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HELICID^E.

PLATE 1.

SECOND SERIES: PULMONATA.

MANUAL

OF

OGY;

STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC.

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SPECIES.

GEORGE W, TRYON, JR.

CONTINUATION BY

HENRY A. PILSBRY,

CONSERVATOR OF THE CONXHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY 6"
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

X.

AMERICAN BULIMI AND BULIMULI.
STROPHOCHEILUS, PLEKOCHEILUS, AURIS, BULIMULUS.

PHILADELPHIA:
3Pu.blish.ed by Concliological Section

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
OF PHILADELPHIA.
1895-6.

" THE number of species described by authors who cannot determine their
affinities increases annually, and I regard the naturalist who puts a described
plant into its proper position in regard to its allies as rendering a greater
service to science than its describer when he either puts it into a wrong place
or throws it into any of those chaotic heaps, miscalled genera, with which
systematic works still abound." — Sir Joseph Hooker, Flora Brit. Ind., i, vii.

In the volumes treating of Bulimiforra snails I shall follow the
plan of the several later volumes on Helices, endeavoring to make
the identification of species as easy as is possible in the present con-
dition of conchological science. Although the descriptions are
constructed upon a model differing slightly from that of PfeifFer,
and in a tongue less terse, still I have aimed at the concise style and
directness of the great German; and when the material before me
rendered it possible, tables or "keys" have been introduced, to
further lessen the tedious labor of specific identification.

A classification of the entire group with anatomical details will
be presented upon the completion of the volumes descriptive of the
shells, as it seems convenient to make such division rather than to
lengthen the text by the inclusion of a consideration of the soft
anatomy. As in the Helices, the general classification of Bulimi
seems to require fundamental reformation ; and in many cases
characters never before used in their taxonomy are herein con-
sidered diagnostic of groups. The resulting re-arrangement of
species greatly modifies zoogeographic inferences based upon the
older groupings, and it is believed throws new light upon the prob-
lems of animal distribution.

H. A. P.

(iii)

CONTENTS.

Family HELICID^E (subfamily Acavince, or Macroogona.) . . 1

Bulimus vs. Strophocheilus 2

Genus Strophocheilus Spix 5, 194

Subgenus Borus Albers 10, 194

Subgenus Dryptus Albers 37

Subgenus Thaumastus Albers 43, 198

Family BULIMULIDJE 62

Genus Ptekocheilus Guilding 62, 198

Subgenus Eurytus Albers 69

Genus Auris Spix (Pachyotus of authors.) 95

Subgenus Otostomus Beck 107

Subgenus Eudolichotis Pilsbry 108

Subgenus Gonyostomus Beck 121

Genus Bulimulus Leach 125

General classification of the Bulimuli 126

Subgenus Bostryx Trosch. (Bulimuli with smooth apical

whorls. South American.) 127

Section Platybostryx Pilsbry 129

Section Ataxus Albers 130

Section Bostryx Trosch el 133

Section Temesa H. & A. Adams 134, 200

Section Geopyrgus Pilsbry 135, 200

Section Geoceras Pilsbry 136

Section Peronseus Albers 138

Section Lissoacme Pilsbry 154

Dates of Publication, parts 37-40 200

Reference to Plates 201

Index to Genera, Subgenera, etc 213

[NoTK. — The remaining subgenera of Bulimulus will be included in
Volume XI of the MANUAL.]

(iv)

STROPHOCHEILUS. 1

Genus STROPHOCHEILUS Spix, 1827.
(=Slrophocheilu$-{-Borus-\-I)ryptus-\- Orphnus of authors).

Strophocheilus SPIX in Wagner, Test. Fluv. Bras., etc. p. 12, and
on plate XI (for S. Juemastomns Sp\x=Helix ovata Miiller, and S.
almeida Sp'ix=Helix pudica Miiller). — Melania (in part) PERRY,
Conchology, 1811, pi. 29. Not Melania Lamarck, 1799. — Bulimus
SCOPOLI, Delicite Florre et Faunae Insubricse, i, p. 67 (1786). Not
Bulimus Scopoli, Introductio ad Hist. Nat. p. 392 (1777). — Bnlimns
LAMARCK, 1801, Montfort, 1810, and (in part) of all subsequent
writers on South American land snails. — Bulinus SOWERBY (in
part), P. Z. S., 1834, p. 141, and Conchological Illustrations. Not
Bulinus Miiller, Der Naturforscher xv, p. 6 (1781). — Helix, sub-
genus Coehlostyla, second group. Aplotosmce (err. typog.) in part;
FER., Tabl. p. 48 ; also, subgenus Cochlogena, third group, Lomas-
tomce (in part), FER., Tabl., p. 54.

For general anatomy, dentition and (incorrect /) figures of geni-
talia, see SEMPER, Reisen p. 150, pi. 14, f. 10; and VON IHKRING,
Bull. Sci. de la France et de la Belgique, xxiii p. 213, pi. 5, f. 11.

Shell ovate, more or less lengthened, always much higher than
wide ; of moderate or large size, with 4 to 7-i whorls. Apex obtuse.
Several earlier whorls forming the large nepionic shell (or part form-
ed within the egg), which is usually sculptured differently from the
post-natal portion. Post-uepionic shell consisting of 2* whorls or
less. Aperture vertical or nearly so, much higher than wide ; per-
istome reflexed, expanded, or simple and obtuse; columella with a
convex fold or simple. Type S. pudicus Miiller.

Soft parts externally as in Helicidce (Manual IX, p. xxviii),
but labial processes more strongly developed, lobed. Genitalia of
the Protogonous type, but with an appendicula as in Panda and
Caryodes. Jaw completely solid, smooth or ribbed. Radulain gen-
eral as in Helicida1, the rhachidian and lateral teeth unicuspid by
fusion of the cusps, marginals, or some of them, with an ectocone
added. Reproducing by large oval or oblong hard-shelled white
eggs. Habits terrestrial.

Distribution, tropical and temperate South America and some
adjacent islands. Mainly east of the Andean watershed.

The genus Strophocheilus represents, in our opinion, a line diver-
gent from the early PROTOGONA, probably allied to the Australian
forms of Old World large-egged Helices which we have called
1

2 STROPHOCHEILUS.

Macronyona (Man. Conch. IX, pp. xxxii, 148). These Bulhni
are, therefore, just as genuine Helices as the genera Polygyra,
Acavus or Panda. The tendency to separate "Bulimoid" from
" Helicoid " genera seems in the light of present knowledge a wrong
one ; and it is daily becoming clearer that the character of shell-
contour is of quite secondary value.

From the above definition and synonymy, the critical student of
malacology and its literature will at once and rightly conclude that
the present group is not only different in name from the genus
" Bulimus" as defined in Die Heliceen, Die Binnenmollusken Ven-
ezuelas, etc., but that it differs widely in limits also. Plekoeheilus,
Eurytus and Pachyotus formerly classed here, have been removed.
The former two have small eggs and consequently far smaller
nepionic shells, flagellum-bearing penis, finely plaited jaw, etc., — all
features which effectually sunder them from the Strophocheilus and
Borus group. The distinction is not only visible to the anatomist,
but the comparative size of the embryo at time of extrusion from
the egg offers a good conchological feature observable in any spec-
imen having the spire perfect and unworn. Pachyotus is a group
reproducing by minute eggs and having various differential char-
acters to be more fully discussed later.

History of the names Bulinus, Bulimus and Strophocheilus.

1757. ADANSON, in his Histoire Naturelle du Senegal, Coquil-
lages, p. 5, pi. 1, Genus II, describes and figures under the name
" Le Bulin. Bulinns " a small fresh-water snail like a Physa but with
even-edged mantle, and belonging to the genus of Planorbince now
known under the names Bulinus, Ameria, Physopsis, etc. The ety-
mology of Bulinus is unknown, for most of Adansou's names are
new arbitrary combinations ; but it is likely that the French word
Bulle was its basis. As Adanson's names are not Linnrean in form,
and were published before the period universally adopted as the
starting-point of binomial zoological nomenclature, it is obvious that
they can properly have no bearing, whatever, upon modern nomen-
clature. When revived by post-Linnsean authors, they must date
from the time of such revival, without reference to Adanson's prior
use. Any other course would admit Adausonian names for a large
proportion of the Linnrean and Lamarckian genera.

STROPHOCHEILUS. 6

PoST-LlNN^EAN.

1777. SCOPOLI, in the Introductio ad Historiam Naturalium,
restricts the genus Helix of Linnseus, and proposes BULIMUS
ADANS. Testa univalvis, non umhilicata ; apertura ovali. Mollus-
cwn tentaculis binis, basi appendiculatis ; puncto ophtalinoide dis-
tincto aut radical! SWAMMERDAM. Tab. IX, Fig. 4.

" Helix ptitris,fragilis, stagnalis, tentaculata LINN, nee non alias non
paucre terrestres Cl. MULLERII."

The figure of Swammerdam referred to as representing the char-
acters of animal, represents a Dutch Limncea, species uncertain, prob-
ably stagnalis or palustris. The Linnrean species cited are : Helix
putris (==SuGcinea amphibia Auct.), H. fragilis and stagnalis (=
Limncea), and H. tentaculata (=Bythinia). It ivill be noted that no
land shells are named. This is the first appearance of the name
Bulimus in scientific literature.

As Scopoli quotes the name as of Adanson, it has been surmised
that " Bulimus " was a typographical error for " Buliuus." Whether
this was the case or not would have absolutely no effect upon our
use of the name, for (1) Scopoli's group does not rest upon Adanson
for its elucidation, nor does he refer to Adanson's page or plate ; (2)
that it was a typographical error cannot be proven ; it may have
been an emendation on etymological grounds, and Scopoli's subse-
quent use of the same orthography would show it to have been a
deliberate change; and finally (3) Adansou being pre-Linnsean can-
not prejudice properly proposed post-Linna^an names.

It would appear that Bulimus Scopoli, by the process of elimina-
tion, must replace the generic name Bythinia. Conf. Dall, Trans.
Wagner, Free Inst. Sci. iii, p. 334, and Smith, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 636.

1781. O. F. MULLER, in Der Naturforscher, pp. 1-20, Geschi-
chte der Perlen-Blasen, gave an exhaustive account of Physafontin-
alis (Planorbis bulla Miill.) with figures, noticing particularly the
digitated mantle-edge, etc. and proposing to restrict Planorbis to the
flat shells, and adopt the Adansonian name Bulinus for the length-
ened forms, of which he enumerates :

1, BULINUS perla, the present " Perlen-Blasen."
Planorbis bulla. Verm, test., 353.

2, BULINUS turritus.

Planorbis turritus. Venn, test., 354.

4 STROPHOCHEILUS.

3, B ULINUS gelatinus.

Planorbis gelatinus. Verm, test., 355.

4, BULINUS senegalensis.

ADANS. Hist. Nat. de Seneg.p. 5, t.l.

Although Miiller includes Adanson's species in his group, it must
distinctly be remembered that his description applies to Physa ; and
it is only by disregarding his real idea of the structure of the snails
that we can restrict the group to the last species.

However this question may be settled, the fact remains that the
name Bulinus was first introduced in binomial nomenclature by
Miiller in 1781 ; and his clearly expressed intention was to apply
it to what is known as Physa.

1786. SCOPOLI introduces the genus Bulimus again, to contain
B. hamastomus, giving a figure which has been referred to Borus
oblongus but which looks as much like the rarer species B. gran-
ulosus.

This later use of the name by Scopoli is not accompanied by a
generic diagnosis, and being nine years later than his first publica-
tion, cannot stand. Bruguiere, Lamarck and other early authors
have followed Scopoli's later work, ignoring the earlier ; and the
name Bulimus has thus come into universal use until this time.

SUMMARY. — From the foregoing sketch, we conclude:

(1). That BULINUS Adanson must be absolutely ignored in
nomenclature.

(2). That BULIMUS Scopoli, 1777, will stand as a valid genus, and
the name must replace either Succinea, Limncea or Bythinia, prefer-
ably the last.

(3). BULINUS Miiller, 1781, stands as a generic name for either
Bulinus of authors (Fischer, Man. p. 509) or for Physa Drap., 1801.

(4). That the use of the term Bulimus by Scopoli in 1786, and by
subsequent authors, and the use of Bulinus by Broderip, Sowerby
and others during the present century, has no bearing upon the
questions at issue.

1827. The name STROPHOCHEILUS was applied in MS. by Spix,
to two species collected by him in Brazil, hcemastomus Spix and
almeida Spix. Wagner, in his work on the Spix collection and
MSS., places these names in the synonymy under Bulimus ovatus and
Bulimus pudicus. On the plate there is a double inscription, the
names given by both Spix and Wagner appearing. It is perfectly

STROPHOCHEILUS. 5

-clear that Spix intended his group to contain Bulimi with reflex ed
or turned-over lip (whence the name). The group has been adopted
by Albers-Marteus, Pfeiffer and others with almeida (pudicus) as its
type, and may be considered firmly established. All other generic
or subgeneric names founded upon members of the genus (as here
constituted) are considerably later, 1850 to 1860. For their history,
see references under the several subgeneric captions.

Subdivisions of Strophocheilus.

Strophocheilus, in the enlarged generic sense in which it is herein
used, consists of four groups of species, moderately distinct in appear-
ance, but difficult to define clearly.

Subgenus I, STROPHOCHEILUS Spix.

Shell ovate-oblong, brown or white and rose under a yellow
cuticle ; surface smoothish with microscopic spirals or closely malle-
ated and wrinkled ; outer lip well reflexed and recurved ; columella
reflexed, the fold inconspicuous.

Subgenus II, BORUS Albers.

Shell ovate, capacious, solid, the spire short ; outer lip either
thickened or reflexed, whitish or roseate; columellar fold low orin-
•conspicuous.

Subgenus III, DRYPTUS Albers.

Shell ovate or elongated, solid, dark brown or zebra-striped, the
surface rather smooth ; lip varying from slightly expanded to re-
flexed, white or brown. Columellar fold conspicuous or weak.

Subgenus IV,.THAUMASTUS Albers.

Shell long-ovate, with lengthened spire, striate or wrinkled, some-
times decussated ; streaked or banded. Aperture small, less than
half the shell's length ; outer lip blunt, not expanded or reflexed;
columellar fold weak or imperceptible. This group includes Orph-
mis Alb., preoccupied.

Subgenus STROPHOCHEILUS Spix, 1827.

Strophocheilus SPIX, in WAGNER, Testacea fluviatilia qua? in
Itinere per Brasiliam, etc., collegit et pingenda curavit Dr. J. B. de

6 STROPHOCHEILUS.

Spix, digessit, descripsit, etc., Dr. J. A. Wagner, p. 12, pi. 11, (1827) ;
species <S. hcemastomus Spix (=B. ovatus Miiller), and S. almeida
Spix (=5. pudicus Miiller). — Strophochilus ALBERS-MARTENS, Die
Hel. 1860, p. 191, type B. almeida Spix. — Comclus ALBERS, Die
Hel. 1850, p. 147.

Shell ovate-oblong, subperforate and solid, brown, or white and
rose under a yellow cuticle. Surface smoothish to the eye or finely
rnalleated, the lens showing close minute spiral strice throughout (ex-
cept in S. pudicus}. Nepionic shell large.

Aperture long-ovate, the lip broivn or rose colored, well reflexed
and recurved, often with a tooth within, columella reflexed, the fold
inconspicuous, not thickened. Type S. pudicus Mull.

This group contains a number of Brazilian species of moderate
size, allied to Borus in the large nepionic shell. Strophoeheilus
differs from Plekocheilus, Eurytus etc. in having the nepionic shell
proportionally large, post-nepionic whorls two or slightly less; while
those groups have a much smaller nepionic shell, often very indis-
tinctly demarkeav, and more post-nepionic whorls.
The subgenus consists of two groups of species :
I. Strophoeheilus (s. str.). Shell malleated ; no spiral stripe,

8. pudicus.

II. Coniclus Alb. (restricted). Shell sculptured with minute spiral
stripe,
a. Surface of body-whorl finely malleated throughout.

b. Obese ; peristome and parietal wall dark brown ; outer
lip toothed, unidentatus*

bb. Oblong ; peristome rose and white ; lip not toothed,

erythrosoma.
aa. Surface smooth or hardly malleated, lip roseate.

b. Brown, with satiny bands ; spiral stripe beaded ; earlier

whorls spirally striated ; lip not toothed, milleri.

bb. Yellow and rose ; earlier whorls vertically striated ; outer

lip toothed, planidens.

bbb. Chestnut colored, with zigzag streaks and spots of golden ;.

outer lip not toothed, rhodocheilus.

S. PUDICUS Miiller. PI. 19, figs. 37, 38.

Shell oval-oblong umbilicated, rather solid, roseeate under a thin-
pellucid yellowish cuticle, the rose often fading to white on the back
of last whorl. Surface coarsely and irregularly netted with close Ion-

STROPHOCIIEILUS. 7

gitndiiKtlund more spaced transverse wrinkles, spire (nepionic whorls)
closely and regularly rib-striate, first whorl planorboid, smooth.
Whorls 5, convex, the last obliquely descending.

Aperture decidedly over half the shell's length, lilac within ; per-
istome very broadly expanded reflexed and recurved, white or lilac-
tinted ; its face rounded. Columella widened above, the inner edge
faintly convex; parietal callus whitish, more or less translucent,

Alt. 60, diam. 31 ; aperture, alt. 36 mill.

Alt. 53, diam. 30 ; aperture, alt. 33 mill.

Alt. 48i, diam. 23; aperture, alt. 26 mill.

Province of Bahia, Brazil.

Helix pudica MULL., Verm. Terrest. et Fluv., ii, p. 97. — GMELIN,
Syst. Nat. (13), p. 3645. — Bnlimus pudicus BECK, Index, p. 53.—
PFR., Conchyl. Cab. pi. 22, f. 3 ; Monogr. ii, p. 53 ; Malak. Bl. 1857,
p. 179.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. pi. 31, f. 191.— DESK, in Fer. Hist. p.
30, pi. 143, f. 11-13.— Partula pudica Fer., Prodr. p. 66.— POT. &
MICH., Galerie, i, p. 198, pi. 20, f. 7, 8.—? Helix erubescens SOL-
ANDER, Portland Catal. — Auris vinjinea, etc., CHEMJN. Conchyl. Cab.
ix, pt. 2, p. 44, pi. 121, f. 1042 (same specimen described by Mu'ller).
— Bulimus virgineus BRUG., Encycl. Meth. p. 315. — Voluta auris
virginis DILLWYN, Descr. Catal. i, p. 502. — Partula australis Bow-
DICH, Elem. Conch, pi. 8, f. 30. — Strophocheilus almeida SPIX, Test.
Bras. pi. 11, f. 2, 3. — Bidimm almeida PFR., Monogr. iv, p. 377.—
Bulhuts myersii SOWB., Conch. Illustr. f. 98. — Balinus perplexus
SOWB., Conch. Illustr., index, no. 98.

This species approaches Plekocheilus in sculpture, differing from
8. planidens and milleri in lacking spiral striation. The large nepio-
nic shell, however, shows that the species is most nearly allied to
the forms here following. The lip varies from white to rose in
color.

S. PLANIDENS Michelin. PI. 22, fig. 50.

Shell perforate or closed, ovate-oblong, rather solid, shining, green-
ish- or brownish-yellow, slightly transparent, the spire pink. Sur-
face smooth except for growth-lines and densely crowded microscopic
incised strice, somewhat waved ; the whorls of spire obliquely, densely
striate. Whorls 5, the first planorboid, forming an obtuse apex ;
the last whorl obliquely descending, suture falling more rapidly to-
ward the aperture.

STROPHOCHEILUS.

Aperture over half the shell's length, nearly vertical, bluish-white
inside; perixtome rose-red, abruptly, flatly reflexed (the whorl con-
tracted behind it), outer lip bearing a small, flat-topped tooth in the
middle. Columella reflexed, rather narrow ; parietal callus roseate.

Alt. 66, diam. 33 ; alt. of aperture 37 mill.

Alt. 60, diam. 29 ; alt. of aperture 32 mill.

Brazil; near New Freiburg.

B. planidens MICH, in Guerin's Mag. de Zool. 1831, pi. 31. —
DESK, in Lam., An. s. Vert. p. 239 ; in Fer., Hist. p. 38, pi. 143, f. 4,
5. — KUSTER, Conchyl. Cab. p. 17, pi. 3, f. 1. — REEVE, Conch. Icon.
pi. 31, f. 190. — PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 54 ; vi, p. 23. — Helix planidens
RANG.

Specimens occur with the tooth of the outer lip much reduced or
even absent; but these are still readily distinguished from S. milleri
by the flat lip, contraction of whorl behind it, less oblique columella
and lack of satin zones. There is occasionally a very slight retic-
ulate malleation on the back.

S. RHODOCHEILUS Reeve. PI. 22, fig. 53.

Shell scarcely perforate, ovate-oblong, solid, minutely decussate-
granulate, shining ; chestnut colored, elegantly decorated with light-
ning-streaks and triangular spots of golden. Spire convex-conic, the
apex obtuse. Whorls 5, first subplanulate, penultimate more con-
vex, the last whorl obliquely descending, longer than the spire,
hardly attenuated toward the base. Columella somewhat folded, re-
ceding, whitish. Aperture a little oblique, obloug-semioval ; per-
istome deep rose color, expanded and reflexed throughout. Alt. 55,
diam. 25 mill. : alt. of aperture with peristome 31, width 21 mill.

Brazil.

B. rhodocheilus REEVE, Conch. Icon. pi. 28, f. 173. — PFR., Mon-
ogr. iii, p. 315.

I have not seen this form, which seems most nearly allied to »S.
planidens.

S. MILLERI Sowerby. PI. 22, figs. 54, 55.

Shell nearly imperforate, ovate-oblong, rather solid, shining;
chestnut or olive-brown, darker on spire; surface with the sheen of
watered silk or satin, having spiral zones of changeable luster. Sur-

STROPHOCHEILUS. 9

face under a lens showing very minute and close, finely beaded spiral
strice throughout. Whorls 5, the first planorboid with sunken tip,
forming an obtuse apex ; last whorl obliquely descending.

Aperture about half the shell's length, somewhat oblique, purplish
within ; peristome reflexed, recurved, deep rose colored, broad and
spreading below ; columella expanded above, its inner edge straight
and oblique; parietal callus bluish. Alt. 57, diam. 31 ; alt. of aper-
ture 29 mill.

Brazil.

Bulinus milleri SOWB., Conch. Illustr. f. 94. — Bit limits mllleri
EEEVE, Conch. Syst. ii, pi. 174. f. 94 ; Conch. Icon., pi. 28, f. 169.-
PFR., Symbolse, ii, p. 48 ; Monogr. ii, p. 25 ; vi, p. 12.

The granulose stride and satin zones of the surface distinguish this
from S. planidens, aside from the tooth and differently formed col-
umella of the latter.

S. UNIDENTATUS Sowerby. PI. 22, fig. 56.

Shell imperforate or nearly so, ovate, swollen, solid and strong;
part roseate, part white, under a yellowish-brown cuticle. Surface
having inconspicuous growth-lines, a shallow malleation, and dense
microscopic spiral striation. Whorls nearly 5, the first planorboid,
the last obliquely descending, large and oval.

Aperture somewhat oblique, small, somewhat over half the total
length, white inside ; peristome reflexed and recurved, dark brown
throughout, the outer lip bearing a whitish tooth-like nodule in the
middle. Columella narrow, hardly wider above, foldless ; and
together with the rather heavy parietal callus, dark brown through-
out. Alt. 53, diam. 32 mill. ; aperture measured outside peristome,
alt, 29, width 20* mill.

La Plata valley (coll. A. N.S.P.) ; Jimzif (Pfr.).

Partula unidentata SOWB. inCatal. Tank, coll., appendix, p. vii.—
GRAY, Ann. of Philos. (n. s.) ix, p. 415. — Bulimus wiidentalus BECK,
Index, p. 53. — PFR., Symb. iii, 88 ; Monogr. ii, p. 54. — DESK, in
Fer., Hist, p. 99, pi. 143, f. 6.— PHII.., Abbild. iii, p. 99, pi. 9, f. 8.-
REEVE, Conch. Icon. pi. 31, f. 192.

A rare species. The sculpture is like 8. erythrosoma, differing
from planidens in being malleated. The tooth of outer lip, brown
peristome and obese form readily distinguish the species.

10 STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS.

S. ERYTHROSOMA 11. Sp. PI. 22, figS. 51, 52.

Shell nearly imperforate, ovate, solid and strong ; part roseate,
part white under a yellow cuticle. Surface having inconspicuous
growth-lines, a fine, shallow malleation, and dense, microscopic spiral
striation. Whorls 4|, the first planorboid, the last obliquely descend-
ing.

Aperture oblique, small and narrow, somewhat over half the shell's
length, white inside ; peristome reflexed, recurved, thick, rounded on
the face, rose-color, but white at the outer-basal portion; there is a
perceptible thickening at the middle of the outer lip, but no tooth.
Columella roseate, narrow below, reflexed and recurved, hardly
widened above, and foldless. Parietal callus heavy, rose-colored to-
ward the margin, white within, the white extending upon the inner,
upper part of columella. Alt. 53, diam. 28 mill.; aperture meas-
ured outside peristome, alt. 28, width 18 mill.

Brazil (J. G. Anthony),

Differs from S. pudicus in the micro-sculpture, thick lip and nar-
row aperture ; from planidens and milleri in the malleation, etc. It
is more nearly allied to unidentatus, which has the same sculpture,
but the spire is slenderer and more produced, mouth narrower, lip-
not dentate and differently colored.

•

Subgenus BORUS Albers, 1850.

Borm ALBERS, Die Hel. 1850, p. 141. — ALBERS-MARTENS, Die
Hel. 1860, p. 191, type B. oblong m. — Bulimus SCOPOLI Delicise
Florae et Faunas Insubrica?, i, p. 67 (1786), not Bulimus SCOPOLI,
Introductioad Historiam Naturalem,p. 392 (1777). — Bulimus LAM-
ARCK, Systeme des Anim. s. Vert. p. 90 (1801), and of MONTFORT,
and subsequent authors. — Bulinus SOWERBY (in part), not Bnlinm
(Adans.) MULLER, Der Naturforscher xv, p. 6 (\7Sl^),=Physa
Drap., 1801. — Strophocheilus SPIX, in part.

Shell ovate, capacious, imperforate or nearly so, solid, the apex
obtuse, nepionic whorls generally longitudinally costulate, the follow-
ing whorls of spire with spiral rows of minute granules, last whorl
smoothish, malleated or granulated. Aperture subvertical, ovate or
trapezoidal; peristome blunt, thickened or reflexed; columella
with a weak fold above, or none. Type S. oblongus Mull.

This group comprises all of the largest species, and ranges from
Argentina and Ecuador to Trinidad and some adjacent islands.

STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS. 11

Key to species of Born*.

[NOTE. — In this key, which is au amplified and modified form of
one given by von Martens, some difficulty will be found in distin-
guishing between sections I and II. In cases of doubt a species may
well be tried in both sections.]

I. Earlier whorls with close, sharp, long riblets.
A. Peristome white, yellowish or pale brownish,
a. Aperture trapezoidal, rather short; shell stout, large.

b. No very distinct, angle between columella and parietal wall.
c. Large, 130-150 mill. alt. ; a nodule on parietal wall above,

popelairianus.

cc. Smaller, 95-105 mill. ; no nodule, huascari.

bb. A distinct angle between columella and parietal wall,

maximus.

aa. Aperture narrower, rather pear-shaped ; shell slenderer, of
moderate size.
b. Body-whorl not noticeably granulated.

c. Riblets of last nepionic whorl unequal ; spire slender, lip
narrow, santacruzii.

cc. Riblets subequal ; spire short, stout ; lip narrow, thick,

mathiusii.

ccc. Shell heavier, lip broad, spire slender, lacunosus.

bb. Body-whorl granulated throughout, durfeldti, hupeanus.

A A. Peristome rose-red ; shell granulated throughout,
a. Shell solid, elongated, with rather slender spire, lip narrow,

granulosus.

II. Earlier whorls with wider, fold-like ribs.
A. Surface densely, microscopically striolate vertically through-
out.

a. Body- whorl variegated with zigzag light or denuded markings,

valenciennesi.

aa. Body-whorl without such markings; spire purple-brown with

light suture, cantagallanus.

A A. Surface without minute vertical, regular strlo/ie : usually

malleated.
a. Peristome rose colored.

b. Lip narrowly reflexed ; alt. about 80 mill. bronni.

bb. Lip broadly reflexed, alt. 108-153 mill.

c. Compact, ovate, columella rather short, outer lip vertical,

ovatus.

12 STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS.

cc. Elongated; columella very long, straight; outer lip slop-
ing, grandis.
aa. Peristome white or nearly so.

b. Aperture less than half shell's length, short, wide below, outer
lip dentate, auritus.

bb. Aperture over half the length.
c. Outer lip broadly reflexed.

d. Aperture narrow, outer lip broadly reflexed, subvertical ;
parietal callus thin-edged, spreading broadly low on um-
bilical tract; surface malleated, chionostomus.
dd. Aperture wide below ; outer lip sloping, parietal callus
not broadly spreading below ; surface with low spiral
cords, gummatus, intercedens.
cc. Outer lip narrow, thickened, not reflexed, evenly arcuate;
form short-oval ; surface finely malleated in diamond-
pattern, oosomus.

III. Earlier whorls with even, close, fine rib-strise throughout.
a. Spire regularly tapering ; whorls moderately convex.

b. Spire conical, moderately long and acute,
c. Peristome rose-color, shell brownish,

oblong us and v eras* us.

cc. Peristome and shell-substance white, v. tobagoensis.

bb. Spire short, apex very obtuse, peristome rose, capillaceus.
«a. Whorls convex, the antepenultimate bulging ; lip white,

llchtensteini.

IV. Earlier whorls with tubercles at the suture.

a. Lip-ends not convex above ; alt. 50-60 mill. rosaceus.

<ta. Lip-ends converging above.

b. Suture of last whorl crenulated, color flesh-buff, lip reflexed.

c. Form stout, ovate ; alt. 30-38 mill. crenulatus.

cc. Form slender; alt. 27, diam. 16 mill. crenellus.

bb. Suture of last whorl hardly crenulated ; whitish ; lip narrow
but much thickened. pachychilus,

V. Earlier whorls without riblets or creuulation.
a. Shell slender, the lip flatly reflexed, bridgesi.

aa. Shell globose-ovate, lip narrow.

b. Alt. 25-30 mill. lutescens.

bb. Alt. 42 mill. globosus.

The unfigured B. cacopatensis Pfr. is not included in this key.

STROrHOCHEILUS-BORUS. 13

S. POPELAIRIANUS NjSt. PI. 1, fig. 1 J pi. 2, fig. 1 ; pi. 3, fig. 10.

Shell very large, solid, riraate, ovate-conic ; spire subregularly
tapering, the penultimate whorl somewhat bulging, last whorl de-
pressed on the back. Dark reddish-brown or rich chestnut with nar-
row darker streaks and a lighter margin below the suture; the
earlier whorls dull reddish, apex white. Surface covered with a
strong cuticle, shining. Nepionic shell distinctly marked, with 4
whorls, sculptured with strong narrow radial riblets, which on fourth
whorl become obsolete toward suture below. Succeeding whorls 2,
having growth-wrinkles and a dense but rather irregular spiral
granulation which fades out upon last whorl, which is more coarsely
sculptured by lengthwise wrinkles and has generally more or less
coarse spiral malleation. Sutures deep, the last decidedly more
oblique.

Aperture about half the shell's length, trapezoidal, white with a
livid tint within. Outer lip well reflexed, white (or light-brown
edged), convexly curved ; columella white, reflexed, and in the im-
mediate vicinity of its insertion spreading upon the whorl and con-
tinued in a strong white callus across the parietal wall. Near the
upper termination of parietal callus there are usually one or two low
callous nodules.

Alt. 136, diam. 85 mill, (specimen). Nyst's figure measures 155
x 98 mill.

Quito (Isern), Bodega (Paz), and Napo (Martinez), Equador ;
Bolivia (Castelnau, doubtful).

Balimus popelairiana NYST, Bull. Acad. Roy. de Bruxelles, xii,
(2), p. 151, pi. 3, f. 5 (1845). — Balimus popelairianus PFR., Mono-
graphia ii, p. 20. — HIDALGO Mol. Viaje al Pacif. p. 46, pi. 3, f. 7.—
MARTENS, Novit. Conch, v, p. 3, pi. 139, f. 1, 2 ; pi. 140, f. 1, (with
varieties). — Bulimus maximus HUPK in Castelnau's Anim. nouv. ou
rares rec. dans 1'Amer. du Sud, Moll., p. 24, pi. 4, f. 1.

The generally larger size, more bulging penultimate whorl, broader
contour and larger aperture seem to be the chief differences between
this species and S. maximus Sowb.

A young specimen of var. thammianus measures at time of extru-
sion from egg (marked by a broad brown stripe in this species) 41
mill. long. It is finely granulated as wejl as ribbed. First whorl
nearly planorboid, smooth ; last whorl ribbed only above. AVhorls 4.

14 STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS.

Typical popelairianus Nyst. PI. 1, fig. 1.

Last whorl dark red-brown, without malleation. Aperture
slightly over half the shell's length, without tubercle on parietal
wall. See above for localities.

Var. thammianus Martens. PI. 9, fig. 49 ; pi. 8, figs. 42, 43.

Last whorl dark yellowish-brown, with numerous malleations ; a
light yellow band at suture ; cuticle lost in spots or streaks, rarely
zigzags. Aperture half the shell's length, with a callous tubercle
above on parietal wall. Lip yellow-edged.

Length 147, diam. 89 ; apert. long 76, width 57 outside, 44 inside
peristome.

Length 126, diam. 73 ; apert. long 68, width 50 outside, 36* inside
peristome.

Chancamayo, in the Amazon drainage of Peru (Thamm) ; Upper
Magdalena valley in New Granda, and at Huallaga (Dohrn coll.) ;
Marmato, Neiv Granada (Bland, in coll. A. N. S.) ; Nanegal, in the
wooded region of the western Cordillera of Quito 1000-2000 meters,
and St. Ines, on the Rio Pastaca, 1244 meters alt., Ecuador (Stiibel)

Bulimus garcia-moreni Miller, Mai. Bl. xxvi, 1878, p. 172, and
(n. F.) i, 1879, p. 118, pi. 4, f. la, b, is undoubtedly a synonym, as
von Martens has already maintained (Couchol. Mittheil. i, p. 157).
The original figure of shell and egg are copied on my pi. 8, figs. 42,
43. It is common on the rivers of the Province Esmeraldas, accord-
ing to Wolf. " It seems to 'occur throughout entire western Ecuador,
up to 3000 feet, alt., and is an esteemed edible, like Helix pomatia in
Europe."

Yar. dohrnianus Martens. PI. 3, fig. 10.

A specimen in Dohrn's collection is conspicuously compressed
dorso-ventrally ; cuticle lost in broad spirals ; mouth somewhat
longer, parietal wall proportionally steeper sloping, without tubercle.
Length 145, diam. 95 ; aperture 83 long, 58 broad measured outside,
44 inside peristome. Upper whorls much eroded, but showing in
the better preserved places the close riblets of this species. Locality
unknown.

Var. connectens Martens. PI. 2, fig. 1.

Suture less deep ; parietal wall steeper, peristome thicker ; ap-
proaching B. valenciennesi, but showing the close riblets on earlier

STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS. 15

•whorls, large size and equal rounding out of the outer lip of this
species. Cuticle lighter brown-yellow, and lost in large tracts or
streaks. Columellar margin closely appressed, callous tubercle
strongly developed.

Length 141, diam. 89 ; apert., length 81, width 57 (40 inside).

Length 134, diam. 81 ; apert., length 71, width 51 (39 inside).

Length 131, diam. 78; apert,, length 72, width 5H (40 inside).
Upper course of the Magdalena R., New Granada.

S. MAXIMUS Sowerby. PI. 4, fig. 5.

Shell elongated, the last whorl narrowed above, swollen sack-like
below; suture constricting. Brownish-yellow with dark streaks.
Aperture slightly less than half the shell's length ; columella sub-
vertical, broadly expanded and appressed at the umbilical region,
and meeting the parietal wall at a smaller angle (135°) than in S.
popelairianus.

Alt. 130, diam. 67 ; alt. aperture 64 mill.

Alt. 135, diam. 73; alt. aperture 63 mill.

Bolivia, at the foot of the eastern Cordillera at Sta.Rosa, near Santa
Crm della Sierra, and in the country of the tribe Yuracares in humid
forests (Orbigny) ; On the Rio Tocantins, in the neighborhood of
Baiao, N.-E. Brazil (Stiibel).

Cochlogena maxima SOWERBY, appendix Tankerv. Catal. p. vii,
(1825, unrecognizable description). — Bulinus maximus Sows., Con-
chol. Illustr., f. 63 (1841 ?). — Bulimus ma.rimus RVE., Conch. Icon, v,
pi. 51, f. 337 (1848).— PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 19.— MARTENS, Novit.
Conch, v, p. 4 ; Conch. Mittheil. i, p. 157. — Bulimus kremnoicus.
d'ORB., Voy. dans 1'Amer. Merid. p. 300, pi. 35, f. 1,2, and var. f. 3.
—Helix kremnoica d'ORB., Syn. p. 15. — (Not B. maximus BLD. in
C. B. Ad. Contrib. Conch, no. 11, p. 229, =£. popelairianus var.
tlxnnmianus).

This rare species has the sharp, close riblets of earlier whorls, and
the dense granulation of those following, as in 8. popelairianus; but
it is apparently quite distinct in the smaller angle made bycolinnella
with parietal wall, and the much broader spread of the reflexed col-
umella upon the adjacent umbilical tract of body-whorl. It is also
rather more elongate with smaller mouth ; and there seems to be no
callous nodule upon the upper part of parietal wall, such as occurs
in S. popelairianus.

16 STROP1IOCHEILUS-BORUS.

? Var. kremnoicus d'Orbigny, (pi. 5, fig. 28). Two of d'Orbigny's
figures of B. kremnoicus agree with maximus; the third is decidedly
more elongated with smaller mouth. If this proves to be racially
constant, the name var. kremnoicus may be retained for it.

S. HUASCARI Tschudi. PI. 5, fig. 27.

Shell elongated, the suture hardly constricting, the last and greater
part of the next earlier whorl dark yellow-brown, strongly wrinkle-
striate, with more or less numerous malleations and traces of fine
spiral stripe ; last whorl not swollen sack-like beneath. Aperture
half the shell's length or a little less, its breadth (measured inclusive
of the rather narrow columellar reflection) three-fifths the length.
Angle between columella and parietal wall 140°. (Martens).

Alt. 105, diam. 53 mill. (Tschudi').

Alt. 99, diam. 51 ; apert. alt. 52, width 32 (inside 24).

Eastern spur of the Peruvian Cordillera between Chanchamayo and
Tullumayo (Tschudi) ; Chanchamayo (Thamm).

Bulimus huascari TSCHUDI, Archiv f. Naturg. xviii, 1852, p. 186.
—MARTENS, Novit. Conch, v, p. 5, pi. 141, f. 3,4. — B. maximus var.
minor PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 19, and iii, p. 303. — B. lacunosus Orb.,
REEVE, C. Icon, v, f. 208.— HUPE in Castelnau, p. 27, pi. 5, f. 1.-
B. sandce Crucis Orb., MARTENS, Mai. Bl. xiv, p. 138, 1876.

Seems closely allied to S. maximus, but is smaller with less gibbous
base.

S. SANTACRUZII d'Orbigny. PI. 4, fig. 3.

Shell narrowly ovate-conic with rather slender, and comparatively
acute spire. Cuticle dark brown or chestnut, the surface when it i&
removed purplish-red, with a white baud below the suture. Spire
regularly tapering ; suture somewhat constricting, the latter part of
penultimate whorl rather bulging. Nepionic shell composed of 3f
whorls, the first one smooth, the others with strong narrow radial
riblets, which on the latter half of the last nepionic whorl hardly
reach the suture below, and become unequal, every second, third or
fourth riblet being stronger and much longer than those intervening.
Following whorls less than two, irregularly wrinkle-striate ; penult-
imate and antepenultimate whorls finely spirally granulated.

Aperture slightly more than half the shell's length, narrowly
ovate-pear-shaped ; outer lip evenly curved, narrowly subreflexed
and thickened, white ; columella concave with a weakly convex

STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS. 17

spirally entering fold above; margin gradually expanding and
spreading in a thin callus over the parietal wall.

AH. 83, diam. 43 mill. ; apert., alt. 44, width 32 mill.

Bolivia, provinces Yumja* <ind Ayupaga, on the northeastern .*/,///•
of the eastern Cordillera (Orb.) ; Amable Maria (Jelski) and Prov.
Carabaya, Pfi?"u(Rairnondi) ; Northern Pent, (Phil. Acad. Colin.)

Helix santa Cruzii d'ORB., Syn., p. 15. — Bitlimiis santa Cruzii
d'ORB., Voy. dans 1'Amer. Merid. p. 302, pi. 38, f. 1, Z.—Kulimm
santacruzensis PFR., Novit. Conch, iii, p. 416, pi. 95, f. 1, 2. — B.
sanctce Crucis BECK, Index, p. 52. — MARTENS, Novit. Conch, v, p. 6.

The form is slimmer than B. huascari, especially in the spire.
The upper part of the columella passes with hardly an angle into
the parietal wall. The riblets of the latter part of the nepionic
shell are notably unequal in length.

S. LACUNOSUS d'Orbigny. PI. 6, figs. 31, 32.

Shell imperforate, elongated, inflated, thick, longitudinally very
minutely striated, transversely subgranulose ; reddish-brown, with
darker longitudinal streaks. Spire conic, subacumiuate, the apex
obtuse, strongly striated. Whorls 5|-G. Aperture long, whitish ;
lip thick, whitish, reflexed ; columella somewhat twisted, thick.

Length 85, diam. 38 mill. ( Orb.}.

Tutu lima, in the north-eastern part of province Cochabamba, Bolivia,
at the bottoms of heavily wooded ravines.

Helix lacunosa ORB., Syn., Mag. de Zool., 1835, p. 15. — Bulimus
lacunosus ORB., Voy. dans 1'Amer. Merid. p. 302, pi. 36, f. 5, 6. — PFR.
Monogr.ii, p. 28. — MARTENS, Novit. Conch, v, p. 7.

Evidently differs from the last in being heavier with broader,
thicker lip and slenderer form. I have not seen the species.

S. MATHIUSII d'Orbigny. PI. 7, figs. 4, 5 ; pi. 9, fig. 4-").

Shell rather small for the group, solid, ovate-oblong, the spire
short, thick and with rounded vertex. " Uniform dark purple-
brown, summit violaceous, suture paler ;" specimens without cuticle
are purplish-brown on the spire with a wide sutural white band, be-
coming lighter on body-whorl, whitish at base. Whorls 5, the earlier
3£ forming the nepiouic portion, which has narrow radial riblets ex-
tending from suture to suture ; following whorls with coarse, irreg-
ular longitudinal wrinkles; suture rather superficial. Aperture
2

18 STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS.

ovate-pear-shaped, acute above; outer lip slightly expanded, much
thickened, regularly curved below, straightened above, whitish ; col-
umellar lip concave below, passing gradually into the parietal wall
above, and making no perceptible angle with it ; broadly reflexed
and adnate ; parietal callus white and strong.

Alt. 60, diam. 37 £ mill. ; apert, alt. 37, width 28* mill.

Andes of Eastern Peru (Matthews).

Helix mathiusii ORB., Guerin's Mag. de Zool. 1835, p. 16. — Bul-
imus mathiusii ORB., Voy. dans 1'Amer. Merid. p. 303, pi. 38, f. 3, 4.—
B. matthewsii BECK, Index, p. 53. — PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 25 ; iv, p.
366. — MARTENS, Novit. Conch, v, p. 7. — ? Bulinus leucostoma Sows.
P. Z.S. 1834, p. 141. — PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 23. — B. mahoganiSows.,
Conch. 111. f. 59.

The comparatively short, blunt, rounded spire is the most prom-
inent feature distinguishing this species from the several preceding,
with which it shares a pear-shaped mouth, continuous parieto-col-
umellar lip, and the long, narrow ribbing of superior whorls.

The B. lencostoma of Sowerby is believed by Dr. von Martens to
be identical. It is from the same collector (the botanist D. Mat-
thews, locality Prov. Xagua, Peru), and is described by Sowerby as
follows: "Shell ovate, ventricose, wider in front, obtuse behind;
whorls 4, the first longitudinally subsulcate, the last large, smooth,
olivaceous-brown throughout, the suture paler, crenulated; aperture
oblong, acuminate behind, peritreme reflexed, white; length 2'6,
width 1'4 inch." This species was afterward figured by Sowerby in
the Conchological Illustrations, f. 59, as Bulinus mahogani.

Granting the identity of the forms described by Orbigny and
Sowerby, the question of priority arises. Orbigny's description bears
date July 1, 1835 ; Sowerby's, Dec. 9, 1834 ; but as it is known that
the Proceedings of the Zoological Society appeared in print very
long after the dates of the meetings, there is no conclusive evidence
that the name leucostoma has precedence ; and its subsequent disap-
pearance from English literature renders its use inadvisable, even
if identity with mathiusii were proved, unless its priority be demon-
strated.

S. DURFELDTI Dohrn. PI. 10, figs. 51, 52.

Shell long-elliptical, yellow-brown, the first whorl smooth ; on the
second whorl riblets appear, not crowded, becoming stronger on the
third and first half of the fourth, and closer, narrower, somewhat

STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS. 19

more as in B. wathitisii. Ground-color of these whorls is a rather
reddish moderately dark brown, the sutural hand narrow and yellow-
ish, spiral striatiou only seen by strong magnification. On the
fourth whorl the spiral striation is more distinct, the riblets change
rapidly to close flat wrinkle-striae, and numerous spiral series of very
small rounded granules appear, which continue to become more dis-
tinct upon the following whorls to the aperture. The last whorl and
aperture are narrower below than in B. mathiusii, the suture ap-
pressed ; peristome white, somewhat thicker, but not reflexed, the
columellar margin less curved, parietal callus thicker. (Martens').

Length 70, diam. 30 ; apert. long 36, width 23 mill.

Length 67, diam. 32 ; apert. long 34, width 22£, inside 17 mill.

Montana de Cuzco, Peru (Dohrn).

B. durfeldti DOHRN, Mai. Bl. x, 1863, p. 152.— PFR., Monogr. vi,
p. 1 1 . — MARTENS, Novit. Conch, v, p. 8, pi. 140, f. 4, 5.

Distinguished from the foregoing species by the granulation of
the body whorl.

S. HUPEANUS Morelet. PL 8, fig. 40 ; pi. 9, fig. 44 ; pi. 15, fig. 23.

Shell oblong, rather thin, longitudinally striate-rugulose and all
over most minutely granulose. Spire rather obtuse; whorls 5, sub-
convex, the last subventricose, a little depressed, equal in length to
the spire. Aperture oblong-oval ; peristome thickened, reflexed ;
columella somewhat twisted. Greenish-brown, the spire rose-tinted,
sutures pale ; aperture and lip white.

Alt. 68, diam. 34 mill. (Hupe).

Peru (Castelnau) ; Valley of Vilcabamba (Angrand) ; Valley of
Lares (Raimondi).

Bulimus castelnaui HUPE in Castelnau Exped. Moll., p. 27, pi. 4,
f. 2 (1857). — MARTENS, Novit. Cbuch. v, p. 9. (Not B. castelnaui
Pfr., 1856). — B. hupeanus MOREL., Series Conch. Ill, 1863, p. 170.

PFR., Monogr. vi, p. 1 1 . — Bui. leucostomus PFR., Novit. Conch, iii,

p. 409, pi. 94, f. 1, 2.

In many respects similar to B. durfeldti, especially in the upper
whorls, but the riblets somewhat weaker, so that^it is doubtful
whether the species may not technically be placed in the group of
oblongus. Moreover the whole shell is thinner than|in durfeldti, the
mouth proportionally larger, the peristome much thinner and the
parietal wall more steep. The sculpture of the|last whorl also con-

20 STROl'HOCHEILUS-BORUS.

sists, in the specimen in Dohrn's collection, of numerous spiral series
of very small granules; these granules are a little larger arid follow
one another closer than in durfeldti.

Length 69, diam. 36 ; length of aperture 38, width 25 outside, 19
mill, inside.

Whether B. durfeldti is specifically separable from this species
must be decided by the examination of more material. Not having
seen this species, the above observations are taken from von Mar-
tens' monograph.

S. COCAPATENSIS Ffeiffer. Un figured.

Shell imperforate, ovate-oblong, solid, very minutely decussated ;
violaceous-fleshy under a greenish-tawny cuticle ; spire convex-conicr
the apex obtuse; suture white, irregular ; whorls 5 5, the upper ones
radially ribbed and most minutely granulated, the following very
obliquely descending, a little convex ; the last whorl about equal
in length to the spire, base rounded. Columella receding, slightly
arcuate; aperture subvertical, acuminate-oval, pearly within ; per-
istome thickened, narrowly expanded, the margins joined by a shin-
ing callus, columellar margin dilated, adnate.

Alt. 67, diam. 30 mill. ; aperture, long 55J, width 15 [?] (Pf>'.}.

Cocapata, Bolivia (Bridges, in Mus. Cuming).

Bulimus cocapatensis PFR., P. Z. S. 1855, p. 115 ; Monogr. iv, p.
467; vi, p. 11.

At first glance it looks like B. rosaceus, but has different sculpture,
obliquely descending suture, etc. (-P/V.)-

S. GRANULOSUS Rang. PI. 6, fig. 33.

Shell ovate-oblong, solid ; ground-color brown above, white be-
low, under a thin yellow cuticle with darker longitudinal streaks.
Nepionic shell of 85 whorls, the first planorboid, smooth, the next
with equal, narrow, spaced riblets, which on latter half of last
nepionic whorl do not extend to suture below ; post-embryonic whorls
2, with slight growth-lines. Last 2* whorls densely, minutely gran-
ulated throughout, the granules oblong in spiral series, equally
developed over the whole body-whorl. Spire regularly tapering ;
last whorl regularly elliptical, somewhat flattened above.

Aperture half the shell's length, narrowly ovate-pear-shaped,
acute above, white within ; outer lip hardly expanded, much thick-
ened, rose-pink, straight above, regularly curved below: columella

STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS. 21

Concave below, passing into a long, oblique feeble entering fold
above ; parietal callus heavy, pink.

Alt. 89, diam. 48 mill.

Alt. 89, diam. 55 mill.

Islote de los Ratones (Isle of Rats) near island of Santa Catalina,
Brazil (Paz and Martenez).

Helix granulosa RANG, Ann. des Sci. Nat. xxiv, 1831, p. 53, pi. 2.
— Bulimus gramdosaJ^ECK., Index, p. 58. — REEVE, Conch. Icon, v,
f. 209.— PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 22.— HIDALGO, Mol. Yiaje al Pacif. p.
51. — MARTENS, Novit. Conch, v, p. 10. — Helix oblonga FER., Hist,
pi. 145B, f. 1.

Distinguished from all the preceding by its rose-pink lip and col-
umella. The beautiful granulation of the whole body-whorl, nar-
rowly pear-shaped aperture, and long, spaced folds of earlier whorls
(as in the foregoing group of species), will sufficiently separate B.
granulosus from all the species following.

S. VALENCIENNES: Pfeiffer. PI. 7, fig. 6.

Shell very large, solid, and strong, ovate; last ivhorl having
numerous low, indistinct spiral cords, the surface between them often
malleated ; penultimate whorl, or part of it, with very minute spiral
granulation or pits from erosion of granules. Nepionic whorls 3£,
the first planorboid, smooth, next with fine, weak, radial riblet?.
Spire regularly tapering, apex slightly obtuse; post-embryonic
whorls If, yellowish-brown with darker streaks, and zigzag mark-
ings of light yellow deciduous cuticle, or whitish by loss of the cuticle.
Aperture short-pyriform, purplish -brown within ; lip whitish or
brownish, hardly expanded, very thick ; columellar margin thick,
concave ; parietal wall covered with a strong callus, in adults bear-
ing a callus lump near the upper angle of aperture.

Alt. 140, diam. 86 mm.

Alt. 115, diam. 78 mm.

Interior of Brazil.

B. valenciennesii PFR., Symbol* ii, p. 52 ; Mouogr. iii, p. 303 ;
€onchyl. Cab. pi. 68, f. 3.— MARTENS, Novit. Conch, v, p. 10.— PHIL-
IPPI, Abbild. ii, p. 123, pi. 5, f. 1. — Bui. popelitirlanus REEVE, C.
Icon.pl. 34, f. 204. — Bul.fitfgiinitus VALENC., in Mus. Paris, and
BECK, Index, p. 53 (undescribed).

22 STROPHOCHKILUS-BORUS.

The zigzag markings of light yellow cuticle or denuded, are char-
acteristic. This species, like B. popelairianus, is depressed on the
back. It differs conspicuous!}' from that species in the weak sculpture
of the earlier whorls. The last whorl when examined with a strong
lens, shows an excessively fine, dense longitudinal striolation, some-
what less distinct than in B. proximus, but of the same character.
This is an excellent distinctive character of these species, which does
not occur in the popelairianus-granulosus series, nor indeed in any
other group of Borus.
S. CANTAGALLANUS Rang. PI. 16, fig. 24 ; pi. 17, figs. 28, 29.

Shell large, ovate-conic, olivaceous-brown with some dark streaks
on body whorl, becoming dark purple on the spire ; the suture
bordered by a wide light band. Nepiunic whorls with weak, spaced
radial riblets ; penult, and next earlier whorls with spiral series of
minute granules ; last whorl showing coarse low, inconspicuous spiral
cords especially above, and under a very strong lens seen to have an
excessively dense, fine sculpture of wavy longitudinal anastomosing
raised lines. Aperture over half the shell's length, pear-shaped,
purplish-tinted inside; outer lip well curved, narrowly reflexed,
thickened, white. Columella white, dilated above; parietal callus
strong, white, generally with a callus nodule above.

Alt. 98, diam. 61 mill.

Alt. 89, diam. 55 mill.

Southern Brazil; neighborhood of Cantagallo, Prov. Rio Janeiro
(Rang), and forest region generally from Rio to Bakia.

Helix cantayallana RANG, Ann. Sci. Nat. xxiv, p. 50 (1831).—
Bulimus cantagallanu* BECK, Index, p. 53. — FISCHER, Exped. Sci.
du Mexique, Etudes sur les Moll. Terr, et Fluv., i, p. 469, pi. 22, f.
12-17, anatomy. — DESII. & DE FOLIN, Actes de la Soc. Linn. Bord.
xxv, p. 483, plate (living animal). — MARTENS, Novit. Conch, v, p.
12, pi. 138, f. 1, 2.— B. accelerans MARTENS, Malak. Bl. xiv, 1867,
p. 137. — PER., Monogr. vi, p. 10. — Bnliuus proximus SOWB., Couch,
lilustr. f. 102 (1833). — Bn limits proximus PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 20.-
REEVE, C. Icon. f. 607. — MARTENS, Novit. Conch, v, p. 11. — Bui.
terrestris SPix=U. corrugatus WAGN., Test. Bras., p. 5, pi. 6. f. 1,
(Young). COM/. DOHRN, Jahrb. M. G. x, p. 347.

The suturtil light band is conspicuous. The apical folds are a&
in B. valenciennesii, but it lacks the zigzag markings of that species.
The micro-sculpture of the last whorl is peculiar and very charac-

STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS. 23

teristic. I have four specimens of this species before me, and from
a study of them and the literature, it seems to me impossible to make
any separation between cantagallanus and proximus.

Var. INTERCEDENS Martens. PI. 10, figs. 53, 54.

Shell ovate-elliptical, the larger part of the penultimate whorl dis-
tinctly granulated, but gradually passing from dark reddish-brown
to brown-yellow, the last whorl evenly convex, with numerous
malleations or hammer-stroke-like impressions, forming spiral series ;
shining brownish-yellow, with numerous narrow darker streaks, the
suture less oblique than in ovatvs, whitish, an indistinctly defined
band under it gamboge yellow. Aperture pear-shaped, somewhat
narrowed below ; peristome thick, pure white ; outer lip beautifully
curved; columellar margin arising bow-shaped from the basal mar-
gin, and passing obliquely into the parietal wall above, here being
flattened, not cord-like ; outside edge thick, appressed. Parietal
wall with a thick porcelain-white deposit, sharply defined outside as
in B. valenciennesi, not so thin and outwardly attenuating as in
ovatus ; having in the superior angle a nodule-like swelling on its
edge. Length 110, breadth 69 , greater diam. 72, lesser 55 -^ mill. ;
aperture, length 63J, breadth 42 ; measured inside cavity, length
57, breadth 31 mill. (Martens').

Bahia, Brazil ; I specimen (Fokkes coll.).

Bitlimus intercedens MART., Novit. Conch, v, p. 14, pi. 141, f. 1,
2. — PFR., Monogr. vii, p. 13.

It is not possible for me to recognize any described species in this
specimen. While the surface features of the last whorl are very
similar to B. ovatus, the general form is between that species and 7>.
cantagallanus ; the slender form of the apex, and the characters of
the peristome agree better with the preceding species than with
ovatus. (Martens).

Compare 8. gummatus Hidalgo.

S. GUMMATUS Hidalgo. PI. 11, figs. 57, 58 , pi. 19, f. 40 ; pi. 20, f.
41.

Shell subimperforate ovate-attenuate, solid, rather thick. Pale
rose, under a varnish-shining fulvous epidermis irregularly marked
with chestnut streaks. Spire slender, conic, somewhat obtuse ;
suture distinct; whorls 5-1, slightly convex, rapidly increasing, the
first obsoletely radially costate, the rest longitudinally somewhat

24 STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS.

wrinkled, with slight spiral cords, subregularly squarely malleated ;
penultimate whorl flattened on the left side, the last whorl ventricose,
widened transversely, subdepressed on the hack, slightly ascending
in front. Aperture vertical, acuminate above, subdilated below,
five ninths the shell's length, inside whitish-blue ; peristome thick-
ened, white, narrowly reflexed, margins joined by a rather thick
callus which has a tubercle above; right margin slightly flexuous,
colurnellar margin oblique, reflexed, adnate, covering or nearly
covering the perforation.

Length 105, diam. 56 mill. (Hid.').

Rio Janeiro (Paz).

?? Bidimus eantagallanw PFR., Monogr. iv, p. 365 (1859), not of
Rang. — Bu limits gummatus HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch., Cat. Coq.
Amer. Merid. p. 41 (1870) ; Viag. al Pacif. p. 49, pi. 4, f. 1 ; pi. 5,
f. 1.

Three specimens with the locality " Brazil " only, are before me,
two of which are figured on plates 19 and 20. It is unquestion-
ably a species distinct from B. ovatus v. chionostomus, being dis-
tinguished by the more conic spire, closer and narrower folds of
early whorls, aperture distinctly wider and more truncate below, the
outer lip not vertical but sloping outward ; columella less vertical,
being oblique and passing without distinct angle into the parietal
wall. It is also less expanded, not suddenly spreading as in ovatus.
Moreover, the callous lump of the parietal wall is strongest at the
edge of the parietal callus, which is not thinned out as in ovatus.
For the rest, there are no very decided differences, although the
cuticle in gummatus is of a varnish or gummy brilliancy, the spiral
cords are quite obvious, and the malleation is not of the pattern seen
in ovatus and is less pronounced.

S. OVATUS Miiller. PI. 12, figs. 60, 61.

Shell large, solid, oval; chestnut-brown with numerous darker
and lighter streaks ; surface glossy. Nepionic shell of 4 whorls, the
first smooth, planorboid, the following radially costate, costee separ-
ated, short, and minutely spirally granulate, post-nepionic whorls 1%,
at first densely granulated and slightly malleated, the last whorl
without granulation, glossy, finely malleated all over.

Aperture much exceeding half the length of shell, acuminate-
ovate, narrow and acute above, narrowly rounded below; peristome
pink edged ; outer lip curved at upper insertion, then rather straight,

STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS. 25

with a slight thickening within, above the middle; columella short,
very concave and pink below, broadly spreading in a translucent-
white callus over the umbilical tract and parietal wall, usually with
a thickening (hardly a lump) above, remote from edge of callus.

Alt. 128, diam. 80; aperture alt. 69, width 54 mill.

Alt. 116, diam. 62; aperture alt. 59 width 44] mill.

Rio Janeiro (Marten set a/.) ; New Freiburg (Bescke) ; St. Sebas-
tiano, on the coast S. of Rio (Spix) ; Prov. Balna (Spix) ; Bahia
(Anthony) ; near Petropolis (A. D. Brown).

Helix ovata MULLER, Hist. Verm, ii, p. 85. — Helix ovalis GMEL.,
Syst. Nat. 13, p. 3637.— If. (CocA%e?m) ovata FER., Hist. pi. 146,
147. — Bulimus ovatus BRUG., Encycl. Meth. i, p. 318. — PFR., Mon-
ogr. ii, p. 19. — REEVE, C. Icon. f. 212. — MARTENS, Novit. Conch, v,
p. 14. — HIDALGO, Viaje al Pacif. p. 47. — B. ovum H. & A. AD., Gen.
Rec. Moll, ii, p. 146.— B. hcemastomus SWAINS., Malacol. p. 178, fig. 26.
— Strophocheilus hcemastomus SPIX, Test. Brasil. p. 12, pi. 11, f. 1.

This is one of the best-known species, readily recognized in typical
specimens by the strong, glossy, rich dark chestnut epidermis with
numerous darker and yellowish streaks, the narrow aperture, rather
straight, pink or pink-edged outer lip, translucent edged parietal
callus, always thinned-out at the edge, etc. Moreover, the lip is
broadly reflexed, recurved ; and the columella is narrowly, abruptly
curved toward its base, and the broad spread of its reflexion extends
lower than in other forms. A very sparce, minute granulation
sometimes extends over the earlier half of the body-whorl.

Vnr. chionostomus Morch. PL 21, fig. 49.

Form, sculpture and marking exactly as in the type, or shell
somewhat more lengthened ; but cuticle thinner, yellow with dark
stripes; peristome snow-white (whence the name); shell-substance
under the cuticle white, the earlier whorls white or delicate pink.

Macahe, Brazil (Paz, Martinez).

Bulimus chionostoma MORCH, Catal. Yoldi, (1852), p. 27 (no
description ; refers to " Variat rarior peristomate albo" Pfr., Mon-
ogr. ii. p. 20). — B. ovatus var. chionostomus MART., Novit. Conch, v,
p. 15.

I cannot follow von Martens in quoting here Ferussac's plate 160,
f. 11, 12, without a "?". Those figures are by no means typical
chionostomtis. A number of specimens of this white-mouthed variety

26 STROPIIOCHEILUS-BORUS.

are before me, showing practically the same characters, except in
color, as 8. ovat.un. The striping of these is like IS. gummatus Hid.,
but the form of the mouth is exactly as in ovaius, not obtuse below
as Hidalgo's species is.

S. GRANDIS Martens. PI. 13, fig. 68.

Shell imperforate, ovate-oblong, subrugose-striate, somewhat shin-
ing; tawny-chestnut, paler at the suture. Whorls 6, slightly con-
vex, the first small, white, with impressed points, second and third
sculptured with rather remote strong perpendicular ribs, chocolate-
brown, white at the suture ; the last whorl deeply descending in
front, convex at the base. Aperture trapezoidal-oblong, subvertical,
flesh-whitish inside ; peristome thickened, narrowly reflexed, bright
rose color ; outer margin receding above; columellar margin per-
pendicular, whitish above; parietal callus thin, whitish. Alt. 153,
greater diam. 83, lesser 62 mill. ; aperture, length including per-
istome 92, breadth 45 mill. (Mart.}.

Descalvado, Prov. Mattogrosso, Brazil (Rohde),

B. grandis MARTENS, Sitzungsberichte naturforsch. Freunde in
Berlin, 1885, p. 148; Couchol. Mittheil. iii, p. 9, pi. 39.

This species is nearly allied to B. ovatus in characters of aperture
and upper whorls, but differs much in the general contour, the last
whorl embracing a much smaller portion of the preceding, is of less
circumference, and falls more toward the mouth. In consequence,
the aperture is notably longer and in comparison narrower ; the
outer lip for two-thirds of its length slopes outward, while in B.
ovatus only the upper third so slopes, the rest falling vertically ; the
thickening in the middle of the outer lip usually seen in ovatus is
lacking also. The columellar margin is decidedly longer and almost
straight. As only one specimen was secured, it may be only an in-
dividual variation of ovatus; but it is more likely to prove to be
geographically sundered, as no true ovatus is yet known from this
Province. (Afart.*)

S. AURITUS Sowerby. PI. 12, fig. 62; pi. 16. fig. 26.

Shell subimperforate, ovate, solid, rugose-striate, under a lens
most minutely granulated ; brown-olivaceous ; spire convex-conic,
rather obtuse. Whorls 5, the upper closely striate, rather flattened,
the last two swollen, closely plicate at sutures, the last whorl slightly
shorter than the spire, subcompressed at base ; columella somewhat

STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS. 27

straightened, slightly receding, white. Aperture subvertical, sinu-
ate-oval ; peristome thickened, narrowly expanded, whitish, the
right margin somewhat straightened, with a tubercular thickening
inside. Length 100, diam. 48 mill.; apert. measured inside, alt. 4u,
diam. 20 mill. (Pfr.).

Baliia, Brazil (Sowb.).

Bulinus auritns SOWERBY, Conch. Illustr. f. 76. — Bulimus auritns
PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 25; iii, 304; iv, 366; vi, 11. — B. ovatus white-
lip dwarf var., REEVE, Conch. Icon. pi. 89, f. 2126.

Evidently belongs to the ovatus group, but differs from that species
in the smaller mouth and white lip, the columellar reflexion not con-
tinuing so far downward, etc. The strongly developed tubercle with-
in the outer lip is characteristic.

I refer to this species a pair of solid, heavy shells before me
collected by Anthony on Agassiz's expedition to Brazil, one of
which is figured on pi. 16, fig. 26. Traces only of a yellow, streaked
cuticle remain. The aperture is under half the shell's length, wide
and truncate below ; outer lip with a median somewhat lobed callous
tooth ; columella with a lump above. Alt. 84, diam. 50 mill. ; alt.
of aperture 40 mill.

S. OOSOMUS Pilsbry, n. sp. PI. 18, figs. 32, 33.

Shell short-oval, globose, solid and strong, with thin straw-yellow
cuticle having occasional narrow brown streaks, the shell-substance
under it white toward the base, reddish-brown above, with a wide whit-
ish sutural band. Spire short; sutures deeply impressed, the last
one oblique, the surface below it somewhat " puckered "or wrinkled
as in B. ovatus. Whorls 5J, the first planorboid, smooth, white, the
second having strong curved radial ribs separated by intervals of
about their own width ; and about the middle of the third whorl
these ribs become more spaced and shorter, not extending to the
suture below ; the surface at the same time becoming densely gran-
ulated spirally. Post-nepionic whorls If, at first finely wrinkle-
striate and densely granulated. Surface of body-whorl finely malle-
ated in obscure diamond-pattern, and covered with a minute sparse
and irregular granulation.

Aperture narrow-ovate, subvertical, bluish-white within ; per-
istome white, hardly expanded, but considerably (3 mill.) thickened
on the face and within ; outer lip evenly arched ; columella arched
below, oblique above, reflexed and appressed over the umbilical

28 STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS.

tract, and spreading over the parietal wall in a heavy white callus
with strongly defined outer edge. Alt. 81, diam. 54 mill. ; aperture
alt. 42. width outside col. callus and perist. 37, width of cavity 24
mill.

Brazil.

This species evidently belongs to the group of »S. ovatus, but differs
from that species in the deeper sutures and more shortly ovate form ;
and although the lip is considerably thickened, indicating a fully
mature shell, it is scarcely in the least expanded.

S. BRONNI Pfeiffer. PI. 16, fig. 27 ; pi. 15, figs. 18, 19.

Shell ovate-elliptic, rather thin but strong, very dark rich brown
with darker streaks and a yellowish subsutural band, the apex whit-
ish, or reddish-brown. Nepionic whorls 3£, the first 14 smooth, the
following whorl with very strong radial folds narrower than their
intervals, and extending from suture to suture, the next whorl with
the folds coarser, more spaced and rather short. Post-nepionic
whorls H-H, very densely aud finely spirally granulate, the gran-
ulation becoming obsolete on last whorl and quite absent from its
latter two-thirds ; body- whorl having indistinct low spiral cords, and
some malleation.

Aperture much over half the shell's length, narrowly pear-shaped,
fleshy within ; peristome narrowly reflexed, recurved, pink ; outer
lip rather straightened ; basal lip deeply arched ; columella straight,
pink, reflexed in a thin, subtransparent, faintly bluish-pink parietal
callus. Alt. 79, diam. 46 mill. ; apert., alt. 48, width 31 mill. ; width
inside peristome and columella, 21 mill.

Brazil.

Bulimus bronni PFR., Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1847, p. 31 ; Monogr. ii,
p. 22 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 254, pi. 69, f. 1.— MARTENS, Novit. Conch,
v, p. 16. — B. browni ADS., Gen. Rec. Moll. p. 14(5. — Helix ovata var,
FER., Hist. pi. USB, f. 2.

This species is constantly smaller than S. ovatus, the lip narrower,
and the folds of earlier whorls stronger. There is considerable
variation in the degree to which the minute granulation extends
upon the body-whorl, von Martens mentioning a specimen in which
the granulation extends to the aperture. The folds of early whorls
are stouter than in S. granulosus, the mouth longer, and the col-
umella does not extend upward in a convex fold as in that species.

STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS. 29

S. OBLONGUS Miiller. PI. 14, figs. 70, 71, 72, 73.

Shell ovate, conic and acuminate above, solid; sutures not very
oblique. Color dull isabelline or brownish under a very thin, decid-
uous brownish cuticle, usually in large part lost in adults. Whorls
5JJ-7. Nepionic shell of 4 whorls, very regularly and closely rib-
striate, the last one or two granulated ; post-nepionic growth over 2
whorls, more irregularly striated, last whorl not granulated, wrinkle-
striate.

Aperture ovate, whitish within; peristome and parietal callus rose-
red. Outer lip regularly arched, reflexed ; columella slightly con-
cave, reflexed in abroad, projecting, thin-edged, strong callus, which
spreads above over the parietal wall.

Alt. 100, diam. 59 mill, (average specimen).

Alt. 132, diam. 76 mill, (specimen in coll. Johnson).

Barbados, St. Vincent, Tobago, Trinidad; Puerto Cabello, Vene-
zuela; Cucuta, Santa Ana, near Honda, New Granada; Mocamba,
Miobamba, Para, etc., Brazil (coll. Acad. Phila.) ; Central Paraguay
(Borelli) U. S. of Columbia, region of Muzo, at 600-800 meters;
in the Magdalena valley, 500 meters ; and near Ibague in the moun-
tain region of Columbia, 1280 meters; Puenta de Pandi, 779 meters;
also on the Rio Tocantins near Baiao, N.-E. Brazil, 5 meters above
the sea (Stiibel) ; Corumba. Prov. Mattogrosso (Coll. Johnson) ; Santa
Anna Valley Peru (Angrand). Extends from New Granada and
( 'dijenneto Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay, as far west as the east-
ern slope of the Andes.

Helix oblonga MULL., Hist. Vermium ii, p. 86, and of Bonx,
GMKLIN, DILLYWN. — Bulimus oblong us BRUG., Encycl. Mt-th. i, p.
318.— ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Merid. p. 297.— REEVE, C. Icon. f. 210.
PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 21 ; iii, 304; iv, 366; vi, 10; Couchyl. Cab.
pi. 22, f. 1, 2.— DROUET, Moll. Guyan. Fr. p. 58, pi. 2, f. 25, 26
(egg and young). — MART., Novit. Conch, v, p. 17 ; Conch. Mittheil.
i, p. 157.— HEYNEMANN, Malak. Bl. 1868, p. 107, pi. 5, f. 7 (jaw and
teeth).— SEMPER, Reisen; p. 150, pi. 14, f. 10; pi. 16, f. 25 ; pi. 17,
f. 1 (anatomy). — PARAVICINI, Boll. Mus. Zool. ed Anat. comp.
Univ. Torino, ix, no. 181, p. 5. — Turbo ha;maslomus GMEL., Syst.
Nat. p. 3596. — Bulimus hcemastomus SCOPOLI Delic. Flor. et Faun.
Insub. p. 67, pi. 25, f. 1, 2 (probably).— LEACH, Zool. Misc. i, pi. 29.
— GUILD., Zool. Journ. ii, p. 440, suppl. pi. 16 bis, f. 1-4. — KUSTER,
Conchy 1. Cab. Bui., p. 5, pi. 1, f. 3, 4.— TROSCHEL, Archiv f. Naturg.
1849, i, p. 227, pi. 4, f. 1.— LESSON, Centime Zoologique 1830, pi. 77.

30 STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS.

fiulimu* roseus MONTFORT, Conch. Syst. p. 259, pi. 65. — Helix semi-
lineata MKE.,Synops. (1), p. 75. — AmpullariaroseaSpix, Test. Bras,
p. 3, pi. 4, f. 3.

This is by far the most widely distributed of the Borus group, and
is correspondingly abundant in collections. The largest specimen I
have seen measures 132 mill, long (collection of Chas. W. John-
son). The smallest, from Mocambo, Brazil, collected by J. G.
Anthony, measures 74 mill. long.

The spire is always conical, erect and elongated, the apex acute
for a Borus. The distribution of this species north of Tobago I
regard as probably effected by man.

Var. CRASSUS Albers. PI. 15, fig. 20.

Shell very thick and heavy throughout ; aperture smaller, shorter,
the roseate lip much thickened by additions on its face ; parietal
callus rosy, thick, with a lump above.

Alt. 86, diam. 53, aperture alt. 43 mill.

Parana region (Orbigny, Giilich).

B. oblongus var. crassa ALB., Die Hel. 1850, pp. 142, 144.— MAR-
TENS, Novit. Conch, v, p. 19. — B. hcemastoma SOWB., Conch. Illustr.
f. 103, left side.— FERUSSAC, Hist. pi. 146, f. 3, 4.— B. oblongus var.
ORB., Voy. dans 1'Amer. Merid. p. 298, pi. 37, f. 1 (living animal)
etc.

The specimen figured on pi. 15 weighs 3* oz.
Yar. TOBAGOENSIS Pilsbry (n. v.). PI. 14, fig. 70.

Like oblongus in size and general form, but pure white through-
out under a deciduous yellow cuticle (rarely, if ever, entirely re-
tained in the adult) ; the mouth porcelain-white or ivory-white ; lip
reflexed, thin or thickened ; columella more distinctly folded than
in the type. Alt. 89, diam. 52 mill.

Island of Tobago.

A considerable series of Tobago specimens is before me, collected
by Dr. Benjamin Sharp and Thomas Bland, all albinos with well-
developed columellar fold. All records of oblongus from that island
refer to the white variety ; and I, therefore, believe it to represent
a constant insular subspecies. No specimens from other localities
among the 50 or more which I have examined, are albinos. Yon
Martens states that he knew of no white-mouthed examples ; so
that it is moderately well established that such do not occur in con-
tinental South America, or if they do, are exceedingly rare.

8TROPHOCHEILUS-BORU8. 31

S. CAPILLACEUS PfeifFer. PL 14, fig. 69.

Shell oval or ovate, thin and light, closely and finely rib-striate
on the earlier whorls, more irregularly wrinkle-striate on the body-
whorl, at least above. Light brown under a thin brownish cuticle,
which has a tendency to be deciduous in spiral bands. Suture more
or less crenulated. Whorls 5-54, the earlier 1 or 2 planorboid,
forming a very obtuse apex; post-nepionic whorls H-l.], the last
whorl evenly convex. Aperture large, decidedly over half the
shell's length, brown within; outer lip narrowly reflexed, pink,
evenly curved ; columella as in oblongus ; parietal callus light, thin,
transparent or pinkish.

Alt. 58, diam. 38 ; alt. apert. 35 mill.

Alt. til, diam. 37 ; alt. apert. 35 mill.

Banks of Upper Amazon (Splimoes) River (Yates) ; Miobamba,
Brazil (Swift) ; Moyobamba, in the middle forest region of N.-E.
Peru, 870 meters (Stiibel).

B. capillaceus PFR., P. Z. S., 1855, p. 93 ; Monogr. iv, p. 367 ;
vi, 12. — HUPE, in Castelnau's Exped., p. 26, pi. 4, f. 3. — B. oblon-
f/us var. capillaceus MARTENS, Novit. Conch., v, p. 19 ; Conchol.
Mittheil., i, p. 157.

This seems to me perfectly distinct from S. oblongus in the
smaller size, fewer whorls, much more obtuse apex, etc., so far as I
may judge from the 10 specimens I have seen.

Var. SENERI Jousseaume. PI. 30, fig. 23.

Shell umbilicated, solid, ovate, irregularly plicate-rugose and mal-
leated, white, whorls 5, slightly convex, the last ventricose, about ?
the shell's length ; suture crenulated, aperture ovate oblong, dilated
at base, milk-white inside ; peristome thickened, narrowly expanded
and reflexed, white with a slight rose tint, its ends joined by a
spreading callus; right margin thicker, columellar much dilated.
Alt. 70, width 37 ; aperture alt. 35, width 20 mill. (Jouss.}.

U. S. of Colombia (Jouss.).

Borus seneri Jouss., Bull, de la Soc. Zool. de France, 1884, p. 169,
pi. 4, f. 3.

Differs from Borus oblongus in the smaller size, embryonic nucleus
very large, thick shell, strong wide irregular riblets, forming pro-
jecting teeth at the suture; umbilicus large and deep; peristome
white, slightly washed with rose ; columellar margin very wide ; plane
of the aperture forming an angle of 20° with the axis.

32 STROrHOCHEFLUS-BORUS.

It seems to differ from the variety following in the distinctly den-
ticulate suture and large umbilicus; S. capillaceus var. intertc.rttt*
having the suture non-denticulate and the umbilicus a mere chink.
In the typical S. capillaceus there is usually a narrow chink only,
but sometimes a distinct umbilical cavity. It is rather doubtful
whether seneri and intertextus are true geographic races or only ex-
treme specimens of an everywhere variable species.

Var. INTERTEXTUS Pilsbry (n. v.). PI. 17, figs. 30, 31.

Shell with the size, blunt apex and sculpture of earlier whorls as
in capillaceus, but heavier, last whorl with the wrinkle-strife ana-
stomosing to form long, narrow diamond-shaped pits. Aperture
rounder, the lip much thickened ; parietal callus very heavy, and
with the entire peristorne of a bright rose-color ; interior of mouth
whitish. Alt. 64, diam. 41 ; apert. alt. 35 mill.

Corumbd, prov. Mattogrosso, Brazil (coll. C. "VV. Johnson).

Somewhat analogous to the var. crassus of S. oblongus.

S. LICHTENSTEINI Albers. PI. 11, figs. 55, 56.

Upper whorls just as in B. oblongus ; third whorl and those fol-
lowing uniform brown-yellow, the fold-stria? gradually becoming
more irregular, on the penultimate and last whorls broken into
hammer-stroke like impressions in places; cuticle mostly well pre-
served ; all whorls more swollen than in B. oblongus, especially the
last, while the general form is more conical. The ante-penultimate
whorl is more strongly convex, the penult, more flattened, and this
gives the shell a peculiar aspect. Aperture broad-oval ; peristome
but little reflexed, and only very moderately thickened, pure ivhite ;
columellar margin thin, forming a regular bow from basal to parie-
tal margin, imperceptibly passing into the latter; parietal callus
whitish, rather thin, with definite edge, and not very broad.
(Mart.)

Alt. 73, diam. 46 ; apert. alt. 40, width 29, inside 22 mill.

Alt. 70, diarn. 43 ; apert. alt. 41, width 31, inside 24 mill.

Upper Maranon River (Warscewicz) ; Guajango, Peru (Stoltz-
mann).

11. lichtensteini ALB., Malak. HI., i, 1854, p. 216. — PFR., Novit.
Conch., i, pi. 9, f. 1,2; Monogr., iv, p. 336. — MARTENS, Novit,
Conch, v, p. 20.— LUBOMIRSKI, P. Z. S, 1879, p. 721.

STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS. 33

This species differs much from 8. oblongus in the aperture. The
cited figures (copied on pi. 11, figs. 55, 56) represent it broader and
shorter above than any of the specimens before me. Young examples
have a narrow umbilicus, and a small chink filled with earth
remains to be seen in many adults. (Martens).

S. ROSACEUS King. PI. 5, fig. 26 ; pi. 6, figs. 29, 30.

Shell oblong-ovate, rather thin, pinkish under a yellow cuticle,
the spire flesh-pink ; penultimate whorl more or less speckled or
zigzagged with whitish. Whorls 4J, the first planorboid, oblique to
axis, .with deep suture, smooth ; the next whorl most minutely gran-
ular, with regularly crenulated suture ; following whorls having ir-
regular wrinkle-stria, and a dense, fine, but irregular decussate
granulation, the sutures somewhat irregularly crenulated.

Aperture slightly over half the shell's length, ovate, fleshy-brown-
ish within ; peristome white, broadly reflexed, rather thin ; outer
lip evenly and well arched, columella concave below, oblique and
with a weak straightish entering fold above, its outer edge broadly
expanded, vaulted over the open (rarely closed) umbilicus ; parie-
tal callus light, transparent- whitish.

Alt. 52, diarn. 28 mill. ; aperture, alt. 29 mill.

Alt. 62, diam. 30 mill. ; aperture, alt. 32* mill.

Chiloe (Phil.) northward; Huasco (Bridges); Valparaiso; ( 'o-
quimbo, Chili; Huanuco, Peru (Angrand) ; Cocapata, Bolivia.

Bulinus rosaceus KING, Zool. Journ., v, p. 341. — Sown., Conch.
Illustr., f. 5 ; Beechey's Voy. Blossom, pi. 58, f. 15 ; Conch. Man.,
f. 282. — Bulimus rosaceus DESH., in Lam. An. s. Vert., p. 269 ; in
Fer. Hist., p. 36, pi. 139, f. 20-23.— POT. & MICH., Galerie, i, p.
153, pi. 15, f. 3, 4. — ORBIGNY, Voy. dans PAmer., M«'rid., p. .'504,
pi. 34, f. 11, 12 (living animal).— RYE., C. Icon., f. 87.— PFR.,
Monogr., ii, p. 52 ; Conchyl. Cab., pi. 68, f. 4, 5. — HIDALGO, Viaje
al Pacif. p. 53. — Martens, Novit. Conch., v, p. 21. — MORELET, S<T.
Conch, iii, p. 170.

S. CKENULATUS Pfeiffer. PL 13, figs. 65, 66, 67.

Shell oblong-ovate, rather thin, fleshy-buff, becoming flesh-colored

above, usually more or less mottled with white in zigzag pattern

throughout ; the cuticle very thin, persistent. Whorls 4-', the first

planorboid, with deep, smooth suture ; nepionic shell of nearly 2*

whorls, densely spirally striated, the second and all subsequent

whorls with regularly, strongly crenulated sutures. Post-nepionic

3

.".4 STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS.

whorls densely granulated throughout ; last whorl flattened and de-
scending in front. Aperture ovate, over half the shell's length ;
peristome white, broadly reflexed, the margins converging; outer
lip well curved ; columellar lip concave below, oblique and straight-
ened above, broadly dilated over but not closing the umbilicus ;
parietal callus short, transparent-white.

Alt. 37, diarn. 22 mill. ; alt. of aperture 22* mill.

Alt. 31, diam. 17 mill. ; alt. of aperture 17 mill.

Coquimbo, Huasco and Talcahuano, Chili (Orb., Hidalgo),

Bulinus chilensis SOWB., P. Z. S., 1833, p. 36 ; Conch. Illustr., f.
4 (not B. (Achatina) chilensis Lesson, 1830). — Bulimm crenulatus
PFR., Zeitschr. f. Mai., 1845, p. 46 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 251, pi. 68, f.
8, 9 ; Monogr., ii, p. 53. — HIDALGO, Mol. Viaje al Pacif., p. 54. —
MARTENS, Novit. Conch., v, p. 22. — B. rosaceus var. DESH., in An.
s. Vert., viii, p, 269 ; in Fer. Hist., pi. 139, f.22, 23.— ORB., Toy.
dans 1'Amer. Merid. p. 304. — ? B. sqiiamulatus CRIST. & JAN.,
Villa, Disp. Syst., p. 36.

Inhabits the same region as S. rosaceus, from which the smaller
size and more converging ends of peristome separate it.

This species varies a good deal in size and proportions of length
to breadth ; and the umbilicus, generally quite large, is occasion-
ally wholly closed. The initial whorl is, when unworn, finely stri-
ated spirally as in the following species, from which the larger size,
and more remote lip-ends easily separate rosaceus.

S. CRENELLUS Philippi. PL 15, figs. 21, 22.

Shell subimperforate, oblong-ovate, thin, obsoletely granulated ;
pale brown>; spire obtuse; suture crenulated ; whorls 4£, convex,
the last equalling five-ninths the total length, strongly descending.
Aperture oblong ; peristome expanded, subreflexed, moderately
thickened, the margins separated ; columella nearly perpendicular,
violaceous.

Alt. 27, diam. 16 mill. (Phil').

Hacienda of Unigambal, Peru (Raimondi).

B. crenellus PH., Malak. Bl. xiv, 1867, p. 67 ; Novit. Couch, iii,
p. 346, pi. 81, f. 17, 18.— PFR., Monogr. vi, p. 24.

Nearly allied to B. crenulatus Pfr., but thinner, more elliptical, and
much more weakly granulated ; the mouth narrower, lip thinner
and columella nearly vertical.

STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS. 35

S. PACHYCHILUS Pfeiffer. PI. 12, figs. 63, 64.

Shell ovate-oblong, whitish, rather solid ; whorls 4-44, the apical
one planorboid ; nepionic shell of 2 2 whorls, spirally striated, some
of the stride beaded, distinctly crenulated at the suture ; post-nepio-
nic whorls 1 £, not regularly crenulated at suture, wrinkle-striate, finely
spirally granulated or with the granulation obsolete. Aperture
ovate, white within; peristome isabelline, the ends approaching;
outer lip slightly expanded and very much thickened on its face ;
columella regularly concave ; umbilical chink narrow.

Alt 35, diam. 20 mill. ; alt. of aperture 2(H mill.

Questa de Arenas, Huasco, Chili (Bridges).

Bulitnus pachychilus PFR., P. Z. S. 1842, p. 186 ; Symbols ii, p.
48 ; Monogr. ii, p. 46 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 251, pi. 68, f. 6, 7.— PHIL.
Abbild. u. Beschreib. i, p. 57, pi. 1, f. 14. — MARTENS, Novit. Couch,
v, p. 22.

The thickened lip and obsolescence or irregularity of the cren-
ulation of the suture on last whorl, distinguish this species from its
nearest ally, S. crenulatus. The nepionic shell moreover, is not
evenly spirally striate as in crenulatus, but has larger, granulated,
spirals at intervals, with smooth finer ones between them. It in-
habits a dry region, and is doubtless a modification of the rosaceus
and crenulatus type.

S. BRLDGE8I Pfeiffer. PL 2, figs. 4, 5, 6.

Shell slender, elongated-ovate, rather thin light brownish with
usually a fleshy tint on the spire. AVhorls 4£, the upper two form-
ing a smoother but delicately spirally lirulate nepionic portion, first
whorl sinking at the obtuse apex, sutures deep, smooth, becoming
shallower on later whorls. Post-nepionic whorls 2}, densely but
rather obsoletely decussate-granulate. Aperture ovate, over half
the shell's length, oblique ; peristome flatly reflexed, wide, whitish,
thin, the ends converging, connected by a short but usually rather
heavy, thin-edged whitish parietal callus; columella utterly foldless,
dilated above, vaulted over the moderately large umbilicus.

Alt. 20*-22£, diam. 11 J mill.; aperture, alt. 12 mill.

Province Huasco, Chili (Bridges).

JS. bridgesi PFR, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 186 ; Symbols ii, p. 4:} ; Con-
chyl. Cab. pi. 68, f. 10, 11 ; Monogr. ii, p. 47.— PHIL., Abbild. u.
Beschreib. i, p. 58, pi. 1. f. 15.

36 STROPHOCHEILUS-BORUS.

This is unquestionably a Borus of the B. crenulatustype, although
the form is slender and the suture smooth. The large nepionic shell
is distinctly demarked from the after-growth.

S. LUTESCENS King. PI. 12, fig. 59 ; pi. 9, figs. 46, 47, 48.

Shell perforate, ovate, rather thin (or in a variety, thick and
solid), covered with a thin pale yellow cuticle. Surface with incon-
spicuous growth-wrinkles and minutely decussate granulate.
Whorls 4*, the first one planorboid, the last ventricose-oval ; suture
linear, impressed, descending and then ascending at aperture. Aper-
ture ovate; outer lip narrowly expanded, thin or thickened, orange
or brownish ; columella expanded and vaulted over the perforation ;
parietal callus thin, transparent.

Alt. 26i-27£ ; diam. 19-20 mill. ; aperture, alt. 16-16£ mill.

S. Uruguay, at Montevideo (Paz, Martenez, et al.} ; Maldonado
(King).

Bulinus lutescens KING, Zool. Journ. v, p. 340. — Bulimus lutescens
PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 49 ; vii, 46.— MARTENS, Novit. Conch, v, p. 23,
with var. australis. — Bulinus nucleus SOWB., Conch. Illustr. f. 33.—
REEVE, Conch. Icon. f. 99.— DESH., in Fer. Hist. p. 37, pi. 139, f. 15,
16.— ORB., Voy. dans 1'Amer. Merid. p. 305.— STROBEL, Malac.
Argent, p. 20.

Distinct from all the foregoing species (except S. bridgesi) in the
non-crenulated sutures and absence of riblets or other special sculpt-
ure on the earlier whorls.

Var. australis Martens. PI. 9, figs. 47,48.

Similar to lutescens, but when adult rather heavier, the peristome
much thickened as in S. pachychilus.

Alt. 29J, diam. 20 mill.

Bahia Blanca, Prov. Buenos Ayres, Argentina (Orbigny ; U. S. F.
C. Str. ' Albatross ')•

The lip is somewhat thickened also in some of the specimens before
me from Montevideo, though less so than in those from Bahia
Blanca, which lies nearly 10 degrees further south. On the other
hand, some of the specimens apparently quite adult, which I
have seen from Bahia Blanca, have the lip thin ; so that the variety
is of but slight value.

STROPHOCHEILUS-DRYPTUS. 37

S. GLOBOSUS Martens. PI. 2, figs. 2, 3.

Shell imperforate, ovate-globose, solid, striatulate rather shining,
roseate under a yellow cuticle. Whorls 5, convex, joined by a
rather deep suture, the first and second smooth, forming an
extremely obtuse apex, the last inflated, slightly descending at
aperture. Aperture rather oblique, ovate ; peristome white, thick-
ened outside ; outer lip strongly arched, columellaalso arched, some-
what calloused, appressed outwardly, above broadened on the parietal
wall ; parietal callus thin, wide. Length 42, diam. 31 mill.; apert-
ture/length 28?, width including peristome 25, or inside peristome
17 mill. (Mart.).

Habitat unknown.

B. globosus MARTENS in Pfr., Monogr. viii, p. 17 ; Novit. Couch,
v, p. 24, pi. 140, f. 2, 3.

Of this peculiar species but one example from Dohrn's collection
is before me. It reminds one of B. lichtensteini in form, but is com-
paratively shorter and rounder, the cuticle more shining, the deposit
on the parietal wall wider, especially below, where it is prolonged
over the umbilical tract. The first whorl is entirely flat, of the same
height as the second, on which bare traces of vertical stria? begin to
show ; but on the third whorl these are somewhat more distinct,
though remaining flat, never attaining the height and sharpness of
those of B. lichtensteini. Finally, on the penultimate and last
whorls they become closely crowded, flat, somewhat irregular wrinkle-
stria?, which at the suture are somewhat more elevated. The suture
is not deeply impressed, and falls only very moderately toward the
aperture. (Martens').

Subgenus DRYPTUS Albers, 1860.

Dryptus ALB., Die Hel. 1860, p. 194, type Bulimus moritzianus
Pfr. '

Shell rather larr/e, ovate or elongated, unicolored dark brown or
zebra-striped, the surface comparatively smooth, not roughly malle-
ated or much wrinkled. Aperture ovate; peristome varying from
slightly expanded to reflexed and recurved. Columella slightly
convex above or with a stout fold. Type S. moritzianus Pfr.

This group contains a few large species of Venezuela and Colombia,
not having the wrinkle-sculpture of Plekocheilus, the spiral lines of
Coniclus or the granulation of Eurytus. While a natural group, it

38 STROFHOCHEILUS-DRYPTUS.

is not easily defined to exclude some species of other sections. The
apex is often decollate, in living examples.

Key to species.

a. Columellar fold weak, tinted ; spire not more striate than body-
whorl.

6. Surface with faint spiral cords ; spire nor pitted ; outer lip
narrow.

c. Aperture over half the alt. ; fold weak; microscopically

lineolate vertically, moritzianus ; guerini.

cc. Aperture half the alt. or less ; fold stronger ; zebra-striped,

pardalis.
bb. Surface wrinkle-striate and granulated; unicolored ; ovate,

stubeli.

bbb. Surface of spire pitted ; shell long; lip heavy, wide, brown,

funcki.

aa. Columellar fold strong, white ; no spiral cords; spire rib-striate.
b. Surface microscopically w-punctate or granulate,

marmoratus.
bb. Surface microscopically irregularly granulate, venesuelensis.

B. MORITZIANUS Pfeiffer. PI. 21, figs. 46, 47.

Shell oblong-ovate, solid and strong, imperforate; chestnut-brown,
with darker streaks ; surface of latter two whorls closely and somewhat
spirally malleated, the malleation especially on the back of last whorl ;
with slight growth-wrinkles below suture. Micro-sculpture, an exces-
sively fine, dense, longitudinal, vermiculate striolation, hardly visible
except on last whorl, the next-to-last whorl with the striolation more
confused, but not regularly granulate. Whorls remaining 5£, the
apex being lost by erosion or truncation, and plugged. Earlier
whorls generally with more or less zigzag, Achatina-like marking.

Aperture decidedly over half the shell's length, dark bluish in-
side ; peristome buff, expanded, thick; columella buff, spreading
above, with a distinct entering fold. Parietal callus rather thin,
transparent- whitish.

Alt. 90, diam. 42, alt. aperture 47 mill.

Alt. 91, diam. 48, alt. aperture 52 mill.

Alt. 81, diam. 45, alt. aperture 46 mill.

Alt. 60, diam. 33, alt. aperture 35 mill.

Alt. 54, diam. 30, alt. aperture 33 mill.

Caracas, and Province Tritxillo, Venezuela; Pamplona U. S. of
Colombia; Punamarca, Peru.

STROPHOCHEILUS-DRYPTUS. ."'.I

Bulimus moritzianus PFR., Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1847, p. 66 ; Con-
chyl. Cab. p. 254, pi. 69, f. 2-5 ; Monogr. ii, p. 23.— REEVE, C. Icon,
pi. 25, f. 162.— DESK, in Fer., Hist, ii, p. 26, pi. 144, f. 7-10.-
MARTENS, Biunenrnoll. Venez. p. 16.— Lubomirski P. Z.S. 1879, p.
721.

The columellar fold is not so strong as in S. marmoratus ; the spire
is shorter than in S. pardalis ; and it differs from both of these, as
well as from the other allied species, in the minute sculpture, which
is seen only with a strong lens. In the series of 10 specimens before
me, the apex is constantly decollated. Been from behind, the lowest
suture is noticeably oblique to those above.

Var. wilsoni Pilsbry. PI. 21, fig. 48.

Shell with sculpture and general form of moritzianus, but the lip
very narrowly expanded, liver-brown ; columella broadly arcuate
below, with scarcely perceptible fold above. Yellow, closely zigzag-
streaked with brown, spire purple above.

Alt. 69, diam. 40 mill. ; aperture alt. 39 mill.

S. GUERINI Pfeiffer. PI. 3, fig. 7.

Shell imperforate, oblong-ovate, rather thin, irregularly rugose-
striate; tawny-brown; spire conic, obtuse, paler, ornamented with
streaks and spots of red. Whorls 5, a little convex, the last a little
longer than the spire ; columella buff, arcuate, somewhat twisted
above. Aperture acute-oval, leaden and very shiny inside ; per-
istome narrowly reflexed, buff, the basal lip forming an indistinct
angle with the columella. Alt. 41, diam. 18J mill.; aperture, 23
mill, long, 13 wide in the middle. (Pfr.').

I '. S. of Colombia (Cuming coll.).

B. guerini PFR., P. Z. S. 1846, p. 40 ; Monogr. ii, p. 27. — DESK.,
in Fer. Hist. p. 52, pi. 130, f.3, 4.

I am diposed to believe with Reeve, that this is a small form of S.
moritzianus.

S. PARDALIS Ferussac. PI. 19, fig. 36.

Shell elongated-ovate, rather slender, solid, perforate or rarely
closed ; zebra-striped irregularly with purple-brown and white under
« thin yellow cuticle. Surface with numerous low, inconspicuous
rather close spiral cords, malleated between them ; without minute
sculpture, or with traces of longitudinal striolation in places. Spire

40 STROPHOCHEILUS-DRYPTUS.

elongated; apex obtuse, the tip turning imvard, generally entire;
earlier whorls densely granulated when not eroded. Whorls 6.

Aperture slightly less than half the shell's length, narrow-ovate,
bluish inside ; peristome white or yellowish, narrowly expanded,
rather thick ; columella short, vertical, with a short but strongly
canvex entering fold above, parietal callus bluish-transparent.

Alt. 85, diam. 44, alt. of aperture 43 mill.

Alt. 88, diam. 42, alt. of aperture 43 mill.

Alt. 70, diam. 37*, alt. of aperture 38 mill.

Maricaibo and Prov. Cumana, Venezuela (Swift) ; La Baja, prov.
Pamplona, U. S. of Columbia (Funck, for B. leptochilus).

Helix (Cochlostylck) pardalis FER., Prodrome p. 48. Hist. pi. 112,
f. 7, 8 (immature). — Bulimus pardalis PFR., Symb. iii, p. 86; Con-
chyl. Cab. p. 184, pi. 54, f. 1-5 ; Monogr. ii, p. 36.— MARTENS,
Binneumoll. Venez. p. 16. Not B, pardalis Reeve. — B. leptochilus
PFR., P. Z. S. 1848, p. Ill ; Monogr. ii, p. 534 (young shell).-
B. lindeni REEVE, Conch. Icon. pi. 31, f. 189. — B. astrapoides JON-
AS, Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1844, p. 35 ; Molluskologische Beitrage, pi. xi,
f. 17, 17a.— PHILIPPI, Abbild. u. Beschreib. i, p. 157, pi. 2, f. 3, 4.

Allied to S. moritzianus, but zebra-striped throughout like an Acha-
tina, and with only faint traces of the microscopic sculpture. The
columellar fold is decidedly stronger than in moritzianus, but less
strong than S. marmoratus. The aperture is as a general rule less
than half the shell's length ; but in one specimen of the ten before
me it slightly exceeds the half. The last suture, viewed from the
back, is nearly parallel with those above in S. pardalis, but is not-
ably oblique in the other species mentioned.

S. MARMORATUS Dunker. PI. 20, fig. 45.

Shell oblong-ovate, solid, perforated ; covered with a yellow or
brownish cuticle, under which it is zigzag ly zebra-striped purple-
brown and whitish, the earlier whorls dull purplish-brown with light
suture. Surface with no malleation or spiral cords, but usually show-
ing some spiral girdles of short, close, vertical wrinkles, that at
suture most constant. Some whorls of spire with separated rib-
strire. Whorls 5£, the last, especially its latter portion, most min-
utely, densely punctate-engraved in zigzag or % pattern, the design
usually much interrupted, but always recognizable; uext-to-last
whorl more coarsely, densely granose, without pattern.

STROPHOCHEILUS-DRYPTUS. 41

Aperture somewhat over half the shell's length, ovate, livid-bluish
within ; peristome white or fleshy-yellow edged, well expanded and
reflexed, moderately thick, columella with a very 4rong, obliquely
entering fold above.

Alt. 96, diam. 53, alt. of aperture 53 mill.

Alt. 88, diam. 51, alt. of aperture 50 mill.

Alt. 108, diam. 50, alt, of aperture 56 mill. (P/r.).

Caracas, Venezuela.

f>. mannoratus DKR. in Phil., Abbild. u. Beschreib. i, p. 157, pi.
2, f. 1, 2 (October, 1844).— PFR., Monogr. iv, p. 381.— MARTENS,
Binnenmoll. Venez,, p. 15. — B.pardalis var. PFR., Monogr. ii, p.
36; iii, p. 317. — B.pardalis REEVE, Conch. Icon. pi. 24, f. 157.

This species differs from S. venezuelensis only in the more or less
distinctly criss-cross pattern of the microscopic sculpture on the last
whorl, but so characteristic is this that I do not feel justified in unit-
ing the two species. The striping is sometimes very irregular and
zigzag, sometimes merely streaked ; and the size of the shell varies
considerably.

S. VENEZUELENSIS Nyst. PI. 23, figs. 59, 60.

Shell oblong-ovate, solid, perforated; rich chestnut brown, with
zebra-striping of yellow on next to the last whorl and the upper
part of last whorl, the earlier whorls dull reddish or purplish-brown
with a whitish sutural border. Surface with no malleation or spiral
cords, but showing some spiral zones or lines of short, clo*e vertical
ivrinklex, one always below suture. Some whorls of spire rib-striate.
Whorls 5i. Surface showing under a lens, a minute, dense gran-
ulation, the granule* crowded, not in the lea*t arranged in any ]>< it-
tern.

Aperture a little exceeding half the shell's length, ovate, livid-
bluish within ; peristome broadly reflexed, white or yellowish, moder-
ately thick ; columella with a very strong, obliquely entering fold
above; parietal callus rather thin and transparent.

Alt. 85, diam. 46, alt. of aperture 45 mill.

Alt. 89, diam. 50, alt. of aperture 48 mill.

Alt. 83, diam. 49, alt. of aperture 45 mill.

Alt. 88, diam. 46, alt. of aperture 4-S mill.

Cavern of Guacharos, Prov. Cuinana (Funck) ; Puerto Cabel/<> <nnl
Caracas (Swift), Venezuela.

42 STROPHOCHEILUS-DRYPTUS.

Bulimus venezuelensis NYST, Bull, de 1'Acad. Roy. de Bruxelles,
xii, (1), p. 227, pi., figs, la, 16. (" B. venetiolensis " on plate), 1845.

This species has been considered a synonym of marmoratus by
various authors, but having a good series of both species before me
I have satisfied myself that they are distinct. The microscopic
granulation of the surface is wholly irregular in this species, while
in marmoratus it shows more or less obvious arrangement into a
zigzag pattern. In the form, coarser sculpture, strong columellar
fold, etc., the two species are practically identical.

The body-whorl is often almost free from Achatina-like striping,
and though usually of a rich reddish chestnut color, this is occasion-
ally replaced by a peculiarly pleasing olive-green.

S. STUBELI Martens. PI. 20, figs. 42, 43, 44.

Shell perforate, ovate-oblong, closely subgranulose, rugose-striate ;
pale chestnut, unicolored. Spire subconoid, apex worn ; whorls 4-
5, but little convex, the upper smooth, the last slightly more ventri-
cose.

Aperture slightly over half the shell's length, subovate, livid in-
side : peristome thickened, narrowly reflexed, pale orange ; the ends
joined by a shining callus; outer margin lightly arcuate, columellar
margin rather widened, free, passing inward in a moderately distinct
fold. Alt. 60, diam. 32 ; aperture, alt. 34, width 24 including per-
istome ; measured inside, 29 x 18z mill. (Martens).

Fusagasuga, New Granada, about 1700 meters alt. (Stiibel).

Bulimus (Dryptus) stubeli MTS., Conch. Mittheil. ii, p. 172, pi.
32, f. 6, 7, 8.

The striae are coarse, somewhat oblique and wrinkle-like, and
more or less distinctly, finely granulated, especially on the last
whorl. It is uniform yellowish-brown. The apex is lost in the unique
type, so that the number of whorls is not known exactly, but there
must be at least 4, and apparently a half or whole whorl more. The
upper one preserved is smooth, and evidently this is not entirely on
account of erosion ; there is none of the special sculpture visible on
it, such as is so characteristic of most Boms species. There are 2
or 3 granules in the distance across each wrinkle (see fig. 43).

S. FUNCKI Nyst. PI. 18, figs. 34, 35.

Shell oblong, solid, umbilicate or perforate ; uniform dark chest-
nut-brown or olive-brown, the spire reddish and often with some

STROPHOCHEILUS-THAfMAsTUS. 43

light zigzag streaks ; apex purplish. Surface of body-whorl shining,
with indistinct, irregular growth-marks, often some low, hardly
noticeable spiral cords, and under a strong lens seen to be finely and
densely, but obsoletely granulated. Whorl* of the spire peculiarly
pitted throughout, and shortly plicate or puckered below the sutures.
Whorls about 5j, the apex obtuse, generally entire; suture gener-
ally edged by a white line.

Aperture half the shell's length or less, dark brownish inside ;
peristome brown, very broadly reflexed and recurved, moderately thick
and rounded on the face. Columella deeply entering, nearly straight
above; parietal callus transparent.

Alt. 80, diam. 38, alt. of aperture 40 mill.

Alt. 82, diam. 41, alt. of aperture 42 mill.

Alt. 89, diam. 38, alt. of aperture 40 mill.

Mts. of Caripe, near the cavern of Guacharos, prov. Cumana, Ven-
ezuela (Funck).

Bulimus funckii NYST. Mem. Hoc. Roy. Sci. Liege, i, (1843), p. 26l>,
pi. 7, f. 2 ; Bull, de 1' Acad. Roy. Brux. xii, (2), p. 146, pi. 1, f. 1
(1845).— PHIL., Abbild. ii, p. 9, pi. 3, f. 1.— REEVE, C. Icon. pi. 28,
f. 171.— DESK, in Fer. Hist. p. 51. pi. 138, f. 13, 14.— PFR., Monogr.
ii, p. 36 ; vi, 24 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 185, pi. 55, f. 1-4.— B. super bus
JONAS, Zeitschr. f. Malak. 1844, p. 35 ; Molluskologische Beitriige,
p. 24, pi. 11, f. 16.— B. adoptus REEVE, C. Icon. pi. 82, f. 608.

The narrow form, heavy lip and shallow pit sculpture of the early
whorls are characteristic. Reeve has called a light-lipped form B.
adoptus. It may perhaps prove varietally distinguishable (fig. 35).

Subgenus THAUMASTUS Albers, 1860.

Thaumatus ALBERS, ms. in Die Hel. edit. Martens, p. 215, type
Bulimus hartwegi Pfr. — Orphnus ALBERS, Die Hel. 1850, p. 146.
-MART., in Die Hel. 1860, p. 193, type Bulimus taunaysii Fer.
Not Orphnus Macleay, 1819 (Coleoptera), nor Orphnus Lef. 1842
(Neuroptera). Tatntor JOUSSEAUME Le Naturaliste ix, 1887, p. 6,
type T. tatutor Jouss.

Shell long-ovate, with lengthened spire and blunt apex ; moder-
ately solid, opaque, usually streaked or banded ; aperture small, less
than half the shell's length, ovate, the outer lip blunt, not expanded;
columella short, reflexed, with a rather weak fold or none. Type
S. hartwegi Pfr.

44 STROPHOCHEILUS-TIIAUMASTUS.

This group differs from the preceding subgenera in its simple, un-
expanded lip. A few forms of Dryptus, such as S. pardalis, connect
to some extent, the two groups. Thaumastus is most abundantly
developed on the eastern slope of the Andes in Peru, while Dryptus is
mainly a group of Venezuela and Columbia, Strophocheilus of Brazil,
and Borus covers practically the entire range of all the other
groups.

It is a mere accident that the name Thaumastus is applied to this
group, the fact being that of the entire list given in Die Heliceen,
only one species — the one designated as type — belongs to the present
genus, the others being Bulimulidce. Thaumastus as here used is
therefore by no means equivalent to Thaumastus of former authors.
It is more nearly equal to Orphnus (a preoccupied name), but in-
cludes, as will be seen, some species referred hitherto to Scutalm,
etc.

The species fall into four groups distinguished by the following
characters :

a. Shell distinctly perforate or umbilicated.

b. Large (alt. about 80 mill), solid, with dark lip and col-
umella, the body-whorl with some spiral series of grains,

Group of S. melanocheilus.
bb. Usually smaller, without this special sculpture,

Group of S. inca.
act. Shell imperforate.

b. Nepionic whorls longitudinally rib-striate,

Group of S. taunaisii.

bb. Nepionic whorls thimble-pitted, Group of S. thompsoni.
As the apical sculpture of a considerable number of species is un-
known, some transpositions and other changes in this grouping will
probably be necessary. Moreover, many cabinet specimens are too
worn to show the true sculpture.

Group of S. melanocheilus.

Perforate, with dark peristome and columella, the surface with
some spaced spiral series of granules; nepionic shell closely waved-
striate.

S. MELANOCHEILUS Nyst. PI. 23, figs. 62, 63.

Shell perforate, lengthened-ovate, solid; chestnut brown, with a
darker girdle below the white-edged suture, bounded below by a

STROPHOCIIEIIA'S-THArMASTl'S. 45

yellowish band, the periphery encircled by a dark girdle between
two yellowish bands. Surface somewhat shining, irregularly
wrinkled by growth-striae, and having some spaced spiral series of
granules on the upper of the body-whorl, more or less distinct on
earlier whorls ; the nepionic shell minutely and closely vermiculate-
striate. Spire lengthened, regular, having a moderately impressed
suture margined below by a puckered or crenulate border; whorls
a trifle over 6, the first forming a planorboid obtuse apex, the
rest gently convex ; latter half of last whorl obliquely descending.

Aperture ovate, whitish-brown and lustrous within ; peristome
slightfi/ expanded, ivith a ivide thickened black-brown rim within;
columellar margin dark brown, reflexed, widened above vaulted over
the large, open perforation, with an oblique, feebly convex, long
entering fold. Parietal wall covered with a rather thick dark
callus. Alt. 80, diam. 38-40 mill. ; alt. of mouth 40 mill.

" Pampas of South America " (Nyst.) ; Andes of Peru (Swift) ; Par-
aguay (Reeve).

Bulimus melanocheilus NYST, Bull, de 1'Acad. Roy. de Sci. et
Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles, xii, pt. 2, p. 149, pi. 2, f. 3«, 36.— Pi i:.,
Monogr. ii, p. 141. — REEVE, Conch. Icon. pi. 28, f. 172. — B. melano-
chiliis Auct.

Differs from other species of the group in its open umbilicus, dark
peristome, etc. Fig. 62 is a copy of that of Nyst. Fig. 63 repre-
sents one of the specimens before me, showing the bands much more
distinctly. No exact localities for the species seem to be recorded.

S. SANGO.E Tschudi. PI. 24, figs. 64, 65.

Shell perforate, conic-turrited, the last whorl rapidly increasing,
convex. Upper whorls striolate, lower striated, the body- whorl sub-
cancellated and somewhat beaded. Reddish-brown with a reddish-
yellow band following the sutures, continuing on the body-whorl.
[There are two bands : one subsutural, the other at periphery ; the
latter being covered on whorls of spire].

Aperture acutely ovate, scarlet-reddish ; peristome simple, acute,
blackish, the columellar margin shorter, impressed, dilated.

Alt. 81, diam. 40 mill. ; whorls 6. (Tschudi).
Sungoa, Peru, in primoeval forest (Tschudi) ; Amable Maria (Jelski).

Bulimus sangoce TSCHUDI, in Troschel, Archiv fur Naturg. xviii,
1852, p. 189, pi. 6, f. 1.— PFR., Monogr. iii, p. 317. LUBOMJRSKI,
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 721.

46 STROPHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS.

Very nearly allied to S. melanocheilus, but in this species the
spiral series of beads seem much more strongly developed.

Groiip of S. taunaisii.

Imperforate ; the nepionic shell sculptured with fine vertical more
or less waved riblets or stripe.

S. FOVEOLATUS Reeve. PI. 24, figs. 71, 72, 73.

Shell hardly perforate, oblong-ovate, rather solid, somewhat shin-
ing, longitudinally striatulate or obsoletely plicatulate, transversely
sculptured with inconspicuous close impressed-punctate lines. Chest-
nut-brown, with a narrow whitish band below the suture; covered
with a very thin corneous epidermis, sometimes having transverse
irregular and flexuous whitish lines (fig. 73). Spire conoid, exserted,
the apex somewhat obtuse ; suture plicate, slightly crenulate, and
around the last whorl it is white. Whorls 6, slightly convex, the
earlier foveolate below7 the sutures, under a lens seen to be minutely
costulate-striate. Last whorl obliquely descending. Columella
suboblique.

Aperture ovate-acuminate, violaceous inside, somewhat pearly,
fourth-ninths TO one-half the shell's length ; peristome slightly re-
flexed, somewhat thickened, white; its ends joined by a very thin
callus; right margin regularly arcuate; columellar margin dilated
and reflexed above, nearly closing the perforation.

Alt. 68, diam. 33 mill. (Hidalgo}.

Peru; Vitoe, near Sarma [Tarma?], (Eve.), Amable Maria
(Jelski), and Chanchamayo (Isern) ; Chili (Philippi).

Bulimus foveolat us REEVE, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 97; Conchol. Icon,
pi. 73, f. 526 (July, 1849).— HIDALGO, Mol. Viaje al Pacif. p. 56,
pi. 6, f.4, 5.— PFR., Monogr. iii, p. 305 ; iv, p. 368 ; vi, 12 ; viii, p.
16. — Bulimus mahogani PFR., Symb. i, p. 42; Monogr. ii, p. 24;
Conchyl. Cab. p. 40, pi. 13, f. 1, 2. Not B. mahogani&ovrla., Conch.
Illustr. f. 59. — B. impressus TSCHUDI ms., teste Troschel, Archiv f.
Naturg. 1852, i, p. 188.

A shorter, more compact species than melanocheilus or taunaisii.
S. MAGNIFICUS Grateloup. PI. 25, figs. 74, 75.

Shell imperforate, lengthened oblong, solid, glossy. Dark olive-
brown, with darker oblique streaks, yellow-bordered sutures, and a
narrow peripheral light girdle, sometimes hardly visible ; the spire

HTROPHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS. 47

dull reddish-brown above. Surface shining, smooth on the body-
whorl except for slight growth-wrinkles and some traces of oblique
short sulci, often imperceptible ; the spire very indistinctly decus-
sated ; nepiouic shell granulated by the breaking up of vermiculate
fine rib-strise, sometimes appearing somewhat thimble-pitted. Spire
convex-conic, the apex obtuse, entire or nearly so. Whorls nearly
7, slightly convex, the last obliquely descending a little.

Aperture narrow, ovate-acuminate, dark, with a pearly luster
within ; peristome white, thin, obtuse, not expanded nor perceptibly
thickened within. Columella white, having an oblique, twisted
enteriilg fold above. Parietal callus pearly-translucent.

Alt. 78, diam. 34 ; alt. of aperture 35 mill. Sometimes stouter.

Brazil; Peru (?)

Bulimus magnificus GRAT., Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xi, 1839,
p. 165, 419, pi. 4, f. 1.— DESK, in Fer., Hist, ii, p. 31, pi. 142A, f.
15, 16.— PFR., Mouogr. ii, p. 165 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 219, pi. 61, f.
1, 2. — Bulimus taunaysii REEVE, Conch. Icon. pi. 33, f. 202.

Typical examples are darker and more glossy than S. taunaisii,
smoother, often with no sutural margination, whatever; the lip
thinner, and interior of the aperture very dark. There are, how-
ever, some more or less intermediate forms. It is likely that the
undescribed Bulimus monozonalis Desh. is a small specimen or
variety of this species.

A stouter form occurs, lighter in color and with proportionately
larger aperture. Alt. 62*, diam. 32 ; alt. of aperture 30 mill. This
is near taunaisii in color, but still the suture is not margined and the
sculpture of nepionic shell and body-whorl is as described above for
mar/nificus.

Yar. MONOZONALIS Deshayes. PI. 25, figs. 76, 77.

This form was figured on pi. 144, figs. 2, 3 of Ferussac's Histoire,
and given the above name in the explanation of plates of that work,
by Deshayes. It may not improbably be the undescribed Helix
pullata of the Prodromus, p. 48. The figures represent a shell much
like typical S. magnificus in color, etc., but smaller.

Alt. 5H, diam. 24 mill.

S. TATUTOR Jousseaume. PI. 30, fig. 24.

Shell subperforate, ovate-oblong, striated, brownish-tawny ; whorls
6£ or 7, slightly convex, the last with an ill-defined whitish band in

48 STROniOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS.

the middle, invisible when the cuticle is intact, longer than the
spire; suture whitish margined, crenate. Aperture oval, whitish,
shining inside; columella white, somewhat twisted; outer lip thick-
ened, subreflexed, black-edged ; parietal callus black. Alt. 100,
diam. 50 ; aperture, alt. 55, width 30 mill. (Jouss.).

New Granada.

Tatutor tatutor Jouss., Le Naturalists, IX, p. 6, f. 1 (March,

1887).

Larger than S. melanocheilus, with larger, more spreading aper-
ture, stronger striation, thicker epidermis and lacking the brown
band between two light ones of that species. It is probably most
nearly allied to /S'. taunaisii, but seems proportionally wider. M.
Jousseaume displays his accustomed ingenuity in the generic and
specific combination he has chosen.

S. TAUNAISII Ferussac. PI. 25, figs. 78, 79.

Shell imperforate, lengthened-ovate, solid. Yellowish-chestnut,
with few or many Irregularly placed dark chestnut oblique streaks;
the spire dull reddish-brown; sutures more or less distinctly light-
margined throughout. Surface with irregular wrinkles of growth
and numerous unequally but wide spaced spiral incised lines, cutting
the growth-wrinkles, and often becoming more or less obsolete on the
body-whorl, absent below ; spire indistinctly decussated ; nepionic
whorls sculptured with fine, close and regular slightly waved rib-
strife, but usually in large part eroded or worn in adults. Spire
conic, the apex obtuse, generally truncated and plugged. Whorls
almost 7, nearly flat, the suture linear, but around last whorl it be-
comes more impressed, and has a distinct crenulated margin defined
by a groove.

Aperture less than half the shell's length, small, narrowly ovate,
ivhite inside; peristome white, thickened within, blunt, not expanded ;
columella white, with a twisted, convex entering fold, broadly reflexed
in a cloxely appressed callus over the umbilical region ; parietal callus
white or transparent.

Alt. 84, diam. 36, alt. of aperture 37 mill.

Brazil; C'orcobado, Rio Janeiro and Macahc. (Paz and Martinez) ;
Tijuca (A. D. Brown).

Helix (Cochlostyla) taunaisii FER., Prodrom. p. 48 ; Hist.pl. 113,
f. 4-6. — RANG, Ann. Sc. Nat. xxiv, p. 18. — Jltilimus taunaisii GR\\,
Ann. of Philos. (n. ser.) ix, p. 414. — BECK, Index, p. 52. — DESH. in

STROPHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS. 49

Fer., Hist, ii, p. 32. — PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 141 ; Conchy!. Cab. p.
220, pi. 61, f. 3, 4. — HIDALGO, ViajealPacificop. 66. — B. taiinaysii
ORB., Voy. dans I'Amer. Merid. p. 294.— ? ? Helix ( Cochlostyla)
pullata FER., Tab!. Syst., p. 48 (no description).

This species is very closely allied to S. magnificus but it is lighter
colored, more roughly sculptured, the sutural margination is con-
stant, and the peripheral light girdle, distinct in the young, is gener-
ally not visible in adult shells. Still, I doubt whether they can
ultimately be held distinct species.

S. ASC'ENDENS Pfeiffer. PI. 25, fig. 80.

Shell iraperforate, ovate-oblong, solid ; irregularly striated and
obsoletely decussated with spiral impressed lines ; but little shining ;
tawny, with a few chestnut streaks. Spire lengthened, convex, the
apex obtuse ; suture simple. Whorls 7 to 8, the earlier flat, follow-
ing a little convex, the last three-sevenths the shell's length, rounded,
somewhat ascending in front. Columella white, subvertical, lightly
folded above. Aperture vertical, narrow, subelliptical. whitish in-
side ; peristome slightly thickened, straight. Alt. 95, diam. 34 ;
aperture, alt. 41, width in the middle inside 18 mill. (P/V.).

Brazil (Cuming Coll.).

Bulimus ascendens PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 136 ; Monogr. iii, 378 ;
Conchyl. Cab., p. 247, pi. 66, f. 7.

I have not seen this species, which seems to differ from S. taunaisii
mainly in its more lengthened form and the different form of the
columella. Like S. taunaisii, it seems to lose the apical whorls.

S. PLUMBEUS Pfeiffer. Unfigured.

Shell imperforate, oblong, solid, malleated with oblique impres-
sions, streaked and kflammulate with reddish under an olivaceous
cuticle. Spire convex-conic, apex blackish, rather obtuse ; suture
subcrenulated. Whorls 6, scarcely convex, the last a little shorter
than the spire, somewhat ascending in front, the base attenuated ;
columella lightly folded, bluish-white. Aperture scarcely oblique,
semioval, livid-black inside, with a pearly luster. Peristome black-
ish-leaden, thickened and narrowly reflexed. Alt. 93, diam. 3(i
mill. ; aperture, inside, 43 mill, long, 16 wide (P/r.).

Venezuela (Mus. Cuming) ; Lower course of the Magdalena ll'/<-> r
(Wallis).
4

50 STROPHOCHEILUS-TIIAUMASTUS.

B. plumbevs PFR., P. Z. S., 1855, p. 11 4 ; Monogr. iv, p. 369 ; vi,
p. 13 —Mouss., Malak. Bl., xvi, 1869, p. 173.

S. HECTOR Pfeiffer. Un figured.

Shell subiraperforate, elongate-ovate, rather solid, tawny-white
under a deciduous cuticle ; spire conic, the apex rounded ; whorls 6,
slightly convex, the earlier closely hair-striate, the last scarcely ex-
ceeding the spire in length, plicate-striate and obsoletely decussated.
Columella slightly arcuate, not folded. Aperture subvertical,
acuminate-oval, white inside, shining ; peristome white, margins
joined by a white callus, the right margin somewhat thickened, very
narrowly expanded; columellar margin dilated above, adnate.
Length 71, diam. 35 mill.; aperture, length 36, width 19* mill.

Brazil (Miers, in Cuming Coll.).

Bulimus hector PFR, Malak. Bl., iv, 1857, p. 15 f ; Monogr., iv,
p. 367 ; vi, p. 11

Has been considered a Borusof the B. oblong us group, on account
of the color and the sculpture of earlier whorls, but is evidently
much slenderer than any of that group.

S. LARGILLIERTI Philippi. PI. 26, figs. 89, 90.

Shell elongate-oblong, the apex obtuse, rather thin, tawny, painted
with irregular chestnut streaks. Whorls 62, a little convex, under
a lens seen to be obsoletely transversely striated ; the last whorl
two-fifths the total length ; suture hardly marginated, slightly cren-
ulated. Aperture oblong-ovate ; columella white, somewhat twisted ;
lip white, simple. Alt. 53 diam. 21 mill. (Phil.').

Santa Catarina, Brazil (Largilliert).

Bulimus largillierti PHIL., Abbild. ii, p. 11, pi. 3, f. 6, (1847).—
DESH. in Fer., Hist. p. 33, pi. 144, f. 5, 6.— PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 166.
B. consimilis REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 53, f. 346 (Nov., 1848).

The present Bulimus shows great agreement in structure with B.
taunaisii of which I have a variety with exactly the same coloring ;
but it is far smaller, conspicuously thinner-shelled, the last whorl
narrower, the contour more cylindrical, less conical, the white fold
of the columella less projecting, and the sutures of the last whorl
are not margined — differences justifying the separation from B.
taunaisii

STROPHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS. 51

I have given Philippi's words above, and on pi. 26, f. 90, a copy of
his figure. Reeve's B. consimilis (pi. 26, fig. 89) is absolutely syno-
nymous. See under next species for comparisons.

S. ACHILLES Pfeiffer. PL 26, figs. 84-88.

Shell im perforate, ovate-elongated, rather solid ; tawny brownish,
more or less profusely obliquely streaked ivith dark brown and white
(the streaks spreading at suture), under a thin yellow cuticle, and
showing a more or less distinct light girdle at the periphery.. Surface
inconspicuously wrinkle-striate, decussated by incised spiral lines,
rather- obsolete on last whorl ; the nepionic shell densely and finely
rib-striate, the strise rather wavy. Spire produced, conic, the apex
very obtuse, entire. AVhorls 6*, first planorboid, several following
hardly convex, the latter two whorls gently convex with more im-
pressed suture, which is slightly marginated or not, and generally
ascends somewhat in front.

Aperture small, narrowly ovate, fleshy inside; peristome white,
simple, obtuse, slightly thickened inside ; columella deeply indented,
having a slightly convex, entering fold above.

Alt. 57, diam. 25? ; alt. of aperture 26 mill.

"Banks of the Amazon " (Mus. Cuming) ; Piracicaba, on an upper
affluent of the Tiete, tributary of the Parana River, Prov. S. Paulo,
Brazil (Nehring).

Bullmus achilles PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 137 ; Conchyl. Cat., p.
247, pi. 66, f. 9 ; Monogr., iii, 378.— MARTENS, Couchol. Mittheil.,
iii, Dec., 1889, p. 11, pi. 40, f. 8. — B. achilles var. Nehringi MAR-
TENS, t. c., p. 12, pi. 40, f. 9, 10.

I am disposed to consider this merely a stouter form of S. larailll-
erti Phil. ; but having no typical examples of that species before
me, it may be best, until the identity is proven, to let achilles stand
as a species. The locality given, " Banks of the Amazon," rests
upon the insecure basis of a Cumingian label.

Var. nehringi Martens. PI. 26, figs. 87, 88.

Ground-color lighter ; peripheral light band distinct. This form
has probably no varietal status. It is from Piracicaba, Prov. S.
Paulo. It will be noted that S. largillierti, which is very nearly
allied, if not identical, is from the adjacent province, Sta. Catarina.

S. achilles is at all times a smoother shell than S. porphyrius, has
a different pattern of sculpture on the apical whorls, and is not um-
bilicate, although occasional specimens show a very slight chink.

52 STROPHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS.

S. HARTWEGI Pfeiffer. PI. 26, figs. 81, 82, 83.

Shell imperforate, lengtheiied-ovate, solid ; fleshy-brown, with
darker and whitish streaks and dots. Surface with slight wrinkle-
stria; of growth, slightly puckered at sutures, the nepionic shell
corneous, with fine, close, waved rib-strise. Spire elongated, conical,
the apex very obtuse. Whorls 6£, slightly convex, the last whorl
slightly ascending. Aperture small, bluish-fleshy inside ; peristome
not expanded, hardly thickened, obtuse, fleshy or brownish ; colura-
ella vertically entering, slightly truncate at base. Alt. 53, diam. 27 ;
alt. of aperture 23 mill.

Cuenca, Ecuador (Paz); Catamayo Valley, Prov. Loxa (Wolf).

B. hartwegi PFR. in Phil., Abbild, ii, p. Ill, pi. 4, f. 1 (1846) •
Monogr., ii, p. 140.— REEVE, C. Icon., pi. 29, f. 176.— HIDALGO,
Mol. Viage al Pacif., p. 64, pi. 4, f. 4, 5.— Zebra loxensis MILL.,
Mai. Bl. (u. F.) i, p. 119, pi. 12, f. 2.

Distinguished from S. thompsoni by the finely wrinkled, not pitted,
apical whorls, shorter aperture and straight or convex columella.
According to Hidalgo the specimens figured by Philippi and Reeve
(which agree with those before me) are not fully mature ; the adult
having no notch or truncation at foot of columella. I have copied
on pi. 26, fies. 81, 83, his illustrations of the adult condition. S.
hartwegi differs from S. achilles in lacking spiral impressed lines.

S. LOXOSTOMUS Pfeiffer. Unfigured.

Shell imperforate, oblong, solid ; irregularly striated and closely
malleated. Tawny, undulately streaked and maculated with reddish,
under a greenish-chestnut epidermis. Spire convex-conic, rather
obtuse; suture submarginated. Whorls 5-1, slightly convex, the
last a little shorter than the spire.

Columella arcuate, somewhat folded above, pale orange colored.
Aperture oblique, oval ; peristome unexpanded, thickened. Alt.
71, diam. 34 ; aperture alt. inside 35, width in the middle, 17 mill.

Andes of Colombia (Cuming Coll.).

Bulimus loxostomus PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 59; Monogr. iii, p.
379; vii, 123.

S. SALTERI Sowerby. PI. 30, fig. 22.

Shell imperforate, ovate-oblong, rather solid, longitudinally irreg-
ularly striate, roughly malleated ; tawny, here and there with sparse
black-brown rays and irregularly bestrewn brown spots. Spire

STROPHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS. 53

lengthened, the apex obtuse; suture irregularly subcrenulate.
Whorls 6, slightly convex, the upper minutely granulose, the last
whorl longer than spire, oblong, slightly inflated.

Aperture ovate-oblong, pale purplish inside, broadly edged with
brown-purple ; peristome slightly thickened, hardly reflexed ; colum-
ella rather straight. Alt. 70, diara. 35 mill. (Soivb.').

Catamarca, Andes of Peru (S. J. DaCosta coll.).

Bulimm salteri SOWB., P. Z. S., 1889, p. 578, pi. 56, f. 4.

Var. Hardly malleated ; sparingly radiated with brown but not
spotted ; striae conspicuous rugose. Alt. 86, diam. 44 mill. (*SW6.).

The typical shell has a peculiarly malleated surface, and the in-
dentations are rendered conspicuous by the brown markings. The
variety, wanting these characters, presents so different an appearance
that it might be taken for a distinct species. There is however, but
little difference in form, the coloring of the mouth is the same, the
brown rays are also similar in color and disposition. The longitu-
dinal strue are closer and more regular, taking the place of the
irregular indentations characteristic of the typical form (Sowb.').

Compare S. loxostornus Pfr.

Group of S. thompsoni.

Imperforate; the nepionic shell minutely pitted, thimble-like.
S. THOMPSONI Pfeiffer. PI. 27, figs. 91, 92, 93.

Shell imperforate, lengthened-ovate, solid. Yellowish chestnut
or olive-brown, with irregularly spaced, unequal narrow blackish-
brown streaks, always rather regularly striped with brown on the
upper whorls. Surface shining, smooth, with wrinkles of growth ;
the nepionic shell beautifully thimble-pitted, last nepionic whorl
striped. Spire long, apex very obtuse. Whorls 6, gently convex,
separated by non-crenulated sutures, margined by a white line.

Aperture elliptic-acuminate, white or bluish inside ; peristome
brown, not expanded nor thickened, blunt. Columella concave or
nearly straight, brown or white.

Alt. 56, diam. 28 ; aperture, alt. 28 mill, (specimen).

Alt. 70, diam. 33 mill. (Hidalgo').

Alt. 41, diam. 21 ; aperture, alt. 21 mill. (Pfr.).

Nanegal (Stubel), Quito and Cuenca, Ecuador.

B. thompsonii PFR., P. Z. S., 1845, p. 74.—B.thompscni PFR.,
Monogr., ii, p. 141.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 24, f. 158.— HIDAL-

54 STROPHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS.

GO, Viaje al Pacif., p. 63, pi. 6, f. 2, 3.— MARTENS, Conch. Mittheil
ii, p. 157.— COUSIN, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1887, p. 211, 212 (varr.
olivacea, nigricans, lutea, zebra.,

When immature, this species has a subtruncate columella, like S.
hartwegi. It is well distinguished by the pitted embryo and the
coloration.

S. YANAMENSIS Morelet. PL 27, fig. 97.

Shell imperforate, oblong, solid, rugulose, in part granulated,
shining. Greenish-tawny, irregularly streaked with darker. Spire
short-conic, the apex obtuse, a little concave. Suture very narrowly
white-edged, irregularly crenulated on last whorl. Whorls 4it
slightly convex, the earlier denuded of cuticle, impressed-granulate
under a lens, roseate ; penultimate whorl dot-banded ; last whorl
larger than spire.

Aperture ample, semi-oval, white inside ; peristome somewhat
thickened, the right margin nearly straight ; columella calloused,
short, joining the basal margin at an angle. Alt. 58, diam. 25 ;
aperture, alt. 31, width 16 mill. (Morel.).

Yanama, Peru (Angrand)'.

Bui. yanamensis MOREL., Ser., Conch., iii, p. 171, pi. 8, f. 3.-
PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 87.

More ventricose than S. thompsoni and hartivegi, with fewer
whorls and larger aperture.

S. VIRIATUS Morelet. PI. 27, fig. 99.

Shell imperforate, ovate-conic, solid, longitudinally wrinkled'
Ashey-violaceous, marked with a few wide livid streaks. Spire
rather long, the apex obtuse, reddish. AVhorls 4J, convex, the ear-
lier smooth ; last whorl slightly longer than the spire.

Columella thread-like, rather straight. Aperture' oblong-oval,
concolored within ; peristome simple, unexpauded, the right mar-
gin with a wide livid border inside and out ; columellar margin
somewhat thickened, narrowly reflexed, appressed.

Alt. 57, diam. 28 mill. (Morel.}.

Niguapata, in the hot, dry land prevalent in the Santa Anna Val-
ley, Peru (Angrand).

Jliilimus viriatus MOREL., Ser. Conch, iii, p. 170, pi. 7, f. 4.—
PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 105.

Described from two specimens wanting the epidermis. Although
the early whorls appear smooth, the lens shows them to be engraved

8TROPHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS. 55

with fine subreticulate impressions. The following whorls are
grooved by wrinkle-strire, which naturally become coarser with the
shell's growth. The species is apparently nearest S. thompsoni, but
it is less lengthened, and not so variegated above.

S. REQUIENI Pfeiffer. PI. 27, fig. 94.

Shell imperforate, oblong-ovate, rather thin ; closely striated
lengthwise, little shining ; olive-brown, somewhat spotted with
rufous at the submargined suture. Spire conic, apex obtuse, sub-
immersed. Whorls 5, slightly convex, rapidly increasing, the last
a little shorter than the spire, obsoletely striated. Columella cal-
loused, lightly arcuate, obsoletely truncated at base of the aperture,
which is oval and a little oblique ; peristonie simple, unexpanded,
brown-margined within. Alt. 62, diam. 26 ; aperture, alt. 32,
width in the middle 17 mill. (Pfr.~).

Brazil (Cuming Coll.).

Bulimus requieni PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 137 ; Conchyl. Cab., p.
248, pi. 66, f. 8 ; Monogr., iii, p. 389.

Seems to belong to the group of S. thompsoni, but the apical
sculpture is unknown.

Group of S. inca.

Perforate or umbilicate, elongated ; nepionic shell with fine lon-
gitudinal wrinkles, sometimes irregular.

S. SPIXII Wagner. PI. 28, fig. 1.

Shell oblong-ovate, solid, longitudinally striate, subim perforate,
covered with a thin cuticle. Whorls 7 to 8, inflated-convex, sepa-
rated by deep sutures. Spire inflated-conic, with obtuse apex, the
length of the last whorl. Aperture ovate, smooth ; peristome thick-
ened, the left margin forming an oblique fold at columella ; umbili-
cal chink none or very narrow. Color of shell white, with brown-
ish epidermis, the aperture white.

Alt. 2 inches, 1 line ; diam. H lines. (Wagn.').

Brazil, exact locality unknown (Spix).

Bulimus spixii WAGNER, Test. Bras. p. 11, pi. 10, f. 3. — Columna
bulimea SPIX, 1. c., pi. 10, f. 3 (1827).

? Bulimus hyalinu* WAGNER, t. c.t p. 6. — />'. fr<ii/il!.< Spix, t. c.,
pi. 6, f. 3 (young shell).

? Bulimus *]>ixi PFR., Novit. Conch., i, p. 56, pi. 16, f. 5, 6.

? Bulinus sordidus KING, Zool. Journ. v, p. 341 (1831).

56 STROPHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS.

This form, which seems nearly allied to S. tceniolus, S. brephoides,
and especially S. inca, has not been satisfactorily identified, and I
have, therefore, repeated the Spix-AVaguer description and figure.

Pfeiffer has figured a form (pi. 28, figs. 2, and 3) under this name
which he describes as follows :

" Shell imperforate, oblong, solid, striatulate, brownish, irregu-
larly streaked with rufous, and with one whitish band. Spire
lengthened, convex-turrited, the apex obtuse ; suture impressed,
subirregular. AVhorls 7, but slightly convex, the last one about f
the length, slightly narrowed at base. Columella white, obliquely
receding, subplicate, calloused at base. Aperture oblique, acumin-
ate, semi-oval, somewhat pearly inside ; peristome straight, some-
what thickened, the right margin lightly arcuate, basal regularly
arcuate. Alt. 58, diam. 20a-, aperture, alt. 24, width 1H mill.
Brazil."

AVhether this is identical with the shell collected by Spix is some-
what doubtful. It should be compared with S. inca Orb. The
original description of Bulinus sordidus here follows:

" T. pyramidali, transversim striata, fusca ; anfr. basali ad sutu-
ram subalbido; linea subcentrica pallida ; labii vix reflexi margine
albo. Long. Hf, lat. I poll. Habitat ad Brasiliam (Rio de Jan-
eiro)."

No other information has been published.

8. INCA Orbigny. PI. 28, figs. 10, 11.

Shell lengthened, very obviously perforated, thick ; uniform
blackish-brown, paler toward the apex ; nearly smooth, with some
growth-lines ; spire much elongated, a little swollen, conic above
and rather obtuse ; whorls 8-9, quite convex, separated by a deep,
nearly smooth or irregular suture. Aperture oval, peristome white,
much thickened within ; columella thick, straight.

Alt. 77, diam. 31 mill. (Orb.}.

Near Carcuata, Prov. of Yungas; and ravine of Tutulima north of
CocJiabamba, northeast of the eastern Cordillera of Bolivia (Orb.).

Helix inca D'ORB., Mag. de Zool., 1835, p. 16. — Bulimus inca
D'ORB., AToy. dans 1'Amer. Merid., p. 292, pi. 38, f. 6, 7.— PFR.,
Monogr., ii, p. 142 ; iii, p. 324. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 53, f.
34G. — Bulinus inca SOWN., Conch. Illustr., f. 67.

Allied to S. spixii Wagn.

STROPHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS. 57

S. TVENIOLUS Nyst. PI. 28, figs. 8, 9.

Shell ovate-elongate, perforate, thin, the apex obtuse ; most finely
granulose ; tawny-brown. Whorls 7, somewhat convex, separated
by a crispate suture margined with a white band ; the last whorl
ventricose. Aperture ovate, livid within ; outer lip white and
acute ; columella white, oblique, connected with lip by a thin pari-
etal callus. Alt. 45, diam. 20 mill. (Ny*f).

South America (Nyst).

Bulimus tceniolus, NYST, Bull. Acad. Roy. Brux., xii, 1845, pt. 2,
p. 151; pi. 2, f. 4a, 6.— REEVE, Couch. Icon., pi. 49, f. 326.— PFR.,
Monogr., ii, p. 200.

Compare S. brepholdes Orb. ; S. spixii Reeve; S. spi.cii Wagner,
etc.

S. BREPHOIDES Orbigny. PL 28, figs. 4, 5, 6, 7.

Shell subperforate, ovate-oblong, solid, striated and subtly granu-
late-decussated, deep brown, sometimes with a pale peripheral band.
Spire convex-conic, obtuse ; suture closely crenulated and margined
by a wide pale band. Whorls 5-1, but slightly convex, the last
somewhat shorter than the spire. Columella somewhat receding ;
aperture vertical, semi-oval ; peristome straight, thickened ; colu-
mellar margin dilated, reflexed, subappressed.

Alt. 55, diam. 24 ; aperture, alt. 26, width 13 mill. (Pfr.\

Peruvian Andes (Matthews) ; Prov. Huancajo, Peru (Raimondi).

Helix brepholdes D'ORB., Mag. de ZooL, 1835, p. 17.— Bui. bre-
phoides D'ORB., Voy. dans 1'Amer. Merid., p. 294, pi. 38, f. 8, 9.-
PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 143 ; Novit. Conch., iii, p. 491, pi. 106, f. 3, 4.

A form with conspicuous bauds collected by Raimondi, has been
figured by Pfeiffer (figs. 6, 7).

S. ISERNI Philippi. PL 29, figs. 12, 13, 14.

Shell perforate, oblong-turrited, rather solid, shining, longitudi-
nally striatulate ; blackish- chestnut, uith a wide whitish band below
suture and another of double that width on the base, under a very
thin green or pale olive cuticle. Spire long-conic, the apex blackish-
purple and obtuse ; suture minutely plicate. AVhorls 6 to 7, nearly
flat, the last obliquely descending.

Columella somewhat folded, slightly arcuate, of a livid tint.
Aperture oval, rather acuminate above, the inside showing the ex-
ternal coloring, bluish tinted, about two-fifths the total length ;

58 STROPHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS.

peristome unexpanded, slightly thickened, brown-edged ; parietal
callus very thin ; right margin a little arcuate, columellar margin
rather reflexed, half closing the perforation.

Alt. 50, diam. 20 mill. (Hidalgo*).

La Oroya and Chanchamayo (Isern) ; Huancaya (Raimoudi,
large form).

£nlimus iserni PHILIPPI, Malak. Bl., xiv, 1867, p. 75. — PFR.,
Novit. Conch., p. 338, pi. 80, f. 16-18 ; Monographia, vi, p. 121.-
HIDALGO, Viaje al Pacih'co, Mol., p. 67, pi. 6, f. 6, 7.

Smoother and more shining than S. bifasciatus with wider light
bands. A form from Huancaya is larger, alt. 56, diam. 28 mill.,
the bands ferrugineous-yellow (fig. 13).

S. JELSKII Lubomirski. PI. 27, figs. 95, 96.

Shell subperforate, elongate-ovate, the apex obtuse, striated, trans-
lucent, deep tawny with four brown bauds, the upper and lower
wide, median and sutural very narrow ; suture irregularly crenulate
plicate. AVhorls 6, slightly convex, the last about equalling the
spire ; columella slightly folded, somewhat twisted.

Aperture oval, oblong, whitish inside ; peristome simple, the ends
joined by a very thin callus ; right margin unexpanded, columellar
margin dilated, with a chink behind it, livid. Alt. 35, diam. 15,
aperture, alt. 17, width 8 mill. (Lub.).

Amable Maria, near Tarma, Peru (Jelski).

Bulimm (Orphnus) jelskii LUB., P. Z. S., 1879, p. 722, pi. 56, f.
1,2.

Prince Lubomirski's description of the coloration does not agree
very well with his figures, which are copied on our plate. One
specimen only was collected.

S. BIIVENIATUS Nyst. PI. 29, figs. 15, 16.

Shell perforate, oblong or ovate-turrited, rather solid, a little
shining, sculptured with very close, somewhat undulating longitudi-
nal stria?. Under a very thin pale olive cuticle, it is chestnut col-
ored, with a rather narrow whitish band at the suture and another
below the middle of the body whorl, margined below with blackish-
chestnut. Spire long-conoid, the apex obtuse, subexcavate.d ;
suture a little wrinkled. Whorls 7, rather flat, the earlier 2 seen
under a lens to have strong, somewhat spaced keels and folds above ;
last whorl a little convex, obliquely descending.

8TROFHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS. 59

Coluruella subplicate, little arcuate, somewhat purple. Aperture
oval, bluish-livid within, two-fifths the shell's length ; peristome
straight, slightly expanded, livid-reddish, the ends joined by a thin
callus ; right margin regularly arcuate, columellar margin reflexed,
half closing the perforation. Alt. 58, diam. 23 mill. (Hidalyd).

Chanchamayo (Isern) ; Forests eastward from Huancavelica,
toward the Apurimac River (Tharurn).

B. bivittatus PHIL., Archiv fiir Naturg. 1845, p. 62 (not bivittatus
Sowb.). — B. bifasdatus PHIL. Abbild. u. Beschreib. ii, p. 10, pi. 3, f.
5 (1847).— MARTENS, Malak. Bl. xiv,1867,p. 141.— PrR.,Monogr.
ii, p. 199; iv, p. 487. — HIDALGO, Viaje al Pacifico, Mol. p. 68. — B.
fusiformis TSCHUDI ms. in Archiv fiir Naturg. 1852, p. 192. — B.
bitieniatus NYST, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Brux. xii, pt. 2, p. 153
(1845).— ? 5. spixii REEVE, Conch. Icon. pi. 30, f. 182, not of
AVagner. — B. bifasdatus var. unicolor PHIL., Malak. Bl. xvi, 1869,
p. 36.

Reeve's B. spixii, cited here by Pfeiffer, is a very doubtful
synonym. If the original of his figure is normal, it indicates a new
species. From present information, it appears that Nyst was the
first to change the preoccupied name originally proposed by
Philippi. The strong, spaced folds of the earlier whorls are char-
acteristic.

Var. unicolor Phil. Form normal, but without trace of the
bands.

Hacienda of Huqribamba, east of Huancayo, Peru.

S. ALUTACEUS Reeve. PL 23, fig. 61.

Shell umbilicated, ovate-conic, solid, longitudinally plicate-striate,
subgranulated by spiral impressed lines. Blackish-chestnut, with
one white band ; spire conic, obtuse ; suture impressed, irregularly
crenated. Whorls 62, scarcely convex, the last shorter than spire,
base rounded.

Aperture subvertical, angu late-oval ; peristome somewhat thick-
ened, the right margin slightly expanded, columellar margin much
dilated above, vaultingly reflexed. Alt. 35, diam. 13 ; aperture alt.
16, width 8 mill. (Pfr.).

Cuzco, Peru (Lobb).

Bui. alutaceus REEVE, P. Z. S. 1849, p. 99 ; Conch. Icon. 72, f.
522.— PFR., Monogr. iii, p. 324.

60 STROPHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS.

The entire surface of this shell is sculptured longitudinally with
very closely packed crinkled strise. (Rve.~).

S. TARMENSIS Philippi. PI. 24, figs. 66, 67, 68, 69, 70.

Shell perforate, oblong-turrited, solid, very densely striatulate,
rufous-chestnut, sometimes with an obsolete band on the last whorl ;
whorls 6, slightly convex, the last three-sevenths the alt.; apex
obtuse, suture profound, subcrenulated.

Aperture pear-shaped-ovate; columella subplicate, oblique ; per-
istoine unexpanded, slightly thickened, the colurnellar margin
dilated above, half closing the perforation ; callus joining the lip-
ends distinct. Alt. 28, diam nearly 13; aperture, alt. 13, width in-
side nearly 7 mill. (PAtV.).

Oroya, not far from Tarma, Peru (Raimondi) ; Chanchamayo
(Isern).

Bulimus tarmensis PHIL., Malak. BI. xiv, p. 70, 1867. — PFR.,
Novit. Conch, p. 343, pi. 81, f. 9, 10; Monogr. vi, 87.— HIDALGO,
Viaje al Pacif., Mol., p. 114, pi. 4, f. 8, 9. — Bulimus alutaceus
var. MORELET, Ser. Conch, iii, p. 181, pi. 7, f. 5.

Figures 68, 69 are typical ; fig. 70 is the form collected by the
Spanish expedition, and seems stumpier. Hidalgo says " very
densely striatulate and sometimes with inconspicuous, spaced, most
finely granulose spiral lines." The form figured by Morelet (figs. 66,
67) as a variety of B. alutaceus Rve. has been referred to tarmensis
by Hidalgo, I believe correctly. It is smaller than alutaceus, alt.
24, diam. 11 mill., with 5-j whorls; dark red, or chestnut brown
more or less intense, sometimes with one or several bands, spiral
strise absent.

S. PORPHYREUS Pfeiffer. PI. 29, figs. 18, 19, 20, 21.

Shell perforate or umbilicate, oblong-attenuated, solid. Dark
brown, with many narrow, irregular ivhitish streaks, often showing
obscurely a dark peripheral girdle edged with lighter on both sides.
Surface very rudely and irregularly wrinkled, the nepionic whorls
showing coarse separated irregular wrinkles more or less broken and
branching. Spire exserted, conic, the apex very obtuse. Whorls
7, but slightly convex.

Aperture small, ovate, brown and whitish inside; peristome
white, slightly thickened, the basal lip a little expanded ; columella

STROPHOCHEILUS-THAUMASTUS. 61

well reflexed, openly vaulted over umbilicus, widened above, not in.
the least folded; parietal callus slight.

Alt. 61, diani. 27 ; alt. of aperture 29 mill.

Alt. 56, diani. 25 mill.

Andahuaylas in rock-crevices (Angrand) and Lima (Bland),
Peru ; (Bolivia .?).

Bulimus porphyrius PFR., P. Z. S. 1846, p. 114. — REEVE, Conch.
Icon. pi. 15, f. 89a, b. — HUPE in Castelnau's Exped. Moll. p. 31, pi.
5, f. 2. — B. porphyreus PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 199 ; iii, p. 425, etc.—
MORELET, Ser. Conch, iii, p. 173. — HIDALGO, Viaje al Pacif., Mol.
p. 65.— MARTENS, Conchol. Mittheil. iii, p. 11, pi. 40, f. 11, 12.

The rudely wrinkled surface, open umbilical perforation and
peculiar sculpture of early whorls are characteristic. The structure
of the columella is quite different from that of S. achilles, to which
this species is not much allied.

5. JASPIDEUS Morelet. PI. 29, fig. 17.

Shell narrowly umbilicated, oblong-oval, moderately solid,
wrinkle-striated, irregularly granulate and marked with a few con-
centric lines. Longitudinally streaked and variegated with whitish
and corneous. Spire convex-conic the apex rather acute. Whorls

6, slightly convex, plicate-crenulate at the sutures, the last whorl
shorter than the spire.

Aperture vertical, ovate ; peristome somewhat thickened, unex-
panded, the right margin regularly arcuate; columellar margin
dilated, spreading. Alt. 37-47, diam. 18-21 mill. (Morel}.

Valley of Yucai; around Huancabelica, on garden walls (An-
grand).

Bui. jaspideus MOREL., Ser. Conch, iii, p. 180, pi. 7, f. 7. — PFR.
Monogr. vi, p. 142.

62 PLEKOCHEILUS.

Family BULIMULID^E.

=Bulimulid(B+ Orthalicidce of authors.

Shell varying from well developed, oblong, ovate, conic or cylin-
drical, and capable of containing the retracted soft parts, to Succinea-
like, or depressed, few whorled, and incapable of containing the soft

parts.

External characters of animal as in Helicidce. Genitalia rather
simple, the penis with or without a flagellum or an accessory gland
or " appendix." Jaw composed of vertical or oblique imbricating
plates, sometimes forming a triangular median piece composed of
one or several plates, or sometimes by thickening of the plates hav-
ing an odontognathous appearance. Radula fundamentally as in
Helicidce, but variously modified.

Habits arboreal or terrestrial. Genera about fifteen, inhabiting
tropical and subtropical America, and in the Old World extending
from Tasmania and Australia to China, and eastward in Polynesia
to the Society Islands.

An extensive family, comprising the dominant groups of South
American land snails, and abundantly represented in the Orient by
Place-stylus, Partula, Amphidromus, etc. As only a portion of the
genera will be discussed in this volume, the consideration of the
geographic and geological distribution and the anatomy, as well. as
synoptical keys to the genera and subgenera, will be reserved for the
Introduction to a later volume.

The several genera will now be monographed, beginning with
those South American groups having greatest similarity in shell
characters to the Bulimoid Helicidce. This proximity must be
clearly understood to be a grouping of convenience only, indicative
of no natural affinity.

* * *

Genus PLEKOCHEILUS Guilding, 1828.

Plekocheilus GUILDING, Zoological Journal, iii, p. 532, type P.
undulatu8=auri* sileni. — Cctprella Guilding olim, not Lamarck. —
Eulimus, in part, of previous authors. -\-Eurytus ALBERS, Die Hel.,
p. 169, 1850.

For anatomy see SCIIAKO, Festschrift zur Feier des 100-jahrigen
Bestehens der Gesell. Naturforsch. Freunde zu Berlin, 1873, p. 173
(jaw and teeth of blainvilleanus). BINNEY, Ann. N. Y. Acad.Sci.,

PLEKOCHEILUS. 63

iii, pp. 114, 115 (jaws and teeth of auris-sileni, aulacostylus. SEM-
PER, Reisen im Archip. Phil., Land moll., p. 150 (soft anatomy of
loveni and blainvilleanus).

Shell " Bulimoid," ovate or ovate-acuminate, usually solid and
opaque ; zig-zag streaked or dappled with brown on a lighter ground,
or variegated with whitish over brown or yellow, rarely unicolored;
the surface wrinkled, striated or granulose. Nepionic shell small.
Aperture ovate, the lip reflexed, expanded, or blunt ; columella
reflexed or narrow, with a spiral fold or none.

Left mantle-edge with two anterior lobes ; kidney very short,
triangular. Genitalia simple, the spermatheca duct long, penis
bearing a long flagellum. Jaw vertically striated by the edges of
numerous narrow, imbricating, slightly oblique united plates. Rad-
ula with the rhachidian tooth bearing a long middle cusp only, or
middle cusp shorter, and side cusps developed ; lateral and marginal
teeth with two cusps.

Distribution, northwestern South America (British Guyana, Ven-
ezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, with adjacent portion of Bol-
ivia) ; Islands of St. Vincent and St. Lucia.

This group has hitherto been incorporated in the restricted genus
Bulimus of authors, with Borus, Strophocheilus, Orphnussmd Dryp-
tus ; but these groups I have shown to possess the common character
of a relatively very large nepionic shell. In other words, the embryo
undergoes a greater amount of development within the egg, the lat-
ter containing a considerable quantity of nutriment. In conse-
quence of this, the individual eggs are of large size and few in num-
ber. On the other hand, Plekocheilus and the genera which will
follow, reproduce by smaller eggs, the young at the time of hatch-
ing being relatively minute. The nature of the jaw also separates this
genus from Borus and its allies ; the latter having a solid, ribbed or
smooth jaw like the Helices, while Plekocheilus has a jaw of the
finely laminated type common in Bulimulidce.

The Martensian classification is, therefore, clearly erroneous.. In
transferring the genus from Helicidw to Bulimulidu', attention may
be directed to the structure of the jaw, which is like many species of
Otostomus ; the teeth and genitalia which resemble those of some
Biilimulus; while the shell is either more solid than in those genera,
or its reflexed lip offers a differential character.

64 PLEKOCHEILUS.

Subgeneric divisions.

Two rather closely allied sections compose this genus :

1. PLEKOCHEILUS s. str., in which the shell is wrinkled or mal-
leated, spire costulate. (Page 64).

2. EURYTUS, shell granulate or striate, rarely almost smooth.
(Page 69).

The second of these groups has an extended range southward in
the elevated regions of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, where
the typical group does not extend.

Section PLEKOCHEILUS Guilding, 1828.

Plekocheilus GUILDING, Zoological Journal iii, p. 532 (1828), type
and sole species P. undiilatus=aurmileni. — Pelekocheilus BECK (in
part) Index, p. 55. — Pelecocheilus ALB., (first species only) Die
Hel., p. 151. — Pelecycheilus MART., (exclusive of type and all but
last species) Die Hel. 1860, p. 188. — Plecocheilus H. & A. ADS.,
(first species only) Gen. Rec. Moll., ii, p. 147. — Plecochilus AGAS.,
Norn. Zool. Tnd. Univ., Moll. (\847).—Pleocheilus M. E. GRAY, Figs.
Moll. Anim., pi. 74, f. 1. — Caprella GUILDING, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, xiv, 1825, p. 341, type C. undulata (aurissileni). Not
Caprella Lam., 1801. — Pupa, Auricula, Carychium, Voluta and Bul-
sp. of some authors.

Shell ovate or ovate-acuminate, solid, roughly sculptured with dense
longitudinal wrinkles broken by oblique or irregular malleation, the
spire longitudinally costulate; nep ionic shell small, most minutely
granose; aperture ovate, the lip well reflexed ; columella dilated
above, with a weakly convex oblique entering fold, which sometimes
bears a strong or slight white callus fold. Type S. aurissileni.

Plekocheilus has been misunderstood by Martens, Pfeiffer and other
systematists, who restrict it to the group of B. distortus Brug.

The group of B. speciosus, which I have left in the next section,.
Eurytnx, may perhaps as naturally be placed here ; but there is a
difference in the structure of the columellar fold. In Plekocheilus
this fold when strong is formed by a callus superimposed upon the
rather weak columellar convexity, and added only when the in-
dividual is quite mature.

PLEKOCHEILUS. 65

Key to Species.

a. Striped in zigzag or zebra pattern.

b. Columellar fold very strong; peristome white; dark and
light stripes of equal width, aurissileni.

bb. Columellar fold weak ; peristorae brown ; dark stripes nar-
row.

c. Quite obese, spire short, blainvilleanus.

cc. Slenderer, spire more produced, fulminant,

act. Shell unicolored or without zigzag stripes, columella with no
fold of callus.

[6. Uniform pink ; lip white or lilac, pudicus, antea, p. 6.]

bb. Brown, the peristome brownish-orange, appuni.

bbb. Streaked and spotted obliquely, higubris.

P. AURISSILENI Born. PI. 22, figs. 57, 58.

Shell ovate or obovate, perforate or umbilicate, solid and strong,
yellow or smoky-brown with longitudinal zebra-stripes of deep broivn
as wide as their intervals, and usually somewhat oblique or zigzag.
Surface finely sculptured with short, fine vertical wrinkles, cut into
spiral lines and bands by impressed spirals; and over this closely
malleated on the upper part of the body-whorl ; spire with close,
oblique riblets except earlier 2 whorls which are densely granulated.
Whorls slightly over 4, rapidly increasing, the last compressed at
periphery on its latter half. Suture shallow, becoming deeper and
obliquely descending on last whorl.

Aperture vertical, ear-shaped, blue- or flesh-white inside; per-
istome well reflexed, white. Columella dilated above, adults bear-
ing a very strongly projecting, twisted, spirally entering fold above.

Alt. 44, diam. 25$, alt. of aperture 28J mill.

Island of tit. Vincent, West Indies.

Valuta auris Sileni BORN, Test. Mus. Caes. Vindob., p. 212, pi. 9,
f. 3, 4.— GMEL., Syst. Nat. (13), p. 3436.— DILLWYN., Discr. Catal.,
i, p. 502. — Bulimus auris Sileni BRTJG., Encycl. Meth., i, p. 345.—
KUSTER. Conchyl. Cab., p. 46, pi. 14, f. 3, 4. — PFR., Monogr., ii, p.
87; iii,316; iv,380; vi, 23 ; Conchyl. Cab., pi. 22, f. 9.— REI.VK,
Conch. Icon., pi. 25, f. 164. — Auricula caprella LAM., An. s. Vert.,
viii, p. 140. — SOAVB., Conch. Man., f. 522, 523. — Pupa caprella GRAY,
Ann. of Philos. n. ser., ix. p. 412. — C'arychium undvlatum LEACH,
Zool. Misc. i, p. 37. — Plekoche'dus undidatusGviL.DiyG, Zool. Journ.
5

66 PLEKOCHEILUS.

iii, 1828, p. 533.— SWAINS., Zool. Illustr. (2.1 ser.), ii, p. 103 (with
animal). — Pelekocheilus sileni BECK, Index Moll., p. 55. — Auricule
chevrotin CHENU, Lee Elem., p. 243, f. 909.

A very distinct species. In young shells (see pi. 22, fig. 58), the
outer lip becomes reflexed and the other features of maturity are
assumed before the strong fold of the columella is added, just as in
fulminans and blainvilleanus. The pattern of sculpture and features
of the nepionic shell are also the same as in the fulminans group, of
which this species is undoubtedly a member.

P. FULMINANS NjSt. PI. 31, fig. 33.

Shell acutely long-ovate, moderately solid, imperforate; brown
or yellowish-brown, with narrow zigzag dark stripes. Surface closely
and strongly ribbed on spire, the body-ivhorlwith close vertical wrinkles
interrupted by obliquely descending ridges produced by a more or
less confluent malleation. Whorls 4f, those of spire nearly flat, the
last feebly convex above, its suture rapidly and obliquely descend-
ing.

Aperture not much over half the length, liver-brown inside ; per-
istome well reflexed, thick, liver-brown ; columella with a projecting,
entering fold above.

Alt. 53, diam. 29 ; alt. of aperture 29 mill.

Province Cumana, Venezuela (Funck) Cave of Guacharos, near
Caripe, Colombia.

B. fulminans NYST, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. de Liege, i, 1843, p. 261,
pi. 7, f. 1.— REEVE, C. Icon., pi. 24, f. 160a.— DESH. in Fer. Hist., p.
49, pi. 130, f. 11, 12.— PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 25 ; vi, p. 12.— MARTENS,
Binnenmoll. Venez., p. 17.— SOWERBY, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 582 (with
var. linterai). — B. bellulus JONAS, Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1844, p. 36 ;
Molluskolog. Beitr., p. 25, pi. 11, f. 18.— PHIL., Abbild., ii, p. 9, pi.
3, f. 3.

In fulminans the convex lobe of the columella in fully adult
shells is longer than in P. blainvilleanus. The aperture is smaller ;
outer lip less arcuate above, spire slenderer and more produced.

Von Martens many years ago, included blainvilleanus and loveni
in fulminans as varieties ; and recently Sowerby has expressed the
same opinion. It is extremely likely that these forms are only geo-
graphic varieties, but in the absence of specimens actually connecting
them, it may be as well to allow them to stand as species for the pre-

PLEKOCHEILUS. 67

sent. The convex fold of the coluruella is not added until complete
maturity is attained, so that some apparently adult shells are with-
out it ; and in this condition the species are still more alike.

Var. LINTER.*; Sower by. PL 31, fig. 32.

Smaller than the type, about the size of loveni, than which it is
more solid, with a more produced spire and narrower body-whorl.
The zigzag markings are only faintly visible in' some specimens.
(Sowb., P. Z. S., 1889, p. 582, pi. 56, f 12).

Mount Roraima, British Guiana.

*

P. BLAINVILLEANUS Pfeiffer. PL 31, figs. 29, 30, 31.

Shell ovate, perforated, solid ; yellowish-brown or reddish, with
narrow zigzag stripes. Surface ribbed on spire, the body whorl ver-
tically wrinkled and strongly malleated. Spire short, acute ; aper-
ture much over half the shell's length, brown with a pearly luster
within, the peristome broadly reflexed, outer lip well curved above ;
columella with a short callus fold built upon the middle of the
rather weak entering fold above.

Alt. 58, diam. 33, alt. of aperture 36 mill.

Alt. 43, diam. 25*, alt. of aperture 25 mill.

Puerto Cabello, Venezuela (Swift) ; Zaji, Prov. Merida, U. S. of
Colombia (Funck).

B. blainvilleanus PFR., P. Z. S., 1847, p. 230 ; Monogr., ii, p. 45.
— PHIL., Abbild., iii, pi. 8, f. 1. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 25, f.
161. — SEMPER, Reisen im Archipel Phil., Landmoll., p. 150, pi.
15, f. 1 ; pi. 17, f. 4 (anatomy). — B. fulminans var. blainvilleanus
MARTENS, Binnenmoll. Venez., p. 17. — SOWB., P. Z. S., 1889, p.
582.

More veutricose than fulminans, stouter, the superadded callus of
columella shorter. The specimen drawn in fig. 31 has not added
the columellar callus.

Var. LOVENI Pfeifler. PI. 31, figs. 36, 37.

Shell similar to P. blainvilleana in form, but smaller, thin, the
riblets of penult, whorl extending upon front of body whorl; whorls
4£. Columella without an added callus fold. Alt. 38, diam. 23 •
alt. of aperture 22 mill.

Colony of Tovar (Dyson) ; and Puerto Cabello (Bland) ; Vene-
zuela.

68 PLEKOCHKILUS.

B. loveni PFR., P. Z. S., 1847, p. 229 ; Monogr., ii, p. 26.— PHIL.,
Abbild., iii, p. 35, Bit limits pi. 8, f. 6. — SEMPER, Reisen, etc., p.
150, pi. 17, f . 3 (anatomy). — B. fulminans var. loveni MARTENS,
Binnenmoll. Yenez., p. 18.

P. LUGUBRIS Danker. PL 37, figs. 95, 96.

Shell ovate, subrimate, rather thin. Whorls 5, slightly convex,
rapidly increasing, the last three-fifths the entire length ; longitudi-
nally somewhat wrinkled and transversely densely striated. Deep
brown, variegated with irregular spots and streaks under a trans-
lucent black-olive epidermis. Columella a little sinuated ; aperture
oblong-ovate, blackish and very glossy ; peristome somewhat thick-
ened, reflexed. Length 51, width 28 mill. (Dkr.~).

Pasto, in southern Colombia (F. C. Lehmann).

Bitlimus lug it br Is DKR., Jahrb. D. M. Ges., xi, 1882, p. 378, pi.
11, f. 1,2.

Allied to B. blainvilleanus Pfr., but with different sculpture and
lacking the coluruellar fold ; the color darker, with irregular spots
and streaks, and without lightning lines.

P. APPUNI Dunker. PI. 31, figs. 34, 35.

Shell ovate-acuminate, narrowly umbilicated, rather solid, irreg-
ularly longitudinally striated, roughened, as if malleated all over;
unequally plicate below the suture. Unicolored pale brown, cov-
ered with a brownish-corneous or greenish epidermis. Whorls 5£,
convex, separated by a rather deep suture ; the last whorl some-
what swollen, about three times longer than the spire ; columella
slightly folded, a little receding. Aperture ovate, slightly oblique ;
peristome thickened, expanded, more or less reflexed, brownish-
orange. Length 60-65, diam. 34-36 ; aperture, alt. 34-35, width
18 mill. (Dkr.).

Sierra Nevada di Sta. Marta, U. S. of Colombia (Tetens).

B. appuni DKR., Jahrb. D. M. Ges., ii, 1875, p. 220, pi. 6, f. 1, 2 ;
Nachrbl. D. M. Ges., vii, 1875, p. 29,— PFR., Monogr., vii, p. 33.

This snail belongs to the group Dryptus Alb., and is nearest allied
to B. blainvilleanus Pfr., though its general aspect reminds one of
small varieties of B. moritzianus. It seems to vary in form judging
by the two well preserved specimens before me, the shorter one by
5 mill, is 2 mill, wider than the longer shell. (Dkr.).

PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS. 69

Section EURYTUS Albers, 1850.

Eurytm ALB., Die Hel., 1850, p. 169; Edit., 1860, p. 195, type
_B. pintadinus Orb.

Shell ovate or elongated, varying from rather thin to solid and
•either granulated, transversely striate or longitudinally rib striate.
Aperture exceeding half the alt. of shell ; peristome varying from
reflexed to simple and unexpanded ; columella with or without a
fold. Type Bulimus pintadinus Orb.

The objection may reasonably be lodged against the above diagno-
sis that it is sufficiently loose to admit almost any Bulimus; but so
diverse are the elements of Ettrytus that no more exact definition
will cover all of them. At the same time, I am unwilling to split the
group into several new sections. It is always doubtful whether the
greater defmiteness of idea obtained by disintegrating such a group
as this into named sections, will recompense for the additional brain
burden of carrying the machinery of nomenclature.

Key to groups of species.

I. Shell solid ; lip reflexed ; columella with a strong fold above.

Group of P. speciosus.
II. Shell thin, smooth ; columella with a lunate groove at root.

Group of P. aulacostylus.

III. Columella not strongly folded or grooved,
a. Lip well expanded or reflexed.

b. Without creamy epidermal stripes,

Group of P. coloratus.
bb. Epidermis with creamy, papery variegation,

Group of P. mccinoides.
aa. Lip blunt, unexpanded or but slightly so.

b. Ovate ; suture hardly descending in front,

Group of P. castaneus.
bb. Ovate ; suture deeply descending in front,

Group of P. taylorianus.
bbb. Elongated species, Group of P. floccosus.

Group of P. speciosus;

Ovate, smoothish, granulated or malleated. subperforate, solid ;
the peristome expanded and reflexed ; columella with a strong,
oblique fold above.

70 PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS.

Of this division I have seen only P. speciosus. It may well be
questioned whether the group does not belong to Plekocheilus.

P. SPECIOSUS Pfeiffer. PL 30, figs. 27, 28.

Shell narrowly perforate, ovate, rather solid, longitudinally pli-
cate, very minutely granulate and obliquely malleate ; olivaceous-
brown, with scattered reddish spots. Spire short, conic, rather
obtuse; suture subcrenulate, pale. Whorls 4, moderately convex,
the last forming nearly two-thirds of the alt. of shell, rounded at
base ; columella lightly folded, whitish. Aperture little oblique,
acuminate-oval, plicate within, and bluish, shining ; peristome
brown-orange, somewhat thickened throughout, expanded and re-
curved, the terminations joined by a transparent parietal callus j
columellar margin dilated. Alt. 58, diam. 30 mill. ; aperture, in-
side alt. 35, width 18* mill. (Pfr.).

Sierra Nevada di Sta. Marta (Schlim).

P. speciosus PFR., P. Z. S., 1854, p. 290 ; Novit. Conch., i, p. 14,
pi. 5, f. 1, 2; Monogr., iv, p. 377.— DOHRN, Jahrb. D. M. Ges., ii,
1875, p. 304.— Mouse., Malak. Bl., xvi, 1869, p. 173.

Mousson records B. speciosus from the lower Magdalena Valley
(coll. by Wallis), and measuring 53 mill. alt. The single specimen
before me is from Pamplona, U. S. of Colombia. Dohrn reports
specimens lacking the color spots.

P. PLECTOSTYLUS Pfeiffer. PI. 32, figs. 44, 45.

Shell subperforate, ovate-conic, solid, regularly and distinctly
granulated ; deep chestnut, with short, white flames under the
suture. Spire conic, rather obtuse. Whorls 5, slightly convex, the
upper ones plicate-striate, the last whorl swollen, very obliquely de-
scending in front, about four-sevenths the shell's length. Columella
with a strong suboblique fold above. Aperture reversed-ear-shaped,
dull lilac inside, shining; peristome expanded and reflexed through-
out, livid brown. Alt. 35, diam. 17 ; aperture, alt. 22, width of
cavity below the fold, 10 mill. (P/r.)

Chachopo, Prov. Merida, U. S. of Colombia (Funck).

B. plectostylus PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 48 ; P. Z. S., 1847, p. 230.-
PHIL., Abbild., iii, p. 36, pi. 8, f. 7.— REEVE, C. Icon., pi. 42, f. 268.
-DoiiRN, Jahrb. D. M. Gesell., ii, 1875, p. 304.

Dohrn found a more ventricose form in the collection made by
Wallis. He gives these measurements :

PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS. 71

Alt. 40, diam. 23 ; aperture, alt. 23, width 15 mill.
Alt. 44, diara. 24 ; aperture, alt. 23, width 17 mill.
Alt. 43, diam. 26 ; aperture, alt. 25, width 18 mill.
Alt. 50, diam. 33 ; aperture, alt. 33, width 21 mill.

" The color is sometimes dark brown with lighter streaks near the
suture ; sometimes the whole epidermis is made up of fine brown
and dull straw-yellow zig-zag streaks ; and others are entirely light
brown like B. fulminans. The lip is either leather-colored or flesh-
reddish, or whitish with colored edge. The slender form is very
near B. subglandiformis."

P. CONTORTUPLICATUS Reeve. PI. 19, fig. 39.

Shell hardly perforate, oblong, solid, minutely malleated and under
a lens very subtly granulated. White, covered with a thin, shining
greenish-corneous cuticle. Spire leugthened-conic, the apex rather
obtuse; suture with an impressed- margin. Whorls 5, but little
convex, the last descending, a little longer than the spire, rounded
at base. Columella white, folded, receding. Aperture subvertical,
oblong ear-shaped ; peristome white, thickened, expanded and re-
flexed. Alt. 67, diam. 27 mill. ; aperture with peristome 36 mill,
long, 15 mill, wide in the middle inside. (Pfr.~)

Prov. Minas Geraes, Brazil (Miers).

B. contortuplicatus RVE., Conch. Icon., pi. 88, f. 658 (Feb., 1850).
— PFE., Moudgr., iii, p. 314.

This species is compared by Reeve to B. pudicus, and it may
prove to be allied to that species rather than to the present group.

P. GUILDINGI Dohrn. PI. 30, figs. 25, 26.

Shell narrowly perforate, acuminate-ovate, rather solid, smooihish,
shining, tawny or chestnut colored, variously marbled with the
whitish-straw-colored deciduous epidermis. Spire elongate-conic,
rather acute. Whorls 43-5, but little convex, the last fuller, de-
scending in front ; columella oblique, with a strong fold, white.
Aperture acuminate-ovate, scarcely oblique; peristome expanded
throughout, thickened, white. (Z)oArn.)

Alt. 43, diam. 21 ; aperture, alt. 25, width 16 mill.

Alt. 40, diam. 22 ; aperture, alt, 24, width 16 mill.

Alt. 42, diam. 19 ; aperture, alt. 23, width 14 mill.

Xeiv Granada (Wallis).

72 PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS.

B. (Ple.kocheilus) guildingi DOHRN, Jahrb. D. M. Ges., ii,1875,
p. 306, pi. 10, f. 5, 6 ; Nachr. D. Malak. Ges., vii, 1875, p. 57.— PFR.,
Monogr., viii, p. 34.

In the structure of columella and lip, this species is near B. auris-
sileni ; but the surface is said to be smoothish (Icevigata).

Var. GUENTHERI Sowerby. PI. 30, figs. 29, 30.

Shell narrowly perforated, ovate, solid, smooth ; brown, painted
with irregularly angular and wavy whitish flames. Spire conic,
rather short, the apex a little obtuse ; whorls 4i, convex, the last
two-thirds the total length, inflated, rounded at base. Columella
nearly vertical, provided with a thickish oblique fold ; aperture
oval, slightly oblique, gray-brown inside ; peristome thick, reflexed,
the margins joined by a thickish callus. Alt. 41, diam. 26 mill. ;
aperture, alt. 22, width 12 mill. (Sowb.).

U. S. of Colombia.

Bulimy a guentheri SOWB., P. Z. S., 1892, p. 296, pi. 23, f. 7, 8.

This species is remarkable for tbe smoothness of its surface, hav-
ing neither granules nor striae. In form it somewhat resembles B.
cardinalis Pfr., while its markings are like those of a variety of B
succinoides Petit. (Sowb.*). Type in British Museum.

Group of B. aulacostylus.

Ovate, smooth, thin, umbilicated, with thin, expanded outer lip ;
columella broad, with a crescentic furrow at its root.

P. AULACOSTYLUS Pfeiffer. PI. 27, fig. 98.

Shell openly rimate-umbilicate, ovate, thin. Color varying from
light buff to dark red-chestnut irregularly sprinkled with chestnut
spots and flecks, often oblique, and on dark specimens hardly visi-
ble. Surface lustreless but smooth, showing under a lens delicate,
close, very superficial spiral striae. Spire short. Whorls 4?, the first
with sunken tip, delicately vermiculate-striate outside; last whorl
large, oval.

Aperture long-ovate, showing the external coloring within ; peris-
tome thin, fleshy-purple or pale, well expanded ; columella widen-
ing above and at its junction with body-whorl a deep crescentic chan-
nel is excavated. Parietal callus a mere transparent film. Alt. 33*,
diam. 19 mill.

Inland of St. Lucia, West Indies.

PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS. 73

Bulimus aulacostylus PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 59 ; Conchyl. Cab.,
p. 114, pi. 35, f. 5, 6; Monogr., iii, p. 316 ; iv, p. 380; vi, p. 23 ;
viii, p. 37.— TATE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1869, vi, p. 356.— BLD., Ann.
Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, 1858, p. 153.— SMITH, Ann. Mag. N. H.,
1889, iii, p. 403. — B. lentiglnosus REDFIELD, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.
N. Y., vi, p. 14 (1853).

The furrow at root of columella is characteristic ; the sculpture
not less so. Size and comparative width vary somewhat, and the
coloring is changeable within wide limits. It has been reported
from Trinidad and Demerara, but apparently incorrectly. A
specimen 43 mill, long is recorded by Smith.

Group of B. coloratus.

Ovate, granulated or decussate, the peristome narrow, expanded
or reflexed ; columellar fold weakly convex.

P. ROSEOLABRUM Smith. PI. 38, fig. 97.

Shell very narrowly rimate, ovate, acuminate above; minutely
granose-striate throughout ; ochraceous, irregularly ornamented
with scattered spots and oblique streaks. Whorls 4£, nearly flat,
rapidly increasing, the last whorl large, obliquely descending in
front. Suture crenulated.

Aperture oval, acuminate above, whitish-ochraceous inside, a little
less than two-thirds the length of shell ; columella oblique, arcuate,
visible as far as the apex ; peristome roseate, narrowly expanded
and reflexed throughout, the margins joined by a thin callus. Alt.
42, diam. 18 mill. ; length of aperture 26, width 14 mill. (Smith).

Malacatos, south Ecuador.

Bulimus (Eurytus) roseolabrum E. A. SMITH, P. Z. S., 1877, p.
362, pi. 39, f. 8.

B. piperitus of Sowerby is the nearest ally of this species. From
that form the present one differs in being smaller and consisting of
a whorl less. The granulous sculpture is also different, and does
not display that transverse direction which is noticeable in B. piper-
itus. The brown spotting is far less abundant ; the general tint is
yellower; and the peristome is rose-colored and everywhere ex-
panded and reflexed, which is not the case with Sowerby's species,
in which it is usually white and scarcely shows any expansion or
reflexion ; however, I have seen some specimens of the Peruvian B.
piperitus with a pink lip. (Smith).

74 PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS.

This species and the next seem to belong in the immediate vicinity
of the rather stouter P. coloratus Nyst. Cousin (Bull. Soc. Zool.
Fr. 1887, p. 208) thinks roseolabrum a rose-lipped form of corydon.

P. EROS Angas. PI. 38, figs. 98, 99.

Shell imperforate, oblong-ovate, thin. Very finely and closely
shagreened all over, the apical whorls marked with irregular lon-
gitudinal strire. Light greenish-olive, ornamented with small spots
and cloudy patches of a darker color. Spire very short, apex
obtuse, pink. Whorls 4, rather convex, the last large.

Aperture ovate, more than two-thirds the length of the shell, effuse
below ; outer lip slightly expanded and reflexed, which together with
the columella and the interior of the aperture, is of a bright rose
color. Alt. 36, diam. 17 mill. (Angas).

Ecuador.

Bulimus (Eurytus) eros ANG., P. Z. S., 1878, p. 312, pi. 18, f. 6, 7.

A beautiful species, characterized by its closely granulated sculpt-
ure, and the rosy coloration of the mouth. (Ang.~).
The aperture is larger than in P. roseolabrum Smith.

P. COLORATUS Nyst. PI. 32, figs. 41, 42, 43.

Shell perforated, ovate, varying from thin to solid ; straw-yellow
or pale buff, with scattered spots or irregular streaks (formed by
coalescence of spots) of dark brown, light-edged on the left side in
the typical form. Surface dull, wrinkle-striate and very densely
granulate, the granules following the wrinkles to some extent.
Spire conic ; whorls 4f , the first planorboid, the next minutely criss-
cross granulate; last whorl large, its latter third descending.

Aperture ovate, showing the color-pattern inside. Peristome ex-
panded and reflexed, rose-pink. Columella widened and folded
above, and with the light or heavy parietal callus, pink.

Alt. 45, diam. 26 ; aperture, alt. 27* mill.

Alt. 56, diam. 36 ; aperture, alt. 35 mill.

£7. S, of Colombia, in Magdalena Valley (Wallis) ; Prow. Ocana
(Sehlim) ; near Quito, Ecuador (Lattre).

B. coloratus NYST, Bull. Acad. Roy. Brux., xii (1), p. 228, pi., f. 2
a, b (1845). — PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 48 ; iii, p. 314 ; iv, p. 377 ; vi, p.
22; Novit. Conch., i, p. 29, pi. 8, f. 4, 5. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi.
24, f. 155.— Mouss., Malak. Bl., xvi, p. 173, 1869.— DOHRN, Jahrb.
D. Malak. Ges., ii,1875, p. 302.

rLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS. 75

The typical form of this species is rather thin and beautifully
variegated with dark spots (often coalescent into irregular streaks)
bordered on the left with light; and in the aperture this pattern is
conspicuous. It is connected, however, by intermediate specimens
with the following :

Var. LAMARCKIANUS Pfr. PI. 32, fig. 38.

"More solid and opaque, dark chestnut with few small scattered
darker spots, mostly oblique, and hardly showing within the dark
fleshy-brown aperture. Spire often superficially subplicate.

Alt/48 to 62 mill.

Andes of U. S. of Colombia, 8,000ft. alt. (Funck) ; La Esperanza
estate, near Rio Negro (Bland).

B. lamarckianus PFR., P. Z. S., 1847, p. 229 ; Monogr., ii, p. 45.—
REEVE, Conch Icon., pi. 24, f. 156. — BLAND in C. B. Ad., Contrib.
to Conch., No. 12, p. 231.— Mouss., Malak. Bl.,xvi, p. 173 (1869).

Reeve's figure, which I have copied, represents a specimen
somewhat larger and more obese than those before me, from Cum-
ing and Bland.

Yar. AMPULLA ROIDES Mousson. PI. 32, figs. 39, 40.

Larger than B. coloratus, more convex above, the spire shorter,
suture deep and umbilicus wider. Tawny-buff, with indistinct brown
spots. Alt. 73, diam. 55 mill.

Bogota (AVallis).

B. ampullaroides Mouss., Malak. Bl., xxi, 1873, p. 8. — PFR.,
Novit. Conch., iv, p. 132, pi. 130, f. 1, 2.— Con/., DOHRN, Jahrb. D. M.
Ges.,ii, 1875, p. 303,304.

This is regarded by Dohrn, evidently with justice, as an extreme
form of coloratus. It approaches P. gibbonius in size, but is com-
pletely distinct from that species in the shorter spire, greater con-
vexity of the whorls above, colored columella, etc.

P. GIBBONIUS Lea. PI. 33, fig. 46.

Shell umbilicate, very ventricose, solid; chestnut-brown with
scattered darker spots, sparser on latter half of body-whorl. Sur-
face lusterless, irregularly icritikle-striate and densely granulated,
the granules readily visible to the naked eye. Spire slender.
Whorls 5, the first planorboid, sometimes wanting, the next minutely
vertically striate ; last whorl very rapidly enlarging, swollen.

76 PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS.

Aperture very large, ovate, purple-brown with a pearly luster
within ; peristome brown, well expanded throughout. Columella
ividened and white above, brown and concave below, passing upward
in a long, gently convex fold. Parietal callus thin, whitish.

Alt. 84, diain. 65 ; aperture, alt. 57, width 46 mill.

Alt. 80, diam. 58 ; aperture, alt. 52, width 40 mill.

U. S. of Colombia, between La Plata and Tocaima (Gibbon) ;
between Guaduas and Villeta (Bland) ; Quenden Mts. (Pfr.).

Bulimus gibbonius LEA, Descr. New Freshwater and Land Shells,
Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vi, p. 85, pi. 23, f. 99 (1836) ; Obs. Genus
Unio, etc.. ii, p. 85, pi. 23, f. 99. — PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 51. — REEVE,
C. Icon., pi. 32, f. 196.— BLAND, in Ad., Contr. to Conch., No. 11,
p. 229.

Differs radically from B. castaneus in sculpture; from B.jimin-
ezi in form of the columella, and from B. coloratus var. ampullar-
oides in the slenderer spire, widened, white columella, etc.

P. EPISCOPALIS Pfeiffer. Unfigured.

Shell narrowly umbilicated, ovate-conic, thin, longitudinally sub-
rugose-striate and minutely granulated, sometimes with transverse
grooves. Olivaceous-tawny, with irregularly scattered reddish spots.
Spire conic, rather acute. Whorls 4?, the upper slightly convex,
the last about two-thirds the shell's length, obliquely descending,
arcuately subascending at aperture, the base slightly attenuated.
Columella lightly, compressedly folded. Aperture angulate-oval,
lilac colored within ; peristome purple, expanded and narrowly re-
volute, the columellar margin subappressed.

Alt. 58, diam. 27 mill.; aperture 38 mill, long, inside 19 wide.
(P/r.).

Bogota (Cuming coll.).

B. episcopalis PFR., P. Z. S., 1855, p. 115 ; Monogr., iv, p. 379.

A smaller variety is mentioned by Pfeiffer, alt. 47, diam. 22 mill.

Form like B. taylorianus Rve., but the rest of the characters ap-
proaching B. pulimrius Rve. ; differing in size, formation of the col-
umellar fold and the widely expanded peristome.

P. CORTICOSUS Sowerby. PI. 3, fig. 8.

Shell narrowly perforate, ovate-conic, solid, most minutely gran-
ulated throughout; dark brown, with obscure scattered dots and

PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS. 77

flames of blackish ; spire acutely conic. Whorls 5, lightly convex,
last whorl about two-thirds the total length ; columella with a stout
oblique fold. Aperture oval, livid inside ; peristome thickened,
expanso-reflexed, the ends joined by a somewhat thick callus; colu-
mellar margin dilated, nearly closing the perforation. Alt. 58,
diam. 30 mill.; aperture, alt. 26, width inside 14 mill. (Sou'b.~).

Bogota (coll. S. I. DaCosta).

Bulimus (Eurytus) corticosus SOWB., Proc. Malac. Soc. London,
i, No. 5, p. 214, pi. 13, f. 2 (March, 1895).

Compared with B. lamarckianus Pfr., the spire is much more con-
ical and the mouth smaller. The new species is further distin-
guished by its thickened columella fold. (Sowb.^).

P. CARDINALIS Pfeiffer. PL 33, figs. 52, 53.

Shell subperforate, compressed-ovate, solid, having growth-stria?,
and very close longitudinal, spiral and oblique impressed lines.
Olivaceous-chestnut, shining, with undulating reddish lines above,
and sparse blackish spots. Spire inflated-conic, rather obtuse;
whorls 4, convex, the last four-sevenths the length of shell, inflated,
subcompressed at base. Columella nearly vertical, subplicate above.
Aperture a little oblique, oval ; peristome lilac, the margins joined
by a moderately thick callus, right margin expanso-reflexed, col-
umellar margin dilated.

Alt. 50, diam. 28; aperture measured inside, alt. 26, width 15
mill. (Pfr.\

Napo (Martinez), and Quito, Ecuador (Cuming coll.); Nanegal
(Orton, Wolf); Valley of Pilaton, 500-1000 meters alt. (Boetzkes).

B. cardinalis PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 58; Monogr., iii, p. 316;
Conchyl. Cab., p. 113, pi. 35, f. 7, 8. — HIDALGO, Viaje al Pacifico,
p. 92. — Eurytas cardinalis MILLER, Malak. BL, xxv, p. 182.

According to Miller, this is one of the most abundant species of
Ecuador. It is notable for the thickness of the shell, strongly
thickened and recurved peristome, straight columella and heavy
callus.

P. TETENSII Dunker. PI. 33, figs. 50, 51.

Shell oblong-ovate, subglandiform, scarcely umbilicated, rather
thin, reddish, partly somewhat whitish, with some scattered pale
brown spots ; covered with a shining corneous yellowish epidermis.

78 PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS.

Whorls 5, longitudinally densely plicate and rugate, separated by a
marked suture, the last whorl quite double the length of the spire ;
apex a little obtuse, brownish-rose. Aperture ovate; columella
somewhat twisted ; outer lip somewhat thickened within, a little re-
flexed, roseate. Length of largest specimen 50, diam. about 25 ;
aperture, alt. 30, width 16 mill. (Dkr.~).

Sierra Nevada diSta. Maria, U. S. of Colombia (H. Tetens).

B. tetensiiVKR., Nachr. D. M. Ges., vii, 1875, p. 29; Jahrb. D.
M. Ges., ii, 1875, p. 221, pi. 6, f. 3, 4.

Of this species of the characteristically Columbian and Peruvian
group Eurytus, two specimens were brought by Mr. H. Tetens of
Altona. They were found in great numbers in an Indian village
(Macotama) at an altitude of 10,000 feet. The Indians (of the
Aruaco stock) used them for food, bringing them from higher up,
11-12,000 feet alt.
P. PULICARIUS Reeve. PL 7, figs. 1, 2, 3.

Shell umbilicate, ovate, rather thin ; brown (or fleshy-corneous)
with sparsely scattered oblique spots or short stripes of darker. Sur-
face lightly wrinkled by growth-lines, decussated by few or many
incised spirals, and more or less granulated irregularly. Spire
conic, the apex obtuse. Whorls 4?, convex, the last obliquely
descending.

Aperture rounded-ovate ; peristome reflexed and recurved, roseate
with pale edge, rounded on the face. Columella dilated above, im-
pressed at its junction with body above, having a short, weakly con-
vex, oblique fold. Parietal callus thin and transparent.

Alt. 35, diam. 22 ; aperture, alt. 21 mill.

Alt. 30, diam. 17 ; aperture, alt. 16 mill.

Boyota, U. S. of Colombia.

B. pulicarius REEVE, Conch. Icon., vi, pi. 42, f. 267 (Oct., 1848).
— PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 32.') ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 186, pi. 54, f. 6, 7 —
DESH. in Fer., Hist., p. 40, pi. 145, f. 16-18.— £. glandiformis PFR.,
Monogr., ii, p. 49, not of Lea.

P. GLANDIFORMIS Lea. PI. 38, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4.

Shell imperforate, oval, rather thin. Dull reddish-chestnut,
vermiculately mottled with whitish, under a transparent yellow
cuticle, the spire paler ; suture bordered below by a narroiv dark
reddish-brown band extending upward to the apex, and on the last

PLEKOCHEFLUS-EURYTUS. 79

whorl interrupted by irregular or zigzag light streaks. Sculpture,
a dense, fine malleation of the whole body-whorl, covered by a micros-
copic granulation, the granules tending toward arrangement along
strire in the direction of growth-lines (fig.. 4) ; penultimate whorl
somewhat less malleated, not granulate ; first whorl with fine irreg-
ular oblique stride ; the whorls of spire plicate below sutures. Apex
planorboid, a pit at the tip. Whorls 3 J, the earlier slightly convex,
latter lj decidedly convex; last half of body-whorl rapidly am!
deeply descending.

Aperture about three-fifths the total alt., ovate-pi ri form, flesh-
colored inside, with a sub-margin of brown within the lip, peristome
expanded and narrowly reflexed, brown-tinted white, convex on the
face; columella narrow, reflexed and adnate above, the inner edge
whitish, extending upward in a rather long, feebly convex fold ;
parietal wall smoky-brown, covered by an almost imperceptible,
transparent film. Alt. 31, greatest diameter 19, alt. of aperture 19
mill.

Between La Plata and Tocaima, U. S. of Colombia (J. H. Gibbon,
M. D.).

Bulimus glandiformis LEA, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (n. s.), vi,
1836, p. 83, pi. 23, f. 92 (June 15, 1838) ; Obs. Gen. Unio, ii, p. 83,
pi. 23, f. 92.

Description and figures from Lea's type, no. 105045 of the Smith-
sonian Institution collection. There is some superficial resemblance
to P. pulicarius, but that species has more whorls, a deeper suture
and rounder mouth, is variegated with dark brown, and it lacks the
conspicuous and characteristic malleation of glandiformis. The
superficial dents in this species are arranged in obliquely descending
series in some places, elsewhere are irregular; the mesh of wrinkles
around the indentations is mainly light yellow, where the thin,
glossy cuticle is retained ; but on the body-whorl there are some
oblique stripes of a darker chestnut, without buff net-work. P. sub-
glandiformis Mouss. is a longer shell than this, but is apparently
its nearest ally.

P. MABILLEI Crosse. PI. 21, figs. 44, 45.

Shell slightly subrirnate, ovate, thin, longitudinally rugose, closely
granulate ; brown under a thin, partly deciduous, buff epidermis,
marked transversely with few and inconspicuous blackish spots.
Spire conic, the apex moderately obtuse ; whorls 4£, slightly con-

80 PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS.

vex, the embryonal 1? smooth, brownish-purple, the last whorl
slightly ascending at the insertion, subinflated, two-thirds the total
length. Aperture suboval, brown and shining inside ; peristome
narrowly reflexed, white ; colurnellar margin complanate, twisted
inward above, receding at base. Alt. 24, diam. 16 ; aperture 15£
mill, long, 9o wide. (Crosse).

Mountains of Colombia.

B. mabillei CR., Journ. de Conchyl., xv, 1867, p. 197, pi. 6, f. 4.
— PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 46.

Resembles B. pulicarius Eve., but with different epidermis, small-
er, less inflated, the columellar margin more twisted and the um-
bilical chink narrower.

P. SUBGLANDIFOKMIS MoUSSOH. PI. 4, figs. 6, 7.

Shell subimperforate, elongate-ovate, moderately striated, densely
and minutely evenly granulated. Tawny buff, obscurely maculated,
at the suture articulated with brown and yellow. Spire convex-conic,
somewhat exserted, the apex rather obtuse, corneous-brown ; suture
regular, su him pressed. Whorls 5, flat-convex, the first strongly
striated, the following granulated throughout, the maculations giv-
ing a crenulated appearance to the suture ; last whorl visibly de-
scending, a little longer than spire, long-ovate, slender, somewhat
narrowed below.

Aperture three-fifths the length, subvertical (30° with axis), oval,
narrowed above, broadly effuse at base, whitish inside ; peristome
expanded and narrowly reflexed, obtuse, not thickened, the right
margin regularly curved, columellar margin passing into the oblique
and twisted columella, reflexed and adnate above. Alt. 34, diam.
19 mill. (Mouss.*). Colombia.

/>'. subglandiformis Mouss., Malak. Bl., xxi, 1873, p. 6. — PFR.,
Novit. Conch., iv, p. 127, pi. 129, f. 1, 2 ; Monogr., viii, p. 605.—? B.
f/landiformis REEVE, Conch. Icon. pi. 42, f. 266. — PFR., Monogr.,
iii, p. 325 ; iv, p. 383 ; vi, p. 29. — Not B. f/landiformis Lea.

This species is identified by Mousson with B. glandiformis of
Reeve, not Lea ; whether correctly or not we do not know. It
seems, however, to be a well marked species, more elongated than
its allies.

P. CORYDON Crosse. PI. 33, fig. 49.

Shell imperforate, ovate-acuminate, moderately thick, solid, nearly
smooth. Pule whitish-buff, with somewhat interrupted, irregu-

PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS. 81

lar chestnut, longitudinal streaks. Spire moderately lengthened,
apex rather obtuse ; suture impressed. Whorls 5, a little convex,
the first two shining, corneous white, the last whorl slightly descend-
ing, a little longer than the spire, somewhat inflated. Aperture ob-
long-ovate ; peristome somewhat thickened, white, the ends joined
by a rather thick blue-gray callus ; columellar margin adnate, basal
and outer margins dilated, reflexed throughout. Alt. 32, diam. 23 2
mill. (Crosse*).

Quito, Ecuador (Paz).

B. corydon CR., Journ. de Conchyl., xvii, 1869, p. 185 ; xviii,
1870, p. 104, pi. 6, f. 6.

P. PHCEBUS Pfeiffer. Unfigured.

Shell imperforate, ovate-fusiform, thin, lightly striatulate, little
shining ; pale buff, irregularly painted with streaks and spots of
brown. Spire conic, rather acute. Whorls oi, slightly convex,
the last not descending, a little longer than the spire, more swollen,
very obsoletely angulated in the middle. Columella compressed,
lightly arcuate. Aperture little oblique, angulate-elliptical ; peri-
stome roseate, margins joined by a brownish callus, the right mar-
gin expanded, basal margin subproduced, columellar margin nar-
row. Alt. 31, diam. 15 mill.; aperture, alt. 16, width 10 mill.

Ecuador (Mus. Cuming).
B. phcebus PFR., P. Z. S., 1862, p. 274; Monogr., vi, p. 9.

P. TAQUINENSIS Pfeiffer. Uafiyured.

Shell subperforate, ovate-oblong, rather solid, longitudinally
minutely striated and malleated ; painted with indistinct oblique
reddish streaks under a brownish-olive cuticle. Spire convex-conic,
rather obtuse ; whorls 4, moderately convex, the last a little longer
than the spire, rounded at base. Columella lightly folded. Aper-
ture subvertical, acuminate-oval, pearly inside ; peristome somewhat
thickened, flesh-colored ; right margin revolute, columellar margin
subdilated, horizontally spread and reflexed. Length 40, diam. 18
mill.; aperture with peristome 20 mill, long, width inside 11 mill.

Taquina, Sierra Nevada di Sta. Maria, Colombia, 9000 ft. alt.
(Mus. Cuming).

B. taquinensis PFR., P. Z. S., 1854, p. 290 ; Monogr., iv, p. 380.

6

82 PLEKOCHEILUS-EUKYH .<.

Group of P. succinoides.

Ovate, imperforate, with large aperture ; surface with creamy
oblique or zigzag epidermal stripes.

P. cATHCARTijE Reeve. PI. 4, figs. 1,2; pi. 3, fig. 9.

Shell ovate, ventricose, spire short ; whorls 5, obliquely very
finely striated, last whorl very large. Aperture wide open ; lip
somewhat broadly reflected. Whitish or purplish-chestnut, covered
with a yellowish-olive epidermis, and a second silken one which is
more or less beautifully and variously configured ; interior purple-
chestnut, lip pink. (Reeve~).

Province of Merida, Colombia (Linden).

£. cathcartice RVE., Conch. Icon., pi. 42, fig. 265 (Oct., 1848).

I do not know upon what grounds Pfeiffer unites this with B.
pintadinnn Orb., for it seems to be an entirely different species ; the
figure 26~>c of Reeve's plate, however, offers some approach to pinta-
dinus (see pi. 36, figs. 84, 85).

P. VICTOR Pfeiffer. PI. 33, figs. 47, 48.

Shell imperforate, fusiform-ovate, rather solid, lightly striate, not
shining. Painted with bands of yellowish-white, tessellated with
reddish, and wider bands of greenish-brown streaked with whitish.
Spire conic, the apex rather obtuse. Whorls 5, the upper but little
convex, the last whorl three-fifths the shell's length, more convex, at-
tenuated at base. Columella lightly arcuate, white. Aperture
oblique, oblong-oval, pearly within ; peristome red, thickened, nar-
rowly reflexed, the ends connected by a deep violet callus. Alt. 65,
diam. 29 ; aperture 40 mill, long, 20 wide. (P/r.).

Province Antioquia, Colombia (Schlim).

B. victor PFR., P. Z. S., 1853, p. 128 ; Monogr., iv, p. 368 ; Novit.
Couch, ii, p. 169, pi. 46, f. 1,2.

P. JUCUNDUS Pfeiffer. PI. 34, figs. 54, 55.

Shell subrimate, ovate-conic, thin, plicatulate and granulate all
over, diaphanous, little shining. Tawny, streaked with darker,
painted with alternate chestnut and buff spots at the suture. Spire
conic, rather obtuse. Whorls 4^, slightly convex, the last descend-
ing, slightly longer than spire, rounded at base. Columella whitish,
with a compressed twisted fold. Aperture slightly oblique, oval,
flesh-colored within, shining; peristome narrowly expanded, obtuse,
pale rose ; columellar margin somewhat dilated above, and appressed.

PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS. 83

Alt. 31, diam. 15 mill. ; aperture, alt. 18, width in the middle 9 mill.

Province Antioquia, Colombia (Schlim).
B.jucundm PFR., P. Z. S., 1854, p. 290; Mouogr., iv, p. 364;
Novit. Conch., i, p. 30, pi. 8, f. 8, 9.

P. QUADRICOLOR Pfeiffer. PI. 34, figs. 56, 57.

Shell imperforate $»cciHea-shaped, thin, striatulate ; buff with
close, oblique, chestnut "lightning-streaks" and some wider straw-
colored streaks, serrate on front edge, and evanescent below the mid-
dle. Spire conic, rather obtuse. Whorls 4, nearly flat, the last a
little convex, about two-thirds the entire length. Columella thread-
like ; peristome very narrowly expanded throughout, roseate, its
ends joined by a very thin callus. Alt. 30?, diam. 14 mill.; aper-
ture, alt. 21, diam. 11 mill. (P/V.)

Chachopo, Prov. Merida, Colombia (Funck).

B. quadricolor PFR., P. Z. S., 1847, p. 229 ; Monogr. ii, p. 18.-
PHIL., Abbild. iii, p. 20, pi. 8, f. 4.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 42, f.
263.

Differs from B. veramji in the bold, zig-zag brown streaks.

P. VERANYI Pfeiffer. PI. 34, figs. 58, 59, 60, 61, 62.

Shell ovate, subperforate, rather solid but thin ; " tawny, with
scattered chestnut dots and ornamented with separated buff or white
zig-zag streaks," or buff-brownish with indistinct scattered trans-
verse brown dots, and longitudinal buff ziz-zag streaks interrupted
into a net-work of >-shaped markings. Surface delicately but
densely granulose throughout, and with faint, spaced spiral cords.
Spire short, conic. Whorls 4^, the last descending in front.

Aperture large, ovate ; peristome white, narrowly expanded
above, broadly so toward the base ; columella white, narrow and
arcuate below, reflexed and folded above. Parietal callus a mere
transparent film.

Alt. 27, diam. 17 ; alt. of aperture, 17 mill.

Alt. 33, diam. 15 ; alt. of aperture, 20 mill.

Chachojw, Prov. Merida, Colombia (Funck).

B. veranyi PFR., P. Z. S., 1847, p. 230 ; Mouogr. ii, p. 49.— PHIL.,
Abbild., iii, p. 20, pi. 8, f. 5, 9.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 42, f. 262.

It is more conoidal, less swollen above than P. succinoides, the
aperture is smaller, parietal wall light colored. The papery light
markings are sometimes nearly absent.

84 PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS.

Yar. SCYTODES Pfeiffer. PI. 34, figs. 63, 64.

Shell i in perforate, ovate conic, thin, remotely striate, minutely
granulate all over, the granules not regularly arranged, hardly
shining; brown, with irregularly scattered reddish and larger black-
ish spots, and painted with angular, flexuous, longitudinal buff lines,
often in pairs or confluent. Spire short, convex-conic, rather ob-
tuse. Whorls 4, slightly convex, the last large, four-sevenths the
entire alt., deflexed in front, rounded at base. Columella narrow,
entering, lightly arcuate. Aperture little oblique, oval, concolored
within, shining; peristome simple, thin, reddish, narrowly reflexed
throughout. Alt. 35, diara. 17?; aperture, alt. 21, width 12 mill.

Andes of Colombia (Cuming coll.).

B. scytodes PER., P. Z. S, 1851, p. 25(5 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 93, pi. 31,
f. 17,18; Monogr.iii, 302.

I am unable to find characters in this separating it from P.
veranyi.

P. SUCCINOIDES Petit. PI. 34, figs. 65, 66.

Shell succinea-shaped, ovate, imperforate, thin. Yellow, with a,
dark chestnut sutural band, and more or less variegated with irregu-
lar, creamy oblique stripes ; the parietal wall dark chestnut. Sur-
face lusterless, with irregular wrinkles in the direction of the growth-
stria?, and densely, rather coarsely granulated throughout, the gran-
ules irregular in arrangement. Spire very short. Whorls 3? to 4,
the last very large.

Aperture very large, about four-fifths the shell's length or some-
what less, ovate, flesh-tinted inside and often showing the external
stripes ; peristome very narrowly reflexed throughout, white ; colum-
ella long, arcuate, white, dilated and adnate above.

Alt. 31, diam. 19 ; alt. of aperture, 22 mill.

Alt. 49, diam. 26 ; alt. of aperture, 38 mill.

Santa Fc de Bogota; Boca del Monte, Plain of Bogota (Bid.) ;
Merida, Colombia.

B. succinoides PET., Revue Zool., 1X40, p. 75 ; Mag. de Zool., 1841,
pi. 31. — PER., Monogr., ii, p. 18. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 42, f.
264.— DESH. in For. Hist., p. 46, pi. 145, f. 19-21.— MOUSSON,
Malak. Bl. xxi, 1873, p. 7. — DOHRN, Jahrb. D. Malak. Ges. ii,
1 .s75, p. SQl.-Bulimua succiiieoicles MART., Die Hel., p. 195,-Succinea
bulimoides PER., Symbolic ad Hist. Hel., ii, p. 131. — Bnlimus lati-

PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS. 85

labris PFR., P. Z. S., 1855, p. 7 ; Novit. Conch., i, p. 36, pi. 10, f. 1, 2 ;
Monogr., iv, p. 364.

A remarkable and well-named species, differing from P. veram/l
and scytodes in the larger body whorl, black-brown parietal wall,
etc. The specimens before me support Dohrn's statement that
B. latilabris (pi. 34, figs. 67, 68) is a synonym.

P. CALLIOSTOMA Dohrn. PI. 34, figs. 69, 70.

Shell Succinea-like, imperforate, thin, pellucid ; corneous-yellow,
painted with irregular streaks and spots of whitish, and banded with
brown at the suture. Spire conic, rather acute; suture distinct.
Whorls 4, rapidly enlarging, the upper striated, the last whorl stri-
ated and densely granulated, very large, the base dilated, rounded,
deeply descending in front. Aperture ample, acuminate-oval ; peri-
stome thin, violaceous-rose, expanded and reflexed throughout, the
margins joined by a wide, thin, brown-violet callus ; columellar
margin arcuately ascending. Columella open as far as apex (seen
from below). Length 29, diam. 15 mill. ; aperture, length 22, width

14 mill. (Dohrn).

Province Antioquia, U. S. of Colombia.

Bulimus (Eurytus) calliostoma DOHRN, Jahrb. D. M. Ges., ix,
1882, p. 103, pi. 3, f. 1,2.

Nearest allied to B. succinoides from the same region, but distin-
guished by the red lip. All other species of this group have the
spire higher and mouth smaller. (D.).

Group of P. castaneus.
Ovate, rather obese, the peristome narrowly expanded.

P. CASTANEUS Pfeiffer. PI. 35, fig. 73.

Shell narrowly perforate, ovate, solid ; unicolored chestnut. Sur-
face showing distinct growth-wrinkles cut by numerous more spaced,
shallow and rather wide spiral sulci, on the upper part of body-whorl,
cutting the wrinkles into narrow spiral girdles of long, vertical gran-
ules ; on the middle and lower part of body-whorl not granulate,
obscurely latticed and malleated by oblique short impressions. Spire
small, conic ; whorls 4J, the first planorboid with sunken tip, white
above, the next most minutely and densely granular; last whorl
rapidly enlarging.

Aperture large, ovate, brown inside ; peristome narrow, brown,
the outer lip not thickened, hardly noticeably expanded ; columella

86 PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS.

narrowly reflexed, gently coin-arc, but little wider above, without
noticeable fold, and together with the moderately strong parietal cal-
lus, broivn throughout. Alt. 66, diam. 45 ; aperture, alt. 44, width
30 mill.

U. S. of Colombia, Vegas of the River Quenden (Pfr.) ; near
Fresno and Santa Ana (Bid.) ; Upper Magdalena Valley, common
(Dohrn).

B. castaneus PFR., P. Z. S., 1845, p. 68 ; Monogr., ii, p. 52. — Rve.,
C. Icon., pi. 32, f. 197.— BLAND, in C. B. Ad. Contrib. to Conch., No.
11, p. 229.— DOHRN, Jahrb. D. M. Ges.,ii, 1875, p. 301.— MOUSSON,
Malak. Bl., xxi, p. 4.— DESK, in Fer., Hist., p. 53, pi. 130, f. 1, 2.

Well distinguished from other species of this group by the non-
granulate surface.

P. ELAEODES Pfeiffer. PI. 35, figs. 71, 72.

Shell imperforate, ovate, rather thin, rugose-striate, transversely
submalleated, diaphanous, shining; chestnut-olivaceous. Spire
conoidal, the apex obtuse. Whorls 4, slightly convex, the last
about four-sevenths the total length, descending in front, rather
rounded beneath. Columella entering, somewhat twisted, roseate ;
aperture subvertical, oval, pearly within ; peristome roseate, some-
what thickened, narrowly reflexed, the ends joined by a callus
spreading over the umbilical region. Alt. 36, diam. 18 mill. ; aper-
ture measured inside, alt. 19, width 11 mill. (Pfr.).

Andes of Columbia (Cuming coll.); Lower Magdalena Valley
(Wallis).

B.elaeodes PFR., P. Z. S., 1851, p. 256; Monogr., iii, p. 305;
Conchylien Cabinet, p. 87, pi. 30, f. 23, 24.— MOUSSON, Malak. BL,
xvi, 1869, p. 173.

Distinguished, says Mousson, by its very strong, irregular spiral
grooving. Upper whorls lighter and showing zig-zag streaks.

P. .TIMENEZI Hidalgo. PI. 35, figs. 69, 70.

Shell subimperforate, ovate-acuminate, thin, subpellucid, not
shining. Surface striatulate and under a lens very minutely granu-
lated ; whitish, more or less copiously besprinkled with small spots
and dots of chestnut, sparse or confluent, and partly obliquely elon-
gated, covered with an olivaceous cuticle. Spire short, conic, the
apex rather acute and chestnut-brown; suture simple; whorls 5,
rather flattened, rapidly enlarging, the last large, ventricose, ob-

PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS. 87

liquely descending. Coluraella oblique, narrow, twisting inward,
its spiral ascent to the apex being visible from below ; aperture am-
ple, ovate-acuminate, shining and pale blue tinted within, about five-
sevenths the shell's length. Peristome simple, narrowly expanded,
hardly reflexed, fleshy-brown ; the margins joined by a very thin
callus; right margin strongly arched, columellar margin narrow,
subreflexed. Alt. 75, diam. 47 mill. (Hid.*).

San Jose, Ecuador (Isern).

Bulimus gibbonius HID., Joum. de Conchyl., xviii, 1870, p. 54;
Moluseos del Viaje al Pacifico, pi. 5, f. 2, 3. — B. jimenezi HID., t. c.
p. 93.

Distinguished readily from B. gibbonius, coloratits, ampullaroides,
etc., by the narrow columella, the spiral trend of which to the apex
may be seen from the base.

P. TRICOLOR Pfeiffer. PI. 35, figs. 74, 75.

Shell subperforate, ovate, thin, striate and minutely granulate;
olive-brown, with oblique, interrupted lighting stripes of deep chest-
nut. Spire ventricose-conic, the apex red and rather acute; suture
denticulate-marginate. Whorls 4, the upper 2 rather flat, the last
ventricose, very obliquely descending at the latter part, attenuated
at base. Columella simple, arcuate; aperture small, slightly longer
than spire ; oblong-oval ; peristome reddish-fleshy, somewhat thick-
ened, slightly expanded, the columellar margin dilated and reflexed
above. Alt. 42, diam. 21 mill. ; aperture 22 mill, long, 13 wide.

Gualea, Ecuador (Bourcier).

B. tricolor PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 154; Monogr., iii, p. 325;
Conchyl. Cab., p. 95, pi. 32, f. 17, 18.

The following is evidently a variety of this, as Hidalgo himself
suspected.

Var. SEMIPICTUS Hidalgo. Pi. 5, figs. 24, 25 ; pi. 8, fig. 41.

Shell subimperforate, ovate, thin, subpellucid, but little shining,
rather smooth. Whitish, the earlier whorls with narrow oblique
" lightning " stripes, the last with sparse dots of the same color, van-
ishing toward the aperture; covered with an olivaceous cuticle.
Spire conic, apex rather obtuse, purple-brown ; suture simple, some-
times slightly creuulated. Whorls 4, subplanate, rapidly increasing,
the earlier 2 seen to be minutely wrinkled under a lens, the last

88 PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS.

somewhat inflated on the back, flattened toward the aperture, deeply
descending in front, subdilated beneath.

Columella narrow, oblique, twisted inward, visible inside from the
base as far as the apex. Aperture ovate-acute, subdilated below,
three-fifths the length of the shell, within concolored ; peristome
simple, sometimes somewhat thickened, narrowly expanso-reflexed
throughout, purple-brown; the terminations joined by a very thin
callus ; right margin well arched, columella slightly dilated above,
adnate. Alt. 38, diam. 23 mill.

Baeza, Ecuador (Martinez).

B. semipicttis HID., Journ. de Conch., xvii, 1869, p. 188; xviii,
1870, pi. 6, f. 7 ; Moll. Viaje al Pacif, p. 95, pi. 6, f. 8, 9.

In the majority of its characters, according to Hidalgo, this form
is like B. tricolor Pfr., but it differs in the more obtuse spire, larger
aperture, diverse direction of the columella, fewer color-lines and
lack of granulation on the last whorl, though with a high power lens
granulation is visible on the second whorl.

P. ARIST.EUS Crosse. PI. 4, fig. 4.

Shell nearly covered rimate, irregularly ventricose-oval, longitu-
dinally wrinkle-striate ; olive-chestnut, with sparse zig-zag streaks
and spots of blackish-brown, nearly disappearing on the last whorl.
Spire rather short, the apex obtuse ; suture well marked. Whorls
4|, somewhat convex, the nepiouic H smooth and polished, violet-
purple; penultimate whorl strongly convex ; last whorl deeply ob-
liquely descending, carried forward, large, inflated, much longer
than the spire.

Columella perceptibly receding, white within ; aperture oval, sub-
piriform, moderately large, soiled white within ; peristome pale
chestnut whitish, somewhat thickened, narrowly reflexed, the mar-
gins somewhat converging, joined by a very thin callus; columellar
margin flat, slightly dilated. Alt. 48, diam. 27 mill.; aperture
(with peristome) alt. 27, width 18 mill. (Crosse).

Quito, Ecuador (Paz.).

B. aristceus CROSSE, Journ. de Conch., xvii, 1869, p. 185; 1870,
p. 105, pi. 6, f. 5.

Group of P. taylnrianus.

Ovate, imperforate, the lip and columella narrow, not expanded;
suture abruptly descending in front, the whorl flattened there.

PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS. 89

a. Surface spirally striated.

b. Light, with brown dots and spots, spire rather long,

piperitus.

bb. Dark chestnut, solid, spire short, swp&r&triaius.

«a. Surface irregularly granulate.

b. Yellowish with brown dots, pseudopiperatus.

bb. Chestnut-brown, markings indistinct, taylorianus.

P. PIPERITUS Sowerby. PI. 36, fig. 77.

Shell imperforate, ovate-acuminate, thin but rather solid ; color a
light broivn tint, irregularly and finely speckled and spotted u-ith
chestnut throughout. Surface lusterless, smoothish, under a lens
showing close, irregular groivth-ivrinkles cut by numerous more spaced
spirals. Spire regularly conic. Whorls 5, the last rather com-
pressed above, sack-like below, suddenly dejiexed and flattened behind
posterior angle of aperture. Aperture ovate, bluish and with some
spots within ; peristome white, a trifle thickened, not noticeably
expanded ; columella concave, narrow, slightly widening at insertion
where it is reflexed and adnate ; parietal callus thin and transpar-
ent. Alt. 44, diam. 25; aperture, alt. 24 mill.

Huallaga, Peru.

Bulinus piperitus Sows., Conch. Illustr., f. 93. — Bulimus piperi-
tus REEVE, Couch. Syst., ii, pi. 174, f. 93; Conch. Icon., pi. 16, f.
96. — PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 17.

P. PSEUDOPIPERATUS Moricand. PI. 35, fig. 76.

Shell ovate, imperforate, solid, inflated ; covered with a yellowish
epidermis, with scattered brown dots. Spire rather short, acumin-
ate; suture impressed. Whorls 5 to 5-1, rapidly enlarging, convex,
the last large, deeply descending, f the length of shell, rugose-gran-
ulate and irregularly striated. Aperture ample, oblong-oval ; lip
simple, not reflexed, white ; columella reflexed, straight, calloused ;
inside shining, with a pearly sheen. (J/br/c.). Alt. 60, diam. 30

mill.

Moyobamba, Peru.

B. pseudopiperatus MORIC., Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (2) x, 1858, p.
451, pi. 14, f. 2 (Oct., 1858).— PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 88.

Moricand's figure measures alt. 60, diam. 31 mill., differing con-
siderably from the dimensions in his text, which are, alt. 40, diam.
30 mill., probably by typographical error.

90 PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS.

This Bulimus, of a soiled grayish-white, spotted and dotted with
small brown spots, resembles B.piperatus Sow., but is larger, much
thicker, and the last whorl is proportionally more lengthened and
swollen. Moreover the structure is very different, for there are only
longitudinal stria?, not cut transversely by finer ones ; the granula-
tion is coarser. The columellar margin is noticeably reflexed,
applied to the whorl, and united to the right margin by a more or
less thick layer of white enamel. The interior is bluish nacreous.
(./I/one.).

P. TAYLORIANUS Reeve. PI. 36, figs. 78, 79.

Shell imperforate, ovate-conic, rather thin, irregularly striated and
minutely granulated throughout; luster J ess ; chestnut-brown, with
scattered dots of darker, and on the spire some zig-zag blackish lines.
Spire slender, conic, apex rather acute ; whorls 4 j-5, those of spire
nearly flat ; suture impressed, becoming deep and slightly crenulated
around last whorl, which is wrinkled below it. Last whorl large,
swollen, very abruptly and deeply descending in front.

Aperture ovate, fleshy-brown and glossy within ; peristome simple,
obtuse, flesh-colored ; columella very narrow, gently arcuate, flesh-
colored, slightly dilated and appressed above ; parietal callus thin,
fleshy, not projecting or spreading outward beyond the level of the
lip.'

Alt. 53. diam. 30; aperture, alt. 32 mill, (specimen).

Alt. 66, diam. 30; aperture, alt. 39 mill. (Pfr.).

Around Quito, Ecuador ; Chimborazo (Bourcier) ; Los Puentes,
prov. Pinchincha (Cousin).

B. taylorianus RVE., Conch. Icon., pi. 81, f. 602. — PFR., Monogr.,
iii, p. 381 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 95, pi. 32, f. 1, 2. — Eurytus taylorioides
MILLER, Malak. Bl. xxv, p. 180; and (u. F.) i, pi. 7, f. 1, (var.
minor).

The sparsely scattered dark markings are not conspicuous on
account of the darkness of the ground-color ; and there is sometimes,
perhaps always, a peppering of minute golden points on the body-
whorl. The spire is quite slender for so inflated a body-whorl, and
the abrupt descent of the last whorl in front is very characteristic.

I can see no reason for the existence of Miller's taylorioides,
founded on Pfeiffer's figures.

PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS. 91

P. SUPERSTRIATUS Sowerby. PI. 36, fig. 80.

Shell im perforate, ovate-conic, rather solid, shining, longitudinally
rugate, spirally striate ; chestnut, obscurely flammulate and maculate
with blackish-brown. Spire conic, apex rather acute; whorls 5,
slightly convex, crenulated at the suture, the last exceeding the spire,
sculptured with numerous incised spiral striae, disappearing toward
the base. Aperture oval, bluish-purple inside ; peristorae scarcely
thickened, buff. Alt. 54, diam. 29 mill. (Sowb.^.

Yquitos, Peru.

B. superstriatus Sows., P. Z. S., 1889, p. 578, pi. 56, f. 9.

Resembling B. taylorianus Reeve, but spirally sculptured, thus pre-
senting a character quite unusual in the genus, and unknown among
the species of this group.

Var. PRODEFLEXUS Pilsbry. PI. 36, fig. 81.

Shell imperforate, ovate-conic, solid. Yellowish-chestnut, sprink-
led with golden dots and maculre, showing a few longitudinal dark
streaks and scattered spots ; the earlier whorls purplish-brown. Sur-
face with growth Avrinkles, irregularly cut into narrow vertical
granules by more distant spiral incised lines, subobsolete below.
Spire stout, conical ; apex obtuse. Whorls 4?, gently convex, the
last transversely dilated, compressed around the upper part, deeply
deflexed in front, slightly gibbous around columella.

Aperture over half the shell's length, somewhat oblique, purplish
inside, ovate-angular; peristome blunt, not expanded, its edge
yellowish, broadly bordered inside with blue-white; columellar mar-
gin abruptly arcuate below, straightened above, oblique, passing into
parietal wall without an angle ; parietal callus narrow, extending low
on columella. Alt. 52, diam. 30 mill. ; alt. of aperture 28 mill.

Balsas, valley of Mar anon R., Peru (H. W. Webb).

Resembles Sowerby 's B. superstriatus (which I know from his de-
scription and figure only) in sculpture, but differs from his figure in
the stouter spire, and very different form of the columella.

P. AUREONITENS Miller. PI. 38, fig. 5.

Shell imperforate, ovate-conic, compressed, rather thin, smooth,
most minutely, closely granulated, partly (especially anteriorly on
penultimate whorl) spirally lineate; slightly golden-shining, rufous*
diaphanous ; ornamented with oblique darker streaks on penultimate

92 PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS.

whorl, and scattered darker spots on the last whorl. Spire conic,
the apex obtuse. Whorls 4i, rather flat, at the slightly impressed
suture distinctly striate or costulate; first whorl granulate, the fol-
lowing striate or decussated, the last whorl nearly smooth, three-
h'fths the alt. of shell, inflated in front, suddenly and arcuately
deeply descending.

Columella twisted, passing arcuately into peristome. Aperture
oblique, oval, the peristome simple, above a little reflexed, the col-
umellar margin narrowly reflexed and adnate, brown-flesh color;
terminations joined by a thin, shining, white-edged callus. Alt. 53,
diarn. 25 mill.; aperture, alt. 32, width 21 mill. (Miller).

Pilaton Valley, Ecuador (P. Boetzkes).

Eurytus aureonitens MILLER, Malak. Bl., xxv, p. 181 ; and (n.
F.) i, pi. 6, f. 2.

This species is evidently allied to the two preceding, but differs in
the smooth body-whorl. Miller says: The vertical distribution of
this species seems to be restricted. It lives on leaves and is rather
plentiful. The columella is so strongly curved that it coils around
a central hole, through which one can see to the apex.

Group of P. floccosm.

Lengthened, imperforate, the peristome narrow.

P. FLOCCOSUS Spix. PI. 37, figs. 86, 87, 88.

Shell imperforate, much elongated, rather thin, but solid, hardly
shining. Dull purplish-brown, with scattered spots (and usually
some streaks) of dark purple-chestnut, each edged on the left by a
transverse, shadow-like buff patch; the spire clear light brown. Sur-
face closely and coarsely plicate-striate, and minutely, very densely, ir-
regularly granulate, the granulation disappearing on spire ; nepionic
whorls with a thimble-like punctulation. Spire conic, apex ob-
liquely obtuse, the tip white. Whorls 5, feebly convex, the last de-
scending and flattened in front.

Aperture long-ovate, within purple-fleshy or purple-brown, macu-
lated with darker and cream ; peristome simple above, gently ex-
panded toward the base ; columella simple and very narrow below,
dilated and appressed above ; parietal callus a mere transparent
varnish. Alt. <>2, diam. 25 mill. ; aperture, alt. 38 mill.

Napo, Ecuador (Martenez) ; Hanks of the Amazon (Spix).

PLEKOCHEILUS-EURYTUS. 93

AchatinafloccosaSpix, Test. Bras, pl.9, f. 3, 4. — Bulimnsfioccosns
WAGNER, t. c., p. 10 (1827). — DESH., in Lara. An. s. Vert., viii, p.
241.— PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 302, iv, p. 363.— HIDALGO, Mol. Vi:ij<>
al Pacif., p. 127, pi. 7, f. 1-4.

More strongly striate than its allies. Hidalgo unites I!, /ilnffidi-
nus Orb. to floccosus, considering it the adult form. The specimens
before me are apparently adult, and are of the form shown in figs.
86, 88.

P. PINTADINUS d'Orbigny. PI. 36, figs. 84, 85.

*

Shell oblong, ventricose, thin, substriate, brownish-violaceous, or-
namented with reddish-brown and whitish spots. Spire conic, apex
acuminate, obtuse. Whorls 5, the last oblique, large. Aperture
oval, brown-violaceous; columella thick; lip somewhat thick, sub-
reflexed. Length 60, diam. 30 mill. (Orb.~).

Humid and luxuriant forest country of the Yxracures, at the foot
of the eastern cordillera of Bolivia (Orb).

Helix pentadina ORB., Mag. de Zool, 1835, Cl.V, No. 61, p. 8 ; Voy.
dans 1'Amer. Merid., pi. 29, f. 11, 12 ; Bulimus pintadinus ORB., t.
c., p. 296.— PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 17 ; iii, 314 ; iv, p. 377 ; vi, p. 22.

Described from one dead specimen, deposited in the collection of
the Museum of Natural History of Paris. The colors are somewhat
faded, but it seems to be of a bi'own-violet tint, darker on the last
whorl, which is ornamented with a few small transverse spots of
dark brown violet, each with a transverse white spot on its left side,
so that the dark spots seem like the shadows of the light ones. It is
shorter and more ventricose than B. floccosns, and, judging from
Orbigny's figures, there seems to be an umbilical chink behind the
columellar lip.

P. ONCA d'Orbigny. PI. 37, figs. 89, 90, 91.

Shell imperforate, elongated, rather thin, striatulate, diaphanous;
tawny, with irregularly scattered chestnut spots. Spire conic, the
apex obtuse. Whorls 5, the last hardly longer than spire. Colu-
mella scarcely folded, obliquely receding, roseate. Aperture ob-
long-oval, flesh-colored inside; peristome narrowly expanded, its
ends joined by a thin rosy callus. Alt. 58, diam. 22 mill.; aperture
31 mill, long, 13 wide. (P/V.).

Tatulima, northeastern part of eastern cordillera of J><>/ iii, i \\\ deep
humid ravines (Orb.).

94 PLEKOCnEILUS-EURYTUS.

Helix onca ORB., Mag. de Zool., 1835, p. 8 ; Voy. dans 1'Araer.
Merid., pi. 30, f. 1, 2.— P>. onca ORB., t. c., p. 295.— REEVE, Conch.
Syst., ii, pi. 173, f. 3 ; Conch. Icon., pi. 18, f. 108.— PFR., Monogr.,
ii, p. 17. — Bnlinus onca Sows., Conch. Illustr., f. 80. — Placostylus
oncti BECK, Index, p. 58. — Bulimus onza ALB., DieHel., (2) p. 195.

Not deeply striate as B. floccosus is, but resembling that species
in form.

P. LYNCICULUS Deville & Hupe. PL 36, figs. 82, 83.

Shell imperforate, ovate-oblong, thin, subpellucid, but little shin-
ing, obsoletely subdecussated. Whitish-rose, irregularly marked
with longitudinal dots and lines of chestnut, covered with a thin
tawny cuticle. Spire conoid, the apex somewhat obtuse, roseate ;
suture simple. Whorls 5-V, slightly convex, rather rapidly increas-
ing, the last somewhat ventricose, subdeflexed in front. Columella
roseate, oblique, narrow, and twisted, its spiral turns visible inside
to the apex from the base. Aperture oval, acuminate above, within
colored like the outside, rose-tinted, three-fifths the shell's length ;
peristome simple, rose-tinted, slightly expanso-reflexed, the mar-
gins joined by a very thin callus; right margin regularly arcu-
ate, columellar margin a little dilated, adnate. Alt. 50, diam. 25
mill. (Hidalgo).

Mission of Sarayacu, on the river Ucayali, Peru (Castelnau) ;
Napo, Ecuador (Martinez).

B. li/nciculus DEVILLE & HUPE, Revue Zoologique, 1850, p. 640,
pi. 15, f. 1. — HUPE, Anim. nouv. ou rares rec. pendant 1'Exped.
dans les parties centr. de 1'Amer. du Sud., sous la direction du
Comte F. de Castelnau, Moll., p. 40, pi. 5, f. 3, 3a.— HIDALGO, Mol.
Viaje al Pacif., p. 94.— PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 381 ; iv, p. 449 ; vi, p.
88 ; viii, p. 34.

Compared by Hupe with B. onca, a longer, thinner shell, and Ii.
taylorianns, from which the simple suture and coloring separate it.
Hidalgo says that the longitudinal lines are more irregular in lynci-
culns, some long, some short, and others interrupted, formed of
chestnut dots, which, over the rest of the surface, are sparsely scat-
tered.
P. SKMPERI Dohrn. PI. 37, figs. 92, 93, 94.

Shell rim ate, acuminate-oblong, obliquely regularly plicate-striate,
thin, semi-pellucid ; reddish-corneous, sparsely dotted and flamed
with brown. Spire somewhat acute, conic. Whorls 5?, slightly

AURIS. 95

convex, rapidly enlarging, the last elongated, deeply descending in
front, rounded at base. Aperture oblique, oval, concolored within ;
peristome white, somewhat thickened, narrowly expanded and re-
flexed, the margins joined by a whitish callus; columellar margin
dilated, half-covering the umbilical chink. (D.)

Alt. 43, diam. 18; aperture, alt. 11, width 13 mill.

Alt. 37, diam. 17 ; aperture, alt. 10, width 12i mill.

Sonson, prov. Antioquia, U. S. of Colombia (Wallis).

Bulimus semperi DOHRN, Jahrb., D. M. Ges., ix, 1882, p. 103,
pi. 3, f. 3-5.

Described from two specimens in O. temper's collection. It
stands rather isolated among the Colombian Eurytus species, and
resembles most B. floccosus Spix, in general figure ; but it differs
widely from all allied species in the unusually small aperture.

Genus AURIS Spix, 1827.

(== Pachyotus -j- Pelecychilus -f- Goniostomus -f- Anthinus of au-
thors).

Auris SPIX, Testacea Fluviatilia Brasiliensia, p. 13, (for A.
melastoma == Bulimus melanostomus Auctt.) ; also, p. 17, for A. sig-
nata ; and lower legend on pi. 12. — GRAY, List of the Genera of
Recent Mollusca, their Synonyma and Types, in P. Z. S., 1847, p.
175 (type Bui. melanostomus). Not Auris Klein, Tent. Meth. Ostr.,
175S,=Haliotis (pre-Linmean).

Pachyotus (in part) BECK, Index Molluscorum, p. 56 (for alope-
cotis = aurisvulpina, bilabiatm, melanostomus, rhodospira == ilhecola,
iostomiC). — GRAY, List of Genera, etc., P. Z. S., 1847, p. 175 (type
Vol. aurisvulpina). — HERRMANNSEN, Ind. Gen. Malac., ii, p. 187
(type B. melanostomus Swains.). — ALB., Die Hel., p. 148. — ALBERS-
MARTENS, Die Hel., 1860, p. 190 (type B. melanostomus Swains.).
Not "Pachyota Agas. in Charp., Cat. Moll. Suiss., 1837," so quoted
in Nomencl. Zool., Moll., p. 64, but not to be found in Charpen tier's
Catalogue.

Otostomus BECK (in part) Index Moll., p. 55 (for signatus, myotis
= aurismuris, lateralis and lagotis = aurisleporis, navicula).—
GRAY, List of Genera of Rec. Moll., their Syn. and Types, P. Z. S.,
1847, p. 174 (type .1. xijnata). — HERRMANNSEN, Ind. (Jen. Malac.,
ii, 1847-1849, pp. 179, 180 (type B. signatus~). Not Otostomus ALB.,
Die Hel., 1850, p. 152; ALB.-MART., Die Hel., 1860, p. 210 (type
aurisleporis^).

90 AURIS.

Gonyosiomus BECK (in part), Index Moll., p. 53, for gonyostoma
(Fer.) Sowb., concolor Bk., centiquadrus Val., multicolor (Rang)
King. — GRAY, List, etc., P. Z. S., 1847, p. 174 (type gonyostoma).

Stenostoma SPIX (in part), Test. Bras., 1827, not of Latr., 1810,
nor of Wagl., 1826.

Anthinus ALB., Die Hel., 1850, p. 149; ALB.-MART., p. 189,
type 7>. multicolor.

Pelecychilus Gldg., ALB.- MART., Die Hel., p. 188, not Pleko-
cheilus Guilding, 1828, see this volume, pp. 62, 64.

For anatomy see SEMPER, Reisen in Arch. Phil., Landmoll., pp.
151, 155 (bilabiatus, egregius, distortns*). BINNEY, Ann. N. Y.
Acad. Sci., iii, p. 114 (glaber, multicolor, egregius).

Shell ovate, oblong, or fusiform, Bulirnoid or Auricula-shaped,
solid, of opaque, earthy texture and usually light color; rimate,
perforate or umbilicate; always sculptured. Aperture about half
the length of the shell, varying from ovate to ear-shaped and con-
torted, often notched' or angular at base ; outer lip reflexed, evenly
arcuate or sinuous, often with a flange along its inner edge ; colum-
ella with a strong or weak entering fold. Nepionic shell very small.

Mantle-edge with a long left body-lobe, or a small right and
divided left lobe. Kidney short. Genital system without accessory
organs, the spermatheca duct long, flagellum wanting (? or rarely
present). Jaw plaited, the plaits few or many, and either almost
completely soldered together and appearing merely striate, or less
united and as in Plekocheilus. Dentition as in Plekocheilus, and
showing the same variation.

Type A. melastomus (Swains.) Spix.

Ground snails, as far as known, ranging from Venezuela and
Trinidad to southeastern Brazil, nearly all characterized by con-
spicuously earthy texture and peculiar modification of the aperture.

The genus is most nearly allied to Plekocheilus, the two groups
being separated upon shell characters alone, the anatomy, so far as
present information goes, affording no diagnostic differences. The
conchological divergence, however, is so great between the two
groups, that a union of them would seem a radical and uncalled-for
measure; while their separation as distinct genera is obviously an
aid to clear conceptions of the mutual relationships of the species
involved.

Al'RIS. '.'7

Most of the forms herein referred to the genus Yuri's have formed
part of the heterogeneous "genus" Bulimus of authors. 1 have
already shown the nucleus of that genus (j$trophocheihi8+ £orua -
Dryptus -f Thaumostus Pils. nee auctt.) to belong to the family
HELICID^E; while the genera Plekocheilus and Auris are now for
the first time sundered from " Bulinnis," and transferred to their
true family position in the BULIMULID^:. Regarding the content" of
the genus Auris, we must not overlook the fact that although the
component snbgenera have never hitherto been united in one com-
prehensive group, yet even by Beck and Albers they are not far
separated in the series ; while von Martens, whose genius for per-
ceiving natural groups in Pulmonata we are so often compelled to
admire, arranges the subgenera of Auris in uninterrupted order.

The name Auris rests upon a basis precisely similar to that of
of Strophocheilns (p. 4). It was proposed by Spix for two species,
A. melastoma and A. signata, which are placed by Wagner under
"Bulimus" melanostomus and "Auricula" signata. Spix's nomen-
clature appears also on the plate illustrating these species. No more
readily understood indication of the nature of Auris could be given ;
for good illustrations are held to define as well as the more formal
but frequently quite insufficient diagnosis. The later and better-
known name Pachyotus becomes a synonym of Auris; a fate we
deplore the less because the course taken by Gray in naming H. miris-
vulpina as type of Pachyotus, complicates the question of its use for
the South American group. Moreover, Gonyostomus and Otvxtomus
both precede Pachyotus in Beck's work, and the former of these
names would necessarily take precedence for the present genus were
it not for the prior and valid claim of Auris.

I have not seen specimens of A. spectrum or dillwyniana. The
former of them seems to be merely a variety of A. miclas. Of the
other species I have seen a good many specimens of all but A.perdix
Pfr. and A. hauxwelli Crosse, of these but few have been examined-

The species are illustrated on plates 38-44.

Key to Snbgenera of Auris.

I. Whorls of spire folded or plicate below sutures; form ovate.

AURIS, p. 98.
II. Whorls of spire not plicate.

a. Surface wrinkled, striate, or with long diamond-granulation.
b. Aperture two-thirds the alt., basin-shaped, lip with a
7

AURF8.

wide concave flange, OTOSTOMUS, p. 107.

Ib. Aperture oblong or sinuous, shorter, lips not concave

or basin-shaped, EUDOLICHOTIS, p. 108.

mi. Surface finely granulated spirally; lip narrow, not sinuous

or calloused, GONYOSTOMUS, p. 121.

Subgenus AURIS Spix (s. str.).

(=Auris plus Pachyotus, Bulimus of authors).

Shell umbilicate or rimate, ovate, rather stout, the whorls of the
spire distinctly plicate or folded below the sutures, last whorl with or
without oblique folds. Aperture ovate, the lip broadly reflexed,
often bearing a callous flange. Columella with an oblique fold.
Whorls 4 2 to 5-L Type A. melastoma Swains.

Distribution, Province of Bahia, Brazil.

The typical group of Auris consists of rather large ovate species
with a series of folds below the' sutures, a structure not existing in
the other subgenera. Aside from this, there is much in common
with Eudolichotis and Otostomus, especially the flange within the outer
lip, the tendency to form a basal notch or sinus, and the general
coloration.

Nearly every species of this subgenus occurs under two forms,
usually identical in shape, but remarkably distinct in coloring of
the mouth parts, and so far as my material shows, there are no in-
termediate examples. It is not improbable that this is purely a case
of dimorphism, and the forms have no truly varietal status; but as
the question has not before been adequately discussed, and observa-
tions bearing upon it by naturalists who have seen the species in
their native forests are lacking, I have considered the interests of
science best served by formal recognition of the several divergent
forms, leaving open the question of their status, as one which I have
no means of deciding. Compare, in this connection, Dohrn's re-
marks in Jahrbiicher d. D. Malak.Gesellsch., x, pp. 348, 349 (1883).

A study of well-preserved specimens of " Eu/liim*" aurisvulpina
of St. Helena, convinces me that Fischer was entirely right in
removing that species from the Pdvhi/otu* group. Its conchological
features forbid any association of the St. Helena species with South
American Bulimi.

AURIS. 99

Key to species and varieties of Auris.

I. Parietal wall and lip bearing an erect callous flange,

a. Body-whorl with high, long oblique ridges separated by

concave intervals,
b. Peristome white and yellow ; columella white,

bilabiata.
bb. Peristome black and yellow ; colymella black,

v. melanostoma.

aa. Ribs on body-whorl shorter, subobsolete ; form more
obese.

b. Peristome and columella light, egregia.

bb, Peristome and columella black, v. nigrilubris.

II. No flange on parietal wall ; outer lip flattened or convex,

a. Lip, columella and interior of mouth very dark ; a basal

notch ; dark spots between ribs on spire,
b. Groundcolor white; flange within outer lip long;
a tooth at base of columella melastoma.

bb. Ground color fleshy ; flange short, basal ; no tooth
on columella v. brachyplax.

aa. Interior of aperture and the lip white or partly white,

b. Columella rather straight ; intervals between ribs
on spire white or gray ; surface not distinctly and
evenly granulate.

c. A notch at base of columella ; columella and
lip white, golden-brown toward outer edge,

chrysostoma.

cc. No notch ; columella and flange on lip black,

v. sivainsoni.

ccc. No notch ; columella and lip white ; sculp-
ture peculiar, bernardii.
bb. Columella twisted ; intervals between ribs on spire
dark ; surface very distinctly, evenly granulate,

illheocola.

A. BILABIATA Broderip & Sowerby. PI. 39, figs. 10, 11, 12, 13.

Shell perforate, ovate-conic, solid, opaque and calcareous. AVhite
or pink, generally showing two dark clouds behind the lip, and
often irregularly spotted with brown on the body- whorl. Sculptured
with prominent obliquely descending ridges, generally seven to nine
on last whorl, and not extending to suture above, more or less obso-

100 AUR1S.

lete on the base, which is defined by a blunt keel ; earlier whorls
with strong but short subsutural ribs ; the latter 2 whorls with a
fine secondary sculpture of closely netted longitudinal wrinkles.
Apex white, somewhat obtuse, with a terminal comma-shaped pit.
Whorls 5.

Aperture vertical, about half the shell's length, contracted, ear-
shaped, white or white and brown within; lip broadly reflexed, sin-
uous, white or ochraceous-brown ; the inner edge of lip and colu-
mella produced fonvard beyond the reflexion in a callous flange which
is continued upon the parietal wall to the upper angle of aperture,
and surrounds the cavity except for a sinus at the upper curve of the
outer lip. Columella ivhite, with a strong oblique fold ; parietal
wall white, ivith a yellow or ocJiraceons outer border.

Alt. 48, diam. 29-31 mill.

Brazil, at Bahia (Castelnau) and Ilheos (Moricand).

Bulinus bilabiatus BROD. & SOWB., Zool. Journ., v, p. 49, suppl.
pi. 40, f. 1, 2 (1829). — Bulimus bilabiatus DESK, in Lam., An. s.
Vert., viii, p. 261, (1838) ; and in Fer.,Hist., ii, p. 65, pi. 152, f. 6-
8.— PFR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 35, pi. 5, f. 10, 11 ; Monogr., ii, p. 91 ;
iii, p. 371 (excl. var.); iv, p. 439 ; vi, p. 76. — REEVE, Conch. Icon.,
pi. 33, f. 201. — HUPE in Anim. Nouv. ou rares rec. pendant 1'Ex-
ped. dans 1'Amer. du Sud, sous la direction du Compte F. de Castel-
nau, Moll., p. 58, pi. 6, f. 1, la. — Helix maximiliana FER. in coll.,
and of MORICAND, Mem. de la Soc. de Phys. et d'Hist. Nat. de
Geneve, vii, 1836, p. 431, ?pl. 2, f. 20, scalariform monstrosity (ex-
clusive of var. minor~). — Partula maximiliana POT. & MICH., Gale-
rie des Moll. Mus. de Douai, i, p. 198, pi. 20, f. 5, 6 (1838).— Pachy-
otus bilabiatus BECK, Index, p. 56.

One of the most remarkable Bulimoid snails, peculiar in the
strong oblique ridges separated by concave intervals, and the erect
callous flange around the aperture. The sculpture is far stronger
than in the following species.

Two forms occur, indistinguishable as to shape, but apparently
different in color at all stages of growth. Whether these are real
subspecies, or merely two phases of a single dimorphic stock, we
have no certain means of determining at present. The differences
are not due to age, the young shells also sharing them.
A. bilabiate typical. PI. 39, figs. 10, 11.

Flange around the mouth and across parietal wall yellow, ochra-
ceous or white; outer edge of parietal wall yellow; columella and
parietal wall within the ffange white.

AURIS. 101

A. bil<ibial<( var. melanostoma IMoricaiid. PI. 39, figs. 12, 13.

Flange around the mouth, with columella and parietal wall,
black.

Ilheos, Brazil (Moric.).

Helix maximiliana Fer. var. melanostoma MORIC., Mem. Soc.
Geneve, vii, p. 431 (1836).

Figure 12 represents a young shell which has not formed the
flange, but shows the black parietal wall and columella characteris-
tic of this variety.

The following figures represent this form : Conch. Cab., pi. 5, f.
10, 11 ; Fer., Hist., pi. 152, f. 6 ; Rve., f. 201 b. The other figures
cited above illustrate the typical bilabial".

A. EGREGIA Jay. PI. 39, figs. 14, 15, 16.

Shell perforate, ovate-conic, obese, solid, opaque and cretaceous.
Pink or white, often marked with brown on latter part of body-
whorl, and occasionally sparsely spotted. Earlier whorls with short,
wide spaced vertical folds under sutures, the last whorl showing
more or less distinct, short, obliquely descending folds above the
periphery, often nearly obsolete ; the base defined by an obtuse keel ;
surface everywhere finely roughened. Whorls about 4*.

Aperture vertical, white within, ear-shaped ; lip broadly reflexed,
thin-edged ; inner margin produced forward in a callous flange,
which is continued across the parietal wall, and forms an elevated
rim surrounding the aperture except for a wide sinus at the upper
curve of outer lip. Peristome white or faintly yellow ; columellar
fold and parietal wall white.

Alt. 38, diam. 25 mill.

Alt. 33, diam. 21* mill.

Brazil, Ilheos (Moricand) ; Prov. Bahia (Castelnau).

Pupa egregia JAY, Catal. Rec. Shells in coll. John C. Jay, M. D.,
edit. 2, 1836, [p. 81], pi. 1, f. 4, 4. — Helix maximiliana var. minor
MORICAND, Mem. de la Soc. Phys. et d'Hist. Nat. de Geneve, vii, p.
431 (1836) ; also viii, p. 141, pi. 3, f. 4 (living animal). Figure
copied in M. E. Gray's Figs. Moll. Anirn., pi. 302, f. 6. — Bulimus
egregius MORCH, Catal. Yoldi, p. 28. — HUPE in Castelnau's Ex-
ped. Moll., p. 58, pi. 6, f. 2 ; pi. 9, f. 3.— B. bilabiatus var. B. PFR.,
Monogr, ii, p. 91 ; conf. Mai. Bl., v, 1858, p. 167.

102 AURIS.

Similar to ^1. bilabiata, but with the oblique folds of the last
whorl far less developed, never extending below the periphery. The
secondary sculpture also is less developed, and it is smaller than
ordinary specimens of bilabiata.

This species exhibits two phases or two varieties exactly parallel
to those of A. bilabiata, and evidently having the same status.
Whether the variations in these species are comparable to the white
and the pink mouthed forms of Strophocheilus ovatiis, oblongvs, etc.,
remains to be seen. I desire merely to direct attention to the ap-
parently constant differences observed.

Typical egregia Jay. PI. 39, figs. 14, 15.

Peristome white orisabella-yellow, the outer edge of parietal wall
yellow or brownish, columella and parietal wall within the flange
white.

Var. nigrilabris Pils. PI. 39, f. 16.

Flange round the mouth, the whole parietal wall and the colu-
mella black.

A. MELASTOMA Swainsoii. PI. 39, figs. 17, 18.

Shell perforate or umbilicate, ovate-conic, solid and earthy.
White or fleshy-brown, irregularly variegated in coarse pattern with
brown, having a paler band below the periphery ; the spire with,
purple- black spaces betiveen the folds ; mouth and peristome very
dark. Surface coarsely and flatly granulate in irregular pattern,
most distinctly so on the base, the granulation obsolete above; spire
with a series of strong folds below the suture, disappearing on the
body-whorl or on its latter part. Whorls 5, convex.

Aperture vertical, ovate, black within; lip flatly reflexed, wide,
purplish with a brown edge, or blackish-brown, the inner edge of outer
and basal margins thickened within, forming a rim or flange, inter-
rupted by a squarish notch or sinus at foot of the columella. Colum-
ella rounded, curving forward, its inner edge nearly straight, bear-
ing a light denticle at base. Parietal wall lined far imnird n-lth
intense black-brown.

Alt. 50-55, diam. 30 mill.
Alt. 46, diam. 27 mill.

Province of Eahia (Swainson) ; environs of Balna (Moricand,
Challenger) ; Rio Jitnrirn (Martinez).

AURIS. 103

Bulimus melastomus SWAINS., Zool. Illustrations, i, pi. 4 (182<' .
— Bulimus melanostomus DESK, in Fer., Hist., p. 66, pi. 152, f. 4,5 ;
in Lam., An. s. Vert., p. 252. — JAY, Catalogue, edit. 2, pi. 1, f. 3.—
PFR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 37, pi. 13, f. 8, 9, 10, 11 ; pi. 5, f. 8, 9 ; Mono-
graphia, ii, p. 91 ; iii, 371 ; iv, 439 ; vi, 77. — REEVE, Conch. Icon.,
pi. 33, f. 203c.— Smitti.f.Z.S. 1884, p. 280.— HIDALDO, Journ. Conch.
1870, p. 46. — Auris mefastoma SPIX, Test. Bras. p. 13, pi. 12, f. 1,
2. — Bulimus listeri WOOD, Ind. Test. SuppL, pl.7,f. 23. — B. rhodo-
spirus POT. & MICH., Galerie Moll. Mus. de Douai,i, p. 152, pi. 15,
f. 1, 2. (1838). — Helix rhodospira var. vulgaris MORICAND, Mem.
Soc. Phys. et d'Hist. Nat. Geneve, vii, 1836, p. 128, pi. 2, f. 29 (egg).
— Pachyotus melanostomus BECK, Index Moll., p. 56. — Pupa melan-
ostoma GRAY, Ann. of Philos. (u. ser.) ix, p. 413. — Bulimus struthio-
laris MKE., Syn. Meth. Moll. Mus. Meukeano, edit. 2, 1830, p. 2<!,
founded on Spix's figures. — Bulla variegata SILVEIR, (where?) teste
Menke, I.e. (Con/r. LISTER, pi. 29,f.27,Buccinumvariegatum,etc.~).
Not Bulimus variegatus ¥>v\\g.=Adceon flammeus Gmel.

Differs conspicuously from A. swainsoni, bernardii and illheocola
in the dark lip and aperture. The flange within the outer lip is
generally more conspicuous and prolonged upward further than in
swainsoni, but there is great variation in this character. Moricand
and Reeve have included swainsoni and illheocola as varieties of mel-
anostoma.

Typical A. melastoma Swains. PI. 39, fig. 17.

Ground-color of shell white or whitish ; outer lip purplish, with a
brown or yellow border ; flange long, extending to upper curve of
the outer lip; a denticle at foot of columella.

Var. brachyplax Pils. PL 39, fig. 18.

Ground-color of shell flesh-colored or brownish ; flange much
shorter, basal ; no denticle at foot of columella ; subsutural folds obso-
lete on body- whorl. Size smaller. Alt. 44, diam. 28 mill.

As in the case of A. bilabiata, I cannot decide on the merits of the
above varietal form, but merely place the facts on record.

A. CHRYSOSTOMA Moricand. PL 38, figs. 6, 7.

Shell perforate, ovate-conic, solid and cretaceous; whitish with
irregular or interrupted longitudinal brown stripes, a pale zone below
the periphery, the spire pale fleshy without black spots between the
subsutural folds. Surface superficially granular, more distinctly so

104 AURIS.

on base, the whorls of spire strongly plicate below the sutures, folds
wanting1 or reduced to ripples on body-whorl, which is faintly keeled
at the subperipheral light band. Whorls 5-5-} ; suture margined.

Aperture vertical, white within (or black toward peristome) ; a
more or less obvious rounded notch or sinus at junction of colum-
ella with basal lip ; outer lip broadly reflexed and recurved, white
with a golden brown outer border its inner edge bearing a slight in-
ward-projecting rim or flange, which may be either black or white ;
outer margin of the basal lip usually produced downward in a lobe.
Parietal wall white within, with a wide black outer band, the colum-
ella heavy, slightly convex, white (or in specimens with black flange
within outer lip, the columella and entire parietal wall are black).

Alt. 60, diam. 38 mill.

Alt. 53, diam. 33 mill.

Environs of Bahia, Brazil (Moricand).

Helix (Cochlogena) rhodospira var. chrysostoma MORIC., Mem.
Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. de Geneve, vii, 1836, p. 428.—Bulimus
swainsoniPFR., Zeitsch. f. Malak., 1845, p. 156; Conchy]. Cab., p.
193, pi. 56, f. 9; Monogr. ii, p. 92 ; iii, 371 ; iv, 439 ; vi,77.— DESH.
Fer., Hist., p. H6, pi. 152, f. 1, 2. — B. melanostoma var. REEVE, C.
Icon., pi. 33, f. 203a. — Balimus melanostomus var. SOWB., Conch.
Illust., f. 88. — Bui. melanostomus #<-<i/fni* DOHRN, Jahrb. d. D.
Malak. Gesel. x, pi. 11, f. 4.

This species has generally been known by the name given by
Pfeiffer in 1845, but it was first described by Moricand as a variety
of rhodospira (melastoma) in 1836.

While closely allied to melftstoma, it differs from that species in
lacking black spots between the folds on the spire, and in the greater
prevalence of white in the aperture and on the outer lip. As in all
preceding species of this genus, there are two color-varieties.

Typical chrysostoma Moric., pi. 38, fig. 6, in which the slight rim
or flange within the lip, the columella, and the inner part of the
parietal wall are white, and there is a more or less distinct basal
notch.

Yar. sivuinsoni Pfr., pi. 38, fig. 7, in which the entire parietal wall,
the columella, and the inner margin of lip are black, and the baso-
columellar curve while abrupt, is not excavated into a notch or
sinus.

AURIS. 105

All of the published figures cited in the above references represent
the var. swainsoni; typical chrysostoma being, we believe, illus-
trated here for the first time. In some large specimens of swainsoni,
the basal lip is much produced, like the lobe of the ear ; this being
shown in a specimen before me and in the figure of Fc'russac. The
coloration is more mottled in these than in typical chnjsostoma. and
shows a sparse sprinkling of small, intense brown round spots.
Specimens of both chrysostoma and sivainsoni are before me from
Bahia.

A. BER-N ARDII Pfeifter. PI. 38, figs. 8, 9.

Shell perforate, ovate-conic, solid and opaque, fleshy-white with
bold undulating brown longitudinal stripes, in places broken or dis-
located, and below the periphery interrupted by a pale band ; the
spire pale, without black spots between the folds, the apex white.
Surface sruoothish, but peculiarly sculptured by obliquely-descending
series of long granules (pi. 38, fig. 8) ; the base more densely granu-
late, the granules crowded as in A. illheocola. Whorls of spire
strongly plicate below the sutures, which are slightly crenulated.
Whorls 5 i.

Aperture ovate, vertical, white within, with dark marbling cor-
responding to the external coloration ; lip broadly and rather flatly
reflexed, recurved, white, with a narrow yellowish outer edge ;
inner margin slightly thickened, but without a distinct rim or
flange. Columella oblique, straight, forming an angle with basal
lip but not notched at base. Parietal wall black. Alt. 60, diam.
34 mill.

Province of Bahia, Brazil (R. Swift).

Bulirnus bernardii PFE.., Malak. Bl., iii, 1856, p. 52 ; Novit. Conch,
i, p. 118, pi. 33, f. 3-5 ; Monogr., iv, p. 440.

This species is the rarest form of the restricted subgenus Auris.
It differs from A. illheocola in color-pattern, sculpture, less lengthened
form and straight columella. A. bernardii is most nearly allied to
A. chrysostoma, differing from the typical form of that species in the
less developed hardly noticeable rim or flange within the lip, the
absence of any trace of a notch at base of columella, and the exten-
sion of black inward upon the parietal wall. A. bernardii differs
from A. chrysostoma var. swainsoni in the white lip and columella
and lack of a lobe on the basal lip; agreeing with swain so ni in
absence of the basal notch.

106 AURIS.

The minute sculpture of bernardii, as shown in fig. 8, differs from
that of the allied species, but occasional specimens of chrysostoma
seem to offer an approach to it in pattern. The species is a critical
one, not to be hastily judged on the evidence of the two specimens
known to Pfeiffer, and the single one before me, these being so far as
I know, the only examples on record.

A. ILLHEOCOLA Moricand. PI. 39, fig. 19.

Shell perforate, lengthened ovate-conic, thin or moderately solid.
Fleshy-pink, closely and indistinctly striped or netted with a slightly
darker shade, the spaces between folds on the spire dark. Surface
conspicuously and densely granulated except on earlier whorls, the
granules lighter, elongated, and readily visible with the naked eye.
Whorls of the spire with a series of conspicuous folds below the
sutures, which are finely crenulated. Whorls 5£.

Aperture ovate, subvertical, white or nearly so inside (but in
immature shells showing conspicuous brown stripes) ; lip broadly re-
flexed, its face convex ; white, with a yellow outer border, sometimes
very pale ; no trace of a flange on inner edge of lip, and the columella
curves into basal lip without any indication of a notch. Columella
white, convex and twisted ; parietal wall white within, bordered
by a wide black band.

Alt. 59, diam. 31 mill.

Jlheos, Province of Bahia, Brazil.

Helix, (Cochlogena') rhodospira var. illheocola MORICAND, Mem.
Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. de Geneve, vii, p. 428 (1836).— Bulimus
illheocola PFR., Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1845, p. 156 ; Conchyl. Cab., p.
194, pi. 56, f. 10; Monogr., ii, p. 92; iii, 371 ; iv, 439; vi, 77.-
Bulinus melanostomusvar. f SOWB., Conchol. Illustr., f. 79. — Bulimus
melanostoma REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 33, f. 203b. — DESK, in Fer.,
pi. 152, f. 3.

Differs from all the preceding species in the coarser and more
regular granulation, more lengthened contour, and more roseate suf-
fusion. There is no trace of an inner lip-flange, nor of a basal notch.
The subsutural folds do not often extend as far down as the hody-
whorl ; and the color pattern is subdued in tone, much less distinct
than in chrysodoma and bernardii.

Pfeiffer records a specimen measuring alt. 69, diam. 33 mill. ; last
whorl more ventricose. Is the assigned alt. an error?

AURIS-OTOSTOMTS. 107

Subgenus OTOSTOMUS Beck, 1837.

(For references see p. 95).

Shell obliquely ovate, of solid cretaceous texture, umbilicate ;
spire smooth without folds or rib-striae; aperture oblong, produced
forward below, two-thirds the shell's length ; peristome basin-shaped,
the outer lip broadly reflexed, with an inner concave flange, the
columella with a strong, plate-like fold. Type Auris signata.

The only known species inhabits the Province of Bahia, Brazil.
The flajiged lip, fold-bearing columella, and solid, cretaceous texture,
all indicate the close relationship of this form to the typical Auris
and to Eiufalichotis, and sunder it from such forms as B tdimus auris-
leporis.

The type of Otostomns was expressly stated by Gray and by Herr-
mannsen as early as 1847, to be A. signata. The subsequent selec-
tion of aurisleporis as type of Otostomus by von Martens (1860) can-
not therefore be held valid.

A. SIGNATA Spix. PI. 40, fig. 20.

Shell umbilicate-rimate, ear-shaped, solid, strong and opaque, cal-
careous ; white or nearly so, with four wide brown spiral bands, often
much interrupted or transformed into vertical streaks; spire white
or whitish, the apex black, several early whorls with a black sub-
sutural band, rarely lacking. Surface lusterless, roughened by very
irregular longitudinal wrinkles. Spire conic, short, apex obtuse;
whorls 5, the last oblong, distorted.

Aperture two-thirds the shell's length, oblong, oblique, produced
forward below, the opening very much contracted ; peristome white,
broadly reflexed, thick, its face basin-shaped, widened within by a
broad concave flange extending from base to above middle of outer
lip, its edge often weakly crenulated ; columellar margin reflexed,
thick, long and straight, its inner edge showing a rounded sinus be-
low and a wide lamellar fold above ; parietal wall short, covered
with a white callus. Alt. 41, diarn. 23 mill.

Province of Bahia, Br«~il.

Auris signata SPIX, Test. Bras., p. 17, pi. 12, f. 3.—Auri* viflnta
SPIX, 1. c., f. 4. — Auricula signata WAGNER, in Spix, p. 17. — Helix
signata MORIC., Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, vii, p. 431.-
Bulimus signatus DESK, in Lam., An. s. Vert, viii, p. 254; in F<T.,
Hist., ii, ]>. 64, pi. 152, f. 15-18.— GRATELOUP, Actes Soc. Linn.
Bord.,xi, p. 422, pi. 2, f. 13.— PFR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 145, pi. 18, f.

108 AURIS-EUDOLICHOTIS.

14, 1 •") ; Monogr., ii, p. 90 ; iii, 376 ; iv, 445 ; vi, 80. — REEVE, Conch.
Icon., pi. •')•"), f. 200. — Otostomus aignatus BECK, Index, p. 55.

A peculiarly isolated species, having somewhat the hunch-backed
shape of some Auriculas. Its nearest allies are the forms included
in the following subgenus. The apical whorls, when unworn, show
an excessively minute and superficial grated sculpture, as in
J)i->iu>(.Kii3. The anatomy is unknown.

The form having longitudinal bands was called vittata by Spix,
but it seems to be merely an extreme pattern formed by the interrup-
tion of the irregular spiral bands of ordinary specimens.

Subgenus EUDOLICHOTIS Pilsbry, 1896.

Pelecycliilus Guildiug, ALBERS- MARTENS in Die Heliceen, 1860,
p. 188 (exclusive of last species). Not Plekocheilus Guilding.

Shell fusiform or long-ovate, umbilicate ; striped or variegated
with brown on a light ground. Whorls 4$-5z, slightly convex, the
last either pinched at base and behind the lip or rounded. Aperture
about half the length of the shell, ear shaped, the outer lip reflexed,
sinuous, usually thickened within ; columella with an oblique fold,
often very strong. Surface sir late or diamond-granulate, never with
spirally arranged granules, some whorls of spire rib-striate. Type
A. distorta Brug.

Distribution, Venezuela, Trinidad and some adjacent islands ;
Para, Brazil. Living on trees.

The shells of this group have much in common with the Auri*
species, .4. (Eudolichotis) sinuata having the basal notch as in Auris
melastoma, and ^4. (Eudolichotis') midas recalling Auris illheocola.
Eudolichotis is also allied to Gonyostomus, but differs markedly in
the style of sculpture and the sinuous or calloused peristome.

The species are all excessively mutable, the range of individual
variation almost connecting some species which are typically very
unlike. In many cases strong variations occur indiscriminately
among individuals from one locality, and are not correlated
with geographic range ; thus the specimens of .4. sinuata or A.
euryomphulus which I have figured are all from the same place. In
A. distorta and A. glabra an attempt has been made to diagnose
racial forms ; but series of specimens with geographic data which
would ordinarily be held sufficient for satisfactory specific work, are
in Emlolichotis comparatively inconclusive. The results recorded be-

AURIS-EUDOLICHOTIS. 109

low are based upon a study of a large number of shells of nearly all
the species ; but no very large portion of the area probably inhab-
ited by these species is covered by my series, nor by the specimens
studied by other authors.

It is hardly necessary to state that the " key " here presented
merely gives suggestions as to the identity of any given specimen.
No key can be made which will open to us the labyrinth of varia-
tions— more tortuous than King Minos' Cretan maze — which sur-
rounds the " specific types " of this company.

Key to species of Eudolichotis.

I. Outer lip sinuous, contracted or straightened in the middle,
a. Aperture long and narrow, produced at base.

b. Lip narrow, not calloused ; brown with white zigzag
hydrophanous lines ; papillose, hauxivelli, p. 120.

bb. Lip wider, calloused ; no hydrophanous markings ; not
papillose ; base of shell pinched,

distorta (p. 109), aurissciuri, p. 112.
act. Aperture shorter and wider, hardly produced below,

ijlabra (p. 113), lacerta, p. 115.
II. Outer lip arcuate, not contracted in the middle.

a. Base decidedly pinched ; lip thickened within toward the
base, where there is a notch.
b. Large, solid, finely rugose ; striped and speckled,

xitinata, p. 116.
bb. Small, thinner, smoothisb ; zigzag-streaked,

enryompluda, p. 116.

aa. Base not distinctly pinched ; outer lip not distinctly cal-
loused, with no basal notch,

perdix (p. 118), dilhci/ii!<in<t (p. 118), Hildas, p. 119.

A. DISTORTA Bruguiere. PL 40. figs. 21-32.

Shell oblong-fusiform, umbilicate or perforate, solid and strong.
Light yellow or whitish, with brown longitudinal stripes, which
may be narrow and distinct or wide, zigzag, flecked with whitish or
variously interrupted; sometimes tawny-brown throughout; or
brown, blotched with white. Surface rib-striate on spire, the last
whorl cut into coarse diamond- shaped granules, especially on the
back. Whorls 5i, gently convex, the latter half of the last strongly

110 AURIS-EUDOLICHOTIS.

compressed, and excavated behind the peristome ; suture rather
shallow, regularly descending, somewhat margined below.

Aperture half the total length or more, long and narrow, the opening
very much contracted and sinuous. Peristome white (or deep brown),
broadly reflexed ; outer lip arcuate above, then contracted and bear-
ing a blunt projection within ; its lower two-thirds widened by an
internal thickening; columellar lip reflexed, sinuous, bearing a very
strong entering fold ; basal margin contracted, channelled ; parietal
callus moderate.

Alt. 54, diam. 23 mill.

Alt. 56, diam. 21 mill.

Puerto Cabello, La Guayra, Caracas, Chino, on banana leaves ;
Caripe ; Ejido, etc., Venezuela.

Auris Midas distorta CHEMN., Conchyl. Cab., x, p. 146, pi. 149,
f. 1395-96.— Bulimus distortus BRUG., Encycl. Meth., i, p. 344.-
PFR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 45, pi. 14, f. 1, 2 ; Monogr., ii, p. 88 ; iii, 372 ;
iv, 441 ; vi, 78.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 54, f. 358.— MARTENS,
Die Binnenmollusken Venezuela's, in Festschrift zur Feier des 100
jahrigeu Bestehens der Gesellsch. Naturforsch. Freunde zu Berlin,
1873, p. 175. — Voluta australis var. DILLW., Descr. Catal., 1, p.
500. — Helix ( Cochlogena) distorta FER., Prodr., no. 443. — Peleko-
cheilus distortus BECK, Index, p. 54. — Pupa distorta GRAY, Ann. of
Philos., n. ser., ix, p. 412. — Otostomus (Pelecychilus) distortus SEM-
PER, Reisen im Archip. Phil., p. 155, pi. 15, f. 3 ; pi. 17, f. 2 (an-
atomy).— Plecochilus guairensis JOUSSEAUME, Mem. Soc. Zool.
France, ii, p. 244, pi. 9, f. 11 (1889).

An extremely variable species, differing from its allies mainly in
having the mouth more contracted.

Typical A. distorta (pi. 40, figs. 24, 25, 26) is an abundant spe-
cies in the neighborhood of Puerto Cabello. It is large (about 55
mill, alt., but sometimes smaller, at times as large as 72 mill.), very
distinctly diamond-granuled on the back, with pinched basal keel,
a capacious pit and trench behind the outer lip, and an extremely
contracted aperture, the very strong, transverse columellar fold ap-
proaching near to the boss within the outer lip. In most specimens
the lip and columellar fold are white, parietal callus translucent ;
but many occur with the fold partly brown, and the parietal callus
dark. These lead toward the rarer form in which the whole peris-
tome is intense brown (fig. 32, specimen from Arva).

AURIS-EUDOLICHOTIS. Ill

Var. suBL-asvis Pils. (pi. 40, fig. 30, from Arva, figs. 28, 29, from
Puerto Cabello, and fig. 27, from La Guayra) is constantly smaller
(alt. 34-42 mill.) and smootlier; lip white or black-brown ; external
coloration creamy, cream and brown, or white and purplish, some
examples being boldly maculated. Form of aperture typical, or
with a callus buttress below outer end of columellar fold (fig. 27).

Var GRACILIS Pils. (pi. 40, fig. 31). Lengthened and slender,
smoothish, the sculpture sub-obsolete on body-whorl, except at base ;
basal keel strongly pinched, as in typical distorta, but no noticeable
pit or' trench behind outer lip. Fleshy, with narrow, spaced,
obliquely descending dark stripes. Aperture less than half the
alt. ; outer lip scarcely sinuous ; columellar fold strong, compressed
and more horizontal than in the type. Suture conspicuously mar-
gined.

Alt. 41, diam. 15 mill.

Alt. 38, diam. 14 mill.

Described from specimens in the R. Swift collection in Mus. A.
N. S. P., received by him from Maracaibo, and believed by him to
be from Cucuta, Prov. Pamplona, U. S. Columbia. It has the
slender contour of var. guairensis, and the pinched basal keel of
typical distorta.

Var. GUAIRENSIS Jousseaume. (pi. 40, fig. 21, Jousseaume's type,
and 22, from La Guayra ; fig. 23, from Caracas.) Smaller, more
lengthened and more slender than the typical distorta ; base less
pinched. Color whitish or fleshy, clouded longitudinally with
purplish-brown. Surface strongly sculptured with longitudinal
close wrinkle-strise, conspicuous below sutures, more or less broken
into long granules on body-whorl, which is less compressed than
in distorta and scarcely excavated behind outer lip.

Aperture generally less than half the alt. of shell, the opening
less sinuous, less contracted than in distorta. Outer lip less thick-
ened inside and but slightly sinuous ; basal margin less contracted ;
parietal fold rather more horizontal, and often with a callus below
its outer end. Lip white ; parietal wall generally brownish within.

Alt. 40, diam. 15 mill.

Alt. 45, diam. 16 mill.

La Guayra (Simon ! Swift) ; Caracas (F. Cocking !) ; Puerto
Cabello (Starke ! in Swift Colin.).

112 AURIS-EUDOLICHOTIS.

The slender form, vertically plicatulate sculpture, less pinched
base, less sinuous outer lip and consequent lack of excavation be-
hind it, would entitle this to rank as a species distinct from distorta
were it not for the intermediate specimens I have seen, which do
not allow me to retain it specifically apart.

Var. BISUTURALIS Pils. PI. 44, figs. 81, 82.

Shell with the spire more slender and ivhorls more convex than in
A. distorta, solid, fleshy or buff whitish, with a few oblique stripes
or none. Surface with the growth-wrinkles somewhat sinuous or
interrupted on the last whorl, about as in A. glabra. Whorls 5£,
separated by impressed sutures, which are bordered below by a nar-
row margin defined by a distinct groove; the last whorl compressed
at base and behind the peristome.

Aperture more open than in any other form of .4. distorta, much as
in A. glabra, the outer lip less calloused within than in A. distorta
var. guairensis ; base moderately produced. Columella with the
usual convex fold, bearing a rather deep-seated, narrow, subhori-
zontal callous flange on its lower edge. Parietal wall white or
faintly brownish.

Alt. 44, diam. 18 mill.

Alt. 40], diam. 17-19 mill.

San Jose de Cucuta, Colombia (E. S. Penny, in Swift Coll.).

The aperture is more open and the columellar fold is very much
less developed than in ^4. distorta ; but the compressed base and
form of the columellar fold forbid a union with A. glabra. Five
specimens examined.

A larger specimen, more variegated with brown, and without the
superimposed narrow callus on the columella, but still, in my opin-
ion, referable to this subspecies, is before me, labelled " Bogota, N.
G., J. Akhurst."

A. AURISSCIURI Guppy. PI. 41, figs. 42, 43, 44.

Shell umbilicate, ovate-fusiform, generally rather thin and diaph-
anous, sometimes more solid and opaque. Whitish, with obliquely-
descending stripes of brown or purple-brown, sometimes interrupted
and anastomosing. Surface smoothish, i-ather faintly wrinkle-striate,
the stride more or less broken into diamond-granules on the base.
Whorls slightly over 5, the last flattened and more or less excavated
behind the lip, the base prolonged and decidedly pinched.

AURIS-EUDOLICHOTIS. 113

Aperture over half the alt., long and narrow, faintly showing the
stripes within, contracted in the middle. Peristome narrowly reflexed,
thin, white; outer lip narrow and arcuate above, then gently bent
inward, its lower two-thirds wider, with a median and a loiver slight
inward widening ; base narrow, prolonged, guttered within; col-
umella vertical, sinuous, with a dark convex fold above, surmounted
by a white callous fold, and an inconspicuous inward thickening be-
low; a visible gutter at junction of columella with parietal walk
Parietal wall covered with a deep brown, thin callus.

Alt. 38, diam. 17 mill.

Alt. 34, diam. 15 mill.

Alt. 30, diam. 13 mill.

Trinidad, on trees (Gill, Guppy).

Bulimus cegotis Mke., PFEIFFER, Conchyl. Cab., p. 43, pi. 13, f.
5, 6. Not B. cegotis Menke, 1830. — PlekocheilusaurissciiiriGupPV,
Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), xvii, 1866, p. 51 ; COM/. Proc. Sci. Asso.
Trinidad, 1866, p. . — B. glaber var. aurissciuri GUPPY, Journal
of Conchology, Leeds, vii, p. 218(1892). — Bulimus (Plekocheilus)
auris-sciuri BLAND, Amer. Journ. Conch., iv, 1868, p. 182. — PFR.,
Monogr., viii, p. 110. — Bnlimns (Plecochilits~) auris-sciuri CROSSE,
Journal de Conchyliologie, 1890, p. 41. — Biilimulus auris-sciuri
PACE, Proc. Malac. Soc. Lond., i, p. 151, 152, figs, i-iv (Anatomy).

Closely allied to A. glabra, but the mouth is longer, more pro-
duced and narrow below, and the shell thinner with strongly pinched
base as in A. distorta. It may be found to intergrade with glabra,
however, in which case the Trinidad form will stand as a subspecies
or variety, as Guppy ranks it in his latest consideration of the
subject.

This form was first described and figured by PfeifFer, many years
ago as B. cegotis Menke, the type being from Menke's collection ;
but Menke had previously used the name B. cegotis as an equivalent
of Volida glabra Gmel., thus preventing the later definition of the
form in his collection under the same name.

A. GLABRA Gmelin. PI. 41, figs. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37.

Shell perforate, ovate-fusiform, solid and strong; whitish, with
numerous longitudinal purple-brown stripes, usually waved, and as
wide as the light intervals; the spire often flesh colored. Surface
smoothish, weakly wrinkle-striate, more strongly so on the back of
body-whorl, where the stria? are undulating and in places somewhat
8

114 AURIS-EUDOLICHOTIS.

dislocated, forming long granules. Whorls 5J, slightly convex, with
well-marked suture which is narrowly margined on last whorl. No
pit or groove behind the outer lip.

Aperture slightly over half the shell's length, a little oblique,
oblong; peristome narrowly reflexed throughout, and thick, white
or isabelline ; outer lip regularly curved or slightly bent inward at
the middle, a trifle thickened within from the middle down ; basal
margin narrowly rounded or subangular. Columella widened
above, bearing an obliquely entering fold, strong, high and white-
calloused in adult specimens. Parietal wall and root of columella
black-brown (rarely translucent-white).

Alt. 47, diam. 19 mill.

Alt. 40, diam. 18 mill.

Alt. 35, diam. 17 mill.

Island of Tobago ! (R. Swift) ; Montserrat Hills, Trinidad (Dr.
B. Sharp!).

Voluta glabra GMEL., Syst. Nat., (13), p. 3436. — WOOD, Index,
Test., pi. 19, f. 5a. — Bulimus glaber DH. in Lam., An. s. Vert., viii,
p. 258. — PFEIFFER, Monogr., ii, p. 89 ; iii, 373 ; iv, 442 ; vi, 78. —
REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 54, f. 357. — Helix (Cochlogena) auris
caprinus FER., Prodr., no. 442. — Pelekocheilus caprinus BECK,
Index, p. 55. — Pupa auris sileni GRAY, Ann. of Philos. n. ser., ix,
p. 412. — Auricula sileni LAM., An. s. Vert., vi, pt. 2, p. 138 ; Encycl.
Meth., pi. 460, f. 4. — Pelekocheilus undulatus BECK, Index, p. 55. —
Ellobium flammeum BOLTON, Mus. Bolt., 1798. — Bulimus cegotis
MENKE, Synops. Meth. Moll. Mus. Menkeauo, edit., 2, 1830, p. 26
" (Auricula Sileni Lam., Helix auris caprina Fer., Voluta glabra
Gm.) " ; no description. Not J5. cegotis Pfr., Conchyl. Cab.

The typical A. glabra is a strong, solid shell when mature, with
thick lip, strong, callous columellar fold ; the base but little pinched,
and the aperture not much produced downward. It is decidedly
more solid than A. aurissciuri, and much less compressed below. I
know of no authentic localities for it on the Spanish main, nor on
Antillean islands other than those mentioned above.

The figures show the main aspects of variation. Fig. 33, may be
regarded as altogether typical. Fig. 37 represents an albino spec-
imen collected by Dr. B. Sharp.

Var. GRENADENSIS Guppy. PI. 41, figs. 38, 39.

Smaller and more ventricose than typical glabra; very solid and
strong ; fleshy-brown and whitish, obscurely streaked, the streaks

AURIS-EUDOLICHOTIS. 115

much speckled and mottled. Whorls 5. Lower two-thirds of the
outer lip thikened within ; parietal wall in adult specimens covered
with a heavy ivhite callus.

Alt. 33, diam. 17 mill.

Alt. 37, diam. 18* mill.

Island of Grenada (Swift).

Bulimus glabra PFR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 42, pi. 13, f. 7. — Pelecy-
chilus glabra BINNEY, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., iii, p. 114, pi. x. f. j
(jaw and dentition). — Plekocheifus glaber var. grenadensis GUPPY,
Ann. Mag. N. H., (4), i, p. 436 (1868).

This seems to me fairly recognizable as an insular race, although
I have but ten specimens of it before me.

A. LACERTA Pfeifler. PI. 41, figs. 40, 41.

Shell rimate-umbilicate, long-ovate, rather thin or somewhat solid.
Yellowish-white, with obliquely longitudinal brown stripes, either
regular, undulating or somewhat dislocated. Surface wrinkle-
striate, broken into diamond-granules on the last whorl. Whorls 5,
somewhat convex, the last but little or not all compressed behind
the lip, having some impressed transverse lines there but no pit or
constriction ; base but little pinched.

Aperture somewhat over half the alt., oblong, striped within,
hardly contracted in the middle. Peristome well reflexed, with re-
curved edge, white, the outer lip slightly thickened within near the
middle and below; basal lip recurved, narrowly rounded ; columellar
lip wide, with a strong, spirally ascending white callous fold above,
seated on a dark base. Parietal wall bearing a thin translucent
film.

Alt. 34, diam. 16 mill.

Alt. 33, diam. 14 mill.

Para, Brazil.

Bulimm lacerta PFR., P. Z. S., 1855, p. 94, pi. 31, f. 15; Novit.
Conch., i, p. 64, pi. 18, f. 5, 6 ; Monogr., iv, p. 442 ; vi, 78.

This is another form very closely allied to ^1. glabra. It is smaller
and thinner, with thinner lip, more regular granulation and striping,
and especially differs in the abrupt curve of the lip above, which
at the upper insertion lies nearly at a right angle with the
outer lip. A. aurissciuri has the base more pinched and the aperture
more prolonged at base. There is not much variation in the dozen
specimens before me from Para.

116 AURIS-EUDOLICHOTIS.

A. SINUATA Albers. PI. 42, figs. 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54.

Shell compressed umbilicate, ovate oblong, solid. Whitish or
yellow, irregularly striped, dotted and spotted with brown or pur-
ple-brown. Surface smoothish, striate on spire, the body-whorl ob-
scurely wrinkle-granose, and showing traces of a microscopic gran-
ulation. Whorls 5*, the last somewhat ascending in front, the base
abruptly pinched into a raised convexity defined by a scar- like groove.
Aperture vertical, exceeding half the alt. of shell, elliptical, angular
above and vfith a conspicuous notch or sinus at base. Peristome
white, reflexed, the edge recurved ; outer lip evenly curved, its lower
half or third thickened within and often denticulate, terminating
abruptly in a boss or tooth at the base. Columellar lip broadly re-
flexed, flaring forward (fig. 51). Columella white, sinuous, with a
long spirally entering fold above. Parietal wall covered with a
translucent film.

Alt. 52, diam. 23 mill.

Alt. 44, diam. 24 mill.

Puerto Cabello, Venezuela (C. F. Starke and others).

Bulimus sinuatus ALB., Malak. Bl., i, 1854, p. 32. — PFR., Novit.
Conch., i, p. 37,. pi. 10, f. 18-20; Monogr., iv, p. 442.— MARTENS,
Binnenmoll. Venez., in Festchr. 100-Jiihrigen Feier des Bestehens
Naturforsch. Fr. Berl., p. 176.

Differs conspicuously from ^1. distorta, glabra and their allies in
the channel or notch at the base and the differently formed outer
lip. It is allied to A. euryomphala, perd'tx, etc.

Variation is extreme in this as in other species of the group.
The basal notch may be either wide (fig. 49 typical), very narrow
(fig. 50), or even obsolete (fig. 53). The columellar lip also varies
in form, fig. 54 representing a specimen in which it is deeply sin-
used. The callous ledge within outer lip may bear several small den-
ticles and end in a strong tooth, or it may be smooth, with no tuber-
cle below. Sometimes the columellar fold is scarcely visible from in
front.

A. EURYOMPHALA Jonas. PI. 42, figs. 55-61.

Shell umbilicate, ovate-oblong, thin but rather strong. Fleshy-
white, with irregular, closely and strongly zig-zag brown or purplish
stripes-, and often scattered dots. Surface smooth, with superficial,
inconspicuous growth-wrinkles only. Whorls 5$, slightly convex,
the last gently ascending in front, the base more or less pinched up,

AURIS-EUDOLICHOTIS. 117

with a groove or two defining the convexity. Suture narrowly mar-
gined.

Aperture about half the length of shell or less, vertical, or with
the base carried forward. Peridome narrowly reflexed, thin, white ;
the outer lip arcuate or irregular, somewhat thickened within to-
ward the base, where there is a more or less developed notch or spout.
Columella bearing a strong or weak spirally ascending fold above,
brown, or with a white edge; the reflexed margin sinuous, usually
flaring forward.

Alt. 40, diam. 18 ; alt. of aperture 21-22J mill.

Alt. 37, diam. 16; alt. of aperture 16 mill.

Car ip e (Jonas) ; Caracas (Moritz, Lansberg, Ernst, Cocking) ;
Venezuela.

Sulimus euryomphalus JONAS, Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1844, p. 36 ;
Molluskolog. Beitr., p. 26, pi. 10, f. 15.— PHIL., Ahbild., iii, p. 37,
pi. 8, f. 2. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 54, f. 356. — PFR., Monogr., ii,
p. 88; vi, p. 78. — MARTENS, Binnenmoll. Venez. in Festschr. 100-
Jahrigeu Bestehens Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1873, p. 176. — Bulimus
otostomus PFR., P. Z. S., 1854, p. 291 ; Novit. Conch., i, p. 31, pi. 8,
f. 12, 13 ; Monogr., iv, p. 442.— MARTENS, L c., p. 177.

The variations seen in Caracas specimens are well shown by
the illustrations. Figs. 59, 60, 61 represent typical euryomphala, in
which the aperture is long and subvertical, guttered at base, and the
lip is gently arched toward the upper insertion. Figs. 56, 57 are
Pfeiffer's type of B. otostomus, in which the aperture inclines ob-
liquely forward toward the base, is short and trapezoidal, and the
outer lip is very strongly arcuate toward the upper insertion. In
fig. 55, these characters are more obvious. In fig. 58, is shown the
profile of a shell like otostomus in the angle of aperture, but like
euryomphala in its comparative size, intermediate between the two
in the curvature of the lip. Other examples before me unite the
several differential features of the two forms in such various styles
of combination that I do not see how any specific or varietal status
can be sustained for B. otostomus.

In a few of the larger specimens there is some trace of the long-
grained sculpture of A.sinuata; but the constantly smaller size,
smoothness, zig-zag pattern and less developed calluses of the mouth
are sufficient specific distinctions. There is sometimes a. strong
groove at root of columella, and the earlier whorls are faint orange
in some shells.

118 AURIS-EUDOLICHOTIS.

A. PERDIX Pfeiffer. PI. 41, figs. 45, 46, 47, 48, 49.

Shell perforate, ovate-oblong, solid, closely striate; whitish, with
flames, spots and dots of blackish. Spire conic, the apex rather
obtuse ; suture margined. Whorls 5£, but slightly convex, the last
about as long as the spire ; base slightly compressed around the nar-
row perforation.

Aperture oblong, showing inside the external coloration ; peri-
stome expanded throughout, the columellar margin somewhat
vaulted ; columella obliquely folded above, slightly arcuate. (Pfr.~).

Alt. 36, diam. 15 ; alt. of aperture 19 mill. (type).

Alt. 31 mill. (Caracas specimen).

Agua de Obispo, U. S. Colombia (Funck) ; Caracas, Venezuela
(Lansberg).

Bulimus perdix PFR., P. Z. S., 1847, p. 230 ; Conchyl, Cab., p.
147, pi. 39, f. 1, 2 ; Monogr., ii, p. 89; vi, p. 23.— PHIL., Abbild.,
iii, p. 38, pi. 8, f. 3.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 54, f. 355.— MAR-
TENS, Binnenmoll. Venezuela's, p. 177.

Resembles A. midas, a larger shell, in form of the aperture; but in
coloration this species is similar to A. euryomphalus. The specimens
before me are small (alt. 30, diam. 15z mill.), heavily marked and
with five whorls (fig. 47).

A. DILLWYNIANA Pfeiffer. PI. 42, figs. 62, 63.

Shell perforate, ovate oblong, solid; rudely striate and irregularly
malleated, scarcely shining; fleshy, dotted and variegated with
brownish. Spire convex-conic, the apex somewhat obtuse; suture
impressed, margined. Whorls 5, slightly convex, the last a little
longer than spire, attenuated and subcom pressed at base.

Aperture slightly oblique, sinuose-oblong ; peristome white, ex-
panso-reflexed, the right margin lightly arcuate ; columellar margin
dilated above, nearly closing the perforation ; columella with a
strong twisted fold. Alt. 39, diam. 16£ mill. (Pfr.}.

Andes of New Granada (Cuming coll.).

Bulimus dillwynianm PFR., P. Z. S., 1851, p. 258 ; Conchyl. Cab.,
p. 88, pi. 30, f. 25, 26 ; Monogr., iii, p. 372.

This species I have not seen. Compare A. midas var. spectrum
Alb., which is similar in form and coloring ; but Pfeiffer says dill-
wyniana is solid, rudely striate and irregularly malleated. The
rather indefinite habitat assigned lies out of the range of other mem-
bers of this group.

AURIS-EUDOLICHOTIS. 119

A. MIDAS Albers. PI. 43, figs. 64-68.

Shell rimate-umbilicate, ovate, rather thin. Fleshy-white, with long,
oblique purple-brown stripes spotted with light, and usually with some
scattered dark dots, or else red-tawny, becoming lighter on the back
and variegated with purple-brown there. Surface smoothish, the
next-to-last whorl rib-striate, last whorl with faint growth-wrinkles
and a microscopic superficial granulation. Spire varying in length ;
whorls about 5, slightly convex, the suture margined, at least on
latter part of body-whorl. Last whorl not perceptibly compressed
behind, lip or pinched at base.

Aperture over half the alt. of shell, long-ovate, maculated within.
Peristome white, the outer lip narrowly reflexed above, broadly
below, basal lip broadly reflexed with recurved edge ; columella with
a long, low, spirally ascending fold above, separated from parietal
wall by a shallow furrow. Parietal callus a mere transparent film.

Alt. 50, diam. 21 ; alt. of aperture, 29 mill, (type specimen).

Alt. 48, diam. 23 ; alt. of aperture, .27 mill.

Alt. 43, diam. 25 ; alt. of aperture, 28 mill.

Puerto Cabello, Venezuela (Swift).

Bulimus midas ALB., Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1852, p. 32.— PFR.,
Conchyl. Cab., p. 154, pi. 48, f. 17, 18 ; Monogr., iii, 331.— MARTENS,
Binnenmoll. Venez., p. 177.

The typical form is slender, light colored with few dark oblique
stripes and scattered dots (figs. 64, 65) ; others have much heavier
marking (figs. 66, 67) ; and some specimens are a beautiful reddish
color (fig. 68), with more or less dark marking on the back. The
spire may be quite long and the figure of the shell slender (figs. 64,
67), or the spire may be short, body-whorl obese (figs. 66, 68).
These variations are well connected by intermediate examples.
Von Martens has referred this species to Anthinus, but it is very
closely allied to A. sinuatus, and has no intimate relationship with
A. multicolor, the type of Anthinus.

Var. SPECTRUM Albers. PI. 43, figs. 69, 70.

Shell perforate, fusiform, rather thin, closely striate and submal-
leate; tawny-flesh colored, with livid streaks and scattered chestnut
dots. Spire long-conic, rather acute ; suture somewhat margined.
Whorls 5£, rather convex, the last as long as spire, attenuated at
base, and somewhat compressed.

120 AURIS-EUDOLICHOTIS.

Aperture sub vertical, sinuate-elliptical ; columella brownish-pur-
ple, with a strong oblique twist ; peristome expanded and rather
reflexed, the right margin somewhat sinuous, columellar margin
spreading and vaulted over the umbilicus. (Pfr. from spec, in coll.
A Ibers).

Alt. 43, diam. 15, alt. of aperture, 22 2 mill.

"New Granada."

Bulimus spectrum ALB., Malak. Bl. i, 1854, p. 219. — PrR.,Novit.
Conch., i, p. 55, pi. 16, f. 3, 4 ; Monogr., iv, p. 441.

I regard this as a slender and rather small form of A. midas. The
locality assigned must be viewed with suspicion. In A. midas the
columellar fold is often colored, especially in immature examples.

A. HAUXWELLI Crosse. PI. 44, figs. 75, 76, 77, 78.

Shell openly rimate-perforate, fusiform, moderately solid. Tawny
brown, variegated with Avide longitudinal groups of crowded, finely
zigzag hydroplicmous lines. Surface lusterless, sculptured with low
oblique rib-striae on the antepenultimate whorl, the last whorl with-
out distinct growth-stri&e, minutely, densely papillose, the papillae
small, rather sharp and irregularly scattered (fig. 78, much enlarged).
Spire conic, the apex very obtuse; whorls 4J, slightly convex, the
last slightly impressed behind the peristome, produced in a narrow
rounded extension at base. Suture well impressed, somewhat de-
scending toward its termination.

Aperture over half the alt. of shell, slightly oblique, very narrow
and long; produced in a rounded spout beloiv, flesh -colored within.
Peristome blackish-purple, narrowly reflexed throughout, the outer lip
somewhat sinuous. Columella widened above, the deeply entering
fold gently convex.

Alt. 49, diam. 18* ; alt. of aperture 29 mill.

Alt. 48, diam. 18J ; alt. of aperture 29 mill.

Near Pebas, on the Ambiyacu E., a tributary of the Amazon, Peru
(John Hauxwell !).

Bulimus hauxwelli CROSSE, Journal de Conchyl., xx, 1872, p. 211 ;
xxi, 1873, p. 252, pi. 11, f. 2.— PFR., Monogr., viii, p. 109.

Through the courtesy of Prof. William B. Dwight, of Vassar Col-
lege, I have been able to describe this species from the type and
another specimen preserved in the museum of that college. The
general contour is that of A. distorta, but the lip is narrow, as in A.

AURIS-GON YOSTOMUS. 1 2 1

goniostoma. The hydrophanous zigzag lines are seen in no other
species of Auris.

The minute papillose sculpture is the same as that of A. midas,
but coarser. The spire is somewhat costulate, there is no trace of
spiral sculpture, and the lip is sinuous; it therefore appears that A.
hauxwelli is a member of the group of A. distorta, rather than of the
A. goniostoma group in which there is distinct spiral sculpture, nou-
costulate and longer spire, and the lip is not sinuous.

A. hauxwelli \s one of the most peculiar and beautiful species of
the family Bulimulidce.

Subgenus GONYOSTOMUS Beck, 1837.

(= Gonyostomus or Goniostomus plus Anthinus Alb. For refer-
ences see p. 96).

Shell rimate-umbilicate, fusiform or ovate-conic, with 5-5s gently
convex whorls. Surface finely granose spirally. Aperture elliptic
or ovate, angled above, rounded below, or angular at base also; the
peristome evenly, narrowly expanded or reflexed ; outer lip evenly
arcuate, not sinuous, with no internal callous projection; columellar
lip free, inserted high, the columella with a deep-seated and weak
fold. Type A. goniostoma.

Distribution, south-eastern Brazil.

Gonyostomus differs from Endolichotis in the system of sculpture
and in having an evenly arcuate peristome, in a level plane, the lip
neither sinuous nor with callous thickenings within. The union of
A. goniostoma with the distorta group, and of .4. perdix and midas
with A. multicolor, on account of the angulation or roundness of the
bases, is a thoroughly unnatural grouping. A. multicolor is closely
allied to hybrida and goniostoma in sculpture, color, texture, and
characters of the aperture, while A. perdix and midas are closely
connected with the distorta group by intermediate species. Both
Etidolichotis and Gonyostomus include species with angular and
species with rounded bases. This feature is no more a group charac-
ter in Bulimoid shells than the angulation of the periphery is in
Helices ; and the reference of all forms having the base angular to
one subgenus is as artificial an arrangement as the Lamarckian
" genus " Caracolla for all keeled Helices.

122 AURIS-GONYOSTOMUS.

Key to species of Gonyostomus.

I. Shell fusiform, base angular ; aperture with a basal channel.
a. Unicolored chestnut ; granulation fine, goniostoma.

aa. Striped and maculated with yellow, more coarsely gran-
ulated, hybrida.
II. Shell ovate-conic, base rounded ; aperture rounded below,
a. Opaque whitish and dark brown, streaked, dotted and
maculated, multicolor.

A. GONIOSTOMA Ferussac. PI. 43, fig. 76.

Shell rimate-umbilicate./imjorm, solid, chestnut-brown. Surface
finely, irregularly striate longitudinally, and encircled by close, un-
equal, spiral series of minute granules. Spire long, the apex obtuse.
Whorls 6, gently convex, separated by oblique sutures, the last
whorl compressed and angular at base, the umbilical region excavated.

Aperture less than half the alt., elliptical, angular above and be-
low, whitish or livid within. Peristome very narrowly reflexed
throughout, rose color or white; basal margin produced, angular
and channelled; columella margin concave, with alow entering fold
above ; parietal wall bearing a white callus between the lip ends,
livid within.

Alt. 56, diam. 18*-21 mill, (specimens).

Alt. 60, diam. 19 mill. (Pfr.).

Macahe (Paz), and Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Helix (Cochlogena} goniostoma FER., Prodr., p. 57, No. 441

(founded on MAWE, Travels in the Interior of Brazil,

1812, third plate of Appendix, fig. 3; and with a"?," Lister, pi.
1059, f. 4 [=Glandina truncata~\~). — WOOD, Index Test. Suppl., pi.
7, f. 246. — Bulinus goniostoma SOWB., Zool. Journ., i, 1825, p. 59,
pi. 5, f. 2. — DESH. Lara., An. s. Vert, viii, p. 249, and in Fer.,
Hist., p. 105, pi. 143, f. 9, 10.— POT. & MICH., Galerie, i, p. 141, pi.
14, f. 17, 18.— PFEIFFER, Conchyl. Cab., p. 21, pi. 5, f. 1, 2 ; Mon-
ogr., ii, p. 50 (excl. var.). — REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 34, f. 206. —
Pupa goniostoma GRAY. — Gonyostomus gonyostoma BECK, Index, p.
53. — Goniostoma erubescens SWAINS, Malacol., p. 177, 335, f. 25.

This well-known species is unmistakable, its only near ally being
the next species, with which it was formerly united. The smallest
fully adult specimen I have seen is 49 mill. long. The only varia-

AURIS-GONYOSTOMUS. 123

tion of consequence is in the color of the peristorae, which may be
either white or rose.

A. HYBRIDA Gould. PI. 43, fig. 75.

Shell rimate-umbilicate, fusiform, like A. goniostoma in shape.
Dark or purple-brown, variegated with oblique flames and irregular
spots of yellow. Surface sculptured with conspicuous close and un-
equal spiral series of granules, and often superficially malleated.
Whorls 5£-6, the last keeled at base, excavated in umbilical re-
gion. •

Aperture elliptical, angular at both ends, channelled at base, dull
purple within ; peristome narrowly reflexed throughout, rose col-
ored, or with the outer lip white.

Alt. 46, diam. 17 mill.

Alt. 41, diam. 15 mill.

Brazil, around Rio Janeiro (U. S. Expl. Exped.), and in Organ
Mts.; Macahe (Paz and Martinez).

Bulimus egregius PFR., P. Z. S., 1845, p. 67 (not of Jay, 1836) ;
Monogr., ii, 50 ; iii, p. 372.— GOULD, Otia Conch., p. 244 ; U. S.
Expl. Exped., Moll., p. 77, pi. 6, figs. 86, 86a.— REEVE, Conch.
Icon., pi. 34, f. 205.— DESH. in Fer., Hist., p. 104, pi. 143, f. 7, 8.-
Bulimus hybridus GLD., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 191 (Dec.,
1846); Otia Conch., p. 32.— HIDALGO, Viaje al Pacif., p. 76.-
PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 440.

The form is that of A. goniostoma, but the granulation is coarser
and more irregular, and it is conspicuously marked with yellow. In
size it is somewhat less than goniostoma.

A. MULTICOLOR Rang. PI. 43, figs. 73, 74.

Shell rimate-umbilicate, ovate-conic, rather solid. Irregularly
striped or maculated in ragged pattern with purple-brown on an
opaque white or olive clouded white ground, the dark streaks generally
dotted with white. Surface shining, densely sculptured with spirally
arranged granules, at least on the spire. Apex obtuse; whorls 5£,
convex, separated by impressed and narrowly margined sutures, the
last whorl ovate, rounded below.

Aperture somewhat over half the shell's length, oblong-oval,
rounded below, dark violet within. Peristome rather narrowly ex-

124 AURIS-GONYOSTOMUS.

paiuled, rose colored; parietal callus and the weak columella fold,
white.

Alt. 35, diain. 16; alt. of aperture 19 mill.

Alt. 33, diam. Ifii ; alt. of aperture 18 mill.

Rio Janeiro, Brazil (J. G. Anthony); MucuJir (Paz).

Helix multicolor RANG, Ann. Sci. Nat., 1831, p. 55, pi. 3, f. 1. —
Bulin us multicolor SOWB., Conch. Illustr., f. 89. — KING, Zool. Journ.,
v, p. 341. — Bulimus multicolor PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 42; iii, 332 ;
Conchyl. Cab., p. 22, pi. 5, f. 3, 4.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 39, f.
238 ; Conch. Sy.st., ii, pi. 174, f. 89.— DESK, in Lam., An. s. Vert,
viii, p. 239 ; and in Fer., Hist., p. 40, pi. 145, f. 1, 2. — Gonyostornns
multicolor BECK, Index, p. 53.

A well known shell, allied to A. hybrida, but rounded at base,
with more elaborate color pattern and finer, less pronounced granu-
lation.

Var. MIERSII Sowerby. PI. 43, figs. 71, 72.

Similar to A. multicolor, but slightly more slender, with the spire
higher, mouth proportionally shorter ; body-whorl corneous-brown in
the middle, purple-brown above and below, with the usual opaque-
white markings, the whorls of spire dark above, light below. Alt.
401, diam. 19; alt. of aperture 22 mill. Sometimes smaller: alt.
34 mill., with the same proportions.

Rio Janeiro, Brazil (Anthony, Paz).

Bulinus miersii SOWB., Conch. Illustr., f. 90. — Bulimus miersii
REEVE, Conch. Syst., ii, pi. 174, f. 90 (printed from Sowerby's
plate) ; Conch. Icon., pi. 39, f. 239.— PFR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 146,
pi. 45, f. 20, 21 ; Mouogr.,iii, p. 333.— DESH. in Fer., Hist. pi. 130,
f. 7, 8. — B. multicolor var. PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 43.

I see no sufficient grounds for separating this specifically from A.
multicolor.

BULIMULUS. 1 25

Genus BULIMULUS Leach, 1815.

Ititlhnulus LEACH, Zool. Miscellany, i, p. 41 (for B. acntus and
B. trifasciattts Leach, == Helix exilis Gmel.). — v. MARTENS in Die
Binuenmoll. Venezuela's, p. 21 (1873) ; Biol. Amer. Cent,, p. 2-°>8
(1895). — SEMPER, Reisen in Archipel der Philippine!!, Land-moll.,
iii, p. 153. — Bulimulus s. g. Orthotominm, FISCHER & CROSSE, Miss.
Sci. Mex. Moll., i, p. 473 (1875).

Shell varying from ovate-conic to oblong, columnar or lanceolate ;
umbilieate or imperforate ; aperture with the lip thin, generally not
expanded ; columella expanded, rather straight, sometimes with a
caJlous fold within. Apical whorls either smooth, vertically costu-
late or wrinkled, or with the wrinkles interrupted and broken into
granules ; never sculptured with spiral and vertical raised strice form-
ing a minute grating.

Radula substantially as in the normal, terrestrial Helicid;i .

Jaw composed of rather few plates with vertical, narrowly free
lateral edges not sufficiently converging to form a triangular area of
shorter plates in the middle.

Genitalia without accessory organs or appendages.

Type Bulimulus e.rili* (Gmelin).

DISTRIBUTION : Warm temperate and tropical America, from
Argentina and Chili north to Arkansas and Tennessee. No spe-
cies of Bulimulus occur in the Eastern Hemisphere, although sev-
eral genera, such as the Australian Liparn*, and Placostylus, a group
of the Melanesian tract, are closely allied to American genera.

The species of Bulimulus live by preference on the ground or on
low herbage or shrubs. Hibernation or sestivation usually takes
place in the soil, but they sometimes activate on bushes during dry
weather.

Bu/imn/us is here used in the sense in which it has been under-
stood by von Martens in his several references to the genus since
1873. This is a narrower meaning than the ordinary usage, and
practically equivalent to Orthotoiniinn of Crosse and Fischer. It is
closely allied to DRYMJRUS (=0tostomus Martens, not of Beck as
restricted by Gray and Herrmannseu), but differs in the Helicid
character of the teeth, and to a less extent in the fewer, wider, less
converging ribs of the jaw. The shells differ in the system of sculp-
ture of the apical whorls, which in Drijma>us show a very fine grat-
ing formed by the intersection at right angles of vertical and spiral

126 BULIMULUS.

stritc, iu the vast majority of species; but in a few there are spirals,
without distinct grated pattern. No BULIMULUS /ia* this type of
apical sculpture.

It is, therefore, possible to ascertain the generic position of any
specimen in which the apex is unworn, from the shell alone, if a
lens of high power be used in the examination. The exceptions to
this statement being extremely few in number, so far as my obser-
vations extend. On the other hand, it is frequently impossible to
decide with certainty the position of species which one may know
only by descriptions and figures, since these do not, in most cases,
afford the requisite information upon the minute sculpture of the
apices. In the grouping of such forms in this work, the general
features of the shell have served as a guide, but it must be expected
that further examination of specimens will result in a certain num-
ber of transpositions and exchanges of species between the genera
Bnlimulu* and Drymceas.

Bulimnlm differs from Plekocheilus and Auris mainly in the
simpler shell, without the modifications of lip and columella char-
acteristic of those genera.

CLASSIFICATION. Bulimulus has been subdivided into a large
number of subordinate groups, based upon the contour and texture
of the shell. The subgenera so formed are in many cases neither
consistent geographic groups, nor are the characters of shell-contour
upon which they are grounded, correlated with anatomical distinct-
ions. It is here proposed to abandon the divisions founded upon
these characters, and to substitute a classification based primarily
upon the sculpture of the nep ionic or apical ichorls. This feature is
in most species readily observable in adult specimens with a lens of
ordinary power; and the examination of extensive series shows it to
be remarkably and to an unexpected degree constant throughout
large groups of species. The groups indicated by the several types
of embryo sculpture are confirmed by the anatomical characters, so
far as these are yet known, and they are in every case which has
come under my observation, consistent geographically.

In course of the development in this volume and the one to follow,
of the system outlined below, it will be observed that in many cases
a series of species " parallel " in contour, texture and general aspect
recurs in each of the main divisions of the genus. Thus the groups
Perona'tix (Chili, Peru), Plcuropyryii* (Galapagos) and Plicolidiuui,
(Lower California) are very similar in their narrow, long contour,

BULIMULUS. 127

and were formerly brought together ; but a study of the apical
whorls shows that each of these groups is a special " parallel " modi-
fication of different Bulimulus stocks of ordinary form inhabiting each
of these regions, and it becomes clear that they are totally indepen-
dent and unrelated groups, with an origin and past history different
in each case. Again, an adequate study of specimens will, in my
opinion, convince conchologists that the similarity in appearance
between Chili-Peruvian and northern Mexican forms of the B. pro-
tens, erythrostomus, schiedeanns and montezuma groups, is not evi-
dence of close relationship but merely of similar environments. It
is unnecessary in this place to multiply instances of such parallelism
in the Bulimi.

Primary divisions of JBulimulus.

I. Apical whorls smooth, not wrinkled, costate or granular. Spe-
cies of Ecuador, Peru, Chill, Bolivia and Argentina.
II. Apical whorls irregularly wrinkled subvertically, or with the
wrinkles wavy, dislocated or variously broken into granules.
Species of Tropical America, West Indies and Galapagos Is.
III. Apical whorls with regular, straight vertical riblet*. Species of
northern Mexico, Lower California and the southern United
States.

The jir4 of these groups consists of the single subgenus BOSTRYX,
including several "sections " of little systematic worth.

The second contains several subgenera (see Nautilus ix, 114, and
the next volume of this work).

The third forms the subgenus ORTHOTOMIUM, with two " sections,"
Sonorina (n. n. for Leptobyrsus) and Plicolumna.

I. Subgenus BOSTRYX Troschel, 1847.

=Bostryx Trosch. -f- Peroineus Alb. -f- Ataxus Alb. -f- Pyrgti* Alb.
-f- Scutalus Alb. (larger part), + Temesa Ads.

Shell varying from obese (or Helicoid) to slender and columnar
or subulate ; umbilicate or imperforate, more or less opaque and cal-
careous, sometimes corneous-streaked. Apical whorls smooth and
glossy, without sculpture of any kind. Aperture ovate or angular,

128 BUL1MULUS-BOSTRYX.

the outer lip unexpanded or expanded, colurnellar lip dilated
above.

Distribution of typical form?, Chili, Peru, adjacent part of Bolivia
and Ecuador, the Andean highland and the Pacific slope ; a group
of thin-shelled specie*, part of them doubtfully referable to this
genus, extends eastward across Bolivia and Argentina.

Boxtri/.i; in the enlarged sense herein proposed, forms a compact,
readily recognized subgeneric group, well distinguished by the
smooth and frequently rather teat-like apex, more or less calcareous
texture, and unexpanded or but little expanded lip. It is an equally
compact group geographically, being confined to the elevated
Andean region of Peru, Bolivia and Chili and its western slope to
the Pacific, with some species in Argentina. To the north and
northeast other and distinct groups of JBulimulidce completely re-
place Bo-ftry.r.

Although the variation of contour is greater within this subgenus
than in any olher group of Bulimulidce, the series of species is really
not markedly discontinuous, as intermediate forms still existing
largely bridge the spaces between the several extremes of divergence.
The subdivisions used below are, therefore, t/roiijt* of but xJiyht xyde-
matic value, and might well be dispensed with were it not that it
seems convenient to divide a subgenus so numerous in species.

Key to sections of Eostryx.

I. Shell wider than high, with depressed spire and broad, conic
umbilicus Platybostryx, p. 129.

II. Shell higher than wide, the spire elevated.

a. Umbilicus large and tubular, Ata.nts, p. 130.

aa. Umbilicus small or imperforate.

b. Dextral ; sutures very deep ; last whorl free from
preceding, or only in contact for a short distance
at aperture ; whorls somewhat angular,

Boxtrip; p. 133.

bb. Sinistral ; slender and elongated, Tcmexa,p. 134.
bbb. Dextral ; whorls not angular, nor with a tendency
to become free.

c. Column-shaped, narrow ; whorls 15-20,

Geoceras, p. 136.
cc. Whorls 11 or fewer.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PLATYBOSTRYX. 129

d. Shell narrow, Melania-shaped, regu-
larly tapering; subimperforate ; colu-
mella subtruncate, Geopyryu*, p. 135.
'/'/. Shell narrow and elongated, convexly
tapering, perforate, Peroim'tix, p. 138.
ddd. Shell with obese body-whorl, unibili-
cate or perforate, Ll-^oncme, p.

Section 1. PLATYBOSTRYX Pilsbry, 1896.

•

Wider than high, with broad, crater-shaped umbilicus ; the top
flattened with mamillar apex, the last whorl acutely keeled at
periphery and base.

B. EREMOTHAUMA Pilsbry, n. n. PI. 44, figs. 83, 84, 85, 86.

Shell wider than high, with a broad crater-shaped iunh!/irn.«,
acutely carinated periphery and bate, low spire, and descending last
whorl. White, or with flesh-colored suffusion in places ; solid but
thin, calcareous. Surface lusterless, rudely wrinkle-striate above,
the wrinkles cut and festooned by a group of spiral incised striae ;
the lower surface vertically, irregularly plicate, and often with some
short transverse wrinkles. Spire low-convex, the apex mainill«i\
projecting, smooth. Whorls 4-1, rapidly widening, the latter two
concave above ; last whorl with very acute, pinched peripheral and
basal keels; its latter third or half deeply descending.

Aperture white or brownish inside, subtriangular, oblique, angular
above, and acutely so at positions of outer and basal keels ; peri-
stome continuous, in contact with preceding whorl at its upper angle
only ; upper margin simple, outer slightly expanded, columella mar-
gin arcuate and expanded.

Alt- 10, diam. 14 mill. (type).

Alt. 11, diam. 12 mill. (Hidalgo).

Cachinal de la Costa (Phil.) ; Paposo (Phil., Paz.), Desert of
Atacama, Chili, under stones and among the roots of plants.

Helix reent*)'! PHIL., Anales de la Univ. de Santiago, 1855, p.
213; Malak. Bl.,1856, p.52, 152; Reisedurch die Wiiste Atacama,
1860, p. 182, pi. 7, f. 8.— PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 182.— HIDALGO,
Moluscos del Viaje al Pacifico, p. 22, pi. 1, f. 4-5. — Not Jiu/!iin<«
reentd Phil., 1851.

Hidalgo records a form measuring, alt. 9, greater diam. 15, lesser
13 mill. ; spire flat, last whorl less descending, umbilicus wider,
peristome more adnate.
9

130 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-ATAXUS.

This species is so excessively peculiar that comparisons with other
forms would be superfluous. The specific name given by Philippi
is preoccupied for another species belonging to Lissoacme, a closely
allied section of this genus. This duplication arose from the refer-
ence of the present form to the genus Helix.

Section 2. ATAXUS Albers, 1850.

Ataxus ALB., Die Hel., p. 164 (only species B. umbilicaris Soul.).

Shell elongated, ovate-conic or subfusiform, with numerous (7-9)
rather flattened whorls ; umbilicus very large, deep and well-like,
with subperpendicular walls ; aperture small. Type B. umbilicaris
Soul.

Distribution, northern Chili and Andean plateau of Peru.

Key to species of Ataxus.

a. Shell smooth or nearly so, conic ; umbilicus extremely large,

umbilicaris.

aa. Shell striated, fusiform ; umbilicus smaller.

b. Aperture over one-third the alt. of shell, infundibulum.
bb. Aperture less than one-third the alt. of shell,

umbilicatellus,

aaa. Surface of shell ribbed.

b. Surface costulate, tubulatus.

bb. Surface distantly ribbed, like a Scalaria, scalaricosta.

B. UMBILICARIS Souleyet. PI. 44, figs. 87, 88.

Shell with ample, well-like umbilicus, long-conic; thin but rather
solid ; opaque, white or flesh-tinted ; smooth except for slight
growth-lines usually indistinctly crimped in spiral order, shining.
Spire attenuated above, the earlier whorls smooth, corneous, mamil-
lar. Whorls 7, slightly convex, regularly widening, tfte last not de-
flexed, narrowed toward the base, forming a narrowly rounded ridge
around the very large umbilicus, which penetrates well-like to the
apex.

Aperture small, oblique, narrowly oblong ; peristome white, sub-
continuous, in contact with the body-whorl only for an extremely
short distance above ; outer and basal lips narrowly expanded, col-
umellar lip straighter, dilated.

Alt. 15, diam. 7 mill. ; alt. of aperture 6'6 mill.

Alt. 14'3, diam. 6 mill.; alt. of aperture 5 mill.

Alt. 12'7, diam. 7 mill. ; alt. of aperture 5 mill.

Cobija, northern Chili.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-ATAXUS. 131

Bulimus umbilicaris SOUL., Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 102 ; Voy. Bonite,
Zool., ii, p. 513, pi. 29, f. 12-15.— PHIL., Abbild. u. Beschreib., ii,
p. 11, pi. 3, f. 7.— REEVE, C. Icon., pi. 66, f. 460.— DESK, in Fer.,
Hist., p. 74, pi. 145, f. 7-9.— PFR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 84, pi. 30, f.
21, 22 ; Monogr., ii, p. 97 ; vi, 80. — B. infundibuliformis JAY, Ann.
Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, iv, p. 169, pi.' 10, f. 7 (1848).

Tbe very large, well-like umbilicus, is the most striking feature of
this well known species.

*

B. INFUNDIBULUM Pfeiffer. PI. 44, figs. 89, 90, 91, 92.

Shell umbilicated, ovate-conic, somewhat fusiform ; closely striated,
opaque ; white (either uniform, or streaked with tawny, or one-
banded with ashen). Spire convex-conic, the apex attenuated, rose-
ate, rather acute ; suture linear. Whorls 9, nearly flat, the last
about three-sevenths the length of shell, attenuated at base, com-
pressed around the broad, penetrating, funnel-shaped umbilicus.

Aperture subvertical, narrow, oblong ; peristome simple, the mar-
gins approaching above; right margin narrowly expanded, col-
umellar margin rather dilated. Alt. 18, diarn. 7 mill. ; aperture
8 mill, long, 3 wide. (Pfr.).

Huanta and Pacra, Prov. of Ayacttcho, Peru.

Bulimus infundibulnm PFR., P. Z. S., 1851, p. 255; Conchyl.
Cab., p. 85, pi. 30, f. 19. 20 ; Monogr., iii, p. 375 (1853).— MORELET,
Ser. Conch., iii, p. 204, pi. 11, f. 6.

This curious species, allied to B. umbilicaris of Bolivia, inhabits
the elevated country between the vallies of Abancay and Ayacucho,
occurring on grass in stony places. The specimens collected at
Huanta are generally 18 mill, long, corresponding to Pfeiffer's de-
scription. Those from Pucra, a colder locality, attain the size of 23
by 5? mill. The form streaked with tawny also occurs at this
place. (Morelef).

Var. umbilicatcllus Pilsbry. PI. 44, figs. 93, 94.

Allied to B. infundibulum, but form slenderer, umbilicus decidedly
narrower, and aperture shorter. White, becoming bluish on the
spire, several of the earlier whorls deep purple-brown. Surface
sculptured ivith rather close, distinct strict, which become more sep-
arated and irregular on the last whorl, and are absent on the first
two. Whorls 8i, rather convex, the last compressed at base,
angular around the narrowly funnel-shaped umbilicus.

132 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-ATAXUS.

Aperture somcivhat less than one-third the length of shell, light
brown within, twice as high as wide, narrow, and angular at both
ends; peristome sharp and simple, the outer lip unexpanded, col-
uraellar lip long, slightly dilated above. Alt. 17j, diara. 6 mill.

Peru.

B. TUBULATUS Morelet. PI. 44, figs. 95, 96.

Shell umbilicated, conoid-turrited, solid, arcuately and distantly
costnlate, scarcely shining, white. Whorls 9, slightly convex, the
last slightly over one-third the length of shell, much compressed at
base, angnlated around the wide, perspective umbilicus.

Aperture narrow, oblong, biangular, pale tawny within ; margins
simple, approaching aud joined by a callus, the upper straight, col-
umellar narrowly spreading. Alt. 19, diam. 6 mill. (I/or.).

Valley of Andahuaylas, Peru, on grassy slopes (Angrand).

Bulimus tubulatus MOREL., Journ. de Conch., viii, 1860, p. 375.—
PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 121. — B. tnbulatus MOREL., Ser. Conch., iii, p.
204, pi. 11, f. 4.

This shell looks like B. infundibulum, but is at once distinguished
by the sculpture. Instead of being smooth like umbilicaris, or
densely covered with stride as in infundibulum, it is ornamented with
little projecting, regular, spaced ribs, with no stride in the intervals.
The amplitude of the umbilicus and shortening of the aperture
separate it moreover from the second of these species, with which
its relationship is more intimate. The shell is solid, whitish, with-
out luster, the earlier whorls corneous and transparent. (Morel.*).

B. SCALARICOSTA Morelet. PI. 44, figs. 97, 98.

Shell umbilicated, fusiform-turrited, rather solid, strongly and dis-
tantly ribbed; lusterless, dull white. Spire turriculated, pale
corneous toward the apex. Whorls 9, nearly flat, lightly coarctate
in the middle, the last whorl nearly a third the total length, com-
pressed at base, with a crenulated angle around the wide and deep
umbilicus.

Aperture narrow, oblong, pale tawny inside ; peristome continu-
ous, simple, the upper margin unexpanded, columellar margin
slightly spreading. Alt. 15, diam. 5 mill. (Morel.").

Plateau of Andamarca, Prov. Cuzco, Pent (Angrand).

Bidiiims scalaricosta MOREL., Journ. de Conch., viii, 1860, p.
375 ; Ser. Conch., iii, p. 205, pi. 11, f. 8.— PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 139.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX. 133

This shell belongs to the same group as the preceding, but differs
in certain particulars. The most noticeable is the ornamentation of
the surface, which consists of elevated distant, curved ribs, like those
of a Scala. These ribs begin on the third whorl, the summit being
smooth and corneous. Very pronounced at the beginning, the ribs
enlarge and become wider spaced with the increase of the shell, are
continued into the umbilical cavity and persist to the extreme limit
of the shell. The intercostal spaces have lower, finer riblets. An-
other differential character is the form of the aperture. Not only
is the cavity narrower than in other species of this group, but the
margins are united above, as though the peristome were continuous.
The outer lip is narrow ; it surpasses the columellar margin, the
dilation of which is very weak, sometimes almost absent. Umbilicus
strictly analogous to that of tubulatus and infundibulum. The
whorls of the spire also have a peculiarity ; the earlier are rounded,
but little by little the convexity diminishes, and toward the middle a
contraction becomes quite noticeable. This causes a sort of indis-
tinct bulging below the sutures, which gives the spire a turriculate
appearance. {Morel.}.

Section 3. Bostryx Troschel (s. str.), 1847.

Bostryx TROSCH., Zeitschr. f. Mai, 1847, p. 49 (April, 1847), type
and sole species B. sohitus.

Shell turrited, higher than wide, rugose, the last whorl or two either
free, not in contact, or separated by very deep sutures. Aperture small,
squarish-oval, subvertical ; umbilicus inconspicuous. Type B.
solutus Troschel.

B. SOLUTUS Troschel. PI. 44, figs. 99, 1, 2.

Shell turrited, rather thin, rugose ; ashen, usually two-girdled with
chestnut. Spire turrited, the apex rather obtuse. Whorls 6, the
upper four regularly in contact, the latter two completely free, not in
contact, the right side above and the base keeled, the keel bordered
by an impressed line on each side.

Aperture subvertical, oblong-tetragonal (or quadrangular), the
angles of left side rounded ; peristome simple, straight, continuous.
Alt. 12, diam. 5? mill.; aperture, alt. 4, width 3 mill. (P/V.).

Peru (Dr. v. Tschudi).

Bulimns (Bostryx} solutus TROSCH., Zeitschr. f. Mai., 1847, p. 49 ;
Archiv fur Naturg., 1849, i, p. 233, pi. 4, f. 5 (dentition) ; and 1852,

134 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-TEMESA.

i, p. 195, pi. 5, f. 6 (shell). — PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 161 ; iii, 403 ; iv,
462 ; vi, 101.— B. solutus REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 75, f. 540.

About twenty specimens collected, all of the same form. The
young shells with four whorls resemble an obese Bulimus with nar-
row umbilicus; subsequent whorls become free and two-keeled.
With the exception of the first smooth whorls, the shell is roughened
by rather coarse and irregular longitudinal wrinkles.

B. HOLOSTOMA Pfeiffer. PI. 44, fig. 3.

Shell small, rimate-umbilieate, very narrowly cylindric*tapering,
rather thin ; fleshy-ashen. Surface lusterless, sculptured with very
coarse unequal and irregular fold-like ribs. Spire slowly tapering,
the apex very obtuse, upper 1? whorls rounded, glossy, corneous
and smooth ; following whorl weakly plicate, becoming somewhat
shouldered ; the remaining whorls more or less flattened at periphery,
subanyular above and below ; the sutures very deeply constrict in (/.

Aperture small, contained about 4? times in length of shell,
squarish-oval ; perixtome continuous, very shortly free, slightly thick-
ened at position of contact with preceding whorl, and with the col-
umellar margin a trifle expanded.

Alt. 8, diam. 2-8 mill. (Specimen).

Alt. 9, diam. 21 mill. (Pfr.).

Cobija, Cltili (Paz).

Bulimus holodoma PFR., P. Z. S., 1846, p. 28 ; Monogr., ii, p. 161.
— REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 69, f. 490. — HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch.,
1870, p. 56.

This form differs from B. xcalaricosta and tubulates in the restric-
tion of the umbilicus to a narrow perforation, and in the very deep
sutures. This last character, with the blunt angulation of the
whorls, allies it to B. solutus.

Section 4. Temesa H. & A. Adams, 1855.

Temesa ADS., Genera Recent Moll., ii, p. 175, for austmlis Forbes,
clausilioides ~Rve.,J'i<ncL-i Pfr., glorified Parr., lirida Mke. — 0. SEM-
PER, Journ. de Conchy 1., 1866, p. 42, restricted to australis Forbes,
clausilioides ~Rve.tfnnck! Pfr. — FISCHER, Man. de Conchy]., p. 483,
clausilioides mentioned as an example.

Shell sinistral, much elongated and narrow, perforated, with
numerous (9) whorls ; aperture squarish, the lip simple. Type B.
clausilioides Reeve.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-GEOPYRGUS. 135

The single species is anatomically known, and its relationships
are uncertain. Temesa has hitherto been associated with Balea, and
as originally proposed contained species of Perrieria and true Clau-
silia, besides the Peruvian form now regarded as type of the group.

B. CLAUSILIOIDES Reeve. PI. 45, fig. 4.

Shell sinistral, elongately turrited, somewhat cylindrical, com-
pressly umbilicated. Whorls 9, obscurely ribbed around the upper
part, longitudinally very closely and very minutely roughly striated.
Columella vertically reflected. Aperture somewhat square, the lip
simple. Mouse colored. Alt. 13$ mill. (Reeve).

Andes of Caxamarca, Pern, (W. Lobb)..

Bulimus ckmsilioides REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 73, f. 523 (Julyy
1849) ; P. Z. 8., 1849, p. 96.—?? Balea dausilioides PFR., Monogr.r
iii, p. 584; Conchy 1. Cab., p. 145, pi. 17, f. 34-37.— Temexa clansl-
lioides H. & A. AD., Gen. Rec. Moll., ii, p. 175 (1855). — PFR.-
CLESS., Nomencl. Hel. Viv., p. 364.

This species does not seem to be allied to Balea (Temesa) funcki
Pfr. (Monogr., ii, p. 389), but to the narrow Peruvian Bulimuli, from
which it apparently differs mainly in being sinistral. It is known
to me from the figure and description only.

The figures in the Conchylien Cabinet do not seem to me to
represent the same species.

Section 5. Geopyrgus Pilsbry, 1896.

Geopyrgus PILS., Nautilus, ix, p. 114 (Feb. 1, 1896). — Pyrr/ns
ALB., Die Hel.. 1850, p. 177. Not Pyrgus Hiibner, 1816.

Shell high, turrited, rec/nlarly tajteriny, with many slowly widen-
ing whorls ; the uinbilicti* a mere chink behind the reflexed and «/>-
pressed columellar lip ; outer lip not expanded. Type B. tiirritii*
Brod.

B. TURRITUS Broderip. PI. 45, fig. 5.

Shell turrited, Melania-shaped, solid, opaque and calcareous ;.
whitish, often pinkish above, with four *j>!ni/ <• Inbuilt land*, one
bordering the suture, two peripheral and one basal, the latter con-
cealed on the spire; apex purplish. Surface shining, smooth,
growth-lines rather faint. Spire regularly tapering, the apex ob-
tuse. Whorls 9-10, weakly convex, very regularly and slowly
widening, the last convex. Umbilicus a mere chink.

136 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-GEOCERAS.

Aperture small, oblique, irregularly oval, the outer lip regularly
arcuate, simple; columellar lip /vf/r.ivW, <l//<itt<! ,///?/ r/^/vxxrf/ uhove.
Columellar margin vertical, making an angle with parietal wall,
which bears a slight film of callus. Alt. 18 ?, diam. 7 mill. ; some-
times narrower.

^[<>l^ltf<l!>l* near TnijiUo, Pern (Cuming).

Bitlliin* fnrr!f n* BROD., P. Z. S., 1832, p. 106. — SOWB., Conch.
Illustr., f. 31. — Bitlimu* tnn-lt.ii* DESK., in Lam. An. s. Vert., viii,
p. 275. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 20, f. 124. — PER., Monogr., ii,
p. 178 ; vi, p. 118.

The closely reflexed and appressed columellar margin leaving but
a narrow chink-like perforation, and the regularly tapering spire
are characteristic. In young shells the columellar reflexion is
shorter. The bands are often more or less interrupted into spots ;
the basal band is wider; and there is occasionally a short fifth
band immediately at the base. Some specimens are larger than
above indicated, alt. 26, diam. 7J mill.

The only known locality for this species lies considerably north
of the range of other slender Bostryx forms.

Section 6. Geoceras Pilsbry, 1896.

Shell cylindrical or column-shaped, long (the diam. less than one-
fifth the alt. in known species), imperforate or nearly so, with many
(16-19) narrow whorls, the base of the last defined by an angle or
keel. Aperture small, the outer lip unexpanded, columellar lip
somewhat dilated, appressed. Type B. colnmeHarl* Reeve.

A group of the Peruvian Andes, somewhat resembling Holospira
in the narrow and numerous whorls.

B. COLUMELLARIS Reeve. PI. 45, fig. 6.

Shell imperforate, ci/f!n<l >•!<•</?, rather solid, obliquely striatulate,
shining; bluish flesh-color. Spire long. Whorl* 17, slightly con-
vex, the first 7 forming a cone with rather acute, corneous apex,
the rest of the whorls subequal ; last whorl one-sixth the length of
shell, obtusely carinated below the middle.

Aperture little oblique, subtetragonal-oval ; peristome simple, un-
expanded, the columellar margin reflexed and adnate. Columella
somewhat twisted. Alt. 33, diam. scarcely 6 mill.; aperture 6 mill,
long. (P/V.).

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-GEOCERAS. 137

Anile* of Cn.nniKiri-n (=Catamarca), under stones, 12,000 ft. alt.
(W. Lobb) ; on the A/niri/nne Jiin-r, 70 lent/in:* from Cocabambilla,
at bases of cacti growing in rock crevices (Angrand).

I In /him* en/ii me//</ rix REEVE, P. Z. S., 1849, p. 100 ; Conch. Icon.,
pi. 73, f. 528.— PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 403.— MORELET, Ser. Conch.,
iii, p. 211. — Cure/in ro/niue//<ir!x PFR., olim ; Sjiirn.rl* co/unie//<tr!x
PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 572 ; Nomencl. Hel. Viv., p. 323. — Snfui/imi
colniiirl/urix H. & A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll., p. 111. — M«croeer<nintx
(Anomct) colni>ie//<tri* MART., Die Hel. (2), p. 270.

B. CUSPIDATUS Morelet. PI. 45, fig. 7.

Shell im perforate, cylindrical, smooth, whitish, obliquely streaked

with reddish. Spire elongated, forming an acute cone above.

Whorl* 16, scarcely ro/m-.r, the last scarcely wider than the penulti-

mate, with close, sometimes confluent streaks, and obtusely angular

below the middle.

Aperture small, oblong, subangular ; peristome simple, unex-
pauded ; columellar margin very narrowly dilated and appressed.
Columella nearly straight, narrow. Alt. 30, diarn. 5 mill. (More/.).

Bank* of Apur'nnnr Hirer nt Cocabambilla uml in the f/ori/ex oj
Clwe/injioi/as, at the bases of cacti of the genus Cerent (Angrand).

B. cuspidatus MOREL., Ser. Conch., iii, p. 210, pi. 11, f. 7 (April,
1863). — PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 91. — Rnmina (Obeliscu*) c>i*i>i<ltti(«
PFR.-CLESS., Nomencl. Hel. Viv., p. 318.

This species is one of a peculiar group, confined to Peru, and re-
sembling Cylindrella except in the aperture. The 7 or 8 earlier
whorls form an acute cone ; the rest are of nearly equal caliber,
forming a cylinder ; on the last there is an obtuse angle which is
obsolete on the latter part. The surface appears smooth and shin-
ing, but with a lens superficial growth-stride are readily seen.

B. VERUCULUM Morelet. PL 45, fig. 8.

Shell subiniperforate, cylindrical, arctispiral, rather thin and
smooth, shining, corneous-white, generally banded with reddish.
Spire long, perceptibly tapering, brownish above. Whorls 19,
nearly Hat, the last c<irin<ite<i, tlte baxe flat or concave.

Aperture ovate-rounded, vertical, scarcely exceeding one-seventh
the total length ; peristome unexpanded, the right margin arcuate,
columellar margin narrowly expanded, dilated and somewhat ap-
pressed above. Alt. 24, diam. 4? mill. (Morel.).

Variety : pale corneous, streaked lengthwise with reddish.

Balsa de Cocharcas, Pern (Angrand).

138 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON^EUS.

B. I'n-iiciifitin MOREL., Journ. de Conch., 1860, p. 376 ; Ser,
Conch., iii, p. 211, pi. 11, fig. 11. — PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 95. — Bitli-
iii nf n.s (Peron.ceus) verucnlnm PFR.-CLESS., Nomencl. Hel. Viv., p,
255.

Resembles Cylindrella pruinosa of the Isle of Pines, in form, size
and coloration. The earlier 8 to 9 whorls form the tapering sum-
mit ; the following are nearly equal and their form is quite exactly
cylindrical ; the last whorl is angular below. The shell is shining
and corneous, appearing smooth to the naked eye, but with magni-
fication some growth-stride become visible. The coloration gener-
ally consists of a wide russet-brown band revolving upon a whitish
ground ; the first whorls are always of a uniform brownish shade.
Sometimes the band is indistinct or replaced in whole or in part by
oblique streaks, somewhat confused, reaching from suture to suture.
(Morel.').

Section 7. Perouceus Albers, 1850.

Peronceus ALB., Die Hel., p. 163.— ALB.-MART., Die Hel., I860,
p. 221, (type B. pupiformis). — PFR.-CLESS., Nomencl. Hel. Viv., p.
225.

Shell rimate or perforate, long and narrow, with 7-11 whorls;
aperture ovate, the outer lip expanded or not, columellar lip dilated.
Type B. pupiformis Brod.

The numerous species of this group are restricted to northern
Chili, Peru and the adjacent districts of Bolivia. They inhabit rain-
less situations for the most part, and are found under or among
stones, or at the roots of grass or cacti. Hypsometrically, they
range from near sea-level in Chili, to over 13,000 feet altitude on
the Andean Plateau.

The group is closely allied to LI»soacme, being distinguished merely
by the narrow form, generally more numerous whorls and smaller
aperture.

Group of B. pupiformis.

B. PUPIFORMIS Broderip. PI. 45, figs. 9, 10.

Shell ri mate-perforate, long, tapering above, cylindrical below,
rather solid ; whitish, the earlier whorls blackish-orange or corneous,
or entire shell corneous with narrow irregular white streaks. Sur-
face smoothish, the growth-lines irregular, more prominent at sutures,
and there is some superficial nmlleation throughout. Whorls 10-11 ,

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON^EUS. 139

weakly convex, the last three of about the same diameter, those
above tapering to a slightly mamillar, obtuse, glossy apex ; last
whorl tapering and somewhat compressed toward the base with a
small umbilical excavation.

Aperture slightly over one-fourth the total altitude, oblique,
ovate; peristome obtuse, the outer lip regularly arcuate, distinctly
expanded or spreading below ; columellar lip expanded ; ends con-
nected by a white parietal callus.

Alt. 20, diam. 5'8 mill. ; alt. of aperture 5'3 mill. (Specimen).

Alt. 18, diam. 5 mill.

Alt. 22, diam. 6 mill. ; alt. of aperture 6 mill. (Pfr.).

Hnasco (Cuming) and Coquimbo (Paz & Martinez), Chi?!.

Bitlitms puplfonnis BROD., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 105. — SOWB.,
Conch. Illustr., f. 27. — Bulimus pupiformis PFR., Symb., ii, p. 49;
Monogr., ii, p. 113. — HUPE, in Gay, Historia de Chile, viii, Mala-
cologia p. 114, pi. 2, f. H. — HIDALGO, Moluscos Viaje al Pacif., p.
99.—? REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 14, f. 85.

Allied to B. atacamensis, but with wider and more dilated aper-
ture.

B. ANACHORETA Pfeiffer. PL 45, figs. 11, 12, 13, 14.

Shell nearly covered rimate, fusiform-turrited, rather solid, smooth.
White, sparingly variegated with tawny streaks. Spire convex-
turrited, the apex rather acute, suture very superficial. Whorls 10,
nearly flat, the last scarcely exceeding one-third the length of shell,
attenuated at base. Columella somewhat straightened.

Aperture oblique, subrhombic-oval, white inside ; perixtomc white-
lipped within, the outer margin acute and narrowly expanded,
curved above and then a little straightened; columellar margin
dilated, reflexed and subadnate. Alt. 22, diam. 7J mill. ; aperture
(with peristome), alt. 8 mill. (Pfr.}.

Paposo, Atacama desert, Chili (Philippi, Paz).

B. anachoreta PFR., Malak. Bl., iii, 1856, p. 208 ; Monogr., iv, p.
422; Novit. Conch., iii, p. 376, pi. 87, f. 21, 22.— PHILIPPI, Reise
durch Waste Atacama, p. 184, pi. 7, f. lla, b. — HIDALGO, Journ.
de Conchyl., 1870, p. 56.

According to Philippi, the diameter varies considerable, from 2£
to 3j lines; and the thickness of the callus within the lip also is
variable. His figures illustrating variation are reproduced in f. 13,
14.

1 40 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON^US.

B. LACTIFLUUS Pfeiffer. PI. 45, figs. 15, 16.

Shell similar to B. atacamensis but smaller, with 9? whorls; thin ;
opaque white or faintly lm/, alternating with >itn»tri>ti* corneous or
corneous-brown rugged, irregular streaks, as wide as the white streaks
or wider; smooth, but slightly puckered under the sutures. Last
whorl compressed below, subangular around the small umbilical per-
foration. External coloration visible within the aperture, which is
contained 03 times in altitude of shell, and is rather more expanded
than in B. atacamensis ; peristome thin, ro;y narrotvly expanded;
columellar margin dilated and subreflexed.

Alt. 15, diam. 4*8 mill. (Specimens).

Alt. 16J-17, diam. 4f mill. (Pfr.).

Cobija, Chili (Paz; Coll. A. N. S. P.).

Bulimus lactifluus PFR., P. Z. S.. 1856, p. 330; Monogr., iv, p.
407 ; Novit. Couch., p. 425, pi. 96, f. 13, 14.— HIDALGO, Journ. de
Conchyl., 1870, p. 56.

Some specimens are albino with orange-black apical whorls; in
others the apex is either dark or corneous. The species is very near
to B. atacamensis, but smaller, more variegated than is usual in that
form, and with the outer lip a trifle expanded. These differences,
however, may be merely varietal. Pfeifter's specimens were a little
larger than those before me, and had 10 to 11 whorls.

B. ATACAMENSIS Pfeiffer. PL 45, figs. 17, 18, 19, 20.

Shell rimate-perforate, long, tapering, the last two whorls of about
equal diameter ; rather thin ; opaque-white, with irregular brown or
corneous stripes, sometimes the white predominating ; apical whorls
corneous or dark. Surface slightly shining, smooth, faintly or not
puckered below the sutures. Whorls 10-11, a little convex, the last
compressed below, subangular around the small umbilical excava-
tion.

Aperture narrow-ovate, contained about 3? times in length, but
slightly oblique; peristome thin, acute, the outer lip not expanded,
columellar lip dilated above; parietal callus very slight.

Alt. 19, diam. 5£ mill.: alt. aperture 5'2 mill. (Specimen).

Alt. 19, diam. 5£ mill.; alt. aperture 5t mill. (Pfr.).

Paposo, Atacama Desert, Chili (Philippi).

But! »> it* atacamensis PFR., Malak. BL, iii, 1856, p. 207 ; Monogr.,
iv, p. 486.— HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch., 1870, p. 57; 1875, p. 128,
pi. 7, f. 5. — Bit/linn* /oiiyitrio CROSSE, Journ. Conch., 1869, p. 184.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON.EUS. 141

The aperture is narrower than in B. pupiformis, and the outer lip
is acute and not expanded. Hidalgo thinks that Reeve's figure
85 represents this species and not the true pupiformis.

B. NANUS Reeve. PI. 45, fig. 22.

Shell rather elongated, umhilicated. Whorls 8, convex, very
finely striated, strice slightly plicated beneath the sutures. Columella
vertical ; aperture small ; lip simple. Pale ash color, obscurely
marked here and there with light brown streaks, apex brown. Alt.
10 mill (Reeve).

Chili.

Bnlimu* iianus REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 79, fig. 585 (Sept., 1849).
— ? PER., Monogr., iii, p. 344.

PfeifFer's description must be consulted with hesitation, for it was
probably based upon another species. B. nanus is not known to me
by specimens. It seems very closely allied to B. lactifluns and
atacamensis.

B. LEUCOSTICTUS Philippi. PI. 45, figs. 23, 24.

Shell subumbilicate, fusiform-turrited, thin, rather smooth ;
brownish, maculate and guttate with milky in scattered pattern.
Whorls 8-9, moderately convex, the last one-fourth the length.

Aperture oblong-ovate, little oblique ; peristome simple, thin, sub-
reflexed ; columellar margin broadly expanded ; margins approach-
ing, joined by a delicate parietal callus. (Phil.).

Alt. 61, diarn. 2 lines; aperture, alt. 2} lines. (Phil.).

Alt. 14*, diam. 4£ mill.; aperture, alt. 4} mill. (Pfr.).

Paposo, desert of Atacama, Chili (Phil.).

Bulimus leucostictus PHIL., Malak. Bl., 1856, p. 53; Reise durch
die Wiiste Atacama, p. 184. — PER., Mouogr., iv, p. 411; Novit.
Conch., iii, p. 413, pi. 94, f. 17, 18.— HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch.,
1870, p. 56.

This species shows sometimes a whitish, sometimes an almost rose-
red color. It differs from B. lichenum in the smaller size, thinner
shell and different coloration ; the peristome is more strongly ex-
panded, especially toward the columella, and the ends approach
more. It differs from B. terebralis in being umbilicated, less
slender, and with more approaching ends of the peristome. (Phil.).

Pfeiffer describes it as " striatulate, pale corneous, variegated with
dots and little lines of opaque white."

142 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON.EUS.

B. SCABIOSUS Sowerby. PI. 45, fig. 21.

Shell rimate-perforate, oblong-acuminate, closely and distinctly
striate, rather solid ; variegated corneous and white, the apex black-
ish. Whorls 8, rather flat, the last one-third the length of shell.
Columella obliquely receding. Aperture oblong-oval, the peristome
simple, unexpanded, columellar margin broadly dilated. Alt. 16,
diam. 4£ mill.; aperture, alt. 5z mill. (Pfr.*),

Cobija, Chili, under stones (Cuming, Orb.).

Bulinus scabiosus SOWB., P. Z. S., 1833, p. 74 ; Conch. Illustr., f.
24. — Bulimus scabiosus ORB., Voy. dans 1'Amer. Merid., p. 263 ;
POT. & MICH., Galerie, i, p. 154, pi. 15, f. 7, 8. — REEVE, Conch.
Icon., pi. 14, f. 84. — PER., Monogr., ii, p. 210; vi, p. 139; Conchyl.
Cab., p. 232, pi. 62, f. 34-36.

B. TEREBRALIS Pfeiffer. PI. 45, fig. 30.

Shell rimate perforate, with the large umbilical area defined by an
angle; subulate; whitish, becoming bluish-brown above. Surface
lusterless, irregularly wrinkle-striate, the strife somewhat cut into
granules by spiral impressed lines which are generally more prom-
inent above. Spire tapering from the last whorl to the blunt,
smooth, brownish-corneous apex. Whorls about 10j, nearly flat,
the last cylindrical, obliquely truncated below by a blunt but project-
ing angle, oner which the riblets do not pass, and which defines the
umbilical tract.

Aperture one-fourth the altitude, oblique, ovate, white inside.
Outer lip acute, expanded and thickened within ; columellar lip
dilated above, vaulting over the minute perforation.

Alt. 19-5, diam. 5'2 mill.

Alt. 20-3, diam. 4-2 mill.

Coquimbo, Chili, under stones and on plants by the shore (Bridges).

Bui hit it* terebralis PFR., P. Z. S., 1842, p. 187 ; Symbols, ii, p.
51 ; Monogr., ii, p. 114; 5v, p. 55. — HUPE in Gay, Hist. Chile, viii,
p. 115, pi. 3, f. 9.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 14, f. 79.

Varies somewhat in width, but not much in other characters.
The sculpture and the basal keel are characteristic. It is allied to
the smoother and stouter B. piipi/ormis, but the basal carina also
suggests relationship with the group of B. columellaris.

B. BISCULPTUS Pfeiffer. PI. 45, figs. 25, 26.

Shell subperforate, obloug-turrited, rather solid ; lightly plicate-
striate above, smooth below the middle ; slightly shining ; white,

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON^EUS. 143

Irregularly ornamented with longitudinal reddish lines, interrupted
into dots, sometimes in pairs. Spire turrited, the apex a little acute,
pale. Whorls 8J, convex, the last not attaining one-third the entire
altitude, and somewhat attenuated at base.

Aperture slightly oblique, auriform-oval, white within ; peristome
simple, not expanded, acute ; columellar margin very much dilated
above, reflexed, almost closing the perforation. Columella somewhat
twisted. Alt. 18, diam. 6 mill. ; aperture 6 mill, long, 3 wide.

Province of Huancayo, Peru.

B. bisculptus PFR., Malak. BL, xvi, 1869, p. 89 ; Novit. Conch.,
iii, p. 492, pi. 106, f. 7, 8 ; Monogr., viii, p. 156.

Similar to B. emaciatus Morel., but differing in the regularly
turrited spire and form of the aperture. It differs from B. elatus
Phil, in the more convex, shorter whorls, nearly closed perforation,
etc. (P/V.).

B. EMACIATUS Morelet. PI. 45, figs. 27, 28.

Shell subimperfomte, turrited-subulate ; rather solid, obsoletely
ribbed-striate ; opaque, hardly shining, white. Suture impressed.
Spire lengthened, the apex pale corneous. Whorls 10, convex, the
last not reaching one-fourth the total length of shell.

Aperture oblique, oblong-oval, attenuated at base, brownish-yellow
inside ; peristome simple, not expanded, the columella margin nar-
rowly dilated and appressed. Alt. 22, diam. 5£ mill.

A variety is striated longitudinally with reddish.

Interior vallies and plateaux in the Sierra, from Ayacucho to Cuzco,
Peru (Angrand).

Bulimus emaciatus MOREL., Ser. Couch., iii, p. 201, pi. 11, f. 10
(1863).— PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 119.

This species, belonging to the group of B. lic/inium, hamiltoni,
rhodacme, etc., is a very much elongated shell, solid, white, moder-
ately shining, with rare traces of punctation. The two or three
earlier whorls of the spire are smooth and corneous; the following
are engraved with oblique and rather wide but superficial stria* ; the
last whorl has a moderate aperture, noticeably angular at the base
and fawn-colored inside. The columella is nearly vertical, dilated
feebly above, forming a triangular lamina which is applied to the
umbilical region. When this expansion does not adhere quite

144 BUL1MULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON/EUS.

exactly to the part of the whorl-wall there is a narrow chink left,
which must not be confused with a real perforation.

B. emarintiiK is not without analogy with B. hamiltoni, but is dis-
tinguished by the lengthened spire with three more whorls, by the
form of the aperture and the absence of an umbilical perforation.
Moreover, the shell is less rudely and less deeply striate. (Morel.).

B. SPICULATUS Morelet. PI. 45, fig. 29.

Shell r-imate, subulate, slightly solid, pale brownish ashen, some-
times with faint oblique brown streaks, the apical whorls either
corneous, purplish or reddish. Surface lusterless, closely, finely and
rather regularly rib-striate. Spire slowly tapering with slightly con-
vex outlines to an obtuse apex. Whorls about 1(H, the earlier
smooth and convex, the rest nearly flat ; last whorl gently rounded
below, the rib-striae extending into umbilical rimation.

Aperture small, contained about 4j times in altitude of shell,.
chestnut-brown within, oblique. Outer lip acute, slightly ex-
panded below ; columella rather long, its inner edge with a convex
fold; outer margin dilated above; parietal callus slight. Alt.
19-24, diam. 4-5 mill.

Valley of Ollantaitambo, Peru, in arid places among cacti (An-
grand).

Bulimus spiculattis MOREL, Journ. Conch., 1860, p. 375; Ser.
Conch., iii, p. 203, pi. 11, f. 3. — PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 55.

This is even more slender than most specimens of B. terebralis,
with smaller and colored aperture, no basal keel, and lacking spiral
sculpture.

B. ACROMELAS Morelet. PL 45, fig. 31.

Shell subimperforate, subulate-turrited, rather solid ; irregularly
flexuously striate, somewhat shining. White, marked with rare
corneous dots, bluish-black above. Spire lengthened, perceptibly
tapering, rather acute. Whorls 11, a little convex, the last slightly
exceeding one-fourth the length.

Aperture oblique, small, attenuated at base, irregularly semioval ;
peristome simple, not expanded, thecolumellar margin dilated above
and appressed. Alt. 17, diam. 5 mill. (Morel.).

Vallies of Ayacucho and Urubamba, Peru (Angrand).

B. acromelas MOREL., Ser. Conch., iii, p. 202, pi. 11, f. 1. — PFR.,
Monogr., vi, p. 1 19.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERONJEUS. 145

Distinguished from other species of the same group, by the insen-
sible tapering of the spire toward the apex, and cylindrical form
toward the base. The earlier three whorls are of a brownish-violet,
which fades out below, the latter two whorls being nearly pure
white. The umbilical region ordinarily has a trace of a russet zone.
The surface is engraved with irregular, flexuous stria?, more pro-
nounced toward the sutures; and there is a small number of brown
or corneous dots, scattered at random over the surface.

•

B. LICHENORUM d'Orbigny. PI. 46, figs. 34, 35.

Shell elongated, turriculate, umbilicated ; striate or subrugose ;
whitish, longitudinally marbled with grayish-yellow, a reddish spot
on the last whorl near the mouth. Spire lengthened, subconic, the
apex obtuse. Whorls 8, equal, suture fiat. Aperture oblong, nar-
row, whitish, the lip thin, sharp ; columella thick, a little dilated,
in part covering the narrow and rather shallow umbilicus.

Alt, 15, diam. 5 mill. (Orb.).

Plains at the foot of the mountains of Cobija, on lichen-covered
rocks exposed to the sun. (Orb.).

Helix lichnorum d'ORB., Mag. cle Zool., 1835, p. 20. NotBulimis
lychnorum d'Orb., SOWB., Conch. Illustr., f. 81, 82. — Bulimus lich-
enorum d'ORB., Voy. dans 1'Amer. Merid., p. 264, pi. 41, f. 9-11. —
Cochlicellus lichenum BECK, Index, p. 63. — Bulimus lichenum PFR.,
Monogr., ii, p. 112 ; iii, 346.

Allied to B. scabiosus, but distinguished by the white color mar-
bled with gray instead of brown, the less elongated form, and the
whorls of the spire are not swollen.

B. SUBCACTORUM Pilsbry, n. n. PI. 46, fig. 36 (enlarged).

Shell oblong-turrited, umbilicate ; whorls 7, somewhat rounded,
smooth or finely striated ; columella reflected. Aperture rather
small, lip simple. Bluish-white, with a few oblique ashy streaks,
apex blackish. (Reeve).

Chilon, Bolivia, under dead trunks of cacti (Bridges).

Bulimus lichenorum REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 14, f. 83, not of
d'Orbigny.

The dark apex, regular oblique streaks and apparent lack of a
brown spot behind the peristome, indicate that Reeve's shell is not
the true B. lichenorum of d'Orbigny. The localities, moreover, are
widely separated.
10

146 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON^EUS.

B. TSCHUDII Troschel. PI. 45, figs. 32, 33.

Shell perforate, oblong, the apex attenuated, rather acute; some-
what smooth or striate, opaque, whitish, sometimes with brown
bauds of dots. Whorls 7-8, convex, the last somewhat compressed
in the middle, one-third the entire length.

Aperture oval-oblong ; peristome simple, not expanded, the mar-
gins converging ; right margin curved above, produced forward ;
columellar margin short, subvertical and dilated.

Alt. 9, diam. 3J mill. ; aperture, alt. 2f mill. (Pfr.).

Huaura and Huacho, Peru, on walls (Ttehudi).

B u limns tschudii TROSCHEL, Archiv fur Naturg., 1852, i, p. 195,
pi. 5, f. 7.— PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 163 (1848) ; vi, p. 103.

This species is especially distinguished by the compression of the
last whorl. All of the specimens collected, about 30 in number,
were so characterized ; and in most of them the compression was so
great that the whorl could not be called convex, and an indication
of two faint keels was meutionable. Most of the specimens were
weathered and had lost their color, wholly or in part. On some
could be seen that on a yellowish translucent ground, there are very
irregular, white, opaque flecks ; that further, a few irregular longi-
tudinal brown streaks occur ; and that there are narrow, brown
interrupted spiral bauds, three on the upper, six on the last whorl.
(Troschel).

Group of B. williamsi.

B. WILLIAMSI Pfeiffer. PI. 46, figs. 37, 38, 39.

Shell im perforate, subulate, rather solid, striatulate ; white,
painted with deep chestnut streaks, darker and closer below ; spire
turrited, the apex obtuse. Whorls 8, rather flat, the last not one-
third the entire length, compressed at base.

Aperture slightly oblique, oblong ; peristome simple, not ex-
panded, the margins subparallel, columellar margin thin, adnate.

Alt. 24, diam. 6$ mill.; aperture 7s mill, long, 3 wide. (Pfr^-

Catamarca, Andes of Peru (Williams).

Bui. williamsi PFR., P. Z. S., 1858, pi. 257, pi. 42, f. 1 ; Malak.
Bl., 1859, p. 44 ; Monogr., vi, p. 108 ; Novit. Conch., iii, p. 467, pi.
101, f. 24, 25.

Judging from what I have seen, this species is sometimes decol-
late and plugged like a Cylindrella. Such a specimen before me

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON^EUS. 147

has 6| whorls remaining. There is an umbilical rimation, and the
aperture is dark-streaked within, with a faint trace of a spiral light
median band.

B. PELIOSTOMUS Philippi. PI. 46, figs. 40, 41.

Shell compressed-umbilicate, oblong-turrited, solid, rather roughly
striate, a little shining, white. Spire long, somewhat regularly tur-
rited, the apex acute ; suture slight, irregularly crenulated. Whorls
7, the embryonic convex and glossy, the rest rather flat ; last whorl
about three-sevenths the shell's length, compressed and narroived at
base.

Aperture subvertical, narrowly oblong, rounded at base, black-
brown inside ; peristome simple, the margins subparallel, outer mar-
gin very gently ascending above, the columellar margin dilated and
wide above, black-brown. Alt. 21, diam. 7 mill. ; aperture, alt. 9,
width 3$ mill. (P/V.).

Between Joco* and the Maranon River, Peru (Raimondi) ; Pataz,
Peru (Paz).

B. peliostmmis Phil, in letter, PFR., Malak. Bl., xiv, 1867, p. 77 ;
Mouogr., vi, p. 136 ; Novit. Conch., iii, p. 466, pi. 101, f. 22, 23.-
HIDALGO, Jouru. de Conch., 1875, p. 131.

Shorter than B. ivilliamsi, umbilicate, and white outside.

B. ANDOICUS MoreleL PI. 46, figs. 42, 43, 44.

Shell narrowly umbilicated, rather solid, oblong-turrited, sub-
fusiform, obsoletely striated, little shining ; whitish, striped with nar-
row, pale reddish streaks, fajnter on last whorl. Spire sensibly
attenuated, the apex rather acute. Whorls 8, slightly convex, the
last attenuated at base, compressed around the wnl>Ui<-nx, three-
sevenths the length of the shell.

Aperture oblong, little dilated, subangular beneath, tawny wine-
color within ; peristome simple, uuexpanded, the basal margin a
trifle expanded; margin* approaching, the outer regularly arcuate,
columellar nearly straight, dilated and somewhat reflexed. Alt.
26-30, diara. 9-10 mill. (Morel.}.

Variety : smaller, whitish or ashen, unicolored or irregularly
banded. Alt. 22, diatn. 7* mill.

Valley of Ayacucho, Peru, in arid places (Angrand).

B. andoicu* MOREL., Jouru. de Conch., 1860, p. 373 ; Ser. Conch.,
iii, p. 198, pi. 11, f. 13.— PFR., Mouogr., vi, p. 120.

148 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON^EUS.

Variable in size. The last whorl is compressed around the um-
bilicus, which is generally narrow and not deep. In some individ-
uals the umbilicus is very narrow, and the basal angle tends to dis-
appear. It is wider than the somewhat allied B.williaind Pfr.

B. PRODUCTUS Philippi. PL 4G, figs. 46, 47, 48.

Shell compressed-perforate, oblong-turrited, rather solid, irre-
gularly striate or subrugulose, little shining, flesh-whitish, sometimes
marked with pale brownish linear streaks. Spire turrited, the apex
rather acute, suture impressed. Whorls 7-7 5, the embryonal whorls
glabrous and subcorneous, the rest moderately convex, last whorl
scarcely two-fifths the length of shell, a little compressed at base.

Aperture subvertical, oblong, brownish-fleshy inside ; peristome
simple, thin, the outer lip unexpanded, slightly arcuate above ; col-
umellar lip dilated above, reflexed, spreading over the perforation.
Alt. 21 i, diam. 7£ mill. ; alt. of aperture 8§ mill. (Pfr.).

Sierra Cotahuasi, Peru (Raimondi).

B. productus Phil., PFR., Malak. BL, xiv, p. 77, 1867; Novit.
Conch., p. 353, pi. 82, f. 23-25 ; Monogr., vi, p. 140.

Very similar to the figure of B. andoicus Morel., but the aperture
is not angular at base.

B. ALBICOLOR Morelet. PL 46, figs. 49, 50.

Shell rimate, rather solid, oblong-turrited, irregularly and deli-
cately striatulate, shining, whitish. Spire turrited, the apex acute,
corneous, sometimes violaceous. Whorls 8, convex, the last shortly
attenuated at base, somewhat compressed around the narrow rima-
tion, and nearly three-sevenths the length of shell.

Aperture oblong oval, tawny inside ; peristome simple, acute, un-
expanded, the outer margin lightly arcuate, columellar margin very
narrowly dilated above, reflexed. (il/ore/.).

Alt. 28, diam. 9 mill, (typical).

Alt. 18, diam. 7 mill, (small form).

Huunta, and valley of Apurimac R., Peru (Angrand).

B. albicolor MORELET, Journ. Conch., 1860, p. 374; Ser. Conch.,
iii, p. 199, pi. 11, f. 9.— PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 135.

A shell of variable size, uniform white outside, russet fawn color
within, with the margins of the peristome darker and the earlier two
whorls of a fawn or purple shade. It is engraved with superficial,
irregular strue, and marked with a very small number of black is-h

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON^EUS. 149

dots, scattered at random, as in B. andoicK*. It differs from a/ndoicus
in the contraction of the umbilical cavity, the form of the aperture,
which is less elongated, and by the quite considerable separation of
the ends of the peristome.

B. LESUEUREANUS Morelet. PL 46, fig. 45.

Shell ri mate-perforate, turrited ; a little shining, opaque, whitish,
unicolored or banded with ashen. Apex acute and pale corneous.
Whorls 7, little convex, the uppermost smooth, the rest eostulate-
striate ; last whorl usually somewhat rugose, shortly attenuated at
base, rounded, compressed around the rimation, not attaining one-
third the length of shell.

Aperture subvertical, oblong, pale fulvous within ; peristome
simple, acute, unexpanded, the columellar margin narrowly dilated
and reflexed. Alt. 22, diam. 7 mill. (Morel.).

Pomacocha and Cocharcas, Andean Plateau, Peru (Angrand).

i

B. lesueureanus MOREL., Journ. Conch., viii, 1860, p. 374 ; Ser.
Conch., iii, p. 200, pi. 9, f. 4.— PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 137.

This Bulimus is white with a perceptible tint of fawn at the
base, and some sparse vestiges of punctation. Certain individuals
are unicolored, others ornamented with gray bands which are more
or less numerous, sometimes confluent, and visible within the aper-
ture. The earliest whorls of the spire are smooth and corneous ; the
rest sculptured with small, low, sinuous and close riblets, progres-
sively enlarging and then becoming unequal and confused ; the last
sometimes with cracks and irregular rugosities. It is narrower than
B. albicolor. This species lives at Pomacocha and Cocharcas, tem-
perate vallies of the plateau of the Cordillera, where the culture of
wheat reaches its extreme limit.

B. HAMILTON! Reeve. PI. 46, fig. 51.

Shell umbilicate, turrited ; rather solid, rudely plieate-striate ;
opaque, white; spire elongated, slender, the apex red. Whorls 8,
convex, the last not attaining one-third the length, somewhat com-
pressed around the narrow umbilicus. Columella receding. Aperture
little oblique, oval ; peristome simple, unexpanded, the margins ap-
proaching, columellar margin widely reflexed above. Alt. 18, diam.
6 mill. ; aperture 5J mill, long, 3 wide. (-P/V.).

Mountain* near Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, 14000 ft. alt. (Pentland).

150 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON.EUS.

Bulimu* hamiltoni REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 83, f. 610 (Dec.,
1849).— PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 429; iv, p. 493; vi, p. 140.— HUPE,
in Castelnau's Exped., Moll., p. 49, pi. 9, f. 5. — MORELET, Ser.
Conch., iii, p. 201.

M. Angrand collected this species in Peru, between Aguas
Calientes and Andahuaylas, on the slopes of the temperature vallies
of the Cordillera, and in the cold regions of Argama and Huan-
carama. It is found in dry places, on herbaceous plants.

B. ELATUS Philippi. PI. 46, figs. 52, 53.

Shell perforate, conic-turrited, irregularly striatulate, often pli-
catulate towards the apex, a little shining. White, unicolored or
ornamented with pale brown streaks. Spire turrited, the apex
rather acute, pale corneous. Whorls 9 to 10, a little convex, the
last not attaining one-third the altitude, rarely begirt with a brown
line below the middle; base rounded.

Aperture little oblique, oblong; peristome simple, unexpanded,
acute ; columellar margin membranous, reflexed above, nearly
covering the perforation. Dimensions of largest specimen: alt. 21 1
diam. 6 mill. ; aperture, alt. 6, width 3? mill. (Pfr.).

Between Mayoc and Huanta, Peru (Raimondi).

B. claim PHIL., Malak. Bl., xvi, 1869, p. 33.— PFR., t. c., p. 89;
Novit. Conch., iii, p. 469, pi. 102, f. 5, 6 ; Mongr., viii, p. 173.

Similar in form to B. hamiltoni Reeve, but the perforation is nar-
row ; whorls striatulate, not plicate ; and the aperture narrower,
and oblong.

B. CERATACME Pfeiffer. Unfigwed.

Shell deeply and narrowly rimate, subfusiform-oblong, rather
solid, irregularly striatulate, little shining; fleshy-whitish. Spire
elongate, the apex corneous, rather obtuse. Whorls 7 3-, little con-
vex, the median ones remotely and obsoletely streaked with corneous,,
last whorl slightly exceeding a third of the total alt., somewhat
attenuated at base. Columella receding, lightly folded. Aperture
slightly oblique, oblong-oval ; peristome acute, somewhat lipped
within, the margins approximating, joined by a thin callus, right
margin expanded, arcuate above, columellar margin widened. Alt.
18-1, diam. 6 mill. ; aperture 7 mill, long, 4 wide. (-P/V.).

Peru f

B. ceratacme PFR., P. Z. S., 1855, p. 8 ; Monogr., iv, p. 424.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON.EUS. 151

Similar to Buliminus sidoniensis Fer., differing in the oblong
aperture, columellar fold, etc. (Pj '/-.).

Locality and systematic position very doubtful.

B. BIFORMIS Pfeiffer. PI. 46, figs. 61, 62.

Shell profoundly rimate, ovate-oblong, rather solid, rather rugosely
striatulate. Spire ovate-conic, the apex obtuse ; suture subcrenate.
Whorls 6, the earlier 3 corneous and convex, the rest a little con-
vex, whitish ; last whorl about equal to two-fifths the total alt., a
little compressed at base.

Aperture little oblique, truncate-oblong, the columella very
slightly folded ; peristome white-lipped, margins joined by a thin
callus, the outer margin uuexpanded, a little expanded below ; col-
umellar margin dilated, flat, wide. Alt. 14, diam. 6 mill. ; aperture,
alt. 6, width 3 mill. (P/r.).

Peru .'

B. biformis PFR., Malak. Bl., i, 1854, p. 223 ; Monogr., iv, p. 498 ;
Novit. Conch., iii, p. 492, pi. 106, f. 5, 6.

A very doubtful member of this group. It may prove to be an
Old World species of the genus Buliminus.

B. WOODWARDI Pfeiffer. Unfigured.

Shell perforate, ovate-turrited, rather solid, striatulate and sub-
malleate, rather shining, tawny-white. Spire long-conic, rather
acute. Whorls 8, a little convex, the last little shorter than the
spire, subattenuated at base. Columella receding. Aperture ob-
lique, oval-oblong ; peristome simple, unexpanded, the right margin
slightly arcuate ; columellar margin dilated above, vaultingly re-
flexed, half covering the narrow perforation. Alt. 31, diam. 13-j
mill. ; alt. of aperture 15, width 7 mill. (P/V-).

Andes of Peru (Cuming Coll.).

B. woodwardi PFR., P. Z. S, 1856, p. 332 ; Monogr., iv, p. 488 ;
Nomencl. Hel. Viv., p. 256 (Pero/tceus*).

B. CALCHAQUINUS Doering.

Shell rimate, fusiform-turrited, thin, irregularly and closely rugose-
striated ; corneous or corneous-buff, variegated with whitish, raised,
rugose, irregular streaks. Spire long, rather obtuse. Whorls 8,
moderately convex, the first corneous, smooth ish, the rest varie-
gated ; last whorl convex, about one-third the total alt.

1 52 BULIMULUS-BOSTR YX-PERON^EUS.

Aperture oblong-oval; peristome simple, acute, straight; col-
umellar margin reflexed, half covering the perforation. Alt. 17-19,
diam. 6$-7 mill.; aperture, length 6£, width 82 mill. (Doer.}.
Sierra de Belen, prov. Catamarca, Argentina (Dr. Hieronymus).

Peronceus calchaquimis DOER., Bol. Acad. Nac. Cien. Rep. Ar-
gent., iii, p. 64 (1879).

Readily distinguished from famcttinus by the color and size; the
aperture is relatively smaller, columellar margin a little more nar-
rowly reflexed, whorls more convex, etc.

B. FAMATINUS Doering.

Shell rimate, thin, fusiform-turrited, longitudinally rather closely
costulate, opaque whitish (or rarely with a few corneous streaks) ;
spire long, the apex a little attenuated, slightly obtuse. Whorls 7,
the earlier yellowish, smooth ; last whorl slightly exceeding one-
third the length. Columella simple; aperture oblong, oval ; per-
istome simple, straight; columellar margin narrowly reflexed, partly
closing the perforation. Length 19, diam. 6 mill.; length of apert-
ture 6-65, width 4 mill. (Do&ring).

Sierra de la Rioja, at about 2000 meters alt., betiveen Rioja and
Ckilecito, Prov. Rioja, Argentina (Stelzner).

Peronceus famatinus DOER., Bol. Acad. Nac. Cien. Rep. Argent.,
iii, p. 63.

The jaw has 12 narrow plaits. Teeth in straight transverse series.
It is thus a true Bulimulii*.

Group of r hod acme.

B. RHODACME Pfeiffer. PI. 46, fig. 54.

Shell openly rimate, narrowly long-ovate, rather solid. Wliitr,
with irregular pellucid or pink mani/ation, often suffused irit/i « >•»*<-
ate blush on the spire, sometime* unicnlorcd white. Surface lusterless,
with rude, irregular growth-stride, sparsely decussated, or bearing gran-
ule* in spiral series. Spire conic, with slightly convex outlines, the
apex obtuse. Whorls 6, the IIJIJHT ones very conir.c with deep sutures,
the lower two less convex, suture slightly and irregularly crenulate ;
the apical li whorls smooth, corneous or roseate. Last whorl not
compressed below.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-PERON^TJS. 153

Aperture over one-third the altitude of xhell, long-oval, white
within ; perixtoine not expanded, *li<jli1ly thickened irifhin, the col-
umellar margin dilated above.

Alt. 12'6, diain. 5'2 mill. ; alt. of aperture 4'8 mill.

Alt. 12-2, diam. 5 mill. ; alt. of aperture 4'6 mill.

Frierliia, near Hiw*c<>, Chili (Bridges), under low cacti.

Sulimus rhodacme PFR., P. Z. S., 1842, p. 187 ; Symbolic, ii, p.
50; Mpnogr., ii, p. 211 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 230, pi. 62, f. 25-27.-
HUPE in Gay, Hist. Chile, p. 113. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 14, f.

77.

The rose color is variable in amount, and nearly absent on some
specimens. The sculpture is quite characteristic, although also
variable in degree of development.

B. PUSTULOSUS Broderip. PI. 46, fig. 58.

Shell umbilicate-rimate, oblong-conical, rather solid, calcareous.
White or pale brownish, often with some scattered corneous-brown
dots, the earlier two whorls corneous. Surface lusterless, rudely
closely and irregularly plicate-striate, irith stronger folds at rat her wide
but unequal interval*; the longitudinal folds and strioj cut into rather
coarse granule* by incited spiral*, unequally developed ; the sculpt-
ure weaker above, absent on the smooth apical whorls. Spire
conic ; whorls 6-65, convex, the last with an ample umbilical excava-
tion, but only a minute perforation.

Aperture subovate, contained 2£ to 2J times in altitude of shell,
whitish or brown inside ; peristome slightly thickened within, the
outer lip regularly arcuate, not expanded, columellar lip dilated
above, ends of the lip approaching.

Alt. 14, diam. 7; mill.

Alt. 13-2, diam. 6'8 mill.

Huaxco, Chili (Cuming, Paz and Martinez), under stones in
sandy situations.

Bill-in a* /mxtiilosn* BROD., P. Z. S., 1832, p. 105. — SOWB., Conch.
Illustr., f. 23 (not good). — ftulimn.* j>ii*tii/oanx DH. in An. s. Vert.,
viii, p. 273. — PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 217 ; vi, 140 ; Conchyl. Cab., p.
227, pi. 62, f. 13-15.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 20, f. 127.— HUPE
in Gay, Hist. Chile, viii, p. 112, pi. 2, f. 4.— HIDALGO, Mol. Viaje
al Pacif, p. 90 ; Journ. de Conch., 1870, p. 53.

Very much stouter than B. rhodacme, and more irregularly and
roughly sculptured, but evidently allied. There is a wide range of

154 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

variation in the development of the sculpture, some specimens beingp
conspicuously granulate, others very obsoletely so. The compara-
tive width also varies.

B. SCALARIOIDES Philippi. PI. 46, figs. 59, 60.

Shell perforate, oblong-turrited, solid, striatulate and sculptured
with rather remote strong folds (about 10 on the last whorl). Opaque,
white. Spire turrited, the apex rather obtuse; suture profound.
Whorls 6, convex, the last nearly equalling two-fifths the length of
the shell.

Aperture subvertical, oblong, flexli-colored Inside ; jieristome
simple, the right margin unexpanded, arcuate above ; columella
brownish, shining, dilated above, nearly appressed. Alt. 12i, diam.
5 mill. ; aperture, alt. 5 mill. (Pfr.~).

Pataz (Paz), and Province of Conehucos, Pern.

B. scalarioides Phil, in sched., PFR., Malak. Bl., xiv, 1867, p. 77 ;
Monogr., vi, p. 140. — HIDALGO, Journ. de Conchyl., 1870, p. 53;
xxiii, 1875, p. 128, pi. 7, f. 4.

Hidalgo gives the number of longitudinal folds as 10 to 14 on the
last whorl.

Section 8. Lissoacme Pilsbry, 1896.

Lissoacme PILS., Nautilus, ix, p. 114 (Feb. 1, 1896). — Scutahis
Thaumastm and Ehabdotus in part of authors.

Bulimuli of rather stout, ovate contour, with the smooth, glossy
first whorl and initial dimple of Bostryx. Aperture over a third,
usually about one half the total length, the outer lip simple and uu-
expanded (with very few exceptions), the columellar lip dilated, col-
umella foldless or nearly so ; umbilicate or perforate. Type B. ery-
tlirostomus,

The forms included in this section (which like the foregoing sec-
tions of Bostryx is a division for convenience rather than a sharply
defined group) are especially characteristic of Chili, Peru, and the
adjacent portion of Bolivia. Few occur so far north as Ecuador.
Eastward, the group extends entirely across Argentina, but here the
species are conspicuously thin-shelled, while the trans-Andean types
are of solid and earthy texture.

North American Bulimuli of the B. dealbatus and schledeanus
group closely resemble the Lissoacme species in form and texture,,
but the characters of the earliest whorls are completely different.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME. 155-

The smooth apex is a perfectly constant and reliable diagnostic
feature ; but as few descriptions mention the minute sculpture of the
apex, it is impossible at present to classify with any degree of cer-
tainty, those forms not known to me 'by specimens. It will be
necessary to reexamine the types of a large number of species, in
order to discriminate between some forms of Scutalux, Lissoacme,.
Leptomerus and even Drymceus. Some thin species of Argentina and
Boliviat in particular are of doubtful position, and will remain so
until the characters of their apices are made known.

The species are very numerous, and for the present may be thrown
into groups as follows :

a. Adult shell strongly keeled ; surface malleated,

Group of B. reentsL
aa. Adult shell with rounded periphery.

b. Outer lip expanded, Group of B. derelictus*

bb. Outer lip not expanded.

c. Surface wrinkled or striate, with no spiral lines,

Group of B. henna hL
cc. Surface wrinkled or striate, with spiral lines,

Group of B. erythrostomus*

cec. Shell thin, unicolored or streaked, species of Argentina
and Bolivia, Group of B. apodemetes.

Group of B. reentsi.

B. REENTSI Philippi. PL 48, figs. 89, 90.

Shell umbilicated, ovate-conic, keeled, solid and calcareous. Dull
white. Surface roughly sculptured with very irregular longitudinal
and short transverse wrinkles, having a crinkled or shrivelled
aspect. Spire conic ; apex mamillar, smooth and corneous, or some-
times eroded. Whorls 7, slightly convex, the last carinated at the
periphery, but slightly convex below, not excavated around the
rather narrow but deep and well-? ike umbilicus.

Aperture less than half the length of shell, very oblique, subrhom-
boidal ; peristome white, sharp, the outer and basal lips expanded ;
columella straight, reHexed, the recurved margin wider above, partly
closing the umbilicus ; parietal wall calloused. Entire interior of
aperture deep purple and rose.

Alt. 25, diarn. 18 mill.

Top of a lofty sand hill near Chala, Peru (Erneste Denicke),

156 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

Bulimus reentn PHILIPPI, Zeitschr. f. Mai., viii, p. 30, no. 1, June,
1851.— PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 372 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 124, pi. 36, f.
22, 23. — Bodryx reentzi SCHAUF., in Paetel's Catal., p. 81. — Bufimus
denickei GRAY, P. Z. S., 1.851, p. 92 (published Dec. 7, 1852 ; see
P. Z. S., 1893, p. 439).— REEVE, t. c., p. 93.— PFR., Monogr., iv, p.
440. — Orthalicus (Rabdotus) denekei H. & A. AD., Gen. Rec. Moll.,
p. 158.

Slightly like B. binneyanus Pfr., but differs markedly in sculpture,
and in the absence of a keel on the whorls of the spire. Reeve very
justly compares it to .B. lemnixcatus Desh., a species which is not
keeled, but is certainly nearly allied.

Pfeiffer restored Gray's name to this species in the later volumes
of the Monographia because the date of presentation of Gray's de-
scription before the Zoological Society of London was prior to
Philippi's publication. Philippi's description, however, was actually
jniblished in the sense of being printed and distributed, first ; so that
under existing rules, which disregard the mere date of reading, the
name reentsi has precedence.

Group of B. hennahi.
B. STYLIGER Beck. PI. 47, fig. 64.

Shell openly umbilicated, ovate-conic, with suddenly attenuated
apex ; thin, smooth ; whitish, encircled with wide brown bands, often
interrupted. Whorls 7, convex, the last a little longer than the
spire, ventricose; columella rather straightened, roseate. Aperture
oval, the peristome simple and acute, right margin arcuate, col-
umellar margin spreading above in a triangular lamina. Alt. 29,
<liam. 18 mill. ; aperture 15 mill, long, 9 wide inside. (Pfr.^).

Ho, Peru (Cuming).

Bulinus vittatus BROD., P. Z. S., 1832, p. 31. — SOWB., Conch.
Illustr., f. 6, 6*; Zool. Beechey's Voy., p. 144, pi. 38, f. 14. (Not
Bulimus vittatus Spix). — Buliminus xtyliger BECK, Index Moll., p.
70. — Bulimus styliger PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 193; iii, p. 416; iv, p-
476; vi, p. 122 ; vii, p. 159. — Bulimus lemniscatw DESH. in Lam.,
An. s. Vert., viii, p. 271. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 18, f. 105.

B. HENNAHI Gray. PL 47, figs. 65, 66, 67, 68.

Shell umbilicated, ovate conic, solid but rather thin ; whitish, with
few or numerous unequal oblique brown streaks (rarely wanting),
and usually more or less cut into segments by a few narrow spiral

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME. 1 57

light bauds. Surface rudely, coarsely and irregularly wrinkled by
growth-lines. No spiral sculpture. Spire conic, rather attenuated
above, apex mamillar, smooth, brownish or white. Whorls 6J to
7£, convex below the deep sutures.

Aperture ovate, lilac tinted within, oblique, usually not half the
length of shell. Outer lip thin and sharp, unexpanded ; columella
slightly concave, lilac tinted, the coluruellar lip dilated above.
Parietal callus thin, roseate or white.

Alt. «29, diam. 16 mill. ; alt. of aperture 12f mill.

Alt. 23J, diam. 14? mill.; alt. of aperture 12 mill.

Peru, at Arica (Hennah) and Tacna (Angrand, Paz), on cacti in
sandy places.

B. hennahi GRAY, Spicil. Zool., i, p. 5, pi. 5, f. 5 (1830). — FER.,
Bull. Sci. Nat, xvi, 1829, p. 468.— ORBIGNY, Voy. dans 1'Amer.
Merid., p. 283, pi. 30, f. 3, 4.— PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 197; vii, p.
163 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 198, pi. 55, f. 7, 8.— REEVE, Conch. Icon.,
pi. 88, f. 148 b. — MORELET, Ser. Conch., iii, p. 184. — HIDALGO,
Viaje al Pacif.. Mol., p. 87 ; Journ. de Conch., 1870, p. 52.— MAR-
TENS, Conch. Mittheil., pp. 162, 209. — B. rubescens REEVE, Conch.
Icon., pi. 23, f. 148. — Bulinus hjchnorum SOWB., Conch, lllustr., f.
81, 82 (not Bui. lictienorum Orb., see p. 145 of this vol.). — Helix
cactorum ORB., Revue Zool., 1835, p. 10. — B. virginalis MOREL.,
Journ. de Conch.. 1860, p. 372.

The coloring varies a good deal, as the figures show. The surface
is more rudely wrinkled than in the allied species. Morelet's B.
virginalis is a white specimen, orange within aperture, the lips roseate.
He subsequently united it with hennahi, as did Reeve his rnbescens.

B. METAMORPHUS n. sp. PI. 1, figs. 6, 7.

Shell umbilicated, ovate, with produced, concave-conic spire ; rather
solid ; whitish or light brown with numerous oblique chestnut
streaks. Surface lusterless, with rather coarse but not conspicuous
wrinkles of growth, without spiral strite. Spire turrited, attenuated
above, with obtuse, smooth apex and comma-shaped axial dimple.
Whorls 8, the first rapidly increasing and rather bulbous, the rest
narrowly convoluted, moderately convex, the last rather dispropor-
tionately large and convex, obtusely angular around the capacious
umbilicus, which penetrates to the apex and is dusky inside.

158 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

Aperture ovate, less than half the shell's length, brown and yellow-
ish within (or white in old shells) ; outer lip simple, thin and un-
expanded ; columellar lip dilated as usual, the coluinella nearly
straight.

Alt. 29, diam. 17, alt. of aperture 14? mill.

Alt. 28, diam. 16-17, alt. of aperture 12* mill.

Chili.

Somewhat like B. hennahi, but the whorls are more numerous
and narrower, the spire more turrited and distinctly concave-sided
above, the surface smoother and the coloration different. Eleven
specimens, of which three are mature, are before me. The old shells
lack the initial whorl or two, and do not show the rich coloration of
the younger specimens ; and the change of contour from young to
old is unusually marked.

B. LIMENSIS Reeve. PL 50, fig. 37.

Shell umbilicated, oblong-turrited, rather solid, longitudinally
striated, obsoletely malleated ; fleshy-whitish, variegated with red-
dish streaks. Spire turrited, the apex corneous, rather acute.
Whorls 7, rather convex, the last rounded, about three-sevenths the
total alt., slightly compressed around the narrow, open umbilicus.

Aperture oblique, oval, the peristome simple, unexpanded ; acute,
terminations converging ; columellar margin broadly reflexed. Alt.
17, diam. 8 ; length of aperture 7J, width inside 4J mill. (Pfr.}.

Lima, Peru (Paz, Cuming) ; and Quito, Ecuador (Cuming).

Bulimus limensis REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 77, f. 563 (August,
1849). — PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 429. — HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch.,
1875, p. 130.

B. QUITENSIS Pfeiffer. PL 51, figs. 16, 17, 18, 19.

Shell narrowly umbilicated, ovate-conic, somewhat solid, not shin-
ing, closely and irregularly rugulose-striate ; whitish or pale brown-
ish, ornamented with unequal brown or chestnut streaks. Spire
conic, acute ; suture simple ; whorls 7 to 8, rather flat, moderately
increasing, the last convex, not descending in front, rotund at base
or lightly compressed. Columella subvertical, slightly arcuate,
whitish or blackish-chestnut.

Aperture oval, acuminate above, rounded below, very rarely sub-
angulate, concolored inside, one-half the length of the shell ; per-
istome simple, unexpanded, acute, the right margin regularly arcu-
ate, usually with a blackish-chestnut border within ; columellar

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME. 159

margin dilated above, vault ingly reflexed, half-covering the umbil-
icus. {Hidalgo}.

Alt. 29, diam. 14 mill. (Hid).

Alt. 26, diam. 12 mill.; aperture 14 mill, long, 6 wide inside.

Quito (Delattre) ; Ibarra and Otavalo (Martinez) ; Pasto (Leh-
man n), Ecuador.

Bulimus quitensis PFR., P. Z. S., 1847, p. 230 ; Monogr., ii, p. 182.
-REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 48, f. 317. — HIDALGO, Viaje al Pacifico,
p. 130, 'pi. 7, f. 5-8 ; Journ. de Conchyl., 1870, p. 63.— DKR., Jahrb.
d. D. M. Ges., ix, 1882, p. 379.

Hidalgo describes the following varieties of coloring :

Var. : Shell brown, generally somewhat violaceous on the spire,
not streaked or indistinctly so, the aperture entirely blackish-brown
within (figs. 18, 19).

Var. : Shell almost unicolored, whitish.

The figure given by Reeve is said by Hidalgo to represent a
slightly deformed individual, thesubangulate character of the basal
lip being abnormal. Figures 16, 17 represent the ordinary form.

The shell resembles B. eatlowiwPfr., and as the apex is unknown,
it may prove to be a Scutalus. I have not seen the species.

B. CEROPLASTA n. sp. PI. 50, figs. 38, 39.

Shell perforated, ovate-conic, thin, somewhat translucent, waxen
white. Surface shining, with irregular fine wrinkles of growth.
Spire stout, conical, the apex obtuse, smooth. Whorls 62, the first
obtuse above with comma-shaped apical pit, the next very convex;
following whorls moderately convex.

Aperture irregularly ovate, narrow above, one-half the length of
shell, white within. Outer lip gently and regularly arcuate, thin
and acute. Columella straight, vertical, its edge broadly and flatly
dilated, appressed above the umbilical perforation. Parietal wall
convex, with a very light callus.

Alt. 19?, diam. 10, alt. of aperture 9 mill.

Alt. 2(H, diam. 10£, alt. of aperture 10 mill.

Balsas, valley of Maranon River, Peru (H. W. Webb).

The wax-like texture of this species is unusual in the group,
although equally thin species inhabit Argentina. The inornate sur-
face, straight (or even convex) columellar edge, and very narrow
umbilicus are other characteristic features.

160 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

B. ACALLES Pfeiffer. PI. 50, figs. 53, 54.

Shell subperforate, ovate-conic, thin, longitudinally closely striate
and distantly plicate, scarcely shining, tawny-gray. Spire conic,
rather obtuse, tawny. AVhorls 4s, slightly convex, the last longer
than the spire, rotund at base. Columella slightly arcuate, some-
what receding. Aperture oblique, oval, tawny-flesh colored inside ;
peristome simple, unexpanded, the right margin arcuate, columellar
margin reflexed above, somewhat adnate. Alt. 10, diam. 6 mill. ;
aperture 6i mill, long, 4 wide. (Pfr.*).

Peruvian Andes (Cuming coll.).

Bulimus acalles PFR., P. Z. S., 1851, p. 258 ; Conchy 1. Cab., p. 84,
pi. 30, f. 27, 28 (young); Monographia, iii, p. 410; iv, 479; vi,
J26.

The types and only figured specimens were young. Pfeiffer sub-
sequently described the adult as perforate, with 5 whorls, the last
slightly longer than spire. Alt. 14, diam 7$ mill.; aperture 7?
mill, long, 4 wide.

B. EROSUS Broderip. PI. 49, figs. 34, 35, 36.

Shell rimate-umbilicate, ovate-conic, rugose-striate, shining ; opaque
white, with scattered corneous dots. Spire conic, the apex obtuse,
pale corneous. Whorls 6, convex, the last about as long as the
spire. Columella arcuate. Aperture oval, very pale brown inside ;
peristome acute, sublabiate, the columellar margin broadly reflexed,
free, horizontally adnate above. Length 23, diam. 12 ; aperture 12
mill, long, 6i wide. (Pfr.}.

Iquiqui, Peru (Cuming).

Bulinus erosus BROD., P. Z. S., 1832, p. 106. — Bulinus arro.ms
SOWB., Conch. Illustr., f. 34. — Bulimus eroxus PFR., Monogr., ii, p.
225 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 236, pi. 63, f. 5, 6. — REEVE, Couch. Icon., pi.
22, f. 140.

The detail of character is not much unlike that of B. conspersus,
but it is a shell of larger size and much more solid growth. (RveS).

B. CONSPERSUS Sowerby. PI. 49, fig. 27.

Shell ovate-subacuminate, thin, corneous, the apex a little obtuse.
Whorls 6, rounded, guttate and lineated with whitish. Aperture
ovate, of the same color ; peristome acute, thin ; umbilicus small.
Length "65, diam. '4 im-h. (Sowb.*).

Near Lima, Peru (Cuming, Beechey, Paz).

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME. 101

Bulinu* conspersus SOWB., P. Z. S., 1833, p. 73; Zool. Beechey's
Voy., p. 145, pi. 38, f. 17 ; Conch. Illustr.,f. 49. — Bulimus con*per«us
PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 190. — HIDALGO, Viaje al Pacif., p. 125 ; Journ.
de Conch., 1870, p. 60. — ?£. conspersus RVE., Conch. Icon., f. 137.

Sowerby, in his original description, mentions two forms of this
species, one more ventricose than the other. Reeve has called the
stouter form B. coagulatus ; but Hidalgo reunites the two. The
series of coagulatus before me shows no slender individuals ; but I
have not been able compare Reeve's form with conspersus, as that
species is not represented in our collection.

B. COAGULATUS Reeve. PI. 49, figs. 30, 31.

Shell narrowly umbilicated or perforate, globose-ovate, thin ;
white, densely mottled with corneous or corneous-brown oblique
streaks and short transverse marks, or corneous-brown, with opaque
white, obliquely transverse markings. Surface shining, with irreg-
ular wrinkles of growth. Spire short, conic, apex corneous, smooth.
Whorls 5, the earlier slightly convex, last H convex, the body-
whorl globose.

Aperture over half the length ; outer lip thin, acute; columellar
lip thin below, with a short triangular reflection above ; parietal
callus very slight.

Alt. 16£, diam. 12 mill.

Alt. 13*, diam. 9£ mill.

Lima, Peru (Bland).

B. coagulatus RVE., Conch. Icon., pi. 77, f. 558. — PFR., Monogr.,
iii, p. 418.

Quite thin and much inflated. Hidalgo unites the species with
B. conspersus Sowb., but the specimens before me look much more
globose.

B. MODESTUS Broderip. PI. 47, figs. 82, 69, 70.

Shell umbilicate, ovate-pyramidal, rather thin. Surface sculptured
with thread-like, raised whitish and rather coarse strice, rarely with
traces, in some places, of spiral incised lines cutting them, or of spiral
series of short wrinkles, visible only under the lens. Color whitish-
brown, with oblique streaks of dark, dull brown in the typical form ;
(but in a variety rusty brown, cut into zones by narrow spind whitish
bands or lines, the brown zones further interrupted by whitish
oblique streaks. Sometimes light spirals are absent). Spire elevated,
11

1 62 BULIMULUS-BOSTR YX-LISSO ACM E.

several earlier whorls smooth, glossy and corneous. Whorls about
62, quite convex, the sutures deep.

Aperture less than half the total length, ovate, inside brownish or
showing the external markings. Outer lip thin, unexpanded ; col-
umella somewhat concave ; columellar lip dilated above, whitish or
brown. Parietal callus extremely thin.

Alt. 20, diam. 11* mill.

Huacho and Lima, Peru, on hills under stones.

Buliuus modestus BROD., P. Z. S., 1832, p. 106. — SOWB., Conch.
111., f. 19. — Bulimus modestus DH. in Lam., An. s. Vert., viii, p. 274.
-REEVE, Conch. Icon., f. 109. — PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 207 ; vi, p.
139 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 224, pi. 62, f. 3, 4.— HIDALGO, Journ. Conch.
1870, p. 53.—Bulinus striatulus SOWB., P. Z. S., 1833, p. 73 ; Conch.
Illustr., f. 58. — Bulimus striatulus DESK, in Lam., viii, p. 270 ; and
in Fer., Hist, p. 82, pi. 150, f. 24, 25.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., f. 143a
(figure of Sowerby's type). Not Bulimus striatulus Lam. — B. phil-
ippii PFR., Symbolse ii, p. 120 ; Monogr., ii, p. 208 ; vi, p. 139 ; Con-
chy], Cab., p. 226, pi. 62, f. 9, 10.— HIDALGO, Viaje al Pacif., p. 89
(includes striatulus and modestus). — B. orbignyiPpn., P. Z. S., 1846,
p. 31 ; Monogr., ii, p. 208. — Conf. REEVE, C. Icon., f. 143b, figure
of type.

The prominent features of B. modestus are its rather turrited form,
and raised, thread-like striae, which are, however, often quite irreg-
ular in degree of development on different parts of the shell, and
vary from whitish to the tint of the ground-color. The dull, brown-
streaked coloring is also characteristic. In B. striatulus and orbi-
gnyi this is varied by spiral whitish bands; but I quite agree with
Hidalgo that the several forms are specifically identical, the series
before me well connecting them. The banded form is from Lima
{Cumiug, Paz, Martinez and de Lattre).

J3. DELICATULUS Philippi. PI. 47, figs. 87, 88.

Shell umbilicate-perforate, ovate-conic, very thin. Pale corneous,
ornamented with white, slightly raised, delicate folds, which in places
are confluent ; whorls of spire having three or four ill-defined
corneous transverse lines. Whorls 6, a little convex, the last little
longer than the spire ; apex rather obtuse, very smooth ; suture
moderately deep. Aperture ovate ; columella a little straightened,
the peristome unexpanded, thin, right margin arcuate, columellar

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME. 163

margin dilated above, vaultingly reflexed. Alt. 17, diam. 11 mill. ;
aperture 9 mill, long, 5? wide. (Phil.).

''Hacienda de Unigambal" Peru (Raimondi).
Bulimus delicatulus PH., Malak. Bl., xiv, 1867, p. 73. — PFR.,
Novit. Conch., iii, p. 335, pi. 80, f. 8, 9.

The distinct though narrow umbilicus and the sculpture separates
it from B. translucens and B. fourmiersi.

B. SORDIDUS Lesson. PI. 47, fig. 83.

Shell umbilicated, ovate-pyramidal, thin ; coarsely striate ob-
liquely, the strice broken into oblong granules on middle and upper
part of body-whorl and the next earlier whorl. Dull light brown,
with several spiral whitish lines. Whorls 6j, convex, the earlier
smooth, glossy and brown.

Aperture ovate, outer lip thin, columellar lip broadly dilated
above, white. Alt. 23J, diam. 14; alt. of aperture 12 mill.

Mt. St. Christoval, near Lima (Lesson).

Helix sordidus LESS., Voy. de la Coquille, ii, pt. 1, p. 315, pi. 13,
f. 3. Not Helix sordida Pfr., 1842. — Bulimus sordidus POT. &
MICH., Galerie., i, p. 155, pi. 15, f. 11, 12. — ORBIGNY, Voy. Am.
Merid., p. 281.— PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 188; Conchyl. Cab., p. 63, pi.
18, f. 7-9.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., f. 401 (notf. 100). Not Bulinus
sordidus King (1831), see this vol. p. 51.

This species differs from B. modestus mainly in itsgranulose slrite.
As its name preoccupies that of a species subsequently proposed by
Pfeiffer, the latter may be called H. subsordida.

B. GUTTATUS Broderip. PI. 47, figs. 76, 77, 78.

Shell subperforate, ovate-fusiform, rugulose-striate, thin, pellucid
corneous, variegated with opaque white streaks and blotches. Spire
conic, the apex papillar. Whorls 7, a little convex, the last about
equal in length to the spire. Aperture oval ; peristome uuexpanded,
acute, the columellar margin dilated above, vaulted and reflexed,
nearly closing the perforation. Alt. 18, diam. 8 mill.; aperture 10
mill, long, 5 wide. (Pfr.).

Cobija, Chili (Cuming).

Bulinus guttatus BROD., P. Z. S., 1832, p. 31. — SOWB., Conch.
Illustr., f. 10. — Bulimus guttatus DESH. in Lam., An. s. Vert., viii,
p. 271. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., f. 144. — PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 177 ; iii,
410 ; vi, 112. — HUPE in Gay's Historia de Chile, viii, p. Ill, pi. 1,
f. 5.

164 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

B. JUANA Cousin. PI. 1, fig. 9.

Shell umbilicated, ovoid, and conic above; quite thick and dull ;
ashy-white, with three small tawny-brown bands, one at the suture,
the others submedian ; surface ornamented with irregular growth-
stride which are quite spaced and projecting. Whorls 7 2, slowly and
regularly increasing, separated by an impressed suture ; two earlier
whorls smooth, and with the following two corneous-brown ; follow-
ing whorls of spire with two brown bands. Last whorl plainly car-
inated around the quite large and deep umbilicus.

Aperture oval, interrupted by the preceding whorl ; peristome
thin, sharp, the upper insertion a little above the lower band ; col-
umellar margin straight, with the traces of a canal at its union with
outer lip. Alt. 20-23, diam. 10-11 ; alt. of aperture 10, width 7
mill.

Gualacco, province of Cuenca, Ecuador (Cousin).

Thaumastus juan a COUSIN, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xii, p. 228, pi.
4, f. 10 (April 1, 1887).

Description abridged from Cousin.

B. LAURENTII Sowerby. PI. 50, figs. 47, 48, 49, 50.

Shell umbilicated, ovate-pyramidal, thin ; whitish with (1) numer-
ous (about 6) spiral brown bands (continuous or broken into a tessel-
lation), or (2) brown with darker streaks and a few median and
basal white spirals, or (3) unicolored white. Surface hardly shin-
ing, smooth except for faint growth-wrinkles. Whorls 6, convex,
the apex smooth.

Aperture ovate, less than half the length of shell, showing the
external coloring within. Outer lip thin ; columellar lip dilated
above.

Alt. 15j, diam. 9; alt. of aperture 6V mill.

Alt. 14i, diam. 8; alt. of aperture 6 mill.

Island of San Lorenzo, Bay of Callao, Peru (Curning and others) ;
Cero de las conchitas, near Lima (Paz).

Bulinus ftmreniu SOWB., P. Z. S., 1833, p. 37. — Bulimus laurentii
PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 213 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 231, pi. 62, f. 28-30.-
DESH. in Fer., Hist., p. 86, pi. 157, f. 26-28. — REEVE, Conch. Icon.,
f. 119. — HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch., 1870, p. 60. — B, lorenzii ORB.,
Voy, p. 281.— POT. & MICH., Galerie, i, p. 146, pi. 13, f. 13, 14.

With the form of B. modestus, this species lacks the coarse stria-
tion and is constantly much smaller. The color-patterns are numer-
ous.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACM E. 165

B. SCUTULATUS Broderip. PI. 47, figs. 71, 72, 73.

Shell urabilicate, o\Tate-turrited, solid; opaque white, irifh several
(5 to 7) spiral chestnut bands formed of closely arranged, square or
narrow spots; the earlier whorls yellowish, brown or whitish. Sur-
face with irregular growth-wrinkles. Spire elongated, apex maniillar,
smooth. Whorls 7s-8, convex, especially below the sutures.

Aperture oblong-ovate, less than half the total length, showing the
bands within. Outer lip sharp, columellar lip straightened, broadly
dilated above. Alt. 24, diam. 12 ; alt. of aperture 10 mill.

Is I ay, Peru (Cum ing).

Bulinus scutulatus BROD., P. Z. S., 1832, p. 106. — Bulimus scutu-
latus ORB., Voy., p. 282. — DESK, in An. s. Vert., viii, p. 265. — PFR.,
Monogr., ii, p. 213 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 223, pi. 62, f. 1, 2.— HUPE in
Gay, Hist. Chile, viii, p. 112, pi. 2, f. 5. — REEVE, Conch. Icon.,
f. 110.

The solidity of this species distinguishes it from B. modestus group.
There is much variation in coloring, some specimens being very pale.

I refer to this species a very slender shell, alt. 23?, diam. 10 mill.,
which has the same coloration.

B. LIMONOICUS Orbigny. PL 50, figs. 42, 43.

Shell elongated, pyramidal, subumbilicated,thin,substriate; trans-
lucid, whitish-rufescent, varied with narrow brown longitudinal
lines. Spire subinflated, the apex acute. Whorls 6, rounded, short.
Aperture oval, angulose ; lip thin, acute. Alt. 16, diam. 7 mill.
(Orb.).

Southeastern part of Prov. Chiquitos, Bolivia, at the ruins of the
ancient mission of San Juan (Orb.).

Helix limonoica ORB., Mag. de Zool., 1835, p. 13. — Bulimia /////-
onoicus ORB., Voy., p. 284, pi. 33, f. 15-17. — PFR., Monogr., ii, p.
111.—?!?, limonoicus REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 56, f. 371.— ? />'.
limonoicii* PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 425. — B. cinereus REEVE, Conch.
Icon., pi. 56, f. 372.

This species has some resemblance to B. scutulatus ; but it is dis-
tinguished by the visibly swollen spire, more elongated, by the nar-
rower and angular aperture, smoother texture, and finally the com-
pletely different tint. However, it should be placed near B. scutida-
tus. (Orb.).

1 66 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

B. FLAGELLATUS D. Sp. PI. 50, figS. 44, 45.

Shell umbilicated, ovate-oblong, solid opaque and earthy, white
with irregularly spaced dull reddish or purplish longitudinal streaks,
sometimes wanting. Surface lusterless, with weak, coarse indistinct
growth-wrinkles. Spire long, the apex obtuse and smooth. Whorls
7?, quite convex, the last very convex. Sutures deeply impressed.
Umbilicus rather narrow, often purplish inside.

Aperture contained about 2J times in length of shell, short, oval,
rose-purple or white within ; peristome simple and unexpanded, the
columellar margin dilated above, white, fleshy or purplish ; parietal
callus thin.

Alt. 25, diam. 12, alt. of aperture 10 mill.

Alt. 20, diam. 9, alt. of aperture 7i mill.

Balsas, valley of Maranon R., Peru (H. W. Webb).

A very solid, earthy shell, irregularly streaked with light reddish,
and often with some purplish streaks. Besides the tray of 5 typical
specimens from Balsas, we have a series of 7 without other locality
than "Peru." These are white, a few showing some streaks just
behind the lip ; the apertures dull purplish or nearly white. With
the general figure of B. limonoicus Orb., this is a much more solid
species, larger, and with more whorls. B. scutulatus is closely allied,
but in that the aperture is much narrower in proportion to its length,
and the columellar lip of a very different shape. B. andicola Pfr.,
a similarly marked species, has the spire more slender and is said to
be sculptured with close concentric lines.

B. ANDICOLA Pfeiffer. PI. 50, fig. 46.

Shell perforate, turrited-conic, solid; seen under the lens to be
sculptured with close concentric lines ; opaque, shining ; white, irre-
gularly ornamented with brown linear streaks. Spire lengthened,
rather acute. Whorls 7, a little convex, the last about equal to
three-sevenths the shell's length, rotund at base. Columella a little
receding below. Aperture oval-oblong, the peristome simple, acute,
columellar margin vaultingly reflexed above, forming a narrow per-
foration. Alt. 24, diam. 11 mill. ; aperture, alt. 11, width 5k mill.

-

Andes of Bolivia (Cuming coll.).

Bulimus andicola PFR., P. Z. S., 1846, p. 115 ; Monogr., ii, p. 214 ;
vi, 143. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 55, fig. 364.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME. 167

Very similar to B. albatus, mainly differing in the punctiform per-
foration (P/V.). A variety with more or less distinct transverse
bands is mentioned by Pfeifter. Reeve gives an erroneous local-
ity.

B. RAIMONDIANUS Pilsbry, n. n. PI. 50, fig. 40.

Shell openly perforate, oblong-conic, solid, irregularly striate,
white (rarely with one or more rufous lines) ; spire turrited-conic,
acute^ Whorls 7, convex, separated by deep sutures, the last about
three-fourths the length of the spire. Columella slightly arcuate.
Aperture oblong-oval ; peristome simple, unexpanded, the columellar
margin dilated, not closing the perforation. Alt. 20*, diam. 10*
mill. ; aperture 10 mill, long, 5-5i wide. (Phil.).

Between Mayoc and Huanta, Peru (Raimondi).

Bulimus spretus PHIL., Malak. BL, xvi, 1869, p. 34. — PFR., ibid.,
p. 89 ; Novit. Conch., iii, p. 471, pi. 102, f. 11 ; Monogr., viii, p. 171.
Not Bulimus spretus Reeve, 1850.

Differs from B. confusus Reeve in the smaller size, more conic
form, lower whorls, and less oblique sutures ; from B. turritella Orb.
by the solid shell. B. turritella is a species of the " caliente " region,
spretus of the frigid " Sierra " (Phil.).

B. ULLO^E Philippi. PI. 50, fig. 41.

Shell covered-perforate, oblong pyramidal, somewhat roughened
by longitudinal strife; white. Spire conic. Whorls 6, a little con-
vex, separated by moderately deep sutures, the last about equal in
length to the spire. Columella subvertical. Aperture patulous,
oblong-ovate ; peristome simple, thin, the right margin unexpanded,
columellar margin a little expanded, covering the perforation. Alt.
16*, diam. 6*-7* mill. ; aperture 8 mill, long, 4-4* wide. (Phil.).
" Quebrada caliente" betiveen Mayoc and Huanta, Peru.

Bulimus ulloce PHIL., Malak. Bl., xvi, 1869, p. 34.— PFR., Novit.
Conch., iii, p. 471, pi. 102, f. 9, 10; Monogr., viii, p. 155.

The three specimens seen by Philippi differ a little in diameter
but are of the same length ; all are rugulose, destitute of epidermis,
with the apices roseate. In size and form they agree pretty well
with B. limonoicus Orb., but they lack brown longitudinal lines, the
whorls are neither "etroits" nor " separes par <///< .<uture pen pro-
fonde" the suture being quite deep. It does not agree with B. paz~
ianus Orb.

1 68 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

B. APERTUS Pfeiffer. Unfigured.

Shell umbilicated, ovate-conic, solid ; sculptured with close, strong
folds, which become evanescent on the last whorl ; little shining,
whitish. Spire regularly conic, the apex corneous, somewhat acute.
Whorls 7, convex, the last about three-sevenths the total length, sub-
compressed around the open, pervious umbilicus.

Aperture little oblique, oval ; columella subplicate above, sub-
angulately arcuate; peristome simple, the margins converging, the
right margin unexpanded, columellar margin dilated, spreading.
Alt. 19, diam. 10; aperture 8£ mill, long, 5 wide. (Pfr.').

Habitat unknown.

Bulimus apertus PER., Malak. Bl., ii, 1855, p. 107 ; Monogr., iv,
p. 492.

Referred by Pfeiffer to Rhabdotus, but its systematic position is
uncertain. In a later volume of the Monographia the locality
" Peru ? " is given.

B. TUMIDULUS Pfeiffer. PI. 49, figs. 28, 29.

Shell nearly covered perforate, ovate-acuminate, thin, striatulate,
shining ; whitish, banded with chestnut denticulate lines and inter-
ruptedly streaked. Spire conic, somewhat mucronate, the mucro
corneous. Whorls 7, flattened, the last swollen, as long as the spire.
Columella rather straight, surrounded by a reddish area.

Aperture oval, colored within like the outside ; peristome simple,
acute ; columellar margin reddish, reflexed, nearly closing the per-
foration. Alt. 23, diam. 12 mill. ; aperture 13 long, 7 wide. (P/V.).
Ambo, (Cuming) ; and Huanuco (Angrand), Peru.

Bulinus inflatus BROD., P. Z. S., 1836, p. 45. — SOWB., Conch.
Illustr., f. 6 1 . Not Bulimus inflatus Lam. — Bulimus tumidulus PFR.,
Symbolic, ii, p. 123 ; Monogr., ii, 193. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi.
19, f. Ilia, b.— DESK, in Fer., Hist., p. 89, pi. 157, f. 16-19.-
MORELET, Ser. Conch., iii, p. 194.

Besides the typical coloring described above (fig. 29), there is a
fleshy-whitish form with a few reddish lines and series of ruddy dots
(fig. 28), and a bandless white form, fawn-tinted at the base.

B. VIRGULTORUM Morelet. PI 49, figs. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,

22.

Shell moderately umbilicated, ovate-conic, rather thin, shining,
obsoletely costulate-striate ; whitish or pale tawny-buff, variously

BULIMULUS-BOSTR YX-LISSOACME. 1 69

ornamented with continuous or interrupted bauds. Spire conic,
rather acute, roseate or brownish above. Whorls 7, slightly convex,
the last slightly shorter than the spire, slightly compressed around
the umbilicus, and marked with a wide brown band.

Aperture little oblique, oval, the peristome simple, thin, right
margin arcuate, slightly expanded, columellar margin dilated,
spreading. Alt. 31, diarn. 14 mill.; aperture 15 mill, long, 9 wide.
(Morel.}.

Valley of Santa Anna, eastern slope of the Cordillera, Peru (An-
grand).

Bulimus virgultorum MOREL., Ser. Conch., iii, p. 194, pi. 10, f. 1.
PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 134.

The prevailing color-patterns are : (a) unicolored whitish or rose-
ate. (b~) Whitish, with one or many interrupted or continuous bands.
(c) Pale buff, obliquely striate with brown, (d) Pale buff, marbled
and latticed with chestnut.

The interior of the aperture is a pale fallow tint ; and on the shell
may be seen some vestiges of the punctation observed in several
Peruvian species. The bands vary from none to eight ; the one be-
low the periphery and passing into the aperture, and that bordering
the umbilicus, ordinarily are continuous, the latter being the most
persistant. The unicolored rose variety is rare. It seems to be allied
to B. pictus Pfr.

This may belong to Drymceus.

B. SCALARIFORMIS Broderip. PI. 47, figs. 79, 80, 81.

Shell umbilicated, ovate-pyramidal, rather thin; opaque; uni-
colored white, or whitish with dull brown spiral bands, or dull brown
with a darker umbilical crescent and whitish strise. Surface luster-
less, closely sculptured iclth regular longitudinal riblets as wide as
their intervals, except on several earlier whorls. Spire conic, the
apex obtuse, smooth, clear whitish, corneous or orange. Whorls 5-
5£, very convex, separated by deep sutures. Umbilicus rounded,
generally rather large.

Aperture ovate, less than half the length of the shell, brownish or
white within. Terminations of peristome somewhat approaching;
columella much less curved than outer lip ; columellar lip expanded
above.

Alt. 12, diam. 7 ; alt. of aperture 5'5 mill.

Alt. 11, diam. 7'6 ; alt. of aperture 4'8 mill.

Alt. 10, diam. 5 ; alt. of aperture 4 mill.

Arcon (Cuming) ; Lima (Orb., Paz) ; Chancay (Rev. J. M. Thomp-
son), Peru.

170 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

Bulinus scalariformis BROD., P. Z. S., 1832, p. 31. — SOWB., Conch.
Illustr., f. 13; Zool. Beechey's Voy., p. 144, pi. 38, f. 12.—Bulim><8
scalariformis ORB., Voy., p. 282. — DESK, in An. s. Vert., viii, p. 272 ;
in Fer., Hist., p. 87, pi. 157, f. 29-31.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., f. 129.
-PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 217 ; vi, p. 140 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 229, pi.
62, f. 19-21.— HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch., 1870, p. 54; Viaje al
Pacif., p. 91.

B. scalariformis is well-named, having much the aspect of a stout,
fine-ribbed Scalaria. It varies to an extraordinary degree in form,
specimens from some localities being far wider in proportion to their
length than others. To a less extent it varies in coloring. The
sculpture of close, regular, rounded riblets is characteristic of all
specimens, however, so that it is readily identified. B. scalar if or mi*
is a common species in collections.

B. RUSTICELLUS Morelet. PI. 49, figs. 23, 24.

Shell umbilicated, ovate-acuminate, rather solid, irregularly rug-
ulose-striate, here and there subgranulate, scarcely shining, white ;
the spire projecting, acutely conical, apex smooth, pale corneous.
Whorls 6, convex, the last inflated, rounded at base, a little longer
than the spire ; aperture little oblique, acutely ovate, fulvous within ;
peristome simple, unexpanded, the margins converging, joined by a
callus ; columellar margin narrowly dilated above and reflexed.
Alt. 20, diam. 10 J mill. (Morel.). '

On the ruins surmounting the hills around the valley of Jauja,
and (somewhat smaller and slightly more elongated specimens) from
Pomacocha, Peru (Angrand).

Bulimus rusticellus MOREL., Journ. de Conch., viii, p. 373 (1860) ;
Series Conchyl., iii, p. 185, pi. 8, f. 5. — PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 124.

In form, this species has some resemblance to B. scalariformis,
which inhabits the same country, but not the same tract. It is a
larger species. The whorls of the spire, 6 in number, enlarge gradu-
ally, producing an acute and long cone, the last whorl, however, en-
larges considerably, so as to constitute two-thirds of the shell. The
suture is distinct, the umbilicus narrow, not deep, half covered by
the columellar expansion.

B. DEVIANS Dohrn. Un figured.

Shell covered-perforate, oblong-turrited, rather thin, sculptured
with growth-stri»3, shining, bluish. Spire turrited, the apex rufous-

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME. 171

or blackish-brown, obtuse. Suture impressed. Whorls 5, moder-
ately convex, rapidly increasing, the last not descending in front,
more convex, inflated, rotund. Aperture slightly oblique, acumin-
ate-oval, brown within ; peristome acute, unexpanded, margins
joined by a thin callus, the right margin simple, columellar margin
reflexed, half-covering the perforation. Alt. 15, diam. 6 mill.;
aperture 7 mill, long, 4J wide. (Dohrn).

Peru.

Buliimilus devians DOHRN, Malak. Bl., x, 1863, p. 155. — PFR.,
Monogr., vi, p. 118.

The three examples examined agree in the main, but one has the
spire somewhat stouter and the last whorl less conspicuously inflated.
It is not closely allied to any species known to me. The aperture hap-
pens to be formed as in B. stenacme Pfr., which, however, is similar
neither in form nor color. The apex is quite obtuse, earliest whorls
blue-black or brown, beyond these the rapidly increasing whorls are
gray-blue somewhat streaked, the dark brown underlying layer show-
ing through in a few places. The suture is rather deeply impressed, so
that the spire seems somewhat convex. As far as the middle of the
last whorl the breadth increases regularly ; then the whorl becomes
swollen and decidedly more convex, giving the shell the appearance
of being obliquely produced to the right. The aperture is simple,
with sharp lips, dark brown inside, columellar margin narrowly re-
flexed, so that the umbilicus is half covered (Dohnt).

B. EXORNATUS Reeve. PI. 50, fig. 55.

Shell subperforate, ovate-conic, thin, irregularly striate, painted
with narrow, denticulate streaks of rufous-corneous and whitish.
Spire long-conic, reddish above, the apex rather acute. Whorls 7,
moderately convex, the last about three-sevenths the alt., a little
compressed at the base. Columella vertical. Aperture slightly
oblique, oblong ; peristome simple, acute, the columellar margin nar-
rowly reflexed. Alt. 15, diam. 6:1 mill.; aperture lij mill, long, 3
wide. (-Pfr.).

Chilon, Bolivia, under dead trunks of cacti (Bridges).

Bulimus exornatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 77, f. 560 (August,
1849). — PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 410. — Otostomus (Mormui) exortwtii*
H. AD., P. Z. S., 1866, p. 442.

" Of transparent horny texture, neatly marked with opaque white
longitudinal lines." Reported from eastern Peru by H. Adams,
Bartlett coll.

1 72 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

Group of B. derelictus.
Outer lip well expanded. Surface more or less decussated.

B. DERELICTUS Broderip. PI. 48, figs. 91, 92.

Shell with ample and deep umbilicus, ovate-conic, solid, opaque,
whitish with fleshy narrow streaks or conspicuous, corneous-brown
streaks interrupted with white flecks and strise, the brown sometimes
much predominating. Surface with growth-wrinkles and some
decussating spiral incised stria? ; lusterless. Spire conic, concave
above, the apex mamillar, white or roseate, smooth. Whorls 6, con-
vex, the last subangular around the large umbilicus.

Aperture ovate, oblique, over half the total length of shell, white
or fleshy within ; outer lip broadly expanded, somewhat flattened,
white. Columella concave, columellar lip broadly dilated above ;
terminations of peristome much converging,

Alt. 25, diam. 16 mill.

Alt. 22J, diam. 16 mill.

Alt. 20£, diam. 12i mill.

Cobija, Chili (Cuming, Orbigny, Paz).

Bulinus derelictus BROD., P. Z. S., 1832, p. 107. — SOWB., Conch.
Illustr., f. 38. — Bulimus derelictus ORB., Voy. dans 1'Amer. Merid.,
p. 306.— PFR., Monogr., ii', p. 63 ; vi, 43.— DESK, in Fer. Hist., p.
69, pi. 139, f. 4, 5. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., f. 151. — HIDALGO, Mol.
Viaje al Pacif., p. 88.— POT. & MICH., Galerie, i, p. 139, pi. 14, f. 13,
14. — Bulimus curtus KOCH, in Philippi, Abbild. u. Beschreib., i, p.
158, pi. 2, f. 8.

Well distinguished by the oblique aperture, flaring, subreflexed
outer lip and mamillar apex. The latter is smooth, showing the
species to be a Lissoacme, not a Scutalus.

B. UMBILICATUS Miller. PI. 48, figs. 93, 94, 95, 96.

Shell umbilicated, ovate-conic or oblong-conic, thin, closely wave-
striate, with obsolete spiral lines, sometimes obsoletely carinated ;
pale tawny, sometimes obscurely three-banded. Spire convex-conic,
attenuated above, the apex acute. Whorls 85, planulate, the suture
slight, at the last whorl crenulated and more distinctly separating ;
first whorl glabrous, the last whorl three-sevenths to one-half the
length of shell ; umbilicus perforated, columella straight, white.

Aperture suboval, slightly oblique, white inside ; peristome simple,
thin, acute, the right margin narrowly expanded and reflexed, arcu-

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOA< M 1C. 173

ate, protracted above ; columellar margin broadly and triangularly
dilated, adnate above; parietal callus almost lacking. (Miller^).

Alt. 34, diarn. 14; aperture 15-16 long, 8 wide (inside); whorls
8*.

Alt. 30, diam. 14 ; aperture 15 long, 7 wide (inside) ; whorls 8.

Dry Mountains on Catamayo R., Prov. Loja, Ecuador, 2000-3000
ft. above sea-level (Wolf).

Thaumastus umbilicatus MILL., Malak. El. (n. F.), i, p. 122, pi.
12, f. 5; pi. 13, f. 1.

Group of B. erythrodomus.

B. ERYTHROSTOMUS Sowerby. PI. 48, figs. 1, 2, 97.

Shell with large umbilicus, obesely ovate, solid, opaque au<l >/'hite,
with irregular indistinct fleshy or gray-blue streaks and small scat-
tered dots, the latter translucent by transmitted light, these markings
often inconspicuous; earliest whorls fleshy or corneous, smooth. Sur-
face dull or slightly shining, with irregular wrinkles of growth, and
seen under the lens to be cut by superficial incised spiral lines into
series of long yramiles, often absent on middle and base of last whorl.
Spire short, conic, composed of SJ-Sf very convex whorls, separated
by deep sutures. Last whorl rotund.

Aperture slightly oblique, round-ovate, over half the shell's length,
crimson, rose or red-brown within, becoming light brown in the
throat ; lip moderately thick but sharp, not expanded, the edge
light. Columella broadly dilated its inner edge straight or lightly
concave ; parietal callus thin, colored.

Alt. 24, diam. 17 ; alt. of aperture 14 mill.

Alt. 19?, diam. 13; alt. of aperture 10 mill.

Alt. 18, diam. 15 ; alt. of aperture 10^ mill.

Huasco (Cuming) and Coquimbo (Paz), Chili.

Bulinus erythrostoma Sows., P. Z. S., 1833, p. 37 ; Conch. 111., f.
50. — Bulimus erythrostoma Sow., DESK, in Lam. An. s. Vert., viii,
p. 278.— REEVE, C. Icon., f. 75.— GAY, Hist. Chile, viii, p. 109, pi.
3, f. 3.— PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 190 ; vi, p. 128 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 199,
pi. 55, f. 9, 10. — Bnliiitnlus erythrostoma Sowb., BF.CK, Index, p. 68.
— Bulimus erythrostomus HIDALGO, Journ. de Conchyl., 1870, p. •"> 1.

Very variable in size, width of umbilicus, and intensity of the
aperture coloring. Fig. 97 is a stunted, blue-tinged form from
Huasco, with very wide, deep umbilicus.

174 BULIMULUS-BOSTR YX-LISSOACME.

Var. ALBUS Sowerby. PI. 48, figs. 98, 99.

Form, size and sculpture as in erytlwostomus ; but the spirals are
less developed than in average erythrostomus, often almost obsolete.
White, with faint bluish streaks, or longitudinally striped with cor-
neous. Interior of aperture, the columellar expansion and parietal
callus yellowish-white or light brown.

Copiapo (Cuming) ; Questa de Arenas, near Huasco (Bridges)
Chamarcillo and Coquimbo (Paz) in sandy places, Chili.

Bulinus albus Sows., P. Z. S., 1833, p. 73 (published Sept. 20,
1833); Conch. Illustr., f. 52. — Bulimus albus DESH. in Lam., A.n.
s. Vert., p. 269.— ORB., Voy. dans PAmer. Mcrid., p. 280.— HUPE,
in Gay, Historia de Chile, viii, p. 108, pi. 3, f. 5. — PFR., Monogr.,
ii, p. 190; vi, p. 125; Conchyl. Cab., p. 199, pi. 55, f. 11-14.-
HIDALGO, Journ. de Conchyl., 1870, p. 54 ; Yiaje al Pacif., p. 83. —
Bulimus olorinus DUCLOS, in Guerin's Mag. de Zool., 1833, pi. 24.
— Helix olorinus Orb., olim. — Bulimulus albus BECK, Index, p. 68.
—f Bulimus albicans REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 22, f. 141.

The coloring of the aperture, upon which alone this species was
based, is not likely to prove a character of specific value, in view
of the wide variation observable in the numerous specimens of B.
erythrostomus before me.

B. HUASCENSIS Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 3.

Shell long-ovate, umbilicated, solid, opaque and Avhite, with indis-
tinct grayish streaks, or faintly pink with fleshy streaks. Surface
with irregular, fine growth-wrinkles and subobsolete spiral incised
lines above. Spire long, apex pink or corneous, obtuse, smooth.
Whorls 6, convex, sutures deep.

Aperture half as long as shell, ovate, light yellowish-brown inside ;
lip thin and acute. Columella broadly dilated, whitish, its inner
edge straightened. Parietal wall with a light wash of white callus.

Alt. 20, diam. 12 i mill.

Huasco, Chili (Bridges).

Bulimus huascensis REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 23, f. 147 (June,
1848).— DESK, in Fer., Histoire, ii, p. 85, pi. 150, f. 5, 6.— PFR.,
Monogr., iii, p. 431 ; vi, 143.

Like B. albus in texture, color, sculpture and umbilicus, but with
the aperture smaller and form more slender. It will probably prove
a varietal form.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACM K. 175

B. ALBICANS Broderip. PI. 48, figs. 4, 5.

Shell umbilicated, obese-ovate, rather thin ; white with indistinct
grayish streaks or closely speckled and streaked throughout with
brown, the markings translucent by transmitted light, apex roseate
or corneous. Surface with rather coarse, irregular growth-wrinkles,
more or less plicate below sutures, and decussated above the middle
by spiral incised lines, rather few and sometimes subobsolete. Spire
conic, apex rather obtuse, smooth. Whorls 5%, convex.

Aperture over half the alt., ovate, brownish inside ; outer lip thin,
sharp, unexpauded, often pinkish within. Columella dilated above,
nearly straight, brownish or rose ; parietal wall with almost imper-
ceptible glaze. Alt. 16, diarn. 11 mill.

Chili : Copiapo (Cuming) ; Huasco (Paz & Martinez) ; San Lor-
enzo (U. S. Expl. Exped.).

Bidinus albicans BROD., P. Z. S., 1832, p. 105 (published July
31, 1832) SOWERBY, Conch. Illustr., f. 22, 22*.—Bulimus albicans
DESK, in Lam., An. s. Vert, viii, p. 274. — POT. & MICH., Galerie,
i, p. 135, pi. 14, f. 7, 8.— HIDALGO, Journ. deConchyl., 1870, p. 52;
1875, p. 128.— PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 191 ; vi, p. 125.— HUPE in Gay,
Historia de Chile, viii, p. 109, pi. 3, f. 6.— B. spixii P.& M., t. c., p.
155, pi. 15, f. 13, 14. — B. conspersus P. & M., t. c., in index, p. 19. —
B. albus var. albicans HIDALGO, Viaje al Pacif., p. 84. — Not B.
albicans Reeve. — B. conspersm var. ,? PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 191.

Decidedly smaller and thinner than well developed B. albns or
erythrostomus, but some specimens of the latter I have seen approach
albicans in stature. Hidalgo unites it with B. albus as a small
variety. See remarks on the species of this group, above.

The shell may be either almost white or much streaked and angu-
larly speckled, and the rose color of the mouth is often lacking, and
when present not very strong.

B. PRUINOSUS Sowerby. PI. 1, figs. 4, 5.

Shell umbilicated, ovate-conic, rather solid but thin ; corneous,
flecked and streaked with white, or opaque white flecked and streaked
with corneous, the latter predominating on spire, earlier whorls
smooth, corneous. Surface smoothish, with wrinkles of growth, and
above the periphery cut into spiral series of long granules by spiral
lines. Spire conic, the apex obtuse, smooth. Whorls 5*, slightly
convex, the sutures more or less creuulated.

176 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

Aperture half the total length (more or less), slightly oblique,
ovate, white within ; outer lip unexpanded, arcuate ; columellar lip
well dilated above. Alt. 14j, diara. 7% mill.

Cobija (Cum ing), Chili.

Bulinw pruinosus SOWB., P. Z. S., 1833, p. 36. — Bulimus pruinosus
PFR., Monogr., p. 198.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 20, f. 120.

The contour varies considerable, and sometimes opaque white,
sometimes corneous is the prevailing color. Part of the specimens
before me are marked " Peru," but it is doubtful whether they are
from localities now in that State. Others are from Coquimbo.

B. ROUAULTI Hupe. PI. 48, figs. 6, 7.

Shell perforate, ovate-conic, rather solid, slightly shining, closely
striate, and very obsoletely decussated with some rather remote
spiral lines. Dull opaque whitish, more or less irregularly macul-
ated with pellucid-corneous, or corneous-pellucid with copiously
scattered spots and streaks of opaque whitish. Spire conoid, the apex
rather acute, corneous, smooth ; suture simple. Whorls 5 to 6,
slightly convex, moderately increasing, the last obliquely descend-
ing.

Aperture oval, colored within like the outside, about one-half the
shell's length ; peristome simple, acute, the ends joined by a very
thin callus; right margin regularly arcuate, columellar margin
dilated and reflexed above, partly closing the perforation ; columella
little oblique, lightly arcuate. Alt. 14, diam. 7 mill. (Hidalgo').

Chili, at Copiapo (Gay), and Coquimbo, among plants in sandy
places (Paz).

Bulimus rouaulti HUPE in Gay, Historia de Chile, viii, p. 110, pi.
3, f. 8 (1854).— PER., Monogr., iv, 478.— HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch.
1870, p. 54; Viaje al Pacifico, p. 86.

The more lengthened form and the shape of the aperture distin-
guish this from B. albicans, which is closely allied.

B. SIMPLICULUS Pfeiffer. Unfigured.

Shell perforate, conic-ovate, solid, rugulose-striate, obsoletely de-
cussated with spiral lines, when seen under a lens, somewhat shin-
ing ; white, with generally scattered pellucid dots. Spire convex-
conic, the apex corneous, rather obtuse ; suture minutely crenulated ;
whorls 6, moderately convex, the last a little shorter than spire,
somewhat rounded at base.

BULIMDLUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME. 177

Aperture slightly oblique, oblong-oval ; peristome simple, unex-
pauded, the right margin lightly arcuate, columellar margin dilated,
reflexed partly over umbilicus ; columella somewhat straightened,
subplicate above. Alt. 19s, diam. 9£ mill. ; alt. of aperture 9, width
5 mill. (P/V.).

Hubitnf unknown.

Bulimus simpliculus PFR., P. Z. S., 1854, p. 124; Monogr., iv, p.
490.

•

This unfigured species seems to belong to the Chilian group of B.
albicans, but it is slenderer than the other described species.

B. MEJILLONENSIS Pfeiffer. PI. 48, figs. 11, 12, 13, 14.

Shell narrowly unibilicate, oblong-ovate, solid; opaque-white, with
irregular, interrupted corneous streaks, or uniform white. Surface
lusterless, with irregular growth-wrinkles (and sometimes showing
some faint incised spirals, or coarse malleation). Spire conic, with
convex outlines, apex somewhat mamillar, whorls 6, convex.

Aperture slightly less than half the length of shell, long ovate ;
outer lip sharp, with a broad and rather heavy internal thickening.
Columella slightly concave, columellar lip dilated ; parietal callus
moderately heavy, white.

Alt. 25, diam. 12 ; aperture 12? mill. long.

Alt. 22, diam. 10 ; aperture 10 mill. long.

MejiUones, Chili, on arid hills destitute of vegetation (Phil.) ;
Paposo (Paz).

B. mejillonensis PFR., Malak. Bl., iv, p. 230 (1857) ; Monogr., iv,
p. 489 ; vii, 170. — PHILIPPI, Reise durch die Wiiste Atacama, p.
183, pi. 7, f. 10", b, c.— HIDALGO, Viaje al Paoif. Mnl., p. 83.— B.
callosus PHIL., olim. — B. mezilloensisScHAUF., Paetel's Catal., p. 81.

The internal thickening of the lip is heavier than in allied species.
The upper portion of the spire is not so attenuated as in B. affinis,
and there is no such excavation of the base of columella as in that
species.

B. AFFINIS Broderip. PI. 48, figs. 8, 9, 10.

Shell narrowly unibilicate, rather solid or thin, lengthened ovate.
Opaque white with interrupted, denticulate corneous streaks, or
corneous with white streaks and flecks; slightly shining. Surface
with growth-wrinkles, more or less transverse wrinkling or mallea-
tion, and in places, traces of spiral incised lines. Spire elevated,
12

178 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

decidedly attenuated above, apex mamillar, smooth. Whorls 7, mod-
erately convex.

Aperture less than half the length of shell, long ovate ; outer lip
slightly obtuse, with no perceptible lip-rib within ; columella slightly
concave, attenuated at base ; columellar lip dilated above ; parietal
callus a transparent glaze.

Alt. 27,diam. 12 mill.; alt. of aperture 12, width 7 mill.

Alt. 26, diam. 11 mill.; alt. of aperture 12, width 6 mill.

" Mexillones," desert of Atacama, Chili (Cuming).

Bulinus affinis BROD., 1832, p. 106.— SOWB., Conch. Illustr., f. 30.
— Bulimus affinis DESH. in Lam., An. s. Vert, viii, p. 273. — REEVE,
Conch. Icon., pi. 23, f. 154.— PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 207 : vii, p. 172 ;
Conchyl. Cab., p. 221, pi. 61. f. 7, 8. — HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch.,
1870, p. 60.— B. paposensis PFR., Malak. Bl., iii, 1856, p. 207 ;
Monogr., iv. p. 480.

B. affinis is more slender than B. mejillonensis, with the apical
whorls and base of columella attenuated, and with an additional
whorl. B. paposensis Pfr. is considered by Hidalgo a synonym. I
consider it as at most a slight variety.

Var. ? paposensis Pfr. Shell compressed- umbilicate, ovate-conic,
thin, closely striate and subdecussated-granulate ; diaphanous varie-
gated and submaculated with white and corneous lines. Spire convex-
conic, the apex acute ; suture subcrenulated. Whorls 6 to 6 J-, some-
what convex, the last about as long as spire, a little attenuated at
base. Columella somewhat straightened, slightly receding. Aper-
ture oblique, oval-oblong; peristome simple, the right margin un-
expanded, lightly arcuate, columellar margin dilated and spreading
above. Alt. 18, diam. 9J miH. ; aperture 10 mill, long, 5i wide

Paposo, Atacama desert (Phil.).

B. CALLOSUS PfeifFer. Unfigured.

Shell perforate, ovate-conic, rather solid, opaque, dull whitish,
ornamented with irregular pellucid streaks. Spire conic, rather
acute. Whorls 7, rather flat, the last a little longer than spire ; col-
umella shortly receding. Aperture acuminate-oval ; peristome
acute, lipped with a thick callus within, which does not extend to
the margin. Columellar margin vaultingly reflexed. Alt. 21, diam.
11 mill. ; aperture 12 mill, long, 6 wide. (P/ V.).

Habitat unknown (coll. v. d. Busch)

B. callosus PFR., Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1846, p. 128 ; Monogr., ii, p.
222.

This may be allied to B. mejillonensis, or it may be a Buliminus.

BULIMULUS- BOSTRYX-LISSOAOM E. 179

B. LITHOICUS Orbigny. PL 1, figs. 2, 3 ; pi. 51, figs. 14, 15, 23.

Shell subperforate, ovate-conic, rather solid, striatulate and very
obsoletely decussated, shining, tawny. Spire convex-conic, rather
acute. Suture subcrenulated. Whorls 6, a little convex, the last a
little longer than the spire, rotund at base; columella subplicate,
receding. Aperture little oblique, oblong-oval, fleshy-whitish inside ;
peristome unexpanded, acute, the columellar margin dilated, reflexed
and subappressed. Alt. 31, diam. 15 mill.; aperture 17 mill, long,
8 wide. (Pfr.).

" Los Obrages " near La Paz, Bolivia, at 3300 meters alt. (Orb.).

Helix lithoica Orb., Mag. de Zool., 1835, p. 13. — Bulimus lithoicus
ORB., Voy. dans 1'Amer. Merid., p. 288, pi. 33, f. 10, 11.— PFR.,
Monogr., ii, p. 167 ; iii, 408 ; iv, 467 ; vi, 109.— B. culminant
EEEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 17, f. 98.

The types measure 35 mill, alt., 15 diameter. Fig. 23 is Reeve's
culminans.

Group of B. striatus.

B. STRIATUS King. PI. 47, figs. 74, 75.

Shell perforate, ovate-conic, thin ; immature shells keeled or sub-
angular at the periphery. Whitish, more or less tinged with tawny,
with numerous oblique chestnut and blackish streaks, and a dark cres-
cent within the umbilicus (which is often surrounded by a white
band); periphery often with a light line ; apex purple, smooth. Sur-
face sculptured with fine rib-strice (sometimes subobsolete on body-
whorl). Spire conic; whorls 6 to 6?, but slightly convex.

Aperture oblong, half the length of shell, quite oblique, light
brownish, slightly streaked within. Outer lip thin, dark-edged
within ; columellar lip somewhat concave, dilated above.

Alt. 18.} diam. 9* mill.

Alt. 16, diam. 9 mill.

Santos (Cuming) ; valley of Ollantaitambo (Angrand), Peru.

Bulinus striatus KING in Sowb., Conch. Illustr., f. 56 (July, 1833).
— Bulimus striatus PFR., Symbols, ii, p. 51 ; Monogr., ii, p. 209 ;
Conchyl. Cab., p. 225, pi. 62, f. 5, 6.— REEVE, Couch. Icon., f. 139.
Not Clausilia striata Spix. — Bulimixus striatellus BECK, Index Moll.,
p. 70 (refers to Sowerby's figure). — PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 491 ; vi,p.
139.

The striped color pattern and the striation are characteristic.
The name striatus was not preoccupied in either Bolimux, Bulinus
or Bulimulus, so the change proposed by Beck was unnecessary.

1 80 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

B. PIURANUS Alhers. PL 50, figs. 56, 57, 58.

Shell perforate, acuminate-ovate, rather thin, closely costulate-plic-
ate; dull fulvous, with two encircling brown bands, frequently inter-
rupted, and irregularly scattered spots. Spire conic, the apex
corneous, acute, smooth. Whorls 7, suture distinct, the earlier con-
vex, the last a little shorter than the spire, subangulated around the
perforation. Columella straight, slightly receding. Aperture ob-
long-ovate, the peristome simple, acute; right margin arcuate, col-
umellar margin reflexed and free. Alt. 20, diam. 9 mill. ; aperture
7 mill, long, 4 wide. (Albers).

Piura, northwestern Peru.

Bulimus piuranus ALB., Malak. BL, i, 1854, p. 31. — PFR., JVlon-
ogr., iv, p. 491. — MOUSSON, Malak. BL, xvi, p. 177. — Orth aliens per-
icanus H. <fe A. AD., Gen. Rec. Moll., ii, p. 159.

The specimens before me, two of which are figured, while doubt-
less belonging to this species, differ in coloration from Alber's de-
scription. One is opaque white, with numerous small corneous-
brown macuke and unequally spaced oblique chestnut streaks and
an ill-defined peripheral light girdle with traces of several others.
Another shell has numerous (6 or 7) girdles formed of more or less
coalescent corneous-brown flecks, and no oblique streaks.

The spire is somewhat attenuated above, formed of quite closely
coiled whorls, the apex rather small, but obtuse and smooth. The
later 2J or 3 whorls have regular, close rib-striae. Specimens meas-
ure: Alt. 19s, diam. 9i, alt. of aperture 8£, width (to outer edge
of columella) 6 mill. Alt. 20, diam. 10 ; alt. of aperture 8£ mill.

The species is close to B. striatus King in texture and sculpture,
but the spire is much stouter, especially below, as well as longer.

Mousson records it from Bugua and Amazonas, Colombia, col-
lected by Wallis.

B. ALAUSIENSIS Cousin. PI. 50, fig. 59.

Shell perforated, oval oblong, with sleuder, conic spire ; thin,
fragile and subtransparent ; surface grooved with quite strong, irre-
gular and noticeably oblique growth-striae ; color dull yellowish-
white or clear ashy-gray, visibly marbled, the earlier whorls of a
darker shade, which on yellowish individuals is reddish-brown, and
on ashy-gray shells is blackish. Whorls 8, moderately convex,
slowly and regularly increasing; suture linear, well-defined. Ear-
lier two whorls very small and smooth, forming an acute apex.
Last whorl slightly ventricose, with an obsolete median carina.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME. 181

Aperture yellow-reddish within, oval ; outer lip of peristome thin,
fragile and acute, inserted above at the edge of a slight keel ; col-
umellar margin nearly straight, thin and fragile, dilated and nearly
closing the umbilicus; a slight channel at base; parietal callus
moderate. Alt. 25, diam. 9-10; length of aperture 10, width 5
mill.

Mt. Hacu, between Achapallus and the Sula River, Alaun district
of the province Chimborazo, Ecuador, 2800 meters alt., under stones
and at the roots of cacti (Cousin).

Thaumastus alausiensis Cousin, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xii, 1887,
p. 228, pi. 4, f. 13.

B. DEPSTUS Reeve. PI. 47, fig. 85.

Shell perforate, ovate-turrited, rather solid, plicatulate ; tawny,
irregularly ornamented with chestnut streaks. Spire conic, rather
obtuse. Whorls 7, convex, closely plicate at the sutures ; the last
whorl about three-sevenths the total length, somewhat compressed
toward the narrow perforation. Columella subvertical, slightly
arcuate. Aperture slightly oblique, oblong ; peristome simple, the
right margin spreading, columellar margin liver-colored, vaulted
and reflexed above. Alt. 19, diam. 10; aperture 85 mill, long, 5
wide. (P/r.).

Chachapoyas, Peruvian plateau (Lobb).

Bulimus depstus RVE., P. Z. S., 1849, p. 97 ; Conch. Icon., pi. 73,
no. 524, f. 525.— PFR., Mouogr., iii, p. 428.

B. RECONDITUS Reeve. PI. 47, fig. 86.

Shell perforate, ovate-conic, rather solid, nearly smooth ; whitish
clouded with gray, and ornamented with short streaks and dotted
longitudinal lines of chestnut. Spire elongate-conic, somewhat acute.
Whorls 7, a little convex, the last shorter than the spire, a little
swollen below the sutures, rotund at base. Columella very lightly
arcuate. Aperture oblique, oblong-oval; peristome simple, unex-
panded, the columellar margin shortly reflexed above. Alt. 20,
diam. 9j ; aperture, length 10, width 5 mill. (Pfr.).

Habitat unknown.

Bulimus reconditxs RVE., Conch. Icon., pi. 76, f. 549 (Aug., 1849).
-PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 422 ; iv, p. 483 ; vi, p. 129.

The " dark longitudinal dashes and finely dotted lines" are its more
prominent feature. Pfeiffer has described a variety from Peru as

182 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

having narrow chestnut bands, and brown around the umbilicus.
Morelet considers it a form of B. nigropileatus, but he had seen
neither species.

B. NIGROPILEATUS Reeve. PL 47, fig. 84.

Shell perforate, oblong-turrited, rather solid, subrugose-striate,
white. Spire long-conic, the rather obtuse apex black or corneous.
Whorls 7, slightly convex, the last a little shorter than the spire,
usually with an interrupted brown band below the middle. Col-
umella slightly arcuate. Aperture a little oblique, oblong-oval,
brownish inside; peristome simple, unexpanded, the columellar mar-
gin dilated and broadly reflexed above. Alt. 21, diam. 9 mill. ;
aperture 9s mill, long, 5 wide. (Pf>*-)-

Chachapoyas (Lobb), and Chota (Stolzmann) Peru.

Bulimus nigropileatus RVE., P. Z. S., 1849, p. 97 ; Conch. Icon.,
pi. 73, no. 525, f. 524. — PFR., Mouogr., iii, p. 427 ; vi, 137. — LUBO-
MIRSKI, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 723.

B. STENACME Pfeiffer. PI. 49, figs. 32, 33.

Shell umbilicate, ovate-turrited, rather solid, rugulose striate ;
whitish, generally variegated with narrow, pale corneous streaks.
Spire long, attenuated toward the somewhat acute apex. Whorls
7-8, slightly convex, the last about equal to two-fifths the alt., some-
what compressed around the narrow umbilicus.

Aperture oblique, oblong-oval, brown-fleshy inside; peristome
simple, unexpanded, the columellar margin dilated above, vaulted
and reflexed. Alt. 202-28, diam. 9-11 mill.; length of aperture
9-11, width 5-7 mill. (Pfr.).

Patas (Farris), and Tarma (Isern), Peru.

BuUmm stenacme PFR., P. Z. S., 1856, p. 333; Monogr., iv, p.
492; Novit. Conch., iii, p. 464, pi. 101, f. 12, 13 ("steuaeme" on
plate). — HIDALGO, Journ. de Conchyl., 1875, p. 130 ; Viaje al Pacif.
p. 131.

The figures do not well show the character of the spire, attenuated
toward the apex.

B. RADIATUS Morelet. PI. 49, figs. 25, 26.

Shell rimate, ovate-turrited, thin, little shining, obsoletely and
irregularly costulate-striate ; whitish with isolated reddish streaks
and a very few blackish dots. Spire elongated, the apex acute,

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOA< ME. 183

corneous. Whorls 7, a little convex, at the base the last is rotund,
rugose and brownish.

Aperture a little exceeding two-fifths the total alt., slightly oblique,
oval, brown inside ; peristome simple, thin and unexpanded ; col-
uraellar margin straightened, dilated and reflexed. Alt. 24-29,
diam. 10-10* mill. (Morel.}.

Valley of Jatija and slopes of Cuzco, Pern (Angrand).

Bulimus radiatus MOREL., Ser. Conch., iii, p. 188, pi. 9, f. 2. —
PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 136.

We come now to a series of Bulimus of which B. striatiis mav be

J

considered, if not the type, at least the earliest known representative.
The present form is distinguished at first sight by the tawny lines,
always quite distinct though more or less dark, which zebra-stripe its
surface. Toward the termination of the last whorl, the irregularly
spaced lines become wider, diminish in intensity, and little by little
merge into a uniform violaceous tint, the strise becoming more pro-
nounced, giving the surface a rugose appearance. The spire is
longer than in B. munsteri Orb., the shell more solid, rougher, and
the color of the aperture is different. The habits also are diverse,
B. munsteri living under stones or moss, while B. radiatus lives in
the open air, on cacti, etc. B. nigropileatus Reeve, an umbilicated
shell, has the aperture wider and the last whorl more ventricose.
Finally, the absence of an umbilicus and the feebleness of the col-
umellar dilation are the principal characters separating it from />'.
stenacme Pfr. (Morel.).

B. OROPHILUS Morelet. PI. 46, figs. 55, 56, 57.

Shell umbilicated, oblong-turritecl, rather solid, somewhat shining,
irregularly and obsoletely costulate-striate ; whitish, marked with a
few blackish dots ; spire elongated, attenuated toward the corneous
and rather acute apex. Whorls 7, a little convex, the last usually
streaked with rufous, sometimes banded, compressed around the um-
bilicus, a little shorter than the spire.

Aperture oblique, oblong-oval, fleshy-fulvous inside ; peristome
simple, unexpanded, the margins somewhat converging, colmnellar
margin dilated above, and reflexed. Alt. 22, diam. 9 mill. (Morel.).

Temperate vallies of the plateaux of Cuzco, Peru, notably at Tala-
vera, Silqite, Incahuasi and Mollepata, on cacti of the genus Cereiis
(Angrand).

184 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

Biilimus orophilns MOREL., Ser. Couch., iii, p. 189, pi. 9, f. 6
(1863).— PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 137.— HIDALGO, Mol. Viaje al Pacif.,
p. 118; Journ. de Conch., 1870, p. 63.

There are three color-forms ; unicolored white, longitudinally
striped with reddish, and banded with reddish or violaceous.

Two Bulimi, stenacme Pfr. and nigropileatns Reeve (to which re-
conditusReeve may be united as a variety), are extremely close allies
of B. orophilns. Although often banded, like nigropileatus, it never
has the apex colored like that. It is a more elongated shell, with
more acute spire, the aperture narrower, more oblique, the columellar
margin a little less dilated. B. stenacme differs in coloration, pro-
portions of aperture to spire, and the form of the aperture.

Morelet's comparisons, the substance of which is given above, are
based upon the descriptions and figures of nigropileatus and sten-
acme, not on comparison of specimens.

B. BALSANUS Morelet. PL 50, fig. 62.

Shell narrowly umbilicated, oblong-conic, delicate, costulate-stri-
ate, shining ; whitish-fleshy, sparsely streaked with reddish toward
the base, and marked with a few blackish dots. Spire tapering, the
apex acute, deep reddish. Whorls 6, a little convex, the last a little
shorter than the spire.

Aperture a little oblique, oblong oval, scorched-fulvous inside ;
peristome unexpanded, thin, the columellar margin dilated above,
reflexed. Alt. 19, diam. 8£ mill. (Morel.').

Balsa de Cocharcas, Mountains of Peru (Angraud).

Bulimi is balsanus MOREL., Ser. Conch., iii, p. 192, pi. 9, f. 8. —
PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 138.

Smaller than B. orophilns, less elongated, and with a shining sur-
face. The surface is engraved with oblique, visibly sinuous, spaced and
shallow stria;, producing a more or less regular costulation, which dis-
appears on the latter moity of the last whorl, where it is ornamented
with very few, inconspicuous longitudinal reddish lines, as in the ma-
jority of the species of this group. Not one is banded. The apex is
corneous, glossy, bright red, sometimes brownish. The umbilicus is
a little narrower than in B. orophilns. It is dotted like B. orophilns.

B. CEREICOLA Morelet. PL 46, fig. 63.

Shell scarcely perforated, oblong-conic, delicate, shining, costulate-
striate; whitish, radiated with narrow tawny streaks, and marked

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-L1SSOACME. 1 N.'i

with a very few corneous dots. Spire visibly attenuated, the apex
acute, usually violaceous-blackish. Whorls 6, a little convex, the
last shorter than the spire, slightly attenuated at base ; coluinella
rather straight or receding.

Aperture slightly oblique, reddish-bordered, irregularly oval ; the
right margin thin, unexpanded, columellar margin dilated above,
appressed, nearly closing the perforation. Alt. 20, diam. 9 mill.
(Morel.}.

There is a unicolored white form.

Peru, in the Vallies of Abancay and Acostambo, west of Cnzco in
the interior of the Sierra, on cacti of the genus Cerens (Angrand).

BuHiiiux cercicola [typog. err.] MOREL., Ser. Conch., iii, p. 192,
pi. 9, f. 7 ; B. cereicola MOREL., t. c., p. 193. — PFR., Monogr., vi, p.
138.

This species differs from B. balsanus in the absence of an umbil-
icus, which is reduced to an extremely narrow chink partly by the
reflexion of the columellar lip. Moreover, it is larger, with a wider
and at the same time less regular aperture, the coluinella being in
some specimens nearly vertical, and the outer lip very markedly
curved toward its insertion. The interior of the aperture is not en-
tirely fallow colored, as in the foregoing species, but only colored at
the edges, comprising all the visible part of the columella ; finally
the lines which ornament the exterior are fine and quite regularly
spaced.

B. MUNSTERI Orbigny. PI. 51, figs. 9, 10, 11.

Shell narrowly umbilicated, ovate-conic, rather thin, striatulate,
subpellucid; corneous-whitish, ornamented with reddish streaks;
spire conic, the apex rather acute; suture profound. Whorls 7,
convex, the last a little shorter than the spire.

Aperture subvertical, oval ; columella somewhat receding ; per-
istome simple, unexpanded, the right margin very much arched
above, columellar margin dilated, wide. Alt. 22, diam. 11 ; aper-
ture 10 mill, long, 5 wide inside. (Pfr.~).

Bolivia : Eastern foot-hills of the Cordillera ivest of Santa Cruz de
la Sierra (Orb.) ; (.'luuir/inixti/it, prov. Tangos, 1440 meters alt. (Stii-
bel).

Helix camba ORB., Voy., pi. 34, f. 4-7 (legend on plate), not Bul-
imiis camba Orb., Voy., p. 263. — Btilimiis mntisteriiORB., Voy. dans
1'Amer. Merid., p. 278. — PFR., Monogr., ii,p. 109. — Bulimus

186 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

M. E. GRAY, Figs. Moll. Anim., pi. 73, f. 1. — Bulimulus (Scutalus)
munsteri Orb., MARTENS, Conchol. Mittheil, i, p. 162.

B. DENDRITIS Morelet. PI. 50, fig. 63.

Shell covered-perforate, turrited-conic, thin, shining, delicately
plicate-striate. Whitish or pale straw-color, marbled irregularly
with brownish-purple or chestnut, the spots confusedly arranged in
decurrent series, the base with a band of the ground-color circum-
scribing the umbilical region. Spire tapering, the apex corneous
and rather acute. Whorls 7, little convex, the last scarcely half the
length of the spire, banded around the perforation.

Aperture oval ; peristome simple, thin, the right margin arcuate,
columellar margin dilated above, vaultiugly reflexed. Alt. 20, diam.
8 mill. (Morel}.

Near Hxiro, Valley of Santa Ana, Peru, (Angrand), in axils of
maize leaves and on reeds.

B. dentritis (typog. err.), MOREL., Ser. Conch., iii, p. 206, pi. 9, f.
5 (1863). — B. dendr it-is MOREL., t. c., p. 207.— PFR., Monogr., vi,p.
137.

The largest specimens are 22 mill. long. It is a thin and fragile
species, recalling Coclilicella acuta in form, but larger and more
prettily colored. The umbilical perforation is narrow and masked
by the reflexion of the columellar lip ; the aperture is medium sized,
and partakes of the external coloring, by transparence. It is sculpt-
ured with fine, regular, perceptibly sinuous folds, which show as
yellowish lines. There is a buff form of this species, broadly streaked
with brown.

The sculpture of the apex is not known, and the delicacy of the
shell raises a doubt of the generic position of the species. It may
prove to be a Mesembrinus.

B. DENDRITOIDES Pilsbry, n. n. PI. 50, figs. 60, 61.

Shell openly umbilicate, oblong-turrited, thin, substriate, rather
shining. Whitish, ornamented with rufous-ferruginous interrupted
bands or dots in transverse series. Spire turrited, the apex rather
acute, blackish-corneous. Whorls 8-9, very convex, the last about
i the length of shell, attenuated at base.

A pert u re little oblique, oblong, fleshy-brownish within ; peristome
simple, slightly expanded, the right margin narrowly arcuate, col-

BULIMULUS-KOSTRYX-LIS^OACME. 1 87

umellar margin dilated, wide, reflexed. Columella rather straight-
ened. Alt. 18, diarn. 6£ mill. ; aperture 6* mill. long. (P/V.).

Between S. Fernando and Patipampa, Peru, 30 leagues east of
Huancayo, in " La Sierra."

Bulimus monticola PHILIPPI, Malak. Bl., xvi, 1869, p. 33. — PFR.,
ibid., p. 88 ; Novit. Conch., iii, p. 470, pi. 102, f. 7, 8 ; Monogr., viii,
p. 172. Not B. monticola Roth, Mai. Bl., iii, 1856, p. 3.

Very< similar to the illustration of B. dendriti* Morel., but that
species is said to be plicate-striate, and with a length of 20 mill, has
only 7 whorls. (P/iiV.).

B. BILINEATUS Sowerby. PL 50, fig. 64.

Shell narrowly umbilicate, oblong-conic, rather thin ; pale brown-
ish, with tiro darker brown spiral bands bounding a median irliitr
band. Surface with indistinct fine growth-lines, and faint traces of
minute, close, spiral stride above. Spire slightly convex conic, the
apex smooth, obtuse, brownish. Whorls 6-}-7, moderately convex.

Aperture slightly over one third the total length, ovate, showing
the bands within. Outer lip arcuate, sharp. Columellar lip dilated
above.

Alt. ISs, diam. 6; alt. of aperture 5 mill. (Specimen).

Alt. 14, diam. 65 ; alt. of aperture 6 mill. (P/V-).

Western U. S. of Colombia, and Island of St. Elena (Cum ing) ;
Las Cruces, Savane, near Manta, canton of Montecristi, prov. Manabi,
Ecuador (Cousin).

Bulinu* bilineatus Sows., P. Z. S., 1833, p. 37 ; Conch. Illustr.,

f. 29. — Bulimus bilineatus DESH. in Lam., An. s. Vert., viii, p. 277.

-PFR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 231, pi. 02, f. 31-33 ; Monogr., ii, 211 ;

vi, 132. — Thatnnastus bilineatus COUSIN, Bull. Soc. Zool. France,

xii, 1887, p. 223.

As in B. striatus, the young are angular at the periphery. The
small size and mouth, smpothish surface, and the coloration, distin-
guish the species. It extends further northward than any other
member of the subgenus.

Group of B. apodemetes.

B. APODEMETES Orbigny. PI. 51, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4.

Shell obliquely perforate or closed, ovate, thin, corneous with
oblique stripes of chestnut and opaque-white (sometimes lacking the

1 88 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

brown), spire reddish or corneous-brown ; sculptured with incon-
spicuous growth-wrinkles. Spire conic, apex smooth ; whorls 6,
convex.

Aperture ovate, over half the length of shell, colored within like
the outside. Outer lip thin, sharp, regularly arcuate ; columellar
lip dilated above and reflexed over, closing or nearly closing the per-
foration.

Alt. 28, diam. 18 mill. (Orb.).

Alt. 22 J, diam. 13* ; alt. of aperture 12* mill. (Specimen).

Alt. 23, diam. 13 ; alt. of aperture 12i mill. (Specimen).

Argentina, provinces of Santa Fe, Entre-Rios, Cordoba, 8. Luis
Catamarca, Titcuman, Safta, etc.; Bolivia, Santa Cruz de la Sierra
(Bridges) and Llanos de Chiqnitos (Orb.).

Helix apodemetes ORB., Mag. de Zool., 1835, p. 10. — Bulinus apo~
demetes Sows., Conch. Illustr., f. 64, 64*. — Bulimus apodemetes
ORB., Voy. dans 1'Amer. Merid., p. 279, pi. 30, f. 5-8.— REEVE,
Conch. Icon., f. 142 (bad).— PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 173 ; viii, p. 160.—
HIDALGO, Viaje al Pacif., Mol., p. 85. — PARAVICINI, Boll. Mus.
Zool. ed Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino, ix, no. 181, p. 6 (1894).-
Bulimulus apodemetes, BECK, Index, p. 68. — STROBEL, Mater.
Malac. Argeutinia, p. 26. — DOERING, Bol. Acad. Nac. Ciencias Rep.
Argent. (Cordoba), iii, p. 68 (1879). — Bulimus pessulatu* REEVE,
Conch. Icon., pi. 23, f. 153 (June, 1848).— PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 409.
— Pledosiylus pessulatus FFLD., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xix, p.
875, 1869.

The inflated form, thin, light texture and conspicuous striping
render this an easily recognized form. In some places, such as
Cordoba de Tncuman, specimens occur without the chestnut stripes.
Doering has shown the jaw and teeth to be of the usual type in
Bulimulus. It is a widely distributed species. I fail to see any
differential characters, whatever, in Reeve's B. pessidatus, collected
by Bridges in Bolivia (fig. 4).

B. CENTRALIS Doering.

Shell perforated, ovate-conic, thin, rather smooth, slightly shin-
ing; opaque whitish, more or less variegated with very irregular
pellucid corneous streaks. Spire oblong-conic, the apex corneous-
buff. Whorls 6, a little convex, the last about one-half the total
length, not descending. Columella subplicatulate. Aperture oblong-
ovate ; peristome simple, acute, the right margin reflexed, half clos-

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-I.lsso.U ME. 189

ing the perforation. Length 16-20, diani. 9-10 mill. ; aperture 9-
10 2 mill, long, 5-6 wide. (Doer.).

Sierra de Cordoba, Aryentiitfi.

Bulimtiliis centralis DOER., Bol. Acad. Nac. Cien. Rep. Argent.,
iii, p. 69 (1879).

Has much affinity with B. apodemetes, with wlm-h it lives associ-
ated, the form being a miniature of that species; but last whorl
longer? its surface smooth. Differs from B. album in the longer con-
tour, and from B. rouaulti in not having the last whorl obliquely
descending. Jaw with 13-14 slightly curved riblets, those toward
the median part much narrower; basal margin serrate. Teeth in
nearly straight transverse series.

B. VENTANENSIS n. Sp. PI. 1, fig. 8.

Shell narrowly perforate, ovate-conic, thin ; closely and obliquely
streaked with blackish, brown and pale olive-brown, the earlier
whorls lighter ; shining. Surface sculptured with rather coarse and
unequal growth-wrinkles. Spire short conic, the apex smooth, white,
and obtuse at the rather small tip. Whorls 5£, slightly convex.

Aperture oblique, about half the shell's length, whitish and show-
ing the streaks within ; peristome thin, unexpanded and acute, the
outer lip regularly arcuate ; columella straightened, descending to-
ward the left, the columellar margin reflexed and triangularly ex-
panded, flattened, and applied closely over the umbilical area, leav-
ing a narrow chink open.

Alt. 21, diam. 10-j ; alt. of aperture 11 mill.

Alt. 22, diam. 11 ; alt. of aperture 10J mill.

Alt. 19-}, diam. 10* ; alt. of aperture 10 mill.

Sierra de la Ventana, prov. Buenos Ai/re*, Arynititm.

As thin a shell as the allied B. npmli nn /»•>•, but very much more
slender and with darker coloring.

B. CONOSPIRUS Doeriug. Unfiyured.

Shell perforate, ovate-conic, rather solid ; whitish, opaque ; nearly
smooth, densely and irregularly striated. Spire perfectly conical,
the apex obtuse. Whorls 5, rather flat, the last more convex, a
little longer than the spire ; columella obsoletely folded. Aperture
subvertical, oval, pale brown within, shining; peristome simple,
obtuse, very narrowly subexpanded, columellar lip somewhat dilated,

1 90 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

expanded. Length 21-24, diam. 13-16£; aperture 12-14 mill,
long, 8-9 wide. (Doer ing}.

Sierra of Tucuman, Argentina (Hierouymus).

Scutalus conospirus D., Bol. Acad. Nac. de Cien. Rep. Argent.,
iii, 1879, p. 67.

Jaw with 12 riblets, those at the ends wider, all somewhat prom-
inent at the lower edge. Teeth of radula in approximately straight
series, as in the typical Bulimuli.

Var. fasciata. With obsolete and interrupted pale brown, trans-
lucent spiral bands.

B. OXYLABRIS Doering.

Shell rimate, conic-oblong, subfusiform, irregularly rugose-striate,
rather smooth ; opaque-whitish ; spire oblong-conic, the apex pale
corneous, rather obtuse. Whorls 6, moderately convex, the last
about four-ninths the total alt. Columella obsoletely plicatulate.
Aperture subvertical, oval, slightly yellowish inside, shining ; per-
istome simple, uuexpanded, acute; columellar margin reflexed,
broad, half closing the perforation. Length 17-20, diam. 9-10 ;
aperture, length 9-10?, width 43-5 mill. (Doer.}.

First Sierra of Cordoba, particularly in the calcareous regions at la
Calera, San Antonio, Maldonado, Alta Gratia, Argentina.

Scutalus oxylabris DOERING, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cien. Rep. Argent.,
iii, p. 65 (1879).

Jaw with 12-15 riblets. B. oxylabris differs from B. peristomatus
in the smaller size and elongate shape, the unexpanded peristome,
more acute and not reflexed.

B. STELZNERI Dohrn. PL 51, figs. 20, 21, 22.

Shell profoundly rimate, ovate-conic, rather thin, densely and irre-
gularly rugose-striute ; dull whitish; apex minute, smooth; spire
conic ; whorls 5-6, moderately convex, the last longer than the spire,
effuse in front ; columella deeply and obsoletely folded. Aperture
subvertical, oval, whitish within and shining; peristome simple, the
right margin slightly expanded, basal margin dilated, narrowly ex-
panded; columellar margin dilated, wide. Length 23-28, diam.
14-20; alt. of aperture 13-18, width 8-11 mill. (Dohrn}.

Argentina, at " Cerro de Chepe " (Stelzner) ; Sierra de Catamarca
(Jacotula) at about 2000 meters alt. (Doring).

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME. 191

Bulimulus (Scittahts) stelzneri DOHRN, Malak. Bl., xxii, p. 202
(1875); again iu xxiv, 1877, p. 157.— KOBELT, Jahrb. D. M. Ges.,
y, 1878, p. 149, pi. 6, f. 7.— PFR., Monogr., viii, p. 58 ; Novit. Conch.
»v, p. 164, pi. 137, f. 8-10.— DOERING, Bol. Acad. Nac. Cien. Rep.
Argent., iii, 1879, p. 66.

Nearest to B. proteus and derelictus in form, and showing the same
range of variation in size and shape, but differing from both in
sculpture, thinness, and formation of the umbilical region. (Dohni).

*

B. MONTICOLA Doering.

Shell perforate, ovate-conic, thin, little shining, pellucid-corneous
or reddish-corneous (sometimes ornamented with obscure, brownish
longitudinal bands), variegated with close, opaque-whitish, wrinkled,
elevated and very irregular stria?. Spire conic, apex rather acute.
Whorls 6, a little convex, the first buff, smoothish, the last more
swollen, over one-half the entire length.

Aperture oblong-ovate ; peristome simple, thin, acute ; right mar-
gin regularly arcuate ; columellar margin reflexed, half closing the
perforation. Alt. 13-17, diam. 7-9 mill.; aperture 7-9 mill, long,
4-5 wide. (Doer.').

Sierra de los Granadillos, prov. Catamarca, and on the styles of
Tocina, Sierra de Famatina, at 3300-4000 meters alt. ; darker form
from la Quebrada de S. Isidro, prov. Mendoza, Argentina (Stelzner).

Bulimulus monticola DOER., Bol. Acad. Nac. Cien. Rep. Argent.,
iii, p. 69 (not Bnlimus monticola Phil., Mai. Bl., 1863, p. 33, see
p. 187, nor Bulimus monticola Roth a Buliminus).

Jaw with 8 thick riblets, the median ones much narrower. Teeth
in straight transverse series, relatively large and separated, and com-
paratively few in number.

The species lives only at considerable altitudes.

B. CORDILLERA Strobel. PI. 51, figs. 5, 6, 7.

Shell covered-perforate, oblong-turrited, rather thin ; spire turrited,
the apex rather obtuse, suture impressed. Whorls 6, moderately con-
vex, the first smooth, shining, violaceous, brown or tawny, the rest
sculptured with delicate growth-stride, somewhat shining, whitish
with longitudinal corneous rays ; last whorl not descending, more
than a third the shell's length.

Aperture slightly oblique, oval ; peristome simple, acute, the mar-
gins remote, outer margin unexpanded, columellar reflexed, almost

192 BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME.

wholly closing the perforation ; parietal wall glossy ; throat uni-
colored brown or marked like the outside. Alt. 14-15, diam. 6-7;
aperture, length 6-7, width 4-5 mill. (Strob.*).

Villa Vicencio and Casa de Piedra, Sierra de Mendoza, Argentina.

Bulimulus (Mesembrinus) cordt fierce STROB., Mater. Malac. Ar-
gent., p. 22, pi. 1, f. 3 (1874).— B. cordillene DOERING, Bol. Acad.
Nac. Cien. Rep. Argent., iii, p. 72. — PFR., Monogr., viii, p. 156.

This species is compared by Strobe! with B. devians Dohrn, which
has fewer whorls and different coloration. Doering believes it allied
to his B. monticola.

B. TORTORANUS Doering.

Shell covered-rimate, conic-oblong, subfusiform, thin, striatulate,
subdiaphanous, a little shining, rather smooth ; brown or buff-cor-
neous, closely ornamented with very irregular longitudinal opaque-
whitish marbled streaks. Whorls 7, rather flat, the first corneous
or corneous-buff, the rest variegated, last whorl oblong- ventricose,
about four-ninths the total length. Columella plicatulate. Aper-
ture oblong-oval ; peristome simple, thin, acute, the basal margin a
little expanded, the columellar margin shortly reflexed. Alt. 26-
27, diam. 10 mill.; aperture 12 mill, long, 6-62 wide. (Doer.).
Sierra de Pocho (Totoras, Yatan, Cerro Salado, etc.~), Argentina.

Bulimulus tortoranus DOER., Bol. Acad. Nac. Cien. Rep. Argent.,
iii, p. 71.

Has some affinity with B. cordillerce, but is more conic, not so
pupiform, the whorls are less convex, and the aperture is more pro-
longed and a little reflexed at the base. Jaw of 10-12 large riblets,
the median ones narrower.

B. FAYSSIANUS Petit. PI. 51, fig. 8.

Shell ovate-oblong, brown, a little paler toward the sutures, shin-
ing, somewhat translucid, longitudinally very delicately striated.
Whorls 7, somewhat convex. Spire conic, slightly longer than the
aperture. Aperture pale purple-brown inside; columella oblique
above, straight below, white and dilated over the umbilicus which
it in large part covers; right margin very thin, acute. Alt. 31,
diam. 16 mill. (Petit).

. 1 ryentina.

B'uliniiix fayssianus PETIT DE LA SATJSSAYE, Journ. de Conch.,
1853, p. 250, pi. 8, f. 7.— PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 500.

BULIMULUS-BOSTRYX-LISSOACME. 193

Remarkable for its regular, symmetrical form, its coloration and
transparence.

B. HELOICUS Orbiguy. PI. 51, figs. 12, 13.

Shell narrowly umbilicated, oblong-conic, thin, substriatulate, as
if frosted, corneous- or whitish-yellow. Spire conic, the apex obtuse.
Whorls 6j-7, scarcely convex, the last a little shorter than the spire,
rotund at base. Columella receding. Aperture little oblique, oval ;
peristome simple, thin, the columellar margin dilated above, vault-
ingly reflexed. Alt. 24, diam. 10-i mill.; aperture 12£ mill. long. 6
wide. (Pf >'.*).

Alt. 25, diam. 12 mill. (Orb.-).
Mission of Bidosi, Prov. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (Orb.).

Helix heloica ORD., Mag.de Zool., 1835, p. 11. — Bulim/is heloicus
ORB., Voy., p. 272, pi. 30, f. 9-11.— PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 204; iii,
439 ; iv, p. 504 ; vi, 152. — Bulimulus heloicus BECK, Index, p. 67.—
B. heloecus ALBERS. — Otostomus heloicus H. ADAMS, P. Z. S., 1866,
p. 442.

It is also recorded from eastern Peru. Subgeneric position un-
certain.

B. TURRITELLATUS Beck. PI. 50, figs. 65, 66.

Shell openly perforate, ovate-conic, rather thin, smooth, subdia-
phanous; corneous gray, ornamented with close white lines. Spire
conic and rather acute, the apex pale corneous or roseate. Whorls
6, slightly convex, the last slightly shorter than the spire. Col-
umella very slightly arcuate. Aperture oblong-oval, the peristome
simple, unexpanded, columellar margin dilated, somewhat vaultingly
spreading. Alt. 21, diam. 10 mill. ; alt. of aperture 11, width 5 mill.

Province of Chiqulios, Bolivia, near the mx-intl Minion of
Juan (Orb.).

Helix tntritella ORB., Mag. de Zool., 1835, p. 13. Not H> //./• tur-
ritella For.— Bulhmt* tm-rlfr//,, ORB., Voy., p. 274, pi. 33, f. 12-14.
-REEVE, Conch. Icon., pi. 70, fig. fill.— Pi i:., Monogr., ii, p. 208.
— Jitiliin.ulus turritellatus BECK, Index Moll., p. 67.

Differs from B. sporadicus in the smaller size, more pu pi form
shape, and line ornamentation.
13

194 APPENDIX.

Species of uncertain position.
B. LURIDUS Pfeiffer.

Shell umbilicated, conic-ovate, solid, striatulate, lurid-flesh colored.
Spire conic, the apex acute, submamillate. Whorls 6, a little convex,
the last slightly longer than the spire, rotund at base. Aperture
subvertical, oblong-oval ; peristome unexpanded, the right margin
white-lipped within, columellar margin dilated, spreading. Alt. 22,
diam. 11 ; aperture length 11 5, width 7 mill. (Pfr.').

Habitat uncertain.

Bulimus luridus PFR., P. Z. S., 1862, p. 274 ; Monogr., vi, p. 145.
Compare Crosse, Journal de Conchy]., 1871, p. 183, and 1894, p.
172 (1895).

Said by Pfeiffer, on the authority of the label in Cuming's collec-
tion, to be from New Caledonia ; but according to Crosse it does not
seem to exist in that island. The species has not been figured, and
may prove to belong to this South American group.

APPENDIX.

Genus STROPHOCHEILUS Spix (page 1).

S. PUDICUS Miiller (p. 6). Reported from Rodersburg by Hensel
(Martens, Malak. Bl., xv, p. 178).

S. PLANIDENS Mich. (p. 7).

Found by Paz at Corcobado, near Rio Janeiro (Journ. de Conch.
1870, p. 46).

S. UNIDENTATUS Sowerby (p. 9). Collected at Theresopolis, Prov.
Sta. Catharina, Brazil, by H. Fruhsdorfer (Bttg., Nachrbl., 1889,
p. 30).

Subgenus Bonus Albers (p. 10).

Add the synonym : Megalobulimus MILLER, Malak. Bl., xxv, p.
172, type B. garcia-moreni (==popelairictnus var. thfimmianus).

The jaw in this species is smooth, as I have found it to be also in
Borus Intewn-x var. australis. Lubomirski reports popelairianus

from J^i/inn/ (<SW/.:/;WM) and Motiterico (Jelski) Peru (P. Z. S.,
1879, p. 720).

APPENDIX. 195

A somewhat lengthy discussion of the character of the egg-shells
of Boni* will be found in Malak. Bliitter, xxv, p. 176.

S. HUASCARI Tschudi (p. 16).— Add : PL 16, fig. 25.

S. GRANULOSUS Rang (p. 20). Another synonym is: Variety of
Helix ovitlis, MAWE, Travels in the Interior of Brazil, 1812, p.
199, third plate, upper 3 figs.

S. OVATUS Miiller (p. 24). Add to synonyms : Helix ovalis Linn.,
MAWE, Trav. Inter. Brazil, third plate, lower left fig. — Lymncea
iinperialis LEA, Obs. Gen. Unio, i, p. 193, pi. 19, f. 73 (young
shell).

S. PROCLIVIS von Martens.

Shell subimperforate, ovate-oblong, somewhat unequally striatul-
ate, sparsely and subtly malleolate ; rather shining, yellow-brown,
the suture whitish, irregularly undulating. Whorls 6, the first
smooth, whitish, immersed, second and third whorls very convex,
rather coarsely ribbed, above whitish and then brown ; following
whorls rapidly increasing, the next-to-the-last whorl large, little con-
vex ; latter half of the last whorl very obliquely descending, the base
rotund.

Aperture little oblique, ovate; peristome thickened, narrowly re-
flexed, roseate ; columellar margin within spirally twisting, whitish,
outwardly dilated, appressed and roseate; parietal callus distinct,
rose-white.

Alt. 89, greater diam. 42, lesser 35 mill. ; aperture 45 mill, long ;
width including peristome 34, excluding peristome 25 mill.

Mnndo Nova, Prov. Rio Grande do Stil, Brazil.

Bnlimus procliuis von MARTENS, Sitzungs-Berichtder Gesellschaft

Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1888, no. 4, p. 64 (April 17).

-Bnlimus lacunosus Orb., MARTENS, Malak. Bl., xv, 1868, p. 177

("Urwalde bei Rodersberg ")• — B. Jheriiu/i CLESSIN, Malak. Bl.

(n. F.),p. 167.

The snail collected by Dr. Hensel, and compared with Bui.
sus in the Malakozoologische Blatter, 1868, p. 177, is this same species
in less well preserved condition. It belongs, according to the sculp-
ture of the earlier whorls, in the immediate group of Jin/, oratus, and
holds a relation to that species similar to that sustained by B. accel-
erans Marts, toward B. valenciennesi. (Martens).

196 APPENDIX.

No figure has been published. Dr. von Martens' description is
translated above. During the same year (1888), Clessin published
a description of this species under the name B. Iheringi. As it is
on one of the last pages of the Malak. Blatter for the year, while
von Martens' description appeared in the part of the Sitzungs-Ber-
icht for April, the latter apparently has priority. Clessin's descrip-
tion here follows:

B. iheringi Clessin. Shell lengthened globose, irregularly striated,
of a brown color. The sculpture of the second and part of the third
whorl is regularly, strongly ribbed, while the apex itself is nearly
smooth. The ribs on the fourth whorl do not extend as far as the
suture below, and become gradually more irregular in the following
whorls, remaining more strongly marked at the suture, and then
passing into irregular striae. Whorls 6, little convex, separated by
a deep suture, rather rapidly increasing, the last whorl composing
nearly a half of the shell. Aperture narrow-ovate; peristome very
much thickened and widened, reflexed, rose-red, the ends connected
by a strong, broad, closely appressed callus. Columella twisted,
much receding toward the left at its entrance to the aperture. Im-
perforate. Alt. 90, diam. 43, length of aperture 44 mill. (Cless.*).

Tagnara del Monde Ntiovo, Rio Grande do Sid, Brazil (H. v.
Ihering).

Dr. von Martens, who had the kindness to compare the sending
with the original examples in the Berlin Museum collected by Dr.
Hensel, writes regarding this species : " It is the same species which
I identified doubtfully as B. lacu.no*us in Mai. Bl., xv, p.. 177, from
a specimen of Dr. Hensel's in very poor preservation. The illustra-
tion of d'Orbigny corresponds fairly well, only B. lacunosus has a
white peristome and is more tapering above. It appears to be a new
species allied to B. lacunosus. The apical sculpture is like that of
B. sanctce &rucis " ( Cless.^).

S. OBLONGUS Miiller (p. 29).

Add the following references: B. oblongtis (with varieties albo-
labiata, alba, crassc, capillacca) E. A. SMITH, Proc. Mai. Soc. Lond.
i, p. 137 (June, 1894) ; also t. c., pp. 306, 317 ; and Ann. Mag. N.
H. (6), viii, p. 251.— DALL, Nautilus, viii, p. 35.— GUPPY, P. Z. S.,
1892, p. 271. — Helix orijutrn, Catalogue of the Portland Museum,
p. 87 (1786).

APPENDIX. 197

" In my opinion B. oblong as is not indigenous in St. Vincent.
The Indians ate this and other large Bnlimi, and may readily have
introduced the species from the mainland, where it is common, and
where they often went on their forays " ( H. H. Smith).

In Grenada " this species is moderately common in gardens and
shady places below 1000 ft. Probably an imported species " (H. H.
Smith).

Bulimus oblongus has recently been found by Mr. H. G. Hubbard,
of the U. S. Agricultural Department, flourishing in St. Kitts, where
it has been introduced from Antigua by a resident conchologist.
(Da II).

Var. ALBOLABIATA E. A. Smith.

This name will replace that of var. tobagoensis Pilsbry (p. 30).

Var. ALBA Smith.

As large as the type, but pure white ; lip rose-pink. Bolivia (Orb.
and Brit. Mus.).

S. ROSACEUS King (p. 33) was taken by the ' Challenger ' Expedition
at Valparaiso, having the aperture closed with a tough horny epi-
phragm as thick as the operculum of Paludina (Smith, P. Z. S.,
1884, p. 280).

S. BRIDGESI Pfr. (p. 35).

Add the following references: B. bridgesi Pfr. REEVE, Conch.
Icon., pi. 19, f. 117.— GAY, Historia de Chile, viii, p. 107, pi. 3, f.4.

S. LUTESCENS King (p. 36).

Doring, in Bol. Ac. Cordova, ii, p. 335-337 (1876), describes a
variety cordillerce from Sierra de Cordoba. Also B. dorbignii from
Rio Sauce Chico, Southern Argentina (=B. nucleus Orb. & Strobel,
not Sowb., B. lutescens var. australix Martens). I have not been
able to obtain this publication. See also: Inforrne Comis. R.Negro,
i, Zool., p. 64, pi. l,f. 4.

S. LORENTZIANUS Doring. Sierras de Tucaman, Salta Jujny, Ar-
gentina.

Described in the place cited above. Not having that volume of
the publication, and being unable to obtain a copy from book dealers
or from the Society publishing it, I am unable to give a description.

198 APPENDIX.

Subgenus DRYPTUS Alb.
S. MARMORATUS Dkr. (p. 40).

Reported from the colony of Tovar, Venezuela (Simon /) by Jous-
seaurne (Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., ii, 1889, p. 243).

Subgenus THAUMASTUS Alb. (p. 43).

Add the synonym : Orphaicus SCHAUFUSS, Psetels Catal., 1869,
p. 14.

S. SANGO.E Tschudi (p. 45). Add the synonym £. pangoce Morel.,
Ser. Conch., iii, p. 155. The Pangoa is a river rising in the heights
of Andamarca, and giving its name to the valley which it waters
in the lower part of its course.

S. YANAMENSIS Morel, (p. 54). PI. 44, figs. 79, 80 (young shells).

In the young shells of 12 mill, long, 2£ whorls or younger, the last
whorl is always ornamented with three continuous bands. With
increase these become punctate or broken, and disappear on the last
whorl.

S. BREPHOIDES Orb. (p. 57). Reported from Amable Maria, Peru
(Jel«ki). See P. Z. S., 1879, p. 722.

S. ISERNI Phil. (p. 57). Also collected at Amable Maria (Jelski).
The name stands tserni in P. Z. S., 1879, p. 722.

S. BIT.ENIATUS Nyst (p. 58). Junin, Peru (Jelski). P. Z. S., 1879,
p. 722, as B. bifasciatus.

S. HARTWEGI Pfr. (p. 52). Cuenca, valley of Quito ( Orton). See
Journ. de Couch., 1871, p. 316.

S. THOMPSONI Pfr. (p. 53). Cuenca, valley of Quito (Orton). L. c.

S. ALUTACEUS Reeve (p. 59). Valley of the Utcubamba, N.-E.
Peru (Stub el), Conch. Mittheil., p. 157. Amable Maria, Peru
(Jelski), P. Z. S, 1879, p. 724.

S. PORPHYREUS Pfr. (p. 60). Chota, Peru (Jelski). P. Z. S., 1879,
p. 722.

Genus PLEKOCHEILUS Guilding.

P. AURISSILENI Born. (p. 65). Referred to by SMITH, Proc. Mai.
Soc. Lond., i, p. 306.

P. COLORATUS Nyst. (p. 74). In the text I neglected to state that
the form of this species found by Schlim at Ocana, and figured by
Pfr. in Novit. Conch., p. 29, pi. 8, f. 4, 5, has been called var.

APPENDIX. 199

SUBPLICATA Pfr., in Nomencl. Hel. Viv., p. 226. It is thus de-
fined : Shell longitudinally subplicate, spire longer, last whorl
less ventricose than in the type, hardly three-fifths the length of
shell. Coloration similar.

P. SCYTODES Pfr. (p. 84). Add the reference : Bulimus (Eurytus)
sytodes H. & A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll., ii, p. 148.

P. JIMENEZI Hidalgo (p. 86). A specimen found by Cousin at
Chiniploya, Rio Cosango.

P. ARIST^US Crosse (p. 88). Orton collected the types on the road
betweeen Quito and Napo.

P. PIPERITUS Sowb. (p. 89). Upper Amazon (Orton, J. de C., 1871,
p. 316). Napo (Cousin, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., xii, 1887, p. 208).

P. LACRIMOSUS Heimburg. PI. 50, figs. 51, 52.

Shell oblong-ovate, thin, subpellucid. Whorls 5, a little convex,
rapidly increasing, densely plicate longitudinally, the folds decreas-
ing in sharpness from the penultimate whorl to the smooth, rather
blunt apex. Suture somewhat creuate. Last whorl very large,
nearly three times the length of spire. Color reddish-brown irregu-
larly strewn with drop-like spots of dark chestnut somewhat shaded,
fading out into whitish. Columella thread-like, white, open and
free, forming a weak spiral visible to the apex.

Aperture oblong-ovate, large, two-thirds the total alt. of the shell,
shining within, brownish with a violet bloom, the spots of the exte-
rior distinctly showing through, and the external folds indicated by
weak stria? ; peristome simple, acute. (Heimb.').

Alt. 62, diam. 28 ; alt. of aperture 44 mill.

Iqiiitos, on the upper Amazon, l\rn.

Bulimus lacrimosus HEIMB., Nachr. D. Malak. Ges., 1884, p. 92 ;
Jahrb. D. Malak. Ges., xiv, 1887, p. 1, pi. 1, f. 1.

Resembles B. xuccineoides in the corkscrew twisted axis, very
short spire and wide aperture. The coloring and sculpture is like
that of Plekocheilxs floccoxus ; and in form P. pintadinus Orb. (see p.
93) seems similar.

Genus AURIS Spix (p. 95).

The dentition of ^4. egregius is described and figured by Binney
in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1874, pp. 54, 62, pi. 6, f. J. Of A.
glabra and A. multicolor on p. 62.

200 APPENDIX.

Genus BULIMULUS Leach.

P. 135, top line, read " The single species is anatomically unknown,
etc.

Under Geopyrgits, second reference-line, add after "Not Pyrgns
Hiibner, 1816," the reference: Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetter-
linge, p. 109 (Hesperidce).

B. TURKITUS Brod. (p. 135). Another locality is Mina de Chilete,
Valley of the Pacasmayo River, on the rainless western side of
ihe cordillera, in Peru (Stubel. See Conch. Mittheil., p. 163).

Dates of Issue of Volume X.

Part 37, pp. 1-48, plates 2-15, August 20, 1895.
Part 38, pp. 49-96, plates 16-30, November 26, 1895.
Part 39, pp. 97-144, plates 31-40, March 13, 1896.
Part 40, pp. 145-213, plates 41-51, September, 1896.
Title-page, Preface and Contents, pp. i-iv, plate 1, September,
1896.

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

PLATE 1.

FIGURE. pAGE.

1. Strophocheilus popelairianus Nyst. Viaje al Pacif., . . 13

2, 3. Bulimulns lithoicus Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid., . . . 179
4, 5. Bulimulus pruinosus Sowb. Ross, del., 175

6. 7. Bulimulus metamorphus Pils. Ross, del., 157

8. Bulimulus ventanensis Pils. Ross, del., 189

9. Bulimulus juana Cousin. After Cousin, 164

PLATE 2.

1. Strophocheilus popelairianus v. connectens Mts. Novit., 14

2. 3. Strophocheilus globosus Martens. Novit. Conch., v., 37
4-6. Strophocheilus bridgesi Pfr. Ross, del., 35

PLATE 3.

7. Strophocheilus guerini Pfr. C. Icon., 39

8. Plekocheilus corticosus Sowb. Proc. Mai. Soc., .... 76

9. Plekocheilus cathcartioe Rve. C. Icon., 82

10. Strophocheilus popelairianus v. dohrnianus Mts. Novit., 14

PLATE 4.

1. 2. Plekocheilus cathcartise Rve. C. Icon., 82

3. Strophocheilus santacruzii Orb. Novit Conch., .... 16

4. Plekocheilus aristeeus Crosse. Journ. Conch., 88

5. Strophocheilus maximus Sowb. C. Icon., 15

6. 7. Plekocheilus subglandiformis Mouss. Novit. Conch., 80

PLATE 5.

24, 25. Plekocheilus semipictus Hid. Viaje al Pacif., ... 87

26. Strophocheilus rosaceus King. C. Icon., 33

27. Strophocheilus huascari Tschudi. Novit. Conch., ... 16

28. Strophocheilus kremnoicus Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid., . 16

PLATE 6.

29. Strophocheilus rosaceus King. Ross, del., 33

30. Strophocheilus rosaceus King. C. Icon., 33

31. 32. Strophocheilus lacuuosus Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid., 17
33. Strophocheilus granulosus Rang. C. Icon., 20

(201)

202 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. X.

PLATE 7.

1, 2. Plekocheilus pulicarius Rve. Ross, del., 78

3. Plekocheilus pulicarius Rve. C. Icon., 78

4, 5. Strophocheilus mathiusii Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid., . 17
6. Strophocheilus valencienuesi Pfr. Abbild., 21

PLATE 8.

40. Strophocheilus castelnaui (— hupeanus). Castelnau, Ex-

ped i 19

41. Plekocheilus semipictus Hid. Journ. de Conch., .... 87

42. 43. Strophocheilus garciamoreni Mill. Mai. Bl., .... 14

PLATE 9.

44. Strophocheilus leucostoraus Pfr. (=hupeanus). Novit.

Conch., 19

45. Strophocheilus mathiusii Orb. Sheppard, del., 17

46. 47, 48. Strophocheilus lutescens King. Sheppard, del., . 36
49. Strophocheilus popelairianus var. thamraiauus Mts.

Novit., 14

PLATE 10.

51, 52. Strophocheilus durfeldti Dohrn. Novit. Conch., . . 18

53, 54. Strophocheilus intercedens Martens. Novit. Conch., . 23

PLATE 11.

55, 56. Strophocheilus lichensteini Alb. Novit. Conch., . . 32

57, 58. Strophocheilus gummatus Hid. Viaje al Pacif. ... 23

PLATE 12.

59. Strophocheilus lutescens King. C. Icon., 36

60. Strophocheilus ovatus, apical view of young. Ross, del., . 24

61. Strophocheilus ovatus Mull. C. Icon., 24

62. Strophocheilus auritus Sowb. Conch. Illustr., 26

63. 64. Strophocheilus pachychilus Pfr. Ross, del., .... 35

PLATE 13.

65, 66, 67. Strophocheilus crenulatus Pfr. Ross, del., ... 33

68. Strophocheilus grandis Martens. C. Mittheil., 26

PLATE 14.

69. Strophocheilus capillaceus Pfr. Ross, del., 31

70. Strophocheilus oblongus albolabiatus Smith. Ross, del., . 30

REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. X. 203

71. Strophocheilus oblongus Mull. C. Icon., 29

72, 73. Strophocheilus oblongus, egg and young shell. Ross,

del., 29

PLATE 15.

18, 19. Strophocheilus bronnii Pfr. Sheppard, del., .... 28

20. Strophocheilus oblongus v. crassus Alb. Sheppard, del., 30

21, 22. Strophocheilus crenellus Phil. Novit. Conch., ... 34

23. Strophocheilus castelnaui— hupeanus. Novit. Conch., . . 19

•

PLATE 16.

24. Strophocheilus proximusSowb. (=cantagallanus). Conch.

Illustr. 22

25. Strophocheilus huascari Tschudi. C. Icon., 16

26. Strophocheilus auritus Sowb. Sheppard, del., 2U

27. Strophocheilus bronni Pfr. Sheppard del., 28

PLATE 17.

28. 29. Strophocheilus cantagallanus Rang. Sheppard, del., 22
30, 31. Strophocheilus capillaceus v. intertextus Pils. Shep-
pard, del., 32

PLATE 18.

32, 33. Strophocheilus oosomus Pils. Sheppard, del., ... 27

34. Strophocheilus funcki Nyst. C. Icon., 42

35. Strophocheilus adoptus— funcki Nyst. Conch. Icon., . . 43

PLATE 19.

36. Strophocheilus pardalis Fer. Sheppard, del., 39'

37. Strophocheilus pudicus Miill. Sheppard, del., 6

38. Strophocheilus pudicus Mull. C. Icon 6

39. Plekocheilus contortuplicatus Rve. C. Icon., 71

40. Strophocheilus gumiuatus Hid. Sheppard, del., .... 23

PLATE 20.

41. Strophocheilus gumniatus Hid. Sheppard, del., .... 23

42. 43, 44. Strophocheilus stiibeli Martens. C. Mittheil., . . 42

45. Strophocheilus marraoratus Dkr. C. Icon., 40

PLATE 21.

44, 45. Plekocheilus mabillei Crosse. Journ. de Conch., . .

46. Strophocheilus moritzianus Pfr. Sheppard, del., . .

47. Strophocheilus moritzianus Pfr. Sheppard, del., . . . . 38

204 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. X.

48. Strophocheilus morhziauus v. wilsoni Pils. Sheppard, del., 39

49. Strophocheilus ovatus v. chionostoraus Mch. Sheppard,

del., 25

PLATE 22.

50 Strophocheilus planidens Mich. C. Icon., 7

51, 52. Strophocheilus erythrosoma Pils. Sheppard, del., . . 10

53. Strophocheilus rhodocheilus Rve. C. Icon., 8

54, 55. Strophocheilus milled Sowb. C. Icon., 8

56. Strophocheilus unidentatus Sowb. C. Icon., 9

57. Plekocheilus aurissileni Born. Sheppard, del., .... 65

58. Plekocheilus aurissileni, young. Sheppard, del., .... 65

PLATE 23.

59. Strophocheilus venezuelensis Nyst. Bull. Brux., .... 41

60. Strophocheilus veuezuelensis Nyst. Sheppard, del., . . 41

61. Strophocheilus alutaceus Rve. C. Icon., 59

62. Strophocheilus melanocheilus Nyst. Bull. Brux., ... 44

63. Strophocheilus melanocheilus Nyst. Pilsbry, del 44

PLATE 24.

64. 65. Strophocheilus sangose Trosch. Arch. Naturg., ... 45
66, 67. Strophocheilus alutaceus Morel. =tarmensis. Ser.

Conch., 60

68, 69. Strophocheilus tarmensis Phil. Novit., 60

70. Strophocheilus tarmensis Phil. Viaje al Pacif., .... 60

71. Strophocheilus foveolatus Rve. C. Icon., 46

72. 73. Strophocheilus foveolatus Rve. Viaje al Pacif., ... 46

PLATE 25.

74. Strophocheilus magnificus Grat. Actes Bord., 46

75. Strophocheilus magnificus Grat. Conch. Cab., 46

76. 77. Strophocheilus monozonalis Desh. Fer., Hist., ... 47

78. Strophocheilus taunaisii Fer. Sheppard, del.. 48

79. Strophocheilus taunaisii Fer. Conchyl. Cab., 48

50. Strophocheilus ascendens Pfr. Conchyl. Cab., 49

PLATE 26.

81, 83. Strophocheilus hartwegi Pfr. Viaje al Pacif., ... 52

82. Strophocheilus hartwegi Pfr. C. Icon., 52

84. Strophocheilus achille.s Pfr. Sheppard, del., 51

85, 86. Strophocheilus achilles Pfr. Conch. Mittheil., ... 51
87, 88. Strophocheilus achilles v. nehringi Mart. Conch.

.Mittheil., 51

REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. X. 205

89. Strophocheilus consimilisRve.=largillierti Ph. C. Icon., 50

90. Strophocheilus largillierti Phil. Abbild., .... 50

PLATE 27.

91. 92. Strophocheilus thompsoni Pfr. Yiaje al Pacif., ... 53

93. Strophocheilus thompsoni Pfr. C. Icon., 53

94. Strophocheilus requieni Pfr. Conchyl. Cab., . . 55

95. 96. Strophocheilus jelskii Lub. P. Z. S., . 58

97. Strophocheilus yanamensis Morel. Ser. Conch., ... 54

98. Plekocheilus aulacostylus Pfr. Sheppard, del., .... 72

99. Strophocheilus viriatus Morel. Ser. Conch., 54

PLATE 28.

1. Strophocheilus spixii Wagn. Test. Bras., 55

2, 3. Strophocheilus spixii Wagn. (?) Novit. Conch., . . . 56
4, 5. Strophocheilus brephoides Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid., . 57
6, 7, Strophocheilus brephoides var. Novit. Conch , ... 57
8, 9. Strophocheilus tseniolus Nyst. Bull. Brux., 67

10, 11. Strophocheilus inca Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid 50

PLATE 29.

12, 13. Strophocheilus iserni Phil. Novit. Conch., .... 57

14. Strophocheilus iserni Phil. Viaje al Pacif., 57

15, 16. Strophocheilus bifasciatus— bitreniatus Nyst. Abbild., .">*

17. Strophocheilus jaspideus Morel. Ser. Conch., (il

18. Strophocheilus porphyreus Pfr. Sheppard, del 60

19. 20, 21. Strophocheilus porphyreus Pfr. C. Mittlu-il., . . 60

PLATE 30.

22. Strophocheilus salteri Sowb. P. Z. S., 52

23. Strophocheilus capillaceus v. seneri JOUSP. Bull. Soc. Z.

Fr., . 31

24. Strophocheilus tatutor Jouss. Le Nat., 47

25. 26. Plekocheilus guildingi Dohrn. Jahrb. D. M. Ges., . 71

27, 28. Plekocheilus speciosus Pfr. Novit. Conch., 70

29, 30. Plekocheilus guentheri Sowb. P. Z. S., 72

PLATE 31.

29, 30, 31. Plekocheilus blainvilleanus Pfr. Pil-bry. del., . . 67

32. Plekocheilus fulminans v. lintn;i' Sowb. P. /. S C.7

33. Plekocheilus fulminans Nyst. C. Icon., (il!

34. 35. Plekocheilus appuni Dkr. Jahrb. I). M. ( "J«-s.. . r,.s
36, 37. Plekocheilus blainvilleanus v. loveni Pfr. Abbild., . ii7

206 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. X.

PLATE 32.

38. Plekocheilus laraarckianus Pfr. C. Icon., 75

39, 40. Plekocheilus ampullaroides Mouss. Novit. Conch., . 75
41, 42, 43. Plekocheilus coloratus Nyst. Sheppard, del., . . 74

44. Plekocheilus plectostylus Pfr. Abbild., 70

45. Plekocheilus plectostylus Pfr. C. Icon., 70

PLATE 33.

46. Plekocheilus gibboni us Lea. Pilsbry, del., 75

47. 48. Plekocheilus (?) victor Pfr. Novit. Conch., 82

49. Plekocheilus corydon Crosse. Journ. Conch., 80

50,51. Plekocheilus tetensi Dkr. Jahrb. D. M. Ges., . ... 77

52, 53. Plekocheilus cardinalis Pfr. Conchyl. Cab., .... 77

PLATE 34.

54,55, Plekocheilus jucundus Pfr. Novit. Conch., 82

56, 57. Plekocheilus quadricolor Pfr. Abbild., 83

58, 59, 60. Plekocheilus veranyi Pfr. Abbild., 83

61. Plekocheilus veranyi Pfr. Sheppard, del., 83

62. Plekocheilus veranyi Pfr. C. Icon., 83

63. 64. Plekocheilus scytodes Pfr. Conchyl. Cab 84

65, 66. Plekocheilus succinoides Petit. Mag. de Zool 84

67, 68. Plekocheilus latilabrisPfr.=succinoides. Novit. Conch., 85

69, 70. Plekocheilus calliostoma Dohrn. Jahrb. D. M. Ges., . 85

PLATE 35.

69,70. Plekocheilus jimenezi Hid. Viaje al Pacif., 86

71, 72. Plekocheilus elaeodes Pfr. Conchyl. Cab., 86

73. Plekocheilus castaneus Pfr. C. Icon., 85

74, 75. Plekocheilus tricolor Pfr. Conchyl. Cab., .... 87

76. Plekocheilus pseudopiperatus Moric. Rev. et Mag. Zool., 89

PLATE 36.

77. Plekocheilus piperitus Sowb. Sheppard, del., 89

78. Plekocheilus taylorianus Rve. Conchyl. Cab. (for this fig-

ure Miller proposed the name " taylorioides "), .... 90

79 Plekocheilus taylorianus Rve. Sheppard, del., 90

80. Plekocheilus superstriatus Sowb. P. Z. S., 91

81. Plekocheilus superstriatus v. prodeflexus Pils. Pilsbry,

del., " . 91

82. 83. Plekocheilus lynciculus Hupe. Casteln. Exped., . . 94
84, 85. Plekocheilus pintadinus Orb. Voy. Amer. Merit!., . 93

REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. X. 207

PLATE 37.

86, 87. Plekocheilus floccosus Spix. Viaje al Pacif., .... 92

88. Plekocheilus floccosus Spix. Sheppard, del., 92

89, 90, 91. Plekocheilus onca Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid., . . . 93
92, 93, 94. Plekocheilus semperi Dohrn. Jahrb. 1). M. Ges., 94
95, 96. Plekocheilus lugubris Dkr. Jahrb. D. M. Ges., ... 68

PLATE 38.

97. Plekocheilus roseolabrum Smith. P. Z. S., 73

98, 99. Plekocheilus eros Angas. P. Z. S., 74

1,2, 3, 4. Plekocheilus glandiformis Lea. Pilsbry, del., . . 78

5. Plekocheilus aureonitens Mill. Mai. Bl., 91

6. Auris chrysostoma Moric. Pilsbry, del., 103

7. Auris chrysostoma var. swainsoni Pfr. (J. Icon., . . . .104

8. 9. Auris bernardii Pfr. Pilsbry, del., 105

PLATE 39.

10, 11. Auris bilabiata Brod. & Sowb. Sheppard, del., ... 99
12, 13. Auris bilabiata v. melanostoma Moric. Pilsbry, del., . 101

14, 15. Auris egregia Jay. Sheppard, del., 101

16. Auris egregia v. nigrilabris Pils. Sheppard, del., . . . . !'>•_'
17 Auris melastoma Swains. Sheppard, del., 102

18. Auris melastoma v. brachyplax Pils. C. Icon., ... 103

19. Auris illheocola Moric. Fer., Hist., 106

PLATE 40.

20. Auris (Otostomus) signata Spix. C. Icon., 107

21. Auris (Eudolichotis) guairensis Jouss. Mem. Soc. Z. Fr., Ill
22,23. Auris (Eudolichotis) guairensis Jouss. Sheppard, del., Ill
24, 25, 26. Auris (Eudolichotis) distorta Brug. Sheppard,

del., .109

27, 28, 29, 30. Auris (Eudolichotis) distorta v. subkovis Pils.

Sheppard, del., .111

31. Auris (Eudolichotis) distorta v. gracilis Pils. Sheppard,

del., .111

32. Auris (Eudolichotis) distorta Brug. Sheppard, del.. . .110

PLATE 41.

33-37. Auris (Eudolichotis) glabra Grael. Sheppard, del., 113
38, 39. Auris (Eudolichotis) glabra v. grenadensis Pils. Shep-
pard, del., 114

40,41. Auris (Eudolichotis) lacerta Pfr. Sheppard, del., . . 115
42,43,44. Auris (Eudolichotis) aurissciuri Guppy. Shep-
pard, del.,

208 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. X.

45, 46. Auris (Eudolichotis) perdix Pfr. Conchy!. Cab., . . 118

47, Auris (Eudolichotis) perdix Pfr. Sheppard, del., . . .118

48, 49. Auris (Eudolichotis) perdix Pfr. Abbild., 118

PLATE 42.

49, 51. Auris (Eudolichotis) siuuata Alb. Novit. Conch., .116

50, 52, 53, 54. Auris (Eudolichotis) sinuata Alb. Shep-

pard, del., 116

55, 58, 59. Auris (Eudolichotis) euryomphala Jouss. Shep-

pard, del., 116

56, 57. Auris (Eudolichotis) otostorua Pfr. ( = euryom-

phala). Novit. Conch., 117

60. Auris (Eudolichotis euryomphala Jonas. Abbild., . . .116

61. Auris (Eudolichotis) euryomphala Jonas. C. Icon., . . 116

62. 63. Auris (Eudolichotis) dillwyniaua Pfr. Conchyl. Cab., 118

PLATE 43.

64,65. Auris (Eudolichotis) midas Alb. Conchyl. Cab., . . 119
66, 67, 68. Auris (Eudolichotis) midas Alb. Sheppard, del., 119
69, 70. Auris (Eudolichotis) spectrum Alb. Novit. Conch., 119
71, 72. Auris (Gonvostomus) miersii Sowb. Sheppard, del., . 124
73, 74. Auris (Gonyostomus) multicolor Rang. Sheppard,

del., 123

75. Auris (Gonyostomus) hybrida Gld. C. Icon 123

76. Auris (Gonyostomus) goniostoma Fer. C. Icon., .... 122

PLATE 44.

75, 76. Auris (Eudolichotis) hauxwelli Crosse. Journ.

Conch., 120

77. 78. Auris (Eudolichotis) hauxwelli Crosse. Sheppard, . 120
79, 80. Strophocheilus yanamensis Morel., young. Ser.

Conch, . 198

81, 82. Auris (Eudolichotis) distorta v. bisuturalis Pils.

Sheppard, del., 112

83, 84. Bulimulus (Platybostryx) eremothauma Pils. Viaje

al Pacif., ." 129

85, 86. Bulimulus (Platybostryx) eremothauma Pils. Shep-
pard, del., * 129

87, 88. Bulimulus (Ataxus) umbilicaris Sowb. Sheppard,

del., 130

89, !MI. Bulimulus (Ataxus) infundibulum Pfr. Ser. Conch., 131
91,92. Bulimulus (Ataxus) infundibulum Pfr. Condi. Cab., 131
93, 94. Bulimulus (Ataxus) umbilicatellus Pils. Sheppard,

del., 131

95, !>(i. Bulimulus (Ataxus) tubulatus Morel. Ser. Conch., . 132
97, 98. Bulimulus f Ataxus) scalaricosta Morel. Ser. Conch., 132

REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. X. 209

99. Bulimulus (Bostryx) solutus Trosch. 0. Icon., .... 133
1, 2. Bulimuius (Bostryx) solutus Trosch. Arch. Naturg., 133

3. Buliraus (Bostryx) holostoma Pfr. Pilsbry, del., . . . l.'U

PLATE 45.
i

4. Bulimuius (Temesa) clausilioides Rve. C. Icon., . . . .135

5. Bulimuius (Geopyrgus) turritus Brod. C. Icon., . . . .135

6. Bulimuius (Geoceras) columellaris Rve. C. Icon., . . . 136

7. Bulimuius (Geoceras) cuspidatus Morel. Ser. Conch., . .137

8. 8: Bulimuius (Geoceras) veruculum Morel. Ser. Conch., 137

9. 10. Bulimuius (Peronseus) pupiformis Brod. Ross, del., . 138
11,12. Bulimuius (Peronseus) anachoreta Pfr. Novit. Conch., 139
13, 14. Bulimuius (Peronteus) anachoreta Pfr. Atacama

Reise., 139

15, 16, Bulimuius (Peronaeus) lactifluus Pfr. Novit. Conch., 140
17, 18. Bulimuius (Peronseus) atacamensis Pfr. Ross, del., . 140
19, 20. Bulimuius (Peronseus) atacamensis Pfr. Journ. de

Conch., 140

21. Bulimuius (Peronseus) scabiosus Sovvb. C. Icon., . . . 142

22. Bulimuius (Peronseus) nanus Rve. C. Icon., 141

23. 24. Bulimuius (Peronseus) leucostictus Phil. Novit.

Conch., 141

25,26. Bulimuius (Peronseus) bisculptus Pfr. Novit, Conch!, 142

27,28. Bulimulus (Peronseus) emaciatus Morel. Ser. Conch., 1-J.'!

29. Bulimulus (Perouseus) spiculatus Morel. Ser. Conch., . 144

30. Bulimulus (Peronseus) terebralis Pfr. C. Icon 142

31. Bulimulus (Peronseus) acromelas Morel. Ser. Conch., . . 144

32. 33, Bulimuius (Peronseus) tschudii Trosch. Arch. Naturg., 146.

PLATE 46.

34, 35. Bulimulus (Peronseus) lichenorum Orb. Voy. A HUT.

Merid 145

36. Bulimulus (Peronseus) subcactorum Pils. C. Icon., . . . 145

37, 38. Bulimulus (Peronseus) williamsi Pfr. Novit. Conch., 1 Hi
39. Bulimulus (Peronseus) williamsi Pfr. P. Z. S., . . . .146
40,41. Bulimulus (Perbnseus)peliostomus Pfr. Novit. ( 'mich., 147
42, 43, 44. Bulimulus (Peronseus) andoicus Morel. Ser.

Conch., 147

45. Bulimulus (Peronseus) lesueureanus Morel. S'r. ( 'oiidi., . 149

46, 47, 48. Bulimulus (Peronseus) productus Phil. Novit.

Conch., 148

49, 50. Bulimulus (Peronseus) albicolor Morel. Ser. ( Hncli., 148
51. Bulimulus (Peronseus) hamiltoni Reeve. C. Icon., . . . 149
52,53. Bulimulus (Peronseus) elatus Phil. Novit. Conch., . 150

54. Bulimulus (Peronseus) rhodacme Pfr. Ross, del., . . . 152

55, 56, 57. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) orophilus Morel. S.'r.

Couch., 183

14

210 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. X.

58. Buliraulus (Peronseus) pustulosus Brod. Hist. Chile., . . 153

59, 60. Bulimulus (Peronseus) scalaroides Phil. Journ. de

Conch., ... 154

61, 62. Bulimulus (Peronreus) biformis Pfr. Novit. Conch., 151

63. Bulimulus (Lissoacrae) cereicola Morel. Ser. Couch., . .184

PLATE 47.

64. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) styliger Beck. C. Icon., .... 156

65. 66. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) hennahi Gray. Ross, del., . 156
67, 68. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) hennahi Gray, Voy. Amer,

Merid., 156

69. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) striatulus (=modestus). C. Icon., 161

70. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) orbignyi (=modestus). C. Icon., 161
71,72,73. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) scutulatus Brod. Hist.

Chile., 165

74, 75. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) striatus King. Ross, del., . . 179

76. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) guttatus Brod. C. Icon., . . .163

77. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) guttatus Brod. C. Illustr 163

78. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) guttatus Brod. Hist. Chile., . .163

79. 80. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) scalariformis Brod. C. Icon., 169

81. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) scalariformis Brod. Ross, del., . 169

82. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) modestus Brod. C. Icon., . . .161

83. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) sordidus Less. C. Icon., .... 163

84. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) nigropileatus Rve. C. Icon., . . 182

85. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) depstus Rve. C. Icon., 181

86. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) reconditus Rve. C. Icon., . . . 181

87. 88. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) delicatulus Phil. Novit.

Conch., 162

PLATE 48.

89, 90. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) reentsi Phil. Ross, del., . .155

91. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) derelictus Brod. Abbild., . . . 172

92. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) derelictus Brod. C. Icon., . . . 172
93 94, 95, 96. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) umbilicatus Mill. Mai.

Bl., 172

97, 1, 2. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) erythrostomus So\vb. Ross,

del., 173

98, 99. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) albus Sowb. Couchyl. Cab., 174
3. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) huascensis Rve. Ross, del., . . . 174
4,5. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) albicans Brod. Ross, del., . . 175
6, 7. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) rouaulti Hupe. Hist. Chile., . 176
8, 9. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) affinis Brod. Conchyl. Cab., . 177

10. Bulimulus (Lissoacrae) affinis Brod. Ross, del., . . . .177

11, 12, 13. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) mejillonensis Pfr. Atacama

Reise., • 177

14. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) mejillonensis Pfr. Ross, del., . . 177

REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. X. 211

PLATE 49.

15-22. Buliraulus (Lissoacme) virgultorum Morel. Ser.

Conch., 168

23, 24. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) rusticellus Morel. Ser. Conch., 170
25, 26. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) radiatus Morel. Ser. Conch., 182

27. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) conspersus Sowb. Conch. 111,. . 160

28, 29. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) tumidulus Rve. C. Icon., . .168

30. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) coagulatus Rve. C. Icon., . . . 161

31. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) coagulatus Rve. Ross, del., . . 161
32,33. Buliraulus (Lissoacme) stenacmePfr. Novit. Conch., 182

34. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) erosus Brod. C. Icon., 160

35. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) erosus Brod. Conch. Cab., . . . 160

36. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) erosus Brod. Conch. Cab., . . . 160

PLATE 50.

37. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) limensis Rve. C. Icon., . . . .158

38. 39. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) ceroplasta Pils. Ross, del., . 159

40. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) spretus (=raimondianus). Novit., 167

41. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) ulloje Phil. Novit., 167

42. 43. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) limonoicus Orb. Voy. Amer.

Merid., 165

44, 45. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) flagellatus Pils. Ross, del., . 166

46. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) andicola Pfr. C. Icon., .... 166

47. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) laurentii Sowb. C. Icon., . . .164
48-50. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) laurentii Sowb. Ross, del., . 164
51, 52. Plekocheilus lacrimosus Heimb. Jahrb. D. M. Ges.,

53, 54. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) acalles Pfr. Conch. Cab., . . 160

55. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) exornatus Rve. C. Icon., . . .171

56, 57, 58. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) piuranus Alb. Ross, del., 180

59. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) alausiensis Cousin. Bull. Soc. Z.

Fr., 180

60, 61. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) monticola (=deudritoides).

Novit., .186

62. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) balsanus Morel. Ser. Conch., . . 184

63. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) dendritis Morel. Ser. Conch., . .186

64. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) bilineatus Sowb. Ross, del., . . 187

65. 66. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) turritellaOrb.=(turritellatus.)

Voy. Amer. Merid., ... .193

PLATE 51.

1, 2, 3. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) apodemetes Orb. Voy.
Amer. Merid., ....

4. Bulimulus pessulatus (=apodemetes). C. Icon., . .187

5, 6, 7. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) cordillene Strob. Mai. Ar-

gent., 191

212 REFERENCE TO PLATES, VOL. X.

8. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) fayssianus Petit. Journ de

Conch., . ... 192

9, 10, 11. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) munsteri Orb. Voy.

Amer. Merid., 185

12, 13. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) heloicus Orb. Voy. Amer.

Merid., 193

14, 15. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) lithoicus Orb. Voy. Amer.

Merid., 179

16, 17, 18, 19. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) quitensis Rve. Viaje

al Pacif., 158

20, 21, 22. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) steltzneri Dohrn. Novit.

Conch., 190

23. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) culmineus Rve. (=lithoicus). C.

Icon., 179

INDEX TO GENERA, SUBGENERA, ETC., VOL X.

NOTE. — An Index to the species of Bulimoid snails will be given
upon the completion of the monograph ; the present index includes
generic, subgeuerie and sectional groups and their synonyms only ;
the latter being printed in Italic type.

Anthinus Alb., .
Ataxus, Alb.,
AURIS Spix,

Borus Alb.,
Bostryx Trosch.,
BULIMULID.E, .
BULIMULUS Leach,
B a limits Scop., .
Bulinus Sowb., .

Caprella Gldg., .
Co nidus Alb., .

. 96, 121

. 128, 130

. 95

5, 10, 194

. 127, 133

. 62

. 125

. 1, 10
. 2, 10

64

6

Dryptus Alb., . 5, 37, 198

Eudolichotis Pils., . 98, 108
Eurytus Alb., . . 64, 69

Geoceras Pils., . . 128, 136
Geopyrgus Pils., 129, 135, 200
Gonyostomus Beck, . 98, 121

Megalobulimus Mill., . . 194

Orphaicus Schauf., . . J98
Orphnus Alb., ... 43
Orthalicidce, . . .62
Otostomus Beck, 95, 98, 107

Pachyotns Bk., .
Pelecocheilus Alb.,
Pelecycheilm Mts.,
Pelekocheilus Bk.,
Peronseus Alb.,
Platybostryx Pils.,
Plecocheilus Ads.,

. 95

. 64

64, 96

. 64

129, 138

. 129

64

PLEKOCHEILUS Guild., 62, 198
Pleocheilus Gray, . . 64
Pyrgu* Alb., " . . 135, 200

Rhabdotm Auct.,

154

Lissoacme Pils.,

154

Stenostoma Spix, . . 96
STROPHOCHEILUS Spix, 1, 5, 194
Tatutor Jouss., . . .43
Temesa Ads., . 128, 134, 200
Thaumastus Alb., 5, 43, 198
Thaumastus Auct., . .154

(213)

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