. 10. Patellaria lecideola. (Fries.) Sessile, minute, somewhat horny, concave, black, seated upon a cinereous spot-like crust ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, pseudo-3-septate, 9 — 16 X 4 — 5^; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza lecideola — Fries, "Obs. Myco.," i. p. 166, t. 4, f. 1 ; Karst., " Fez. et Ascob.," p. 41 ; " Mon. Fez.," p. 167 ; Nyl., " Fez. Fenn.," p. 64. Patellaria lecideola — Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 234; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2179; Gill., " Champ," p. 191. Exs.— Fries, "Scl. Suec," 157; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 641. On dead wood. Karsten says poplar and birch. Name — Lecidea, a genus of lichens ; like a small Lecidea. Shere, Surrey ! (Dr. Capron). 11. Patellaria Lonicerce (nov. sp.). Gregarious, minute, sessile, subhemispherical, then partly expanded, black ; hymenium concave, fuliginous ; margin incurved; asci broadly clavate; sporidia 8, elon- gate-oblong or oblong-fusiform, 6 to 7-guttulate, becoming PATELLARIA. 365 pseudo-6- septate, straight or curved, 25 — 45 x 4 — 7/i ; paraphyses filiform, slender. On dead wood of Lonicera. Cups 300/z broad. Name — Lonicera, the genus to. which the honey- suckle belongs ; on honeysuckle. Darnaway, N.B. ! 12. Patellaria connivens. (Fries.) Gregarious, minute, innate ; hymenium depressed, black or rufescent ; margin thin ; when dry compressed and difformed ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- fusiform, 6 to 8-guttulate, at length pseudo-septate, 14 — 26 X 4 — Q/LL ; paraphyses filiform, very slender, branched from the base, abundant. Peziza connivens — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 151 ; Nyl., "Fez. Fenn.," p. 65; Karst "Hon. Fez.," p. 167; Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," x. p. 69. Patellaria connivens — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," 234. Exs.— Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 641. On dead wood of willow. Karsten says alder, poplar, and birch also. Cups about 500 to 800/z broad. The wood is tinged from white to green on the spot where it grows. Name — Conniveo, to wink ; from the closing up of the margin. Shrewsbury ! 13. Patellaria subtectum (nov. sp.). Cooke. Singly or in clusters, appearing first as black conical points emerging through the layers of bark, in which condition no fructification is seen ; at length the conical points expand into lens-shaped or Lecidea-Vike discs, which are immarginate and black, about J of a line broad or less ; substance soft and fragile ; asci broadly clavate, narrowed into a slender stem ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 3 to 4-guttulate, at length 1 to 3-septate, 20 — 24 X 5 — 6^i ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Stylo- 3pores in the same hymenium, elongated, cylindrical, 5 to 366 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 8-guttulate, curved, on short sporopores seated amongs* the asci, 30 — 50 x 5/z. On inner bark of Cistus laurifolius. June. Name — Sub, under, tectum, roof; concealed by the bark. Royal Gardens, Kew ! (Dr. M. C. Cooke). C. SPORIDIA SUBCLAVATE. (a) Hyaline septate. 14. Patellaria atrata. (Hedw.) Subcoriaceous, patelliform, sessile, plane, black ; margin swollen ; hymenium subpruinose ; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia subclavate, 5 to 7-septate, 35 — 46 X 6/x ; paraphyses filiform, adherent, black, and thickened at the apices. Lichen atratus — Hedw., " Mus. Frond.," ii. p. 61, t. 21, f. A. Peziza patellaria — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 670 ; " Myco. Eur," p. 306 ; D. C., " Flo. Fr," ii. p. 76 ; A. and S., p. 341 ; Nees, " Sys.," f. 265. Peziza- atrata — WahL, "Ups," p. 466; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 160; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 208 ; Cooke, " Handbk./' p. 716. Lecanidion atrum — Rabh, " Handb.," p. 342 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 266 ; Pat., p. 31, f. 72. Exs.— Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," 33 ; Fckl, " F. Kb." 1118 ; Phil., "Elv. Brit.," 90; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 194; Roumg, "Fung. Gal," 828. On dead wood. Cups about J a line broad. Firm, orbicular ; margin prominent. Name — Ater, black. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Conway, North Wales ! (Rev. W. A. Leighton). Trefriw, North Wales ! Attingham, Shrewsbury ! 15. Patellaria clavispora. B. and Br. Scattered, sessile, when young nearly globose, when older expanding, plane, obtusely margined, rather irregular, pitch-brown ; white within ; asci cylindraceo- PATELLARIA. 367 clavate ; sporidia 8, clavate or clavate-fusiform ; 3 to 6-septate ; 30 X 5/z ; paraphyses filiform, the summits branched, moniliform, brown, somewhat adherent. (Plate XI. fig. 70.) Patellaria clavispora — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 774 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2166. On twigs of privet. Cups £ to J a line broad. Externally like P. atrata, but differing in the asci, sporidia, and paraphyses. Name — Clava, a club, tnrojooe, seed ; from the shape of the sporidia. Lucknam, Wiltshire ! 16. Patellaria macrospora. (Fckl.) Gregarious, minute, sessile, at first subhemispherical, then nearly plane, black, glabrous, margin cinereous; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, clavate or fusiform, straight or curved, guttulate, becoming 3-septate, 15 — 20 x 2 — 3/z; paraphyses filiform, branched, more or less adherent, summits subglobose, brown. Durella macrospora — Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," 281. Peziza nigro-punctata — Gerard. Exs.— Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 131. On oak-wood. Name — /uaKpog, large, cnropos, seed; large-spored. North Wales ! D. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM OR LINEAR-FUSIFORM. (a) Hyaline, simple. 17. Patellaria rubro-tingens. B. and Br. Contiguous, forming crust-like, elongated groups ; cups minute, hemispherical, concave, black, rugose ; margin tinged with dark reddish-brown, serrated, in- curved ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform, 3 to 4-guttulate, 8 — 14 x 2/x ; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Patellaria rubro-tingens — B. and Br. in Herb. Berk. 3G8 BRITISH DISCOMYOETES. On oak. Cup about 1 line broad, forming a continuous layer, but sometimes separate. Name — Ruber, red, tingo, to dye. Batheaston ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). 18. Patellaria litoralis. Phil, and Plow. Cups scattered or crowded, minute, black ; hymenium fuliginous-brown, concave ; margin incurved, serrated ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, linear-fusiform, 3 to 6-guttulate, straight or a little bent, 25 x 2/* ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza (Mollisia) litoralis — Phil, and Plow., " Gre- villea," iv. p. 121, t. 62, fig. 4; Steven., "Myco. Scot.," p. 324 On dead wood washed up from the loch. Cups about 500 to 800 lines broad ; externally granular. Name — Litus, the shore; found on the shore of the loch. Lynwilg, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Hyaline, septate. 19. Patellaria maura — Phil, and Plow. Cups sessile, scattered, at first globose, becoming patellate, fuliginous-black ; margin raised, crenulate ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly elongate-fusi- form or subcylindrical, straight or curved, 30 — 38 X 5 — 6^u; paraphyses filiform, summits hooked. Peziza (Mollisia) maura — Phil, and Plow., " Gre- villea," iv. p. 122, t. 62, f. 3. On dead wood. Autumn. Cups about \ a line broad. The margin is torn ; the asci have a narrow elongated base, and the paraphyses are hooked or even curled at the summit. Name — Maurus, a Moor ; dusky-coloured. Dinmore, Herefordshire ! PATELLAE! A. 369 20. Patellaria atro-vinosa. Blox. (not Berk, and Rav.). Gregarious or crowded, minute, round or of irregular outline, almost black, distinctly margined ; margin vinous-purple ; asci elongate-clavate ; sporidia 8, tinged with green, fusiform or linear-fusiform, pseudo-3-septate, straight or curved, 17 — 20 x 3 — 4 changing colour. Common ! C. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM. 5. Propolis chrysophcea. (Pers.) Scattered, erumpent, orbicular ; hymenium concave, reddish ; border rather thickened, golden yellow ; asci cylindraceo-clavate or cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusiform, simple, 9- -11 x 2/u ; paraphyses filiform, slender, some- times branched in the upper part, and slightly thickened at the apices. Peziza chrysophcea — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 674 ; " Icon. Pict.," p. 17, t. 8, f. 1, 2. Stictis chrysophcea- Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 335 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 9G6, t. 16, f. 19; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2226. On wych-elm. About J to | of a line broad. Name — \pva, the mouth; from the small mouth. Appin (Capt. Carmichael). B. SPOEIDIA CLAVATE. 4. Stictis pteridina. Phil, and Buck. Scattered, slightly immersed, circular or elongated, irregular, open ; hymenium pallid-brown, not deeply depressed ; margin membranaceous ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, biseriate, clavate or clavate-fusiform, 6 to 7 times pseudo-septate or muriform, 28 — 44 x 5 — 9/* ; paraphyses filiform, adherent. Stictis pteridina — Phil, and Buck, in Bucknall's " Fung. Bristol," pt. vi. p. 5, t. 1, f. 6. On stems of Pteris aquilina. Name — Pteris, the genus of ferns on one of which it grows. Near Bristol ! (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). C. SPOKIDIA FUSIFORM. 5. Stictis hysterioides. Desm. Immersed, closed, hysteriform, then erumpent, pro- minent, open, ovate-oblong or suborbicular ; border brown-black, subgranulate ; hymenium waxy, tawny or rufus ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, obtuse or fusiform, with 4 guttse, 16 x 3 — 4^ ; paraphyses filiform. Stictis hysterioides — Desm., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1843, p. 365; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 314; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2225. Propolis hysterioides — Fckl., " Syuib. Myco.," p. 255. Exs.— Berk., No. 308; Moug. and Nest., No. 1242; Roumg., " Stirpes," 337. On dead leaves of Carices. STICTIS. 385 Name — Hysterium, a genus of fungi, slSoe, likeness; like a Hysterium. Tharue (Dr. Ayres). Rudloe, Wiltshire (Mr. C. E. T> \ Jbroome). 6. Stictis seriata. Lib. Innate, punctiform, orbicular, plane or but slightly concave, disposed in approximate series, rubro-fuscous ; asci linear-fusiform or sutclavate ; sporidia minute, oblong or fusiform (?) ; paraphyses filiform, slender, ad- herent. Stictis seriata — Lib., " Crypt. Ard.," fasc. iii. No. 233 ; Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," iv. p. 233. Ncevia seriata -Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 249. Exs.— Lib., I c.; Fckl, "F. Rh.," 1841; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," No. 100; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 1710 and 1909. On Car ex ampullacea. Receptacles about 150 to 200ju, covering the leaves on the under side. This species is easily recognized, but after repeated searches I am not able to detect the sporidia. Fuckel says, " sporidia 6 to 8, globosa, minuta, hyalina includentibus." The asci are about 250 X 6//. I am not sure that it should remain amongst the Stictei; it is very near Phacidium. Name — Series, a row ; from growing in a row. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 7. Stictis Fagicola (nov. sp.). Gregarious or scattered, immersed, urceolate, yellow ; mouth connivent, nearly round or somewhat elliptic, surrounded by a spurious border of the same colour; asci cylindrical, slender ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight, simple, 8 x 2/z ; paraphyses filiform, globose at the apices. On beech — fallen, dead, decorticated branches. About J to J a line broad. Exactly resembling ex- ternally the next species, but having different asci, sporidia, and paraphyses. Name — Fagus, the beech, colo, to inhabit. Ellesmere, Salop ! 2 C 386 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 8. Stictis punctiformis. Pers. Gregarious, minute, immersed, urceolate, suborbicular ; hymenium reddish-brown or fuliginous ; mouth con- nivent, surrounded by a border of the same colour ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, simple; para- physes filiform, globose at the apices. Stictis punctiformis — Pers. in Gay's collection in Kew Herbarium, named by Persoon himself, with which the English specimen has been compared. On dead willow-wood. Cups 100 to 500/i broad. Very similar to 8. Fagicola, but the sporidia are simple, and the paraphyses are globose at the apices. Name — Punctum, a point, forma, shape. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). D. SPORIDIA DOUBTFUL. 9. Stictis graminum. Desm. Orbicular, scattered, small, deeply excavated ; disc black ; margin prominent, clad with a white meal, nearly entire ; asci elongated ; sporidia (very minute, globose). Stictis graminum — Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," exs. No. 1071; "Ann. Sc. Nat." (1840), xiii. 185; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," 1328; FckL " Sys. Myco," p. 250; " Grevillea," i. p. 132 ; Gill., " Champ.," *p. 179 ; Pat, p. 30, f. 69 (?). Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," 1071; FckL, " F. Rh.," 1106. On Gar ex paniculata. June. Desrnazieres describes the sporidia as " very minute, globose ; " Fuckel as " filiform, as long as the ascus." Not having seen the British plant, we cannot determine the form of sporidia (Cooke, I. c.). Rejected Species. Stictis parallela, Fries, is a Xylographa (vide Leighton's " Lichen Flora of Great Britain "). Stictis longa, Fries, is a Xylographa. PHACIDIUM. 387 Order VIII.— PHACIDIACEJE. Receptacle immersed, more or less coriaceous ; hyme- nium at first covered, at length exposed by the regular or irregular fissure of the outer covering (Plate XII. figs. 76-78.) Name — From the typical genus Phacidium. ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA. I. Phacidium. Fries. I III. Stegia. Fries. II. Trochila. Fries. KEY TO THE GENERA. Hymenium becoming exposed by the epidermis of the matrix splitting from the centre into lacmise Phacidium. Hymenium becoming exposed by splitting at the summit irregularly . . . . . . . . . . Trochila. Hymenium becoming exposed by the falling off of a horizontal operculuin . . . . . . . . Stegia. GENUS I. — PHACIDIUM. Fries. Perithecium orbicular, flattened, subclimidiate, de- hiscing from the centre into lacini?e, distinct from the placentiform disc. (Plate XII. fig. 76.) The perithecium is covered by the epidermis of the matrix ; the hymenium is mostly dark-coloured, lining the base of the perithecium. On leaves and bark. Name — <£a»co£, a lentil, c?§or, resemblance ; shaped like a lentil. ARRANGEMENT OP THE SPECIES. A. Sporidia elliptic or subelliptic. (a i Brown . . . . . . . speoies 1 (?>) Hyaline . . . . . . . . „ 2-6 B. Sporidia fusiform or subfusiform .. „ 7-10 c. Sporidia filiform or subfiliform . . . . „ 11-16 KEY TO THE SPECIES. On trees and shrubs . . . . . . . . 1 On herbaceous plants . . . . . . . . . . 4 On the stems . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 On the leaves . . 3 388 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Hymeninm brownish or cinereous : on Eubus Hymenium pale fuliginous : on Finns Hymenium straw-coloured : on Vaccinium Hymeninm dirty-yellow : on Quercus Hymenium pallid, livid, or yellowish : on Hymenium whitish : on Eubus Hymeiiium whitish : on Ilex . . 3. ^ Hymenium whitish: on Quercus Hymenium sooty- black: on Vaccinium Hymenium pale brown: on Arctostapliylos Hymenium cinereous : on Pinus ^Hyrnenium black : on Juniperus . (On the stems (On the leaves (Hymenium fuliginous : on Campanula \Hymenium red-brown : on Clinopodium Hymenium brownish or cinereous : on Caltha Quercu 6. \Hymenium dingy-brown : on various plants striatum. Pini. leptideum. dentaturn. coronatum. Eubi. 1 lids. minutissimum. Vaccinii. Arctostaphyli. abietinum. tetrasporum. 5 6 radians. simulatum. Calthse. repandum. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC OR SUBELLIPTIC. (a) Brovm. 1. Phacidium tetrasporum. Phil, and Keith. Epiphyllous, erumpent, circular or oblong, convex, cinereous, seated on a brownish-yellow spot, splitting irregularly into 3 or 4 lacinise ; hymenium black on the surface, brownish -yellow within ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 4, elliptic-ovate, with a septum near the lower end, often with a papilla, brown, 25 — 28 x 17/i ; paraphyses numerous, filiform, with brown, pear-shaped heads, septate. Phacidium tetrasporum — Phil, and Keith, in Gard. Ckron., 1880, Sept. 4, t. 56 ; "Scott. Nat.," vi. 164. On the upper side of juniper-leaves while yet green, simulating a Puccinea. About ^ a line broad. Name rtrpas, four, O-TTO/OOC, seed ; four-seeded. Torres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). (b) Hyaline. 2. Phacidium radians. Rob. Erumpent, black; receptacles minute, rounded or oblong, globose, then flattened, solitary and scattered, or PHACIDIUM. 389 confluent in radiating lines ; hymenium fuliginous ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or obovate, straight or slightly curved, 7-10 x 3/u ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Phacidium radians — Rob. in Desm., " Crypt. Fr." ; Desm., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1842, p. 116; Karat., " Symb.," p. 257; Cooke, "Grevillea," ii. p. 165; Kickx., "Flo. Flan.," i. p. 459; Gill., "Champ.," p. 168. Trochila radians — De Not., "Disc.," p. 16. Leptotrochila radians -Karat., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 245. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1350, and ed. ii. 750 ; Karat., " Fung. Fenn.," 845. On living leaves of Campanula patula. Name — Radius, a sunbeam; from growing in radiating lines. Near Worcester (Mr. Edwin Lees). 3. Phacidium minutissimum. Awd. Hypophyllous, gregarious, minute, innate, round or angular, brown, soon splitting from the centre into 3 to 4 lacinise, exposing the whitish hymenium ; asci minute, clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 7 X 4^ ; paraphyses filiform, scarce. Phacidium minutissimum — Awd. in Rabh., " Fung. Eur," 228; Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 263; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2267; Sacc., "Mich.," vol. ii. p. 537; Fresen., " Beitr.," t. viii. f. 17-19 ; Gill., " Champ./' p. 167, c. i. Exs.— Rabh., " Fung. Eur," 228 ; Fckl., " F. Rh," 1098. About 100 to 150,u broad. On oak-leaves. Name — Minutus, minute ; very minute. Shere ! (Dr. Capron). 4. Phacidium Vaccinii. Fries. Erumpent, minute, convex, shining, rugose, splitting into 4 lacinise ; hymenium sooty black ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 10 X 4/z ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Spermogonia : spermatia simple, cylindrical, straight obtuse, 10—13 x 2— 2'5/z. 390 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Phacidium Vaccinii — Fries, " Sys. Mvco," ii. p. 575 ; Berk., " Eng. Flo./' v. p. 292 ; Cooke, " Handbk," 2264 ; Fckl., " Syrnb. Myco.," p. 261 ; Gill, " Champ.," p. 170. Xyloma erumpens — Fries, " Obs," i. p. 202. Exs.— Fries, " Scl. Suec.," 289 ; Fckl., « F. Rh," 1029. On leaves of Vaccinium Vitis Idcea. Name — Vaccinimn, the generic name of the plant on which it grows. Near Berwick (Dr. Johnston). Stiperstones, Salop ! 5. Phacidium simulatum. B. and Br. Erumpent, linear, cup-shaped, margin irregular; hymenium linear, red-brown ; asci cylindraceo-clavate, sporidia 8, obovate, 2-guttulate, 10 x 4'5/j; paraphyses filiform, enlarged at the apices. Phacidium simulatum — B. and Br., in "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 967, t. 16, f. 20 ; Cooke, " Handbk.,"No. 2273. On dead stems of Clinopodium. Name — Simula, to counterfeit ; resembling another. Langridge, Somerset ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). 6. Phacidium Ilicis. Lib. Subinnate, convex, black, dehiscing into 3 to 5 lacinise, hymenium whitish ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly elliptic, 2-guttulate, 10 x 3'5/i ; paraphyses filiform, stout. Stylospores : stroma containing 3 to 5 cells, orbicular, plane, black, shining, penetrating the matrix, splitting into 3 to 5 laciniae; stylospores cylindrical, straight, 13 X 2ji. Phacidiwm, Rids — Lib., Exs. No. 64; Fresen., "Beitr.," t. 8, f. 17-21 ; Tul, "Select. Fung. Carp," iii. p. 138, t. 15, f. 1-8; Cooke, "Handbk," 2272 ; Gill, "Champ," p. 166. Phacidium multivalve — Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 576 ; Sphceria bifrons — Sow, t. 316. Stylosporous stage : Ceuthospora phacidioides — Grev, t. 253 ; Berk, " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 283. Cytispora foliicola — Lib, exs. No. 64 Exs. — Moug. and Nest, 560 ; Desm, No. 1626 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 450. PHACIDIUM. 391 On dead holly-leaves. Name — Ilex, holly ; growing on holly. Common ! U. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM OR SUBFUSIFORM. 7. Phacidiwm Calthce. Phil. Hypophyllous, congregated or confluent on blown spots, innate, then erumpent ; hymenium plane or convex, brownish or cinereous; asci broadly clavate; sporicUa 8, oblong -fusiform or subclavate, 2-guttulate, 15 — 20 x 5 O O * — 7fj. ; paraphyses filiform, occasionally forked at the apices. Phacidium Calthos — Phil, in "Grevillea," viii. p. 103. On decaying leaves of Caltha palustris. Autumn. About J to | of a line broad. The epidermis of the leaf forms an indistinct margin, or altogether disappears, leaving the disc exposed. Name — Caltha, the generic name of the plant on which it grows. Scotland ! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Ruyton-of-the-Eleven- Towns, Salop ! 8. Phacidium Arctostaphyli. Karst. Subgregarious, innate, then erumpent, splitting the epidermis into about five equal, acute, spreading lacinise ; hymenium convex, pale brown, when dry black ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform or oblong-fusiform, straight or curved, with two large guttae, 18 — 22 X 4 — 5/m ; paraphyses filiform, coherent, becoming brown at the apices. Phacidium Arctostaphyli- -Karst., " Symb.," p. 256. Propolis phacidioides — Fries, ' Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 372. Stictis phacidioides — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 198 ; Berk, " Ann. Nat. Hist," 162 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2231. Sphceria arbuti — Sow, t. 370, f. 6. Trochila phacidioides — Karst, " Myco. Fenn," p. 249. Exs.— Fries, " Scl. Suec," 297 ; Karst, " Fung. Fenn,'* 843. On leaves of Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursa. 392 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — From the plant on which it grows. Lubcroy, Sutherlandshire (Mr. C. Babington). 9. Phacidium abietinum. Schmidt. Erumpent, subrotund, convex, then depressed, black, splitting into 3 to 4 obtuse laciniae ; hymenium cinereous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, 10 — 14 X 4'5/i ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Phacidium abietinum — Schmidt in " Myco. Heft.," i. p. 35 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 576 ; Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," p. 262; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2268; Gill., " Champ.," p. 165. Exs.- -Roumg., " Fung. Gal," 659. On fallen leaves of Scotch pine. Orbicular, J a line broad. Name — Abies, the generic name of the tree on which it was first found. Scotland (A. Jerdon). Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). 10. Phacidium striatum. Phil, and Plow. Scattered, orbicular, rugose-striate, splitting into 5 to 6 lacinise ; hymenium fuliginous ; asci clavate, attenuated towards the summit ; sporidia 8, lanceolate, simple or 1 -septate, 25 — 30 X 2 — 4/i ; paraphyses filiform, curved at the apices, numerous. (Plate XII. fig. 76.) Phacidium striatum — Phil, and Plow, in " Grevillea," xiii. p. 75. On dead stems of Rubus. About J a line broad ; resembling externally P. rugosum, Fries, but with totally different sporidia. Name — Stria, a furrow ; marked with lines. Dinmore, Herefordshire ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). C. SPORIDIA FILIFORM OR SUBFILIFORM. 11. Phacidium Pini. (A. and S.) Scattered or crowded, erumpent, subrotund, hemi- spherical, depressed, at first closed, shining, black, at length splitting into obtuse lacinise ; hymenium pale fuliginous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, filiform, PHACIDIU5I. 393 acute at the ends, 5 to 9 pseudo-septate, SO X 4// ; para- physes filiform, simple, clavate at the apices, adherent. Spermogonia intermixed with the above, punctiform, black, acutely umbonate ; cavity simple, sinuose, narrow ; spermatia filiform, slightly bent, about 10 X lju. Xyloma Pini — A. and S., " Consp.," p. 60, t. 5, f. 8. Phacidium Pirn- -Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 573 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 292 ; Curr., " Linn. Trans.," xxiv. t. 25, f. 36 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2202 ; Tul, " Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 136 ; Fckl, " Symb. Myco," p. 263, t. iv. f. 31. Phacidium valvatum — Schmidt, " Myco. Heft.," i. p. 30, t. 2, f. 11. Coccomyces Pmi--Karst, "Myco. Fenn.," p. 254. Exs.— Fries, " Scl. Suec," 62 ; Fckl, 1095 ; Roumg, Fung. Gal," 1268. On bark of Pinus sylvestris. Name — Pinus, the generic name of the tree on which it grows. Common ! 12. Phacidium dentatum. Schmidt. T Orbicular or subquadrate, plane, depressed in the centre, shining, black, seated on pallid spots, at length splitting into 4 or 5 acute lacinise ; hymenium dirty- yellow, somewhat livid ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporiclia 8, filiform, 80 X 2'5/u ; paraphyses filiform. Phacidium dentatum — Schmidt, "Myco. Heft.," i. 147; Fries, "Sys. Myco," p. 577; Berk, "Eng. Flo," v. p. 292; Fckl, "Symb. Myco.," p. 261; Corda, "Icon," iii. f. 81 ; Tul, "Select. Fung. Carp," iii. p. 132; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2266 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 166, c. i. Exs. — Moug. and Nest, No. 561 ; Schmidt, No. 206 ; Fckl, " F. Rh," No. 1090 ; Ayres, No. 71 ; Berk, No. 93 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," 458, ed. ii. 449 ; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 68 ; Rav, " Fung. Am.," 318. On fallen oak-leaves. About £ of a line broad. Name — Dens, a tooth ; toothed. Common ! 394 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 13. Phacidium Rubi. Fries. Innate, roundish, hemispherical or plane, rugulose, black ; splitting into obtuse, unequal lacinise ; disc whitish ; paraphyses curved at the tips ; sporidia linear, rounded at the ends with 6 to 8 nuclei. Phacidium Rubi — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 578 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 586 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2274. Exs.— Fries, " Scl. Suec.," No. 56; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," No. 1028. On dead bramble-stems. Fries says " on leaves of Rubus Idceus." Gregarious, generally confluent, form and size variable, 1 to 2 lines broad, when fresh shining, when dry opaque. " The asci, paraphyses, and sporidia are just the same as in P. coronatum " (B. and Br., I. c.). Twy cross, Warwickshire (Rev. A. Bloxam). 14. Phacidium coronatum. Fries. Gregarious, often confluent, innate-emergent, orbicular, hemispherical-depressed, at first closed, when moist tumid, convex, smooth, shining, black, when dry collapsed, rugose, often umbonate, at length splitting into 5 to 10 acute, nearly equal lacinise ; hymenium pallid, livid, or yellowish ; asci cylindraceo-clavate, attenuated at the summit ; sporidia 8, fusoideo-filiform, straight or curved, pseudo-multiseptate, 45 — 70 X 2 — 3/* ; paraphyses numerous, filiform, simple, adherent, flexuous or circinate at the apices. Spermogonia intermixed with the above, punctiform, globose-depressed, unilocular, filled with spermatia, which are elongated, straight, colourless, about Qo/n long. Phacidium coronatum — Fries, " Obs.," i. p. 167 ; in " Vet. Ac. Handl.," 1819, p. 108 ; " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 577 ; "Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 370; Berk., " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 292; Ditm. in Sturm., "Flo.," pt. iii. (1817), p. 127, t. Ixiii. ; Grev., t. 52 ; Berk., " Mag. Zool. and Bot.," vol. i. No. 58, t. 15, f. 5; Corda, "Icon.," iii. p. 31, t. 5, f. 81 ; PHACIDIUM. 395 Curr., " Trans. Linn. Soc.," vol. xxiv. (1863), p. 155, t. xxv. f. 7; Tul, "Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 134; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2265 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 256 ; FckL, " Symb. Myco.," p. 261. Peziza viridis— Bolt., 109. Exs. — Fries, 163 ; Schm., 82 ; Moug. and Nest., 559 ; Desm., "Crypt. Gal.," fasc. 12, No. 570; Rabh., " Herb. Myco.," 716 ; Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," 652 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 457 ; FckL, "F. Rh.," 1096 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 340; Phil., "Elv. Brit.," 201; Winter, "Fungi Eur.," 2645. On fallen leaves of oak, poplar, willow, etc. About i to 1 line broad. Name — Corona, a crown ; crowned with a ring of laciniae. Common ! 15. Phacidium leptideum. Fries. Somewhat innate, depressed, plane, black, splitting into several acute laciniae ; hymenium straw-coloured ; sporidia 8, filiform, curved, hyaline, 86 x 3 — 4/z. Phacidium leptideum — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 576 ; and " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 370 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1830 ; " Grevillea," viii. p. 9. Phacidium quadratum — Schmidt., " Myco. Heft.," p. 32 ; Wallr., " Flo. Germ.," ii. p. 415. Coccomyces quadratus — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 255. Exs.— Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 848 ; Roumg., " Fung. Gal.," 543. On stems of Vaccinium myrtillus. Cups J to 1 line broad ; asci cylindraceo-clavate, attenuated at the apices, 50 x 16//; sporidia 60 — 90 x 2'5/u (Karst., I.e.} . Name — XETTTOC, fine, cTSoe, appearance ; a fine species. Scotland. 16. Phacidium repandum. Fries. Gregarious, innate, subrotund, pallid-green, at length black, splitting into unequal, obtuse laciniae ; hyme- nium dingy -brown ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, 396 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. acicular, straight or very slightly bent, 11 — 12 x paraphyses filiform. Phacidium repandum — Fries in "Yet. Ac. Handl.," 1819, p. 108; "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 578; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 293 ; Berk., " Outl," 379 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2269 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 169. Xyloma herbarum — A. and S., " Consp.," p. 65, t. 14, f. 6. Leptotrochila repandum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 246. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," ed. ii. 1640; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 283; Rehm, " Asco.," 321; Roumg., " Fung. Gal.," 835. On stems and leaves of various plants. Name — Repandus, bowed ; the lacinise bent back. Common 1 Rejected Species. Phacidium carbonaceum, Fries, is Discella car- bonacea (Fries) — B. and Br., vide " Ann. Nat. Hist./' No, 426, t. xii. f. 8. GENUS II. — TROCHILA. Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 367. Receptacle innate, at first closed, covered by the epidermis, membranaceous, subcoriaceous, erumpent, then splitting at the top irregularly. (Plate XII. fig. 77.) Name — rpoytXoQ, a hollow running round the base of a column ; raised in the centre, surrounded by a depression. 1. Trochila craterium. Fries. Hypophyllous, scattered, blackish, at length deeply collapsed ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia very shortly oval, almost round, sometimes with a large gutta, 7'5/x long. Pycnidia : Stylospores minute, subglobose. (Plate XII. fig. 77.) Trochila craterium — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 367; Berk, "Outl.," 381 ; Fckl., « Symb. Myco.," p. 277 ; TROCHILA. 397 Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2316 ; Tul., " Select, Fung. Carp," ii. p. 180. Sphceria craterium — " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 277. Cryptosphceria punctiformis, var. /3. Hederce — Grev., " Flo. Edin.," p. 362 ; Pers., " Syn. Fung./' p. 90. Pycnidia : Myxosporium paradoxum — De Not., "Micro. Ital." Dec. ii. f. 10. B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 439. Glceosporium Not arisii- -Mont., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1849, xii. 296 ; FckL, " Symb. Myco.," p. 277 ; Rehm, " Asco.," 719. Exs.— FckL, "F. Rh.," 1113 and 1649; Baxt., 29; Ayres, 65 ; Moug. and Nest., 986 ; Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," 527 and 1720; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 180, ed. ii. 294; Roumg., « Stirpes," 169. On dead ivy leaves. Name — Or at era, a cup or goblet ; from its supposed resemblance to a cup. Common ! 2. TrochUa Buxi. Capron. Hypophyllous, blackish, csespitose or scattered, split- ting into minute unequal lacinise ; sporidia oval, elon- gated, 10 — 12/z (E. Capron). TrochUa Buxi — Capron in Cooke's "Handbk.," No. 2315. On box-leaves. Sporidia larger than in T. crceterium. Name — Buxus, the generic name of the box-tree, on which it grows. . Shere (Dr. Capron). 3. TrochUa Lauro-cerasi. (Desm.) Hypophyllous, orbicular, punctiform, hollow when collapsed, at length black, splitting into three acute laciniae ; asci cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, rounded at the ends, 8 — 12 X 5/z. Phacidium Lauro-cerasi — Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," exs., 188; Berk., "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 293; Fries, " Elench.," ii. p. 136 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 166, c. i. TrochUa Lauro-cerasi -Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 367 ; Berk., " Outl., 398 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 381 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco," p. 277 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2314 ; TuL, " Select. Fung. Carp./' p. 181 ; Sacc., " Mich./' vi. p. 83. Exs. — Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," 188; Moug. and Nest., 985; Ayres, No. 72;' Berk., 45; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 179, ed. ii. 295 ; Fckl., "F. Rh," 1112 ; Roumg., "Fung. Gal.," 67 and 266; Sacc., "Mich.," vi. p. 83; Winter, " Fungi Eur.," 2739 ; Rehm, " Asco," 622. On fallen laurel-leaves. Disc yellowish when moist. Name — The specific name of laurel (Cerasus Lauro- cerasus) on which it grows. Common ! GENUS III. — STEGIA. Fries. Perithecia orbicular, splitting horizontally; operculum deciduous (Berk.). (Plate XII. fig. 78.) Name — arty it), to cover ; the hymenium being covered by the perithecium. Stegia ilicis. Fries. Innate, operculum nearly plane, falling off, surrounded by a ring-like, whitish margin; asci linear; sporidia oblong, 12 x V (Plate XII. fig. 78.) Stegia ilicis — Fries, "Elench.," ii. p. 112; Cooke " Handbk.," No. 2313 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 172. Eustegia ilicis— "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 280; Fckl., "Symb. Myco./ p. 264. Sphcer. concava — Sow., t. 317. Xyloma concava -Grev., " Flo. Edin.," p. 368. Exs. — Fries, " Scl. Suec.," No. 417 ; Moug. and Nest., No. 82; Baxt., No. 77; Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1589; Cooke, Fung. Brit.," No. 178, ed. ii. No. 293; Klotzsch, 431; Rabh, " Fung. Eur.," No. 463. On holly-leaves. Name — Rex, the generic name of the tree on which it grows. Common ! 4 ASCOMYCES. 399 Order IX.— GYMNOASCE.E. Sadebeck.* "Without a receptacle, or an indication of one only in the more highly developed genera ; asci either single or in little tufts, arising from widely creeping hyphae ; or more or less closely crowded together into hymenia ; or, lastly, arising from the terminal branches of copiously ramifying hyphse in pellets, which are covered with a lax mycelial veil. Name — -yi^uvoc, naked, a^troma, a more or less continuous layer, varying in consistence from fleshy to carbonaceous, arising from the mycelium, on which the receptacles are seated, as in the genera Ephelis and Dermatea. Stylogonidia, gonidia formed by abstriction on the ends of special filaments. 420 GLOSSARY OF TERMS. Stylospores, stalked spores, either produced within a special receptacle, as in pycnidia, or unenclosed, as amongst the Coniomycetes. Sub-, a prefix to another word, implying somewhat near the thing named ; as sw&globose, somewhat globose. Subhymenial, immediately beneath the hymenium. Subiculum, a mass of filaments, a layer of loosely compacted mycelium on or amongst which the receptacles are developed. Subterranean, growing beneath the surface of the ground. Subulate, awl-shaped, like a cobbler's awl. Succulent, juicy, when the cellular tissue is abundant and replete with juices. Silicate, furrowed, marked by depressed parallel lines. Sulphureous, the colour of sulphur, a pale tint of pure yellow. Superficial, seated on the surface. Superior, higher up, situated above another, on the top. Tan-coloured, the colour of wash-leather; synonym of Alutaceous. Tapesium, a carpet or layer of mycelium on which the receptacle is seated. Tawny, a yellowish dark colour, a deeper shade than tan-colour. Terete, cylindrical and tapering. Testaceous, brick-coloured, a reddish-brown, not so bright as lateritious. Thalamium, synonym for Hymenium. Thickened, when the thickness of a part is relatively greater than the adjoining part ; synonym for Incrassated. Tomentose, covered with pubescence consisting of hair closely matted, coated with down-like hairs. Tomentum, flocks of wool, loosely matted fibres. Translucent, transparent, admitting rays of light, clear. Tremellose, shaking like jelly, of a jelly-like consistence. Tri~, a prefix denoting three ; as tfmeptate, having three septa. Truncate, terminating as if abruptly cut off. Tuberculate, covered with pimples or tubercles, having tuberous swellings. Tuberous, in the form of a tuber. Tumid, swollen, inflated. Turbinate, top-shaped, having an outline similar to a boy's spinning- top. Umber, a dark brown, the colour of umber. Umbilicate, having a little navel, having a little depression in the centre. Uncinate, hooked or hook-shaped. Undulated, waved, with gentle elevations and depressions ; synonym for Repand. Uni-t a prefix denoting one or the same : as w?w'septate, having one septum ; uniform, of one form. y Unilocular, having but one cell. GLOSSARY OF TERMS. 421 Uniseriaie, in one series. Urceolate, shaped like a pitcher with a contracted mouth. Urn-shaped, shaped like a vase roundish in form and enlarged in the middle. Vasculiform, having the form of a little vessel, like a common flower-pot. Veil, a partial covering of the cup; a membranaceous, fibrous, or granulose coating stretching over the mouth of the cup, soon breaking up into fragments. Venoso-costate, having raised lines partly resembling veins and partly ribs. Ventricose, big-bellied, swollen out, puffed up. Verrucose, warted. Vesicular, like a bladder. Villose, Villous, covered with long, weak hairs. Vinous, the colour of red wine. Vitelline, the colour of the yelk of an egg. Waved, having an alternately concave and convex surface or margin. Waxy, the consistence of wax. AUTHORS QUOTED. Exsiccati, p. 436.) A. and S. Conspectus Fungoruni in Lusatise Superioris Agro Niskiensi crescentium. Par J. B. de Albertini et L. D. de Schweiniz. 8vo. Lipsise : 1805. 12 pi. col. Afzel. in Vet. Ac. Handl. De Vegetabilius Suecanis Observationis et Experiinenta. Adamus Afzelius. Upsalias: 1785. Ann. Nat. Hist. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. London : 1838-1885. Berkeley and Broome's contributions are quoted by the number attached to the species. Ann. Sc. Nat. An nales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique. 6 series. Paris : 1824-1885. Auers. in Hedwig. B. Auerswald's contributions to Hedwigia. Badliam. Esculent Funguses. Dr. Badham. 8vo. London : 1847. Bail. Das System der Pilza. By Theodor Bail. Bonn : 1856. Balb. in Memoir Acad. Imp. Tur. Gr. B. Balbis in Memoire della Imp. Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. Turin. , Act. Taur. Same as preceding. B. and Br. Rev. M. J. Berkeley and C. E. Broome. See Ann. Nat. Hist. AUTHOES QUOTED. 423 Barla. Les Champignons de la Province de Nice. J. B. Barla. Folio-ob. Nice: 1859. Butscli. Elenchus Fimgorum. Augustus Batsch. Halce : 1783-1786. , Cont. Continuation of above in vol. ii. Bait. Fungorum Agri Arminensis Historic. A. J. Antonio Battarra. 4to. Faventice : 1755. Berk, and Curt. Rev. M. J. Berkeley and Dr. Curtis, Notices of North American Fungi, in Gi evil lea. Berl. "Rev. M. J. Berkeley. , Crypt. Bot. Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany. 8vo. London : 1857. , Outl. Outlines of British Fungology. 8vo. London : 1860. , Proc. N. H. Soc. Berw. Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Berwick-on-T\veed. Berl. Ges. Naturf. Berliner Gresellschaft Naturforscheuder Freuude. Berlin : 1775- 1880. Bernh. Manip. An old author quoted by Fries in Systema Mycoloiiicum. Bert, in Mont. Syll. M. Bertero in Montagne's Sylloge. ]>iscli., Krypt. Kryptogamen-Kunde. Theophilus Bischoff. 4to. Niirnberg : 1860. Bivona Manip. Stirpium rariorum minusque cognitamm in Sicilia sponte pro- , venientium descripto. A. B. Bivuna. Manipulus iv. Panormi : 1813. BoU. A History of Funguses growing about Halifax. James Bolton. 4to. Huddersfield1: 1788-1791. Bon., Handb. Handbuch der Allgeminen Mykologie. H. F. Bonorden. 8vo. Stuttgart: 1885. Bot. Central. Botanisches Centralblatt. 8vo. Kassel : 1880. Bot. Zeit. Botanische Zeitung. Berlin and Leipzig : 1843-1886. 424 AUTHOKS QUOTED. Boud., Ascob. Memoire sur les Ascoboles. E. Boudier in Ann. Sc. Nat., 5th ser. vol. x., and published separately. Roy. Svo. Paris : 1869. , Soc. Bot. de Fr. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France. Svo. Paris : 1854-1886. Brefeld, Schim. Botanische Untersuchungen liber die Schimmelpilze. 0. Brefeld. 5 hei'te. 4to. Leipzig : 1872-1883. Bucknall. Fungi of the Bristol District, in Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society. Bristol : 1878-1886. Bull. Histoire des Champignons de la France. Pierre Bulliard. Folio. IGvols. Paris: 1791-1798. Bull. Acad. Belg. Bulletin de 1' Academic Eoyale de Belgique. Svo. Bruxelles. Bullet. Buff. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. Svo. Buffalo : 1873-1886. Bull. Soc. Belg. Bulletins de la Socie'te Eoyale de Botanique de Belgique. Svo. Bruxelles. Bull. Torr. Club. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. Svo. New York. Buxb., Petr. Joannes Buxhaum. Commentarii Academies Imperialis Scien- tiarum Petropolitanse. Carus, Nov. Act. N. 0. F. W. Carus in Nova Acta Naturse Curiosorum, xvii. pp. 370-375, t. 27 ; t. 10-31. 4to. Vratislavise, Bonnse, Jena?, and Dresdas : 1820-1864. Cheval., Flo. En. Par. Flora Generale des Environs de Paris. Francois Chevallier. 1 vol. Folio. Paris : 1826-1836. Cosmans, Not. Ascob. Belg. Notice sur les Ascobolus de Belgique. Eugene Ccemans. Svo. Bruxelles: 1862. , Com. Soc. Critt. Itdl. Commentario della Societa Critt ogamologica Italiana. Genova: 1860. CooJce, Handbk. Handbook of British Fungi. M. C. Cooke, M.A. 2 vols. Svo. London: 1871. AUTHORS QUOTED. 425 CooTce, Mycogr. Mycographia seu Icones Fungorum, Discomycetes. By the same author. 1 vol. Roy. 8vo. London : 1879. , Fungi : Their Nature, Influence, and Uses. 8vo. London : 1875. Corda, AnL Anleitung zum Studium der Mycologie. Svo. Prag : 1842. , Icon. Icones Fungorum Hucusque Cognitorum. August Corda. 6 fasc. Folio. Prague: 1838-1856. Crouan, Flo. Fin. Florule du Finisterre. P. L. et H. M. Crouan. 1 vol. Roy. Svo. Brest: 1867. Cum., Act. Tur. A. Cumino in Act. Ac. Taurini. 1806. D. , Mich. Michelia Commentarium Mycologicum. P. A. Saccardo. 2 vols. 8vo. Patavii: 1877-1882. , Myco. Ven. Sp. Mycologies Venetas Specimen. By P. A. Saccardo. 1 vol. 8vo. Patavii: 1873. Radebeck., Wint. Krypt. Flo. R. Sadebeck in Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen Flora von Deutsch- land Oesterreich und der Schweiz. Pilze. G. Winter. 8vo. Leipzig: 1884. AUTHORS QUOTED. 433 Sch. Flo. Bar. Baierische Flora. Franz de Paula von Schrank. Munich: 1718. Schceff., Icon. Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinata circa Ratisbonam Nas- cunter Icones. Jacobi Christian! Schasffer. 2 vols. 4to. Ratis- bonze: 1762. Schmid., Icon. Icones Plantarum et Analyses Partium a3ri incise atque vivis Coloribus insignitse. C. C. Schmidel. Noriinbergas : 1747-1762. Erlangse: 1793-1797. Schmidt, Myco. Heft. Kunze und Schmidt. Mycologische Heft. G. H. S. Kunze and J. K. Schmidt. Leipsig : 1817-1823. Schrad. in Pers. Comm. Schrader in Persoon's Commentatio de Fungis Clavseformibus. Schrad. , Bot. Jour. Henricus Adolphus Schrader's Contributions to the Neues Journal fur die Botanik. Erfurt : 1806-1810. Schum., Saell. Enumeratio Plantarum in partibus Sasllandise Septentrionalis et Orientalis Crescentium. C. F. Schumacher. Havnise : 1801-1803. Schw., Syn. Synopsis Fungorum Carolina? Superioris. L. de Schweiniz. 4to. Leipzig: 1822. Scott. Nat.. The Scottish Naturalist. 8vo. 1872-1886. Scop. Flora Carniolica. J. A. Scopoli. Vienna? : 1760-1772. Seer., Mycoyr. Mycographie Suisse ou Descriptions des Champignons qui croissent en Suisse. Louis Secretan. Geneve: 1833. Smith, Diseases. Diseases of the Field and Garden Crops. W. G. Smith. London : 1884. Sommf., Lapp. Supplementum Floras Lapponicse. Christianus Sommerfelt Christianiae : 1826. Sow., Fung. English Fungi. James Sowerby. 3 vols. Folio. London 1797-1809. Steven., Myco. Scot. Mycologia Scotica. Rev. John Stevenson. 1 vol. 8vo. Edinburgh : 1879. 2F 434 AUTHORS QUOTED. Sturm., Flo. Deutschlands Flora. Pilze. Jacob Sturm. 12mo. Niirnberg. 1817-1851. Sv. Bot. Svensk Botanik. 0. Swartz. Stockholm. 1803-1809. Swartz, Vet. Ac. Handl. Olof Swartz, in Swenska Vetenskaps-Akademien (Kongl) Hand- lingar. 8vo. Stockholm: 1739-1855. Timm., Megap. Floras Megapolitanae Prodromus. J. C. Timm. Lipsise : 1788. Tode, Fung. Meckl. Funo-i Mecklenburgenses Select!. Henricus Julius Tode. Liine- bergi: 1790-1791. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. 8vo. 1841-1886. Tratt., Austr. Fungi Austriaci Iconibus Illustrati. Leopoldus Trattinnick. 4to. Wein: 1805. - , Die Essbaren Schwamme. Leopoldus Trattinnick. Wien und Triest: 1809. Wein: 1830. TuL, Select. Fung. Carp. Selecta Fungorum Carpologia. L. R. et C. Tulasne. 3 vols. Folio. Paris: 1865. - , Hyp. Fungi Hypogsei. L. R. & C. Tulasne. Folio. Paris : 1862. ill.y Bot, Botanicon Parisiense. Sebastianus Vaillant. Lugduni Batavorum et Amstelodami : 1727. Vet. Ac. Handl. Handlinger Konigliche Svenska Vetenskaps Academieus. Stock- holm : 1819. Ventenant. M. Louis Ventenant in Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Paris: 1815-1832. VilL, DelpJi. Flora Delphinalis. By Dominique Villars. 8vo. Grenoble : 1785. Vitt., Mang. Descrizione dei Funghi Mangerecci piii Communi del 1'Italia. Carolus Vittadmi. Milano : 1835. Weberb. Die Pilze Nord-Deutschlands. Otto Weberbauer. 2 pts. Folio. Breslau: 1873-1875 AUTHOKS QUOTED. 435 Weinm., Hym. Hymeno et Gasteromycetes hucusque in Imperio Rossico Observati. J. A. Weinmann. Petropoli, 1836. WahL, Flo. Suec. Flora Suecica. Goeran "Wahlenberg. Upsaliae et Lipsije : 1824-1826; andUpsalise: 1831-1833. Flora Upsaliensis. Goeran "Wahlenberg. 8vo. Upsalias et Lipsias: 1820. Wallr., Crypt. Flo. Flora Cryptogamica Germanize. Fred. Guil. Wallrothio. 2 vols. 12mo. Norimbergse : 1831-1833. - . Flo. Germ. The same work. West. G. D. "Westendorp in Bulletin de 1'Acad. Hoy. de 1'Belgique. 1861. Wigy., Hoffm. Crypt. See Hoffm. Crypt. With. An arrangement of British Plants. "William "Withering, M.D. 3rd ed. 4 vols. 8vo. London : 1796. Wright, Ciib. Mr. Charles "Wright's specimens of Cuban Fungi described by Messrs. Berkeley and Curtis. Journal of the Lmnjean Society, vol. x. p. 280. EXSICCATI. Ayres, cxs. MycologiaBritannica; or, Specimens of British Fungi. By Philip B. Ayres, M.D. Fasc. 1, 2. 4to. Pamplin. London : 1845. B. and Br. Rev. M. J. Berkeley and C. E. Broome, in the Herbarium, Eoyal Gardens. Kew. Baxt., exs. Stirpes Cryptogamicfe Oxonienses, or Dried Specimens of Crypto- gamous Plants, by William Baxter, A.L.S. Oxford : 1825. Berk., Brit. Fung. British Fungi. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. 4 fasc. 4to. London. Blox. in Herb Kew. Rev. Andrew Blosam's specimens in the Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew. Coo7'e, Fung. Brit. Fungi Britannici Exsiccati. 1st ser., i.-vi. Svo. London : 1865-1871. 2nd ser., i.-vii. 4to. London : 1875-1870, Desm., Crypt. Fr. Flantes Cryptogamiques de France. J. B. Desmazieres. -tto. Lille: 1825-1860. Ellis, N. A. Fungi. North American Fungi. J. B. Ellis. Cent, i.-xi. Newfield and Philadelphia : 1878-1883. Erb. Crit. Ital. Erbario Crittogamlco Italiano, per cura di G. de Notaris, Fr. Baglietto et Fr. Ardissone. Series 1. 24 fasc. Folio. Geneva : 1858-1864. FckL, F. Eh. L. Fuckel's Fungi Rhenani Exsiccati. Cent. 1-15, and supp. 4to. Wiesbaden: 1865. EXSICCATI. 437 Fries, Scl. Suec. Scleromycetes Suecise Exsiccati. Elias Magnus Fries. Upsala. Gardiner, exs. 250 Specimens cf Mosses, Fungi, etc. By William Gardiner. Dundee: 1845-1848. Karst., Fung. Fenn. Fungi Fenniae Exsiccati. P. A. Karsten. 7 cent. Helsingfor.-. Klotzsch, H. M. Herbarium vivum Mycologische Hefte. J. F. Klotzsch. 20 vuls. 4to. Berlin : 1832, etc. Kunze, Exs. Also Kze. and tichm. } >eutschlands Schwamme in getrockneten Examplaren. By C. F. Hall, I. C. Schmidt, and Gr. Kunze. Leipzig : 1815-lSltf. , Fung. Sel. Fungi Selecti Exsiccati. Joanne Kunze. Islebias : 1876-1880. Lasch in Klotzsch, Herb. Myco. F. W. Lasch's contributions to Klolzsch's Herbarium vivuni Mycologische Hefte. Libert, Crypt. Ard. Plantes Cryptogames des Ardennes. Madame Libert : 1830-1837. Mazerio., Crypt. Gal. See Desm. Crypt. Fr. Moug. Exs., or Moug. and Nest. J. B. Mougeot, C. Nestler, et W. P. Schimper, Stirpibus Crypt o- gamis Vo2;eso-Rhenanis. 15 fasc. 4to. Bruyerii Vogesoruiu : 1810-1864. Phil, Eh. Brit. Elvellacei Britannici. 4 fasc. 4to. Shrewsbury : 1874-1881. Ralh., Fung. Eur. Kabenhorst's Fungorum Europzeorum Exsiccatorum. Cent, i.-xx. Dresden: 1861-1881. Balh., Herb. Myco. Herbarium vivum Mycologicum. J. F. Klolzsch. Continued by Dr. Kabenhorst. Dresden : 1855-1860. Hav.y Fung. Am. Fungi American! Exsiccati. H. W. Eavenel. Edited by M. C. Cooke. Fasc. i.-viii. London : 1877. — , Fung. Carol. Fungi Caroliniani Exsiccati. H. W. Eavenel. 4 fasc. 4to. Charleston : 1852, etc. 438 EXSICCATI. JRehm, Asco. Ascomyceten. Dr. Med. Kehm. Fasc. i.-xvii. Dresden : 1868-1885. Houmg., Fung. Gal. Fungi Select! Gallici Exsiccati. M. C. Kounieguere. Cent. i.-xxxix. 4to. Toulouse: 1879-1886. , Stirpes. Those specimens in the preceding work originally issued in Mougeot's work quoted above. Sacc.y Erb. Crit. Erbario Crittogamico Italiano. P. A. Saccardo. Ser. 1. 24 fasc. Genova: 1858-1864. iSer. 2. 14 fasc. 1868-1879. , Myco. Ven. Mycotheca Veneta. P. A. Saccardo. Cent, i.-xv. 4to. Patavii : 1874-1880. Schm and Kze. See Kunze, exs. Sommf. Plants Cryptogamicse Norvegiae. Christianus Sommerfelt. 4to. Lipsias: 1827." Syd., Mycoth. Mar. Mycotheca Marchica. Sydow and Zopf. 13 cent. Folio. Berol : 1880-1887. 27mm., Fung. Aits. Fungi Austriaci Exsiccati. F. de Thumen. 13 cent. 4to. Dresden and Bayreuth : 1871-1875. , Herb. Myco. Herbarium Mycologicum ^Economicum. F. de Thumen. 14 fasc : 1873-1879. , Mycoth. Univ. Mycotheca Universalis. F. de Thunien. 23 cent. 4to. Bay- reuth: 1875-1880. Wartm, and Sch. Herbarium Schweizericher Kryptogamen. Fasc. i.-xii. St. Gallen: 1862-1869. Welw. Crypt. Lusit. West and Wall. Herbier Cryptogamique Beige. Fasc. 21-28. 4to. 1855-1859. Winter, Fungi Eur. Fungi Europasi et extra Europaji Exsiccati. Klotzschii Herbarii vivi Mycologici continuatio. Editio nova. Cura Dr. G. Winter. Dresden: 1881. Zopf. and Syd. Mycoth. Mar. Zopf et Sydow Mycotheca Marchica. Berlin : 18SO-1884. DESCBIPTION OF PLATES. PLATE I. Fig. 1. — a, Morchella escuknta, nat. size ; b, a section of the same ; c, an ascus and paraphvses; d, sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 2. — a, Gyromitra esculenta, nat. size ; b, section of the same ; c, an ascus and a paraphysis ; c/, a sporidium. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 3. — a, Helvella, lacunosa, nat. size ; b, a section of the same ; c, an ascus with two paraphyses ; d, three sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 4. — a, Verpa rufipes, nat. size; b, a section of the suue ; c, an ascus and a paraphysis ; d, sporidia ; «, cellular filament from the epidermis, c, d, and e X 400 times. PLATE TI. Fiir. 5. — a, Leotia circinans, nat. size ; 5, section of the same ; c, an ascus with three paraphyses ; d, two sporidia. c and d x 400 times. . Fig. 6. — a, Mitrula paludosa, nat. size ; b, section of the upper part ; c, an ascus ; d, three sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 7. — a, Spatliularia flavida, nat. size; b, section of the same; c, an ascus with three paraphyses ; d, two filiform sporidia. c and d X 400 times. Fig. 8. — a, Leptoglossum viride, nat. size ; b, section of the same ; c, an ascus with two paraphyses ; d, sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 9. — a, Geoglossum hirsutum, nat. size ; b, an ascus with two hooked paraphyses ; c, a sporidium ; d, one of the black rigid hairs from the hymenium intermixed with the asci. b, c, andrf x 400 times. Fig. 10. — a, Rliizina undulata, nat. size; b, a section of the same, showing the root-like fibrillas ; c, an ascus; d, the fusiform sporidia. c and d x 400 times. 440 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. PLATE III. Fig. 11. — a, Peziza acetabulum, nat. size ; 5, a section of the same ; o, an ascus with a paraphysis; d, three sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 12. — a, Peziza cupularis, nat. size ; b, a section of the same ; ':, an ascus with a paraphysis; d, three sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 13. — a, a, Peziza pleurota, nat. size ; b, section of the same ; c, an ascus and a paraphysis ; d, four sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 14. — a, Peziza aurantia, nat. size ; b, section of the same ; c, an ascus with a paraphysis ; d, sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 15. — a, a, a, Peziza trachycarpa, nat. size ; ft, a section ; c, an .iscus and a paraphysis ; d, four sporidia, c and d x 400 times. PLATE IV. Fig. 16. — a, Peziza succosa, two cups, nat. size; b, a section of a cup ; c, an ascus with two paraphyses ; d, lour sporidia, the two lower more mature, c and d x 400 times. « Fig. 17.- - a, a, Peziza radula, nat. size ; b, a section of a cup ; c, an ascus with a paraphysis ; d, four sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 18. — a, a, a, Peziza lividula, nat. size ; b, a section of a cup ; c, an ascus with a paraphysis ; d, three sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 19. — a, Peziza Crouani, nat. size; b, a cup magnified 5 times ; c, a section of the same ; d, an ascus with a paraphysis ; e, four sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 20. — a, Peziza rutilans, two cups, nat. size ; &, a section of a cup; c, an ascus with a paraphysis; d, four sporidia. c and d x 400 rimes. Fig. 21. — a, Peziza corallina, a group the rat. size; b, b, two cups slightly magnified ; c, a section of a cup also slightly magnified ; d} an ascus with a paraphysis ; e, two sporidia. d and e x 400 times. PLATE V. Fig. 22. — a, Peziza omphalodes, a group the nat. size ; b, a group slightly magnified; c, a cup more highly magnified; d, a section of the latter, both showing the white mycelium from which they spring ; f one ; c, an ascus with a paraphysis ; d, five sporidia, c and d x 400 times. DESCEIPTION OF PLATES. 441 Fig. 25. — a, Hymenoscypha pseudo-tuberosa, a group the nat. size, arising from a decayed acorn ; &, a section of a cup slightlv magnified ; c, two asci with paraphyses ; d, six sporidia, shewing their variable size, c and d x 400 times. * Fig. 26. — a, Hymenoscypha coronata, a group "the nat. size ; 6, two cups magnified, one being a section ; c, an ascus with a paraphysis ; d, three sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 27. — a, Hymenoscypha Broomei, a group the nat. size ; b, three cups magnified ; c, a section of a cup ; d, two asci ; e, six sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 28. — a, Chlorosplenium seruglnosum, a group the nat. size ; &, two cups slightly magnified ; c, a section of a cup ; d, an ascus with paraphyses ; e, seven sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 29. — a, Belonidium culmicolum, a group the nat. size ; &, two cups magnified 10 times ; c, a section of a cup magnified 10 times ; d, an immature and a mature ascus with paraphyses ; e, four sporidia, one of which shows a gelatinous envelope not unfrequently seen to surround them, d and e x 400 times. Fig. 30. — a, Helotiumferruginosum, a group the nat. size ; &, three cups slightly magnified ; c, a section of a cup slightly magnified ; d, two asci with paraphyses ; e, six sporidia in various stages of develop- ment, d and e x 400 times. Fig. 31. — a, Helotium claro-flavum, a group the nat. size ; b, a group slightly magnified ; c, a section of a cup also magnified ; d, an ascus with paraphyses ; e, seven sporidia in various stages of development. d and e x 400 times, PLATE VI. Fig. 32. — a, Mollisia cinerea, a group the nat. size ; 6, a group seen from above, slightly magnified ; c, two cups viewed sideways, also mag- nified ; d, a section of a cup ; e, an ascus with paraphyses ; /, twelve sporidia, representing the variation in size and form in the same individual, e and/ x 400 times. Fig. 33. — a, Mollisia nervisequia, a group the nat. size on a fr.ig- ment of a leaf of Plantago ; b, two cups magnified 20 times, and in two stages of development; c, a section of the younger one; d, an ascus with paraphyses ; e, six sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 34. — a, Mollisia dilutella, a group the nat. size ; b, three cups magnified, showing the several stages of growth ; d, three asci ; e, eight sporidia, showing the degree of variability of size and shape, d and e x 400 times. Fig. 35. — a, Mollisia Bullii, a group the nat. size ; 5, a group mag- nified; c, a section of a cup also magnified; d, two asci; e, seven sporidia, showing variation of size, d and e x 400 times. Fig. 36. — a, Mollisia cerastiorum, a fragment of the host plant 442 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. bearing four cups, pat. size; b, c, three cups magnified, the lower one seen from above; d. a section of a cup also magnified; e, two asci; /, nine sporidia; e and/", x 400 times. Fig. 37. — «, Mollisia peristomiaUs, a group the nat. size ; b, three cups magnified 20 times ; c, a section of a cup, showing the scarcely depressed hymenium ; d, two of the teeth magnified ; e, three asci ; /, four sporidia. d, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 38. — a, a, Lachnea radiculata, nat. size ; 6, a section of a cup ; c, one of the nearly colourless hairs from the exterior of the cup ; d, an ascus with paraphyses; e, four sporidia in several stages of growth. c, d, and e x 400 times. Fig. 39. — a, Lachnea sepulta, one mature cup and three young ones, nat. size ; b, a section of a cup ; c, a group of hairs from the exterior of the cup ; d, an ascus with a paraphysis ; e, three sporidia, the lower one more advanced in growth, c, d, and e x 400 times. PLATE VII. Fig. 40. — a, Lachnea melastoma, nat. size, showing the black strigose filaments i'rorn which it springs; b, section of a cup ; c, a group of the strigose filaments from the base ; d, an ascus with a paraphysis ; e, four sporidia. c, d, and e x 400 times. Fig. 4L — a, Lachnea trechispora, three cups in different stages of growth, nat. size ; b, a section of a cup ; c, a group of hairs from the exterior of the cup (the bent one is so represented to save space) ; d, an ascus with a paraphysis ; e, two sporidia. c, d, and e x 400 times. Fig. 42. — a, Lachnea Cornubiensis, two cups the nat. size ; &, a section of a cup ; c, a group of hairs from the exterior of the cup ; d, an ascus containing eight sporidia, with a paraphysis. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 43. — a, Lachnella diplocarpa, a group the nat. size ; b, a cup magnified ; c, a section of the same ; d, one of the hairs from the exterior of the cup; e, asci paraphyses, and filaments surmounted by fusiform spores (?) ; /, six sporidia in various conditions of develop- ment ; g, one of the filaments, surmounted, by its fusiform spore, viewed separately, d, e,f, and g x 400 times. Fig. 44. — a, Lachnella cerina, a group the nat. size ; b, three cups in different stages of growth, magnified ; c, section of a cup ; d, hairs from near the margin of a cup ; e, an ascus with two acerose paraphyses ; /", seven sporidia. d, e, and/ x 400 times. PLATE VIII. Fig. 45. — a, Lachnella cupressi, nat. size ; &, two cups slightly magnified ; c, a section of a cup ; d, the villose haiis from the exterior of a cup ; e, ascus with paraphyses ; /, six sporidia. d, e, and/ x 400 times. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 443 Fig. 46. — a, Lachnella bicolor, a group the nat. size; b, three cups enlarged, in different stages of growth ; c, section of a cup ; d, three ha rs from the exterior of a cup ; e, an ascus with two acerose para- physes ; /, five sporidia. d, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 47. — a, Laclmella pteridis, a group the nat. size ; b, two cups enlarged, one young, the other more mature ; c, a section of a cup ; d, a group of hairs from the exterior of a cup ; e, an ascus with a para- physis ; /, seven sporidia. d, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 48. — a, Lachnella hyalina, a group the nnt. size ; b, two cups in different stages of growth, magnified ; c, a section of a cup ; d, two asci ; e, six sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 49. — a, Lachnella rufo-olivacea, the nat. size; b, a cup mag- nified 10 times ; c, a section of a cup ; d, loose brown cells from the exterior of a cup ; e, two asci, the one filled with coarse granular pro- toplasm, the other in which the sporidia are matured, with a clavate paraphysis ; /, four sporidia in different stages of development, the pseudo-septate ones being the most mature. Fig. 50. — a, Tapesia aurelia, a group the nat. size seated on a frag- ment of an oak-leaf; b, two cups enlarged, of different ages, showing the white tapesium from which they arise ; c, a section of a cup ; d, a portion of the tapesium ; e, asci and paraphyses ; /, seven sporidia in different stages of growth, d, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 51. — a, Desmazierella acicola, three cups nat. size ; b, section of a cup magnified, showing the hairy hymenium ; c, one of the rigid hairs of the exterior; d, an ascus; e, a bundle of paraphyses divided at the top in the form of bristle-like points, which rise above the surface of the hymenium ; /, four sporidia. d, e, and/ x 400 tunes. Fig. 52. — a, Pirottsea vectis, a group the nat. size ; b, two cups mag- nified ; c, a section of a mature cup ; d, a group of the rigid bristles from the margin of a cup ; e, asci and paraphyses ; / five sporidia in different stages of growth, showing their variable shape, d, e, and / x 400 times. PLATE IX. Fig. 53. — a, Boudiera areolata, a group the nat. size : b, b, two cups magnified ; c, a section ot a cup ; d, an ascus with paraphyses ; e, sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 54. — a,Ascobolus viridis, three cups the nat. size; b, a section of a cup ; c, an ascus with paraphyses ; d, three sporidia. Fig, 55. — a, Saccobolus violaceus, a group the nat. size ; b, a group slightly magnified ; c, a section of a cup ; d, asci aad paraphyses ; e, eight sporidia removed from the ascus and still enclosed in a cell, which was developed within the parent ascus ; /, three sporidia detached from the group, c?, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 56. — a, Thecotheus PeUetieri, a group the nat. size ; &, two cups magnified ; c, an ascus filled with sporidia ; d, the summit of an 444 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. ascus, showing the operculum open through which the sporidia have escaped; e and/, sporidia in different stages of growth, the one at / bein'j surrounded by a gelatinous envelope, c, d, e, and/ x 400 timeb. Fig. 57. — a, Ryparobius Cookei, a group the nat. size ; b, a group slightly magnified ; c, a section more hiphly magnified ; d, an ascus and paraphyses ; e, eight sporidia, showing variation in size and shape. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 58. — a, Ascophanus testaceus, a group the nat. size seated on a piece of old sacking ; b and c, cups magnified ; d, ail ascus with a paraph y sis ; e, six sporidia. d and e x 400 times. PLATE X. Fig. 59. — a, Bulgaria inquinans, a group the nat. size seated on a piece of wood ; b, a section of a cup ; c, two asci in different stages of growth with paraphyses ; d, sporidia removed from an ascus. c and d X 400 times. Fig. 60. — a, Vibrissea truncorum, a group the nat. size ; b, a section somewhat enlarged ; c, an ascus and paraphyses ; d, a filiform sporidium removed from an ascus. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 61. — a, Vibrissea Guernisaci, a group the nat. size ; &, one cup enlarged ; c, section of a cup ; d, ascus and paraphyses ; e, a filiform sporidium detached from an ascus. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 62. — a and 6, Ombrophila davus, in two forms, nat. size ; c, section of a larger specimen; d, ascus with paraphyses; e, six sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 63. — a, Calloria vinosa, a group the nat. size ; b. two cups magnified ; c, a section ; d, two asci with paraphyses having globose heads; e, seven sporidia, showing variation in their form and size. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 64. — a, Encoelia fascicularis, a group the nat. size ; b, a section of a cup; c, two asci, the one immature, the other mature; d, four sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 65. — a, Dermatea cinnamomea, several clusters the nat. size ; b, a cluster breaking through the epidermis of the bark, magnified ; c, a section of a cluster more highly magnified ; d, an ascus and para- physis ; e, six sporidia in different stages of development, those with septa being most mature, d and e X 400 times. Fig. 66. — a, Cenangium Prunastri, the nat. size, bursting through the epidermis of the matrix hi tranverse elongated clusters ; b, a cluster of ascigerous cups magnified ; c, showing another cluster, and at a little distance, on the same piece of wood, a cluster of awl-shaped pycnidia ; d, a section of a cluster, showing the pycnidia associated with the acigerous cups ; e, a fragment of the interior of a pycnidium, showing the filiform sterigmata, on the summits of which are produced the stylospores/; g, three asci, one of which is immature, surrounded with the adherent paraphyses; h, nine sporidia. e,/, g, and h x 400 times. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 445 PLATE XL FijT. 67. — a, Tympanis conspersa, four clusters which have burst through the bark, the natural size ; 6, a cluster with spermogonia inter- mixed, slightly magnified ; c, a section of a cluster ; d, a portion of the interior of a spermogonium, with the filiform sterigmata; e, the sper- matia produced on the sterigmata ; /, asci mature and immature, surrounded with the adherent paraphyses ; g, a number of sporidia, showing their variation in size and form, d and g x 400 times. Fig. 68. — a, Crumenula urceoliformis, several cups on Vaccinium twigs, the natural size ; b, a cup magnified ; c, a section of the same ; rf, an ascus with paraphyses ; e, two filiform sporidia ; /, stylospores on their sterigmata. d, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 69. — a, Ephelis Rhinanthi, nat. size ; &, mature cups mag- nified ; c, section of a cup ; d, an ascus with a paranhysis ; e, four sporidia ; /, spermatia with their sterigmata. d, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 70. — a, Patellaria clavispora, a group the nat. size ; &, two cups magnified; c, section of a cup; d, an ascus with several paraphyses; e, sporidia, showing stages of growth, d and e x 400 times. Fig. 71. — a, ffeterosphceria patella, nat. size; ft, a cup magnified; c, a section of a cup that has not yet split open at the top ; d, an ascus and paraphyses ; e, five sporidia ; /, stylospores. d, e, and / x 400 times. Fig. 72. — a, Laquearia sphceralis, a group the nat. size ; 5, a single receptacle seen from above, enlarged ; c, a section of a receptacle more highly magnified ; d, an ascus with paraphyses ; e, five sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 73. — a, Propolis versicolor, the nat. size ; &, a single receptacle magnified ; c, a section of the same ; d, an ascus with paraphyses ; e, seven sporidia removed from an ascus. d and e x 400 times. PLATE XII. Fig. 74. — a, Schmitzomia atro-alba, the nat. size ; 5, three receptacles magnified ; c, section of a receptacle, showing how it is immersed in the matrix; d, an ascus and paraphyses; e, a filiform sporidium. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 75. — a, Stictis pallida, nat. size ; &, three receptacles magnified ; c, a section of a receptacle ; d, an ascus with paraphyses ; e, six sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 76. — a, Phacidium striatum, the nat. size ; 5, two receptacles magnified, the one just splitting, the other having fully opened ; c, a section ; d, two mature asci with paraphyses ; e, six sporidia in different stages of development, d and e x 400 times. fig. 77. — a, Trocliila craterium, on a fragment of a leaf, the nat. 446 DESCRIPTION OF FLATES, size ; &, four receptacles magnified; c, sections of the same; ff. .... 30 cochleata, WiefF. .... 69 lubrica, Scop 23 mitra, "Flo. Dan." . 12 mitra, Schsff. ... 8 •nigricans, Schseff. . 12 ochroleuca, SchfefF. ... 60 ENCCELIA, Fries . . .336 Bloxami, Pbil 338 fascicularis (A and S.) . 336 furfuracea (Fries) . . . 337 EPHELIS, Fries . . . .258 Rhinantlii, Phil 358 EUSTEGIA, Fries ..... 398 arundinacea, Fries . . . 177 ilicis, Fries 398 EXCIPULA, Fries . . . . 350 Icevigata, Fries ... 188 Ranunculi, Rabh. . . , 200 Rubi, Fries .... 350 EXOASCDS, Fckl. Alni, De Bary . . . .403 form strobilina, Thum. . 403 alnitorqua. form Alni-incance, Kiihn . . 403 bul'atus, Fckl. ... 402 deformans, Fckl. . . . 4ol var. Potentillce, Farlow . . 402 2G 450 INDEX. PAGE ExoAscrs — continued. Pruni, Fckl 400 Tosquinetii, Sacc. ... 403 turgidus, Sadeb 404 Wiesneri, RatLey . . . 401 FAVR^EA, Sacc. congener (Oes.), Sacc. . . . 199 FIBRINA, Fries 274 FUCKELIA, Bon. Ribis, Bon 350 FUNGOIDES, Mich 14 acetabuliforme, Vaill. ... 44 fuscum, Buxb. ... 60, 205 pullum, Mich 17 FUNGUS. cavernosus, Weinm. . minimus, Ray. GALACTINIA, Cooke . GEOGLOSSTJM, Pers. . cucullatum, Fries . . difforme, Fries glabrum, Pers. glutinosum, Pers. hirsutum, Pers. . microscopicuin, Cooke and Peck olivaceum, Pers. . . purpurcum, Berk. tre niellos urn, Cooke . viride, Pers. viscosum, Pers. GEOSCYPHA, Cooke GLEOSPORIUM, Mont. Notarissii, Mont. . GYMNOASCE./E, Sadeb. . GYMNOSPORIUM, Corda. leucosporum, Mont. GYBOMITBA, Fries . esculenta, Fries . gigas (Kromb.), Cooke . HELOTITJM, Fries . aciculare, Pers. . acuum (A. and S.), Karst. . advenulum, Phil. ceruginosum, Fries agaricinum, Berk. alboluteum, Karst. albo-punctum, Bucknall alniellum (Nyl.) . amenti, Karet. . . . aquaticum, Curr. . arenevaga (Desm.), Gill. Aspegrenii, Fries . aureum, Pers. badium, Phil, buccina, Fries calyculus, Berk. . caulicola, Karst. . cerinum, Karst. . chrysostigma (Fries), Karst. circinans, Swartz citrinum, Fries . citrinum (Hedw.) claro-flavum (Grev.) . . clavatum, Ivu.st. . . . 5 25 69 34 27 35 36 38 34 39 33 33 39 32 37 75 397 399 404 8 8 9 152 25 246 133 147 170 260 163 155 143 134 186 124 139 167 170 136 237 234 323 24 157 157 165 141 PARE H ICLOTIU M — con tin uea. clavus (A. and S.) 325 conigenum (Pers ) . . .167 coronatum, Karst. . . . 127 corticale (Pers.) .... 258 cribiosum, Berk. .... 81 cyathoideum (Bull.) . . . 140 eburneum (Rob.) . . . 145 epiphyllum, Fries . . 163, 164 i'agineum (Pers.) .... 159 ferrugineum (Schuin.) . . . 154 fibuliforme(Bolt.) . . 156 firmum, Karst 123 flavum (Klotzsch) . . .156 graminium, Phil. . . . 155 Grenseri, Auers 156 herbarum (Pers.) 166 Humuli (Lasch) . . . .167 hyalinum (Pers.), Karst. . . 268 ilicis, Phil 164 hnberbe, Bull 164 imberbis, Berk 165 immutabile, Fckl. . . . 162 infundibulum, Fries . . . 136 laburni, B. and Br. . . . 136 lenticulare (Bull.) . . .157 luteolum, Curr 248 lutescens, Berk 131 Marchantias, Berk. . . .164 melleum, B. and Br. . . . 160 nigripes, Schum 157 ochracenm (Grev.) . . . 169 pallescens (Pers.) . . . 158 papillare (Bull.), Gill. . . 257 phascoides, Fries .... 169 phyllophilum (Desm.) . . . 162 pileatum, Karst. . . . 160, 161 pineti, Pat 195 politum, Phil 155 pruinosum, Jerd 165 punctiforme (Grev.) . . . 168 punctoideum, Karst. . . . 269 pygmaum, Karst. . . . 243 renisporum, Ellis . . . 143 repandum, Phil 161 rhodoleucum, Fries . . . 131 rhyzophilum, Fckl. . . . 144 rubi, Spree 143 salicellum, Fries . . . .159 sclerotioides, Bfrk. . . .170 scoparium, Cooke . . . .163 scrupulosum, Karst. . . . 272 scutula, Karst 137 var. albidum, Karst. . . 138 serotinum, Berk 125 sublateritium, B. and Br. . .161 subsessile, Schum. . . . 158 subtile, Fries . . . .132 sulphuratum (Schum.) . . 161 testaceum. Berk 310 tuba, Fries 126 urticce, Karst 141 versiforme, Berk. . . . 146 vibrissioides, Peck . . . 320 virgultorum, Karst. . . . 134 virgultorum, Patuil. . . . 137 xeroplasticum, Rehm . . . 192 INDEX. 451 PAGE HELVELliA, Linn. ... 9 acicularis, B .11. .... 25 agariciformis, Bolt. ... 25 albida, Pers. . . . .16 atra, Konig 16 aurea, Bolt 125 cinerea, Vill 17 coccinea, Bolt 56 cochleata, Bolt 58 costata, Afz. .... 13 crispa, Fries 10 elastica, Bull. . . . 15, 18 elastica, Rabh 18 ephippium. Lev 18 esculenta, Pers 8 feritoria, Bolt 30 Jibuliformis. Bolt. . . . 156 fuliginosa, Dicks. ... 16 fusca, Bull 16 gigas, Kromb 9 glutinosus, Bull 38 grandis, Cum 14 guepiniuides, Berk, and Cooke . 15 hybrida, Sow 7 infula, Schseff. ... 13, 17 Klotzschiana, Corda ... 18 lacunosa, Afz. . . . .11 Icevis, Berg 16 leucophcea, Tratt 11 lutea, Berg 23 macropw, Karst 207 mitra, Bull. . . . .12 n'-'Ura, Purt. . . . .11 in ..uachella, Fries ... 14 monachella, Thum. ... 13 nigra, Berg. .... 12 nigrescens, Pers 17 paV ide-fuliginea, Fries . . 16 pezizoides, Fries ... 17, 206 phalloides, Afz. ... 8 pulla, Holms 17 Relhani, Sow 21 sarcoides, Dicks 324 serotlnum, Berk 125 spadicea, Schsrff 14 spathularia. Sow. ... 30 subcostata, Cooke ... 13 sulcata, Afz 12 vesiculosa. Bolt 74 HEI/VELLACEJE, Fries. . 1 HETEROSPH^EBIA. Grev. . 371 patella (Tode) Grev. . . .371 HUMARIA, Fckl 82 carneo-sanguinea, Fckl. . . 222 hemisph2 graminis (Desm.) . . . 185 Grevillei (Berk.) . . . .180 hyduicola (B. and Br.) . . 194 ilicincola (B. and Br.) . . . 193 incarnata (Cooke) . . . 191 jugosa, Phil, and Plow. . 184 lacustris (Fries) . . . .150 leucostigma (Fries) . . . 330 lignicola, Phil 180 lurida (Pers.) . . . .197 Mali (Rehm) . . . 194 melatephra (Lasch.) . . . 189 microraetra (B. and Br.) . . 184 nervisequia (Pers.) . . . 179 osdema (Desm.) . . . .271 palustris (Rob.) . . . .189 paulula (Rob.") .... 186 peristomialis (B. and Br.) . . 201 pineti (Batsch) . . . .195 Plantaginis (Fckl.) . . .183 Pteridis (Batsch) . . . .256 Kanunculi (Walk.) . . .200 Riccia (Sacc.) . . . .175 JRosce (Pers.) . . . .279 rubella (Pers.) .... 334 Smyrnii, Phil, and Plow. . . 192 sphasrioides (Desm.) . . . 187 straminum (B. and Br ) . . 196 Teucrii (Fckl.) . . . .176 Trifolii (Bernh.) . . . .199 Typhse (Cooke) . . . .188 urticicola, Phil 177 versicola (Desm.) . . . 195 viburnicola (B. and Br.) . . 185 vinosa (A. and S.) 333 vulgaris (Fries) .... 335 xanthostigma (Fries) . . . 329 MOLLTSIELLA, Phil 193 MORCHELLA, Dill ... 2 acuminata, Kickx. ... 4 ceracea, Kromb 4 conica, Fries .... 4 conica, Pers. .... 4 continua, Tratt 4 cofitata, Kunze and Schm. . . 5 crassipes, Pers. . . ; . 5 crispa, Kromb 5 deliciosa, Fries .... 5 esculenta (Linn.) .... 3 gigas, Pers 6 hybrida, Pers 7 patula, Cooke .... 7 patula, Tratt 6 rigida, Kromb 4 rotunda, Pers 4 semilibera, D. C 7 Smithiana, Cooke .... 6 MYXOSPORIUM, Link. paradoxurn, De Not. . . . 397 N^MAOTCLUS, Fckl. pinastri, Fckl NEOTIELLA, Cooke ... NEVIA, Fries. seriata, Lib. ... NIPTERA, Fries cinerea (Batsch), Fckl. . lacustris (Fries), Fckl. . Mercurialis, Fckl. . . Riccia, Sacc. . . . Teucrii, Fckl OCTOSPORA, Hedw. bulbosa, Hedw. . . citrina, Hedw fasciculata, Hedw. . . fungoidaster, Hedw. . . h&mastigma, Hedw. . . hirta, H dw lutescens, Hedw nivea, Hedw. . . . pustulata, Hedw. .. rhizophora, Hedw. . . scutellata, Hedw scutdlata, ^'chum. . . tuberosa, Hedw OIDIUM, Link. bullatum, B. and Br. . . OMBROPHILA, Fries . atro-virens (Pers.) . . brunnea, Phil clavus (A. and S.) . . purpurea (Fckl.) ... rudis (Berk.) ... sarcoides (Jacq.) . . . strobilina (Fries) . . Sydowiana (Rehm) . . ORBILIA, Fries. - coccinella (Sommf.), Fries . inflatula, Karst leucostigma . . . var. ft xanthostigma, Fries leucostigma, Fries . . luteo-rubella (Nyl.) . . vinosa (A. and S.) . OTIDEA, Pers cochleata (Bull.), Fckl. . leporina (Batsch) .. onotica (Pers.) ... PATELLARIA, Fries . aquatica, Curr atrata (Hedw.), Fries . . atro-alba, Cooke ... atro-vinosa, Blox. . . bicolor, Curr Bloxami, Berk Bloxami, Berk citrina (Cheval.), B. and Br. clavispora, B. and Br. . . compressa (A. and S.) . . connivens (Fries) . . constipata, Blox discolor, Mont Fergussoni, B. and Br. . . flexella (Fries) ... Hyperici, Phil 381 229 385 172 174 150 183 175 177 . 205 157 .212 . 130 . 107 223 131 . ^45 . 72 .41 224 . 223 113 . 402 . 322 . 325 ;-,23 . :;24 . 324 . 322 323, 324 . 133 . 143 . 323 3s 5 3:29 . :i2!) . 33U . 334 333 51 . 60 . 53 . 52 . 359 150 . 366 . 369 . 369 280 338 361 . 370 . 366 . 364 . 365 341 175 . 318 . 362 363 INDEX. 455 PAGE PATELLARIA — continued. If-cideola (Fries) . .364 lignyota, Fries .... 360 litoralis, Hhil. and Plow. . . 368 livida, B. and Br. . . .341 Lonicerse, Phil. . . 364 macrospora (Fckl.) . . . 367 maura, Pbil. and Plow. . . 368 melazantha, Fries . . .370 minutissima, Phil. . . . 362 olivacea (Batsch) . . . 361 pallida, Berk 362 palustris, Curr 406 parvula, Cooke .... 363 proxima, B. and Br. . . . 363 pulla, Fries 315 rhabarbarina, Berk. . . . 343 rubro-tinguns, B. and Br. . . 367 sanguinea (Pers.), Karat. . . 281 Bubtectum, Cooke . . . 365 vermifera, Phil 369 PATELLARIACE-ffi, Fries . 359 PELTIDIUM, Kalch. Oocardii, Kalch 99 PKRISTOMEALTS, Phil 201 PEZICULA, Tul. Frangulce, Tul .... 352 phyllophila, Karst . .163 rhabarbarina (Berk.), Tul. . 343 Rosce (Berk.), Sacc. . . .343 PEZIZA, iJill 43 abieties, Pers 346 abietina 61 var. olivaceo-umbrina, Fries . 61 acetabulum. Linn ... 44 acicularis, " Eng. Flo." . . 25 acicularis, Fries .... 25 acutipila, Karst 252 acuum, A. and S 246 Adae, Sadler 62 ceruginosa, " Flo. Dan." . . 147 agaricina, Carm 170 aggregata. Berk 104 albida (Rob.) . . . .138 albo-lutea, Nyl 259 albo-spadicea, Grev. . . . 228 albo-testacea, Desm. . . . 273 albo-violazcens, A. and S. = cy- phella alnea, Pers 355 alniella, Nyl 156 alutacea, Pers 61 amentacea, Balb 120 amentalis, Schum. . . . 121 amenti, Batsch .... 143 ammophila, Dr. and M. . . 49 amphibola (Mass.) Nyl. . . 352 ampliata, Pers. .... 78 amplissima, Fries ... 68 ancilis, Kehm .... 69 anomala, " Eng. Flo." = Solenia ochracea. apala, B. and Br. . . . 253 apophysata, Cooke and Phil. 54 aquosa, B. and Br. . 172 aranea, De Not. . . . 272 araneo-cincta, Phil. . 271 181. PEZIZA — continued, araneosa, Bull. . araneosa. Sow. Arctii, Phil. . ardemnsis, Mont. arenevaga, Desm. arenicola, Lev. var. Bloxami, Cooke argillacea, Sow. . artemisice, Lasch. ascoboloides, Berk. ascoboloides, Mont. ascoboloides, Schw. Aspegrenii, Fries . Asperagi, Wint. . aeperior, Nyl. aspidii, Lib. aspidiicola, B. and Br. . asterostoma, Phil. atrata, Pers. form foliicola, D-sm. var. Digitalina, Phil. var. (3. ebuli, Karst. . atrata, Wahl. atratula, Nyl. atro-cinerea, Cooke atro-marginata, Phil, and Plow. atro-rufa, Grev. . atro-virens, Pers. . Aucuparice (Pers.), Grev. . aurantia, (Ed var. atro-marginata, Phil, and Plow. ... var. stipitata, Phil. . aurantiaca, Hartz. aurea. Sow aurelia, Pers. auricolor, Blox. . auricula, Cooke . auricula, Scha?ff. . aurora, Crouan. . axillaris, Nees Babingtonii, Berk, badia, Pers. . . barbata, Kunze . benesueda, Tul. . Berkeleii, Blox. . bicolor, Bull. Bloxamii, B. and Br. . Bloxami, Cooke . bolaris, Batsch bovina, Phil. briophila, Fries . Browniana, Blox. . brunnea, A. and S. brunnea, Batsch . brunnea, Cooke . brunuee-atra, Dccm . brunneola, Desm. vai.fagicola, Phil. . buccina, Fries bufonia, Pers. bulbo-crinita, Phil. bulbosa (Hedw.) Nees . bulgarioides, Rabh. . Bullii, Smith cacalia, Pers. . . PAGE 121 92 183 143 186 210 211 109 188 96 93 93 124 182 85 246 245 267 188 184 190 187 366 181 176 57 216 325 354 56 57 . 57 56 . 157 . 280 . 334 . 54 53 . 308 . 93 . Ill . 58 . 263 . 174 246, 270 . 249 . 403 . 211 . 124 . 101 . 125 . 408 209, 214 . 314 . 215 . 76 . 238 . 238 . 170 . 75 . 227 . 205 118, 146 . 194 . 145 456 INDEX. PAGE PEZIZA — continued. ccerulea, Bolt 230 CcBsia, Pers. . . . .277 caligata, Nyl. ... .52 callosa, Bull. . . . .174 callunigena, Karst. . . . 356 calycina, Nyl. . . . 244, 249 calycina, Sebum 241 var. Ti-evelyana, Cooke . . 242 calyculceformis, Schum. . . 237 calyculus, Fries .... 136 candidata, Cooke .... 273 Candulliana, Lev. . . .114 canescens, Cooke .... 259 carbonaria, A . and S. . .49 carbonigena, Berk. . . . 103 carnea, Cooke and Phil. . . 48 carnosissima, Phil. . . .103 carpini, Batsch . . . .123 caucus, Rebent 121 caulicola. Fries 236 cerasi, Grev. . . . .341 cerasi, Pers 341 cerastiorum, Wallr. . . . 200 cerea, Sow 74 cerina, Pers 233 cervaria, Phil 100 Chailletii, Pers 371 Chateri, Smith . . .89 Chavetice, Lib 277 chrysophcea, Pers. . . .377 chrysopthalma, Gerard. . . 95 chrysostigma, Fries . . . 328 ciborioides, Fries . . . .117 ciborium. Fries .... 45 var. major, B. and Br. . . 45 ciliaris, Schrad 250 var. ft. globulifera . . . 250 ciliata, Bull 224 ciliata, Hoffm 223 cinerea, Batsch . . . .173 cinnabarina, Schw. ... 85 cinnamomea, D. C. . . 342 ci tricolor, B. and Br. . . .261 citrina, Batsch .... 157 clandestina, Bull. . . . 236 var. caiyculiformis, Schum. . 237 var. caulicola, Fries . . . 236 var. latebricola (Rehm) . . 237 var. patens, Fries . . . 239 claro-flava, Grev. . . .165 clavariarum, Desm. = Sphceria. clavata, Pers 141 clavus, A. and S 325 coccinea, Jacq 203 coccinea, Schaeff. . . . .56 coccinea, Sow 56 coccinella, Sommf. . . . 329 cochleata, Batsch .... 56 var. 0 72 cochleata, Bull 60 cochleata, /?. alutacea, Fries . 61 cochleata, Holms. ... 53 cocotina, Cooke .... 206 comitessce, Cooke .... 143 comprcssa, A. and S. . . . 364 vonformis, Nyl 189 PACK PEZIZA — continued. conigena, Pers 163 coniicola, Cooke and Phil. . . 333 connivens, Fries .... 365 constellatio, B. and Br. . . 86 convexula, Pers 95 coprinaria, Cooke . . . 224 corallina, Cooke . . . .102 corium, Weberb 204 cornea, B. and Br. . . . 332 Cornubiensis, B. and Br. . . 229 coronaria, Jacq 68 coronata, Bull. . . .127 corticalis, Pers 258 crenata, Bull 47 crenulata, Fckl 216 cretea, Cooke .... 22s cribrosa, Grev 80 crispa. Sow 337 Crouani, Cooke : 84 crucifera, Phil 250 crucipiJa, Cooke and Phil. . . 230 culmicola, Desm 148 cupressi, Batsch .... 240 cupressina, Pers 240 cupularis, Linn 47 var. carbouaria, Weinm. . . 49 Currei, Berk 117 Curreiana, Tul 117 Curreyana, Berk. . . . 117 Cyathoideu, Bull 140 Dalmeniensis, Cooke . . . 227 dematicRcola, B. and Br. . . 266 denigrans, Fckl 132 dentata, Pers 332 denticulata, Schum. . . 127 depressa, Phil 101 depressula, Nyl 187 dichroa, Holms 56 Digitalina, Phil 190 dilutella, Fries .... 192 diminuta, Rob 253 diplocarpa, Curr 232 domestica, Sow 107 domic iliana, Cooke ... 62 duinorum, Desm. .... 262 Durifeana, Tul 115 Ebuli, Karst 187 eburnea, Rob 145 echinophila, Bull. . . . 122 edhinulata, A\\d 250 eclecta, Berk, and Cooke . . 96 effugiens, Rob 196 elaphines, B. and Br. . . . 180 electrina, Phil, and Plow. . . 142 emergens, Cooke and Phil. . . 139 epidi.ndra, Bull 204 epiphragmidium, Phil. . .271 epiphylla, Pers. . . . .163 episj)hceria, Mart. . . . 273 epithallina, Phil, and Plow. . 173 equina, "Flo. Dan." . . . 221 var. pilosa, Karst. . . . 312 Equiseti, Fries . . . .321 erecta, Sow 226 eriobasis, Berk. .... 278 erumpens, Grev. . , 197 INDEX. 457 PEZIZA— con tinned. erythrostigma, B. and Br. escharodes, B. and Br. . Euphorbia, B. and Br. excelsior, Karst. . exidiiformis, B. and Br. eximia, Dr. and Lev. . fagicola, Phil. faginea, Pers. fallax, Desm. fascicularis, A. and S. ferruginea, Schum. var. disciformis, HofiF. jibrillosa, Curr. . Jlbula, Bolt. = fibuliformis fbuliformis. Fries Jilicea, Cooke and Phil. jilicum, Phil. Jilipes, Phil.. filispora, Cooke . fimbriata, Chaill. frma, Pers. . Jlammea, A. and S. flava, Klotzsch flaveola, Cooke flavida, Phil. Jiavo-fuliginea, Karst. jli'xella Fries faecunda, Phil. Fraxini, Schw. fraxinicola, B. and Br. friabitis, Phil, and Plow. Friesii, Pers. fructigena, Bull. . var. virgultorum fucata, Phil. fugiens, Phil. fulvo-coccinea, Phil. furfurac'-a, Fries furva, Nyl. . fusarioides, Berk. fusca, Bolt. . fusca, Pers. . fuscesens, Pers. . fusispora, Berk. . var. aggregata. Berk. var. Scotica, Rabh. . geaster, B. and Br. geaster, Rabh. glandicola, Doass. glumarum, Deam. Godroniana, Mont. graminis, Desin. grandis, Pers. granulata, Bull. . gregaria, Rehm . Grevillei. Berk. . grisella, Cooke and Phil, htemastigma, Hedw. . Helminthosporii, Blox. helotioides, Fries . helvelloides, Fries hemispherica, Wigg. . var. minor, Nyl. var. proximella, Karst. hepatica, Batsch . herbarum, Pers. . F AGE 254 . 263 B 198 . 150 81, 100 , 68 • 238 • 159 • 175 , 337 . 154 • 154 • 60 • 156 , 156 . 254 B 191 . 116 . 152 , 371 . 123 m 407 • 157 f 192 . 64 • 259 t 362 B 189 • 355 • 275 , 403 , 118 • 130 p 135 B 137 B 263 B 213 . 337 , 65 ( 331 _ 290 B 282 . 235 , 103 • 104 B 104 B 210 • 68 • 120 • 97 , 241 185, 190 • 61 • 94 • 215 • 180 • 260 • 107 • 149 • 159 • 206 . 211 • 215 . 215 99, 100 . 166 PAC; K PEZIZA — continued. hinulea, B. and Br. . . .219 hirsuta Holms 213 hirta, Sebum 220 hirto-coccinea, Phil, and Plow. . 213 hispida, Schseff. .... 2i-7 hispida, Sow 212 hispidula, Schrad. . . . 403 Humilis, Desm 167 humosa, B. and Br. . . .92 humosa, Fries . . . .92 humosa. Rehrn .... 86 Humuli, Lasch 167 hyalina, Leight 3:JO hyalina, Pers 267 hybrida,Sow. . . . 211,214 hydnicola, B. and Br. . . . 194 hydnoidea. Sow. .... 264 Hyperici, Phil 363 ilicincola, B. and Br. . . . 193 imberbis. Bull 165 incarnata, Cooke . . . .191 indiscreta, Phil, and Plow. . . 73 inflatula, Karst 335 injlexa. Bolt 127 infundibuliformis, Grev. . . 136 inquinans, Pers 314 insolita, Cooke . .45 isabellina, Wor. Smith . . . 6.'5 Johnstoni, Berk 2s2 jugosa, Phil, and Plow. . . 184 julacea, Pers 120 jimcifida, Nyl 117 jungermannia?, Nees . . . 101 Keithii, Phil 93 labellum, Bull. . . . 212 lacustris, Fries .... 150 Inetirubra, Cooke .... 85 lanuginosa, Bull. var. Sumneri. Berk. . . 213 lapidaria. Cooke . . .211 laricis, Rehm . . . 241 lasia, B. and Br. . . 327 latebricola (Rehm) . . 2.17 Lecanora Schum. . . 374 lechithina . . . 96 lecideola, Fries . . . 364 Ledi, A. and S. . . 357 leiocarpa, Curr. . 65 lenticularis. Bull. . . 157 lentifera, Bolt. = Cyathus verni- cosus. leporina, Batsch . 52, 53 leporina, Rabh. . 54 leporina, Sow. . 52 leptospora, B. and Br. 320 leucoloma, Hedw. 91 leucoloma, Karst. . 87 leuconica, Cooke . 267 leucophcea, Pers. . 265 leucostigma, Fries 330 leuculenta, Cooke Lichenoides, Pers. 277 ligniaria, Karst. 99 lignyota, Fries . 360 linteicola, Phil, and Plow. 64 litoralis, Phil, and Plow. 363 4-18 INDEX. PEZIZA - continued. livida. Schum. .. lividula, Phil lurida, Pers. .. IK tea, Reich. .. luteola, Curr. . luteo-niteus, B. and Br. luteo-niteus. Cooke . luteo-rubella, Nyl. . luteo-virescens, Rob. . lutescens, Hedw luzulina, Phil ly coper dioides, D. C. . macrocalyx, Reiss. . macrocalyx, Wor. Smith macrocystis, Cooke . macropus, Pers. . . Mali, Rehm .... marchanticv, B ..... marginata, Sow ..... maura, Phil, and Plow. . . maurilabra, Cooke ... melaloma, A. and S. . . . melanotheja, Fries . . . melanozantha, Fries . . . melastoma, Sow ..... melatephra, Lasch. . . . melazantha, Fries . . . mellea, Cooke and Plow. . . Menthcp., Phil ..... MercuriaHs, Fckl. . . . micacea, Pers ..... micrometra, B. and Br. . . micropus, Pers ..... var. flavida, Phil. ... miliaris, Wall. = M. epithalina minutissima, Batsch . . . mistura, Phil ..... monilifera, Fckl ..... muralis, Sow ..... mutabilis, B. and Br. . . . nervisequia, Pers. . . . nidulus, Grev ..... nigra, Bull ..... nigra, Sow. = P. clavariarum, Desm. nigro-punctata, Gerard . . nitidula, B. and Br. . . nivea, Fries ..... nivea, Sow. = virginea Batsch. nuda, Phil. . . ocellata, Pers. . ochracea, Boud. . ochracea, Grev. . ochracea, Karst. . ochroleuca, Bolt. . cedema, Deem. . (Enanthes, Phil. . olivacea, Batsch . ollaris, Fries . omphalodes, Bull. onotica, Pers. . Oocardii (Kalch.) . palearum, Desm. . pallescens, Pers. . pallido-virescens, Phil. pahistris, Rob PAGE 221 76 197 . 247 . 58 . 59 . 833 .121 131 244 .74 . 68 . 68 . 91 16, 207 . 194 164 380 . 368 . 94 .109 . 370 . 266 216 . 189 .370 . 78 137 .183 269 . 184 63 . 64 173 149 100 130 48 278 179 264 314 367 142 245 134 247 374 62 169 52 123 271 182 361 102 106 52 98 239 158 121 190 PAGK PEZIZA — continued. papillaris, Bull 257 patdlaria, Pers 366 patula, Pers. . . 250, 251 paulula, Rob 186 pedicellata, Sow. . . . 140 pellita, Pers. . . . 263 Percevali, Berk, and Cooke . . 45 peristomealis, B. and Br. . . 201 Personnii, Moug. . .321 petaloidea, Cooke and Phil. . . 46 petioloruin, Rob. .... 132 phascoides, Fries .... 169 Phillipsii, Cooke . . 90 phlebophora, B. and Br. . . 55 phylophylla, Desm. . . . 163 Piggotii. B. and Br. . . 106 pilifera, Cooke . . 93 pineti, Batsch . . . .195 plano-umbilfcata, Grev. . . 274 Plantaginis (Fckl.) . . .184 pleurota, Phil 51 plicata, Pers 72 plumbed-, Grev 262 pluvialis, Cooke .... 108 poculiformis, Hoffm. . . . 204 p-'lymorpha, With. . . . 314 Polytrichi, Karst. ... 84 Polytrichi. Rabh. ... 88 Polytrichi, Schum. ... 87 postuma, Berk, and Wilson . . 115 prasiiia, Quelet .... 261 prunastri, Grev. . . . 345 Prunicola, Fckl 279 psammophila, Berk, and Curt. . 219 pseudo-tulerosa, Rehm . .119 Pteridis, A. and S. 257 pulveracea, A. and S. . . . 348 pulverulenta, Auers. . . . 247 punctiformis, Grev. . . .168 punctoidea, Karst. . . . 269 purpurascens, Pers. . . 77 pustulata, Cers. ... 66, 72 pygmaa, Fries .... 243 pyxidata, " Flo. Dan." . .125 radiata, Pers. . .127 radicata, Holms. . .50 radiculata, Sow 203 var. Percevali, Phil. . . . 2 13 radula, B. and Br. . . .71 rapula, Pers 50 rapulum, Bull. . . .50 recedens, Phil 143 repanda, Wahl. . . 66 resince, Fries = Lecidea. resinaria, Cooke and Phil. . . 242 reticulata, Grev 67 retrusa, Phil, and Plow. . 408 rhabarbarina, Berk. . . . 343 rhabdosperma, B. and Br. . . 280 rhizopus, A. and S. . . .216 rhodoleuca, Fries . . . . 131 Rhytisma, Phil. . . .250 flibesia, Pers 350 rivulosa, Quelet .... 94 Rosa, Pers 279 rosea, Schum 52 INDEX. 459 PAGE PEZIZA — con tinned. Roumegueri, Karst. . . . 104 var. carnosissima,'tPhil. . . 104 rubella, Pers. . . . 334 rubicola, Cooke and Phil. . .331 rubra, Cooke .... 225 rudis, B- rk. .... 322 rufo-olivacea, A. and S. . .275 rutilans, Fries .... 89 sallcaria, Pers 174 salicella, Fries . . . .160 salmonicola, B. and Br. . . 98 sangtnnea, Pers 281 eaniosa, Schrad 70 sarcoides, Pers 323 echizospora, Phil. ... 87 Schumacheri, Fries . . . 262 var. plumbea, Grev. . . . 262 Schweinitzii, Auers. . . 239 Scirpi, Rabh. . . . 152, 409 sclewtif, Fckl 1 15 sclerotioides, Berk. . . . 17U sclerotiorum, Lib. . . .115 scrupulosa, Karst. . . . 272 scutellata, Batsch . . .221 scutellata, Bolt 221 scutellata, Cooke .... 220 scutellata, Linn 223 scutula, 1'ers 137 var. fucata, Phil. . . .137 var. Menthfp, Phil. . . .137 var. Itudbeckice, Phil. . . 138 semi-immersa, Karat. ... 95 sepiatra, Cooke . . . .79 sepulta. Fries . . . .210 serotina, Pers 125 sessilis, Sow. = a Cyphella. setosa, Nees 406 sicula, Inzeng 68 siparia, B. and Br. . . . 276 Smyrnii, Phil 192 Solani, Pers. . . . .141 solfatera, C'-oke and Ellis . . 247 sordida, Fckl 144 Sowerbei, Cooke .... 92 Scnverbea, Pers 203 spadicea, Fries .... 258 sphcvrioides (Desni.) . . . 187 sporotricha, Oud. . . . 267 fpurcata, Pers 72 stercoraria, Bull. . . . 290 stercorea. Fries .... 224 stercorea, Per 224 stereicola, Cooke .... 323 eUr'.gmatizans, I'hil. . . so Steven son i, B. and 1'r. . . . 235 st>pitata, Bull 207 Stockii, Cooke and Phil. . . 261 strnminvm, B. and Br. . . 196 Striata, Fries .... 141 strigosa, Fri?s = Exc;pula striy fa. strobilina, Fries .... 133 subhirsuta, Schum. . . . 108 var. macrocystis, Cooke . . 91 sublicia. Holms. .... 207 Bubrepanda, Cooke and Phil. . 80 subtilis, Fries . . . .132 PAGE PEZIZA— continued. subtilissima, Cooke . . . 244 subularis, Bull 122 subulata, Schum. . . . 127 subulipes, Pers 123 succosa, Berk 70 sulphurata, Schum. . . . 162 sulphurea, Pers. . . . 259, 264 var. leucophcea, Pers. . . 265 suJphureo-ccesia, Schum. . . 260 Sumn°,riana, Cooke . . .213 Tami, Desm. .... 270 tectoria, Cooke .... 77 testacea, Moug 310 Teucrei, Fckl 176 theleboloides, A. aud S. . . 225 var. rubra, Cooke . . . 225 thejocroa, Pers 161 tomipora, Phil 272 trachycarpa, Curr. . . 65 trechispora, B. and Br. . . 218 Trevelyana, Cooke . . . 242 trichodea, Phil, and Plow. . . 234 tricolor. Sow. . . • • . 240 Ti-ifolio urn, Lib. . . . 199 tripolii, B. and Br. . 330 truncotula, Rebent. . . . 349 tuba, B .It 126 tuba, Fries 126 tuberosa, Bull 113 Typhce, Cooke .... 188 ulcerata, Phil, and Plow. . . 330 ulmarice, Lascb 182 umbrala, Cooke .... 219 umbrata, Fries .... 222 umbrina, Pers 60 umbrorum, Fckl 219 umbrosa, Fries . . .219, 222 urceoliformis, Karst. . . . 356 undata, Wor. Smith ... 79 unicisa. Peck .... 62 Urticce, Pers. .... 141 urticiola, Phil 177 variecolor, Fries .... 259 vectis, B. and Br 284 venosa, Cooke .... 67 venosa, Pers. .... 69 venosa, Weberb 69 ventosa, Karst 151 versicolor, Desm 195 versifornn's, Pers. . . .146 var. lioida. Fries . . .146 vesiculosa, Bull 73 var. cerea, Liehm . . .74 vexata, Karst. . . .149 viburnfcola, B. and Br. .185 villosa, Pers. = Cyphella. vinosa, A. and S 333 violacea, Pers. . .81 viola-^cens, f'ooke . . 88 viryinea, Bat>ch . . . 248 virguUorum, Fries . . 134 var. p.fructigena . . . 134 virguUorum, Vahl. . . . 134 viridaria, B. and Br. . . . 82 viridi<. Bolt. .... 395 vitellina, Pera 221 460 INDEX. PAGE PEZIZA — continued. vivida, Nyl 88 vulcanalis, Peck .... 47 vulgaris, Fries .... 335 var. j3. diaphana, Sow. . . 335 Wauchii, Grev 280 Willkommii, Hartig. . . .241 Woolhopeia, Cooke and Phil. . 215 Wrightii, Berk 86 xanthomela, Pers. ... 97 xaiithoKtigma, Fries . . . 329 PEZIZ^E 41 PEZIZELLA. mali, Rehm 194 sordida, Fckl 144 PEZIZULA 299 Crustacea, Karst 299 PHACIDIACE^E . . .387 PHACIDIUM, Fries . . .387 abietinum, Schmidt . . . 392 Arctostaphyli, Karst. . . .391 Calthae, Phil 391 carbonaceum, Fries . . . 396 Certo&tiorum, Gill. . . . 200 coronatum, Fries .... 394 dentatum, Schmidt . . . 393 Ilicii?, Lib 390 Lauro-cerasi, Desrn. . . . 397 leptidinm, Fries .... 395 litigiosuin, Rob 200 minutissimum, Awd. . . . 389 miiltivalve, Fries . . . 390 patella, Fries . . . .371 Pini (A. and S.), Fries . . 392 quadratum, Schmidt . . . 395 radians, Rob 388 Ranunculi, Cooke . . . 200 repandum, Fries . . . .395 Rubi, Fries 394 Bimulatum, B. and Br. . . 390 striatum, Phil, and Plow. . . 392 tetrasporum, Phil, and Keith . 388 Trifolii (Bernh.) . . . .199 Vaccinii, Fries .... 389 valvatum, Schmidt . . . 393 PHALLUS. conicus, " Flo. Dan." ... 21 crassipes, Vente 5 esculentus, Linn. .... 3 gigas, Batsch .... 6 monachella, Scop. ... 14 patulus, Gled 7 rete, Batsch 7 squamosus, Vente. ... 6 PHALOBOLETUS. esculentus, Mich. . . . 6, 7 PHIALIA. albida (Rob.) . . . .138 aranea (De Not.) . . . 272 Aspegrenii (Fries) . . .124 bryophila (Fries) . . . .125 cacalicB (Pers.) .... 145 calyculus (Sow.) .... 136 capillipes, Quelet . . . .116 caucus (Rebent.) . . . . 121 ciborioides (Fries) . . .118 coronata (Bull.) . . . .127 PAGR PHTAMA — continued. citrina (Hedw.) .... 157 clavata (Pers.) . . . .141 culmicola (Desm.) . . .149 cupressina (Batsch) . . . 240 Curreyana (Berk.) . . .117 cyathoidea (Bull.) . . .110 echinophila (Bull.) . . .122 frma (Pers.) . . . .123 fruct igena (Bull.) . . .135 fusca (Pers.) .... 282 inflexa (Bolt.) . . . .128 luteo-virescens (Rob.) . . .121 lutescens (Hedw.) . . . 131 Persoonii (Moug.) . . . 321 petiolorum (Rob.) . . . 132 phyllophila (Desni.) . . . 163 sanguinea (Pers.) . . . 281 sclerotiorum (Lib.) . . .115 scutula (Pers.) .... 137 subtile (Fries) . . . .132 subularis (Bull.) .... 123 tuba (Bolt.) 126 tuberosa (Bull.) . . . .113 versicolor (Desm.) . . . 195 PHLTCTIDIUM. Ranunculi, Wallr. . . . 200 PHRAGMOPHORA. amphibola, Mass 352 PIROTT^EA, Sacc. .... 2^4 vectis (B. and Br.) . . .2*4 PlSTILLARIA. micans, " Eng. Flo." ... 30 PlTHTA. cupressina, Fckl. . . . 240 PLECTANEA. coccinea (Jacq.) . . . .204 melastoma (Sow.) . . .216 PLICARIA, Fckl. badia, Fckl. .... 59 cerea, Fckl. 74 foveata, Fckl 66 pustulata, Fckl 72 repanda, Fckl GO reticulata, Fckl 67 PROPOLIS, Fries . . .373 angulosa, Karst 378 chrysophsea (Pers.) . . .377 faginea (Schmidt), Karst. . . 376 hysterioides (Desm.), Fckl. . . 384 Lecanora (Schum.) . . . 374 var. Populi, De Not. 374 nivea, Fries . . . . 381 phacidioides, Fries . . .391 Populi, De Not 374 Pyri(B. andBr.). . . .375 rhodoleuca, Fries . . . .375 rhodoleuca (Sommf.) . . . 375 var. Strobilina, Desm. . . 375 Rosa;, Fckl 377 versicolor, Fries . . . .376 PSEUDO-HELOTICM, Fckl. hyalinum, Fckl 268 pineti, Fckl. . . . 19f> PriEUDO-PEZIZA, Fckl. . . . 198 JungermannicK, Fckl. . . . 102 Trifolii (Bernh.), Fckl. . . 199 INDEX. 461 PARE PSILOPEZIA Berk. . .110 Babinztonii, Berk. . 110 myrothecioides, B. and Br. . .111 PCSTDLARIA, Cooke . . . .71 cupularis, Fckl 47 micropus, Fckl 63 vesiculosa, Fckl 74 PVRENO-PEZIZA, Fckl. . . .178 atra, Fckl 181 Chailletii, Fckl 371 Plantagines, Fckl. . . .184 Rubi (Fries), Rebm . . .350 PTROXEMA, Fckl 105 confluens, Tul 106 Marianum, Carus . . .106 melalamum, Fckl. . . . 109 omphalodes, Fckl. . . . 106 subhirsutum, Fckl. . . . 108 EHIZINA, Fries .... 40 laevigata, Fries .... 41 nigro-olivacea, Curr. . . .361 undulata, Fries .... 40 RHIZOPODELLA, Cooke . . . 216 RHYTISMA, Fries. radicalis^ Cooke .... 353 RYPAROBIUS, Bond. . . 298 argenteus (B. and Br.) . . . 3ul Cookei (Crouan), Boud. . . 299 Crouani (Renny) .... 300 dubius, Boud 300 Leveilleanus (Renny) . . . 301 parvisporus (Renny) . . . 303 subhirtus (Reuny) . . 302 Woolhopensis, Renny . . . 302 SACCOBOLTJS, Boud. caesariatus, Renny . . . 297 depauperatus (B. and Br.) . . 296 Kerverni (Crouan), Boud. . . 294 neglectus, Boud 295 obscurus (Cooke) .... 295 violaceus, Boud 296 SARCODEA, Karst. Sarcoides *urnalis . . . 324 S,\ RCOSCTPHA, Fries .... 202 SGHMITZOMIA, Fries. . . 378 annulata (Cooke and Phil.) . .379 arundinacea (Pers.) . . . 3-<0 atro-alba, Phil, and Plow. . . 379 Berkeleyana, Dr. and Lev. . . 379 decipiens, Karst. . . . 379 nivea (Pers.), De Not. . . . 3sl radiata (Linn.) .... 380 SCLERODERRIS (Fries), De Not. amphibola (Mas.) Gill. . . 352 fuliginosa (Fries), Karst. . . 384 ribesia (Fries), Karst. . . . 350 SCLEROTINIA, Fckl 112 Batschiana, Zopf. . . .119 Candolleana (Lev.), Fckl. . .114 Libertiana, Fckl. . . .115 Scutellinia, Cooke . . . 217 tuberosa (Hedw.), Fckl. . .113 SCDTELLINIA, Cooke .... 217 SEPCLTARIA, Cooke .... 208 SPATHULAEJA, Pers. . . 30 ci'ispa, Corda . 30 PAGE SPATHULARTA — continued. flava, Swartz . . .30 flavida, Pers. .... 30 SPHJERIA. arbuti, Sow. .... 391 Aucuparice, Pers ..... 354 bifrons, Sow ..... 390 concava, Sow ..... 398 craterium, " Eng. Flo." . . 397 patella, Pers ..... 371 penetrans, a. patella, Tode . .371 Ribesia, Link ..... 350 SPH-ffiROBOLUS. rosaceus, Tode .... 380 SPHINCTRTNA, Fries. = Lichen. STAMNARIA, Fckl. . . .321 Persoonii (Moug.) . . . 321 STEGIA, Fries . . . .398 arundinacea, Fckl. . . . 177 ilicis, Fries ..... 398 STICTEJE, Fries . . .372 STICTIS, Pers ..... 381 annulata, Cooke and T'hil. . . 380 arundinacea, Pers. . . .331 Berkeleyana, Dr. and Lev. . . 379 chrysophcea, Pers. . . .377 Fagicola, Phil ..... 385 graminum, l>esm. . . 381,386 hysterioides, Desm. . . . 3S4 Lecanora, Fries .... 374 var. Pyri, B. and Br. . . 375 lichenicola, Mont. . . . 382 longa, Fries ..... 386 microstoma, Carm. . . . 383 nivea, Pers. ..... 381 ocellata, Fries .... 374 pallida, Pers ..... parallela, Fries .... phacidioides. Fries . . . Pteridina (Phil, and Buck.). . punctifurmis, Pers. . . . radiata, Pers ..... rhodoleuca, Sommf. . . . var. strobilina, Desm. . . seriata, Lib ...... sphceralis, Fries .... versicolor, Fries .... var. Strobilina, Desm. . . Wauchii, Eer^..=Rhytisma maxi- mum. TAPESIA (Pers.), Fries . . aurdia, Pers ..... cassia (Pers.) .... var. chavetias .... chavetice, Lib ..... eriobasis (Berk.) .... fusca (Pers.) . . . Johnstoni, Berk ..... mutabilis (B. and Br.) . . rhabdosperma (B. and Br.) . . Rosse(Pers.) . . . . var. Prunicola (Fckl.) . . sanguinea (Pers.). . . . variecolor, Fckl ..... TAPHRINA, Tul. alnitor^ua, Tul ..... 391 384 386 380 375 375 385 372 376 375 276 2**0 277 277 277 273 282 282 270 280 279 271 289 259 403 162 INDEX. PAGE T A PH RIN A— con tinned. bullata, Fckl. . . 402 deformans, Tul. . . . 401 Pruni, Tul. . . . 400 Tormantillce, Rost. . . 402 TARZETTA, Cooke . 46 THECpTHETJS . . 29V Pelletieri (Crouan), Boud. . . 297 TREMELLA, Linn. sarcoides, With 324 TRICHOPEZIZA, Fckl. aranea (De Not.), Sacc. . . 272 Aspidii (Lib.), Fckl. . . . 246 nivea (Hedw.), Fckl. . . . 245 pulveracea, Fckl 257 sulphurea (Fries'), Fckl. . . 264 TRICHOSCYPHA, Cooke . . . 126 TBOCHILA, Fries . . .396 Buxi, Capron .... 397 craterium, Fries .... 396 Lauro-cerasi (Desm ) . . . 397 phacidioides, Karst. . . .391 radians, De Not. . . . 389 EuU, De Not 350 salicaria, De Not. . . .174 TYMPANIS, Toda . . .351 alnea (Pers.), Fries . . .355 amphihola (Mass.) . . . 352 Aucupariae (Pers.) . . .351 conspersa, Fries .... 354 Frangula?, Fries .... 351 Fraxini (Schwz.) .... 355 PAOB TVMPANIS — continued. laracina (Fckl.) .... 353 ligustri, Tul. .... 353 obtexta, Wallr. . . 279 var. pezizcrformis, Wallr. . 279 patella, Wallr 371 Ribis, Wallr. . . 350 saligna, Fries . . . .353 VELUTARIA, De Not. rufo-olivacea, A. and S. . .275 VERPA, Swartz. . . 19 conica, Swartz. . 21 digitaliformis, Pers. . . 19, 21 rufipes, Phil 20 speciosa, Vitt 6, 21 VIBRISSEA, Fries. coronata, Phil. . . .320 Fergussoni (B. and Br.) . . 318 Guernisaci, Crouan . .319 leptospora (B. and Br.) . . 320 Margarita, White . . .317 microscopica, B. and Br. . .319 truncorum, A. and S. . . . 316 turbinata, Phil 320 XTLOMA, Pers. arundinaceum, D. 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