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THE DISPERSAL of SHELLS: an Inquiry into the means of Dispersal possessed by Fresh Water and Land Mollusca. By H. Wallis Kew, F.Z.S. With Preface by A. R. Wallace, F.R.S., and Illustrations. LXXVI. RACE and LANGUAGE. By Andbe Lefevbe, Professor in the Anthropological School, Paris. London : KEG AN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER, & CO., Ltd. The International Scientific Series. vol. LXI. A MANUAL OF THE BRITISH DISCOMYCETES WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE SPECIES OF FUNGI HITHERTO FOUND IN BRITAIN, INCLUDED IN THE FAMILY AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF TEE GENERA BY WILLIAM PHILLIPS, F.L.S. CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE CRTPTOGAMIC SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND, AND THE BIRMINGHAM NATURAL HISTORI AND MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY SECOND ED1110N LIBRARY NEW YORK BOIANICAL GARDEN LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., LtS 1893 (Tf>* rights of translation and of reproduction are reserved.') j - PREFACE. -•O*- The design of this work is to provide the English student with the means of acquiring a knowledge of the Discomycetes of Britain. The fifth volume of " English [0 Flora/' Berkeley's " Outlines," and Cooke's « Handbook," |^ each well served this purpose in its time, and I indulge 5* the hope that the present work may be equally useful. ^j No trouble has been spared in verifying and extend- . ing microscopic observations of the morphology, for in no instance where an authentic specimen was accessible has the opportunity of examining it been neglected. The readiness with which the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, my ^ lamented friend the late Mr. C. E. Broome, and Dr. M. C. *> Cooke have entrusted to me some of their unique tf specimens, calls for my grateful acknowledgment ; as -^ d - NE BOTANIC J GARDEN VI PKEFACE. collected with a view of publishing a new edition of the " Handbook," but afforded me at all times his valuable advice and assistance. How far these advantages have been utilized must be left to the judgment of the reader. The subject of classification will not fail to awaken some controversy. As every author has his own views, I may be permitted to have mine. To adhere as closely as possible to the long-accepted Friesian system has been the practice of English authors ; but this has been carried a little too far, owing to our "insular prejudices," and the time has come when a new departure must be made. While avoiding the fondness for innovation displayed by our Teutonic, and indeed, though in a less degree, our Gallic, neighbours, I have retained in the form of subgenera some of their more useful groups. I foresee many objections that can be urged to the method adopted, but prefer to let it stand on its own merits rather than enter here into a lengthened justification. Many of the diagnoses have been altered or added to without reserve, where it appeared to me necessary, and others have been borrowed from one or other of the authors cited in connection with them. Professor Karsten's " Mycologia Fennica " and M. Boudier's " Memoire sur les Ascoboles " have been of great assist- ance, the former especially in the measurement of sporidia. The habitats are chiefly those of "English Flora," Cooke's " Handbook," Berkeley and Broome's " Notices of British Fungi," with such as have come within my own knowledge. To have added those contained in the PREFACK. vil various local floras would have occupied too much space, besides which many of them are too unreliable. My thanks are due to the following gentlemen for much valuable help : — the Rev. W. A. Leighton, Mr. C. B. Plowright, the Rev. J. Stevenson, the Rev. Dr. Keith, Professor James, W. H. Trail, and many others, besides those already mentioned. As errors, in spite of all one's care, will creep into a work of this kind, I shall take it as an act of kindness on the part of those who will point them out, with the view of correcting a second edition should it ever be called for. WILLIAM PHILLIPS. Canonbury, Shrewsbury, August, 1887. ^c aC - CONTENTS. Order I.— HELVELLACE.E. Fries Genus I. — Morchella, Dill II. — Gyromitra III. — Helvella, Fries IV. — Verpa, Svvartz ... V. — Leotia, Fries Subgenus. — Oudon la, Fries VI. — Mitrula, Fries VII. — Spathularia, Pers. VIII. — Leptoglossum, Cooke IX. — Geoglossom, Pers. X. — PtHiziNA, Fries PAGE 2 8 9 19 21 24 26 30 31 34 40 Order IL— PEZIZ^E. Series I. — Nud^e ... Genus I. — Peziza, Dill Subgenus 1.- — Acetabula, Fries ... 2.- — Tarzetta, Cooke 3.- — Otidea, Pers. 4.- — Cochlearia, Cooke 5.- — Discina, Fries 6.- — Galactinia, Cooke 42 43 44 46 51 55 64 69 X CONTENTS. PAOT? Subgenus 7. — Pustularia, Cooke ... ... 71 8. — G-eoscypha, Cooke ... 75 9. — Humaria, Fries ... ... 82 10. — Pyronema, Fckl. ... ... 105 Genus II. — Psilopezia, Berk. ... ... ... ... 110 III. — Hymenoscypha, Fries ... ... ... Ill Subgenus 1. — Sclerotinia, Fckl. ... ... 112 2.— Ciboria, Fckl. ... ... 118 3. — Trichoscypha, Cooke ... ... 126 4. — Cyathoidea ... ... 128 IY. — Chlorosplenium, Fries ... ... ... 146 V. — Belonidium, Mont, and Dur. ... ... 148 VI. — Helotium, Fries ... ... ... ... 152 VII. — Mollisia, Fries ... ... ... 171 Subgenus 1. — Niptera, Fckl. ... ... 172 2. — Pyrenopeziza, Fckl. ... 178 3.— Dilutella, Phil. ... ... 190 4.— Mollisiella, Phil. ... ... 193 5. — Hysteropeziza, Rabh. ... ... 197 6. — Pseudo-peziza, Fckl. ... 198 7. — Peristomealis, Phil. ... ... 201 Series II. — Yestit^e ... ... ... ... 201 VIII. — Lachnea, Fries ... ... ... ... 201 Subgenus 1. — Sarcoscypha, Fries ... 202 2. — Sepultaria, Cooke ... ... 208 3. — Pihizopodella, Cooke ... 216 4. — Scutellinia, Cooke ... ... 217 5. — Neottiella, Cooke... ... 229 IX. — Lachnella, Fries (in part) ... ... ... 230 (Section 1. — Stipitate.) Subgenus 1. — Dasj'scypha, Fries ... 231 (Section 2. — Sessile.) Subgenus 2. — Lachnella, Fries ... ... 255 3. — Fibrina, Fries ... ... 274 X. — Tapesia, Fries ... ... ... ... 276 XI. — Desmazierella, Lib. ... ... ... 283 XII. — Pirott^ea, Saccardo ... ... ... 284 contexts. xi Order III.— ASC0B0LE.E. Boud. PAGE Genus I. — Boudiera, Cooke ... ... ... ... 285 II. — Ascobolus, Pers. ... ... ... 286 III. — Saccobolus, Boud. ... ... ... ... 293 IV. — Thecotheus, Boud. ... .. ... 297 V. — Ryparobius, Boud. ... ... ... ... 298 VI. — Ascophanus, Boud. ... ... ... 303 Order IV.— BULGARIE.E. Fries. Genus I. — Bulgaria, Fries ... ... ... ... 314 II. — Vibrissea, Fries ... ... ... 316 III. — Stamnaria, Fckl. ... ... ... ... 321 IV. — Ombrophila, Fries ... ... ... 322 V. — Calloria, Fries ... ... ... ... 326 Order V.— DERMATE.E. Fries. Genus I. — Enccelia, Fries ... ... ... 336 II. — Dermatea, Fries ... ... ... ... 339 III. — Cenangium, Fries ... ... ... 314: IV. — Tyiipanis, Fries ... ... ... ... 351 V. — Crumenula, De Not. ... ... ... 356 VI. — Ephelis, Fries ... ... ... ... 358 Order VI.— PATELLARIACEiE. Fries. Genus I. — Patellaria, Fries ... ... ... 359 II. — Heterosphjsria, Grev. ... ... ... 371 HI. — Laquearia, Fries ... ... ... 372 Order VIL— STICTE^. Fries. Genus I. — Propolis, Fries ... ... ... ... 373 II. — Schmitzomia, Fries ... ... ... 378 III. — Stictis, Pers. ... ... ... ... 381 Xll CONTENTS. Order VIIL— PHACIDIACE.E. Fries. PAGE Genus L— Phacidium, Fries ... ... ... ... 387 II. — Trochila, Fries ... ... ... 396 III. — Stegia, Fries ... ... ... ... 398 Order IX.— GYMNOASCE.E. Barn. Genus I. — Ascomyces, Mont, and Dtsm. ... ... 399 Addenda ... ... ... ... 406 Glossary of Terms ... ... ... ... 411 Authors Quoted ... ... ... ... ... 42'2 Exsiccati Quoted ... ... ... ... ... 436 Description of Plates ... ... ... ... 439 General Index ... ... ... ... ... 447 ABBREVIATIONS. c.i. = cum icone, with a figure. I.e. = loco citato, in the place quoted. exs. = exsiccati, dried specimens. l* - the Greek mu, indicates micromillimetres, one of which = *001 mm. = 25^00 of an inch. ! denotes that the plant has been examined by the author, and seen from the localities named. A MANUAL OF THE BKITISH DISCOMYCETES, DISCOMYCETES. Fries. Receptacle cupulate, applanate, mitrate, stipitate, sessile, or immersed ; hymenium superior, more or less exposed; substance fleshy, waxy, gelatinous, or rarely cartilaginous; asci cylindrical or clavate, containing usually 8 sporidia (rarely 4, 16, 32, or more). Name — From %'htkoq, a disc, and ftu/ojc, a fungus. Order I.— HELVELLACEI. Fries. Receptacle vertical, stipitate, pileate, mitrate, or clavi- form ; bearing the hymenium on the upper surface, which is always exposed ; substance between fleshy and waxy, rarely gelatinous. Name — From the typical genus, Helvetia. Arrangement of the Genera. I. Morchella. Dill. II. Gyromitra. Fries. ITI. Helvella. Fries. IV. Verpa. Swartz. V. Leotia. Fries. VI. Mitrula. Fries. VII. Spathularia. Pers. VIII. Leptoglosmm. Cooke. IX. Geoglossum. P^rs. X. Rhizina. Fries. B BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Key to the Genera of Helvellacei. Pileus clavate Pileus spathulate Pileus capitate Pileus sessile and applanate 1. Hymenium confluent with the stem Hymenium and stem black Hymenium and stem brightly coloured Pileus covered with deep angular pits Pileus covered with deeply folded, undulating ribs Pileus nearly even Pileus deflexed, free, saddle-shaped Pileus deflexecl, free, conical Pileus globose or subclavate Pileus globose, margin revolute Pilous globose or subclavate, margin contiguous with tiio stem .. .. ,. . . . , . . Spa titular ia. 3 Rhizina. 2 Geoglossum. Leptoglossum Morchella. Gyromitra. 4 Helvetia. Verpa. 5 Leotia. Mitrula. Genus I. — Morchella. Dill. Receptacle stipitate, pileate, clavate, globose, or conical; clothed above by the deeply folded and pitted hymenium ; substance between waxy and fleshy; asci cylindrical; containing (in British species) 8 sporidia. (Plate I. fig. 1.) Large fungi, 2 to 10 inches high, growing on the ground in spring; firm, not soon decaying, with rather a pleasant odour, and esculent. The deep, angular pits on the hymenium readily distinguish them from their allies. JName — Latinized from the German Morchel. Arrangement of the Species. A. Pileus adnate at the base b. Pileus free at the base species 1-4 5-6 »> 1. 2. 3. 4. Key to the Species. Pileus adnate at the base . . . . . . , . Pileus partly free / Stem short \ Stem elongated . . r Pileus with primary longitudinal ribs and squarish pilS •• •• •• . • •• .. • . Pileus without primary longitudinal ribs, pits some- what pentagonal j Pileus subcorneal, brown \ Pileus subglobose, tawny / Stem very large and pruinose . . \ Stem smaller and nearly even . , 1 4 2 3 conica. esculent a. crassipes. Smithiana. gigas. semilibera. MORCHELI A PILEUS A.DNATE AT THE BASE. 1. MorcheUa escidenta. (Linn.") Pileus round, ovate, or oblong, adnate at the base to tlie Btem ; ribs firm, anastomosing, intervals forming pits; stem even; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 20 — 22 X lO/i; paraphyses filiform, slightly thickened above. (Plate I. fig. 1.) Phallus escvZentvs — Linn., " Suec," L262 ; SchaefT., 1. 199 ; Bolt., t. 91. MorcheUa esculenta — Pers., 1. c. ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 6 ; Tratt., " Essb. Schw.," p. 208, f. ee ; Harzer, t. 50; Favre-Guill., 47; Vitt., "Mang.," t. xiv. f. 5, xiii. f. 1-3; Lenz, figs. 64, 65; Rabh., " Krypt. Flo.," i. p. 382 ; Hussey, i. t. 13 ; Badham, t. 12, f. 6 ; Fries, " At. Sv.," t. 54; Cooke, "Handbk," p. 655, c. i. ; "Mycogr.," f. 312, 313; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 32; Quelet, "Champ.," pt. i. p. 382; Gill., "Champ," p. 15, c. i. Exsiccati — Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. i. 645, ed. ii. 181; Fckl, "F. Rh," 1243; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 139; Phil, "Elv. Brit," 1; Rav., "Fung. Car," i. 36; Rehm., "Asco," 501; Thum, " Mycoth. Univ.," 714; Ellis, "N. A. Fungi," 979. Odour faint, taste grateful. Stem rarely hollow, or, except in the young state, stuffed ; one inch long (but very variable) ; soft, white, squamulose on the surface ; not truly striate, sometimes equal, sometimes attenuate ; pileus more or less ovate, obtuse ; ribs frequently anas- tomosing, without transverse ribs ; but as regards form, magnitude, and colour, very variable (Fries, I. a). On the earth in spring and summer. Name — Escidentus, esculent. Blair Athol (Dr. Greville) ; Castle Rising, Norfolk ! Terrington, Norfolk (C. B. Plowright). Witchingham, Norfolk (Mr. F. Norgate). Fotheringhay (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Cambridge (Mr. J. Ball). Audley End (Rev. J. Leefe). Warwick (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Stainton, Cumberland ; Ambrose, Cumberland (Dr. Carlyle). 4 BEITISH DISCOMYCETES. Var. a. rotunda. Pers. Pers., "Syn. Fung," 6L9; Mich, t. 85, fig. 1. ; Gled, "Meth.," 61, t. 11, f. A (left-hand lower figure); Sow, t. 51 (left-hand figure); Grev, t. 68; Barla, t. 42, f. 1-7; Cooke, "Mycogr," f. 313; Gill, "Champ. Icon." Exs.— Thum, "Fung. Aus," 313. In woods and bushy places, chiefly in a sandy soil, Spring. Esculent. Colour whitish pallid ; when dry straw-coloured, or pale yellow. Name — Rotundus, round ; from the round pileus. Langholm, in Eskdale ; Lugton Wood, near Dalkeith ^Lightfoot). Banks of the river Almond at Foxhall (Capt. Wauch). North Wootton, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plow- right). Near Chislehurst (Mr. F. Currey). 2. Morchella conica. Pers. Pileus conical, terete, oblong, adnate at the base; primary ribs longitudinal, obtuse, secondary forming transverse folds ; pits elongated, narrow, plicato-lacunose ; stem subterete, cylindrical, whitish; asci cylindrical; sporidia elliptic, slightly oval, 20 x 12/z; paraphyses enlarged up w ards. Morchella esculenta, S conica — Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. 7. Morchella conica — Pers, " Comest," 257 ; Barla, t. 42, f. 8-10; Favre-Guill, 49; Kromb, t 16, f. 7-10; Sv, "Bot," t. 258; Cooke, "Mycogr," f. 315; Gill, "Champ," p. 17, c. i.; Pat, p. 69, f. 160. Morchella ceracea — Kromb, t. 16, f. 11, 12. Morchella continua — Tratt, "Austr," t. 6, f. 11. Morchella rigida — Kromb, t. 16, f. 13, t. 17, f. 1-2; Quelet, "Champ," pt. i. p. 381. Morchella acuminata — Kickx. ; Gill, "Champ," p. 17, c. i. On the ground. Esculent. Three to four inches high. Name — Conus, a cone ; from the cone-shaped pileus. Woods at Westbury, near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Near Mansfield, Notts. (Mr. F. Currey). Sluie, Scotland (Ptev. Dr. Jas. Keith). Forres, Scotland (Dr. M. C. Cooke). MORCIIELLA. 5 Var. a delidosa. Fries. Pileus subcylindrical, acute ; stem short; paraphyses slender. Morchella deliciosa — Fries, " Sys. Bffyco.," ii. 8 ; Cooke in " Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin.," x. pp. 440 ; " Mycogr.," f. 320 ; Kromb., t. xvi. f. 17-19 ; Quelet, "Champs.,' pt. i. p. 381 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 1C, c. i. Fungus cavernosas — Weinm, " Herb.," t. 553, f. 1. Morchella crispa — Kromb., " Schw.," t. 5, f. 25, 20. Yitt., " Mang," t. xiv. f. 6. Exs. — M. costata — Kze. and Schm., No. 193. [n grassy places. Spring. Esculent. Name — From the French delicieuse, on account of its flavour. Kinburn, St. Andrews, 1878 (Rev. M. L. Anderson). 3. Morchella crassipes. Pers. Pileus subconical, brown, adnate at the base ; ribs irregularly undulating, thick ; pits large, variable in form, deep, the bottom celluloso-plicate ; stem large, tall, incrassated at the base, lacunose, glabrous, somewhat flesh- coloured; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, yellowish, 24 X 12^u ; paraphyses barely enlarged upwards. Morchella crassipes — Pers. " Syn. Fung.," p. 621; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 9; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1939 ; Kromb, "Schw," t. 16, f. 1; Harzer, t. 78; Barla, t. 42, f. 11 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 319 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 16, c. i. Phallus crassipes — Yentenant, p. 509, f. 2. On the ground. Spring. Esculent. Attaining a height of 12 inches. Name — Crassus, thick, pes, a foot ; thick stemmed. Kingskerswell, near Newton Abbot, Devonshire (Miss L. C. Lott). Brockley Combe, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. PlowrighU. 4. Morchella Smithiana. Cooke. Pileus subglobose, tawny, adnate at the base ; ribs irregular, undulating, thick ; pits polymorphous, deep, 6 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. plicate at the bottom ; stem large, tall, thickened at the base, hollow, attenuated upwards, sulcate, tomentose, white or flesh-coloured ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia elliptic, even, 17 — 20 X 8 — 11// ; paraphyses slightly thickened above. In a hedgerow. Spring. Esculent. Morchella Smithiana — Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 318 ; " Grevillea," xii. 98. Morchella crassipes — Smith in Journal of Botany, 1868, t. 73. A fine, handsome species, reaching a height of 12 and a diameter of 7 inches. Name — After Mr. Worthington G. Smith. Kingerswell, Devon (W. G. Smith). Terrington St. Clements (C. B. Plowright). Malton, Yorkshire (Capt. Taylor). B. PILEUS FREE AT THE BASE. 5. Morchella gigas. Pers. Pileus conical, free at the base, which is somewhat undulate ; ribs longitudinal, anastomosing ; pits large, elongated, lacunose within; stem stout, long, enlarged downwards, sulcate, dirty white, covered with ferruginous squamules. hollow ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 22 — 27 X 12 — 16/x; paraphyses stout, septate, thickened at the summit. Morchella gigas — Pers., " Svn. Fung.," p. 619 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 11 ; Cooke, "Mycogr," fig. 328 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1921. Phallus squamosws — Ventenant, p. 511. Phallus gigas — Batsch, "El," 131. Phaloboletus esculentus — Mich, " Gen," t. 84, f. 1. Verpa speciosa— Vitt, " Mang.," t. 15, f. 6,7. Morchella pat ula — Tratt, " Essb. Schw," 173, t. FF. Mitrophora gigas —Lev, "Ann. Sc. Nat," 1846, p. 250; Gill, " Champ," p. 19, c. i. Exs.— Fckl, " F. Rh," 2089. On the earth in sandy places. Spring. A large species, attaining a height of 8 inches; the pileus is smoky brown, with prominent longitudinal ribs, MORCHELLA. 7 united by transverse ribs, the intervals forming irregular oblong pits ; the height varies from 2 to 3 inches, the width about 2\ inches ; the stem is hollow, about 1 inch wide at the top, and 2.1 inches at the bottom, sulcate, coated with rust-coloured squamules. It is said to be esculent. Name — ylyag, a giant ; from the large size. Coed Coch, North Wales (Mrs. Lloyd Wynn). North Wootton ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 6. Morchella semilibera. D. C. Pileus conical, free half-way up ; ribs longitudinaL forming oblong pits, which are veined within; stem nearly even; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 22 X 14/i ; paraphyses scarcely thickened above. Morchella semilibera— D. C, " Flo. Fr.," ii. 212 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 10; Vitt., "Mang," t. xiv. figs. 1-4; Cooke, "Mycogr," fig. 321; Quelet, "Champ.," pt. i. p. 381. Morchella patula— Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 1940 ? M. rete— Vers., " Myco. Eur.," i. 205. M. hybrida— Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 620 ; Grev., t. 89. Phallus rete — Batsch, " EL," p. 131. Phalloboletus esculentus — Mich., " Gen.," t. 84, f. 2. Helvella hybrida — Sow., " Fung.," t. 238. Phallus patulus—G\e±, " Meth.," 59. Mitro- phora semilibera — Lev., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1846, p. 250; Gill, " Champ.," p. 19, c. i. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ii. No. 361 ; " Erb. Crit. Ital.," i. 270, ii. 239 ; Rabh, " Fung. Eur.," 1417 ; Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," i. 424 ; Fckl, " F. Rh," 2088 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit," 51. On the ground. Spring. Esculent. From 2 J to 5 inches high ; pileus short (about 1 inch), rather acute, lutescent, when dry dirty fulvous ; stem whitish. Name — Semi, half, liber, free ; the pileus being free from the stem half-way up. King's Cliffe, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Foxhall (Capt. Wauch). Near Darlington (Mr. Robson). Badsey (Mr. Rufford). Richmond, Yorkshire (Rev 8 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. J. E. Leefe). Apethorpe, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Orcharclleigh, Somersetshire; Clifton Down, Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Wetherby, Yorkshire (Dr. H. F. Parsons). North Wootton, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Eaton Constantine, Salop ! (Mr. W. E. Beckwith). Genus II. — Gyromitra. Fries. Receptacle pileate, stipitate, deflexed, bullato-inflated, clothed above by the hymenium ; the ribs of the hyine- nium raised, gyrose, persistent ; substance fleshy ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic or elongate-elliptic, smooth (in British species) ; paraphyses linear. (Plate I. fig. 2.) On the earth. Spring. In the two British species the pileus is somewhat globose, supported by a short stout stem enlarged at the base. They are esculent, and very rare. Name — yvpbg, round, fiirpa, a turban ; from the shape of the pileus. Sporidia elliptic . . . . . . . . - . . . esculenta. Sporidia subfusiform . . . . . . . . . . gigas. 1. Gyromitra esculenta. Fries. Pileus inflated, irregularly undulated, gyroso-rugose, brown; margin annexed to the even villous stem; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblongo-elliptic, biguttulate, 20 X 10/x ; paraphyses thickened and brown above. (Plate I. fig. 2.) Gyromitra esculenta — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 346 ; Cooke, " Handbk. " No. 1842 ; "Mycogr.," fig. 328 ; Quelet, " Champ.," pt. i. p. 382. Helvetia esculenta — Pers., " Comm.," p. 64; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 16 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn," 33 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," 825 ; Badham, "Fung.," ii. t. 12, f. 3-5; Harzer, t. 47; Barla, t. 43, f. 12, 13; Lenz, fig. 59, 60. Elvela mitra — Schseff., " Icon.," t. 160, 161. Helvetia pfialloides — Afz., " Act. Holm," 1783, p. 303. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ii. 264 ; Rabh, " Fung HELVELT.A. 9 Eur.," 1416; Fckl., "F. Rh," 2087; Klotzsch, " H. M„" 138 ; Karst., « Fung. Fenn.," 526 ; Phil., "El v. Brit," 101. On the ground. Spring. Esculent. The form of the sporidia at once distinguishes this from the following species. In this, they are elliptical, and obtuse at the ends ; in that, subfusiform, and almost acute at the ends. The Rev. M. J. Berkeley says, " Gyromitra esculenta, though frequently eaten, is not always safe — a circum- stance which may depend rather on peculiarity of con- stitution than on any intrinsically deleterious property " (Intellectual Observer, 1866, p. 32). Name — Esculentus, esculent. Weybridge Heath, on sandy ground, April (Mr. F. Currey). Forres, Scotland ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 2. Gyromitra gigas. (Kromb.) Pileus large, lobed, undulato-plicate, or curled, pallid, whitish, or ochraceous ; lobes sub-adnate to the stem, adpressed, somewhat undulating ; stem thick, cellular, waxy, whitish, externally lacunose, subglabrous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, fusiform, 32 X 10 — 12/z ; paraphyses slightly enlarged above. Helvetia gigas — Kromb., " Schw.," iii. 28, t. 20, f. 1-5 ; Currey, " Linn. Trans./' xxiv. t. 25, f. 25 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1943; Quelet, "Champ," pt. i. p. 382. Gyromitra gigas — Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 327. On the ground. Esculent. Name — yiyag, a giant ; from the large size. Coed Coch, North Wales (Mrs. Lloyd Wynn). Black- heath Park (Mr. Frederick Currey). Genus III. — Helvella. Fries. Receptacle pileate, supported by the centre, deflexed, sub-inflated, sinuous, concave, and barren beneath, clothed above the margin by the hymenium ; hymenium even, persistent; stem always present, united to the 10 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. centre of the pileus, hollow or filled with a floccose medulla ; the adult pileus nritre-forru, compressed, lobate, dry, pruinose beneath ; substance waxy-membranaceous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, smooth ; paraphyses linear. (Plate I. fig. 3.) The species vary in size from 1 to 7 inches in height ; they are persistent, but fragile; their odour is not offensive. They grow on the ground or on wood, in spring and autumn. Most of them are reputed to be edible. Name — A Latin name used by Cicero to denote some kind of fundus. Arrangement of the Species. a. B. c. Stem stout, sulcate Stem stout, nearly even Stem slender, even Key to the Species 1. 5. 6. 7. Stem stout Stem slender ( Stem sulcate \ Stem nearly even ( Pileus mouse-colour -J Pileus black, cinereous, or fuliginous ^ Pileus brown ( Pileus pallid-white -! Pileus brown (_ Pileus cinereous . . f Pileus purplish brown -! Pileus spadicious ^Pileus ochraceous Pileus black v Pileus fuliginous f Pileus brown, stem not tomentose \ Pileus brown, stem tomentose . . J Stem fistulose \ Stem stuffed ( species 1-4 „ 5-7 „ 8-11 1 2 3 4 elnstica. 5 6 crispa. subcostata. 7 infula. monachella. guepinioides. atra. pulla. Klotzschiana. ephippiuiu. lacunosa. sulcata. A. STEM STOUT, SULCATE. 1. Helvetia crispa. Fries. Pileus deflexed, lobed, free, crisped, pallid ; stem fistulose, costato-lacunose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia S} elliptic, 18 X 9jli; paraphyses filiform. UELVELLA. 11 Helvetia crispa — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 14; Berk., " Outl," t. 21, fig. 4; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1944; Grev., t. 143; Yitt., " Mang.," t. 31, f. 1 ; Lenz, fig. 57; Badham, t. v. f. 1 ; Barla, t. 43, f. 1-5 ; Price, " Illus.," £. 57 ; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 159; Quelet, "Champ.," pt. i. p. 383; Gill., " Champ.," p. 8, c. i. ; Pat., p. 120, f. 270. H m tiro— Purt, " Midi. Flo," iii. t. 16 ; Bull, t. 466, f. A. H. leuco- phosa — Tratt, "Austr," f. 36. Exs.— Fold, "F. Rh," 1242; Berk, "Brit. Fung," No. 264 ; " Erb. Crit. Ital," i. 464 ; Rabh, " Fung. Eur," 239; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," i. 555, ed. ii. No. 541. Phil, " Elv. Brit," 102. On the ground. Autumn. Esculent. Solitary, large, 3 to 5 inches high ; at first sight glabrous. Stem snow-white, becoming yellow in drying, stout, ventricose downwards, sulcato-costate, and lacu- nose ; ribs plane fistulose ; the dissected stem composed of many distinct tubes. Pileus deflexed, inflated, lobed ; at first the margin is adnate to the stem, afterwards free, undulate, sinuato-contorted, and crisped. Esculent, savoury (Fries, I. a). Name — Crispus, curled, wrinkled ; from the wrinkled pileus. King's Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Kew Gardens (Sir Joseph Hooker). Beggar's Bush Lane and Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Hampstead, Din- more, Herefordshire, Epping Forest, and Lyndhurst (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Blackford Bridge, Woodside, and around Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). About Shrewsbury and Hereford 1 3. Helvetia lacunosa. Afz. Pileus inflated, lobed, cinereous-black ; lobes deflexed, adnate ; stem fistulose, costate-lacunose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 X 10/x ; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged above. (Plate I. fig. 3.) Helvetia lacunosa — Afz. in "Act. Holm," 1783, p. 304 ; Klotzsch, " Flo. Bor," t. 383 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 15; Holms, "Ot.," p. 45, t. 24; Cooke, "Handbk," 12 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. No. 1945; " Mycogr.," fig. 160; Weberb, t. 5, f. 2; Leii2 fig. 58; Barla, t. 43, f. 6-11; Quelet, "Champ.," pt. i p. 383; Gill., "Champ.," p. 10, c. i.; Pat., p. 120, f. 271 H. mitra— Bull., t. 190, t. 466, f. B; Grev., t. 36. H nigra — Berg., " Phyt.," t. 1 47. Elvella mitra — " Flo. Dan.," t. 116. E. nigricans — Schgeff., "Icon.," t. 154. Exs.— "Erb. Crit. Ital," i. 465; Welw., "Crypt. Lusit," 56 ; Berk., " Brit. Fung," No. 265 ; Fckl, " F. Rh," No. 1241 ; Rabh, "Fung. Eur.," 1810. On the ground in woods, especially on burnt soil. Spring and autumn. Esculent. Differs from the preceding, for a variety of which il may easily be taken, by the more regular pileus, 2 to 4 lobed, scarcely laciniate, lobes later becoming free, and especially by the colour. The stature generally smaller, afterwards becomes equally as tall as Helvetia mitra, g. "pratensis A. and S. Although, therefore, acute characters are wanting in nature, it is constant ; it is also inferior in cooking (Fries, I. a). Name — Lacunosus, full of holes; from the pitted pileus. Edgbaston (Withering). Edinburgh (Dr. Greville). Near Hereford ! General Cemetery, Shrewsbury ! King's Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bungay (D. Stock). North of Ireland (Templeton). Around Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Hit chin (Prof. Henslow). Reading and Epping Forest, where it is plentiful and very fine (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Castle Rising and Sandringham, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 3. Helvetia sulcata. Afz. Pileus deflexed, lobed, adnate ; stem stuffed, furrowed with equal ribs ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia elliptic, uni- guttulate, 20x10 — 12/x; paraphyses linear, septate, thickened and brown above. Helvetia sulcata — Afz. in " Yet. Ac. Handbk," 1783, p. 304; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 764, 1152; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1946 ; " Mycogr.," fig. 161 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 15; Quelet, "Champ.," pt. i. p. 383; HELVELLA. 13 Gill, " Champ," p. 10, c. i. ; Pat, p. 121, f. 272. H. mona- chella — Thum, " Fung. Aus," No. 11. Exs. — Thum., "Fung. Aus," No. 11 ; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 1209. On the ground in woods. Autumn. Esculent ? Solitary, rarely gregarious, totally glabrous, certainly distinct from the preceding. Stem stuffed, 2 inches long, 4 to 5 lines thick, terete, attenuated upwards, ploughed by deep longitudinal furrows; ribs slender, solid, not lacunoso- tistulose, as in the preceding; pileus deflexed, equally 2 to 3 lobed, compressed, even, when dry darker, sides of the interior adnate to the stem (Fries, I. c). Name — Sulcatus, made in furrows ; from the furrowed pileus. Andover (B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 764). Glamis, Scotland (Rev. J. Stevenson). Bowwood (Mr. 0. E. Broome). Near Hereford ! New Pitsligo, Scotland (Rev. J. Fergusson). Kew Gardens (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 4. Helvetia subcostata. Cooke. Pileus deflexed, free, sublobate, even, the under side paler, ribbed, and veined; stern equal, longitudinally ribbed; asci cylindrical; sporidia elliptic, obtuse, uniguttu- late,18 — 20 x lO^u; paraphyses thickened and brown above. Helvetia costata — Afz. in " Herb. Berk." (non Schweinitz). Pileus 2J inches broad ; stem 2^ inches long. The under side of the pileus has branching ribs, and is quite free from the stem. Name — Sub, somewhat, costatus, ribbed ; from the somewhat ribbed pileus. Glamis, Hunter's Hill (Rev. J. Stevenson). Andover (1856, "Herb. Berk."). B. STEM STOUT, NEARLY EVEN. 5. Helvetia infula. Schreff. Pileus lobate, deflexed, even; margin adhering very closely to the stem, at length undulate, subcinnamo- 14 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. meous ; stem enlarged upwards, stuffed, then hollow, smooth, often here and there irregularly lacunose, pallid, slightly villous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 23 — 25 X 12/i ; paraphyses clavate at the apices, brown. Helvetia infula — Schseff, t. 159; Pers., " Syn. Fung.," f. 617; A. and S., p. 300; Karst, "Myco. Fenn.," p. 34; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 17 (part) ; Barla, t. 43, f. 14-16 ; Lenz, f. 61 ; Quelet, " Champ.," pt. i. p. 383 ; " Scott. Nat.," vi. 122. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 445; "Erb. Crit. Ital.," i. 330; Roumg, "Fung. Gal," 1208. Phil, "Elv. Brit," 151. On the ground in woods. Autumn. The Brandon specimens were very variable in form and size : pileus sometimes nearly globose, bullate, and wrrinkled, at others expanded, and unequally lobed at the margin ; the stem attenuated upwards or in the centre ; varying in height from 3 to 7 inches ; the para- physes branched, septate, pyriform at the apices ; sporidia furnished with two large guttulse, 18 — 22 X 8jk. Probably esculent. Name — Infula, fillet ; from the shape of the pileus. Rothimurchus, Scotland, and Brandon, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 6. Helvetia monachella. Fries. Pileus deflexed, lobate, adnate, even, subspadiceous ; stem hollow, even, glabrous, white ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 X 10/x; paraphyses clavate, and brown apices. Helvetia monachella — Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 18 ; Kromb, t. xix. f. 22-26; Lenz, fig. 62; Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 335 ; Quelet, " Champ," pt. i. p. 383 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 10, c. i. M. monacella — " Port. Hist," x. c. 70. Fungoides — Mich, " Gen," t. 86, f. 8. Boletus albus — Batt, t. 2, f. h. Phallus monachella — Scop, p. 476. j3. Helvetia spadicea — Schasff, t. 283 ; Pers, " Comm," p. 113. H. grandis—Cum., "Act, Tur," t. 2. Exs.— Thum, " Fung. Aus," No. 11. IIKLVELI.A. 15 On sandy ground in mountain woods. Spring and autumn. Esculent (?). Nearest to the preceding, hut well distinguished hy the adduced forms and vernal growth. Stem 1 to 2 inches long, attenuated upwards, scarcely J an inch thick; at first round, then subcompressed, marked towards the base by a lacuna. Pileus at length crisped and undulate; variable in colour — brown spadiceous, violaceous, nigresceous, etc. (Fries, I. &). Name — Monachv.8, a monk ; diminutive. Old Roar Wood, St. Leonards (Mr. F. Currey, in " Kew Herb."). 7. Helvetia guepinioides. Berk, and Cooke. Pileus entire, deflexed, free, ochraceous; stem elon- gated, equal, even, hollow, whitish ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 20 X 11/u; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Helvetia guepinioides. Berk, and Cooke in " Herb Berk." ; " Mycogr.," fig. 337 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 12, c. i. On the ground. Edible (?). "A very singular species, resembling a Guepinia; hence the name " (Cooke). Name — Guepinia, a genus of fungi, c«Soc, likeness ; Guepinia-like. C. STEM SLENDER, EVEN. (a) Externally pruinose, furfuraceous, or glabrous. 8. Helvetia elastica. Bull. Pileus free, even, inflated, at length acutely lobed; stem elongated, slender, attenuated upwards, pruinose ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 20 X 10 — 11/x; para- physes filiform, slightly enlarged above. Helvetia elastica— -Bull., "Champ," p. 289, t. 242; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 21 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1947 ; " Mycogr," fig. 163 ; Kromb, t. 21, f. 21 ; Karst, "Myco. Fenn," p. 35; Fckl, " Symb. Myco," p. 333; Quelet, 16 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. " Champ," pt. i. p. 384 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 13, c. i. ; Pat, p. 40, f. 100. H. Icevis—Barg., "Phyt," t. 149. a. albida. H. albida— Pers. " Syn. Fung," p. 616; " Obs. Myco," i. p. 71; Schum, " Saell," ii. p. 411. b. pallide fuliginea. H.fuliginosa — Dicks, "Crypt," ii. p. 25; Sow, t. 154; With, " Arr," iv. p. 341 ; Schaaff, t. 220. c. fusca— Bull, I. c. Exs.— "Erb. Crit. Ital," 233 ; Desm, " Crypt, Fr," i. 425 ; Berk, " Brit. Fung," 266 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," i. 233; Fckl, "F. Rh," 137. Slender, 3 to 4 inches high, elastic, pellucid. Stem when young stuffed, becoming fistulose, base incrassated, often irregularly lacunose. Pileus hardly an inch broad, 2 to 3 lobed, frequently orbicular (Fries, I. &). Much resembling in some of its forms Peziza macropus. On the ground in moist places in shady woods. Summer and autumn. Name — From the French elastique. Near Halifax (Bolton). Birdbrooke, Essex (Mr. T. Walford). Madingley (Relham). Hirsel Woods, Berwick- shire (Miss Bell). Ragley Woods, near Pophills, Alcester (Purton). Bungay (D. Stock). Milton, Northampton- shire ; Beading ; Coed Coch, North Wales ; Linlithgow (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Moncreiffe, Scotland (Rev. J. Stevenson). Rackheath and Colney, Norfolk (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Epping Forest (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Blackford Bridge, Cumberland (Dr. Carlyle). Woods near Hereford ! Wrekin, Salop ! Sufton Court ! Forrest Walk, Dolgelly ! Bomere, near Shrewsbury ! 9. Helvetia atra. Konig. Fuliginous-black; pileus deflexed, adpressed on both sides, free, even beneath ; stem stuffed, furfuraceo-villous; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 17 X 8/x ; paraphyses slightly thickened at the apices. Helvella atra — Konig, " Zcega. Flo. Isl," 20 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. 19; Holms, " Ot," ii. t. 25; Kromb, HELVELLA. 17 "Schw.," t. 21, f. 18-20; Cooke, "Mycogr," f. 167; " Grevillea," vi. p. 127; Quelet, "Champ.," pt. i. p. 384; Gill., "Champ.," p. 11, c. i. Helvetia nigrescens — Pers., "Syn. Fung.," p. 617; " Obs. Myco.," i. 71. Elvela atra —"Flo. Dan," t. 534, f. 1. Exs.— Rabh, "Fung. Eur.," 236 ; Fckl, ■ F. Rh," 1238. In moist woods. Summer and autumn. Solitary, small, similar to H. infula. Stem 1 to 2 inches long, 1 to 2 lines thick, somewhat terete, even or irregularly lacunose, black, olivaceo-cinereous at the base. Pileus deflexed even from the first, not pezizoide (as in H. Pezizoides), compressed, margin forming two lobes, even, becoming slightly repand underneath, and when dry approaching an ashy grey (Fries, I. a). Name — Ater, black ; from the black pileus. Aviemor, Loch Killein, and Loch Laggan, Scotland (Dr. B. White). 10. Helvella pulla. Holms. Pileus deflexed, free, lobed, undulated, fuliginous, underneath and also the middle of the stem nearly naked ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 16 — 18 X 13/x; paraphyses thickened above. Helvella pulla — Holms., t. 26 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 20; Cooke, "Mycogr," fig. 338. H. cinerea—Vi\\. " Delph," p. 1045. Fungoides pullum — Mich, " Gen.," t. 86, f. 9. On moist ground in woods ; sometimes on old rotting trunks of trees. Summer and autumn. Esculent (?). Medium size. Stem 2 inches long or a little more, terete, somewhat undulated, stuffed, but at length as usual fistulose, fuliginous, base often irregularly lacunose. Pileus 1 to 1J inches broad, lobes deflexed, kidney- shaped, broadly emarginate, when young even, com- pressed ; at length inflated and more undulated than most of the Pezizoides (Fries, I. a). Name — Pidlus, blackish ; from the blackish pileus. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). c 18 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 11. Helvetia Klotzschiana. Corda. Pileus nearly two-lobed, deflexed, membranaceous, even, opaque, brown, margin repand, even beneath, and yellowish ; stem slender, subcylindrical, pale yellow, clear white within ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, uniguttulate, 12 — 14 X Q/u; paraphyses clavate, with brown apices. Helvetia Klotzschiana — Corda in Sturm., "Flo.," iii. t. 57; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 168; " GrevilJea," x. p. 51. Helvetia, elastica — Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," No. 130. Exs.— "Erb. Crit. Ital.," i. 137; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 130. Easily known by the yellow stem and under side of the pileus. Name — After J. H. Klotzsch. In the Fernery, Coed Coch, North Wales (Mrs Lloyd Wynn). (b) Externally villose. 12. Helvetia ephipiDium. Lev. Pileus deflexed, two to three lobed, free, cinereous villose beneath ; stem cylindrical, even, villose, stuffed ; Hsci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 X 10^; paraphyses thickened and filled with brown granules in the upper part. Helvetia cphippiwrn — Lev., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1841, p. 240, t. 16, f. 7; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 552; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1948; " Mycogr.," fig. 169; Gill., "Champ.," p. 13, c. i. ; Pat., p. 168, f. 370. Exs.— Winter, "Fungi Eur," 1907. Gregarious ; smaller than most of the species, rarely exceeding 1 inch high ; somewhat resembling H. elastica in a young state, but more velvety on the stem and under side of the pileus. On the ground in woods. Summer and autumn. Esculent (?). " VERPA. 19 Name — tyunriogy belonging to a horse; from the saddle-shaped pileus. King's Cliffe and Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Sufton Court, Here- fordshire ! Thuxton, Herefordshire ! Wrekin, Salop ! Coed Coch, North Wales. Genus IV. — Verpa. Swartz. Receptacle clavato-pileate, supported in the centre, equally deflexed all round, conical, concave beneath, free, entirely clothed above with the hymenium ; hyme- nium even or wrinkled, not ribbed, persistent ; substance fleshy — membranaceous; stem always present, hollow, nearly distinct from the pileus ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic ; paraphyses filiform. (Plate I. fig. 4.) The pileus in this genus is conical, neither inflated nor lobate, nearly even, with the margin pressed to the stem, but free (Cooke, "Mycogr," p. 215). Name — Verpa, a Latin word synonymous with Three species .. .» . . .. .. .. 1-3 Key to the Species. Pileus obtuse at the summit . . . . . . . . (licjitaliformis. Pileus subacute at the summit . . . . 1 . (Stem yellow, eqiial . . . . . . . . . . conica. ' (Stem rufus, ventricose . . . . . . . . . . rufipes. 1. Verpa digitaliformis. Pers. Pileus campanulate, finger-shaped, rugulose, umber; stem equal, transversely squamulose; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 23 — 25 X 20/x; paraphyses septate, clavate above, brown, granular within. Verpa digitaliformis — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," 202, t. 7, f. 1.-3; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 24;' Cooke, "Handbk." No. 1949; "Mycogr," fig. 364; Berk, "Outl.," t. 21, f . 6 ; Corcla in Sturm, " Flo." t. 7, f. 6 ; Payer, fig. 380 ; Vitt, Mang," 1. 15, f. 1-3 ; Barla, t. 44, f. 1-6 ; Quelet, " Champ," pt. i. p. 380 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 20, c. i. 20 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Exs.— Klotzsch, "Myco. Eur.," 1629; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 1113; "Erb. Crit. Ital.," ii. 340. On hedge-banks. Spring. Pileus at first nearly even, olivaceous-umber, dark at the apex. Stem obese, furnished at the base with a few subrufous radicles, white, with a slight rufous tinge marked, with transverse rufous spots ; smooth to the naked eye, but under a lens clothed with fine adpressed flocci, the rupture of which gives rise to the spots, which are, in fact, minute scales. In the mature plant the pileus is | of an inch high, campanulate, digitaliform, or subglobose, more or less closely pressed to the stem, but always free, the edge sometimes inflexed so as to form a white border, wrinkled, but not reticulated, under side slightly pubescent ; sporidia yellowish, elliptic ; stem 3 inches high, J an inch or more thick, slightly attenuated downwards, loosely stuffed, by no means hollow (" Eng. Flo."). Name — Digitate, a finger-stall, and forma, form ; from the shape of the pileus. 2. Verpa rufipes (nov. sp.). Phil. Pileus conical, rugulose, sublobate, umber, whitish and tomentose beneath ; stem ventricose, rufus, squamulose, stuffed ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, faintly coloured, 22 X 13yit; paraphyses filiform, sub-equal, sep- tate. (Plate I. fig. 4.) Verpa digitaliformis — Phil, in " Elv. Brit.," exs. No. 52. On hedge-banks. Spring. The pileus is thin, wrinkled, dark umber, and stands well away from the stem ; it is nearly white on the under side. The stem is much slenderer at the top than below, and is tinged within, at the base, with the rufus colour of the outside. Height about 1 J inches ; broadest part of stem f of an inch ; pileus § of an inch high. This is intermediate between conica and digitaliformis. Name — Rufus, reddish, pes, a foot ; from the colour of the stem. LEOTIA. 21 Temngton St. Clement's, and North Wootton ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 3. Verpa conica. Swartz. Pileus campanulate, nearly even, brown, margin sub- sinuate, yellow beneath, as well as the equal stem ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic. Verpa conica — Swartz, " Vet. Ac. Handl.," p. 136 ; Pers, " Myco. Eur.," p. 204 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 24 ; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 185; Berk., " Outl.," p. 359; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1950; Gill., "Champ.," p. 21. Phallus conicus—" Flo. Dan," t. 654 ; Timm, " Megap.," p. 263. Leutia conica — Pers, " Syn. Fung," p. 613. Helvetia Relhani — Sow, t. 11. On the earth on heaths. Stem 1 to 2 inches long, even, round, fistulose, slenderer than in V. digitaliformis. Pileus slightly fleshy, cam- panulate (Fries). I have seen no specimen of this, but the characters are so marked that it must be retained. Name — Conus, a cone ; from the shape of the pileus. Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgeshire (Relhan). Doubtfully recorded. Verpa speciosa — Yitt, " Mang," p. 120, t. xv. figs. 5-8; "Grevillea," x. p. 51. Berkeley and Broome record this doubtfully from Coed Coch, in "Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist," No. 1922, as follows : — " Agreeing in size and colour with Vittadini's figure ; but the sporidia are not oblong, so that there is some doubt about the species." Genus V. — Leotia. Hill. Receptacle pileate, supported in the centre, orbicular, spreading, revolute at the margin, clothed above and at the margin with the hymenium ; hymenium confluent, undulated or even, persistent ; asci fixed, clavate-cylin- 22 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. drical ; sporidia 8, oblong, oblong-fusiform or filiform ; paraphyses slender. (Plate II. fig. 5.) Stem always present, distinct, wholly diffused into the receptacle. Pileus somewhat irregular, always free from the stem, convex, gradually depressed, tumid, viscous when bearing fruit, soft, margin repand. Sub- stance fleshy, soft, somewhat tremellose. Gregarious, terrestrial, medium sized, occurring in summer and autumn ; without odour, and insipid ; not edible (vide Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 25). Name — Supposed to be from Xaorrjc, smoothness. Arrangement of the Species. a. Eu-Leotia . . . . . . . . . . species 1-2 b. Cudonia . . . . . . . . » . „ 3-4 Key to the Species. Sporidia filiform . . . . . . . . . . ... circinans. Sporidia fusiform . . . . . . . . 1 , (Not exceeding 1 inch in height, stem filiform . . acicularis. ' \One to two inches in height, stem stout . . . 2 o (Pileus yellowish green . . . . . . . . . . lubrica. ' (Pileus dark asruginous green . . . . . . . . chlorocephala. A. EU-LEOTIA. 1. Leotia lubrica. Pers. Gregarious, somewhat csespitose, tremellose ; pileus tumid, repand, yellow-olivaceous-green; stem at length hollow, nearly equal, yellow ; asci nearly cylindrical ; sporidia 8, narrowly elliptic, 25 X 8/x; paraphyses fili- form. Leotia lubrica — Pers., "Syn. Fung.," p. 613; Pers., " Myco. Eur.," t. ix. ; Fries, " Sys. Myco./' ii. 29 ; Berk. " Outl.," t. 22, f. 1 ; Grev., " Sc. Crypt. Flo.," t. 56 ; Cooke "Handbk," No. 1964, fig. 327; " Mycogr.," fig. 171 Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," 26 : Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 284 Sacc, "Myco. Yen. Sp.," p. 162; Kickx., "Flo. Flan.," i p. 500; Crouan, "Flo. Fin./' p. 59; Quelet, "Champ./ pt. i. p. 379. LEOTIA. 23 Leotia gelatinosa — Hill., "Hist.," 43. Elvela Vubrica —Scop., " Cam./' ii. 477. Helvetia Vwtea — Berg., " Phyt,," i. t. 151. II gelatinosa— Bull, "Champ.," p. 296, t. 470, f. 2 ; Sow., " Fung.," t. 70. Exs.— Karst, " Fung. Fenn," 461; Schm. and Kze., 224 ; " Erb. Crit, ItaL," i. 45 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," i. 231 ; Moug. and Nest., 583; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 714; Rabh., " Herb. Myco.," 29 ; Fckl, "F. Rh.," 1138 ; Rav., vi. No. 77 ; Berk., " Brit. Fung.," 255 ; Rehni., " Asco.," 101 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur.," 2405 and 2509 ; Roumg., " Fung. Gal," 71^ ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 136. On the ground in woods. Summer and autumn. Not edible. Stem from 1 to 2 inches long, granular with minute squamules ; at first pulpy within, then hollow. Name — Lubricus, slimy. Cambridgeshire (Relham). Balmuto, Scotland (Miss Boswell). Appin (Capt. Carmichael). Foxhall (Capt. Wauch). Anglesea (Rev. Hugh Davies). King's Chile, Penzance, Bungay, Aberystwith, Wicklow, Crundale (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Little Malvern (Mr. Edwin Lees). North of Ireland (Templeton). Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Shere (Dr. Capron). North Wootton, Castle Rising (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Epping Forest (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Wrekin, Salop ! woods near Hereford ! 2. Leotia chlorocephala. Schw. Crespitose ; pileus globose, very glabrous, nearly pellucid, aeruginous green ; stem very long, twisted, powdered ; asci clavato-cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusi- form, curved, 3-guttulate, 20 — 22 X o/ul ; paraphyses fili- form. Schw, " Syn.," p. 33 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 30 ; Berk, and Curt, "Grevillea," iii. p. 149; Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 174; B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1985; " Grevillea," xi. p. 15. Variable in size, reaching 4 inches in height ; the 24 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. p ileus and stem dark aeruginous green. The Rev, M. J. Berkeley says the tint of green is so dark that it is nearly black. On the ground. Not edible. Name — yAwpoc, green, ke^oX?), a head. Hampshire (Miss Broad wood). Form Stevensoni. Berk. Short, densely caaspitose ; pileus and stem green. B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1827. Steven., " Myco. Scot," p. 297. On damp ground in woods. Name — After the Rev. John Stevenson. Glamis, Hunter's Hill (Rev. J. Stevenson). B. cudonia. Fries. 3. Leotia, circinans. Pers. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, or arranged in circles; pileus fleshy, convex, afterwards undulate; margin involute, nerves underneath running down into the stem ; stem fistulose, somewhat powdery; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, linear, cylindrical, or clavate, straight or curved, multi-guttulate, 50 — 60 X %ja ; paraphyses filiform, curved at the apices. (Plate II. fig. 5.) Leotia circinans — Pers, " Coram," p. 31 ; " Icon, et Descr," p. 16, t. 5. figs. 5-7 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco,"ii. p. 27 ; Steven, "Myco. Scot," p. 297; Cooke, " Mycogr," f. 172. Cudonia circinans — Fckl, " Symb. Myco," 332 ; Karst, "Myco. Fenn," p. 25 Leotia gracilis — Pers, "Myco. Eur," i. 198. Helot circinans — Swartz, " Vet. Ac. Handl," 1812, p. 15. Helvetia revoluta—Wshl, " Ups," p. 464 Leotia lutea — Peck (sub. Vibrissea) in "Reports New York Museum"; Cooke in "Bullet. Buff. S. N. So," 1875. Cudonia circinans — Quelet, " Champ," pt. ii. p. 380, Exs.— Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 153; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," 38, 312; Fckl, " F. Rh," No. 1139. LEOTIA. 25 On the ground in fir woods. Autumn. Not edible. Named from its habit of growing in circles. The pileus is of a soft fleshy consistence, somewhat rotund, at times much undulated, variable in colour with ao-e and dryness, pallid-yellow, sometimes with a fleshy tinge; stem 1 to 2 inches high, J of an inch thick, crooked, often sulcate, solid or tistulose, expanding up- wards into the pileus. Name — Circino, to make round ; from prowino- in rings. Forres, Scotland ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Aviemore, Scot- land ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Glamis, Crane's Hill, Scot- land ! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Menmuir, Scotland (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 4. Leotia acicularis. Pers. Gregarious or scattered, small, milk-white ; pileus waxy, fragile, undulate-convex, margin straight, under side granulose ; stem simple or branched, *" becoming crooked, discoloured ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, biguttulate, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 25 — 28 X 4ju ; paraphyses filiform. Leotia acicularis — Pers., " Obs.," ii. p. 20, t. 5, fig. 1 ; t. 6, figs. 1, 2. Fungus minimus — Ray., "Syn," p. 12 ; " Hist.," iii. p. 24. Helvetia acicularis— Bull, " Champ.," p. 296, t. 473, f. 1 Helvetia agariciformis — Bolt., " Fung.," t. 98, f. 1 ; Sow., " Fung.," t. 57. Helotium aciculare— Pers, " Syn. Fung.," 677 ; " Myco. Eur," 343 : Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 156; A. and S, 349. Peziza acicularis — "Eng. Flo," v. p. 208, Berk, "OutL," 371, Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2129; Steven., "Myco. Scot," p. 328. Guclonia Queleiii— Fries, "Icon. Select," fas. vi. ; Quelet, " Champ," pt, i. p. 380 , Gill, " Champ," p. 23; c. i. Leotia Queletii— Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 369. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," No. 400 ; Roiling, « Fung. Gal," 1210. * S On decayed stumps of trees, near the ground. Autumn. Varying from J an inch to 1 inch or more high, 26 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES- white, pallid, or rufescent ; the pileus at first plane, with a slight depression in the centre, then convex, the margin sometimes undulating, but generally straight ; the stem slender, bent, occasionally branched. Name — Acicula, a small pin ; from its form. Near Halifax (Bolton). Pophills (Mrs. Rufford). Appin (Capt. Carmichael). Homstock Wood, King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Attingham Park, Salop ! Almond Park, Salop ! Ercall Hill, Salop ! Doubtful Species. Leotia ndna — With, (dwarf Leotia). Small; pileus lobed, rugose, white, even beneath, and brown; stem stuffed, cylindrical, white. Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 28 ; With., iv. p. 296. Amongst moss, on a shady bank. Pendarvis, Cornwall (Mr. Stackhouse). " Pileus snowy-white, leathery, hard, crumpled and deflected in various forms, smooth and brown under- neath, about j^q of an. inch over ; stem white, solid, smooth, not at all wrinkled, J of an iDch high, thick as a crow-quill " (With., I. a). This was included in Berkeley's " Outlines," but ex- cluded from Cooke's " Handbook." It is placed here on the chance of some plant being discovered answering to the description. Genus VI. — Mitrula. Fries. Receptacle globose or oval, even, immarginate, concrete with the stem ; substance fleshy ; asci cylindrical, or somewhat clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, hyaline. (Plate II. % 6.) Small slender plants, of which there are but six species (now that Dr. Cooke has created the genus Leploglossum), four of which are British, and are dis- tinguished from Leotia by having no decided margin to the receptacle, from Leptoglossum by the broader and shorter capitulum, and from Spathulaiia by the capitu- lum not being compressed. MITHULA. 27 On decaying vegetable matter on the ground in damp places. Spring and autumn. Whether edible or not is unknown. Name — Diminutive of /uirpa, a little mitre. Three species . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Key to the Species. Totally white . . . . . . . . . . . . alba. Stem paler than the pileus . . . . . . . . palurlosa. Stern as dark or darker than the pileus . . . . cucullata. 1. Mitrula cucullata (Batsch). Fries. Head ovate or conical, even, nearly ferruginous ; stem filiform, flexuous, brown, approaching black, glabrous, or tomentose downwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform, bi- or tri-guttulate, 12 X 3/z ; para- physes filiform. Elvella cucullata — Batsch., "EL," f. 152. Mitrula cucullata — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.;'' 347 ; Berk., "Outl.," 360; Cooke, " Handbk.," 1951; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 28; Fckl., " Svmb. Myco.," p. 332; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 176; Quelet, "Champ.," pt. 1, p. 378; Gill., " Champ.," p. 27, c. i. Mitrula (Hcyderia) abietis — Fries, "Sys. Myco.," i. p. 493. M. Heyderi — Pers., "Disp.," 56, t. 3, f. 12; "Flo. Dan.," t. 1670, f. 2. M. Pusilla — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," i. p. 493. Leotia mitrula —Pers., "Syn. Fung.," 611 ; " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 199; A. and S., 295; Grev., "Flo. E lin.," p. 416; "Sc. Crvpt. Flo.," t. 81. L. 2msilla—Nees, " Sys.," p. 173, 1. 17, f. 160. Geoglossum cuadlatum — Fries, " Elench.," i. 233 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. 179. Clavaria fcrruginea — Sow., t. 84. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," i. 1155 ; " Erb. Crit. Ital.," i. 466 ; Rabh., " Funp;. Eur.," 37, 669 ; Kze. and Schm., 98 ; Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1237; Wartm. and Sch., 431; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 233 ; Berk, " Brit. Fung.," 254 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit.," No. 53; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 447; Roumg., " Fung. Gal.," 713. On decaying pine-leaves. Autumn. A small plant, not more than 2 inches high, very slender, gregarious. The head varies in form, being ovate, 28 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. globose, subclavate, or conical, of a yellowish reel or pale cinnamon colour, and fleshy texture ; the stem is rather firm, darker in colour than the head, even, solid, and flexuous. Name — Cucullus, a hood; from the shape of the pileus. Balmuto, Scotland (Miss Boswell). Near Norwich (Sowerby). Bungay (D. Stock). Wiltshire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Joydens Wood (Mr. F. Currey). Linlithgow ; Hunslow, Middlesex (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Wrekin, Salop ! Penicuick, near Edinburgh ! 2. Mitrula pedudosa. Fries. Head ovate, obtuse, inflated, even, yellow or orange yellow ; stem rather slender, straight or fiexous, hollow, paler than the head; asci subcylindrical ; sporidia 8, nearly fusiform, 12 — 14 X 3'5/j. ; paraphyses filiform. (Plate II. fig. 6.) Mitrula pedudosa — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," i. 491 ; " Summa Veg. Scan.," 346 ; " Eng. Bot./' v. p. 180 ; Berk., "Outl." p. 360; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1952; Huss., "Myco.," i. t. 9; Karst, "Myco. Fenn," p. 28; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," 332 ; Kickx, " Flo. Flan.," i. 501 ; Crouan, "Flo. Fin.," 58; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 175; Quelet, " Champ.," pt. i. p. 378 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 27, c. i. ; Pat., p. 39, f. 97 (spor. bad). Clavaria phalloides — Bull., " Champ.," t. 465, f. 3. C. epiphylla — Dicks., " Crypt.," t. 3, f. 10. Leotia Ludivigii — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," t. 3, f. 13. L. Dicksonii, L. Bidliardi, L. laricina — Pers , "Syn. Fung.," 612. L. uliginosa — Grev., "Sc. Crypt. Flo.," t, 312; Pers., "Myco. Eur," i. 200. Exs.— Klotzsch, " H. M.," 238 ; Desm, " Crypt. Fr.," i. 606; Rabh, "Herb. Myco," 132; Fckl, "F. Rh," 1236; Berk, " Brit. Fung," 278; Phil, "Elv. Brit," 2; Karst, " Fung. Fenn," 24 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2844 ; Rehm, "Asco," 601 ; Ellis, "N. A. Fungi," 433. On decaying leaves in wet places. Spring to autumn. Qualities unknown. MITRULA. 29 Gregarious, caespitose, or solitary, soft, glabrous hollow, rather brittle, 1 to 3 inches in height ; head very variable in form, globose, ovate, or broadly clavate ; summit generally obtuse, bright orange yellow, filled when young with silky filaments, which disappear with age, leaving it hollow; stem white, varying from a yellowish to a pinkish tinge, enlarged upwards, even, and crooked. Name — Palus, a marsh ; found in marshes. Karnes Castle, Isle of Bute (Dr. Greville). Pitlochrie (Dr. Thomson). Penzance (Mr. Ralfs). Aboyne, New Pitsligo (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bournemouth ; St. George's Hill, Weybridge (Mr. F. Currey). Keston Common ; Horsham ; Penicuick (Dr. M. C. Cooke). North of Ireland (Templeton). Baldovan Woods (Gardener). North Wootton, Norfolk (Dr. John Lowe). Trefrew, North Wales ! Capel Curig, North Wales ! Llyn Ogwin, North Wales ! 3. Mitrula alba. Wor. Smith. Head globose, even, white ; stem stuffed, white ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia lanceolate, hyaline, eguttulate, 16 x 3/x. Mitrula alba — W. G. Smith, " Grevillea," i. p. 136, t. 10, lower figure ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 177. Differs entirely from M. pcdudosa, Fries, in colour, and especially in the globose head and stuffed stem (W. G. Smith, I. c). Amongst submerged leaves. April, 1877. Name — Albus, white. East Budleigh, Budleigh Salterton (Mr. Cecil H. Sp. Perceval). Excluded Species. Mitrula rninuta — Sow. (small orange Mitrula). Very minute ; receptacle lanceolate, orange ; stem equal, pallid. Fries, " Sys. Myco.," i. p. 492. Clavaria rninuta — Sow., t. 391. On the bractese of Dipsacus pilosus. Rajdeigh, Essex (Rev. R. B. Francis). 30 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. I have not been able to find specimens in Mr. Sowerby's collection ; possibly it may be a state of Pistillaria micans (" Eng. Flo.," v. p. 180). Genus VII. — Spathularia. Pers. Receptacle vertical, compressed laterally, running down two opposite sides of the distinct stem ; substance fleshy-membranaceous ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, filiform, hyaline ; paraphyses filiform. (Plate II. fig. 7.) The one British species of this genus is easily dis- tinguished from plants of other allied genera by the hymenium running down two opposite sides of the stem, assuming a spoon-like outline owing to its being laterally compressed. Some species of Leptoglossum and Geo- glossum are compressed, but the hymenium entirely surrounds the stem. Name — Diminutive of airaOr}, a spatula. 1. Spathularia flavida. Pers. Head spathulate, compressed, nearly even, j^ellow; margin crisped or undulated; stem white; asci clavate; sporidia 8, acicular-filiform, multi-guttulate, 60 — 70 x 6 — 7fx ; paraphyses filiform, branched, numerous. (Plate II. Spathularia flavida — Pers., " Comra.," p. 84 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco," i. 491; Grev, " Sc. Crypt. Flo," t. 165; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 179 ; Price, t. 5, f. 34 ; D. 0, " Flo. Fr," ii. 95; Berk, "Outl.," t. 21, f. 7; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1953, fig. 326; Kromb, t v. f. 22; Karst, "Myco. Fenn," 27 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 342 ; Gill., " Champ," p. 26, c. i. Elvella clavata — SchaefY, t. 149. Clavaria, sjoathulata—" Flo. Dan.," t. 658 ; Schmidt, " Icon," t. 50. Helvetia spathularia— Sow, " Fung," t. 35. H. feritoria — Bolt, t. 97. Spathularia flava — Swartz, " Vet. Ac. HandL," 1812, p. 10. S. crispa— Corda, " Icon," ii. 36. f. 125. S. Jlavidor— FckL, " Symb. Myco," p. 332. Exs.— Rabh, " Herb. Myco," 28 ; Desm, " Crypt. Fr," ii. 455; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," ii. 126; Wartm. and Schw, LErTOGLOSSUM. 31 215; West and Wall., " H. B.," 10S5 ; Schm. and Kze., 194; Berk., "Brit. Fung.," 257; Fckl, "Fung. Rh./' 11 43; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," i. 470; Klotsch, " H. M.," 815; Rehm., "Asco," 426; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 3; Thum., " Fung. Aus. ," 425 ; Roumg., " Stirpes," 326. On dead lir-leaves and amongst moss in damp woods. July to October. Gregarious, 3 to 5 inches high ; pileus hollow, yellow, rarely reddish, much compressed, more or less of an erect obovate form, slightly inflated, undulated, or even lncunose, sometimes bifid, or inclining to be lobecl. The stem appears to pass along and eventually penetrate the pileus half-way down or near the summit ; sporidia dis- charged elastically (Grev.). Name — Flavus, light yellowish. Costessey, near Norwich (Sowerby). Round Edin- burgh (Dr. Greville). Malvern (Mr. Edwin Lees). Lax- ton, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Wey- bridge, East Bergholt (Mr. Frederick Currey). Wiltshire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Dinmore, Herefordshire ! woods near Ludlow (Mrs. Price). Invergordon, Scotland (Miss Joss). Dinedor, Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Near Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Genus VIIL— jLeptoglossum. Cooke. Receptacle clavate, cylindrical, or compressed, brightly coloured, produced downwards into a distinct stem ; hymenium concrete with and covering the incrassated upper portion ; asci cylindrical or clavate ; sporidia 8, hyaline. (Plate II. fig. 8.) Leptoglossum — Cooke in " Mycogr.," p. 250, revised in litt. The plants of this genus are distinguished easily from those of Geoglossum (Cooke ; non Fries), by the brighter colour (never black). Name — A£7rroc, fine, yXioaaa, tongue; resembling a slender tongue. 32 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Key to the Species. Hymenium seruginous green . . . . . . . . viride. Hyinenium smoky olive or dingy purple . . . . olivaceum . 1. Leptoglossum viride. (Pers.) Fasciculate, verdigris-green ; receptacle distinct ; steir squamulose ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic, hyaline, 15 X Ofi ; paraphyses filiform, hardly enlarged upwards. (Plate II. fig. 8.) Geoglossum viride — Pers., " Oomm.," p. 40 ; Fries "Sys. Myco.," i. 48; Weinm, "Hym," p. 498; Grev. "Sc. Crypt. Flo.," t. 211; Sturm, "Flo," t. 48; Nees "Sys," t. 17, p. 158; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 179; Berk. " Outl," p. 361 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1956 ; " Mycogr,' tig. 14; Kickx, "Flo. Flan," i. 501; Seer, "Mycogr./ iii. 621; Fckl, " Symb. Myco," 284; Quelet, "Champ./ p. 377; Pat, p. 29, f. 66. Mitrvla viridis— Karst, "Myco Fenn," i. 29. Clavaria mitrata viridis — Holms, " Ot," p. 24. G. viridis— " Flo. Dan," t. 1258, f. 1. C. Ser- pentina — Mull, " Zool. Dan," p. 256. Leotia geoglossoides -r-Corda, " Icon," iii. p. 37, t. vi. f. 94. Microglossias viridi — Gill, " Champ," p. 26, c. i. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Rh," 1140; Renin, "Asco," 151; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," 524 and 1625; Desm., "Crypt. Fr," i. 423 ; Karst, " Fung. Fenn," 449; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 395 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit.," 54. On the ground in woods, amongst moss and decaying leaves. Autumn. Qualities unknown. From 1 to 3 inches high ; about J of an inch in broadest part. The club-shaped head is generally obtuse at the summit, and terminates abruptly and unevenly at the base, occupying about one-third to one-half the entire length of the plant, not unfrequently compressed, glabrous, and, when wet, slippery ; the stem is cylindrical, squamulose, rather paler than the head ; the flesh is also green ; the asci are narrowly clavate ; the sporidia elliptic-oblong ; paraphyses abundant ; gelatina hymenia greenish. The sporidia in my Herefordshire specimens did not exceed the size given above, but Dr. Cooke (" Mycogr.") gives 30 X 10/x. LEPTOGLOSSUM. 3.'* Name — Viridis, green. Near Melrose (Mr. Walter Arnott). Appin (Capt. Carmichael). Coed Coch ; Holm Lacy ; Bristol ; Aberyst- with ; Kilmory, Fern, N.B. (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Corby Castle, Cumberland, and about Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Tyntesfield, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Dinmore, Hereford ! Moccas Woods, near Hereford ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 2. Leptoglossum olivaceum. (Pers.) Glabrous, dry, smoky olive ; stem glabrous, yellowish brown, base slightly incrassated, whitish ; club com- pressed, distinct, as long or longer than the stem, in growing old greenish black, white within ; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, hyaline, con- tinuous, 25 x 8/u ; paraphyses filiform. Geoglossum olivaceum — Pers., " Obs. Mvco," i. p. 40, t. 5, fig. 7 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," i. p. 419 ; Weinm, « Hym," 498 ; Berk., " OutL," t. 22, f. 3 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1957; "Mycogr," fig. 13; Pat., p. 29, f. 65; Price, t. 16, f. 102. Microglossum olivaceum — Gill., " Champ.," y) 26 c i Exs.— Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," i. 650, and ed. ii. 396; Phil., " Elv. Brit," 5 ; Rabh, " Fung. Eur," 1820. On the ground in open grassy places. Autumn. Gregarious or csespitose, from 1J to 2 inches high. The club, though distinct from the stem, passes gradually into it without any marked depression ; it is compressed, sometimes sulcate, and twisted, very variable in outline, about \ of an inch thick. The stem is cylindrical, usually paler than the club, one-third to three-quarters of the entire height, \ of an inch thick. Name — Oliva, an olive ; from the olivaceous colour. j3. purpureum—'BQYk. in "OutL," t. 22, f. 2, differs only in colour, which is dingy purple ; but, as the colour of the type is very variable — brown, olive, or purple — it is better to take no account of these differences, further than calling attention to the fact. Name — Puvpureus, purple-coloured. D 34 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Coed Coch, Aberystwith, North Wales ; Fern, N.B. (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Pastures near Ludlow ! Moccas Park, Herefordshire ! Bristol (Mr. 0. E. Broome). Holm Lacy, Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Genus IX. — Geoglossum. Pers. Receptacle clavate, cyclindrical or compressed, black, produced downwards into a distinct stem ; hymenium concrete with and covering the incrassated upper por- tion ; asci cyclindrical or clavate ; sporidia 8, coloured or hyaline. (Plate II. fig. 9.) Name — yfy, the earth, yXwo-o-a, a tongue ; earth-tongue. Arrangement of the Species. a. Sporidia brown b. Sporidia hyaline species 1-5 6-7 »> Key to the Species. 1. 3. Hymenium hairy Hymenium glabrous Sporidia brown, 7-septate Sporidia brown, 3-septate Sporidia hyaline . . (Paraphyses linear (Paraphyses moniliform J Paraphyses pyriform (Paraphyses globose j Flesh tremellose (Flesh not tremellose hirsutum, 1 2 3 4 difforme. glabrum. glutinosum. viscosum. tremellosum. microsporutn. A. SPORIDIA BROWN. 1. Geoglossum hirsutum. Pers. Hirsute, black ; club often elongated, compressed, or nearly round, capitate, plicate ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fasciculate, linear, slightly curved, 15-septate, brown, 150 x Q/ul ; paraphyses septate, slightly enlarged at the curved or circinate apices. (Plate II. fig. 9.) Geoglossum hirsutum — Pers., " Comm." p. 37 ; " Syn. Fung," p. 608; Fries, " Sys. Myco," i. 488; Weinm, "Hym," 496; Nees, " Sys," t. 17, f. 157; Purt, "Midi. Flo.," vols. ii. and iii. No. 1059; Grev, "Sc. Crypt. Flo," GEOGLOSSUM. 35 t. 185 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. 178 ; Berk., " Outl," t. 22, f. 12; Loudon, f. 16184; Cooke's "Handbk.," No. 1861; "Mycogr.," tig. 3; Karat., " Myco. Fenn," i. 31; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," 333 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 24, c. i. ; Pat, p. 29, f. 68. Clavaria simplex hirsuta — Schmidt, " Icon.," t. 25, f. 1-19. G. ophioglossoides — Holms., " Ot.," p. 18; Sow., u Fung.," t. 13 ; Scheeff, " Icon.," t. 327. C. atra— Schrad. in Pers, " Comm," p. 37 ; Humb, " Flo. Frib.," p. 114. Exs.— Karat., "Fung. Fenn.," 451; Fckl., "F. Bh„" 1141; West and Wall., "H. B.," 1084; "Erb. Crit. Ital.," i. 975 ; Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," i. 420 ; Babh, " Fung. Eur.," ii. 523 ; Babh., " Herb. Myco.," 237 ; Schm. and Kze., 122 ; Klotzsch, "H. M.," 44; Boumg., "Stirpes.," 63; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 393 Csespitose, 2 to 3 inches high ; club oblong or ovate, generally compressed, distinct from, but passing gradu- ally into, the stem, often ^ an inch broad, black, hairy ; stem cylindrical, ^ to ^ of an inch thick, covered with short black hairs. The sporidia are elongated, nearly cylindrical, obtuse at the ends, brown, septate. The paraphyses are septate, curved at the apices, which are obtuse, brown, and thicker than the lower portion. Bigid black hairs tapering upwards are intermixed with the paraphyses. Name — Hirsutus, hairy. Bryndulas, Cwm Bychan, Penzance, Thornhaugh, Notts, Beigate, and Brighton (Bev. M. J. Berkeley). Twy cross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Abergavenny (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Foxhall (Herb. Kew). North Wootton ; Back- heath ; Little Plumstead ; and Woodbastwick, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Around Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Lawns near Hereford! General Cemetery, Shrewsbury! pastures about Ludlow ! 2. Geoglossum difforme. Fries. Gregarious, glabrous, even, slightly viscid, black ; club difformed, compressed, obtuse, distinct; asci cyhn- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, linear, straight, or slight iy n 6 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. curved, 7-septate, brown, 110 X 7/ul ; paraph yses filiform, septate, flexuous above. Geoglossum difforme — Fries, "Obs. Myco.," i. 159; " Sys. Myco," i. 489 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 178 ; Kromb, t. 54, f. 28, 29; Berk, "Outl," 362; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1962 ; " Mycogr.." fig. 7 ; Karst, " Myco. Fenn," i. 31 ; Price, t. 18, f. 117 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 25, c. i. Exs.— Berk, " Brit. Fung.," 256; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," 481, ed. ii. 394. On the ground in grassy places. Autumn. Caespitose, 1 to 4 inches high ; club difformed, bent, irregular, somewhat viscid, especially when moist, with- out hairs, black ; stem one-half to three-quarters of the entire height of the plant, cylindrical, even ; the brown, elongated, nearly cylindrical sporidia adhere in bundles ; the septate paraphyses are not enlarged at the apices, nor very deeply coloured. Distinguished from G. Gldbrum by its longer sporidia, and the apices of the sporidia not being moniliform; from G. glutinosum by its longer sporidia, and paraphyses not being pyriform at the apices ; and from G. viscosum by the more numerous septa of the sporidia and the apices of the paraphyses. Name — Dis and forma, of irregular shape, deformed. Boughton House, Northamptonshire ; Bristol ; Wood- newton ; Lampeter ; Bungay ; and Bryndulas (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Fern (Rev. J. Furguson). North Wootton, Ringstead Downs ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Crosshill, near Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Wrekin, Salop ! lawns near Hereford ! 3. Geoglossum gldbrum. Pers. Subgregarious, glabrous, dry, blackish; stem some- what squamulose; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, linear, straight, or slightly curved, 7-septate, brown, 85 — 90/i long; paraphyses linear, thickened at the apices, the four upper cells oval, concatenate. Geoglossum glabrum — Pers., " Obs. Myco," ii. p. 61 ; Fries, ': Sys. Myco," i. 488; Weinm, " Hym," 497; GEOGLOSSUM. 37 "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 178; Krombh., t. 5, f. 20, 21; FckL, "Svmb. Myco," 333; Berk., "Outl," 362; Price, t. 3, f. 17; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1960 ; Kickx., "Flo. Flan," i. 501; Seer, " Mycogr," iii. 621 ; Gill, "Champ," p. 25, c. i. ; Pat, p. 29, f. 67. Clavaria opkioglossoides — Bull, "Champ," t. 372; Bolt, "Fung," t. 211, f. 1; "Flo. Dan," t. 1076, f. 2 ; Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 1. Exs.— FckL, "F. Rh," 1142; Schm. and Kze, 97; Moug. and Nest, 684; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 55; Roumg, "Stirpes," 262; Ellis, "N. A. Fungi," 980. On the ground in grassy places. Autumn. Gregarious, 1 to 3 inches high ; club lanceolate, passing gradually into the even stem, blackish; stem rather slender, crooked, cylindrical, half to two-thirds the entire height of the plant, rather squamulose; sporidia cylin- drical, rounded at the ends, brown, usually 7-septate, adhering together in a bundle ; paraphyses remarkable from the four or five upper cells being larger, constricted at the joints, almost beaded, and brown. Name — Glaber, smooth. Near Halifax (Bolton). Scotland (Klotzsch in " Hook. Herb."). Near Bungay (Mr. Stock). Malvern (Mr. Edwin Lees). North of Ireland (Templeton). Wood- newton, Northamptonshire ; Coed Coch ; Crundale ; Ascot ; Holm Lacy ; and Memmuir (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Twycross (Rev. A Bloxham). Paul's Cray Common (Mr. F. Currey). Castle Rising ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Abergavenny ! (Mr. J. Renney). Whitcliffe, near Lud- low S Wrekin, Salop ! 4. Geoglossum viscosum. Pers. Glabrous, viscid, black; club cylindrical, confluent with the stem, afterwards slightly thickened, olivaceous- black below ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, linear, rounded at the ends, straight, or slightly curved, 3-septate, brown ; 80 X 95jw; paraphyses filiform, non-septate, globose apices. Geoglossum viscosum — Pers, " Comm," p. 59 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," i. 439 ; " Epic," i. p. 583 ; Grev, " Sc. Crypt. 38 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Flo./'t. 55; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1959; Fckl, " Symb. My co.," 333 ; Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 10 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 25, c. i. On the ground, mountain pastures, etc. Autumn. Subgregarious, 2 to 3 inches high ; club broadly fusiform, obtuse at the apex, passing imperceptibly into the stem, black, rarely forming more than one-fourth of the entire height of the plant ; stem rather slender (about -J of an inch), glabrous, cylindrical, slimy, espe- cially in moist weather, paler towards the base, where it is brownish. The globose apices of the paraphyses is a character which at once distinguishes this species from G. glutinosum and G. difforme. Name — Viscum, bird-lime, coated with a tenacious liquid, sticky. Foxhall (Capt. Wauch). Terrington, Norfolk ! (Mr C. B. Plowright). 5. Geoglossum glutinosum. Pers. Glabrous, black; club compressed, distinct, nearly lanceolate, obsoletely viscid, black ; stem viscid, bay- black ; asci cylindraceo-clavate, sessile ; sporidia 8, linear, straight, or curved, 3-septate, brown; 80^i long; para- physes filiform, non-septate, apices subpyriform, brown. Geoglossum glutinosum — Pers, " Obs," i. p. 11 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," i. 489; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 178 Karst, "Myco. Fenn," i. 30; Weinm, "Hyrn," 497 Berk, " Outl," 362 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1958 "Mycogr," fig. 6; Kickx, "Flo. Flan," i. 501; Gill. " Champ," p. 25, c. i. Exs.— Klotzsch, " Exs," 641 ; Desm, " Crypt. Fr," i. 422 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn," No. 450. On the ground in grassy places. Autumn. Gregarious, 1 to 2 inches high ; club oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at the summit, viscid, compressed, black, occupy- ing rather more than one-third of the entire height of the plant, passing imperceptibly into the viscid, slender, cylindrical stem, which is brownish black. The sporidia adhere in a bundle, are generally 3-septate, brown; GEOGLOSSUM. 39 apices of paraphyses nearly pear-shape, brown, and not septate. Name — Gluten, glue = glutinous. Bristol, Coed Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Hanham Woods, near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Household Heath and South Wootton Heath, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Hanham (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). B. SPORIDIA HYALINE. 6. Geoglossum microspovum. Cooke and Peck. Glabrous, somewhat viscid ; club obtuse, distinct ; stem slightly squamulose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, 2-seriate, crowded, cylindrical, a little curved, hyaline, faintly 7-septate, 50 X 10 fi ; paraphyses filiform, straight, not enlarged at the apices„ Geoglossummicrosporum — Cooke and Peck," Twenty- fifth Report New York Mus. Nat. Hist."; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 11. On the ground. Autumn. Name — /Lwcpog, small, (jiropog, seed ; from the small sporidia. Hanham, Clifton ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 7. Geoglossum tremelloswm. Cooke. Glabrous, tremellose, black, contiguous ; club sub- compressed, hollow ; stem even, glutinous, the same colour ; asci clavate ; sporidia fusiform, straight or curved, hyaline, 30 — 32 X 5/n, at length 5 to 7-septate ; para- physes linear. Geoglossum tremellosum — Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 347. Geoglossum microsporwm, var., tremellosum — Cooke in « Grevillea," iv. p. 109. On the ground. Name — Tremulus, trembling ; from shaking when agitated. Rannock, N.B. (Dr. Buchanan White). 40 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Genus X. — Rhizina. Fries. Sessile, effused like a crust, afterwards bullato-inflated, determinate, hymenium occupying the upper surface ; under side furnished with root-like fibrils ; flesh firm, persistent ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, large. (Plate II. fig. 10.) On the earth or on wood. Large (from 1 to 3 inches), persistent. Name — pi£a, a root ; from the root-like fibrils which clothe more or less of the under surface, attaching it to the ground. 1. Rhizina undulata. Fries. Effused, undulate, bay-brown ; margin inflexed, flocculose beneath, and pallid ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusiform, sub-acute, 2-guttulate, at length pseudo- septate, 30 — 35 X 9/x ; paraphyses filiform, enlarged and brown at the apices, which adhere firmly together. (Plate II. fig. 10.) Rhizina undulata — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 33 ; Sch8eff.,t. 153; Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 216; Tub, "Hyp.," t. 21, f 16; Curr., "Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p. 493, t. 51, f. 7-9 ; Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 332; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1963 ; Gill, " Champ.," p. 28, c. i. ; Pat., p. 209, f. 479. Exs.— Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," Nos. 39 and 725 ; Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 56; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ser. ii. No. 400; Winter, "Fungi Eur.," 2750; Rehm., "Asco.," 701. On gravelly and sandy soil that has recently been exposed to fire. Varying in size from J an inch to 3 inches broad. At first orbicular, plane, with a whitish margin ; when mature convex, undulate, and irregular in outline. The rhizinaB are coarse fibres occupying the greater part of the under surface, but absent for a certain distance from the margin, which is tomentose and rufous ; when dry the hymenium becomes black and hard. The fusi- form sporidia have a thick epispore, especially at the extremities, and are faintly coloured. The paraphyses TEZIZ.K 41 adhere by their summits being apparently held together by a brownish " gelatina hymenia," and at intervals occur some which are brown throughout their whole length, and non-septate. These deserve more careful examination in the fresh state, as their function may be to convey from the subhymenial tissue the brown " gelatina hymenia " alluded to above. Name — Undulatus, waved. Ascot Heath (Mr. Frederick Currey). Wrekin, Shropshire ! 2. Rhizina laevigata. Fries. Orbicular, even, brown ; margin prominent, granulose beneath ; fibrils pallid ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusi- form, acuminate, bi-guttulate, uni-seriate, hyaline ; para- physes filiform. Rhizina laevigata — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 33 ; Pers., "Myco. Eur," p. 217; Cooke, "Grevillea," ii. p. 162, t. 22, fig. 1. Octospora rhizophora — Hedw., "Mus. Frond.," ii. t. 5, f. A. Exs.— Winter, " Fungi Eur.," 2406 ; Dr. Cooke, " On Stumps " ; Fries, " Ad terrain araneosam." Scarcely exceeding 1 inch in breadth. The only British specimen I have seen is from Glamis, N.B, which has sporidia in no way differing from R. undulata. Name — Lcevis, even ; from the even hymenium. Order II.— PEZIZiE. Receptacle concave, plane, or convex, sessile or stipitate, fleshy or waxy ; hymenium on the upper surface ; asci fixed, cylindrical, or clavate ; sporidia usually 8. Receptacle adfixed by the centre, rarely by the whole under surface, or supported on a stem, more or less con- cave, often becoming plane or even convex ; substance fleshy or waxy, not gelatinous or cartilaginous ; asci not ejected ; sporidia hyaline. Differs from Helvellacei by the concave or plane 42 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. receptacle ; from Ascobolce by the fixed asci ; from Bul- garice by not being gelatinous or subcartilaginous ; from Devmateoe by the softer texture; and from Patellarice by colour, texture, and form. Name — Pezica (from iri^a, the foot, bottom, base, that which rests on its base, sessile), a word used by Pliny to denote various kinds of puff-balls (vide Houghton, " Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.," 1885). The name has now acquired a widely different meaning. Order of the Genera in Peziza. Series I. — Xud^;. Series II. — Vestit^e. Not clothed with hairs. Clothed with hairs I. Peziza. VIII. Lachnea. II. Psilopezia. IX. Lachnella. III. Hymenoscypha. X. Tapesia. IV. Chloro*plenium. XI. Desmazierella V. Belonidiura. XII. Pirottsea. VI. Helotium. VII. Mollisia. Key to the Genera of PEZiziE Applanate, immarginate, affixed by the centre More or less cup-shaped (Exterior not hairy (though sometimes tomentose) (Exterior hairy, villous, or tomentose Fleshy, for the most part large ; sporidia large Fleshy, or rarely waxy, sessile ; sporidia minute Waxy, or between waxy and fleshy. . Stem distinct and slender, not green Stem distinct and slender, green \ Stem absent, or short and thick ; sporidia simple, or rarely 1-septate ^Stem absent or short, sporidia 3 or more septate Seated on a distinct tapesium Pilose fleshy, mostly large or medium size Villous or tomentose, mostly small, not black Setulose, blackish - (Hymen ium, as well as exterior, setulose . . ' \Hymenium not setulose 1. 2. Psilopezia. 1 2 4 Peziza. Mollisia. 3 Hymenoscypha. CIdrosplenium. Helotium. Belonidium. Tapesia. Lachnea. Lachnella. 5 Desmazierella. Pirott-xa. Series I.— NUD^E. Fleshy or fleshy-membranaceous, externally glabrous, pruinose, or floccoso-furfuraceus. PEZIZA 43 Genus I— Peziza. Dill (" Gen," p. 74). Receptacle marginate, cup-shaped, at first closed, afterwards expanding; epidermis thin, contiguous, gla- brous, pruinose, or floccoso-furfuraceus, persistent, distinct; asci large, distinct, fixed, enclosing 8 sporidia, which are soon elastically ejected; paraphyses filiform, intermixed with the asci. Cups adfixed by the centre, often stipitate, freely unfolding, more or less concave, often becoming plane ; hymenium smooth (not villous or pulveraceous), differing in colour ; substance fleshy-membranaceous, not waxy or gelatinous. (Plate V. figs. 11-22). Name — See p. 42. Arrangement of Subgen I. II. III. IV. V. VI. 'VII. VIII. IX. X. Acetabula Tarzetta Otidea Cochlearia Discina Galactinia Pustularia Geosctjpha Humaria Pyronema ERA. Key to the Subgenera. 3. Stipitate Sessile or substipitate. . (Stem stout \ Stern slender . . (Yielding a coloured fluid wheu wounded \ Yielding a colourless fluid when wounded (Cups elongated on one side . . \Cups not elongated on one side JCups large \Cups small, rarely exceeding 5 lines broad jTurfuraceous or verrucose, entire . . \ Pruinose or farinose Flexuous, csespitose-contorted, sessile Plane or repaud, sessile or substipitate Smaller, entire or lobed, sessile , jBase surrounded by a delicate white web \Base without a white web round it . . 6. spccres 1-3 5» 4-10 11 11-16 ») 17-29 11 30-35 11 36-37 11 38-43 11 44-57 11 58-97 11 98-104 1 2 Acetabula. Tarzetta. Galactinia o Otidea. m , 4 . . 5 ^ t 7 # , Pustularia 6 , . Cochlearia. • • Discina. • • Gcoscypha. • • Pyronema. • • llumaria. 44 BEITISH DISCOMYCETES. Subgenus I. — Acetabula. Fckl. Cup entire, naked ; stem stout, distinct, often sulcate. Key to the Species. Stem sulcate, equal, or broader below . . . . acetabulum. Stem not sulcate, attenuated below . . . . . . insolita. Stem sub-attenuated below, with slender rooting fibrils Percevali. i 1. Peziza acetabulum. Linn. Cyathiform, dingy, ribbed externally with branching veins, which run up from the short, lacunose, fistulose stem; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 — 20 x 12^; paraphyses incrassated upwards. (Plate III. fig. 11.) Peziza acetabulum — Linn., "Spec. Plant.," ii. 1650; Bull., " Champ.," p. 267, t. 485, f. 4 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 44 ; Sow., " Fung.," t. 59 ; " Eng. Flo." v. p. 187 ; Berk, " Outl.," 362 ; Price, fig. 72 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1964 ; "Mycogr," fig. 183; Vitt, "Mang," t. 30, fig. 2; Kromb, " Schw.," t. 61, f. 23-26 ; Pat, p. 70, £ 162. Fungoides acetabuliforme — Vaill, "Bot," t. 13, f. 1. Acetabula vulgaris — Fckl, "Symb. Myco," p. 330; Sacc, "Myco. Ven. Sp," p. 168. Aleurea acetabulum — Gill, " Champ," p. 36, c. i. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Eh," 1231, 2084; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," i. 556, ii. 182; Babh, "Fung. Eur," 316; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 6 ; Rav, " Fung. Am," 764 ; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 2275. On the ground in spring. Esculent. Cup 2 inches broad, 1 J inches high, externally floccoso- furfuraceus, light umber, darker within, mouth con- tracted, firm, tough, flesh not very thick ; stem \ an inch high, smooth, deeply, but regularly costato-lacunose ; the ribs branching at the top and forming reticulations on the outside of the cup, so as to present the appearance of a cluster of pillars supporting a font or roof, with fret- work between them (" Eng. Flo."). External cells of the cup concatenate, with their free extremities breaking up, so as to give a farinose appear- ance to the surface (Dr. Cooke, I. c). VEZIZA. 45 Name — Acetabulum, vinegar cup; shaped like a cup. Sand Hutton, Yorkshire (Rev. M. Bud stone). King's Cliffe, Northamptonshire ; Kingerswell, Devonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Pitlochrie and Cluny, N.B. (D. Thomson). Wiltshire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Hitchin (Professor Henslow). White Notley (Mr. A. Irvine). Ashton Court, Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Framingham Earl ; Sprowston ; Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). General Cemetery, Shrewsbury ! near Ludlow (Miss Price). 2. Peziza insolita. Cooke. Stipitate, fleshy, fragile, whitish, clavate, then pyriform, becoming cyathiform ; stem thick, attenuated below ; hymenium ochery-white ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, hyaline, 22 — 25 X 10 — 12/x ; paraphyses filiform, short, septate. Peziza insolita — Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 375. On decayed leaves amongst mould in a fig-house. December. Cup 1 inch high, J an inch or more in diameter; cells of cups 12 X 10fi ; the paraphyses shorter than the asci. A white mycelium runs amongst the leaves on which it grows (Cooke). Name — Insolita, unusual. Castle Gardens, N.B. (Rev. J. Stevenson). Kelvedon, Essex (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 3. Peziza Percevali. Berk, and Cooke. Solitary ; cup at length expanded, somewhat pruinose. the margin closely inflexed ; stem somewhat thick, sub- attenuated below, with slender rooting fibrils ; asci clavato - cylindrical ; sporidia elliptic (?); paraphyses thickened above, brownish. Peziza Percevali. — Berk, and Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 192. Peziza ciborium — Fries, "Sys. Myco." ii. 59 (partly), var. major ; B. and Br. in "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1479; " Grevillea," iii. p. 119. On the ground. 46 DISCOMYCETES. Cup 1J inches broad; stem 1 to 1J inches long, J inch and more thick, terminated by a few rooting fibrils ; sporidia immature, according to Berkeley, 25 X 12^u, apparently elliptical, larger than in P. ciborium ; the asci are considerably larger, and of a different character (Cooke). On the ground (Mr. H. C. Spencer Perceval in Herb. Berk.). On a lawn under lime-trees, Glamis Castle (Rev. J. Stevenson). Subgenus II. — Taezetta. Cooke. Cup nearly entire, naked, stipitate ; stem slender, varying in length, erect or rooting. (Plate III. fig. 12.) Name — (?) Tazzetta (Ital.), a little cup. Arrangement of the Species. a. Stem erect. (a) Sporidia elliptic, rough . . . . species 4 (b) Sporidia elliptic, smooth . . . . „ 5-7 b. Stem rooting. (a) Sporidia elliptic, smooth . . . . „ Key to the Species. Stem erect Stem rooting {Margin lobed ; sporidia rough . . . . . . . . petahidea. Margin entire ; sporidia smooth . . . . . . muralis. Margin crenulate . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 (Fawn colour, farinose . . . . . . . . . . cupularis. ' (Flesh colour, glabrous . . . . . . . . . . carnea. i Cup turbinate; flesh thick, very fragile .. .. ammophila. Cup becoming plane or deflexed ; flesh thin, fragile . . rapulum. Cup always concave, flesh thin, fragile ; stem shorter than two preceding . . . . . . . . . carbonaria. 8-10 1 3 A. STEM ERECT. (a) Sporidia elliptic, rough. 4. Peziza petaloidea (nov. sp.). Cooke and Phil. Cup expanded, lobate, fleshy, firm ; hymenium rugose, sub-umbilicate, yellowish brown, margin deflexed ; stem rather slender, enlarged upwards into the rugose base of the cup ; externally verrucose, fuliginous brown ; asci PEZIZA. 47 cyclindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, minutely asperate, 15 x 8jli ; paraphyses filiform. On the earth. Spring. This has somewhat the aspect of Peziza firma in an old stage of growth. The cup is lobed, undulate, de- curved at the margin ; the disc is umbilicate, radiately wrinkled, 8 lines broad across the widest part ; the under side of the cup is smoky brown, minutely warted, wrinkled longitudinally near its junction with the stem, which tapers towards the base, and is 5 lines high and about 1 line thick near the middle. Name — iriraXov, a petal, eldog, likeness ; from the lobed margin. East Bergholt, Suffolk ! in the herbarium of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, February 2, 1852. (b) Sporidia elliptic, smooth. 5. Peziza cupularis. Linn. Cup globose-campanulate, thin; hymenium fawn- coloured or pallid, externally farinose ; margin crenate ; stem slender, erect, sometimes rooting or nearly obsolete ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 1 to 2-guttulate, smooth, 18 X 10/x ; paraphyses filiform, clavate apices. (Plate III. fig. 12.) Peziza cupularis — Linn., "Suec," No. 1273; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 64 ; Pers., " Obs.," ii. t. 4, f. 6, 7 ; Vaill., " Bot.," t. ii. f. 173 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 42 ; Weinm., " Hym.," p. 423 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 189 ; Berk., " Outl.," 365, t. i. f. 2; Price, f. 79; Cooke, "Handbk.," 1990; "Mycogr.," t. 286; Pat., p. 71, f. 165 (?). Aleuria cupularis — Gill., " Champ.," p. 39, c. i. Peziza crenata — Bull., t. 396, f. 3. Peziza vulcanalis — Peck, in Haydn's " Geol. Report," 1872. Pustularia cupularis — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 328. Exs.— Rehm., "Asco.," 8; Fckl., " F. Rh.," 1878: Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 155. On the earth in damp places. Spring and autumn. Sometimes yellowish ; stem J of an inch high, J of 48 DISCOMYCETES. an inch thick, sometimes obsolete ; pileus pale buff, thin, transparent, scalloped at the edge, shaped like the cup of an acorn, about 1 inch in diameter (Withering). Name — Cupula, a little cup. Shrubbery, in mossy turf, Edgbaston (Withering) ; Apethorpe, Milton (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Caistor (Hen- derson). Bowood, Wiltshire (Mr. Currey). Salhouse, Norfolk (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Taverham, Norfolk (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Brockley Comb, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Wrekin! Kingsland, Shrewsbury! Hereford! 6. Peziza carnea (no v. sp.). Cooke and Phil. Cup cyathiform, rather thin, firm, glabrous, flesh- coloured, margin crenate, erect ; stem rather long, slender, expanding into the decurrently wrinkled base of the cup ; asci cjdindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 13 X Qfx; paraphyses filiform, curved at the summit. Peziza cupularis — L. var. in Herb. Berk., Milton. Cup from 5 to 10 lines broad ; stem from 3 to 6 lines high, and about 1 line thick. Name — Caro, flesh ; flesh-coloured. 7. Peziza muralis. Sow. Cup at first cyathiform, then expanded, nearly plane, firm, fleshy in the centre, thin towards the margin, glabrous, dirty brownish- white ; stem short, rather slender; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 14? X 8ju ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza muralis — Sow., " Fung.," t. 251. On clay. Cup from 2 to 7 lines across, nearly uniform in colour within and without, glabrous ; stem about 1 to 1 J lines long, enlarging upwards into the thick fleshy base of the cup. " The larger ones herein figured were sent by favour of the Rev. Mr. Alderson, from some clay walls in his garden at Havingham, Norfolk ; the smaller ones grew on some pipe-clay intended for modelling at my own home, Mead Place. They differ much in size, but agree TEZIZA. 49 so well in shape and substance that I consider them as the same species" (Sowerby, I. a). The original specimens, after the death of Sowerby, came into the hands of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, by whose kind permission I was allowed to examine them. Name — Mar us, a wall ; from its habitat. B. STEM ROOTING. (a) Sporidia elliptic, smooth. 8. Peziza carbonaHa. A. and S. Cup globose-campanulate, thin, fragile ; hymonium reddish-ochrey, externally whitish, farinose ; margin crenate; stem slender, variable in length ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 X 8^u; paraphyses filiform, clavate apices. Peziza carbonaria — A. and S., " Consp," p. 314, t. 4, f. 2 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco./' ii. 64 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," 1063, t. 15, f. 15 ; Nyl, " Pez. Fenn," p. 10 ; Karst, "Myco. Fenn./' p. 42; Gonn. and Rabh, iii. t. 4, f. 4; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1989; "Mycogr," fig. 284. P. cupularis, var. carbonaria — Weinm, " Hym," 424. Aleuria carbonaria — Gill., " Champ.," p. 39. Exs.— Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," 722 ; Rabh., " Myco. Eur," ii. 622 ; Karst, " Fung. Fenn," 456 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2512 ; Rehm, " Asco," 702. On burnt ground. Spring and autumn. Gregarious, 3 to 8 lines broad ; stem at times obsolete. Distinguished from the preceding by its smaller size; more highly coloured hymenium, which is almost Ver- million when young ; and its sporidia. Name — Carbo, charcoal ; from its habitat. Ascot (Mr. C. E. Broome). Morton Bay! (Mr. J. Baily). Whitcliffe, Ludlow ! Wrekin, Salop ! Attingham Park, Salop ! 9. Peziza ammophila. Dr. and M. Cup turbinate, fragile, thick ; hymenium brown, ex- ternally pallid, dry; margin splitting into triangular E 50 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. teeth ; stem elongated, rooting, very fragile ; asci cylin- drical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 X 9^ ; paraphyses filiform, clavate apices. Peziza ammophila — Dr. and M., "Flo. d'Algerie," t. 28, fig. 2; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1619; " Grevillea," v. p. 59; Cooke, "Mycogr.," f. 100, 373. Aleuria ammophila — Gill., "Champ.," p. 38. Exs. — Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 645. Immersed in sand on the sea-coast, at the roots of Psamma. Autumn. Cups 1 inch high and broad ; rooting stem 2 to 3 inches long. The sand adheres so closely to the floccose exterior that it forms a complete coating. The whole plant is extremely brittle, and so much immersed in the sand as hardly to be recognized. Name — a/u/iog, sand, (piXog, loving ; from its prefer- ence for sandy soil. St. Andrews, N.B. ! (Rev. Mark Anderson). Brampton Burrows, Hfracombe ! (Dr. T. A. Chapman). 10. Peziza rapulum. Bull. Cup infundibuliform, margin at length broadly de- pressed, sub-umbilicate, thin, fragile, glabrous, transparent, varying from whitish straw-coloured to nearly fulvous ; stem slender, elongated, rooting ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, ovate-elliptic, 10 X Ofi ; paraphyses filiform. On the ground amongst leaves, etc. Spring. Peziza rapulum — Bull., " Champ.," p. 265, t. 485, f. 3 ; Fries, "Sys. Mvco.," ii. 59; " Eng. Flo.," V. v. 189 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1967 ; " Mycogr.," fig. 197 ; Gill., "Champ.," p. 38, c. i. (?) Peziza, rapida — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 658. Peziza radicata — Holms., ii. t. 9 ; Dicks., "Crypt.," i. p. 21 ; With., iv. p. 304. Aleuria, rapulum —Gill., " Champ.," p. 38, c. i. (?). The cup is rather shallow, J an inch or more broad ; margin entire except when old, when it becomes reflexed and split ; the exterior near the base is longitudinally wrinkled ; the stem is 1 to 2 inches long, immersed in the ground, ordinarily furnished with fibrils. PEZIZA. 51 This species was for many }Tears included as British on the authority of Dickson, but a specimen now exists in the herbarium of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, figured by Dr. Cooke in " Mycogr." Name — Rapulum, a little turnip ; from the shape, especially of the stem. Subgenus III. — Otidea. Pers. Cup subsessile, externally pruinose, dimidiately elon- gated, or obliquely contorted, becoming incised on the one side. (Plate III. fig. 13.) Name — wtiov, a little ear ; shaped like an ear. Akrangement of the Species. 3. A. Sporidia elliptic, asperate species 11 b. Sporidia elliptic, smooth 5> 12-16 Key to the Species. Cups veined beneath phlebophom Cups even beneath 1 (Paraphyses bent at the apices . . leporina. < Paraphyses erect and branched apophysata. [Paraphyses erect and unbrancliod 2 (Sporidia rough . . . . \ Sporidia smooth pleurota. 3 ("Cups rosy orange . . \Cups reddish flesh-colour onotica. auricularia A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, ASPERATE. 11. Peziza pleurota. Phil. Cup sessile, expanded, nearly cochleate, umber-brown paler externally, elongated on one side ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, asperate, 15 X 8/m ; paraphyses linear septate, apices clavate, brown. (Plate III., fig. 13.) Peziza pleurota — Phil, in Cooke's " Mycogr.," fig. 351. On cow-dung. Autumn. Cup \\ inch wide, elongated on one side, divided nearly to the base on the shorter side ; sporidia rough, with a central nucleus. Name — irXavpov, a side, ovg, an ear. Near Shrewsbury ! 52 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH. 12. Peziza onotica. Pers. Cup substipitate, elongated on one side, ear-shaped, externally mealy ; hymenium rosy or orange ; base at length rugose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 1 to 2-guttulate, 14 x 8/z ; paraphyses thickened at the summits. Peziza onotica — Pers. " Syn. Fung.," p. 637 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 48 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 187 ; Berk., " Outl.," p. 363 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 1974 ; " Mycogr.," f. 210; Karst, "Mvco. Fenn.," p. 41 ; Ditm. in Sturm., "Flo." iii. t. 16 ; Sv, "Bot," t. 486, f. 1 ; Weberb., t. 1, f. 6 ; Gonn. and Rabh., t. 2, f. 1 ; " Flo. Boruss," t. 396 ; Weinm., p. 414; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 210. Peziza leporina — Sow., "Fung.," t. 79. Peziza rosea — Schum., " Saell.," p. 416. Peziza caligata — NyL, "Pez. Fenn.," p. 8. Peziza unicisa — Peck, " Reports of N. Y. St. Mus." Oticlea onotica — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," 329. Peziza ochracea — Karst., "Mon. Pez.," p. 110. Alewria onotica —Gill., "Champ," p. 40, c. i. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Rh," 1232; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ii. 365 ; Rabh, " Fung. Eur," 215 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2313. On the ground amongst leaves, in woods. Summer and autumn. Cup 1 to 3 inches high and 1 to 2J inches broad, most variable in form, sometimes nearly equal-sided and entire, but generally elongated on one side ; exterior pale fulvous ; disc pale orange. The species with which it is most easily confounded is Peziza leporina,, from which it is always to be dis- tinguished by the colour of the disc and the straight paraphyses. Name — 6vogy an ass ; like the ear of an ass. Ciopthill, Bedford (Rev. C. Abbott). Sir Wm. Jenningham's plantation, Norwich (Sowerby). Dorking ; Laxton, Northamptonshire ; Lea, King's Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Suffolk (D. Stock). Near Bristol (Herb, PEZIZA. 53 Leighton). Audley End, Essex (Leefe). Perth (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Weybridge (Mr. F. Currey). Little Plumstead and Cassey, Norfolk (Mr. Trimmer). Coed Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Sufton Court, Herefordshire ! Lilleshall, Salop ! Downton Castle, Salop ! Mol-y-Golfa, Mont- gomeryshire ! King's Lynn (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 13. Peziza leporina. Batsch. Substipitate, elongated on one side, ear-shaped, sub- ferruginous, externally farinose, pale ochraceous or sub- ferruginous ; base more or less stem-like ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 1 to 2-guttulate, 12 — 14 X 7 — 8ju ; paraphyses filiform, curved at the summit. Peziza leporina — Batsch, "EL," p. 117; Pers, " Syn. Fung.," p. 637; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 47; Nees, " Sys," f. 278 ; Berk., " Outl," 363; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1973; Weberb., t. 1, f. 7 ; Gonn. and Rabh., t. 2, f. 4 ; Weinm., p. 414; Cooke, " Mycogr.," f. 211. Peziza auricula — Schseff., "Icon.," t. 156 (in part); "Flo. Dan.," t. 1077, f. 2. Peziza cochleata — Holms., " Ot.," ii. t. 6. Otidea leporina — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," 329. Aleuria leporina — Gill., " Champ.," p. 40. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Rh," 1233; Rehm, "Asco.," 251, 653; Phil, " Elv. Brit," No. 11; Roumg., " Fung. Gal," 9251; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 542. On the ground amongst leaves, in woods. August to October. Cup 1 to 3 inches high, 1 to 3 inches broad, gregarious, often ceespitose ; margin involute, divided to the base on one side ; disc even or rarely wrinkled, a shade darker than the exterior ; paraphyses slender, hardly thickened at the summits, but almost invariably crooked. This fine species grows as large as P. onotica at times, but is not so brightly coloured, being throughout of a sober pale tan-colour, resembling common wash-leather used for cleaning plate. Name — Lepus, a hare ; from the colour or likeness to the ear of a hare. Milton, East Bergholt, Coed Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 54 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Weybridge (Mr. F. Currey). Carlisle (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Newbiggin Quarry, Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Abbots Leigh, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Wrekin, Salop ! Tibber- ton, Salop ! Boreatton Park, Salop ! General Cemetery, Shrewsbury ! Kingsland, Shrewsbury ! Dolgelly, North Wales ! 14. Peziza auricula. Cooke. Subcrespitose, fleshy, elongated on one side, ear-shaped, flesh -red, externally farinose ; asci cylindrical, stipitate ; sporidia elliptic, smooth, 22 — 28 X 12 — 14/* ; paraphyses cJavate at the summits (Cooke). Peziza auricula — Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 213 ; Schaeff, "Icon.," t. 156 (in part). Peziza leporina — Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," No. 512 ; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 9 ; Karst., " Mon. Pez.," p. 111. Aleuria auricula — Gill., " Champ.," p. 40. Exs.— Cooke, "Fung. Brit," No. 473; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," 512 ; Rehm, "Asco.," 652. Cup 1 to 2 inches broad and high. Resembling P. ovotica in habit, but different in colour and fruit (Cooke, I. a). Name — Auricula, the ear; from its shape. Ross, Herefordshire ! 15. Peziza apophysata. Cooke and Phil. Cup sessile, unequal, lobed, subcontorted, elongated on one side, externally umber-brown; hymenium blackish- brown, smooth ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 2-guttulate, smooth, 20 — 22 X 12ju; paraphyses slender, forked near the summits, subclavate. Peziza apophysata — Cooke and Phil, in " Grevillea " (1876), v. p. 60 ; Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 350. On the side of a wet ditch. Autumn. Cup J to 1 inch broad, csespitose or gregarious, irregular in form, margin indented, erect ; paraphyses branched in a peculiar manner. Name — airotyvaig, an offshoot; from the branching paraphyses. Near Shrewsbury ! PEZIZA. 55 16. Peziza phlehophora. B. and Br. Cup poculiform, oblique, substipitate, finely pul- verulent, venoso-costate at the base ; asci C}7lindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 10 — 12 X 6/i; paraphyses sparse, linear. Peziza phlehophora — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1153, t. 3, f. 9; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1970; " Mycogr./' fig. 217. On clay bank. Cup J to 1J inch broad, often rather oblique, yellow or brownish, springing from a very short stem-like base, from which branched ribs are given off, ending in little pits ; hymenium often venose. Name — (p\i\p, a vein, Qtpu), to carry ; from the veined base. King's Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Brislington (Mr. C. E. Broome). Coed Coch, North Wales (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Hill Plantation, near Carlisle ! (Dr: Carlyle). Subgenus IV. — Cochleama. Cooke. Cup sessile, externally pruinose, flexuose, csespitose- contorted. (Plate III. fig. 14.) Although the cups in this subgenus are sometimes laterally divided, they are rarely elongated on the one side, as in Otidea. Name — Cochlea, the shell of a snail. Arrangement of the Species. a. Sporidia elliptic, asperate . . . . . . species 17-19 b. Sporidia elliptic, smooth . . . . . . „ 20-29 Key to the Species. Hvroenium faint purple, changing to pale buff . . Adx. Hymenium olivaceous umber . . . . . . . . grandte. Hymenium orange red ; sporidia rough . . 1 Hymenium orange red or bright yellow ; sporidia smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Hymenium some shade of brown . . . . . . 4 , I Taraphyses globose at the apices .. .. .. fibrillosa. ' \ Taraphyses clavate at the apices . . L . . . 2 56 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 2 JCups large, csespitose, externally pruinose . . . . aurantia. ' \Cups small, solitary, externally smooth . . . . luteo-niteus. o J Hymenium orange-red ; cup sessile . . . . . . leuculenta. ' \Hymeuium bright yellow ; cup substipitate . . var. flavida. . JSporidia rough . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ' \Sporidia smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ,- jHymenium alutaceous, paraphyses linear . . . . alutacea. ' iHymenium dark umber-brown paraphyses linear . . badia. Hymenium pale ochraceous ; paraphyses linear, forked ochracea. fi I Hymenium umber-brown ; paraphyses linear, forked " ) or branched . . . . . . . . . . . . cocldeata. Hymenium umber ; paraphyses clavate . . 7 ["Hymenium pale ochraceous, sessile ; on linen cloth. . liuteicola. „ JHvmenium pale ochraceous, substipitate; on wood . . viicropus. ' j Hymenium brownish yellow, with a shade of red; on ( wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . isabellina. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC ASPERATE. 17. Peziza aurantia. (Ed. Cup subsessile, irregular, oblique ; hymenium orange, externally somewhat pruinose, whitish ; asci cylindrical : sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, asperate, 16 x 8/x ; para- physes clavate at the summits, full of orange granules. (Plate III. fig. 14.) Peziza aurantia — " Flo. Dan.," t. 657, f. 2 ; Pers., " Obs.," 2, p. 76 ; Nees, " Sys.," f. 279 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 49; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 187; Huss., i. t. 37; Berk., "Outl," p. 363; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1975; "Brit. Fung.," t. 1 ; Price, £ 42 ; Weberb., t. 1, f. 1, t. 2, f. 3 ; Gonn. and Rabh, t. 1, f. 3 ; "Flo. Boruss," t. 384; Seer., "Mycogr." iii. 294; Karst., "Myco. Fenn," 43; Weinm. p. 414; Pat., p. 123, f. 278. Peziza aurantiaca — Harzer. t. 72, b. Peziza cochleata — Batsch, f. 157. Peziza, coccinea—Schzvff., " Icon.," t. 148 ; Bull., " Champ.," t. 474; Sow , " Fung.," t. 78. Helvetia coccinea — Bolt., t. 100. Peziza dichroa — Holms., " Ot.," ii. t. 7. Aleuria oMrantia — Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," 325; Sacc, "Myco. Ven. Sp." 167; Gill, " Champ," p. 41, c. i. Exs.— Fckl, "F. EL," 1228; Desm, "Crypt. Fr," i. 521 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 142 ; Rabh., " Herb. Myco.," i. 523; Phil, "Elv. Brit.," 12; Ellis, « N. A. Fungi?' 836 ; Roumg., " Fung. Gal," 2769. PEZIZA. 57 On the ground, often near stumps of felled trees, and amongst chips. Summer and autumn. Cup from J an inch to 5 inches broad, sometimes densely crespitose and much contorted, at others growing singly and equal, not oblique ; disc of a bright clear orange, or deep orange red ; margin often involute ; ex- ternally nearly white, mealy, with minute sparkling granules ; base prolonged into a short stem. The sporidia are coarsely tuberculate, with a prominent apiculus at each extremity. The odour in drying is pleasant, re- sembling Cant har ell us cibarius. Name — A urantius, orange ; of an orange colour. Halifax (Bolton). King's Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Glasgow (Klotzsch). Kirby Bedon, Norfolk (Rev. K. Trimmer). Garthewen, Denbighshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Blaize Castle, near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Bitterly, Salop (Mrs. Price). Moccus, Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Kew Gardens (Mr. C. E. Broome). Epping Forest ! (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Hey- wood Forest, near Hereford ! (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Din- more, near Hereford ! Lyndhurst (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Near Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). King's Lynn (Mr. C. B. Plow- right). Ludlow ! Shrewsbury ! Colwyn Bay (Mr. Walker). Var. A. Stipitata. Phil. Disc bright scarlet ; stem equalling the height of the cup, 4 mm. (about 1J lines). Name — Stipes, a stalk. This interesting variety was sent by the Rev. C. W. Penny, F.L.S., from Wokingham, Berkshire. Var. B. Atro-marginata. Phil, and Plow. Cup 4 lines to 1 inch broad ; hymenium blood-red, wrinkled ; margin black, owing to the presence of minute septate bristle-like hairs ; the tuberculate sporidia are frequently furnished with thread-like appendages at the 58 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. extremities, pointing in opposite directions obliquely to the long axis of the sporiclia. Peziza aurantia ((Ed.), var. atro-marginata — Phil, and Plow., in Gard. Ghron., Feb. 11, 1882, with figure. Name — Ater, black, and margo, a margin. Clenchwarton, Norfolk (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 18. Peziza luteo-nitens. B. and Br. Cup sessile, nearly regular, concave, at length flexuose ; hymenium bright orange-yellow ; externally nearly white, smooth ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, 13 X 6/x ; paraphyses filiform, subclavate at the apices. Peziza luteo-nitens — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 556; Berk, "Outl.," 364; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1976; " Mycogr," fig. 205. On the bare ground. Having carefully examined the original specimens in Mr. Berkeley's herbarium, I found many of the sporidia decidedly asperate, though rather smaller than in P. aurantia. Name — Luteus, yellow, nitens, shining. King's Cliffe ! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Tunbridge Wells ! (Rev. Canon DuPort). 19. Peziza badia. Pers. Cup subsessile, entire, flexuose, dark brown; margin at first involute, externally paler, pruinose, inclining to olive (as well as the margin) ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, minutely asperate, 15 — 17 X Sfi', paraphyses clavate at the apices, sparse. Peziza badia — Pers., " Obs.," 2, 78; Pers., "Myco. Eur.," p. 224 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 46 ; Gonn. and Rabh., t. 1, f 3 ; Seer., "Mycogr.," iii. 296 ; Weberb., t. 2, f. 2; Berk., "OutL," t. 22, f. 4; Huss., ii. t. 13; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 187 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 1969 ; " Mycogr," fig. 226; Karst, "Myco. Fenn.," p. 56; Weinm, "Hym," p. 413 ; Pat, p. 33, f. 79. Helvetia cochleata — Bolt, PEZIZA. 69 " Fung," t. 99. Plicaria badia—Fckl., " Symb. Myco," 327; Sacc, "Myco. Ven. Sp," p. 167. Aleuria badia — Gill, " Champ," p. 43, c. i. Exs.— Rabh, "Herb. Myco," i. 337; Karat., "Fung. Fenn.," 141; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ii. 366; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 9; Winter, "Fungi Eur," 2208; Ellis, " N. A. Fungi," 981 ; Roumg, "Fung. Gal," 1958 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 366. On the ground in grassy, shady places, and on burnt ground. Summer and autumn. Cup 1 to 2 inches broad; base fleshy, often projected into a short stem immersed in the ground, slightly villous and lacunose ; the colour varies according to the degree of moisture and age ; the hymenium is dark umber-brown, externally a little lighter and minutely granular ; the sporidia, when mature, are slightly rough on the surface. Name — Badius, chestnut-brown. About Halifax (Bolton). St. Faith's, Norfolk (Rev. K. Trimmer). Coed Coch ; Aboyne ; Milton, Northamp- tonshire ; Bowood ; Hafod-dunas (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Perth ; Dinmore, near Hereford ; Hampstead (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Tittle worth, Sussex ! Malvern ! (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Weybridge (Mr. F. Currey). Aberystwith ! Trefrew ! Norton Camp, near Craven Arms ! Bomere, near Shrewsbury ! Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). B. SPOKIDIA ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH. 20. Peziza leuculenta. Cooke. Cup sessile, fleshy, pleasant orange-colour, concave ; externally fibrillose, paler ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, obtuse, biguttulate, smooth, 25 X 12m; para- physes clavate at the summits, filled with orange granules. Peziza leuculenta — Cooke in Herb. ; "Mycogr," fig. 208. Peziza luteonitens — Cooke in " Grevillea," iii. fig. 122. Exs.— Roumg, "Fung. Gal./' 2770. On the ground. 60 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Cup scarcely an inch broad, very much resembling P. fibrillosa (Currey), but with decidedly different fruit. Name — Leucidentus, clear ; from the colour. Near Sheffield (Mr. H. C. Sorby, F.R.S.). 21. Peziza fibrillosa. Curr. Cup nearly sessile, irregular, orange, clothed ex- ternally with dingy-white downy fibrillse, which form a rather dense tomentose edging to the cup ; asci cylin- drical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, eguttulate, 16 — 18 X 9/.* ; paraphyses filiform, globoso-clavate. Peziza fibrillosa — Curr. in "Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p. 153 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1977 ; " Mycogr.," fig. 207. On the ground. October. Cup 1 inch broad, often divided on one side ; when young the margin is involute, afterwards erect ; the exterior is very tomentose, nearly white. It resembles P. aurantia, but differs in having smooth sporidia and paraphyses with globose summits. Name — Fibra, a fibre ; clothed with downy fibrillge. Hanham Wood ! (Mr. F. Currey). King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 22. Peziza cochleata. Ball. Cup sessile, csespitose, large, twisted, umber, ex- ternally pruinose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, biguttulate, 16 — 19 X 7 — 8/z ; paraphyses filiform, often branched and curved at the summits. Peziza cochleata — Bull., "Champ.," t. 154, f. 2; Sow., " Fung.," t. 5 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 50 ; Gonn. and Rabh, t. 2, f. 5 ; Seer., " Mycogr.," iii. 296 ; "■ Eng. Flo.," v. p. 188; Berk, " Outl.," p. 363: Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1971 ; " Micogr," fig. 212 ; Weinm, " Hym," p. 416 ; Roumg, " Crypt. Illus," t. 265 ; Berk, Garcl. Chron., 1867. Aleuria cochleata — Gill, "Champ," p. 42, c. i. Fungoides fuscum — Buxb, "Petr,"iv. t. 29, f. 1. Peziza umbrina— Pers, " Obs," i. 77 ; Sv, " Bot," t. 486; f. 2. Elvela ochroleuca — Schseff, " Icon," t. 274. Otidea PEZIZA. CI coehleata— Fckl, "Symb. Myco.," 329; Sacc, " Myco Yen. Sp," p. 107. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh," 1232. On the ground. Summer and autumn. Cup 1 to 2 inches broad, sometimes larger, often densely caaspitose, hence irregular and much contorted. Name — Cochlea, the shell of a snail. King's Cliffe, Laxton, Aboyne, Milton, Lea, Coed Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Llanrwst, North Wales ! Altringham Park, Shrewsbury ! 23. Peziza alutacea. Pers. Cup subsessile, contorted, pallid-fuliginous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, minutely asperate, 12 — 14 X 6 — 7/x; paraphyses linear, sparse. Peziza alutacea — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 638 ; Cooke, "Mycogr.," f. 214. Peziza coehleata j3. alutacea — Fries, "Sys. Myco./' ii. 50; Weinm., "Hym." p. 416. Aluria alutacea — Gill., " Champ.," p. 42. Exs.— Fckl., " F. Rh.," 1229. On the ground in woods. Autumn. Cup 2 inches or more broad, resembling P. coehleata, from which the rough sporidia distinguish it. Name — Aluta, tanned leather; tan-coloured. Milton, 1842, and Coed Coch, 1877; near Hereford, 1878. 24. Peziza grandis. Pers. Caespitose or solitary, sessile, flexuous ; externally olivaceous-umber, with a lacunose albo-tomentose base ; hymenium ochery yellow ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, narrower at the ends, biguttulate, 16 X 7/i ; paraphyses linear, straight or curved at the apices. Peziza grandis — Pers., " Obs.," i. p. 27 ; Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 636. Peziza abietina, var. c. — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 47. Peziza grandis — Boud. in Cooke, "Mycogr," tig. 376 ; Pat., p. 209,' f. 480 (?). Aleuria grandis— Gill.. " Champ.," p. 42 (?). On the ground in pine woods. 62 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Cup 2 to 3 inches broad, 1J inches high, sack-shaped ; margin entire, bat occasionally divided to the base on one side ; externally dark olive green ; hymenium dull ochery brown ; the mycelium ferruginous. Very distinct from P. leporina. Name — From grandis, large. Heywood Forest, near Hereford ! (Mr. C. B. Plo wright). 25. Peziza ochracea. Boud. Cup sessile, caespitose, entire, subflexuous, bright ochraceous, externally furfuraceous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, hyaline, smooth ; 22 — 24 X 12/*; paraphyses linear, often divided at the summits into two or three short obtuse processes. Peziza ochracea — Boud. in Herb.; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 377; Pat., p. 170, f. 374. Aleuria ochracea — Gill., " Champ.," p. 41, c. i. On the ground in beech woods. Spring. Cup 1 to 2 inches broad, fleshy at the base, densely caespitose ; hymenium wrinkled ; exterior coarsely fur- furaceous. The paraphyses are septate, and often branched at the top into two or three short processes. Name — Ochra, ochre ; the colour of yellow ochre. The Wrekin, Salop ! 26. Peziza A dee. Sadler. Cup sessile, subesespitose, cochleate, irregular, be- coming expanded ; margin entire or lobed, reflexed ; hymenium white, rosy white, violaceous, or ochraceus ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 13 X 7/x ; paraplryses linear. Peziza Adce — Sadler ; Cooke, " Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin.," 1857, p. 45 (with figure) ; " Grevillea," vi. t. 97, figs. 1-3. Peziza domiciliana — Cooke in Gard. Chron., 1877. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 649 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit.," No. 154. On damp walls, etc. Cup \ an inch to 2 inches broad ; disc variable in form and colour, but always thin and delicate. TEZIZA. GS Damp wall of Inverleitli House, Edinburgh ! (Miss Ada Balfour, after whom it is named). Garden at Dalston, London (herb, of Dr. M. C. Cooke). 27. Peziza isabellina. Wor. Smith. Cup large, sessile, crespitose, fleshy, subglobose, in- ternally smooth, brownish yellow, with a shade of red, externally paler, subpruinose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 14 X 80 ; paraphyses linear, clavate summits. Peziza isabellina — Worthington Smith in " Grevillea," i. p. 136, t. 9 ; Cooke, « Mycogr.," fig. 241, On decayed coniferous wood. Cup 1 to 2 inches broad. Name — From the French isabelle, dove-coloured, or, as some say, the colour of dirty linen. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 28. Peziza micropus. Pers. Cup substipitate, medium-sized, oblique, flexuous, rather fragile, pallid-fuliginous, externally furfuraceo- granulose ; stem short, rather stout ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 15 X 9^ ; paraphj^ses linear, slightly thickened at the summits. Peziza micropus — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," 642 ; Pers., "Icon, et Descr.," t. 8, f. 3 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 54; Berk., " Outl.," t. 22, f. 5 ; Cooke, " Handbk./' No. 1983 ; Weinm., " Hym.," 418 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 300 ; Pat., p. 121, f. 273. Pustularia micropus — Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," 323. Aleuria micropus — Gill, " Champ.," p. 204. On damp wood, beech, ash, and poplar, and decaying carpet. Spring and Autumn. Cup i to 1 inch broad, hemispherical, or sub-infun- dibuliform ; mouth oblique ; margin furfuraceo-tomentose, and the exterior granulated with large superficial squamules; stem 1J lines long, rather thick, or absent altogether. Name — juucpog, small, wovg, a foot; from the short stem. Fineshade, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 64 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Badminton (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Menmuir, N.B. (Rev. M. L. Anderson). Moccas, Herefordshire ! Castle Rising ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Warwick ! (Mr. Spencer Percival). Yar. flavida. Phil. This differs from the type species in being less fur- fnraceous externally, a brighter colour (decidedly yellow), not pallid-fuliginous, and having sporidia rather longer (19 X 8/i). On decayed wood. Name — Flavus, light yellowish. Moccas, Herefordshire ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright) 29. Peziza linteicola. Phil, and Plow. Cup sessile, crespitose, very fragile, cochleate or entire, fulvous ; externally farinose,hoary; margin crenate; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, eguttulate, smooth, 12 — 15 X 8 — 10 jul; paraphyses linear, septate, clavate at the aj i es. On damp rotting linen cloth. Cup \ to | of an inch broad ; sometimes divided to the base on one side, the edges of the division involute, at others entire, cupulate, arising from white creeping mycelium ; sporidia vary much in size, and are shortly elliptical, approaching globose. The apices of the para- physes are clavate or pear-shaped, with one or two large elliptic transparent nuclei devoid of granules. The cells forming the exterior of the cup are rather small (from 10 — 20/x in diameter). Name — Linteum, linen, and colo, to inhabit ; growing on linen. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Subgenus V. — Discina. Cup large, sessile, or substipitate, between waxy and fleshy, flattened or reflexed, entire or lobed, and some- what waved. (Plate III. fig. 15.) Name — %'igkos, sl round plate. PEZ1ZA. G5 Arrangement of the Species. a. Sporidia globose . . . . . . . . species 30-31 b. Sporidia elliptic, smooth . . . . . . „ 32-35 Key to the Specles. Sporidia spherical, rough . . . . . . . . trarht/carpa. Sporidia spherical, smooth .. .. . .. leionarpa. Sporidia elliptic . . .. .. .. .. ..1 fHymeniuru purple ; cup subglobose . . . . . . coronaria. iHymenium amber-brown ; cup codtate below . . venom. 1. ^Hymeiiium fulvo-rufescent, at length reticulate ; cup Bubstipitate .. .. .. .. .. .. reticulata. tHymeniuni fulvous ; cup repand, substipitate . . repanda. A. SPORIDIA GLOBOSE. SO. Peziza trachycarpa. Curr. Cup orbicular, then plane, very often umbilicate ; hymenium blackish-brown, rough, tuberculate ; externally granulated j asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, muricate, brown, 12 — lo^u ; paraphyses either filiform with clavate apices, or broad, pallid-brown, resembling empty asci. (Plate III. fig. 15.) Peziza trachycarpa — Curr., "Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p. 493, t. 51, figs. 3 and 5; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1061, t. xiv. fig. 13; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 1984; " Mycogr.," fig. 257 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 61. Peziza furva — Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.,". p. 15. Alearia trachycarpa —Gill., " Champ.," p. 203, c. i. Exs.— Rabh, "Fung. Eur.," 620; Karst. "Fung. Fenn.," 457 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit," 57. On burnt ground. Summer and autumn. Cup ^ to 1J broad. Name — rpaxvg, rough, Kap-rrog, fruit ; from the rough sporidia. Ascot ! (Rev. G. H. Sawyer). Norton Camp, near Craven Arms ! Bomere, near Shrewsbury ! Attingham Park, Shrewsbury ! 31. Peziza leiocarpa. Curr. Cup at first connivent, subglobose, externally (prin- cipally towards the margin) rough, vinous-brown, thin, F CG BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. semi-pellucid, sometimes pallid near the base, at length expanded, almost plane ; hymenium olive-brown ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, globose, smooth, 9 — 10/*; para- physes filiform, gradually enlarged at the apices. Peziza leiocarpa — Curr., " Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p. 493, t. 51, f. 4 and 8 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1062, t. xiv. f. 14; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 1985; "Mycogr.," fig. 256 ; Pat., p. 70, fig. 163 (exclude sporidia and paraphyses). Plicaria foveata — FckL, "Symb. Myco," p. 326 (?) On burnt ground. Cup 1 \ to 3 inches broad ; hymenium at first pale, then dark olive-brown. Resembling at first Peziza pustulata (Batsch). Name — Xeiog, smooth, tcapwog, fruit; from the smooth sporidia. Ascot ! (Rev. G. H. Sawyer). B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH. 32. Peziza repanda. Wahl. Cup solitary or c?espitose, large, incised, and repand, internally subrugose, brown ; externally farinose, whitish, base elongated, rooting ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 18 — 20 x lOfj. ; paraphrase; linear, sparse. Peziza repanda — Wahl., " Ups.," p. 466 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 51; Grev, "Sc. Crypt. Flo," t. 59; Berk, "Eng. Flo," v. 188; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1978; "Mycogr," fig. 240; Weinm. ," Hym," p. 117. Aleuria repanda — Gill, " Champ," p. 43. On old trunks and on the ground. Autumn. Cup 1 to 4 inches broad ; cells of the exterior of the cup very large. This is one of the species with which many others have been confounded, so that it is very difficult to quote synonyms with any degree of cer- tainty. If regard be paid to the sporidia, great paucity of paraphyses, and large external cells, there should FEZIZA. 67 not be much difficulty in determining it. Karsten's Peziza repanda (" Myco. Fenn.," p. 54), with sporidia 10 — 14 X 6 — 7jU, must be something different. Fuckel describes the sporidia in his " Symb. Myco." as " episporio granuloso-tuberculato, fusco," measuring 16 X 8ju. This again cannot be the present species (Dr. Cooke in " Mycogr."). Name — Repandus, bent backwards. Milton, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). King's Cliffe and Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Hitchin (Professor Henslow). Foxhall, near Edinburgh (Messrs. Wauch and Greville). Reading; Epping; Rugby (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Attingham Park, near Shrewsbury ! Wrekin, Salop ! Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! 33. Peziza reticulata. Grev. Cup large, fulvo-rufe scent within, plicate in the centre, reticulated ; externally whitish, pruinose ; margin involute, at first entire, becoming variously lacerated, subrepand ; stem either thick and short or none ; asci sub- cylindrical; sporidia 8, elongato-elliptic, smooth, 23 X 10^u; paraphyses clavate apices, filled with brown granules. Peziza reticulata — Grev., " Sc. Crypt. Flo.," t. 153; Kromb, t. 61, f. 18-22 ; Berk., " Outl.," t. 22, f. 6 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 227. Plicaria reticulata — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," 328. Peziza venosa — Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 1968 (partly). Aleuria reticulata — Gill., " Champ.," X) 4S o i Exs.— Fckl, - F. Rh," 2083. Cup 2 to 5 inches broad. This has usually been united with P. venosa, but, as we think, without good reason. The odour is by no means so powerful and nitrous as in that species, the colour is lighter, substance less tough, sporidia more constant, and different in size and form (Dr. M. C. Cooke in " Mycogr."). Name — Reticulatus, made like a net ; from the mark- ings on the hymenium. Foxhall, near Edinburgh (Captain Wauch). Rafford, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Near Lewes (Mr. F. Currey). 6S BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Mossburnford (Mr. Jerdon). Brockley Combe, Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Near Shrewsbury ! 34. Peziza coronaria. Jacq. Cup at first buried, then more or less exposed, sub- globose, splitting in a stellate manner, nearly violet or rosy, externally pallid ; stem short, thick, rooting ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 1 to 2-guttulate, smooth, 15 — 18x8 — 9/x; paraphyses straight, linear, slightly enlarged above, sometimes forked. Peziza coronaria — Jacq., " Misc. Austr.," i. p. 140, pi. 10, 1778 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," f. 238 ; Pat., p. 32, f. 77. Peziza amplissima — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 349. Peziza eximia — D. R. and Lev., " Flo. Alger.," t. 28, £ 9. Peziza geaster — Rabh., " Myco. Eur.," t. 3, f. 5. Peziza macrocalyx — Smith in " Journ. Bot.," 1869, p. 345, t. 98 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1981; Kalch., "Icon. Select.," t. 40, f. 2. ^Peziza sicula — Inzenga, "Fung. Sici.," t. viii. £ 4. Aleuria eximia — Gill., " Champ.," p. 48, c. i. On the ground under trees. Spring. It is found underground, in forests of fir-trees, singly or from two to five together. In its progressive develop- ment it rises about half out of the ground. At first it is closed, but later it splits, star-like, from the top down- wards to the middle of its cup, or sometimes even further down still, into from 7 to 10 more or less pointed strips. The exterior is of a dirty pale blue, clothed with a thin white transient fur, and at the base of the cup is a short stem. In large specimens the cup is three inches high and broad, deeply cup-shaped, with the rim at length bent downwards. The hymenium is at first pale, and later a dark violet (Fresenius). " Cups very large, 4 or 5 inches when expanded ; asci very long ; sporidia uniseriate in the upper portion of the ascus, with one or two nuclei. After having been dried and then again moistened, the nuclei give the sporidia the appearance of being uniseptate. It was doubtless this illusion which led to the sporidia of Peziza eximia, in " Flora d'Algerie," being represented as uniseptate. PEZIZA. G9 This appearance is very deceptive in nucleated sporidia, and is not confined to the present species, as we have observed the same thing in Peziza Sumncr'unia, after it has been for some time dried " (Dr. Cooke in " Mycogr."). Name — Corona, a crown ; from the shape. Chichester, Sussex (Dr. Paxton). Street, Somerset (Mr. W. G. Smith). King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Woodchester, near Stroud ! 35. Peziza venosa. Pers. Cup sessile or substipitate, umber-brown ; externally whitish, rugose with costate veins ; base produced into a very short stem ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, granular within, 18 — 23 X 10 — 12/*; paraphyses copious, clavate at the summit, brown. Peziza venosa — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 220 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 46 ; Weberb, t. 2, f. 1 (?) ; Cooke, "Myco," fig. 228. Elvela cochleata — WiefF. in Jacq, " Misc. Austr," ii. t. 17, f. 1. Peziza ancilis — Rehm, "Asco," No. 402; Cooke, "Myco," f. 372. Aleuria venosa — Gill, " Champ," p. 37, c. i. Exs.— Cooke, "Fung. Brit," No. 557; Rehm, "Asco," No. 402. On the ground. Spring. Esculent. Cup 1 to 2 inches broad or more, nearly as high. The strong nitrous odour of this species is very charac- teristic. Name — Vena, a vein; from the veined hymenium. King's ClifFe, Sibbertoft, Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Warwick (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! Hospital Field, Lynn (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Bristol ! (Mr. Green). Ingham, Norfolk (Rev. K. Trimmer). Subgenus VI. — Galacttnia. Cooke. Cup sessile, entire, fleshy, exuding, when cut or wounded, a milky juice. (Plate IV. fig. 16.) Name — yaXeWTvoc, milky. Two British species. 70 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Key to the Species. Hymenium violet-brown ; juice violet . . .. .. saniosa. Hymenium wax-brown ; juice turning yellow , . suocosa. 36. Peziza succosa. Berk. Cap medium size, fleshy, sessile, hemispherical, pale wax-brown; externally paler, pruinose; margin indexed; juice bright yellow; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, asperate, 20 X 11 — 12/* ; paraphyses linear, thickened upwards. (Plate IV. fig. 16.) Peziza succosa — Berk., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 156, t. 10, f. 5 ; " Outl.," p. 363 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 1972 ; " Mycogr," fig. 243 ; Kickx., " Crypt. Flan," i. 495 ; Pat., 72, f. 166. Aleuria succosa — Gill, "Champ.," p. 45, c. i. Exs.— Phil, "Elv. Brit," No. 10; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 650. On the naked ground in damp and shady woods. Autumn. Cup 1 inch broad, subglobose, then hemispherical, sometimes cochleate, but generally entire, when moist transparent, pale brown ; exterior mealy or pruinose, dirty white ; the juice is limpid and nearly colourless when it issues from the wound, but soon changes to yellow ; the sporidia are certainly rough when mature. Name — Succus, juice. King's Cliffe and Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bristol (Mr. H. O. Stephens). Do i ard Rocks (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Arkol Hill, Salop ! Lilleshall, Salop ! Craven Arms, Salop ! 37. Peziza saniosa. Schrad. Cup sessile, thick, fleshy, campanulate, regular, purplish brown or dark violet ; externally pulverulent, umber-brown or purplish -brown ; juice dark violet, abundant ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 15 X 7'o/ul; paraphyses linear. Peziza saniosa — Schrad, "Bot. Jour," 1799, ii. p. 64; Fries, " Svs. Myco," ii. 65 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 19.31 ; Berk., " Mag. Zool. and Bot," No, 87, t. 7, f. 2 ; Phil, in TEZIZA. 71 C( Grev.," ii. pi. 24, fig. 3 ; Cooke, - Mycogr.," fig. 299 ; Pat., p. 170, f. 375. Alenria saniosa — Gill., " Champ.," p. 46, c. i. On the ground and trunks in very damp, shady places. Cup 4 lines high, 4 lines broad. The flesh is thick, occupying half the height of the cup. The juice issues freely when the flesh is cut. Name — Sanies, gore ; from the juice. King's Clilfe and Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Ercall Hill, Salop ! Doward Rocks, Herefordshire ! (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Bristol (Mr. H. 0. Stephens). Subgenus VII. — Pustularia. Cooke. Cups entire, sessile, externally mealy, granulated, or warty. (Plate IV. fig. 17.) Name — Pustula, a blister ; from the name of the typical species pustulata, which is warted on the exterior. Arrangement op the Species. A. Sporidia globose, asperate . . . . . . species 38 b. Sporidia elliptic, asperate . . . . . . „ 39-40 c. Sporidia elliptic, smooth .. .. .. „ 41-43 Key to the Species. Sporidia spherical, brown, rough . . . . . . radula. Sporidia elliptic, rough . . . . . . . . 1 Sporidia elliptic, smooth . . . . . . . . 2 - /Margin of cup erose, inflexed, paler than below . . pustulata. ' (Margin of cup entire, erect, same colour as below . . indiscreta. 'Cup at first globose ; hymenium pallid brown . . vesiculosa. Cup infundibuliform, then expanded ; hymenium yellowish . . . . . . . . . . . . cerea. ,Cup hemispherical ; disc bright brown . . . . lufonia. A. SPORIDIA GLOBOSE, ASPERATE. 38. Peziza radula. B. and Br. Large, cup-shaped, sessile, at length depressed, vinous brown ; externally black, and rough with subequal warts ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, tuberculate, brown, 72 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 22 — 25/x; paraphyses septate, clavate at the apices. (Plate IV. fig. 17.) Peziza radula — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," xviii. p. 77; "Outl," p. 364; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1987; "Mycogr," fig. 293. On the ground in woods. Cup1 depressed, sessile, nearly an inch across, black externally, broken into nearly equal, distinct, subconical warts, like those of Genea verrucosa; hymenium of a dark vinous-brown ; asci large, obtuse ; sporidia large, globose, containing a single nucleus, rough with obtuse distinct tubercles ; paraphyses septate, with the ultimate articulation clavate (B. and Br.). Name — Radula, an instrument to scrape with ; from the likeness of the surface to a nutmecr-o-rater. Near Bristol (Berkeley and Broome). B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, ASPERATE. 39. Peziza pustulata. Pers. Cup sessile, subglobose, becoming expanded ; hy- menium pallid or smoky brown; externally whitish furfuraceous near the obtuse, entire, inflexed margin, smoky-brown below ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, asperate, 20 X 10/* ; paraphyses septate, clavate at the apices. Peziza pustulata — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 646 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 55; Cooke, " Handbk./' No. 1986; Phil, in " Grevillea," ii. pi. 24, f. 2 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 298 ; Weinm., " Hym.," 419. Octospova pustulata — Hedw, " Mus. Frond.," ii. t. 6, f. A. Plicaria pustulata — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 327. Peziza cochleata, var. /3. — Batsch, "El.," fig. 157. Peziza spurcata — Pers., "Myco. Eur." 226. Peziza plicata — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," i. 226. Aleuria pustulata — Gill., " Champ.," p. 45, c. i. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh," 1227; Phil, "Elv. Brit.," No. 14. On the ground and on charcoal beds. Summer and autumn. PEZIZA. 73 Cup \ an inch to 1J inches broad. The flesh is thick and rather firm ; the exterior of the cup coarsely fur- furaceous, dark sooty-brown, but pale towards the subcrenate margin. It is gregarious, and sometimes crespitose. The apices of the paraphyses are filled with brown granules. Name — Pustula, sl blister; having convex elevations like blisters. Ercall Hill, Salop ! Glamis (Rev. J. Stevenson). 40. Peziza indiscreta. Phil, and Plow. Scattered or crowded, sessile, hemispherical, fleshy ; hymenium concave, blackish-brown ; externally some- what verrncose, umber-brown ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 1 to 2-guttulate, asperate, 16 — 18x9 — 10/*; paraphyses linear, septate, slightly thickened at the apices. Peziza indiscreta — Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," viii. p. 99. On the earth under lime-trees. Cup 4 to 7 lines broad. Name — Indiscretus, not distinguished, or resembling many others. North Wootton, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). C. SPORIDIA, ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH. 41. Peziza vesiculosa. Bull. Cup large, entire, sessile, at first globose, somewhat turbinate, then expanded and campanulate; hymenium pallid-brown; margin connivent, somewhat crenate ; externally furfuraceous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 — 22x12/*; paraphyses linear, en- larged upwards. Peziza vesiadosa — Bull., "Champ.," t. 457, f. 1 • Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 52; Grev., " Sc. Crypt. Flo./' t. 107; Sow., t. 4; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 188; Kickx., "Flo. Flan.," 494; Karst., "Myco. Fenn./' p. 52; Cooke, 74 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES " Handbk," 1980 ; " Mycogr.," f. 242 ; Pat., p. 169, f. 373. Helvetia vesiculosa — Bolt., t. 175. Peziza lycoperdioides — D. C, "Flo. Fr." ii. 87 (partly). Pustularia vesiculosa — Fckl, " Synib. Myco," p. 329 ; Sacc, " Myco. Ven. Sp," p. 167, Aleuria vesiculosa — Gill., "Champ.," p. 45. c. i. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 818; Phil., "Elv. Brit." 13; "Erb. Grit. Ital," 773; Sacc, "Myco. Ven.," 733. On the ground, rich soil, manure heaps, rotten leaves, etc. Spring and autumn. Cup 1 to 3 inches broad, often csespitose, sometimes repand. The base of the cup is very fleshy, and frequently projected into a short thick stem, covered with abundant white mycelium ; the hymenium has a tendency to separate itself from the flesh of the cup at the bottom. Name — Vesicula, a little bladder. Midlands (Purton). Bungay (D. Stock). Fulham (Herb. Kew). Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Paddington (Herb. Ke v). Pen-y-gwyrd, North Wales ! Church Stretton ! Minsterley, Salop ! on manure in my garden ! Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Near Bristol (Mr. Spencer Perceval). 42. Peziza cerea. Sow. Cups large, gregarious, csespitose, infundibuliform, repand, fleshy, very fragile ; hymenium yellowish ; ex- ternally furfuraceous, whitish, with a villous stem-like base ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20x9/1; paraphyses linear, enlarged upwards. Peziza cerea— Sow., "Fung.," t. 3; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 52 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. 188 ; Berk., " Outl.," p. 363 ; Price, fig. 80 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 1979 ; " Mycogr," 244 ; Karst., "Myco. Fenn." p. 54; Bull., "Champ.," t. 44; Weinm, "Hym.," 117; Kickx., "Crypt. Flan.," p. 495. Plicaria cerea— Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," p. 327. Peziza vesiculosa, var. cerea — Rehm., "Asco," 201. Aleuria cerea — Gill., "Champ.," p. 44. Exs.— Fckl, " F. Rh.," 1225 ; Rehm., " Asco.," No. 201. Gn tan beds, on the ground amongst leaves, etc. Spring. PEZIZA. 75 Cup 1 to 3 inches broad. It resembles Peziza vesiculosa, from which it differs in its more fragile texture, and rather smaller sporidia. Name — Cereus, like wax ; from the beeswax colour. Uffington ; Coed Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Twy- cross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Glamis (Rev. J. Stevenson). Forres (Rev. Dr. Keith). On tan, North Wootton ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Ludlow, on tan (Mrs. Price). 43. Peziza bufonia. Pers. Cup hemispherical, often fragile ; hymenium bright brown, externally warty, of the same colour ; margin entire or laterally incised ; stem short, rooting, becoming pallid ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 — 24 X 10 — 12/jl ; paraphyses filiform, clavate apices. Peziza bufonia — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 225 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 54; Berk., Gard. Ckron., Jan. 13, 1866 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1154, t. 3, f. 12 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1982 ; " Micogr.," fig. 292. In moist woods, and on rubbish heaps. Autumn. A fine species, agreeing in size and colour with Peziza umbrina ; externally rough with conical warts, opaque, and of a dingy earth-colour, somewhat resembling P. vesculosa, but distinguished by the brown hymenium and verrucose cup. Sporidia '00075 — *0008 inches (B. and Br.). Name — Bufo, el toad ; warted like a toad. Grantham (Mr. W. Summer by). Subgenus VIII. — Geoscypha. Cooke. Cup entire, or lobed, sessile, externally even, sub- pruinose, sometimes quite smooth. (Plate IV. fig. 18.) Name — yrj, the earth, vxixpog, a cup. Arrangement of the Species. a. Sporidia elliptic, asperate . . . . species 44-45 B. Sporidia elliptic, smooth . . . . . . „ 4(3-57 7(3 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. I. 3 A Key to the Species. Sporidia rough ; hymenium umber-brown .. Sporidia rough ; hymenium livid-purple Sporidia smooth Hymenium black, perforated Hymenium pale buff; margin of cup dentate Hymenium purplish or violet Hymenium some shade of brown Hymenium livid-purple; sporidia oblong-elliptic; paraphyses linear Hymenium livid-purple ; sporidia elliptic ; para- physes clavate 'Hymenium purplish-blue; sporidia elliptic; para- physes slender, subclavate Hymenium varying from yellowish to purple ; sporidia elliptic ; paraphyses stout, clavate Hymenium pale ochraceous ; paraphyses linear Hymenium pale ochraceous ; paraphyses clavate . . Hymenium ochraceous; paraphyses subclavate ; grow- ing on wood. . Hymenium cinnamon ; paraphyses linear Hymenium blackish-brown ; paraphyses clavate, not branched Hymenium blackish-brown ; paraphyses pyriform and branched brunneo-atra. Uvidula. 1 crihrosa. sicbrepanda. 2 3 purpurascens. exidiiformi8. violacea. undata. tectoria. viridaria. mellea. ampliata. sepiatia. sterigmatizans. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, ASPERATE. 44. Peziza Uvidula. Phil. Cup obconical, becoming expanded, at length appla- nate, fleshy, glabrous, livid-purple or fuliginous ; margin entire ; hymenium convex, undulating ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, asperate, 18 — 20 X lO^u ; paraphyses septate, clavate at the apices. (Plate IV. fig. 18.) Peziza Uvidula — Phil, in Cooke's " Mycogr.," fig. 277. On the ground in damp spots. Autumn. Name — Lividiis, lead-colour ; somewhat lead-colour. Near Shrewsbury ! 45. Peziza brunneo-atra. Desm. Cup sessile, solitary, largish, nearly plane, entire, fleshy, fragile, smooth, brown-black ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, ovate, subhy aline, minutely asperate, 20 X 10/i ; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Peziza brunneo-atra — Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," i. 826 ; PEZIZA. 77 "Ann. Sc. i\Tat.," 1836, iii. 244; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 1157, t. 4, f. 18 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2006 ; " Mycogr.," fig. 78. Aleuria brunneo-atra — Gill, " Champ.," p. 53, c. i. Exs.— Desni., " Crypt. Fr.," i. 826, ii. 26. On the ground. Spring. Name — Brunneus, deep brown, and ater, black. Leigh Woods, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. E. Broome and Mr. Spencer Perceval). B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH. 46. Peziza purpurascens. Pers. Cup sessile, campanulate, then expanded, conically attenuated to the base, livid-purple, glabrous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elongate-elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 20 — 22 X 7'5^u ; paraphyses filiform, thickened upwards. Peziza purpurascens — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 242, 1. 12, f. 10 ; Fries, " Sys. Mvco.," ii. 65 ; Gonn. and Rabh., " Myco. Eur./' t. 3, f. 3 ; Cooke, " Grevillea," v. p. 60 ; "Mycogr.," fig. 276. Aleuria purpurascens — Gill., " Champ.," p. 48, c. i. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ii. 543. On the ground. Autumn. Cup i to 1 inch broad. The sporidia are fusiform. Name— Purpuracens, inclining to purple. Shrewsbury ! King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 47. Peziza tectoria. Cooke. Cup sessile or substipitate, globose, afterwards ex- panded, applanate; hymenium plane, subumbilicate, pallid- ochraceous ; externally whitish, furfuraceous, becoming- smooth ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 — 20 X 9 — 10/ul ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza tectoria — Cooke in "Grevillea," iii. p. 119: "Mycogr.," fig. 263; Phil., " Trans. Woolhope Club," 1876, p. 224, with figure. On damp plaster walls. Summer and autumn. 78 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. At first appearing as a small white furfuraceous ball, seated on a white mycelium, J of an inch broad ; when old becoming irregular, If inches broad, margin split and jagged. Name — Tectus, the roof; from its habitat. Dwelling-house, Shrewsbury ! Union Workhouse, Shrewsbury ! Herefordshire County Asylum ! (Dr. Chap- man). Edinburgh, on timber in a house that had been burnt down (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Botanical Gardens, Edin- burgh ; and Epping (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Marlborough (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 48. Peziza ampliata. Pers. Cup sessile, fleshy, fragile, thin, expanding directly from the base, nearly cinnamon, externally pallid, nearly smooth ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 X 19/x; paraphyses linear, slightly thickened upwards. Peziza ampliata — Pers., " Icon, et Descr.," p. 31, t. 3, f. 4; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 76; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 384. Aleuria ampliata — Gill, " Champ.," p. 47. On rotting wood and bark of oak, poplar, etc. Autumn and winter. Cup J an inch to 1 inch or more broad. Name — Amp>lioy to enlarge ; widened out. Near Hereford ! Guildford ! (Mr. Thomas Howse). Cawdor Castle, N.B. ! Hanham Woods, near Bristol ; Kew Gardens (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 49. Peziza mellea. Cooke and Plow. Cup solitary, sessile, hemispherical, glabrous, be- coming applanate, ochraceous ; margin incurved ; hyme- nium honey-coloured ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 X 11/i ; paraphyses slightly clavate at the apices. Peziza mellea — Cooke and Plow., " Grevillea," v. 119 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 383. On decaying ash. Cup about 6 lines broad ; the margin of the cups PEZIZA. 79 slightly elevated and curved inwards ; disc honey-coloured or cream-coloured, externally darker. Name — Mel, honey ; from the colour. King's Lynn (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 50. Peziza unclata. Smith. Cup medium size, stipitate, rooting, fleshy ; hyme- nium slightly concave, afterwards expanded, then re- flexed, generally corrugated, yellowish, buff, grey, purple, or pallid ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 10 X ofi ; paraphyses stout, enlarged upwards. Peziza unclata — Smith in " Grevillea," i. p. 136, t. 10, figs. 1, 2 ; " Grevillea/' iii. fig. 44 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 279. On stems of tree ferns. May. Cup \ to | of an inch broad. Name — Unda, a wave; waved. Veitch's Nursery, Chelsea (Mr. W. G. Smith). 51. Peziza sepiatr a. Cooke. Cups sessile or substipitate, gregarious, hemispherical, soon expanded, becoming applanate ; hymenium plane, umbilicate, blackish-brown, margins lightly elevated ; externally umber-brown, subfurfuraceous ; asci cylin- drical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 — 22 X 11/x; para- physes clavate at the apices. Peziza sepiatra — Cooke in "Grevillea," iii. 119, fig. 135 ; " Mycogr.," fig. 261. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 184; Phil., « Elv. Brit," 105. On the ground in damp, shady places ; on road- scrapings, etc. Spring. Cup J an inch broad, often less, rather brittle. The margin is minutely crenulated, incurved, and paler than the disc. The cells forming the exterior of the cup are 30/x diameter. Name — Sepia, a pigment, aier, black ; brownish black. Shelton Rough, Shrewsbury ! Baschurch, Salop ! Henbury Churchyard, near Bristol (Mr. Spencer Perceval). 80 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Forres, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Epping and Highgate (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 52. Peziza subrepanda. Cooke and Phil. Cups scattered or gregarious, patelliform, fleshy, pale buff ; externally paler, farinaceous ; margin dentate ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 X 9^ ; para- physes filiform, scarcely thickened above. Peziza subrepanda — Cooke and Phil., " Mycogr.," fig. 260. On the ground, charcoal beds, etc. Cup scarcely J an inch broad, very neat and delicate, pale fleshy tan colour, with a regular dentate margin. Name — Sub and repand, bent back ; somewhat bent back. Near Shrewsbury ! wood near Ludlow ! 53. Peziza sterigmatizans. Phil. Cup sessile, concave, becoming expanded and repand, variously contorted, black-brown ; margin crenulated ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 X 9/u ; paraphyses stout, septate, apices clavate, forked, shortly branched, hyaline. Peziza sterigmatizans — Phil., Cooke's " Mycogr.," fig. 304. On damp ground. Autumn. Cup scarcely an inch broad ; paraphyses thick, sep- tate, clavate at the tips, either furcate above, or with short lateral branches or bud-like processes. Name — GTijpiyiua, a support; the paraphyses being like sterigmata. On the side of a damp ditch, Shrewsbury ! 54. Peziza cribrosa. Grev. Cup solitary, black, concave, attenuated downward, rugulose ; hymenium full of lacerated irregular pores ; margin entire ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, hyaline, smooth, 20 x 8 — 9/i ; paraphyses septate, clavate apices. PEZIZA. 81 Peziza cribrosa — Grev., " Flo. Edin," 423 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 381. Helotium cribrosum — Berk., Cooke's "Handbk," ii. 713. On the ground in sandy or gravelly places amongst short grass. Autumn. Large, J to 1 inch broad, hemispherical, at length partly spreading, but always deeply concave, wholly black, but deeper within, somewhat rugose at the base externally ; margin entire, even (Grev., I. c). Name — Crib rum, a sieve ; from the pitted hymenium. Balmuto, near Edinburgh (Dr. Greville). Between Inverness and the west coast (Dr. Greville and Dr. Hooker in 1821). 55. Peziza exicliiformis. B. and Br. Cups gregarious, orbicular, lurid purple ; margin elevated, inflexed ; hymenium cribrose ; stem incrassated upwards ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 17 X 10/z ; paraphyses subclavate at the apices. Peziza exidiiformis — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1480 ; " Grevillea," iii. 120 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 60. On silver sand and rotten wood. March. Cup 2 lines or more wide ; contracting very much when dry. Name — Exidia, a genus of fungi, forma, form ; from its likeness to an Exidia. Cork (Mr. D. Saunders). Stannage Park, Radnor- shire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Glamis, N.B. (Rev. J. Stevenson). 56. Peziza violacea. Pers. Cups gregarious, fleshy, glabrous, at first globose, then campanulate, purplish blue, orbicular, regular, with a thick stem-like base ; margin spreading, entire, sub- repand ; externally pallid, whitish at the base ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 12 — 14 x 7 — V/li '■> paraphyses slightly clavate at the apices. Peziza violacea — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 630 ; Fries, <; 82 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. " Sys. Myco.," ii. 65 ; Karat, "Hon. Pez.," p. 116 ; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," 57; NyL, "Pez. Fenn.," 14 ; Gonn. and Rabh., " Myco. Eur.," iii. t. 3, f. 2 ; " Grevillea," iii. fig. 34 ; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 278. Aleuria violacea — Gill, " Champ.," p. 47. Exs. — Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 455. On the ground. May to October. Cups about 3 lines broad. Name — Violaceus, of a violet colour. Monkstown, Dublin ! (Mr. Greenwood Pirn). 57. Peziza viridaria. B. and Br. Cup sessile, globose, then hemispherical, at length expanded, watery-grey ; externally rough with brown furfuraceous particles ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, smooth, 12 x G'ofi] paraphyses clavate at the apices, and filled with brown granules. Peziza viridaria — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 555; Berk., " Outl," 364; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 1988; Cooke, "Mycogr.," fig. 262. On damp walls and water-butts. Autumn and winter. Cup J to J an inch broad, pale watery-brown, or cinereous, sessile, springing from a white cottony effused stratum. Name — Viridariam, a greenhouse ; from its habitat. Wall of a greenhouse, King's Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Clifton, near Bristol ! (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). Subgenus IX. — Humabja. Cups sessile, entire, hemispherical, then flattened, rather thick, fleshy, mostly highly coloured. (Plates IV. V. figs. 19-22.) Name — Humus, moist earth ; from the usual habitat. Arrangement of the Species. a. Sporidia plobose. (a) Epibpore reticulated. . .. .. species 58-59 (6) Epispore spirmlose . . . . . . „ GO PEZIZA. 83 (c) Epispore echinulate . . . . . . species 61 {d) Epispore smooth . . . . . . „ 62-65 b. Sporidia elliptic. (a) Epispore asperate . . . . . . „ 66-69 (6) Epispore smooth . . . . . . „ 70-92 C. Sporidia subfusiform. (a) Epispore smooth . . . . . . „ 93- 97 1. 2. M Key to the Species. Sporidia globose Sporidia elliptic Sporidia fusiform | Sporidia rough \ Sporidia smooth Sporidia reticulated ; margin of cup white. . Sporidia reticulated ; margin same colour as disc . . Sporidia spinulose Sporidia warted iHymenium yellowish-vermilion; margin crenulate JHymenium. vermilion ; margin entire jHymenium violet (Hymenium brown | Sporidia rough \ Sporidia smooth Hymenium vinous-brown ; cup sessile ; paraphyses purple Hymenium red-brown ; cup substipitate ; para- 6. 9. 10. physes orange-red Hymenium orange-red ; cup externally pallid (Hymenium orange-red ; cup externally pale brown f Hymenium flesh -red jHymenium dull salmon-colour JHymenium bright salmon-colour ^ Hymenium scarlet | Hymenium yellow j Hymenium brown (Hymenium green I Margin fimbriate ; paraphyses branched, yellow . . Margin fimbriate; paraphyses branched, orange-red Margin fimbriate; paraphyses unbranched, yellow Margin entire Exterior of cup brown ; hymenium orange-red Exterior of cup pale, subfribillose Exterior of cup blood-red, glabrous Margin of cup obtuse, glabrous Margin of cup ciliated with white deciduous hairs Margin of cup granular Margin of cup crenulate ! Paraphyses linear, curved ; exterior of cup dark brown Paraphyses clavate, straight ; exterior of cup yel lowish-brown 1 4 14 2 3 Crouani. Ixtirubra. asperior. Wrightii. Polytrichi. comtellatio. violacens. schizospora. 5 6 PhiUipsii. vivida. ruiilans. Chateri. maurilabra. Keitliii. mlmonicolor. 7 9 12 Jungermanni.x, axillaris. leucoloma. pilifera. 8 macrocystis. Sowerbei. humosa. convexula. ascoboloides 10 11 xanthomela . granulata. 84 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 'Paraphyses clavate, branched ; exterior of cup dark brown . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . lechetJiina. , , Paraphyses linear, not branched : exterior of cup " ' pale ochre . . . . . . . . . . . . semi-immersa. Paraphyses linear, not branched; exterior of cup k orange*yellow . . . . . . . . . . glumarum. I Margin of cup dentate ; paraphyses clavate, brown hepatica. Margin of cup granular ; paraphyses linear . . cervaria. Margin of cup glabrous . . . . . . 13 (Paraphyses much branched ; cells of cup very small misturse. Paraphyses not branched, clavate, dirty yellow . . Oocardii. Paraphyses not branched, clavate, brown . . . . depressa. Paraphyses absent ; cells of cup very large. . . . bovina. (Paraphyses linear, curved; cups hemispherical, scattered . . . . . . . . . . . . coralb'na. Paraphyses linear, curved ; cups turbinate, crowded Roumegueri. Paraphyses clavate . . . . . . . . 15 I Externally slightly granulose . . . . . . carbonigena. Externally tomentose . . . . . . . . fusispora. Pubescent towards the margin . . . . . . ollaris. A. SPORIDIA GLOBOSE. (a) Epispore reticulate. 58. Peziza Grouani. Cooke. Cup scarlet, fleshy, glabrous, urceolate, becoming hemispherical ; hymenium applanate ; margin membra- naceous, reflexed, whitish ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, reticulated, 16 — 18^t; paraphyses filiform, simple or forked, thickened towards the apices. (Plate IV. %-19-). Peziza Grouani — Cooke in " Grevillea," iii. fig. 61 ; " Mycogr.," fig. 17. Peziza Polytricki — Karst., "Mvco. Fenn.," p. 62; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 22. Ascobolus Grouani — Cooke, " Jour. Bot.," 1864, f. 3 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1085, t. 16, f. 26; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2198. Lamprospora miniata — De Not., " Disc," p. 34. Ascobolus miniatus — Crouan, " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1858, x. p. 197, t. 13, f. 44-47 (non Preuss) ; Currey "Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p. 495, t. 51, fig. 19. Grouani miniata — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 320; Pat, p. 39, f. 96. Aleuria Grouani — Gill., " Champ.," p. 50, c. i. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 285, ii. 192 ; Fckl, " F. Rh.," 1853; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 658 and 1624. PEZIZA. 85 On the earth amongst mosses, and on the tops of walls. Spring and autumn. Cup 3 to 5 lines broad. Name — After M. Crouan. Slate quarry, Wivelscombe ; Ilford, Essex (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Ascot (Mr. C. E. Broome). Shere, Surrey ; Chichester; Exeter (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Clifton, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Garden wall, Shrewsbury ! Hampstead Canal, near Birmingham (Mr. W. B. Grove). 59. Peziza Icetirubra. Cooke. Cups gregarious, sessile, concave, becoming applanate, entire, glabrous, marginate, cinnabarine, colour unchange- able ; asci cylindrical, stipitate ; sporidia 8, globose, guttulate, hyaline, epispore reticulated, 16 — 18/u ; para- physes filiform, filled with orange granules. Peziza Icetirubra — Cooke in " Grevillea," iii. f. 56 ; " Mycogr.," f. 20. Crouania cinnabarina — Fckl., "Symb. My a," App. ii. 64? (non Peziza cinnabarina — Schw.). On sandy soil. Cup J to 1 line broad ; epispore very faintly re- ticulated. Name — Lcetus, bright or cheerful, ruber, red ; bright red. Wootton Heath, near King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plow- right). (b) Epispore spinulose. 60. Peziza asperior. Nyl. Scattered, vermilion-tawny, applanate ; externally covered with short brown hairs; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, spherical or subspherical, epispore rough with papillae, 20 — 22/1 ; paraphyses slightly clavate at the apices. Peziza asperior — Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 21 ; Karst., "Mon. Pez.," 128; " Myco. Fenn.," p. 75 (ex. syn.) ; " Grevillea," iii. f. 216 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," f. 51 ; Grove's . " Jour. Bot," 1885, p. 133. Exs.— Behm, " Asco.," No. 3. 86 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On damp earth. Autumn. Name — Asper, rough ; rough-spored. Between Hampton and Berkswell, Warwickshire ! (Mr. W. B. Grove). (c) Epispore echinulate. 61. Peziza Wrightii. Berk, and Curtis. Cups scattered, sessile, hemispherical, becoming plane, scarlet; externally furfuraceo-granulated ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, subglobose, at first smooth, afterwards be- coming echinulate, 10 — 11//; paraphyses filiform, branched, apices clavate. Peziza Wrightii — Berk, and Curtis, " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1064, t. xv. fig. 16; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2002; " Grevillea," iii. t. 30, figs. 58, 62 ; " Mycogr.," fig. 18. On trunks of trees covered with Hypnum serpens. March. Cup J to 1 line broad. Name — After Mr. G. Wright. Bodelwyddan, Flintshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). (d) Epispore smooth. (a) Hymenium vermilion. 62. Peziza constellatio. B. and Br. Cups scattered, sessile, rather fleshy, glabrous, con- cave, becoming applanate, vermilion, margin entire ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, smooth, 13 — 14/* ; paraphyses linear, curved apices, filled with orange granules. Peziza constellatio — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1620; Cooke, "Grevillea," iv. p. 110; "Mycogr.," fig. 81 ; Pat., p. 169, f. 372. Peziza humosa — Rehm, "Asco.," No. 4 (nee Fries). Aleuria constellatio — Gill., "^Champ.," p. 207. Exs.— Rehm, " Asco./' No. 4 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 652. On the ground. peziza ST Cups h to 1 line broad. Name — Con, together, stella, a star; like groups of stars. Wrotham (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Doward Rocks, Herefordshire ! (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Cram's Hill, Glamis, N.B. ! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Near Hereford ! 63. Peziza Polytrichi. Schuni. Cup subsessile, orbicular, a little concave, cinnabarine; externally paler, clothed with fasciculate flocci ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, globose, smooth, 11 — ISju ; para- physes filiform, filled with orange-red granules. Peziza Polytrichi— Schum., " Saell.," p. 423 ; " Flo. Dan.," t. 1916, f. 1 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 70 (non Karsten nee Nylander) ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 50. Peziza levbcoloma — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," 63(?). Aleuria rpolytriehi — Gill., " Champ.," p. 50. On the ground amongst Polytrichum. Summer and autumn. Cup 1J to 3 lines broad. Name — Polytrichum, a genus of mosses ; from the habitat. On Tortula rigida, on a wall, Buckingham ! (Mr. E. M. Holmes). (/3) Hymenium red, becoming brown. 64. Peziza schizospora. Phil. Cups gregarious, sessile, urceolate, then applanate, red, becoming brown, externally pruinose ; asci cylindri- cal ; sporidia 8, globose, guttulate, smooth, 12^u ; para- physes filiform, summits clavate, filled with red granules. Peziza schizospora — Phil, in " Grevillea," iii. fig. 59 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 80. On burnt sandy soil. Autumn. Cup 2 to 3 lines broad. The nucleus of the sporidia becomes free when the epispore is ruptured. The external cells of the cup differ from those of P. hinnulea (B. and Br.), and it has not any short hairs as that species has. 88 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — (\og, loving ; from its habitat. Longmynd, Salop ' 126 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. D. SPORIDIA UNKNOWN. 19. Hymenoscypha tuba. (Bolt.) Cup campanulate, disc plane-umbilicate, stem filiform ; altogether bright pale yellow. Peziza tuba — Bolt., " Hist. Fung.," iii. t. 106, f. 1 ; Pers., "Myco. Eur.," p. 278; Fries, « Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 128 (exel. part); "Eng. Flo./' v. p. 202. Meruleus tubceformis — With., vol. 4, p. 146. Helotium tuba — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 355 ; Berk., " OutL," p. 372 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2140. Phialea tuba—Gill., " Champ.," p. 99. On putrid stems of plants, in moist places. " This beautiful little peziza adheres by a claw at the base to the putrid stems of decayed plants in moist places near rills of water. It is shaped like a trumpet in miniature. The height about half an inch. The colour a bright pale yellow " (Bolt., L. a). Name — Tuba, a trumpet ; from its shape. Var. B. Ocltvacea — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.." No. 1486. On a heap of decaying vegetables. Menmuir (Rev. M. Anderson). Subgenus III. — Trichoscypha. Cooke. Cup cyathiform, entire, stipitate; margin furnished with hair-like rigid processes. (Plate V. fig. 26.) Dr. Cooke has shown that the hair-like processes in the four exotic species, for the reception of which he formed the subgenus, viz. Peziza sulci pes (Berk.), P. Hindsii (Berk.), P. tricholoma (Mont.), and P. insititia (B. and C.), are not true hairs, but squamules, composed of a number of longitudinal cells lying parallel to each other, the exterior ones gradually diminishing in length, so that the base of each squamule is broader than the apex. This structure is the same in the teeth of the well-known Peziza inflexa (Bolt.), and although this species is much smaller than the exotic species named above, it must be HTMEKOSGTPHA. 127 placed in the same subgenus. In a more consistent classification of the Discomycetes, this and the two pre- ceding subgenera should be closely associated with the series Phialea of Fries. Name — Sp'iZ, hair, and g\^oq, a cup. In allusion to the hair-like processes with which the margin and some- times the exterior are furnished. 20. Hymenoscypha coronata. (Bull.) Cup at first pyriform or hemispherical, then cyathi- form, glabrous, pallid or yellowish, margin crowned with setaceous teeth ; stem slender, straight or curved ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusiform, 15 — 20 X 3 — 4^u; para- physes rather stout, enlarged upwards. (Plate V. fig. 26.) Peziza coronata — Bull., " Champ.," p. 251, t. 416, f. 4 Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 120; Pers., "Obs.," ii. p. 36 D. C, "Flo. Fr.," ii. p. 83; Karst., "Pez. et Ascob.," p. 29 and " Mon. Pez.," p. 135 ; Nvl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 38 ; Cooke "Handbk," No. 2086; Gonn. and Rabh., iii. t. 6 f. 9 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 307. P. radiata— Pers. "Syn. Fung.," p. 662; "Myco. Eur.," i. p. 287; Nees " Sys.," f. 293. P. subulata— Schum., " Flo. Dan.," 1. 1380 P. denticulata — Schum., "Flo. Dan.," t. 1016, f. 3. Helo Hum coronatum — Karst., " Symb.," p. 237 ; " Myco Fenn.," p. 136. Phialea coronata — Gill., " Champ.," p. 110 Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 872, ed. ii. 72 Rabh., "Herb. Myco.," eel. ii. 219; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.,' 146; Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1183; Phil, " Elv. Brit.," 121 Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 379. On dead herbaceous stems. Autumn and winter. Cup \ to 1 line broad ; stem \ to \\ line high. Scattered or gregarious ; whitish, pallid, or tinged with yellowish brown. Name — Corona, a crown. Shobdon, Herefordshire ! Frequent. Var. inflexa. (Bolt.) Whitish, teeth triangular. Peziza inflexa — Bolt., t. 106, f. 2 ; Sow., t. 306 ; 128 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. "Eng. Flo," v. p. 201; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2037. Phialea inflexa — Gill., " Champ," p. 106. On stems of nettles. Autumn. Name — Inflecto, to bend or curve. Near Halifax (Bolton). Subgenus IV. — Cyathoidea. Smaller than the preceding; cups thin,at first urceolate, then concave or plane, orbicular, glabrous, or subtomen- tose ; stem usually slender. (Plate V. fig. 27.) Rarely exceeding 3 lines in height. Growing on wood, herbaceous stems, and fruit. Name — KvdOog, a cup, elSog, a resemblance. Arrangement or the Species. a. Sporidia oblong or oblongo-elliptic. (a) On dead wood (6) On herbaceous stems (c) On leaves (d) On fruit b. Sporidia fusiform or clavate, broad. (a) On wood (except / 'met igena on fruit) (b) On herbaceous sterns and grass (c) On leaves C. Sporidia fusiform, narrow. (a) On wood (6) On herbaceous stems (c) On leaves d. Sporidia pyriform or reniform («) On fruit (/>) On leaves E. Sporidia cylindrical. (a) On dead wood (&) On root-fibres (c) On carex stems (d) On fruit Key to the Species. Hymenium brown Hymenium pale tan-colour, externrdly farinose Hymenium testaceous (confer smtahi) Hymenium red Hymenium amber Hymenium yellow Hymenium white Hymenium rosy-white Hymenium, ? colour . . species i 21-24 >} 25 1) 26-28 »» 29 »» 30-31 )> 35 >J 36 5* 37-39 «) 40-42 »l 43-44 >s 45 »' 46 J» 47 »» 48 »J 49 1> 50 nitidnla. emergens. 3 electrina. 4 6 rhod rl cv en . aquatic a. IIYMENOSCYPIIA. 129 I. 2.1 n 3. 4. 6. Cups pale cinnamon or brownish-yellow . . Cup externally yellow Cup externally brown SU in short, black Stem short, yellowish-brown Stem short, white or greyish-brown Stem rather long, pallid-brown Stem more or less elongated, stout, pale brow (on seed- vessels) Stem more or less elongated, brown, darker at the base (on leaves) {Cup cyathiform or plane Cup urceolate (on Equisetum) Externally furfuraceous Externally villous Externally glabrous Stem long, tomentose below ; disc orange-yellow Stem long, subflocculose ; disc yellowish-red •{ Stem long, glabrous (at first pubescent) j Stem long, glabrous ; sporidia large . . (Stem short, tomentose below ; disc darkish-yello Externally pruinose ; margin fimbriate Externally pruinose ; margin subdenticulate Externally perpendicularly striate Externally glabrous fGrowiug on larch-leaves Growing on pine-leaves Growing on wood Growing on petioles ^Growing on herbaceous stems (Sporidia oblongo-fusiform \ Sporidia narrowly fusiform or linear \v renisporum. lutescens. 2 strobilina. cahjculus. ameuti. monilifera. cacalix. petiolorum. Broomei. Persoonii* rhizopliila. Laburtd. 5 Hedwigii. virgultorum. fructigena. scut tela. a urea. coucolor. eburnea. TJrtica. 7 advenula. subtile. sordida. albida. 8 clavata. cyathtridt a. A. SPORIDIA OBLONG OR OBLONGO-ELLIPTIC. (a) On dead tvood. 21. Hymenoscypha Broomei (no v. sp.). Scattered, stipitate, cyathiform or plane, flesh red, glabrous, firm ; margin entire ; stem rather slender, cylindrical, flexuous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, rounded at the ends or subfusiform, 15 X 5/z. (Plate V. fig. 27.) Peziza araneosa — Bull., Kew Herbarium. On dead wood. Cup 1 line broad, 1 line high. Name — After Mr. C. E. Broome. * Removed to genus Stamnan'a. K 130 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 22. Hymenoscypha monilifera. (Fckl.) Stipitate, scattered or csespitose ; cup seated amongst Bispora, at first subclavate, at length dilated ; hyinenium concave, patellate when mature, marginate, waxy, externally as well as the rather long stem, smooth, pallid-brown; disc slightly darker; asci elongated; sporidia 8, biseriate, oblong, attenuated towards each end, but obtuse, at length uniseptate, 12 X 4/*, hyaline ; paraphyses filiform, subclavate. Bispora monilifera — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 310. Peziza monilifera — Cooke, " Grevillea," iv. p. 111. Exs.— " F. Rh," 74. Amongst Bispora monilioides on cut timber. Cup J to 1 line broad, J to 1J lines high. Fuckel has constituted a new genus, under the name Bispora, for this species, of which he assumes that Bispora monilioides is the conidial form. Name — Monile, a necklace, and fero, to carry; from its relationship to Bispora monilioides. Dupplin Castle, N.B. 23. Hymenoscypha Heduigii (nov. sp.). Cup stipitate, concave or plane, yellow tinged with orange, margin entire, paler beneath ; stem rather long, lower half tomentose,vhite and enlarged; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia oblong or oblong-elliptic, biguttulate, 7—10 X 3/z. Octospora fungoidaster — Hedw., " Mus. Frond.," ii. p. 53, t. xix. figs. 1—4. Peziza fructiyinea, /3. virgultorum — Fries, " Sys. Myco./' ii. p. 118. P. virgultorum — "Flo. Dan.," t. 1016, f. 2. On twigs of hazel. May. Cup J to 1 J lines broad, height about the same. The cups are at first concave, then plane ; the stem is white, enlarged at the base, and attached to the wood by white mycelium. Name — After Joannes Hedwig. Hanwood, near Shrewsbury ! HYMENOSCYPHA. 131 24. Hymenoscypha lutescens. (Hedw.) Cup stipitate, at first hemispherical, then hypocrateri- form, yellowish ; hyrnenium brownish, margin paler ; stem short or sometimes elongated, slender, flexuose, subcylindrical, pale; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 12 — 15 X 4/* ; paraphyses slender, filiform. Octospora lutescens — Hedw., " Mus. Frond.," ii. t. 9, f. 3. Peziza lutescens — A. and S., p. 334; "Flo. Dan.," t. 1440, f. 1 ; Wahl., " Ups," p. 465 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 120. Helotium lutescens — Berk., " Outi," p. 372 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2134. Phialea lutescens — Gill., "Champ.," 157. On dead twigs amongst moss, etc. Cup J to 1J lines broad, and as much high. Gre- garious. Name — Luteus, yellow ; yellowish. Bloxham in Herb. Kew ! (b) On herbaceous stems. 25. Hymenoscypha rhodoleuca. (Fries.) Cup plane, rosy -white, glabrous; stem nearly equal, slender, same colour ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 10 — 14x4/*; paraphyses filiform. Peziza rhodoleuca — Fries, " Obs. Myco.," ii. p. 306 ; "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 127; Karst., "Pez. et Asco.," p. 31; and "Mon. Pez.," p. 139. Helotium rhodoleucum — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 355 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 128. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 152. On dead branches of Equisetum, in damp places. Spring. Cup J to f line broad ; stem varying from J to J a line high. When young this plant is pyriform, but soon becomes expanded, and at length plane or convex. The colour is a beautiful rosy-white. Name — po^ov, a rose, Ahokoc, white ; rose-white. Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! 132 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. (c) On leaves. 26. Hymenoscypha petiolorum. (Rob.) Rather large, stipitate, often solitary ; cup fulvous, concave, then plane, margined with somewhat triangular teeth ; stem more or less long ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, curved, 2-guttulate, 17 X 4ju ; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Peziza petiolorum — Rob. in Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1158, ed. ii. 658; "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1842, p. 91. Peziza denigrans — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 309. Phialea petiolorum — Gill., " Champ.," 102. Exs.— Desm., I c. ; Fckl, " F. Rh.," 2193. On petioles of beech, etc. Autumn. Cup about \ a line broad ; stem reaching sometimes \ an inch in length. The margin is furnished with minute, somewhat triangular teeth, easily overlooked in dried specimens — not large enough to warrant putting it in the subgenus Trichoscypha. Name — Petiole, the stalk of a leaf; from its habitat. Shrewsbury ! 27. Hymenoscypha subtile. (Fries.) Cup stipitate, plano-convex, concave beneath, rather firm, white, becoming pallid-ochraceous ; stem slender, rather short ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or subfusiform, 5x2/*; paraphyses filiform, slender, scarce. Helotium subtile — Fries, " Obs. Myco.," ii. p. 310 ; " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 354 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 131 ; Cooke, "Handbk," 2130; Fckl., "Symb. Myco," 315. Peziza subtilis — Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 157 ; "Eng. Flo." v. p. 208. Phialea subtile— Gill., " Champ," p. 161. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn," 68; Fckl, "F. Rh," 1160; Roumg, "Fung. Gal," 1265. On decaying leaves of pine in shady woods. Autumn. Cup about 500 to 800/x broad, and 200 to 600^ high. Scattered; at first white, becoming yellow when dried. A very minute and delicate species. HYMEXOSCYrHA. 133 Name — SubtUis, small, delicate. Rose Hill, near Shrewsbury ! 28. Hymenoscypha advenula. Phil. Cup stipitate, concave or plane, tough, white or }Tellowish white ; stem equal, slender ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 8 — 9 X 2 5 — 4yz ; paraphyses slenderly filiform, scarce. Helotium advenulum — Phil, " Grevillea," vi. p. 24. Exs.— Phil., " Elv. Brit," No. 133. On fallen decaying leaves of larch. Spring. Very minute, scattered, or gregarious. Varying from the preceding so little that I had some misgiving at first whether it should be separated, but the sporidia are nearly double the size. Name — Advena, a stranger; a little stranger. Trefriw, North Wales S (d) On fruit. 29. Hymenoscypha strobilina. (Fries.) Pyrif orm, firm ; cup concave, pallid-rufescent ; margin tumid, entire ; stem short, black ; asci subcylindrical, slender, slightly enlarged towards the top ; sporidia 8, oblong or fusiform, 8 — 12 X 25/z; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza strobilina — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 125 ; Karst., " Pez. et Ascob.," p. 30 ; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 41 ; " Grevillea," ii. p. 186. Ombrophila strobilina — Karst., " Myco. Fenn." p. 92. Exs. — Karst., " Fung. Fenn." ; Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," ed. ii. Nos. 222 and 624; Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 40; Roumg., "Fung. Gal.," 1254. On fir-cones. Autumn and winter. Cup 300 to 500/x broad, and the same high ; disc at first urceolate, afterwards more expanded ; the texture is tough, and when dry the plant is rigid and black. Name — Strobilis, a pine-cone ; from the habitat. Derbyshire ! (Mr. James Renny). North Wootton, 134 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Near Hereford ! near Shrewsbury ! Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). B. SPOMDIA BROADLY FUSIFORM OR CLAVATE. (a) On wood (one on fruit). 30. Hymenoscypha aquatica. (Curr.) Cup stipitate ; disc minute, very little wider than the apex of the delicate, almost filiform stem, concave or convex ; asci cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, colourless, elliptic or clavate, biguttulate, 13—15 X 5—6u. Helotium aquaticum — Curr., "Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p. 154, t. 25, f. 19; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2139. On fragment of stick in water. May. Cup J- a line broad ; stem about 2 to 2 J lines long ; solitary. The measures of the sporidia given above are derived from Mr. Currey's original specimen. It is to be regretted he made no note of the colour. Name — Aquaticus, of the water; from its habitat. Paul's Cray Common, Kent! (Mr. F. Currey). 31. Hymenoscypha virgultorum. ( Vahl.) Gregarious, stipitate, tough, glabrous, hymenium yellowish red, at length rufous; cup patellseform or frequently convex ; exterior paler ; stem slender, attenu- ated downwards, subflocculose ; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, often slightly curved, biguttulate, becoming 1 to 2 pseudo-septate, 14 — 23 X 3 — 5fi; para- physes filiform. Peziza virgultorum — Vahl., "Flo. Dan.," t. 101G, f. 2 ; Nyl, " Pez. Fenn," p. 37 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. (as var. /3 of fructigena). Helotium virgultorum — Karst, "Myco. Fenn," p. 109; Cooke, " Handbk./' 2133 (exs. part). On dead branches of trees. Autumn. This nearly resembles fructigena, and is regarded by many high authorities as a variety of that species, but it HYMENOSCYPHA. Itfo differs in the sporidia and the colour of the disc. This is a common species in damp shady woods. Name — Virgultum, a twig ; from the habitat. North Wootton, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Colwyn Bay, North Wales ! Shelton Rough, Shrewsbury ! 32. Hymenoscypha fructigena. (Bull.) Gregarious, tough, glabrous, pallid, becoming yellow- ish ; cup patelkeform ; stem long, thin, flexuous ; asci c}dindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, clavate or fusiform, biguttulate, becoming pseudo-1 -septate, 15 — 17 X 3 — 4/x; paraphyses filiform. Peziza fructigena — Bull., " Champ.," p. 263, t. 228 ; Batsch., "EL," t. 150; Sow., t. 117; Pers., "Obs.," i. p. 42; Nees., "Sys.," f. 292; Schum., " Saell.," p. 420; A. and S., p. 331 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 118 (in part) ; Karst, "Myco. Fenn.," p. 113; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 314; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 201. Phialea fructigena — Gill., " Champ.," p. 99, c. i. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1060, ed. ii. 460; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.,"'479, ed. ii. 392. On acorns, beech-mast, and chestnuts. The hymenium is usually white at first, afterwards it becomes yellow ; the exterior dirty white ; the stem is attenuated towards the base, not unfrequently minutely pubescent ; the sporidia vary from clavate to fusiform, straight or slightly curved, with two guttulse, becoming uniseptate. Name — Fructus, fruit, gigno, to bear ; growing on fruit. Dinmore, near Hereford ! North Wales ! Forres, N.B.! (Dr. Keith). Scarborough ! (Mr. Massee). Colwyn Bay, North Wales ! 33. Hymenoscypha laburni. (B. and Br.) Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, concave or plane, externally villose, furfuraceous, pale ; margin inflexed ; hymenium ochraceous, bright-coloured ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, sub-acute or clavate, 2 to 136 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 4-guttulate, 17 — 27x5 — 9/x; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Helotium labumi — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 1624 ; " Grevillea," v. p. 62. On decorticated branches of Cytisibs laburnum, or beneath the cuticle, which it seems to throw off. Cups \ to \ a line broad, gregarious, fleshy, firm ; flesh yellowish-white. Name — Laburnum, a well-known tree. Menmuir, N.B. ! (Rev. M. Anderson). 34. Hymenoscypka calyculus. (Sow.) Cup stipitate, concave, margin elevated or expanded, yellowish-brown, fleshy, firm, smooth ; stem short, thick, attenuated downwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic or clavate, straight or slightly curved, 15 — 18 X 3 — 5/u; paraphyses filiform, slender. Helotium calyculus — Berk., " Outl.," p. 372 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2142. Peziza calyculus — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 129; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 202 ; Sow., t. 116 ; With., iv. p. 307; Purt., ii. and iii. No. 1033. P. in- fundibulum — Grev, " Flo. Edin.," p. 423; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 130; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 961 ; Batsch, f. 147. Phialea calyculus — Gill., "Champ.," p. 108. On decorticated wood and branches. „ Cup about 1 to 1J- lines broad, and the same high. Bright clear brown, flesh firm; disc concave or plane ; stem short, enlarging upwards into the cup. This has probably been confused with H. serotinum and ferru- gineum, but the sporidia differ. Name — icaAu?, the cup of a flower ; from its shape. Near Shrewsbury ! Forres ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). (b) On herbaceous stems. 35. Hymenoscypha scutula. (Pers.) Cup hypocrateriform, becoming nearly plane, firm, glabrous, testaceous yellow; stem rather slender; asci IIYMENOSCYrilA. 137 cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or clavate, straight or curved, 2 to 3-guttulate or pseudo-septate, 13 — .25 x 4 — 6/u; paraphyses filiform. Peziza scutula — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 284 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco./' ii. p. 123 j Kickx., "Flo. Flan.," i. 485; Nees, f. 282. Helotium Bcutula — Karst., " Symb.," p. 233 ; "Myco. Fenn.," 110; "Scott. Nat.," vi. 125. Phialea scutula — Gill., "Champ.," p. 108. Helotium virgultorvm —Pat., p. 38, f. 94. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 739; Sacc, "Myco. Ven.," No. 728. On dead herbaceous stems, Spirea Ulmaria, etc. Cup i to 1 J lines broad ; stem J to 2 J lines long. This species has a group of near allies which can be regarded only as varieties. Name — Scutum, a shield ; from its resemblance when fully expanded to a little shield. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. J. Keith). Falmouth ! (Mr. E. M. Holmes). Persley Den, near Aberdeen ! (Professor Trail). Var. facata. Phil, in "Elv. Brit.," No. 120. Cup subhemispherical ; margin incurved ; disc brown- ish yellow ; externally whitish, stained irregularly with dirty yellow. On dead stems of Polygonum lying in water. Ellesmere, Salop ! Var. LysvmachioB. Phil, in " Elv. Brit.," No. 120a. On dead stems of Lysimachia vulgaris. Shrewsbury ! Var. Menthol. Phil. Cup plane or convex ; disc bright yellow ; stem slender ; sporidia 14 — 2 X 3 — 5fi ; 2 to 3 guttulse, often pseudo-uniseptate. Helotium Menthce in " Elv. Brit.," No. 188. On decaying stems of Mentha. I08 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Lysimachia, a genus of Primulacece ; from its habitat. Shrewsbury ! Var. Rwdbeckice. Cup 1 line wide; stem about 1 to 1J lines high, cylindrical, expanding into the base of the cup ; sporidia 18—25 X 4— b>. On dead stems of RudbecJcia. Name — RudbecJcia, a genus of Composite^ • from its habitat. Batheaston ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). (c) On leaves. 36. Hymenoscypha albida. (Rob.)' Cup at first subhemispherical, then plane, white, glabrous, margin entire ; stem rather stout, enlarged upwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblongo- elliptic, 2 to 3-guttulate, curved, becoming pseudo-septate, 15 — 17 X 4/* ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza albida — Rob. in Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 2004, and ed. ii. 1604 ; "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1851, vol. xvi. p. 323. Helotium scutula, var. albidum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 112 ; " Grevillea," vi. p. 127. Phialea albida —Gill., " Champ," p. 105. Exs. — Desm, " Crypt. Fr," I. c. On decaying petioles of Fraxinus. Cup i to 1 line broad ; stem about the same long. When fresh this is ivory-white ; the stem is often brown at the base. Name — Albidus, inclining to white; whitish. Copthorn, near Shrewsbury ! Var. jEsculi. The sporidia are larger than in H. albida, 20 — 23 X 4 — ojul, and more frequently clavate. On petioles of horse-chestnut. Name — ^Esculus, the horse-chestnut ; from its habitat. Shobdon Court, Herefordshire ! HYMENOSCYPHA. 139 C. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM, NARROW. (a) On wood. 37. Hymenoscypha aurea. (Pers.) Cup stipitate, concave, or plane, fleshy, darkish- yellow, glabrous, except at the base of the slender, rather long stem, which is tomentose and white ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong- fusiform, simple or pseudo-septate, 9 — 10 X 1 — 2/x ; paraphyses filiform, slender, sometimes branched. Helotium aureum — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 678 ; A. and S, p. 350; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 156; Gill., "Champ.," p. 155. On decorticated wood, especially pine. Cup about J to 1 line broad; stem about 1 to 1J lines long, gregarious, slender, but firm. Name — Aureus, golden ; from the colour. Near Shrewsbury ; Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). 38. Hymenoscypha emergens. Cooke and Phil. Scattered or fasciculate, emerging from beneath the bark ; cups hemispherical or infundibuliform, stipitate, glabrous, pale ochraceous ; hymenium darker ; margin entire ; stem flexuose, tapering downwards ; asci cylin- drical, or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia fusiform, simple, straight or slightly bent, 12 — 14 X 1 — 12/*; paraphyses not seen. On dead branches of a tree, emerging from beneath the bark. Cup i to f line broad ; height, including stem, J to f line. Name — Emergo, to issue ; from its habit of growth. Scotland ! (Capt. Carmichael in Kew Herb.). 39. Hymenoscypha concolor. Phil. Cup hemispherical, thin, firm, pallid or dirty white ; externally pruinose ; hymenium pallid-brown ; margin minutely fimbriate ; stem short, rather stout ; asci cylin- 140 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or subfusiform, 8 — 10 x 2 — 3/x; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza concolor — Phil, in " Grevillea," viii. p. 102 ; Steven., " Myco. Scot," p. 321. On hard decorticated wood. Cup J to J a line broad ; stem J of a line long. Name — Concolor, of the same colour ; without varia- tion of colour. Forres, N.B. I (Rev. Dr. Keith). b. On herbaceous stems and grass. 40. Hymenoscypha cyathoidea. (Bull.) Cup at first pyriform, then hemispherical, at length expanded, thin, tough, glabrous, white or pallid, margin entire ; stem rather long, fiexuous, attenuated downwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform or linear, 5 — 8 X 1 — 1'd/ul; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza cyathoidea — Bull, " Champ," p. 250, t. 416, f. 3 Pers, " Syn. Fung," p. 662 ; " Myco. Eur./' L p. 284 ; Fries " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 124 ; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 202 Nees, f. 294. P. 'pedicellata — Sow, t. 369, f. 4 ; Cooke "Handbk," No. 2092; Karst, "Pez. et Ascob," p. 30 Nyl, " Pez. Fenn," p. 40 ; Gonn. and Rabh, iii. t. 6, f. 7. Gyathicula vulgaris — De Not, " Disc," p. 27. Helotium cyathoideum — Karst, " Myco. Fenn," p. 136. Phialea cyathoidea — Gill, " Champ," p. 106. Exs.— Desm, " Crypt. Fr," ed. i. 1061, ed. ii. 461 ; Berk, exs. 158; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 836; Fckl., " F. Rh," 1179 ; PhiL, " Elv. Brit," 79, 80 ; Rehm, " Asco," 306 ; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 832 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 377. On dead herbaceous stems, thistle, potato, Lychnis, Heracleum, etc. Cup J to f of a line broad ; the stem about \ a Kne long. Scattered or gregarious, cyathiform, texture tough, when quite young slightly pruinose externally; the stem slender, variable in length. Name — kvciOoc, a little cup, ztSog, a resemblance. HYMKNOBCYPIIA. Ml Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Neatishead (Dr. Cooke). Church Stretton, Salop ! Wrekin, Salop ! Var. Epilobii. Cooke in " Fung. Brit.," No. 378. On dead stems of Epilobium. Furden, Montgomeryshire (Rev. E. Vize). Var.Solami. Pers., " Obs.," 2, p. 80. On dead potato-stems. Exs. — Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 377. Wellington, Salop ! 41. Hymenoscypha Urticce. (Pers.) Cup turbinate, pal lid- white or fuscescent, perpendicu- larly striate, firm ; margin connivent, slightly pruinose ; hymenium urceolate ; stem rather short, equal, smooth ; pale yellow ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- lusiform, 7 — 8 X 2/x. Peziza Urticce— Vers., " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 286 ; Nyl., "Pez. Fenn.," p. 39; Karst., " Mon. Pez.," 136. Peziza striata— Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 122; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 307. Helotium Urticce — Karst., "Symb.," p. 237 ; and " Myco. Fenn.," p. 133. On dead stems of nettles. Autumn and winter. Cup about J of a line ; stem about the same. Name — Urtica, generic name of the nettle. Church Stretton, Salop ! Clungunford, Salop ! Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). 42. Hymenoscypha clavata. (Pers.) Cup cyathiform, pallid or fuscescent, glabrous, firm ; stem rather thick, enlarging into the base of cup ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, 4—8 X 1—2^. Peziza clavata — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 285 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 122 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 307. Helotium clavatum — Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 135. Phialea clavata — Gill., " Champ.," p. 110. Exs.— Phil, " Elv. Brit.," 124. 142 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On dead stems of Angelica and Pteris. Cup about J of a line broad ; stem about the same long ; scattered or gregarious. Name — Clava, a club; shaped like a club. Near Shrewsbury ! (c) On leaves. 43. Hymenoscypha nitidula. (B. and Br.) Cup minute, subhemispherical, irregular; externally pale watery tan, minutely farinaceous, glistening, rather firm ; stem short, equal ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 7 — 10 X S/ul ; paraphyses very slenderly fili- form. Peziza nitidula — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 570 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2091. On dead leaves of Air a cosspitosa. Winter. " Scattered ; cup slightly concave, at first subhemi- spherical, then nearly plane, often irregular, covered with glistening mealy particles. Allied to the preceding (Peziza cacaliai), but distinguished by its uniformly mealy surface, irregular shape, and depressed, not clavate, cup" (B. and Br.). Name — Nitidus, shining ; somewhat shining. Batheaston, near Bath ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). 44. Hymenoscypha electrina. Phil, and Plow. Cup subhemispherical, glabrous, shining, amber- colour, when moist subgelatinous ; stem rather short, firm, darker at the base ; asci narrowly clavate, pointed at the summit ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 5 X 1/u. Peziza electrina — Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," viii. p. 155 ; " Scott. Nat.," i. (new ser.), 86. On pine leaves, intermixed with Dacryviyces suc- cineus, Fries, of which it is the ascigerous stage. Cup 100 to 500/x broad, stem not quite as long as the breadth of cup. Name — Electrum, amber ; from the colour. Forres, N.B. ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 1IYMEN0SCYPIIA. 143 D. SPORIDIA PYRIFORM OR RENIFORM. (a) On fruit. 45. Hymenoscypha amenti. (Batsch.) Cup concave, then plane, at length convex, firm, white, becoming greyish-brown ; stem short, enlarged upwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, subpyri- form, 8 X 3/i ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza amenti — Batsch, " Cont.," i. p. 211, f. 148; Pers., "Myco. Eur.," p. 314; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 127 ; Karat., " Pez. et Ascob," p. 31 ; and " Mori. Pez.," p. 140. Helotium amenti — Karst., " Myco. Fenn," p. 128; Gill., " Champ," p. 158, c. i. Exs.— Rabh, "Fung. Eur," ed. ii. 809 and 1621; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 27; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 123; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 649. On dead catkins of willow in damp places. Cup 200 to 500/i broad; height, including stem, 200 to 6OO/1. A minute species, easily recognized by the pyriform sporidia. Name — Amentum, a catkin ; from the habitat. Wrekin, Salop ! (6) On leaves. 46. Hymenoscypha renisporum. (Ellis.) Stipitate, concave, at length plane, pale cinnamon or brownish-yellow ; stem equal, slender, darker below ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, biseriate, reniform, 10/i long, 5/i in the broadest part, biguttulate ; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Helotium renisporum — Ellis in Cooke's " Synop. Disc. U. S." Ombrophilo; Sydowiana — Rehm in Exs. Syd, " Mycoth. Mar," 666. Peziza recedens — Phil, in Herb. Ciboria Sydowiana — Rehm in " Asco," No. 802. Exs.— Rehm, "Asco," I. c. ; Syd, "Mycoth. Mar," I. c. On decaying leaves of oak, etc, chiefly on the petioles and ribs. Autumn. Cup J to 1 line broad ; stem rather long. The 114 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. margin in the British specimens is subfimbriate, re- sembling H. petiolorum, Rob., to which, indeed, it is closely allied. Name — Renes, the kidneys, (nropog, a, seed ; from the shape of the sporidia. Nescliff, near Shrewsbury ! E. SPORIDIA CYLINDRICAL. (a) On dead wood. 47. Hymenoscypha sordida. (Fckl.) Gregarious, stipitate, glabrous, dirty white, patelli- form, marginate, margin becoming crisped and lacerated, involute; stem firm ; hymenium becoming reddish; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical, curved, hya- line, 6— 10 X 1— 2/x. Pezizella sordida — Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," p. 299 ■ " Scott. Nat.," vi. 163. Exs.— Fckl., " F. Rh.," No. 2078. On broome, Rosa canina (Fckl). Cup \ to J a line broad, thin, when moist soft ; stem very short. Name — Sordidus, dirty ; dingy in colour. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). (b) On root-fibres. 48. Hymenoscypha rhizophila. (Fckl.) Cup stipitate, at first infundibuliform, then plane, immarginate, whitish furfuraceous ; hymenium vitelline ; stem rather long ; asci linear, attenuated at each end ; sporidia 8, cylindrical, straight, hyaline, 12 X 2/ll. Helotium rhizophilum (Fckl.) — Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2155 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 156. Ciboria rhizophila — Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," p. 312. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh.," No. 1598. On rhizomes of grass. May. Cup 1 to 1J- lines broad. HYMENOSCYPHA. 145 Name — pi^a, a root, (/x'Aoc, loving ; found on roots. Shere, Surrey (Dr. Capron). (c) On car ex stems. 49. Ilymenoscypha eburnea. (Rob.) Cup hemispherical, ivory-white, margin denticulate, subpruinose ; stem short, incurved ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly cylindrical, curved, 5 X l/i. Peziza eburnea — Rob. in Desm., " Crypt. Fr./' ed. i. No. 2004, ed. ii. No. 1604; Desm., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1851, vol. xvi. 323. Helotium ebumeum — Gill., " Champ.," p. 160. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," I c. On Carex Pendula. Autumn and winter. Cup 400/x broad ; stem 200/* long ; scattered or gre- garious; glabrous except the margin, which is slightly pruinose. . M. Roberge found it on Holcus and Dactylis. Name — Eburneas, made of ivory. Forres, N.B. I (Rev. Dr. Keith). (d) On Fruit 50. Hymenoscypha cacalia?. (Pers.) Cup turbinate or subhemispherical, brownish, gla- brous, firm, mouth subconnivent, paler ; stem rather long, slightly thickened ; asci subcylindrical ; sporidia 8, narrowly cylindrical, somewhat curved, 8 X lit. Peziza cacaliw — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 285 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 122 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 307 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist." No. 569 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2090. Phialea cacaliaz — Gill., "Champ.," p. 104. Exs.— Fckl, " F. Rh," 2283 ; Berk, in Kew Herb. On seed-vessels of the common stock, and herbaceous sterns. Cup about 500/* broad ; stem about 300/t long, but sometimes nearly absent. The dimensions of sporidia given above are from FuckeL 146 BRITISH DISCOMYOETES. Name — Cacalia, an herb ; from its habitat. Guernsey, in Herb. Berk. ! Genus IV. — Chlorosplenium. Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 356. Cup stipitate, concave or plane, glabrous, waxy, tough ; seruginous green or olivaceous. (Plate V. fig. 28.) Name — xXajpog, green, ottAtjv, the spleen ; from the colour. Readily distinguished by their dark colour, olivaceous or verdigris-green. They are often irregular in form, and the margin often repand. C. ceruginosus stains the wood on which it grows with its green mycelium. Arrangement of the Species. a. Sporidia elliptic .. .. . .. .. species 1 b. Sporidia fusiform . . . . . . . . . . „ 2 A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC. 1. Chlorosplenium versiforme. (Pers.) Gregarious, stipitate or subsessile ; cup concave, be- coming plane or convex, difformed or contorted ; hyme- nium yellowish olive or fuliginous brown ; stem slender, often absent ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 8x^; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza versiformis — Pers., " Icon, et Descr.," p. 25, t. 7, f. 7 ; " Syn. Fung.," p. 647 ; " Myco. Eur.," p. 243 ; A. and S., p. 314 (b. livida) ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 131 ; Karst., " Mon. Pez.," p. 141. Helotiwm versiforme —Berk., " Outl," p. 372, t. 2, f. 6 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2152; Gill., "Champ.," p. 158. Chlorosplenium versiforme — De Not., " Disc," p. 22 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn./' p. 102. Peziza bulgarioides — Rabh., " Hedw.," 1870, p. 136. Exs.— Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 1008, 1311 ; Berk., "Brit. Fung.," 274; Thum, " Mycoth. Univ.," 217; Berk., 274; Ellis, " N. A. Fungi," 988. CHLOROSPLENIUM. 147 On fir-cones and ash-stumps. Cup 5 lines broad ; entire height about the same. Name — Verto, to turn, forma, shape ; variable in form. Apethorpe ! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). B. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM. 2. Chlorosplenium ceruginosum. (" Flo. Dan.") Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, head turbinate, then expanded, subnexuose, verdigris-green ; hymenium paler ; stem short, rather stout ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 10 — 14 X 3*5 — 45/x ; paraphyses filiform, slender. (Plate V. fig. 28.) Peziza aeruginosa — " Flo. Dan.," t. 1260, f. 1 ; Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 617 ; and " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 219 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 130 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 202 ; " Grev.," t. 241 ; Sow., 347 ; " Flo. Dan.," 534, 1260, f. 1 ; Nyl, "Pez. Fenn.," p. 41 ; Karst., " Mon. Pez.," 142. Helotium wruginosum — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 353; Fckl., " Symb. Myco," p. 314; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2131; Berk., " Outl," 372 ; Gill., "Champ.," p. 151, c. i. Chloro- splenium wruginosum — Tul., " Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 187. Exs. — Berk., No. 281 ; Karst., Nos. 151, 459 ; Rav., v. No. 40; Fckl., " F. Rh.," 1158; Phil., " Elv. Brit," No. 86 ; Ellis, " N. A. Fung," 987 ; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 1858; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 389. On fallen oak branches, staining the wood on which it grows, for a considerable depth, of a deep verdigris- green, the wood so stained being employed as " green oak " in the manufacture of Tunbridge ware. The fully developed cups are much more rare than the green mycelioid state. The cups are \ to 2 J lines broad ; the stem is very variable in length, and often carries more than one cup. The margin is often lobed, though generally regular. Name — jErugo, verdigris ; from the colour. Woods near Ludlow ! 148 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Genus V. — Belonidium. Mont, and Dur., "Flo. Alger." Cup sessile or shortly stipitate, cyathiform or in- f undibuliform, mouth compressed when dry ; cells of the excipulum elongate ; texture firm ; somewhat waxy ; asci 3-spored, paraphyses filiform ; sporidia terete, obtuse or acute at the ends, septate, hyaline. (Plate V. fig. 29.) Name — fitXovlg, a little needle ; from the shape of the sporidia. Arrangement op the Species. a. Stipitate or substipitate. (a) Sporidia fusiform . . . . . . species 1, 2 b. Sessile. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong-elliptic „ 3 (b) Sporidia fusiform . . . . . . „ 4, 5 (c) Sporidia filiform . . . . . . „ 6, 7 Key to the Species. Growing on wood Growing on herbaceous stems , JHynienium pallid-white, substipitate ' \Hymenium pallid-ochraceous, sessile [Hymenium dingy-black, externally brown. . Hymenium pallid or whitish 'Hymenium pallid or testaceous (Externally brown; sporidia fusiform, 3-septate Externally blackish ; sporidia multiseptate [Externally horn-colour,; sporidia filiform . . 1 2 minutissimum. ventosum. lacustre. 3 cidmicolum. pullum. excelsius. filisporum. A. STIPITATE OR SUBSTIPITATE. (a) Sporidia fusiform. 1. Belonidium culmicolum. (Desm.) Cup cyathiform or almost campanulate, pallid or rosy white ; the mouth, when dry, contracted, plicate, nearly closed ; hymenium pallid or testaceous, or rosy ; stem very short, stout, or absent ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved, 3-septate, 23 — 28 X 3 — 4/x ; paraphyses filiform, sometimes enlarged slightly at the apices. (Plate V. fig. 29.) Peziza culmicola — Desm., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1836, p 243. Belonidium vexatum — De Not., " Disc," p. 26 BELONIDIUM. 149 Peziza v ata — Karst., " Mon. Pez," p. 139; " Myco. Fenn.," p. 163. Phialea culmicola— Gill, " Champ.," 103. Exs.— Rabh, " Fung. Eur," ed. ii. 519 and 'I'll ; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 545 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 116; Desm, " Crypt. Fr," 282, ed. ii. No.^ 28. On dead culms of Graminice. Cup about 500/z broad. The margin is usually fimbriated, the cup fibroso-striate, the texture waxy. Name — Culmus, corn-straw, colo, to inhabit. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! 2. Belonidium minutissimum. (Batsch.) Cup at first clavate or obovate, then cupulate, pallid- white, glabrous ; stem very short, attenuated at the base ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, curved, 4-septate, constricted at the septa, 30 X Qju ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza minutissima — Batsch, f. 143 ; B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1071, t. 15, f. 21; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2095. P. Helminthosporii — Blox. in Herb. Kew. On Helminthosporia. Winter. Very minute. " Pallid ; cups clavate, substipitate ; margin incurved ; sporidia "0014 inch (40/x) long, quadriseptate. Interest- ing from the marked character afforded by the sporidia " (B. and Br, I. c). Name — Minutus, minute ; very minute. Twycross ! (Rev. A. Bloxam). Batheaston, near Bath (Mr. C. E. Broome). B. SESSILE. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong. 3. Belonidium lacustre. (Fries.) Sessile, applanate, orbicular, soft, waxy, plano-convex, dingy blackish ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, at length 1 to 3-septate ; paraphyses filiform. 150 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Peziza lacustris — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 143; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 62 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2101. Nip- tera lacustris — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 359 ; De Not. in " Coinm. Soc. Critt. Ital.," 5, 1863, p. 375 ; non Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 292 ; nee Curr., " Linn. Trans.," vol. 25, p. 153. Patellaria aquatica — Curr., " Linn. Trans.," vol. 25, p. 155, t. 25, f. 23; "Scott. Nat.," vi. 163. Mollisia lacustris — Gill., " Champ.," p. 130. Exs.— Fries, " Scl. Suec," No. 173; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," No. 231. On culms of Scirpus, Arundo, etc. When young adnate, plano-convex, J a line broad, even, smooth, black, then dilated, plane, free beneath except the central point of adhesion, externally sooty black, quite black when dry ; margin at first connivent, then open, inflexed, entire ; disc turgid, soft, when moist dingy, when dry black (Fries, I. c). After comparing the original specimen of Patellaria aquatica (Curr.) with an original specimen of Fries, " Scl. Suec," No. 173, in the Kew Herbarium, there can be no possible doubt of their identity. Name — Lacus, a lake ; from the habitat. St. George's Hill, Weybridge ! and Paul's Cray Common (Mr. F. Currey). (b) Sporidia fusiform. 4. Belonidium excelsius. (Karst.) Cups gregarious, convex, livid or cinereous white, or pallid ; when dry concave, the same colour or becoming blackish ; hymenium whitish or pallid ; asci fusiform- clavate ; sporidia 8, elongate -fusiform, ends sub-acute, multiguttulate, becoming multiseptate, 50 — 6o X 4 — 5/z; paraphyses filiform, branched. Peziza excelsior — Karst., "Mon. Pez.," p. 165. Mollisea excelsior — Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 199; "Grevillea," viii. p. 102; Steven., "Myco. Scot.," p. 326. On dead culms of Arundo. August. Cup £ to h a line broad. This has a pseudo- BELONIDIUM. 151 parenchyma composed of subglobose cells below the margin, and oblong cells near and at the margin, which are umber-brown. Name — Excelsus, high, tall ; from its very large sporidia. Grantown, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 5. Belonidium ventosum. (Karst.) Cups gregarious, from subspherical-applanate be- coming convex, at first totally cinereous, then cinereous- black ; hymenium pallid-ochraceous, or becoming totally cinereous-black ; margin elevated, very slightly tlexuose, obtuse ; asci cylindraceo-clavate or subcylindrical ; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform, often curved ; 2 to 4-guttu- late, or spuriously and slenderly 3-septate, 10 — 20 X 2 — Sd/u ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza ventosa — Karst., " Mon. Pez.," p. 157; Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," viii. p. 103 ; Steven., " Myco. Scot.," p. 326. Mollisea ventosa — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 188. Exs.— Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 733 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 173. On willow. Spring. Cup | to 1 line broad. Name — Ventosus, inconstant ; from its inconstant colour. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Near Shrewsbury ! (c) Sporidia filiform. 6. Belonidium pullum. Phil, and Keith. Scattered, sessile, at first hemispherical, then ex- panded, nearly plane ; externally brown ; hymenium watery cinereous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia fusiform, 4 to 6-guttulate, becoming 3-septate, 25 — 30 x 3 — 5/x ; paraphyses linear, slender. Belonidium pullum — Phil, and Keith in " Grevillea," vi. p. 75. On Poa and Typha. Autumn. Cup J a line broad. The colour varies from pale 152 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. cinereous brown to chocolate-brown, and the disc pale watery cinereous or brownish ; the margin is usually erect ; the sporidia in some of the specimens are narrowly fusiform, in others broader and more obtuse. It is very near Belonidium lacustre (Fries) and B. Scirjyi (Rabh.), but is distinguished from both by the sporidia. Name — Pidlus, blackish. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Near Shrewsbury ! 7. Belonidium filisporum. (Cooke.) Cups scattered or subgregarious, soft, hemispherical, then flattened ; externally horn-colour or tawny, brown when dry, connivent ; hymenium pallid, dirty white, slightly concave ; asci cylindrical, clavate ; sporidia fili- form, straight or curved, triseptate, 35 X 3/x; paraphyses filiform, simple. Peziza (Mollisea) filispora — Cooke in " Grevillea," iii. p. 66. On sheaths of grass. Allied to Peziza excelsior, Karst. (Cooke). Name — Filwm, a thread, cnropog, seed ; from the slender sporidia. Genus VI. — Helotium. Fries (in part). Disc always open, at first punctiform, then dilated, plane or convex, waxy, naked, sessile, or with a short stout stem ; asci cylindrical or subclavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, fusiform, clavate, oblong, or cylindrical. (Plate V. figs. 30, 31.) Name — ij\og, a nail. Distinguished from Hymenoscypha by the shorter and thicker or absent stem, and the disc being open from the first; from Belonidium by the simple or at most 2-septate sporidia ; and from Chlorosplenium by the colour. Mostly yellow or brown, rarely white ; epiphytal. IIELOTIOI. 153 II »1 » M Arrangement of the Species. a. Stipitate or substipitate. (a) Sporidia elliptic. (a.) On wood . . . . . . species (#) On herbaceous plants . . „ (7) On catkins (b) Sporidia oblong-ellipiic. (o) On wood (c) Sporidia fusiform or clavate. (a) On wood (#) On herbaceous stems . . (7) On leaves and fern-fronds . . (d) Sporidia linear, (a) On wood b. Sessile. (a) Sporidia oblong or oblong-elliptic. (a) On wood . . . . . . „ (b) Sporidia fusiform or oblong-fusiform. (a) On herbaceous stems or twigs „ (#) On cones . . . . . . „ (c) Sporidia cylindrical. (a) On wood . . . . . . „ (d) Sporidia doubtful . . . . . . „ Key to the Species. a. stipitate. Hymenium brown Hymenium yellow Hymenium white Hymenium dark green 'Hymenium honey-coloured; stem cylindricaljSlender Hymenium pale umber ; stem stout. . Hymenium ferruginuous ; externally paler. . 1. -{Hymenium pale brick-red ; stem delicately villous Hymenium testaceous or ochery pallid ; stem equal, .Hymenium pale yellowish-brown : on Marchantia /Hymenium bright yellow; externally pallid ' Hymenium lemon-yellow ; externally the same colour Hymenium pale yellow ; externally pallid : on dead leaves Hymenium pale yellow; margin paler: on dead wood Hymenium pale yellow; margin repand: on Spirxa Hymenium pale yellow ; margin acute, repand : on \ leaves Hymenium yellow, dark brown beneath ; stem stout Hymenium yellow ; margin even, orbicular ; stem papilliform Hymenium pallid-ochraceous; stem nearly obsolete: on grass Hymenium pallid-ochraceous : ou leaves \Hymenium egg-yellow ; margin paler, repand 1 2, 3 4 5-11 12-14 15, 1G 17-22 23 24, 25 26-28 29 30 31-35 1 2 3 Arjaricinum. melleum. subsessile. ferrugineum. sublateritium. salicellum. Mardltantix. flavum. citrinum. sidphuratum. pcdlescens. repandum. immutabile. fibuliforme. lenticulare. graminium. epiphyllum. ilicis. 154 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 1 'Stem slender, very short : on catkins . . . . Stern obeonic ; margin obtuse ; on roots Stem obeonic ; cup seniitransparent and repand : on twigs Stem obeonic : on wood Stem extremely short, thick, at times obsolete : on wood . . .Stem extremely short ; cup hyaline : on leaves Hymenium particles Hymenium Hymenium Hymenium I Hymenium Hymenium Hymenium Hymenium (Hymenium | Hymenium 2. 123. On decayed wood. At first sight resembling Sclerotium quercigenum ; about 1 line broad (M. J. Berkeley). The only specimen under this name I have seen is in the Kew Herbarium, and it has no fruit. Appin (Carmichael). Near Lristol (Mr. A. Leipner). Genus VII. — Mollisia. Fries. Minute, sessile, urceolate, cupulate or plane ; sub- stance soft, rarely waxy ; exterior glabrous or furfura- ceous, even or plicate ; sporidia 8, minute, globose, elliptic, fusiform or filiform, hyaline, simple or 1 -septate. (Plate VI. figs. 32-36.) Growing on vegetable substances. For the most part darker in colour and softer than Helotium; the minute pore by which the cup opens visible from the first. Never hairy or even tomentose. Name — Mollis, soft. Arrangement of Subgenera. I. Niptera II. Pyrenopeziza III. Dilutella IT. Mollisiella V. Hysteropeziza VI. Pseudopeziza VII. Ptristomealis Key to the Subgenera. Margin furnished with a peristome Margin not furnished with a peristome Emerging when moist through a narrow black slit *iiL •• .. .. .. .. .. .. 1. ^Emerging when moist through the epidermis by a lacerated aperture (resembling Phacidium) l,Seated on the epidermis I' Texture rather nrrn ; cups plane Texture soft ; cups globose (mostly black). . Texture soft, scarcely coloured, at length expanded .. (Glabrous '" \Minutely granulated .. .. .. .. 1-11 12-32 ;-;h-37 38-4t> 47 48-51 52 Peristomealis. 1 Hysteropeziza. Pseudopeziza. 2 Niptera. Pyrenopeziza. 3 Dilutella. Mollidella. 172 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Subgenus I. — Niptera. Fckl. (in part). Cup sessile, concave or plane, soft or waxy, glabrous or granulose ; sporidia ovate or fusiform, simple, some- times 1-septate. (Plate VI. fig. 32.) Name — Niptrum, a basin ; from the shape. Arrangement of the Species. a. Sporidia ovate, apiculate . . . . species 1 b. Spoiidia oblong-elliptic • • » 2 C. Sporidia fusiform or oblong-fusiform • • )> (a) On wood • • 55 O— 0 (b) On fir-cones . . „ 6 (c) On herbaceous stems „ 7-10 (d) On culms of Arundo „ 11 Key to the Species. Hymenium yellow . . . . • • . . . . 1 Hyrnenium grey . . . . . . . . . . 2 Hymenium pallid . . . . . . . . . . 3 , ("Externally ochery-yellow . . . . . . . . Teucrii. {Externally umber-brown . . . . . . . . discolor. Externally watery cinereous . . .. .. .. benesueda. Externally greenish-brown . . . . . . . . aquosa. Externally cinereous or livid ; margin paler than 2. \ disc . . . . . . • • • • • . • • cinerea." Externally rufous ; margin fimbriate .. .. urticicola. Externally brownish-black . . . . . . . . joXlax. .Externally black . . . . . . . . . . 4 o /Exterior pallid: on Arundo .. .. .. .. arundinacea. {Exterior pallid : on Peltigera canina . . . . epithallina. . /Margin fimbriate . . . . . . . . . . cyanites. {Margin entire • . . . . . . . . . atro-cinerea. A. SPORIDIA OVATE, APICULATE. 1. Mollisia aquosa. (B. and Br.) Cup at first closed, then expanded, plane, or slightly- concave, greenish-brown, smooth ; hymenium watery grey; sporidia biseriate, ovate, apiculate, 5 — 6 X 2*5 — Peziza (Mollisia) aquosa — B. and Br. in " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1326, t. xx. f. 19 ; "Grevillea," i. p. 130. On or with Sphceria hirsuta, on willow. January. Resembling P. cinerea, but smoother and more con- MOLLIBIA. 173 cave when young, with totally different spores. Cup •024 inch diameter, growing on Sphceria hir&u&a, and its mycelium, accompanied by a brown mould, consisting of erect, simple, articulated threads, surmounted by a single oblong uniseptate spore, -0005 inch (12/u) long ; asci 002 inch (50/i) ; sporidia "0002 to -00025 inch (5 to 6/u) long, -0001 to -00015 inch (2*5 to 35^i) wide ; bright orange when treated with iodine (B. and Br.). Name — A qua, water ; watery. B. SPORIDIA OBLONG-ELLIPTIC. 2. MoUisia epithallina. Phil, and Plow. Congregated, sessile, disciform, immarginate, pallid- white ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- elJiptic, 8 X 2[i ; paraphyses slender, slightly thickened upwards. Peziza (Mollisia) epithallina — Phil, and Plow, in " Grevillea," vi. p. 24. On thallus of Peltigera canina. Name — liri, upon, SaWog, a branch or thallus of a lichen ; from its habitat. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). C. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM OR OBLONG-FUSIFORM. (d) On wood. 3. Mollisia cinerea. (Batsch.) Cups gregarious or scattered, at first urceolate, at length applanate, cinereous or nearly livid ; margin entire, whitish, not unfrequently repand or flexuose ; hymenium when dry cinereous, yellowish, or becoming blackish ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or subfusiform, straight or curved, 5 — 12 X 1 — 2^; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza cinerea — Batsch, p. 196, f. 137; Pers., "Obs." ii. p. 80; " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 302; Wahl, "Flo. Suec," ii. 174 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. p. 1030 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 142 ; Sow., t. 64 ; With., v. p. 312; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 205; Karst., "Pez. et Ascob.," p. 37; " Mon. Pez.," p. 158; Nyl., "Fung. Fenn.," p. 60; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2100. Peziza callosa — Bull, t. 416, f. 1; "Flo. Dan./' t. 1490, f. 2. Peziza salicaria — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 308. Trochila salicaria — De Not., "Disc.," p. 15. Mollisia cinerea — Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 189; Gill., "Champ.," p. 134. Niptera cinerea — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 292. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. No. 1421, ed. ii. No. 921 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," No. 735 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit." No. 390, ed. ii. 382 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," No. 125 ; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," No. 2116 and 1643; Koumg., " Fung. Gal.," 831. On decaying wood. Autumn to spring. Cup J to 2 line broad. " Often crowded, equal or lobed, and waved at the margin ; hymenium pale or grey, watery, paler towards the circumference; substance soft and sometimes almost gelatinous ' (Grev.). This should be compared with Lachnella Schumacheri. Name — Cinis, ashes ; ash-colour. Found everywhere. 4. Mollisia benesuada. (Tul.) Gregarious or fasciculate erumpent, sessile, at first subhemispherical, then expanded, becoming convex, difformed, waxy ; externally glabrous, watery cinereous ; hymenium pallid or brownish ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia fusiform or oblong-fusiform, hyaline, 10 X 2"5^. Peziza benesuada — Tul., "Ann. Sc. Nat," 1853, t. 15, f. 8, 9. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 175; Rehm, "Asco.," 756 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 653. On dead branches of alder. Cups about J a line broad. These burst out through the bark in little heaps, much crowded and difformed. The supposed spermatia are rarely to be met with. This is very near M. cinerea and M. fallax. Name — Bene, well, suacleo, to persuade ; from afford- MOLLISIA. 175 ing evidence of the author's views on the question of reproductive bodies. Near Ludlow, Salop ! Neatishead (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 5. Mollisia discolor. (Mont.) Gregarious, suberumpent, sessile, waxy, plano-patel- late, externally umber-brown ; hymenium wax-yellow ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, hyaline, 4-guttulate, 8 X 2fi. Patellaria discolor — Mont., "Syll.," p. 190; Berk., " Outl.," p. 373 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2169. On dead wood ; on branches of Cornus sanguinea (Mont.). Cup J to J a line ; crowded or scattered ; when young subhemispherical, at length expanded; disc bluish or cinereous, or brownish ; the pseudo-parenchyma consists of brown subo-lobose cells. o Name — Discolor, of various colours. Var. Biccia (Sacc). Niptera Riccia — Sacc, " Myco. Ven. Sp.," p. 162, t. xvi. f. 3-6. Exs.— Sacc, " Fung. Ven.," iv. 33. Differing in its mode of growth, having lobed margin. Gopsall ! (Bloxam). Sutton Coldfield ! (W. B. Grove). (6) On fir-cones. 6. Mollisia fallax. (Desm.) Cups scattered or crowded, at first hemispherical, at length applanate, brownish-black ; margin entire, sub- involute, paler ; hymenium cinereous or discoloured brown ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or fusiform, straight, at length uniseptate, 10 X 2/u ; para- physes scarce. Peziza fallax — Desm. (non Pers., " Myco. Eur."), " Ann. Sc Nat.," 1845, p. 367. Mollisia fallax— Gill, " Champ.," p. 119. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," eel. i. No. 1420, ed. ii. No. 920; Roumg., "Fung. Gal.," 1253. 176 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On cones of Pinus sylvestris. Cup J to J a line broad. This differs from P. cinerea (Batsch) in the browner shade, and always occurring on cones. Name — Fallax, deceitful; from its resemblance to others. Generally distributed. (0) On herbaceous stems. 7. Mollisia cyanites (nov. sp.). Cooke and Phil. Gregarious, minute, sessile, concave, then plane, black ; margin fimbriate ; hymenium bluish grey ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindraceo-fusiform, elongated, 5 to 7-guttulate, 25 X o/u; paraphyses filiform, slender. On herbaceous stems. Cup J to J of a line broad. Name — Kvavog, dark blue. Scotland (?) ; Klotzsch in Kew Herbarium. ! 8. Mollisia atro-cinerea. (Cooke.) Gregarious or scattered, sessile, slightly concave or plane ; externally black, glabrous ; hymenium cinereous ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or cylindrical, straight or curved, 5 — 7 xl/i; paraphyses not seen. Peziza atro-cinerea — Cooke in Exs. " Fung. Brit.," No. 382. On herbaceous stems (?). Cups J to J of a line broad. Name — Ater, black, cinis, ashes ; from the black exterior and the ashy disc. 9. Mollisia Teucrii. (Fckl.) Gregarious, sessile, watery transparent, very pale yellowish-white, somewhat ochery-yellow, at first nearly closed, excavated, becoming plane, orbicular, marginate, outside the margin scarcely pubescent ; hymenium same colour, when dry becoming yellow ; asci cylindrical globose-stipitate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical or fusiform 8x1ju; paraphyses filiform. MOLLISIA. 177 Niptera Teucrii — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," supp. i p. 47. Exs.— Fckl., " F. Rh.," 2378 ; Phil., - Elv. Brit.," No. 181. On dead stems of Teucrium scorodonia, in damp places. Cups 500/i broad, often crowded, when dry nearly black ; asci with a subglobose base. Name — Teucrium, a genus of Labiacece. Trefrew, North Wales ! 10. Mollisia urticicola. Phil. Gregarious, sessile, subhemispherical, becoming nearly plane, externally glabrous, pale rufous-brown ; margin fimbriate ; hymenium from pale cinereous to pale brown ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;• sporidia 8, fusiform or cylin- drical, 7xl|«; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza lorticicola — Phil, " Elv. Brit.," No. 177. On dead stems of Urtica, lying in a damp place occasionally inundated. Cups about 500/* broad. Name — Urtica, the nettle, colo, to inhabit. Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury ! (d) Oil culms of Arundo. 11. Mollisia arundinacea, (D. C.) Gregarious, erumpent, sessile, plane, orbicular, thin, waxy ; hymenium pallid, becoming fuliginous ; margin narrow, darker ; asci cylindraceo-clavate : sporidia narrowly fusiform, 10 — 15 x 2/t. Xyloma arunclinaceum — D. C, * Flo. Fr.," vi. p. 162 ; Eustegia arundinacea — Fries, "Sys. Myco." ; "Elench.," p. 112; " Grevillea," iv. p. 67. Stegia arundinacea — Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," supp. i. p. 328. Exs.— Moug. and Nest, No. 983; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 11, No. 380. On culms of Arundo Phragmites. About J of a line broad; usually seated on a blackish 178 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. or brownish space. When old the hymenium separates from the excipulum in the manner of an operculum, which led the illustrious Fries to place it in his genus Eustegia. Name — Arundinaceus, belonging to a reed. Shrewsbury ! Subgenus II. — Pyrenopeziza. Fckl. (in part). Cup erumpent or superficial, globose, then expanded' opening at first by a minute pore; glabrous or fur- furaceous, often vertically plicate, black, cinereous, or dark brown (except elaphines) ; sporidia elliptic, fusiform or filiform, simple, rarely uniseptate, hyaline. (Plate VI. fig. 33.) Name — irvpi)v, a kernel, and jpeziza ; from the globose form. Arrangement of the Species. a. Cups superficial. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong . . species 12 (6) Sporidia subf'usiform . . . . „ 13-19 (c) Sporidia filiform .. .. .. „ 20-21 b. Cups erumpent. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong . . . . „ 22-24 (&) Sporidia fusiform or elongate-fusiform „ 25-27 (c) Sporidia cylindrical or acicular . . „ 28-32 Key to the Species. Hymenium fuscous-black : on word. . .. .. fcecnnda. Hymenium fuliginous : on Typha . . . . . . Typhse. Hymenium brown .. .. .. .. ..1 Hymenium cinereous . . . . . . . . 2 Hymenium whitish or watery-grey . . . . . . 3 Hymenium pallid .. .. .. .. .. Ugnicola. Externally brown, scabrous : on Arctium . . . . Arctii. Externally brownish ; margin striate : on Juncm . . micrometra. Externally umber-brown, rugulose; margin fim- ^ briate : on grass graminis. Externally pale umber-brown, farinoso-tomentose : on Umhelliferx . . . . . . . . . . Grevellei. Externally black, rugose ; margin crenulate, paler : growing in lines on Plantago . . . . . . nervisequia. Externally blackish, mealy; margin entire: on 2. i J'lantago . . . . . . . . . . . . Plantaginis. Externally black, scabrous, rugose ; margin con- tracted . . . . . . . . . . . . jugom. .Externally blackish, squamulose : on Digitalis . . Diyitalina. 1. MOLLISIA. 179 Externally granules Externally Externally Externally Externally white 1 Externally Externally late: on Externally Externally Externally sinuous fawn-colour, sprinkled with saccharine : on wood black, rugose; margin whitish. . black, rugose ; margin erect : on Lychnis black, rugose: on Car ex. . umber-brown, glabrous ; margin entire, • • • ■ • • •• •• •• tawny, glabrous ; margin tumid cinereous, granulated ; margin denticu- lt-'il\ I'S •• •• •• •• •• cinereous ; margin entire, paler brownish black : on Artemisia whitish or greyish brown ; margin entire, elaphines. at rata, sphxroides. melatephra. paulula. arenevaga. vihurnicola. ebuli. artemisise. palustrie. A. SUPERFICIAL (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong. 12. Mollisia nervisequia. (Pers.) Sessile, seriate, at first nearly globose, then expanded, perpendicularly rugose, blackish grey ; margin crenulate, paler ; hymenium concave, cinereous or black ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or oblong, 13 X S/u ; paraphyses filiform, slender. (Plate VI. fig. 33.) Peziza nervisequia — Pers., " Myco. Eur.," 308 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 1 93 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 1171; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2121. Exs.—Desm., " Crypt. Fr," 2012; Roumg., " Stirpes," 331. On dead leaves of Plantago lanceolata ; chiefly on the nerves of the leaves. Winter. This very much resembles M. plantaginis, but the asci and sporidia are much larger, besides the habit of growth on the nerves. Name — Nervus, a nerve, and sequor, to follow. Batheaston (Mr. C. E. Broome). (b) Sporidia subfwsiform. 13. Mollisia elaphines. (B. and Br.) Gregarious, subglobose, sessile, pale fawn-colour; mouth paler, white, sprinkled with saccharine granules ; hymenium watery-grey ; asci clavate or clavate fusi- 180 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. form ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 8x2/i; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza elaphines — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1325, t. xix. f. 18 ; Grevillea, i. p. 130. Mollisia elaphines — Gill, "Champ.," p. 131. Exs.— Cooke, « Fung. Brit./' No. 659 ; Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," 1813. On dead wood. January. Cup 300/* broad. " Granules often disposed in lines so that the cups are radiated " (B. and Br.). Name — t\a »» 2. A. Sporidia globose or subglobose b. Sporidia sub-elliptic c. Sporidia oblong-obtuse d. Sporidia oblong-fusiform or fusiform e. Sporidia linear Key to the Species. Hymenium dark green Hymenium white Hymenium pallid : on pine-leaves Hymenium brown Hymenium yellowish . . j On wood 1 On fern (Pteris) | On herbaceous stems jf Exterior dirty white (Exterior rufous-brown J Exterior pale yellow ; hymenium pinkish-yellow \Exterior honey-coloured; hymenium greenish-yellow species 38, 39 40 41 42-45 46 hydnicola. 1 pineti. 2 3 Bullii. versicolor. effugiens. ilicincola. lurida. stramimtm. A. SPORIDIA GLOBOSE OR SUBGLOBOSE. 38. Mollisia ilicincola. (B. and Br.) Crowded or scattered, hemispherical, then expanded ; externally dirty white, furfuraceous ; hymenium concave, pale brown or purple, or rosy cinereous ; margin erect or incurved ; asci clavatb ; sporidia 8, globose, with a large globose gutta, 5jul; asci filiform, enlarged towards the summit. Peziza ilicincola — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 958, t. 16, f. 17; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2064. On holly branches, more especially on the surface of the lichen Myriangium, which grows on holly. Winter. Name — Ilex, holly, colo, to inhabit. 191 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Chiselhurst ! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Forres, N. B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 39. Mollisia hydnicola. (B. and Br.) Cups orbicular, then irregular, plane, dark green ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, subglobose, uniseriate ; 10 X 7 5 [a ; paraphyses filiform, branched. Peziza hydnicola — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1327, t. xx. £ 20 ; " Grevillea," i. p. 131. On Hydnum ochraceum. Conidia were observed in this species, 2'5 X 3'5/x. Name — Hydnum, a genus of fungi, colo, to inhabit. B. SPORIDIA SUB-ELLIPTIC. 40. Mollisia Bullii. (Wor. Smith.) Cups hemispherical, at length irregular, sessile or very shortly stipitate, whitish; margin inflexed, rather pulverulent from the remains of the veil ; hymenium often proliferous ; mycelium brownish ; asci subclavate ; sporidia sub-elliptic, minute, 5 — 7"G/x long. (Plate VI. fig. 35.) Peziza Bidlii—W.G. Smith, Gard. Chron. (1873), with figure ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1324, 1. 19, f. 17 ; " Grevillea," i. p. 120, t. viii. f. 3, vol. ii. p. 162. On wooden cistern, December (W. G. Smith). Name— After Dr. H. G. Bull. C. SPORIDIA OBLONG-OBTUSE. 41. Mollisia Mali. (Rehm.) Gregarious, small, at first globose, then urceolate, finally more or less expanded, pale honey-colour, pruinose ; margin when dry involute, paler, scabrous; hymenium greenish yellow; asci clavate ; sporidia oblong, obtuse, hyaline, 9 x S/ul ; paraphyses filiform. Pezizella Mali — Rehm, " Asco.," No. 460. Peziza (Mollisia) Mali—Vhil. and Plow., " Grevillea," xiii. p. 74. On dead hollv bark. MOLLIS! A. 195 Name — Mains, the specific name of Pyrus mains, the crab. Near Shrewsbury ! D. SPORIDIA OBLONG-FUSIFORM OR FUSIFORM. 42. Mollisia versicolor. (Desm.) Very minute, sessile, white-hyaline, fragile, glabrous, at first globose, then turbinato-concave, slightly furfu- raceous externally ; margin subdenticulate ; asci clavate sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, biseriate, 10 — 15 X 3^. Peziza versicolor — Desm., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1853, vol. xx. p. 230 ; Steven., " Myco. Scot.," p. 325 ; " Grevillea," viii. p. 102. Phialea versicolor — Gill, " Champ./' p. 106. On fronds of dead Pteris aquilina. June. Cups rarely exceed o mm. in width ; their consist- ence is very soft ; colour pure milk-white, but the least bruising, or the prick of a pin, causes them to turn yellow (Desm.). I have not observed this in British specimens. Name — Versicolor, changing colour. Forres, N. B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 43. Mollisia pineti. (Batsch.) Gregarious or scattered, sessile, nearly plane ; margin inflexed, obtuse, when dry contracted to a globose form, firm, growing greyish brown, when young whitish granulate or furfuraceous; hymenium pallid or greyish white ; asci C}7lindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusi- form or elongate-fusiform, 2-guttulate, 8 — 1*4 X 3/x ; paraphyses filiform, stout. Peziza pineti— Batsch, " EL," p. 201, f. 140 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 101; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 197; Karst., " Pez. et Ascob.," p. 20 ; " Mon. Pez.," p. 189 ; Nyl, " Pez. Fenn.," p. 52; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2050. Pseudo- kelotium pineti — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 298. Lachnea pineti — Gill., " Champ.," p. 83. Helotium pineti — Pat., p. 213, f. 493. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Rh.," 1167; Rehm, " Asco.," 561. 196 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On dead leaves of Pinus sylvestris. Name — Pinus, the pine ; from the habitat. Don, near Aberdeen ! 44. Mollisia effugiens. (Rob.) Erumpent, very minute, sessile, glabrous, ivory- hyaline, at first globose, then concave ; externally a little pulverulent ; margin white, minutely denticulate ; asci clavate ; sporidia fusiform, 5 — 7 X Ijjl ; paraphyses fili- form. Peziza (Phialea) effugiens — Rob. in Desm., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1853, p. 19. Exs. — Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ser. ii. No. 16. On dried stems of plants. In the spring. The cups are about oOOfi broad, scarcely distinguish- able except when moist. They form groups either scattered or crowded, breaking through the epidermis. The asci are 40/z long. Name — From effugio, to speedily pass away. Almond Park, near Shrewsbury ! 45. Mollisia straminum. (B. and Br.) Crowded or scattered, sessile, hemispherical, then ex- panded, pale yellow, beset with refractive granules ; hymenium pinkish yellow or flesh-colour ; margin in- curved ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved, 3 to 4-guttulate, 7 — 10 X Idjul; para- physes extremely slender. Peziza straminum — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 571 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2062. On dead sheaths of wheat and grasses. " Minute, not exceeding J a line diameter ; cups hemispherical, concave, sessile, or at length expanded ; margin incurved ; externally densely farinaceous, pale ; internally of a pinkish -yellow or flesh-colour " (B. and Br.). Name — Stramin, straw ; growing on straw. Fotheringhay, King's Cliffe ; Rudloe, Wiltshire ; on Juncas, Oxton, Nottinghamshire ! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). MULLISIA. li>7 E. SPORIDIA LINEAR. 46. Mollisia Iv/rida. (Pers.) Crowded or scattered, turbinate, then expanded, rufous-brown, whitish towards the margin, tibroso-striate ; hymenium concave, pale rufous ; margin erect ; asci olavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly linear, curved, multi- guttulate, 20 — 25 X \jjl ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza luricla — Pers., "Syn. Fung.," p. 6GG. On dead leaves of Pinus sylvestris. Our plant agrees perfectly with a specimen in herb. Fries, and is abundantly distinct from Peziza pineti (Batsch). Name — Luriclus, lurid ; a dirty brown colour. Mossburnford ! (Mr. Jerdon in Kew Herbarium). Subgenus V. — Hysteropeziza. Rabh. Cups scattered, immersed ; when moist erumpent, compressed, blackish. Name — From Hysterium and Peziza, two genera of fungi. One British species. 47. Mollisia erumpens. (Grev.) Scattered, minute, concave, waxy, soft, glabrous, erumpent, sessile, cinereous, when dry concealed beneath the bark ; asci clavate, slender ; sporidia 8, cylindrical, rounded at the ends, sometimes slightly bent, 7xl'5/x; paraphyses filiform. Peziza erumpens — Grev., " Crypt. Flo.," t. 99 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 206 ; Berk., " Outl.," p. 371 ; Gonn. and Rabh., iii. t. 5, f. 6; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2111. Mollisia erumpens — Gill., " Champ.," p. 123. Exs. — Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. ii. No. 1345 ; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 566, ed. ii. 384; Phil., "Elv. Brit.," 35; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 1811 ; Rehm, "Asco.," 354. On dead petioles of sycamore. Autumn. Resembling to the naked eye an Hysterium when 198 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. dry; in moist weather distending the small slit in the bark of the petiole till it attains its round form, when the margin projects over the edge of the fissure. Wherever decaying sycamore-leaves are found. Name — Erwmpo, to burst out; from its erumpent habit. Subgenus VI. — Pseudo-peziza. Fckl. Cups immersed, erumpent when moist, orbicular, glabrous, soft, plane or slightly concave ; margin darker, sometimes bordered by the lacerated epidermis of the host-plant ; sporidia subglobose, elliptic, oblong or pyri- form. (Plate VI. fig. 36.) Name — ipev<$6g, false, and peziza; deceptive peziza, resembling Phacidium Arrangement op the Species. a. Sporidia subglobose. (a) Ou herbaceous stems b. Sporidia elliptic or obloug. (a) On leaves or herbaceous stems 0. Sporid'a pyriform. (a) Ou leaver Key to the Species. Hymenium greyish-white : on Euphorbia . . Hymenium smoky -yellow : on Trifolium . . Hymenium pallid-testaceous : on Cerastium Hymenium ochraceous : on Ranunculus A. SPORIDIA SUBGLOBOSE. (a) On herbaceous stems. 48. Mollisia Euphorbia?. (B. and Br.) Minute, erumpent, sessile, brownish-black ; hymenium concave, white or greyish-white ; margin prominent, in- curved; asci broadly clavate, narrowing abruptly at the base ; sporidia 8, globose- elliptic, 8/u long, and nearly as broad ; paraphyses filiform, stout, clavate summits, filled with granular protoplasm. Peziza Euphorbia? — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist " No. 1829; " Grevillea," viii. p. 8. species i48 99 49,50 )> 51 • • • » • • Euphorbias. Trifolii. Cerastiorum. • • Ranunculi. MOLLISIA. 199 On stems of Euphorbia amygdaloidcs. Cups 400^u broad. Name — Euphorbia, a genus of Euphorbiacece, the spurges. Batheaston ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC OR OBLONG. (a) On leaves or herbaceous stems. 49. Mollisia Trifolii. (Bernh.) Gregarious, epiphyllous or rarely hypophyllous, minute, orbicular, at first covered, then erumpent ; margin thin, lacerated; hymenium plane or convex, smoky yellow ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong- elliptic, 2-guttulate, 10 — 15 x 5 — 7^u; paraphyses filiform, rather stout. Ascobolus Trifolii — Bernh., " Manip," iv. p. 27, t. 6, f. 5; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 165; Berk., " Eng. Flo./' v. p. 209; "Outl," p. 374; Cooke, "Jour. Bot," 1864. Phacidium Trifolii — Boud., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1869, p. 69; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2270; Sacc, "Mich.," No. vii. p. 331. Peziza Trifoliorum — Libert, "Crypt. Ard," ex. No. 324. Pseudo-peziza Trifolii — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 290. Favrcea congener (Ces.) — Sacc, " Mich.," ii. p. 331. Mollisia Trifoliorum — Gill., " Champ.," p. 123, c. i. Exs.— Libert, "Crypt. Ard.," 324; Berk., 69; Desm, "Crypt. Fr.," No. 520; Karat., "Fung. Fenn.," 933; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," 331, ed. ii. 451; Winter, "Fungi Eur.," 2057; Boumg, "Fung. Gal.," 660. On living clover-leaves. Name — Trifolium, a genus of Leguminosece, including clovers. 50. Mollisia Cerastiorum. (Wallr.) Gregarious, minute, innato-sessile, glabrous, orbicular, nearly waxy, slightly concave, marginate, pallid testa- ceous, when moist paler ; asci clavate or subfusiform ; 200 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. sporidia 8, oblong, obtuse, 2-guttulate, 10 X 3ju; para- physes filiform, slender. (Plate VI. fig. 36.) Peziza Cerastiorum — Wallr. in Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 153; Wallr., "Flo. Germ.," 465. Phacidium Ceras- tiorum— Gill., "Champ.," p. 169. Exs.— Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," No. 655; Rabh, "Fung. Eur.," 1705 and 17056. On leaves of Cerastium. Cups 300 to 5(% broad. Name — Cerastium, a genus of CaryojphyUacese. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowiight). C. SPORIDIA PYRIFORil. (a) On leaves. 51. Mollisia Ranunculi. (Wallr.) Hypophyllous, gregarious, on discoloured spots, erumpent, then sessile, orbicular; hymenium plane, at first ochraceous, then black; margin distinct, serrated, umber-brown, at length black; sporidia 8, pyriform, septate, 15 x o/x; paraphyses filiform, sometimes branched. Phlyctidium Ranunculi — Wallr., " Flo. Germ.," p. 416. Dothidea Ranunculi — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 562; Berk., "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 287. Excipida Ranun- culi— Rabh., "Handbk," 153. Phacidium Ranunculi — Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2271; Gill., "Champ.," p. 168. Phacidium litigiosum — Hob. in Desm, " Ann. Sc. Nat.," t. 8, 1847, p. 181. Exs.— Berk., 347; Desm, 1639; FckL, "F. Rh," 1175; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," 280, ed. ii. 452; Rehm, "Asco," 659; Kunze, "Fung. Sel.," 175, 381; Rounig, " Fung. Gal," 544. On fading leaves of Ranunculus repens, etc. About 500/x broad. Name — Ranuncidus, a genus of Ranunculacew. Forres ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Shere, Surrey ! (Dr. Capron). LACHNEA. 201 Subgenus VII. — Peristomialis. Subcylindrical, sessile, fleshy, disc plane or slightly concave; margin furnished with triangular teeth ; sporidia cylindraceo-filiform. (Plate VI. fig. 37.) Name — 7repi, around, oro/xa, the mouth ; furnished with scales round the mouth, like the peristome of mosses. Only one species. 52. Alollisia peristomialis. (B. and Br.) Minute, cylindrical, pallid, mouth furnished with long white triangular teeth ; hymenium nearly plane ; asci lanceolate ; sporidia biseriate, fusiform, multi-guttu- late, 20—27 X 4—5^. (Plate VI. fig. 37.) Peziza (Mollisia) peristomialis — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1169, t. 5, f. 32; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2119. On dead bark of holly. About 300 to 400/x high, by 200^u broad. Gregarious, at first globose, then elongated, and botuliform or subpyriform, truncate at the top, the hymenium scarcely depressed ; the triangular teeth re- semble those of Peziza inflexa (Bolt.) ; the sporidia are large, and furnished with 5 to 9 nuclei. " A most exquisite object under a moderate magnifier, resembling some Actinia in miniature. Sporidia '001 inch long" (B. and Br., I. c). Name — See under Subgenus. Penzance (J. Half's, Esq.). Series II— VESTIT^E. Genus VIII. — Lachnea. Fries. Cups stipitate or sessile, fleshy, waxy or fibrous ; clothed externally with more or less well-developed hairs. (Plates VI.-VIL, figs. 38-42.) Name — Xaxvrj7 down; from the villous or hairy clothing. 202 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Arrangement of Subgenera. I. Sarcoscypha II. Sepultaria III. BMzopodella IV. Scutellinia V. Neotiella Key to the Subgenera. Cups stipitate Cups seated on a mass of black hairs Cups immersed or semi-immersed in the soil Cups sessile ; hairs dark, rigid Cups sessile ; hairs nearly colourless . . 1-7 8-18 19 20-37 38-39 Sarcoscypha. Bhizopodella. Sepultaria. Scutellinia. Neotiella. Subgenus I. — Sarcoscypha. Cups large, fleshy, distinctly stipitate ; externally tomentose or hairy. (Plate VI. fig. 38.) Name — aap^, flesh, gkv^oq, a cup. Arrangement of the Species. A. Sporidia elliptic. (a) Epispore asperate . . . . . . species 1 (b) Epispore smooth. (a) intern erect . . . . , . „ 2-4 (j6) Stem rooting . . . . . . „ 5-6 B. Sporidia fusiform. (a) Epispore asperate . . . . . . „ 7 Key to the Species. Hymen ium black . . . . . . . . . . corium. Hymenium brown . , . . . . . . 1 Hymenium yellow . . . . . . . . 2 Hymenium carmine . . . . . . . . . . coccinea. (Exterior cinerascent ; stem bulbous at base . . bulbosa. Exterior blackish-brown, squamulose ; stem equal helvelloides. Exterior cinereous, hirto-venucose ; stem attenuated upwards . . . . . . . . . . . . macropus. o ( Exterior white, villous ; disc sulphur-yellow .. radiculata. ' (Exterior whitish, tomentose; disc pale orange . . cocotina. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC. (a) Epispore asperate. 1. Lachnea radiculata. (Sow). Cups subcsespitose, fleshy, hemispherical, then ap- planate ; stem thick, rooting ; hymenium sulphureous ; LAGHNEA. 203 externally white, villous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, asperate, 16 X 10/z; paraphyses filiform. (Plate VI. fig. 38.) Peziza radiculata — Sow., " Fung.," 1. 114 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. 81; Crouan, " Flo. Fin," p. 52; "Eng. Flu.," v. p. 192 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," 1160*, t. 4, f. 23 ; Cooke, "Handbk," 2015 ; "Grevillea," iii. fig. 92; Cooke, " Myeogr.," fig. 99. Peziza Soiuerbca — Pcrs, " Myco. Eur.," p. 232. Lachnea radicidata — Gill, " Champ," p. 6tj, c. i. Exs.— Rabh, " Fung. Eur," 618. On the ground, in gardens and in fir woods, etc. Summer and autumn. Cups 1 to 1^ inches broad ; hairs septate, hyaline, rather long (M. C. Cooke). Somewhat reticulated ex- ternally, with irregular prominent veins, 1 inch or more broad (Berk, in " Eng. Flo."). Name — Radicula, a little root ; from the rooting base. Dropmore, Jedburgh (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Near Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). North Wootton (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Epping (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Stoke Ne wing- ton (Mr. W. G. Smith). Var. Percevalii. PhiL Differing in the oblique cups (which resemble the species in Otidea) and the clavate paraphyses. Name — After Mr. Cecil H. Spencer Perceval. Stopham S (Mr. Cecil H. Spencer Perceval). (a) Epispore smooth. (a) Stem erect. 2. Lachnea coccinea. (Jacq). Cups stipitate, infundibuliform ; externally, as well as the stem, whitish, tomentose, with short adpressed down ; disc carmine; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblong-ellip- tic, smooth, 25 — 27 X dfx ; paraphyses linear. Peziza coccinea — Jacq, " Misc. Austr," t. 169 ; Fries, •'' Sys. Myco," ii. 79 ; Nees, " Sys.," f. 288 ; Bolt, " Fung," t. 104 ; Buxb, " Petr," iv. t. 29, f. 4; Batt, t. 3, f. N, O; 204 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Ray., "Syn.," iii. p. 19, No. 15; Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 43 ; Gonn. and Rabh., " Myco. Eur./' iii. t. 4, fig. 5 ; Weinm., p. 434; Grev., 161; " Eng. Flo./' v. p. 192; Cooke, "Handbk." 2012; Pat., p. 34, f. 80. Peziza epidendra — Bull., "Champ.," t. 467; Sow., "Fung.," 1. 13. Peziza pocidiformis — Hofim, " Crypt.," t. 7, f. 5. Plec- tania coccinea — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 324. Lachnea coccinea — Gill., " Champ.," p. 66, c. i. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1213; Rabh., "Herb. Myco.," i. 1020; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," i. 651 • Phil., "Elv. Brit.," 61 ; Ellis, " N. A. Fungi," 434. On rotten branches. Spring. Cups about 1 inch broad ; stem J to 1 inch long. This is the most handsome species in our flora. Its nearly white tomentose exterior contrasts strongly with the carmine disc. A single specimen with a white hymenium was said to have been found near Ipswich (vide Science Gossip, vol. xxi., 1885, p. 67). * Name — Coccinews, scarlet; from the colour of the hymenium. Gillingham, Norfolk (Sowerby). Hitcham, Suffolk ; Staffordshire; Kingston, near Taunton; and Kilmory, Argyleshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Thringston and Gopsall (Rev. A. Bloxam). Ipswich (Mr. J. English). Thirsk (Mr. J. G. Baker). Epping ; Shire Newton, near Chepstow ; and Albury (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Coolcarrigan, co. Kildare ! (Mr. Wilson). Bunwell and Cossey, Norfolk (Rev. K. Trimmer). North Wootton, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Stoke, near Bristol (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). Church Stretton ! and Hook-a-gate, Salop ! Kerry Valley, Montgomeryshire ! Malvern ! (Mr. Jones). Cummersdale, Cumberland! (Dr. Carlyle). 3. Lachnea corium. (Weberb.) Cups stipitate, waxy, when dry subcoriaceous, saucer- shape, becoming expanded, sometimes laterally compressed, black ; externally velvety ; stem equal or thickened below, deeply sulcate or subrugose, glabrous, paler at LACIIXEA. 203 the base ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, rather broadly elliptic, at first guttulate, smooth, 18 — 20 X 10^u; para- physes clavate, with brown apices. Peziza covium — Weberb, " Pilze," t. iii. f. 7 ; Cooke, " Mycogr.," fig. 187 ; " Grevillea," v. p. 59. Aleuria covium, Gill, " Champ.," p. 39. Exs.— Phil, "Elv. Brit.," No. 153; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 2209 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. No. 552 ; Rav, "Fung. Am," 760. On the ground in sandy soil. Spring. Cups ^ to 1 J inches broad ; stem J to 1 J inches long, and about 1 to 3 lines broad at the base, smaller above. The flesh is white ; the cells which form the velvety surface of the exterior are composed of 4 to 8 in a chain, constricted at their junction, the chain very rarely branched. The brown apices of the paraphyses are often composed of nearly moniliform cells. Name — Corium, leather; leather-like. North Wootton ! ^Mr. C. B. Plowright). 4. Lachnea bulbosa. (Hedw.) Cups hemispherical, becoming expanded, waxy, when dry subcoriaceous, cinerascent, minutely squamulose ; hymenium blackish brown ; stem firm, rather slender, arising from a tuber-form base ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 1-guttulate, gutta large, smooth, 15 X 10 fx ; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Peziza bulbosa— -Nees, " Sys," f. 289 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 58 ; " Grevillea," iii. fig. 8 ; Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 189. Octospora bulbosa — Hedw, " Mus. Frond," t. x. f. c. Fungoides fuscum — Buxb, "Petr," iv. t. 29, f. 3; Schseff., t. 152. Aleuria bulbosa — Gill, " Champ," p. 37, c. i. Exs.— Rabh, « Fung. Eur," 1308. On the ground in sandy soil. Summer and autumn. Cups J an inch to 1 inch broad ; stem J an inch to 1 inch long, 1 line thick ; flesh pale grey. Name — Bulbus, a bulb ; bulbous. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright) 2C6 BHITISH DISCOMYCETES (/3) Stem, rooting. 5. Lachnea helvelloides. (Fries.) Cup-shaped, complanate, then expanded, orbicular, becoming reflexed, blackish brown; externally, together with the equal stem, squamulose-scabrous ; asci cylin- drical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 15 — 17 X 10^u; para- physes subclavate. Peziza helvelloides — Fries, " Summa ~Veg. Scan.," 348 ; "Grevillea," iii. fig. 6 ; Cooke, "Myeogr.," fig. 190. Hel- vetia pezizoides — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 20 ; Afz. in "Vet. Ac. Hand].," 1873, t. 10, £. 2; Sacc, "Myco. Ven. Sp.," p. 169; Karat., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 36; Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," 333. Aleuria helvelloides — Gill., " Champ.," p. 40. Exs.— Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," ii. 237 ; Karat., " Fung. Fenn.," 446; Fckl., "F. Rh," 1880; Rabh., "Herb. Myco.," ii. 26. In pine woods and mossy places. Autumn. Cup scarcely 1 inch broad ; stem 1 to 2 inches high, 1 to 2 lines thick. Name — Helvetia, a genus of fungi, tlSog, likeness ; Helvella-like. Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 6. Lachnea cocotina. (Cooke.) Cups rooting, fleshy, hemispherical, becoming applanate; margin entire ; hymenium pale orange ; externally, to- gether with the stem, whitish tomentose ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, hyaline, smooth, 18 X 10/z; paraphyses clavate. Peziza cocotina — Cooke in " Grevillea," v. p. 61 ; "Myeogr.," fig. 356. On cocoa-nut fibre in a caterpillar-cage, and on saw- dust. October. Cups 1 inch diameter. In some points resembling Peziza radiculata (Sow.), in others Peziza cerea (Sow.), but differing from both (Cooke). The tomentum consists of short flexuous hairs com- posed of 3 to 5 oblong cells, constricted at the joints. LACHNEA. 207 Name — Cocos, the name of the cocoa-nut tree; grow- ing on cocoa-nut fibre. Epping (Mr. J. English). Edinburgh, Botanic Gardens (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Brandon, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plow- right). B. SPOKIDIA FUSIFORM. (a) Epispore asperate. 7. Lachnea macropus. (Pers.) Cups hemispherical, then expanded, hirto-verrucose, cinereous ; hymenium mouse-brown ; stem very long, attenuated upwards, even or irregularly lacunose, cine- reous, nearly hairy ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusi- form elliptic, becoming slightly asperate, 30 x 10 — 12/z; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Peziza macropus — Pers., " Obs.," ii. p. 26, t. 1, f. 2 ; "F*o. Dan.," t. 1200, f. 2; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 57; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 189 ; Berk., « Outl," 365 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 1965 ; " Mycogr.," fig. 188 ; Grev., " Sc. Crypt. Flo.," t. 70 ; " Grevillea," iii. t. 27, fig. 7 ; Sturm., 31, t. 20, fig. e ; Pat., p. 35, f. 34 (spor. not good). Peziza stipitata — Bull., "Champ.," t. 192 and 457, f. 2; Sow., " Fung.," t. 38. Peziza hispida—Sch^ff., " Icon.," t. 166 ; Bolt., t. 96. Peziza sublicia — Holms., "Ot.," ii. t. 10. Macropodia macropus — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 331 ; Sacc, " Myco. Ven. Sp.," p. 168. Helvetia macropus — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 37. Aleuria macropus — Gill., " Champ.," p. 35, c. i. Exs.— Desm., « Crypt. Fr," i. 427; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 73 ; Fckl., "F. B,h," 1234 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," i. 289; Phil., "Elv. Brit," 152; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," 1413. On the ground in shady woods. Summer and autumn. Solitary, 1 to 3 inches high ; cups 1 to 2 inches broad. The cups become expanded, and sometimes re- flexed ; the exterior is cinereous, and clothed with little hairy or villous warts, the hairs consisting of oblong 208 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. concatenate cells, their extremities free. The stem is enlarged downwards, often lacunose, occasionally be- coming hollow with age. Name — juaicpog, large, ttovq, a foot ; large-stemmed. Woods below Highfield, near Halifax (Bolton). Finch- ley Common (Sowerby). On the road from Dunnington to Pophill (Purton). Near Guildford (Hudson). Bal- muto, KB. (Dr. Greville). Forres, N.B.M (Rev. Dr. Keith). North Wootton ! (C. B. Plowright). Farningham Earl (C. B. Plowright). Glamis (Rev. J. Stevenson). Epping Forest (Mr. English). Bishop's Wood, Hamp- stead ; and Albury, Surrey (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Sufton Court, Herefordshire ! Wrekin, Salop ! Craigforda, near Oswestry ! Tyntesrleld, Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Near Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). Subgenus II. — Sepultaria. Cooke. Cups fleshy, sessile, clad with coloured hairs ; chiefly terrestrial. (Plate VI. fig. 39.) Name — Sejmltus, buried ; from being immersed. Arrangement of the Species. A. Cups large, often immersed. (a) Sporidia globose . . . . . . species 8 (/>) Sporidia elliptic . . . . . . „ 9-14 (c) Sporidia fusiform . . . . . . „ 15-16 B. Cups smaller ; hairs olten fasciculate. (a) Sporidia elliptic .. .. .. „ 17-18 Key to the Species. Hymenium brown . . . . . . . . . . 1 Hymenium red . . . . . . . . . . 2 Hymenium pallid-oehrafeous . . . . . . Sumneriana. Hymenium cinereous, livid, or bluish white . . 3 'Externally brown, having short hairs; cups im- mersed . . . . . . . . . . . . geaster. Externally brown, having„long flexuous hairs ; cups 1. \ immersed . . . . . . . . . . . . arenicola. Externally brown, having longish rigid hairs ; cups sessile . . . . . . . . . . . . gregaria. .Externally brown ; hairs fasciculate ; cups sessile. . brunnea. 'Externally brown ; hymenium orange-red . . . . lapidaria. Externally brown ; hymenium deep flesh-red . . hybrida. (Externally scarlet .. .. .. .. .. h'rto-codcinea. Externally fulvous .. .. .. .. var. fulvo-coccinea. LACHNEA. 209 Externally brown, having long flexuous hairs; hyrneniinn livid; cups immersed . . . . . . sepulta. o .Externally brown, having long straight hairs; ' 1 hymeniurn livid ; cups sessile . . . . . . hemispherica. Externally brown, having short rigid hairs; hyine- \ nium watery grey ; cups sessile . . . Wuolhoptia. A. CUPS LARGE, OFTEN IMMERSED. (a) Sporidia globose. 8. Lachnea brunnea. (A and S.) Cups gregarious, subcrespitose, sessile, hemispherical, then depressed, subrlexuose, brown, externally clothed with minute, rigid, fasciculate, brown, septate hairs ; hymeniurn the same colour ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, asperate, 15 — 18/z; paraphyses slender, septate, apices clavate. Peziza brunnea — A. and S. in " Consp.," p. 317. Lachnea brunnea — Gill., " Champ.," p. 72. On the ground. November. Cups 1 to 2 lines broad. The above description embraces the characters of Albertini and Schweinitz's species, with the addition of microscopical characters of a plant referred to it by Mr. C. E. Broome, which agrees admirably in external cha- racters. No original examples are at present known to exist either in American or British herbaria of Albertini and Schweinitz's species ; there must always remain a doubt, therefore, whether we have the true plant. Name — Brunneus, dark brown. Near Hereford ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). (b) Sporidia elliptic. 9. Lachnea sepulta. (Fries.) Cups sessile, subterranean, globose, at first closed, then opening by a narrow mouth, at length splitting into many unequal laciniaa ; externally clothed with long, flexuose, branched, septate, brown hairs ; hymeniurn urceolate, brownish or livid ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, r 210 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. broadly elliptic, 1 to 2 or several guttse, smooth, 22 — 24 x 12/x ; paraphyses stout, septate, apices clavate. (Plate VI. fig. 39.) Peziza sepulta — Fries, " Nov. Symb. Myco.," 1851, p. 126; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 766; Berk., " Outl," p. 365 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2019 ; " Gre- villea," iii. fig. 212'; Cooke, " Mycogr," fig. 112. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit./' 63; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. No. 544. On the ground, after autumnal rains. Cups 1 to 2 inches broad, globose, clothed with dense woolly fibres, the upper portion often breaking off irregularly and so exposing the disc (B. and Br.). This is very closely allied to Peziza arenaria (Osbeck) and P. arenicola (Lev.). It bears also a close resem- blance to the genus Hydrocystis — Tul. (B. and Br.). Name — Sepultus, buried. East Bergholt (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Forden, North Wales ! (Rev. J. E. Vize). 10. Lachnea geaster. (B. and Br.) Cups scattered, sessile, subterranean, globose, bursting into a few lacinise ; externally villose, brown ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 1-guttate, smooth, 18 — 23 X 10 — 11/x; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Peziza geaster — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," 3866, Nos. 956 and 1162, t. 4, f. 26 (nee Gonn. and Rabh, iii. t. 3, f. 5); " Grevillea," iii. tig. 223; Cooke, "Handbk.," 2018; " Mycogr.," fig. 114. Amongst comminuted stone and earth. October. Cups about J an inch in diameter. The surface is not warty, as in P. arenaria (B. and Br.). Name — yj), the earth, a' 39 Key to the Species. Hymenium orange • . Cornubiensis. Hymenium bright scarlet . • crueipila. Hymenium blue . . cserulea. A. SPORIDIA ASPERATE. 38. Lachnea Cornubiensis. (B. and Br.) Cups sessile, fleshy, nearly plane, affixed to the soil by villous down, the margin alone free ; externally clothed with delicate, obtuse, septate hairs ; hymenium orange ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblongo-elliptic, asperate, 18—22 X 13^; paraphyses linear. (Plate VII. fig. 42.) Peziza Cornubiensis — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 767; Berk., "Outl.," p. 366; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 1993; "Mycogr.," fig. 309. On manured ground. Cups f of an inch broad, depressed. A very fine species (B. and Br., I. c). Name — Cornubia, the Latin name of Cornwall. Penzance (Mr. Tracy Millett). B. SPORIDIA SMOOTH. 39. Lachnea crueipila. (Cooke and Phil.) Cups scattered, sessile, fleshy, hemispherical, then plane ; externally pale scarlet, clothed with pale brown, forked or cruciate, septate hairs; hymenium bright scarlet; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 230 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. smooth, 20 X 9/x; paraphyses clavate at the apices, filled with orange-red granules. Peziza crucipUa — Cooke and Phil, in "Mycogr," fig. 237; Pat., p. 209, f. 481. Lachnea crucipila — Gill., " Champ.," figure only. Exs.— Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 647. On the earth in shady damp places in woods. Summer and autumn. Cups i to 1 line broad. The forked hairs, which are intermixed with simple ones, are 200/x long. Name — Crux, a cross, pilus, the hair. Downton Castle, Herefordshire ! Newport, Salop ! Highgate and Heywood Forest (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Doubtful species. Lachnea ccerulea. (Bolt.) Plane, ciliated, black and smooth externally ; hairs soft, pallid ; disc bright blue. Peziza ccerulea — Bolt., t. 108, f. 2 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 86; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 193; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2026. Lachnea ccerulea — Gill, "Champ," p. 73. On putrid wood, in moist places under fir-trees ; very rare. October. Cups about 2 lines broad. This has not been observed since Bolton's time. May he not have had before him young specimens of Corticium cceruleum (Fries), which often assume a form agreeing with his figure ? Compare his figure (108, f. 2) with Sowerby's 350. Genus IX. — Lachnella. Fries (amended). Cups small, stipitate or sessile ; flesh thin, firm, waxy ; externally pilose or villous ; asci cylindrical or sub- clavate ; sporidia 8, colourless ; paraphyses filiform or acerose. (Plates VII, VIII figs. 43-49.) Name — Diminutive of the preceding genus. LACHNELLA. 231 Arrangement of the Subgenera. I. Dasyscypha II. LachneUa III. Fibrina Key to the Subgenera. Cups furnished with a stem Cups sessile or subsessile ("Flesh dry ; cups externally fibroso-striate . . \Flesh softer ; cups externally pilose ur villous 1-36 37-70 71-73 Dasyscypha. 1 Fibrina. LachneUa. species 1 2 Section I. — Stipitate. Subgenus I. — Dasyscypha. Fries. Cups slender, waxy, dry ; disc glabrous ; externally pilose or villous, stipitate ; paraphyses filiform or acerose. (Plates VII, VIII. tigs. 43-46.) Arrangement of the Species. a. Hairs of cup coloured. (a) Sporidia elliptic. (a) Paraphyses filiform (/3) Paraphyses acerose . . (b) Sporidia fusiform, (a) Paraphyses filiform (/3) Paraphyses acerose Hairs of cup hyaline. (a) Sporidia globose. (a) Paraphyses filiform (b) Sporidia oblong- elliptic, (a) Paraphyses filiform . . (c) Sporidia fusiform. (a) Paraphyses filiform 1/3) Paraphyses acerose (d) Sporidia elongato fusiform or filiform (a) Paraphyses acerose Position doubtful ; sporidia subglobose . . »j »! B. O. 3-5 6-10 11 12-14 15-22 23-32 33-35 36 Key to the Species. A. HATRS OF CUP COLOURED. Hymenium some shade of brown . . . . , Hymenium yellowish Hymenium pallid fExternally sugar-coloured; paraphyses filiform . j Externally tawny ; paraphyses filiform 1. -{Externally fawn-colour ; paraphyses acerose | Externally umber-brown; paraphyses acerose (.Externally yellowish-brown; paraphyses acerose. cerina. 2 Stevensoni. fuscescens. clandestina. calyculxfurmis. caulicola. 232 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. ! Extern nlly vinous-brown ; paraphyses filiform Externally pale brown ; paraphyses filiform Externally pale brown ; paraphyses acerose Externally pale fulvous ; paraphyses acerose B. HAIRS OF CLP HYALINE. 1. 2. 3. Hymenium flesh-colour Hymenium fawn-colour Hymenium yellow Hymenium white {Externally bluish-grey Externally straw-colour Externally yellow Externally white (Paraphyses filiform (Paraphyses acerose j Growing on resin . Growing on Luzula sylvatica Growing on bark 'Margin of cup glabrous Margin of cup villous ; sporidia minute <( Margin of cup villous ; sporidia large Margin of cup tomentose ; sporidia medium size . 5. 6. 8. 9. I Growing on bark or wood Growing on Phragmitis Growing on Juncus Growing on oak-leaves ("Paraphyses filiform .. \ Paraphyses acerose Growing on pine-leaves Growing on fern-stems Growing on wood . . . . . . . . ( Growing on Phytisma . . . . . . . . | Growing on Myrica Gale •{Growing on bark, wood, etc.. . j Growing on fern-fronds ^Growing on leaves I Hairs of cup surmounted with globose, echinulate, crystalline heads Hairs of cup without crystalline heads C. Position doubtful A. HAIRS OF CUP COLOURED. diplncarpa. truhodea. brunneola. palearum. nuda. apala. 1 6 tricolor. luteal a. solfatera, 2 3 5 resin aria, luzulina. 4 cnpressina. subtilissima. calycina. (pygmsta. (comitessse* bicolor. aeutipila. divdnuta. ]>atula. 7 8 acuum. aspidiicola. nivea. Jiliytesmx. crucifera. virginea. filicea. 9 echinulaia. cilia vis. erythrostigiua. (a) Sporidia elliptic. (a) Paraphyses filiform. 1. Lachnella diplocarpa. (Currey.) Cups stipitate, hemispherical, then nearly plane; externally vinous-brown, clothed, as well as the stem, LACHNELLA. 233 with dense, short, reddish-brown, septate hairs; hyme- nium waxy, subglaucous, greenish-olive ; margin slightly indexed, fimbriate ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, guttulate, 10 — 12 X 3/x; paraphyses filiform, apices clavate, acuminate. (Plate VII. fig. 43.) Peziza diplocarpa — Curr., " Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p. 153, t. 25, f. 30-33 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2047. On the ground. November. Cups J of an inch wide ; margin slightly inflexed and surrounded by a ring of hairs of a pale umber, forming a marked contrast in colour with the reddish brown outer hairs ; disc waxy, somewhat glaucous, of a greenish olive colour; sporidia elliptic, with a nucleus at each extremity, usually slightly narrowed at each end, "0003 inch (Jfx) long ; paraphyses filiform, terminating in spore- like bodies, the latter 2 to 4-septate, acuminate at the apex, and tapering to the junction with the filament, varying much in length, from '0008 to '0018 inch (20/* to 50//). Allied to P. rufo-olivacea — A. and S. (Currey). Besides the peculiar bodies Mr. Currey regarded as the paraphyses, I find in the original specimen slender filiform paraphyses. (Plate VII. fig. 43.) Name — cWAooc, double, leapfrog, fruit ; having two kinds of fruit. Joydens Wood, Dartford ! (Mr. F. Currey). (/3) Paraphyses acerose. 2. Lachnella cerina. (Pers.) Cups gregarious or crowded, shortly stipitate or sub- sessile, hemispherical, at length nearly plane, yellowish- olive, furfuraceo-villose ; hairs brown, asperate ; hyme- nium yellowish or dull olive-yellow ; margin connivent ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 6x3/i; paraphyses slenderly acerose, exceeding the asci. (Plate VII. fig. 44.) Peziza cerina — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 651 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 92 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 195 ; Holms, ii. t. 20 ; Nees., f. 283 ; " Flo. Dan.," t. 1620 (lower fig.) ; 234 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Nyl., "Pez. Fenn.," p. 25; Karst., "Mon. Pez.," 184; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2036. Dasyscypka cerina — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 305. Helotium cerinum — Karst., " My co. Fenn./' p. 156. Lachnea cerina — Gill., " Champ.," p. 70, c. i. Exs.— Rabh., "Herb. Myco," 628; Fckl., «F. Rh," 1204; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 319; Phil, " Elv. Brit.," 118; Roumg., " Stirpes," 264. On dead wood. September to June. Cups \ to \ a line broad ; texture dry and firm. The stem when present is blackish, expanding into the dull olive-yellow cups. The hairs are decidedly rough, and yellowish-brown. Karsten says the hairs are articulate ; I do not see them so in the specimens I examined, which were named by Persoon himself in Gay's collection in Herb. Kew. Name — Cera, wax ; wax-coloured. Middletown, Montgomeryshire! Shelton, near Shrews- bury ! Craven Arms, Salop ! Llanyblodwell ! Dinmore, Hereford ! Stapleton Park, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Near Aberdeen ! (J. W. H. Trail). (b) Sporidia fusiform. (a) Paraphyses filiform. 3. Lachnella trichodea. (Phil, and Plow.) Cups gregarious or scattered, shortly stipitate, at first globose, then hemispherical, pale brown, clothed with rather long, fulvous, rigid hairs ; hymenium pallid-white ; asci clavate-cylindrical ; sporidia 8, biseriate, oblong- elliptic, biguttulate, 7 X 15/x. Peziza trichodea — Phil, and Plow, in " Grevillea," iii. p. 125, t. 42, f. 4. Exs.— Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 69. Cups 20 to SOfx broad ; the asci, 30 X 5/x. The hairs are mostly without septa, and thickened at the base. On dead pine-leaves. Autumn. Name — Spifi, hair, stSog, resemblance ; like hair. LACHNELLA. 2oJ Trefriw, North Wales! Ercall Hill, Salop! Marsh Brook, Salop ! General Cemetery, Shrewsbury ! 4. Lachnella Stevensoni. (B. and Br.) Minute, subglobose, sugar-coloured ; externally granu- lar; stem very short, incrassated upwards; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, minute, subcymbseform, 8 X 2/x; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza (Mollisia) Stevensoni — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1485; "Grevillea," iii. p. 122. On decorticated wood. Sporidia '0005 inch (12^) long. This is accompanied by creeping threads, which give off erect branches bear- ing obovate spores "001 inch (25ft) long. Probably a conidiiferous state (B. and Br.). The specimens in the Bev. M. J. Berkeley's herbarium are minutely hairy ; hairs delicate, nearly colourless ; cups 200 to 20 5 ju broad ; the stem nearly absent, or rather long ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblongo-fusiform, 8x2ju; paraphyses filiform, slender. Name — After tae Bev. J. Stevenson. 5. Lachnella fuscescens. (Pers.) Cups scattered, stipitate, at first globose, then hemi- spherical, tawny, clothed with bay -brown hairs ; hyme- nium pale brown ; stem very short ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia linear, obtuse, 10 X l/i ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza fuscescens — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 654 ; " Myco. Eur.," p. 265 ; A. and S., " Corisp.," 325 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 309 ; Phil., " Grevillea," iii. p. 188 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1622; « Grevillea," v. p. 61 ; Cooke, " Carp. Grevillea," p. 127, t. 40, f. 154. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Bh.," 1168; Boumg., "Fung. Gal.," 1959. On the under side of dead beech-leaves. Autumn. Cups the size of P. brunneola, which it resembles, but the paraphyses are not acerose, as in that species. 236 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Fuscus, brown; becoming brown. Builth, South Wales ! (/3) Paraphyses acerose. 6. Lachnella clandestina. (Bull.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, turbinate, then cyathiform, fawn-coloured or brown, clothed with brown septate hairs ; hymenium pallid, often brownish ; stem enlarged upwards from the darker, woody base ; asci clavate- cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusiform, 5 — 8x 1'5/x; para- physes acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza clandestina — Bull., " Champ.," p. 251 (not fig.); Pers., " Obs.," i. p. 41 ; " Myco. Eur.," p. 262 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 94; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 195; Johnst., " Flo. Ber.," p. 151 ; Nyl., "Pez. Fenn.," p. 26 ; Karst., " Pez. et Ascob.," p. 18; and "Mon. Pez.," p. 196. Lachnum clan- destinum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 178. Dasyscypha clandestina — FckL, "Sym. Myco./' p. 305. Lacknea clandestina — Gill., "Champ.," p. 69. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1537, and ed. ii. 1037; Rabh., "Herb. Myco.," ed. ii. 21; Sommf., 100; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 52 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 67 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur.," 2840 ; Roumg., " Stirpes," 330. On dead stems of Rubus Idwus. Cups \ to J a line broad, about the same high ; gre- garious, rather persistent ; stem ligneous ; cups entire, closed except when moist, but then concave ; the hairs are rather long, flexuose, pointed, septate, brown. Name — Clandestinios, hidden ; from lying under dead leaves. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Hawkstone, Salop 1 7. Lachnella caulicola. (Fries.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, turbinato-globose, then hemispherical, yellowish-brown or pale umber, pubescent and subfarinaceous, becoming glabrous; hymenium the same colour ; stem half the whole height, but variable ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong- LACHNELLA. 237 fusiform, 7 X 1/u ; paraphyses acerose, slender, exceeding the asei. Peziza caulicola — Fries, " Sys. Mvco.," ii. p. 94 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 310 ; Nyl., "Pez. Fenn.," ]>. 26; Karst, " Mon. Pez.," p. 197; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2036 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 308. Helotium cauli- cola— Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 134. Lachnea caulicola —Gill., " Champ./' 69. On dead herbaceous stems. Winter and summer. Cups 500 — 700/x broad. The hairs are short, slender, flexuous, asperate, with a few granules of oxalate of lime on their apices. Name — Caulis, a stem, colo, to inhabit. Rudloe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 8. Lachnella calyculwformis. (Schum.) Sub-infundibuliform, umber-brown ; margin erect ; ex- ternally villous, as well as the very short, rather thick stem ; hymenium yellowish brown ; asci cylindraceo- clavate; sporidia8, subfusiform, 10 — 12 X 2/x; paraphyses acerose. Peziza calyculwfovmis — Schum., " Saell./' p. 425 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 94 ; Karst., " Mon. Pez.," p. 196 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," Nos. 959 and 1164; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2037. Lachnum calyculceformis — Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 178. Lachnea calyculce- fovmis — Gill., " Champ.," p. 69. On dead wood. About f of a line broad. " Our plant agrees with Schumacher's in habit; it is not, however, scattered in growth. It has a decidedly dark brown stem, which is smooth ; and the margin is rather connivent than erect ': (B. and Br., I. c). Name — Calix, a cup, forma, form ; from the shape. Mossburnford (Mr. A. Jerdon). Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Var. latebricola. (Rehm, " A^co.," No. 111.) Sporidia 6 — 7 X 2*5^ (Rehm). I find them 9 — 10 X '2-Dfi. 238 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Latebricola, one that dwells in hiding. On twigs of Rhododendron. Batheaston ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). 9. Lachnella brunneola. (Desm.) Cups scattered, stipitate, at first globose, then plane, marginate, pale brown, villose ; hairs septate, obtuse ; hymenium pallid-white ; stem very short, glabrous, ivory- white ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform, 6 — 10 X 2/u; paraphyses acerose, stoutish, exceeding the asci. Peziza brunneola — Desm., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1841, ser. ii. vol. xvii. p. 96 ; Phil., " Grevillea," iii. 125, t. 42, rig. 2. Lachnum brunneolum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 180. Lachnea brunneola — Gill., " Champ.," p. 67. Exs. — Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1156., eel. ii. 656; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 826 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 28. On both sides of decayed oak and Spanish chestnut leaves. Summer and autumn. Cups 500 — 800/ul broad ; stem very short, glabrous ; hairs very pale greyish-brown, septate, obtuse, with a group of granules of oxalate of lime on the summits. Name — Brunneus, deep brown ; brownish. Trefriw, North Wales ! Brockley Coombe, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Var. fagicola. Phil. Cups scattered, stipitate, at first globose, then hemi- spherical, dark brown, clothed with rather short, stout, septate, brown, obtuse hairs ; hymenium the same colour ; stem slender, enlarged upwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, acute at the ends, 7 — 10 X 2/z ; para- physes acerose, broad, exceeding the asci. Peziza brunneola, var. fagicola — Phil, in herb. On beech-mast. May. Cups 300 — 500/z broad ; the hairs rather short, stout, septate, obtuse, masses of oxalate of lime at the apices ; the paraphyses are broad, and are one-third longer than the asci. LACHNELLA. 239 Very similar to L. brunneola; it is a much darker colour, and the hairs are stouter and more granular within. Name — Fagus, the beech, colo, to inhabit ; from the habitat. Brockley Coombe, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 10. Lachnella palearum. (Desm.) Cups scattered, stipitate, hemispherical, then ex- panded, pale fulvous, tomentose ; hairs rather short, septate, fulvous, obtuse ; hymenium concave, pallid-white, margin ciliated ; stem rather long, enlarged upwards into the cup, base darker, firm ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, 10 — 13 X 2/u ; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza palearum — Desm., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1846; Karst., " Mon. Pez.," p. 195 ; Phil., " Grevillea," iv. p. 121 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 308. Peziza clandestina, j3. patens — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 94 (?) ; /3j3. patula — A. and S., p. 230 (?). Peziza Schiveinitzii — Auersw. in Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," nov. ed. No. 1118. Lachnea patens — Karst., " Symb.," p. 250. Lachnum patens — Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," p. 179; Mich., vii. p. 330. Lachnea palearum — Gill., " Champ./' p. 67. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1417, ed. ii. 917 ; Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," nov. eel. 1118 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 68 ; Rhem, "Asco.," 156; Thum., "Fung. Aus.," 828; and "Mycoth. Univ.," 121; Fckl., « F. Rh.," 1181; Roumg., " Fung. Gal.," 540. On decayed culms of Psamma arenaria, and other grasses. Cups 300 — 400/* broad, nearly the same high. The short, septate hairs cover the whole of the exterior, and often have a few granules of oxalate of lime on their apices. Asci 50/* long, and 5/u broad. Name — Palea, chaff; growing on chaff. North Wootton, Norfolk (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Man- gotsfield, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall) ; Gran town, N.B. ( Rev. Dr. Keith). Water Orton ! (Mr. W. B. Grove). 210 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. B. HAIES OF CUP HYALINE. (a) Sporidia globose. (a) Paraphyses filiform. 11. Lachnella Cxipressi. (Batsch.) Cups gregarious, sessile or with a short stem, at first pyriform, then almost hemispherical, at length nearly plane, between neshy and waxy ; margin entire, rather obtuse, glabrous ; base and stem villose white ; hymenium orange-yellow ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, smooth, 9 — 10yu; paraphyses slender, apices slightly en- larged. (Plate VIII. fig. 45.) Peziza Cvpressi — Batsch, " EL," p. 119. Peziza cvpressina — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 667; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 135 ; Karst., "Mon. Pez.," p. 122 ; Gonn. and Rabh., " Myco. Eur.," iii. p. 9, t. 5, f. 9 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 63. Pithya cupressina — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 317. Phialea cupressina — Gill., " Champ.," 107. Exs.— Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. ii. No. 19 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 149 ; Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," 122 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur.," 2966. On leaves of Juniperus Sabina. Cups about 1 line broad. Name — Cupressus, the cypress ; from its habitat when found by Batsch. Brandon, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). (b) Sporidia oblong -elliptic. (a) Paraphyses fil iform. 12. Lachnella tricolor. (Sow.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, hemispherical, waxy ; ex- ternally pale blue or bluish-grey, villose with slender, septate, nearly colourless hairs ; stem very short, rather stout, nearly white ; hymenium yellowish ; asci clav&to- cylindrical; sporidia 8, narrowly elliptic, smooth, biseriate, 13 — 15 x 2fi; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza tricolor — Sow. in "Eng. Fung.," t. 3C9, f. 6; LACHNELLA. 241 Fries, " Sys. Myco./' ii. p. 134 ; " Eng. Flo./' v. p. 204 ; Berk., " OutL," p. 368; Cooke, "Handbk.," No 2042. Peziza Godroniana — Mont., " Syll," p. 185. Exs.— Mong. and Nest., No. 1189. On bark and wood. Cups about ^ a line broad. This is a very rare species, easily recognized by its bluish-grey exterior. Name — Tricolor, three-coloured ; from the disc, cup, and stem being different colours. Ripon (Mr. W. Brunton). 13. Lachnella calycina. (Schum.) Cups gregarious or scattered, often c?espitose, stipitate, at first hemispherical, then expanded, waxy ; externally white, villose; hymenium orange-yellow ; margin entire ; stem short, rather stout, enlarged upwards into the base of the cup ; asci cylindrical or subclavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or fusiform, smooth, 18 — 22 X 7fi ; para- physes filiform, scarcely thickened upwards. Peziza calycina — Schum., " Saell.," p. 424 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 91 (in part); "Eng. Flo.," v. 195 (in part) ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2034. Peziza laricis — Rerun, " Grevillea," iv. p. 169. Lachnea calycina — Gill., " Champ.," p. 71. Peziza Willkommii — R. Hartig., " Krank. Waldb." Exs.— Cooke, "Fung. Brit," i. 474, ii. 369; Rehm, " Asco," 62 ; Fckl, " F. Rh.," 1206 ; Thum, " Herb Myco.," 191; Phil, "Elv. Brit," No. 22; Winter, "Fungi Eur," 14226; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 369, 370. On bark of larch and Scotch firs. Dr. Cooke has pointed out the fact that two different species have been included by authors under this name, the one having much smaller sporidia than the other. The one with the smaller sporidia he has named P. sub- tilissima (Cooke) ; the other he regards as Schumacher's species. The synonymy is rendered somewhat uncertain by this fact, and only such references have been given above as have been verified. 242 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Cups i to 1 line broad. This excessively common but very pretty British species can be distinguished from L. subtilissima (Cooke) chiefly by the size of the sporidia. The cups when young are nearly globose, the stem barely visible or quite absent, the mouth is only a minute pore ; when old the cup expands, exposing the yellow disc, but the margin is always entire and upright — never recurved. Name — Calycinus, resembling a calyx. Var. Trevelyani. Cooke in " Grevillea," iii. p. 121. Distinguished by the larger sporidia (30 — 35/x long), and by their tendency to become pseudo-uniseptate. Scotland (Dr. Stirton). Argyleshire (Mr. B. Acton). Pontesford, Salop ! 14. Lachnella resinaria. (Cooke and Phil.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, at first turbinate, then somewhat expanded, waxy ; externally white, and clothed, as well as the short stem, with short villous down; hymenium pale orange ; margin inflexed ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, hyaline, 5 X 2 5/u ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza resinaria — Cooke and Phil, " Grevillea," iii. p. 185. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit.," 66. On resin of .spruce fir. Spring. Cups J a line broad ; the asci are 30 — 35 x 3 — 4/i. This species is remarkable amongst the group to which it belongs for the minuteness of the sporidia. Name — Resina, resin ; growing on resin. Trefriw, North Wales ! (c) Sp>oridia fusiform, (a) Paraphyses filiform. 15. Lachnella pygmcea. (Fries.) Cups stipitate, caespitose or single, concave, at length plane, pale orange, tomentose, as is the thickened, branch- LACHXELLA. 243 ing stem ; hymenium bright orange ; asci cylindraceo- clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, 11x25^; paraphyses tiliform. Peziza pygmoea — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 79 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist," 1066, t. 5, f. 18, No. 1160*, t. 4, f. 22 ; " Linn. Trans.," xxv. p. 432, t. 55, figs. 7-13 ; Cooke, " Handbk," 2014. Helotium pyg-mceum — Karst., " Symb. Myco," p. 214; "Myco. Fenn.," p. 153. Lacknea pygmcea — Gill, " Champ," p. 71. Exs.— Rabb, "Fung. Eur," nov. ed. No. 1120. On dead twigs of Ulex, buried in the sand. November. Cups 3 to 6 lines broad. The stem varies in length according to the depth at which the twig is buried. Sporidia uniseriate, linear-oblong, "0005 to *0006 inch long; about a J of an inch high when full grown, stipitate, the stem branching out or dividing into several heads, which form cups. The cups are often proliferous, producing smaller cups on their surface, of a bright apricot colour, but whitish towards the margin (B. and Br.). The tomentum disappears when dry. Name — Pygmcews, dwarfish ; from the size. Joyden's Wood, Dartford (Mr. C. E. Broome). Ascot (Rev. G. Sawyer). Blackdown Hills, near Taunton, and Wimbledon (Mr. C. E. Broome). 16. Lachnella comitessce. (Cooke.) Cups csespitose, or single and gregarious, stipitate, at first clavate, then expanded and cupulate, pale yellow, tomentose ; hymenium bright golden-yellow; common stem branching below ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved, 6 — 7*5 X 2*5/i ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza comitessce — Cooke, " Grevillea," iv. p. 111. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ii. m. 371. On fallen tree. Autumn. Cups i to 1 h lines broad ; stems united at the base, rather stout, expanding upwards into the cup, variable in length : flesh soft. The branching stem resembles that of Peziza pjgmcea, 244 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. to which this species is allied ; the tufts contain from two to four cups, proceeding from a common stem, or sometimes single. It is an elegant species dedicated to the Countess of Kinnoull, on whose estate it was dis- covered (Dr. Cooke, I. a). Name — After the Countess of Kinnoull. Dupplin Castle, Perth (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 17. Lachnella subtilissima. (Cooke.) Cups gregarious or scattered, stipitate, at first globose, then hemispherical, at length expanded, waxy ; externally white, villose ; hymenium orange-yellow ; margin entire ; stem short, variable in size, enlarging upwards into the cup ; asci cylindrical or subclavate ; sporiclia 8, fusiform, uniseriate, 10 — 12 x 2fi. Peziza subtilissima — Cooke in " Grevillea," iii. p. 121, fig. 167. Peziza calycina — Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 24 (in part); Karst., "Pez. et Ascob.," p. 16; "Mon. Pez.," 182. Helotium calycinum — Karst, "Myco. Fenn.," p. 154. Exs.— Fries, "Scl. Suec./' 360; Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 114. On bark of firs. This was long confounded with P. calycina (Schum.), till distinguished by Dr. Cooke (vide I. c). Name — Subtilis, delicate ; very delicate. Scotland (Dr. Greville). Shrewsbury ! 18. Lachnella luzulina. Phil. Cups gregarious or scattered, shortly stipitate, at first turbinate, then hemispherical, at length nearly plane; externally white, pubescent; hymenium pale yellow ; margin entire ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or slightly curved, biseriate, 13 X 3/x; para- physes filiform. Peziza luzulina — Phil, in "Grevillea," iv. p. 121. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit.," 71. On dead Luzula sylvatica, at the base, between the leaves. Winter. LACHNELLA. 4Z15 Name — Luzula, a genus of Juncacece ; growing on Luzida. Conway, North Wales ! 19. Lachnella nivea. (Hedw.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, turbinate, waxy ; externally white, villose-tomentose ; hairs slender, hyaline, septate, obtuse ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong- fusiform, biseriate, 8 — 10 X 2jul; paraphyses filiform. Peziza nivea — Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 90 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 195; Cooke, " Handbk," 2033 (in part). Lachnea nivea — Gill., " Champ.," p. 68, c. i. Octospora nivea — Hedw., t. 8, f. B. Exs. — Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," No. 559, and ed. ii. No. 546. On rotten wood. Autumn. Cups \ to J a line broad. Externally like P. virginea, but distinguished by its filiform asci. Name — Niveus, snowy ; snow-white. Attingham Park, near Shrewsbury ! Forden, Mont- gomeryshire ! (Rev. J. E. Vize). 20. Lachnella aspidiicola. (B. and Br.) White, rather buff when dry ; stem very short ; cups concave, subhemispherical ; externally furfuraceous floc- cose ; asci very short and slender ; sporidia oblong, sub- clavate, 5 — 8 X 1 — 2/u ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza aspidiicola — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist./' No. 771; Berk., "Outl," p. 369; Cooke, "Handbk.," 2058. Mollisi aspidiicola — Gill., " Champ.," p. 129. Exs. — Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 565, and ed. ii. No. 547: Phil., "Elv. Brit," 26; Kunze, "Fung. Sel," 596; Rehm, "Asco," 560; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 1516. On dead stems of Aspidium Filix-mas. November. Very minute, gregarious, white, rather buff when dry; stem extremely short, gradually passing into the subhemispherical cup, which is clothed externally with minute pellucid scales, mixed with a few obscure hyaline 246 BRITISH DISCOMYOETES. flocci; asci very short and slender; sporidia "0002 of an inch long, oblong, subclavate. Resembling in its investing coat P. Berkeleii, but differing in colour, in the distinct stem, more open disc, and in the more minute sporidia. P. aspidii, Libert, is a more minute species, of a purer, more persistent white, and with a more tomentose coat (B. and Br., I. a). Name — Aspidium, an old genus of ferns, colo, to inhabit ; on ferns. Orton, Leicestershire (Rev. A. Rioxam). Shrewsbury ! 21. Lachnella acuum. (A. and S.) Cups gregarious or scattered, stipitate, at first globose, then hemispherical, at length nearly plane; externally white or roseate-white, villose; hymenium clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform, uniseriate, 5 X l'Dfx; paraphyses filiform. Peziza acuwm — A. and S., p. 330; Fries, "Sys. Myco./' ii. p. 95; Nyl, "Pez. Fenn.," p. 27; Berk., "Outl." p. 368; Karst., "Mon. Pez./' 181. Hdotium acuum — Karst., "Myco. Fenri." p. 147; Cojke, "Handbk," 2137; Gill., " Champ.," p. 161. Exs.— Desm., i. 1536, ii. 1036; Karst., "Fung. Fenn,'J 322; Fckl., "F. Rh.," H53; Phil, "Elv. Brit," 163. On decaying pine-leaves, in damp places. Cups about 100 to 200ft broad ; asci 30 /i long, 5/i wide. The paraphyses are not easily seen, being dif- fluent in water. Name — Acus, a needle ; a pine-leaf being so called, on which it grows. Rose Hill, near Shrewsbury! Forrest N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Aberdeen ! (J. W. H. Trail). 22. Lachnella solfatera. (Cooke and Ellis.) Cups scattered, hemispherical, very shortly stipitate, citrine-yellow, tomentose ; hairs short, minutely asperate, granulato-capitate ; asci subclavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform, 8 X 1;< ; paraphyses filiform, slender. LACHNELLA. 247 Peziza solfatera — Cooke and Ellis in * Grevillea," vii. p. 7. Peziza pulverulenta — Lib. Auerswald in herb. On dead pine leaves. Cups I of a line broad. A minute and delicate species, nearly allied to L. pulverulenta (Lib.), of which some may consider it only a variety. The whole plant when fresh is a clear citrine- yellow, of which colour the granules on the delicate, non-septate hairs, and the globose masses at the tips of the hairs, partake. The asci are about 25 fi long, and about 4/x broad. Name — Italian solfo, sulphur, terra, earth ; from the colour. Clifton, near Bristol! (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). Car- lisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). (J3) Paraphyses acerose, 23. Lachnella nuda. Phil. Cups gregarious, plane or convex, stipitate, waxy, flesh-colour, glabrous ; hymenium same colour, undulated ; stem long, flexuose, expanding into the cup ; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-elliptic, hyaline, 5 — 10 X 2 — Sjul; paraphyses acerose, granular within, exceeding the asci. Peziza nuda— Phil., " Scott. Nat.," vi. 124. On the ground amongst moss, in a fir wood. Cups 1 line broad, and 2 lines high. A large and Helotium-like species, having acerose paraphyses, which have never been observed before in a perfectly glabrous species, the presence of which fully justifies placing here. The asci are 500/x long, aud 4/i broad ; the paraphyses are 70/x long. Name — Nudus, naked ; nearly devoid of hairs. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 24. Lachnella luteola. (Curr.) Cups caespitose, cyathiform, ultimately expanded and convex, stipitate, pale straw-colour ; the edge covered with very minute, parallel white hairs, giving a some- 248 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. what ribbed or channelled appearance ; hymenium the same colour ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or slightly curved, colourless, 10 x 2/jl ; para- physes acerose, sometimes septate, exceeding the asci. Helotium hoteolum — Curr. in " Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p 153, t. 25, f. 11, 12, 18 ; Cooke, "Handbk," 2138. On dead stick of gorse, the end of which was sunk in the mud in a pool of water. May. Cup J a line broad, J of a line high. Remarkable in its densely caespitose and branching habit, and the paraphyses are very peculiar. Its aquatic habit is also an unusual character (Currey). Having examined the original specimen, I have no hesitation in placing it here. The presence of hairs and acerose paraphyses forbid it being an Helotium. Name — Liiteus, yellow ; yellowish. Paul's Cray Common ! (Mr. F. Currey). 25. Lachnella virginea. (Batsch.) Cups gregarious, at first globose, then hemispherical, stipitate ; externally white, beset with crowded patent hairs ; hymenium white ; stem short, rather stout ; asci clavate-cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, 5 — 10 X 1 — 2yLt ; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza virginea — Batsch. in Pers., " Obs," i. p. 28 and " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 262 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 90 Mich., t. 86, f. 15; Bull., t. 376, f. 3; Holms., ii. t. 14 Sow., t. 65; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 194; Karst., "Pez. et Ascob.," 15; and " Mon. Pez.," 192; Cooke, "Handbk," 2032. Dasyscypha virginea — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 305. Peziza parvula—" Flo. Dan," t. 1016, f. 4. Lach- num virgineum — Karst, " Myco. Fenn," 169. Lachnea virginea — Gill, " Champ," p. 68, c. i. Exs.— Fckl, 1208; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," 560, and ed. ii. No. 545; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 21; Rehm, " Asco," 14; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2743. On wood, bark, brandies, etc. Cups about \ of a line broad. The acerose paraphyses at once distinguish this from L. nivea. LACHNELLA. 249 Name — Vergineus, virgin-like ; pure white. Forres, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Overley Hill, Salop ! Brynkinalt, Denbighshire ! 26. Lachnella bicolor. (Bull.) Cups gregarious or crespitose, very shortly stipitate, at first globose, then expanded, white, tomeDtose ; hairs long, asperate ; hymenium orange-yellow ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia 8, linear-fusiform, 8 — 10 X 1 — 2/u ; paraphyses acerose. (Plate VIII. fig. 46.) Peziza bicolor — Bull., " Champ.," t. 410, f. 3 ; Sow., t. 17; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. 92; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 195; Karat., " Pez. et Ascob," p. 16 ; and " Mon. Pez.," 194 ; " Flo. Dan.," t. 779, f. 2. Peziza calycina — Nyl., "Pez. Fenn.," 24 (in part). Dasyscypha bicolor — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," 305 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2035. Lachnum bicolor — Karst., " Myco. Fenu.," p. 172. Lachnea bicolor — Gill., " Champ.," p. 70, c. i. Exs.— Berk., 155; Fckl., 1205; Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1057; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 3; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 568, ed. ii. 363 ; Sommf., 99 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 23 ; Rehm, " Asco. " 302 ; Roumg., " Fung. Gal.," 830. On dead branches of oak. Cups \ to i a line broad ; stem short or nearly absent ; asci 60/jl long, 6/x broad ; hairs long, nexuose, rough. Name — Bis, double, color, colour. Pulborough (Mr. C. H. Spencer Perceval). Ringstead (Mr. C. B. Plo wright). Leigh Woods, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Scarborough ! (Mr. Massee). Shifnal, Salop ! 27. Lachnella echinulata. (Awd.) Cups minute, epiphyllous or hypophyllous, gregarious, at first globose, at length flattened and very shortly stipitate, white ; externally villous ; the hairs, each of which bears a globose, echinulate head at the apex, forming a very beautiful radiate margin to the disc, which, when damp, is obscurely marked with a small eye- like spot in the middle ; mature asci clavate, shortly 250 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. stipitate, 8-spored, nearly 60/x long, 6/m broad ; sporidia in two rows, fusiform, acute at each end, straight or curved, or sigmoid. Peziza echinulata — Awd., "Hedwig." 1868, p. 136. Peziza patula — Pabh., " Fung. Eur.," 1009, nee 425, quse vera. P. patula — P. sec et Desm., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 2, xv. p. 132. P. ciliaris, (3. globulifera — P. sec. Desm., 1. 1. p. 130. Name — Echinatus, set with prickles ; from the angular knobs of oxalate of lime on the hairs. 28. Lachnella Bhytismce. Phil. Cups gregarious, stipitate, at first globose, then hemi- spherical, white ; clothed with short villose hairs, bearing on their summits globular crystalline beads ; hymenium white ; stem rather long, villose to the base ; asci cylin- drical or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, 3 — 5 x 1/u ; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza Bhytismce — Phil, in " Grevillea," viii. p. 101 j " Scott. Nat.," vi. 124. On dead leaves of Acer on Rhytisma acerinum. Cups SOO/ul broad ; stem about 400/t long. The hairs of the cup are short, non-septate, colourless, and the globular crystalline heads are perfectly even, not angular, as in most other species, though slightly rough. Name — Rhytisma, the genus of fungi on which it grows. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 29. Lachnella crucifera. Phil. Cups gregarious, stipitate, white, at first globose, then expanded ; clothed with short, septate, colourless hairs, the summits of which are subclavate, and each crowned with a cruciform crystal ; stem rather long, villose to the base ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical or narrowly fusiform, straight, 6 — 8 x 1/^ ; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza crucifera — Phil, in Gavel. Chron., 1878, p. 397, fig. 71. LACHNELLA. 251 On dead twigs of Myrica gale. Spring and autumn. Cups about 300/x broad, and about 500/z high. This differs from L. echinulata (Awd.) in having a longer stipes, being persistently white when dry, and having what appear to be cruciform bodies on the sum- mits of the hairs. These bodies prove to be crystals of oxalate of lime (octahedra). Name — Crux, cross, fero, to bear ; from the hairs appearing to have crosses at their summits. Capel Curig, North Wales ! North Wootton, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Oockshutt, Salop ! 30. Lachnella patula. (Pers.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, at first globose, then hemispherical, white, villose ; the hairs long, slender, colourless, non-septate, acute, spreading ; hymenium lutescent ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-elliptic, 8 — 12 x 1'5/z; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza patula — Pers., " Obs ," i. p. 42 ; " Syn. Fung.,' p. 654; "Myco. Eur.," p. 262; A. and S., p. 324; Nees, " Sys.," f. 284 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. 91. Hyalopeziza patula — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 298. Lachnea patula —Gill., " Champ.," p. 72. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh," 1189; Rehm, "Asco.," 258 and 259 ; Libert, " Crypt. Ard.," 225. On oak -leaves decaying in damp places. Cups SOO/ul to 500/u broad ; stem very short, hairs much spreading, flexuose, and somewhat entangled. The hairs are longer and slenderer than in L. ciliaris. This is an exceedingly minute species. Name — Patulus, spreading ; from the long, spreading hairs. Wellington, Salop ! 31. Lachnella ciliaris. (Schum.) Cups minute, stipitate, at first globose, then cyathi- form, waxy, snow-white, externally beset with long, somewhat spreading, scattered, septate, white hairs ; 252 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. hymenium white ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved, hyaline, obliquely uniseriate, 18 X 1\x ; paraphyses acerose, slightly exceeding the asci. Peziza ciliaris — Schrad., " Bot. Jour.," 1799, ii. p. 2 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 89 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2031. Hyalopeziza ciliaris — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 298. Lachnea ciliaris — Gill., " Champ.," p. 68, c. i. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1189; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 573 ; ed. ii. 373. On dead oak-leaves. Autumn. Cups about 300^ broad. Very similar to L. patula. Name — Cilium, the eyelash ; from the fringed margin. Near Shrewsbury ! 32. Lachnella acutipila. (Karst.) Cups gregarious or scattered, stipitate, at first globose, at length somewhat plane or a little convex, when dry concave ; margin piloso-fimbriate ; stem very short ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, slenderly fusiform, com- monly straight, with many guttulae, 8 — 16 X 1 — 1'5/j. ; paraphyses acerose. Peziza acutipila — Karst., " Mon. Pez.," p. 195. Lachnum acutipilum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 173. On Pyvagmites communis. April to October. Cups about 800/x broad; hairs of the cup septate, cuspidate, 4/* thick; disc sometimes lutescent. Re- sembling the preceding. Yar. Icetior. (Karst., I. c, p. 174.) Cups sessile or subsessile, a little larger, in a dry state contracted and difformed ; disc dilutely yellow, when dry yellow ; sporidia somewhat larger. The hairs in my .specimens are rough, with a few amorphous crystals of oxalate of lime at the summit. On dead stems of Rubus idceus. Summer and autumn. Name Acutus, sharp, pilus, hair ; from the acute hairs with which it is clothed. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Church Stretton, Salop : LACHNELLA. 253 ((?) Sporidia elongate-fusiform or filiform. (a) Paraphyses acerose. 33. Lachnella diminuta. (Rob.) Cups scattered or crowded, shortly stipitate, at first globose, then expanded and hemispherical, whitish, tomentose ; hymenium concave, yellowish or orange ; asci clavate-cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 12 X 2/i ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza diminuta — Rob. in Desm. " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1847, viii. p. 185; " Grevillea," iii. p. 184, t. 41, f. 183. Lachnea diminuta — Gill., " Champ.," p. 71. Exs. — Desm., 1538 (in part); Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 287. On dry culms of Juncus. Cups about 500/u broad ; stem very short ; hairs of the exterior lono; and slender. In Desmaziere's published specimens L. apala (B. and Br.) appears in some copies, and this species in others, but the sporidia are so different that no mistake can be made between them when examined. Name — Diminutus, diminished ; from its small size. Dr. M. C. Cooke, without locality. 34. Lachnella apala. (B. and Br.) Cups scattered or crowded, stipitate or sessile, at first, with the stem, obconical, then expanded, at length plane, furfuraceo-villose, fawn-coloured ; hymenium plane, darker ; asci clavate-cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fu so-filiform, straight, 15 — 30 X 3/x ; paraphyses acerose, filled with granules, exceeding the asci. Peziza apala — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 561 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2060. Exs.— Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," No. 25 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. No. 374; Phil., « Elv. Brit.," 27; Winter "Fungi Eur.," 2517. On dead rushes. Spring and summer. Cups about 500/1 broad. Hairs rather stout, asperate, non-septate, colourless, 254 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. obtuse ; the paraphyses are broad, and sometimes septate, filled with granular protoplasm. Name — airaXog, soft, tender. Batheaston, near Bath (Mr. C. E. Broome). Mangots- field, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Grantown, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Haughmond Hill, Salop ! Bomere, Salop ! 35. Lachnella filicea. (Cooke and Phil.) Cups gregarious, stipitate, at first globose, then hemi- spherical, white, tomentose ; hairs short, septate, colour- less ; hymenium white ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, acute at the ends, 3-nucleate or pseudo- septate, biseriate, 15 — 20 x 2 — 3/i ; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci. Peziza filicea — Cooke and Phil, in Herb. Kew. On fern-leaves. Caps 100 to 200/i broad ; stem short, equalling the height of cup. The hairs of the cup are often obtuse, or pyriform, at the apices, with clusters of amorphous crystals of oxalate of lime, and deciduous. The asci are very large for such a small species. Name — Filices, the fern tribe ; growing on ferns. Duneden, N.B. ! in Herb. Kew ; Chedder ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). C. POSITION DOUBTFUL. 36. Lachnella erythrostigma. (B. and Br.) Minute, stipitate, punctiform, pale red ; hymenium at length convex ; asci clavate ; sporidia uniseriate, elliptic or subglobose. Peziza erythrostigma — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," 1168, t. 4, f. 31 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2118. Parasitic on Sphceria phaiostroma. The stem is mostly curved, distinctly cellular ; asci clavate ; sporidia minute, subglobose. Very minute, but a pretty object under the microscope (B. and Br.). " Minutely woolly with delicate hairs " (Cooke in litt.). Batheaston (?) (Mr. C. E. Broome). LACHNELI A. 255 Section II. — Sessile. Subgenus III. — Lachnella. Fries (in part). Cups sessile, pilose or villose, for the most part firm and dry, at first closed and globose, then more or less expanded and hemispherical. (Plate VIII. figs. 47, 48.) Name — Xaxvn, down. Arrangement of the Species. a. Hairs of cup coloured. (a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong. (a) Paraphyses filiform or absent . . species 37, 33 (7>) Sporidia fusiform or clavate. (a) Paraphyses filiform or absent „ 39-49 (/3) Paraphyses acerose . . . . „ 50-52 b. Hairs of cup hyaline. (a) Sporidia elliptic, oblong, or subeymbiform. (a) Paraphyses filiform or absent. (i.) Cups coloured . . . . .. 53-54 (ii.) Cups white or greyish-white „ 55-59 (b) Sporidia fusiform or clavate. (a) Paraphyses filiform or clavate. (i.) Cups coloured . . . . „ 60-62 (ii.) Cups white or greyish-whife „ 63-66 (/3) Paraphyses acerose. (i.) Cups coloured . . . . ,, 67 (c) Sporidia cylindrical . . . . ,. 68 C. Position doubtful . . . . . . . . „ 69-71 Key to the Species. a. hairs of the cup coloured. Hymenium brownish-olive ; hairs long Hymenium purplish-brown ; hairs very short Hymenium pale rufous Hymenium brown Hymenium yellow Hymenium cinereous Hymenium white or pallid . . (Growing on herbaceous stems \Growing on wood or bark Hymenium pale spadicious ; densely tomentose . . Hymenium rufous, exterior 2. •{ tomentose 1. exterior spadicious, refescent, floccoso- Hymenium smoky-brown; exterior brown; sporidia becoming 1-septate . . ^Hymenium brown ; exterior furfuraceo-tomentose. . prasina. Schumacheri, Stochii. 1 4 esoharorfes. 5 2 3 epadicea. corticalis. canescevs. grisella. 256 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. i. [Growing on heibaceous stems; externally clothed with strigose hairs [Growing on fern-stems; exterior olive-brown Growing on rotten wood, citron-colonr Growing on leaves; exterior fulvo-rufous . . Growing on herbaceous stems ; exterior yellow 01 whitish Growing on dead wood or bark I Externally white ; margin granulated Externally ferruginous; disc pallid. . Externally nearly straw-colour B. HAIRS OF CUP HYALINE. Hymenium watery-umber Hymenium black Hymenium pale red Hymenium tawny Hymenium flesh-colour ; externally white or brick- x t/LL •• •• •• •• •• •■ •• Hymenium white or very pale yellow : on Humulm Hymenium yellowish; externally white: on Spliseria Hymenium white Growing on Rufous Growing on wood 1. -^ Growing on leaves | Growing on rushes (Growing inside husks of chestnut . . I Exterior white ; margin ciliated ; hairs long Exterior wThite ; hairs short and inconspicuous Exterior whitish or yellowish, rough with papillae o ("Marginal hairs twisted spirally ' (Marginal hairs spreading (Exterior greyish-white : on leaves of Rubus I Exterior white, when dry yellowish : on leaves of 4. A Betulus [Exterior white, nearly naked: on leaves of Epil { biam nidulus. Pteridis. citricolur. dumorum. sulphurea. 6 papillaris. barbata. variculor. dematiicol < ' . melazantha . micacea. Berkeleii. albo-testara. Tami. episphxriti. 1 candidata. 2 4 fugiens. aranea. 3 hyalina. scrupulo.jui; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza mutabilis — B. and Br., n Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 564 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2072. On leaves of Air a ccespitosa. TAPESIA. 279 " When old it bears some resemblance to pale forms of P. atrata and P. palustris " (M. J. B.). Cups 200 to 300/x broad, seated on a dark radiating tapesium. No hairs are discoverable on the cups in the original specimens. Name — Mutabilis, variable. Deny Hill, Wilts ! 4. Tapesia Rosce. (Pers.) Sessile, subcoriaceous, concave, subtomentose, bright brown, as well as the tomentose subiculum ; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, 7 — 10 X 2oju ; paraphyses indistinct. Peziza Rosce— Pers., " Obs.," 2, p. 82 ; " Myco. Eur.," p. 278; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 109; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 200 ; Tode, i. f. 41 ; Berk., " Mag. Zool. and Bot.," No. 10; Karst., "Pez. et Ascob.," p. 25; Nyl., " Pez. Fenm," p. 34 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2073. Tympanis obtexta (Wallr.), var. pezizceformis — Wallr., " Flo. Germ./' ii. p. 428. Tapesia Rosce— Fckl, " Symb. Myco./' p. 301. Mollisea Rosce — Karst., " Myco. Fenn," p. 208. Lachnea Rosce— Gill., " Champ./' p. 92. Exs. — Kabh, "Fung. Eur.," nov. ed.,359 ; Karst., "Fung. Fenn," 276; Fckl, " F. Ph.," 1874; Berk., exs. No. 157; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," 477 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 30. On dead branches of Rosa canina. Autumn. Cups J- a line broad ; subiculum tomentose, broadly effused, indeterminate ; cups scattered or aggregated, at first urceolate ; margin inilexed, then greatly expanded, when dry corrugated and deformed. Name — Rosa, the genus to which the wild rose belongs. Appin (Capt. Carmichael). King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Clungunford, Salop ! Var. Prunicola. Fckl. Cups twice the size of those in T. Rosce, very black, and the hairs more brown-black ; asci oblong, stipitate ; 280 BEIT1SH DISCOMYCETES. sporidia uniseriate, cylindrical, obtuse at the ends, straight, hyaline, 10 X 2/i ; paraphyses filiform, not clavate. Tapesia Prunicola — Fckl, " Svmb. Myco.," p. 302. Exs.— Fckl, " F. Rh„" 1190 ; Phil, " El v. Brit," 306. On branches of Primus spinosa. Name — Prunus, the genus to which the sloe belongs ; growing on sloe. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). ()3) Sporidia septate. 5. Tapesia rhab&osperma. (B. and Br.) Subiculum thin, tomentose, pale, tawny ; cups scat- tered, of the same colour ; externally paler, villose ; margin inflexed ; hymeniurn brighter ; asci lanceolate, obtuse ; sporidia 8, filiform, multiguttulate, 65 X S/u ; paraphyses slenderly filiform, sometimes branched. Peziza rhabdosperma — B. and Br, " Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1621 ; "Grevillea," v. p. 61. On dead wood. November. Cups about 500/z broad. This is so near Arachnopeziza aurata — Fckl. ("Symb. Myco," p. 304) that I am disposed to think it at most a variety, differing in its paler colour. The sporidia cor- respond exactly. Name — pafidog, a rod, airipix, seed ; from the form of the sporidia. Leigh Downs ! (C. E. Broome). 6. Tapesia aurelia. (Pers.) Sessile, scattered, subventricose, golden-yellow ; subi- culum thin, whitish ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, triseptate, 14 — 20 x 3 — Op ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. (Plate VIII. fig. 50.) Peziza aurelia — Pers, " Myco. Eur," p. 270 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 107; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 199; NyL, " Pez. Fenn," p. 50 ; Cooke, " Hanclbk," No. 2065. Peziza Wauckii — Grev, t. 139 ; Pat, p. 126, f. 285. Arachno- peziza aurelia — Fckl, Ci Symb. Myco," p. 303. Patellaria TAPESIA. 281 Medlar— Curr., "Linn. Trans," xxiv. 491, t. 51, £15, 1G; Cooke, "Handbk," 2175. Lachnea awrelia, Gill, •; Champ," p. 91, c. i. (excl. sporidia). Exs. — Mong. and Nest, No. 783 ; Rav, v. No. 41 ; Lib, "Crypt. Aid," No. 127; Fckl, " F. Rh„" 1191; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," 563 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 29 ; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 448. On the ground beneath decaying oak-leaves, mast, etc. Spring. Cups 1 to 2 lines broad, woolly ; subiculum radiating. A most beautiful species (Berk, in " Eng. Flo."). The ends of the sporidia are often furnished with a short cilium. Name — Aureus, golden. Foxhall, near Edinburgh (Capt. Wauch). Near Ludlow ! Minsterley, Salop ! Whitfield, near Hereford ! B. CUPS EXTERNALLY NAKED. (a) Sporidia fusiform or oblong. (a) Sporidia simple. 7. Tapesia sanguinea. (Pers.) Cups sessile, concave, smooth, becoming blackish ; base surrounded by a short blood-red tomentum ; asci clavate, obtuse; sporidia 8, ovoid-oblong or oblong-ellipsoide, simple, hyaline, 6 — 10 X 2 — 3/tt ; paraphyses filiform, thickened at the apex, fuscescent. Peziza sanguinea — Pers, " Tent. Disp. Meth," p. 34 ; and "Myco. Eur," p. 273; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 110; Nees, f. 271 ; Berk, " Mag. Zool. and Bot," No. 11 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2076; Nyl, "Pez.Fenn," p. 51. Tapesia sanguinea — Fckl, " Symb. Myco," p. 303 ; Pat, p. 37, f. 91. Patellaria sanguinea — Karst, "Myco. Fenn," p. 232. Phialea sanguinea — Gill, "Champ," p. 112. Exs.— Rabh, " Herb. Myco," ed. ii. 642 ; and " Fung. Eur," nov. ed, 226; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 148; Fckl, " F. Rh," 1187. On wood, fir, etc. November. Cups 200 to 400/x broad (Nyl.); sporidia 8 X Su. (Fckl.). 282 BKITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Sanguis, blood ; blood- colour. Beeston, Nottinghamshire. Shifnal, Salop. (/3) Sporidia septate. 8. Tapesia fusca. (Pers.) Subiculum formed of densely woven, brown filaments, at times widely diffused, at other times hardly visible ; cups scattered or gregarious, concave, brown, then plane, cinereous, mouth often paler ; hymenium pallid- white, cinereous, or brownish ; externally glabrous ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform, simple or 2-guttu- late, becoming pseudo-septate, 8 — 16 X 2 — 3^. Peziza fuscor—PeTS., "Obs.," i. p. 29; " Syn. Fung.," p. 657; " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 272 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 109 ; Grev., t. 192; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 200 (in part); Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2074 ; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 50 ; Karst, " Pez. et Ascob.," p. 26. Tapesia fusca — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 302. Mollisia fusca — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 207. Phialea fusca— Gill., " Champ.," p. 113. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1593; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 77 , Rhem, "Asco.," 153; Cooke, "Fung. Brit./' ed. ii. 556. On wood. Spring and autumn. Cups about J- a line wide. Name — Fuscus, brown, with a grey tinge. Near Shrewsbury ! Hereford ! Very common. 9. Tapesia Johnstoni. (Berk.) Sessile ; cups globose or subturbinate, at length open and rufous, with a satiny lustre, attached beneath to a broad, black-brown, grumous subiculum. Peziza Johnstoni — Berk., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 313. On fallen branches. " Forming a uniform stratum on decayed sticks. Cups half a line broad, at first brown and pulverulent, at length rufous, rather thin, with a satiny lustre, subturbinate, with the margin permanently inflected, at first cpiite closed; subiculum granulated, grumous, obscurely floccose" (M. J. B.). DESMAZIERELLA. 283 I have examined the original specimen, but can find no fruit. In general appearance it greatly resembles 1 \ Rosce. Name — After Dr. Johnstone. Berwick ! N .13. Genus XL — Desmazierella. Libert (amended). Receptacle orbicular ; hymenium disc-shaped, distinct, hairy with the rigid, bristle-like paraphyses ; asci cylin- drical ; sporidia hyaline, elliptic. Epiphytal. (Plate VI II. fig. 51.) Only one species known. Name — After J. B. H. J. Desmazieres. 1. Desmazierella acicola. Lib. Cups scattered, sessile, turbinate, then plane ; exter- nally black, and clothed with a black byssoid tomentum ; margin ciliated with long, bristle-like hairs ; hymenium dark brown, pilose with the projecting paraphyses ; flesh pale cinereous ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 2-guttulate, loxSju; paraphyses adherent in bundles, separated at the summits, which are black and pointed, exceeding the asci. Desmazierella acicola — Lib., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1829, p. 82, with figure ; " Grevillea," iii. p. 126, t. 42, f. 3. Exs.— Lib., " Crypt. Ard.," 24 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 45 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2211 ; Rehm, " Asco," 705. On dead leaves of Finns sylvestris. ■ Cups about 2J lines broad. This appears at first as a minute, hairy Chetomium-like body, nearly black, after- wards expanding into a sublentiform disc. The brown hairs of the hymenium, being prolongations of the para- physes, give this plant a striking character. Name — Acus, a needle, colo, to inhabit ; on pine- needles. Wrekin, and Acton Burnell, Salop ! Trefriw, North Wales ! Aberdeen ! (J. W. H. Trail). 284 BRITISH DISCOMYCETEb. Genus XII. — Pirott^ea. Saccardo. Cup superficial, or between erumpent and superficial, sessile, scutellate, nearly carbonaceous, black, clothed with short rigid bristles ; asci 8-spored ; sporidia oblong, continuous, hyaline. (Plate VIII. fig. 52.) The habit of Pyrenopezizce, but setulose (Sacc. in " Mich.," i. p. 424. Name — After R. Pirotta. Only one British species. Pirottcea vectis. (B. and Br.) Cups scattered, sessile, subglobose, then hemispherical ; externally dark brown or nearly black, clothed with short, rigid, brown, bristle-like hairs ; hymenium concave, pallid-cinereous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform, curved, or vermiform, 1 to 3-septate, 25 X 4/x j paraphyses slenderly filiform. (Plate VIII. fig. 52.) ' Peziza vectis — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 957 Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2063. On dead stems of Centaurea nigra. Cups SOOfx broad. The short, rigid, nearly black hairs are chiefly on the margin, and are intermixed with brown polygonal granules. Name — Vectis, the name of the Isle of Wight. Ryde ! (Rev. A. Bloxam). Order III.— ASC0B0LE.E. Boud. Receptacle sessile, plane or convex, fleshy or sub- gelatinous ; asci broad, never cylindrical, easily emergent, rendering the disc papillate by their prominent summits. (Plate IX. figs. 53-58.) Named from the typical genus. For the most part growing on old dung of animals in shady places ; sometimes on earth or decaying vegetable matter. BOUDIERA. 285 The soft, fleshy, subgelatinous texture ; the papillate hymenium, arising from the protruding asci, which are always broadly clavate ; and the growth of nearly all species on the dung of animals, are ready characters by which to distinguish the plants of this order from Pezizce. They rarely exceed 2 lines in breadth, the majority being much less. Arrangement of the Genera. A. Sporidia having a coloured epispore. I. Boudiera. II. Ascobolus. III. Saccobolus. B. Sporidia hyaline. IV. Thecotheus. V. Ryparobius. VI. Ascophanus. Key to the Genera. A. Sporidia coloured, usually purple. Sporidia globose . . . . . . . . . . Boudiera. Sporidia elliptic. Sporidia free in ascus . . . . . . Ascobolus. Sporidia inclosed in a common membrane within the ascus . . . . . . . . Saccobolus. B. Sporidia hyaline. Sporidia not more than 8 in ascus (except sexdecimsporus) . . . . . . . . Ascophanus. Sporidia more than 8 in ascus. Asci very large, much exserted . . . . Thecotheus. Asci small, but broad . . . . . . Ryparobius. Section A. — Sporidia coloured. Genus I. — Boudiera. Cooke in " Grevillea," vi. p. 76. Immarginate, obicular, discoid, plane or convex, fleshy ; hymenium papillate ; asci clavate or clavate- cylindrical, ejected; sporidia globose; paraphyses dis- tinct. (Plate IX. fig. 53.) Name — After E. Boudier. Boudiera areolata. Cooke and Phil. Cups dark brown, orbicular, convex ; asci clavate cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, deeply areolate, hyaline, brownish, 30/x ; paraphyses stout, septate, clavate, and brown at the apice- (Plate IX. fig. 53.) 286 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Baud leva areolata — Cooke and Phil., " Grevillea," vi. p. 76. On moist ground on the margin of a lake. May. Receptacles about 1 to 1J line broad. Name — Areolce, little beds in a , garden ; from the depressions on the sporidia. Llyn Gwernon, North Wales ! Genus II. — Ascobolus. Pers. Sessile, disc plane or convex, papillate from the pro- jecting asci; sporidia 8, elliptic, coloured, free in the ascus. (Plate IX. fig. 54.) Name — chjkoq, leather bag, wine-skin, and fioXog, a projection; from the projecting asci. Distinguished from Boudiera by the elliptic sporidia, and from Saccobolus by the sporidia being free in the ascus, i.e. not inclosed in a common membrane. Arrangement of the Species. a. Exterior of the cup smooth . . . . species 1-4 b. Exterior of cup furfuraceous or granulated „ 5-9 C. Exterior of cup pilose . . . . . . „ 10, 11 Key to the Species. Exterior smooth . . . . . . . . 1 Exterior rough . . . . . . . . . . 2 Exterior pilose, pale ochre . . . . . . . . brunneus. Exterior clothed with hyaline hairs, yellowish- green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . immersus. (Turbinate ; exterior yellowish-green . . . . denudatus. j Subcylindrical ; exterior yellowish-green, shining. . serugineus. 1. ^Flattish ; exterior dull purple ; margin laciniate . . vinosus. j Oblong-globose, then pyriform; exterior white, I. orange, or vinous-brown . . . . . . . . glaber. Globose or hemispherical; exterior pale yellowish- green : on pigeon -dung . . . . * . . . . viridulus. Flattish ; exterior umber-brown : on charcoal . . atro-fuscus. Globose to hemispherical ; exterior greenish-yellow : 2. \ on cow-dung furfuraceus. Flattened ; exterior dark, dingy, yellowish-green : on clay ground viridis. Globose, then flattened; exterior greenish-yellow: on grouse-dung crenulutus. ASCOBOLUS. 287 A. EXTERIOR SMOOTH. 1. Ascobolus denudatus. Fries. Gregarious, yellowish -green, smooth, turbinate, sub- stipitate ; hymenium plane ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8. elliptic, violet, at length brown ; epispore reticulated, 17 X 8/m ; paraphyses rather stout, clavate, forked, or with irregular processes at the summits. Ascobolus denudatus — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 162 ; Cooke, "Jour. Bot." (1864), f. 2; Crouan, "Flo. Fin.," p. 57; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2196; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1083, t. 16, f. 24; Boud., "Ascob.," p. 26, t. 5, f. 3 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 287 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 139. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1849. On old fir-poles ; on the ground, attached to decayed leaves, etc. Autumn. Cups about 1 line broad. Name — Denudatus, made naked. Marlborough Forest ; Stopham, Sussex ! (Mr. C. H. Spencer Perceval). Norton Camp, Craven Arms, Salop ! Ercall Hill, Salop ! Leigh Downs, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 2. Ascobolus cerugineus. Fries. Sessile, gregarious, at first globose or subcylindrical, smooth, somewhat shining, translucent, from yellowish- green approaching olive when old, but not purple ; hymenium plane, marginate, becoming nigro-punctate ; asci narrowly clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, violet or purplish-violet, at length brown, rugose, rugae anasto- mosing, sometimes smooth, 15 — 17 X 8/m; paraphyses filiform, septate, hyaline, involved in sulphur-green gelatine. Ascobolus cerugineus — Fries, " Obs.," ii. p. 310 ; " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 165; Cooke, "Jour. Bot.," 1864; Boud., "Ascob.," p. 32, t. 7, f. 12 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 146. Asco- bolus marginatus — Schum., " Ssel.," ii. p. 437. On horse-dung. August. 288 BRITISH D1SC0MYCETES. Cups about £ to J a line broad ; flesh olive ; disc becomes black when dry. Name — jErugo, verdigris ; from the colour. 3. Ascobolus vinosus. Berk. Sessile, at first globose, then depressed, smooth, dull purple ; margin laciniate ; hymeniuru plane or convex, livid-purple ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, rugose, rugae anastomosing, at first colourless, then purple, at length brown, 23 X 13/*; paraphyses filiform, septate, scarcely coloured, enveloped in livid gelatine. Ascobolus vinosus — Berk., "Eng. Flo./' v. p. 209; "Outl.," p. 374; Cooke, "Jour. Bot.," 1864; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1083,* t. 16, f. 25 ; Boud., " Ascob.," p. 31, t. 6, f. xi. ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2201 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 145. Exs.— Berk., No. 159; FckL, " F. Bh," 1852; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," No. 95. On rabbit-dung in woods. Autumn. Cups about J to 1 line broad. The pseudo-parenchyma consists of dark purple-brown cells. Name — Vinum, wine ; colour of wine. Common and generally distributed. Haughmond Hill, and Attingham, near Shrewsbury ! Ercall Hill, Salop ! 4. Ascobolus glaber. Pers. Sessile, minute, crowded, rarely scattered, glabrous, shining, subgelatinous, oblong-globose, then pyriform ; base immersed, appearing hemispherical, plane or convex, varying in colour from white or orange to vinous- brown ; asci broadly cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, clear violet, rugose, rugre anastomosing, 25 X 13//; paraphyses filiform. Ascobolus glaber — Pers., "Obs.," i. p. 34, t. 4, f. 7; " Syn. Fung.," p. 667 ; " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 340 ; Bivona, " Man.," iv. p. 27, t. vi. f. 4 ; A. and S., p. 348 : Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 164; Cheval., "Flo. Par.," i. p. 383; Merat., " Flo. Par.," i. p. 254 ; Berk., " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 209 ; " Outl.," ASCOBOLUS 2^9 p. 374 ; Cooke, " Jour. Bot," 1864, f. 4 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," 1085*, t. 16, f. 27; Crouan, "Flo. Finn.," p. 57; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 83; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 78; Boud., "Ascob.," p. 33, t. 7, f. 13-15; Fckl, "Symb. Myco.," p. 287; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2203; Gill., "Champ.," p. 145. Ascobolus albidus — Crouan, "Ann. Sc. Nat." (1858), t. 13, f. 1-6; " Flo. Fin.," p. 57. Exs. — Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 542. On cow-dung, horse-dung, and rabbit-dung. Autumn. Cups about J to J a line broad ; they are decidedly pyriform when removed from the matrix. The convex disc is covered with black papillse, which are the summits of the asci, containing the dark sporidia. Monsieur Boudier has three forms, distinguished by their colour — 1. Altogether white or whitish (Asc. albidus — Crouan, I. c). 2. Pale fulvous ; dise darker (Asc. glaber — Pers.). 3. Fulvous ; disc purple-brown. Name — Glaber, smooth. Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Batheaston (Mr. C. E. Broome). Shelly Oak, near Birmingham ! (Mr. W. B. Grove). Ford, near Shrewsbury ! B. EXTERIOR FURFURACEOUS OR GRANULATED. 5. Ascobolus viridis. Curr. Sessile, plane or very slightly concave, of a dark, dinoy, yellowish-green colour ; externally very fur- furaceous, almost tomentose ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, acuminate, rugose-striate, amethyst-purple, 32 X 13/x ; paraphyses rather stout, generally clavate or subfusiform at the summits, enveloped in a pale greenish mucus. (Plate IX. fig. 54.) Ascobolus viridis — Curr. in " Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p. 154,1863; Cooke, "Jour. Bot.," 1864; Boud., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1869, vol. x. t. 5, f. 4 ; B. and Br., ".Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1081; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2197; Gill., " Champ.," p. 140. U 290 BPJTISH DISCOMYCETES. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit./' 196. On damp clay ground in woods. Autumn- Cups 2 to 3 lines broad. Name — Viridis, green. Hanham, near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Leigh Woods, Clifton (Mr. C. E. Broome). Poynton Springs, Salop ! 6. Ascobolus furfuraceus. Pers. Sessile, globose, then expanded ; externally greenish- yellow, furfuraceous ; hymenium slightly concave, then plane, at length convex, same colour, when old growing blackish-brown ; margin furfuraceous, denticulate, or submembranaceous, friable ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, epispore rugose-striate, rugae anastomosing, purple, growing brown, 20 — 22 X 10/x ; paraphyses fili- form, septate, enveloped in sulphur-yellow gelatine. Ascobolus furfuraceus — Pers., " Tent. Dkp. Meth," p. 25 ; " Obs," i. p. 33, t. 4, f. 3-6 ; " Syn. Fung," p. 676; "Myco. Eur," i. p. 340; A. and S, p. 348; Schum, "Saell," ii. p. 436; Eebent, p. 388; Bernhard, " Manip," iv. t. 9, f. 5 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 163 ; Grev, " Sc. Crypt. Flo," vi. p. 307 ; Cheval, " Flo. En. Par./'i. p. 303; Merat, " Flo. En. Par," i. 254; Kromb, t. v. f. 45, 48 ; Schw., " Syn," p. 178 ; Wallr, " Crvpt, Flo,"f. 515; Coemans, " Not. Ascob. Belg," 1862, p. 13; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 209 ; Berk, " Outl," p. 374 ; De Not, " Disc," p. 6 ; Curr, " Linn. Trans," xxiv, t. xxv, f. 9 ; Cooke, "Jour. Bot," May, 1864, f. 1; Kickx, "Flo. Crypt, Flan," i. p. 479; Crouan, "Flo. Finn," p. 57; Nyl, " Pez. Fenn," p. 82 ; Karst, " Myco. Fenn," p. 76 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2200 ; Fckl, " Symb. Myco," p. 286 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 144, c. i. Peziza stercoraria —Bull, t. 376, 538, f. 4 ; Sow, t. 18, 389, f. 3-6. P. fusca — Bolt, t. 109, f. 2. Exs.— Rav, exs. vi. No. 81; Fckl, " F. Bh," No. 1132; Desm, "Crypt. Fr," ed. i. No. 1315, ed. ii. No. 715; Karst, "Fung. Fenn," 170; Phil, "Elv. Brit," 46; ASCOBOLUS. 29 1 Cooke, "Fung. Brit./' ii. No. 189; Rehm, " Asco.," No. 1; Rav., "Fung. Am.," 312, 632. On old cow-dung. Spring and autumn. Cups from J to | of a line broad. When young and moist the cups are pale yellowish green ; when old the disc is black, and the prominent margin dirty-white and granulose. Name — Furfur, bran ; branny or scurfy Universally distributed. 7. Ascobolus viridulus. Phil, and Plow. Scattered, sessile, hemispherical, concave, then ex- panded, submarginate, thick, pale yellowish-green, coarsely granulated ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, violet, becoming brown, rugose-striate, 13 X 6/x ; para- physes rather stout, distinctly septate, clavate at the apices, enveloped in a pale green mucus. Ascobolus viridulus — Phil, and Plow, in " Grevillea," viii. p. 103. On rejectamenta of birds (pigeons ?). Spring. Cups J to f of a line broad. This has much the out- ward character of A. furfuraceus in a young state, but the sporidia are very much smaller. Name — Viridis, green ; slightly green. Haughmond Hill, near Shrewsbury ! 8. Ascobolus atro-fuscus. Phil, and Plow. Sessile, crowded or scattered, blackish-brown, con- cave, then plane; margin crenulate ; externally fur- furaceous ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, obtuse, hyaline, then purple, at length brown, epispore granulated or verrucose, 22 x 13^u ; paraphyses linear, occasionally branched. Ascobolus atro-fuscus — Phil, and Plow, in "Grevillea," ii. p. 186, t. 24, i*. 1. Asc. viridis — Boud., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1869, vol. x. t. 5, f. 4 ; Gill., "Champ.," p. 140. Asc. carbonicola — Boud., "Soc. Bot. de Fr.," October, 1877. Exs.— Phil., " Elv. Brit.," No. 47. On a charcoal bed. July. 292 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Cups 1 to 3 lines broad. The verrucose epispore distinguishes this from its congeners. Name — Ater, black, fuscus, brown. Wrekin, Shropshire ! 9. Ascobolus crenulatus. Karst. Gregarious, sessile, at first globose, then flattened, nearly plane, greenish-yellow, furfuraceous ; margin crenulate ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, striate, vio- late, becoming brownish, 12 — 16 X 6 — 8ju ; paraphyses slender. Ascobolus crenulatus — Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," exs. 763; "Pez. et Ascob./' p. 202; " Myco. Fenn.," p. 77; " Grevillea," iv. p. 112. Exs.— Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," No. 763. On grouse-dung. " Cups about J to f of a line broad ; disc of the Kannoch specimens vinous when old, retaining the greenish colour at the base of the cups " (M. C. Cooke). Name — Crena, a notch ; slightly crenate. Rannoch, N.B. (Dr. Buchanan White). C. EXTERIOR PILOSE. 10. Ascobolus brunneus. Cooke. Cups sessile, minute, globose, then depressed, sessile ; externally pilose, pale ochre ; asci broadly clavate, short ; sporidia 8, elliptic, at first hyaline and granular, at length brown, 25 — 35 x 15/i ; paraphyses filiform. Ascobolus brunneus — Cooke in "Fung. Brit.," 1867; "Hedw.," vi. p. 154; " Handbk./' No. 2205; not Asc. brunneus — Boud., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1869. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 286. On cow-dung. Name — Brunneus, deep brown. Shere, Surrey (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 11. Ascobolus immersws. Pers. Immersed or slightly erumpent, very minute, sub- cylindrical or pyriform, clear yellowish-green; coated SACCOBOLUS. 293 externally with very minute, simple, or fasciculate, hyaline hairs; hymenium shining, a little undulating; asci large, broadly clavate, very much exsorted ; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, bright violet, becoming brown, faintly and distantly rimose oi smooth, each enclosed in a wide hyaline membrane fille ( with a colour- less liquid, 50 — 70 X 30 — 48/x ; paraphys ss filiform. Ascobolus immersus — Pers., " Syr) Fung.," 677 : "Myco. Eur.," i. p. 341; Nees, "Svs.,' f. 297; Fries^ "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 164; Cheval, "Flo. En. Par," i. p. 303; Duby, " Bot. Gall," ii. p. 739; Coemans, "Not. Ascob. Belg," p. 12, No. 1 ; Kickx, " Flo. Flan," i. p. 478; Nyl, " Pez. Fenn," p. 84; Karst, "Mon. Pez," p. 204 ; Karst, " Myco. Fenn," p. 80 ; B. and Br, " Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1089, t. 17, f. 33 ; Boud, " Ascob," p. 36, t. 8, fig. xvii. ; Fckl, " Symb. Myco," p. 286 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2204; Gill, "Champ," p. 144. Asc. rnacrosporus — Crouan, "Ann. Sc. Nat," 1857, t. 4 B, f. 5-8; Cooke, "Jour. Bot," 1864, f. 7. Asc. gigasporus -De Not, " Disc," p. 6. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. No. 397. On cow, sheep, horse, and goose dung. Autumn. About 300 to 800/ll broad. Easily recognized by the large sporidia — larger than in any other species. Name — Immergo, to plunge ; immersed. Batheaston (Mr. C. E. Broome). Longmynd, Salop, on goose-dung ! Genus III. — Saccobolus. Boud. Receptacle fleshy, sessile; externally glabrous, shining ; hymenium plane, then convex, bright, covered with the small exserted asci, resembling black shining granules ; asci short, broad, almost quadrate at the apices, attenu- ated at the base, and then nearly wedge-shaped, the dehiscent operculum often triangular, not umbonate ; sporidia 8 ; epispore waxy, smooth, very sparsely, minutely, and often transversely rimose, inclosed in a 204 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. common membrane, when mature variously aggregated at the extremity of the asci. (Plate IX. fig. 55.) Small species growing on dung. Easily distinguished from the preceding by the short and large asci, which are less prominent, and onty at maturity in the form of projecting round black points ; by the sporidia being enclosed in a common membrane ; and by the shorter paraphyses. Name — gcikkoq, sac, /3aXXw, a projection. Arrangement of the Species. a. Exterior of cup smooth . . . . . . species 1-5 b. Exterior pubescent . . . . . . „ 6 Key to the Species. Exterior of cup golden-yellow Exterior of cup fuliginous Exterior of cup violet Exterior of cup pallid or whitish Cups plane, pallid, then vinous Cups globose, white, then cinereous | Cups hemispherical, white, and pubescent . Kervemi. obscurus. violaceus. 1 depauperatus. neglectus. cxsariatus. A. EXTERIOR OF CUP SMOOTH. 1. Saccobolus Kervemi. (Crouan.) Very small, scattered or crowded, golden yellow or amber, glabrous, shining, sessile, hemispherical, some- times subcylindrical ; hymenium flat or convex ; asci wide, incurved ; sporidia 8, elliptic, at first white, then rosy, and finally of a beautiful violet, smooth, or rarely minutely and irregularly rimose, disposed at the summit of the ascus in an oblong mass, enclosed in a hyaline membrane, 20 — 23 X 10/i; paraphyses branched, septate, a little thickened at the summits, enveloped in a golden or yellowish-green gelatine. Ascobolus Kervemi — Crouan in "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1858, t. x. pi. 13, B, f. 7-10; " FJo. Finn.," p. 57 ; Cooke, "Jour. Bot," 1864, f. 8; Fckl., " Symb. Myco," p. 287; B. and Br., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," No. 1090, t. 17, f. 34 ; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 78; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2206; Gill., " Champ.," p. 141, c. i. Ascobolus glaher — Coemans, SACCOBOLUS. 295 "Not. Ascob. Belg.," 1862, p. 14; Kickx., "Crypt. Flan.," i. p. 478. Saccobolus Kervcrni — Boud., " Ascob.," p. 39, t. 8, f. 18. Exs.— Fckl., exs. N< 1836; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 399. On old cow-dung. October. Cups 400 to 6OO/1 broad. Name — After Capt. D. Kervern. Bathford I (Mr. C. E. Broome). Forden, Montgomery- shire. 2. Saccobolus obscurws. (Cooke.) Subgregarious, sometimes densely crowded, fuliginous or dark brown ; hymenium convex, rather paler ; asci clavate ; sporidia elliptic, rough, becoming violet, then brown, 12 — 14 X 7/u, enclosed in a common hyaline membrane ; paraphyses filiform, simple. Ascobolus (Saccobolus) obscurus — Cooke in " Gre- villea," iv. p. 112. On old sacking. Cups 200 to 900/x broad. Name — Obscurus, of a dark colour. Forden, Montgomeryshire ! (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 3. Saccobohvs neglectus. Boud. Very minute, at first globose, glabrous, scarcely shining, white or becoming cinereous, or finally cinereus- purple, paler at the base ; hymenium often fulvous, at certain times, therefore, covered with the exserted asci and appearing black ; asci minute, broad, attenuated at the base, hyaline, operculum plane ; sporidia 8, elliptic, sub -acuminate, smooth, roseate, passing into cinereous- violet and black, 15 — 19 X 6 — 8/x, enclosed in a common hyaline membrane ; paraphyses simple or branched, scarcely thickened at the apices, hyaline, septate, in- volved in a scarcely visible gelatine. Saccobolus neglectus — Boud., "Ascob.," p. 41, t. 9, f. 20; Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," 10, p. 69; Gill., "Champ.," p. 141. 296 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On rabbit-dung. Spring. Cups 200 to oOOfx broad, convex, when dry brown. Name — JSreglectus, neglected. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Leigh Woods, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 4. Saccobolus violasceus. Boud. Scattered or crowded, minute, sessile, glabrous, shining, hemispherical, then more or less expanded, violet or cinereous-violet ; hymenium scarcely paler, con- vex, rarely undulated ; asci broad, attenuated at the base ; operculum plane ; sporidia 8, elliptic, sub-acute, often navicular, at first hyaline, then rosy, at length approaching a blue-violet or violet-black, smooth, 15 X 9/u, enclosed in a common hyaline membrane ; paraph yses septate, apices pyriform, becoming violet-colour. (Place IX. fig. 55.) Saccobolus violasceus — Boud., "Ascob," p. 41, t. 8, f. 19. Ascobolus violasceus — Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," iii. p. 126; Gill., " Champ," p. 141, c. i. Exs.— Phil., " Elv. Brit," No. 48. On cow-dung. Autumn. Cups i to 1 line broad, subgelatinous. Name — Violasceus, of a violet-colour. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Wrekin, Salop ! 5. Saccobolus depauperatus. (B. and Br.) Cups minute, plane, pallid, then vinous ; asci short, broad, oblong, base abruptly narrowed to a short stem ; sporidia 8, obtusely fusiform, lurid violet, even, 10 — 12 X 6-5/x ; enclosed in a common hyaline sac ; para- physes filiform, septate, slightly incrassated at the summit. Ascobolus depauperatus — B. and Br, " Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1084, t. 14, f. 6; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2207. On dung of sheep, horse, and deer. " Cups minute, not exceeding ^b^ of an inch in diameter, yellowish when young, becoming vinous, but sometimes when old losing their purplish tint " (B. and Br.). SACCOBULUS. 207 Name — Depavpero, to impoverish. Spye Park, Bathford, Hanham, etc. (Mr. C. E. Broome). B. EXTERIOR PUBESCENT. 6. Saccobolus ccesariatus. Renny. Minute, hemispherical, white, clothed with colourless, septate, slender, flexuous hairs ; hymenium convex, papil- late from the exserted asci ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia elliptic, purple, smooth, enclosed in a common hyaline sac ; paraphyses filiform, rather stout, simple, or branched. Saccobolus ccesariatus — Renny in litt. This is an exceedingly beautiful species, very minute, but, unfortunately, no dimensions are given, nor yet the habitat. It resembles a pure white, sessile Lachnella. Name — Ccesariatus, covered with hairs. Section B. — Sforidia hyaline. Genus IV. — Thecotheus. Boud in " Ascob." Receptacle waxy, sessile; hymenium erumpent, im- marginate, opaque, subpruinose, at first plane, then con- vex, rough with crystalline points, which are the much exserted asci ; paraphyses longer, very slender, numerous, involved in gelatine ; asci large, elongated, but broad, polysporus in the species noted, sub-umbonate at the apex, when mature exserted about half their length; sporidia hyaline, with a conspicuous central nucleus, free, larger epispore smooth, the young ones very . commonly sur- rounded singly by mucilage (Boudier, I. c). (Plate IX. fig. 56.) Name — Otjicr), thecus, iLOii*), I push ; from the project- ing asci. One species only. 1. Thecotheus Pelletieri. (Cronan.) Scattered or crowded, at first conical, then cylindrical, at length rotund-applanate, grey or cinereous-lilac ; 298 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. covered externally with an excessively subtle white pruina ; hymenium opaque, often paler ; asci elongated, very large, broad, opening at the apex by a subumbonate operculum ; sporidia 32, hyaline, larger than in Rypa- robius, elliptic, subacuminate, the young ones filled with conspicuous minute drops, and surrounded singly with gelatine, the mature ones naked, with one central nucleus, 27 X 14/i ; paraphyses slender, septate, hyaline, branched from the base, enveloped in hyaline gelatine. (Plate IX. fig. 56.) Ascobolus Pelletieri — Crouan, " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1857, vol. vii. p. 173, t. iv. A. f. 1-4 ; " Flo. Finn," p. 56 ; Ccemans, "Not. Ascob. Belg," p. 15; "Bull. Soc. Belg.," i. p. 88; Kickx, "Crypt. Flan," i. p. 477; Pat, p. 74, f. 172. Tkecotheus Pelletieri— -Boud., "Ascob," p. 46, t. 9, f. 22 ; Phil, and Plow, " Grevillea," x. p. 69. On horse-dung. It is also fouud on dung of cows, sheep, and dogs. Cups J to 1 line broad. Easily recognized by the large asci and numerous sporidia. Name — After Captain Pelletier. Grown under glass, Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Scar- borough ! (Mr. Massee). Genus Y. — Ryparobius. Boud. Very minute, hardly visible to the naked eye, waxy, marginate, sessile ; hymenium plane ; punctate from the prominent asci, when dry margin inflexed, rotundate ; asci minute, but proportionately very broad, often ovate, scarcely attenuated at the base ; always polysporus, opening by a large convex operculum, scarcely rising above the mature disc ; sporidia very minute, hya- line, very numerous, never granulose within, nucleus hardly visible, when mature aggregated into an oblong- globule, but easily separable (Boudier, I. c). (Plate IX. fig. 57.) Distinguished from the preceding genus by the smaller RYPAROBIUS. 209 size of the receptacle and the colourless and numerous sporidia. Name — pvirapoc, dirty, fiiog, life ; living on dung. Arranofment of the Species, a. Exterior of cup smooth. (a) Margin not ciliated . (b) Margin ciliat< d b. Exterior hairy species 1-2 „ 3-5 „ 6-8 •{ 2. Key to the SrECiEs. Exterior fulvous Exterior white Sporidia elliptic Sporidia fusiform Margin fringed; sporidia 16-24 Margin ciliated; sporidia 128 Margin not ciliated . . Exterior hairy ; sporidia 64 Hairs on margin only Hairs short, irregular; sporidia 64-96 Hairs short, rough ; sporidia 32 Hairs soft ; sporidia 64 ; cups globose, then ap planate CooJcei. 1 2 3 parvisporus. subhirtus. dubius. Woolhopensis. 4 Levielleanus. Crouani. argenteus. A. EXTERIOR OF GUP SMOOTH. (a) Margin not ciliated. 1. Ryparobius CooJcei. (Crouan.) Very much crowded, rarely scattered, extremely minute, hemispherical, glabrous, fulvous, paler at the base ; margin irregularly paler ; hymenium plane, whitish or pallid-fulvous, papillate from the exserted asci; sporidia 64, oblong-elliptic, hyaline, scarcely acute, 8 — 10 4 — b/m; paraphyses scarce, hyaline, septate, scarcely thickened at the apices. (Plate IX. fig. 57.) Ascobolus Cookei — Crouan, "Flo. Finn.," p. 56, fig. 3 ; Cooke, " Grevillea," i. p. 132. Ryparobius Cookei — Boud., " Ascob.," p. 48, t. 9, f. 24. Ascobolus myriadeus — Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," exs. No. 552. Ascobolus polysporus — Auers. in " Hedwig.," 1868, p. 51. Ascobolus crustaceus — Fckl., "Symb. Myco./' p. 288; Karst., " Mon. Pez.," p. 208 ; Peziztda Crustacea — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 81. 300 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Exs.— Fckl., " F. Rh.," No. 1858; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," No. 552. On cow and rabbit dung. Cups 100 to 200iu broad. Name — After Dr. M. C. Cooke. Near Hereford (Mr. J. Renny). Near London (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Near Bath (Mr. C. E. Broome). Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 2. Ryparobius dubius. Boud. Scattered, excessively minute, often immersed, rotun- date, pallid-grey or fulvous ; hymenium convex, pellucid, immarginate ; asci oblong or oblong- ovate, hyaline, obtuse at the base, or slightly attenuated ; sporidia 128(?), elliptic, hyaline, subacute; paraphyses none or very rare, short, hyaline, septate. Ryparobius dubius — Boud., " Ascob.," t. 10, f. 26 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," No. 1392 ; Cooke, " Grevillea," ii. p. 163 ; Bucknall, "Fung. Bristol," pt. 2, p. 349. On horse and rabbit dung. This is the smallest and least visible species of the genus, being difficult to discover even with the aid of a lens. It is distinguished from its congeners by its numerous sporidia, its being generally paler in colour, immersed, always scattered, and having asci not narrowed at the base into a stem. Name — Dubius, doubtful. Leigh Downs, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Bath- ford (Mr. C. E. Broome). (b) Margin ciliated. 3. Ryparobius Crouani. (Renny.) Very minute, at first clear white, then whitish, fragile, sessile, hemispherical, glabrous, exterior of cup formed of a single series of cells ; margin ciliated with a single series of short, rough, subacuminate hairs ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 32, oblong-fusiform, obtuse at the ends, hyaline, smooth ; paraphyses not seen. Ascozonus Crouani — Renny in " Trans. Woolhope RYPAROBIUS. 301 Club," 1873, p. 130, t. 3, f. 6-10; and " Jour. Bot," 1874, p. 356, t. 154, f. 6-10. On rabbit-dung. Autumn. Cups j^q, rarely T^-0, of an inch broad, formed of a single layer of subcubical cells, with a single row of sharp, pointed hairs, often roughened on their sides about ■J to I of the whole height ; disc plane, granulate ; asci narrower than usual ; sporidia normally 32, oblongo-fusi- form. To be distinguished from A. cunicularis by the shorter and tapering rough cilia, as well as by the thinness and transparency of the walls (Renny). Name — After M.M. Crouan fre'res. Hereford (Mr. James Renny). 4. Ryparobius argenteus. B. and Br. Very minute, at first globose, then applanate, silvery- white, ciliated with soft hairs; asci short, broad, spo- ridiferous ; cysts elliptic, seated towards the apex ; sporidia 64, fusiform, hyaline, smooth, 17 X 7-6^; para- physes filiform, furcate, tips slightly enlarged. Ryparobius argenteus — B. and Br. in "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1394; " Grevillea," ii. 163. Ascozonus cuni- cularius — Renny, "Trans. Woolhope Club," 1873, p. 129, t. i, f. 1-4; and "Jour. Bot," 1874, p. 355, t. 155, f. 1-4. On rabbit-dung, for the most part attached to fila- ments of Mucor. Cups lOO^u across, scarcely visible to the naked eye ; asci opening with a little lid, which splits vertically. Comes near to R. felinus (Boud.), but has soft hairs, and is of a pure white (B. and Br.). But for the colourless sporidia, this, as well as Nos. 6 and 7, should belong to Saccobolus, on account of the " sporidiferous cysts." Name — Argentum, silver, having a silvery appear- ance. Near Hereford (Mr. Renny). 5. Ryparobius Leveilleanus. (Renny.) Very minute, shortly stipitate, silvery white ; stem formed of rounded, prominent cells; body of cup of 302 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. smaller, much-flattened cells; margin ciliated with a single row of short irregular hairs ; hymenium papillate ; asci very broad, tapering below, with an umbonate operculum; sporidia 64 to 96, oblong-fusiform, obtuse at the ends, hyaline, smooth ; paraphyses not seen. Ascozonus Leveilleanus — Renny in " Trans. Woolhope Club," 1873, p. 130, f. 1-5. A. Leveillei— Renny, "Jour. Bot.," 1874, p. 356, t. 154, f. 1-5. On rabbit-dung. Winter. Cups ^q to j^q of an inch wide (Renny). Name — After J. H. Leveille. Hereford (Mr. J. Renny). B. EXTERIOR HAIRY. 6. Ryparobius Woolhopensis. Renny. Minute, scattered, at first pure white, then dingy; cups with a thick stem-like base, which is tuberculate, covered with close-set hairs, which fringe the margin, at length expanding, the hairs disappearing with age ; sub- stance of base vesicular; asci broadly clavate, spori- diferons, cysts seated towards the apices; sporidia 64, broadly fusiform, hyaline, smooth, 17 — 18 X 5/x; para physes filiform, stout, simple. Ryparobius Woolhopensis (Renny) — B. and Br. in "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1395; " Grevillea," ii. p. 163. Ascozonus Woolhopensis — Renny, "Trans. Woolhope Club," 1873, p. 130; and "Jour. Bot.," 1874, p. 356, t. 153. On bird-dung, mixed with filaments of Mucor, and mostly borne by them. Cups J a line (041) wide and high. Name — After the Woolhope Field Club. Hereford (Mr. James Renny). 7. Ryparobius subhirtus. (Renny.) Minute, sessi]e, hemispherical, pure white, nearly transparent, dotted with short unequal hairs, which are mostly connate in pairs or threes ; margin ciliated; hyme- nium flat, coarsely papillate ; asci very wide, oblong, ASCOPHAXUS. 303 narrowed at the base, somewhat abruptly, to a point; sporidia about 128 (not less), elliptic, hyaline, smooth, collected at length into an ovoid mass in the upper part of the ascus ; paraphyses not seen. Ascozonus subhirtus — Renny in "Trans. Woolhope Club," 1873, p. 131, t. 2, f. 4-7; and "Jour. Bot.," 1874, p. 357, t. 155, f. 4-7. On rabbit-dung. Autumn. Name — Sub, somewhat, hirtus, hairy. Hereford (Mr. James Renny). 8. Ryparobius parvisporus. (Renny.) Very minute, fragile, somewhat more fleshy than other species, white and brilliant at first, then duller, with a faintly vinous tinge ; substance formed of bladdery polygonal cells, unequal in size, and often projecting in hair-like threads ; margin unevenly fringed with some- what roughened subulate hairs, often in a partly double row ; hymenium at first flat, then filled with the prominent, broadly clavate asci; sporidia 16 to 24, elliptic, hyaline, smooth ; paraphyses filiform, stout, septate. Ascozonus parvisporus — Renny in " Trans. Woolhope Club," 1873, p. 131, t. 3, f. 1-5 ; and " Jour. Bot.," 1874, p. 356, t. 156, f. 1-5. On rabbit-dung. Autumn. Name — Parvus, small, spovus, a spore. Hereford (Mr. James Renny). Genus VI. — Ascophanus. Boud. Receptacle sessile, pilose, pruinose, or glabrous ; hymenium plane or convex, rarely marginate; asci broadly clavate, or rarely oblong-ovate ; hyaline or very faintly coloured, opening by a conspicuous, rotund, often recurved operculum; sporidia 8 or 16, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, hyaline or at the most very faintly tinted, when young singly surrounded with gelatine, smooth or rarely very minutely punctate. (Plate IX. fig. 58.) 304 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Distinguished from the preceding genus by the smaller number of sporidia. Chiefly inhabiting dung, but occasionally found on vegetable and animal substances. Name — aaxog, ascus, (paivu), to appear. Arrangement of the Species. A. Exterior glabrous. (a) Sporidia globose . . . . . . specfes 1 (b) Sporidia elliptic. (a) Eight in ascus .. .. .. „ 2 12 ()8) Sixteen in ascus . . . „ 13 B. Exterior rugose, granulate . . . . „ 14 c. Exterior hairy . . . . . . . . „ 15 Key to the Species. Brown or fulvous'; margin black Brown ; margin same colour, inflexed 1 i.t * I ■ * • • • • • • Yellow Cinereous . . . . . . White [ Orange-red Flesh-colour or rosy-flesh ] Brick -red ! Pallid-yellow or whitish, rugose Pale yellowish-ochre, translucent, smooth . . Pallid-ochraceous ; paraphyses often curved Yellow testaceus, pilose Silvery-white; paraphyses clavate Milk-white; paraphyses filiform 3. ^ Dirty-white or yellowish ; paraphyses globose White, 16 sporidia in ascus .White, spores globose . . minutissimus. subfuscus. 1 2 cinereous. 3 aurora. carneus. testaceus. consociatim. granulifonnis. ocliraceus. pilosus. argenteus. lacteus. microsporia. sexdecimsporus. Boudieri. A. EXTERIOR GLABROUS. (a) Sporidia globose 1. Ascophanus Boudieri. (Renny.) Minute, sessile, hemispherical, glabrous, clear white ; hymenium plane, papillate; asci broadly cylindraceo- clavate; sporidia 8, globose, asperate, hyaline; para- physes filiform, stout. Ascobolus Boudieri — Renny in litt. cum ico. On rabbit-dung. The above description is drawn up from a beautiful ASCOPHANUS. 305 drawing sent me by Mr. Renny, but I regret to say no indication of the magnifying power is given, so that I am unable to supply the measurements of the sporidia. Name — After E. Boudier. Hereford (Mr. James Renny). (b) Sporidia elliptic. 2. Ascophanus subfuscus. Boud. Crowded, rarely scattered, very minute, hemispherical; externally glabrous, brown, paler at the base, when dry black-brown, with an irregular inflexed margin ; hyme- nium plane, pale or pale fulvous ; asci short, broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, subfusiform, hyaline, 10 x Dfi\ paraphyses broadly clavate and brown at the apices. Ascophanus subfuscus — Boud., "Ascob.," p. 52, t. 10, fig. xxviii. ; " Scott. Nat.," i. (new series) 87. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. No. 657. On cow-dung. Receptacles, according to Boudier, -f0 to ]5 mm. (100 to 200/t) broad. The specimens referred to the above species agree in size and external characters, but not in habitat ; nor, indeed, can it be said of the sporidia that they are sub- fusiform. Shrewsbury ! 3. Ascophanus minutissimns. Boud. Very minute, hardly visible under a lens, always scattered, hemispherical or applanate, brown or fulvous ; hymenium the same colour; margin black; asci rather broad, small, hyaline, attenuated at the base ; sporidia 8, elliptic, subfusiform, hyaline, smooth, 7 X 4ju ; paraphyses simple, pyriform at the apices, yellow-green, hyaline at the base. Ascophanus minutissimus — Boud., " Ascob.," p. 53, t. 10, f. 29. On horse-dung. 306 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. About 100 to 200^u broad. Name — Minutus, minute ; very minute. Near Birmingham ! (Mr. W. B. Grove). 4. Ascophanus argentews. (Curr.) Gregarious, exceedingly minute, barely visible to the naked eye, subpyriform, of a silvery-white colour, oblong-ovate, narrowed to a point at the base ; sporidia 8, elliptic, colourless, 12 X 7'Qfx ; paraphyses clavate at the apices. Ascoholus argenteus — Curr.; Cooke, "Jour. Bot.," May, 1864, f . 6 ; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1088, t. 17, £. 32; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2210; Gill., "Champ.," p. 142. Ascophanus argenteus — Boud., "Ann. Sc. Nat." (1869), vol. 10, t. 11, f. 32 ; " Ascob.," p. 55. On cow-dung. Scarcely visible to the naked eye. Name — Argentum, silver; of silvery appearance. Eltham (Mr. F. Currey) 5. Ascophanus lacteus. (Cooke and Phil.) Scattered, at first obconical, then expanded, slightly concave, at length convex, milk-white, glabrous; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, generally biseriate, elliptic, hyaline, smooth, 10 X 5fi; paraphyses filiform. Ascoholus {Ascophanus) lacteus — Cooke and Phil, in " Grevillea," v. p. 119. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit./' ed. ii. 560. On cow- dung. Cups J to f of a line broad. In external appearance it certainly resembles an Helotium, but here the resem- blance ceases. In size as well as sporidia it differs from the pale forms of Ascoph. ochraceus, and from Ascoph. argenteus in the slightly smaller sporidia, the narrower asci, and the filiform paraphyses. Name — Lac, milk ; milk-white. Shrewsbury ! ASCOPHANUS. 307 6. Ascophanus microspoirus. (B. and Br.) Very minute, sessile, dirty white or yellowish brown, depressed; asci broadly clavate, often furnished at the base with a little narrow, oblique stem ; sporidia 8, elliptic, at length violet, smooth, 7*6 X 3 5/ul ; paraphyses globose at the apices, filled with a greenish-yellow endochrome. Ascobolus microsporus — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1087, t. 16, f. 28; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2209. Asc. Ccemansii—Boud., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1869; and " Ascob.," p. 54, t. 10, f. 30. Exs.— Rabh, " Fung. Eur.," No. 977. On dung of cows and sheep. About J to J a line broad. " This differs materially from Ascoph. granuliformis in the size of the fruit, which is proportionally narrower ; the colour also is different " (B. and Br., I. c). Name — /uwcpog, minute, l\og, loving. Arrangement of the Species. a. Sporidia elliptic . . . . . . . . species 1, 2 b. Sporidia fusiform or subfusiform . . „ 8-5 C. Sporidia cylindrical . . . . . . » Key to the Species Exterior fibrillose-striate Exterior veined, flesh-red Exterior even . . 2 ("Sporidia uniguttulate. . ' \ Sporidia multiguttulate and larger . ! Yellowish-brown ; paraphyses enlarged at the summits uEruginous-green ; paraphyses filiform, branched . Pallid or purplish ; paraphyses unbranched 2. rudis. 1 2 sarcoides. purpurea. brunnea. atro-virens. clavus. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC. 1. Ombrophila rudis. (Berk.) Fasciculate, turbinate-stipitate or stipitate, sub- gelatinous ; hymenium plane, here and there depressed, rugose, yellow-brown, somewhat vinous, externally finely fibrilloso-striate ; stem often elongated, lacunose or striate ; asci clavate, base slender; sporidia 8, elliptic, 7 — 10x3 — 4//; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza rudis — Berk, in " Proc. N. H. Soc. Berw.," p. 190; "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 574, t. 6, f. 13; Cooke, « Handbk.," No. 2077. OMBROPHILA. 323 On shallow gravel and peat. Jane. This plant is decidedly subgelatinous, and resembles some states of 0. sarcoides, but has different sporidia. It is described when fresh as yellowish-brown, with vinous tint ; stem often striate below, but externally very minutely fibroso-striate " (B. and Br.). Name — Rudis, rude. Berwick ! (in Herb. Berk. Kew). 2. Ombrophila brunnea. Phil. Crowded, sessile or substipitate, nearly hemispherical, then expanded, becoming fiexuous, gelatinous, yellowish- brown, glabrous ; hymenium darker than margin ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, biguttulate, replete with granular protoplasm, 16 — 20x5 — 8/u.; paraphyses filiform, enlarged at the summits, adhering. Ombrophila brunnea — Phil, in " Grevillea," viii. p. 103; "Scott. Nat.," i. (new ser.) 87. On dead herbaceous stems in damp places. Cups about 1J to 5 lines broad. Name — Brunneus, deep brown. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). * B. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM OR SUBFUSIFORM. 3. Ombrophila sarcoides. (Jacq.) Caespitose, sessile or substipitate, firm, subgelatinous, fleshy red, veined below; hymenium plane, concave or urceolate and repand ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, straight or unequal-sided, with a central gutta, 10 — 18 X 4 — 5/ul; paraphyses fili- form, slender, abundant, adherent. Spermogonia form, polymorphous, soft, viscid, flesh - red; conidia subglobose or subelliptic; spermatia rod- like, straight or curved. Lichen sarcoides — Jacq., "Misc. Austr.," ii. p. 378, t. 22. Peziza sarcoides — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 633 ; A. and S, p. 305. Bulgaria sarcoides — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 168; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 210; Berk, " Outl," p. 375, t, 18, f. 6; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2218; "Fungi," p. 198; 324 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Gill., " Champ.," p. 147, c i. Helvetia sarcoides — Dicks., " Crypt.," i. p. 21 ; Bolt., t. 101, f. 2. Sarcodea sarcoides * umalis — Karst, " Symb. Myeo," p. 232. Coryne sarcoides — TuL, " Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 190, t. 17, f. 1-8; Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 284. Ombrophila sarcoides — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 86. Spermogonia : Tremella (coryne) sarcoides — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 217; "Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 341; and " Epicr.," p. 589. Tremella sarcoides — With., p. 78. Coryne sarcoides — Bon., " Handb.," p. 149, t. 11, f. 233. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," 452 (partly); Cooke, "Fung. Brit," 482; Phil, "Elv. Brit," 138; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 2767. On trunks and branches of trees. Name — caps, flesh, d$og, likeness ; flesh-like. Common ! 4. Ombrophila purpurea. (Fckl.) Receptacle as in preceding, but larger and more robust ; asci scarcely stipitate, cylindrical ; sporidia bi- seriate, lanceolate, sometimes curved, multiguttulate, hyaline, 20 X 6/x ; paraphyses filiform, not thickened at the tips. Coryne purpurea — Fckl, " Symb. Myco," p. 284. Bulgaria purpurea (Fckl.) — Cooke in " Grevillea," ii. p. 164. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Rh," No. 1135 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 658. Sporidia 20/* ("0007 in.) long, whereas in B. sarcoides they are only half that length. The cups exceed 1 inch in diameter (Cooke). The sporidia in the Attingham Park specimen are 24 x 7fi. This may be a distinct species. Epping (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Attingham Park, Shrews- bury ! 5. Ombrophila clavus. (A. and S.) Crowded or scattered, between fleshy and gelatinous, somewhat firm, pallid or purplish, nearly obconic or OMBROPIIILA. 325 stipitate ; hyinenium plane or convex; stem thick or slender ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic, obtuse at the ends or pointed, unequal-sided, polari-guttulate, 10 — 15 X 4 — 5/j.; paraphyses filiform. (Plate X. fig. 62.) Peziza clavus — A. and S., p. 306, t. 11, f. 5 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 137; B. and Br, "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 575; Pat, p. 129, f. 290(?). Helotkim clavus— Gill., " Champ," p. 153. On leaves, twigs etc, lying in swampy places. Autumn. A most variable species both in size and shape, the stem at one time absent, at another elongated to twice the diameter of the disc ; sometimes very thick, at others slender. Name — Clavus, a stud or button. Trefriw, North Wales ! 6. Ombrophila atro-virens. (Pers.) Solitary or crowded, sessile or substipitate, at first globose, then turbinate or hemispherical, immarginate, subgelatinous, seruginous-green ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical, obtuse at the ends, curved, 3 to 4-septate, often constricted at the septa, 14 — 18 X 3 — 4^u ; paraphyses filiform, branched, adherent. Spermogonia solitary or csespitose, often coalescing into a common truncate head ; bearing narrowly ovoide spermatia, on slender, branched sterigmata. Peziza atro-virens — Pers, " Syn. Fung," p. 635 ; Fries, "Svs. Myco," ii. p. 141; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 205; Grev, " Flo. Edin," p. 425 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2099. Coryne virescens — Tul, " Select. Fung. Carp," iii. p. 193, t. xviii. f. 12-15. Calloria atro-virens — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan," p. 359 ; Pat, p. 75, f. 174. Chlorosplenium atro-virens — De Not, " Disc," p. 23. Conidial form : Dacrymyces virescens — Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 229. Mollisia atro-virens — Gill, " Champ," p. 126. Exs.— Phil, "Elv. Brit./' 141 ; Ehem, " Asco," 618. 326 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. On decaying wood ; on decorticated branches in damp places, etc. Usually small, scattered, dark green, convex, of a decidedly gelatinous texture. Name — Ater, black, virens, green. Near Ludlow, Shropshire ! The Wrekin, Shropshire ! near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Genus V. — Calloria. Fries (amended). Gelatinous, at first spherical, immarginate, then be- coming plane or concave, sessile or substipitate ; for the most part bright-coloured, with no distinct excipulum ; sporidia 8, minute. (Plate X. fig. 63.) Spermogonia occur in fusarioides. Rarely exceeding J to f of a line broad; soft when moist, slightly horny when dry. Growing on dead wood, herbaceous stems, and fungi. Name — icaXXog (kuXoq), beauty; beautifully coloured species 1 , 2 „ 3 Arrangement of the Species. a. Exterior of cups pubescent (a) Sporidia fusiform . . . . . (b) Sporidia cylindrical , . 8. Exterior of cups glabrous (a) Sporidia subglobose (b) Sporidia elliptic . . . . (c) Sporidia fusiform. (a) Simple . . (&) Septate (d) Sporidia filiform C. Doubtful Key to the Species. H)Tmenium some shade of red Hymenium some shade of yellow Hymenium white (Paraphyses filiform \ Paraphyses globose or subglobose at the apices 'Exterior woolly, rosy-pink : growing on Sterium Exterior glabrous, bright red : on Conium maculatum Exterior glabrous, reddish flesh-colour : on Rubus *■ . s CcCMuo •• •■ •• •• • • • • Exterior glabrous, fieth-red : on dead wood Exterior glabrous, orange-colour : seated on a Tape- siuui . . 4 5-8 9-11 12.13 14-18 19 1 4 6 2 o O stereicola. coniicola. rubicolor. rubella. uuricnJ"" M CALLORIA. 327 {Exterior glabrous, fiesh-red ; sporidia snbglobose . . coccinella. Exterior glabrous, yellowish-scarlet; sporidia glo- boso-elliptic . . . . . . . . . . . . xanthostigma. Exterior glabrous, pale vinous-red ; sporidia filiform vinosa. Exterior granular, gummy ; paraphyses urn-shaped at the apices . . .. .. .. .. .. lasia. Exterior granulated ; paraphyses filiform . . . . cornea. , Exterior at first pubescent, then glabrous; para- physes filiform . . . . . . . . . . chrysostigma. ^Exterior glabrous . . . . . . . . . . 5 Paraphyses globose at the apices ; sporidia filiform or fusoidio-filiform . . . . . . . . . . luteo rubella. Paraphyses subclavate at the apices, sporidia ob- long-fusiform . . . . . . . . . . fumrioides. ' Paraphyses filiform ; sporidia acicular-filiform . . inflatula. Paraphyses thickened at the apices; sporidia elliptic, large . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ulcerata. .Paraphyses filiform : growing on Polyporus . . Leightoni. 'Exterior glabrous, white, becoming yellow ; para- physes globose at the apices . . . . . . leucostigma. Exterior subfarinose, pallid-white . . . . . . dentata. Imperfectly described . . . . . . . . diaphana. C. A. EXTERIOR OF CUP PUBESCENT. (a) Sporidia fusiform. 1. Calloria lasia. (B. and Br.) Globose, erumpent, orange-colour, at length opening with a torn dentate mouth ; externally gummy ; asci subcylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 12 x 2/u ; paraphyses urn-shaped, and sometimes uniseptate at the apices, intermixed with short flocci. Peziza lasia — B. and Br. in " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1391, t. 8, f. 10; " Grevillea," ii. p. 162. Exs. — Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," nov. ed., 1515. On bark and wood of elm. March. Half to one line broad. The dried specimens are dull red, and minutely verrucose externally ; the disc of a somewhat brighter colour. The apices of the para- physes are very remarkable, reminding one of the young capsule of a Bryum. Name — Xacnog, hairy. Langridge ! 328 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 2. Calloria chrysostigma. (Fries.) Gregarious, sessile, with a broad stem-like base, bright yellow, sometimes white, soft, submembranaceous, globose, then plano-concave, at first slightly pubescent, then glabrous ; asci clavate or cylindraceo-clavate ; spo- ridia 8, fusiform, straight, 12 X 2fx ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza chrysostigma — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 128. Helotium chrysostigma — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 148 ; Gill., "Champ.," p. 155. On dead fronds of Pteris aquilina, Athyrium, etc. A very minute and variable species, now yellow, now white ; at first pubescent, then glabrous. Name — xpvvog, gold, ariyfia, a point. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). (b) Sporidia cylindrical. 3. Calloria stereicola. (Cooke.) Gregarious, minute, sessile or substipitate, globose, then cup-shaped, between fleshy and waxy; externally woolly, of a delicate rosy-pink when dry ; hymenium the same colour ; asci subclavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical, obtuse, 7 X 1'5/x; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza stereicola — Cooke in " Grevillea," i. p. 130. Exs.— Phil., " Elv. Brit.," No. 186. On the hymenium of Stereum. Cups 300 to 700^u broad. The delicate pubescence is seen best in recently collected specimens ; some of the cups are furnished with a decided stem ; when moist the flesh is soft. Name — Stereum, a genus of fungi, colo, to inhabit. Scotland (Herb. Edin.). Sutton Park, Birmingham (Mr. W. B. Grove). Colwyn, North Wales ! B. EXTERIOR OF CUPS NAKED. (a) Sporidia subglobose. 4. Calloria coccinella. (Sommf.) Scattered or gregarious, sessile, minute, subtremel- lose when moist, collapsing when dry, flesh-red; asci CALLORIA. 829 cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia subglobose, uniseriate, 2/u ; paraphyses filiform, very slender, subglobose apices, colourless. Peziza coccinella — Sommf., " Lapp.," p. 276 ; Fries, "Elench.," ii. p. 112; Karst., "Pez. et Ascob.," p. 36. Orbilia coccinella — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 357 ; Karst., "Symb. Myco.," p. 98. Mollisia coccinella — Gill., " Champ," p. 129. Exs.— Rehm, " Asco," Nos. 71 and 716. On dead wood. About 500/u broad. Name — Diminutive of coccineus, scarlet. Form condensata. Phil. Forming condensed fasciculate heaps. Forres, N.B., in Herb. Currey ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). (b) Sporidia elliptic. 5. Calloria xanthostigma. (Fries.) Scattered, plane, submembranaceous, translucent, gla- brous, yellow, inclining to scarlet ; collapsing when dry ; asci cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, uni- seriate, globose-elliptic, 3 x 1 — 15^; paraphyses filiform, extremely slender, globose at the apices. Peziza xanthostigma — Fries, " Obs. Myco," i. p. 166 ; "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 146; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 206; Karst, " Pez. et Ascob," p. 39 ; " Mon. Pez," p. 174 ; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn,"p. 54; Berk, " Outl," p. 371 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2107. Orbilia leucostigma — var. (3. xanthostigma, Fries — Karst, " Myco. Fenn," p. 99. Mollisia xantho- stigma— Gill, "Champ," p. 125. Exs.— Phil, " Elv. Brit," 130. On dead wood. Name — ^avOog, yellow, ariyfia, a point. Shrewsbury ! 6. Calloria Leightoni (no v. sp.). Scattered, minute, sessile, hemispherical, then slightly concave; margin incurved; exterior glabrous, very pale 330 BRITISH DISOOMYCETES. yellow ; hymenium same colour ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong- elliptic, 8x3/i; paraphyses slenderly filiform. Peziza hyalina — Herb. Leighton at Kew. On Polyporus. Cups J to 1 line broad. The colour varies from white to very pale yellow ; somewhat diaphanous. The sporidia are considerably larger than Peziza epipora, Nyl. Name — After the Rev. W. A. Leio-hton. Near Shrewsbury ! (Rev. W. A. Leighton). 7. Calloria ulcerata. Phil, and Plow. Scattered, erumpent, plane; margin fimbriate; hyme- nium dirty orange ; asci clavate ; sporidia 4, elliptic, granular within, 15 x 8fi ; paraphyses filiform, simple or forked, enlarged at the summits, often contorted. Peziza ulcerata — Phil, in " Elv. Brit. ; ' Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," iv. p. 122, t. 62, f. 5. Peziza tripoli'i — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1623. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit," No. 83; Winter, "Fungi Eur.," 2206 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. No. 549. On dead stems of Aster tripolium. Allied to P. fusarioides, Berk. Name — From ulcero, to form scabs ; scabby. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 8. Calloria leucostigma. (Fries.) Gregarious or scattered, sessile, plane, submem- branaceous, white, becoming yellowish, translucent ; asci cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, globose- elliptic, uniseriate, 2 X 1'5/ul ; paraphyses filiform, ex- tremely slender, globose at the apices. Peziza leucostigma — Fries, " Obs. Myco," i. p. 165 ; " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 146 ; Karst, " Pez. et Ascob," p. 39 ; "Mon. Pez," p. 174; Nyl, "Pez. Fenn," p. 54; " Eng. Flo./' v. p. 206 ; Berk, " Outl," p. 371 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2108. Orbilia leucostigma — Fries, " Sum ma Veg. Scan," p. 357 ; Karst, " Myco. Fenn," p. 99. Mollisia leucostigma — Gill, " Champ," 126. CALLORIA. 331 On dead wood. About I to J a line broad. Name — AtuKoe, white, cmy^a, a point. Shrewsbury ! (c) Sporidia fusiform. (a) Simple. 9. Calloria rubicola. Cooke and Phil. Gregarious, sessile, applanate, reddish flesh-colour, glabrous ; margin prominent, rather obtuse ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 9 — 11 X lfi ; paraphyses slenderly filiform. On Rubus coesiws. Cups J to f of a line broad. This is very similar to Peziza vinosa, but differs in the sporidia. Name — Rubus, the genus to which the bramble belongs, colo, to inhabit. King's Cliffe ! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 10. Calloria fusarioides. (Berk.) Gregarious, rotund or oblong, nearly plane, orange- fulvous or orange-red ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, curved, guttulate or pseudo-uniseptate, 10 — 14 X 3 — 3'Oju; paraphyses filiform, slender, apices clavate. Spermogonia gregarious, gelatinous, difformed, dis- coid, or for the most part oblong or ovate, when dry applanate, often confluent, similar in size and colour to the ascigerous stage; sterigmata slender, branched; spermatia filiform, straight, about 10 ji long, ljj. thick. Peziza fusarioides — Berk, in "Mag. Zool. Bot.," 1837, i. p. 46, t. 2, f. 4 ; " Outl.," p. 371 ; Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 57 ; Karst., " Mon. Pez.," p. 176 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2114. Calloria fusarioides — Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," p. 282. Mollisia fusarioides — Gill., " Champ.," p. 1 20, c. i. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1063, ed. ii. 463; Berk., "Brit. Fung.," 67; Fckl., "F. Ph.," 1131 ; Lib., ex. 29; Rabh., "Herb. Myco.," ed. ii. 676; Karst., "Fung. 332 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Fenn," 646 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," 343, ed. ii. 331 ; Phil., "Elv. Brit," 82; Rhem, " Asco," 72 and 118. Spermogonia form — Desm, " Crypt. Fr," ed. ii. 402 ; Rabh., " Herb. Myco," ed. ii. 73 ; and " Fung. Eur," 384. On dead stems of nettle. f to f of a line broad. Name — Fusarium, a genus of fungi, slSog, likeness. 11. Calloria dentata. (Pers.) Sessile, very minute, at first subglobose, then hemi- spherical, soft, pallid-white, subfarinaceous ; margin dentate ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, biseriate, fusiform, 5 X 1 — 2/ll ; paraphyses not seen. Peziza dentata — Pers, " Icon, et Descr," p. 5, t. 1, f. 6, 7; "Myco. Eur," p. 315; Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 147. Mollisia dentata — Gill., " Champ," p. 124. On decorticated twigs. Cups 300 to 400/x broad. Name — Dens, a tooth ; toothed. Herb. Berkeley. (/3) Septate. 12. Calloria cornea. (B. and Br.) Minute, gregarious, sessile, at first globose, yellow horn-coloured, at length shortly obconic or turbinate and orange-brown ; asci clavate, pointed at the summit ; sporidia 8, fusiform, slightly curved, biguttulate, at length pseudo-uniseptate, 15 X 2/* ; paraphyses filiform, very slender. Peziza cornea — B. and Br. in " Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 578 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2113. On dead culms of Carex paniculata. March. Cups 300 to 500/z broad. " Sometimes slightly hollow, but more generally flat and granulated ; margin rather jagged. An extremely pretty though minute species" (B. and Br.). Name— Corneus, horny ; from the colour. Batheaston ! (C. E. Broome, Esq.). CALLORIA. 333 13. Calloria Coniicola (nov. sp.). Cooke and Phil. Gregarious or crowded, hemispherical, then expanded, concave, flesh-red; margin involute; hymenium brighter red ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform, becoming uniseptate, 13 x 2/u ; paraphyses filiform, slender. On dead stems of Conium maculatum. Cups 300 to 500^u broad. Name — Conium, a genus of plants, colo, to inhabit. King's Cliffe ! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). (d) Sporidia filiform. 14. Calloria vinosa. (A. and S.) Minute, sessile, subtremellose, nearly plane, smooth, quite entire, pale vinous-red ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, tiliform-acicular, straight or curved, 10 — 15 X 1/u ; para- physes filiform, slender, sometimes branched, with globose, pyriform, or thickened apices. (Plate X. fig. 63.) Peziza vinosa — A. and S., p. 308 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 141 ; Wallr., " Flo. Germ.," p. 469 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 205 ; Berk., " Outl.," p. 370 ; Karst., " Pez. et Ascob.," p. 37 ; "• Mon. Pez.," p. 176 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2097. Mollisia vinosa — Gill., " Champ.," p. 125. Calloria vinosa — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 359 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 283. Orbilia vinosa — Karst., " Myco. Fenn," p. 101. Exs. — Rav., iv. No. 19; Rabh., "Fung. Eur./' nov. ed. No. 1412 ; Roumg., " Fung. Gal," 1252. On fallen branches, bark, and wood. Name — Vinum, wine ; of the colour of red wine. Common ! 15. Calloria luteo-rubella. (Nyl.) Scattered, minute, disciform, glabrous, somewhat tremelloid, yellowish -red or yellowish -brown ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia fusiform or fusi-filiform, 7 — 10 X 1 — 1'5ju ; paraphyses filiform, slender, apices nearly globose. Peziza luteo-rubella — Nyl., " Pez. Fenn.," p. 55 , 334 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Karst., " Mon. Pez.," p. 175 ; Phil, and Plow., « Grevillea," x. p. 68. Orbilia luteo-rubella — Karst., " Symb," p. 248 ; " Myco. Fenn.," p. 101. On dead willow bark. Nylander and Karsten find it on poplar and elder, also on dead polyporus. July to September. Cups about \ to f of a line broad. Approaches very near to C. leucostigma. Name — Luteus, yellow, rubellus, reddish. Shrewsbury ! 16. Calloria rubella. Pers. Gregarious, minute, sessile, between soft and waxy, becoming somewhat plane, smooth, flesh-red ; margin sublaciniate ; sporidia 8, minute, cylindrical, 6 x 2fi. Peziza rubella — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 635; and " Myco. Eur.," i. p. 304 ; A. and S., p. 308 ; Fries, " Obs. Myco," i. p. 163; "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 141; "Summa Veg. Scan," p. 353 ; Wallr, " Flo. Germ," p. 469 ; Rabh, " Krypt. Flo," i. p. 347 ; B. and Br, " Ann. Nat, Hist," No. 1484 ; " Grevillea," iii. p. 122. Mollisia rubella — Gill, « Champ," p. 124. Exs.— Karst, " Fung. Fenn," No. 834. On decayed wood with P. vinosa. "Cups 1 to 2 lines broad" (B. and Br.). "Semi- pellucid, convex, then plane and subliexuose; margin minutely velvety " (M. C. C. in MS.). Name — Rvhella, reddish. New Pitsligo (Rev. J. Fergusson). 17. Calloria auricolor. (Blox.) Gregarious, soft, subgelatinous, orange, marginate, springing from a stratum of delicate, hyaline filaments ; sporidia 8, narrow. Peziza auricolor, Blox. — B. and Br, " Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1068 ; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2098. On the under side of a fallen tree. " Cups with a broad raised margin, springing from delicate, radiating, hyaline, interwoven hairs. The DERMATE.E. 335 evident affinity of this species to P. vinosa induces us to place it in MoUisia rather than in Tapesia" (M. J. Berk.). Name — Aurum, gold, color, colour; golden-yellow. Gopsal (Rev. A. Bloxam). 18. Calloria injiatida. (Karst.) Gregarious, nearly plane, thin, hyaline-white, when dry globose-inflated, angularly contracted, dirty-yellow or nearly brick-red ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, acicular-filiform, 4 — 7 X o^u. Peziza inflatula — Karst., " Mon. Pez.," p. 175. Orbilia inflatula — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 100. On bark and wood. Cups J to | of a line broad. Nearly allied to Peziza epipora, Nyl. Leigh Woods and Stapleton Park, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 19. Calloria diaphana. (Sow.) Scattered, urceolate, then plane, whitish, hyaline. MoUisia diaphana — Gill., " Champ.," p. 132. Peziza vulgaris, Fries, var. j3. diaphana — Sow., " Fung.," t. 389, f. 7. MoUisia vulgaris — Gill., " Champ.," p. 119. On fallen branches. Name — SicKpavijg, diaphanous; transparent. Order V.— DERMATE^l. Fries. Receptacles corky, coriaceous, or horny, mostly erumpent and csespitose, sessile or substipitate, urceolate, concave or plane ; epiphytal. (Plates X., XI. figs. 64-69.) In some of the genera included here spermogonia and pycnidia have been observed. The plants in this order are characterized by their firm texture and dark colour, varying from rhubarb- brown to umber-brown and black ; they are nearly all erumpent, and the majority caespitose and united at the 336 BEITISH DISCOMYCETES. base, as if arising from a common stroma. In Tympanis they approach Patellaria ; in Heterosphceria they simu- late Sphceria ; in Dermatea they have some likeness to Helotium ; but attention to the texture and fructification will prevent the possibility of error. Name — from the typical genus Dermatea. I. Encazlia. Fries. II. Dermatea. Fries. III. Cenangium. Fries Arrangement of the Genera. IV. Tympanis. Fries. V. Crumenula. De Not. VI. Ephelis. Fries. Key to the Genera. Eeceptacles seated on an effused horny crust . . Ephelis. Receptacles corky or granular; flesh generally brown Dermatea. Receptacles coriaceous ; sporidia filiform . . . . Crumenula. Receptacles coriaceous ; sporidia oblong .. .. Encailia. Receptacles horny or coriaceous, the base more or less prolonged below (so that they are not globose, as in Heterosphseria) . . . . . . . . 1 /Receptacles black, very rarely mealy . . . . Tympanis. (Receptacles rarely quite black, generally mealy . . Cenangium. Genus I. — Enccelia. Fries. Cups sessile, at first closed or nearly closed, at length open, concave, more or less coriaceous ; externally lur- furaceous or naked; sporidia 8, oblong; epiphytal. (Plate X. fig. 64.) Name — iv, within, and icotAoe, hollow Only three British species. Key to the Species. Externally blackish . . . . . . . . . . 1 Externally pale tan . . . . furfuracea. , (Externally rugose . . . . . . . . . . fascicularis. ' \Externally verrucose . . . . . . . . . . Bloxami. 1. Enccelia fascicularis. (A. and S.) Csespitose, rarely solitary, sessile, leathery mem- branaceous, irregular, rugose, blackish ; externally rather mealy ; hymenium concave, dark bay-brown, becoming paler ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, ENCCELIA. 337 straight or curved, 14 X 4/x ; paraphyses filiform, clavate at the apices. (Plate X. fig. 64.) Peziza fascicularis — A. and S., "Consp.," p. 315, t. 12, fig. 2 ; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 75 ; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 191 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2009. Enccelia fasci- cularis— Karst., " Myco. Fenn," p. 217. Dermatea fascicularis — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 278. Peziza crispa — Sow., t. 425 ; Purt., " Midi. Flo.," t. 7. Cenangium fasciculare — Gill., " Champ.," p. 196. Exs. — Fries, No. 291 ; Sommf, No. 97 ; Berk., exs. No. 154; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," No. 721; Fckl, "F. Rh," No. 1028 ; Karst, " Fung. Fenn," No. 69 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," No. 478; Phil, " Elv. Brit," 17; Rehm, " Asco," No. 301 ; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 2274. On dead branches of Fraxinus, Salix, Populus, etc. Cups about 4 lines broad. Csespitose, 6 to 12 united, but sometimes solitary, thin, submembranaceous, hemi- spherical, but compressed, and margin sinuate ; externally blackish, coated, with a fugaceous meal. Name — Fasciculus, a small bundle ; fasciculate. King's Clitfe, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Near Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle). Var. repagulis — Cooke in " Fung. Brit," ed. ii. No. 364. 2. Enccelia furfuracea. (Fries.) Sessile, between fleshy and leathery ; externally pallid, mealy ; margin involute, entire ; hymenium cinnamon- blackish ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong, straight or curved, 2 to 4-guttulate, 10 — 12 X 3/x ; paraphyses stout, enlarged upwards. . Peziza furfuracea — Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 76 ; " Eng. Flo," v. p. 192 ; Roth, ii. t. 9, f. 3 ; Pers, " Syn. Fung," p. 672 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2010. Cenan- gium furfuracea — Gill, " Champ," p. 196. Dermatea furfuracea — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan," p. 362 ; Fckl, "Symb. Myco," p. 278. Enccelia furfuracea — Karst.. " Myco. Fenn," p. 218. Z 333 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Exs.— Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," No. 326, 554; Fckl., " F. Rh," No. 326 ; Rav, vi. No. 86 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 453 ; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 18. On Corylus avellana and Alnus incanus. Varying greatly in size from 1J lines to J an inch broad. Csespitose or solitary, erumpent, variously deformed by pressure, coated with a pale rusty meal ; hvmenium cinnamon. Name — Furfur, bran ; branny. Glapthorn, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). King's Lynn, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). 3. Encodia Bloxami (nov. sp.). Gregarious, often caespitose, shortly stipitate, cyathi- form, coriaceous, blackish brown, minutely verrucose ; hymenium lurid brown ; margin slightly undulating ; flesh dark purple-brown ; asci clavate ; sporiclia 8, elliptic, 3 — 4 X 2/jl ; paraphyses filiform, adherent. Fusiform, uniseptate, stylospores on slender filaments are abundantly intermixed with the asci and paraphyses, the summits rising a little above the surface of the hymenium. Patellaria Bloxami — Berk, in Bloxam's herb, at Kew. On dead wood. Cups about 1 to 4 lines broad. When dry the plant is black; the purple- brown colour of the interior is onlj visible in a microscopic section. The stylospores appear to arise from the subhy menial tissue, and are by no means an accidental addition, for they are present in all the cups I examined. They are similar bodies to those in Peziza diplocarpa, Currey, and cannot be explained as spores that have germinated. On the surface of the very young cups a few short hairs occur. The cells of the pseudo-parenchyma are about 7 to 5/m across. Habitat not given. DERMATEA. 339 Genus II. — Dermatea. Fries. Excipulurn somewhat corky, at first entirely closed, then from urceolate becoming expanded, often erumpent, scattered or crespitose, with the stems united into a common stratum ; sporidia large ; epiphytal. (Plate X. fig. 65.) Pycnidia and Spermogonia are found in some species. Name — Stpfia, leather; from the texture. Arrangement of the Species. a. Sporidia elliptic, 1 -septate . . . . species 1 B. Sporidia oblongo-elliptic (a) Sporidia simple . . . . . . „ 2, 3 (b) Sporidia becoming pseudo-septate „ 4-9 Key to the Species. Hymenium at first orange-red, then pale tan-colour : on pine-leaves . . . . . . . . . . nectrioides. Hymenium livid : on dead wood . . . . . . livicla. Hymenium cinnamon-yellow : on dead wood .. cinnamomm. Hymenium orange-yellow : on beech . . . . Fagi. Hymenium dirty-yellow, becoming brown : on Portugal laurel .. .. .. .. .. Houghton ii. Hymenium reddish-brown : on Ulex . . . . Ulicis. Hymenium rhubarb-colour : on wild rose . . . . rhabarbarina. Hymenium pale flesh-colour : on oak . . . . dryina. Hymenium reddish clay-uolour : on cherry . . Cerasi. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, 1 -SEPTATE. 1. Dermatea Ulicis. Cooke. Csespitose or scattered, substipitate ; cups at first turbinate, then open ; externally reddish-brown, fur- furaceous ; hymenium darker, concave ; asci cylindracec- clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, uniseptate, brown, 12 X 5/.*; paraphyses subclavate at the tips, and brownish. Dermatea Ulicis — Cooke in " Grevillea," iii. p. 186. On dead twigs of Ulex. Cups i to 1 line broad ; the colour of ground coffee. Name — Ulex, the genus to which gorse belongs; found on gorse. Shere, Surrey (Dr. M. C. Cooke). 310 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. B. SPORIDIA OBLONG-ELLIPTIC. (a) Sporidia simple. 2. Dermatea nectrioicles (no v. sp.). Gregarious or csespitose, erumpent, sessile, at first subglobose, then plane, orbicular, reddish-brown ; hyme- nium at first bright orange-red, becoming pale tan-colour ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or oblong, rounded at the ends, with one or two large guttulse, straight or slightly bent, 20 — 25 x 7//; para- physes filiform, slender, branched. On cones of Pinus sylvestris. Cups 300 to 500/* broad. The cups issue singly or in groups of two or three, through an elongated slit in the epidermis, which is usually black on the margin. They are at first globose, bright orange-red, shining, hardly to be distinguished from a Nectria ; at a later stage the disc becomes plane or convex and pale tan-colour.- It is a near ally of Dermatea conigena, Phil. Name — Nectria, a genus of fungi, etSog, resemblance. Barn Green, near Birmingham ! (Mr. W. B. Grove). 3: Dermatea dryina. Cooke. Cups sometimes single, sometimes three or four together, convex-plane, flesh-colour, \ a line diameter or less, erumpent; margin very slightly elevated or not at all; substance fleshy or rather tough ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, attenuated a little towards each end, straight or a little curved, 30 — 35 X 10 — 12^ (Cooke in litt.). Dermatea dryina — Cooke, " Grevillea," vii. p. 62. On oak bark. Cups \ a line broad at most ; sporidia larger than in D. carpinea. Name — Spvg, oak; found on oak. Near Hereford ! (Mr. M. C. Cooke). (b) Sporidia becoming pseudo-septate. 4. Dermatea livida. (B. and Br.) Minute, gregarious, often crowded, subhemispherical sessile olivaceous yellow; hymenium plane, margin DERMATEA. 341 whitish, externally minutely silky; asci subfusiform or clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or elliptic, with 3 to 4 distinct guttse, at length 1 to 3 pseudo-septate, 22 — 25 X 5/u. Patellaria livicla — B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 775; Cooke's "Handbk," No. 2167. Patellaria constipata — Blox., MSS. ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2176. Exs.— Cooke, " Fung. Brit," No. 578. On fallen firs. December. Cups \ to ^ a line broad ; greyish-white when dry. Name — Lividws, of a pale lead-colour. Gopsal Park, Leicestershire ! (Messrs. Berkeley and Broome). 5. Dermatea Cerasi. (Pers.) Solitary or subcsespitose, erumpent, at first tuber - culate, reddish clay-colour, then plane, blackish, with an elevated, subrepand margin, irregular; exterior rugose, sometimes sprinkled with a greenish meal ; hymenium brownish or blackish ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly oblong, straight or slightly bent, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 20 X d/ll ; paraphyses filiform, adherent, brown at the apices. Pycnidia intermixed with the above or separate, conical, coriaceous, furfuraceous, opening by a minute pore ; stylospores narrowly fusiform, elongated, curved or flexuous, 3 to 5 -septate, 40 x 2 — S/u; sterigmata fili- form, 20/* long. Spermogonia smaller than the pycnidia ; . spermatia filiform, curved, 13 to 16/z ; sterigmata filiform, branched, very short. Peziza Cerasi — Pers, " Tent. Disp. Meth," p. 35 ; "Syn. Fung," p. 673; " Myco. Eur," i. p. 329; "Icon. Pict," t. 20, f. 1 ; Grev, " Flo. Edin," p. 246. Cenangium Cerasi— Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 180; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 211; Berk, " Outl," p. 374; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2189 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 195. Dermatea Cerasi— De Not, "Disc," p. 18; Tul, "Select. Fung. Carp," iii. p. 156, t. 19, f. 13-16. o 42 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Form Sperm ogonia, Sphceria dubia — Pers., " Icon. Pict," iv. p. 48, t. 20, f. 1. Exs.— Berk., No. 161 ; Moug., No. 494 ; Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 665, ed. ii. 571; Rabh., "Herb. Myco.," ed. ii 517; Rehm, "Asco." 421; Roumg., "Stirpes," 265; Ellis, "N. A. Fungi," 989; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 659. On branches of wild cherry. Name — Cerasus, the genus to which the cherry belongs ; inhabiting cherry. 6. Dermatea cinnamomea. (D. C.) Solitary or caespitose, sessile or substipitate ; hyme- nium plane or convex, cinnamon-yellow, a little pul- verulent beneath ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong, rounded at the ends, unequal-sided, 2 to 3-guttulate, at length 1 to 3 pseudo- septate, 20 — 30 X 8 — 10/i; paraphyses fili- form, slender. (Plate X. fig. 65.) Peziza cinnamomea — D. C, " Flo. Fr.," p. 23 ; Pers.; "Myco. Eur.," p. 268; Fries, " Svs. Myco.," ii. p. 77; Berk., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1923; "Grevillea," x. p. 51. On maple bark. December. Name — Cinnamomum, cinnamon ; from the colour. Leigh Woods, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall). 7. Dermatea H 'ought onii. Phil. Solitary, more frequently csespitose, erumpent ; cups at first globose, then turbinate, base often combined into a common stroma, dirty yellow, becoming brown ; hyme- nium plane or convex, immarginate, pruinose; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, often un- equal-sided, greenish hyaline, 3-guttulate, becoming 2 to 3 pseudo-septate, 27 x 6 — 9/u ; paraphyses filiform, branched. Dermatea Houghtonii — Phil, in " Grevillea," vi. p. 24. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 144; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 660. On dead branches of Portugal laurel. Autumn. DERMATEA. 343 The cups break through transverse slits in the bark, forming elongated groups, arising from a common stroma ; within they are cinnamon-yellow. Name — After the Rev. W. Houghton. Lilleshall, Salop! (Rev. W. Houghton). 8. Dcrmatea rhabarbarina. (Berk.) Minute, scattered, erumpent, plane or slightly convex, clothed with tawny meal ; flesh rhubarb-colour ; asci clavate, broad ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, with one or more large guttse, at length 1 to 2 pseudo-septate, 16 — 20 x 5 — 7/x ; paraphyses numerous, clavate, brown at the apices, adherent. Peziza rhabarbarina — Berk., "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 197. Patellaria rhabarbarina — Berk., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. *89; and "Outl.," p. 373; Cooke, " Handbk.," Xo. 2164. Pezicula rhabarbarina — Tul., "Select. Fung. Carp," iii. p. 183; Fckl, " Symb. Myco.," 278. Peziza ardenensis— Mont., "Ann. Sc. Nat," 1836, p. 287, t. 13, f. 5. Hdotiwm rabi — Spree in Rabh, "Fung. Eur," exs. 717. Pezicula Bosa? — Sacc, " Myco. Ven. Sp," 1513. LachneUa rhabarbarina — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan," p. 365. Exs.— Rav, No. 46 ; Berk, 271 ; Lib, No. 231 ; Rabh, " Fung. Eur," No. 717, nov. ed. No. 223 ; Fckl, " F. Rh," No. 2075 ; Phil, " Elv. Brit," No. 91 ; Sacc, " Myco. Ven. Sp," No. 1513 ; Rehm, " Asco," No. 355 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2122; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," ed. ii. 656. On dead branches of the wild rose. The whole branch is sprinkled with minute scattered dots, resembling the shield of a Lichen, fixed by a single point into the bark, so that where they have been rubbed off a little hole is seen in the bark with raised edges, filled with the bright rhubarb-coloured flesh of the base of the cup, which can scarcely be called a stem. The disc is darker when dry, and quite flat, with a very narrow border; but when moistened it often becomes convex, and is then of an ochraceous hue, bordering on ferruginous (Berk, " Eng. Flo."). 344 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — Rhabarbarum, another name for Rheum, the genus to which rhubarb belongs. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Hencott, neai Shrewsbury ! 9. Dermatea Fagi (nov. sp.). Erumpent, the orbicular or elliptic groups 1 to 8 lines across, splitting the epidermis ; cups plane or slightly convex, mostly immarginate, when moist orange-yellow, when dry ferruginous-yellow, pruinose, densely crowded on an evident stroma; stem when present stout, con- tinuous with the stroma ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, filled with coarsely grained protoplasm, sometimes becoming muriform, 18 — 23 x 9 — 12/*; paraphyses slenderly filiform, abundant. Stylospores oblong-elliptic or elliptic, 10 — 20 x 7 — 9/*; produced on the surface of the stroma in tufts between the cups on clavate sporophores. On Fagus sylvatica. The cups are \ to J a line broad. The coniclia are produced in such a quantity as to form a pale stratum visible under a pocket lens. I am not aware that they have been observed in any other species. Name — From the tree on which it grows. Kingcausie, near Aberdeen ! 1880. Genus III. — Cenangium. Fries. Receptacle closely shut, at length more or less open, raarginate, with a thick epidermis of a different colour ; hymenium even, persistent ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, oblong, fusiform or filiform. Pycnidia immersed, conical, unilocular ; stylospores ovate or slenderly fusiform. (Plate X. fig. 66.) The receptacles are erumpent, sessile or subsessile ; their exterior coriaceous or membranaceous, the interior somewhat grumous. Pycnidia have not been observed in all. CENANGIUM. 345 species 1 2-4 5 6,7 8,9 »5 11 Name — ksvoq, empty, ayyog, a vessel ; from the hollow receptacle. Arrangement op the Species. a. Sporidia elliptic. (a) Sporidia septate (b) Sporidia simple b. Sporidia oblong c. Sporidia linear- fusiform or filiform r>. Sporidia clavate . . . . . . . . „ Key to the Species. Externally glabrous Externally more or less powdery Hymenium black, margined, snbstipitate : on birch Hymenium nearly black, scarcely margined, sub- . . stipitate ' 1 Hymenium blackish-brown, margined, sessile I Hymenium pale cinereous ; margin fimbriate, con- ^ nivent, turbinate [Hymenium whitish cinereous n j Hymenium yellowish . . ' j Hymenium brown (Hymenium black /Externally rugose, powder reddish 3. margin lacerated \ Externally even, powder whitish 1 2 ser/'atum. prunastri. subiiitidum. Bibis. fuliginosum. 3 plixosporum. Rubi. ferruginostim. pulveraceum. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC. (a) Sporidia septate. 1. Cenangium prunastri. Fries. Ca^spitose, erumpent, substipitate or subcylindrical, united at the base into a common stroma, horny, smooth, blackish; hymenium plane or slightly concave, nearly black, submarginate ; brown within ; asci clavate.; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 1 -septate, 10 — 13 y 3 — 4/x ; paraphyses filiform, adherent, brown at the summits. Pycnidia associated on the same stroma with the above, awl-shaped, blackish, smooth, pierced for half their length with a cylindrical cell, opening at the summit ; stylospores fusiform, acute, curved, uniseptate, 15 x 2/x. (Plate X. fig. 66). Cenangium prunastri — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 180 ; « Eng. Flo.," v. p. 211 ; Berk., " Outl.," p. 374 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2190. Peziza prunastri — Grev., " Flo. 346 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Edin," p. 425. Dermatea prunastri — Fries, "Sum. Veg. Scan," p. 362 ; Fckl, " Symb. Myco," p. 267. Exs.— Berk, 162; Fckl, "F. Rh," 1126; Rehm, " Asco," 213. On branches of sloe. Name — Prunus, the genus to which the plum belongs. Port Hill, Shrewsbury ! (b) Sporidia simple. 2. Cenangium phceosporiini, Cooke. Scattered, erumpent, clove-brown, shortly stipitate ; externally rather delicately furfuraceous, attenuated downwards into the darker stem ; margin a little in- curved ; hymenium nearly of the same colour ; asci elon- gated, clavate ; sporidia 8, uniseriate, smooth, clear brown, broadly elliptic, 12 x 8 /u ; paraphyses thick, clavate, brown above. Cenangium phceosporum — Cooke in " Grevillea," xii. p. 44. On sycamore bark. About J a line broad. Name — tyaiog, dusky, airopoc, seed. Exeter ! (Mr. E. Parfitt). 3. Cenangium ferruginosum. Fries. Gregarious or csespitose, subsessile, at first nearly globose, then subturbinate, coriaceo-membranaceous, rugose, coated with a reddish-brown powder, at first closed, then opening at the summit by an irregular aperture ; hymenium yellowish or olive-brown ; margin when dry inflexed; pale cinereous- white within; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or elliptic -fusi- form, obtuse, colourless, 12 x 5/x ; paraphyses filiform, simple. Pycnidia associated on the same stroma with the above, small, conical ; stylospores narrowly ovate, 9—10 X 2— 3/x. Cenangium ferruginosum — Fries, in " Vet. Ak. Handl," 1818, p. 361 ; " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 187 ; " Elench.," CENANGIUM. 347 ii. p. 23; " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 364; "Eng. Flo.," v. 1». 212; Grev., t. 197; Berk., " Outl.," p. 374; Karst., " Symb.," p. 255 ; " Myco. Fenn.," p. 220 ; Tul, " Select. Funcr. Carp,"iii. p. 168; FckL, "Symb. Myco.," p. 269; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2194 ; Gill., " Champ," p. 193. Peziza abietis — Pers, " Syn. Fung," p. 671. Exs.— Fries, " Scler," No. 292 ; Rabh, " Herb. Myco," ed. ii. 508 (sub nom. Peziza pinicola) ; Karst, " Fung. Fenn," 662; Moug, 399; FckL, "F. Rh," 1122; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," Q(j'2, ed. ii. 195; Phil, "Elv. Brit," 44; Roumg, " Stirpes," 163. Name — Fevrugo, iron-rust ; from the colour. On branches of Pinus sylvestris. King's Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Hencott Pool, Shrewsbury ! 4. Cenangium subnitidum — Cooke and Phil. Gregarious, erumpent, turbinate, becoming patellate, blackish-brown ; hymenium marginate, depressed, then plane or convex, externally naked, opaque or somewhat shining; asci clavate-cylindrical ; sporidia 8, narrowly elliptic, curved, biguttulate, pale amber-colour, 15 x 5/i ; pycnidia conical or subspherical, often solitary ; stylo- spores slenderly fusiform, curved, hyaline, 10 — 15 x 1/u. Cenangium suhnitidum — Cooke and Phil, in " Gre- villea," iii. p. 186 ; " Scott. Nat," i. (new ser.) 86. Exs.— Phil, « Elv. Brit," No. 94. On dead fallen branches of alder. Disc \ to J a line broad. Name — Sub, somewhat, nitidus, shining. Trefriw, North Wales ! Forres ! (Dr. Keith). B. SPORIDIA OBLONG. 5. Cenangium pidveraceum. (A. and S.) Gregarious or crowded, stipitate, subglobose, then subhemispherical, blackish, clothed with a dense cinereous or whitish powder; hymenium concave, pallid-yellow; stem woody, blackish within; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong, 5 — 8 X 2fx ; paraphyses filiform. 348 BRITISH DISCOMYCETE^ .•j. Peziza pulveracea — A. and S., p. 342, t. 8, f. 2 ; Pers., " Myeo. Eur./' p. 327. Cenangium pulveraceum — Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 181. On dead stems of holly. Name — Pulvis, dust ; powdery. Trefriw, North Wales ! C. SPORIDIA LINEAR-FUSIFORM OR FILIFORM. 6. Cenangium fuliginosum. Fries. Gregarious or csespitose, crowded into broad patches, sessile or subsessile, erumpent, obovate, depressed at the summit and fibrillose-striate, coated with rusty powder, at length opening by a lacerated mouth, naked and fuliginous ; hymenium whitish cinereous, coriaceous-mem- branaceous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, linear- fusiform, acute, straight or curved, 4 to 8-septate, 50 — 70 X 2 — 3/u ; paraphyses filiform, sometimes branched. Pycnidia associated on the same stroma with the above, globose, smooth, blackish, at length opening by a pore at the summit ; stylospores linear-fusiform, straight or curved, 3-septate, 20 — 30 x 25/ui. Cenangium fuliginosum — Fries, " Elench.," ii. p. 23 ; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 212 ; Tub, " Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. 166, t. 20, f. 1-4 ; Berk., "Outl.," p. 374 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2193. Scleroderris fidiginosa — Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 216. Exs.— Moug., 889 ; Sommf., 191; Rabh., "Herb. Myco.," ed. ii. 710 ; " Fung. Eur.," 938 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn./ 336. Name — Fuligo, soot ; from the smoky colour. On branches of willow. Rockingham Forest (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 7. Cenangium seriatum. Fries. Gregarious or caespitose, erumpent through narrow transverse cracks in the bark ; cups globoso-depressed, at first closed, at length opening, horny, black, glabrous, arising, in company with the pycnidia and spermogonia, CENANGIU1I. 319 in a linear series from a thin black stroma ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, linear-lanceolate, acute at the ends, straight or curved, pseudo-multiseptate, 55 — 85 x 2 — 3/x. Spermogonia in the form of minute depressed tubercles, discharging by an apical pore the filiform - ianceolate spermatia, which are curved, and about 15 fi long. Pycnidia minute, slenderly conical, discharg- ing by a minute apical pore the linear-lanceolate stylospores, which are acute at the ends, curved, and about 30/x long. Cenangium seriatum — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 185 ; Duby, "Bot. Gall.," p. 736, No. 10. Peziza truncattda — Rebent., " Neom.," p. 383. Dermatea seriata — Tul., " Select Fung. Carp.," vol. iii. p. 160. Exs. — Mazerio, " Crypt. Gall.," ed. i. fasc. viii. (1829), No. 384 ; Lev. in Moug., " Stirp. Crypt.," iasc. xv. (I860), No. 1479. On Betula alba. The transverse cracks in the bark expose the linear series (J to 1 inch long) composed of the three forms, the ascigerous cups being rarest. Tulasne gives the sporidia as 35 — 45 x 3 — 4/x ; but in the Oxford specimen they are as given above. He says that long before the fruit can appear the linear series changes the natural colour of the white parchment-like bark to brown, and that underneath each (sorus) is a black linear ovate zone in the wood. Name — Series, an order, a row ; from the mode of growth. Ox lord ! (Mr. Baxter). D. SPORIDIA CLAVATE. 8. Cenangium Ribis. Fries. Csespitose, at first spherical, then turbinate ; stems connate, arising from a stroma-like tubercle, blackish- brown, nearly naked, at first closed, then opening with a fimbriate, connivent margin ; hymenium pale cinereous ; asci cylindrical, narrowed to an elongated base; sporidia 350 BEITISH DISCOMYCETES. 8, linear-clavate, obtuse at one end, acute at the other, at length 3 to 5-septate, 20 — 38 x 3*5 — 4*5ju; paraphyses filiform, slender. Pycnidia separate or united, sessile, nearly globose, glabrous, becoming fulvous, when dry cinereous-black, rugose ; stylospores nearly elliptic or oblong-ovate, straight, with two large nuclei, colourless, 7 — 11 X 3'5 — 4>fji ; sterigmata subulate, simple, about 2/z long. Peziza Ribesia — Pers., " Tent. Disp. Meth.," p. 35 and " Syn. Fung.," p. 672 ; A. and S., p. 344. Cenangium Ribis— Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 179; "Elench," ii. p. 21 " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 364 ; Tub, " Select. Fung. Carp.,' iii. p. 163, t. 19, f. 1-9 ; Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 267; B and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 585 ; Cooke, " Handbk.,' No. 2188. Tympanis Ribis— Wallr., " Crypt. Flo.," ii. p 431. Scleroderris ribesia — Karst., "Myco. Fenn," p. 215 Pycnidia : Sphceria Ribesia — Link., " Hand.," iii. p 376. Fuckelia Ribis — Bon., "Diss. Myco.," iv. p. 135. Exs. — Schm., exs. No. 75 ; Desm., " Crypt. Fr," ed. i 2013, ed. ii. 1613 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 929 ; Klotzsch. 345; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 727; Sommf., 189; Rehm " Asco," 422. On currant twigs. Name — Robes, the genus to which the currant belongs. Thame (Dr. Ayres). 9. Cenangium Rubi. (Fries.) Innato-erumpent, scattered or crespitose, somewhat horny, smooth, nearly plane, black ; hymenium becoming paler ; margin erect or incurved ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindraceo-clavate, 7 — 8 x o/u ; paraphyses filiform. Trochila Rubi — De Not., "Disc," p. 15. Excipula Rubi— Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 190; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 296; Grev, t. 334; Fckl, "Symb. Myco," p. 400. Cenangium Rubi — Berk, " Outl," p. 374; "Ann. Nat. Hist," No. 1924; Cooke, "Handbk," No. 2194. Mol- lisia atrata, var. Rubi — Karst, "Myco. Fenn," p. 202. Pyrenopeziza Rubi — Rehm, " Asco.," No. 416 ; Sacc, " Mich," i. p. 423. TYMPANIS. 351 Exs.— Fries, "Scl. Suec," No. 101; Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1964; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," ii. 196; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 2021; Phil., "Elv. Brit./' 43; Rourag., "Fung. Gal./' 1266. On dead raspberry-stems. Common. A doubtful Cenangium. Name — Rubus, a genus of Rosacea? ; from its habitat. Church Stretton, Salop ! Genus IV. — Tympanis. Toda. Csespitose or scattered, stipitate or sessile, black, at first closed, then open, concave or plane, naked or rarely mealy, firm, horny ; sporidia 8 or innumerable. Secondary fruit — pycnidia, spermogonia, or stylospores. (Plate XI. fig. 67.) On dead wood. Name — rvjunravov, a drum. Arrangement of the Species. a. Sporidia oblong-elliptic . . . . . . species 1 b. Sporidia linear-fusiform . . . . . . „ 2 c. Sporidia very minute, innumerable . . „ 3-8 Key to the Species. In linear series : on Hhamnus Frangula . . . . Frangulss, Gregarious or solitary : on Ligustrum vulgare . . ligustri. Scattered or caespitose : on Finns sylvestris . . amphlbola. Scattered or caespitose : on Larix Europseus . . laracina. Caespitose in elongated groups : on Crataegus . . conspersa. Caespitose in elongated groups : on Fraxinus . . Fraxini. Caespitose in rounded groups : on Sorbus aucuparia Aucuparix, Csespitose in rounded groups : on Alnus .. .. alnea. A. SPORIDIA OBLONG-ELLIPTIC. 1. Tympanis Frangulce. Fries. Gregarious or in linear contiguous series, turbinate - truncate, blackish, subcoriaceous ; hymenium plane, umber or olive-brown, when dry black; asci broadly cylindraceo-oblong, narrowed at the base; sporidia 4, oblong-elliptic, becoming 3 to 4-septate, 19 — 22x8/*; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged at the apices. '■' Pycnidia intermixed with the above, sphaeriaform, 352 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. opening by a minute pore ; stylospores oblong- ovoid, straight or curved, 25 X 6*5/i." Tympanis Frangulce. — Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 174 ; " Elench.," ii. p. 18 ; " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 400 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2183. Dermatea Frangulce— Tul, "Select. Fung. Carp./' iii. p. 161 ; "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1853, t. 16, f. 1-8. Pezicula Frangulce — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 279, t. 4, f. 46. Dermatella Frangulce — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 209. Exs. — Moug. and Nest., No. 887 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," No. 47; Rabh, "Herb. Myco.," ed. ii. No. 661; Fckl, " F. Rh," No. 764. On Rhamnus frangula. Name — Frangula, the specific name Rhamnus frangula. Shere, Surrey ; Highgate, Middlesex (Dr. Cooke). B. SPORIDIA LIXEAR-FUSIFORM. 2. Tympanis amphibola. (Mass.) Rarely subcsespitose, generally scattered or solitary, at first closed and subspherical, then open and concave, at length plane, slightly marginate or convex and im- marginate, rugulose, black ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 3 to 5-septate, 14 — 20 X 3 — 4^ ; paraphyses filiform, slender, simple or branched, slightly thickened at the apices. Spermogonia scattered, convex or subcorneal, minute ; spermatia oblong, simple, 3 — 5 x 1 — 1'5/ul. Phragmophora amphibola — Mass, " Framm," p. 13. Peziza amphibola — Nyl, " Pez. Fenn ," p. 66 ; Karst, "Mon. Pez," p. 168; Cooke, "Grevillea," i. p. 132. Tympanis amphibola — Karst, " Symb," p. 252 ; "Myco. Fenn," p. 230. Scleroderris amphibola — Gill, " Champ," p. 198. Exs. — Karst, " Fung. Fenn," p. 840 ; Winter, " Fungi Eur," 2960. On Pinus sylvestris. Name — a/uuplfioXog, put round. TYMPANIS. 353 Near Shrewsbury ! Found by Dr. Hall, locality un- known to me. C. SPORIDIA VERY MINUTE, INNUMERABLE. 3. Tympanis laracina. (Fckl.) Cups scattered or caespitose, erumpent, sessile, totally black, horny ; hymenium plane, margined ; asci cylin- draceo-clavate ; sporidia very minute, innumerable. Pycnidia rotund, closed, at length perforated, black, rugulose ; stylospores long, filiform, slender, curved, flowing out in a yellow gelatinous mass. Cenangium Laracinum — FckL, " Sys. Myco.," p. 270; " Grevillea," 2, p. 187. Exs.— Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 145. On bark of Larix Europazus. Name — Larix, the genus to which the larch belongs. Shrewsbury ! 4. Tympanis ligustri. Tul. Gregarious or solitary, erumpent, at first obtuse, then expanded into a marginate hymenium, substipitate, black, glabrous, betwe3n gelatinous and horny, pale within ; asci broadly cylindrical ; sporidia (?) innumer- able, very minute, ovate or ovate-oblong; paraphyses filiform, slender, numerous. Stylospores (conidia ?) diplodia-form, borne on filiform sporophores, intermixed with the asci and paraphyses. Tympanis ligustri — Tul., " Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 154 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2187. Tympanis saligna —Fries, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 176 (in part); B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 584 ; Berk, « Outl.," t. 1, f. 10 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 197. Cenangium ligustri — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 268. Exs.— FckL, "F. Rh.," No. 767; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," No. 229 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 461. On Ligustrum vulgare. Name — Ligustrum, the generic name of the host- plant. Lucknam, Wiltshire (Messrs. Berkeley and Broome). 2 A 354 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 5. Tympanis conspersa. Fries. Csespitose, in round or elongated erumpent groups ; cups substipitate, truncate-turbinate, black; hymenium plane or slightly concave, submarginate ; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia (?) innumerable, extremely minute ; paraphyses filiform, slender, enlarged and brown at the apices, adherent. Spermogonia usually intermixed with the above, conical or obconical, black ; spermatia very minute. (Plate XL fig. 67.) Tympanis conspersa — Fries, " Sys. Myco," ii. p. 175 ; "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 211; Grev., t. 338; Berk., " Outl," p. 374 ; Tul., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," xx. (1853) t. 16, f. 15, 16 ; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2186; Karst., "Myco. Fenn.," p. 226 ; Gill, " Champ.," p. 197. Exs.— Fries, " ScL Suec," Nos. 12 and 171 ; Berk., No. 160. On Pyrus, Crategus, etc. Name — Conspersus, sprinkled ; distributed on the wood. Bagley Wood, near Oxford ! (Mr. Baxter). 6. Tympanis Aucuparice. (Pers.) Csespitose, black, sprinkled with whitish meal, at first spherical, then elongated, somewhat cylindrical, arising from a common stroma, closed, at length open at the apex ; hymenium concave, blackish, marginate ; asci clavate ; sporidia innumerable, extremely minute ; para- physes filiform, slender, slightly enlarged at the summits, brown, adherent. Spermogonia resembling the early stage of the above ; spermatia extremely minute, borne on slender branched sterigmata. Bphceria Aucuparice — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 51 ; A. and S., p. 25. Cenangium Aucuparice — Fries, " Stys. Myco." ii. p. 181; "Eng. Flo," v. p. 212; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2191. Peziza Aucuparice — Grev, " Flo. Edin," p. 426. TYMPANIS. 355 Exs. — Moug. and Nest., No. 789. On dead branches of mountain ash. Name — Aucuparia, the specific name of Pynis aucuparia, on which it grows. Craiglockhart (Dr. Greville). 7. Tympanis Fraxini. (Schwz.) Csespitose, in elongated erumpent groups ; cups sub- sessile, turbinate-truncate, shining, black ; hymenium plane, rugose, marginate; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia(?) innumerable, extremely minute ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Peziza Fraxini — Schwz., " Synop.," No. 1262. Tym- panis Fraxini — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 174 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 210 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2185. Cenan- gium Fraxini — Tul., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1853, p. 140. Exs.— Libert, No. 1029 ; Roumg., " Fung. Gal.," 1272. On branches of ash. Winter and spring. Name — Fraxinus, the generic name of the host- plant. Appin (Capt. Carmichael). 8. Tympanis alnea. (Pers.) Csespitose, bursting through the bark in rounded groups, shortly stipitate, brownish -black, somewhat horny ; hymenium plane or slightly concave, sub- marginate ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia (?) in- numerable, extremely minute ; paraphyses filiform, slender, adherent, brown at the summits. Spermogonia intermixed with the above, subcorneal or oblong-ovate, opening by a minute pore. Spermatia extremely minute, born on slender branched sporo- phores. Peziza alnea — Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 673 ; " Myco Eur.," p. 325. Tympanis alnea — Fries, " Sys. Myco. " ii. p. 174; "Elench.," p. 18; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 210; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2184 (in part.) Cenangium alneum — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 271 (?). 356 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Exs. — Sommf., No. 191. On alder. Name — Alnus, the genus to which alder belongs. Appin ! Genus V. — Crumenula. De Not., " Disc," p. 9. Cups superficial, globose, dehiscing with a rounded, entire, or lacerated mouth, when dry closely pressed together; excipulum coriaceous, exceeding the thickish concave hymenium ; asci from the slender base nearly cylindrical, 8-spored ; paraphyses filiform ; sporidia acicular, continuous or septate, delicate hyaline-yellow. (Plate XL fig. 68.) Inhabiting branches of shrubs. Name — Crumena, a purse ; from its shape. Key to the Species. On vaccinium . . . . . . . . . . . . urceoliformis. On Calluna vulgaris: sporidia septate . . . . callunigena. On Calluna vulgaris : sporidia longer and not septate . . . . . . . . . . . . Ericas. On Arbutus Uva-Ursi . . . . . . . . . . Ledi. 1. Crumenula urceoliformis. Karst. Scattered, generally solitary, erumpent, sessile or subsessile, nearly globose, blackish, brown-furfuraceous, becoming concentrically sulcate and naked, at first closed, then opening with a connivent mouth; disc pale cinereous ; asci cylindrical, narrowed at the base ; sporidia 8, fili- form, 65 2/x ; paraphyses filiform, forked at the apices. (Plate XL fig. 68.) Peziza urceoliformis — Karst., " Mon. Pez.," p. 172. Crumenula urceoliformis — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 213 On dead stems of Vaccinium Vitis idea. Name — Urceolus, a little pitcher, forma, shape. Grantown, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). 2. Crumenula callunigena. Karst. Cups solitary, nearly globose, sessile, brownish-black, naked, striate, mouth connivent; asci cylindrical, with a CRUMENULA. 357 slender base ; sporidia 8, filiform, very often attenuated at both ends, straight, colourless, simple or slenderly 3-septate, 40 — 60 X 25/z ; paraphyses crowded, apex slightly and unequally thickened. Peziza callunigena — Karst., "Mon. Pez.," p. 171. Crumenula callunigena — Karst., " Symb.," p. 251 ; "My co. Fenn.,"p. 212. On branches of Calluna vulgaris. Autumn. Cups '6 mm. broad. I have found this abundantly on decaying branches of Calluna vulgaris, and the cups are invariably seated on a blackish-brown tapesium, re- minding one of Tapesia Mosce (Pers.), to which it bears some resemblance. Name — Calluna, a genus of Ericacece, gigno, to bear. Near Clunbury, Salop ! 3. Crumenula Ericce. (Fries.) Solitary, sessile, coriaceo-membranaceous, brownish- black ; externally rugose ; mouth compressed, connivent ; asci cylindrical, narrowed at the base ; sporidia 8, fili- form, 90 X l'Ofi ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Pycnidia similar to the above ; stylospores cylin- draceo-fusiform, curved, at length uniseptate, 16 X 2/u. Cenangium Ericce — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 188. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit/' No. 194. Neither Renin's "Asco.," No. 466, nor Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," 1445. On dead branches of Calluna vulgaris. Name — Erica, a genus of heaths ; from its habitat. Hadnall, Salop ! 4. Crumenula Lecli. (A. and S.) Scattered, superficial, sessile, at first closed, and nearly spherical, then depressed at the top, at length hemi- spherically collapsed, and opening with a broad mouth, rugulose, black; asci subcylindrical (sporidia not seen); p 1 4 2 3 388 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 4. 5- 6. I Hymenium brownish or cinereous : on Rubus Hymenium pale fuliginous : on Finns Hymenium .-traw- coloured: on Vaccinium Hymenium dirty-yellow : on Quereus Hymenium pallid, livid, or yellowish : on Quereus Hymenium whitish : on Rubus Hymenium whitish : on Ilex > Hymenium whitish : on Quereus Hymenium sooty-black: on Vaccinium Hymenium pale brown: on Arctostaphylos Hymenium cinereous : on Pinus ^Hymenium black : on Juniperus |On the stems . . . . . . \On the leaves . . |Hymenium fuliginous : on Campanula \Hymenium red-brown : on Clinopodium jHymeniuni brownish or cinereous: on Caltha \Hymenium dingy-brown : on various plants striatum. Pini. leptideum. dentatu m. coronatum. Rubi. 1 Ucis. minutissimum. Vaccinii. Arctostaphyli. abietinum. tetrasporum. 5 6 radians. simulatum. Calthse. repandum. A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC OR SUBELLIPTIC. (a) Brovm. 1. Phacidium tetrasporum. Phil, and Keith. Epiphyllous, ermnpent, circular or oblong, convex, cinereous, seated on a brownish-yellow spot, splitting irregularly into 3 or 4 lacinias ; hymenium black on the surface, brownish-yellow within; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 4, elliptic-ovate, with a septum near the lower end, often with a papilla, brown, 25 — 28 x 17/z ; paraphyses numerous, filiform, with brown, pear-shaped heads, septate. Phacidium tetrasporum — Phil, and Keith, in Garcl. Chron., 1880, Sept. 4, t. 56 ; "Scott. Nat.," vi. 164. On the upper side of juniper-leaves while yet green, simulating a Puccinea. About J a line broad. Name Ttrpag, four, enropog, seed ; four-seeded. Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). (b) Hyaline. 2. Phacidium radians. Rob. Erumpent, black; receptacles minute, rounded or oblong, globose, then flattened, solitary and scattered, or niACiDiUM. 389 confluent in radiating lines ; hymenium fuliginous ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or obovate, straight or slightly curved, 7-10 x 3/4 ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Phacidium radians — Rob. in Desm, " Crypt. Fr." ; Desm, « Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1842, p. 116 ; Karst., " Symb," p. 257; Cooke, " Grevillea," ii. p. 165; Kickx., "Flo. Flan./' i. p. 459; Gill., "Champ.," p. 168. Trochila radians — De Not., "Disc," p. 16. Leptotrochila radians — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 245. Exs. — Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," ed. i. 1350, and ed. ii. 750 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 845. On living leaves of Campanula patula. Name — Radius, a sunbeam; from growing in radiating lines. Near Worcester (Mr. Edwin Lees). 3. Phacidium minutissimum. Awd. Hypophyllous, gregarious, minute, innate, round or angular, brown, soon splitting from the centre into 3 to 4 lacinise, exposing the whitish hymenium ; asci minute, clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 7 X 4/4 ; paraphyses filiform, scarce. Phacidium minutissimum — Awd. in Rabh, " Fung. Eur.," 228; Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 263; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2267; Sacc, "Mich," vol. ii. p. 537; Fresen, " Beitr," t. viii. f. 17-19 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 167, c. i. Exs.— Rabh, " Fung. Eur," 228 ; Fckl, " F. Rh," 1098. About 100 to 150/z broad. On oak-leaves. Name — Minutus, minute ; very minute. Shere ! (Dr. Capron). 4. Phacidium Vaccinii. Fries. Erumpent, minute, convex, shining, rugose, splitting into 4 laciniaB ; hymenium sooty black ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 10 x 4/4 ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Spermogonia : spermatia simple, cylindrical, straight obtuse, 10—13 x 2—2-5/4. o 90 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. Phacidium Vaccinii — Fries, "Sys. Mvco.," ii. p. 575; Berk., " Eng. Flo./' v. p. 292 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," 2264 ; Fckl., " Syinb. Myco," p. 261 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 170. Xyloma erumpens — Fries, " Obs.," i. p. 202. Exs.— Fries, " Scl. Suec," 289 ; Fckl., " F. Eh.," 1029. On leaves of Vaccinium Vitis Idcea. Name — Vaccinium, the generic name of the plant on which it grows. Near Berwick (Dr. Johnston). Stiperstones, Salop ! 5. Pkacidium simulatum. B. and Br. Erumpent, linear, cup-shaped, margin irregular ; hymenium linear, red-brown ; asci cylindraceo-clavate, sporidia 8, obovate, 2-guttulate, 10 X 45^; paraphyses filiform, enlarged at the apices. Phacidium simulatum — B. and Br., in "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 967, t. 16, f. 20 ; Cooke, " Handbk./'No. 2273. On dead stems of Clinopodium. Name — Simulo, to counterfeit ; resembling another. Langridge, Somerset ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). 6. Phacidium Ilicis. Lib. Subinnate, convex, black, dehiscing into 3 to 5 laciniae, hymenium whitish ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly elliptic, 2-guttulate, 10 x S'5/x ; paraphyses filiform, stout. Stylospores : stroma containing 3 to 5 cells, orbicular, plane, black, shining, penetrating the matrix, splitting into 3 to 5 lacinise; stylospores cylindrical, straight, 13 X 2u. Phacidium Ricis — Lib., Exs. No. 64; Fresen., "Beitr.," t. 8, f. 17-21 ; Tul., " Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 138, t. 15, f. 1-8; Cooke, "Handbk.," 2272 ; Gill., "Champ.," p. 166. Phacidium multivalve — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 576 ; Sphceria bifrons — Sow., t. 316. Stylosporous stage : Ceuthospora phacidioidcs — Grev., t. 253 ; Berk, " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 283. Cytisporafoliicola — Lib., exs. No. 64. Exs. — Moug. and Nest., 560 ; Desm., No. 1626 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," ed. ii. 450. PIIACIDIUM. 391 On dead holly-leaves. Name — Ilex, holly ; growing on holly. Common ! B. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM OR SUBFUSIFORAL 7. Phacidiam Calthce. Phil. Hypophyllous, congregated or confluent on blown spots, innate, then erumpent ; hymenium plane or convex, brownish or cinereous; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong -fusiform or subclavate, 2-guttulate, 15 — 20 x 5 — 7 jul ; paraphyses filiform, occasionally forked at the apices. Phacidium Calthce — Phil, in "Grevillea," viii. p. 103. On decaying leaves of Caltha palustris. Autumn. About ^ to f of a line broad. The epidermis of the leaf forms an indistinct margin, or altogether disappears, leaving the disc exposed. Name — Caltha, the generic name of the plant on which it grows. Scotland ! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Ruyton-of-the-Eleven- Towns, Salop ! 8. Phacidium Arctostaphyli. Karst. Subgregarious, innate, then erumpent, splitting the epidermis into about five equal, acute, spreading lacinise ; hymenium convex, pale brown, when dry black ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform or oblong-fusiform, straight or curved, with two large guttse, 18 — 22 X 4 — o/u ; paraphyses filiform, coherent, becoming brown at the apices. Phacidium Arctostaphyli — Karst., " Symb." p. 256. Propolis phacidioides — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 372. Stictis phacidioides — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 198 ; Berk., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," 162 ; Cooke, " Handbk," 2231. Sphceria arbuti — Sow., t. 370, f. 6. Trochila phacidioides — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 249. Exs.— Fries, " Scl. Suec," 297 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 843. On leaves of A rctostaphylos Uva- Ursa. 392 BEITISH DISCOMYCETES. Name — From the plant on which it grows. Lubcroy, Sutherland shire (Mr. C. Babington). 9. Phacidiwm abietinum. Schmidt. Erumpent, subrotund, convex, then depressed, black, splitting into 3 to 4 obtuse lacinise ; hymenium cinereous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, 10 — 14 X 4'5/x ; paraphyses filiform, slender. Phacidiwm abietinum — Schmidt in " Myco. Heft.," i. p. 35 ; Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 576 ; FckL, " Symb. Myco.," p. 262; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2268; Gill., " Champ.," p. 165. Exs. — Roumg., " Fung. Gal.," 659. On fallen leaves of Scotch pine. Orbicular, \ a line broad. Name — Abies, the generic name of the tree on which it was first found. Scotland (A. Jerdon). Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). 10. Phacidiwm striatwm. Phil, and Plow. Scattered, orbicular, rugose-striate, splitting into 5 to 6 lacinise ; hymenium fuliginous ; asci clavate, attenuated towards the summit ; sporidia 8, lanceolate, simple or 1 -septate, 25 — 30 X 2 — 4/* ; paraphyses filiform, curved at the apices, numerous. (Plate XII. fig. 76.) Phacidiwm striatum — Phil, and Plow, in " Grevillea," xiii. p. 75. On dead stems of Rwbws. About \ a line broad ; resembling externally P. rugosum, Fries, but with totally different sporidia. Name — Stria, a furrow ; marked with lines. Dinmore, Herefordshire ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). C. SPORIDIA FILIFORM OR SUBFILIFORM. 11. Phacidiwm Pini. (A. and S.) Scattered or crowded, erumpent, subrotund, hemi- spherical, depressed, at first closed, shining, black, at length splitting into obtuse lacinise ; hymenium pale fuliginous; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, filiform, PHACIDIIBI. 393 acute at the ends, 5 to 9 pseudo-septate, 80 X 4// ; para- physes filiform, simple, clavate at the apices, adherent. Spermogonia intermixed with the above, punctiform, black, acutely umbonate ; cavity simple, sinuose, narrow ; spermatia filiform, slightly bent, about 10 X 1/u. Xyloma Pini — A. and S., " Consp," p. 60, t. 5, f. 8. Phacidium Pini — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 573 ; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 292 ; Curr, " Linn. Trans.," xxiv. t. 25, f. 36 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2262 ; Tub, " Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 136; Fckl., "Symb. Myco," p. 263, t. iv. f. 31. Phacidium valvatum — Schmidt, " Myco. Heft.," i. p. 30, t. 2, f. 11. Coccomyces Pini — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 254. Exs.— Fries, " Scl. Suec," 62 ; Fckl., 1095 ; Roumg, Fung. Gal.," 1268. On bark of Pinus sylvestris. Name — Pinus, the generic name of the tree on which it grows. Common ! 12. Phacidium dentatum. Schmidt. Orbicular or subquadrate, plane, depressed in the centre, shining, black, seated on pallid spots, at length splitting into 4 or 5 acute lacinise ; hymenium dirty- yellow, somewhat livid ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, filiform, 80 X 2'5/i ; paraphyses filiform. Phacidium dentatum — Schmidt, "Myco. Heft.," i. 147; Fries, "Sys. Myco.," p. 577; Berk., "Eng. Flo.," v. p. 292 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 261 ; Corda, "Icon.," iii. f. 81 ; Tul., "Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 132; Cooke, "Handbk.," No. 2266 ; Gill., "Champ," p. 166, c. i. Exs.— Moug. and Nest, No. 561 ; Schmidt, No. 206 ; Fckl, " F. Rh," No. 1090 ; Ayres, No. 71 ; Berk, No. 93 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit," 458, ed. ii. 449 ; Roumg, " Fung. Gal," 68 ; Rav, " Fung. Am," 318. On fallen oak-leaves. About J of a line broad. Name — Dens, a tooth ; toothed. Common ! 394 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 13. Phacidiwm Rubi. Fries. Innate, roundish, hemispherical or plane, rugulose, black ; splitting into obtuse, unequal latinise ; disc whitish ; paraphyses curved at the tips ; sporidia linear, rounded at the ends with 6 to 8 nuclei. Phacidium Rubi — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 578 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 586 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2274. Exs.— Fries, " Scl. Suec.," No. 56; Rabh., "Fung. Eur.," No. 1028. On dead brarnble-stems. Fries says " on leaves of Rabus Idceus." Gregarious, generally confluent, form and size variable, 1 to 2 lines broad, when fresh shining, when dry opaque. "The asci, paraphyses, and sporidia are just the same as in P. coronatum " (B. and Br., I. c). Twycross, Warwickshire (Rev. A. Bloxam). 14. Phacidium coronatum. Fries. Gregarious, often confluent, innate-emergent, orbicular, hemispherical-depressed, at first closed, when moist tumid, convex, smooth, shining, black, when dry collapsed, rugose, often umbonate, at length splitting into 5 to 10 acute, nearly equal lacinias ; hymenium pallid, livid, or yellowish ; asci cylindraceo-clavate, attenuated at the summit ; sporidia 8, fusoideo-filiform, straight or curved, pseudo-multiseptate, 45 — 70 X 2 — 3/u ; paraphyses numerous, filiform, simple, adherent, flexuous or circinate at the apices. Spermogonia intermixed with the above, punctiform, globose-depressed, unilocular, filled with spermatia, which are elongated, straight, colourless, about 65/m long. Phacidium coronatum — Fries, " Obs.," i. p. 167 ; in " Vet. Ac. Handl.," 1819, p. 108 ; " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 577 ; "Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 370; Berk., " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 292; Ditm. in Sturm., "Flo.," pt. iii. (1817), p. 127, t. lxiii. ; Grev., t. 52 ; Berk., " Mag. Zool. and Bot.," vol. i. No. 58, t. 15, f. 5; Corda, "Icon.," iii. p. 31, t. 5, f. 81 ; PHAOIDIUftl. 395 Curr., " Trans. Linn. Soc./' vol. xxiv. (1863), p. 155, t. xxv. f. 7; TuL, "Select. Fung. Carp.," iii. p. 134; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2265 ; Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 256 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 261. Peziza viridis— Bolt., 109. Exs.— Fries, 163 ; Schm., 82 ; Moug. and Nest., 559 ; Desm., "Crypt. Gal," fasc. 12, No. 570; Rabh., " Herb. Myco.," 716 ; Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," 652 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit." 457 ; Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1096 ; Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 340; Phil., " Elv. Brit.," 201; Winter, "Fungi Eur.," 2645. On fallen leaves of oak, poplar, willow, etc. About i to 1 line broad. Name — Corona, a crown ; crowned with a ring of lacinise. Common ! 15. Phacidium leptideum. Fries. Somewhat innate, depressed, plane, black, splitting into several acute lacinise ; hymeniuni straw-coloured ; sporidia 8, filiform, curved, hyaline, 86 x 3 — 4/x. Phacidium leptideum — Fries, " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 576 ; and " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 370 ; B. and Br., " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1830 ; " Grevillea," viii. p. 9. Phacidium quadratum — Schmidt., " Myco. Heft.," p. 32 ; Wallr., " Flo. Germ.," ii. p. 415. Coccomyces quadratus — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 255. Exs. — Karst., " Fung. Fenn.," 848 ; Roumg., " Fung. Gal. ," 543. On stems of Vaccinium myrtillus. Cups \ to 1 line broad ; asci cylindraceo-clavate, attenuated at the apices, 50 x 16^; sporidia 60 — 90 x 25/x (Karst., I.e.) . Name — \ztttoq, fine, ttSog, appearance ; a fine species. Scotland. 16. Phacidium repandum. Fries. Gregarious, innate, subrotund, pallid-green, at length black, splitting into unequal, obtuse laciniae ; hyme- nium dingy -brown ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, 396 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. acicular, straight or very slightly bent, 11 — 12 x 3/li ; paraphyses filiform. PJiacv Hum repandum — Fries in "Vet. Ac. Handl.," 1819, p. 108; "Sys. Myco," ii. p. 578; " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 293 ; Berk., " Outl.," 379 ; Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2269 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 169. Xyloma herbarum — A. and S., "Consp.," p. 65, t. 14, f. 6. Leptotrochila repandum — Karst., " Myco. Fenn.," p. 246. Exs.— Desm., "Crypt. Fr.," ed. ii. 1640; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 283 ; Rehm, " Asco./' 321 j Roumg., " Fung. Gal.," 835. On stems and leaves of various plants. Name — Repandus, bowed ; the lacinise bent back. Common ! Rejected Species. Phacidium carbonaceum, Fries, is Discella car- bonacea (Fries) — B. and Br., vide " Ann. Nat. Hist.," No, 426, t. xii. f. 8. Genus II. — Trochila. Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 367. Receptacle innate, at first closed, covered by the epidermis, membranaceous, subcoriaceous, erumpent, then splitting at the top irregularly. (Plate XII. fig. 77.) Name — rpox&og, a hollow running round the base of a column ; raised in the centre, surrounded by a depression. 1. Trochila craterium. Fries. Hypophyllous, scattered, blackish, at length deeply collapsed ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia very shortly oval, almost round, sometimes with a large gutta, 7'5/x long. Pycnidia : Stylospores minute, subglobose. (Plate XII. fig. 77.) Trochila craterium — Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan.," p. 367; Berk, "Outl.," 381 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 277 ; TEOCHILA. 397 Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2316 ; Tul., " Select. Fung. Carp.," ii. p. 180. Sphceria craterium — " Eng. Flo.," v. p. 277. Cryr>tospho3ria punctiformis, var. |3. Hederai — Grev., " Flo. Edin.," p. 362 ; Pers., " Syn. Fung.," p. 90. Pycnidia : Ifyxosporium paradoxum — De Not., "Micro. Ital," Dec. ii. f. 10. B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 439. Glceosporium Notarisii — Mont., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," 1849, xii. 296; Fckl, "Symb. Myco," p. 277 ; Rehm, " Asco.," 719. Exs.— Fckl, "F. Rh," 1113 and 1649; Baxt., 29; Ayres, 65 ; Moug. and Nest., 986 ; Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," 527 and 1720 ; Cooke, " Fung. Brit.," 180, ed. ii. 294 ; Roumg., " Stirpes," 169. On dead ivy leaves. Name — Cratera, a cup or goblet ; from its supposed resemblance to a cup. Common ! 2. Trockila Buxi. Capron. Hypophyllous, blackish, csespitose or scattered, split- ting into minute unequal lacinise ; sporidia oval, elon- gated, 10 — 12/x (E. Capron). Trockila Buxi — Capron in Cooke's "Handbk.," No. 2315. On box-leaves. Sporidia larger than in T. crceterium. Name — Buxus, the generic name of the box-tree, on which it grows. Shere (Dr. Capron). 3. Trockila Lauro-cerasi. (Desm.) Hypophyllous, orbicular, punctiform, hollow when collapsed, at length black, splitting into three acute lacinise ; asci cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, rounded at the ends, 8 — 12 X oju. Phacidium Lauro-cerasi — Desm., " Crypt. Fr.," exs., 188; Berk, "Eng. Flo," v. p. 293; Fries, " Elench," ii. p. 136 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 166, c. i. Trockila Lauro-cerasi —Fries, " Summa Veg. Scan," p. 367 ; Berk., " Outl, 398 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. 381 ; Fckl., " Symb. Myco," p. 277 ; Cooke, " Handbk," No. 2314 ; TuL, " Select. Fung. Carp./' p. 181 ; Sacc, " Mich./' vi. p. 83. Exs.— Desm, "Crypt. Fr.," 188; Moug. and Nest., 985; Ayres, No. 72;' Berk., 45; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," 179, ed. ii. 295 ; Fckl., "F. Rh," 1112; Roumg, "Fung. Gal.," 67 and 266; Sacc, "Mich.," vi. p. 83; Winter, "Fungi Eur," 2739 ; Rehm, " Asco," 622. On fallen laurel-leaves. Disc yellowish when moist. Name — The specific name of laurel (Cerasus Lauro- cerasus) on which it grows. Common ! Genus III. — Stegia. Fries. Perithecia orbicular, splitting horizontally; operculum deciduous (Berk.). (Plate XII. fig. 78.) Name — crrtyio, to cover ; the hymenium being covered by the perithecium. Stegia ilicis. Fries. Innate, operculum nearly plane, falling off, surrounded by a ring-like, whitish margin; asci linear; sporidia oblong, 12 x 4/x. (Plate XII. fig. 78.) Stegia ilicis — Fries, "Elench," ii. p. 112; Cooke " Handbk," No. 2313 ; Gill, " Champ," p. 172. Eustegia ilicis— " Eng. Flo," v. p. 280; Fckl, "Symb. Myco,' p. 264. Sphcer. concava — Sow, t. 317. Xyloma concava — Grev., " Flo. Eclin," p. 368. Exs. — Fries, " Scl. Suec," No. 417 ; Moug. and Nest, No. 82; Baxt, No. 77; Fckl, "F. Rh," 1589; Cooke, "Fung. Brit," No. 178, ed. ii. No. 293; Klotzsch, 431; Rabh, "Fung. Eur," No. 463. On holly-leaves. Name — Ilex, the generic name of the tree on which it grows. Common 1 ASCOMYCES. 399 Order IX.— GYMNOASCE^. Sadebeck.* Without a receptacle, or an indication of one only in the more highly developed genera ; asci either single or in little tufts, arising from widely creeping hyphre j or more or less closely crowded together into hymenia; or, lastly, arising from the terminal branches of copiously ramifying hyphse in pellets, which are covered with a lax mycelial veil. Name — yv/ivog, naked, cktkoq, a leather bottle; here meaning an ascus. Genus I. — Ascomyces. Mont, et Desm., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," ser. 3, vol. xi. p. 345 (1849). Parasitic on living plants ; asci not seated on a proper receptacle, but on the cuticle of the host-plant, closely pressed together in little tufts or extended layers, arising from the mycelium, which ramifies between the epi- dermal cells and the cuticle. Their effect is to cause the injured parts to change colour, to swell into blisters, and become much enlarged. The asci are very small, cylindrical, clavate, or subpyriform, and contain 8 (or more ?) sporidia. (Plate XII. fig. 79.) Name — aaicog, ascus, /mvicrig, a fungus ; fungi consisting of asci only. Arrangement of the Species. A. Perennial mycelium spreading through the intercellular spaces of the young shoots in spring. (a) Asci furnished with a stem-cell . . species 1-3 (b) Asci not furnished with a stem-cell „ 4 * Professor Sadebeck has contributed a revision of this order to Dr. Winter's new edition of Rabenhorst's " Cryptogamin-Flora von Deutsch- land," the arrangement of which is followed here as regards the genus Ascomyces. The order is not included in the Discomycetes in the work quoted. 400 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. b. The mycelium spreading only between the epidermal cells and the cuticle of the young shoots. (a) Asci furnished with a stem-cell . . species 5-7 C. Species the position of which is at present uncertain . . . . . . . . ?> 8> 9 Key to the Species. On trees . . • • • • • • • • . . 1 On herbaceous plants. . .. .. .. ..2 On leaves of Alnns glutinosus : sporidia 8 . . _ . . Tosquinetii. On female catkins of Alnus glutinosus : sporidia more than 8 . . . . . . . . • • • • Ami. On leaves of Juglans regia Juglandis. On bra iches and leaves of Betula alba . . . . turgidus. On leaves of Pyrus communis, Crataegus Oxycantha, and G. monogyuea . . . . . . . • • • bullatus. On young fruit of Prunus domestica, P. Padus, and P. spinosa Pruni. On leaves and branr-hes of Prunus avium, P. Cerasus, P. domestica, P. Chamxcerasus, aud Persica vulgaris, P. amygdalus, and P. communis deformans. Poteutill i Tormentilla Potentillaz. Trientalis Europeea Trientaltis. 9 /°Q " \On A. PERENNIAL MYCELIUM SPREADING THROUGH THE IN- TERCELLULAR SPACES OF THE YOUNG SHOOTS OF THE INFECTED PLANT IN SPRING. (a) Asci furnished ivith a stem-cell. 1. Ascomyces Pruni. (Tul.) On unripe fruit of Prunus domestica, spinosa, and Padus, deforming them ; asci oblong-clavate, rounded or truncate at the summit; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, about 6 x 4/x. Taphrina Pruni — Tul. in "Ann. Sc. Nat.," ser. 5, vol. v. p. 129; Johanson, "Vet. Ac. Handl," arg. 42, p. 32. Exoascus Pruni — Fckl., " Symb. Myco," p. 252; Sadebeck in Rabh., " Krypt. Flo./' p. 5, fig. 3. Ascomyces Prwni—B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1629; "Gre- villea," v. p. 62. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh.," 1081; Eunze, "Fung. Sel.," 167; Rabh., "Fung. Eur," 1167; Rehm, "Asco," 130; Thum, " Fung. Aus.," 504 ; Thum, " Mycoth. Univ.," 976. ASCOMYCES. 401 On fruit of Prim as Padus, P. domestica, and P. spinosa. June. Name — From the host plant. Bishop's Castle, Salop ! Sibbertoft (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). 2. Ascomyces deformans. Berk. Hypophyllous, rendering the matrix here and there bullate, sprinkled with a white powder; asci short, cylindrical ; sporidia elliptic, hyaline, 7 X 5//. Ascomyces deformans — Berk, in " Outl.," 376, t. i. f. 9, A, B ; and " Crypt. Bot.," p. 284 ; Cooke, " Handbk./' No. 2233. Exoascus deformans — Fckl., "Symb. Myco.," p. 252; Sadebeck in Rabh., "Crypt. Flo.," p. 6. Taphrina deformans — Tul., "Ann. Sc. Nat.," ser. 5, vol. v. p. 129. Exoascus Wiesneri — Rathey, "Oest. Bot. Zeit.," 1880, No. 7. Exs.— Fckl., " F. Rh," 2063 and 2275 ; Kunze, " Fung. Sel.," 168, 274; Winter, "Fungi Eur.," 2035; Rehm, " Asco.," 370. On living leaves of peach. June. Sadebeck says (I. c.) that this species produces the " witches' besoms " on Prunus Avium, P. Cerasus, P. domestica, and P. Ghamo3cerasus ; also the so-called " curl " disease of Persica vulgaris, P. Amygdalus, and P. communis. Asci 42 to 50/x long, 5 to 7/u broad ; the stem-cell 16/x or more high, 5/u, but mostly only 1*5 to 2/x, broad. Notwithstanding their pointed lower ends, the stem-cells do not force themselves between the epidermal cells, but are seated on them. Name — Deformo, to deform. 3. Ascomyces bullatus. B. and Br. Tufts punctiform, at length confluent, at first covered by the epidermis, which it raises in blisters ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, ovate or elliptic, subgelatinous, hyaline. Ascomyces bullatus — B. and Br. in Berk., " Out!.," p. 376; "Crypt. Bot,," p. 284; Cooke, "Handbk.,." 2 D 402 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. No. 2232; Gill., "Champ.," p. 201. Oidium bullatum — B. and Br., "Jour. Hort. Soc," ix. p. 51, with fig. Taphrina bullata — Tul., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," ser. 5, vol. v. p. 127; Johanson, "Vet. Ac. Handl.," 42, p. 33. Exoascus bullatus — FckL, " Symb. Myco.," nacht. ii. p. 49 ; Exs.— FckL, "F. Rh.," 2551; Thum, "Fung. Aus," 972 and 1056. On living pear-leaves. It also occurs on Crataegus Oxycanthus, and C. monogyna. April and May. The asci are 30 — 37 X S/u ; the sporidia 45/z (Sade- beck, I. c). Asci 15 — 25 x 10^ (Cooke, I. c). Name — Bullata, a blister ; blistered. Shrewsbury ! (b) Asci not furnished with a stem-cell. 4. Ascomyces Potentillce. (Farlow.) Decolorizing (to pale yellow-green) the branches and leaves, rendering the branches several times thicker than their natural size ; asci clavate, rounded or truncate at the summit, attenuated below into a slender, non-septate stem, continuous with the mycelium, which spreads through the intercellular spaces of the epidermis ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 5 — 8 X i/u. Exoascus deformans, var. Potentillce — Farlow, " Proc. Am. Ac. A. and S.," xviii. (1883), p. 84. Taphrina Tormentillce— Host., " Bot. Tid.," ser. 3, vol. iv. (1884- 1885), p. 239; Johanson, "Vet. Ac. Handl," 42 (1885), p. 29, t. 1, f. 2. On Potentilla Tormentilla, Scop. The asci in the Scottish specimen are truncate or rounded at the summit, and attenuated downwards more or less equally to a slender stem-like base, arising directly from the branching hyphse beneath the cuticle, 30 to 50/x high, 7 to 9/i in the broadest part, and 2/z in the narrowest part. The sporidia are confined to the broad upper half of the ascus, elliptic, and (as I measure them) 4 — 5 x 2— 2 5^. ASCOMYCES. 4.03 Craigiebuckler Wood, Aberdeen ! (Dr. James W. H. Trail). B THE MYCELIUM SPREADING ONLY BETWEEN THE EPIDERMAL CELLS AND THE CUTICLE. (a) Asci furnished with a stem-cell. 5. Ascomyces Tosquinetii. West. Producing blisters on the upper surface of the leaves ; asci cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate, round at the sum- mit, truncate at the base ; sporidia 8, spherical, 4 — 5 fi broad. Ascomyces Tosquinetii — West in " Bull. l'Acad. Belg.," ser. 2, vol. xi. p. 655 ; Phil, and Plow., " Grevillea," vi. p. 25 ; Gill., " Champ.," p. 201. Exoascus Alni — De Bary in Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 252. Taphrina alnitorqua — Tul., " Ann. Sc. Nat.," ser. 5, vol. 5, p. 130. Exoascus Tosquinetii — Sacc, " Mich.," iv. p. 433. Exs.— Fckl., "F. Rh.," 2276; Rehm's "Asco," 217; Phil., "Elv. Brit.," 150; Rabh, " Fung. Eur.," 1837; Thum, " Fung. Aus," 183 ; and ? Mycoth. Univ.," 81. On living leaves of Alnus glutinosus. July and August. Name — After M. Tosquinet. 6. Ascomyces Alni. B. and Br. Deforming the inflorescence ; sporidia numerous in each ascus. Ascomyces Alni — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1628 ; " Grevillea," v. p. 62 ; not Exoascus Alni — De Bary. Exoascus alnitorqua, form Alni incance — Kuhn in Rabh., " Fung. Eur.," No. 1616. Ascomyces Tosquinetii (West) — Kunze, " Fung. Sel.," 369. Exoascus Alni, De Bary, form strobilina — Thum. in Rehm's " Asco.," 518. Exs.— Rabh., ". Fung. Eur.," 1616; Kunze, "Fung. Sel.," 369; Rehm, " Asco.," 518. On female catkins oi Alnus glutinosus. Differs from other species in the asci containing more numerous sporidia, which are only 0002 to 0C03 inch 404 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. (5 to 7'6/u) long, whereas in A. bullatus they are 0004* inch (10/jl) (B. and Br., I. c). Name — From the name of the host plant. Dr. Masters. 7. Ascomyces turgidus. (Sadeb.) Producing "nests," or "witches' besoms," on birch, developing the asci in spring and summer on the under side of the leaves, on which the leaves at first curl up sinuously, lose the fresh green colouring of the healthy leaf, and on the breaking forth of the asci appear to be covered on the under side with a greyish- white hoariness. The asci are 46 — 50/x long, and about 15/x broad : they have a stem-cell 16 — 17^u high, and 15/x broad; they, however, diminish conically downwards and penetrate between the epidermal cells. The sporidia are 3 — ^ji in diameter. Exoascus turgidus — Sadeb. in Rab., " Crypt. Flo.," vol. vi p. 8. On Betula alba, both on the large trees and small ones. From the end of May to the middle of August. The occurrence of "witches' besoms " are by no means uncommon on birch in this country, and if they are pro- duced by this fungus, as Professor Sadebeck asserts, the species must be recorded here. C. SPECIES THE POSITION" OF WHICH IS AT PRESENT UNCERTAIN. 8. Ascomyces Juglandis. Berk. Hypophyllous, effused, snow-white on the nerves of the leaves ; sporidia ovoid, hyaline. Ascomyces Juglandis — Berk., " Outl.," p. 376 ; Cooke, ' Handbk.," No. 2235. Gymnosporium leucospovum — Mont., " SylL," p. 390. On walnut-leaves, Jugla.ndis regia. Name — From the tree on which it grows. ASCOMYCES. 405 9. Ascomyces Trientalis. Berk. Spots orbicular or irregular, arising from a reddish stratum. Ascomyces Trientalis — Berk, in Cooke's " Handbk," No. 2234. ' On Trientalis Europaia. Name — From the host plant. I am informed on very competent authority that nothing but Tubercinia trientalis is now to be found on Mr. Berkeley's original specimens, but this is no sufficient reason for suppressing the species, seeing with what diffi- culty specimens are preserved. ADDENDA. [By a provoking oversight, the following species and notes have been omitted/] Mollisia (Niptera) Curreiana (no v. sp.). Disc very dark bluish-grey, almost black, margined, round or irregular, not a line wide ; excipulum composed of small, distinctly outlined cells; sporidia colourless, narrowly turbinate, elliptic or curved, 8 — 10 X 2p. Patellaria palustris — Currey in " Linn. Trans.," xxiv. p. 155, t. 25; B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1080; Cooke, " Handbk./' No. 2173. On dead rushes in water. Cups f of a line broad; hymenium plane, margin distinct; asci cylindraceo-clavate, about bofi long by ojh broad. In the original specimen the cups are seated on a sooty-black space having the appearance of a tapesium. They much resemble Mollisia palustris (Rob.) in size, colour, and consistence. [It should stand next to M. epithallina, p. 173.] Paul's Cray ! (Mr. Frederick Currey). Lachnea (Scutellinia) setosa. (Nees.) Gregarious, sessile, concave, orange-colour ; clothed externally with long, erect, brown hairs ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, narrowly elliptic, smooth, 20 x 3 0/x; para- physes filiform, subclavate at the apices. Peziza setosa— Nees, " Sys.," p. 260, f. 275 ; Fries, ADDENDA. 407 " Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 87 ; Weinm., p. 439 (?) ; Crouan, " Flo. Fin.," p. 52 ; Cooke, " Grevillea," iii. fig. 220 ; " Mycogr.," fig. 133. Humaria setosa — Fckl., " Symb. Myco.," p. 321. Exs.— Phil., "Elv. Brit./' No. 161. On rotten trunks. Autumn. Cups 2 J lines broad ; marginal hairs 400 to 500^u long, attenuated upwards, septate, brown. [It should stand next to L. scutellata, on page 222.] Name — Seta, a bristle or hair. Dovvnton, Salop ! Lachnella flammea. (A. and S.) Sessile, at first closed, subglobose, then expanded, cupulate, hemispherical, bright red; hymenium the same colour ; flesh firm, black ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, rounded at the ends, straight or slightly bent, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 10 — 15 x S/m ; paraphyses filiform. Peziza flammea — A. and S. in " Consp.," p. 319, t. 11, f. 7 ; D. C, " Flo. Fr.," p. 24 ; Pers., " Myco. Eur.," p. 252 ; Flies, "Sys. Myco.," ii. p. 96; Karst., "Pez. et Ascob.," p. 19 ; "Mon. Pez.," p. 186 ; "Myco. Fenn.," p. 151 ; Nyl., 4 'Pez. Fenn.," p. 28. Exs.— Kabh., " Herb. Myco.," ed. ii. No. 22 ; Karst., "Fung. Fenn.," No. 37; Phil., "Elv. Brit.," No. 72; Rehm, "Asco.," No. 418. On decorticated branches of Salix aurita. Cups about J a line broad ; consistence dry and firm ; hairs red and granular. [Its place is next to L. papillaris, p. 257.] Name — Flammea, a flame ; from the colour. Aviemore, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Calloria retrusa. (Phil, and Plow.) Minute, scattered, at first concealed by the epidermis, then erumpent, sessile, hemispherical or oblong, straw- coloured, smooth ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, biseriate, oblong-elliptic, 17 — 19 x 5^; paraphyses not seen. 408 ADDENDA. Peziza (Mollisia) retrusa — Phil, and Plow, in " Grevillea," iv. p. 122, t. 62, f. 6. Exs.— Phil, " Elv. Brit./5 No. 126. On larch-leaves. May. When dry this is found with difficulty, being con- tracted and concealed under a kind of lid formed of the ruptured epidermis, but when moist it is sufficiently con- spicuous under a pocket-lens. Name — Retrasus, hidden. Trefriw, North Wales ! Position doubtful. Peziza Browniana. Blox. Cups hemispherical, sessile, horny ; margin paler, ciliate ; disc pallid ; sporidia shortly fusiform, hyaline. Peziza Broivniana — Blox. in B. and Br.'s Notices, 1 Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 1072 ; Cooke's " Handbk.," No. 2102. On dead stems of Epilobium hirsutum. Twycross. Allied to P. lacustris. The sporidia are ("00045 in.) •011 mm. long. The colour is paler ; and, when perfect, the ciliated margin, which consists of delicate, flexuous, more or less interwoven hairs, is characteristic (M. J. Berkeley). The presence of delicate, flexuous hairs on the margin appears to ally this to Lachnella, but it is said to b« allied to Peziza lacustris, Fries, which has no hairs. Rejected species. Peziza (Tapesia) Bloxami — B. and Br., "Ann. Nat. Hist.," No. 566 ; Cooke, " Handbk./' No. 2071. No asci can be found in this, nor in a specimen found by me in North Wales. Peziza {Dasyscypha) friabilis — Phil, and Plow, in '■ Grevillea," iv. p. 121. This turns out to be a very abnormal form of a Scfonitzomia, which quite misled me. Peziza hispidula, Schrad. — Cooke, " Handbk.," No. 2044). ADDENDA. 409 So far as British specimens under this name that T have seen are concerned, they prove to belong to the genus Excijnda, Fries. Peziza Scirjn—T^hh., "Herb. Myco.," No. 730; Phil., "El v. Brit.," No. 183; Cooke, "Fung. Brit.," No. 375. [This should have been given as a synonym under Belonidium lacustre (Fries), p. 149.] GLOSSARY OF TERMS. -•«-»♦- Abbreviated, suddenly shortened. Acerose, linear and sharp-pointed, like a needle. Acicular, needle-shaped. Acuminate, coming gradually to a point. Adherent, sticking together. Adnate, attached, adhering by growth. Addressed, pressed together. jEruginous, verdigris-green colour. Agglutinate, glued together. Aggregate, crowded together. Alutaceous, tan-colour or buff. Amethyst, bluish-violet colour. Anastomosing, uniting in a network. Annulate, ringed. Apiculate, terminating in a sharp but short point. Apothecium, the organ of fructification which bears the asci, or hymenium, otherwise called the cup or the receptacle. Applanate, flattened out or horizontally expanded. Areolce, spaces distinctly marked out on a surface; small cells or cavities. Areolate, covered with areolae. Argillaceous, clay-colour, light brownish ash-colour. Articulate, jointed. Ascending, attaining a vertical position. Asci, cells containing the sporidia ; otherwise called thecce. Ascigerous, furnished with asci. Ascus, singular of Asci. Attenuated, tapered, gradually diminished in size. Auraritiacus, pale orange-colour. Bay, reddish-brown, inclining to chestnut-colour. Bi- (from the Latin bis, twice), a prefix denoting twice or double; as ^'seriate, in a double series. Biguttulate, furnished with two guttulas or drops. 412 GLOSSARY OF TEEMS. Bistre, or Bister, blackish- brown. Bidlate, blistered, rising into convex prominences. Byssoid, like fine flax or cotton wool ; of a finely filamentous structure. Coespitose, growing in tufts, crowded into turf-like patches. Campanula.te, bell-shaped. Capitulum, a little head. Carbonaceous, black like charcoal, hard and black as if charred. Catdicolw, growing on herbaceous stems. Cellular-tissue, tissue composed of cells. Cellulose, furnished with little cells ; in its more restricted meaning it indicates the substance of which the cell- wall is composed. Celluloso-plicate, folded so as to form small cells. Cilia, plural of cilium, an eyelash. Ciliated, furnished with cilia, fringed with hairs. Cinereous, or Cinereus, ash-colour, intermediate tint between black and white. Cinnabar ine, scarlet tinged with yellow, vermilion. Cinnamorneus, of a bright brown colour. Cinnamon, a bright brown, the colour of cinnamon bark. Circinate, rolled inwards from the summit towards the base like a crozier. Citron-colour, pure yellow, lemon-coloured. Clavate, club-shaped. Clove-brown, dark brown, the colour of cloves — the dried flower-buds of CaryopTiyllus. Cochleate, shaped like a snail-shell. Collapsing, falling together, as of the sides of a hollow vessel. Compressed, pressed or squeezed together. Concatenate, linked together, united in a continuous series. Concentrate, to bring to a common centre. Concentric, having a common centre. Concolorous, of one colour, similar in colour. Concrete, growing together, several parts united so as to form a solid body. Confluent, merging into each other, flowing together. Congregate, collected together in close proximity. Conical, cone-shaped ; in the form of a solid figure having a circular base, and its top terminating in a point. Conidia, minute cells produced by abstriction at the ends of filamentous cells. Conidiiferous, bearing conidia. Connate, growing together, growing from one base. Connivent, arching over to meet. Constricted, drawn together, bound, contracted. Contiguous, one part touching another. Continuous, one part passing into another without any break, some- times indicating an elongated cell without any septum. GLOSSARY OF TERMS. 413 Contorted, twisted together, twisted out of its ordinary form. Convex, rounded on the outer surface. Coriaceous, of a leathery consistence. Corky, of a corky consistence. Corrugated, wrinkled. Cortex, rind or bark. Costate, ribbed. Crenate, notched, any edge cut into rounded divisions. Crenulate, notched, indented on the edge. Cribrose, resembling a sieve or riddle, pierced with numerous holes, pitted. Crisped, curled, uneven with waving lines. Crowded, pressed together. Cruciate, having the form of a cross. Cruciform, same as Cruciate. Cup, the receptacle of fructification in the Discomycetes ; by some called the Apothecium. Cupulate, cup-shaped, formed like a little cup, slightly concave. L'upuliform. See Cupulate. Cya hform, cup-shapad, but more deeply concave than Cupulate implies. Cylindraceo-davate, intermediate in shape between cylindrical and clavate. Cylindrical, long, circular, and of equal diameter throughout. Cymbiform, boat-shaped. Cyst, a cell or cavity. Deciduous, falling off. Decurrent, running down. Deflexed, bending downwards, bending outwards and downwards ; the opposite of Inflexed. Deformed, disfigured, distorted. Dehiscing (dehisco, to gape), bursting open, splitting. Dentate, toothed. Denticulate, furnished with small teeth. Depressed, pressed down or flattened ; sometimes it means somewhat sunk into a concave form. Diaphanous, transparent, pellucid. Difformed, irregular in form, not uniform. Dilated, expanded and flattened out. Diluted, washy, pale, faint-coloured. Dimidiate, semi-orbicular. Disc, or Disk, the upper surface of a cup-shaped or plate-shaped receptacle bearing the fructification; generally synonymous with Hymenium. Disciform, shaped like a discus, or quoit. See Discoid. Discoid, round and flat like a coin. Discoloured, ap} e iring to have lost its colour, stained. 414 GLOSSARY OF TEEMS. Distinct, well marked, not to be confounded with another. Down, fine soft pubescence on the surface of anything. Echinulate, beset with short spines. Effused, spread out over the matrix, spread into a thin layer. Eguttulate, without drops. Ejected, thrown out, thrust out with force. Ellipsoid. See Elliptic. Elliptic, having the form of an ellipse, an oval rounded at the ends. Elongated, lengthened out. Endochrome, protoplasm of cells, cell-contents. Entire, not divided into parts, continuous. Epiphyllous, growing on a leaf. Epiphytal, living upon other plants. Epispore, the outer cell- wall of a spore. Equal, of the same dimensions, not lop-sided. Erose, gnawed, as if bitten irregularly. Erumpent, bursticg through the surface of the matrix in which it was embedded. Evanescent, soon vanishing. Excavated, hollowed out into a cavity. Excipulum, external layer of a cup, or a perithecium, sometimes used as a synonym for Receptacle, which see. Expanded, spread out, becoming less concave, as when a cup which is at first nearly closed, assumes a saucer-form. Exserted, thrust out, protruding beyond the surface. Farinaceous, mealy, covered with particles resembling meal. Farinose. See Farinaceous. Fascicle, a little bundle. Fasciculate, where several similar parts originate at the same spot, and so form a bundle. Fastigiate, when all the parts are nearly parallel, each pointing upwards. Fawn-colour, the colour of a young deer. Fenestrate, divided into compartments like a window. Ferruginous, the colour of rusty iron, reddish-brown. Fibril, a fine fibre or filament, hair-like appendage. Fibrillose, furnished with fibrils, clothed with little loose fibres. Filiform, thread-shape, cylindrical and slender like a thread. Fimbriate, fringed. Fistulose, hollow like a pipe. Flattened, pressed down, as when a sphere is depressed, or a cylindrical body has its opposite sides brought closer together. Fleshy, of the consistence of flesh. Flexuose, bending gently to and fro in opposite directions. Flocci, fine threads like wool. Floccose, furnished with a wool-like covering, resembling a flock of wool. GLOSSARY OF TERMS. 415 FloccnJose, minutely woolly. See Floccose. Forked, separating into two distinct branches which are more or less apart. Fragile, easily broken, frail. Friable, easily crumbled, easily reduced to powder. Fugaceous, flying or fleeting away, soon falling away. Fuliginous, sooty-brown, brown verging on black. Fulvous, tawny, the colour of a lion. Furfuraceous, coated with bran-like particles. Fuscescent, tending to become fuscous or thrown. Fuscous, or Fuscus, brown with a grey tinge. Fusiform, spindle-shape. Fuso-filiform, between fusiform and thread- shaped, very slenderly fusiform. Fusoid, spindle-shaped. Gelatine, the jelly-like fluid secreted by many fungi. Gelatinous, having the consistence of jelly. Glabrous, a surface wholly destitute of pubescence. Glaucous, sea-green, dull green with a whitish-blue lustre. Globose, nearly spherical. Globulose, same as globose. Granulate, Granulose, covered with small grain-like tubercles, made up of, or filled with, minute grains. Gregarious, growing in company like a flock of sheep, not solitary. Grumous, clotted, in clustered grains. Guttate, GuHulate, furnished with one or more spherical drops ; synonym for nucleate. As nucleus has now a special meaning, it has been considered better in this work to adopt the word gutta, guttse, and guttulate, instead of nucleus, nuclei, and nucleate in describing sporidia. Gyrose, folded and waved, or marked with wavy lines. Hemispherical, resembling half a sphere or globe. Hirsute, hairy. Hispid, furnished with rigid hairs. Horny, of the consistence of horn. Hyaline, more or less transparent like glass. Hymenium, the layer composed of the asci and paraphyses, the disc. Hypha, pi. Hijphce, the mycelial thread or threads from which the fungus arises. Bypocrateriform, formed like a goblet, the shape of a cylindrical cup the margin of which turns outward. Hypophyllous, seated on the under side of a leaf. Uypothecium, the cellular tissue immediately beneath the hymenium, often called the subhymenial tissue. Hysteria form, resembling an Hysterium, in the form of a long narrow ridge opening by a longitudinal slit at the top. 416 GLOSSARY OF TERMS. Immarginate, without a distinct margin. Immersed, originating beneath the surface of the matrix, or beneath the soil. Incised, cut. Incrassated, thickened. Indeterminate, undefined, without any distinct boundary. Inflated, swollen like a bladder, puffed out. Jnflexed, curved or bent inwards. Infundiouliform, funnel-shaped, a tube below and gradually enlarging upwards. Innate, born within, originating within the matrix or within the sub- stance of the plant. Innato-sessile, the base of the receptacle beneath the surface of the matrix, without a stem and somewhat immersed. Involute, rolled inwards ; applied to the margin of the cup when it is rolled inwards. Ir regular , not in a uniform line or circle, unsymmetrical. lacerated, torn. Laciniate, fringed. Lacunose, having little cavities, pitted. Lanceolate, shaped like the head of a spear, narrow and tapering at each end. lateritious, of a brick-red colour. Lentiform, lens-shaped. Linear, in a line, where the sides of a spore or other cell are parallel, and the length considerably longer than the breadth. Livid, pale bluish or leaden grey. Looate, Lohed, divided into lobes. Lurid, of a dingy brown. Lutescent, yellowish, pale yellow. Luteus, yellow, like the flowers of woad (Isatis tinctoria). Marginate, having a distinct margin. Matrix, anything on which a fungus grows. Mealy, covered with a scurfy powder. Membranaceous, thin, and more or less transparent. Mitrate, bonnet-shaped, a rounded and folded pileus. Moniliform, necklace-like. Mucous, slimy, of the consistence of gum. Multi-, a prefix indicating many; as wiwZfo'guttulate, having many guttulas. Muricate, rough with short points. Muriform, where the contents of a sporidium are arranged or divided like the masonry of a stone wall. Mycelioid, in the form of mycelium. Mycelium, the hyphse or filaments produced from fungus spores. GLOSSARY OF TERMS. 417 Navicular, boat-shaped ; a synonym of Cymbiform. Nigrescent, approaching a black colour. Nigricant, black. Nigro-punctate, marked with black points or dots. Nucleate, having nuclei. Nucleus, a homogeneous, roundish protoplasm -mass produced by the differentiation of the protoplasm of the cell.* See Guttulate. Obconic, conical, but having the apex downwards. Oblique, deviating from a right line, aslant. Oblong, a rectangle, which is longer than it is broad, but used here of sporidia which somewhat approach this form while rounded at the ends. Obtuse, blunt. Ocliery, the colour of ochre ; synonym for Ochraceous. Ochraceoas, Ochraceus. See Ocliery. Olivaceous, of an olive-green colour, orange and grey. Olive. See Olivaceous. Opaque, not transparent, not shining. Operculum, a cover or lid; applied to the membrane which is raised for the exit of the sporidia. Seen best in Ascobolus. Orange, the colour of an orange ; synonym of Aurantius. Orbicular, of a round form, circular. Ovate, shaped like an egg, somewhat broader at the base than the summit. Ovoid, synonym for Ovate. Pallid, pale, but undecided in colour. Papilla, a nipple-like protuberance, often consisting of a single cell. Papillate, covered with papillse, or ending in a papilla. Paraphyses, minute hyaline filaments surrounding the asci. Parenchyma, the cellular tissue forming the interior of the receptacle. See Pseudo-parenchyma. Patellate, Patelliform, shaped like a dish. Pellucid, transparent, not opaque. Peltate, formed like a pelta or shield, a shield supported in the middle on the point of a projecting body. Perithecium, a closed receptacle containing the hymenium, as in the genus Sphceria, being at length perforated by a pore at the summit. Persistent, enduring, remaining beyond the period of maturity, not soon decaying. Pileate, furnished with a cap, having a more or less enlarged head. Pilose, hairy. J-'lacentiform, a thickened circular disc, depressed in the middle both above and below. * Sach's "Text-Book of Bot.," 2nd ed. pp. 2, 38, 44. 2 E 418 GLOSSARY OF TERMS. Plane, flat, a level surface Piano, used in combination ; as plano-convex, between plane and convex. Plicate, folded in longitudinal plaits. Poculiform, cup-shaped. Polari-nucleate, having nuclei at the ends of a sporidium. Pole, the end of a sporidium. Polygonal, having many angles. Polymorphous, having many forms, where any plant or part of a plant has a diversity of forms. Polysporus, having many spores. Pore, a minute superficial hole. Process, an extension or projection from a surface. Produced, where a part is brought forward or lengthened out in any direction. Protoplasm, the living contents of a cell, consisting of a combination of albuminous substances with water and small quantities of incom- bustible materials (ash).* Pruinose, frosted or covered with bloom like a plum. Pseudo-parenchyma, false parenchyma, the cellular tissue of fungi, which, although resembling true parenchyma, is not so. Pseudo-septate, having the appearance of being septate. Pubescent, coated with elevated extensions of the cellular tissue of the epidermis, assuming the character of minute hairs or -down. Pulverulent, dusted over, powdery. Pulvinate, cushion-shaped, a little prominence like a cushion. Pycnidia, receptacles enclosing stylospores. Pyrlforia, pear-shaped. Quadrate, square in form. Receptacle, the portion of a fungus bearing the hymenium, the apothe- cium, the cup. Reniform, kidney-shaped, resembling the section taken longitudinally through a kidney. Repand, bowed, having an uneven, slightly sinuous margin. Replicate, doubled down, so that the upper part comes in contact with the lower ; folded back, as when the margin of a cup turns out- wards and downwards. Reticulated, forming a network, having veins or lines crossing like network. Revolute, rolled backwards, as when the margin of a cup is rolled outwards. Rigid, stiff, with slight or no flexibility. Rimose, where a surface is covered with cracks or fissures. Rivulose, marked with lines like the rivers in a map. Rooting, emitting roots, extending the stem downwards into the earth or matrix in the form of a root. * Sach's " Text-Book," 2nd ed. p. 37. GLOSSARY OF TERMS. 419 Botundate, round, orbicular. Hufescent, reddish brown. Bufous' Bufus, full red-brown. Buga, a wrinkle. Rugose, Bugulose, wrinkled on the surface. Scabrous, rough, covered with minute elevations. Scarce, rarely present, occurring here and there. Scattered, not crowded, being at some distance apart. Saccharine, resembling sugar, covered with shining grains like sugar. Sclerotium, an old genus of fungi comprising hard, black, compact bodies wrhich are now proved to be a resting condition of the mycelium of certain fungi, as of Peziza tuberosa, etc. Scrobiculate, marked with little pits. Scutellate, formed like a dish or saucer, orbicular and nearly flat. Septate, having divisions, partitioned off into separate compartments. Septum, the division wall of a cell. Seriate, arranged in a row. Serrated, toothed on the margin like the edge of a saw. Setaceous, furnished with bristles, in the furm of a bristle. Setulose. See Setaceous. Sinuate, Sinuous, Si?iuose, the margin uneven with alternate con- cavities and convexities. Solitary, not closely associated with others. Spadicious, date-brown, duller and darker than bay-brown. Spathulate, spoon-shaped, rounded at the summit and narrowed towards the base. Spermogonia, receptacles in which spermatia are produced in fungi and lichens. Spherical, Spheroid, shaped like a sphere. Spicida, a little spike. Sporidiiferous, bearing sporidia. Sporidium, an ascospore, or endospore ; differs from a spore in being developed within another cell. Spurious, false, counterfeit, having only an appearance. Squamulose, covered with small scales. Stellate, star-shaped, radiating from a common centre. Sterigmata, a prop, a filament which supports a spore. Stipitate, having a stem. Stuffed, filled with a cottony web or spongy mass distinct from the walls. Striate, channelled, furrowed, marked with grooves. Strigose, rough with fascicles of hairs, hispid. stroma, a more or less continuous layer, varying in consistence from fleshy to carbonaceous, arising from the mycelium, on which the receptacles are seated, as in the genera Ephelis and Dermatea. Stylogonidia, gonidia formed by abstrictiun on the ends of special filaments. 420 GLOSSARY OF TERMS. Stylospores, stalked spores, either produced within a special receptacle, as in pycnidia, or unenclosed, as amongst the Coniomycetes. Sub-, a prefix to another word, implying somewhat near the thing named ; as sw&globose, somewhat globose. Subhymenial, immediately beneath the hymenium. Subiculum, a mass of filaments, a layer of loosely compacted mycelium on or amongst which the receptacles are developed. Subterranean, growing beneath the surface of the ground. Subulate, awl-shaped, like a cobbler's awl. Succulent, juicy, when the cellular tissue is abundant and replete with juices. Sulcate, furrowed, marked by depressed parallel lines. Sulphureous, the colour of sulphur, a pale tint of pure yellow. Superficial, seated on the surface. Superior, higher up, situated above another, on the top. Tan-coloured, the colour of wash-leather ; synonym of Alutaceous. Tapesium, a carpet or layer of mycelium on which the receptacle is seated. Tawny, a yellowish dark colour, a deeper shade than tan-colour. Terete, cylindrical and tapering. Testaceous, brick-coloured, a reddish-brown, not so bright as lateritious. Thalamium, synonym for Hymenium. Thickened, when the thickness of a part is relatively greater than the adjoining part ; synonym for Incrassated. Tomentose, covered with pubescence consisting of hair closely matted, coated with down-like hairs. T omentum, flocks of wool, loosely matted fibres. Translucent, transparent, admitting rays of light, clear. Tremellose, shaking like jelly, of a jelly-like consistence. Tri-, a prefix denoting three ; as tfnseptate, having three septa. Truncate, terminating as if abruptly cut off. Tuberculate, covered with pimples or tubercles, having tuberous swellings. Tuberous, in the form of a tuber. Tumid, swollen, inflated. Turbinate, top-shaped, having an outline similar to a boy's spinning- top. Umber, a dark brown, the colour of umber. Umbilicate, having a little navel, having a little depression in the centre. Uncinate, hooked or hook-shaped. Undulated, waved, with gentle elevations and depressions ; synonym for Eepand. Uni-, a prefix denoting one or the same : as w?u*septate, having one septum ; inform, of one form. Unilocular, having but one cell. GLOSSARY OF TERMS. 421 Uniseriate, in one series. Urceolate, shaped like a pitcher with a contracted mouth. Urn-shaped, shaped like a vase roundish in form and enlarged in the middle. Vasculiform, having the form of a little vessel, like a common flower-pot. Veil, a partial covering of the cup; a membranaceous, fibrous, or granulose coating stretching over the mouth of the cup, soon breaking up into fragments. Venoso-costate, having raised lines partly resembling veins and partly ribs. Ventricose, big-bellied, swollen out, puffed up. Verrucose, warted. Vesicular, like a bladder. Villose, Villous, covered with long, weak hairs. Vinous, the colour of red wine. Vitelline, the colour of the yelk of an egg. Waved, having an alternately concave and convex surface or margin. Waxy, the consistence of wax. AUTHORS QUOTED. -*o*- (See Exsiccati, p. 436.) A. and S. Conspectus Fungorum in Lusatise Superioris Agro Niskiensi crescentium. Par J. B. de Albertini et L. D. de Schweiniz. 8vo. Lipsiaa : 1805. 12 pi. col. Afzel. in Vet. Ac. Eandl. De Vegetabilius Suecanis Observationis et Experimenta. Adamus Afzelius. Upsalia? : 1785. Ann. Nat. Hist. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. London : 1838-1885. Berkeley and Broome's contributions are quoted by the number attached to the species. Ann. Sc. Nat. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique. 6 series. Paris : 1824-1885. . Auers. in Hedwig. B. Auerswald's contributions to Hedwigia. Badliam. Esculent Funguses. Dr. Badham. 8vo. London : 1847. Bail. Das System der Pilza. By Theodor Bail. Bonn : 1856. Balb. in Memoir Acad. Imp. Tur. G. B. Balbis in Memoire della Imp. Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. Turin. , Act. Taur. Same as preceding. B. and Br. "Rev. M. J. Berkeley and C. E. Broome. See Ann. Nat. Hist. AUTHOKS QUOTED. 423 Barla. Les Champignons de la Province de Nice. J. B. Barla. Folio-ob. Nice: 1859. Butsch. Elenchus Fungorum. Augustus Batsch. Halse : 1783-1786. , Cont. Continuation of above in vol. ii. Batt. Fungorum Agri Arminensis Historia3. A. J. Antonio Battarra. 4to. Faventiaj : 1755. Berk, and Curt. Rev. M. J. Berkeley and Dr. Curtis, Notices of North American Fungi, in Grrevillea. Berk. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. 1 , Crypt. Bot. Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany. 8vo. London : 1857. , Outl. Outlines of British Fungology. 8vo. London : 1860. , Proc. N. H. Soc. Berw. Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Berwick-on-Tweed. Berl. Ges. Naturf. Berliner Gresellschaft Naturforschender Freunde. Berlin: 1775- 1880. Bernh. Manip. An old author quoted by Fries in Systema Mycologicum. Bert, in Mont. Syll. M. Bertero in Montagne's Sylloge. Bisch., Krypt. Kryptogamen-Kunde. Theophilus Bischoff. 4to. Niirnberg : 1860. Bivona Manip. Stirpium rariorum minusque cognitarum in Sicilia sponte pro- venientium descripto. A. B. Bivona. Manipulus iv. Panormi : 1813. Bolt. 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Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. 8vo. Buffalo : 1873-1886. Bull. Soc. Belg. Bulletins de la Socie'te Royale de Botanique de Belgique. 8vo. Bruxelles. Bull. Torr. Club. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 8vo. New York. Buxb., Petr. Joannes Buxbaum. Commentarii Academiaa Imperialis Scien- tiarum Petropolitanse. Cams, Nov. Act. N. C. F. W. Carus in Nova Acta Naturse Curiosorum, xvii. pp. 370-375, t. 27 ; t. 10-31. 4to. Vratislavige, Bonnse, Jenas, and Dresdas : 1820-1864. Cheval., Flo. En. Par. Flora Generale des Environs de Paris. Francois Chevallier. 1 vol. Folio. Paris : 1820-1836. Ccemans, Not. Ascob. Belg. Notice sur les Ascobolus de Belgique. Eugene Ccemans. 8vo. Bruxelles: 1862. , Com. Soc. Critt. Ttal. Commentario della Societa Crittogamologica Italiana. Genova: 1860. Cooke, Eandbh. Handbook of British Fungi. M. C. Cooke, M.A. 2 vols. 8vo. London: 1871. AUTHORS QUOTED. 425 Cooke, My cog r. Mycographia seu Icones Fungorum, Discomycetes. By the same author. 1 vol. Roy. 8vo. London : 1879. , Fungi : Their Nature, Influence, and Uses. 8vo. London : 1875. Corda, Anl. Anleitung zum Studium der Mycologie. 8vo. Prag : 1842. , Icon. Icones Fungorum Hucusque Cognitorum. August Corda. 6 fasc. Folio. Pragse: 1838-1856. Crouan, Flo. Fin. Florule du Finisterre. P. L. et H. M. Crouan. 1 vol. Roy. 8vo. Brest: 1867. Cum., Act. Tur. A. Cumino in Act. Ac. Taurini. 1806. B.C., Flo. Fr. Flore Francaise. A. P. de Candolle et Lamarck. 5 vols. 8vo. Paris : 1805, etc. De Not., Disc. Proposte di Alcune Rettificazioni al Profilo dei Discomiceti. G. de Notaris. 34 pp. Genova : 1864. , Micro. Ital. Mycromycetes Italici novi vel minus cogniti. Decades i.-ix. Turin: 1839-1856. Dicks., Crypt. Plantarum Cryptosramicarum Britannia?. Jacobi Dickson. 4 fasc. 4to. Londini: 1785-1801. Dill., Gen. Nova Plantarum Genera in Catalogus Plantarum sponte circa Giessam nascentium. Joannes Dillenius. Francofurte ad Mcenum : 1719. Ditm. in Sturm, Deut. Flo. N. Ditmar, Die Pilze Deutschlands, in Sturm's Deutschlands Flora. Niirnberg: 1813-1817. Doass., Revue Myco. MM. Doassans et N. Patouillard in Revue Mycologique. Toulouse and Paris : 1879-1886. Dr. and M., Flo. oV Algerie. MM. Durieu et Montagne in Exploration Scientifique de i'Algerie. Bory de St. Vincent and Durieu de Maisonneuve. 4to. Paris . 1846-1849. Dr. and Lev. MM. Durieu de Maisonneuve and Levielle in preceding work. Duby, Bot. Call. Botanicon Gallicum. Joannes Stephanus Duby. Paris : 1882-1830. " 426 AUTHORS QUOTED. Eng. Flo. English Flora. Sir J. E. Smith. Vol. v. part 2. By Eev. M. J. Berkeley. 8vo. London : 1837. Farlow, Pro. Ann. Ac. A. and S. Professor W. Gr. Farlow in Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 1883. Favre-Guill. Les Champignons Comestibles du Canton de Neuchatel. L. Favre- Guillarmond. 4to. Neuchatel: 1861. FcJcl, Bot. Zeit. Fuckel's contributions to Botanisches Zeitung. , Symb. Myco. Syrnboke Mycologicse. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Pihainischen Pilze. L. Fuckel. 8vo. Wiesbaden : 1869-1875. Flo. Boruss. Flora Borussica. J. C. "Wulff. Eegiomonti : 1765. Flo. Chil. Flora Chilena. MM. Decaisne et Xauden. 4 vols. 8vo. Paris: 1845-1849. Flo. Dan. Florae ■ Danica?. Tcones Plantanim sponte nascentium in regnis Dania3 et Xorvegias. Folio. 1766-1882. Flo. Tasm. Flora Tasmania?. J. D. Hooker. 2 vols. 4to. London : 1860. Fresen., Beit. Beitrage zur Mykologie. G. Fresenius. 3 hefta. 4to. Frank- fort: 1850-1863. Fries, Flench. Elenchus Fungorum sistens Commentarium in Systema Myco- logium. Vol. ii. 8vo. Gryphiswaldiae: 1828. , Epic. Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum. Elias M. Fries. Upsalise : 1836-1838." , Icon. Select. Icones Selectas Hymenomycetum Nondum Delineatorum. Elia Fries. Folio. Holmiae: 1867-1884. , Nov. Sym. Myco. Novas Symboke Mycologicsa. E. Fries. Upsal : 1851. , Obs. Myco. Observationes Mycologicae, praecipue ad Illustrandam Floram Suecicam. Holmias: 1815-1818. AUTHORS QUOTED. 427 Fries, Summa Veg. Scan. Summa Vegetabilium Scandinavia. Elias M. Fries. 2 vols. 8vo. Upsalise: 1846. , Sys. My co. Systema Mycologicum, sistens Fungorum Ordines, Genera et Species hucusque cognitas. Elias M. Fries. 3 vols. 8\o. Gryphiswaldise : 1821-1830. Gard. Chron. Gardeuer's Chronicle. Folio. London : 1841-18S6. Gerard in Bull. Torr. Clnh. W. R. Gerard's contributions to Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. New York. Gonn. and Babh. Mycologia Europjea. Gonnermann und Rabenhorst. Heft, i.-ix. Folio. Dresden: 1870. Grev., Flo. Edin. Flora Edinensis. R. K. Greville. 8vo. Edinburgh : 1824. , Sc. Crypt. Flo. Scottish Cryptogjamic Flora. R. K. Greville. 6 vols. 8vo. Edinburgh: 1823-1828. Grevillea. Grevillea : a Quarterly Record of Cryptogamic Botany. 8vo. London: 1872-1886. Gill., Champ. Champignons de France, Les Discomycetes. Par C. C. Gillet. Alencon: 1879. Eartig, Krank. Waldb. Wichtige Krankheiten der Waldbaume. R. Hartig. Berlin : 1874. Harzer. Natureetreue Abbildungen der vorzuglichsten Essbaren, Giftigen und Verdachtigen Schwamme. Karl A. F. Harzer. Dresden : 1842. Eayd., Geol. Bept. F. V. Hayden's Annual Reports of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories. 1869-1879. Hedw., Mus. Frond. Species Muscorum Frondosorum. Joanne Hedwig. 4 vols. Folio. 1787-1797. Fungi in vol. ii. Hedwig. or Eedw. Hedwigia. Notizblatt fur Kryptogamiche Studien. 8vo. Dresden. Herb. Berk. Herbarium of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley in the National Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew. Eoff., Icon. An. Icones Analvticaj Fungorum. Herman Hoffman. Giessen : 1836. 428 AUTHORS QUOTED. Hojfm., CrypK Vegatabilia Cryptogama. Georgius Hoffmann. Erlangaa : 1787- 1790. Holms., Ot. Beata Ruris Otia Fungis Danicis Impensa. Theodoras Holmskiold. Havniaa: 1818. Hook., Jour. Journal of Botany. W. J. Hooker. 8vo. London : 1834-1857. Huds.y Flo. Ang. Flora Anglica. Gulielmi Hudsoni. 2 vols. 8vo. London : 1778. Humb., Flo. Frib. Floras Fribergensis Specimen Plantas Cryptogam. Alexander von Humboldt. Berolini: 1793. Huss. Illustrations of British Mycology. Mrs. Hussey. 2 series. 4to. London: 1847-1855. Inzenga, Fungi Sici. Funghi Siciliani. G. Inzenga. 2 parts. 4to. Palermo : 1869- 1879. Jacq., Misc. Austr. Miscellanea Austriaca ad Botanicam. Nicolaus Josephus Jacquin. 4to. Vienme: 1773-1778. Johnst., Flo. Berw. Flora of Berwick-upon-Tweed. George Johnston. 2 vols. Edin- burgh: 1829. Jour. Bot. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. New series. 22 vols. 8vo. London: 1862-1886. Jour. Hort. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. London. Jour. Linn. Soc. Journal of the Linnaaan Society. Botany. 8vo. London Kalch., Icon. Select. Icones Select* Hvmenomvcetum Hungarian Caroli Kalchbrenner. 4to. Pestini. 1873-1877. Karst., Mon. Fez. Monographia Pezizarum Fennicarum. P. A. Karsten. 1 vol. 8vo. Helsingfors : 1868. , My co. Fenn. Mycologia Fennica. P. A. Karsten. 8vo. Helsingfors: 1871. , Fez. et Ascob. Synopsis Pezizarum et Ascobolorum Fennise. 1 vol. 8vo. Hel- singfors: 1861. AUTHORS QUOTED. 429 Karst., Symb, Symbols ad Mycologiam Fennicani. Pts. i.-xii. 8vo. 1871-1883. Kickx, Crypt. Flan. Flore Cryptogaraique des Flandres. J. Kickx. Bruxelles : 1867. , Flo. Flan. Kecherches pour servir a la Flora Cryptogamique des Flandres Cent. i.-v. Bruxelles : 1841-1855. Kromb. Naturgetreue Abbildungen der Essbaren Schadlichen, und Ver- dachtigen Schwanime. Julius von Krombholz. Folio. Prag : 1831-1849. Lenz. Die Niitzlichen und Schadlichen Schwamme. F. A. Lenz. Gotha: 1840. Leveille. J. H. Leveille, various Memoirs in Annales des Sciences Naturelles, etc. Light/. Flora Scotica ; or, a System of the Native Plants of Scotland and the Hebrides. John Lightfoot. 2 vols. London : 1777. Link. , Hand. Handbuch zur Erkenntniss der Nutzbarsten und am haufigsten vorkommenden Gewachse. Henricus Link. Berlin : 1829-1833. L. or Linn. Carl von Linnseus. , Suec. Flora Suecica. Holmise : 1745-1755. , Spec. Plant. Species Plantarum. 1753. , Sys. Veg. Systema Vegetabilium. Goettingse : 1774-1784. Linn. Jour. Journal of the Linnsean Society. Botanv. 8vo. London : 1857-1886. Linn. Trans. Transactions of the Linnsean Society. Botany. 8vo. London : 1791-1886. Mag. Zool. and Bot. Magazine of Zoology and Botany. Vol. i. 8vo. 1837. Mart, Erl. Flora Cryptogamica Erlangensis. Carolus de Martius. Norim- bergas: 1817. 430 AUTHORS QUOTED. Mass., Fram. Frammenti Lichenografici. A. Massalongo. 8vo. Verona : 1883. Merat, Flo. En. Far. Nouvelle Flore des Environs de Paris. Francois Victor Herat. Paris : 1812, 1831, 1837. Mich., Gen. Nova Plantar um Genera. Petro Antonio Michelio. 4 to. Flo- rentiaj : 1729. Mont, Syll. Sylloge Generum Specierumque Cryptogamarum quas in variis operibus descriptas nunc ad diagnosim reductas nounullasque novas interjectas ordine systematico disposuit. Jean F. C. Mon- tagne. 8vo. Paris: 1856. , Ann. Sc. Nat. 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Persoon. , Comm. Coinruentatio de Fungis Clavasforniibus. C. H. Persoon. Lipsiee : 1797. , Commest. Traite sur les Champignons Comestibles. C. H. Persoon. Paris 1818. , Icon, et Descr. Icones et Descriptiones Fungoram Minus Cognitorum. C. H. Persoon. 4to. Lipsiaj : 1798-1800. , Icon. Pict. Icones Pictse Rariorum Fungorum. C.H. Persoon 4to. 1803-1806. , My co. Eur. Mycologia Europam. C. H. Persoon. 3 vols. 8vo. Erlangas : 1822-1828. , Obs. Observationes Mycologies. 8vo. Lipsias : 1799. , Syn. Fung. Synopsis Methodica Fungorum. C. H. Persoon. 1 vol. 12mo Gottingse: 1801-1808. , Tent. Disp. Meth. Tentamen Dispositions Methodical Fungorum. C. H. Persoon. Lipsiae: 1797. Phil, and Plow. New and Rare British Fungi in Grevillea. W. Phillips and C. B. Plownght. Price. Illustrations of the Fungi of our Fields and Woods. Sarah Price. 2 vols. 4to. London : 1864-1865. _ Pro. Am. Ac. A. and S. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Purton, Midi. Flo. Midland Flora : a Botanical Description of British Plants in the Midland Counties. 2 vols. 8vo. Stratford-upon-Avon : 1817. Quelet, Champ. Les Champignons du Jura et des Vosges. L. Quelet. 8vo. Montbeliard : 1872-1875. , Assoc. Fr. Report of the Association Francais pour L'Avancement des Sciences. 8vo. Paris: 1880-1884. jRabh., Handb. Deutschlands Kryptogamen Flora. Oder Handbuch zur Bestim- 432 AUTHORS QUOTED. mung der kryptogamischen Gewachse Deutschlands, etc. Dr. L. Rabenhorst. 8vo. Leipzig : 1847. Babh., Krypt. Flo. Kryptogamen Flora von Sachsen; der Ober-Lausitz, Thiiringen und Nordbohemen. Dr. L. Rabenhorst. Leipzig : 1863. Bathey, Oest. Bot. Zeit. Rathey's contributions to Oesterreichische Botaniscbe Zeitscbrift. Bebent., Neom. Prodromus Flora3 Neomarchicse. Joannes Rebentiscb. Berolini : 1804. Bellian. Flora Cantabrigiensis. R. Relban. Ed. iii. Ca3tabrigia3. 1820. Benny, Trans. Woolhope Club. Contributions to the Transactions of the Woolhope Club. By James Renny. 8vo. Hereford : 1873. Bevue Myco. Revue Mycologique. 8 vols. 8vo. Toulouse : 1879-1886. Bob. in Desm., Crypt. Fr. M. Roberge in Desmazieres' Notices sur les Plantes Cryptogames, in Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Bost. Rostrup in Botanisk Tidsskrift. Kjobenh : 1866-1883. Both, Cat. Catalecta Botanica. A. W. Roth. Leipsise : 1797-1806. Boumg., Crypt. Illus. Cryptogamie Illustree. M. Casimir Roumeguere. 4to. Paris: 1870. Sacc, Fung. Ven. Fungi Veneti Novi vel Critici. Ser. i., in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., vol. for 1873 ; ser, ii., in vol. for 1875 ; ser. iii., in Hedwigia, xiv.,for 1875 ; ser iv,, Atti della Soc. Veneto-Trientina di Scienze Nat., iv., 1875; ser. v., in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., viii., 1876; ser. vi.-xi., in Michelia, i.-vi. Padova: 1877-1880. By P. A. Saccardo. — -, Mich. Michelia Commentarium Mycologicum. P. A. Saccardo. 2 vols. 8vo. Patavii: 1877-1882. ■ , Myco. Ven. Sp. Mycologiae Venetse Specimen. By P. A. Saccardo. 1 vol. 8vo. Patavii: 1873. Sadebeck., Wint. Krypt. Flo. R. Sadebeck in Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen Flora von Deutsch- land Oesterreich und der Schweiz. Pilze. G. Winter. 8vo. Leipzig : 1884. AUTHOKS QUOTED. 433 Sch. Flo. Bar. Baierische Flora. Franz de Paula von Schrank. Munich: 1718. Schceff., Icon. Funs:oruni aui in Bavaria et Palatinata circa Entisbonam Nas- cunter Icones. Jacobi Christiani Schaeffer. 2 vols. 4to. Ratis- bona3: 1762. Schmid., Icon. Icones Plantarum et Analyses Part in m reri incisse atque vivis Coloribus insignitae. C. C. Schmidel. Noriinberga? : 1717-1762. Erlangse: 1793-1797. Schmidt, Myco. Heft. Kunze und Schmidt. Mycologische H eft. G. H. S. Kunze and J. K. Schmidt. Leipsig : 1817-1823. Schrad. in Fers. Comm. Schrader in Persoon's Commentatio de Fungis Clavaeformibus. Schrad., Bot. Jour. Henricus Adolphus Schrader's Contributions to the Neues Journal fur die Botanik. Erfurt: 1806-1810. Schum., Saell. Enumeratio Plantarum in partibus Ssellandia? Septentrional is et Orientalis Crescentium. C. F. Schumacher. Havnia3 : 1801-1803. Schw., Syn. Synopsis Fungorum Carolina? Superioris. L. de Schweiniz. 4to. Leipzig : 1822. Scott. Nat. The Scottish Naturalist. 8vo. 1872-1886. Scop. Flora Carniolica. J. A. Scopoli. Vienna? : 1760-1772. Seer., My coy r. Mycographie Suisse ou Descriptions des Champignons qui croissent en Suisse. Louis Secretan. Geneve: 1833. Smith, Diseases. Diseases of the Field and Garden Crops. W. G. Smith. London : 1884. Sommf., Lapp. Supplementum Florae Lapponicae. Christianus Sommerfelt Christianise : 1826. Sow., Fung. English Fungi. James Sowerby. 3 vols. Folio. London 1797-1809. Steven., Myco. Scot. Mycologia Scutica. Rev. John Stevenson. 1vol. 8vo. Edinburgh: 1879. 2 F 434 AUTHORS QUOTED. Sturm., Flo. Deutschlands Flora. Pilze. Jacob Sturm. 12mo. Niirnberg. 1817-1851. Sv. Bot. Svensk Botanik. O. Swartz. Stockholm. 1803-1809. Swartz, Vet. Ac. Handl. Olof Swartz, in Swenska Vetenskaps-Akademien (Kongl) Hand- lingar. 8vo. Stockholm: 1739-1855. Timm., Megap. Floras Megapolitanas Prodromus. J. C. Timm. Lipsise : 1788. Tode, Fung. Meckl Fungi Mecklenburgenses Selecti. Henricus Julius Tode. Liine- bergi: 1790-1791. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. 8vo. 1841-1886. Tratt., Austr. Fungi Austriaci Iconibus Illustrati. Leopoldus Trattinnick. 4to. Wein: lb05. , Die Essbaren Schwamme. Leopoldus Trattinnick. Wien und Triest: 1809. Wein: 1830. Tuh, Select. Fung. Carp. Selecta Fungorum Carpologia. L. R. et C. Tulasne. 3 vols. Folio. Paris: 1865. , Hyp- Fungi Hvpogasi. L. R. & C. Tulasne. Folio. Paris: 1862. Vaill., Bot. Botanicon Parisiense. Sebastianus Vaillant. Lngduni Batavorum et Amstelodami : 1727. Vet. Ac. Handl. Handlinger Konigliche Svenska Vetenskaps Academieus. Stock- holm : 1819. Ventenant. M. Louis Yentenant in Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris: 1815-1832. Vill, Delph. Flora Del phinalis. By Dominique Villars. 8vo. Grenoble: 1785. Vitt., Mang. Descrizione dei Funghi Mangerecci piii Communi del lTtalia. Carolus Yittad.ni. Milano : 1835. Webero. Die Pilze Nord-Deutschlands. Otto Weberbauer. 2 pts. Folio. Breslau: 1873-1875 AUTHORS QUOTED. 435 Weinm.y Hym. Hyrneno et Gasteromycetes hucusque in Imperio Rossico Observati. J. A. Weiimiann. Petropoli, 1836. WahL, Flo. Suec. Flora Suecica. Goeran Wahlenberg. Upsalise et Lipsise : 1824-1826; and Upsalise: 1831-1833. , Zips. Flora Upsaliensis. Goeran Wahlenberg. 8vo. Upsalise et Lipsise: 1820. Wallr., Crypt. Flo. Flora Cryptosamica Germanise. Fred. Guil. Wallrothio. 2 vols. 12mo. Norimbergse: 1831-1833. , Flo. Germ. The same work. West. G. D. "Westendorp in Bulletin de l'Acad. Roy. de l'Belgique. 1861. Wigg., Hoffm. Crypt. See Hoffm. Crypt. With. An arrangement of British Plants. William Withering, M.D. 3rd ed. 4 vols. 8vo. London : 1796. Wright, Cub. Mr. Charles Wright's specimens of Cuban Fungi described by Messrs. Berkeley and Curtis. Journal of the Lmnaean Society, vol. x. p. 280. EXSICCATI. Ayres, cxs. MycologiaBritannica; or, Specimens of British Fungi. By Philip B. Ayres, M.D. Fasc. 1, 2. 4to. Pamplin. London : 1845. B. and Br. Rev. M. J. Berkeley and C. E. Broome, in the Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew. Baxt., exs. Stirpes Cryptogamicas Oxonienses, or Dried Specimens of Crypto- gamous Plants, by William Baxter, A.L.S. Oxford : 1825. Berk., Brit. Fung. British Fungi. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. 4 fasc. 4to. London. Blox. in Herb Kew. Rev. Andrew Bloxam's specimens in the Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew. Cooke, Fung. Brit. Fungi Britannici Exsiccati. 1st ser., i.-vi. 8vo. London : 1865-1871. 2nd ser., i.-vii. 4to. London : 1875-1879, Desm., Crypt. Fr. Plantes Cryptogamiques de France. J. B. Desmazieres. 4to. Lille: 1825-1860. Ellis, N. A. Fungi. North American Fungi. J. B. Ellis. Cent, i.-xi. Newfield and Philadelphia : 1878-1883. Erb. Crit. Ital. Erbario Crittogamico Italiano, per cura di G. de Notaris, Fr. Baglietto et Fr. Ardissone. Series 1. 24 fasc. Folio. Genova : 1858-1864. Fckl., F. Eh. L. Fuckel's Fungi Rhenani Exsiccati. Cent. 1-15, and supp. 4to. Wiesbaden : 1865. EXSICCATI. 437 Fries, Scl. Suec. Scleromycetes Sueciaj Exsiccati. Elias Magnus Fries. Upsala. Gardiner, exs. 250 Specimens (f Mosses, Fungi, etc. By William Gardiner. Dundee: 1845-1848. Karst., Fung. Fenn. Fungi Fennice Exsiccati. P. A. Karsten. 7 cent. Helsingfors. Klotzsch, H. M. Herbarium vivum Mycologische Hefte. J. F. Klotzsch. 20 vols. 4to. Berlin : 1832, etc. Kunze, Exs. Also Kze. and Schm. Deutschlands Schwamme in getrockneten Examplaren. By C. F. Hall, I. C. Schmidt, and G. Kunze. Leipzig : 1815-1818. , Fung. Sel. Fungi Selecti Exsiccati. Joanne Kunze. Islebias : 1876-1880. Lasch in Klotzsch, Herb. Myco. F. W. Lasch's contributions to Klolzsch's Herbarium vivuru Mycologische Hefte. Libert, Crypt. Ard. Plantes Cryptogames des Ardennes. Madame Libert : 1830-1837. Mazer io., Crypt. Gal. See Desm. Crypt. Fr. Moug. Exs., or Moug. and Nest. J. B. Mougeot, C. Nestler, et W. P. Schimper, Stirpibus Crypto- gamis Vogeso-Bhenanis. 15 fasc. 4to. Bruyerii Yogesorum : 1810-1864. Phil, Elv. Brit. Elvellacei Britannici. 4 fasc. 4to. Shrewsbury : 1874-1881. Rabh., Fung. Eur. Rabenhorst's Fungorum Europaeorum Exsiccatorum. Cent, i.-xx. Dresden: 1861-1881. Rabh., Herb. Myco. Herbarium vivum Mycologicum. J. F. Klolzsch. Continued by Dr. Rabenhorst. Dresden : 1855-1860. Rav., Fung. Am. Fungi Americani Exsiccati. H. W. Ravenel. Edited by M. C. Cooke. Fasc. i.-viii. London : 1877. , Fung. Carol Fungi Caroliniani Exsiccati. H. W. Ravenel. 4 fasc. 4to. Charleston : 1852, etc. 438 EXSICCATI. Eehm, Asco. Ascomyceten. Dr. Med. Eehm. Fasc. i.-xvii. Dresden : 1868-1885. Iioumg., Fung. Gal. Fungi Selecti Gallici Exsiccati. M. C. Kourneguere. Cent. i.-xxxix. 4to. Toulouse : 1879-1886. , Stirpes. Those specimens in the preceding work originally issued in Mougeot's work quoted above. Sacc, Erb. Crit. Erbario Crittogamico Italiano. P. A. Saccardo. Ser. 1. 24 fasc. Genova : 1858-1864. Ser. 2. 14 fasc. 1868-1879. , Myco. Ven. Mycotheca Veneta. P. A. Saccardo. Cent, i.-xv. 4to. Patavii : 1874-1880. Schm and Kze. See Kunze, exs. Sommf. Plantse Cryptogamicse Norvegias. Christianus Sommerfelt. 4to. Lipsise : 1827. Syd.f Mycoth. Mar. Mycotheca Marchica. Sydow and Zopf. 13 cent. Folio. Berol : 1880-1887. Thurn., Fung. Aus. Fungi Austriaci Exsiccati. F. de Thumen. 13 cent. 4to. Dresden and Bayreuth : 1871-1875. , Herb. Myco. Herbarium Mycologicum iEconomicum. F. de Thumen. 14 fasc : 1873-1879. , Mycoth. Univ. Mycotheca Universalis. F. de Thumen. 23 cent. 4to. Bay- reuth: 1875-1880. Wartm, and Sch. Herbarium Schweizericher Kryptogamen. Fasc. i.-xii. St. Gallen: 1862-1869. Welw. Crypt. Lusit. West and Wall. Herbier Cryptogamique Beige. Fasc. 21-28. 4to. 1855-1859. Winter, Fungi Eur. Fungi Europeei et extra Europasi Exsiccati. Klotzschii Herbarii vivi Mycologici continuatio. Editio nova. Cura Dr. G. Winter. Dresden: 1881. Zopf. and Syd. Mycoth. Mar. Zopf et Sydow Mycotheca Marchica. Berlin : 1880-1884. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. Plate I. Fig. 1. — a, MorcheUa esculenta, nat. size ; b, a section of the same ; c, an ascus and paraphyses; d, sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 2. — a, Gyromitra esculenta, nat. size ; b, section of the same ; c, an ascus and a paraphysis ; d, a sporidium. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 3. — a, Helvella lacunosa, nat. size ; b, a section of the same ; c, an ascus with two paraphyses; d, three sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 4. — a, Verpa rujipes, nat. size ; Z>, a section of the same ; c, an ascus and a paraphysis ; d, sporidia ; «, cellular filament from the epidermis, c, d, and e x 400 times. Plate II. Fig. 5. — a, Leotia circinans, nat. size ; bt section of the same ; c, an ascus with three paraphyses ; d, two sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 6. — a, Mitrula paluclosa, nat. size ; b, section of the upper part ; c, an ascus ; d, three sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 7. — a, Spathidaria flavida, nat. size ; b, section of the same ; c, an ascus with three paraphyses; d, two filiform sporidia. c and d X 400 times. Fig. 8. — a, LeptogJossum viride, nat. size ; b, section of the same ; c, an ascus with two paraphyses; d, sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 9. — a, Geoglossum hirsutam, nat. size ; b, an ascus with two hooked paraphyses ; c, a sporidium ; (/, one of the black rigid hairs from the hymenium intermixed with the asci. b, c, and d x 400 times. Fig. 10. — a, Rhizina undulata, nat. size ; b, a section of the same, showing the root-like fibrillse ; c, an ascus; d, the fusiform sporidia. c and d x 400 times. 440 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. Plate III. Fig. 11. — ; c, a group of the strigose filaments from the base ; d, an ascus with a paraphysis ; e, four sporidia. c, d, and e x 400 times. Fig. 41. — a, Lachnea trechispora, three cups in different stages of growth, nat. size; b, a section of a cup; c, a group of hairs from the exterior of the cup (the bent one is so represented to save space); d, an ascus with a paraphysis ; e, two sporidia. c, d, and e x 400 times. Fig. 42. — a, Lachnea Cornubiensis, two cups the nat. size; 6, a section of a cup ; c, a group of hairs from the exterior of the cup ; d, an ascus containing eight sporidia, with a paraphysis. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 43. — a, Lachnella diplocarpa, a group the nat. size ; b, a cup magnified ; c, a section of the same ; d, one of the hairs from the exterior of the cup; e, asci paraphyses, and filaments surmounted by fusiform spores (?) ; /, six sporidia in various conditions of develop- ment ; g, one of the filaments, surmounted, by its fusiform spore, viewed separately, d, e,/, and g x 400 times. Fig. 44. — a, Lachnella cerina, a group the nat. size ; b, three cups in different stages of growth, magnified ; c, section of a cup ; d, hairs from near the margin of a cup ; e, an ascus with two acerose paraphyses ; /*, seven sporidia. d, e, and/ x 400 times. Plate VIII. Fig. 45. — a, Lachnella cupressi, nat. size ; b, two cups slightly magnified ; c, a section of a cup ; d, the villose hairs from the exterior of a cup ; e, ascus with paraphyses ; /, six sporidia. d} e} and/ x 400 times. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 443 Fig. 46. — a, LachneUa bicolor, a group the nat. size; b, three cups enlarged, in different stages of growth ; c, section of a cup ; d, three ha rs from the exterior of a cup ; e, an ascus with two acerose para- physes; /, five sporidia. d, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 47. — a, LachneUa pteridis, a group the nat. size ; b, two cups enlarged, one young, the other more mature ; c, a section of a cup ; d, a group of hairs from the exterior of a cup ; e, an ascus with a para- physis ; /, seven sporidia. d, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 48. — a, LachneUa hyalina, a group the nat. size ; b, two cups in different stages of growth, magnified ; c, a section of a cup ; d, two asci ; e, six sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 49. — a, LachneUa ru/o-olivacea, the nat. size; b, a cup mag- nified 10 times ; c, a section of a cup ; d, loose brown cells from the exterior of a cup ; e, two asci, the one filled with coarse granular pro- toplasm, the other in which the sporidia are matured, with a clavate paraphysis ; /, four sporidia in different stages of development, the pseudo-septate ones being the most mature. Fig. 50. — a, Tapesia aurelia, a group the nat. size seated on a frag- ment of an oak-leaf; b, two cups enlarged, of different ages, showing the white tapesium from which they arise ; c, a section of a cup ; d, a portion of the tapesium ; e, asci and paraphyses ; /, seven sporidia in different stages of growth, d, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 51. — a, DesmaziereUa aciccla, three cups nat. size ; b, section of a cup magnified, showing the hairy hymenium ; c, one of the rigid hairs of the exterior ; d, an ascus ; e, a bundle of paraphyses divided at the top in the form of bristle-like points, which rise above the surface of the hymenium ; /, four sporidia. d, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 52. — a, Pirottsea vectis, a group the nat. size ; b, two cups mag- nified ; c, a section of a mature cup ; d, a group of the rigid bristles from the margin of a cup ; e, asci and paraphyses ; /, five sporidia in different stages of growth, showing their variable shape, d, e, and / x 400 times. Plate IX. Fig. 53. — a, Boudiera areolata, a group the nat. size : b, b, two cups magnified ; c, a section ot a cup ; d, an ascus with paraphyses ; e, sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 54. — a, Ascobolus viridis, three cups the nat. size ; b, a section of a cup ; c, an ascus with paraphyses ; d, three sporidia. Fig. 55. — a, Saccobolus violaceus, a group the nat. size ; b, a group slightly magnified ; c, a section of a cup ; d, asci and paraphyses ; e, eight sporidia removed from the ascus and still enclosed in a cell, which was developed within the parent ascus ; /, three sporidia detached from the group, d, e, and / x 400 times. Fig. 56. — a, Thecotheus Lelletieii, a group the nat. size; b, two cups magnified ; c, an ascus filled with sporidia ; d, the summit of an 444 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. ascus, showing the operculum open through which the sporidia have escaped; e and/, sporidia in different stages of growth, the one at / beine surrounded by a gelatinous envelope, c, d, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 57. — a, Ryparobius Cookei, a group the nat. size ; b, a group slightly magnified ; c, a section more highly magnified ; d, an ascus and paraphyses ; e, eight sporidia, showing variation in size and shape. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 58. — a, Ascophanus testaceus, a group the nat. size seated on a piece of old sacking ; b and c, cups magnified ; dt an ascus with a paraphysis ; e, six sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Plate X. Fig. 59. — a, Bulgaria inquinans, a group the nat. size seated on a piece of wood ; &, a section of a cup ; c, two asci in different stages of growth with paraphyses ; d, sporidia removed from an ascus. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 60. — a, Vibrissea truncorum, a group the nat. size ; b, a section somewhat enlarged ; c, an ascus and paraphyses ; d, a filiform sporidium removed from an ascus. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 61. — a, Vibrissea Guernisaci, a group the nat. size; b, one cup enlarged; c, section of a cup; d, ascus and paraphyses; e, a filiform sporidium detached from an ascus. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 62. — a and b, Ombrophila clavus, in two forms, nat. size ; c, section of a larger specimen; d, ascus with paraphyses; e, six sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 63. — a, Calloria vinosa, a group the nat. size ; h. two cups magnified ; c, a section ; d, two asci with paraphyses having globose heads; e, seven sporidia, showing variation in their form and size. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 64. — a, Enccelia fascicularis, a group the nat. size ; b, a section of a cup; c, two asci, the one immature, the other mature; d, four sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 65. — a, Dermatea cinnamomea, several clusters the nat. size ; b, a cluster breaking through the epidermis of the bark, magnified ; c, a section of a cluster more highly magnified ; d, an ascus and para- physis ; e, six sporidia in different stages of development, those with septa being most mature, d and e X 400 times. Fig. 66. — a, Cenangium Prunastri, the nat. size, bursting through the epidermis of the matrix in tranverse elongated clusters ; Z>, a cluster of ascigerous cups magnified ; c, showing another cluster, and at a little distance, on the same piece of wood, a cluster of awl-shaped pycnidia ; d, a section of a cluster, showing the pycnidia associated with the acigerous cups ; e, a fragment of the interior of a pycnidium, showing the filiform sterigmata, on the summits of which are produced the stylospores/; g, three asci, one of which is immature, surrounded with the adherent paraphyses; h, nine sporidia. e,/, g, and h x 400 times. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 445 Plate XI. Fig. 67. — a, Tympanis conspersa, four clusters which have burst through the bark, the natural size ; b, a cluster with spermogonia inter- mixed, slightly magnified ; c, a section of a cluster ; d, a portion of the interior of a spermogonium, with the filiform sterigmata ; e, the sper- matia produced on the sterigmata ; /, asci mature and immature, surrounded with the adherent paraphyses ; g, a number of sporidia, showing their variation in size and form, d and g x 400 times. Fig. 68. — a, Crumenula urceoliformis, several cups on Vaccinium twigs, the natural size ; b, a cup magnified ; c, a section of the same ; d, an ascus with paraphyses ; e, two filiform sporidia ; /, stylospores on their sterigmata. d, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 69. — a, Ephelis Bhinanthi, nat. size ; b, mature cups mag- nified ; c, section of a cup ; d, an ascus with a para^hysis ; e, four sporidia ; /, spermatia with their sterigmata. d, e, and/ x 400 times. Fig. 70. — a, Patellaria clavispora, a group the nat. size ; b, two cups magnified; c, section of a cup; d, an ascus with several paraphyses; e, sporidia, showing stages of growth, d and e x 400 times. Fig. 71. — a, Beterosphceria patella, nat. size; b, a cup magnified; c, a section of a cup that has not yet split open at the top ; d, an ascus and paraphyses ; e, five sporidia ; /, stylospores. d, e, and / x 400 times. Fig. 72. — a, Laquearia sphceralis, a group the nat. size ; b, a single receptacle seen from above, enlarged ; c, a section of a receptacle more highly magnified; d, an ascus with paraphyses; e, five sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 73. — a, Propolis versicolor, the nat. size ; b, a single receptacle magnified ; c, a section of the same ; d, an ascus with paraphyses ; e, seven sporidia removed from an ascus. d and e X 400 times. Plate XII. Fig. 74. — a, Schmitzomia atro-alba, the nat. size ; b, three receptacles magnified ; c, section of a receptacle, showing how it is immersed in the matrix; d, an ascus and paraphyses; e, a filiform sporidium. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 75. — a, Stictis pallida, nat. size ; b, three receptacles magnified ; c, a section of a receptacle ; d, an ascus with paraphyses ; e, six sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 76. — a, Phacidium striatum, the nat. size ; b, two receptacles magnified, the one just splitting, the other having fully opened ; c, a section ; d, two mature asci with paraphyses ; e, six sporidia in different stages of development, d and e x 400 times. fig. 77. — a, Trochila craterium, on a fragment of a leaf, the nat. 446 DESCRIPTION OF FLATES. size ; b, four receptacles magnified; c, sections of the same; df an'ascus with paraphyses ; e, two sporidia. d and e x 400 times. Fig. 78. — a, Stegia Ilicis, on a portion of a holly-leaf, nat. size ; b, a receptacle magnified, showing the upper half of the perithecium splitting and becoming detached and exposing the hymenium ; c, an ascus ; d, five sporidia. c and d x 400 times. Fig. 79. — a, Ascomyces PotentiUce, on a portion of a branch of the host plant, which it has much enlarged ; b, b, a portion of the cellular tissue of the host plant, showing the mycelium of the Ascomyces ramifying between the cells of the epidermis and throwing up asci Cj c, through the cuticle; /, sporidia. 6, &, c, c, and/ x 400 times. W.H.del. Mintei-n. Bros . litK. . . del Minienv Ex os . . PI. WPdel. Mint em. Bt'OS - litK. PI . IV. w p d£i MintferniBros H V r CL d tan* L • % "Wh $> ^ & g^y Jf 87. W, ,bxiv 1'ros . lit A VI w. P. ad AinX erxvBi-os . lit-h.. pi .vn T,V P. del Mint em Bros LLtki. P] . W. P del Mintern. Bros . litK. V/ E df-1 . Mmtem. Bros lith W.P del. MLrvtera. Bros . J±th. PI. "N P. del. Minfcertt Bros . litH. XII ■ ® ' t® 9: e e o W H del . MirU-errt Bros . litK. INDEX, ACETABULA, Fckl. vulgaris, Fckl. Aleuria, Fckl. acetabulum (Linn.) alutacea (Pers.) . ampliata (Pers.) . aurantia ((Ed.) . auricula (Cooke) . badia (Pers.) brunneo-atra (Desna.) bulbosa (Hedw.) . carbonaria (A. and S.) cerea (Sow.) . cochlea ta (Bull.) . constellatio (B. and Br convexula (Pers.) . coralina (Cooke) . corium (Weber.) . Crouani (Cooke) . cupularis (Linn.) eximia (Dr. and Lev.) glumarum (Desm.) grandis (Pers.) . granulata (Bull.) helvelloides (Fries) hepatica (Batsch) humosa (Fries) leporina (Batsch) . leucoloma (Hedw.) macropus (Pers.) . maurilabra (Cooke) melaloma (A. and S.) micropus (Pers.) . ochracea, Karst. . ollaris ( Fries) ornphalodes (Bull.) onotica (Pers.) Polytiichi (Schum.) purpurascens (Pers.) pustulata (Pers.) . rapulum (Bull.) . repanda (Wahl.) . reticulata (Grev.) rutilans (Fries) . ) PAGE 44 44 44 61 78 56 54 59 77 205 49 74 60 86 95 102 205 84 47 68 97 61 94 206 99 92 53 91 207 94 109 63 62 103 106 52 87 77 72 50 66 67 89 Aleuria — continued. PAGE saniosa (Schrad.) . . 71 subhirsuta (Schum.) . . 103 succota (Berk.) . . . 70 venosa (Pers.) . . . 69 vesiculosa (Bull.) . . 74 violacea (Pers.) . . 81 violacens (Cooke). . 88 vivida (Nyl.) . 88 xanthomela (Pers.) . 97 Arachnopeziza, Fckl. aurelia (Pers.), Fckl. . . 280 Arthonia. melaspermella, Nyl. . 360 ASCOBOL.E.2E, Boud. . 284 ASCOBOLUS, Pers. . . 286 aerugineus, Fries . . 287 albidus, Crouan . . 289 amethystinus, Phil. . 90 argenteus, Curr. . . 306 atro-fuscus, Phil, and Plow. . 291 Boudieri, Renny . . 304 brunneus, Boud. . . 292 brunneus, Cooke . • . 292 carbonicola, Boud. . 291 carneus, Pers. . 309 ciliatus, Berk. . 313 cinereus, Crouan . . , . 308 citrinus, Cheval. . . . 370 Ccetnansii, Boud. . . 307 coccineus, Crouan . 102 consociatus (B. and Br.) . 312 Cookei, Crouan . 299 crenulatus, Karst. . 292 Crouani, Cooke . . . 84 erustaceus, Fckl. . . . 299 crustaceus, Karst . . 299 cunicidarius, Renny (i?. ar- genteus) . . . . . 301 denudatus, Fries . . 287 depauperatus, B. and Br. . 296 difforniis, Nyl. . 310 furfuraceus, Pers. . . 290 glaber, Ccemans . . 294 448 INDEX. PAGE Ascobolvs— continued. glaber, Pers. . . 288 granulatus, Fckl. . 94 granuliformis, Crouan . 307 gegasporus, De Not. . 293 immersus, Pers. . . 292 Jungermannia, B. and Br. . 102 Kerverni, Crouan . 294 lacteus, Cooke and Phil. . 306 Leveilleanus, Renny . . 3"2 macrosporus, Crouan . . 293 marginatum, Schum. . . 287 microsporus, B. and Br. . 307 mineatus, Crouan . 84 minutissimus, Boud. . . 305 myriadeus, Karst. . 299 neglectus, Boud. . . . 295 obscurus, Cooke . . . 295 ochraceus, Crouan . 311 parvisporus (Renny) . . 303 Pelletieri, Crouan . 293 Persoonii, Crouan . . 88 pilosus. Fries . 312 polysporus, Auers. . 299 saccharinus, Berk, and Cun . 310 sexdecimsporus, Crouan . 311 subhirtus (Renny) . 302 testaceus, Berk. . . 31i» Trifolii, Bernh. . . 199 vinosus, Berk. . 283 violasceus (Boud.), Phil, and Plow. 296 viridis, Curr. . 289 viridulus, Phil, and Plow. . 291 ASCOMYCES, M. and D. . 399 Alni, B. and Br. . . 403 bullatus, B. and Br. . 401 deformans, Berk. . . 401 Juglandis, Berk. . . 404 Potentillffi (Farlow) . . 402 Pruni(Tuh) . 400 Tosquinetii, West . . 4o3 Trientalis, Berk. . . 405 turgidus (Sadeb.) . . 404 ASCOPHANUS, Boud. . . 303 argenteus (Curr.) . . 306 aurora (Crouan) . . 308 Boudieri (Renny) . . 304 carneus (Pers.) . . 309 var. /3 cuniculi, Boud. . 309 var. 7 saccharinus (Berk . and Curr.) . 310 ciliatus (Berk.), Boud. . . . 313 cinereus (Crouan) . . 308 consociatus (B. and Br.) . 312 cuniculi (Boud.) . . , . 309 difformis (Boud.). . 310 granuliformis (Crouan) . 307 lacteus (Cooke and Phil.) . 306 microsporus (B. and Br.) . 307 minutissimus, Boud. . . 305 ochraceus (Crouan) . . 311 pilosus (Fries) . 312 var. ciliatus (B. and Br.) . 312 saccharinus (Berk, and Curr, ) . 310 sexdecimsporus (Crouan) . 311 6ubfuscus, Boud. . 305 testaceus (Moug.) , , . 310 PAGE Ascozonus, Renny. Crouani, Renny .... 300 cunicularis, Renny(R. argenteus) 301 Iveveilleanus, Renny . . . 302 Leveillei, Renny .... 302 parvisporus, Renny . . . 303 purpurea (Fckl.), Cooke . . 324 subhirtus, Renny . . . 303 Woolhopensis, Renny . . . 302 BELONIDITJM, Mont, and Dur. 148 culmicolum (Desm.) . . . 148 excelsius (Karst.) . . .150 filisporum (Cooke) . . . 152 lacustre (Fries) .... 149 minutissimum (Batsch) . . 149 pullum, Phil, and Keith . . 151 ventosum (Karst.) . . . 151 vexatum, De Not. . . . 148 Bispora. monilifera, Fckl. . . 130 Boletus. albus, Batt 14 BOUDIEBA, Cooke . . -285 areolata, Cooke and Phd. . . 285 BULGARIA, Fries . . .314 inquinans 314 pulla, Fries 315 sarcoides, Fries .... 323 BTJLGARIE^J ... . .313 CALLORJA, Fries . . .326 atro-virens. Fries . . . 325 auricolor (Blox.) . . . . 334 chrysostigma (Fries) . . . 328 coccinella (Sommf.) . . . 328 Coniicola, Cooke and Phil. . . 333 cornea (B. and Br.) . . . 332 dentata (Pers.) .... 332 diaphana (Sow.) .... 335 fusarioides (Berk.) . . . 331 inflatula (Karst.). . . . 335 lasia (B. and Br.). . . . 327 Leightoni, Phil 329 leucostigma (Fries) . . . 330 luteo-rubella (Nyl.-) . . .333 retrusa, Phil, and Plow . . 407 rubella (Pers.) .... 334 rubicola (Cooke and Phil.) . . 331 steriicola (Cooke) . . . . 328 ulcerata, Phil, and Plow. . . 330 vinosa (A. and S.) 333 xanthostigma (Fries) . . . 329 CE-NANG-ITTM, Fries . . .344 alneum (Pers.), Fckl. . . . 355 Aucuparioz (Pers.), Fries . . 354 Cerasi (Pers.), Fries . . . 341 conspersum (Fries), Fckl. . . 354 Ericce, Fries ..... 357 fascicularis (A. and S.), Gill . 337 ferruginosum, Fri* s . . . 346 Fraxini (Schw.), Tul. . . .355 fuliginosum, Fries . . . 348 furfuracea (Fries'), Gill. . . 337 ligustri (Tul.) Fckl. . . .353 plia^osporum, Cooke . . . 346 Pruuastri, Fries .... 345 INDEX. 449 PAGE 1 pack Cknangium — contin ued. Dasyscypiia, Fckl. . 231 pulveraceum, A. and S. . 347 bicolor (Bull.), Fckl. . . 219 Rihis, Fries .... . 349 calycina (Schum.), Fckl. . 241 Rubi, Berk . 350 cerina, Fckl. . 234 Rubi, Fries .... . 350 clandestina (Bull.), Fckl . 236 seriatum, Fries . 34S virqinea (Batscb.) Fckl. . 218 subnitidum, Cooke . . 347 DERMATEA . . 339 Ciccthospora, Fries. Cerasi (P*rs.) . 341 phacidioides, Grev. . 390 cinnamomea (D. C.) . 342 CHLOROSPLENIUM, Fries . 146 dryina, Cooke . 310 seruginosum (" Flo. Dan.") . 147 Fagi, Phil. . atro-virens, De Not. . 325 fascicularis (A. and S.), Fckl. versiforme (Pers.) 146 Frangulrica (Wigg.), Fckl livida (Sebum.), Fckl. scutellata (Linn.), Fckl. setosa, Nees . stercorea (Pers.), Fckl. umbrorum, Fckl. Hyalopeziza, Fckl. ciliaris (Schrad), FckK patula (Pers.), Fckl. . H^MENOSCYPHA. Fries advenula, Phil. ailrda (Rub.) var. iF.sculi , PAGE 9 25 25 16 16 125 17 56 58 13 10 15, 18 18 18 8 30 156 16 16 9 38 14 15 7 13, 17 18 11 16 11 23 207 12 11 14 13 12 17 16 17, 206 8 17 21 324 125 14 30 13 12 74 1 371 371 82 222 212 221 223 406 224 219 252 2.-U 111 133 138 138 llTMEXoscTrnA— continued amentacea (Balb.) amenti (Batsth) . aquatica (Curr.) . Aspeurenii (Fries) aurea (Pers.) bolaris (Batsch) . Broomei, Phil. Bryophila (Fries) cacaliae (Pers.) calyculus (Sow.) . Candolleana (Lev.) caucus (Rebent.) . ciboroides (Fries) . clavata (Pers.) concolor, Phil, coronata (Bull.) . var. inflexa (Bolt.) Curreyana (Berk.) cyathoidea (Bull.) var. Epilobii (Cooke) var. Solani (Pers.) Durijeana (Tul.) . eburnea (Rob.) echinophila (Bull.) electrina (Phil, and Plow.) emergens (Cooke and Ph'l.) filipes, Phil. . firma (Pers.) fructigena (Bull.) Hedwigii, Phil, lahurni (B. and Br.) luteo-virescens (Rob.) lutescens (Hedw.) monilifera (Fckl.) niridula (B. and Br.) petiolorum (Rob.) pseudo-tuberosa (Rebm) renisporum (fcllis) rhizophila (Fckl.) rhodoleuca (Fries) sclerotiorum (Lib.) scutula (Pers.) var. fucata, Phil. var. Lysimachia;, Phil. var. iipnthae, Phil. . var. Rudbeckiae, Phil serotina (Pers.) sordida (Fckl.) strobilina (Fries) . subtile (Fries) subularis (Bull.) . tuba (Bolt.) . tuberosa (Bull.) . Uriica; (Pers.) virgultorum (Vahl.) Hystf.kopeziza, Rabh. erumpens LACHNEA Fries, albo-spadicea (Grev.) . albotesticea (Desm.) . arenicola (Lev.) . var. Bloxami (&>oke) aurelia (Pers.) barbata (Kunze) . bicolor (Bull.) 132 PACE 120 143 134 124 139 124 129 125 145 136 14 120 117 141 139 127 127 116 140 141 141 115 145 122 142 139 116 123 135 130 135 121 131 130 141 144 119 143 144 131 115 136 137 137 137 138 125 144 133 132 122 126 113 141 134 197 197 22s 273 210 211 281 261 249 452 INDEX. Lachxea — continued. brunnea (A. and S.) bulbo-crinita, Phil. bulbosa (Hedw.) . ca>rulea (Bolt.) . ccesi'a.(Pers.) calycina (Sebum.) calyculiformis (Sebum.) earneo-sanguinea (Fckl.) caalicola (Fries) . cerina (Pers.) chavetice (Lib.) ciliaris (Schrad.) . clandestina (Bull.) coccinea (Jacq.) . cocotina (Cooke) . coprinaria (Cooke) corium (Weberb.) cornubiensis (B. and Br.) cortical is (Pers.) . cretea (Cooke) crucipila (Cooke and Phil.) Dalmeniensis (Cooke) diminuta (Rob.) . erecta (Sow.) fulvo-coccinea, Phil. geaster (B. and Br.) gregaria (Relmi) helvelloides (Fries) hemi-phsrica (Wicrg.) , binulea (B. and Br.) hirta (Schum.) hirto-coccinea (Phil, and Plow, var. fulvo-coccinea hyalina (Pers.) . bybrida (Sow.) lapidaria (Cooke) . livida (Sebum.) . macropus (Pers.) . melastoma (Sow ) micacea (Pers.) . nidulus (Kunze and Sebum. nivea (Hedw ) papillaris (Bull.) patens (Karst.) . pineti (Batsch) pygmaa (Fries) . radiculata (Sow.) . var. Percevalii, Phil. Jlosa3 (Pers.) rubra (Cooke) Bcutellata (Linn.) sepulta (Fries) 6etosa, Nees . spadicea (P^rs.) . stereo rea (Fries) . sulfur ea (Pers.) . Sumn ri na (Cooke) theleb* loides (A. an 1 S.) trechispora (B. and Br.) umbrata (Fries) . nmbrorum (Fckl.) variecolor (Fi ies) . virginea (Batsch) vitellina (Pers.) . Woolhopeia (Cooke and Phi LAC INELLA. Fries PAGE Lachnella, Phil. . 209 acutipila (Kaist.) . . 227 var. lffitior (Karst.) . . 205 acuum (A. and S.) . 230 albo-testacea (Desm.) . . 277 albo-violascens = Cyphella. . 241 apala (B. and Br.) . 237 aranea (De Not.) . . 222 araneo-cincta, Phil. . 237 Arpidii (Lib.), Fckl. . . 237 aspidiicola, B. and Br. . . 277 barbata (Kunze) . . 252 var. fi,pellita (Pers.) . 236 Berkelei (Blox.) . . 203 bicolor (Bull.) . 206 brunneola (Desm.) . 224 var. fagicola, Phil. . . 204 calycina, Schum. . . 229 var. Trevelyani, Cooke . 258 calyculaeformis (Schum.) . 228 candidata (Cooke) . 229 canescens (Cooke) . 227 caulicola (Fries) . . 253 eerina (Pers.) . 226 ciliaris (Schum.) . . 213 citricolor (B. and Br.) . . 210 clandestina (Bull.) . 214 Comitessae (Cooke) . 206 corticalis (Pers.) . . 211 crucifera, Phil. . 219 cupressi (Batsch) . . . 220 dematiicola (B. and Br.) ow.) . 212 diminuta (Rob.) . . 213 diplocarpa (Curr.) . 268 dumorum (Rob.) . . 214 echinulata (Awd.) . 211 episphaeria (Mart.) . 221 erythrostigma (B. and Br.) . . 207 escharodes (B. and Br.) . 216 hlicea (Cooke and Phil.) . 269 flammea, A. and S. .) . 264 fraxinicola (B. and Br.) . 245 fugiens, Phil. . 257 fuscescens (Pers.) . 239 grisella, Cooke and Phil. . 195 hyalina (Pers.) . 243 latebricola (Rehm) . 202 leuconica (Cooke) . 203 luteola (Curr.) . 279 luzulina, Phil. . 225 melazantha (Fries) . 222 mieacea, Pers. . 209 nidulus (Schm. and Kunze) . . 406 nivea (Hedw.) . 258 nula, Phil . 223 cedema (Desm.) . . 264 pab-arum (Desm.) . 213 papillaris (Bull.) . . 225 patula (Pers.) . 218 pellita, Pers. . 222 plano-umbilicata (Gr v.) . 219 prasina, Quelet . 260 Pterilis (A. and S.) . 248 punctoidea (Karst.) . 220 pygmaea (Fries) . H.) . 21-. rlenia ochracea. apala, B. and Br. . . 253 apophysata, Cooke and Phil . 54 aquosa, B. and Br. . 172 aranea, De Not. . . . 272 araneo-cincta, Phil. . 271 and Peziza— cont inued. araneosa, Bull. . araneosa. Sow. Arctii, Phil. . ardenensis, Mont. arenevaga, Desm. arenicola. Lev. var. Bloxami, Cooke argillacea, Sow. . artemisio?, Lasch. ascoboloides, Berk. ascoboloides, Mont. ascoboloides, Schw. Aspegrenii, Fries . Asperagi, Wint. . asperior, Nyl. aspidii, Lib. aspidiicola, B. and Br asterostoma, Phil. atrata, Pers. form foliicola, Desm var. Digitalina, Phil var. fi. ebuli, Karst atrata, Wahl. atratula, Nyl. atro-cinerea, Cooke atro-marginata, Phil, and Plow atro-rufa, Grev. . atro-virens, Pers. . Aucupariai (Pers.), Grev aurantia, OEd. var. atro-marginata, Phil. Plow. . var. stipitata, Phil. aurantiaca, Hartz. aurea, Sow. . aurelia, Pers. auricolor, Blox. . auricula, Cooke auricula, Scbaeff. . aurora, Crouan. . axillaris, Nees Babingtonii, Berk, badia, Pers. . barbata, Kunze . benesueda, Tul. . Berkeleii, Blox. . bicolor, Bull. Bloxamii, B. and Br. Bloxami, Cooke . bolaris, Batsch bovina, Phil. briophila, Fries . Browniana, Blox. . brunnea, A. and S. brunnea, Batsch . brunnea, Cooke . brunnee-atra, De^m brunneola, Desm. var. fagicola, Phil. buccina, Fries bufonia, Pers. bulbo-crinita, Phil. bulbosa (Hedw.) Nees bulgarioides, Rabh. Biillii, Smith cacalia, Pers. . TAGE 121 92 183 143 186 210 211 109 188 96 93 93 124 182 85 246 245 267 81, 188 184 190 187 366 181 176 57 216 325 354 56 57 57 56 157 280 334 54 53 308 93 111 58 263 174 246, 270 249 408 211 124 101 125 408 214 314 215 76 238 238 170 75 227 205 8, 146 194 145 209, 45a INDEX. PAGE PACK I'kziza — continued. Peziza — continued. ccerulea, Bolt. ... . 2;o conigena, Pers. . 168 CcEsia, Pers. ... . 277 coniicola, Cooke and Phil. . 333 caligata, Nyl. . . . 52 conmivens, Fries . . 365 callvsa, Bull. . 174 constellatio, B. and Br. . 86 tallunigena, Karst. . 356 convex ula, Pers. . . 95 calycina, Nyl . .21 4, 249 coprinaria, Cooke . 224 calycina, Schum . . 241 corallina, Cooke . . 102 var. Trevelyana, Cooke . . 242 corium, Weberb. . . 204 calycula'formis, Schum. . 237 cornea, B. and Br. . 332 calyculus, Fries . . 136 Cornubiensis, B. and Br. . 229 candidata, Cooke . . 273 coronaria, Jacq. . 68 Candulliana, Lev. 114 coronata, Bull. . 127 canescens, Cooke . . 259 cortkalis, Pers. . . 258 carbonaria, A . and S. . 49 crenata, Bull. 47 carbonigena. Berk. 103 crenulata, Fckl. . . 216 carnea, Cooke and Phil. 48 cretea, Cooke . 228 carnosissima, Phil. . 103 cribrosa, Grev. . 80 carpini, Batsch 123 crispa. Sow. . . 337 caucus, Rebeut. . 121 Crouani, Cooke 84 caulicola. Fries. . 236 crucifera, Phil. . . 250 cerasi, Grev. 341 crucipila, Cooke and Phil. . 230 ceran, Pers 341 culmicola, Desm. . . 148 cerastiorum, Wallr. . 200 cupressi, Batsch . . 240 cerea, Sow 74 cupressina, Pers. . . 240 cerina, Pers . 233 cupularis, Linn. . . 47 cervaria, Phil. 100 var. carbonaria, "Weinm. . 49 Chailletii, Pers. . 371 Currei, Berk. . 117 Chateri, Smith 89 Curreiana, Tul. . . 117 Chavetiop, Lib. 277 Curreyana, Berk. . 117 chrysophcea, Pere. 377 Cyathoideu, Bull. . . 140 chrysopthalma, Gerard. 95 Dalmeniensis, Cooke . . 227 chrysostigma, Fries 328 dematicecola, B. and Br. . 2o6 ciborioides, Fries . 117 denigrans, Fckl. . . 132 ciborium. Fries . 45 dentata, Pere. . 332 var. major, B. and Br. . 45 denticulata, Schum. 127 ciliaris, Sclirad. . . 250 depressa, Phil. . 101 var. /3. globulifera . 250 depressula, Nyl. . . 187 ciliata, Bull. . 224 dichroa, Holms. . . 56 ciliata, Hoffm. 223 Digitalina, Phil. . . 190 cinerea, Batsch 173 dilutella, Fries . 192 tin nabarina, Schw. 85 dimiuuta, Rob. . . . . 253 cinnamomea, D. C. 342 diplocarpa, Curr. . . 232 citricolor, B. and Br. . 261 domestica, Sow. . . 107 titrina, Batsch . . 157 domitiliana, Cooke . 62 clandestina, Bull. 236 dumorum, Desm. . . 262 var. calyculiformis, Schum. . 237 liuriazana, Tul. . . 115 var. caulicola, Fries . 236 Ebuli, Karst. . 187 var. latebricola (Rehm) . 237 eburnea, Rob. . 145 var. patens, Fries 239 echinophila, Bull. . 122 claro-flava, Grev. 165 eChinulata, Aud. . . 250 clavariarum, Desm. = Sphceria. eclecta, Berk, and Cooke 96 clavata, Pers. 141 effugiens, Rob. . . . . 196 clavus, A. and S. . 325 elaphines, B. and Br. . . 180 coctinea, Jacq 203 electrina, Phil, and Plow. . . 142 coccinea, Schasff. . . . 56 emergens, Cooke and Phil. . . 139 coctinea, Sow 56 ei'iS7 fusispora, Berk. . . 103 Lecanora Schum. . 374 var. aggregata. Berk. . . 104 lechithina .... H6 var. Scotica. Rabh. . . 104 lecideola, Fries 364 geaster, B. and Br. . 210 Ledi, A. and S. . 337 geaster, Rabh. . 68 leiocarpa, Curr. 65 glandicola, Doass. . 120 lenticularis, Bull. 157 glumaruru, Desm. . 97 lentifera, Bolt. = Cyathus verni Godroniana. Mont. . , . 241 cosus. graminis, Desm. . , 186, 190 leporina, Batsch . 52, 53 grandis, Pers. . 61 leporina, Rabh 54 granulata, Bull. . . , . 94 leporina, Sow. . 52 gregaria, Rehm . . 215 leptospora, B. and Br. . 320 Grevillei. Berk. . . , . 180 leucoloma, Hedw. 91 grisella, Cooke and Phil. . 260 leucoloma, Karst. . 8 7 h.emastigma, Hedw. . . 107 leuconica, Cooke . , 267 Helminthosporii, Blox. , . 149 leucophaa, Pers. . . . 265 helotioides, Fries . . , . 159 leucostigma, Fries . . . 330 helvtlloides, Fries . 206 leuculenta, Cooke 59 hemispherica, Wigg. . . 211 Lichenoides, Pers. 277 var. minor, Nyl. . 215 ligniaria, Karst. 99 var. proximella, Karst. . . 215 lignyota, Fries . 360 hepatica, Batsch . 99, 100 linteicola, Phil. aDd Plow. . 64 htrbarum, Pers. . . 166 litoralis, Phil, and Plow. . 363 458 INDEX. PAGE 'AGE Pjbziza- continued. Peziza — continued. livida Schum. . . , 221 papillaris, Bull. . . ( . 257 lividula, Phil 76 pattUaria, Pers. . . 366 lurida, Pers. 197 patula, Pers. 250, 251 Ititea. Reich 224 paidula, Rob. . 186 lateola, Curr. . 247 pedicellata, Sow. . . 140 luteo-niteus, B. and Br. 58 pellita, Pers. . 263 luteo-niteus. Cooke . . , 59 Percevali, Berk, and Cooke . 45 luteo-rubella, Xyl. 333 peristoviealis, B. and Br. . 201 luteo-viresetns, Rob. . 121 Persoonii, Moug. . 321 lutescens, Hedw. . 131 petaloidea, Cooke and Phil. 46 luzulina, Phil. 244 petiolorum, Rob. . . 132 lycoperdioides, D. C. 74 phascoides, Fries . . 169 macrwalyx, Reiss. 68 Phillipsii, Cooke . . 90 macrocalyx, Wor. Smith 68 phlebophora, B. and Br. . 55 macrocystis, Cuoke 91 phylophylla, Desm. . 163 macropus, Pers. 1 6, 207 Piggotii, B. and Br. . 106 J/a?i, Rehm . 194 pi lifer a, Cooke 93 mar chant w, B. . 164 pineti, Batsch . 195 marginata, Sow. . 380 plano-umbWcata, Grev. . 274 maura, Phil, and Plow. 368 Plantagin is (Fckl.) . 184 maurilabra, Cooke . 94 pleurota, Phil. . 51 inelaloma, A. and S. . 109 plicata, Pers. . . . 72 melanotheja, Fries , 370 plumbea, Grev. . . 262 melanozantha, Fries . 266 pluvialis, Couke . . 108 melastoma, bow. . 216 poculiformis, Hoffm. . . 204 melatephra, Lasch. 189 p ilymorpha, With. . 314 melazantha, Fries . 370 Polytrichi, Karst. . 84 mellea, Cooke and Plow. . 78 Folytrichi. Rabh. 88 Mentha1,, Phil. 137 Polytrichi, Schum. . 87 Mercurialis, Fckl. 183 postuma, Berk, and Wilson . 115 micacea, Pers. 269 prasina, Quelet . . 261 micrometra, B. and Br. 184 prunastri, Grev. . . 345 rnicropup, Pers. . 63 Prunicola, Fckl. . . 279 var. flavida, Phil. 64 psammophila, Berk, and Cui •t. . 219 miliaris, Wall. = M. epithalina 173 pseudo-tuberosa, Rehm . 119 minutissima, Batsch . 149 Pteridis, A. and S. . 257 mistura?, Phil. 100 pulveracea, A. and S. . . 348 monilifera, Fckl. . 130 pulverulenta, Auers. . . 247 muralis, Sow. . . . 48 punctiformis, Grev. . , . 168 mutabilis, B. and Br. . 278 punctoidea, Karst. . 269 nervisequia, Pers. 179 purpuraseens, Pers. . 77 nidulus, Grev. 264 pustulate, Pers. . 66, 72 nigra, Bull .... 314 pygma>a, Fries . 213 nigra, Sow. = P. clavariarunt pyxidata, " Flo. Dan." . . 125 Desm. radiata, Pers. . 127 nigro-punctata, Gerard 367 radicata, Holms. . . 50 nitidula, B. and Br. . 142 radicidata, Sow. . . 203 nivea, Fries .... 245 var. Percevali, Phil. . . 2*3 nivea, Sow. = virginea, Batsch. . 134 radula, B. and Br. . 71 nwda, Phil 247 rapula, Pers. . 50 ocellata, Pers. 374 rapulum, Bull. . . . 50 ochracea, Boud 62 recedens, Phil. . 143 ochracea, Grev. . . . 169 repanda, Wahl. . . 66 ochracea, Karst. . . . 52 resinai, Fries = Lecidea. ochroleuca, Holt. . , 123 'resinaria, Cooke and Phil. . 242 oedema, Desm. . 271 reticulata, Grev. . . 67 (Enanthes, Phil. . . 182 retrusa, Phil, and Flow. 408 olivacea, Batsch . . 361 rhabarbarina, Berk. . . 343 ollaris, Fries 102 rhabdosperma, B. and Br. . . 280 omphalodes, Bull. 106 rhizopus, A. and S. . . . 216 onotica, Pers. . . 52 rhodoleuca, Fries. . 131 Oocardii (Kalch.) . . 98 Rhytisma, Phil. . . 250 palearum, Desm. . . 239 Ribesia, Pers. . 350 pallescens, Pers. . . 158 rivulosa, Quelet . 94 pallido-virescens, Phil. . 121 Eosce, Pers. . . 279 palustris, Rob. . 190 rosea, Schum. . . , . 52 INDEX. 459 Peziza — continued. Pvoumegueri, Karst. var. carnosissima^Phil. rubella, Pers. rubicola, Cooke and Phil. rubra, Cooke rudis, Berk. rufo-olivacea, A. and S. rutilans, Fries salicaria, Pera. salicella, Fries salmonicola, B. and Br. sanguima, Pers. . sauiosa, Schrad. . Sdrcoides, Pers. . schizospora, Phil. Sckumacheri, Fries var. plumbea, Grev. . Schweinitzii, Auers. . Scirpi, Rabh. scleiotii, Fckl. sclerotioides, Berk. sclerotiorum, Lib. fcrupulosa, Karst. scutellata, Batsch scutellata, Bolt. . scutellatd, Cooke . scutellata, Linn. . scutula, Pers. var. fucata, Phil. var. Mentha', Phil. . var. lludbeckice, Phil. semi-immersa, Karst. . sepiatra, Cooke sepulta, Fries serotina, Pers. sessilis. Sow. = a Cyphella. setosa, Nees . sicula, Inzeng. siparia, B. and Br. Smyrnii, Phil. Solani, Pers. solfatera, C<>oke and Kllis sordida, Fckl. Sowerbei, Cooke . Sowerbea, Pers. . spadicea. Fries s^7/ cerioides (Desm.) . sporotricha, Oud. spurcatd, Pers. . stercoral id, Bull. stercorea. Fries . stercoreo. Per-. stereicola, Cooke . sUrlgmatizans, Phil. . Stecensoni, B. and Ur. . st'pitata, Bull. Slockii, Cooke and I'liil. straminum, B. and Br. striata, Fries slrigosa, Fries = Exc;puld %t strobilina, Fries . subhirsuta, Sebum. var. macrocyatis, Cooke sublicia, Holms. . Bubrepanda. Cooke and Phil. tubtilis, Flies TAGE PAGB Peziza — continued. . 104 subtilissima, Cooke 244 . 104 subularis, Bull 122 . 334 subulata, Schum. 127 . 331 subulipes, Pers 123 . 225 succosa, Berk 70 . 322 sulphurata, Schum. 162 . 275 sulphurea, Pers. . . .25 9, 264 89 var. leucopha>a, Pers. 265 . 174 sulphureo-casia, Schum. 260 . 160 Summriana, Cooke 213 . 98 Tdmi, Desm. , 270 . 281 tectoria, Cooke . 77 . 70 testdced, Moug 310 . 323 Teucrei, Fckl 176 . 87 theleboloides, A. and 5. 225 . 262 var. rubra, Cooke 225 . 262 thejocrod, Pers. . 161 239 tomipord, Phil 272 . 152, 409 trachycarpa, Curr. 65 . 115 trechispord, B. and Br. 218 . 170 Trevelyand, Cooke 242 . 115 trichoded, Phil, and Plow. . , 234 . 272 tricolor. Sow. 240 221 Trifoho urn, Lib. 199 . 224 tripolii, B. and Br. 330 . 220 truncotula, Rebent. 349 . 223 tuba, B It 126 . 137 tuba, Fries .... 126 . 137 tuberosa, Bull. 113 . 137 Typhce, Cooke . 188 . 138 ulceratd, Phil, and Plow. . 330 95 ulmarice, Lasch. . . 182 . 79 umbratd, Cooke . . 219 . 210 umbrata, Fries 222 . 125 umbrina, Pers. . 60 umbrorum, Fckl. . . 219 . 406 umbrosd, Fries . . .21 9, 222 . 68 urceoliformis, Karst. . 356 . 276 undata, Wor. Smith 79 . 192 unicisa. Peck 52 . 141 Urtica?, Pers. . 141 . 247 urticiola, Phil. 177 . 144 variecolor, Fries . 259 . 92 vectis, B. and Br. . . 284 . 203 venosa, Cooke . 67 . 258 venosa, Pers. . 69 . 187 venosa, Weberb. . 69 . 267 ventosa, Karst. 151 . 72 versicolor, Desm. . 195 . 290 versiformis, Pers. 146 . 224 var. liuidd, Fries 146 . 224 vesiculosa. Bull. . 73 . 328 var. cerea, liehm . 74 K0 vexata, Karst. . 149 . 235 vibum'cola, B. and Br. 185 . 207 villosa, Pers. = Cyphclla. . 261 vinosa, A. and S. . . 333 . 196 viol icea, Pers. 81 . 141 viola^cens, Cooke 88 triy sa. viryinea. Batsch . . 248 . 133 virguHoruin, Fries 134 . 108 var. fi.fructigena 134 91 virgultorum, Vahl. 134 . 207 viridaria, B. and Br. 82 80 viridi\ Bolt. 395 . 132 vitellina, Pers. . . 221 460 INDEX. PAGE Peziz a— continued. vivida, Nyl. . 88 vulcanalis, Peck . 47 vulgaris, Fries 335 var. ft. diaphana, Sow. 335 TTawcftii, Grev. . 280 Willkommii, Hartig. . 241 Woolhopeia, Cooke and Phil. . 215 Wrightii, Berk. . 86 xanthomela, Pers. 97 xavthostigma, Fries . 329 PEZIZ^J .... . 41 Pezizella. mali, Rehm .... . 194 sordida, Fckl. . . 144 Pezizcla 299 Crustacea, Karst 299 PHACIDIACE^J . 387 PHACIDIUM, Fries . 387 abietinum, Schmidt . 392 Arctostaphyli, Karst. . 391 Caltha?, Phil. 391 carbonaceum, Fries . 396 Cerastiorum, Gill. 200 coronatum, Fries . 394 dentatum, Schmidt 393 Ilicie, Lib 390 Lauro-cerasi, Desm. . 397 leptidium, Fries . 395 litigiosum, Rob. . 200 minutissimum, Awd. . 389 multivalve, Fries 390 patella, Fries . . . . 371 Pini (A. and S.), Fries 392 quadratum, Schmidt . 395 radians, Rob 388 Ranunculi, Cooke 200 repandum, Fries . . 395 Rubi, Fries .... 394 simulatum, B. and Br. 390 striatum, Phil, and Plow. . 392 tetrasporum, Phil, and Keith 388 Trifolii (Bemh.) . . 199 Vaccinii, Fries , 389 valvatum, Schmidt . 393 Phallus. conicus, " Flo. Dan." . . 21 crassipes, Vente. . 5 esculentus, Linn. . 3 gigas, Batsch 6 monachella, Scop. 14 patulus, Gled. 7 rete, Batsch .... 7 squamosum, Vente. 6 Phaloboletus. esculentus, Mich. , . 6, 7 Phialia. albida (Rob.) . . . . 138 aranea (De Not.) , 272 Aspegrenii (Fries) . . . 124 bryophila (Fries) . . 125 cacalioz (Pers.) , 145 calyculus (Sow.) . . 136 capillipes, Quelet . . 116 caucus (Rebent.) . . 121 ciborioides (Fries) . 118 coronata (Bull.) . . 127 PAOfl Phialia — continued. citrina (Hedw.) .... 157 clavata (Pers.) . . . .141 culrnicola (Desm.) . . .149 cupressina (Batsch) . . . 240 Curreyana (Berk.) . . . 117 cyathoidea (Bull.) . . .110 echinophila (Bull.) . . .122 firma (Pers.) . . . .123 fructigena (Bull.) . . .135 fusca (Pers.) .... 282 infiexa (Bolt.) . . . .128 luteo-virescens (Rob.) . . .121 lutescens (Hedw.) . . . 131 Ptrsoonii (Moug.) . . .321 petiolorum (Rob.) . . .132 phyllophila (Desm.) . . . 163 sanguinea (Pers.) . . . 281 sclerotior um (Lib.) . . .115 scutula (Pers.) .... 137 subtile (Fries) . . . .132 subularis (Bull.) .... 123 tuba (Bolt.) 126 tuberosa (Bull.) .... 113 versicolor (Desm.) . . . 195 Phlyctidium. Ranunculi, Wallr. . . . 200 Phragmophora. amphibola, Mass 352 Pirott^a, Sacc. .... 2*4 vectis (B. and Br.) ' . . . 2 - 1 Pistillaria. micans, " Eng. Flo." ... 30 Pithya. cupressina, Fckl. . . . 240 Plectanea. coccinea (Jacq.) . . . .204 melastoma (Sow.) . . . 216 Plicaria, Fckl. badia, Fckl. .... 59 cerea, Fckl 74 foveata, Fckl 66 pustulata, Fckl 72 repanda, Fckl 66 reticulata, Fckl 67 PROPOLIS, Fries . . .373 angulosa, Karst 378 chrysophaaa (Pers.) . . .377 faginea (Schmidt), Karst. . . 376 hysterioides (Desm.), Fckl. . . 384 Lecanora (Schum.) . . .374 var. Populi, De Not. . . 3T4 nivea, Fries . . • . .3*1 phacidioidess Fries . . .391 fopuli, De Not 374 Pyri(B. and Br.). . . .375 rhodoleuca, Fries .... 375 rhodoleuca (Sommf.) . . . 375 var. Strobilina, Desm. . . 375 Rosa;, Fckl 377 versicolor, Fries .... 376 Pseudo-hklotilm, Fckl. hyalinum, Fckl 268 pineti, Fckl. .... 195 Pseudo-peziza, Fckl. . . . 198 Jungermannio', Fckl. . . . 102 Trifolii (Bernh.), Fckl. . . 199 INDEX. 4G1 PSTLOPEZIA Berk. Babinrtonii, Berk. niyrothecioides, B. and Br. Pcstularia, Cooke . cupularis, Fckl. . micrnpus, Fckl. . vesiculosa, Fckl. . PVRENO-PEZTZA, Fckl. atra, Fckl. . Chailletii, Fckl. . Plantagines, Fckl. Rubi (Fries), Rehm Ptronema, Fckl. confluens, Tul. Marianum, Carus melalomum, Fckl. omphalodes, Fckl. subhirsutmn, Fckl. RHIZINA, Fries . laevigata, Fries nigro-olivacea, Curr. undulata, Fries . Riiizopodella, Cooke Rhttisma, Fries. radicalis, Cooke . KYPAROBIUS, Bond argenteus (B. and Br.) Cookei (Crouan), Boud Crouani (Renny) . dubius, Boud. Leveilleanus (Renny) parvisporus (Renny) subhirtus (Renny) Woolhopensis, Renny SACCOBOLTJS, Boud, caesariatus, Renny depauperatus (B. and Br.) Kerverni (Crouan), Boud. neglectus, Boud. . obscurus (Cooke) . violaceus, Boud. . Sarcodea, Karst. Sarcoides *urnalis Sarcoscypha, Fries . SCHMITZOMIA, Fries. annulata (Cooke and Phil.) arundinacea (Pers.) atro-alba, Phil, and Plow. Berkeleyana, Dr. and Lev. decipiens, Karst. nivea (Pers.), De Not. . radiata (Linn.) So.eroderris (Fries), De Not. amphibola (Mas.) Gill. fuliginosa (Fries), Karst. ribesia (Fries), Karst. . SCLEROTINIA, Fckl. . Batschiana, Zopf. Candolleana (Lev.), Fckl. Libertiana, Fckl. . Scutellinia, Cooke tuber osa (Hedw.), Fckl. Scutellinia, Cooke . Sl'PDLTARIA, Cooke , . SPATHULARIA, Pers. crispa, Corda PACE 110 110 111 71 47 63 74 178 181 371 184 350 105 106 106 109 106 103 40 41 361 40 216 358 298 301 299 300 300 301 303 302 302 297 296 294 295 295 296 324 202 378 379 3*0 379 379 379 381 380 352 384 350 112 119 114 115 217 113 217 208 30 30 Spathularta- -con tinned, flava, Swartz flavida, Pers. SPHyERIA. arbuti. Sow. Aucupariat, Pers. . bifrcns, Sow. concava, Sow. craterium, " Eng. Flo." patella, Pers. penetrans, a. patella, Tode Ribesia, Link. Sph^erobolus. rosaceus, Tode Sphinctrina, Fries. = Lichen. STAMNARIA, Fckl. . Persoonii (Moug.) STEGIA, Fries . arundinacea, Fckl. ilicis, Fries . STICTE^E. Fries . STICTIS, Pers. . annulata, Cooke and Phil. arundinacea, Pers. Berkeleyana, Dr. and Lev. chrysopha>a, Pers. Fagicola, Phil. graminum, Pesm. . hysterioides, Desm. Lecanora, Fries . var. Pyri, B. and Br. liclienicola, Mont. longa, Fries . microstoma, Carm. nivea, Pers. . ocellata, Fries pallida, Pers. parallel a, Fries . phacidioides, Fries Pteridina (Phil, and Buck.) punctiformis, Pers. radiata, Pers. rhodoleuca, Sommf. var. strobilina, Desm. eeriata, Lib. . spha'ralis, Fries . versicolor, Fries . var. Strobilina, Desm. Wauchii, Berk. =Rhytisma mum. TAPE SI A (Pers.), Fries aur lia, Pers. caesia (Pers.) var. chavetiae . chavetia?, Lib. eriobasis (Berk.) . fusca (Pers.) . Johnstoni, Berk. . mutabilis (B. and Br.) . rhabdosperma (B. and Br.) Ros:i' (Pers.) var. Prunicola (Fckl.) eanguinea (Pers.). variecolor, Fckl. . Taphrina, Tul. alnitorqua, Tul. . PAGE . 30 30 . 391 . 354 . 390 . 398 . 397 . 371 . 371 . 350 . 380 . 321 . 321 . 398 . 177 . 398 . 372 . 381 . 330 . 331 . 379 . 377 . 385 381, 386 . 384 . 374 . 375 . 382 . 386 . 383 . 381 . 374 . 383 . 386 . 391 . 384 . 386 . 380 . 375 . 375 . 385 . 372 • . 376 . 375 maxi- 276 2^0 277 277 277 273 ._,s.j 282 270 280 279 271 289 259 403 462 INDEX. Tavhris a— continued. PAGE bullata, Fckl. . 402 deformans, Tul. . . 401 Pruni, Tul. . . 400 Tormantillo?, Rost. . 402 Tarzetta, Cooke . 46 THECOTHEUS . 297 Pelletieri (Crouan), Boi id. . . 297 Tremklla, Linn. sarcoides, With. . . 324 Trichopeziza, Fckl. aranea (De Not.), Sacc . 272 Aspidii (Lib.), Fckl. . 246 nivea (Hedw.), Fckl. . 245 pulveracea, Fckl. . . 257 sulphurea (Fries), Fck! . 264 Trichoscypha, Cooke . 126 TROCHILA, Fries . 396 Buxi, Capron . 397 craterium. Fries . . 396 Lauro-cerasi (De?m ) . . 397 phacidioides, Karst. . 391 radians, De Not. . 389 Eubi, De Not. . 350 salicaria, De Not. . 174 TYMPANIS, Toda . 351 alnea (Pers.), Fries . 355 amphii ola (Mass.) . 352 Aucupariaj (Pers.) . 351 conspersa, Fries . . 354 Frangulgp, Fries . . 351 Fraxini (Schwz.) , . 355 Tympanis— continued. laracina (Fckl.) . . liguotri, Tul. obtexta, Wallr. var. pezizcpfortnis, Wallr. patella, Wallr. Ribis, Wallr. saligna, Fries Velutaria, De Not. rufo-olivacea, A. and S. 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