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PLATE 1

OLIVID &

Veen by AL

OF

Peo hRO ee LUG YS

STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC.

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SPECIES.

BY GHEORGHE Wy TRYON, dR,

CONSERVATOR OF T:2: CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF Tan ACADEMY oF NATURAL
SCIENCES OF PUiLADELPHIA.

NOONE OVE.
MARGINELLIDA, OLIVIDAZ, COLUMBELLIDA.

PHILADELPHIA:
Published by the Author

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Cor. ISTH & RACE STS.

1883,

R, 734 & 733 SANSOM S

E_lUhwDS

THE three extensive families of mollusks monographed in this
volume of the Manual of Conchology, include several of the
most beautiful of the marine genera. The material upon the
study of which I have based my text is unusually ample, enabling
me to make numerous satisfactory adjustments of the synonymy,
and to illustrate many variations in addition to the typical forms
of the species. It is hoped that the figures will enable naturalists
to identify their specimens with facility and certainty. Excep-
tion has been taken to some of the figures heretofore published
in this work, on the ground that they are uncharacteristic in
drawing and coloring: these illustrations are faithful copies of

‘the original (or typical) figures, such as I almost invariably give,

if published; and they are supplemented, whenever it is possible:
to do so, by better illustrations of the same species.

The next volume of the Manual will be devoted to the im-
portant group of the Toxifera—including Cancellaria, Terebra,
Conus, Pleurotoma. Towards its completion 1 again ask the
kindly aid of authors and collectors, who may possess unfigured
or critical species.

January, 1883. G. Ws oR:

See what a Jovely shell,

Small and pure as a pearl,
Lying close to my foot,

Frail, but a work divine,
Made so fairly well

With delicate spire and whorl.
How exquisitely minute,

A miracle of design!

What is it ?—a learned man

Could give it a clumsy name.

Let him name it who can,

The beauty would be the same.
TENNYSON.

Oh what an endless work have I in hand,
To count the sea’s abundant progeny !
SPENCER.

MANUATLOM CONCEOLOGY..

4 Family MARGINELLID&.

Animal having tentacles arising close together, the eyes on the
lower portion or near the middle of the tentacles; mantle with
expanded '‘side-lobes, covering the back of the shell, as in Cyprea ;
siphon elongate, simple at base; foot large, truncate in front,
produced behind. Operculum usually none.

Shell poreellanous, polished, usually smooth, or with longi-
tudinal ribs; spire short or immersed, body-whorl ample ; aper-
ture nearly the length of the shell, the outer lip usually with
thickened margin, smooth or dentated within, the inner lip with
several distinct plaits on the columella.

Dentition. In possessing rhachidian teeth, without laterals,
the lingual armature of Marginella resembles that of Voluta,
whilst the shape of the plate and its dentated edge are very
similar to that of Mitride; lateral teeth being added, however,
in the latter family. A single species of Erato (the only one
examined), possesses laterals like Trivia in Cypreide, and upon
this ground the genus has been placed in that family by some
systematists (Pl. 2, fig. 7).

The expanded mantle-lobes, covering the shell—which thus
receives a polished surface, and is devoid of epidermis—immedi-
ately suggest relationship with the cowries \ Cyprea), but more
particularly with the Olives and Ancillaria, on the one side;
whilst the presence and position of the columellar plaits, as well
as the form of many of the species, on the other side, approxi-
mates the family to Mitra and Voluta.

Stimpson created a family Cystiscide for a little Marginella-
like shell dredged by him near the Cape of Good Hope. The
animal has an elongated, narrow foot; the head is oblong,

6 MARGINELLID.

depressed, bifurcated in front to form short, triangular, flattened
and horizontal tentacles, and the eyes are at the lateral margins
of the head a little behind the bases of these tentacles ; mentum
as broad as the head, but not extending beyond the tips of the
tentacles. The dentition (PI. 2, fig. 11) is essentially that of
Marginella. Notwithstanding these differences of the animal,
Tagree with Mr. Redfield, who has included Cystiscus Capensis in
his “Catalogue of Marginella.” It is very probable that when more
specimens of the soft parts shall have been examined the result
will be the discovery of many divergences from the structure
of the larger species which have furnished the family diagnosis.
Besides the Cystiscus, other instances of variation from the
normal type of Marginellide have been recently recorded. M.
de Maltzan has collected at Goree, coast of Senegambia, several
specimens of Marginella glabella containing the animal. Some
of these are provided with a well-developed operculum, whilst
others (as diagnosed for the family) have none.* . Messrs. Crosse
and Fischer having examined the lingual dentition of one of
these operculated individuals, were surprised to find it differ
from that of all other Marginelle hitherto known, in possessing
lateral teeth, resembling Buccinum.+ Maltzan has proposed a
new genus, Pseudomarginella, for the operculated shells ; which
he supposes to inhabit rocky shores, whilst the others live on
sand, at 15 to 30 fathoms; although the evidence he presents of
this difference of habit is insufficient. Two Pseudomarginellee
are described, one of which has an unguiculate operculum, that
of the other being lamellar, like Purpura; they both possess a
narrow foot, with a small gland, and in one of them the tentacles
are short and broad, in the other short and round. All these
characters differ much from the broad foot, with large gland and
the long tentacles of the typical Marginella—yet the shells are
indistinguishable from that of the typical MW. glabella.

Messrs. H. and A. Adams, in their ‘“‘ Genera of Recent Mol-
lusea,” include the genus Pachybathron, Gaskoin, in this family,
but its closer relationship with Cassidide is very evident. The

* On the irregularity of development of opercula in Yolutharpa, see this
Manual, vol. iii, p. 198.

+ Jour, de Conch, 3d ser., xx, 375, 1880,

ERATO, r
genus Ringicula, Deshayes, has also been thought to resemble
Marginella in its shell, but this resemblance is a superficial one
only, and recent studies of the animal have confirmed its con-
chological approximation to Actzon.*

Synopsis of Genera.

ERATO, Risso. Shell obovate, polished; spire short, conical, distinct ;
aperture linear; outer lip withont varix, but thickened towards the
middle, denticulate within ; columella with distinct plaits at the fore-
part. Dentition,+ Pl. 2, fig. 7.

Subgenus Eratopsis, Hoernes and Auinger. Shell granular-tuberculate,
with a longitudinal sulcus on the back of the body-whorl as in J7rivia.
MARGINELLA, Lamarck. Shell ovately oblong to subcylindrical.
smooth, polished, sometimes longitudinally ribbed ; spire short, conical
or concealed ; aperture narrow, elongated, obtuse or truncated in front ;
columella p icate; outer lip with a thick marginal varix, its inner

margin smooth or crenulated. Dentition, Pl. 2, figs. 8, 10.

Subgenus Votvarra, Lam. Shell subcylindrical, spire very short or
concealed ; outer lip of aperture without varix or thickening. Dentition,
Plo2, fig."9..

The type of Volvaria is V. bulloides, Lam., an eocene fossil of France
and Belgium (Plate 3, fig. 28).

Genus ERATC, Risso.

The few recent species comprised in this group, were approx-
imated to Cyprea, Voluta, Columbella and Marginella by
ancient authors; and in proposing their new genus Hratopsis,
Messrs. Hernes and Auinger remark upon the close resemblance
of its species to the Trivia, or mere properly Pustularia group
of Cypreide. The only animal of the genus that has been
figured is that of the European species H. levis (Pl. 4, fig. 40) ;

* Fischer, Jour. de Conch., 3d ser., xviii, 118; Watson, Ibid., 312.

tI figure the dentition of Hrato callosa, Ad. and Reeve, the only
species which has been examined. It is entirely unlike the normal type
of Marginella, and approximates closely to that of Cyprea. A form of
Marginella glabella has, however, been recently discovered to possess
lateral teeth (ante p. 6. Troschel has made serious mistakes in the identi-
fication of species of which he gives the dentition, and it is possible that
this is another. It will, [think, be necessary to have more evidence before
allowing the position of Hrato to be determined by the dentition. Con-
chologically it is certainly closely allied to 77rzvia in the Cyprzide

8 ERATO.

it is very like Cyprea in external appearance, even to the fila-
mentous processes of the mantle-lobes, and it is evident that the
growth of these processes has caused an inequality in the applied
surface of the lobes, sometimes forming pustules on the shell in
Eratopsis, in precisely the same manner as in the Pustularia
group of Cyprea. Reeve remarks in the introduction of the
“Monograph of Erato” (Conchologia Iconica), that in Hrato,
unlike Marginella, the columella is not plaited from an early
stage of growth, but that the denticulations are added at
maturity ; in other words, they are denticulations and not true
plaits. If this were so,it would be another character in common
with Cyprea, but my observation leads me to the conclusion
that it is not entirely true. I find the plaits on the columella
in young specimens of several species, but in addition, there is
developed on the inner lip,in the adults only,a series of dentic-
ulations like Cyprea, and at the same period changes sometimes
occur in the appearance of the plaits caused by the deposition
of calcareous matter upon and between them, so that these come
to resemble the denticulations situated above them. Undoubtedly
Erato, through Hratopsis, conchologically connects Marginella
with the 7'rivia group of Cyprea; the balance of characters
seems to indicate a rather closer relationship, on the whole, with
Marginella; but if future investigations shall show that the
species of Hrato really possess the dentition assigned to the
group, then it would perhaps be better to remove it to the
Triviine.

Erato occurs fossilized in the miocene and pliocene deposits
of Europe and America, and a single species has been reported
from the eocene of Texas: species have been recently charac-
terized from the eocene and miocene of South Australia and
Tasmania,

Typical or Smooth Species.

E, LACHRYMA, Gray. PI. 4, figs. 32, 37.

Whitish, the lip faintly roseate, usually obscurely three-banded
with rose-color. Length, 5 mill.
Japan (Dr, Siebold); Australia (Gray).
LE. sulcifera, Reeve, non Gray (fig. 37), may be synonymous.

©

ERATO.

K. guttunta, Sowb. PI. 4, figs. 33, 34.
Rosy white or ash-color, obscurely fasciate; narrower and

more pyriform than #. lachryma. Length, 5 mill.
Mauritius.
Dr. Weinkauff considers this a Marginella.

E. SANDWICcENSIS, Pease. PI. 4, fig. 35.

Pale rosy white, two-banded; narrower and thinner than £.
guttula, the bands distinct, the lip narrower and not so elevated.

Length, 4 mill.
Sandwich Isles.

KE. PetLucipa, Reeve. PI. 4, fig. 36.

Pyriformly globose, transparent white, shining; whorls slop-
ingly angled round the upper part; aperture narrow, lip swollen,

varicose. Length, 3 mill.
Bombay.

Is probably a young shell, and may — H. Sandwicensis.
K. cantosa, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 4, figs. 38, 39; Pl. 2, fig. 7.

Yellowish or rosy white; whorls swollen around the upper
part; aperture-margin thick, running up the spire.
Length, 7 mill.
China Sea ; Japan (Lischke).
E. t&vis, Donovan. PI. 4, figs. 40, 41.
} p] fo y]

Whitish, or tinged with yellow or roseate ; more angular and
not so thick as Z#. callosa, and the outer lip is not so elevated or
angular above. Length, 8 mill.

Great Britain, sandy ground from 12 to 85 fathoms.
Mediterranean, on coral and madrepore, 8 to 55 fms.

Plentiful in the European tertiaries.

Jeffreys cites a var. oblonga, pure white, more elongated, and
compressed in front. The animal, says this author, is very
lively and active, a great beauty, and by no means bashful.
When on the march it carries the branchial tube in an upturned
position. One pair, having crawled out of the water in a glass

jar, coupled for seven or eight hours.
E. MauGeria, Gray. Pl. 4, figs. 42, 43.
Gray or livid, polished; smaller, wider and more angular

above than #. levis. Length, 5-6 mill.
West Indies ; foss 1 in the tertiary of Hngland.

10 ERATO.

E. Cypreoides, C. B. Adams, an unfigured species, is prob-
ably identical.

K. ANGISTOMA, Sowb. PI. 4, fig. 44.-
Swollen, smooth, brownish white. Length, 4 mill.
East Indies (Reeve); Philippines (Cuming).
The posterior elevation of the outer lip forming an angle at
its extremity nearly as high as the spire, is a distinguishing
feature of this little species.

HK. minuta, Reeve. Pl. 4, fig. 45.
Subglobose, transparent, glassy, white. Length, 1°5 mill.
Philippines.
Dr. Weinkauff thinks it may be the young of the preceding
species.
KE. GALLINACEA, Hinds. PI. 4, fig. 46.

Pyriform, callous and angulated posteriorly, produced and
beaked anteriorly ; lip stoutly swollen, conspicuously produced
and sinuate at its posterior extremity ; white or brownish yellow,
sometimes with a superior, irregular band. Length, 6 mill.

Philippines ; New Guinea ; Torres Sts., Australia.

Named from its fancied resemblance to a trussed hen.

EK. ANGULIFERA, Sowb. PI. 4, fig. 47.
' Shorter, wider, more obtuse than LH. gallinacea; mouth

straight and linear, outer lip very broad and thick, its posterior
elevation less pointed than in gallinacea. Length, 2 mill.
Borneo.
E. COLUMBELLA, Menke. PI. 4, fig. 48.
Broadly pyriform, lip elevated behind above the spire; yel-

lowish red or roseate. Length, 7°5 mill.
Mazatlan to Santa Barbara, Cal.

£. marginata, Morch, found at 100 fathoms at Bocorones L.,
near Panama, is probably a synonym; and I suppose that the
shell described by Carpenter as #. Maugeriz var. Panamensis is
its exact equivalent. Neither of these species has been figured.

KE. VITELLINA, Hinds. PI. 4, fig. 49.
Obesely ovate, aperture rather wide; dark red, lighter on the
thickened lip-margin. Length, 12 mill.
Acapuleo to Southern California.
The largest species of the genus.

ERATOPSIS. It
Subgenus Eratopsis, Ucernes and Auinger.

This group, founded for fossils of the Austrian tertiary, will
include several recent species. The first and largest species
which I refer to it, is also the most doubtful one, for of the
many specimens of LH. scabriuscula before me, nearly all are
smooth and polished, without a trace of a sulcus; yet others
correspond with the figured examples in the various monographs
in having it.

KE. scaBRiuscuLa, Gray. PI. 4, fig. 56.

Oval, rather narrow, with elevated spire; ash-pink; surface
smooth and polished, or minutely granulate, with or without an
obscure dorsal sulcus. Length, 10 mill.

W. Coast Central America to Mazatlan.
K. SULCIFERA, Gray. PI. 4, fig. 51.

An obscure species, strikingly like the preceding, and said by
Gray to come from Cape of Good Hope. Reeve has figured for
it aspecimen of HL. lachryma, Gray, and gives Philippines as
locality, whilst the figure in Sowerby’s Thesaurus represents an
entirely different form, said to occur at Panama.

H. copruGcata, Hinds. PI. 4, fig. 52.

Minute, white, very finely granulated, sulcus distinct.

Length, 4 mill.
Philippines, 8 fathoms, sandy mud (Cuming) ;
Port Jackson, Australia (Angas).
E. nAnA, Duclos. PI. 4, fig. 53.

Like EL. corrugata, but narrower, with finer granulations.

Length, 4 mill.
Red Sea (McAndrew) ; Paumotus (Pease).

KE. ScCHMELTZIANA, Crosse. PI. 4, figs. 54, 55.

Narrower than £. nana; tinged with ash or rose, base of

aperture red-tipped. Length, 3°5 mill.
Viti Islands.

Undetermined and Spurious Species.

E. ventricosa, Gray. Not figured nor recognized.

E. PELLUcIDA, Tenison-Woods. = Marginella.

Reeve has preoccupied the specific name in Hrato. /

tw MARGINELLA.

E. BIMACULATA, Tate. South Australia.

Pale primrose-yellow to yellowish white, with rufous-red
around the extremity of the anterior canal and on the callous
border of the hinder part of the aperture. Closely resembles
E. angulifera, Reeve; but differs in color and in having a less
angular and inflated body-whorl. Unfigured.

K. nacrea, Hutton (— Marginella formicula, Lam.). New Zealand.
E. Prayensis, Rochbrune. Cape Verd Islands.
Shell triangular, narrow in front, very thick, with obtuse spire;
aperture narrow; lip reflected, very finely denticulated; col-
umella straight, sinuous in front; color greenish. Length, 5 mill.
The figure of this species arrived too late for insertion in my
plates.

G nus MARGINELLA, Lamarck.

The Marginellas are tropical and subtropical in distribution,
alarge proportion of the species inhabiting the Caribbean, West
African and Indo-Pacific provinces. A species occurs doubt-
fully in the cretaceous ; but in the eocene formation the genus is
well represented, and from that and subsequent formations at
least seventy-five fossil species have been characterized ; from
the United States, Europe and Australia.

A number of monographs and catalogues of the species have
been published in recent times ; the most important are :—

KiENER. Coquilles vivantes, 1834. A monograph including 56
species, with colored figures.
SowersBy. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, i, 1846. Contains descrip-

tions and figures of 108 species.

PETIT DE LA SAussaAyYE. Journal de Conchyliologie, ii, 1851. A
list of 146 species, systematically arranged.

H. anp A. ADAMS. Genera of Recent Mollusca, i, 190, 1853.
The species are divided among a number of subgenera, under
which they are alphabetically enumerated, numbering 159.

Reeve. Conchologia Iconica, xv, 1865. Descriptions and
figures of 159 species.

MARGINELLA. ite

Joun H. Reprietp. Catalogue and synonymy of Marginellide.
American Journal of Conchology, vi, 1870. The species are
alphabetically arranged, with the synonymy and bibliography
fully indicated. 211 valid species are enumerated. This may
be considered the first catalogue constructed from the modern
scientific standpoint. It is prepared with evident care and
thoroughness, and is the result of many years’ study of these
interesting shells. The two monographies which have since
appeared, were both written in ignorance of Mr. Redfield’s
labors ; a circumstance which has greatly impaired their value,
besides causing some additional synonyms.

JOUSSEAUME. Monograph; in Guerin’s Revue et Magasin de
Zoologie, 1875. 269 species are shortly characterized and
arranged under subgenera. There are no illustrations, except
of new species.

H. C. Wernxaurr. In the Systematisches Conchilien-Cabinet
of Kuster, 1878. 229 species are described and carefully
figured; many of the species described as new by Dr. Jous-
seaume being relegated to the synonymy.

The present monograph admits as valid 230 recent species,
some of which, however, being unfigured, cannot be satisfactorily -
determined. So far as localities are known, they have the fol-
lowing distribution :

Caribbean, 60 species; Mediterranean, 5; West African, 45_
South African, 11; Indo-Pacific, 38; Australo-Zealandic, 34;
Polynesian, 10; Californian and Panamie, 14.

Systematists commenced at an early date to divide up the
Marginellas into genera and subgenera. Lamarck, in 1801,
established Volvaria for a fossil species of cylindrical form, with
sharp outer lip; subsequently, he included recent species of
similar form, but in which the outer lip is slightly thickened.
For these, Schumacher, in 1817, proposed Hyalina. Finally
H. and A. Adams adopt Volvaria as a generic term, including
one recent species, V. pallida, and for the cylindrical Marginellas
with thickened lip they use the subgeneric name Volvarina,
Hinds.

Besides Hyalina, Schumacher separated under the name of

14 MARGINELLA.

Persicula, those volutiform species having a depressed or sunken
spire.

Swainson, in 1840, founded a classification upon slight differ-
ences in the form of the species; extremely unsatisfactory because
the change of form in the series is gradual. His genera are
Volutella, Persicula, Gibberula and Glabella.

In 1844, Hinds divided the species into two groups: Pheno-
spira, with elevated spire ; Cryptospira, with hidden spire. The
first corresponds with Marginella as restricted by Schumacher,
the second with that author’s Persicula. H. and A. Adams,
however, have adopted Cryptospira as a subgenus of Marginella,
with nearly obsolete spire, and last whorl gibbous posteriorly ;
following it, they place the genus Persicula, with depressed
spire.

Petit, in 1851, divided Margzinella into three sections :

1. With spire more or less elevated.

2. With spire depressed or hidden, sometimes umbilicated.

3. Columbelliform species, connecting with the genus Hrato.

Gray, in 1857, admitted three genera: 1. Porcellana (= Mar-
ginella) ; 2. Closia, for M. sarda,and not differing essentially
from 3, Persicula.

Messrs. H. and A. Adams, in their “‘ Genera of Recent Mol-
lusca,” admit three genera :

Marginella, with the subgenera Glabella, Prunum, Volutella,
and Cryptospira.

Persicula, with the subgenus Gibberula.

Volvaria, with the subgenus Volvarina.

J. H. Redfield, in 1870, writes:—‘ As to the numerous
subgenera which have been proposed for species of this genus,
they seem to me to be neither useful nor well grounded. In a
series of two or three hundred species it is easy to select a few
salient forms for subgeneric types, but much less easy to allot
all the intermediate species to their proper places under such
types. All the proposed subgenera are founded on the greater
or less prominence of the spiré, and on the degree of the
thickening or reflection of the outer lip. <A very slight difference
of the plane of development is all that is involved in the former
character, and all students of the great family Helicidze under-
stand well how little generic value attaches to either character.

MARGINELLA. 15

An evidence of the invalidity of these distinctions is furnished
in the inconsistencies of the catalogues in which they have been
employed. The lingual dentition, when fully studied in a
sufficient number of species, may yet guide us to proper groups ;
but even of this I am less hopeful than formerly.” Mr. Redfield
adopts Volvaria, Lamarck ; but for fossil species only.
Jousseaume, in 1875, made thirteen generic divisions of the
Lamarckian genus, viz.: Marginella, Hgouena, Volvarina, —
Serrata, Cryptospira, Gibberula, Granula, Bullata, Closia,
Persicula, Volvaria, Balanetta, Canalispira. Weinkauff, in
1878, found that the distribution of species into the above
groups as made by Jousseaume was very unfortunate. In his
own monograph he has not attempted any grouping according
to the relationships of the species, but has presented them
almost at haphazard; nevertheless in an Appendix he also
proposes a classification. He thinks that the presence of a basal
sinus in the aperture-margin, in many of the species, affords a
good character, and accordingly presents the following scheme :

Division 1. Species with basal sinus.

Section 1. True Marginellas.
(iroup a. (Marginella, H. & A Ad.). M. glabella, V.inn.
‘* b. (Glabella, H.& A. Ad.). M. faba, L. M. muscaria, Lam.
‘* ce. (Hratoidea, Weink. — Marginella and Egouena, Jouss.
partim). :
gw, With crenated lip. M. margarita, Kiener.
%. With smooth lip. M. australis, Hinds.
y. (= Serrata, Jouss. ex parte). M. serrata, Gask.
Section 2. (Persicula, Gray).
Group a. (Bullata partim, Jouss.). MZ. cornea, Lam., M. clandestina,
Broce., WZ. ovulum, Sowb.
“ pb. (Persicula, Auct:). M. persicula, L. M. interrupta, Lam.,
M. chrysomelina, Redf.
“ 6. (Gibberula). M. miliaria, Linn.
8. (Granula, Jouss.). M. minuta, Pfr.
Section 8. Species with more or less apparent basal sinus, connecting the
first and second divisions.
Group a. | Closia, Gray). MM. Largillierti, Kiener, M. sarda, Ky.
“ pb. (Cryptospira, Adams, Jouss. ex parte). MW. quinqueplicata,
Lam. WM, elegans, Gmel.
“ ¢. ( Volutella, H, and A, Adams, Bullata partim, Jouss.). MY.
bullata, Born, M. dactylus, Lam.

16 MARGINELLA.

Division Ul. Species without basal sinus.
Section 1. (Prunum, Adams, Egouena, Jouss. for most part).
Group a. (Labiate). M. labiata, Kiener, M. oblonga, Swn.
‘¢ bp. (Guttate). M. guttata, Dillw. M. apicina, Mke.
“ ¢@. (Marginate). M. marginata, Born, M. prunum, Gmel.
Section 2.
Group a. ( Volvuaria, H. and A. Ad.). M. pallida, Linn.
“ pb. (Canalispira, Jouss.'. M. Olivelleformis, Jouss.

Section 3. (Volvarina, H. and A. Ad., and Ballanetta, Jouss.). W.
triticea, Lam., M. zonata, Kiener, MW. cylindrica, Sowb.

Weinkauff,in 1880, published an excellent synonymic catalogue
of the genus, in the Jahrbticher der Deutsch. Mal. Gesell. ;
arranged as above.

In addition to the names enumerated above, Mr. T. A. Conrad
has proposed three fossil groups, neither of which he has char-
acterized.

Porcellanella. Type P. bella. Miocene. The species was
not described until 1868, six years after the name was cited in
connection with Porcellanella, and then it was placed under
Prunum, so that Conrad abandoned this group.

Microspira, Conrad. Proposed as a subgenus of Volufella,
Swainson, the type being JZ. oviformis, a miocene species, pre-
senting no generic characters to distinguish it from numerous
recent Marginellas. (J. oviformis, Conrad. Manual, vol. iv,
t. 3, f. 42.)

Bulliopsis, Conrad. Type, B. cretacea, Conr. (PI. 3, fig. 29).

The only objection to Weinkauff’s arrangement of the species
is that the basal sinus is more or less apparent in the species, so
that they form no sharply defined groups: on the other hand
he has the advantage over Jousseaume, Adams, etc., in clearly
recognizing their artificial nature and subordinate value, by using
the terms division, section and group instead of genus and sub-
genus. The number of species in the genus is so large that it is
convenient to group them as nearly as possible in accordance
with characters which appear to be common to several of the
forms, and for this purpose I shall use some of the systematic
terms heretofore proposed, assigning to them no value, however,
except that of mere convenience.

MARGINELLA. 17
Typical. Group of M. glabella.

M. @uaBeia, Linn.. PI. 5, figs. 57, 58.
Polished, reddish or reddish brown, darker at the suture, with

irrecular flecks of opaque white; lip yellowish brown.
Length, 15-2 inches.
West Coast of Africa; Canary Islands.
Fossil in the upper tertiary of Italy. One of the most bean-
tiful species of Marginella; occasionally the shell occurs
reversed. With this species are to be united Pseudomarginella
platypus and leptopus, Carriere (ante p. 6).

M:" Poucuerr, Petit. Pl. 5; fig. 59.

Color varying from that of MZ. glabella to chestnut-brown,
without the white flecks; as in that species, there are obscure
indications of two bands of darker color. Length, 1 inch.

Senegal.
Possibly only a variety of WZ. glabella.

M. rrrorata, Menke. PI. 5, fig. 60.

Pink or yellowish, closely marked by zig-zag lines of minute
white spots. Length, °75-1 inch.

West Africa.

This also is possibly only a variety of I. glabella, but is
smaller, less ventricose, the spire more drawn out, the spots
much more numerous and closer, almost forming lines of zig-zag
longitudinal direction.

M. taBraTaA, Val. PI. 5, fig. 61.
Rosy white, sometimes very faintly banded; lip-margin ex-
teriorly orange. Length, 1-1-2 inches.
Campeachy, Yucatan, Brazil.

M. pyrutata, Redfield. PI. 5, fig. 69.

Like M. labiata, but more elongated, spire more produced.
Length, 1*1 inches.
Habitat unknown.

Described by Sowerby as M. obesa,a name preoccupied by
Redfield, who changed it as above. The species has not been
identified with any living Marginella, since it was described,
and I agree with Mr. Redfield that it is possibly a fossil form.

3

18 MARGINELEA.

M. GoopaLLu, Sowb. Pl. 5, fig. 62.

Very ventricose, obtusely angulated behind ; yellowish brown,

with a few large, rounded, whitish spots. Length, 1 inch.
Senegal.
M. aurantiA, Lam. PI. 5, fig. 63.

Orange-red, darker at the sutures, where it is painted with
short white streaks; surface irregularly mottled with white,
often forming an interrupted: band of very irregular large white
spots in the middle. Length, -8—"9 inch.

W. Africa, and Cape Verd Is.

Narrower than M. irrorata, yet in one specimen before me the
zig-zag painting of that species is partially repeated.

M. pyrum, Gmelin. PI. 5, figs. 70, 71.

Body-whorl with an obtuse shoulder; white, irregularly marked
with gray or pink blotches, which are longitudinally shaded on
one side by chestnut or chocolate color; outer margin of lip
marked by a series of brown dots. Length, 1:25—-1°5 inches.

Senegal.

M. intermedia, Sowb. (fig. 71), is probably a white or bleached
specimen of this species; it is probably Kiener’s var. alba of
nubeculata—the name by which Lamarck designated MZ. pyrum.
M. mosaica, Sowb. PI. 5, fig. 72.

Shell white, with faint zig-zag longitudinal stripes of gray,
over which are about nine revolving series of short square spots.

Length, 1 inch.

West Africa.

Very closely allied to M. pyrum, and may be only a variety
of it, differing in the spots added to the painting of that species.

M. rosEA, Lam. PI. 5, figs. 73, 74, 75.

Smaller than JZ. pyrum, the shoulder obscure; sometimes
similarly painted, but the spots and shading smaller and more
numerous; occasionally the ground color is grayish pink, upon
which the spots are white, with chocolate shadings; spire and
shoulder frequently darker in color; lip-margin marked outside e
with a series of brown spots. Length, -9—1:1 inches.

Cape of Good Hope.

A critical species; perhaps only a small var. of the preceding.

Iam unable to to separate M. piperata, Hinds (fig. 74), from it.

GLABELLA. 19

M. albocincta, Sowb. (fig. 75), described from a single specimen
in the Taylor collection, is also a synonym.

Reeve says of it: “I have no good opinion of this species.
It appears to be a variety of IZ. piperata, in which a white band
is formed by an accidental absence of coloring matter.” Another
synonym is probably the unfigured JZ. lineato-labrum, Gaskoin.

M. Fuuminata, Kiener. PI. 5, fig. 78.
Whitish, with brown, zig-zag longitudinal painting.

Length, °75 inch.
Bahia, Brazil.

I have not seen a specimen of this species.
Me Pent, Duval. -Pl..5, figs. 16,, tT.
White, longitudinally blotched and reticulated with orange-

red or lilac, and numerously speckled with minute brown dots;

body-whorl very obscurely shouldered. Length, 1—-1:25 inches.
Senegal ; Cape of Good Hope.
M. Newcombii, Reeve (fig. 77), appears to be synonymous; it
is said on Cuming’s authority to come from L’Agulhas Bank,
Cape of Good Hope.

M. HELMATINA, Rang. PI. 5, figs. 79, 80.
White, very minutely, irregularly speckled with light reddish
brown, with two narrow bands of chestnut spots. :

Length, "7-1-4 inches.
West Africa.

Narrower and less shouldered than the preceding species. M7.
Cumingiana, Petit (fig. 80), is merely a larger, finer shell of
similar form and painting.

Section Glabella, Swainson.

Volutiform ; spire more or less conic, well developed, usually
longitudinally plaited about the shoulder of the body-whorl ;
pillar with distinct basal plaits; lip thick, toothed or crenate,
rarely smooth within.

M. Birascrata, Lam. PI. 6, figs. 81, 82.
White, more or less clouded with light brown or purple-gray,
covered with small, close dots, usually in revolving series.

Length, -9-1-25 inches.
Cape Blanco to Gambia, W. Africa.

20 GLABELLA.

The light-colored varieties (fig. 82) have been called J. are-
naria by Morch.

M. ostusa, Sowb. PI. 6, figs. 83, 84.

Shell wide, with short conical spire ; nearly the entire surface
covered with longitudinal obtuse ribs; white with revolving
series of light chestnut spots and broader bands of the same
color upon the shoulder and near the anterior extremity ; lip
thickly spotted. Length, -75-1°3 inches.

Habitat unknown, probably W. Africa.

The long ribs, rather a peculiar feature in the genus, are not
shown in Sowerby’s figure, although indicated in his description.
M. mirabilis, Barclay (fig. 84), is a finely grown specimen.

M. Apansonl, Kiener. PI. 6, figs. 85, 86.
Light yellowish or orange-brown, with zig-zag longitudinal
shadings, and irregular longitudinal narrow dark brown lines.

Length, °9-1°25 inches.
Senegal and Gambia, West Africa.

M. Bellii, Sowb. (fig. 86), described from a single specimen,
and remaining unique, is probably a dwarfed individual of this
species.

M. Davistana, Marrat.

Shell like I. Bellii, Sowb., but much smaller, thicker, narrower,
and lighter-colored, longitudinal lines distant; lip crenulated

within, thickened without, columella four-plicate.
West Africa.
Unfigured.

M. nopata, Hinds. PI. 6, fig. 87.

Yellowish brown or grayish, with undulated, thin, dark choco-
late longitudinal stripes, studded at intervals by spots forming
revolving series. No ribs. Length, | inch.

Cape Blanco, W. Africa ; in sand at 12-15 fathoms.

Closely allied to the following species and only distinguished
from it by the spots.

M. Crizeyi, Petit. Pl. 6, fig. 88.

Shell smooth ; light yellowish or white, with faint gray bands,
and longitudinal, undulated chocolate stripes. Length, -9 inch.
West Africa.

GLABELLA. 21

M. uimBata, Lam. PI. 6, fig. 89.

Pale fawn-color, with undulating longitudinal pink lines; not
ribbed; outer margin of lip marked by groups of transverse
chocolate-colored spots. Length, -9—1:1 inches.

W. Africa.

Crosse describes a variety with more numerous pink lines, and
another in which they are less numerous and more zig-zag in
direction.

M. titurAtTA, Menke.

An unfigured species, less ovate than JM. limbata, with the
angulated longitudinal lines broken up into spots.
Length, ‘75 inch.
‘ Australia.
M. ognaTA, Redfield. PI. 6, fig. 90.
Smooth; rose or gray, with lighter bands, upon which are
chocolate lines and spots ; outer margin of lip also spotted.
W. Africa.
Described by Reeve as WM. vittatu, a name preoccupied by
Edwards for a fossil species. Redfield changed the name in
1870 for M. ornata; subsequently Jousseaume, ignorant of
Redfield’s catalogue, called it A. serpentina.

Merapa Tinn. -PEL6 tig. 91.

Shell grayish buff, with seven to nine revolving series of distant
chestnut or chocolate spots ; shoulder ribbed.
Length, -8—1'1 inches,
Senegambia.
M. levilabris, Jousseaume (unfigured), is probably synony-
mous with this species.

M. psEUDOFABA, Sowb. PI. 6, fig. 92.

Larger, with more angulated shoulder and more prominent
cost than M. faba, which it resembles in coloring; it has a
turriculated spire, and is narrow in front, resembling a Strombus
in shape. Length, 1:5 inches.

Gambia, West Africa.
M. SPLENDENS, Reeve. PI. 6, fig. 93.

Closely longitudinally ridged; light yellowish brown, with
three revolving series of curved chestnut spots, and numerous
minute dots. Length, ‘8—*9 inch.

West Africa.

yop) GLABELLA.

Petit changed the name of this species to M. Reeveana, because
splendens had been previously used by Grateloup for a fossil
species; but as that shell proved to be synonymous with 7.
eburnea, Lam., a still earlier name, I restore splendens.

M. GuILuAInI, Petit. Pl. 6, fig. 94.
Longitudinally plicate ; light violaceous, with revolving series
of square brown spots. Length, 18 mill.
Abd-el Goury, near Red Sea.

M. musica, Hinds. PI. 6, fig. 95.
Yellowish or light gray, with a few narrow revolving brown
bands, between which are undulated grayish markings.

Length, ‘75 inch.
Cape Blanco, W. Africa; 12 to 15 fathoms.

M. Tyermani, Marrat, an unfigured species, appears from the
description to be closely allied to, if not identical with I. musica.

M. prapocuus, Ad. and Reeve. PI. 6, figs, 96, 97.
Pale ash-color, tinged with orange, with black revolving lines.

Length, 1 inch.
Straits of Sunda (Ad. and Reeve) ; W. Africa (Marrat).
Spire more elevated than in J. musica.

M. Brtcuert, Hinds. PI. 6, figs. 98, 99.

Yellowish brown, delicately penciled throughout, but espec-
ially in the middle, with longitudinal brown markings, forming
revolving bands. Length, ‘8 inch.

Cape Blanco, W. Africa ; 12 to 15 fathoms.

The spire is more elevated than in J/. musica, and the pattern
of painting is different ; yet the two are very closely allied.

M. vExiutvM, Redfield. Pl. 6, fig. 100.

Yellowish, with broad and narrow purple-chestnut revolving
bands ; lip-margin spotted with chestnut. Length, -75 inch.
Cape Palmas, W. Africa.

M. Harp#rormis, Beck. PI. 6, fig 1.
Fulvous white, sometimes faintly banded with ash, with rows

of minute brown dots, and occasionally interrupted superior and

inferior brown bands. Length, “7-8 inch.
Senegal, W. Africa.

we

GLABELLA. Qi

M. ForMIcuULA, Lam. PI. 6, figs. 2, 3.

Yellowish white, tops of ribs and lip-margin ivory-white.

Length, ‘5-6 inch.

So. Australia, Tasmania.

M. muscaria, Lam. (fig. 3), is somewhat larger, the lip thicker,
the inner lip callous and the spire and back of the shell also
callously thickened, so that the ribs become obsolete or hidden,
but the series before me affords indubitable evidence that it is
merely a heavy, older state of M. formicula. Erato lactea,
Hutton, is identical.

M. TuRBINATA, Sowb. PI. 7, figs. 4, 5.

Yellowish white, slightly plicate on the shoulder of the body-
whorl, plicee sometimes obsolete. Length, -35—'4 inch.
Port Jackson, Australia.
M. Volutiformis, Reeve (fig. 5 , is a smooth variation of this
species, apparently.

M. Cyproipes, Tenison-Woods.

White, smooth, spire hidden by the produced and thickened
outer lip. Length, 6 mill.
Tasmania.
Smaller than J. Volutiformis, and destitute of plaits on the
shoulder. Unfigured. I have not seen this species, and there-
fore cannot place it with confidence. The name was used long
since by Anton for a shell which has never been identitied.

M. Tasmanica, Tenison-Woods. PI. 7, fig. 6.

Translucent, milk-white, suture callous, Length, 9-10 mill.
Tasmania.
Is longer and narrower than M. tw binata, with a much more
elevated spire, and no trace of ribs,

M. opatina, Stearns. PI. 7, fig. 7.

Smooth, polished, light or dark amber-colored, sometimes
obscurely darker banded ; lip-margin internally crenated, strongly
notched above. Length, 3°5—4 mill.

Tampa Bay, Florida.

Found on the under side of bunches of oyster-shells, near
low-water mark.

24 GLABELLA.

M. avreocrneta, Stearns. Pl. 7, fig. 8.

Smooth, sutures enameled, spire acutely elevated ; white, with
two amber-colored bands. Length, ‘16 inch.
Long Key, W. Coast of Florida.
Figured from the unique specimen kindly loaned to me by Mr.

Stearns.

M..pEForMis, Nevill. PI. 7, fig. 9.
White, with two spiral chestnut bands. Length, 4°5 mill.
Ceylon.
Resembles J. picturata, Nevill, from Mauritius in form, but
differs in coloring.

M. NEviILLI, Jousseaume. PI. 7, fies. 15, 16.
White, smooth, shining. Length, 4 mill.
Is. of Bourbon ; Mauritius.
The name adopted is substituted by Jousseaume for I. incon-
spicua, Nevill,not Sowerby. I add M. Lantzi, Jousseaume (fig.
16), which appears to be a younger state of the same species.
The form is so nearly like that of I. picturata, Nevill (fig. 17),
from Mauritius also, that I think it probable it will prove to be
an unpainted state of that species.

M. rusirorMis, Hinds. PI. 7, figs. 10-12.

White, slightly angulated posteriorly. Length, 4 mill.
Straits of Malacca, in mud, at 17 fathoms (Hinds);
I. Bourbon (Deshayes).

M. inflexa, Sowb. (fig. 11), described without locality, is very
probably synonymous, and I agree with Dr. Weinkauff that J.
unilineata, Jousseaume, founded on the shell figured by Reeve
for M. fusiformis (fig. 12), and which differs from the type in
possessing an inferior revolving brown band, cannot be distin-
guished, except, perhaps, as a variety.

M. H@MamTiTA, Kiener. PI. 7, figs. 13, 14.
Smooth, or very slightly pitted, light lilac-red.

Length, 35-4 inch.
Porto Rico, West Indies.

M. electrum, Reeve (fig. 14), is founded on a faded specimen,
in which the lip is worn smooth; I have similar specimens in
the collection of M. hematita before me.

GLABELLA. 2

M. Festiva, Kiener. PI. 7, fig. 18.
Whitish, mottled irregularly with fulvous, and encircled by
three rose-colored bands. Length, ‘5 inch.
Hast Africa (Reeve).
M. picrurata, Nevill. Pl. 7, fig. 17.
Cone-shaped, smooth; light chestnut, with two white zones
maculated with chestnut. Length, 3°5 mill.
Mauritius.
M: scaiera, Hinds. PI. 7, fig. 19.
Yellowish white, with zig-zag longitudinal brown lines, and
two bands of distant brown spots. Length, 7°5 mill.
Straits of Macassar, in coarse sand, 11 to 15
fathoms (Belcher); Mudagascar (Petit).
M. Lirovana, Crosse. PI. 7, fig.20.
Yellowish white, sparingly longitudinally strigate with flex-

uous brown lines. Length, 4:5 mill.
New Caledonia.

Is possibly a young, and not well-marked specimen of J.
sceripta.
M. Lucra, Jousseaume. PI. 7, fig. 21.

Spire scarcely apparent, the lip advanced upon it; white, with
undulating longitudinal brown lines. Length, 3 mill.

Cape Verd Islands.

Very like M. Lifouana in coloring, but having less prominent

spire.

M. marGarita, Kiener. PI. 7, figs. 22, 23.

White ; columellar plaits and lip-denticulations conspicuous.

Length, 6-7 mill.
West Indies.

This species is not found in the East Indies or India, as stated
by Kiener and most European monographers. MM. candida,
Sowb. (fig. 23), is synonymous.

M. striaTA, Sowb. PI. 7, figs. 24-26.
Whitish ; volutiform, longitudinally finely folded or striated ;

columellar plaits and lip-crenulations very prominent.

Length, 4-5 mill.
West Indies ; Brazil.

M. sulcata, d’Orb. (fig. 25), is probably the same species, or
4

26 GLABELLA.

at most a variety, and JL scalaris, Jouss. (fig. 26), is also
synonymous.

M. CuHapert, Jousseaume. PI. 7, fig. 27.

Vitreous white, or cream-color. Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.
A very doubtful species.

M. pumiza, Redfield. PI. 7, fig. 28.
Pallid corneous. Length, 5 mill.
Port Louis Harbor, Mauritius.
Described by A. Adams as WM. pusilla, a name preoccupied by
Edwards for a fossil species. Jousseaume, in ignorance of the
substitution made by Redfield, proposed for it the name MM.
Borbonica.

M. sERRATA, Gaskoin. PI. 7, fig. 31.

White; columella four-plaited, lip closely denticulated.

Length, 7°5 mill.

Mauritius.
M. scINTELLA, Jousseaume.

An unfigured species, from an unknown locality, and referred
by its author to his genus or group Serrata, which includes J.
serrata, Gaskoin. In the absence of authentic figures or speci-
mens, it is not determinable.

M. Oster, Jousseaume. PI. 7, fig. 32.

White; columella four-plaited, lip minutely denticulated. +

Length, 3°8 mill.
Habitat unknown.

* Lip not denticulated.

M. TRANSLUCIDA, Sowb. PI. 7, figs. 29,30; Pl..8;fig. 35.

White. Length, 7°5 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

M. Strangei, Angas (fig. 30), is evidently a synonym, and I
place here also M. pygmea, Sowb. (fig. 35), described without
locality, from a single specimen in the Bell collection. It is the
M. attenuata, Reeve, of Weinkauff, and has also been sent to me
by Australian collectors under that name, but Reeve’s species
is entirely different and does not belong in the same group.

GLABELLA. 27

M, Austratis, Hinds. Pl. 7, figs. 33, 34; Pl. 8, fig. 36.

White to orange-brown ; lip and interior of aperture orange
or yellowish. Length, 6—7°5 mill.

N.W. Australia ; New South Wales.

M. Metcalfei, Angas (fig. 34), and M. ochracea, Angas (fig.
36), are juveniles of this species. Redfield and Weinkauff have
placed as a synonym here M. oryza (= debilis), Pease; but that
species has a crenulated lip.

’M. virrea, Hinds. PI. 8, fig. 37.

Milk-white; much more angular and conical than JZ, mar-
garita, Kiener. Length, 6 mill.
W. Coast of Africa.
M. 1nconspicuA, Sowb. ' PI. 8, fig..38.

Milk-white. Length, 6 mill.
West Indies (Coll. Philad. Acad.).

M. Savi, Sowb. PI. 8, fig 39.
Pallid fulvous, with two red revolving lines. Length, 7:5 mill.
Cupe Verd Is. (Weinkauff).
M. evanipa, Sowb. PI. 8, fig. 40.
Milk-white. Length, 6 mill.
Lower Guinea - Benguela (Weinkautft).
Dr. Weinkauff suspects that this will prove identical witn MW.
Saulie.

M. suAvis, Souverbie. PI. 8, fig. 41.

Opaline white, with three red-brown bands, the middle one

broad, the others narrow. Length, 3 mill.
New Caledonia.

M. neGLEcTA, Sowb. PI. 8, figs. 42, 43.
Reddish yellow, three-banded, with red spots.
Length, 6 mill. af

Cape of Good Hope ; Isle of Bourbon (Deshayes).
The above is the description of J. rufula, Gaskoin. WM.

neglecta, Sowb. (fig. 42), which is described as pallid fulvous,
faintly trifasciate, length 6 mill., appears to me to be the
same species, and has priority. Jousseaume supposed Reeve’s
figure of M. neglecta to differ specifically from Sowerby’s shell,
and calls the former M. ignota. 'I am not able to separate
them.

28 PRUNUM.

Section Prunum (Ma‘tini), Adams.

Shell smooth, oval, spire slightly prominent; outer lip thick,
unarmed, inner lip frequently forming a callous deposit; color
light gray or yellowish gray, usually without distinct bands or
spots ; exterior lip-margin sometimes orange-brown.

M. MareinaTa, Born. PI. 8, figs. 44-51.

Occasionally very obscurely two-banded; callous deposit on
inner lip wide and thick, so that viewed from the back the shell
appears margined all round, like a Cyprea. Length, 1 inch.

Senegal, West Africa ; West Indies ; Brazil.

M. marginata is a West African species which, like many
others from that locality, reappears in the West Indies, where
it has received the name of M. cincta, Kiener (fig. 46). The last
has hitherto been considered distinct, but I find no characters
by which to separate it. I am compelled to add to the synonymy
as a minor variety, the West India JZ Storeria, Couthouy (fig.
47), aname applied to the smaller and usually younger specimens
of M. cincta, and in which the color is sometimes darker ; also
M. amygdala, Kiener (fig. 51), which, coming from West Africa,
is similarly related to M. marginata. M. crassilabrum, Reeve (fig.
48), M. Saulcyana, Petit (fig. 49), MW. Loroisi, Bernardi (fig. 50),
are also synonyms. Apparently MW. marginata, like the West
Indian MZ. prunum, occurs on the West Coast of America also ;
at least, I have before me specimens said to come from Panama
(Haagensen) and San Blas (Duff).

M. curta, Sowb. PI. 8, fig. 52.

Light grayish brown, strigate with white longitudinally, or
obsoletely narrowly banded with white; lip-margin externally
marked with orange, lip and eallus white, interior of aperture
orange-color. Length, °85—1 inch.

West Coast of South America.

A darker-colored, thinner, more swollen shell than the
preceding species; peculiar in its strigations, appearing as
though scratched.

M. LaBrosa, Redfield. PI. 8, figs. 53, 54.

Yellowish white, lip-margin and callus white.

Length, 10-12 mill.
West Indies.

PRUNUM. 29

First described by Sowerby as ©. crassilabrum, a name pre-
occupied by both Lea and Conrad for fossil species, and therefore
changed as above; subsequently Jousseaume, ignorant of
Redfield’s work, called it I. Leat. Dr. Weinkauff confounds
M. crassilabrum, Sowerby, with M. crassilabrum, Reeve—the
latter a synonym of MW. marginata, Born.

M. aipsosa, Jousseaume. PI. 8, figs, 55, 56.

More gibbous than JZ. labrosa, the columella with six or seven
plications. Length, 12 mill.
Habitat unknown.
Differs somewhat in form from the last species, and in having
more than four columellar folds—yet, I doubt its distinctness.

M. Keenn, Marrat. Pl. 8, fig. 57.

Color orange-buff, somewhat translucent; columella four-
plaited ; outer lip thickened, smooth within. Length, 12 mill.
; So. Africa.
IT am unacquainted with this species.
M. putcura, Gray. PI. 5, figs. 67, 68.
Yellowish flesh-color, with two narrow faint red bands.
Length, | inch.
West Indies.
Larger than M. Oliveformis, the aperture conspicuously
channeled behind, the bands of color narrower and more
regular. Appears to connect the foregoing W. African group
with that of WZ. prunum, of the West Indies. M. Hondurasensis,
Reeve (fig. 68), is a juvenile shell.

M. PruNUM, Gmelin. PI. 8, figs. 58-61; Pl. 9, fig. 62.

Light olivaceous or yellowish white, sometimes very faintly
banded ; lip-margin usually bordered exteriorly with orange, lip
and columella white, interior chestnut-brown.

Length, 1—1°5 inches. '

West Indies ; Panama ; Sierra Leone? ; Brazil.

With this species I unite I. sapotilla, Hinds, from Panama
(fig. 62); M. Burchardi, Dunker (fig. 60), locality unknown ;
and M. Martini, Petit | fig. 61), from Rio Janeiro. The original
figure of M. sapotilla, which I have copied, represents a young
shell; similar dark-colored specimens of this age occur among

30: CRYPTOSPIRA.

West Indian shells; the full-grown shells from Panama being
precisely like the West Indian specimens figured (figs. 58-59).

Section Cryptospira, Hinds.

Shell swollen, smooth, spire very short, nearly concealed ;
columella five- or six-plaited ; outer lip thickened, smooth within;
color gray or yellowish olivaceous, usually without bands,
sometimes interruptedly banded or strigate. Nearly related
to Prunum, but differs in having a shorter spire, less callous
deposit and more columellar teeth or plaits.

M. quinquepiicata, Lam. PI. 9, figs. 63-66.

Light olivaceous or slate-color; lip and interior white or
tinged with yellow. Length, 1—1°5 inches.

Bay of Bengal, Malacca, Sumatra.
Var. Hatnesi!, Petit (fig. 66).

Shell callously thickened throughout.

M. encaustica, Reeve (fig. 65), is considered. by Weinkauff a
very young shell of M. quinqueplicata ; I think this very probable,
the additional columellar folds, and the numerous lip-denticula-
tions being probably evanescent juvenile characters. I am
helped to this conclusion by the fact that other juvenile forms
exhibit similar characters.

M. ELEGANS, Gmelin. PI. 9, figs. 67-70, 82; Pl, 2, fig. 8.

Gray, copiously banded with dark iron-gray, the bands
composed of close longitudinal strigations ; lip and lower part
of columella orange-brown. Length, 1—-1°75 inches.

Nicobar Is. ; Moluccas.

With this species I unite as synonyms, UW. strigata, Dillwyn
(figs. 68, 69), a variety in which the strigations become undulated ;
M. Burchardi, Reeve (not Dunker) = M. Loebbeckeana, Wein-
kauff (fig..70)—a colorless variety, to which belong JM. glauca
and M. Marchi of Jousseaume.

M. RuBEns, Martens. Pl. 13, fig. 39.

Shell ovate, corneous, margin of the lip pallid orange; colu-
mellar plications three, parietal plications two.

Length, 19 mill.
E. Coast of Patagonia, 60 fathoms.

Closely allied to M. glauca, Jousseaume, in form, but differs in

CRYPTOSPIRA. Sill

tint and in having a thickened lip-margin, and in the second
S gin,
plication being more unlike the lower one.

M. rricincta, Hinds. PI. 9, figs. 71, 72.
Ash-color, very obscurely triple-banded with chestnut.
Length, ‘9 inch.
Straits of Macassar, coarse sand, at 11 fathoms (Belcher).
The bands are usually more visible within the aperture, being
almost or entirely obscured by the gray callous coating. JL. im-
mersa, Reeve (fig, 72), is a Synonym.

M. TrRaituir, Reeve, Pl. 9, fig. 73.

Yellowish white, lip thickly reflected, columella five-plaited.

Length, 55 inch.
Malacca.

Dr. Weinkauff thinks this is probably the young of JZ. Loeb-
beckeana (= elegans), but it seems to be much more cylindrical
than that species. It is in the Cumingian collection.

M. sexpiicata, Dunker. Pl. 9, fig. 74.
Grayish, inconspicuously longitudinally strigate, columella

six-plaited. Length, 5 inch.
Japan.

Described by Sowb. in 1870 as JM. obtusa, a specific name pre- j
oceupied by himself in 1846, and therefore changed to sexpli-
cata by Dunker in 1871, and to grisea by Jousseaume in 1875.

M. Oporicy!, Bernardi. PI. 9, fig. 75.

White, with broad yellow bands, which are longitudinally
strigate with orange-brown; interior of aperture orange.
Length, 18 mill.

Habitat unknown.
Described from a single specimen in a worn condition.

M. Berwarpu, Largill. PI. 9, fig. 76.

Fulvous ash, longitudinally streaked with grayish brown;

columella six-plaited. Length, 20 mill.
China Sea.
M. oLIVELLA, Reeve. PI. 9, figs. 77, 83.

Inflated above, glassy white ; columella four- to five-plaited.

Length, 10 mill,
NV. S. Wales, Australia.

32 CRYPTOSPIRA.

The upper fold of the columella is minute, sometimes not
present, and this shell, as well as the next, are referred to the
present section with some doubt.

M. pracaLuosa, Higgins.

An unfigured species, yellowish white, linearly strigate, and
with two distant bands; columella five-plaited, lip callously
reflected, flexuously plicate within. Length, 25 mill.

Habitat unknown.
M. OBLONGA, Swainson. PI. 9, figs. 78-80.

Flesh-color, obscurely broadly banded with a darker tint, and
bearing two chestnut spots on the outer lip; sometimes slightly
flecked with white. Length, -8—1 inch.

Bahamas and Yucatan.

Is more attenuated than the next species, which it neverthe-
less so closely resembles in its occasional flecked coloration and
in having the two spots on the lip, as to suggest community of
origin. Mr. Redfield has proposed the names M. amabilis (fig.
79), and WM. rostrata (fig. 80), for what appear to me to be only
slight variations of this species: the latter has been indepen-
dently described by Jousseaume as M. canella.

M. euttara, Dillwyn. PI. 9, fig. 81.

Flesh-colored, obscurely broadly banded with a darker tint
over which are irregular snow-white flecks; outer lip and base
bearing from two to five brown spots or short stripes.

Length, °65—9 inch.

West Indies, Florida, Beaufort, N. Carolina.

See remarks on preceding species.

M. nivosa, Hinds. PI. 10, figs. 84, 85.

Pale flesh-color, obsoletely banded, with narrow longitudinal
strigations and fleckings of white ; lip without spots.

Length, ‘5-75 inch.

West Indies.

With this must be united M. pruinosa, Hinds (fig. 85), and
M. nivea, C. B. Adams—the latter an unfigured species, founded
onsmallspecimens. MM. punctulata, Petit, is an unfigured species
from Senegal, which has not been identified heretofore; the
description agrees well enough with nivosa. If it could be posi-
tively identified it would have priority over nivosa.

CRYPTOSPIRA. oe

M. Oxivarormis, Kiener. PI. 4, figs. 64-66.
Rather narrow, flesh-color, obscurely two- or three-banded, and
occasionally longitudinally mottled with a darker tint.

Length, °6 inch.
Senegal.

I agree with Weinkauff that M. leta, Jousseaume (fig. 65), is
scarcely more than a fine, small example of this species. M.
Hindsiana, Petit (fig. 66), proposed instead of M. constricta,
Hinds, a name preoccupied by Conrad for a fossil species, is
probably a synonym.

M. carnEA, Storer. PI. 10, fig. 86.
Orange-red, with a median narrow white band ; lip and callus

white. Length, °75 inch.
West Indies, Florida, Beaufort, N. Carolina.
This very distinct species has been misunderstood by the
European monographers, who have all confounded it with forms

of M. oblonga, Swains.

M. roscipA, Redfield. PI. 10, fig. 88.

Yellowish flesh-color, flecked with white, tending to become
longitudinally white-streaked below the suture; lip marked by
two distant chestnut spots, with usually a third at its junction

with the spire. Length, ‘6 inch.
North and South Carolina.

Is very nearly related to the next species, but the spire is
more developed, the shoulder more distinctly angular, and has
the white spots of which WZ. apicina is destitute. It is a critical
species and may prove to be only a variety of M. apicina.

M. apictna, Menke. PI. 10, figs. 89, 90.

Pure white, bluish, purple, pinkish or yellowish white, or
orange-yellow, faintly darker banded, with two, three or four
chestnut spots on the margin of the outer lip—sometimes obso-

lete. Length, -4—°6 inch.
West Indies, Florida, Bahamas.

The pure white variety has been described by Jousseaume as
M. virginea,.
M. PELLUCIDA, Pfeiffer. Pl. 10, fig. 91.

Thin, diaphanous, orange-brown, sometimes faintly banded

5

34 CRYPTOSPIRA.

with a darker tint; lip narrowly margined externally with

orange-red. Length, ‘5 inch.
West Indies, Bahamas.

Has the form of MW. apicina, but differs remarkably in its
diaphanous texture.

M. nitipa, Hinds. PI. 10, figs. 92, 93.
Thin, pellucid, amber-color; more cylindrical than I. pellucida,

with the spire more produced. Length, °45 inch.
Tampa Bay, Fla.

M. nitida was described without locality, but both description
and figure so entirely correspond with J/. succinea, Conrad (fig.
93), that I cannot doubt their identity. M. succinea is figured
from the author’s type.

M. Wattacel, Jousseaume. PI. 10, figs. 94, 95.
Orange-brown with a central white zone; columella obliquely
four-plaited ; lip white, thickened and margined, minutely and

irregularly dentate within. Length, 12 mill.
Locality not certain, probably West Indies.
The minute lip-denticulations, if permanent, separate this
species widely from its nearest allies in form and coloring ;
otherwise it is very like a small JZ. carnea.

M. cANTHARUS, Reeve. PI. 10, fig. 96.
Transparent horny, rather solid, obscurely banded ; lip thick-

ened, opaque white. Length, 11 mill.
Habitat unknown.

M. Capensis, Dunker. PI. 10, fig. 97. ;
White, tinged or obscurely banded with very light orange-

brown. Length, 12 mill.
Cape of Good Hope.

Of rather inflated growth.

M. paxiuuus, Reeve. Pl. 10, fig. 98.

White or tinged with orange-brown ; spire somewhat exserted,
body-whorl ratherswollen above, attenuated below; lip thickened,
smooth, flexuous ; columella four-plaited. Length, 8-9 mill.

Off Florida (Pourtales) ; West Coast of Florida (Jewett).

Described by Reeve without locality.

M. RepFiELpi1, Tryon. Pl. 10, fig. 99.
Smooth. polished, white or yellowish; narrow, spire drawn

CRYPTOSPIRA. 3D

out, body-whorl attenuated below; lip flexuous, smooth, not
much thickened externally, not thickened within; columella
obliquely four-plaited. Length, 8 mill.
Dredged off Florida (Pourtales).
Of same general type as JZ. paxillus, but proportionally much
narrower, with the spire exserted.

M. annutata, Reeve. Pl. 10, fig. 100.

Rather solid, yellowish white, brown-margined below the
sutures; body-whorl gibbously angled above; lip thickened,
flexuous, columella four-plaited. Length, 8 mill.

Habitat unknown.
M. Tripticata, Gaskoin. PI. 10, figs. 1, 2.

Tumid pear-shaped, fleshy white, shining; spire small; lip

thickly margined ; columella triplicate. Length, 7 mill.
Philippines.
A very characteristic, cowry-shaped species.

Section Volutelia, Swai son.

Bulliform, ovate-oblong; spire depressed; pillar with four
oblique plaits at the fore-part, lip smooth within.

M. Bputuata, Born. Pl. 10, figs. 3, 4.
Pale buff, sometimes very indistinctly banded with a darker
tint ; reddish brown within the aperture.

Length, 2°5-3°5 inches.
Bahia, Brazti.

This is the largest species of the genus and a veritable giant
among Marginellas. A pale lemon-colored variety has been
called M. Cuviert, Desh. (fig. 4).

M. AnausTATA, Sowb. PI. 10, fig..5.

White, covered by interrupted chocolate or chestnut revolving
lines, some of them approximating into bands.

Length, :7—1-°25 inches.
Indian Ocean ; Australia.

M. suanpA, Hinds. PI. 10, fig. 6.

Orange-brown, outside and inside ; obsoletely fasciated.

Length, -75 inch. :
ie 3 Cape Blanco, W. Africa, 12-15 fathoms.

36 PERSICULA.

M. pactyius, Lam. PI. 10, fig. 7.

Pale fawn-color, without and in the interior.

Length, 1:1 inches.
Hong-Kong, China ; Hinds.

Is more cylindrical than M. blanda, and has five columellar
plaits.

M. evuretica, Redfield. Pl. 10, fig, 8.
White, or very faintly yellowish banded. Length, 9°5 mill.
Ins. Fanning, Polynesia.
Described by Mr. Pease as WM. elongata, a name preoccupied by
Bellardi for a fossil species.

Section Pers cula, Schumacher.

Shell bulliform, spire depressed or sunken; usually banded
or spotted; aperture long, the outer lip generally denticulated
within, with a posterior channel, inner lip with a callosity
posteriorly, four plaits anteriorly, with smaller ones behind
them, becoming obsolete.

M. cornea, Lam. PI. 10, fig. 9.

Fulvous flesh-color, obsoletely darker banded, lip and callus

lighter. Length, ‘8-1 inch.
West Africa.

M. persicuLa, Linn. PI. 10, fig. 10.
Fulvous white, copiously spotted with orange-red or chestnut.

Length, °75—-9 inch.
Senegambia, Cape Verd Is.

M. cineunata, Dillw. Pl. 10, fig. 11.

Fulvous white, with conspicuous zig-zag chestnut revolving
lines. Length, -T—-9 inch.

W. Africa, Canaries, Cape Verd Is.

In some specimens before me the revolving lines have broken
up into spots; so that, distant as the two patterns of painting
normally appear, this and the preceding may prove to be
varieties of a single species. :

M. MULTILINEATA, Sowb. Pl. 10, fig. 12.

Yellowish, with close-set chestnut revolving lines.

Length, °5 inch.
Belize, Honduras.

PERSICULA. Sit

M. PORCELLANA, Gmelin. PI. 10, fig. 15.

Whitish, tesselated with close-set rows of chestnut quadran-
gular spots. Length, °65 inch.
Venezuela.
M. Kieneriana, Petit. Pl. 10, fig. 14.
Fawn to chestnut-color, with four white bands, on which are

distant chocolate spots. Length, ‘5—75 inch.
Laguayra, Venezuela.
M. catcutus, Redfield. Pl. 10, fig. 15.
Whitish, tesselated with rows of chestnut spots, shaded with
white, and forming longitudinal zig-zags. Length, -4 inch.
Grenadines, West Indies.
This is the M. guttata of Sowerby, not Dillw. or Swains., and
the WM. maculosa of Reeve, not Kiener.

M. INTERRUPTE-LINEATA, Muhlf. PI. 11, figs. 16, 17.

Yellowish white, profusely marked with gray or chestnut spots
and short lines, in interrupted revolving series.
Length, °5—75 inch.
Liberia, West Indies, Venezuela.

M. opesa, Redfield. Pl. 11, figs. 18, 19.

Differs from MM. interrupte-lineata, in being usually larger, —
more ventricose, the revolving lines sometimes merging into
spots, and in the outer margin of the lip possessing three spots;
yet I think it will prove to be only a variety of that species.

Length, ‘6—75 inch.

Venezuela, Brazil.
M, rmpBricaTa, Hinds. PI. 11, figs. 20, 21.

Yellowish white, with revolving series of spots and lines of
chestnut color, usually forming a single darker interrupted band
on the periphery. Length, ‘5 inch.

Acapulco Pacific Coast of Mexico. ,

M. Vautiert, Bernardi (fig. 21), appears to be a young shell
of this species.

M. macutosa, Kiener. PI. 11, figs. 22, 23.

Yellowish white, with revolving series of light chestnut spots,
bordered with milk-white; there are usually two white bands,
upon which are larger and darker spots. Length, :4—°5 inch.

; West Indies.
M. muralis, Hinds (fig. 23), is a synonym.

38 PERSICULA.

M. DE Burecut#, A. Adams. PI. 11, fig. 24.
Transparent white, with larger and smaller chestnut spots in

alternate rows. Length, -4—5 inch.
N.W. Coast of Australia.

I have before me specimens of a pure white variety, from
Nicol Bay, communicated by John Brazier, Esq.

M. PULCHELLA, Kiener. PI. 11, fig. 25.
Yellowish white, with zig-zag longitudinal series of chestnut
spots and lines, and usually two darker revolving series.

Length, °35—"4 inch.
Sydney, Australia (Authors); Ceylon (Nevill).

M. pHryaGiaA, Sowb. PI. 11, fig. 26.
Shell gibbous; yellowish, with zig-zag series of chestnut spots
and lines, and two or three revolving series of darker color.

Length, °3—4 inch.
Acapulco and Gulf of California.

Marked like M. pulchella, but not so cylindrical in form. It
is the M. guttata of Swains., not Dillw., and M. Swainsoniana,

Petit.

M. FRUMENTUM, Sowb. PI. 11, fig. 27.

Form and pattern of coloring very like M. phrygia, but the
shell is slightly more cylindrical, and the zig-zags are usually
much closer; the heavier coloring forming the bands, curves in
an opposite direction. Length, -25—35 inch.

Coast of Ecuador (Redfield); W. Coast of South
America (W einkauff)?
M. carenaTA, Mont. PI. 11, figs. 28, 29.

Shell whitish, with chain-like revolving series of chestnut and
milk-white spots. Length, -15—25 inch.

West Indies, W. Coast of N. America.

M. alba, C. B. Adams, is probably founded on a worn specimen
of this species. Mr. W. H. Dall records the occurrence of I.
catenata on the West Coast of America at Panama, Cape St.
Lueas, and also at the Galapagos Is. There are six to ten of the
revolving chains of spots, and frequently the chestnut-colored
ones are not apparent, so that the shell is thin, whitish, trans-
lucent, with milk-white spots.

PERSICULA. oe

M. PULCHERRIMA, Gaskoin. PI. 11, fig. 30.

Shell light yellowish, usually with darker bands and four
revolving rows of brown and milk-white spots.
Length, *15—25 inch.
West Indies (Gaskoin); Buhamas (Redfield).
Has the form of M. catenata, and has frequently been con-
founded with it. May be distinguished by the faint bands and
fewer series of revolving spots.

M. sagittata, Hinds. PI. 11, fig. 31.

Yellowish white, with light chestnut sagittate revolving series,
and interrupted lighter, longitudinal zig-zag markings.

Length, :25—:35 inch.

Caribbean; Bahamas to Brazil; Australia.

Has the form of I. catenata and nearly the markings of M.
phrygia. I have before me specimens collected by J. Brazier
in King George’s Sound, 8. W. Australia, which do not differ
from the normal West Indian form of the species.

M. cHrysoMELinA, Redfield. PI. 11, fig. 32.

Yellowish white, with regularly spaced subquadrangular brown
spots in revolving series. Length, °3 inch.
West Indies.
M. Pacirica, Pease. PI. 11, fig. 33.
Whitish, with four or five rows of arrow-head brown markings.
Length, 5 mill.
Paumotus Is.
Smaller and more cylindrical than WM. sagittata, Hinds; the
arrow-heads point to the left.

M. pupiosa, Dall. Pl. 11, fig. 34.

Yellowish brown, with uncertain fluctuating white bars, spots
and streaks, irregularly disposed, with a general tendency to
elongation in the direction of the lines of growth; callus above
the spire marked with a circle of radiating brown dots, with an
obscure white band outside of them; a dark brown patch on
the outer edge of the outer lip. Length, °3 inch.

Acapulco, Mexico.

Described from a single, evidently beach-worn specimen, and
must be considered a doubtful species.

40 PERSICULA.

M. ovutuM, Sowb. PI. 11, fig. 35.

White. Length, ‘8 mill.
EH. Australia.

M. occutta, Monterosato. PI. 11, fig. 36.

Whitish. Length, 2-3 mill.
Pulermo, Sicily.

M. Pisum, Reeve. PI. 11. fig. 37.
White. Length, 4 mill.

Australia (Strange).
It would be difticult to show any good distinctive characters
between this and M. occulta. It might also be a young M.

ovulum.

M. cuAnDEsTINA, Brocchi. Pl. 11, fig. 38; Pl. 2, fig. 10.
Glassy white, obovate, spire immersed, columella four-plaited,
outer lip thickened and margined. Length, 3 mill.
Coast of Portugal; Canary Islands; Mediterranean
Sea, from Gibraltar to Egypt. Fossil in
the tertiary of Italy and Sicily.
M. Issevt, Nevill. Pl. 11, fig. 39.
White, more elongated than WM. clandestina, and smaller.
Length, 1°25 mill.
Suez (Issel); Coast of Persia, 25 fathoms (Blanford).
Described by Issel as M. pygmexa, a name preoccupied by
Sowerby.
M. oryzA, Lam. Pl. 11, fig. 40.
Whitish, or yellowish white, with a broad central chestnut

band. Length, 8 mill.
Senegal; Cape Verd Is.

Specimens before me, agreeing otherwise with the figures of
this species, have the spire apparent, although short. There
are four columellar folds, and in addition a number of trans-
verse denticulations extending nearly the entire length of the
inner lip. Remarking the presence of these, not mentioned in
Lamarck’s description, Jousseaume adopts Adanson’s name for
the species and calls it I. stipon, believing it to differ from I.
oryza.

M. pens, Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 41.

Pear-shaped, opal-white. Length, 7 mill.
Borneo.

GIBBERULA. Al

M. Guancua, d’Orb. PI. 11, fig. 42.
Whitish ; columella four-plaited. Length, 1°5 mill.
Canary Islands.
Narrower than M. clandestina, and compressed at the ends.

M. ovunirormis, d’Orb. Pl. 11, fig. 43.

White, columella with three plaits. Length, 1:5 mill.
West Indies,
Possibly an immature shell.

M. MARGARITULA, Carpenter.
White, columella with four plaits, very like I ovuliformis.
Length, 032-073 inch. °
Mazatlan, W. Coast of Mexico.
I have no specimens of this unfigured, very minute species.

M. pyrirorMis, Carpenter. Pl. 13, fig. 38.

Like MW. margaritula, but sometimes tinged with hght orange;
longer and narrower in front; lip (not always) very minutely
denticulated ; columellar plaits rather acute. Length, 2 mill.

Monterey to San Diego, Cal.

M. Lerevre!, Bernardi. Pl. 11, fig. 44.

White or slightly yellowish. Length, 13 mill.

Habitat unknown.
Section Gibberula, Swainson.

Shell suboval; spire slightly prominent ; outer lip posteriorly
dilated and gibbous, not denticulated. A group of small species
differing from Persicula in the spire being slightly prominent
instead of sunken.

M. montuis, Linn. Pl. 11, figs. 45, 46.

Ivory-white; columella four-plaited; above the plaits are

additional denticulations. Length, 10-12 mill.
West Africa; Red Sea; I. of Socotra.

The African tribes form necklaces of these shells. For the
purpose of stringing them a hole is made through the upper
part of the body-whorl, apparently by rubbing. M. Petit, finding
the figures of this species in Sowerby’s Thesaurus to have a spire
more projecting than is warranted by Linnzeus’ description, and
the locality of the latter being given as China, separates Sowerby’s

shells as M. Sowerbyana ; no subsequent authors have recognized
6

42 GIBBERULA.

this distinction. A large proportion of the localities given by
Linneus are erroneous. I cannot separate I. Terveriana, Petit
(fig. 46), from the Island of Socotra and Red Sea.

M. minrartiA, Linn. PI. 11, figs. 47, 48.

White; columella four-plaited, with one or two denticulations

above the plaits. Length, 4°5 mill.
Mediterranean ; Portugal ; Canary Isles ; Gulf of Suez.

Is a common fossil in the Upper and Middle Tertiary of
Southern Europe. Usually the outer lip is smooth, but occa-
sionally it is very slightly, minutely crenulated. I. Savignyi,
Issel (fig. 48), from Suez, presents characters so similar in
description and figure, that I cannot separate it.

M. cARNEOLA, Petit. Pl. 11, fig. 49.
Pallid carneous, with two darker bands. Length, 8°5 mill.
Habitut unknown.

Petit mentions two bands in his description, yet his figure
only shows a single broad central one. The species has not been
fully identified ; some authors suspect that it is equivalent to
and has priority over I. pyrulum, Reeve, the next species ;
whilst the figure, if correct in representing only one band, is
more like JM. oryza, Lam.

M. pyrutuM, Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 50.

Yellowish white, spire chestnut-color, with faint upper and

lower bands. Length, 7 mill.
St. Thomas, W. I. (Reeve).

See remarks under preceding species. The difference between
this species and those varieties of JZ. oryza with apparent spire,
is very slight; both have the dark colored spire. They will
possibly prove identical.

M. INFELIX, Jousseaume. PI. 11, fig. 51.

Yellowish white ; columella four-plaited. Length, 7-5 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.
Described by Reeve as M. simplex, a name preoccupied by
Edwards for a fossil species.

M. ASELLINA, Jousseaume. PI. 12, fig. 52.

Yellowish white, trifasciate with orange-brown.

Length, 5 mill.
tee Mauritius.

GIBBERULA. 45

M. Jewerti, Carpenter. Pl. 12, fig. 57.

Milk-white ; columella four-plaited. Length, 4°5—6 mill.
Monterey to Santa Barbara, Cal.

M. supTricona, Carpenter. PI. 12, fig. 55.

Like M. Jewettii, but much shorter and wider.
Length, -14 inch.
Santa Barbara, Cal.
M. rEGULARIS, Carpenter. PI. 12, fig. 56.
Thin, glassy white or yellowish; narrower than J. Jewettii ;
lip-margin rather thick. Length, +13 inch.
Monterey to San Diego, Cal.; beach to 20 fms.

M. LAcHRYMA, Reeve. PI. 12, figs. 53, 54.

Pyriformly ovate, glassy white; columella with four plaits,
and several denticulations above them. Length, 4 mill.
Borneo.
The spire is shorter than in M. infans, Reeve, and the outline
more convex below. M. Crossei, Vélain (fig. 54), from the
vicinity of the Islands of St. Paul and Amsterdam, does not
appear to differ except in size, being 1°5 mill.; it is perhaps not
fully grown.
M. auanpina, Vélain. Pl. 12, fig. 58.
White, columella with two strong plications and three slighter
ones above them. Length, 2°75 mill.
Island of St. Paul, Indian Ocean.
Scarcely distinguished from the preceding species by a some-
what more cylindrical form.
M. cranuM, Phil.

Shell minute, obovate, white, spire shortly conical ; columella
straight, four-plicate, lip sulcate-striate within. Length, 4 mill.
Red Sea, near Aden.
Like WM. minuta, Pfr., but slightly larger; lip strongly 8-10
suleate within. Not figured.

M. minura, Pfr. Pl. 12, figs. 60-63.

White, columella four-plaited, lip minutely denticulated within.
Length, 2°5 mill.
Mediterranean, Red Sea, West Indies, Florida. Fossil
: in the Post Pliocene of Southern Europe.

44 GIBBERULA.

M. Lavalleana, d’Orb (fig. 61), from the West Indies and
Florida, does not appear.to differ. The lip is described as
smooth, and appears to be so in some specimens, but in others,
in a favorable light and with a good glass, the denticulations or
ridges can be plainly seen. M. minima, Guilding (fig. 62), is
also a synonym, although described as having but three columellar
plaits. I place here M. Sueziensis, Issel (fig. 63), from the Red
Sea.

M. LACHRIMULA, Gould.

An unfigured, white, minute species, with scarcely any
apparent spire, and lip surpassing it posteriorly; columella
tour-plaited ; lip slightly crenulate within. Length, 1°5 mill.

Dredged in 400 fms. off the coast of Georgia.

Said to be distinguished from the allied West Indian species

by its transparency and ventricose form. ;

M. BENSONI, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 64.

Rather solid, shining white; lip smooth, columella three-
plaited. Length, 2 mill.
Cape of Good Hope.
M. minor, C. B. Adams. Pl. 12, fig. 65.

White, columella four- or five-plaited, lip smooth within.
Length, 3—4 mill.

Panama to Mazatlan.
More cylindrical than M. minuta, Pfr.

M. pouita, Carpenter.

Shell like M. minor, but smaller, regularly ovate, scarcely
produced anteriorly, spire rounded, hardly raised ; parietal callus
small; plice four, nearly equal and conspicuous.

Length, :034 inch.

Mazatlan; six specimens on Chama and Spondylus.

I have not seen this species, which remains unfigured.

M. rranstata, Redfield. PI. 12, fig. 66.

White, with three luteous bands; lip denticulated within.
, Length, 6 mill.

Paumotus Is.
Described by Pease as M. pyriformis, a name preoccupied by
Carpenter.

GIBBERULA. 45

M. Anaas!, Brazier. Pl. 12, fig. 67.
Shell hyaline lacteous; spire nearly planate; columella with

inferior folds; lip smooth within. Length, 1°75 mill.
3 Port Jackson, Australia.

The animal is dark, with a red foot. Appears to be an im-
mature shell.

M. potyoponTa, Vélain. PI. 12, fig. 68.

White, spire almost planate, columella with two plications,
above which are nine or ten transverse teeth, terminating in a
stronger tooth above. Length, 2°5 mill.

T. of St. Paul, Indian Ocean.

Found in compound Ascidians. Appears to be an immature
shell.

M SAnpDwWIcENsIs, Pease. PI. 12, fig. 69.

Glossy white, columella usually four-plicate, lip abbreviately

lirate within. Length, 2°5 mill.
Sandwich Is. (Pease); Viti Js. (Garrett).

Pease’s species was not illustrated by him, and the figure of
it in Reeve’s Iconica is very bad. He does not mention the
interior lire or denticulations, which are not visible on all the
specimens. Having types received from Pease and also types
of Mr. Garrett’s M. pygmxa, subsequently published, I do not
hesitate to declare them identical.

M. DEBILIS, Pease.

Shell subpyriform, longitudinally striated, white; aperture
narrow, contracted ; apex obtuse; inner lip three-plaited, outer
lip denticulated within.

Sandwich Islands.

Mr. Redfield and Dr. Weinkauff have made this a synonym of
M. Australis, Hinds ; although the description differs essentially.
Pease originally published it as M/. oryza, but that name being
preoccupied, he changed it to M. debilis, and at the same time
pointed out its distinctive characters from Australis. Dr.
Jousseaume, ignorant of the change of name made by Pease,
has proposed for it M. aquegutta. It has not been figured, and
I have no specimens.

46 GIBBERULA.

M. sEMEN, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 71.
Spire minute, almost immersed; shell dull white; columella

callous, minutely four-plaited. Length, 4 mill.
Habitat unknown. «

Jousseaume changed the name to M. cinerea, because Lea
had previously used semen for a fossil species ; the latter, how-
ever, is said to be the young of MW. larvata, Conrad. Mr.
Redfield remarks that this species is very near to M. ovuli-
formis, Orb.

M. putvis, Jousseaume. PI. 12, fig. 72.

Vitreous white, with revolving striz ; lip minutely denticulate
within ; columella two-plaited. Length, 1:3 mill.

Isle of Bourbon.

Evidently, as suggested by Dr. Weinkauff, an embryonal shell.

M. Martetr, Crosse. PI. 12, fig. 73.
Minute, globosely inflated, spire immersed, columella four-

plicate. Length, 1] mill.
New Caledonia.
Is this a juvenile of MW. Angasi, Brazier?

M. ros, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 74.
Glassy white, columella minutely plaited. Length, 4 mill.
Habitat unknown.
May be the equivalent of several other species of this section.

M. suposa, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 75.
Opaque white; columella four-plaited ; lip minutely denticu-
lated within. Length, 6 mill.
Borneo.
M. cystiscus, Redfield: Pl. 12, fig. 70; Pl. 2, fig. 11.
Shell white, columella four-plaited. Length, ‘14 inch.
False Bay, Cape of Good Hope; from Gorgoniz in 20 fathoms.
The dentition and shell are like Marginella; but the animal,
which has short, flattened, triangular, horizontal tentacles, with
minute dark reddish eyes, behind their bases, differed sufficiently
to induce Stimpson, who discovered the species, to establish for
it anew family Cystiscide, and to call it Cystiscus Capensis.
Mr. Redfield, very properly, I think, remanded the species to —
Marginella, and the specific name being preoccupied in that
genus, called it M. cystiscus. The foot of the animal is lemon-
yellow. e

CLOSIA, VOLVARIA. AT

Section Closia, Gray.

Spire involute; lip thick, usually dentate within; columella
heavily incrusted with callus, two lower folds of columella very
prominent, two superior ones not so prominent; above them
there are sometimes deposited a series of false folds or transverse
ridges as in Cyprea: which it resembles; especially its dorsal
aspect.

M. Lareciuuierti, Kiener. Pl. 12, figs. 77, 78.

Pale violet fawn-color or yellowish brown, more or less
obscurely banded and flecked with yellowish white.

Length, ‘75-1 inch.
Bahia, Brazil.
M. ovum, Reeve (fig. 78), is only an unpainted, probably faded,
state of this species.

M. tiLacina, Sowb. Pi. 12, fig. 80.

Flesh-white, stained with pale lilac, with an indistinct broad
central band. Length, °9 inch.
Hubitat unknown.
M. sarpA, Kiener. PI. 12, figs. 81-83.
Whitish, faintly three-banded with violet; lip tinged exteriorly

with yellowish brown. Length, °65 inch.
Ceylon, Mauritius.

M. Manceli, Jousseaume (fig. 83), appears to be identical with
this species.

M. QUADRILINEATA, Gaskoin. Pl. 12, fig. 79.
Ash-gray, with four distant, dark revolving lines.
Length, °8 inch.
Habitat unknown.
M. coNnTAMINATA, Gaskoin.
This unfigured and unrecognized species, without assigned

habitat and undeterminable, appears to belong in this group.

Subgenus Volvaria, Lam.

Shell subcylindrical; spire very short or sunken; aperture
narrow, anteriorly dilated; columella sinuous in front, subflexuous,
obliquely truneated, and with four oblique plaits; outer lip
slightly thickened without, or with only a slight marginal varix.

A single recent species, M/. pallida, is very similar to the fossil

48 VOLVARIA.

forms for which Lamarck originally proposed the genus; in all
the other recent species the lip becomes more or less thickened
with a slight varix.

I figure the fossil form JV. bulloides, Lam. (Pl. 3, fig. 28),
from the Middle Eocene of France and Belgium.

M. patuipa, Linn. Pl. 12, fig. 84.

White or yellowish, sometimes obscurely banded in the centre.
Length, *6—7 inch.
West Indies.
M. nucipA, Marrat. PI. 12, fig. 85.
White, lip slightly thickened ; spire obsolete.
Length, °35 inch.
Natal, So. Africa.

M. compressa, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 86.
Shining white, glassy, spire very short. Length, 4 inch.
Habitat unknown.
Dr. Weinkauff supposes this to be possibly a young shell of
M. pallida, but the lip is too much thickened ; I am very doubtful
whether either this or M. lucida is distinct from M. lactea,
Kiener.
M. MusTELINA, Angas. — Pl. 12, fig. 87.
Light brown, with two yellowish bands, bordered with darker
brown in series of spots. Length, 5 mill.
Port Jackson; Botany Bay, Australia.
This is possibly synonymous with M. obscura, Reeve—a
species of which I have no specimens. There is some resemblance
in the coloring and form.

M. rauna, Sowb. PI. 12, figs. 88-90.

Pinkish or yellowish white, or pure white; stouter than the
preceding species. Length, -35—45 inch.
: West Indies.
With this may probably be united M. alabaster, Reeve (fig.
89 , and WM. diaphana, Kuster, not Kiener (fig. 90).

M. OLIVELL/FORMIS, Jousseaume. PI. 12, fig. 91.
White, sutures canaliculate, columella four-plicate, lip toothed
within. Length, -4 mill.
ais ot ‘ad Habitat unknown.

VOLVARIA. 49

The channeled suture is the distinguishing feature of this
species—for which Dr. Weinkauff has proposed the subgeneric
name Canalispira.

M. zonata, Kiener. Pl. 12, figs. 92-94.

Thin, whitish, either very broadly banded, or lineated above
and below with fulvous orange. Length, °3 inch.

Cape of Good Hope; Madagascar; West Indies.

In M. zonata (fig. 92), the coloring nearly covers the body-
whorl in a single. band; and with this variety corresponds J.
Dunkeri, Krauss. In MW. bilineata, Krauss (figs. 93, 94), the
shell is white, bilineated with chestnut. Sometimes the broad
band is present, with the deeper colored lineations defining its
margins, and in one specimen before me the band is visible on a
portion of the whorl only, but the lineations are present.

°

M. puetia, Gould.

Resembles MM. zonata, but is much larger, with no traces of
bands. The animal is very active, of a pale lemon-color, with
blotches of flake-white and very numerous crimson points ;
margin of mantle dark chocolate. Length, 12 mill.

Simon's Buy, So. Africa, 18 fathoms, gravelly bottom.
Unfigured,

M. micans, Petit. Pl. 13, fig. 95.

Whitish, with two broad bands of chestnut. Length, 8 mill.
Abd-el-Gouri, H. Coast of Africa.

M. nActrEa, Kiener. Pl. 13, figs. 98, 99.

White or cream-colored, columella four-plicate.
Length, 8 mill.
West Indies,
M. affinis, Reeve (fig. 99), appears to be this species, Reeve
having figured the next species for /actea. M.abbreviata, C. B.
Adams, is also probably a synonym.

M. susptrieticata, Orb. PI. 13, fig. 100.

White or cream-color, more cylindrical than MM. lactea, with
more produced spire, columella three-plaited, shell larger.

Length, 10 mill.
West Indies.

~
‘

D0 VOLVARTA.

M. Mexicana, Jousseaume. PI. 13, fig. 1.

Rather solid, opaque white, with four very obscure bands,

columella four-plaited. Length, 7 mill.
Mexico.

Possibly a variety of M. lactea, Kiener. I am not acquainted
with the species.

M. Avena, Valence. Pl. 13, figs. 2-5, 8.
White or yellowish white, with three broad bands of brownish

yellow; columella four-plaited. Length, -45—-6 inch.
West Indies.

Var. BEYERLEANA, Bernardi (figs. 3, 8).

White or rosy-white, with the bands of rose-color ; it is clearly
connected by intermediate shades with the type. Some of these
intermediate states are M. livida, Reeve (fig. 4), WM. effulgens,
Reeve, and IZ. guttula, Reeve (fig. 5’.

Var. AVENELLA, Dall.

Shell exceedingly variable in proportions ; spire short, obtuse,
sometimes almost suppressed; color light yellow or yellowish
white, with a faint white line bordering the suture; general
outline elongated ovate; aperture long, narrow behind (where
the outer lip is thickened and a little inflected), wider in front
(where it is thin), and a little flaring at its (widest) anterior
termination; columella with four subequal folds, all rather
oblique; outer lip simple, thickened behind, where the line of
callus may extend to the suture or fall considerably short of it;
slightly concave in the middle, where its edge is even turned in
a little; scarcely, if at all, produced forward; whorls not at all
or very slightly shouldered, three or four in number. In the
form with the short rounded spire, the outer lip is straight, not
inflected, and more evenly thickened along its whole length; the
anterior end of the aperture has the outer lip obliquely cut off,
and not flaring. The whole form is more evenly ovate-cylindrical.
The measurements of the long- and short-spired specimens are
respectively as follows :—Lon. of shell, 12-0 and 9:5; of whorl,
10°25 and 9:0; of aperture, 9°5 and 8-25. Max. lat. of shell, 5-0
and 3°75; lat. of aperture at middle part, 1-0 and 1:0 mm.

Off Cape San Antonio, 1002 fms.; Station 5, 229 and
152 fms.; Station 2, 805 fathoms, Caribbean.

VOLVARIA. 51

Notwithstanding the differences above indicated by extreme
specimens, the shells appear to grade into one another and to
approach very closely the old JM. avena of Valenciennes, of
which indeed this may be but an abyssal race; but of the latter
I have no typical specimens, and it is described as having color-
bands. In view of the great number of closely allied forms of
this group, without such specimens it would be rash to consolidate.

Another form with the spire almost lost (from Yucatan Strait,
640 fms., and Station 2, 805 fms.), of a yellowish white tinge,
‘strongly resembles d’Orbigny’s MM. triplicata, which I take to
have been founded on an abnormal specimen, and might be
thought a pale race of Volvarina varia, but I am not at all sure
that it is not an extreme form of the preceding.

I quote Mr. Dall’s description of the above varieties in full, as
they are unfigured, and are deep-sea forms; they are doubtless
varieties only, as suspected by Mr. Dall.

M. Paraconica, Martens. PI. 13, fig. 40.

White, with two wide light rosy bands; columella with four
plications, the lower the strongest. Length, 18 mill.
East Coast of Putagonta —60 fathoms.

M. Puitippinarum, Redfield. Pl. 13, fig. 6; Pl. 2, fig. 9.

Yellowish white, with three rather broad darker bands;
columella four-plaited. Length, ‘5-65 inch.
Philippines.
Meuxings, Gmelin) —Pl. 13 figs: 7,9,10, 11,96, 975 Plo12, fig. 59.

Yellowish white, without bands, or three-banded with light

chestnut. Length, 10 mill.
W. Africa, Mogadore to Senegal; West Indies.

A more ventricose, shorter species than some of those which
precede it. It is the M. triticea of Lamarck (fig. 7), JZ. monilis
of Wood, not Linn. J. epigrus, Reeve (fig. 9), is supposed by
Mr. Redfield to be the young of this species. MV. tribalteata,
Reeve (fig. 11), and M. fusca, Sowb, (figs. 96, 97)—a West Indian
shell, are synonyms. I am inclined to place here, as a not fully
grown shell, M. Benguelensis, Jouss. (PI. 12, fig. 59; Pl. 13, fig.
10), from Benguela. J. Jousseaumi, Rochbrune, from the Cape
Verd Islands, is also a synonym.

52 VOLVARIA.

M. meEpioctneTa, E. A. Smith. Pl. 13, figs. 12, 13.
White, with two broad light chestnut bands; columella four-

plaited. Length, 6°5 mill.
Cape Verd Is.

The coloring is above and below the middle, covering the
body-whorl except a central white zone. M. Bowvieri,Jousseaume
(fig. 13), is a synonym.

M. ruBELLA, C. B. Adams. PI. 13, figs. 14, 15.
Rosy white, with three faint rose-colored bands; columella

four-plaited. Length, 8-11 mill.
Jamaica and St. Thomas, W. I.

M. navicella, Reeve (fig. 15), is a synonym.

M. rantata, Sowb. PI. 13, figs. 16, 17.

Whitish or yellowish white, with sutural, median and basal
bands of yellowish brown, and a narrower band of the same
color between the last two; sometimes the coloring is roseate,
and occasionally a pair of proximate narrow lines take the
place of a broad band. Length, 12-15 mill.

Cape Verd Is ; West Indies.

Very like M. avena, Val., and may be only a variety of that
species ; its distinctive characters being a shorter spire and the
additional narrow band. M. Verdensis, K. A. Smith (fig. 17), is
identical with this species,

M. Crssact, Rochbrune.

Elliptical, shining, thick; spire short, conical, obtuse; aperture
long and narrow, a little dilated above; lip thick; columella
four-plaited ; wine-red with a livid band at the top of the whorl.

Length, 11 mill.
Hab. Cape Verd Islands.

Seems to be very closely allied to MM. teniata. The work
containing the figure of this species, arrived too late to have it
illustrated in the Manual.

M. opsoura, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 22.
Yellowish white, faintly four-banded, the bands terminating

in spots on the margin of the lip. Length, 9 mill.
Habitat unknown

VOLVARIA. ys)

M. secauina, Phil. Pl. 13, figs. 18-21.
Yellowish or brownish white, more or less obscurely three-

banded. Length, 10 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.

M. Calameli, Jousseaume (fig. 18), from Algiers, is made a
synonym by Dr. Weinkauff, who has quoted it as an example of
his var. bizonata. The banding, however, is more or less visible
on all specimens, and his variety is-not entitled to be so con-
sidered. M. rufescens, Reeve (fig. 19 , is another probable
synonym. WM. Lienardi, Jousseaume, said to come from Mauri-
tius, and Isle of Bourbon, is founded on two of Sowerby’s
figures of this species.

M.1nrans, Reeve. Pl. 13, fig. 23.
Transparent white, mostly encircled by two faint brown lines;

columella four-plaited. Length, 5 mill.
Singapore; Tasmania.

Erato pellucida, Tenison-W oods, from the latter locality, is an
unfigured species, but the description as well as specimens before
me agree very well with I. infans.

M. attenuata, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 24.

Yellowish white, body-whorl slightly attenuated below, lip
flexuous, columella obliquely four-plaited. Length, 8 mill.
Sydney, New South Wales.
This is the M. translucida of Weinkauff and of some Austra-
lian collectors; the true translucida is a very different species.

M. HETEROZONA, Jousseaume. PI. 13, fig. 25.
Vitreous white, with an obsolete central brown band.
Length, 5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
M. cyLinpRicA, Sowb. PI. 13, fig. 26.
Yellowish white, with broad and narrow darker bands, irreg-
ular in number; columella three-plaited. Length, 6—7 mill.
St. Thomas, West Indies.
M. Prasi, Reeve. Pl. 13, fig. 27.
Milk-white, very obscurely three-banded with fulvous.

Length, 10 mill.
Kingsmill Is., Polynesia.

This species has been unfortunate in its names: it was first
described by Peaseas M. cylindrica, but as that name was preoc-

54 VOLVARIA.

cupied by Sowerby, Reeve changed it as above, and Pease subse-
quently, unaware that Reeve had already proposed a substitute,
called it M. polita—a name which was already used by Carpenter.

M. Paumortensis, Pease. Pl. 13, fig. 28.
White, with three very faint yellowish bands ; columella three-
plaited. Length, 5 mill.

: Paumotus Is.
M. CaLEponica, Jousseaume. PI. 13, fig. 31.
White, very obscurely bifasciate with yellowish brown; col-

umella three-plaited. Length, 7 mill.
New Caledonia.

I have not seen a specimen of this shell, but the figure is so
close to WM. Paumotensis, Pease, that I suspect it will prove to
be synonymous with that species.

M. conusca, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 29.

Transparent, horny, livid, very faintly two-banded with chest-
nut; columella four-plaited. Length, 5 mill.
Singapore.
M. Bazini, Jousseaume. PI. 13, fig. 30.
Vitreous white, subpellucid, with a fuscous line above; col-

umella four-plaited. Length, 5 mill.
Habitat unknown.
A species of very doubtful distinctness.

M. sorpipA, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 32.
Dull white ; columella three-plaited. Length, 7 mill.
Habitat unknown.
This, like the last, may be identified with several different
species.

M. BULLULA, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 33.

Transparent white, glassy ; columella four-plaited.

Length, 6 mill.
; te Borneo.
It is difficult to say wherein JZ Paumotensis, Pease, differs

from this species.
M. FascratTa, Sowb. PI. 13, fig 34.
Yellowish white, banded with light brown, edged with darker

brown, forming spots on the margin of the lip; columella strongly

four-plaited. Length, 7 mill.
Locality unknown.

VOLVARIA. 9)

Jousseaume changed the name to I. rubrofasciata, on account
of Persicula fasciata, Schum., which is a synonym of JZ. per-
sicula, Linn. I have no authentic specimen of this species; it
needs to be compared with JZ mustelina, Angas.

M. Bayer, Jousseaume. PI. 13, fig. 35.

Bulliform, opaque; luteous white ; columella three-plaited.
Length, 12 mill.

Locality unknown.
M. eracizis, C. B. Adams. PI. 13, fig. 36.

White, three-banded with chestnut. Length, 6°5 mill.
West Indies.
Prof. Adams did not illustrate his species, but the description
so completely agrees with Reeve’s figure of MZ. bibalteata, that I
think Mr. Redfield is correct in making the latter a synonym.

M. ALBOLINEATA, d’Orb. PI. 13, fig. 37.

White, more or less broadly three-banded with bright chest-
nut; sometimes the bands are so broad that the shell appears
to be chestnut-colored with two white bands. Length, 6-7 mill.

West Indies, Lower California.

M. Delessertiana, Recluz, an unfigured species, said to come
from Mauritius, resembles this species, but cannot be positively
identified with it. The shell which Weinkauff figures for J.
Delessertiana, and which comes from Guadeloupe, W. I., is a
M. albolineata. This is the WM. varia, Sowerby, of Carpenter and
Californian conchologists. Carpenter says that it is not to be
distinguished from some West Indian specimens of J. varia, but
the fact is that M. varia is made up of two very distinct forms,
namely M. albolineata, Orb., and M. avena, Val.—the latter has
not been found on the West Coast of America.

Unfigured and Undetermined Species.

M. TENERA and M. InrERMEDIA of Menke.
M. aspuarti, Theobald. Undescribed.

M. microscopica, Tapparone-Canefri. Papuan Isles.
M. TRIDENTATA, M. suBBULBOSA, M. ALBIDA, M. cyMBALUM, M. DEN-
TICULATA, Tate. All from South Australia.

M. virrata (name preoccupied), M. ALBEscENS, Hutton.
Both from New Zealand.
M. TanTiLtiA and M. LEPIDA, Gould. China Sea.

ob VOLVARIA.

M. sEMINULA, Gould. Cape of Good Hope.
M. sprnota, Ravenel MS. Southern Coast United States.
M. Autporti, M. MinutTissiMA, M. Sranisuaus, Tenison-Woods.

Tasmania.
M. paLiipuna and M. FuLGENs, Dunker. Upolu.
M. Morcuir, Redfield (JZ. coniformis, Mirch, preoccupied).

Puntas Arenas, W. Co. Central America.

ALBANYANA, Gaskoin. Albany, E. Coast of Africa.

QUADRIFASCIATA (Kabenda, W. Co. Africa), M. NANA,

. PERLA, M. caLnosa (fed Sea), Marrat.

. WarreENII, Marrat. <A two-banded shell, 20 mill. long. Col-
lected by Canit: Warren in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, or—if
the latitude and longitude are correctly given—upon the
adjacent Canadian territory. It is safe to say that no such
species lives in that vicinity or within some hundreds of miles
of it.

M. Cuemnirzil, Dillwyn. Bleached specimen.

M. ANNA, Jousseaume. | New Caledonia.

M. Warsont, Dall.

Shell short, stout, white or yellowish white, polished, five-
whorled; suture marked under the glaze with a darker trans-
lucent line; apex obtuse; in adults the nucleus is obscured by
the glaze, in young specimens it presents no differences from
the rest of the shell; last whorl shouldered -roundly, forming a
rounded angle at the posterior part of the outer lip; aperture
narrow, labrum and labium nearly parallel; pillar with four
clearly cut folds, the anterior continued around the margin of
the canal, slightly flaring, to join the outer lip; the latter slightly
thickened inside, with about a dozen rounded denticulations,
outwardly little or not at all reflected, joining the body behind
at an acute angle. Long. of shell, 9°5; of last whorl, 8-0; of
aperture, 7°5. Lat. of shell, 6:0; of aperture, 1-5 mm.

Off Havana, 480 fms.; Station 2, 805 fms.; Bed of the Gulf
Stream (Pourtalés), 447 fms.; Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

This species resembles J/. vitrea, Hinds, from West Africa,
in general shape, but that species is smaller and has the outer
lip not denticulated. J/. Watsoni has the facies of a deep-water
shell, and does not appear to agree exactly with any I find
figured (Dall),

Ee 8

VOLVARIA, 5Y

M. rusina, Dall.

Shell ovate-fusiform, with the spire nearly as long as the
aperture, polished waxen white, five-whorled; whorls of the
spire well marked and rotundate though covered with a trans-
parent glaze; suture distinct; apex rounded; lines of growth
perceptible under the glaze, especially near the suture on the
last whorl; aperture short, lunate, with no posterior angle in
the outer lip, which gently rounds to the body-whorl before and
behind ; outer lip a little thickened inside, simple, not reflected ;
folds four, the two anterior ones very oblique and close together ;
canal not flaring, short, and not twisted backward. Long. of
shell, 8:0; of last whorl, 6:0; of aperture, 4°5. Max. lat., 4:0;

lat. of aperture, 1-5 mm.
Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

This has somewhat the shape of Marginella nodata, in a gen-
eral way, but is more evenly fusiform, and quite peculiar in its
even taper, which does not seem to be ascribed to any other
species (Dall).

M. SEMINULA, Dall.

This species differs from the last by its proportionally shorter
spire containing one less whorl; by the less distinctly marked
suture; by the shouldering of the last whorl which angulates
the outer lip in adult specimens, the lip in this vicinity being
generally much thickened and slightly reflected, somewhat pro-
duced in the middle, and thinning towards the distinctly flaring
canal; the columellar folds are more evenly separated and the
canal is slightly recurved. In other respects it resembles M.
fusina. Long. of shell, 7:0; of last whorl, 5°62; of aperture,
5:12. lat. of shell, 3°5; of aperture, 1-25 mm.

Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

There is some variation in size and in the way in which the
outer lip is thickened in different individuals. The shape is not
far from that of WM. festiva. The measurements are of the largest
of several specimens (Dall).

M. Yucatecana, Dall.

Shell with three and a half to four whorls, smaller than the

last and the adult specimens proportionally more slender and of a
8

DS VOLV ARIA.

distinctly different shape; but some of the younger specimens
of M. seminula, before they have put on the lip-callus and its
angulation, appear much more similar, and suggest that the
range of variation may be wide enough to cover both. The
present form, with a proportionately shorter spire and longer
and wider aperture, has an evenly rounded outer lip and body-
whorl; which recalls MZ. fusina. Its chief differences from J/.
seminula consist in those features which accompany the should-
ering of the whorls and the thickening of the outer lip, which in
this form seems to be always evenly rounded, arched forward,
and hardly thickened ; it is slightly but distinctly reflected, and
the canal is slightly recurved. Long. of shell, 5°62; of last
whorl, 50; of aperture, 4°0. Lat. of shell, 3°0;. of aperture,
1-37 mm.
Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

M. rorticuna, Dall.

Shell slender, shining, grayish waxen white, of about five
whorls ; spire roundly pointed, slender, covered in the adult with
a complete coat of translucent glaze almost obscuring the sutures ;
last whorl somewhat appressed between the junction of the outer
lip and the suture; turns somewhat laxly coiled; surface per-
fectly smooth; axis laterally curved, with the convexity to the
left, so that the spire and the canal both point to right of a
straight line when the shell is in its natural position ; aperture
long and narrow; columella with four very oblique folds, of
which the one behind the anterior fold is a little the most
prominent ; outer lip simple, not reflected, slightly thickened, and
produced posteriorly, inwardly convex and externally concave
in correspondence with the bent axis ; aperture widest anteriorly,
making the canal very open; no callus on the body-whorl, which
is joined by the outer lip at an exceedingly acute angle. Long.
of shell, 11:5; of last whorl, 9°75; of aperture, 8:0; Max. lat. of
shell, 3°75; medium lat. of aperture, 1:0 mm.

Station 5, Lat. 24°15’, Long. 76°49',5, in 229 and
152 fms., soft coral ooze, West Indies.

The only shells normally arcuated in this manner which occur
to me are some species of Hulima. The twist gives the shell a
very peculiar and highly characteristic appearance (Dall).

OLIVIDA, OLIVINE.

G1

j—

at Family OLIVID&.

Animal with a recurved siphon, and voluminous foot, its lobes
usually reflexed over the sides of the shell, and fissured on each
side in front. Dentition 1:1:1, the rhachidian teeth broad, the
laterals versatile. Operculum corneous, small, present or wanting.

Shell brilliantly colored, porcellanous, without epidermis, the
columellar lip, sutures and spire more or less covered with a
callous deposit; outer lip simple, aperture obliquely notched
below.

Subfamily Olivine.—Head and tentacles more or less con-
cealed ; mantle with a tapering lobe in front, and an appendage
behind which reposes in the channeled suture.

The operculum is present in Olivella, absent in Oliva.

Shell solid, smooth, subeylindrical; sutures channeled ; inner
lip more or less plicate anteriorly. Several figures of the animals
of Oliva are given on Pl. 1; also the animal without its shell,
Pl. 3, fig. 31; anatomy, Pl. 3, fig. 21. For explanation of the
latter see Reference to Plates.

Subfamily Ancillarvine.—Head concealed ; eyes none; tenta-
cles rudimentary ; mantle with a tapering lobe in front; foot
voluminous, bifid behind, shield-grooved on the upper surface,
side-lobes not much produced.

Operculum small, ovate, acute, sometimes entirely wanting.

Shell usually polished; sutures covered by callus; whorls
smooth; aperture effuse, the columella variously grooved and
twisted in front.

Subfamily Harpinzw.—Head and tentacles exposed ; eyes con-
spicuous ; mantle simple, enclosed, without a tapering appendage
in front; foot large, flat, not reflexed on the sides of the shell.

No operculum.

Shell large, ventricose, longitudinally ribbed ; columellar lip
without anterior plications or grooves.

Subfamily OLIVIN 4.

Synopsis of Genera.
OLIVELLA, Swainson.
Animal without tentacles or eyes; mantle with a large frontal lobe ;
foot not very voluminous. truncate behind, the shield narrow, the side-
lobes small and acute. Operculum horny, thin; half-ovate, with apical

60 OLIVIN A.

nucleus. Shell oliviform, polished ; spire produced, acute, suture canal-
iculated ; aperture narrow behind, enlarged anteriorly ; columella plicated
in front, callous posteriorly. Dentition, Pl. 12, fig. 14.

Oxrva, Brug.

Tentacles enlarged at the base ; mantle with a posterior filament lodged
in the channeled suture of the spire; foot long and acuminate behind,
shield with the side-lobes tapering, acute, small. Operculum none. Shell
oblong, subeylindrical, polished ; spire short, conic ; suture canaliculated ;
aperture long and narrow, anteriorly widely notched ; columella obliquely
plicate, suleate or striate in front, posteriorly callous; outer lip simple.
Dentition, Pl. 2, fig. 12.

Subgenus LAMPRODOMA, Swainson.

Spire acuminate, elevated, suture canaliculated ; inner lip simple poste-
riorly, but regularly numerously plicate anteriorly, the plice more
transverse than in the typical group.

Subgenus CALLIANAX, H. and A. Adams.

Shell swollen, ovate, with short conical spire and channeled sutures ;
aperture wide, effuse in front ; inner lip with a very thick, defined callus,
and a few, frequently indistinct, anterior plaits.

Subgenus AGAROonNIA, Gray.

Shell thin, oliviform, but a little effuse anteriorly ; spire acuminate,
suture channeled ; aperture rather wide, effuse anteriorly ; columella not
thickened posteriorly, tumid, with a few oblique plaits in front. Operculum
distinct. Tortoliva, Conrad ; 7. Texana, Conr. (P1. 3, fig. 30), isa synonym
of Agaronia. It is an eocene fossil from Texas. Dentition, Pl. 2, fig. 13.

Subgenus OLIVANCILLARIA, d’Orbigny.

Head and tentacles concealed; mantle with a large, thick, fleshy
appendage behind, partly covering the spire; foot very voluminous,
truncate posteriorly, shield with the side-lobes very large and rounded.
Operculum present, small, half ovate, with subapical nucleus.

Shell smooth, wide oblong, last whorl swollen; spire very short, the
suture not canaliculated to the apex; aperture rather large and wide,
inner lip somewhat tortuous, with a large callosity behind, incurved in
the middle, and two or three oblique anterior plaits.

The last three subgenera appear to connect the typical Olives with the
Ancillariz, in a regular series of stages of both animal and shell, as well
as in the presence or an operculum.

PLOCHEL&A, Gabb.

Shell olive-shaped, suture nearly obsolete as in Ancillaria; aperture
linear, deeply and obliquely notched at the base, as in Dibaphus ; outer
lip thickened internally in the middle ; inner lip callous and having
several transverse folds, of which the upper are the smallest ; columella
strongly recurved at the base. P. crassilabra, Gabb. Pl. 3, fig. 22,
Tertiary, W. Indies.

ANCILLARIINZ, HARPINA. 61

Subfamily ANCILLARIIN&.

MonoptyeMa, Lea.

Shell with elevated spire and callous columella, the latter with a
snbcentral conical tooth like callous projection. MM. Alabamiensis, Lea
(Pl. 3, fig. 23', Eocene, Alabama.

ANCILLARIA, Lam.

Shell oblong or subcylinarical, thick and smooth in the typical species ;
body-whorl usually swollen, sutures covered by enamel ; aperture broadly
effuse below; culumella typically not umbilicated, with a few oblique
anterior plaits. ‘lhe revolving basal groove ends occasionally in a slight
anterior labral projection or tooth. The shell may be distinguished from
the Olives by the spire being covered with callus in the former, whilst in
the latter the suture is canaliculate. Ancillopsis, Conrad (A. scamba, Pl.
3, fig. 26; A. altile, Pl. 3, fig. 27), isasynonym of Ancillaria. The types are
eocene fossils from Alabama. Dentition, Pl. 2, figs. 15, 16.

Subgenus OLivuLa, Conrad.

Shell decussated by distinct, close longitudinal and revolving strie ;
spire covered by a longitudinally striate callous deposit, forming a raised
band upon the suture of the body-whorl ; aperture posteriorly channeled.
Fossil only. 0. staminea, Conr., Eocene, Ala. \ Pl. 3, figs. 24, 25).

Subgenus ANOLACTIA. Gray.

Shell oblong-ovate, thin ; body-whorl swollen, irregularly covered wich
slight revolving striz ; spire very stort, callous.

The thinness of the shell, form of body-whorl and short shouldered
spire remind one of the genus Cymba.

Subgenus Dipsaccus, Klein.

Shell solid, polished ; columellar lip twisted, separated from the body-
whorl by a tortuous fissure, opening into the umbilicus above ; outer lip
with a slight tooth in front.

Subfamily HARPIN As.

Harpa, Lam.

Shell oval, the body-whorl very ventricose ; spire very short, with acute
apex ; whorls longitudinally plicated at intervals, the plications ending
in sharp points on the shoulder; aperture oblong, large, broadly emargi-
nate below; columella without folds. No operculum. Dentition, P1.
2, fig. 17.

The figure, copied from Troschel, is from a young Harpa only an inch
in length, and the lingual ribbon is in this genus very minute compared
with the size of the animal. Troschel was not able to see any lateral
teeth, but Macdonald, who only observed them towards the posterior
extremity, records that they are very similar to those of Oliva. Other
observers have not found a trace of lingual armature, and it is possibly
only developed in the young animal.

62 : * - OLIVINA.

Subfamily OLIVIN A.

Four illustrated monographies of the Olives have been pub-
lished. The earliest one is that of Duclos, forming part of
Chenu’s “ Illustrations Conchyliologiques;” next followed Reeve,
in the “ Conchologica Iconica,” vol. vi, issued in 1851. In 1870-71
F. P. Marrat contributed an’ elaborate monograph to Sowerby’s
“Thesaurus Conchyliorum,” beautifully illustrated by Mr.
Sowerby. Mr. Marrat, who does not believe in species, has,
unfortunately, in this group as in Nassa, illustrated his views by
naming and describing a number of forms which certainly are
not species. Sowerby, in the reference to Plate 1, says: ‘ Mr.
Marrat’s intention is rather to produce evidence than to decide
upon the value of specific differences. In his study of affinities,
he has been led to register, and nominally to admit, as species
many forms which will perhaps appear to readers, as they do to
the editor, quite undistinguishable.” The latest and best mono-
graph is that of Dr. H. C. Weinkauff, completed in 1878, and
forming a portion of Kuster’s ‘“‘ Conchylien Cabinet.” Dr. Wein-
kauff also published a systematic catalogue of the species, in the
“ Jahrbucher der Deutsch. Malak. Gesell.,” in which he attempts
to arrange the species in accordance with their natural affinities
and to separate them into groups—which appear to possess some
value. I have mainly followed this catalogue in the present
monography; adding, however, a number of specific names
overlooked by Weinkauff.

H. and A. Adams and Dr. J. E. Gray have both proposed
elaborate series of genera and subgenera of the Olivine ; most
of them, whilst serving to separate specified types, failing en-
tirely to furnish distinctive characters for other species which
are intermediate in form. Such names will be registered in my
synonymic index, scarcely requiring more particular mention
here. I have reversed the usual order of succession of the
groups by commencing with the smallest species of the Olives,
and proceeding through the Ancillariz to the Harp-shells: my
motive for this is to place next in succession to the Marginellze
those shells which, in size at least, most nearly approach them.

The Olives are exclusively tropical animals.

’

OLIVELLA. 63

A number of fossil species have been described; they com-
mence in the Eocene period.

The mantle of the Olive is small, its edges applied to the
margin of the aperture, and terminating in a posterior filament
which, coiling in the channeled suture of the spire, appears to
be useful in keeping the mantle in place. The sides of the foot
are wide and reflected more or less on each side over the back
of the shell. Asin some other mollusks having similarly formed
shells, the animal possesses the power of absorbing away the
earlier volutions in order to make space for its growth; it also
protects the at first very thin embryonal whorls by internal cal-
cification, so that the extreme tip of the spire becomes solid.

At Mauritius, Olives are fished with a line having three or
four strings attached, each baited with pieces of fish. This line
is thrown into the sea and allowed to remain until the mollusks
have become well settled to their feast, and then drawn in. The
Polynesian Islanders use the smaller species extensively for the
manufacture of ornaments such as_ bracelets, girdles, etc.,
piercing them at the spire and then stringing them. They
prefer pure white shells for this purpose, and cause the colored
markings to disappear by application of heat. Mr.John Brazier,
of Sydney, New South Wales, has recently sent me specimens of
the beautiful O. Australis, thus treated by the natives of New
Guinea—they might readily be mistaken for a distinct species.

Olivella biplicata, Sby., appears to have been used as money
by the Californian Indians, under the name of col-col, and is
still manufactured into necklaces by them.*

Genus OLIVELLA, Swainson.

Olivella is distinguished from Oliva by the small size of its
shell and more produced spire, by the presence of a large, thin,
horny operculum, and the want of eyes. Dr. Paul Fischer has
recently attempted to show that another distinction arises from
the absorption of the internal whorls of the shell, in the Olivella,
as in Auricula, this absorption not taking place in the typical
Olives ; however, in O. reticularis I have found the interior walls
absorbed away so that very little of their substance remains,

* $tearns, Am. Natualist, xi, 344.

64 OLIVELLA.

and I presume that it will prove to be the fact that all shells
with close volutions are similarly absorbed internally.

The Olivelle affect sandy localities, burying themselves
beneath the surface, upon which they leave no trace. D’Orbigny
has observed O. T-huelchana suddenly expand the lobes of its
foot, and using them to beat the water like the wings of the
pteropods, shoot rapidly through the element.

I follow Weinkauff in considering Lamprodoma and Callianax
subgenera of Oliva, but I cannot follow him in dividing what is
left of Olivella into three groups characterized by the extent
and thickness of the columellar callus; that character being
decidedly of gradual development through the series of species.
O. VERREAUXI, Ducros. PI. 14, fig. 41, 42.

Purplish white or yellowish white, with distant, longitudinal,
zigzag purple stripes. Length, 5-7 mill.

West Indies
The spire is more produced than in the usual form of O.

nitidula, the stripes are larger and more distant, there are no
traces of bands and it has not the fasciculated markings at the
suture and base so common in nitidula; still, it is possibly a
variety of that protean species. It is the O. mutica of Reeve, in
part, and probably O. mica, Duclos (fig. 42); the latter name
has priority, but the identification is not certain.

O. mutica, Say. PI. 14, figs. 43-55.

White, yellowish, bluish ash or deep chocolate, when very
dark, the color results from the coalescence of three bands of
chocolate-brown, which appear upon the lighter colored, typical
specimens ; these bands vary in width, the centre one being
usually the broadest; sometimes they are all so broad as to
appear to be the ground-color, the narrow interspaces forming
two white bands. The spire is produced. Length, 10-16 mill.

North Carolina to West Indies.

With the typical form I unite O. pusdlla, Marrat (figs. 45, 46),
and O. rufifasciata, Reeve (fig. 47).

Var. nitiputa, Dillwyn. Figs. 48-55.

Spire shorter, shell comparatively wider, bands very faint or
obsolete ; yellowish or pink-brown with a chocolate or chestnut
band at the suture and another bordering the fasciole; these

OLIVELLA. 65

bands, in fine specimens, give rise to or break up into fascicles
of brown stripes, which are either short, or connected in a zig-
zag manner over the body-whorl. Length, 10 mill.
South Carolina to Brazil.

Ordinarily the distinction of form and coloring serves perfectly
to distinguish this from the typical form, yet there occur,although
not plentifully, intermediate shells. The stumpy shape of O.
nitidula is accompanied by a heavy deposit of callus on the colu-
mella, which does not occur in the typical form: very probably
this difference in growth is due to the surroundings of the mollusk.
There is great variation in the development of denticles upon
the columella in both forms, these being few or obsolete in some
specimens and very numerous in others, occupying nearly the
whole length of the inner lip. The following appear to be syno-
nyms of the variety: O. zigzag, Duclos (figs. 50,51), O. fimbriata,
Reeve (fig. 52), O. micula, Marrat (fig. 53), O. miliola, d’Orb.
(fig. 54), which appears to be the young, and O. strigata, Reeve
(fig. 55).

O, MANDARINA, Duclos. PI. 14, figs. 56, 57.

Spire rather elevated, inner lip with a strong callous deposit
above, extending upwards to the spire; yellowish white, painted
with zigzag longitudinal brown stripes, sometimes spotted or _

fasciculated below the suture. Length, 10 mill.
China.

I am not acquainted with this species; it appears to be nearly
allied to the preceding, but of more solid build. The locality
has not been confirmed, and the more recent monographs have
simply copied Duclos. O. Tunguina, Duclos (fig. 57), is evidently
a synonym, but Marrat has erroneously identified with it a
specimen of the typical O. mutica.

O. RosaLIna, Duclos. PI. 14, figs. 58-60.

Shell flesh-color with distant zigzag brown markings; colu-

mella tinged with rose-color. Length, 7 mill.
West Indies.

I am unacquainted with this species, which, except in its
columella being colored, does not seem to differ from O. Verreauxt,
Ducros. O. Sowerbyi, Ducros (fig. 59), and O. Volutelloides,
Marrat (fig. 60), are synonyms.

9

66 OLIVELLA.

O. petro“ita, Duclos. Pl. 14, figs. 61-63.

Yellowish white, fasciculated and reticulated with chestnut-

color, and with a narrow chestnut ao ane band upon the
fasciole. Length 12-18 mill.
West Coast of America, from Punama to Mazatlan.

Mack resembles large specimens of O. mutica, Say, var.
nitidula, from the West Indies; but the markings in the typical
specimens are irregularly reticulated instead of zigzag. I unite
with it O. intorta, Carpenter (fig. 62), and O. mica, Marrat, not
Duclos (fig. 63).

Var. AUREOCINCTA, Carp.

Having an orange zone beneath the suture, appearing purplish
within the aperture.

This zone is probably made up of fasciculations worn yellowish
on a beach-rolled specimen. I have not seen an authentic
example of it and it has not been figured.

O. TeRGINA, Duclos. PI. 14, fig. 67.

Marked like O. petiolita, but more vividly ; distinguished from
it by its swollen, blunt spire, and by being somewhat more effuse

at the base. Length, 12-15 mill.
Acapulco, Mazatlan.

O. pLANA, Marrat. PI. 14; fig. 64.
Shell white, solid, with a heavy callous deposit on the inner

lip. Length, 7 mill.
Habitat unknoitn.

This may be a white variety of the last species, perhaps; it
has no distinctive characters and might readily enter several
species.

O. Estuer, Duclos. Pl. 14, figs. 65, 66.

Shell heavy, with short spire, and strong callus on the upper
part of the columella. Yellowish white, fasciculated with chest-
nut at the suture, with a chestnut band upon the fasciole, and
minute longitudinal zigzag markings of the same color upon the
body-whorl. Length, 6 mill.

Habitat unknown.

A shorter, heavier form than O. petiolita, judging from the
figure, yet doubtfully distinct: the shells usually known under

OLIVELLA. 67

this name are certainly O. petiolita. O. columba, Duclos (fig.
66), may be considered an uncolored variety of this species.

O. zonatis, Lam. Pl. 15, fig. 69.
White, with three chestnut revolving bands, about same width

as the interspaces. Length, 5—6 mill.
Mazatlan.

O. zanoeta, Duclos (fig. 69), appears to be a larger specimen or
magnified figure of this species.

O. COLUMELLARIS, Sowb. PI. 15, figs. 70-73.

Acuminately ovate, the spire exserted, base broadly effused ;
eolumellar lip with heavy callus extending to the top of the
body-whorl; commencing at the suture are a number of close,
fine, longitudinal strize, which extend longitudinally to near the
centre of the body-whorl, where they become obsolete, and the
rest of the whorl is polished; spire and fasciole white, body-
whorl almost covered by three broad chestnut or plum-colored
bands, the two dividing interspaces of yellowish white being
quite narrow. Length, 12-15 mill.

Payta, Peru, in tine sand at low water (Cuming);
W. Columbia; Panama.

O. semistriata, Gray (fig. 71), O. attenuata, Reeve (fig. 72), and
O. affinis, Marrat (fig. 73), are synonyms.

O. NIVEA, Gmelin. PI. 15, figs. 74-88.

Acuminately oblong, the spire much exserted; body-whorl
fasciculated with pink at the suture and at the border of the
broad fasciole, with pink maculations, more or less distinct
upon the intermediate surface. Length, -6—-9 inch.

Bahamas ; West Indies ; Brazil.

Distinguished from O. mutica, Say, by its larger size, more
elevated spire, and (usually) maculated instead of zigzag mark-
ings. The synonymy is enormous, including O. eburnea, Lam.,
O. parvula, Mart. (fig. 75), O. oryza, Lam. (founded on immature,
colorless examples), O. Guildingi, Reeve (fig. 76), O. monilifera,
Reeve (fig. 77), O. pulchella, Reeve (fig. 78), O. dealbata, Reeve
(fig. 79), O. rubra, Marrat (fig. 80), O. fulgida, Reeve (fig. 81),
O. inconspicua, Marrat (fig. 82), O. Reevet, Ducros (fig. 83),
O. diadocus, Ads. and Reeve (fig. 84), O. cuneata, Marr. (fig. 85),
having a more than usually produced spire, O. scurra, Marr.

68 OLIVELLA.

(fig. 86), with two revolving series of maculations, often seen
upon immature specimens, O. myriadina, Marrat, not Duclos
(fig. 87), O. miliacea, Marrat (fig. 88), and O. lactea, Marrat.

O. MyRIADINA, Duclos. PI. 15, fig. 90.

Spire prominent, showing six whorls; pure white.

Length, 3-4 mill.

Panama.

This is the smallest of the Olivellas, yet the number of whorls
and form of the shell indicate maturity. Duclos gives no locality,
but I venture to identify with his species the unfigured O. incon-
spicua, C. B. Ad., from Panama; a species which has been mis-
understood by Marrat and Kuster—as has also been myriadina.

O. JASPIDEA, Gmelin. Pl. 15, figs. 91-94.

Yellowish white, closely fasciculated with dark chestnut at the
sutures, and frequently above the fasciole also; intermediate
surface closely reticulated and punctated, fasciole strigated with
bright chestnut. Length, 12-18 mill.

West Indies.

O. piperita, Marr. (figs. 93, 94), is based on water-worn
specimens.

O. TEHUELCHANA, d’Orb. PI. 15, figs. 95-97; Pl. 16, fig. 1;-PIOV,
fig. 6.
Pellucid white, with an opaque zone at the suture.
Length, 12-15 mill.
San Blas, Patagonia.
With this I unite O. bullula, Reeve (fig. 1), said to be West
Indian, and O. pura, Reeve (fig. 97).

O. rtorALIA, Duclos. Pl. 15, fig. 98; Pl. 16, figs. 99, 100, 2,3.

Shell narrow, with acuminated spire; spire yellowish- or
chestnut-tipped, body-whorl white, or with nearly obsolete,
distant chestnut zigzag markings. Length, 8-10 mill.

West Indies.

Distinguished from O. jaspidea and O. nivea by its narrow
form and elongated spire. It is the O. oryza of Duclos, not
Lamarck, and O. alba (fig. 98), and O. elongata (figs. 99, 100),
of Marrat.

OLIVELLA. 69

if O. tePra, Duclos. Pl. 16, figs. 4-11; Pl. 17, fig. 52.

Narrow, with elongated spire; a narrow chestnut line or row
of spots beneath the suture, a more distinct interrupted line at
the margin of the fasciole, and the intermediate space with
zigzag longitudinal lines, base of shell chestnut.

Length, 8 mill.

China Sea; Japan; Philippines.

With this species I include O. consobrina, Lischke (unfigured),
O. fabula, Marrat (figs. 5, 6 , O. lanceolata, Rve. (figs. 7, 8), O.
pulicaria, Marrat (fig. 9), O. exilis, Marr. (fig. 10), O. fulgurata,
Ad. and Reeve (fig. 11), and O. pellucida, Rve. (fig. 52).

O. Fortuner, Adams. PI. 16, figs. 12-15.

Widely fusiform, maculated or covered with zigzag longitu-
dinal chestnut markings, fasciculated at the sutures.

Length, 8 mill.

China; Japan.

Very similar to the last species in markings, but differing in
form. I can see no good reason to separate O. pulchra, Marr.
(fig. 14), a species described without locality, and I agree with
Weinkauff that the unfigured O. signata, Lischke, is also very
closely allied. Perhaps O. spreta, Gould, may belong here; the
author never figured it and the type, I suppose, was destroyed
by fire, in Chicago ; I give a figure which E. A. Smith identifies —
with this. species (fig. 15).
O. LEUcozontAs, Gray. PI. 16, figs. 16, 17.

, Orange-yellow, with zigzag chestnut lines and maculations, a
white band at the suture, spotted with chestnut, and another
white band below the middle of the shell. Length, 12-15 mill.

Senegal.

O. AnAzorA, Duclos. PI. 16, figs 19-23.

Markings similar to those of the two preceding species, with
a form about intermediate between them. I am not able to give
any better distinction than the very different locality ; indeed,
the probability is that the future conchologist, with specimens
from more numerous stations, will be able to reduce the number
of species of Olivella to a very few, each of them presenting
certain types of variation in form and coloring.

Length, 8-13 mill.
Xipivapi, W. Columbia; Acapulco; Mazatlan.

70 OLIVELLA.

With this I unite O. pulla, Marr. (fig. 19), O. versicolor, Marr.
(figs. 20,21), O. compta, Marr. (fig. 22). O. Capensis, Sowb. (fig.
23), said to come from the Cape of Good Hope, can only be
separated by its doubtful locality.

O. PUELCHANA, d’Orbigny. PI. 16, figs. 24, 25; Pl. 1, fig. 1.

Violet-brown, more or less maculated, with a narrow white
band above the brown-tinted fasciole, and a wider band, macu-
lated with brown, below the suture; aperture dark-colored
within. Length, 12-15 mill.

San Blas, Patagonia (V’ Orb); Carthagena, Centr. Am.? (Reeve).

I fear that this is no more than an extreme color-variety of
the preceding species. O. cyanea, Reeve, is a synonym, not
differing in any respect.

O. UNDATELLA, Lam. PI. 16, fig. 18; Pl. 17, figs. 35-38; Pl. 33,
fig. 31.

Ash-gray, with zigzag chestnut markings, distinct or obsolete,
but forming two well-marked revolving bands by the color
becoming more emphasized ; a yellow band marked with chestnut
beneath the sutures ; fasciole yellowish, strigated with chestnut ;
interior and base of columella chocolate-colored.

Length, -5—8 inch.
Panama t» Mazatlan.

The above description is that of the typical coloration, but the
variation in color and markings is so great that it is wonderful
that a number of species have not been separated from it. One
of the principal variations is a pure white, with indefinite
cloudings, maculations or zigzags of chocolate ; another white,
with pink longitudinal zigzag markings, etc. Fig. 31 represents
O. nedulina, Duclos.

O. eracitis, Brod. and Sowb. PI, 16, fig. 26; Pl. 17, fig. 27.
Shell rather slender, with elevated spire, and somewhat effuse
below ; yellowish fawn, with light chestnut zigzag markings and

maculations. Length, *7—9 inch.
Mazatlan; Lower California.

Distinguished from O. Anazora, which inhabits the same
region, by its more slender form, elevated spire, greater size and
lighter color. O. tenuis, Marrat (fig. 27), is probably a juvenile
of this species, ;

OLIVELLA. 7)

O. B&tTicA, Carpenter. Pl. 17, figs. 28-31, 34.

Spire moderately elevated, sharp-pointed, body-whorl oval;
red-brown or gray, fasciculated upon a white band at the suture;
body-whorl maculated or with zigzag markings, and sometimes
a white central band, fasciole white, tip of spire frequently dark-
tinted. Length, -75—1 inch.

Coast of California.

W. M. Gabb identifies this species with the post-pliocene
O. Pedroana, Conrad (fig. 30), which would have priority, if
identical; a still earlier published name is O. alectona, Duclos
(fig. 34), but Iam not convinced that it is the same species.
O. nota, Marrat (fig. 31), said to come from Vancouver’s Island,
may be referred to the present species with more confidence.
O. betica, is a larger, somewhat more swollen form than
O. Anazora, but not very different.

O. pAMA, Mawe. PI. 17, fig. 39.

Spire and fasciole yellowish white, the former ash-tipped, the
latter sometimes bearing a band of chestnut maculations, body-
whorl long-fasciculated at the suture and closely reticulated over
the balance of the surface; interior of aperture and columella

violet. Length, -6—1 inch.
Guaymas, Mazatlan.

This may prove to be a very solid variety of O. betica, Carp.,
yet possesses distinctive characters in its solidity, shorter spire
and violet aperture.

O. putcuEtta, Duclos. Pl. 17, fig. 40.

A solid shell, sparingly marked with zigzag brown lines, and
maculate below the suture. Length, -18 mill.
Cape Blanco, W. Africa.
A doubtful species from a doubtful locality. Weinkauff
considers it identical with O. lewcozonias, Gray, with which it
appears to me to have but little incommon. To me it looks
more like a worn specimen of O. dama.

O. exquisira, Angas. Pl. 17, figs. 32, 33, 41.

Brownish yellow, with three rows of rather distant irregular
chestnut maculations, connected by undulating longitudinal
lines, which cover the fasciole. Length, 8-12 mill.

N.S. Wales, Australia.

-T
bo

OLIVA, LAMPRODOMA.

I think it almost certain that O. Brazieri, Angas (fig. 41), is
merely a larger, less distinctly marked variety of the same
species.

QO. TriticEA, Duclos. Pl. 17, figs. 42-44.

Yellowish white, with three revolving rows of chestnut-brown

maculations. Length, 10 mill.
New Guinea (Duclos); Port Jackson, Australia,
5 fathoms (Ad. and Ang.).

O. pardalis, Adams and Angas (fig. 44), is a synonym.

O. tEUcozona, Ad and Ang. PI. 17, fig. 45.

Yellowish brown, longitudinally reticulated with chestnut,
with a bluish white band above the fasciole, tinged with chestnut
at the base. Length, 15 mill.

Port Juckson, Australia, 6 fathoms.

Besides the difference in painting, this species has a longer
spire and is larger than O. triticea.

O. nympHA, Ad. and Angas. PI. 17, fig. 46.
Spire elevated ; semipellucid white, with an opaque white band
at the suture. Length, 10 mill.
Port Stephens, N. S. Wales, 5 fathoms (Angas); Mauritius
(B. 8. Lyman); Sydney, NV. S Wales, 25 fms. (Brazier).
O. stIMPLEX, Pease, PI. 17, figs. 47, 48.
Pure white, shining. Length, 4-5 mill. ,
Upolu and Tongataboo, Polynesia.

O. nitens, Dunker (fig. 48), is a synonym.

O. AustRALIS, Tenison-W oods. Australia.

I have not seen the description of this species. It is unfigured.

Genus OLIVA, Brug.
Subgenus Lamprodoma, Swainson.

IT commence with this small group rather than with the typical
Olives, because it appears to connect the latter with Olivella.

Seven species are enumerated by Weinkauff, and one only of
these has the characteristic numerous transverse ridges on the
fasciole; the others may be referred to Olivella. 0. volutella is
found in vast numbers over many acres on the sandy beach west
of the city of Panama; most numerous where the beach has a

OLIVA. iS

gentle slope midway between high- and low-water mark. Some
time after the retreat of the tide, it is found crawling about with
much vivacity on the wet sand. The shell, while the animal is
moving, is wholly covered with the foot-lobes, and these are
entirely concealed with a thick coat of sand. When the first
wave of the returning tide strikes them, washing off their coat
of sand, they instantly bury themselves.*

O. VOLUTELLA, Lam. PI. 17, figs. 49-51.

Yellowish, bluish gray, chestnut- or chocolate-colored ; the
spire and fasciole often yellowish and the body-whorl darker-
colored ; the latter sometimes faintly marked with longitudinal
zigzag strigations ; interior of aperture yellowish to chocolate-
brown. Length, °75—1:25 inches.

Panama to Gulf of California.

O. rasamola, Duclos (fig. 51), and O. selasia, Duclos, are syn-
onyms; the latter founded on a water-worn specimen.

wt

Genus OLIVA. (7ypica/.)

The Olives form a very distinct group of mollusks, partaking
in the form, and porcellanous coating of their shells, in the
character of Cyprzea on one side and the Volutes on the other
side. Like most shells enveloped in the voluminous foot of the
animal, the Oliva has no epidermis, and to the same circumstance
is to be attributed the want of an operculum. The shell has an
under Jayer with different pattern of coloring, but this is never
exposed, unless in worn specimens, or else artificially by the aid
of acids; hence it is evident that, unlike the Cyprza, which
changes its pattern upon becoming mature, the two layers in
Oliva are simultaneously produced at all stages of its growth.

The Olives are tropical in distribution, the species usually
being somewhat restricted in geographical area. They live on
sandy flats, burrowing under the surface as the tide retires;
they are very active, moving with considerable quickness.

Many of the species are immediately recognized by peculiar,
unvarying patterns of coloring; others, again, vary so greatly
in this respect that it is almost impossible to define them satis-
factorily.

* Adams, Ann. N. Y. Lye., 281, 1852.
10

74 OLIVA.

O. porpuyria, Linn. PI. 18, fig. 53.

Flesh-color, angularly marked with some large, and many
small, crowded, deep chestnut lines; fasciole tinged with violet,
with chestnut maculations; interior of aperture and columella

yellowish flesh-color. Length, 4 inches.
Panama to Mazatlan.

Sometimes very faintly, broadly two- or three-banded with
bluish ash.

O. SPLENDIDULA, Sowb. PI. 18, fig. 54.

Flesh-color, with two broad, interrupted brown bands composed
of triangular markings and reticulations, the intermediate surface
covered with fainter maculations and spots; base tinged with
violet, interior yellowish flesh-color. Length, 2 inches.

Panama.
O. Peruviana, Lam. PI. 18, figs. 55-58.

Shell thick, gibbous, with sometimes a slightly angulated
shoulder; flesh-color, covered with numerous chestnut spots,
disposed to coalesce into close zigzag longitudinal markings,
or into larger and more distant zigzags ; sometimes the markings
are entirely absent, in others the entire surface is more or less
covered with chestnut. Length, 2 inches.

Peru and Chili.
O. EpIscopALis, Lam. PI. 18, figs. 59,60; Pl. 19, figs. 61-63.

White, with chestnut spots and maculations having ash-colored
shadings, and sometimes indistinct ashy bands; interior of
aperture deep violet. Length, 1-5-2°25 inches.

Indian Ocean ; N. Australia; N. Caledonia to Central Pacific.

Constantly distinguished by its violet interior. O. lugubris,
Lam. (fig. 60), is a dark-colored variety ; O. quersolina (fig. 59),
and QO. atalina, Duclos (fig. 62), are pale or faded specimens.
O. fulva, Marrat (fig. 63), is pink with light red spots and
indistinct bands, roseate within the aperture: I agree with Dr.
Weinkauff that it is probably only a variation of O. episcopalis.

O. guttaTA, Lam. Pl. 19, figs. 64-67.
Cream- to flesh-color, with large or small bluish ash-colored
spots varying to chestnut or shaded with both colors; suture

OLIVA. 15

and fasciole spotted or streaked with chocolate or violet ; interior
of aperture orange-red. Length, 1°5—2°25 inches.

Indian Ocean, China, Philippines, Polynesia, Madagascar, Zanzibar.

O. cruenta, Sol., and O. emicator, Meusch., have priority over
O. guttata, but the latter name is so well known that it seems
inadvisable to change it. O. mantichora, Ducl. (fig. 67), is a
monstrous condition of this species, not uncommon among
Olives.

O. RuFULA, Duclos. PI. 20, fig. 79.

Fawn-colored, crossed diagonally or transversely by dark
chestnut bands formed by the coalescence of trigonal markings ;
aperture white within. Length, | inch.

Philippines, Moluccas.

O. InFLATA, Lam. PI. 19, figs. 68-70; Pl. 20, figs. 71-76.

Shell swollen, becoming gibbous in the middle in old specimens,
the spire partially sunken below the edge of the body-whorl, the
latter produced behind, with a heavy callous deposit; outer lip
sometimes enormously thickened ; fasciole with a heavy callous
ridge, independent of the columellar plaits; color white or
yellowish, more or less dotted, blotched or banded, or lightning-
streaked with brown-orange, chestnut, chocolate or bluish ash,
sometimes variegated with two or three colors at once, sometimes
almost or entirely covered with dark color, occasionally pure
white ; aperture white within. Length, 15-2 inches.

Red Sea; Ceylon; EH. Africa; Madagascar ; Seychelles.

The variability of this species in coloring is exceedingly great.
When old, the best characters are derived from the inflated form,
sunken spire, callous thickenings and columellar ridge; but less
developed specimens are so close to some of the succeeding
species that their distinction appears to be somewhat doubtful.

O. lacertina, Quoy (figs. 75, 76), is a somewhat peculiarly
colored young shell of this species; I have a similar specimen
before me.

QO. TienInA, Lam. PI. 20, figs. 77, 78, 80.

Light yellowish or ash-color, profusely marked with small blue-
gray spots, occasionally coalescing into short zigzags; aperture
and columella white within. Length, 1:75-2:25 inches.

Ceylon ; Java; Philippines ; Hast Africa.

T6 OLIVA.

The markings are similar to varieties of the preceding species,
from which it is somewhat doubtfully distinguished by its less
inflated form, spire not so much sunken, fasciole without the
callous ridge, ete. As in inflata, the color varies, but not so
frequently, perhaps; I figure a dark-hued specimen (fig. 78).
O. glandiformis, Marr. (fig. 80), is at least identical as to the
figure I copy ; the two additional figures given by Marrat appear
to be more similar to O. elegans, Lam.

O. ELEGANS, Lam. PI. 20, figs. 81-83; Pl. 21, figs. 84-88.

Shell olive, or brownish yellow, closely covered with zigzag
lines or punctations, or both, varying from chocolate to nearly
black, and frequently shaded with orange, and bluish ash ; some-
times there is an overlaid darker series of crowded zigzags
forming two irregular bands, or even almost covering the shell ;
fasciole tinged with saffron-color. Length, 1°5—1-75 inches.

Indian Ocean to Central Polynesia.

Generally smaller, darker-colored and not so much inflated as
O. tigrina, but I have hesitated long whether to treat it as a
synonym of that species or as distinct; its characteristics are
certainly insufficient. I am compelled to place here as synonyms
several so-called species which have heretofore been considered
distinet, but the large number of specimens before me covers
every grade of variation between them; the tinted fasciole
appears to be a feature common to all. These synonyms are
O. flava, Marr. (fig. 83), O. infrenata, Marr. (fig. 84), and
O. Hemiltona, Duclos (fig. 85).

Var. TRICOLOR, Lam. Figs. 86-88.

The zigzag painting is more or less broken up into spots, and
is blue, olive or chocolate shaded with orange, disposed upon a
light ground. This has usually been considered a distinct
species, but is connected with the type by insensible gradations.
O. tringa, Duclos (fig. 88), is probably the young state.

O. catosoma, Duclos. PI. 21, fig. 89.

Pure white, or with slight indications of three bands composed
of occasional triangular brown markings. Length, 27 mill.
China.

OLIVA. Wi)

O. AVELLANA, Lam. PI. 21, fig. 90.
White, with short triangular reddish markings, forming two
interrupted bands; aperture white within. Length, 30-40 mill.
New Guinea.
O. Lecoqurana, Ducros. PI. 21, figs. 92, 93; Pl. 33, fig. 30.

Shell marked and banded with chocolate-colored triangular
markings, as in O. elegans, the fasciole similarly stained with
saffron-color ; form somewhat more bulbous ; interior of aperture
violaceous. Length, 35 mill. :

China

The colored aperture is the best distinctive character. O.
similis, Marrat (fig. 92), appears to be a minor form of this
Species; and QO. calosoma, Marr., not Duclos (fig. 30), is a still
smaller form; O. stellata, Ducl. (fig. 93), may also probably be
referred here.

QO. BULBIFORMIS, Duclos. PI. 21, figs. 94-96.

Shell short and very bulbous, colored as in O. elegans externally,
but the interior of the aperture chocolate-brown, or violaceous
brown. Length, 30 mill.

Solomon Is.; Moluccas.

The form is typically very distinct from all species related in
external coloring, yet I fear that it will be found to graduate
into the preceding species.

O. FUNEBRALIS, Lam. PI. 21, figs. 97-99; Pl. 22, figs. 100-5.

Shell rather more cylindrical than the preceding species, with
the usual color-markings of the group. It differs insufficiently
from O. Lecoquiana in the lower band of the fasciole being deeply
strigated with chocolate; aperture white or slightly bluish or
chocolate within. Length, 1-1°8 inches.

Ceylon ; Moluccas ; New Guinea; Viti Islands.

O. leucostoma, Duclos (figs. 98,99),O. inornata, Marrat (fig. 100),
O. propinqua, Marrat (fig. 1) and O. lutea, Marr. (fig. 2), probably,
are synonyms.

Var. DactyLIoLA, Duclos. Figs. 3-5.

Shell smaller, more regularly marked with zigzag lines and

spots. Length, ‘8-1 inch.

To this form may be united O. picta, Reeve (fig. 4),and probably
O. blanda, Marr. (fig. 5).

TS OLIVA.

QO. MUSTELLINA, Lam. PI. 22, figs. 6-14.

Cylindrical, the aperture long and narrow, the spire very short,
sharp-pointed ; pale yellowish, covered with light chestnut ful-
gurations, interior deep violet. Length, 1-125 inches.

Singapore ; Japan.

Distinguished at once by its cylindrical form, light coloring,
and violet interior. The following may be considered synony-
mous, being mostly slight variations in form, or dead and faded
specimens: O. caroliniana, Duclos (fig. 7), O. angustata, Marr.
(fig. 8), O. levis, Marr. (fig. 9 , probably, O. scitula, Marr. (fig. 10),
O. grata, Marr. (fig. 11), O. Pacifica, Marr. (fig. 12), O. arctata,
Marr. (fig. 18), and O. cana, Marr. (fig. 14). Possibly O. neostina,
Marrat, not Duclos, and O. Jayana, Ducros, also belong here.

O. nEosTINA, Duclos. Pl. 22, figs. 15-20.

Somewhat less cylindrical than O. mustellina and larger; color
varying from light yellowish white to chocolate, the lighter
varieties with zigzag brown lines; aperture white or slightly
bluish within. Length, 1:25-1°5 inches.

Australia ; New Guinea.

This bears some resemblance to the preceding, and is more
closely related to the following species, of which it may possibly
be a minor variety. Iam not at all satisfied as to its claim to
distinctness. O. Octavia, Duclos (fig. 15), is usually considered
synonymous.

O. maurA, Lam. PI. 23, figs. 21-26; Pl. 1, fig.5; Pl. 34, fig. 54.

Light olivaceous, orange-brown, chestnut or chocolate, some-
times nearly black, often more or less distinctly banded with
lines of different shades of the same color, the lighter-colored
specimens especially, frequently marked with chestnut zigzag
lines and spots; interior of aperture and columella white; fasciole
mostly colored with the prevailing tint.

Length, 1°75—-2°25 inches.

Indo-Pacific and Austro-Pacifie Provinces.

One of the commonest and most variable species of the genus.
It may be distinguished from O. tigrina, which it often resembles
greatly in painting, by its larget size and more cylindrical form.
Fig. 26 represents O. Macleaya, Duclos.

OLIVA. 79

O. SANGUINOLENTA, Lam. PI. 23, figs. 27-29; Pl. 24, figs. 30, 33.

Cylindrically oblong, with short, partly sunken spire ; cream-
color or light olive, covered with very numerous, generally minute
and close zigzag chocolate lines and reticulations, and which
often form a subsutural and a median band ; interior of aperture
fleshy white ; columella and fasciole richly marked with orange-
red. Tene. 1-75—2-25 inches.

Mauritius, Indian Ocean, Philippines, New Guleaorin.

The form is the same as in O. maura, but the very close, minute
pattern of coloring and brilliant columella will distinguish it.
O. evania, Duclos (fig. 29), isa synonym, and O. pindamella,
Duclos (fig. 33), is believed to be a young, rubbed specimen of
this species. O. Keeni, Marrat (fig. 30), partakes of the characters
of the next species, but its closest relationship is with O. san-
guinolenta.

QO. I1Rtsans, Lam. PI. 24, figs. 31, 32, 34-42; Pl. 25, figs. 43-49;
Pl. 26, figs. 50-54; Pl. 27, Abe. 55-60 ; PL Ly figs3:

Shell flesh-colored, orange-brown or chocolate, with zigzag
brown lines, shaded with ash and orange, and faintly or inter-
ruptedly two-banded ; fasciole slightly tinged with orange; interior
of aperture white or flesh-color or faintly bluish.

Length, 2-3 inches.

Mauritius, Ceylon, Java, Philippines, Australia, Polynesia.

Reeve, Marrat and Weinkauff have distinguished a number of
species which I am compelled to treat as synonyms, because the
large suite of specimens before me shows that these are partly
merely transition forms and partly distinctions based on size
only. A rather narrow cylindrical and small variety has been
selected for O. trisans (figs. 34-36), and a larger growth, not so
cylindrical, for O. zeilanica, Lam. (fig. 37), with which O. Phi-
lantha, Duclos (fig. 38), is synonymous; O. galeola, Duclos (fig.
39), is also a synonym.

Var. concinNA, Marrat. Figs. 40-45.

A somewhat smaller shell than OQ. irisans, differing principally
in the interior of the aperture being blue or violet. With this
variety must be united O. cylindracea (fig. 42), O. clara, (fig.
43), O. lignaria, (fig. 44), and O. ornata (fig. 45), all of Marrat.

80 OLIVA.

Var. TREMULINA, Lam. Figs. 46-52.

This shows the same range of variation in color as the typical
trisans, and only differs in its greater size and solidity.

Length, 3°5—4 inches.

The synonyms are QO. nobilis, Reeve (fig. 48), O. tenebrosa,
Marr. (fig. 49), O. fumosa, Marr. (fig. 50), and O. olympiadina,
Duclos — O. pica, Lam. (figs. 51, 52).

Var. ERYTHROSTOMA, Lam. PI. 1, fig. 3; Pl. 26, figs. 53, 54; PI.
27, figs. 55-58 ; Pl. 34, fig. 53.

Shell cream- or flesh-color, with violet or red zigzag longitu-
dinal lines, which are very irregular and rather distant, and
frequently shaded with orange; there are two bluish violet
interrupted bands ; interior of aperture bright orange-red.

Length, 2-3 ates

Ordinarily the coloring of this form is sufficiently dices
so that I hesitated whether to give it specific or varietal rank ;
I am induced to favor the latter because a number of specimens
are before me which are intermediate between this and the last
variety : thus, some have the external coloration of erythrostoma,
more or less, with the aperture white within, others are colored
like tremulina (some of them uniform dark chocolate), with the
aperture varying from the faintest blush to deep orange-red.

The synonyms are O. magnifica, Ducros = O. tremulina (in
part), Marrat (fig. 54), O. azemula, Duclos (fig. 55), O. mazaris,
Duclos (fig. 56), O. sylvia, Duclos (figs. 57,58), and O. ponderosa,
Duclos (PI. 34, fig. 53), a thick-growing form.

Var. TEXTILINA, Lam. PI. 27, figs. 59, 60.

Cream-colored, very light yellowish or pink, closely reticulated
by zigzag chestnut markings, usually forming a superior and a
median band of darker reticulations; aperture white or light
flesh-color. Length, 2-3 inches.

This is also typically a very distinct shell, in its close
reticulated pattern and in the bands being formed of darker
reticulations and not of markings confluent into blotches; yet
in some specimens these blotches appear, and in others they
spread more and more so as to form a complete series from the
type to the uniformly chocolate-colored shell ; on the other hand,

OLIVA. Sl

the reticulations become lighter, verging on pink, more sparse,
and so merge into erythrostoma. In describing one of the
varieties of this protean species, Weinkauff predicted that they
would some day all ‘ be placed in one basket ;” this I have been
compelled to do; but I have still retained as varietal the names
of the principal forms.

O. aRANEosA, Lam. PI. 27, figs. 61, 62; Pl. 28, figs. 63-74; PI.
29, figs. 75-83.

Oval-cylindrical, a little constricted around the upper part of
the body-whorl, and sometimes with a faintly angulated shoulder ;
the spire prominent ; cream-color, overlaid with a closely reticu-
lated pattern of brick-red to chocolate, and fasciculations of the
same color at the sutures; interior cream-white or lightly tinted
blue or chocolate. Length, 1°5-2°25 inches.

Panama to Cape St. Lucas L. Cal.

Is a larger, heavier, less cylindrical species than O. reticularis
of the West Indies—of which it is the West Coast representative:
the two are very probably of common derivation. The figures
cited by Lamarck well represent this species—which is better
known under the name of O. Melchersi, Menke. Weinkauff
having restored the Lamarckian name, I follow him, but would
otherwise have hesitated to drop a well-known designation in
favor of one which is in fact almost unknown. The other
synonyms are O. oblonga, Marr. (fig. 63), O. Pindarina, Duclos
(fig. 64), O. subangulata, Phil. (fig. 65), an angulated form, O.
Juscata, Marr. (fig. 66),a dark variety, O. oriola, Duclos (fig. 67),
which is somewhat lighter than fuscata, O. harpularia, Lam.
(fig. 68), described from a worn shell, O. intertincta, Carpenter
(fig. 69), a juvenile, and O. violacea, Marrat (fig. 70).

Var. VENULATA, Lam. Figs. 71-73.

Shell shorter, more swollen around the upper part; spire
shorter; painting usually darker, the reticulated pattern more
or less broken up into nebulous spots. The synonyms are O.
punctata, Marr. (fig. 72), and O. Pindarina, Marr., not Duclos
(fig. 73).

Var. JuLieTT#, Duclos. PI. 29, figs. 74-82; Pl. 21, fig. 91.

Shell very bulbous, with short spire; thick. Length, 2 inches.
11

82 OLIVA.

Typical examples are so different in form from O. araneosa,
while the painting is more nebulous, that they would readily be
distinguished as a species, but intermediate specimens are not
wanting. This form also has several synonyms: O. Timorensis,
Duclos (figs. 75,76), said to come from Timor—which is evidently
an erroneous habitat; one of these specimens is dark colored,
resembling O. Cumingti, Reeve (fig. 77), which must also be
considered a synonym. O. Marizx, Ducros (fig. 78), is a small
specimen apparently, of this species; Kuster figures a larger
shell under the same name (PI. 21, fig. 91); O. obesina, Duclos
(fig. 79), O. porcea, Marrat (fig. 80) and O. graphica, Marr. (fig.81),
are alsato be placed here; and I am inclined to include O. truncata,
Marr. fig. 82), although it is said to come from the Cape of Good
Hope. I believe this habitat to be erroneous; moreover a
specimen received from Mr. Marrat is undoubtedly a young
Juliette.

Var. potpasta, Duclos. Fig. 83.

Light olive, the reticulations broken up into nebulous spots
and occasional arrow-head markings; the fasciculations at the
sutures spread from centres at regular distances, between which
the shell is colored yellowish white. Length, 1-25-1-75 inches.

The form is much like var. Juliette, from which it is to be
distinguished by its smaller size, darker color, and especially
by its gay alternation of white spaces and fan-like chocolate
fasciculations at the sutures—which are none of them stable
characters.

O. ancuLATA, Lam. PI. 29, fig. 84.

Ovate, ventricose, very thick, angularly swollen above the
middle; ash-white mottled and spotted with olive and gray,
and with occasional chestnut transverse streaks and zigzag
markings; lip and columella flesh-pink. Length, 2°5-3°5 inches.

Panama to Guaymas.

The young shell is not angulated, and approximates to the
last species in form, and somewhat in exterior coloring, but
may be distinguished at once by the color of the columella and
interior.

O. scrrera, Lam. PI. 30, fig. 85.
Cylindrically oblong, spire rather short, columellar plaits

OLIVA. 83

numerous; yellowish brown, with pale chestnut zigzag markings
and reticulations, and two bands of interrupted dark chestnut
hieroglyphic figures; bluish white within the aperture.

Length, 1°5-2 inches.

China, Australia.

O. FusIFoRMIS, Lam. PI. 30, figs. 86-89; Pl. 34, fig. 56.

Shell thick, oval, swollen posteriorly, the spire prominent ;
white, with longitudinal zigzag chestnut figures, sometimes two
banded, and sometimes the chestnut-color nearly covers the
shell by the coalescence of the markings; white within the

aperture. Length, 1°5-2°25 inches.
West Indies.

With this are to be united O. obesina, Ducl., O. Aldinia,
Duelos (fig. 88), O. onisca, Duel. (fig. 87), O. mercatoria, Marr.
(fig. 56)—at least in part (one of his figures resembles O. rett-
cularis more closely), O. bullata, Marr. (fig. 89), and O. reclusa,
Marr., the last two not fully grown.

/ O. RETICULARIS, Lam. PI. 30, figs. 90-95; Pl. 31, figs. 96-4;
Pl. 34, fig. 57.

White, with pink or chestnut zigzag longitudinal markings,
and fasciculations of the same color around the suture; some-
times there are faint bands, and occasionally the whole surface
is more or less covered with chestnut; aperture white.

Length, 1°5-2-25 inches.
Florida, West Indies.

Among the synonyms may be cited O. ustulata, Lam. (fig. 92),
O. tisiphona, Ducios (figs. 93, 57), O. memnonia, Ducl. (fig. 94),
O. Sowerbyt, Marrat (fig. 95), O. figura, Marr. (fig. 96), O. Bewleyt,
Marr. (fig. 97), O. Jamaicensis, Marr. (fig. 98), O. hepatica, Marr.
(not Lam.) — O. bifasciata,Weinkautf (fig. 99), O. formosa, Marr.
(fig. 100), O. nivosa, Marr. (fig. 1). The white variety of the last
is equivalent to O. olorinella, Duclos (fig. 2), which Weinkauff has
erroneously made a synonym of O. ispidula, Linn. O. brunnea,
Marrat (fig. 3), is said to come from Borneo, but I have before
me undoubted West Indian specimens precisely like it ; O. oriola,
Duel. (fig. 4), is nearly equivalent to the last.

y
[ QO. LitTERATA, Lam. — PI. 31, figs. 5-7.

Shell gradually attenuated at each end, with produced spire ;

84 OLIVA.

over the usual zigzag markings, reticulations and sutural fascic-
ulations, are two bands of hieroglyphic characters, which are
usually well marked. Length, 1°5—2°5 inches.
Beaufort, North Carolina to Florida;
West Indies; Bahia, Brazit.

The attenuation of the posterior part of the shell, distin-
guishes this from O. reticularis, with which some of its varieties
are nevertheless too closely allied; the same character and
greater size distinguish it from O. scripta, Lam., which has very
similar painting. O. circinnata, Marr. (fig. 6), is one of the
connecting forms referred to above. O. multiplicata, Reeve
(fig. 7), is probably also a synonym.

O. STAINFoRTHII, Reeve. PI. 31, fig. 8.

White, faintly sprinkled with gray-shaded reddish dots, and
marked with a very few blackish blotches disposed in two bands,
unspotted next the sutures, columella and interior of aperture
ivory-white. Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

A very doubtful species, resting solely on the type specimen—
from which the colors have probably been worn off.

O. HIEROGLYPHICA, Reeve. PI. 31, fig. 9.

Ivory-white, encircled by three rows of pale brown hiero-

elyphic markings. Length, ‘6 inch.
Habitat unknown.
A doubtful species.

O. pouita, Marrat. PI. 32, fig. 10.

Yellowish, with white and chestnut aculations ; pallid viola-
ceous within the aperture. Length, 20 mill.
West Indies.
Weinkauff thinks that this is perhaps a young O. litterata,
but it appears to me to differ greatly from that species, both in
form and markings. I have not seen specimens. It may be a
variety of the next species.

O. FLAMMULATA, Lam. PI. 32, fig. 11; Pl. 34, fig. 55.

Yellowish white, with reticulations and angular markings of
chestnut-brown, and occasional white maculations; interior of
aperture whitish or tinged with purple. Length, -9-1°5 inches.

West Africa, Senegal, Cape Blanco.

OLIVA. 85

O. Ductost, Reeve. Pl. 32, figs. 12-17.

Shell with close reticulations and triangular markings of
chestnut, with narrow, interrupted sutural and median bands,
aperture yellowish brown. Length, -9-1-25 inches.

China, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, Polynesia.

O. flammulata, Lam., is too closely allied to varieties of this
species; I have hesitated to separate them. 0. lentiginosa,
Reeve (fig. 14), is merely a lighter-colored specimen; O. esodina,
Duel. (fig. 15) and O. Natalia, Ducl. (fig. 16), are also synonyms,
and I suppose that O. Sandwichensis, Pease (fig. 17), may also
be added. This is the O. jaspidea, Duclos (not Olivella jaspidea,
of Gmelin), under which name it is as generally known as that
of Reeve.

O. THomas!, Crosse. PI. 32, fig. 18.

Heavy, oblong, with rather short spire; flesh-color, obscurely
two-zoned, numerously punctate, maculated with chestnut at the
suture ; yellowish white, obscurely bifasciate within the aperture.

Length, 28 mill.
Tahiti.

Is possibly a variety of O. flammulata, judging from the
figures and description.

O. AUSTRALIS, Duclos. Pl. 32, figs. 19-20.

Spire elevated; white or yellowish, with light chestnut or
purple-ash zigzag lines; interior of aperture white, maculated
with purple near the margin. Length, -75—1 inch.

Australia, New Guinea.

Mr. John Brazier informs me that the natives of New Guinea
place these shells on red-hot ashes, which discharges the coloring,
leaving them entirely white ; in which condition they are strung
to make neck-ornaments and girdles. O. caldania, Duclos (fig.
20) is a Synonym.

O. paxinuus, Reeve. PI. 32, figs. 21-23.

Shell thick, stout, cone-shaped, with a high spire; white, with
triangular brown markings, forming interrupted bands, and spots
beneath the sutures and on the fasciole; interior of aperture
sometimes two or three banded. Length, °85-1:1 inches.

Japan, Philippines, Australia.

The form of this species is its best characteristic. O. ozodona,

86 OLIVA.

Duclos (fig. 22), and O. nitidula, Duclos, not Gmelin (fig. 23),
are to be united with it.

O. PANNICULATA, Duclos. PI. 32, figs. 24, 25.
White, with faint longitudinal zigzags, and interrupted narrow
bands at the suture and below the middle. Length, °75 inch.
Madagascar.
O. ANIomINA, Duclos. PI. 32, figs. 26, 27.
Yellowish white, with chestnut-red zigzags and nebulous

markings. Length, °75-1-‘1 inches.
Japan.

O. rufopicta, Weinkauff (fig. 27), appears to be the same
species.

O. KALEONTINA, Duclos. PI. 32, fig. 28.

Purple-fawn, interruptedly spotted and variegated with reddish
chestnut, with oblong spots beneath the sutures ; columella and
interior of the aperture purplish white. Length, 33 mill.

Bay of Guayaquil and Galapagos Is.; 6 to 12 fms.—Cuming.

O. Broperipit, Ducros. Pl. 33, fig. 33.

Shell rather convex, with short spire ; yellowish brown, closely
reticulated with chestnut ; aperture chocolate-brown within.
Length, 30 mill.

Habitat unknown.
A doubtful species, supposed to differ from O. ispidula in its
wider form and more convex sides.

O. pyaMA, Reeve. PI. 32, fig. 29.

Orange-yellow, clouded and dotted with red-brown ; columella
and interior of aperture white. Length, 12 mill.
Habitat unknown.
Except in the color of the interior, it resembles O. aspidula:
it is a doubtful species. |

O. ispipuLA, Linn. PI. 33, figs. 34-48, 29, 38.

White, ash, yellow, brown, chestnut or chocolate-colored,
without markings, or with nebulous spots, zigzag lines or
reticulations, often with a band near the top of the body-whorl ;
columella white; interior chocolate-colored. Length, 1—1°5 inches.

Indian Ocean, Philippines, Fiji Islands, etc.

It is impossible to enumerate the shades and patterns of

sea

- CALLIANAX. 87

coloring of this species; its chocolate-colored interior is its most
characteristic feature, whilst the form is also tolerably constant.
Banded varieties may be recognized by the band being on the
upper part of the whorl, but not attaining the suture. There are
several synonyms, as follows: O. flaveola, Ducl. (fig. 40), O.
variabilis, Gray, O. candida, Lam. (fig. 41), O tigridella, Duclos
(figs. 42, 29, 28), O. egira, Duel. (fig. 43).

O. sipeLiA, Ducl. PI. 33, figs. 27, 44-50.

Yellowish or orange-color, sometimes without markings, but
usually with more or less regular narrow zigzags of chestnut,
and occasionally with clouds of the same color; interior of
aperture bluish white to violet-red. Length, -T—9 inch.

China, Philippines, New Guinea, Viti Is.. Madagascar.

I unite here, under the oldest name, a number of species here-
tofore considered distinct ; the dark unspotted variety being the
O. volvaroides, Ducl. (fig. 45), and immature specimens (one of
which is partly covered with chestnut), the O. sidelia, Ducl.
(figs. 44,27). The mature painted shells are: O. athenia, Ducl.
(fig. 46) — O. mucronata, Marr. (fig. 47), O. lepida, Duel. (fig.
48), O. todosina, Ducl. (fig. 49), and O. faba, Marr. (fig 50).

O. TESSELLATA, Lam. PI. 33, fig. 51.

Creamy white to yellowish brown, with irregular distant ash-
and chestnut-shaded spots covering the surface; interior, and
columella deep violet. Length, 1 inch.

Maldives, Java, Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia.

O. CARNEOLA, Gmelin. PI. 33, fig. 52.

White, banded with rich orange-color, the bands usually a
broad one above and below and a narrow one in the middle,
color sometimes shading into red, violet or olive; fasciole and

aperture white, Length, -7—-9 inch.
Java, Philippines, New Caledonia, Central Polynesia.

Subgenus Callianax, Hl. anl A. Adams.

O. BIPLICATA, Sowb. PI. 34, fig. 58.

Bluish gray, sometimes light brownish or olivaceous, fasciole
and interior of aperture violaceous; columella biplicate at the

base. Length, °75-1:25 inches.
California.

88 AGARONIA.

O. OrBienyl, Marrat. Pl. 34, fig. 59.

Purple-brown, with two narrow revolving white bands below
the middle; interior of aperture orange-red. Length, -9 inch.

Patagonia.
Subgenus Agaronia, Grav.

O. HIATULA, Gmelin. Pl. 34, figs. 60-67; Pl. 35, figs. 68-70;
Pl. 36, fig. 26.

Shell thin, with raised spire and large aperture, somewhat
dilated below ; columellar folds very oblique ; cream-color, light
brown or olivaceous, frequently nebulously painted or zigzagged
longitudinally with brown; the fasciole lighter or darker colored,
without markings; the interior varying from cream-color to
chocolate, sometimes showing the external markings.

Length, 1°5-2°5 inches.
West Coast of Africa; Panama to Mazatlan.

The occurrence of this species numerously at these two distant
points has much bothered conchologists ; the W. African speci-
mens were called O. hiatula, and the W. American specimens,
supposed to differ somewhat in form, have been distinguished as
O. testacea, Lam. P. P. Carpenter, in his monograph of Mazatlan
shells, acknowledges that specimens from both localities vary
considerably in form and are in this respect indistinguishable,
but he attempts to make differential characters in the coloring
of the fasciole, and tinting of the plications; in both which
respects specimens before me, with undoubtedly correct habitats,
completely contravene his assertions; indeed I have Mazatlan
specimens, received from Carpenter himself, which fully exhibit
the features which he believes to be peculiar to the W. African
form, whilst Gambian specimens show the W. American colorings.
Figs. 60-63 show O. hiatula and fig. 65 O. testacea, Lam.

Other synonyms are: O. pallida, Swains. (fig. 64), O. nitellina,
Duclos (fig. 26), O. Steeriz, Reeve (fig. 68, O. cincta, Reeve (fig.
70',a juvenile banded variety, O. ndusiaca, Reeve (fig. 66),
erroneously said to inhabit the mouth of the River Indus, and
O. Ancillarioides, Reeve (fig. 69). O. Lamarckii, Swainson, and
O. propatula, Conrad, are so completely typical, that copies of
their respective figures would serve no useful purpose.

O. acumMINATA, Lam. PI. 35, figs. 71-80; Pl. 1, fig. 4.

Yellowish, fawn, or ash-gray, irregularly marked with zigzags

AGARONIA. 89

and maculations, or faintly nebulous, the markings being nearly
obsolete; suture sometimes with fasciculations, frequently
reduced to a row of spots, still more frequently unspotted ;
fasciole and fasciolar band yellowish or fawn-color, sometimes
with faint, close, orange-red strigations ; columella white ; interior
of aperture white, maculated with chestnut on the lip-border.

Length, 1°5—3 inches.

Senegul, Gambia, Java, Philippines, Australia.

Dr. Weinkauff complains that his predecessors in attempting
to separate O. acuminata and O. subulata, have mistaken them
one for the other, and he has taken the trouble to unravel the
intricate synonymy, in order to thoroughly distinguish the two
species. Having carefully examined their respective characters
both in descriptions, figures and specimens, I am convinced that
no good reason exists for treating them as distinct, and that
several additional “species”? must likewise be added to the
synonymy. Fig. 7l represents O. subulata, Lam., as defined by
Weinkauff; it appears more slender, with more elevated spire
than some of the figures representing O. acuminata, but every
intermediate form may be selected from the specimens before
me. I place here O. modesta, Reeve (fig. 77), a young shell, O.
annotata, Marr. (fig. 78), and O. carita, Marr, (figs. 79, 80), also
juveniles, and O. Barthelemyi, Ducros (fig. 76.

O. Lasuanensis, Marrat. PI. 35, fig. 81.

Yellowish white to orange-color, with an orange-red or brown
broad band covering the lower half of the body-whorl, sutures

fasciculated with brown. Length, 1—1-25 inches.
Borneo.

This may be only a variety of O. nebulosa, yet I think it has
as good claims to specific distinction as most of the species.

O. LIGNEOLA, Reeve. PI. 35, fig. 82.

Cone-shaped ; chestnut, the fasciole lighter, with chestnut
markings, columella white, aperture bluish. Length, | inch.
Habitat unknown.
I am not acquainted with this species; Marrat has omitted it,
and Weinkauff has copied Reeve’s figure and description.

O. nepuLosa, Lam. PI. 35, figs. 83, 84.

Subcylindrical, spire moderately elevated ; cream-color, with
12

90 . OLIVANCILLARIA.

zigzag ash or olive lines, merging into reticulations; fasciole
orange-brown, mottled with chestnut. Length, 1°5—2 inches.
Ceylon; Australia?; W. Africa.

This species has been confounded with O. gibbosa, Born, and
has been supposed to be the young of that species; the young
gibbosa, however, is much more inflated, and may be readily
separated from nebulosa of the same size; the coloring is the
same in both species. 0. intricata, Marrat (fig. 84) is a
synonym.

O. aipposa, Born. PI. 36, figs. 85-87.

Shell heavy, gibbous, the columella callous, especially the
upper part; spire also callously thickened; cream-colored, body-
whorl with zigzags and reticulations varying from ash-gray to
orange and chocolate ; fasciole yellowish, maculated with brown;
columella and interior of aperture whitish.

Length, 1°5—2°5 inches.

Ceylon; W. Africa.

Like Olivancillaria in form, but the sutured channel remains
distinct on all the whorls of the spire.

Subgenus Olivancillaria, d’Orb.
O. BrasintaANa, Lam. PI. 36, fig. 88; Pl. 1, fig. 2.
Fulvous fawn, streaked with white, with short transverse gray
hair-lines; spire callous, fasciole and interior of aperture orange-

brown. Length, 2—2°5 inches.
Braztl, La Plata, Patagonia.

The body-whorl has sometimes obscure brownish fasciculations
below the suture.

O. DESHAYESIANA, Ducros. PI. 86, figs. 89, 90.
Shell smaller, more swollen above than O. Brasiliana, and
with a proportionally heavier posterior callus. Color same as

in O. Brasiliana. Length, 1 inch.
Brazil.
The form of this shell is nearly intermediate between the last
and the next species; it is much smaller than either, yet appears
to be mature. O. ovata, Marr. (fig. 90), is synonymous.

QO. AURICULARIA, Lam. PI. 36, figs. 91-94.

Brown or lead-color, sometimes, in the young shell with zigzag

MONOPTYGMA. 91

faint brown markings; fasciole and interior of aperture yellowish
brown to chocolate. Length, 15-175 inches.
Brazil to Patagonia; W. Africa.

The young shell is much narrower in form, the contorted
expanded lip and heavy columellar callus indicating the adult
condition. O. aqualilis, Reeve (fig. 93), and O. contortuplicata,
Reeve (fig. 94), are both young shells; O. claneophila, Duclos
(fig. 92) = the adult form.

O. NANA, Lam. PI. 36, figs. 96-100.

Conical, the upper fourth part of the body-whorl overlaid with
a yellowish callus, the fasciole also yellowish and obscurely
maculated, rest of body-whorl cream-color with chestnut longi-
tudinal fulgurations, often broken up into nebulous spots;
columella white, interior of aperture exhibiting the external
colors through the shell. Length, °75 inch.

Gabon, W. Africa; So. Africa; Madagascar.

The West Indies have been cited as habitat for this species,
I think erroneously. O. zenospira, Ducl. (fig. 79), and O. mille-
punctala, Duclos (figs. 98, 99), are synonyms.

ft Subfamily ANCILLARIIN#.
Genus MONOPTYGMA, Lea.

Several systematists have confounded this genus with Mon-
optygma, Gray —an entirely different group. The type, although
a very small shell, perfectly exhibits the generic characters, but
Lea’s second species belongs to Actzonide. Chilotygma, H.
and A. Adams, must, according to the description, become a
synonym; but it may well be doubted whether its only species
and specimen (therefore the only recent species of Monoptygma),
is not a monstrosity.

M. AuaBamieEnsis, Lea. (PI. 3, fig. 23.) Fossil.
Eocene, Alabama.

M. exiaua, Sowb. PI. 87, tig. 1.
Yellowish white, very shining, callous; callously ridged on
the body-whorl. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.

This specimen formed part of the Cumingian collection.

92 ANCILLARIA.

Genus ANCILLARIA, Lam.

The animal of Ancillaria is voluminous, covering the entire
shell with the exception of the spire. The head, which is
entirely concealed by the reflected portions of the foot, consists
of a short cylindrical, inflated, annulated proboscis, above which
is a semilunar veil formed by the dilatation and union of the
tentacles; there is no indication of eyes. The mantle is pro-
duced anteriorly into a long siphon. The foot is large and
bursiform, the side-edges being greatly extended and reflected
over the shell, meeting in the middle on the back. As in Oliva,
it is deeply fissured anteriorly, forming a semilunar disk before
the head, divided by a deep longitudinal groove into two lateral,
triangular lobes, acuminated transversely; posteriorly it is
bilobed, and is either without an operculum, or is provided with
a thin, horny unguiform one, with apical nucleus, semilunar
growth-lines, and an oval muscular impression.

The Ancillarie resemble the Olives in their habits, dwelling
among the smooth sands in which they frequently bury them-
selves. They crawl with a quick, sliding motion, and as they
glide briskly along, the shell is enveloped in the alar expansions
of the foot, which overlap each other slightly in the middle, and
extending considerably beyond the spire, form posteriorly a
loose, open sack; anterior to these lobes the tubular cylindrical
siphon is visible, directed upwards and backwards, and eyen
laid flat upon the back.

The Ancillariz have been monographed by Sowerby in the
Thesaurus Conchyliorum, by Reeve in Conchologia Iconica,
and by Weinkauff in Kister’s Conchylien Cabinet. The last
authority enumerates forty-six species, some of which he con-
siders doubtful. A very careful consideration of these forms
has induced me to reduce the number of species considerably.
They are tropical animals, the typical group inhabiting the Red
Sea, Indian Ocean, Australia, Japan, etc.; one species only
occurring in American waters, in the Caribbzean province. The
earliest fossils are from the eocene strata of the United States
and Europe; they are few in number, and the genus, never
numerous in species, appears to have reached its maximum
development at the present time.

Ancillaria is, through Olivancellaria, very closely connected

ANCILLARIA. 93

with the Olives, and in its frequently horned outer lip it also
reminds one of Pseudoliva, and Hburna (Zemira) australis.

I have merged in Ancillaria several subgeneric groups of H.
and A. Adams and others, which do not appear to me to possess
substantial distinctive characters.

A. CINNAMOMEA, Lam. PI. 37, figs. 2-17.

Yellowish white, with obscure revolving bands and longitudinal
strigations of light reddish brown, or without markings, and
ranging from flesh-color to cinnamon and dark chocolate;
occasionally a revolving sulcus terminates in a slight horn on
the outer lip; the folded columella is white, the interior of the
aperture nearly corresponding with the outer surface in color.

Length, 1-1:25 inches.

Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Zanzibar.

I unite here several so-called species. A. ciénnamomea is not
quite adult, and more frequently exhibits the lip-tooth than the
adult, heavily-callused A. ventricosa, Lam. (fig. 3). A. variegata,
Sowb. (fig. 4), is the light, banded form described above, and A.
Julva, Swn. (fig. 5) has similar paintmg. Other synonyms are:
A. albifasciata, Swn. (fig. 6 , A. albisulcata, Sowb. (fig. 7), in
which the impressed groove is white, a character without
constancy, A. achatina, Kiener (fig. 8), A. striolata, Sowb. (fig.
9 ,a juvenile, A. castanea, Sowb. (fig. 10), A. ovalis, Sowb. (fig.
11), another juvenile, A. Deshayesii, A. Ad. (fig. 12), A. crassa,
Sowb. (fig. 13), A. sarda, Reeve (fig. 14), A. contusa, Reeve (fig.
15), apparently a worn specimen, A. eburnea, Desh. (fig. 16), A.
Tronsoni, Sowb. (fig. 17).

A. ACUMINATA, Sowb. PI. 37, figs. 18-20.

Yellowish brown, lighter at the sutures and on the border of
the fasciole, the latter being darker brown, columella white.

Length, 1:25-1-5 inches.

Red Sea, Zanzibar.

The narrower form is the only, and perhaps not sufficient
distinction between this and the preceding species. A. lineolata,
A. Ad. (fig. 19), and probably A. oryza, Reeve (fig. 20), are
synonyms.

A. MARMORATA, Reeve. PI. 2, figs. 21, 22.
Whitish, faintly streaked and mottled with fulvous flesh-color,

94 ANCILLARIA.

brown-tinged at the suture and above the fasciole, columellar

plaits brown. Length, ‘75 inch.
Habitat unknown.

A, fasciata, Reeve (fig. 22), appears to be the same species. It
may be the young of A. marginata, Lam., from which the brown
columella appears to be the principal distinctive character.

A. AMPLA, Gmelin. PI. 2, figs. 23, 24.
Cylindrically oblong, acuminated above, inflated below, rather
thin ; white, often orange-tinted on the spire.
Length, 1-1°5 inches.
Red Sea, Ceylon, Mauritius, Philippines.
A. cylindrica, Sowb. (fig. 24), is the young.

A. RUBIGINOSA, Swainson. PI. 37, fig. 25; Pl. 38, figs. 26, 27.
Cinnamon-brown, with an enameled lighter band at the suture,
and a shallow impressed one above the fasciole.
Length, 2—2°5 inches.
Japan, China, Malacca, Madagascar.
A. mamillata, Hinds (fig. 26), and A. albo-callosa, Lischke (fig.
27), are synonyms,

A, AUSTRALIS, Sowb. PI. 38, figs. 28-33.

Lead-color or violet-brown, spire and upper portion of body-
whorl, as well as the fasciole enveloped in a yellowish callus,
marbled with chestnut. Length, -75-1-75 inches.

Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Cape.

This is a shorter species than A. rubiginosa; yet I separate it
with hesitation. A. pyramidalis, Reeve (fig. 29), and A. tricolor,
Gray (fig. 30),a juvenile, A. mucronata, Sowb. (fig. 31), probably,
and possibly A. obtusa, Swains. (figs. 32, 33), from the Cape of
Good Hope, are synonyms.

A. Monrrovuziert, Souverbie. PI. 38, fig. 34.

Pinkish white, or light fawn-color, the spire and an upper
band of the body-whorl invested with a thick flesh-colored or
slightly brownish callus; sometimes the spire and fasciole are
pure white; operculum oblong, rather large and thin.

Length, 1-1'5 inches,
New Caledonia.

ANCILLARIA. 95

A. ANGUSTATA, Sowb. PI. 38, fig. 35.

Narrowly cylindrical, transparent fawn-color, callosity and
fasciole shining orange-brown, edged with white. Length, 12 mill.
China.
Possibly the young of A. rubiginosa, Sw., or of a similar
species.

. A. Bunuiomes, Reeve. Pl. 38, fig. 36.

Delicate fawn-color, callosity broad, opaque, white.
Length, 28 mill.
Habitat unknown.
Perhaps a young shell of A. rubiginosa. The type specimen
only is known, and its peculiarly long spire might be an indi-
vidual variation of growth.

A. CINGULATA, Sowb. PI. 38, figs. 37, 38.

Shell thin, whitish, yellowish or pale cinnamon-color, with a
white sutural band, and a revolving brown band above and on

the fasciole. Length, 2—2°5 inches.
NV. Australia, China ?

Distinguished from A. rubiginosa by its thin substance and
inferior dark band. O. similis, Sowb. (fig. 38), is probably a
faded variety.

A. TANKERVILLEI, Swainson. PI. 38, fig. 39; Pl. 39, fig. 40.

Fusiformly oblong, moderately ventricose, yellowish white to
orange-yellow, darker about the sutures and on the fasciole.

Length, 2°25-3-75 inches.

West Indies.

The only species inhabiting the Western Hemisphere. I am
not able to separate O. Vernedei, Sowb. (fig. 40), described from
a single specimen, and doubtfully referred to China Seas as its
habitat. Specimens of A. Tankervillei before me agree exactly
with the figure of Vernedei, except that the latter is larger.

A. Stvensts, Sowb. PI. 39, figs. 41-43.

Transparent white, the callosity opaque white. Length, ‘8 inch.
Japan, China, Australia.
A juvenile shell, and very probably equivalent to A. rubiginosa,
Swn. A. Nova-Zelandica, Sowb. (fig. 42), is a synonym, and I
suppose that A.inornata, E. A. Smith (fig. 43), may also be
placed here.

96 ANOLACIA, DIPSACCUS.

A. MARGINATA, Lam. PI. 39, figs. 44-48.

Yellowish or gray, a white band below the sutures, maculated
with orange-brown, a row of maculations above, and another on
the fasciole. Length, 1°5-1°75 inches.

E Australia, Tasmania.

A. monilifera, Reeve (fig. 45), A. lineata, Kiener (fig. 46), A.
oblonga, Sowb. (fig. 47) and A. obesa, Sowb. (fig. 48), are all
young shells of A. marginata,as the specimens before me exhibit *
all these variations in form. The last-named is said to occur
also at the Cape of Good Hope.

A. ELONGATA, Gray. P1. 39, fig. 49.

Thin, white, sutural band ivory-white, columella not plaited.
Length, 2°25 inches.
Torres Straits, N. Australia.
A. DIMIDIATA, Sowb. PI. 39, fig. 50. ey:

Rather thin, transparent white, sutural band, which is very
broad, opaque white. Length, -9 inch.
Red Sea.
I am not acquainted with this species; it looks as though it
might be the young of A. elongata, Gray.

Subgenus Anolacia, Gray.
A. Mauritiana, Sowb. PI. 39, figs. 51-53.

Shell ovate, thin, spire depressed, body-whorl shouldered,
aperture wide, columella scarcely plaited, outer surface closely
but lightly covered with revolving strive; yellowish white to
orange-brown. Length, 1°75—2°25 inches.

Madagascar, Mauritius, Australia.
“This is the A. torosa, Meuschen, according to Sowerby, a name
under which it is quite as well known as the one I have adopted. °
A. scaphella, Sowb. (fig. 52), and dA. aperta, Sowb. (fig. 53), are
miniature shells of this species.

Sabgenus Dipsaccus, Klein.
A. GLABRATA, Linn. PI. 39, fig. 54.
Yellowish white to orange, white-bordered at the sutures and
on the supra-fasciolar groove, columella and callus white.

Length, 2-3 inches.
West Indies.

HARPA. 97

A. Lienarpt, Bernardi. PI. 39, figs. 55, 56.
Light yellow to deep orange, basal groove white; columella,
callus and interior white. Length, 1:25—2 inches.
Pernambuco, Brazil.
Proportionally much wider, with shorter spire than A. glabrata,
yet I suspect that it is a mere variety of that species.

A.BALTEATA, Swainson. Pl. 39, fig. 57.
Yellowish white to orange-yellow, whorls angularly belted
around the upper part, basal groove broad, whitish.

Length, 15-2 inches.
Ceylon.

The locality appears to be undoubted, and all the specimens
I have seen are alike, yet it seems to be abnormal in its posterior
angulation, and to resemble otherwise a stunted A. glabrata.

Subfamily HARPIN &.
Genus HARPA, Lam.

The animals of Harpa have a very large foot, with the front
crescent-shaped, and divided by deep lateral fissures from the
posterior part. Unable to withdraw completely within their
shell, they are said, when irritated, to have the power of spon-
taneously detaching a portion of this foot. They are variegated
with beautiful colors, and crawl with vivacity. Tropical, inhabit-
ing Mauritius, Philippines, Ceylon, Polynesian, West Coast of
America, but unknown on the tropical Atlantic coasts of
America.

There are a few fossil species. HKocene,

Harpa has been monographed by Reeve, Kiener, Sowerby and
recently by Dr. Aug. Sutor. The latter enumerates sixteen
species, which I have reduced to nine. Like Strombus, Harpa

appears to be a completed genus, no new forms rewarding the
industry of modern investigators and explorers.

H. cosrara, Linn. PI. 40, fig. 58.

Shell with thirty or more close-set ribs, pointed at the top;
white, zoned with flesh-color or light chestnut; apex rose-tinted ;
interior of aperture yellowish, middle and upper part of inner

lip stained with brown. Length, 2°5-3°5 inches.
Mauritius.
13

98 HARPA.

The shell called var. Gruneri, Maltz., is not essentially
different.

H. ventricosa, Lam. PI. 40, figs. 59, 60.

Shell with about twelve to fifteen rather broadly-flattened ribs
which are crossed by a number of rather broad light-chestnut
revolving bands, separated by narrow white bands; interstices
of the ribs wide, marked with chestnut and white arranged in
semicircles, or festooned; aperture pinkish or yellowish white
within, showing the exterior painting; columella blotched with
chocolate. Length, 2°5-3°5 inches.

Indian Ocean, Zanzibar, Mauritius, Philippines, Viti Islands.

H. conompanis, Lam. PI. 40, figs. 61-64.

Spire more elevated and shoulder of body-whorl more sloping
than in the preceding species; the intercostal painting is simi-
larly festooned, but usually not so distinctly, the revolving
bands on the ribs are defined either on the shoulder only, or
occasionally elsewhere, or throughout by dark chocolate borders.

Length, 2°5-3°5 inches.

Indian Ocean, Philippines, Mauritius.

Dr. Sutor, as well as Sowerby and Reeve have attempted to
distinguish other species here, by characters that are poor
enough even in their figures, but which possess no claims what-
ever when a large suite of specimens are examined ; it is even
difficult in some cases to separate this shell from H. ventricosa.
In H. articularis, Lam. (fig. 62), the dark bands are well defined
throughout, in H. ligata, Menke = nablium, Mart. (fig. 61), they
are less frequent, and in the typical 7. conoidalis, Lam. (fig. 63),
they are usually only occasionally visible on or towards the
shoulder. The latte’ variety approaches near to H. ventricosa.
H. striatula, A. Ad. (fig. 64), is a juvenile shell.

H. cRENATA, Swains. Pl. 40, fig. 65.
Ribs distant, thin, low, not reflected, interstices festooned with
light yellowish brown and white. Length, 2-3 inches.
Acapulco, Panama.

Besides the narrow ribs, the coloring is much less vivid than
in the preceding oriental species.

HARPA. 99

H. RosgEA, Lam. PI. 40, figs. 66, 67.

Ribs flat, irregular, sometimes very broad, sometimes narrow ;
ribs banded, interstices festooned, with three interrupted bands
of rose-red blotches. Length, 1°75-2°75 inches.

Guinea, Senegal.
H. nosinis, Lam. PI. 41, tig. 68.

Ovate, rather ventricose, grayish pink, painted between the
ribs with chestnut and white articulations or festoons, and three
interrupted bands of purple-crimson blotches; ribs rather wide,
crossed by bands of black narrow lines. Length, 1°75—2°5 inches.

Indian Ocean, Philippines, Viti Islands.

Distinguished at once from H. rosea by the revolving black

lines on the ribs.

H. minor, Lam. PI. 41, figs. 69-72, 78.

Shell ovately oblong, obtusely angulated above; gray festooned
with chocolate and white ; ribs moderately narrow, rather distant,
crossed by black lines, usually arranged in pairs.

Length, 1°5—2 inches.

Indian Ocean, So. Africa, Madagascar, Viti Isles.

H. crassa, Phil. (fig. 70), and H. solidula, A. Ad. (fig. 71), are
synonyms; and I think that HZ. virginalis, Gray (tig. 78), will
prove to be a faded or albino specimen of this species.

H. aracinis, Brod. and Sowb. PIL. 41, fig. 73.

Shell elongately oblong, slender, thin, translucent; whitish
delicately festooned with rose-color or rosy brown; ribs rather
narrow, without spines at the shoulder, crossed by thread-like
rose or chestnut lines, usually in pairs. Length, 1°5 inches.

Polynesia.

Distinguished at once by its form, thinness and rosy tinge.

H. striata, Lam. PI. 41, figs. 74-77.

Shell inflated, the ribs narrow, low, not reflected, remote or
crowded, the interstices lightly festooned with chestnut on a light
yellowish ground; whole surface covered with revolving close

strie. Length, 1:25 inches.
Mauritius.

H. cancellata (Chemn.), Sowb. (fig. 75), and H. Cabritit,

100 COLUMBELLID®.

Fischer (figs. 76, 77), are synonyms. Dr. Sutor attempts to
distinguish these species, but his distinctive characters of
coloring and sculpture are individual only, and not varietal or
specific.

Family COLUMBELLID 4.

Shell small, usually covered by an epidermis, ovate or oblong,
sometimes Strombiform, anteriorly notched or produced into a
short canal, which is open; inner lip anteriorly tubercled, outer
lip incurved inthe middle, and usually thickened and cremulated
on its inner margin. Animal: head elongated; eyes near the
outer bases of the tentacles; foot anteriorly produced, Oper-
culum corneous; lamellar, with the nucleus basal or near the
centre of the outer margin. The lingual dentition of the group
is peculiar and readily distinguishable from that of all other
Gastropods ; its features persist with but little variation of detail
through all the subdivisions of the family of which examples
have been examined, except Engina. In the section Amyela,
Messrs. H. and A. Adams have included species such as A.
corniculum, Olivi, which are true Nass, and the dentition of
this species has been hastily assumed to be that of the whole
group of Amycla. Other species, placed by H. and A. Adams
in the group Engina, undoubtedly belong to the group Sistrum
in Ricinula (see Manual,ii). The lingual of a single but typical
species of Engina has been figured by Moérch (Manual, vol. ii,
t. 27, f. 36); it differs greatly from the Columbelliform type of
dentition, and the genus has accordingly been classified by
Troschel in Photinz. The shell of Engina is distinctly Colum-
belloid, however, and the difference of dentition need not deter
us from placing it in Columbellidze since in Marginella glabella
(this vol., p. 6), distinct types of dentition occur in the same
species.

A number of classifications of the species of Columbellidee
have been proposed. H. and A. Adams have adopted several
groups first characterized by Swainson, and have instituted some
others ; they are mostly of little systematic value, being founded
on slight differences in the form, ete., of the shell—differences
which do not persist throughout all the species assigned to them

COLUMBELLID &. 101

respectively. On the contrary, it is only necessary to examine
a large series of these species to become convinced that in most
cases these groups are connected by intermediate forms. Whilst
I cannot adopt them as subgenera on account of this want of
persistence of distinctive characters, yet such is the multiplicity
of species that retained as names of groups they may still serve
a useful purpose. Bellardi* has divided the fossil Columbellas
of Piedmont into groups designated as Nassiform, Mitriform,
Fusiform, etc., but I think the named groups of Messrs. Adams
preferable. Mérch+ proposes the following classification :—

1. Pyemasa, Humphrey.
Subgenera, 1. NrTIDELLA, Swn. 2. Ata, Ad.

2. PYRENE, Bolten.
Subgeneray 1. Arrura, Ad. 2. PyreNrE, Bolt. 3. CONELLA, Swn.
4. Drsapuus, Phil. (= Mitride).

3. MirrRELLA, Risso.
Subgenera, 1. Asryris, Ad. 2. ANAcurs, Ad. 3.STRomBrna, Morch.

He excludes Engina, on account of the dentition. The types
of Pygmea, cited by him are typical species of Columbella, and
therefore Pygmza may be considered a synonym

Tam only able to recognize a few genera, of which the principal
are Columbella, Engina and Columbellina—the latter with some
doubt as to its characters being of generic value; all the other
groups that have been proposed I place as Sections.

The family has been monographed by Duclos, in Chenu’s
Illustrations GConchyliologiques ; by Kiener, Coquilles Vivantes ;
by Sowerby, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1, 1847; and by Reeve,
Conchologia Iconica, 1859. Since the latter date no revision or
catalogue of the species has appeared, whilst the number of
Specific names has increased three times, or from 250 to about
750 nominal species. A large proportion of these five hundred
additional descriptions are unaccompanied by figures, so that
the labor of arranging the mass of material has been immense.
I cannot hope to have determined the synonymy correctly in all
cases: I have done the best I could with the material at hand.

+ Jour, de Conchyl., 2d ser., iii, 260, 1858,

102 COLUMBELLID®.

Synopsis of Genera.

COLUMBELLA, Lam. Shell Strombiform, fusiform or obovate ; smooth
or longitudinally or transversely ribbed or striate ; inner lip excavated
in the middle, crenulated or denticulated in front ; outer lip usually
inflected, thickened within and crenulated in the middle.

COLUMBELLA (restricted). Shell Strombiform, with short spire. Den-
tition, Pl. 2, fig. 18.

NITIDELLA, Swainson, Shell oval, smooth, with elevated spire ;
aperture somewhat effuse below; columella with two small anterior
plications ; outer lip somewhat thickened.

Axia, H. and A. Adams. Shell thin, smooth, with moderate spire ;
aperture oval ; inner lip finely crenulated, outer lip thick, not callous
in the middle, striate within.

MirRELLA, Risso. Shell Mitriform, smooth, with moderate spire ;
columella smooth or with a few anterior rugosities ; outer lip smooth
or crenulated within.

AtiniA, H. and A. Adams. Shell fusiform, smooth or longitudinally
plicate ; spire elevated, sharp; last whorl suddenly narrowed into a
beak or short canal in front.

Anacuis, H. and A. Adams. Shell oval-fusiform, longitudinally
ribbed, spire elevated; last whorl not narrowed in front; aperture
narrow ; collumella straight; outer lip nearly straight, crenulated
within. Dentition, Pl. 2, fig. 20.

SEMINELLA, Pease. Shell very small, fusiform, longitudinally costate,
usually decussated ; lip slightly emarginate above, lirate or denticulate
within.

Mirropsis, Pease. Shell fusiform, more or less costate or plicate
longitudinally ; aperture narrow ; lip dentate within, sinuated above ;
columella callous, plicate.

Perhaps not distinct from Seminella.

ConrpEA, Swainson. Shell oval, Mitriform, smooth, with moderately
elevated, convex spire ; inner lip reflected in front ; outer lip incurved
and thickened in the middle, and crenulated within.

Meta, Reeve. Shell coniform, with short, conie spire; aperture
narrow ; outer lip nearly straight, crenulated within.

STROMBINA, Morch. Shell fusiform, turriculated ; spire elevated,
sharp ; whorls gibbous, nodulous; inner lip with a rather thick callus ;
outer lip thick, sinuous behind ; anterior canal well formed. Dentition,
VEAL errayens aI).

‘Esopus, Gould. Shell fusiform, gibbous, broadly truncate in front ;
aperture lunate, with a posterior callus on the body ; columella smooth,
vitreous ; suture abnormally arcuate near the aperture.

COLUMBELLA. 103

ALCIRA, H. Adams. Shell fusiform, thin, spire produced ; whorls trans-
versely striated; aperture ovate; coiumella truncate, with a single
oblique fold anteriorly ; outer lip thin, smooth internally, posteriorly
expanded, and with the anterior margin crenulated. Differs from the
other groups in its expanded lip, which is not thickened, and from most
others in the columellar fold.

ENGINA, Gray. Shell ovate-conic; spire sharp; with longitudinal
nodulous ribs, decussated by revolving lines or riblets ; aperture narrow,
with several oblique plications in front ; outer lip thickened, internally
toothed, gibbous and grooved posteriorly. Dentition, Manual, iii,
t. 27, f 36.

Pusrostoma, Swainson. Shell ovate ; inner lip convex between the
granular teeth ; outer lip internally greatly thickened and toothed in
the middle.

COLUMBELLINA, @Orb. Shell Strombiform, oval, thick, ventricose,
ribbed; aperture narrow, flexuous, narrowed in the middle, ending
posteriorly in a prolonged lateral canal ; outer lip much thickened and
smooth within. (Mostly fossil.) @. ornata, Orb. (Pl. 42, f. 3). Cre-
taceous, France.

COLUMBELLARIA, Rolle. Shell long-oval, Bucciniform, body-whorl
rather infla‘ed, spire moderate ; surface nodulous, caused by decussating
sculpture ; aperture wide below ; outer lip rounded, not inflected in the
middle, with strong revolving ribs within; columellar callus thin,
showing the sculpture of the body-whorl. (. corallina, Quenst. (PI.
42, fig. 4). U. Jura, Europe.

AMPHISSA, H.and A. Adams. Shell Bucciniform, longitudinally ribbed;
spire elevated ; aperture rather wide, enlarging below, and terminating
in a wide anterior sinus ; inner lip callous, plicate below ; outer lip not
thickened on the margin, plicate within. Dentition, Pl. 42, fig. 2.

} Genus COLUMBELLA, Lamarck.

These beautiful little mollusks, very numerous in species and
in individuals, are widely distributed, occurring in all parts of
the world, both in cold and torrid climates; although most
numerous in tropical waters. They are found crawling on the
surface of sand-flats in shallow water, or living on stony
beaches, where they sometimes congregate about and under
stones in considerable numbers.

Very few descriptions of the living animal have been made,
and even figures of it are not numerous.

The few fossil forms of Columbella are comparatively recent,

104 COLUMBELLA.

the Cretaceous and Jurassic columbelloid shells belonging to
distinct genera.

Section 1. Columbella (typical).

Shell strombiform, smooth, with short spire.

C. STROMBIFORMIS, Lam. PI. 42, figs. 5-10.

Shell strombiform, the body-whorl much swollen around the
upper part and somewhat produced at the posterior end of the
aperture ; chestnut-color, with the spire and middle and lower
portion of the body-whorl minutely white-spotted ; sometimes
the spots coalesce into zigzag white markings; there are also
usually a few irregular large white spots on the shoulder or
middle of the body-whorl; interior usually white, sometimes
orange-tinted ; epidermis thick, shaggy, longitudinally striated,
frequently decussated posteriorly or throughout by revolving
strie ; operculum very variable in form, the initial point usually
terminal and basal but occasionally even subcentral, or marginal
at.the centre of its length. Length, -83—1-4 inches.

West Coast of Central America to Mazatlan; Gulf of California.

With this species is to be united C. major, Sowerby (figs. 6-8),
which Carpenter and others have suspected to bea variety, having
dots' instead of the zigzag white markings and the spiral sculpture
of the epidermis on the shoulder only, instead of all over; neither
these, nor the other inferior distinctive characters given, hold
good when a large series of specimens is examined. Fig. 8
represents a smaller, but adult shell; it is a minor race, which,
as in so many of the species of mollusks usually accompanies
the normal-sized individuals. Other synonyms are C. gibbosa,
Duclos (fig. 9), C. Bridgesi, Reeve (fig. 10), not full grown.

©. Payrensis, Lesson. PI. 42, figs. 11-14.
Whorls broadly channeled below the sutures: chestnut-brown,
minutely dotted with white throughout. Length, 1—1-15 inches.
Payta, Peru; Chili.
This may possibly be a variety only, of the preceding species ;
the sutural channel is strongly marked, however, in the numerous
specimens before me. C. spurca, Sowb., C. rustica, Sowb.
Genera of Shells (fig. 14), and C. Paytalida, Duclos (fig. 13), are

syhonyms.

COLUMBELLA. 105

C. CASTANEA, Sowb. PI. 42, fig. 15.

Shell with a shallow channel around the suture, defined by an
angled or almost ribbed shoulder; lower half of body-whorl
contracted ; chestnut-brown, spotted with white, aperture tinged
with orange within. . Length, -85 inch.

Galapagos Is.; W. Coast of Central America.

I have considerable doubt whether this is nota variety only
of the preceding species; it is considerably smaller, more
contracted, with more defined shoulder, and colored interior.

C. FAscrATA, Sowb. PI. 42, figs. 16-18.

Shell large and thick, oval, slightly shouldered ; brown, spotted
with white, the spots sometimes merging into irregular zigzag
longitudinal markings, occasionally obscurely white-banded at
the suture and periphery; teeth of columella and outer lip

sometimes tinted with red. Length, 1°25 inches.
Java.

This species is not so gibbous as those which precede it, and
has heavier teeth ; the spire is also more convexly elevated. C.
Javacensis, Gaskoin (fig. 18), is probably a faded specimen of
fasciata.

_C. Fuscata, Sowb. PI. 42, figs. 19-21.

Shell smooth, oval; chestnut-dotted and spotted irregularly
with white, and with white, triangular sutural markings, con-
tinued on the spire; epidermis light olive, very thin, smooth,
translucent ; aperture light purple. Length, -75—"9 inch.

Galapagos Is.; West Coast of Central America to
Cape St. Lucas, L. California; Mazatlan.

The synonyms are C. meleagris, Duclos (fig. 20), C. nodalina,
Duclos (fig. 21), a specimen with epidermis, and C. pallescens,
Wimmer.

C. SonsonaTensis, Mirch.

Like C. fuscata, Sowb., but narrower, with shorter spire, suture
obsoletely margined, earlier whorls costellate, lip thickened and
flattened, with seven teeth, columella five-sulcate.

Length, 8:25 mill.
W. Coast of Central America.

A doubtful species, described from a single specimen, and not
figured.
14

i

106 COLUMBELLA.

C. LABIOSA, Sowb. PI. 48, figs. 22, 23.

Epidermis very thin, smooth, translucent, olivaceous ; under
which the shell is ash-color, with numerous narrow chestnut
revolving lines; lip and columella white, the lip with plate-like
expansion internally. Length, ‘8-1 inch.

St. Elena, W. Columbia (Cuming).

C. venilia, Duclos (fig. 23), is a‘synonym.

C. HH=MASToMA, Sowb. PI. 43, fig. 24.

Shaded chestnut and chocolate-color, with white blotches
which are usually arranged as broad zigzag markings on the
shoulder, and similar ones at the base of the body-whorl, the
latter often coalescing to cover the entire basal portion of the
shell; aperture orange-color. Length, 1 inch.

Galapagos Is.; Panama to Gulf of California.
C. Festiva, Kiener. Pl. 43, fig. 25.

Shell smooth; white around the sutures, then spotted and
streaked longitudinally with white and chocolate; aperture white.

Length, 9 mill.

Acapulco to Cape St. Lucas, L. California.
C. PHASINOLA, Duclos. Pl. 43, fig. 26.

Shell with revolving rounded ribs, often decussated by longi-
tudinal sculpture, so as to become tuberculated; chestnut-brown,
the tubercles whitish; lips orange. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. MERcATORIA, Linn. PI. 43, figs. 28-33.

Shell with small rounded revolving ribs, separated by narrow-
grooves; sometimes unicolored, pink or yellowish, usually longi-
tudinally maculated with orange or chocolate and white, and
with or without chocolate articulations forming one or two bands;
aperture white or slightly yellowish. Length, -6—8 inch.

West Indies, Florida.

A common species, very variable in painting, but pretty con-
stant in form and sculpture; it occurs on sandy bottoms in from
two to four feet water. The synonyms are numerous, including
a large, coarsely ribbed form, called by Sowerby C. rudis (fig.
31). Reeve has figured this form under the name of C. Pelee,
Kiener, and has given for locality the Philippine Islands—
undoubtedly anerror. The true C. Peleez, Kiener (fig. 32), is, on

COLUMBELLA. 107

the contrary, a rather small form, thin, but with rugose growth-
lines decussating the surface—a not unusual variety. Other
synonyms are C. zulmis, Duclos (fig. 33), C. affints, Risso, C.

incubitantes, Martini, C. Gualleriana, Risso?

C. Dysont, Reeve. Pl. 44, fig. 57.

Shell fusiformly conical, yellowish white, painted with waved
stripes of red-brown spots, spire short, sharp, whorls strongly
spirally grooved throughout; aperture elongated, lip flatly
thickened, denticulated within. Length, 16 mill.

Honduras (Dyson).

I think this will prove to be a C. mercatoria, of somewhat

unusual form and not adult.

€. rustica, Linn. Pl. 43, figs. 34-49; Pl. 44, fios. 50-56.

Shell variable in shape, sometimes short, with broad body-
whorl, sometimes narrower, with spire and lower part of body-
whorl produced; smooth, or slightly spirally striated; white to
orange-color, stained with chestnut or chocolate, forming spots,
longitudinal zigzags and blotches, frequently light banded and
fasciculated with chestnut next below the suture; lip white,
yellowish or flesh-color, the interstices of the denticulations
chocolate-color. Length, °5-1:1 inches.

West Indies, West Africa, Cape Verd Is., Southern Hurope,
Mediterranean Sea

One of the most variable of shells. The shorter, broad forms
are often very close in shape and coloring to C. mercator 7a, but
are always distinguishable by the smooth surface and the dark
interstices of the lip-teeth.

The synonymy is enormous, including: C. spongiarum, Duclos
(fig. 39); C. Azorica, Drouet (fig. 40); C. aureola, Duclos (fig.
41) and (C. tumida, Reeve, not Duclos (fig. 42); C. striata,
Duclos (figs. 43,44); C. cornea, Kiener (fig. 45); C.luteola, Kiener
(fig. 46); CO. fustigata, Kiener (fig. 47); C. modesta, Kiener (fig.
48); CU. ambigua, Kiener (fig. 49); C: vestalia, Duclos (fig. 50);
C. simpronia, Duclos (fig. 51); C. nucleus, Kiener (fig. 52);
C. rasolia, Duclos? (fig. 53); besides a number of unfigured
species, including probably C. Adansoni and C. rufa, Menke,
from the Cape Verd Islands. C. reticulata, Lam. (fig. 54), said
to come from Brazil, has some characters in common with C,

108 COLUMBELLA.

mercatoria, but is probably a synonym of rustica. I suppose
that C. xiphitella, Duclos (fig. 55), and C. wiphitella, Reeve (fig.
56), may both be placed here, although they are very different
shells in form.

C. ANACTEOLA, Duclos. PI. 44, fig. 58.

Shell smooth, the lower part with revolving striz; color
chocolate-brown varied with white, somewhat longitudinally
disposed. Length, 1:1 inches.

Habitat unknown.

This species has not been described; there are only the figures
and name in Duclos’ monograph. It resembles the stouter, short
forms of C. rustica, somewhat, but is a larger shell.

C. MARMOREA, Brusina.

Shell small, ovately subturbinate, smooth, shining, with
flattened whorls; aperture dilated at the base, sublinear, longer
than the spire; lip but little thickened within, nodulose; colu-
mella with two tubercles; color marbled with fulvous and white,
with a white, maculated band at the suture.

L. 10, diam. 5 mill.

Dalmatia.

An unfigured species, related to C. rustica, and possibly a
young individual of that protean species.

C. PARDALINA, Lam. PI. 44, figs. 59-74; Pl. 45, fig. 75.

Shell oval, smooth, with moderate, somewhat convex spire ;
white, tessellated or longitudinally flexuosely striped with chest-
nut or chocolate, with frequently a white band, similarly tessel-
lated at the suture. Length, 75-1 inch.

New South Wales; N.W. Australia; New Caledonia;
Philippines; Japan; Ceylon.

The synonyms are: C. vulpecula, Sowb. (fig. 61); C. quintilia,
Duclos (figs. 62,63); CO. fabula, Sowhb, (fig. 64); C. Japonica,
Reeve (fig. 65); C. zopilla, Duclos (fig. 66).

Var. TyLerI, Gray. PI. 44, figs. 67-74; Pl. 45, fig. 75.

Only differs by having a more produced spire, and is readily
united with the typical form by such synonyms as C. sagena,
Reeve (fig. 69‘, Japan. Other longer forms are C. obscura, Sowb.
(fig. 70); C. palmerina, Duclos (fig. 71); C. lactescens, Souv. (fig.

COLUMBELLA. 109

12), New Caledonia; C. fabula, var., Reeve (fig. 73); C. pado-
nosta, Duclos (fig. 74); C. anitis, Duclos (fig. 75).

C. FuLGURANS, Lam. PI. 45, figs. 76, 77.

Shell thick, short ovate, with indistinct revolving strix, and a
very thin, transparent yellowish epidermis; usually very dark
chocolate, nearly black, sometimes chestnut, and marked by a
few longitudinal zigzag white streaks; aperture tinged with
purple. Length, °75—9 inch.

Philippines, Solomon's Is., N. BE. Australia, New Guinea, ete.

Var. puncTaTA, Lam. (Fig. 77.)

The white streaks are more or less completely broken up into
spots.

C. PELOTINA, Duclos. Pl. 45, figs. 78, 79.

Shell short ovate, thick, smooth, with faint spiral strive on the
lower portion of the body-whorl; irregularly clouded with orange
and yellowish white. Length, °65 inch.

Habitat unknown.

Figured and named but not described by Duclos. It appears
to be a faded and discolored shell; not unlikely a C. pardalina.
C. virginea, Duclos (fig. 79), is very probably a still more faded
individual of the same species.

C. TurTuRINA, Lam. PI. 45, figs. 80-82.

Shell short and thick, subglobose, the shoulder of the body-
whorl swollen, with revolving striz inferiorly ; white, variegated
with clouds or zigzags of yellowish brown; columella and teeth
of outer lip often stained with violet. Length, ‘5-65 inch.

Philippines, Viti Islands, Sandwich Islands, ete.

The yellowish markings are often absent. C. Sandwichensis,
Pease, and C. palumbina, Gould, are synonyms. I think that C.
Deshayesii, Crosse (fig. 82), may also be referred here.
C. sutcata, Duclos. PI. 45, fig. 83.

This is evidently an abnormal growth, and its character, a
suleation on the shoulder, will be sought in vain among shells in
normal condition. It is impossible to identify it with certainty.
The color isa shading of flesh-color and light yellow.

Length, -7 inch.
Habitat unknown.

110 COLUMBELLA.

C. VERSICOLOR, Sowerby. PI. 45, figs. 84-96.

Shell ovate, with moderate spire, the whorls swollen at the
shoulder, beneath which the body-whorl is more or less con-
stricted, shoulder sometimes sparsely, obsoletely tuberculated ;
yellowish white, with zigzag chestnut or chocolate close longitu-
dinal markings, often shaded with white; on the middle of the
body-whorl these markings are often broken up into numerous
small punctations ; aperture white within ; columella tuberculate,
with two prominent teeth in the middle. Length, °5—-75 inch.

Indian Ocean; Japan; Philippines; Australia; Polynesia.

The oldest name for this species is C. seripta, Lam., but
Linneus had previously used this name for a well-recognized
Mediterranean species. C. bidentata, Menke (fig. 87), is also a
synonym, and very probably C. variegata, Menke. The latter
name would have priority if it could be satisfactorily identified.
The synonymy will include C. araneosa, Kiener (fig. 88), C.
coronata, Duclos (fig. 89), C. athadona, Duclos (figs. 90, 91), @.
tigrina, Duclos (figs. 92, 93), C. aspersa, Sowb. (fig. 94), C. nivosa
(fig. 95) and C. pertusa (fig. 96), Reeve, the two last erroneously
ascribed to Guatemala in the original descriptions.

C. VARIANS, Sowb. PI. 45, figs. 97-2; Pl. 46, figs. 3-6.

Shell ovate, with short spire; smooth, or with fine revolving
strive ; shoulder tuberculated ; with longitudinal ribs more or less
prominent, sometimes extending the entire length of the shell,
usually becoming obsolete towards the middle, and occasionally
not developed at all. Color, white and chestnut or chocolate in
alternate revolving bands, the latter usually broken up into short
irregular longitudinal markings; sometimes the bands are not
present, and the entire shell is covered with alternate chestnut
and white zigzag longitudinal stripes; base of the columella
stained dark chocolate ; aperture white within.

Length, °35—4 inch.

Viti, Galapagos and Sandwich Islands. Acapuleo?
Philippines, New Guinea.

This species is smaller, more tuberculate, and in the banded
specimens differently colored from the preceding one ; the colored
base of the columella is also a good distinguishing character
The figure from Reeve’s Iconica (fig. 99), shows a ribbed state

COLUMBELLA. Weil. d

of the species, a form which Sowerby has described as C. peecila
(figs. 100, 1), from the Philippines. C. spectrum, Reeve (fig. 2),
C. nana, Mich. (fig. 3), C. pallida, Desh., C. daliola, Duclos
(fig. 5), and C. lysiska, Duclos (fig. 6), are synonyms.

C. SouvERBIEI, Crosse. PI. 46, fig. 8.

Shell ovate, with short spire; slightly nodulous on the shoulder,
and covered by revolving str; white, maculated with large
irregular chocolate spots, forming two broad bands on the body-
whorl, and chestnut punctations at the suture ; violaceous within
-the aperture. Length, 8°5 mill.

New Caledonia.

Closely allied to C. varians, but ditfering in being less tuber=

culated, in coloring, in the absence of the dark basal spot, ete.

C. muita, Duclos. Pl. 46, fig. 7.
Shell thick, ovate, round-shouldered, with obsolete revolving
ribs ; white, with zigzag chestnut markings. Length, ‘7 inch.
Habitat unknown.
Figured and named, but not described; I am unable to
identify it.

C. patiipa, Philippi.
Shell oblong-fusiform, with revolving striz ; white, with a single
chestnut band, composed of maculations ; aperture violaceous

within. Length, °5 inch.
Mazatlan.

This species, described twenty-five years ago, but never figured,
remains unrecognized. Carpenter, who so thoroughly studied
the mollusca of Mazatlan, and of the West Coast of North
America, could make nothing of it. Philippi compares it with
C. azora, Duclos, which, he says, it resembles in form but differs
in being one- instead of three-banded.

Co scatpra, Reeve. Pl. 46, fig. 9.

Shell ovate, transparent golden yellow, marked transversely
with sharply angular pale lines; spire short; whorls longitudi-
nally plicately ribbed; aperture small, oblong, sinuous; lip
thickened, notched at the upper part, denticulated within.

Length, -25 inch.

Habitat unknown.

112 COLUMBELLA.

C. HUMEROSA, Carpenter.

‘

Shell small, turreted, with elevated spire, distant rounded longi-
tudinal ribs and sharp revolving striz ; white with fuscous lines

or maculations. Length, -26 inch.
Acapulco.

Said to possess the sculpture of RAizocheilus and the tall spire
of Anachis, yet to belong, apparently, to the restricted typical
genus. Unfigured, and unknown to me.

C. Borvint, Kiener. Pl. 46, figs. 10, 11.

Shoulder of whorls nodulous, with sometimes a second row of
smaller nodules on the body-whorl, lower part with revolving
strie; dark chocolate, nearly black, covered by minute white
spots; aperture white, the lips stained with chocolate.

Length, *75—1 inch.

West Coast of Central America.

C. Sowerbyt, Duclos (fig. 11), appears to be a not fully grown
specimen of this species.

C. pEcussATA, Sowb. PI. 46, fig. 12.

Shell oblong, thick, white, marbled with brown; spire turreted ;
whorls five, rather swollen, decussately sculptured into numerous
tubercles ; aperture whitish. Length,@7 mill.

Australia.
C. cHLOROSTOMA, Sowb. PI. 46, fig. 13.

Shell yellowish white, with chestnut bands spotted with black
on the ribs; interior orange-brown. Length, 16 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Published by Sowerby many years ago, and not since identified.

C. mitrata, Menke. PI. 46, fig. 14.
Longitudinally ribbed, interstices towards the base latticed ;
yellowish, with two broad chocolate bands. Length, 10-15 mill.?

Australia.
I am not acquainted with this species.

C. Ductos1ana, Sowb. Pl. 46, fig. 15.
Shell longitudinally ribbed, obsoletely striate; dark brown,
with obsolete bands under a dusky epidermis; aperture viola-

ceous or brown. Length, 15-18 mill.
Malacca, Java, Philippines.

/

NITIDELLA. HES}

Section II. Nitidella, Swains.

Shell oval, smooth, with elevated spire; aperture somewhat
effuse below; columella with two small anterior plications ; outer
lip somewhat thickened.

C. tavieata, Linn. PI. 46, figs. 16-21.

Shell thin, ovate, somewhat ventricose, smooth, shining, under
a thin epidermis ; white, with coarse or fine longitudinal, brown
zigzag lines, often broken up into spots and maculations; the
suture is often maculated with white, and there is frequently a
band of chocolate spots on the periphery, and visible on the
spire-whorls. Length, ‘7-8 inch.

West Indies.

There are two well-marked types of coloration in this common
species, with intermediate stages: in one, the shell is covered
by alternate irregular longitudinal markings of white and
chestnut, the suture is not maculated, there is no band on the
periphery ; in the other, the longitudinal lines are so close and
fine as to nearly cover the shell with a chestnut-color, and are
often broken up into spots and maculations; upon this back-
ground are white maculations at the suture, and a row of chocolate
spots on the periphery. The synonyms are C. alaperdicis,
Reeve (fig. 18), C. concinna, Sowb. (fig. 19), and possibly C.
faleonta (fig. 20), and C. helvia (fig. 21), Duclos—the two last
being undescribed but figured and named.

C. LIVESCENS, Reeve. PI. 46, fig. 22.

Shell ovately turbinated, rather solid; spire sharp, finely
ribbed towards the apex; whorls rather stout, convex, smooth ;
orange-brown, shining, bluish, marbled with white dots; columella
lipped, aperture rather small, purplish, lip thickened, slightly
contracted in the middle, denticulated within. Length, -5 inch.

Philippines (Cuming) ; Sandwich Is. (von Martens).

I have not seen this species, but Reeve’s figure is very sug-

gestive of C. levigata.

C. niTipa, Lam. PI. 46, fig. 23.

Shell narrowly oblong, compressed, smooth, shining ; irregu-

15

1]4 NITIDELLA.

larly marbled and spotted with white and yellow, chestnut or
chocolate-color ; apex of spire often violet. Length, *6—8 inch.
West Indies, on coral in 2-8 feet water.
It is the C. nitidula of Sowerby, but scarcely of Linneus.

C. Broperipit, Sowerby. PI. 46, figs. 24-26.

Shell narrowly oblong, with rather elevated spire, smooth,
shining; yellowish white, with longitudinal chestnut reticulations ;
aperture white; outer lip broadly notched above.

Length, *4 inch.

Philippines.

C. strigata, Reeve (fig. 26). appears to = this species.

C. rtoccaTa, Reeve. Pl. 46, fig. 27.

Shell cylindrically ovate, inflated, subtransparent, reticulated
with orange, promiscuously flaked with opaque white; spire
rather obtuse, whorls convex, smooth; aperture rather small,
columella excavated, lip simple. Length, 13 mill.

Cape Colony.

I do not know this species.

C. Kraussi, Sowb. Pl. 46, figs. 28, 29.

Shell obsoletely longitudinally plicate, the plicw distant ;
aperture broad, lip simple; white with longitudinal waved
chestnut lines. Length, 7 mill.

Natal, So. Africa.

In shape and painting resembles C. Broderipii, Sowb., but
differs in sculpture. In C. cerealis, Menke (fig. 29), the ribs are
better developed, but I do not believe that it is a distinct species.
C. LEUcOsTOMA, Gaskoin. PI. 46, fig. 30.

Shell smooth, acuminately ovate; upper half of body-whorl
and spire reticulated with orange-brown, lower half of body,

aperture and a sutural band, white. Length, 9 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. BaccaTA, Gaskoin. PI. 46, fig. 31.

Shell ovate, smooth, shining, with elevated spire; white, tes-
sellated with chestnut, the tessellations usually forming one to

three bands on the body-whorl. Length, 6 mill.
Central America, Gulf of California, Cape St. Lucas.

C. picuroa, Sowb. PI. 46, figs. 32, 33.

Shell smooth, narrow, with elongated spire; color alternate

.

NITIDELLA. TS

irregular broad longitudinal stripes of white and chestnut or
chocolate, sometimes nearly covered by the darker colors, which
also stain the interior. Length, 6-7 mill.

f West Indies.

99

C. Schramm, Petit (fig. 33), is a synonym.

C. pusitua, Sowb. PI. 46, fig 34.
Shell smooth, with elongated spire; yellowish white, with
longitudinal flexuose stripes of chestnut, and sometimes bands

of spots of the same color. Length, 4 mill.
West Indies.
C. ELEGANS, Dall.

Shell subulate, acutely pointed, smooth, polished, solid; yel-
lowish, with white dots on the spire and upper portion of body-
whorl, and longitudinal fluctuating chestnut stripes.

Length, -28 inch.

Panama.

Described from a single specimen and unfigured. The name
is preoccupied by Sowerby for a species of the section Strombina.

C. MILLEPUNCTATA, Carpenter.

Shell small, livid, shining, with elevated spire, somewhat
flattened whorls and distinct suture ; nuclear whorls smooth,
subsequent ones obsoletely radiately lirulate, the last smooth ;
maculate and minutely punctate with orange-color arranged in
quincunx ; a white band at the suture; aperture subquadrate ;
outer lip thickened, six-dentate within; inner lip lirulate at the

base. Length, ‘3 inch.
* Cape St. Lucas.
Unfigured, and unknown to me.

C. DENSILINEATA, Carpenter.

Form of the last species, but with flattened whorls and indis-
tinct suture ; livid, with close orange-brown longitudinal divari-

cating lines. Length, °25 inch.
Cape St. Lucas.
Unfigured. Probably a mere variation of the preceding
species.

C. Virrensts, Dunker. Viti Islands.
C. puicatuna, Dunker. Viti Islands.

The above species are referred to Nitidella; they are unfigured,
and I have not seen them.

116 ALIA.

Section III. Alia, H. and A. Adams.

Shell thin, smooth, with moderate spire ; aperture oval; inner
lip finely crenulated, outer lip thick, not callous in the middle,
striate within.

C. carinaTa, Hinds. PI. 47, figs. 35-39.

Shell smooth; fulvous, encircled by two or three bands of
chestnut and white flocked spots; base of shell and apex. of
spire stained with chocolate; inner margin of the outer lip
frequently similarly colored. Length, 75-10 mill.

Cape St Lucas, L. Cal. to Sitka.

The above is the description of the larger, smooth, northern
variety, called by Gould C. gausapata (fig. 837): these are not
earinate, but pass by imperceptible stages into the smaller C.
Californiana, Gaskoin, the subcarinate C. Hindsii, Reeve (fig.
38), the stumpy, strongly carinate C. carinata (figs. 35, 36) and
the equally small, but more graceful, and scarcely carinate C.
Gouldi, Carpenter. I have selected from these names that of
the earliest published, but with some misgiving because it
describes a state of the species which must be regarded as
abnormal; I have been partly influenced to do this because Mr.
W. H. Dall similarly arranged the synonymy of the species ten
years since. (C. Gouldi is said to differ in its operculum, but the
operculum is known to vary in other species of Columbella from
fusoid to purpuroid. C. collaris, Reeve (fig. 39), is probably a
large example of the carinate form. 7

C. UNIFASCIATA, Sowerby. PI. 47. figs. 40-44.

Shell ovate, smooth, with revolving striz at the base of the
body-whorl; chocolate, with or without a lighter band on the
periphery ; chocolate or chestnut-color within the aperture.

Length, 12 mill.

Galapagos Islands; Coast of Peru and Chili; Magellan’s Straits.

C. unicolor, Sowb. (fig. 41), the unfigured C. unizonalis, Gray,
and C. sordida, d’Orb. (fig. 42), are synonyms. C. castanea,
Gould (fig. 43), is also evidently the same species ; it is said to
have been obtained by the Wilkes Exploring Expedition at Rio
Janeiro, but as the expedition visited the West Coast of South
America also, it is probable that the locality given may be incor-

MITRELLA. ip yy

rect. I have specimens of the original lot before me; they do
not differ from unifasciata. The very short description given
by Lamarck of his C. unifascialis leaves little doubt that it was
intended for this species: it is said to have come from the Isle of
France, and has never been identified positively. I include also
C. ebenum, Phil., an unfigured species from Magellan’s Straits.

C. ELECTROIDES, Reeve. PI. 47, fig. 44.

Shell ovate, smooth, rather thin; reddish fulvous, articulated
with white next the sutures. Length, 13 mill.
: Bay of Guayaquil.
C. INFUMATA, Crosse. PI. 47, fig. 45.
Shell ovate-elongate, rather thick, smooth, not shining;
chestnut-brown, with scarcely visible white maculations next

the suture. Length, 12 mill.
So. Australia.

Section [V. Mitrella, Risso

Shell mitriform,smooth, with moderate spire; columella smooth
or with a few anterior rugosities ; outer lip smooth or erenulated
within. I unite with this group Astyris and Amycla (in part) of
H.and A. Adams. The principal species of the latter are true
Nassx, and are described in vol. iv, 36, 37.

C. mwaina, Duclos. Pl. 47, figs. 46, 47.

Shell smooth, polished, yellowish or rosy white, apex pink,
with a row of opaque white spots on the periphery, sometimes
shaded, and occasionally reappearing at the sutures of the upper

whorls. Length, 8 mill.
St. Thomas, W. I. (Swift).

Under a glass, the shell is sometimes covered with smooth,
rounded longitudinal ribs; the outer lip appears to be smooth
within. C. guiturosa, Duclos (fig. 47), is a larger shell according
to the figure given, but does not otherwise differ from a faded
state of C. idalina.

C. MoLECULINA, Duclos. PI. 47, figs. 48, 49.

Shell white, with an open network of chestnut, and darker
chestnut curved markings near the suture, defining a sutural
band; sometimes the surface is covered with chocolate, except

the sutural space and the defining markings.
Habitat unknown,

118 MITRELLA.

The dark-surfaced species included in the above description is
C. denticulata, Duclos (fig. 49); the form of the shell and pattern
of coloration leave not a doubt of its identity with C. moleculina.
I feel almost assured of the identity of these shells with C. ida-
lina, although I find none among the numerous specimens of that
shell before me, showing their coloration.

C. REEvE!, Carpenter. PI. 47, fig. 50.

Shell with fine revolving linear grooves; white more or less
clouded or spotted with chestnut-brown, often forming a revolving
row of spots below the suture, or brown with white spots below
the suture; interior of outer lip very faintly plicate.

Length, 8 mill.

Guacomayo to Cape St. Lucas, Cal.

First described by Carpenter as C. Santa-Barbarensis, and
subsequently changed as above, because the species is of more
tropical distribution, and is believed not to approach Santa-
Barbara, Cal.

C. rontpa, Duclos. PI. 47, fig. 51.

Shell uniform pale rose or orange, the spire and upper portion
of the body with rounded longitudinal ribs, the lower portion of
the body-whorl with revolving lines ; outer lip dentate within.

Length, 13 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Although comparatively large the original figures of this
species appear to indicate juvenility. The form of the shell
scarcely permits its arrangement in this group, recalling that of
the typical Columbellas, but the dentition of the outer lip is
different, and in the sculpture there is some analogy with C.
idalina.

C. riRRORATA, Reeve. PI. 47, fig. 52.

Shell acuminately oblong,smooth, spire acicular, whorls convex,
the last groove-striated at the base; yellowish, finely dotted ~
with orange throughout, and encircled beneath the sutures with
orange-shaded, snow-white spots; aperture ovate, lip denticulated
within. Length, 15 mill.

Australia (Mus. Cuming), Tasmania (Woods).
C. actcuLA, Reeve. PI. 47, figs. 53, 54.
Shell subulate,slender, solid variegated throughout with minute

MITRELLA. 119

brown flames and opaque white; spire sharp; whorls seven, flatly
convex ; aperture small, lip thickened, denticulated within.

Length, 19 mill.

California (Mus. Cuming).

This locality has not been verified by Californian collectors,
and I do not know that the species has been recognized by con-
chologists generally: Iam unacquainted with it. C, vewxillum,
Reeve (fig. 54), appears to be a state of this species in which
the flames are replaced by irregular longitudinal strigations ; it
is said to come from the Gulf of California, and is equally
unknown to me.

C. niaguLA, Duclos. PI. 47, fig. 55.

Shell oblong, acuminated, smooth; whitish, yellowish, stone-
color, ete., with three marbled or closely reticulated bands of
chestnut or slate-color, sometimes interspersed with white spots,
sometimes the bands are confluent, covering the whole surface
or nearly all; aperture white, the outer lip plicate within, slightly
notched and shouldered posteriorly. Length, *8—1 inch.

Philippines, Solomon's and Viti Islands.

One of the most beautiful of the species and varying infinitely

in the shades and disposition of the colors.

©. Inpica, Reeve. Pl. 47, fig. 56.

Shell with revolving grooves; white, with two series of revolving
oblique chocolate spots; lip thickened, denticulated within.

Length, 11 mill.

India (Cuming).
C. impoLita, Sowb. PI. 47, figs. 57, 58.

Shell elongately turreted, spire plicately ribbed towards the
apex; whorls flatly convex, fulvous chestnut, encircled above
with a white band ; aperture small, denticulated within.

Habitat unknown.

This species was described from a single worn specimen in the
Cumingian collection. From this specimen, presumably, the two
very different illustrations in Sowerby (fig. 57) and Reeve (fig.
58) were drawn. Sowerby figures and describes a shell with
smooth spire-whorls.

C. vitTaTa, Reeve. PI. 47, fig. 59.

Shell acicular, fulvous, encircled with a single, superior, broad

120 MITRELLA.

chestnut band; whorls flatly convex, smooth ; aperture small, lip
simple. Length, 7-9 mill.
Iba, Province of Zambales, Luzon, Philippines (Cuming).

I have before me two specimens said to come from Australia
which perfectly agree with the above shell except that the outer
lip is toothed within; if they are of this species, they connect
it with C. ¢mpolita.

C. INTEXTA, Gaskoin. PI. 47, figs. 60-62.

Shell acicular, smooth, with revolving striz at the base ; white,
longitudinally strigated and spotted with dark chestnut or choco-
late ; outer lip smooth, or slightly plicate within.

Length, 18 mill.
Darnley Isl., Torres Sts., N. Australia (Brazier).

The synonymy includes C. fusillus, Reeve (fig. 61) and C.
crepusculum, Reeve (fig. 62).

C. AcHATINA, Sowb. PI. 47, figs. 63, 64.

Shell smooth; yellowish white, marbled and longitudinally
flamed with chestnut; whorls six, flatly convex, the body-whorl
with basal revolving striz; aperture brownish or violaceous,
outer lip thickened and dentate within. Length, ‘8 inch.

Swan River, Australia.

Sowerby’s figure (fig. 63), which is decollated, is from an indi-
vidual with more convex whorls than that represented by the
(probably enlarged) figure in Reeve (fig. 64).

C. LinconNnEnsis, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 65.

Shell smooth, shining, striate at the base; spire long, sharp
pointed; whorls flattened ; yellowish white, covered by a network
of chestnut, sometimes sparsely, and frequently so close as to
cause the surface to appear a uniform chestnut-color; aperture
chestnut or violaceous within, the outer lip interiorly dentate.

Length, 12 mill.

Australia, Tasmania.

This is a common species ; and may be a small variety of C.
achatina—from which it hardly differs in form, and but little in
coloring.

C. MENKEANA, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 66.

Narrowly acuminated, smooth, fulvous, encircled sometimes

by an interrupted red band on the periphery, and another below

MITRELLA. 121

the suture; aperture short, wide below, with truncated canal ; lip
slightly notched above, faintly denticulated within.
Length, 15 mill.

Australia.
The spots on the bands are frequently arrow-shaped.

C. BELLA, Reeve. Pl. 48, fig. 67.

Shell fusiformly pyramidal, with long pointed spire, and rather
flat whorls, separated by a well-marked suture; yellowish white,
with chestnut longitudinal flames, a light band at the suture,
with chestnut fasciculations, another light band on the periphery,

bordered with chestnut spots. Length, 13 mill.
China.

C. BLANDA, Sowb. PI. 48, figs. 68, 69.

Shell ovately pyramidal, smooth, polished, slightly striate at
the base; outer lip shouldered and obscurely sinuate above,
usually barely dentate within ; white, with narrow, longitudinal,
zigzag chestnut lines, which become darker at the suture, and
especially on the back of the shell; interior whitish.

Length, 13 mill.

Africa (Solander),

C. adiostina, Duclos (fig. 69), a figured but undescribed species,
ignored by subsequent monographers, appears to me to approxi-
mate to this form.

C. auBina, Kiener. PI. 48, figs. 70, 71.

Shell oblong, smooth; body-whorl slightly shouldered at the
suture, where it is sometimes rudely plicate on the back, base
smooth or sparsely striate; outer lip much thickened, and dentate
within; whitish, variously spotted, marbled or banded with
chestnut, yellow or slate-color ; aperture white or yellowish.

Length, 18 mill.

Philippines (Cuming), Viti Isles (Garrett).
C. MARGARITA, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 72.

Shell ovate, stout, with obtuse spire, smooth, somewhat swollen
and wrinkled beneath the suture; yellowish white, with chestnut
and opaque white maculations, sometimes obscurely banded and
usually with a row of small chestnut spots defining a white or

maculated subsutural band. Length, 10 mill.
Sandwich Islands.

Related to C. albina, but smaller, stouter, spire more obtuse, ete,
16

122 MITRELLA.

C. CRIBRARIA, Lam. PI. 48, figs. 73-77

Shell oblong-pyramidal, the apex usually truncated ; reticulated
with chestnut or chocolate and white, sometimes obscurely light-
banded below the periphery ; usually, the chocolate color predomi-
nates, so that the white appears,upon it as a series of regularly

disposed round white spots ; interior of aperture white, in adults,

the outer lip dentate within. Length, ‘7 inch.
West Indies, Mazatlan to Cape St. Lucas, Panama,
Galapagos, Goree, West Africa, Ascension Isl.

There can be no doubt of the large distribution of this species
indicated by the above localities. The Seas of Java and Philip-
pines have been also cited, but not with the same certainty as
the others. The species appears to be equally common in the
West Indies and in the subtropical waters of the West Coast of
N. America. Gmelin’s name, Voluta ocellata, has priority, but
the species is so well known as C. cribraria that it would be
inadvisable to change it.

C.argus, V’Orb (fig. 76), appears to be the juvenile state. Buc.
parvulum, Dunker (fig. 77), is a synonym.

C. DELICATA, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 78.

Shell smooth and shining; yellowish white with a delicate close
network of orange-red lines ; lip slightly sinuated above, denticu-

lated within. Length, 13 mill.
Guatemala.

Is perhaps only a variety of C. cribraria.

C. CERVINETTA, Carpenter.

The typical form was described from a single specimen °27
inch long, the var. obsoleta from a juvenile and adult, the latter
of which is 19 inch long. The pattern of coloring is said to be
like C. cribraria, but the spire is supposed to present distinctive

features.
Mazatlan.
Not figured.

C. Datu, E. A. Smith.

Shell fusiformly ovate, yellowish white, reticulated with pale
brown, the interstices being of irregular shapes and sizes—or in
other words, it is pale brown, closely spotted irregularly with
yellowish white; epidermis very thin; apex eroded, remaining

MITRELLA. 123

whorls 6, flattish or scarcely convex, smooth, separated by a deep
suture, giving the spire a slightly turreted aspect; last whorl
feebly angular at the middle, contracted inferiorly, and striated
around the extremity ; aperture pale lilac within, occupying about
three-sevenths of the entire length ; outer lip arcuate, thickened,
especially at the upper part; thin at the margin, and armed
within the mouth with about 7 elongated tubercles ; columella
arched above, oblique at the base, with indications of one or two
tubercles below the middle, covered with a thin whitish callosity ;
basal canal a little recurved.

L. 14, diam. 5°33 mill. ; aperture 6 long, 2°5 broad.

Vancouver's Island.

This species is broader than C. eribraria, has a less acuminated
and more turreted spire, and the color is much paler; the outer
lip, too, does not exhibit nearly so distinct a superior sinus and
the last whorl is more contracted at the base, forming more of
a distinct basal canal with the lower extremity of the labrum.

The above is the full description of this unfigured species.
The distinctive characters from C. cribraria do not appear to be
very well marked, and the habitat given perhaps needs verifi-
cation.

C. papata, H. Adams.

Shell narrow, elongate ; pallid luteous, reticulated with chestnut
and maculated with the same color at the suture ; outer lip sinuated
behind, not dentate. Length, 5 mill.

New Hebrides.

I have not seen this species; the description much resembles a

small, well-covered C. cribraria.

C. optita, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 78.

Shell minutely spirally striated throughout; transparent white,
with longitudinal orange-brown streaks ; aperture small, the colu-
mella excavated, the outer lip simple. Length, 8 mill.

Peru.
C. vELATA, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 79.

Shell ovate, smooth, shining; very densely reticulated with
chestnut, whorls rather flattened ; aperture small, lip denticulated
within, slightly sinuated at the upper part.

Habitat unknown,

124 MITRELLA.

A smooth shell, of simple growth, veiled, as it were, with a
very close network painting of dark chestnut.

I reproduce Reeve’s description and figure; the type was in
the Taylor collection. It looks very much like a well-covered
specimen of C. cribraria.

C. rtExuosa, Lam. PI. 48, figs. 81, 82.
Shelloblong,thick,smooth; whitish, with longitudinal chestnut-
colored, flexuous lines ; spire acuminated, volutions seven, (some-
times) furnished with a single row of small tubercles ; aperture
oblong-ovate, white within; internal teeth of the outer lip few

and distant. Length, 18 mill.
Isle of France.

This is a very doubtfully identified species. Sowerby states
that the only specimen he has seen was) obtained from the
Lamarckian collection by Mr. Cuming, and was tuberculated as
above described: on the other hand the specimen figured by
Kiener (fig. 81),as from the Lamarckian collection is smooth, and
differs in other respects from Sowerby’s example. The figures
in Sowerby (fig. 82) and Reeve are so close to C. Australis,
Gaskoin, as to strongly indicate specific identity—in which case,
Lamarck’s species would, of course, have priority.

C. EMARGINATA, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 84.

Shell ovate, rather stout, shining; whitish, banded and blotched
with red-brown network, spirally bilineated towards the apex;
spire rather short, sharp, whorls ribbed near the apex, then
smooth ; aperture small, lip conspicuously notched at the upper
part, strongly denticulated within. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unkuown.

This shell, in the Cumingian collection, is said to be like CG.
pulchella (= elegantula) but more solid and more strongly
colored, with a more than usual emargination of the lip.

C. MIcANS, Pease. PI. 48, fig. 85.

Shell smooth, polished, slightly striate at the base; spire-
whorls flattened, apex acute; light purple, under fine chestnut
streaks and reticulations, the sutures generally marked with a
row of narrow white lines; aperture light purple within; outer

lip dentate.
Paumotus Isles (Pease); Viti Isles (Garrett).

MITRELLA. | 125

Apparently closely allied to the preceding species, but has
smooth spire-whorls, and somewhat different coloring.

C. Brooker, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 86.

Shell fusiform, narrow, somewhat curved, smooth, linearly
erooved at the base; yellowish, densely waved with chestnut
streaks, stained darker at the base; aperture narrow, lip denticu-
lated within.

Sarawak, Borneo (Mus. Taylor).

Iam not acquainted with this species; the figure resembles
the smooth variety of C. zebra, Gray, except that the spire is
longer.

by ¢
as. 8 (= is)

C. SEMICONVEXA, Lam. PI. 48, fig
Shell rather thick, smooth, striated at base; pale, longitudinally
flamed and reticulated with red-brown; aperture roseate within ;
outer lip strongly dentate. Length, 8-18 mill.
S. Australia, Tasmania.

Varies considerably in form and coloring.

With this are to be placed as synonyms C. rosacea, Reeve (fig.
89), and C. saccharata, Reeve | fig. 90), short and long specimens
which have lost their overlying reticulated pattern of chestnut
spots and flames. C. lutea, Quoy (fig. 91), from Tonga-Taboo,
is an unrecognized species, which may perhaps be a worn C.
semiconvexa; very likely C. polila, Reeve (fig. 92), described
from a single specimen in the Taylor collection, and without
habitat, is alsoa synonym. C. miltostoma, Tenison-Woods, was
described from a small specimen, six millimetres long; I have
specimens (fig. 93) agreeing essentially with this description
and eight mill. in length, strongly resembling C. rosacea, above ;
the two may constitute a minor variety, perhaps.

Wr Picta, Reeve. Pl. 48, fis. 940 <_

Shell ovate, rather thick, spire somewhat obtuse, smooth ;
reticulately flamed with chocolate and white; aperture rather
small, narrow; lip thickened, denticulated within.

Length, 13°5 mill.

Habitat unknown (Mus. Cuming).
I think this will prove to be a color-variation of the last
species.

126 MITRELLA.

C. Ticaonis, Sowerby. PI. 48, fig. 95.

Shell ovate, turgid in the middle, with moderate spire, spirally
striated ; longitudinally marbled with pale yellowish and chestnut ;
outer lip thickened externally, its edge thin, with a few small
denticles within. Length, 11 mill.

I. Ticao, Philippines; at 7 fathoms in sandy mud (H. Cuming).

“A bright, richly painted shell, rather more attenuately
restricted at the base than is usual in this genus.”—Reeve.

I am not acquainted with this species.

C. pictua, Tenison-Woods. PI. 48, fig. 96.

Shell small, narrowly ovate, with acute spire, shining; closely
angularly reticulated with yellow and brown, forming acute zigzag
markings of equal width; aperture ovate, wide in front.

Length, 9 mill.
N. Tasmania.

The form is like a very small C. semiconvexa; there are no
spots or cloudings of any kind. The species has not been here-
tofore figured; I am able to give an illustration from a specimen
kindly communicated to me by Mr. C. E. Beddome of Hobart
Town.

C. AusTRALIS, Gaskoin. PI. 49, figs. 97, 98.

Shell fusiformly oblong, fulvous reticulated and blotched with
chestnut, sometimes with an obscure covered broad white band at
the suture and a narrower one below the periphery ; body-whorl
contracted below, with revolving striz ; outer lip usually dentic-

ulated within. Length, 15-18 mill.
New South Wales, Australia.

It is found under stones, at low tide, in company with C.
semiconvexa ; from which it is distinguished by its anterior con-
traction and (in fresh specimens) by its epidermal frill below the
sutures. Sometimes the entire body-whorl is obscurely striate.
The variability of the species is shown by the second figure.

C. Austrina, Gaskoin. Pl. 49, fig. 99.
Shell smooth, ivory-white, shining, with a broad red or rosy
band on the periphery; lip notched above, strongly dentated

within. Length, 13 mill.
Australia.
C. ANNULATA, Reeve. PI. 49, fig. 100.

Shell smooth, ivory-white, with a conspicuous narrow chestnut

MITRELLA. 127

revolving line, appearing on the spire-whorls; outer lip faintly
sinuated above, denticulate within. Length, 13 mill.
Australia.
The form is the same as in C. austrina, the only difference
being in the position and width of the colored band. I think
that they will prove to be identical, and that both are described
from worn specimens which have lost a more superficial coloring.

C. ARANEOSA, Gould.

Shell, form of C. austrina, but reticulated and maculated with
fulvous and white ; aperture violet-tinted. Length, 10 mill.
Kagostma Bay and China Coust (Stimpson).
Not figured. The types were, I suppose, destroyed in the great
Chicago fire.

C. BuccrnorpEs, Sowb. PI. 49, fig. 1.

Shell deep chocolate, nearly black, usually with a row of white
spots on the periphery,and sometimes a less conspicuous similar
row at the suture ; aperture dark within. Length, 18 mill.

Peru, under stones at low water (Cuming).

C. AvENA, Reeve. PI. 49, fig. 2.
Shell smooth, shining, striated below ; reticulated, flamed and

spotted with orange-chestnut and white; aperture violet-tinted,
denticulated within. Length, 13 mill.

Buffalo, Cape Colony.
C. TenvuIs, Gaskoin. Pl. 49, fig. 3.

Shell thin, with acuminated spire and inflated body-whorl,
smooth, striated below; whitish, with bold flames and zigzag
lines of orange-brown; aperture purplish, expanded below; outer
lip thin, without teeth, sinuated posteriorly. Length, 14 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. puntta, Gaskoin. PI. 49, figs. 4—7.

Shell acuminately oblong, dark chestnut or chocolate-color
without and within, columella whitish or sometimes tessellated
with chestnut; sometimes the surface is lighter-colored, and then
it reveals an obscure reticulated pattern with faint spots at the
suture and on the periphery ; outer lip without teeth.

Length, 13 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia.

C. nuw, Reeve (fig. 5), appears to be merely a somewhat
stouter example of this species. C.badia, 'Tenison-W oods (fig. 6),

128 _ MITRELLA.

is also a synonym; and perhaps C. Roblini of the same author
(fig. 7) also belongs here.

C. Russevui1, Brazier. Pl. 49, fig 8.

Shell cylindrically oblong, somewhat fusiform, smooth ; white,
encircled with dark orange spots; on the last whorl there are
two rows of spots, the upper row larger, the lower long and
reticulated, those above the suture arrow-shaped; outer lip
smooth within. Length, 4°5 mill.

Claremont Group, N. H. Australia.

Described from a single specimen.

C. TENEBRICA, Reeve. Pl. 49, fig. 9.
Shell smooth, dark fulvous chestnut, obscurely longitudinally

streaked ; whorls rather flattened ; aperture small, interior dark

chestnut, lip simple. Length, 9 mill.
Tlabitut unknown.

Said to be distinguished from C. pulla by its color-stripes and
by the dark-colored columella. It is a doubtful species.

C. Tenison1, Tryon. Pl. 49, fig. 10.

Shell ovate, sub-biconical, smooth, shining; pale chestnut very
thickly ornamented with chestnut longitudinal lines, sometimes
with two revolving bands of white spots; whorls five, somewhat
flatly tumid, aperture ovate, acute posteriorly, outer lip thickened,

dentate within. Length, 3 mill.
. Tasmania.

The revolving bands are not present on the two specimens
sent to me by Mr. Beddome, one of which I figure. The longitu-
dinal coloring is so close and fine as to give the whole shell a
dusky brown appearance, the markings being only distinguishable
under alens. Described by Mr. Tenison-Woods as C. minuta, a
name preoccupied by Gould.
>). ANGASI, Brazier. Pl. 49, fig. 11.

Shell smooth, yellowish with longitudinal flexuous chestnut
lines, interrupted at the suture and on the periphery by yellowish

bands with scolloped borders ; aperture white, lip dentate within.

Length, 5 mill.
South Australia.

Described by Angas as C. interrupta, a name preoccupied by
Gaskoin, Mr. Crosse has united the preceding species with this,

MITRELLA. 129

but upon a comparison of specimens I am not able to arrive at a
like conclusion. Mr. Andrew Garrett writes to me that C. Vitiensis,
Dunker, has been referred here by one of his English corres-
pondents.

C. zepra, Gray. PI. 49, figs. 12-14.

Shell oblong, somewhat pyramidal, either smooth, or the upper
part of the body-whorl and spire obscurely tuberculately folded,
striate below ; white with zebra-like longitudinal chestnut mark-
ings, more or less interrupted or broken up into spots; folds,
when present, usually colored; interior slightly violet-tinted ;
outer lip smooth or barely dentate within. Length, 9-13 mill,

New Zealand, Japan, Paumotus, Sandwich Islands.

With this species must be united CU. Pacifica, Gask. (fig. 18),
and C. miser, Sowb. (fig. 14). There can be no doubt of the
extensive distribution indicated above.

C. Dunxerri, Tryon. PI. 49, fig. 15.

Shell smooth, ovate-conic, suleate at the base, apex acute ;
color variable, rosy or orange, or white, reticulated or undulated,
banded or maculated with chestnut; aperture light violet or
white, the lip thickened and dentate ; operculum purpuroid.

Length, 7-13 mill. Jupan.

Very variable in both coloring and form, and referred by
Dunker, who described it under the name of varians, to the genus
Amycla. As I do not recognize the generic distinctness of
Amycla, lam compelled to change the name—that of varians
having been used for a Columbella, many years earlier, by
Sowerby.

C. Burcuarpi, Dunker. PI. 49, fig. 17.

Shell smooth, with fine revolving strive, becoming more dis-
tinct towards the base; lip thickened, slightly sulcate within,
externally subvaricose; white, undulated or irregularly maculated
with chestnut. Length, 15-18 mill.

Japan.
C. Hanueyi, Desh. PI. 49, fig. 16.

Shell small, ovate-conic, smooth; white variegated and

marbled with chestnut; aperture white within; lip thickened

and quadridentate within. Length, 9 mill.
I, Bourbon.

iy

130 MITRELLA.

C. compra, Lischke. Japan.

Described from a single, juvenile specimen, and not figured.

C. scripra, Linn. Pl. 49, figs. 18-21.

Shell smooth, shining, yellowish white, usually marbled or
broadly longitudinally striped with chestnut or chocolate-color ;
interior of aperture often yellowish or brownish; outer lip some-
what thickened, denticulated within. Length, 10-13 mill.
Mediterranean, littoral ; fossil in European tertiaries.

The synonymy of this species is very large, including C.
corniculata, Lam. (fig. 19), C. Gervillei, Payr. (fig. 20), some-
times considered a variety, C. Crossiana, Recluz (fig. 21), and
C. Brisei, Brus. = var. coccinea, Monterosato.

C. Marrens!, Lischke. Pl. 49, fig. 22.

Shell turreted subulate, smooth, under a corneous epidermis ;
whitish with undulating lines or flames of chestnut, frequently
forming articulated bands at the suture, and on the middle and

base of the body-whorl; lip acute, thickened and dentate within.

Length, 20 mill.
Japan.
Allied in form,and frequently in coloring, to C. scripta, Linn.

C. LuNATA, Say. PI. 49, fig. 23.

Whorls six, nearly smooth, with usually a single revolving
line below the suture, and a few around the base; suture not
deepiy impressed; aperture narrow, slightly angulated above,
and shortly channeled below; lip simple, dentate within; color
reddish brown or yellowish, with one or more series of sublunate
white spots on the body-whorl; occasionally uniform reddish
brown, or with sublunate dark markings. Length, 5 mill.

Massachusetts to Florida.

Animal pale whitish ; foot linear, nearly as long as the shell,
acute behind, truncate in front; proboscis more than half the
length of the shell, obtuse at tip with a brown annulation and
another at the base; tentacula short, cylindrical, annulate with
blackish on the middle; eyes black, at the base of the tentacula.
C. Wheatley, De Kay and C. Gouldiana, Agassiz, are synonyms.

C. zonauis, Linsley. Pl. 49, fig. 24.

Shell small, ovate-conical, longitudinally substriate, fuscous,

MITRELLA. 131

often with three white zones; whorls five, flattened; aperture
about half the total length. Animal white. Length, 4°5 mill.
New England.

Differs in coloring and form, being more attenuated, and in

the want of inferior revolving lines from @C. lunata—which
attains about the same dimensions. This species is better known
under the name of C. dissimilis, Stimpson, C. zonalis having
been described from an immature shell.

C. DERMESTOIDES, Kiener. Pl. 49, fig. 25.

Shell smooth, shining, of five or six whorls,covered with reddish
ocellations and banded with alternate white and reddish spots
on the periphery ; outer lip thin, slightly dentate within.

Length, 8 mill.

West Indies.

Kiener gives the Mediterranean Sea as locality, which is an
error; as well as Angas’ identification of an Australian species
with it. Reeve’s figure scarcely represents the shell. Compare
with C. moleculina, Duclos.

C. sPIRANTHA, Ravenel.

Shell small, ovate-conic; smooth, except at the base, where
there are a few revolving lines; whorls seven, in mature speci-
mens, nearly flat, with the suture distinct; color brown, with a
series of irregular triangular spots of a dull yellow; sometimes
the general color is dull yellow, with brown waving lines, marking
off the whorls with the irregular spots; aperture oval, about one-
third the length of the shell, with aslight recess at the posterior
angle, and a short canal in front; brown with a few teeth within
the outer lip, and a smooth slight callus on the pillar.

Length, 4 mill.

Wando River, So. Carolina.

Animal white; proboscis half the length of the shell; foot a
little longer than the shell, narrow, wider in front ; posterior end
quite narrow but not pointed ; operculum small, on posterior end
of foot; head projecting from the foot, with tentacles one-third
the length of the shell, very delicate, almost hair-like, with small
black eyes at the base. Animal active, keeping the proboscis in
constant motion, while the tentacles are little used.

This shell is like C. lunata, Say, but is narrower in proportion

132 MITRELLA.

to its length ; the aperture is shorter and differently shaped, the
pillar being straighter and the denticulations of the outer lip
stronger. The animals differ; the tentacles of C. spirantha are
delicate and hair-like, while in C. lunata they are rather thick
for the size of the animal.

I copy Ravenel’s description above in full. It is evidently a
critical species, and Stimpson considered it a doubtful one. It
has never been figured, and our specimens (not received from
Ravenel, although from the vicinity of his locality) are entirely
too close to C. lunata.

C. NIVEA, Ravenel.

Shell small, delicate, elongated-conic, white, immaculate,
smooth, polished, prettily striated on the outer part of the canal,
body-whorl longer than the spire, suture distinct, with a white
revolving line a little below it on the whorls ; pillar covered with
callus, much hollowed, suddenly becoming straight to form the
canal; callus ending in a distinct edge; outer lip a little thick-
ened, sparsely denticulated within, the posterior tooth being
decidedly the most prominent.

Allied to rosacea, Gould, and lunata, Say. <A single specimen

taken from the stomach of a fish.
Off Charleston Bar, S. C.

The above is a copy of the original description. I know
nothing of the species—which is unfigured. The specific name is
preoccupied by Sowerby.

C. FENESTRATA, C. B. Adams.

Shell much elongated, ovate conic, subangular on the middle
of the last whorl; opaque white around the aperture, with, at the
summit of the whorls, a spiral opaque white band, which is inter-
rupted by the angles.of an approximate series of brown spots,
which have the form of the summits of Gothic windows, and in
which the deep brown of the summit fades in descending to the
middle of the whorls, where the shell is transparent ; with three
linear spiral series of alternating white and brown on the middle
and anterior part of the last whorl; with spiral striz anteriorly,
otherwise smooth; apex acute, spire with nearly rectilinear
outlines; whorls eight, nearly plane, with a slightly impressed

MITRELLA. 133

suture; aperture obliquely oval; labrum thickened and well
excurved, smooth within, sinuate above
L. 25 inch, of spire *16 inch, diam. -08 inch.
West Indies.
Unfigured. I have not seen specimens of this species.

C. Ductostana, d’Orb. PI. 50, fig. 26.

Shell oblong, subfusiform, smooth, striated below; spire
elongated, conical, with apex acute, and composed of seven
flattened whorls; mouth narrow, flexuose, with a thickened,
internally dentate lip; white or yellowish white, sometimes
prettily maculated with red near the suture. Length, 4 mill.

West Indies.

The figure represents a wider shell but with coloring not
unlike the “Gothic window summits” of the preceding species ;
the description also indicates a longer spire than shown by the
figure: so that the two descriptions may possibly be of varieties
of a single species. Should they prove to be identical Adams’
name would have priority. The above specific name is preoccu-
pied by Sowerby.

C. AvARA, Duclos. PI. 50, figs. 27, 28.

Shell pellucid white, with opaque white spots and an indistinct
narrow band on the periphery ; columella plicated.
Length, 8 mill.

Habitat unknown.
Of course this is a very different shell from C. avara, Say,
which it is possibly intended to represent, and if a good species
it must receive anew name. One of the figures, representing
the back of the shell, has numerous minute brown dots.

C. TuRBIDA, Duclos. PI. 50, fig. 29.

Shell yellowish, longitudinally strigated and reticulated with
chestnut; columella biplicate, outer lip dentate within.
Length, 8 mill.

Habitat unknown.
Perhaps identical with the preceding species.

C. uvanta, Duclos. Pl. 50, fig. 30.

Smooth, with produced spire and apparently channeled suture;
outer lip greatly thickened and dentate within, inner lip plicate
below ; light yellowish brown, with an interrupted band of large

134 MITRELLA.

irregular white spots at the suture, and a similar one on the

periphery. Length, 12 mill.
Habitat unknown.
C. ANGELIA, Duclos. PI. 50, fig. 31.

Shell slender, with produced spire, striate at base, otherwise
smooth; outer lip with an external varix, numerously toothed

within; orange-red, including the interior.
Habitat unknown.

No size-marks are given on the plate of Chenu in which this
species is figured, but there can be no doubt that the figure (as
well as those of the other species) is considerably magnified.

C. orpHtA, Duclos. PI. 50, figs. 32, 33.
Shell chocolate, with large irregular maculations and smaller
spots of white, the latter chiefly at the base of the body-whorl.

Length, 7 mill.
Habitat unknown.

This, as well as the several preceding and succeeding species,
figured but not described by Duclos, have not been identified by
subsequent monographers, and remain unknown. (C. ilaira,
Duclos (fig. 33), is perhaps only an older specimen, having one
more whorl, measuring 9 mill., and not differing essentially in
either form or coloring.

C. psttuA, Duclos. Pl. 50, figs. 34-36.

Bright chestnut, covered by numerous small white spots, with
a band at the suture and another on the periphery composed of

larger square spots. Length, 6 mill.
Habitat unknown.

Var. pHiLopicia, Duclos. PI. 50, figs. 35, 36.

I suppose that this is a mere color-variety. The ground-color
is lighter, the spots are present, the sutural band is absent, and
there is only a slight indication of a light band on the periphery ;
in one of the specimens figured the spots coalesce into irregular
longitudinal stripes.

C. pointa, Duclos. Pl. 50, fig. 37.
Shell pale yellowish brown, peculiarly clathrate with narrow
light chestnut lines, heavier at the intersections.
Length, 4°5 mill.

Habitat unknown.

MITRELLA. 135

C. saPIx, Duclos. PI. 50, fig. 38.

Shell light yellowish brown, with two moderately broad bands
of reticulated chestnut lines, the upper one reappearing on the
spire-whorls. Length, 6 mill. Habitat unknown.

C. AURANTIACA, Dall. PI. 50, fig. 39.

Minute, fusiform, smooth, with five slightly rounded whorls ;
generally orange-yellow, semitranslucent and without markings,
but ogeasionally darker, or with zigzag brown lines leaving a
light central band and light sutural maculations; outer lip
slightly sinuated, hardly striate within. lL. -18 in.; lat. -08 in.

Monterey, Cal., Todas Santos Bay, L. Cal.

C. TuBEROSA, Carpenter. PI. 50, figs. 40, 41.

Shell smooth, whorls six, rather flat, the body-whorl having
an obtusely angulated periphery; nucleus white and smooth,
flat on the top, not swollen. Length, T—-8 mill.

Sta. Barbara, San Diego, etc., Cal‘fornia.

Larger than the preceding species, and angulated ; the nucleus
also differs, that of C. aurantiaca being regularly fusiform. The
coloring is very variable, varying from white to dark chocolate,
either uniform or with a light central band and sutural macu-
lations, and sometimes with nebulous or zigzag markings.

Var. VARIEGATA, Stearns. Fig. 41.

Shell usually somewhat more slim than the type, and with
consequently less angulation of the periphery; the central light
band is more or less broken up into white spots, smaller than
the sutural maculations.

C. CHRYSALLOIDEA, Carpenter. PI. 50, fig. 42.

Shell cylindrically oblong, shining, whorls seven, slightly
rounded, covered with microscopic spiral lines; yellowish to
chocolate; lip scarcely thickened and very slightly dentate

within. Length, 8 mill. ' Southern Coast of California.
C. Bassi, Tryon. PI. 50, fig. 43.

Shell ovate or oblong-cylindrical, thin, transparent, shining,
very faintly tinged and flamed with orange, apex pink; aperture
short, lip rather thickened, notched at the upper part, scarcely
denticulated. Length, 10 mill.

; Gulf of Californta (Mr. Babb, R.

LIBRARY
Z eG

een
Mass“ \y

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a ve

136 MITRELLA.

Described and figured by Reeve as C. laclea, Kiener—which
is a very different species, originally figured by Duclos; I am
therefore compelled to change the name, and call it after the
gentleman who collected the Cumingian type specimen. Although
revolving striz are neither described nor figured by Reeve, I
think it not improbable that this will prove to be identical with
C. chrysalloidea, Cpr.

C. nasuta, Menke.

Ovately fusiform, smooth, with revolving striz at the base;
spire conically turreted, acuminate ; yellowish-white, with supe-
rior triangular chestnut-colored maculations and longitudinal
flexuous lines; lip thickened and gibbous in front, denticulate

within. IL. 9°8 lin., apert. 5°5 lin., lat. 4 lin.
Mazatlan.

An unfigured species, which has not been recognized by Car-
penter or subsequent students.

C. MarqueEsana, Gaskoin, “Pl. 50, figs. 44-47.

Karlier whorls very faintly minutely costate, balance smooth,
shining, last one with revolving striz at base; yellowish white,
encircled with narrow chestnut lines or sometimes irregularly
maculated with chestnut, tip of spire rosaceous. Length, 10 mill.

Polynesia, Viti Is., Paumotus, Borneo, Loo Choo,
Hong Kong, New Caledonia.

Very variable in coloring, which has occasioned a number of
synonyms. These are C. teniata, Ads. and Reeve, not Phil.
(fig. 46); C. lineolata and decolor, Gould (unfigured), referred
here by Carpenter after an examination of the types; C. flammea,
Pease (unfigured) ; C. sublevis, Montr. (fig. 47).

C. BrcincTA, Gould.

Shell ovate, small, turreted, thin, smooth, ash-color with two
fulvous bands ; whorls eight, slightly convex, suture impressed ;
aperture lunate, lip arcuated, acute, dentate within, columella
violaceous, with thin callus, and tuberculated anteriorly.

L. 10, diam. 4+ mill.

Hong Kong Harbor, 10 fathoms, shelly sand (Stimpson).
Unfigured, and unknown to me.

C. Azora, Duclos. PI. 50, fig. 48.

Shell wide ovate, spire and upper part of body-whorl longitu-

MITRELLA. 137

dinally obscurely ribbed, the ribs usually obsolete, or surface
sometimes quite smooth; yellowish, flecked with white, especially
on the ribs or nodules, with three necklace-like rows of small
chestnut spots. Length, 8—9 mill.
Seychelles, Mauritius.

C. albinodulosa, Gaskoin, is a synonym, but the only figure of
it, in Reeve’s Iconica, is not at all characteristic, and resembles
closely the next species.

C. Lecranpi, Tenison-Woods. PI. 51, fig. 49.

Shell small, subulate, thin, shining chestnut, girdled at the
suture with a band of snowy spots, shaded with fulvous brown ;
apex mammillate ; whorls six, elongate, convex, very finely trans-
versely lined ; aperture elongately ovate; outer lip thin, simple.

L. 7:5, diam. 2 mill. Tasmania.

My figure is drawn from one of the type specimens; it isa
smaller, narrower shell than the last species.

C. XAVIERIANA, Tenison-Woods. PI. 51, fig. 50.

Shell elongated fusiform, smooth, striated at the base ; whorls
eight, rather flattened ; lip thick, plicate within; orange-brown,
conspicuously and broadly maculated with chestnut—which under
the lens is sometimes seen to be flecked with white.

L. 12, diam. 4 mill. Tasmania.

Figured from the type specimen, through the kindness of Mr.
C. E. Beddome of Hobart Town.

C. ALBA, Petterd.

Shell attenuately fusiform, shining, white faintly tinged with
chestnut, regularly transversely striate all over ; whorls six, flatly
convex; aperture narrowly ovate, inner portion faintly thickened,
outer lip thin. L. 7, diam. 3 mill.

Blackman’s Bay, Tasmania.

Unfigured. “The regular transverse striz is a character by
which it can be easily recognized.”

C.cHoava, Reeve. PI. 51, fig. 51.

Shell ovate, smooth, yellowish, freckled or longitudinally waved
with chestnut; lip slightly thickened in the middle and dentate
within. Length, 6 mill.

New Zealand.

C. flexuosa, Hutton (unfigured) is a synonym.

18

138 MITRELLA.

C. PELLUCIDA, Reeve. PI. 51, fig. 52.

Shell ovate, obliquely expanded towards the base, transparent,
smooth, spotted and flamed with orange-chestnut; spire rather
short, acuminated ; aperture ovate, columella excavated, lip vari-
cose, purple-stained within, crenated, one-toothed at the upper

part. Length, 8°5 mill.
Habitat unknown.

Has somewhat the form of a Nassa, and is so transparent as
to show the columella through the shell.

C. LINEOLATA (Pease), Brazier. PI. 51, fig. 53.

Shell elongately ovate, smooth, shining; whorls six, the last
grooved at the base ; columella tridentate, outer lip very slightly
thickened, smooth or barely dentate within; openly reticulated
with fine chestnut lines, with an irregular band of the same color
encircling the last whorl, and maculated with white; this band
appears above the suture on the whorls of the spire; there is
also a chestnut band towards the base of the body-whorl.

Length, 7-9 mill.
New South Wales, Australia.

This species was first described by Mr. W. H. Pease as C. macu-
losa,a name preoccupied by Sowerby, having been previously con-
fused by Mr. Angas with C. dermestoides, Kiener,and by Mr. Brazier
with C. lineata, Pease—which, apparently by a slip of the pen,
he writes lineolata. Pease’s description of lineata (I have no
specimen, and it has not been figured) scarcely covers this form,
and I therefore give the species the name under which it is so
well known to Australian collectors.

C. LINEATA, Pease.

Shell small, solid, fusiform, turreted, whitish or variously
marked with reddish brown; spire acute; whorls plano-convex,
smooth, the last somewhat ventricose, and spirally striated at
the base; canal produced; sutures faintly impressed; outer lip
thickened by a stout outer varix and dentated within; columella
smooth, strongly arched ; aperture small, tortuous.

Sandwich Islands.

Unfigured, and unknown to me. See remarks under pre-
ceding species.

MITRELLA. 139

C. inscripra, Brazier.

Shell somewhat oblong, ovate, smooth, whitish, ornamented
with a reddish brown network, darker and broader towards the
centre ; whorls seven, slightly convex, suture impressed, marked
below with white ovate blotches, then small narrow ones having
a transverse chestnut line between every alternate one; spire
lengthened, apex acute; aperture long, wide, interior ivory-
white, columella thickened, varicose on the outside, having three
prominent little tubercles on the inside, peristome arcuated,
upper part sinuated, denticulated within, canal short, narrow.

L. 8, diam. 4 mill.

North Australia, New Guinea.
An unfigured species, certainly very closely allied by its mark-
ings to C. lineolata (Pse.), Brazier.

C. Marra, Brazier.

Shell acicular, club-shaped, smooth, yellowish brown, minutely
marked with oblong white spots; whorls nine, flattened ; centre
of last encircled with a chain of brown and white alternate
spots, reappearing on the spire contiguous to the suture; below
the suture transparent; spire lengthened, apex acute; aperture
long, narrow, peristome thin, thickened behind, edged with
brown, interior white, denticulated, sinuated at the upper part,
columella varicose,canal short, recurved. L. 10, diam. 4 mill.

Hall Sound, New Guinea.

One fine living specimen found. Not figured.

C. pupica, Brazier,

Shell club-shaped, thinnish, variously mottled with brown,
sometimes having minute white spots, or with white and brown
flames above and below the suture; whorls eight, angularly
spiral, convex, suture slightly tabled, transparent, spire long,
apex white, acute; columella curved and varicose at the lower
part, peristome thin at edge, very much thickened within, having
from two to three small obtuse teeth, sinuated above, canal short,
slightly recurved. i. 6, diam. 2 mill.

Darnley Isl.. Torres Sts., Australia, 20 to 30 fms.,

white, sandy bottom (Brazier).
Unfigured.

140 MITRELLA.

C. t&TA, Brazier.

Shell ovate, smooth, acuminated at both ends, fulvous; whorls
six, spirally angled, slightly convex, transparent white at the
angle, marbled above and below with dark fulvous lines, some-
times flexuously waved; spire short, apex white, rounded ; aper-
ture narrow, little more than half the whole length, canal narrow,
slightly recurved, columella smooth, curved, grooved in the
middle, inner part forming a sharp lip below upper part, with
thin deposit of callus, varicose below on the outside, peristome
white, thin at edge, gibbous in the middle. L. 4, diam. 1°5 mill.

Darnley Isl., Torres Sts. With the preceding species.
Unfigured.

C. Formosa, Gaskoin. PI. 51, fig. 54.

Shell ovate, smooth, shining, pale pink, encircled round the
middle, and again near the base with faint bands of chestnut
network; whorls flatly convex; aperture rather small, columella
excavated, lip simple. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. NUBECULATA, Reeve. PI. 51, fig. 55.

Shell oblong, ovate, smooth, yellowish white, variously mottled
with orange-brown ; apex violet-tinted, whorls convex; aperture
small, lip notched at the upper part, prominently toothed within.

Habitat unknown.

Rather obscurely clouded in respect of coloring, which inclines

towards the base to form a fine network.—REEVE.

C. BIFLAMMATA, Reeve. PI. 51, figs. 56, 57.

Shell cylindrically ovate, smooth, shining, whitish, densely
flamed throughout with orange-brown, spire rather obtuse, whorls
convex; aperture small, columella slightly excavated, lip vari-
cose, faintly notched at the upper part, denticulated within.

Habitat unknown.

Encircled with two bands of longitudinal orange-brown flames,

quite peculiar and uniform in character.—REEVE.

C. YorKENSIS, Crosse. PI. 51, fig. 58.

Shell. oblong, acuminated, smooth, striate at base; white, with
some pale red longitudinal stripes, under a greenish yellow
epidermis; whorls nine, nearly flat; aperture oblong, slightly

MITRELLA. < 141

flexuous and white, columella with some slight granulations,
outer lip simple, a little thickened, and denticulated within.
Length, 19 mill.
York Peninsula, Australia
A larger shell than C. Tayloriana, Reeve.

C. IsaABELLINA, Crosse. PI. 51, fig. 59.

Shell elongated fusiform, smooth, yellowish brown, under a
thin epidermis of the same color; aperture pale violet, the outer
lip with obtuse interior denticulations. L. 8, diam. 3 mill.

Habitat unknown,
C. TAYLORIANA, Reeve. PI. 51, figs. 60-62.

Shell solid, ovate, smooth, shining; epidermis smooth, thin,
greenish yellow; color of shell white, finely reticulated with
chestnut and flamed or spotted with chestnut on the spire and
upper portion of the body-whorl, suture with opaque white and
chestnut spots ; lip moderately thick, denticulated within.

~ Length, 10 mill.
Southern Australia.

A somewhat variable shell both in form and coloring, as shown

by numerous specimens before me. I agree with the Australian
conchologists that C. albomaculata, Angas (fig. 62) is a synonym,

C. ALBUGINOSA, Reeve. PI. 51, fig. 63.

Shell ovate, smooth, shining, transparent white, reticulated
with orange-brown, with a central light band; whorls flatly
convex, the last somewhat twisted and grooved; aperture small,
lip simple, slightly notched at the upper part. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknown.

The type of this species formed part of the Taylor collection,

C. InTERRUPTA, Gaskoin. PI. 51, fig. 64.

Shell ovate, attenuated at both ends, rather solid, white,
encircled above and below by bands of crescent-shaped chestnut
spots; spire somewhat turreted, whorls encircled by a groove
round the upper part, the body-whorl deeply grooved towards
the base; aperture rather narrow, lip slightly notched at the upper
part, denticulated within. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknown (Taylor collection).

C. aByssicoLa, Brazier. Pl. 51, fig. 65.

Shell oblong, pyramidal, smooth; whorls eight, flatly convex,

142 ATILIA.

round shouldered; yellowish white, spirally encircled on the
periphery with yellowish brown broad arrow-shaped markings, the
points showing to the right, marked as four arrows placed one
behind the other, opaque between, every alternate space arrow-
shaped, last whorl below having the markings more numerous
and close-set ; aperture oblong ovate, white, canal narrow, short,
peristome thickened in the middle, strongly denticulated within.

Length, 3°5 mill.

North Australia, New Guinea (Brazier).

I figure an example of this elegant little species from one of

several specimens obligingly communicated by its author.

C. cINCINNATA, von Martens. PI. 51, fig. 66,

Shell smooth, oblong, shining, grayish white, with narrow,
longitudinal undulating chestnut lines, and maculations of
opaque white, in a double series; apex rose-yiolet ; outer lip

without teeth ? Length, 3 mill,
Mauritius.
Probably not adult.

C. asopis, Duclos. PI. 51, fig. 67.

Shell smooth, yellowish, irregularly and openly reticulated by
light chestnut; lip externally thickened, dentate within; colu-

mella rugose.
Habitat unknown.

The figures of this unrecognized species are evidently greatly
magnified, but, like all the others upon the same plate there is
no accompanying size-mark.

Section V. Atilia, If]. and A. Adams.

Shell fusiform, smooth or longitudinally plicate; spire elevated,
sharp; last whorl suddenly narrowed into a beak or short canal
in front.

C. minor, Scacchi. PI. 51, fig. 68.

Shell smooth, striated at the base; yellawish brown, more or
less indistinctly marbled with a darker color, with sometimes a
light band on the periphery ; outer lip slightly dentate within,

Length, 9-12 mill.
Mediterranean Sea.
C. NYMPHA, Kiener, PI, 51, fig. 69.

Shell elongated, smooth, striate at the base; yellowish, with

ATILIA. 143

longitudinal chestnut lines ; aperture yellowish within, the outer
lip stained brown and denticulated on the inner margin.

Length, 12°5 mill.

Seychelles Is.

C. Fiticincta, Tapparone-Canefri.

Shell acicular, contracted and striate at the base; pallid
fulvous, with longitudinal darker strigations, and a band of
articulated fulvous and white on the periphery ; aperture narrow,

fulvous, the outer lip thickened. Length, 9 mill.
New Guinea.

Described from a single specimen and not figured. The
description brings it very close to C. nympha.

C. ARTICULATA, Souverbie. PI. 51, fig. 70.

Shell yellowish, with curved longitudinal darker strigations
and an articulated band of chestnut and white spots on the
periphery—which is apparent on the spire-whorls; outer lip
emarginate above, acute, varicose externally, dark margined and

plicate within. Length, 10°5 mill.
New Caledonia.

Only a single specimen obtained. The coloring is very close
to that of the last species. I suspect that it is only a variety of
C. nympha.

C. Minporogensis, Gaskoin. PI. 51, figs. 71, 72.

Shell ivory-like, smooth, striate below; whitish, with narrow
flexuous zigzag chestnut lines; lip slightly dentate within.
Length, 10 mill.
Puerto Galero, Isl. of Mindoro, Philippines, in coarse
sand, at a depth of about 12 fathoms (Cuming).
Persian Gulf (Issel).
C. Dorie, Issel (fig. 72) appears to be a synonym.

C. Bacuus, Reeve. PI. 52, fig. 73.

Shell solid, with flattened whorls and obtusely angulated
periphery, below which the body-whorl has revolving strie ;
whitish filleted and spotted with orange or chestnut, sometimes
showing a row of spots on the periphery; outer lip thickened,

plicate within.
China Seas; Australia.

C. puncens, Gould. PI. 52, fig. 74.

Shell small, lanceolate, polished, with numerous minute longi-

144 ATILIA.

tudinal plications, the lower part of the body-whorl with revolving
striz ; whitish, marbled with yellowish brown. Length, 10 mill.
Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands (Stimpson).
I give a figure from a specimen in the Philadelphia collection,
received from Stimpson.

C. pLuTONIDA, Duclos. PI. 52, fig. 75.

Shell whitish, with obscure chestnut or slate colored reticula-

tions. Length, 7 mill.
Habitat unknown.

Figured by Duclos, with name, but no description.

C. Pretrrit, Duclos. Pl. 52, fig. 76.

Whorls flattened, with deeply impressed sutures, longitudi-
nally plicate; white, broadly banded with chestnut, lower part

of body-whorl chestnut. Length, 7°5 mill.
Habitat unknown.
Figured, but not described by Duclos.

C. 1ontTHA, Ravenel.

2, small, with nine flat, longitudinally
ribbed whorls, and deeply channeled sutures; lower part of
body-whorl with revolving strize, which upon the ribs give place
to revolving colored lines and clouds; outer lip considerably
enlarged, sparsely denticulated within; aperture small, rather
wide, the pillar lip much hollowed above, suddenly becoming
straight to form the canal. Length, 6+ mill.

Charleston Bar, So. Carolina.
A single specimen from the stomach of a black-fish. Is very
probably synonymous with C. Hotessieri, d’Orb., and C. Pretrit,
Duclos. Inthe event of their proving identical, the latter name
must be adopted, having priority of publication.

Shell fusiform, strong

C. HoressiER1, d’Orb. Pl. 52, fig. 82.

Shell oblong, thick, with wide longitudinal plications and
revolving stria; spire sharp, composed of seven, flat whorls,
separated by a crenulated suture; mouth narrow, sinuous, the
thickened lip six-tuberculate, the columella slightly folded ;
yellowish white, more or less marked with chestnut.

Length, 7 mill. :
Guadeloupe, West Indies.
- See remarks under preceding species.

ATILIA. 145

C. conspPersA, Gask. PI. 52, figs. 77-81.

Spire and upper part of body-whorl more or less obsoletely
and distantly plicate; white, marbled and reticulated with
chestnut, forming a white band at the suture and another on
the periphery; body-whorl strongly contracted, with revolving
strie below; lip externally varicose, dentate within, the margin
sinuous behind; columella conspicuously folded, the upper fold
largest ; canal recurved. Length, 12-15 mill.

Philippines, N. E. Australia, New Caledonia, Andaman Is.

The original figures of C. iodostoma, Gask. (fig. 78), and C.
puella, Sowb. (fig. 79), are more strongly plicate and. darker
colored than many of the specimens before me, yet they are
undoubtedly synonymous with the smooth form of C. conspersa,
from which the original figure and description of that species
were made. I add a figure from a specimen (tig. 80) of a nearly
smooth example, showing a usual state of the species. C. con-
taminata, Gask. (fig. 81), is to be referred here.

C. suGILLATA, Reeve. PI. 52, fig. 86.

Shell ovate, livid brown or purple, spire turreted, whorls tuber-
cularly ribbed round the upper part, tubercles white; aperture
somewhat squarely ovate, lip slightly varicose, angled at the
upper part, denticulated within. Length, 12 mill.

China. Seas, Philippines.

C. sacitTa, Gaskoin. Pl. 52, figs. 83-85.

Shell narrow, smooth, shining; pale brown, longitudinally
strigated, maculated or reticulated with chestnut, with usually
a band on the periphery and sometimes another at the suture,
articulated with white and chestnut, sometimes sagittiform.

Length, 8 mill. :

Sandwich Islands, Paumotus, Viti Islands, Solomon’s Is.

This species was described as from Africa and West Indies,
but these habitats have not been confirmed; on the other hand
the description applies closely to a common Polynesian species,
and this identification is concurred in by a number of concholo-
gists. The only figure of the species hitherto given is by Reeve ;
it is a poor representation of the usual state of the shell besides
being three times its size without any mention of its having

been enlarged. I give this figure, however (fig. 83). -Pease de-
19

146 ATILIA.

scribed it as C. pusilla, and finding that name preoccupied
changed it to C. fusiformis, which was also preoccupied five or
Six times by different authors. C. galaxias, Reeve (fig. 84), is
& Synonym; as is also probably C. doliolum, Tapparone, an
unfigured species from New Guinea. C. Caroline, E. A. Smith,
from Strong Island, Solomon Archipelago, is exactly equivalent
to the figure of C. galaxias, Reeve; my specimens being part of
the original lot of Caroline. Mr. Smith’s figure (fig. 85) does
not agree with his description. ’

C. MEeRITA, Brazier. ‘

Shell thin, acicular, much contracted at the base, yellowish
white; whorls eight or nine, flattened, minutely tabled at the
suture, ornamented with roundish opaque white spots, below the
suture and between the spots two narrow transverse reddish
yellow lines one above the other; the lower having longitudinal
lines of the same color running down, divided with a white band
on the centre of the last whorl, spire very much lengthened,
aperture pear-shaped, peristome thin, sinus at upper part, colu-
mella varicose, canal short, narrow. lL. 7, diam. 2°5 mill.

Darnley Isl., Torres Sts., Australia ; 30 fms., white,
sandy bottom (Brazier).

The above is a copy of the original description. I have not
seen the species—which is unfigured.

C. ALABASTRUM, Reeve. PI. 51, fig. 14.
Shell fusiform, alabaster-white, white banded on the subangu-
lated periphery, sparingly marked with chestnut blotches.

Length, 8 mill.
Habitat unknown (Reeve). Mauritius (Martens).

The type formed part of the Taylor collection. It is a very
doubtful species. Von Martens has figured a shell from Mauritius
to which he applies this name with some doubt.

C. ntveomARGINATA, E. A. Smith. PI. 52, fig. 91.

Shell grayish white, with an opaque white band spotted with
chestnut at the top of the whorls, and a narrower one around the
middle of the last whorl, the rest of the surface being marked
with opaque white in an irregularly closely reticulating manner;
whorls smooth, the third and fourth costate; suture deep;

ATILIA. 147

making the spire appear somewhat turreted; lip externally
thickened, tuberculate within, sinuate above. Length, 11 mill.
: Japan.

Described from a single specimen.

C. Liscuxer, KE, A. Smith. PI. 52, fig. 90.

Shell smooth, third and fourth whorls of the spire strongly
costate; last whorl subangulate on the periphery, contracted
below, with revolving sulci; outer lip with interior plications
and an external varix; dirty white, blotched at intervals with
chestnut-brown, the blotches extending from suture to suture.

Length, 11 mill. Japan.

Allied to C. alabastrum, Reeve, but has more numerous and
shorter whorls, and differs in coloring.

C. rusiForMIs, d’Orb. PI. 52, fig. 88.

Shell fusiform, smooth, with revolving strize below; spire
elongated, sharp; lip dentate within. Length, 6 mill.

Jamaica, Martinique.
C. rornIDA, Reeve. Pl. 52, fig. 89.

Shell transparent white, glassy, encircled round the middle

with a row of milk-white spots; lip simple. Length, 7 mill.
Lord Hood's Isl. (found on Avicula margaritifera, in coral
sand at the depth of six fms.) (Cuming). Viti Js. (Garrett).

C. tessellata, Dunker, and C. pellucida, Pease, are synonyms ;
neither of them is figured.

C. soLipuLA, Reeve. Pl. 52, figs. 92, 93.

Shell fusiform, thick, shining, with sharp-pointed spire; whorls
encircled by narrow, rather distant grooves, and sometimes the
body-whorl is slightly plicated on the back, just below the suture ;
white, longitudinally streaked, marbled or reticulated with
chestnut, sometimes forming a white band on the periphery ;
edge of columellar lip defined; outer lip sinuated behind,
thickened and plicate within ; interior of aperture, tip and base

of the shell usually pale violet-tinted. Length, 15 mill.
Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.
C. niRUNDO, Gaskoin. PI. 52, fig. 94.
Shell solid, smooth, shining; whitish, freckled with waved

orange-brown lines; outer lip tuberculated and sinuous behind.
Length, 16 mill. Habitat unknown.

148 ATILIA.

In the general form and aperture this species looks something
like a Strombina.

C. suBULATA, Duclos. Pl. 52, fig. 96.

Shell with a long, sharp-pointed spire of eleven flattened
whorls, the body-whorl striate and produced below into a long
narrow canal; aperture long and narrow; outer lip thickened
and dentate within; yellowish white. Length, 28 mill.

Habitat unknown.

The above description is made up from the original figures,
one of which I copy. The shell may bea fossil. Sowerby subse-
quently described a very different species under the same specific
name.

C. PLURISULCATA, Reeve. PI. 52, fig. 95. ;
Yellowish brown, spirally grooved throughout, aperture sinu-
ated posteriorly, lip unarmed. Length, 12 mill.
Habitat unknown.
Described from a single, worn and perhaps not adult specimen :
it must be considered a doubtful species.

C. anata, Reeve. PI. 53, fig. 97.
Shell spirally grooved throughout; yellowish, variegated with
red-brown spots; columella excavated; lip simple, slightly

expanded. Length, 14 mill.
Habitat unknown.

C. ocELLATA, Reeve. PI. 53, fig. 98.
Shell finely longitudinally plicate, with revolving grooves at
the base; whitish, stained and ocellated with orange-brown.

Length, 8 mill.
Habitat unknown.

The eye-like points are said to dip at rather distant intervals
from the sutures. A doubtfal species.

C. PELAGIA, Reeve. PI. 53, fig. 99.

Shell subulate, the whorls somewhat tubercularly ribbed above,
forming a turreted spire; aperture small, lips strongly varicose,
notched at the upper part, plicate within: white, marbled with
chestnut, showing a more or less defined white central band, and

white on the sutural tubercles. Length, 8 mill.
Habitat unknown.

ATILIA. 149

C. MONILIFERA, Sowb. PI. 53, fig. 100.

Shell oblong-acuminated, with well-marked sutures and some-
what rounded whorls; longitudinally ribbed, crossed and decus-
sated or tuberculated by revolving riblets; white, chestnut-
spotted on the ribs, leaving a central white band ; aperture rather

narrow, denticulated within. Length, 5 mill.
West Indies.
Reeve’s figure of this species is very inaccurate.

C. MANGELIOIDES, Reeve. PI. 53, fig. 1.

Shell fusiform, rather solid, longitudinally strongly ribbed;
yellowish, sprinkled with orange-brown spots; whorls numerous,
flatly convex, sutures impressed, the last whorl produced into a
canal; aperture small, lip varicose, denticulated within.

Length, 8 mill.

West Indies.

I reproduce Reeve’s description and figure: the species has
not been recognized by collectors. I am strongly inclined to
consider it a worn specimen or a variety of C. monilifera, in
which the revolving riblets have disappeared or failed to be
developed.

C. FULGIDA, Reeve. PI. 58, fig. 2.

Shell rather elongated, transparent white ,shining, subangulated
on the periphery ; painted longitudinally with faint waved orange-
brown streaks; lips slightly denticulated within.

Length, 7-8 mill.
Port Lincoln, Australia (Cuming Coll.).
Noumea, New Caledonia (Brazier).

C. uactEA, Duclos. PI. 53, figs. 3, 4.

Shell smooth, white, striate below ; aperture dentate within.

Length, 19 mill.
indian Ocean, Seychelles Islands.

Duclos published a figure with name, but no description: his
Specimen was possibly denuded of its coloring. The localities
are supplied from Kiener’s monograph, although the shell figured
by Kiener is so different (fig. 4) that it may well be another
Species.

C. Essincronensis, Reeve. PI. 53, figs. 5, 6.

Shell smooth, polished, with revolving grooves below; white,

0 ATILIA.

with two narrow chestnut bands, sometimes livid purple without
bands; exterior margin of aperture varicose, thickened and

smooth within. Length, 13 mill.
N. Australia.

C. EXxIMIA, Reeve. PI. 53, figs. 7, 8.

Shell smooth, shining, transparent orange, finely reticulated
with brown, encircled by two bands of opaque, snow-white flakes ;
whorls rather flat, the last contracted and grooved at the base,
slightly recurved ; aperture small, lip varicose, slightly notched

at the upper part. Length, 10 mill.
Port Jackson, Australia,

C. bicincta, Angas (fig. 8), is a synonym,

C. exinis, Phil.

Shell small, narrowly fusiform ; whorls six or seven, flattened,
obsoletely longitudinally plicate ; fulvous, with two white bands,
one of which appears on the spire; lip slightly inflected and

thickened in the middle. Length, 4 mill,
Red Sea near Aden,

Not figured. Unknown to me,

C. puMILA, Dunker.

Shell small, elongated, attenuated at both extremities, uni-
colored, fuscous; whorls six, longitudinally costate, the costz
covering half the last whorl, which is lirate at the base; columella
sinuous; lip slightly thickened, plicate or subdentate within.

Length, 4 mill.
Japan.

Unfigured. Said to resemble C. exilis, Phil.

C. SERTULARIARUM, d’Orb. PI. 53, figs. 9, 10.

Shell elongated, smooth, striate at base, sometimes slightly
Jongitudinally folded on the body-whorl; yellowish-white, faintly
banded with brown, with sutural markings of brown and white,
alternately ; lip thickened, not dentate. Length, 12 mill,

San Blas, Putagonia.
©. ELATA, Reeve. Pl. 53, fig. 11.

Shell solid, spire produced, whorls rather narrow, longitudinally
plicately ribbed ; white, longitudinally strigated and waved with
chestnut; aperture small, columella thinly lipped.

Length, 19 mill. Habitat unknown.

Described from a shell in the Cumingian collection,

ATILIA. 151

C. Cuminei, Reeve. Pl. 53, figs. 12-16.

Shell elongated, subcylindrical, recurved at the base, upper
whorls minutely ribbed, all the others covered with close, fine
spiral striz ; outer lip sinuated above, thickened and dentate
within; purplish, with usually two bands of chestnut dots.

Length, 19 mill. .

Island of Capul, Philippines ; Mauritius.

With this species I unite C. lumbricus, Reeve (fig. 13), from
the same locality ; it is described as smooth, but the revolving
strie are represented on the original figure—which I have copied;
the shell is rosy brown, with an obscure reticulated pattern. C.
spicula (fig. 14) and C. clausilia, Duclos (fig. 15), are also
synonyms.

Var. acus, Reeve. Pl. 53, fig. 16.

Shell longitudinally minutely ribbed towards the apex; yellow-
ish, irregularly longitudinally streaked with orange-brown ; lip
simple, scarcely denticulated within, Length, 11 mill.

This shell is from the same locality as the preceding, and is,
as Reeve says, of the same general type.

C. rinosa, Angas. PI. 53, fig. 17.

Shell elongately fusiform, varying from white to chocolate, the
lighter-colored specimens often with brown maculations at the
suture, the darker-colored ones frequently with whitish sutural
maculations; whorls eight, slightly convex, covered by fine
revolving striz; outer lip slightly thickened externally and

dentated within. Length, 11 mill.
New South Wales.

Described as a species of Aisopus, Gould; but the only char-
acter which it seems to possess in common with that genus is
the unimportant one of revolving striz.

C. ATTENUATA, Angas. PI. 53, fig. 18.

Shell smooth, shining, moderately solid; whorls eight, very
slightly convex, the last striate at the base; outer lip simple,
arcuate behind, contracted at the base, with an external brown
varix ; brown, paler beneath the sutures. Length, 9 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.
C. nycTEIs, Duclos. PI. 53, figs. 19-21.

Whorls flattened, white with angular notches of chestnut, or

152 ANACHIS.

uniform white; lip with exterior varix and interior denticula-

tions. Length, 7 mill.
Habitat unknown.

Figured but not described by Duclos, and not recognized by
subsequent students. C. Belizana, Duclos (fig. 21), appears to
be identical.

C. SPIRATELLA, von Martens. PI. 54, fig. 22.
Shell small, oblong turreted, distinctly spirally lirate, yellowish
with nodiform short ribs on the periphery, which are White; lip

subsimple, canal open, shortly recurved. Length, 4°5 mill.
Mauritius.

C. RuBRA, von Martens. (Unfigured.) #. Coast of Patagonia.

Described from an imperfect specimen and referred doubtfully
to Columbella.

Section VI. Anachis, 1. and A. Adams.

Shell oval-fusiform, longitudinally strongly ribbed, spire
elevated; last whorl not narrowed in front; aperture narrow ;
columella straight; outer lip nearly straight, with a posterior
sinus, crenulated within.

C. Rucosa, Sowb. PI. 54, figs. 23-27.

Shell ovate, tuberculate, plicate or rudely ribbed, the ribs only
developed on the upper half of the body-whorl, whole surface
with coarse revolving striez; white, stone-color or light olivaceous,
with large chocolate clouds, especially on the back of the body-
whorl—which is sometimes nearly covered with this color.

Length, 18-22 mill.
Panama.

The ordinary appearance of adults of this species is that shown
by fig. 23 ; sometimes the shell is narrower and less rugose, being
ribbed rather than tuberculate (fig. 24).

The synonyms are C. bicolor, Kiener (fig. 25), and, I think,
C sinuata, Sowerby (figs. 26,27). The latter has the characters
of C. rugosa, except that the outer lip has a projecting sinus
in the middle; it is a remarkable-looking shell and Sowerby
thinks it ‘‘ almost generically distinct,” yet places it in Anachis.
Judging from the figure, I place it here as a monstrosity of this
species.

ANACHIS. 15

Geo

C. Youpina, Duclos. PI. 54, fig. 48.

Shell with large rounded ribs, forming an obtuse shoulder to
the whorls; lower part of body-whorl with revolving grooves
and chocolate-color, rest of surface whitish, with a violet band,
visible on the spire. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Figured but not described, and not since identified; it is

possibly an extreme variety of the last species.
C. COSTELLATA, Sowb. PI. 54, figs. 28-31.

Shell narrowly longitudinally ribbed, sometimes slightly tuber-
culate on the shoulder of the body-whorl; yellowish brown closely
reticulated with chestnut or chocolate, forming an irregular
darker band above the periphery, and a broader one below it ;
aperture bluish, and sometimes reticulated within; outer lip
slightly dentate, sinuous behind. Length, 16—20 mill.

Mazatlan; Panama ; Guatemala (?); Payta, Peru.

Nearly intermediate in its characters between C. rugosa, Sowb.,
and C. fluctuata, Sowb. C. valida, Reeve (fig. 29), from Gua-
temala, is described from a worn specimen of this species. C.
varicosa, Gaskoin (fig. 30), is also a synonym; its locality, Payta,
Peru, is probably erroneous. Iadd also C. macrostoma (Anton)
Reeve (fig. 81), erroneously said to inhabit the coast of California,

C. rnuctuatA, Sowb. PI. 54, figs. 32-35.

Shell wide ovate, with somewhat turreted spire, nodulously
ribbed, ribs sharp, curved on the body-whorl, or sometimes
obsolete below the shoulder ; white, with close, zigzag chocolate
markings; epidermis yellowish, translucent, thin; outer lip
broadly sinuous behind, callously thickened, and minutely
dentate within. Length, 16-21 mill.

Panama.

The synonyms are C. fluctuosa, Duclos (fig. 33), C. suturalis,
Gray (fig. 34), C. costata, Duclos (fig. 35).

C. cornonaTa, Sowb. PI. 54, figs. 36, 37.

Shell yellowish white, sometimes stained with: chestnut, with
zigzag longitudinal dark chestnut or chocolate lines ; upper part
of whorls coronated, the tubercles sometimes giving rise to short,
distant longitudinal plications. Length, 5-75 inch.

Puinama to Cape St. Lucas.
20

154 ANACHIS.

C. vagia, Sowb. PI. 54, figs. 38-41.

Longitudinally narrowly ribbed, decussated by revolving lines
which are often more or less obsolete except towards the base of
the body-whorl; marbled with chestnut or chocolate and white,
sometimes almost covered with the darker color, but always
having a more or less defined central white band, which some-
times reappears at the sutures of the spire-whorls; outer lip of

aperture ribbed within. Length, 1 inch.
Panama. Mazatlan.

This appears to be the shell which Carpenter described as
Anachis (? costellata, var.) pachydermata. C. scalarina, Sowb.
(fig. 39) is a state of this species in which the whorls are unusually
shouldered. C. veleda, Duclos (fig. 40), and C. ophonia, Duclos
(fig. 41), are both synonymous with C. varia, the latter with the
shouldered variety.

C. cRuENTATA, Mirch.

An unfigured species, said to generally resemble C. daliola,
Duclos (== C. varia, Sowb.), but with longer spire, and smaller,
broader aperture. The characteristic coloring consists of blood-
red spots, usually upon alternate ribs, some in the interspaces of
the ribs ; some specimens have only a single red spot, others are

entirely white. Length, 6 mill.
Sonsonate, West Coast of Central America.

C. LyRATA, Sowb. PI. 54, fig. 42.

Shell sharply longitudinally ribbed, decussated by revolving
striz, which are frequently obsolete except at the lower part of
the body-whorl; yellowish, articulated by two bands of chestnut
spots appearing on the ribs; aperture white; lip sinuated behind,
plicate within. Length, 18-22 mill.

Panama.
C. FuLVA, Sowb. PI. 54, fig. 43.

Sheil reddish brown, with distant narrow longitudinal plica-
tions, fading out at the lower part of the body-whorl, where they
are replaced by revolving strie. Length, 23 mill.

Panama, under stones.

C. TERPSICHORE, Sowb. PI. 54, figs. 44-46.

Whorls longitudinally ribbed and nodosely shouldered ; ribs
rather distant and narrow; white, with revolving bands of

ANACHIS. 155

chestnut spots and zigzag markings, more or less interrupted by
the smooth interstices of the ribs; aperture white within, the
outer lip sinuous behind, and plicate within.

Length, 15-18 mill.

West Indies.

C. lineolata, Kiener ‘fig. 45), is a synonym, and I suppose
that C. Californica, Reeve (fig. 46), a species which does not
inhabit “ California,” may also be placed here, if the figure may
be depended on.

C. ADELINE, Tryon. PI. 54, fig. 47.

Shell closely longitudinally ribbed, with revolving striae,
apparent principally in the interstices of the ribs; ivory-white,
shining, with two broad bands of chocolate spots, arranged in
checker-board fashion, and leaving a central band of white; lip
with external varix, sinuated behind and dentate within ; aper-
ture white. Length (decollated), 15 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Six fine specimens are before me, all of them decollated. The
nearest ally is C. Terpsichore, but this shell differs in its more
numerous, less tuberculated ribs, in the disposition of the color-
spots and their form.

C. surrusa, Sowb. PI. 55, fig. 49.

Shell distantly longitudinally ribbed, with shouldered whorls,
the ribs sometimes obsolete on the body-whorl, which is striate
at the base; white, with longitudinal streaks and spots of
chestnut, often forming interrupted revolving bands.

Length, 10 mill.

Galapagos (Wimmer); Central America (Mérch).

C. niaricostata, H. A. Smith. PI. 55, fig. 50.

Shell subturreted, longitudinally ribbed; epidermis thin,
yellowish ; shell white, the ribs black, bearing a series of white
spots a little above the middle of the body-whorl, interstices of
the ribs with dark, somewhat zigzag lines, revolving lines at the
base spotted with black; aperture white within; labrum dentate.

Length, 12°5 mill.

Andaman Islands.

Appears to be very closely allied to C. suffusa, Sowb.

156 ANACHIS.

C. TUBERCULATA, Reeve. PI. 55, fig. 51.

Obliquely ribbed, the ribs tuberculated below the sutures ;
white, with a superior red band; aperture small, lip sinuated
behind, thickened and denticulated within. Length, 13 mill.

Hab. unknown (Cumingian Coll.).
C. RuGcuLOSA, Sowb. PI. 55, figs. 52, 53.

Shell oblong-ovate, thick, longitudinally plicately wrinkled,
and covered with close revolving strie ; yellowish, almost covered
with chocolate or chestnut irregular inankings: ane up of very
close minute dots, forming a light band below the middle of the
body-whorl ; aperture chocolate. Length, 13 mill.

W. Coast of Central America, Galapagos Is.

C.cAVEA, Reeve. PI. 55, fig. 54.

Shell swollen and subangulated on the periphery, tubercularly
ribbed ; light chestnut or yellowish, the ribs dark colored, aper-

ture toothed within. Length, 8°5 mill.
Habitat unknown.
May be a small specimen of C. varia, Sowb.

C. NIGROPUNCTATA, Sowb.

Shell ovately acuminate; whorls six, tuberculate below the
sutures; longitudinally costate in the middle, the costz decus-
sated ; white punctate with black. L.11, diam. 6 mill.

Lord Hood's Islands (on Meleagrina).

This species was not included by Sowerby in his subsequently
published monograph in the ‘ Thesaurus,” and is not mentioned
by other monographers ; I do not know it.

C. muitivotuta, Reeve. PI. 55, fig. 55.

Shell acuminately ovate, longitudinally obscurely white ribbed,
variegated with two bands of black lines; spire attenuated ;
whorls numerous; aperture rather small, colamela contracted,
grooved, lip simple. Length, 15 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. Apamst, Tryon. PI. 55, fig. 56.

Shell ovate, latticed throughout with longitudinal and revolv-
ing ribs; yellowish, faintly red-banded at the upper and lower
parts of the body-whorl, with a single band on the whorls of the

ANACHIS. 157

spire; whorls rounded, the ribs slightly tuberculated above;
aperture rather small, lip thickened, dentate within.
Length, 11 mill.

Habitat unknown.
I am not acquainted with this species; it was figured and
described by Reeve under the name of C. fenestrata, but that
name being preoccupied by C. B. Adams, I change it as above.

C. STRENELLA, Duclos. PI. 55, figs. 57, 58.

Spire whorls somewhat flattened, shell longitudinally ribbed,
crossed by revolving striz ; yellowish with chestnut markings
or nearly uniform chestnut-brown; columel!a with tubercles
below, outer lip toothed within. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. porcATA, Reeve. PI. 55, fig. 59.

Shell ovate, spirally ridged throughout, the interstices being
conspicuously excavated ; white, much stained and spotted with
purple-red ; whorls convex, sutures excavated; aperture small,
denticulated within. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknown (Cumingian Coll.).

I have not seen this species:

C. JASPIDEA, Sowb. PI. 55, tig. 60.

Shell with longitudinal, rounded plications, usually becoming
obsolete towards the middle of the body-whorl, the lower part
of which is covered by revolving grooves; there are sometimes
faint revolving grooves in the interstices of the plications ; yel-
lowish brown, tinged, especially on the spire, with pink; outer
lip sinuous behind, more or less dentate and thickened on the
inner margin. Length, 12 mill.

Island of Ticao, Philippines, under stones at low water (Cuming’.
Viti Islands (Godeffroy).
C. FILAMENTOSA, Dunker. PI. 55, fig. 62.

Slightly but closely longitudinally ribbed, with revolving
Striw at the base; outer lip varicosely thickened, smooth within |
sinuate behind, terminating in a short but distinctly constricted
canal; yellowish brown, with numerous equidistant narrow

revolving chestnut lines. Length, 12 mill.
So. Pacific Ocean.
C. PULCHELLA, Kiener. PI. 55, fig. 63.

Shell closely ribbed, crossed by close impressed lines, cutting

158 ANACHIS.

the ribs into tubercles; yellowish white, reticulated with light
chestnut; outer lip scarcely thickened, smooth within.

Length, 10 mill. Havana, Cuba (Arango).

Sowerby’s and Reeve’s figures of this species do not represent
it, but the next species. The shell is allied to C. jaspidea in
form, but is somewhat more slim. Kiener gives (erroneously )
the Mediterranean Sea as locality for this species. C. plicatulum,
Dunker, from Venezuela, described thirty years ago and remain-
ing unfigured and unrecognized, may possibly be this species.
Many years subsequently, Dunker again used the same specific
name for another form.

C. ELEGANTULA, Mirch. PI. 55, figs. 64, 65.

Shell pale, shining, flamed and spotted with fulvous orange ;
upper’ whorls longitudinally ribbed, the interstices sometimes
latticed ; lip sinuous behind, denticulated within.

Length, 9-12 mill.

W. Coast Central America, Galapagos Is.

Figured by Sowerby and Reeve for C. pulchella, Kiener—a
different shell.

C. vaLGA, Gould. PI. 55, fig. 61.

Small, solid, ovate-lanceolate, somewhat gibbous; whorls nine
to ten, slightly convex, the penultimate one disproportionally large
so as to give the shell a gibbous or distorted form; with fine
longitudinal riblets, becoming obsolete on the upper part of the
body-whorl; rostrum somewhat elongated ; suture linear, deeply
impressed ; aperture narrow, ribbed within. . Pale fawn-color,

encircled by chestnut lines. LL. 12, diam. 5 mill.
Samoa Islands.

The above description indicates a shell very like C. jaspidea,
Sowb., but the figure (which I copy) does not correspond with
it. I am almost convinced, however, that it = jaspidea.

C. acuTA, Stearns. PI. 55, fig. 66.

Shell small, slender, acutely fusiform; whorls eight, with
about fifteen nearly equidistant rounded longitudinal ribs, which
are absent on the apex and adjoining whorl and become obsolete
just below the angulated periphery of the body-whorl—which
has distinct basal revolving striz ; sometimes the ribs are sub-
nodulous; white with revolving sienna lines and blotches, or

ANACHIS. 159

light sienna-yellow, with whitish blotches and brown linear
markings; aperture white; the outer lip simple, moderately
thickened, slightly shouldered and curved above, five to seven
dentate within. L. -26, diam. -08 in.

Egmont Key, W. Coast of Florida.
C. avaRA, Say. PI. 55, figs. 67-71.

Shell somewhat variable in outline, the spire longer or shorter
and the body-whor! correspondingly narrower or broader, with
numerous longitudinal plications, usually extending to about
the middle of the body-whorl, and revolving strix, conspicuous
towards its base, and elsewhere apparent in the interstices of the
plications ; yellowish white; more or less blotched or reticulated
irregularly with chestnut or chocolate, sometimes uniform yel-
lowish white. Length, 13-20 mill.

Atlantic Coast of the United States; Tampa Bay,
Gulf Coast of Florida. °

C. Lafresnayi, Fischer and Bernardi (fig. 68), from the Island
of Marie Galante, West Indies, and C. similis, Ravenel (fig. 69),
are synonyms; the latter being founded on the long, narrow
forms. Between these and astumpy specimen of C. avara, there
is much difference, but my extensive suites, from every portion
of our coast exhibit every intermediate form, and show a varia-
bility as to sculpture and coloring suggestive of a future great
reduction in the number of admitted species in the genus. C.
semiplicata, Stearns (figs. 70,71), from the West Coast of Florida,
is another long, narrow form, with fewer longitudinal ribs, yel-
lowish, reticulated with light chestnut. At first sight it appears
very distinct from the typical avara, but is too close to Ravenel’s
C. similis. I have W. Florida specimens before me which supply
the intermediate forms. Another probable synonym is C. trans-
lirata, Ravenel (unfigtired), which is elevated conic, with close
ribs and five equidistant revolving striz on the upper half of
the body-whorl, and on those of the spire, nodulous at the suture
and the nodules white. Length, nearly | inch.

C. poyuina, Duclos. PI. 55, figs. 72, 73.

Shell smooth, or flexuously ribbed on the body-whorl only ;
yellowish, closely reticulated with narrow chestnut lines.
Length, 9 mill.
Habitat unknown.

160 ANACHIS.

Figured but not described by Chenu. Appears to be very
closely related to C. avara, Say.

C. cLetTa, Chenu. PI. 55, fig. 74.
Shell distantly ribbed, the first whorls of the spire more closely .
and finely ribbed; yellowish brown, with numerous narrow

chestnut revolving lines. Length, 13 mill.
Habitat unknown.

This appears (like the last) to be nearly related to C. avara.

C. MENALETTA, Duclos. PI. 55, fig. 75.
Shell. distantly but strongly folded; ash-color with distant
narrow chestnut revolving lines. Length, 6 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. pricarta, Montrouzier. PI, 56, fig. 76.

Whorls moderately rounded, closely longitudinally ribbed,
with revolving striz at the base; yellowish, reticulated with
reddish brown; outer lip dentate within, columella plicate.

Length, 13 mill.

New Caledonia.

Described from a unique specimen.

C. cosTULATA, Cantraine. PI. 56, fig. 77.

Shell white, sometimes with a yellowish or rosy tinge; with
narrow distant longitudinal ribs, and well-impressed sutures; ribs
becoming evanescent towards the base of the body-whorl ; whole
surface covered with very close, minute revolving striz; lip
scarcely thickened, slightly dentate within. Length, 10 mill.

Boreal. Norway, England, Nova Scotia, Rhode Island,
Chesapeake Bay, Sicily. Fossil in the later Huropean
tertiary, Vienna, Messina, ete.

Has the usual characteristics of northern shells.

C. RosAcEA, Gould. PI. 56, figs. 78, 79.

Shell small, acutely conic, white, tinged with rose-color; whorls
six, covered with minute spiral lines; those of the spire finely
or obsoletely ribbed, sometimes smooth, body-whorl without ribs,
outer lip sharp, without teeth within. Length, 7°5 mill.

Norway, Spitzbergen, Greenland, New England.

American specimens are scarcely at all costate.

C. praAPHANA, Verrill. Pl. 56, fig. 82.
Shell thin, delicate, translucent, white, nearly smooth, elon-
gated, with long tapering acute spire. Whorls eight, broadly

ANACHIS. 161

and evenly rounded ; suture somewhat impressed, but not deep,
frequently narrowly channeled ; surface, except anteriorly and
on the canal, destitute of spiral lines, and of any indication of
ribs, but covered with very close, almost microscopic lines of
growth, which give the surface a dull appearance when dry; on
the canal and extending to the anterior part of the body-whorl
are a number of distinct spiral lines becoming faint opposite the
middle of the aperture; fine, microscopic spiral striations some-
times appear on the lower whorls. The nucleus is larger than in
A. rosacea, rounded, depressed and spiral, but somewhat mammil-
lary. The aperture is small, oblong-ovate ; the outer lip is sharp
at the edge, but in adult shells has a distinct thickening a little
back from its margin; the inner surface is usually smooth, but
in some adult specimens there are four.or five small, transversely
oblong tubercles, back from the margin, and a larger conical
tubercle at the base of the canal. Columella sigmoid, a little
excavated in the middle, and with a distinct, raised, spiral fold
_at its inner edge, anteriorly; canal short, open, very slightly
curved; epidermis thin, closely adherent, minutely lamellose
along the lines of growth, pale greenish gray, or yellowish white.

Length of one of the largest specimens, 12 mm., breadth 4 mm.,
length of aperture, 5 mm., its breadth 1°8 mm. Stouter and
shorter examples occur.

Off Martha’ s Vineyard, in 65 to 487 fathoms, 1880 and
1881 (U. 8. Fish Commission). Off Chesapeake Bay,
300 fathoms (Capt. Tanner). Taken at many stations.

This species resembles C. rosacea, of which I formerly sup-
posed it to be a deep-water variety. A more careful examination
of a larger and better series convinces me that they are distinct.
The present species is a more slender and elongated, and far
more delicate shell, and is destitute of the impressed spiral lines
that cover the whorls, both in that species and C. Holbéliii, and
is without any traces of transverse ribs, on the upper whorls.
The fold on the columella edge and the submarginal thickening
of the outer lip are also good distinctive marks, but the great
difference in the nucleus is, perhaps, of still greater importance.
Fresh specimens, when wet, are so transparent that the internal
form of the columella can often be seen through the shell.

The above is Prof. Verrill’s description in full.

21

162 ANACHIS.

C. puRA, Verrill.

This shell is very abundant in many of our deeper dredgings,
on muddy bottoms. It resembles the shallow water species,
C. zonalis (= C. dissimilis, Stimp.), in form, except that it is
somewhat shorter and stouter, with the whorls more convex, the
columella more excavated, the aperture a little wider and the
canal slightly bent back at the tip, but the shell is translucent
and glossy, and the color is pure white or pinkish white, except
near the apex, where it is tinged with pale brown or pink, in
fresh specimens. The surface is smooth, except slight lines of
growth and a few faint spiral lines, on the canal anteriorly. The
nucleus is distinctly larger than in the typical C. zonalis. It is
probable that this form is a distinct species.

Of Martha’ s Vineyard, 100 to 487 fms., 1880, 1881 (U. S. Fish Comm. );

off Chesapeake Bay, 300 fathoms (Capt. Tanner). Abundant.
The above is a copy of Prof. Verrill’s description.

C. VERRILLI, Dall.

Shell slender, conical, yellowish white, whorls seven; polished,
but covered when fresh by a shaggy brown epidermis, which is
irregularly lamellated; nucleus naticoid, shining translucent white ;
ten or twelve close spiral lines on the pillar and basal surface,
with occasionally microscopical spiral lines on other parts of the
shell; longitudinal sculpture consisting in some specimens of
nine to fourteen plications, stronger at the posterior end on each
whorl, forming there slight tubercles which form a waved sutural
line—in others the sculpture is fainter, not tuberculate at the
suture, and becoming evanescent on the larger whorls at a short
distance in advance of it; pillar stout, a little twisted, and with
the canal distinctly recurved, with a smooth white callus; outer
lip slightly thickened and reflected, somewhat contracted anter-
iorly to form the short wide canal, and having internally about
midway between its junction with the body-whorl and the canal
a single small rounded pustule-shaped callus; there are no other
denticles except this, which is invariably present in adult
specimens.

L. 9, of last whorl 5, of aperture 3°5 mill.; max. lat. 3, of

aperture 1°5 mill.
Caribbean, 331 to 805 fathoms.

The above is one of the numerous new species discovered in

ANACHIS. 163

1877-79 by the dredgings of the U. 8. Coast Survey Steamer
Blake, and described by Mr. W. H. Dall. He says: “ This
_ Species is most nearly allied to Astyris rosacea, Gould, from
which the faintly sculptured specimens differ by the smaller
mouth in proportion to the spire, and the characters of the epi-
dermis and aperture; the character of the plications also differs
from that of A. rosacea. The solitary pustular denticle is a very
peculiar, and, as far as I am aware, unique feature.” Unfigured.
C. strix, Watson, and its var. subacta, are evidently synonyms:
the species has not been figured, but the description is sufficient
to indicate this.

C. stricta, Watson.

Shell short and dumpy, with a rather high, scalar, blunt spire, a
short but broadish last whorl, and a small, slightly reverted snout ;
there are on the last whorl twelve longitudinal ribs, separated
by furrows three times their width, these ribs increase in number
rapidly up the spire; there is a slight tubercular ridge at the
top of the whorls, and obsolete spiral striz below, becoming
more distinct towards the base of the body-whorl ; color porcel-
lanous white ; apex blunt, smooth ; whorls six, scarcely convex ;
mouth small, lip contracted and slightly curved above, with ten
small teeth within, of which the highest is remote from the top
and larger than the others; just at this point is a slight open
false sinus. lL. °25, diam. -13; mouth long ‘11, broad °06 in.

Near St. Thomas, W. I., 390 fms., in coralmud. (Challenger Exped.)

If this should prove to be an older state of the next species,
it will become a synonym thereto.

C. AMPHISSELLA, Dall:

Shell small, stout, blunt tipped, yellowish white, of four and a
half whorls; nucleus large, white, shining, smooth, of one and a
half whorls ; sculpture of numerous (on the last whorl twenty-one)
straight, subequal plications with about equal interspaces, begin-
ning at the suture, passing clear over the whorl, and fading out
only when near the canal; also faint lines of growth; spiral
sculpture of numerous equal fine rounded threads (twenty-one
on the last whorl) with slightly wider interspaces, covering the
whole shell except the nucleus; pillar short, stout, a little con-

164 ANACHIS.

cave, with a slight callus; outer lip somewhat thickened, smooth ;
canal wide, short but distinct ; sutures distinct. L. 4, lat. 2 mill.
Yucatan Stratt, 640 fms.
TI am not acquainted with this unfigured and apparently imma-
ture species.

C. TEOPHANIA, Duclos. PI. 56, fig. 80.

Shell distantly and rather broadly longitudinally ribbed, with
revolving striz in the interstices, and at the base of the body-
whorl; chestnut, variegated with a darker tint. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknown.

This figured but undescribed species has not been recognized.

C. Bucuuotz1, von Martens. PI. 56, fig. 81.

Shell turreted, shining, longitudinally folded, cut into nodules
by an impressed line under the suture; folds evanescent on the
body-whorl, which has revolving striz towards the base; outer
lip thickened and plicate within; grayish white with three light

chestnut bands. Length, 11 mill.
Guinea, West Africa.

C. Sacra, d’Orb. PI. 56, figs. 83, 84.

Shell oval-oblong, shining, very slightly longitudinally plicated
except the last whorl of the spire, which is smooth, with revolv-
ing grooves at the base of the body-whorl, spire elongated conic,
with sharp apex, composed of seven somewhat convex whorls ;
mouth sinuous; lip thickened, dentate within; columella with
two slightly marked plications ; white, tinged with rose-color on

the spire. Length, 8 mill.
West Indies.

The figure represents a smooth shell, but the description is as
above. I have notseen the species. C. Kieneria, Ducl. (fig. 84),
appears to resemble it very closely, and may be identical; it has
not been described.

C. eLEcTONA, Duclos. PI. 56, fig. 85.
Body-whorl smooth, spire closely and finely longitudinally
ribbed ; white, spire tinged with rose-color ; lip sparsely dentate.

Length, 12 mill.
Habitat unknown.
C. encAuSTICA, Reeve. PI. 56, fig. 86.

Shell oblong, subulate, rather solid, fulvous brown, tessellately

SEMINELLA. 165

blotched with white, spire sharp, sutures impressed, whorls nine,
longitudinally ribbed, decussated with spiral grooves ; aperture
rather small, denticulately ridged within.

Gulf of California (Lieut. Shipley).
. This species has not been recognized by Carpenter nor by
subsequent naturalists. The locality must be considered doubtful,
and the figure is possibly a magnified one.

C. Satnt-PAIRIANA, Caillet. Pl. 56, fig. 87.

Shell elongated, acuminated, solid, reddish rose-color, under a
light olivaceous epidermis; embryonal whorls smooth, several
subsequent ones of the spire closely and finely costulate, body-
whorl without ribs, but with revolving striz below; aperture
narrow, the lip with external varix and denticulated within ;
operculum thin, pellucid, corneous, obliquely striated.

Length, 23 mill.

Isl. of Marie Galante, West Indies.
C. cusprpata, Marrat. i

Shell elongated fusiform,attenuated below, spire sharp-pointed ;
whorls longitudinally costate and transversely suleate, ribs sub-
granulated ; pallid gray, or fulvous, maculated with chestnut,
epidermis dusky; columella arcuate, labium callous; aperture
narrow, lip lirate within.

West Africa.

Unfigured. No dimensions given. The description will suit
several species already well known.

Section VII. Seminella, Pease.

Shell very small, fusiform, longitudinally costate, usually
decussated ; lip slightly emarginate above, lirate or denticulate
within.

Differs from Anachis principally in its minute size.

C. LacHRYMA, Gask. PI. 56, fig. 48.

Shell shortly fusiform, attenuated at each extremity ; snow-
white, faintly stained with orange-brown; surface entirely can-
cellated, spire conical, densely grained; aperture elongated
narrow, lip notched above. Length, 8 mill.

Sandwich Islands ; Upolu.
C. TROGLODYTES, Souverb. PI. 56, fig. 89.

Shell longitudinally ribbed, with equal interstices, and

166 SEMINELLA.

revolving striz at the base of the body-whorl, subtranslucent,
shining, with a lighter band at the sutures and an interrupted
brown line below it, another light band below the periphery, and
the basal portion of the body-whorl checkered with brown spots;
aperture narrow, the lip minutely denticulated within.
Length, 3°75 mill.
New Caledonia ; Papua (Tapparone-Canefri).

C. PEASEI, von Martens.

Shell fusiform, minute, attenuated at both ends, longitudinally
ribbed; color variable, light brown with transverse lines of a
darker color encircling the whorls, or with longitudinal undu-
lating lines, or ornamented with oblong square brown spots, or
light brown dotted with white. Length, 3°5 mill.

Sandwich Islands.
C. CRASSILABRIS, Reeve. PI. 56, fig. 90.

Shell ovate, finely cancellated ; yellowish, encircled with two
bands of red-brown arrow-headed marks, purple-spotted at the
base; spire rather short, sharp; aperture small, lip very thick,

varicose.
Habitat unknown. ,

I am not acquainted with this species. The figure is probably
much enlarged, although it bears no size-mark.

C. pyaM#A, Sowb. PI. 56, figs. 91, 92.

Whorls obliquely ribbed above; white, with three revolving
rows of chestnut spots, sometimes coalescing into blotches.

Length, 6 mill.

West Columbia, Cape St. Lucas.

C. ATOMELLA, Duclos. Pl. 56, fig. 93.

Shell pure white, longitudinally ribbed; aperture peculiarly .
contracted by a plate-like thickening of the inner margin of the

outer lip. Length, 8 mill.
Habitat unknown.

This shell has not been described. C. ornata, Pease (not
Ravenel), has been distributed under this name, and Reeve has
figured for it C. atrata, Gould.

C. Gargretts, Tryon. Pl. 56, fig. 94.

Shell rather stoutly fusiform; spire slender, elongate ; longi-
tudinal ribs rounded, prominent, contiguous,sometimes becoming

SEMINELLA. 167

obsolete on lower part of last whorl; outer lip denticulate within ;
ribs white, sometimes banded with white, blotched or spotted
irregularly with iridescent reddish brown, last whorl ornamented
with flexuous lines of reddish chestnut. Length, 3 mill.
Tahiti.

Varies much in the disposition of its colors, but the opaque-
white ribs and flexuous lines on the last whorl are constant.
Described by Mr. Pease as Citharopsis ornata, but as Citharopsis
is a synonym of Columbella, and as the specific name ornata is
preoccupied by Ravenel for a post-pliocene species, I make the
change of name as above.

C. aRaciLis, Pease. PI. 56, fig. 95.

Shell slender, elongately fusiform, shining; longitudinal ribs
usually rather prominent, sometimes evanescent, interstices
generally showing revolving striz, lower part of body-whorl
distinctly striate; sometimes the ribs are obsolete and the
revolving stris become prominent over the entire body-whorl ;
yellowish, sometimes variegated with chestnut, and frequently
with chestnut spots arranged in a superior band.

Length, 4-6 mill, Viti Isles.

Pretty constant in form, but varying in sculpture and coloring.
Pease described from a not perfectly adult specimen; Dunker
described the adult under the name of C. pusiola. A portion of
the original lot of the latter species is before me. Mr. Garrett
believes C. pusiola to — C. lachryma, Gaskoin (p. 165).

C. raniaTA, Phil. PI. 56, fig. 96.

Shell with rounded whorls, and well-impressed suture, spire
subturreted; tubercularly ribbed beneath the sutures; yellowish
- white with revolving lines and blotches of chestnut; aperture
small, lip notched above, denticulate within. Length, 6 mill.

Mazatlan; Cape St. Lucas.

C. Gaskoini, Carp., and C. venusta, Reeve (fig. 96), are syno-

nyms.

C. KrrostrRA, Duclos. PI. 56, fig. 97.
Shell pure white. Length, 9°5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
I can give no information concerning this shell, which is figured

but not described ; it may be colorless from bleaching.

4

168 SEMINELLA.

C. ATRAMENTARIA, Sowb. PI. 56, figs. 98, 99; Pl. 43, fig. 27;
PAs; fig. as

Shell ventricose, with sharp-pointed spire, thick, closely
spirally grooved, longitudinally plicately ribbed, the ribs fading
towards the lower part; very dark chocolate, obscurely white
spotted ; aperture chocolate; outer lip thickened at the margin
and dentate within. Length, 85-10 mill.

Galapagos Islands; Gulf of Nicoya, Central America.

C. lentiginosa, Hinds (t. 43, fig. 27), is synonymous and C.
pariolida, Duclos (fig. 1), is a specimen in which the longitudinal
plice are not developed ; a not unusual form.

C. NIGRICANS, Sowb. PI. 57, fig. 2.

Shell cancellated by longitudinal ribs and revolving striz, with
usually a single row of minute granules at the sutures ; aperture
rather small, lip thickened and denticulated within, conspicuously
notched behind; dusky brown or nearly black, sometimes
obseurely lighter-banded on the middle of the body-whorl, and
frequently the sutural tubercles form a narrow white band.

Length, 8 mill.

Panama, Galapagos.
C. PARVA, Sowb. PI. 57, figs. 3-5.
Minutely longitudinally ribbed, the interstices with fine
revolving striz ; yellowish brown, with a chestnut-colored supe-
rior band, and base. Length, 5-8 mill.
West Coast Central America.
The shell figured by Reeve (fig. 3) differs much from the type
and is apparently not adult. C. pamila, Duclos (fig. 5) appears
to be synonymous.

C. spapicea, Philippi. Pl. 57, fig. 6.

Cylindrically oblong, acuminated at the apex, longitudinally
ribbed, and decussated by faint revolving striz, slightly tuber-
culated at the sutures; dark chocolate, with a narrow white
band on the periphery, and sutural granules also whitish.

Length, 9 mill.
Mazatlan.

A narrower shell than C. nigricans, with similar sculpture and
colors.

SEMINELLA. 169

C. opesa, C. B. Ad. PI. 57, figs. 7-9, 20.

Shell ovately ventricose, longitudinally ribbed, a little crimped
at the sutures, with fine revolving striae, sometimes obsolete
except towards the base of the body-whorl; dusky or yellowish,
chestnut-banded near the suture, and again on the middle or base
of body-whorl. Length, 5-7 mill.

West Indies; Mouth of St. John’s River, Florida.

C. cancellata, Gaskoin (fig. 8), is founded on a dead, faded
specimen of this species. Reeve’s description of C obesa is very
bad, and his figure does not correspond with his description—
nor does it represent the species. In C. decipiens, Ad. (fig. 9),
the ribs are early evanescent on the body-whorl, and the aper-
ture has a well-defined marginal varix; it cannot be separated,
even as a variety.

C. osTREICOLA, HE. A. Smith. PI. 57, fig. 19.

Minute, subfusiform, blackish brown, longitudinally ribbed,
ribs slightly nodulous at the upper part; transversely grooved
towards the base; spire acute, rather longer than the mouth;
whorls six, sloping, scarcely convex ; nucleus smooth; last whorl
somewhat swollen, contracted towards the base ; aperture oblong,
dark brown within; lip with a moderate sinus above, denticulated
within; canal very short; columella with a nodulous callosity
above. L. 4, diam. 2 mill.

Florida (on Ostrea virginica).

Said to be allied to C. nigricans, but I think its closest rela-
tionships are with C. obesa, Ads. The figure represents a more
stumpy form than that species, but the description, copied above,
indicates no differential character.

C. atratA, Gould. PI. 57, figs. 10-17.

Shell plicately ribbed, with revolving strie at base; lip
searcely denticulated within ; dark brown, nearly black, some-
times with two or three brown bands. Length, 5 mill.

Hong-Kong Harbor (Stimpson) ; Pt. Jackson, Australia
(Brazier) ; Aracan (Hanley); Viti Islands
(Garrett) ; Vew Caledonia (Souverbie).

Probably C. melanida, Ducl. (fig. 11), C. levania, Duclos (fig.
13), C. atomella, Reeve, not Duclos (fig. 10), and C. pumila,
Souverb. (fig. 12), are synonyms. It is a common shell, of wide

distribution. I am much inclined to include here C. ida, Duclos
22

ns

170 SEMINELLA.

(figs. 14-17). The figures have no size-mark attached, yet there
can be little doubt that they are greatly magnified ; they include
shells more varied in color than anything we have been accus-
tomed to refer to C. atrata, yet among them is one that is per-
fectly and others that are nearly typical in this respect.

C. NISITELLA, Duclos. PI. 57, fig. 18.

Very like the C. ida which I have above referred to C. atrata,
except in size, being 15 mill. long, according to the size-mark
accompanying the figure.

C. Dieeiesi, Brazier. Pl. 56, fig. 100.

Shell oblong-ovate, thin, glassy, whitish, marked with oblique
reddish lines, longitudinally narrowly ribbed; whorls five and
a half, tabled at the suture; apex acute, light blue; aperture
ear-shaped, half the length of the shell; outer lip minutely
denticulated within; columella curved, finely striated, with a
callus extending to the upper part; canal short. Length, 3 mill.

N. EH. Coast of Australia, 18 fathoms (Brazier).

Habitat unknown.

C. GowLuanndl, Brazier. PI. 57, fig. 21.

Oblong-ovate, rather solid, horny yellow, longitudinally ribbed
as far as the centre of the last whorl; ribs rounded and smooth,
interstices smooth, below obliquely striated ; whorls eight, mod-
erately convex, encircled with a reddish band on the centre of
the whorls, with two on the last, one in the middle and one below,
grained at the suture; apex acute, very smooth; aperture ear-
shaped, short, outer lip thickened, smooth; columella sinuous,
coated with callus, upper part with a tooth-like callus spreading
towards the outer lip; canal short, straight. Length, 4°5 mill.

NV. H. Australia (ander stones); San Cristoval, Solomon’s Is.

C. LENTIGINOSA, Reeve. PI. 57, figs. 22, 23.

Shell elongately ovate, moderately solid, purplish olive, with a
band of white dots just below the suture, and another encircling
the middle of the last whorl; whorls six, strongly and closely
longitudinally ribbed, the ribs becoming evanescent towards the
base of the lower whorl, which is transversely grooved; aperture
narrowly subquadrate ; canal short, everted and recurved.

Length, 3°5 mill.

Port Jackson, under stones at low-water (Angas);
Darnley Is., Torres Sts., Australia (Brazier).

SEMINELLA. 171

I include in the synonymy C. Smithi, Angas (fig. 23), from
which the above description is copied. Mr. Angas changed the
name of lentiginosa, Reeve, preoccupied by Hinds, to C. Darwini,

but as Hinds’ species is a synonym of C. atramentaria, Sowb.,
Reeve’s name can be used.

C. speciosa, Angas. PI. 57, fig. 24.

Shell minute, fusiform, thin, subtransparent; yellowish, orna-
mented with very fine undulating longitudinal chestnut lines,
and encircled by two bands of irregular square or crescent-shaped
opaque white spots, and frequently a narrow, subcentral chestnut
band ; whorls five, the last longitudinally plicate above, smooth
below. Length, 3 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

Mangelia Atkinsoni, Tenison-Woods, is a synonym.

_C. FULMINEA, Gould.

Spire and upper part of body-whorl with flexuous plications,
lower part of body-whorl with revolving strize ; ovate-lanceolate,
shining, whorls six, convex, ornamented with angulated lines of
orange and chestnut; lip simple, slightly thickened behind,
smooth within and purplish. Length, 7 mill.

, A St. Simon’s Bay (Stimpson).

The folds are said to be unusually distinct and prominent. I
am not acquainted with this species.

C. MinuscuLA, Gould.

Shell minute, thick, elongate, fuscous; whorls seven, slightly
convex, with narrow ribs, obsoletely clathrate below; aperture
about half the length of the shell, the lip arcuate, acute, granulated
within. The variety is thinner, horn-colored, with two dark
revolving threads. LL. 4, diam. 1°5 mill.

Ousima (Stimpson).

Unknown to me. The types of this, the preceding and
following species described by Gould are believed to have been
destroyed by fire at Chicago.

C. NEBULOSA, Gould.

Shell small, elongately ovate, turreted, composed of eight
slightly convex tabulated whorls, with a sutural line and about
twenty undulations; variegated with yellow-brown; the last

172 SEMINELLA.

whorl with revolving striz; aperture one-third the length of the
shell, lunate. L. 6 mill., diam. 2°5 mill.
China Sea (Stimpson).
C. minuta, Gould.
Shell minute, ovate, turreted, straw-color, with twelve acute
longitudinal plications, and revolving striz ; aperture about one-
third the length of the shell, the lip somewhat gibbous within.

li. 2:5 diam. 1 mill.
China Sea (Stimpson).

C. porsuosa, Gould.

Shell small, elongate, ovately fusiform, shining, waxy with a
subsutural chestnut band and another at the base; whorls eight,
shouldered, somewhat convex, with seven ribs and thin trans-
verse striz ; aperture lunate with acute lip.

L. 7 mill., diam. 3 mill.

Hong-Kong (Stimpson).
C. BALTEATA, Gould.

Shell minute, rhomboidal, elongated, shining, straw-colored,
banded with chestnut; whorls seven, the three earlier ones
simple, the rest lirate with a subsutural impressed line, and the
interstices of the ribs with revolving striz; aperture narrowly

lunate, lip simple. IL. 4 mill., diam. 2 mill.
China Sea. .

C. ALTERNATA, Gould.

Shell minute, elongately ovate, shining; straw-color, with
elongated chestnut spots arranged on alternate plications; whorls
five, with twelve obtuse plications, and anterior revolving striz ;
aperture short, narrow, lip thickened, crenate within.

L. 3, diam. 1°5 mill.
Hong-Kong.

C. NANA, Dunker.

Shell small, oblong or nearly biconical, with exserted acute
spire ; whorls five, longitudinally plicate, the last half the length
of the shell; spire white, body-whorl mostly chestnut ; aperture

narrow, variegated within. Length, 4 mill.
Viti Islands.

Unfigured.

C. ZONATA, Gould.
Shell minute, fusiform, shining, waxy, with a subsutural chest-
nut band and a wider basal one; whorls six, contracted below,

SEMINELLA. his

with ten to twelve flexuous plications; aperture narrow, with
acute, simple lip. L. 3, diam. 2 mill.
Kagosima (Stimpson).
Mr. E. A. Smith refers this to the genus Zafra, described as
one of the Pleurotomidz, but which he thinks belongs to
Columbellidee.

C. Nevitu1, Tryon. PI. 57, fig. 25.

Shell long and narrow, with a few narrow longitudinal ribs
separated by wide interspaces, and indistinct revolving strie; a
groove below the suture of the upper whorls, becoming obsolete
near the last whorl; outer lip acute, slightly emarginate at the
top, striated within. Length, 5 mill.

Mauritius.

Described by G. and H. Nevill as C. balteata, a name preoc-
cupied by Gould.

C. cLATHRATA, Brazier.

Shell ovately fusiform, yellowish white, polished, longitudinally
roundly ribbed, ribs smooth, interstices clathrate ; suture canal-
iculated, noduled above and below, whorls six, convex, the last
lower half transversely grooved on the back giving the surface
a noduled appearance; aperture white, nearly oblong-ovate,
columella straight, with thin lip, having three white nodules,
peristome thin at edge, thickened internally, having eight
tubercles, the second upper one prominent, somewhat lirate,
sinuate at the upper part, canal short, narrow.

L. 7, diam. 4 mill.

Katow, New Guinea, 7 fms., sandy mud bottom (Brazier).

An unfigured species with which I am unacquainted.

C. IsoMELLA, Duclos. PI. 57, fig. 26.

Shell clathrate by longitudinal ribs and revolving striz ; white,
variegated with orange-brown; lip thickened, smooth within.

Length, 11 mill.

Habitat unknown.

This and the several following species have been figured and
named by Duclos, but not described, nor recognized by subse-
quent monographers. The present species may possibly be a
small Pleurotomid.

174 SEMINELLA.

C. LintGeRA, Duclos. PI. 57, fig. 27.

Shell of the general character of the preceding species, but
narrower, with stronger ribs and slightly dentate within the

aperture. Length, 6 mill.
Habitat unknown.

C. oxyiuiA, Duclos. PI. 57, fig. 28.

Shell broad ovate, spire and upper portion of body-whorl
strongly ribbed ; with revolving ‘strive below, becoming obsolete
on the middle and upper portion of the body-whorl; lip with
an external varix, strongly dentate within; yellowish brown
maculated with chestnut. Length, 5+ mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. acteontA, Duclos. Pl. 58, fig. 31.

Shell longitudinally ribbed, with revolving striz at the base ;

light chestnut-color; columella tuberculated, outer lip dentate

within. Length, 9 mill. c
Habitat unknown.
Perhaps a variety of C. oxyllia.

C. cLEDONIDA, Duclos. PI. 58, fig. 29. .

Shell with tabulated whorls, biangulated on the body-whorl,
and nodulated on the angle, longitudinally ribbed, crossed by
impressed striz; yellowish brown. Length, 4°5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. numILIA, Duclos. PI. 58, fig. 30.

Shell with distant well-rounded whorls, and distant rounded
ribs crossed by revolving, narrow riblets, contracted into a short
open canal below; inner lip slightly plicate, outer lip dentate
within; brown, darker on the ribs. Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. prosyMNIA, Duclos. PI. 58, fig. 32.

Form and sculpture of the shell very like the preceding
species; but the ribs are flatter, the revolving riblets replaced
by striz or grooves forming smaller tubercles between the inter-
sections, outer lip more strongly dentate within; chestnut-

colored. Length, 7 mill.
Habitat unknown.

C. ANAIDEA, Duclos. PI. 58, fig. 33.

Shell with elevated spire, moderately convex whorls and well-
impressed sutures; longitudinally ribbed, the ribs becoming

SEMINELLA. 175

evanescent towards the middle of the body-whorl; with fine
revolving strize, most conspicuous towards the base; lip thick-
ened and strongly toothed within; yellowish white.

Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.
Possibly a fossil, or water-worn if recent.

C. ontiaIa, Duclos. PI. 58, fig. 34.

Differs but little from C. anaidea, Duclos; the teeth within

the outer lip are finer and more numerous. Length, 6 mill.
Habitat unknown.
C. NEpTUNIA, Duclos. PI. 58, fig. 35.

Shell clathrate by longitudinal and revolving riblets ; aperture
rather large, the outer lip toothed within ; chocolate-brown.

Length, 5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. orntonIA, Duclos. PI. 58, fig. 36.

Shell white, covered by nodules formed by the intersection of
close longitudinal and spiral sculpture ; aperture slightly toothed
‘ within. Length, 9 mill.

Habitat unknown.
Much resembles C. prosymnia, described above.

C. seaEsTA, Duclos. PI. 58, fig. 37.

Shell ovate-oblong with shouldered whorls, and distant,
rounded, longitudinal ribs and revolving striz in the interstices,
becoming continuous towards the base of the body-whorl where
the ribs are evanescent; aperture contracted by a columellar
callus and the outer lip into a short oblique anterior canal; outer
lip with small teeth on the inner margin; yellowish with a
chestnut band covering the shoulder and a narrower, interrupted
one on the periphery of the last whorl. Length, 5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. TestInA, Duclos. PI. 58, fig. 38.

Shell ovate, with conical spire, last whorl obtusely angulated
on the periphery, where the longitudinal ribs apparently become
subnodulous, those of the spire forming nodules above the
Sutures; grayish or yellowish white, the nodules chocolate or
blackish; outer lip widely sinuated behind, denticulated within.

Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.

176 SEMINELLA.

C. stRIATULA, Dunker. PI. 58, fig. 39.

Shell subcylindrical, with acuminated and sharp-pointed spire,
closely longitudinally plicate, the plicze sometimes becoming
obsolete towards the middle of the body-whorl, with close
revolving striz crossing over the ribs, but strongest towards the
base of the shell ; lip varicosely thickened externally and slightly
plicate within; yellowish, with chestnut fascicles at the sutures
and one or two bands of oblique chestnut spots.

L. 7°5 mill., diam. 2°5 mill.
Tahetti.

Described from specimens which formed a portion of the
original collection of this species.

C. COSTELLIFERA, Pease.

Shell oblong-ovate, longitudinally ribbed; ribs about twenty,
close, compressedly rounded, extending the whole length of the
whorls, very slightly constricted beneath the sutures; whorls
five, plano-convex; aperture rather wide; sinus open, on the
central third of the lip; base subtruncate ; canal very short;
ribs grayish white: interstices sometimes reddish brown; last
whorl partially banded or irregularly painted with reddish

brown. L. 5, diam. 2 mill.
Polynesia.
Unfigured, and unknown to me by specimens.

C. sutcosa, Sowb. PI. 58, fig. 40.

Shell lead-black, with distant, sharp, longitudinal, lighter-
colored ribs, often appearing continuous from apex to base,
interstices sometimes showing revolving striz; aperture choco-
late, the lip notched behind, minutely denticulate within.

Length, 8 mill.
Panama; Annaa and Lord Hood’s Islands (Cuming).

C. morsta, C. B Adams. PI. 58, fig. 41.

Shell very dark chocolate-color, obliquely closely ribbed, the
interstices with revolving striz#; the ribs disappear upon the
upper portion of the body-whorl and the striz become con-
tinuous; lip externally varicose, notched behind, crenulated
within. Length, 7°5 mill.

Panama.
Possibly only a narrow variety of C. nigricans, Sowb.

SEMINELLA. rg

C. GUATEMALENSIS, Reeve. PI. 58, figs. 42, 43.

Shell wide ovate, closely ribbed, decussated by revolving
linear grooves; yellowish white, with a superior band of tessel-
lated brown spots, and another broader one below the periphery ;
aperture chocolate, lip dentate within. Length, 7-5 mill.

Guatemala (Reeve) ; Panama (C. B. Adams).

This is the C. tessellata of C. B. Adams (fig. 43), not Gaskoin.

C. piminuta, C. B. Adams. PI. 58, fig. 44.

Shell minute, cancellated by longitudinal ribs and revolving
strie ; yellowish, tinged or maculated with chestnut, with the
base stained chestnut or chocolate. Length, 3-4 mill.

Panama (Adams) ; Mazatlan (Carpenter).

Anachis rufotincta, Carp., from the latter locality, is a
synonym.

C. putcurior, C. B. Adams. PI. 58, fig. 45.

Shell thin, subpellucid, smooth; yellowish, with chestnut
blotches and minute dots arranged in quincunx order, the colors
fascicled or filleted at the sutures; lip rather sharp, thickened
and sinuated behind; with a few granules inside.

Length, 4°5 mill.

Panama.
C. unpatTA, Carpenter.

Shell small, turreted, the nuclear whorls smooth, tumid, with
mammillate apex, the others longitudinally ribbed, the ribs nine
in number, obsolete anteriorly and posteriorly, with distant
acute spiral liree; aperture oval, with a short, straight canal,
outer lip acute, not lirate within; color reddish brown, under a
thin epidermis. lL. °44, diam °2 in.

Catalina Island, Cal.

Operculum nassoid (?), the only one obtained was broken in
extracting it. The sculpture consists of elongated knobs swelling
in the middle; with spiral lines hanging as it were from pier to
pier, as in a suspension bridge.

C. PENICILLATA, Carpenter. PI. 58, fig. 46.
Shell small, Metuloid, turreted, yellowish, more or less marbled

with chestnut ; nuclear whorls two, helicoid, tumid, with mammil-

lary apex; normal whorls six, convex, with rounded longitudinal
23

178 SEMINELLA.

ribs crossed by strong spiral striz; aperture pyriform, effuse
below, the lip posteriorly sinuate. Length, 4°5 mill.
Sta. Barbara, 8S. Diego, Catalina I., Caltfornia,
shore to ten fathoms.
Belongs to a small group of narrow elongated species inhab-
iting the West Coast of North America.

C. suBTuRRITA, Carpenter. PI. 58, fig. 47.

Shell narrow, subcylindrical, consisting of seven moderately
convex whorls; with close oblique longitudinal ribs and revolving
striz in the interstices ; yellowish to chocolate-brown ; aperture
small, broadly ovai, the lip acute and smooth within.

Length, 4°5 mill.

Todas Santos Bay, L. California (Hemphill).
C. TincTa, Carpenter.

An unfigured species, small, turreted, white, longitudinally
costate and spirally striate, tinged with reddish orange on the
cost ; aperture subquadrate, lip thickened in the middle.

L. 5 mill., diam. 2 mill.
Cape St. Lucas, L. California.

The only specimen I have seen of this species, is not in sufli-
ciently good condition for figuring. It is very narrowly cylin-
drical, with the aperture very small for the length of the shell.

C. FUSCOSTRIGATA, Carpenter.

Shell small, turreted, livid, shining, with a chestnut band ; sub-
obsoletely longitudinally ten-ribbed. L. -13, diam. 045 in.
Cape St. Lucas, L. California.
Described from a single specimen, which I have not seen.
Unfigured. —

C. sERRATA, Carpenter.

Shell sculptured with undulated, indistinct, longitudinal ribs
and revolving striz, under a fimbriated epidermis; fuscous,
maculated with purple. IL. 28 in., diam. 13 in.

Mazatlan to Cape St. Lucas.
C. nicRoFuscA, Carpenter.

Shell blackish-brown, with subundulated livid lines; whorls
flattened, with longitudinal ribs, the interstices and base of body-
whorl spirally striate; lip varicose, sinuated behind, dentate

within. L.°4, diam. ‘15 inch.
Mazatlan.

SEMINELLA. 179

C. ALBoNODOSA, Carpenter.

Shell greenish white, maculated and marked with zigzag lines
of chestnut, and maculated with white below the sutures ; whorls
flattened, obsoletely costate, and spirally striate towards the

base; lip dentate within. L.-13, diam. 063 in.
Mazatlan.

The above three minute species remain unfigured ; very few
specimens occurred.

C. Stearns, Tryon. PI. 58, fig. 48.
Whorls five, convex; surface white, with fine revolving grooves
and no ribs; lip simple, ribbed within. Length, -16 inch.
Tampa Bay, W. Florida.
Described by Mr. Stearns under the specific name of jilosa,
preoccupied by Angas for an Australian species.

C. HORDEACEA, Philippi.

A minute, unfigured species, longitudinally costate and the
cost becoming evanescent upon the body-whorl which is striate
at the base; orange-brown, with a darker central band; lip

thickened and crenate within.
Red Sea.
Unidentified by subsequent explorers.

C. GuiLpiInci, Sowb. PI. 58, figs. 49, 50.

Shell longitudinally ribbed, decussated with spiral strize, last
whorl with subangulated periphery; aperture ovate, sinuous,
finely denticulated within ; yellowish chestnut to dark chocolate,
strigate longitudinally with a darker shade of color, with a
central, irregular white band. Length, 8 mill.

West Indies.
C. cATENATA, Sowb. Pl. 58, figs. 51-55.

Shell longitudinally ribbed, with revolving strize towards the
base ; ribs sometimes slightly nodulous at the sutures; aperture
rather small, columella tuberculate, outer lip denticulated within
the simple margin; yellowish or light blush-color, tessellated or
interruptedly banded with chestnut. Length, 8-9 mill.

West Indies.

The typical state of this species shows two bands of spots,
more or less defined by darker borders, but the coloring is very
irregular, the bands being usually barely indicated by a closer

180 MITROPSIS, CONIDEA.

arrangement of spots and streaks which cover the entire surface.
The latter state is represented by C. mitrula, Dunker (fig. 52), an
intermediate one by C. costulata, C. B. Ad. Other synonyms
are C. Antillarum, Reeve (fig. 53), C. scutulata, Reeve (fig. 54),
C. sparsa, Rve. (fig. 55).

C. VIRGINEA, Gould.

Shell minute, rhomboidally fusiform, with fourteen longitudinal
plications and a few anterior revolving striz ; whorls six, subtab-
ulate, with an impressed subsutural line; aperture narrow, the
lip without teeth. L. 4, diam. 1 mill.

China Seas (Stimpson).

-Unfigured. The types were probably destroyed in the great
Chicago fire.

Section VIII. Mitropsis, Pease.

The only character in the description by which this group is
distinguished from Seminella is the plicate columella, yet these
plications appear in the figure of the only species to be con-
nected with the external basal grooving; its distinctness from
Seminella must be considered doubtful. Pease described it as a
genus of Mitride.

C. PaumoteEnsis, Tryon. PI. 58, fig. 56.

Shell fusiform, much attenuated at both ends, white, shining,
spire small, slender; whorls longitudinally ribbed; ribs rather
remote, rounded, descending from the sutures, last whorl gibbous
on its right side; transversely finely striate; sutures widely and
deeply grooved; base grooved transversely; canal recurved,
columella four-plaited. Length, 7 mill.

Paumotus.

“The callosity bordering the inner lip gives it a Columbelloid
appearance.” The above is Pease’s description of JMMitropsis
fusiformis: the specific name being preoccupied in Columbella,
I am forced to change it.

Secticn IX. Conidea, Swainson.

Shell oval, mitriform, smooth, with moderately’ elevated,
convex spire; inner lip reflected in front; outer lip incurved
and thickened in the middle and crenulate within.

CONIDEA. 181

C. ovuLaTaA, Lam. PI. 59, figs. 57, 58.

Shell covered with fine revolving striz; dark chocolate-color
irregularly spotted, clouded or strigated with white.

Length, 12-15 mill.

West Indies, on pieces of madrepore, stony ground,
1 to 2 feet water.

Many specimens are proportionally narrower than my figure ;
I have also before me a narrow variety (C. ovuloides, C. B. Ad.,
fig. 58), in which the color is light chestnut, the white markings
usually including an irregular central band.

C. optusa, Sowb. PI. 59, figs. 59, 60.

Shell oblong-cylindrical, with an obtuse but sharp-pointed
* spire, smooth; roseate or yellowish with chestnut spots or zigzag
lines; sometimes chestnut, with zigzag lines and reticulations of
yellowish white; epidermis thin, translucent, finely ridged ;
interior of aperture violet or purple. Length, 12-16 mill.

Viti and other Polynesian Islands.

C. MARMoRATA, Gray. PI. 59, figs. 61, 62.

Shell fulvous orange, with irregular white markings.
Length, 11-14 mill.
South Australia (Angas); Philippines (Cuming);
Viti Islands (Garrett).
Distinguished from the last species at once by its form and
more simple coloring.

C. pormiToR, Sowb. PI. 59, fig. 63.

Shell closely marked by revolving striz ; violaceous, under
smooth, semitransparent chestnut epidermis, Length, 8 mill.
West Indies.
C. rcertA, Duclos. Pl. 59, fig. 64.
Shell yellowish, clouded with light chestnut ; body-whorl some-
what folded on the back, beneath the suture, Length, 13 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. tRIncA, Lam. PI. 59, figs. 65, 66.

Oblong, cylindrical, smooth, under a very thin epidermis ;
white, with chocolate spots and stripes, usually arranged ina
zigzag longitudinal manner. Length, -T—-1 inch.

New Caledonia; Viti Islands; Japan.

A minor variety of this species, the adults not exceeding °7

182 CONIDEA.

inch in length, appears to be a connecting form with C. pardalina,
var. sagena. Voluta tringa of Linneus and of Lamarck’s first
edition is a difficult species to make out; it has been referred,
with some justice, to Mitra. In the second edition of Lam.,
Deshayes repeats the original description, including the three-
plicate columella, but decides that the shell is a Columbella. I do
not think he had good grounds for this decision, but as the shell
I herein figure has become known to conchologists under this
specific name and authority it appears more convenient to con-
tinue to use them. C. undata, Duclos (fig. 66), is a synonym.

C. FLAVA, Brug. PI. 59, figs. 67-72.

Shell cylindrically oblong,smooth, with revolving strize towards
the base, covered by a thin epidermis; orange-brown to choco-
late, spotted and blotched with white, interior of aperture
usually more or less violaceous. Length, ‘75-1:1 inches.

Indian Ocean, Japan, Mauritius, New Caledonia, Polynesia.

I figure two well-marked types of coloring in this species ; it
is very variable, approaching C. tringa on the one side and C.
discors on the other, and it is not unlikely that these, as well as
several other allied species, will eventually be consolidated. C.
punctata, Sowb. (fig. 69), C. lugubris, Kiener (fig. 70), C. funi-
culata, Souv. (fig. 71), are synonyms. C. rubicundula, Quoy
(fig. 72), may possibly belong here; it is unknown to me except
through the description and (apparently) poor figure.

C. piscors, Gmelin. Pl. 59, figs. 73-77.

Shell obovate, with short, conically convex spire; chestnut-
colored or orange-red, spotted or interruptedly strigate with
white, with frequently a few larger white spots and a broad
orange sutural band ; interior of aperture often violaceous.

Length, °75—1 inch.

East Africa, Borneo, Japan, Philippines, New Guinea.

The synonyms are C. semipunctata, Lam. (fig. 74), C. splendi-
dula, Sowb. (fig. 15), C. zelina, Duclos, (fig. 77).

C. EUSTOMA, Jousseaume. PI. 59, fig. 78.

Shell oblong, obesely. acuminate, smooth, shining, white macu-
lated with chestnut ; aperture violet-tinted. Length, 15 mill.
Habitat unknown.
The figure appears to represent a shell of abnormal growth.

META, STROMBINA. 183

Section X. Meta, Reeve.

Shell coniform, with short, conic spire; aperture narrow,
linear ; outer lip nearly straight, crenulated within.

C. PuiippinarumM, Reeve. Pl. 59, figs. 79-82; Pl. 60, figs.
83-87.

Shell white, with longitudinal zigzag lines and spots of
chestnut, sometimes widened and darkened so as to form an
interrupted superior revolving band; aperture usually white
within. Length, °75—-1°1 inches.

Batavia, Philippines.

With this species I unite C. epamella, Duclos (fig. 81). The

following are all probable varieties of C. Philippinarum.

Var. CONIFORMIS, Sowb. Fig. 82.

Whorls rather sharply angled at the upper part, the spire
superficially channeled ; white, closely reticulated with chestnut
or chocolate. Length, 1:1 inches.

Habitat unknown.
Var. CEDO-NULLI, Reeve. Figs. 83-87.

Shell chestnut, conspicuously blotched with white, sometimes
forming a sutural band of alternating white and chestnut spots.
C. Dupontizx, Kiener (fig. 84), and C. macrostoma, Anton (fig. 85)
appear to be synonyms; the latter not fully adult.

Var. usta, Sowb. Figs. 86, 87.

Shell orange or rosy orange, sometimes with a central band of
white and chestnut spots.

Section XI. St-ombina, Mérch.

Shell fusiform, turriculated ; spire elevated, sharp; whorls
gibbous, nodulous; inner lip with a rather thick callus; outer
lip thick, sinuous behind; anterior canal well formed. The
group is characteristic of the warm and tropical seas of the
West Coast of America.

C. BICANALIFERA, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 88.

Shell smooth, spirally grooved at the base; lip expanded and
margined externally, thickened and finely crenulated within,
rostrated posteriorly and separated from the body-whorl by a
deep channel; pale livid, longitudinally painted with waved

184 STROMBINA.

chestnut lines, external lip-margin chestnut, interior of aperture
pale violaceous. Length, 12-15 mill.

Panama, Galapagos Is.
C. GIBBERULA, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 90; Pl. 63, fig. 71.

Body-whorl with callous humps on the back and side; these
are white, the rest of the surface having a reticulation of chestnut
lines on a yellowish white surface ; lip varicosely thickened exter-
nally, smooth or slightly crenulated within. Length, 12-16 mill.

W. Coast of Central America; Payta, Peru (d’Orb.).

C. cALLostuscuLa, Tapparone-Canefri.

Shell fusiform, solid, shining, luteo-corneous, marked with
chestnut, subpellucid ; whorls irregularly longitudinally strigate
or subcostulate, the last gibbous and callous on the back, sulcate
at the base; lip thickened and white externally, slightly dentate

in the middle internally. L. 9, diam. 3°66 mill. 3
Papuan Islands.

Unfigured. Closely allied to the preceding, but smaller, } nar-
rower, without side callus, etc.

C. ALBERTISII, Tapparone-Canefri.

Resembling the preceding species, but larger ; luteo-corneous,
with an articulated zone of chestnut and white at the suture, and
two narrower chestnut zones below, marked longitudinally with
irregular, interrupted chestnut lines. L. 11, diam. 4 mill.

Papuan Islands.

Unfigured. Somewhat larger and differently colored from C.

callosiuscula.

C. cLAVULUs, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 89.

Shell yellowish white, with zigzag or reticulated markings of
chestnut or chocolate; outer lip externally greatly thickened,
the posterior canal sometimes in advance of the posterior end,
this displacement apparently caused by a callous thickening of
the hind part of the parietal wall. Length, 23 mill.

Bay of Montija, W. Coast Centr. Am. 17 fms. (Cuming).

Described as a Pleurotoma, but the position of the sinus
appears to be merely accidentally displaced by the development
of the callus. I am somewhat doubtful whether this is really
distinct from the next species.

STROMBINA. 185

C. DorsATA, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 91.

Yellowish white, maculated and closely longitudinally marked
with flexuous or zigzag chestnut lines; aperture externally
callously thickened, with a corresponding thickening on the
opposite side of the body-whorl, and a hump on its back.

Length, ‘8-1-1 inches.

West Coast of Columbia; Central America.

C. gibberula, very much resembles this species, but is much

smaller.

C. PAVoNINA, Hinds. PI. 60, figs. 92, 98.

Shell yellowish white, longitudinally, flexuously striped and
strigated with chocolate; striate towards the base, which is
narrowed and recurved; lip callously thickened externally,

denticulate within. Length, 22 mill.
Panama.
C. Haneti, Petit (fig. 93), is a synonym.

C. NIVEA, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 94.

Whorls strongly plicate, with the interstices and base striate;

white. Length, 19 mill.
Habitat unknown.

Reeve acknowledges that this is not a very satisfactory species.
I am inclined to think it a distorted growth of C. pavonina, as
in that species some of the growth-lines are incipient plications
and the superior strize are sometimes recognizable with a glass.
It was probably beach-worn.

C. Boursorrana, Crosse. PI. 60, fig. 95.

Shell smooth, white, with light chestnut undulated longitudinal
lines; aperture light yellowish, white-margined, nearly eden-
tulous within. Length, 14 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. PULCHERRIMA, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 96.

Shell spirally ridged and longitudinally plicated, the spire
acuminated, with a sharp apex; yellowish brown, the ridges
tinged with chestnut; lip thickened, strongly dentate within.

Length, 23 mill.
Gulf of Dulce, Central America.

Described from a single specimen, dredged by Mr. Cuming
from sandy mud ata depth of ten fathoms. It is remarkably
distinct from all its congeners.

24

186 STROMBINA.

C. Macutosa, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 97.
Whorls tubercularly coronated ; white reticulated with chest-

nut. Length, 1 inch. :
West Coast of Central America to Cape St. Lucas.

C. ELEGANS, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 98.

Shell regularly and somewhat closely longitudinally ribbed,
with revolving strie towards the base; yellowish white, longi-
tudinally marked with chestnut zigzag lines; aperture white,
outer lip strongly dentate within. Length, 1-5 inches.

Guacomayo, W. Co. Central America, in sandy mud.

C. TuRRITA, Sowb. PI. 60, figs. 99, 100.
Shell smooth; yellowish white, closely reticulated with chest-
nut, articulated at the suture; aperture whitish, without teeth.
Length, 35 mill.

West Coast of Central America, in coarse gravel and sand
to}
at 10 fathoms (Cuming).

Sowerby has figured a pale variety of this species (fig. 100),
in which the color-markings are sharply angular.

C. ANGULARIS, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 1.

Whorls with strong longitudinal ribs, the last one with an
angulated periphery, below which the ribs become obsolete and
are replaced by revolving striz; aperture strongly dentate
within ; yellowish white, stained with chestnut. Length, 32 mill.

Panama.

Described from a single specimen obtained by Mr. Cuming.
IT suspect that several of the species of this group will prove to
be mere variations of a single type when a sufficient series has
been obtained to study them properly.

C. suBULATA, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 2.

Whorls with a narrow shoulder defined by a carina, covered
by revolving striz; lip externally thickened, strongly and
numerously dentate within; epidermis yellowish, stained with
light chestnut. Length, 1:5 inches. Habitat unknown.

Described many years ago from a single specimen and yet
remaining unique. The carina indicates abnormal growth. The
specific name is preoccupied by Duclos for a species which he
figured without description and which has not been subsequently
identified.

STROMBINA. 187

C. REcURVA, Sowerby. PI. 60, figs. 3,4; Pl. 61, fig. 7.
Shell yellowish white, more or less stained with chestnut.

Length, 1-1-1°5 inches.
W. Coast of Central America.

With this I unite C. lanceolata, Sowb. (fig. 4), and C. fusi-
formis, Hinds (fig. 7), the distinctive characters of those species
being included in the range of variation exhibited by a large
series of C. recurva.

C. TERQUEMI, Jousseaume. PI. 61, fig. 8.

Shell yellowish brown; whorls eight, the first four rather
smooth, the others longitudinally costate and spirally striate,
the last gibbous above, the cost disappearing below the
shoulder on which they form tubercles; lip thickened externally,
bituberculate within. Length, 19 mill. Habitat unknown.

Described from a single specimen in Dr. Jousseaume’s col-
lection.

C. pumitto, Reeve. PI. 60, fig. 6.

Shell fusiform, thick, rather gibbous, spire turreted, whorls
rudely angled and noduled, nodules on the last whorl swollen,
irregular ; whitish, faintly tinged with orange-brown; aperture
narrow, lip thickly varicose, obtusely denticulated within.

Length, °75 inch. Cumana, Venezuela (Dyson).

Very closely allied to C. recurva, but of shorter growth, more
humped, and more irregularly noduled; and from its habitat
there is also reason to believe it distinct. The figure represents
a reversed specimen and it is (except that of C. nivea) the only
reversed figure that I have noticed. The above description is
copied from Reeve, the locality is very doubtful. It appears to
be closely related to C. Terquemi, Jouss., described above.

Undetermined Species of Columbella.

C. pigiraLE, Lesson ; C. cLATHRA, Lesson. Sandwich Islands.
C. puLIcARIS, Lesson. Marquesas Islands.
C. APTHZGERA, Lesson. Acapulco.
C. amp, Lesson. Gambier Islands.
C. BuccinorpEs, Lesson. W. Coast of Central America.

(C. NIVEA, CINGULATA, FUSIFORMIS, PURPUROIDES and RETUSA,
Anton. All without locality.

188 ALCIRA, ASSOPUS, ENGINA.
Genus ALCIRA, H. Adams.

The single species of this group is readily distinguished from
other Columbellze by its somewhat expanded, simple lip and
oblique columellar fold.

A. ELEGANS, H. Adams. PI. 61, fig. 9.

Shell elongate, reddish-brown; whorls six, slightly convex,
transversely striated (the striz stronger and more numerous on
the basal portion of the last whorl), variegated with darker
markings, and with some lighter spots next the suture; aperture
equaling the spire in length. Length, 12-15 mill.

Cape of Good Hope.

Genus AESOPUS, Gould.

Shell fusiform, gibbous, widely truncate in front; aperture
lunate, with a posterior callus, columella simple, vitreous ; suture
abnormally arcuate near the aperture. Animal white, emarginate
anteriorly, obtuse posteriorly, bearing a flabelliform corneous
operculum; head small, with short obtuse tentacles; eyes median,
external; siphon broad and very short. ‘The curious curve of
the suture near the posterior angle of the aperture, as if it had
been drawn backward, thereby pulling back this angie and
curving the last whorl downward, is very peculiar. The form
and aspect of the shell, and the structure of the animal, indicate
its place to be intermediate between Mitra and Columbella.

AK. Japonicus, Gould.

Shell small, with seven somewhat tumid whorls, plicate poste-
riorly, covered by revolving striz; last whorl widely truncate,
oval, three-fifths the length of the shell; aperture lunate, the lip
reflected, columella with a wide, vitreous, suberect lamina;
chestnut-colored, lighter around the sutures. L. 7, diam. 2 mill.

Kagosima Bay, Japan; 5fms., sandy bottom (Stimpson).

Onfigured.

Genus ENGINA, Gray.

Shell ovate-conic; spire sharp, with longitudinal nodulous
ribs, decussated by revolving lines or riblets; aperture narrow, ©
with several oblique plications in front; outer lip thickened,
internally toothed, gibbous and grooved posteriorly.

ENGINA. 189

KE. Nopunosa, Pease. PI. 61, fig. 10.

Shell dark chocolate, encircled by a narrow, white central
band; aperture bluish white. Length, 15 mill.

Ebon Tsl., Polynesia.
K. CARBONARIA, Reeve. PI. 61, figs. 11-13.

Shell whitish, crossed by dark chocolate longitudinal tubercular
ribs ; aperture often salmon-colored. Length, 15-18 mill.
Philippines (Cuming); Panama (C. B. Adams);
Galapagos Is. (Wimmer).
E.. forticosta:a, Reeve (tig. 12),and EH. crocostoma, Reeve (fig.
13), are synonyms.

EK. astricta, Reeve. PI. 61, figs. 14, 15.

Shell yellowish white, with low rounded longitudinal ribs, and
close, narrow, dark chestnut revolving riblets. Length, 15 mill.
Andaman Is. (E. A. Smith); Mauritius (von Martens).
E. leucozia, Duclos (fig. 15) appears to be identical. Ricinula
tostoma, Reeve (Man. IT, 188, t. 58, f. 248) is also possibly a
synonym.

K. ALVEOLATA, Kiener. PI. 61, figs. 16-20.

Shell longitudinally ribbed, ribs cut into tubercles by revolving
grooves; yellowish white, with alternate interrupted revolving
bands of chocolate and orange, each usually tipping the tubercles
only, and of the width of two tubercles; aperture yellowish to
dark chocolate. Length, 15-18 mill.

Philippine, Viti, Caroline Is., Australia (Brazier).

The usual coloration of the species, as described above, is
represented by H. lauta, Reeve (fig. 18), the figures of H. alveolata
given by Kiener (figs. 16, 17) being without the orange bands.
Ei. alveolata of Reeve, Carpenter, etc., is a very different species.
Other synonyms are £. histrio, Reeve (fig. 19) and EF. trifasciata,
Reeve (fig. 20)—the latter a scarcely distinguishable variety, in
which the decussation is not so strongly marked as in the
typical form.

K. zepA, Duclos. PI. 61, fig. 21.

Shell yellowish white, the tuberculations of the longitudinal
ribs colored by alternate revolving bands of dark chocolate and

orange. Length, 6 mill.
Habitat unknown.

190 ENGINA.

Figured and named but not described. It is very much smaller
than the last species, but otherwise so greatly resembles it that I
suspect it to be the same. This and the following several species
figured by Duclos have not been identified by any subsequent
conchologist.

E. roposta, Duclos. PI. 61, fig. 22.
Yellowish, with a superior white band, having the width of
three tubercles on the body-whorl, and of one tubercle on those

of the spire. Length, 6:5 mill.
Habitat unknown.

Very like the preceding species in sculpture, but differs in
coloring and in the aperture.

EK. MONILIFERA, Pease. PI. 61, fig. 26.
Shell covered with close, large, rounded longitudinal ribs, cut
into large tubercles by revolving grooves; yellowish brown.

Length, 7 mill.
Sandwich Isles (Pease); Solomon Is. (Brazier).

Very probably — £. zodosia, Duclos. Specimens from the
latter locality are stated by Mr. E. A. Smith to have a median
purplish band, with three spiral rows of tubercles, yellow,
including the first, fifth and seventh rows.

K. TELEA, Duclos. PI. 61, fig. 23.
Gray, with several interrupted dark red revolving lines.

Length, 6 mill.
Habitat unknown.

K. ANAKISIA, Duclos. PI. 61, fig. 24.
Grayish white, with some dark red spots on the tuberculations.
Length, 4°5 mill.
Habitat unknown.
The outer lip is very peculiarly thickened and sculptured—
otherwise the species much resembles £. te’ea. The spire has
lost the apex, by erosion, apparently.

K. EPIDELIA, Duclos. PI. 61, fig. 25.

Gray, with very dark chocolate spots on the rather distant
ribs, forming three interrupted bands. Length, 12 mill.
Habitat unknown.

ENGINA. 191

E. satoripa, Duclos. PI. 61, fig. 27.

Ribs rather distant, prominent, well-rounded ; dark chestnut,
with numerous narrow, nearly black revolving lines.

Length, 5 mill.

KE. numicta, Duclos. Pl. 62, fig. 28.

Yellowish brown, with three chocolate bands. Length, 6 mill.

KE. REEvE!I, Tryon. Pl. 62, fig. 29.

Yellowish white, ribs marked with chocolate, forming inter-
rupted revolving bands. Length, 16 mill.
Panama to Cape St. Lucas, L. Cal., Australia (Brazier).
Figured by Reeve as Ricinula alveolata, Kiener—a very dif-
ferent species. The Australian habitat is given upon the
authority of an excellent conchologist.

EK. BELLA, Reeve. Pl. 62, figs. 30-32.

Spire conically acuminate, base of aperture contracted, elon-
gated and recurved; roseate, with two broad chestnut bands,
within which the tubercles are lighter. Length, 20 mill.

Philippines (Cuming); Polynesia (Pease) ;
Lord Hood’s Isl. (Cuming); Solomon’s Is. (Brazier).

IT include in the synonymy JL. recurva, Reeve (fig. 31), and
HL. fragaria, Wood (fig. 32). I have already described and
figured this species as a Peristernia (vol. iii, 82), but reproduce
it here, as the generic characters are not very strongly marked,
and some good conchologists prefer to consider it an Engina.

Habitat unknown.

HK. putcura, Reeve. Pl. 62, fig. 33.
Shell gibbous, angularly shouldered, strongly ribbed, crossed
by revolving riblets ; violet-brown, with a light central band.
Length, 15-18 mill. Panama, Galapagos Is.
It is H. Reeveana, C. B. Ad. Mr. Pease writes: * “I have
received from Dr. P. P. Carpenter a specimen from the Gala-
pagos Islands, labeled ‘Type of (Sistrwm) ochrostoma,’ and also
one from Cape St. Lucas, described by him as ‘ochrostoma, var.
rufonotata.’ They differ widely from the Polynesian ochro-
stoma, Blainv., belonging to another genus—Engina. The type
agrees with the description of Buccinum pulchrum, Reeve, col-
lected by Cuming at the Galapagos Is.”

* Am. Jour. Conch., iv, 116.

192 ENGINA.

E. RosEA, Reeve. PI. 62, figs. 34, 35.

Rose-color zoned with dark chocolate; aperture rose-color.

Length, 15-21 mill.
West Indies; Philippines (Cuming).

E. Schrammi, Crosse (fig. 35), was described from a small
specimen 9 mill. long. The West Indian habitat is attested
by specimens before me from three different islands; that of the
Philippines needs confirmation. When the shell becomes water-
worn, the pink coloring has changed to white, the dark chocolate
to light chestnut.

E. nuTmnA, Reeve. PI. 62, fig. 36.

Shell grayish pink, with dark chocolate zones.

Length, 21 mill. Habitat unknown.

I suspect that this will prove a synonym of the preceding
species.

E. DEFORMIS, Reeve. PI. 62, fig. 37.
Alternately banded with reddish yellow and brown.
Length, 17 mill. Habitat unknown.
I think this will also prove to be a synonym of £#. rosea.

KE. FARINOSA, Gould. PI. 62, fig. 40.
Distantly longitudinally ribbed, and spirally granularly
striated ; yellowish brown, with indistinct dusky bands.
Length, 15 mill. Sandwich Islands.
Hindsia angicostata, Pease, and Triton elegans, Thompson,
are synonyms. The latter was said to have been discovered
living in Dublin Bay, an obvious error.

KE. TURBINELLA, Kiener. Pl. 62, figs. 38, 39.

Spire conical, with a row of tubercles above the suture, the
latter forming an angle on the last whorl, and below it several
thin raised lines which are sometimes subnodulous; surface
between these lines, and on the spire covered with fine revolving
strie ; dark chocolate, the tubercles, and occasionally the inferior
nodules white; aperture usually chocolate, with the teeth white.

Length, 15 mill.
West Indies.

Engina elegans, Gray, an unfigured species, may almost
certainly be assigned here.

ENGINA. 193

E. conrracta, Reeve. PI. 62, figs. 41, 42.

Shell yellowish brown, interior of aperture white or rosy, teeth
white. Length, 13-18 mill.
Panama and St. Elena, W. Columbia, under stones (Cuming).
I do not find any good distinctive characters in the figure of
E. acuminata, Reeve (fig. 42).

H. Exit, Reeve. PI. 62, fig. 43.

Shell fusiform, spire acuminated, whorls rounded, concentri-
cally finely ribbed, elegantly cancellated with delicate ridges ;
yellowish white, ridges brown in zones between the ribs.

Length, 22 mill.

Manilla, in coarse sand at 6 fathoms (Cuming).

The pertinence of this species to Engina may well be doubted.

E. FrusirorMis, Pease. PI. 62, fig. 44.

Shell white or yellowish, the nodules varying from chestnut
to nearly black, with a central white band, and sometimes others
at the suture and towards the base ; occasionally the tubercles
near the base are irregularly variegated black and white ; lips of
aperture dark-colored. Length, 15-18 mill.

Howland Isl., Viti Isles.

It is a narrower form than /. alveolata, Kiener, but is possibly
only a variety of that species. I have before me specimens with
the nodules chestnut-colored and a central white band which I
suppose to be identical with the unfigured /. albocincta, Pease.
E. osetMonTA, Duclos. Pl. 62, fig. 45.

Shell longitudinally ribbed ; orange-brown, with darker spots
forming revolving series. Length, 7°5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
KE. AuRANTIA, Duclos. PI. 62, fig. 46.
Surface of shell decussated into close, prominent tubercles ;

orange-brown. Length, 9 mill.
Habitat unknown.
KE. arpsosa, Garrett. Pl. 62, fig. 47.

Shell yellowish brown, gibbous in the middle, constricted
below; spire and upper part of body-whorl with distant ribs,
whole surface covered by prominent revolving lire; aperture
yellowish within. Length, 8 mill.

Viti Islands.

I figure this from one of several specimens obligingly furnished
On
wo

194 ENGINA.

by Mr. Garrett. Except in its much smaller size it much
resembles LH. contracta, Reeve.

KE. FUNICULATA, Reeve. Pl. 62, figs. 48, 49.

Shell short, obese, with longitudinal ribs cut into tubercles by
revolving grooves; black, interstices of the ribs yellowish.
Length, 12-15 mill.
Howland Isl.
The principal distinctive character appears to be the short,
obese form. JL. ovata, Pease (fig. 48), is a synonym.

HE. LINEATA, Reeve. PI. 62, figs. 50, 51.

Shell short, ovate, solid, longitudinally nodosely plicated, white,
encircled by several lead-black narrow lines. Length, 11 mill.
Philippines, N. Australia, Viti Isles, etc.
This is possibly the C. nana of Dillw., which Deshayes con-
cedes to be the same as C. zonalis, Lam. The figure in Martini
referred to in the descriptions of these species is not sufficiently
well-done to banish doubt on the subject.
Var. MACULATA, Pease (fig. 51), is scarcely entitled to a varietal
name.

EK. zonaTA, Reeve. PI. 63, fig. 52.

White, with dark chocolate or black bands, sometimes inter-
rupted by the ribs. Length, 13 mill.

Galapagos Is. (Cuming); Vitt and Pawmotus Is. (Garrett);
Solomon’s Is. (Brazier); Aracan (Hanley).
E. conctnna, Reeve. Pl. 63, fig. 54.

Longitudinally flatly ribbed, ribs very finely noduled, white,
conspicuously encircled with brown bands in which the nodules
are white, edge of the lip orange-red. Length, 15 mill.

Cagayan, Isl. of Mindanao, Philippines,
under stones at low water (Cuming).

Much resembles the preceding species, and is, perhaps, only
a slim variety of it.

KE. ARMILLATA, Reeve. Pl. 63, fig. 59.

With a nodulous keel on the upper part of the whorls,
nodosely ribbed beneath, interstices smooth ; whitish, the nodules
alternately white and black in zones, nodules of the keel

yellowish,
Isl. of Ticao, Philippines.

ENGINA. 195

The ground of coloring, according to Reeve’s figure, is dark,
with a single white band. The figure is evidently magnified, but
no dimensions are indicated. I think it will prove synonymous
with #. concinna, Reeve.

KE. PARVA, Pease. Pl. 63, fig. 55.

White, encircled by chocolate or black lines upon alternate
rows of nodules and sometimes interrupted by the interstices ;
nodules frequently prominently sharp-pointed. Length, 6 mill.

Paumotus Is.
H. NopicosTaTa, Pease. PI. 63, figs. 56, 57.

Two of the revolving series of tubercles are more prominent
than the others at the crossings of the longitudinal ribs, so that
the body-whorl appears somewhat biangulated; chestnut to
chocolate-color in the interstices, the nodules white.

Length, 6°5—9 mill.

Paumotus Is. (Pease); Viti Is. (Garrett).

Lf. variabilis, Pease (fig. 57), is certainly a synonym,and I am
almost persuaded of the identity of the form described by Pease
from a single specimen as LH. striata.

H. stRIATA, Pease. PI. 63, fig. 58.

Shell somewhat angular in the. middle, obsoletely longitudi-
nally ribbed, encircled by two prominent nodose ribs, somewhat
compressed, the whole surface deeply and regularly striate
transversely, forming close-set ribs; columella straight ; white,
left side of the longitudinal ribs striped interruptedly with dark
brown, aperture light purple. Length, 8 mill.

Paumotus.
KE. TUBERCULOSA, Pease. PI. 63, fig. 60.

Obsoletely longitudinally ribbed, decussated into tubercles by
strong revolving grooves ; black, with a median white band.
Length, 7-9 mill.
Baker Island.
The figure is from one of several specimens received from Mr.
Pease.

Ki. pyrostoma, Sowb. . Panama and Galapagos Is.
E. MaurA, Sowb. Panama and Galapagos.
KE. tivipa, Sowb. Panama.

The above were described, but not figured, fifty years ago, and
have escaped subsequent monographers; they are unknown to me.

196 PUSIOSTOMA, COLUMBELLINA.

E. ZONATA, Gray. | Atlantic Ocean.

This is also a lost species.

EK. XANTHOLEUCA, E. A. Smith. PI. 68, fig. 61.

I figure this Mauritius species, referred by its author to
Engina ; my conviction is that it is a Coralliophila, and possibly
identical with C. coronata, Barclay (vol. ii, 210 t. 66, figs. 373,
372).

KE. cosrata, Pease. (Unfigured.) Sandwich Islands.
? EK. (Buccinum) pHata@na, Lesson. (Unfigured.) Acapulco.
KE. ALTERNATA, Garrett. (Unfigured.) Samoa and Viti Is.

HK. BELLA, Garrett. (Name preoccupied by Reeve. Unfigured.)
Samoa and Viti Is.

Subgenus Pusiostoma, Swainson.

Shell ovate; inner lip convex between the granular teeth; outer
lip internally greatly thickened and toothed in the middle.

K. MenpicariA, Linn. PI. 63, figs. 62, 73.

Shell usually alternately banded with black and yellowish
brown or white; aperture dark chocolate ; a variety has a single
central yellowish band. Length, 18 mill.

Hast Indies, Philippines, Australia, Polynesia.

Genus COLUMBELLINA, d’Orb.

This group was founded on a fossil species, with which the
following recent forms appear to agree in their characters.

C. HARpiFoRMIS, Sowb. PI. 63, fig: 63.

Yellowish white, openly irregularly reticulated with chestnut,
sometimes irregularly marked with chestnut, with a median light
band; epidermis thin, rather smooth, translucent, yellowish
brown, continued over on the face of the greatly thickened outer
lip. Length, 15 mill.

Panama.
C. uNcINATA, Sowerby. Pl. 638, fig. 64.

Shell fulvous olive, freckled with pale dots, encircled round
the upper part with white spots interrupted with red-brown
lines; aperture violaceous. Length, 11 mill.

W. Coast Central America to Acapulco.

The markings, as minutely described above by Reeve, are

AMPHISSA. 19%

obscured by the epidermis. This is possibly a not fully grown
variety of C. Harpiformis.

C. ciTHARA, Reeve. Pl. 63, fig. 65.

‘Shell somewhat squarely ovate, rather solid, whitish, reticu-
lated with chestnut, blackish and white-blotched next the sutures,
spire rather short, whorls plicately ridged around the upper part,
spirally grooved below ; aperture narrow, lip angularly produced
and notched at the upper part, finely denticulated within.

Length, 11 mill.
Habitat unknown.

AMPHISSA, Il. and A. Adams.

Shell bucciniform, longitudinally ribbed; spire elevated ; aper-
ture rather wide, enlarging below, and terminating in a wide
anterior sinus; inner lip callous, plicate below; outer lip not
thickened on the margin, plicate within. Operculum resembling
that of Bueccinum with the addition of a straight spur of callus
extended towards the centre. Dentition columbelloid.

A. corruGATA, Reeve. PI. 63, fig. 66.

Shell yellowish brown, sometimes obscurely spotted and

variegated, white within the aperture. Length, | inch.
Monterey, Cal., to Sitka.
A. verRsicotor, Dall. Pl. 63, fig. 67.

Shell much smaller than A. corrugata, with about half the
number of longitudinal ribs and revolving striw, namely: from
14 to 17; colors very variable, pink, salmon, livid bluish purple,
brownsand pure white, all plain or variously marked with a net-
work of white and brown lines, patches, dots, etc.

Length, 12 mill.
Monterey to San Francisco, Cal.
Mr. R. E. C. Stearns has described a var. lineata.

ADDENDA.
MARGINELLID®.

Mr. R. E. C. Stearns gives me the following additional
localities :
Erato MauGceri#, Gray. Egmont Key, Tampa Bay, W. Coast
of Florida.

198 ADDENDA.

KE. coLUMBELLA, Menke, occurs on the California Coast northward
to Monterey.

BE. vitennina, Hinds, has been found northward to within 50
miles south of San Francisco Bay.

MARGINELLA SUBTRIGONA, Carp., extends northward to Monterey,
Cal.

MARGINELLA L@BBECKEANA, Weink., is a larger individual of
Cryptospira glauca, Jouss.

M. mepiocincTA, Smith. Volvarina Bouvieri,Jouss., is a synonym.

M. (GRANULA) SPIRIPLANA, Jousseaume, 1882.

Shell small, conical, thin, smooth, shining white ; whorls three,
plane above; aperture elongate, columella scarcely thickened,
five-plicate, lip thickened. LL. 1°7 mill., diam. 1°4 mill.

Found in the mass of filaments surrounding the base of
Huplectella.

Related to Granula Angasi.

M. oBLONGA (p. 32). Figured in error, t. 9, f 77, for M. olivella.

OLIVIDA.

OLIVELLA AUSTRALIS, 'Tenison-Woods (p. 72).

Shell turreted, fusiform, spire produced and equalling the
aperture ; smooth, shining, white, reticulated with fulvous brown,
and zoned with three white bands; suture scarcely impressed ;
aperture narrow, anteriorly dilated ; outer lip thin, acute, colu-

mella simple.
Tasmania.

COLUMBELLID%.

C. MILLEPUNCTATA, Carp. (p. 115), is figured PI. 63, fig. 68.

C. ALABASTRUM, Reeve (p. 146). Add reference, Pl. 52, fig. 87.

C. surrusa, Sowb. (p. 155). Add reference, Pl. 55, fig. 50.

C. niaricostaTA, HE. A. Smith (p. 155). The figure referred to
does not represent this species, but C. suffusa.

C. rosacea, Gould. PI. 56, fig. 78, represents this species, but
fig. 79 is C. costulata, Cantraine.

PN en

To GENERA AND SPECIES, INCLUDING SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Abbreviata (Marginella), C. B. Ad. Contrib. Conch., 56, 1850.

2? — M. lactea, Kiener.
Abyssicola (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn., Soc. N.S.W., i, p. 2382, 1877. 141
Achatina (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 182, t. 39, f. 126...... 120
Achatina (Ancillaria), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 19, t. 3, f. 4.

— A. cinnamomea, Lam.

Acicula (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. x, f. 46, a. b.............. 118
Acleonta (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 11, f 3 and 4................. 174
Acuminata (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 4, f. 66, 67...........ce000 93
Acuminata (Riciuula), Rve. Icon. f.52,1846 -— Engina contracta, Rve.

Acuminata (Columbella), Menke (non Nuttall). Moll. Nov. Holl., No.

87, p. 20. —C. Menkeana, Reeve.
Acuminata (Columbella), Nuttall. Jay’s Cat. Shells, 3d edit., p 89.

— C. rustica, Linn.
Acuminata (Oliva), Ducl, pars. Monogr., t. 12, f. 3, —O.nebulosa, Lam.
NGIminatan (Oliva), Lame Anns du Nuss xvi} Po 20...s0ccvseccsessesecees 88
Acus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 31, f. 201, 1859.

— C. Cumingii, Reeve, var.

Acuta (Anachis), Stearns. Proc. A N.S., Phila., 1878, p. 345............... 158
Acutecostatum (Buccinum), Phil. (1844). — Columbella costulata, Cant.
Adamsi (Columbella), Tryon...............000+ aes sds clante ehinieiese Seem aceeee neeeaee marae 156
Adansoni (Pseudomarginella), Maltzan. Nachrichtsbl. Deutsch. Mal.
Gesell., xii, 109, 1880. — M. glabella, Linn.
Adansoni (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 5, t. 7, f. 27, 1885............ 20
Adansoni (Columbella), Menke. Zeit., 1853, p. 74. ? —C. rustica, Linn.
eee MOO MUD ES] 12: )g) RY ONtsaa sends sce scasec\aveweavactad sesso uacdsaavegeonecscesee 155

Adiostina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 11, f. 9, 10.
— C. blanda, Sowb.
sopus, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vii, 383, 1860........... 102, 188
Affinis (Marginella), Reeve. Icon... f. 136, 1865. — M. lactea, Kiener.
Affinis (Columbella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer. Moll., p. 205.
— C. mercatoria, Linn.
Affinis (Oliva?), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 21, f. 352, 1871.
— O. columellaris, Sowb.

Affinis (Marginella), Beck. — M. oryza. Lam.
Agaron (Oliva), Adanson. — O. hiatula, Gmelin.
Agaronia, Gray. Beechey’s Voy. Blossom, 132, 1839.
aoe MOG OMNV A (OIG anacstpiaiiotar sees Stee isealssces'gateo vaseusenseinacye@eakoaes 60

Alabaster (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 107, 1865.
? — M. fauna, Sowb.
Alabastrum (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 36, f. 232...... 146, 198
Ala-perdicis (Columbella), Reeve Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 24, f. 145, 1859.
= C. levigata, Linn.
Alba (Marginella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., 56, 1850,
= M. catenata, Mont.

200 INDEX.

PAGE.
Alba (Oliva), Lam. No. 42; E.M., t. 361, f.5; Gray, Zool. Proc., 44,
1858. — O. reticularis, Lam,
Alba (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 22, f. 390. — O. floralia, Ducl.
Alba (Columbella), Petterd. Quar. Jour. Conch., vol. ii, p. 104 (1879)... 137
Albanyana (Marginella), Gaskoin. Ann. Nat. Hist., 2 ser., xi, 358, 1853. 56
Albertisii (Columbella), Tap. Can. Ann. Mus. Civico. S. nat. Genoa,
TOI 30.65 9 Dg Pe) ANSI Tiaspoosanonacosce Sacoeedcoqsoadan yccesequd seceadconsoadosccas sorscen Od.
Albescens (Marginella), Hutton. Jour. de Conch., 22, 1878.............2...- 55
Albida (Marginella), ‘ate. Proc. Philos. Soc. Adelaide, 87, 1878.......... 55
Albifasciata (Ancillaria), Swainson. Jour. 8. C., p. 278.
— A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Albilabris (Marginella), Conrad. Proc. Phil. Acad.‘N. §., iii, 26.
? — Melampus.
Albina (Marginella), Gaskoin. Ann. Nat. Hist., 2d ser., xi, 358, t. 12,
f. 7, 8, 1853. = M. turbinata, Sowb.
Albina (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 34, pl. 13, f. 4...............2006 121
Albinodulosa (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 3.
= C€. Azora, Duclos.
Albisulcata (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Conch. Spec., f. 14-19.
— A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Albo-callosa (Ancillaria), Lischke. Mal. BI., xxi, p. 21.
— A. rubiginosa, Swains.
Albocincta (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846. — M. rosea, Lam.
Albocineta (Engina), Pease. Proc. Zoo. Soc., 1860, p. 142.
? — E. fusiformis, Pease.
Albolineata (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 99, t. 20, f. 27—29........... 55
Albolineata (Marginella),Jousseaume. Monog. (ex parte).
— M. gracilis, C. B. Adams.
Albomaculata (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1867, p. 111, t. 13,
f.5. =—C. Tayloriana, Reeve.

Albonodosa (Columbella), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 512, 1857.......... Paocpaal Lit)
Albuginosa (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 35, f. 225, 1859...... 141
Alcina, He-Adams? “Zool Proc 4500 USG0 i.e ccscwsccccesseccsececeeceeteet 1038, 188

Aldinia (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch, t. 26, f. 6, 7.
— O. fusiformis, Lam.

Alectona (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 4, bis., f. 15, 16, 1855.
2? = O. beetica, Carp.

Alia, H.and A. Adams, Genera of Rec. Moll., i, 183, 18538............ LOZ 16
Allporti (Marginella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 28, 1875.... 56
Alternata (Columbella), Gould. Otia, p. 151, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860....... 172
Alternata (Engina), Garrett. Pro. Cal. Ac. Sc., iv, p. 203, 1873............ 196
Alveolata (Purpura), Kiener. 42, +t. 9, f. 23. = Mngina...........0 0c... 189

Alveolata (Engina), Kiener. Reeve (Ricinula), Conch. Ic., pl. 4, sp. 23,
1846. = E. Reevei, Tryon.
Amabilis (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lyce., v, 225, 1852.
— M. oblonga, Swains.
Amalda, H.and A. Ad. Gen. of Recent Moll., i, 148, 1853. — Ancillaria.
Ambigua (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 11, pl. 2, f. 3.
— C. rustica, Linn.

Amoretta (Harpa), Bolten, Mirch. — H. minor, Lam.

Amphisella (Columbella), Dall. Bul. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 91, 1881... 163
Amphissa, H. and A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 111, 1853........... 108, 197
Ampla (Ancillaria), Gmelin. Linn. Sys. Nat. ed., xiii, p. 3467.............. 94

Ampla (Columbella), Lesson. Rev. Zoo. Cuv. Soc., 1842, p, 185............ 187
Amycla, H. and A. Adams’ Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 186, 1853.
— Nassa, in part, and Mitrella, Risso.

INDEX. 201

PAGE.
Amygdala (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv, 36, t. 11, f. 1, 1840?

— M. marginata, Born.
Anachis, H. and A. Ads. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 184, 1853.............+06 102, 152
Anacteola (Columbella), Ducl. Monogr., pl. 5, f. (0) sae qaceoogndccdcon Bod 108
Anaidea (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, Il]. Conch., t. DG feo Art tents site sete 174
Anakisia (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 26, f. 17, 18......... 190
Anaulax, Roissy. Moll., v, 430, 1805. — Ancillaria, Lam.
Anazola, Gray. Zool. Proc., 40, 1858. — Olivancillaria, d’Orb.
Anazora (Oliva), Ducl. Monogr., t. 5, f. 4, 5, 1835........0.sssseeseeeeeeeens 69
Ancilla, Lamarck, Prodr. 1799, Syst. An., 1801. = Ancillaria.
Ancillaria, Lamarck. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 305, 1811..............0.-0c00- Gly See
Ancillarioides (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 21, f 55, 1350.

= O. hiatula, Gmelin.
Ancillopsis, Conr. An. Jour. Conch., i, 22,1865. — Ancillaria, Lam.
Angasi (Marginella), Brazier. Jour. de Conch., 304, 1870; 324, 1871... 45
Angasi (Columbella), Brazier. Proc. Zoo. Soc., 1871, p. 822... ....:eeeeeees 128
Angelia (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 14, f. 19, 20............ 134
Angicostata (Hindsia), Pease. Zool. Proc., 142, 1860; Am. Jour. Conch.,

iv, 109, 1868. — Engina farinosa, Gould.
Angistoma (Erato), Sowb. Conch, Hlust., 51, 1841 .......:0.seceseeeeee cee ees 10
Angularis (Columbella), Sowb. Proc. Zoo. Soc., 1882, p. 118.......0+..+++ 186
Angulata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 310..........0.-seeeee cee ees eee 82
Angulifera (Erato), Sowb. Reeve, Icon,, f. 6, 1865............s:sesereeeeeeees 10
Angustata (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 68, t. 1, f. 15..-......sseseees 95

Angustata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 10, t. 18, f. 182, 183, 1870.

= O. mustellina, Lam.
Angustata (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 399, t. 77, f. 169, 170, 1846. 35
Angystoma (Marginella), Gaskoin MSS. — M. triplicata, Gaskoin.
Aniomina (Oliva), Ducl. Monogr., pl. 8, f. 1, 2......:ssesessseeeeeeeeeeeeneeees 86
Anitis (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, [1]. Conch., t. 16, f. iy ING},

— C. pardalis, Lam.
Anna (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., France, vi, 186, 1881. 56
Annotata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 19, f. 313-815.

—= young of O. acuminata, Lam.

Annulata (Oliva), Gmel. = O. guttata, Lam.
Annulata (Marginella), Reeve. Icon., f. 119, 1865.............seeesee eee eeeeee 3

Annulata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, pl. xix, f. 101, 1858... 126
Anolacia, Gray. Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., 26, 1857.

== Sh Ch GE Aiilleyairy, iit ce-nsqnccsoabbateacoudcosdonahonodn AdcoHogsece0acod 61, 96
Anolax, Borson. Orittogr. Piem., 25, 1824? — Anaulax, Roissy.
Antillarum (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 50, f. 196, 1859.

— C. catenata, Sowb.
Antiqua (Harpa), Chemnitz, f. 1451. — H. conoidalis, Lam.
Aperta (Ancillaria), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 32.

— QO. Mauritiana, Sowb. :
Apicina (Marginella), Menke. Syn. Meth. Moll., 87, 1828.......sessesssees 33
Apthegera (Columbella), Lesson. Rev. Zoo. Cuv, Soc., 1842, p. 185... 187
Aquegutta (Marginella), Jousseaume. Guerin’s Mag., 247, 1875.

= M. debilis, Pease.
Aquatilis (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. le., t. 18, f. 30.

— O. Auricularia, Lam.
Araneosa (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 49, pl. 9, f. 4.

— C. versicolor, Sowb.
Araneosa (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. d14......-02:scseeeeeseeseeeeees 81
Araneosa (Columbella), Gould, Otia, p. 132; Bost. Proc., vii, 1860........ 127
Arata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 29, f. 185, 1859........0040... 148

26

202 INDEX.

PAGE.
Arctata (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 15, f. 229, 230, 1871.
— O. mustellina, Lam.
Arctata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 15, f. 229, 230, 1871.
— QO. mustellina, Lam.
Arenaria (Marginella), Mirch. Yoldi Cat., 119, 1852.
-—= M. bifasciata, Lam.
Argus (Columbella), d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, p. 158, t. 21, f. 34-36.
— (©. cribraria, Lam.
Armillata (Engina), Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 47, W846. Breech ke eeseeneee tae HOE!
Articularis (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat, tom., x, p. 132
— H. conoidalis, Lam.

Articulata (Columbella), Souv. Jour. de Conch., 3d ser., iv, p. 271........ 145
Asellina (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 80, t. 7, f. 6........sseceeeeeee ., 42

Asopis (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch, t. 14, f. 17, 18........... 142
Aspersa (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 123, t. 37, f. 79, 80.

— C. versicolor, Sowb.
Asphari (Marginella), Theob. Cat. Shells, Mus. As. Soc. Beng., 30,1860. 55
Astricta (Ricinula) Reeve. Icon., f. 30, 1846. — Engina........... --..-. 189
Astyris, H.and A. Ad. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 187, 1863. — Mitrella, Risso.
Atalina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 10, f.9,10. =O. episcopalis, Lam.
Athadona (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl.i, f. 11, 12.

— ©. versicolor, Sowb.
Athenia (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 26, f. 17, 18, 1835.

— (), sidelia, Duclos.
Atilia, H. and A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 184, 1853................0+ 102, 142
Atkinsoni (Mangelia), Tenison-Woods. Roy. Soc. Tas., 141, 1875.

— Columbella speciosa, Angas.
Atomella (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 108, 1858.

— (. atrata, Gould.
Atomella (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr,, pl. 11, f. 5, 6........ ceiredsiomeeeteet 166
Attenuata (Marginella), Reeve. Icon., f 116, 1865.
Attenuata (Marginella), Weinkauff. Kiister, t. 24, f. 5, 6.

= |M, translucida, SOWD.ssc.cccestececsssvccceesccocvacs og sesentcvascsw teasers 23
Attenuata (? Oliva), Reeve. Conch, Icon., t. 29, f. 90, a—b, 1850.

— 0. columellaris, Sowerby.
Attenuata (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1871, p. 14, t. 1, f. 4..... 151

Atramentaria (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 51........... 168
Atrata (Columbella), Gould. Otia, p. 131; Bost. Proc., vii, 1860........... 169
Aurantia (Marginella), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert., vii 348, 1822........ 18
Aurantia (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 7, f. 16, 17....... ......0..006 193

Aurantiaca (Marginella), Defrance. Dict. Sc. Nat., xxix, 145, 1823.

—M. aurantia, Lam.
Aurantiaca (Columbella), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 115, 1872..... ..... 135
Aureocincta (Marginella), Stearns. Bost. Proc., xv, 22, 1872.............++ 24
Aureocincta (Oliva), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 470, 1857.

— O. petiolita, Ducl., var.
Aureola (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 6, f. 17, 18.

— ©. rustica, Linn,
Auricularia (Oliva), d’?Orb. Voy. Am. mer., p. 421, t. 59, f. 20-22.

— O. Orbignyi, Marrat.

Auricularia (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 523........ nbacoosssconacose 90
Auriculata (Morginella), Menard. — Ringicula.

Aurora (Oliva), Solander, MSS. — QO. carneola, Gmelin.

Australis (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch., p. 9, t. 44-46, jun......... 94

Australis (Olivella), Tenison-Woods. Trans. Roy. Soc. Vic., xiv, 56,
AUS TRivcescaccesccesees ce ceem ca cmebaks «tote <cnlesactose eaeen secs sence omen aeekntets 72, 198

INDEX. 203

PAGE
Australis (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc. 1851, p. 5.....cseeeeeseeeee 126
Australis (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 75, 1844...........:ssceeessseneee 27
Australis (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 8, f. 3, 4, 1835...............--.sese00 85
Austrina (Columbella), Gaskoin, Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 9.......eeeseeeeeee 126
Avara (Columbella), Say. Jour. Acad. N. Sc., Phila., ii, p. 239, 1822..... 159
Avara (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, IIl. Conch., tio dh at dhe MbaacSaanagcnsoon06 183
Avellana (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 560, 1822.

— M. persicula, Linn.
Avellana (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p, 320.........scsceecsscsereeesees i7
Avena (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i. 891, t, 76, f. 180, 1846.

== WL am by nyorimeremnins LGC HTGl IG iconacoasorGocaccacspancsecopboonb Looccdcon da. undadoser 50
Avena (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 25, f. 158, 1859.............. 127

Avena (Marginella), Valenc. Kiener, Coq. Viv., 17, t. 6, f. 24, 1834.
Avenacea (Marginella), Desh. Lamarck, 2d edit., x, 455, 1844.

— M. avena, Valence.
Avenella (Marginella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 75, 1881.

— M. avena, Val. var...... Goa isiee ca suced seasse sonata cows ccbewe ti asety cere ceclsaeeies 50
Azemula (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 14, f. 2, 1835.

— QO. erythrostoma, Lam.
Azona (Marginella), Menke. Zeit. Mal., 37, 1849. —=M. cornea, Lam.
Azora (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t. 12, f. 8, 4............ 136
Azorica (Columbella), Drouet. Moll. Mar. Acores, p. 34.

= C. rustica, Linn.

Bap pis (Colmmibelilay) | ir yOMeadeccecnvesecsisessocse=sosicvscccecsssasscrosnsseanres So0dp0C 135
Baccata (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 9 Rebates Geelasieewe's se LA
Baculus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 25, f. 157, 1859.

Baculus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 157, 18% 59... Uooacueaaete reco . 148

Badia (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 151.

— C. pulla, Gaskoin.
Baetica (Oliva), Carpenter. Brit. Assoc. Report, 661, 1865...............0+ 71
Balanetta, Jousseaume. Monogr. Margin. Guerin’s Mag., 1875.

—= Marginella, Lam,
Balteata (Voluta), Solander MSS. — Oliva guttata, Lam., subangular var.
Balteata (Columbella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Ben., 1875, xliv, p. 96, pl.

8, f.4. —C. Nevilli, Tryon.

Balteata (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 130; Bost. Proc., vii, 1860........... 5 WTR
Balteata (Ancillaria), Swains. Jour. Sc., xviii, p. 284..........ssscecoerseeee Oni

Barbadensis (Columbella), Petiver. D’Orb. Moll., Cuba, ii, 108

= C. rustica, Linn.
Barthelemyi (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain, Rev. Crit., p. 78, t. 3, fig.

58, a, b. =O. acuminata, Marr.
Baylei (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monee, a Uc toh tts Oh, INST accascqooca, tH
Bazini (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 61, ,f.3 Blenonosognndc snecamoonoobosonaK 54
Belcheri (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Pas 73, ISH scoceebany oSgomosocodncocec 22
Belizana (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 22, f. 9, 10.

— C. nycteis, Duclos.

Bella (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 27, f. 172, 1859.............. 121
Bella (Engina), Reeve (Rincinula). Conch. Ic., sp. 15, 1846................. 191
Bella (Engina), Garrett. Proc. Cal. Ac. Sc., iv, p. ny UBS ree cesaneseese 196

Bellangeri (Marginella), Deshayes. In Lamarck, , 445, 1844.
= M angustata, Sowb.

Bellangeri (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 27, t. 9, f. 41, 1884,
= M. bullata, Born.

Bellii (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 575, t. 74, f. 28, 29, 1846,
? —M. Adansoni, Kiener.

204 INDEX.

PAGE.
Benguelensis (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 82, t. 8, f. 8.

— M. exilis, Gmel.
Bensoni (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 158, 1865...........cseeseneee 44
Bernardii (Marginella), Largill. Mag. Zool., t. 116, 1845...........sc0ssseee 31

Bewleyi (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 4, fig. 44, 1870.
= UO. reticularis, Lim.
Beyerleana (Marginella), Berrarai. Jour. de Conch., iv, 149, t. 5, f. 15,
HG 85350 — Mesavenay Valencresc cocsenescronectcsonceasnene sete teaeeent Mawaaee 50
Bibalteata (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 99, 1865.
== M-soracilis) C: B: Ad.
Bicanaliculata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 11, f. 7, 8.
— C. bicanalifera, Sowb.

Bicanalifera (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115.............. 183
Bicincta (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat. Ed. Desh., x, 619. — O. inflata, Lam.
Bicincta (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 132, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860... ........ 136

Bicincta (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1871, p. 14, pl. 1, f. 3.

— C. eximia, Reeve.
Bicolor (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 46, pl. 16, f. 4.

== C. rugosa, Sow.
Bidentata (Columbella), Menke. Moll Nov. Holl., No. 108, p. 23, 1848.

= C. versicolor, Sowb.
Bifasciata (Marginella), Sowb. Tankerville Cat., t. 1, f. 4 (not 3), 1825.
— M. Adansoni, Kiener.
Bifasciata (Marginella), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 857, 1822....... 19
Bifasciata (Oliva), Kiister. Weinkauff, Monog., 38. — O. reticularis, Lam.
Bifasciata (Marginella), Sowb. Tankerville Cat., t. 2, f. 3 (not 4), 1825.

== WL, faba, Linn.
Bifasciata (Marginella), in part, Kiister. Conch. Cab., t. 1, f. 11, 1865.

- M. Adansoni, Kiener.

Binaaivin (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 35, f. 226, 1859...... 140
Bilineata (Marginella), Krauss. Sudafr. Moll., 126, t. 6, f. 22, 1848.

— M. zonata, Kiener.
Bimaculata (Erato), Tate, Proc. Philos. Soc. Adelaide, 88, 1878../.......- 12
Biplicata (Oliva), Sowerby. Tank. Cat. App, t. 38...-.........csccssesuneee 87
Bivaricosa (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 358, 1822.

== M. marginata, Born.
Bizonata (Marginella), Weinkauff. Kiister, 142,°1878.

— M. secalina, Phil. var.
Blanda (Marginella), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 46, t. 15, f. 14, 15, 18E 35
Blanda (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 137.....sceesceeceeBenees . 121
Blanda (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 15, f. 236, 237, 1871.

=——()) Sete Lam., var.
Bobi (Marginella), Blainy. Malacol,t. 30, f.6, 1827. — M. cingulata, Dillw.

Boivini (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., pl. 11, f. 5..........2-.seeeeeeeeeenes 112
Borbonica (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 13. — M. pumila, Redf.
Bourjotiana (Columbella), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 2d ser., iii, p. 383,

Pl Mari £165 SAS ee saree concen ines cessshascwscisispbonnecnoessceseneacasgeeeneeenm 185

Bouvieri (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, 268, t. 5, f. 5-7,
1877. = M. mediocincta, Smith.
Brasiliana (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p.322........0+..-seeeeeeeeceeeee 90
Brasiliensis (Oliva), Chemn. Conch. Cab., Xe PSO tla figs. 1367,
1568. — O. Brasiliana, Lam.
Brazieri (Oliva), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., Lon., 1877, p. 172, t. 26, f. 6.
— O. exquisita, Angas.
Bridgesii (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. ix, f. 40, a, b, 1858.
C. Strombiformis, Lam.

INDEX. 205

PAGE

Brisei (Columbella), Brus. — C. scripta, Linn.
Brocchii (Volvaria), Scacchi, Cat 10. — Marginella clandestina, Brocchi.
Broderipi (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Revue crit., p. 62, t. 2,

TEAC RE EL eccccseetrnsce cleie, Oy ese tec a eceeet ete eetemse ans Gok caer eanesbereesdebeeesetaes 86
Broderipii (Columbella), Sowerby. ey Zion S0C.)) L844, ys Odsed-eecrvese 114
Brookei (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. xa, yolks 27, fe 169, INSIDS pcooneeeon 125
Brunnea (Ancillaria), Schumacher. ve Syst., p. 244.

— A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Brunnea (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 4, f. 54, 55; t. 6, f. 75, 1870.

— 0. reticularis, Lam.
Buccinoides (Columbella), Les. Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 184..........cscenseeeee 187
Buccinoides (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114...........4.. 127
Buchholzi (Columbella), Martens. Mittheilungen, ii, p. 118, 1881......... 164
Bulbitormis (Oliva), Ducl. Monogr., t. 27, f. 10-13.......<s..0sc0v-c-csase +00 77

Bulbosa (Oliva), Martini et Bolten. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 18, f. 184—
192. =O. inflata, Lam.
Bulbosa (Marginata), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 144, 1865..............000000 46
Bullzea (Marginella), Cuvier. Regne Anim., 144, t. 52, f. 2, 2a, 1840?
= M. angustata, Sowb.
Baltata,(Marginella), Born. Mus. Caes.; 218, 1776.......-...scecsecesssessers 5) BD)
Builata (Marginella), in part. Lam. Ann. sans Vert., vii, 360, 1822
= M. angustata, Sowb.
Bullata, Jousseaume. Monog. Marg. Guerin’s Mag., 1875.
= Marginella, Lam.
Bullata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 24, f. 448, 1871.
— O. fusiformis, Lam.

Bullata (Marginella), Reichenbach. Conch., 62, t. 87, f. 530, 531, 1842.

—=M elegans. Gmel.
Ballioides (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Icon., aA TY Olig Bis Loy ANGE ace. SYS)
Bullula (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 13 MENS OD ccstaecsceneecsees 64
Bullula (Oliva). Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 380, f. $6, a, os

= QO. tehuelchana. d’Orb.
Burchardi (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 3, 1864.

— M. elegans, Gmel.
Burchardi, (Marginella), Dunker. Zeit Mal., 61, 1852.

— M. prunum, Gmel.
Burchardti (Columbella), Dunker. Mal. Blatt, xxiv, 67, 1877............086 129

Cabrit’i (Harpa), Fischer. Jour. Conch., viii, t. 4, f. 1 and 2.
= H.-striata, Lam.
Crlata (Marginell1), Monterozato. Jour. de Conch., xxv, t. 2, f. 3.
= M. miliaria, Linn.
Cxrulea (Oliva) (Bolton), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 4, f. 48-50.
= O. episcopalis, Lam.
( erulea (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., Oliva, vol. vi, f. 70, 1850.
— 0. cyanea, Reeve.
Cerulea (Voluta) (Mawe). Wood. Ind. Test. Suppl., t. 1, f. 36.
— Oliva volutella, Lam.
Be eulescens (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert , vii, 856, 1822.
— M. prunum, Gmel.
Caffra (Ancillaria), Forskal. Sowb., Thes. Conch.
— A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Calameli (Marginella), Jousseaume. Guerin’s Mag., 202, t. 18, f. 3,
1871-2. — M. secalina, Phil.
Calculus (Marginella), Redfield. Am. Jour. Conch., vi, 1870........s0sce008 o7

206 INDEX.

PAGE.

Caldania (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr. t. 6, f. 3, 4, 1835.
— O. Australis, Duclos.
Caledonica (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, 267, t. 5, f. 8-10,
USTs. sada dics siussdceames ane soeesas sate seas nein Mebecseseeee ce seamen coe se ace eenetinate ass
Californiana (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 12.
— C. carinata, Hinds.
Californica ((olumbella), Reeve Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 26, f. 165, 1859.
— C. Terpsichore, Sowb.
Callianax, H. and A. Adams. Genera of Recent Moll , i, 146, 1853.

Sto (Gia it ON /CW NI: HAGranqsondsosneacaGacoeAnse poascooReceacdbecucncacsce- 60, 8&7
Callosa (Oliva), Anton. Verzeichniss, 102. Not identified.
Callosa (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 187, 1876............ 56

Callosa (Erato), Adamsand Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 25, t. 10, f. 32,1850. 9
Callosiuscula (Columbella), Tap. Can. Ann. Mus. Civico, 8S. Nat. Genoa,

PK De e28O: WSC caas «coaceie)atncoisee eas cleicesieicnais snehleom cuiecle s sajles easel enone a mememeetae 184
Calosoma (Oliva), Marrat (not Duclos). Thes. Concne f. 214, 2b Sale

— QO. Lecoquiana, Ducros.
Calosoma (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., xvi, f. 1, 2, 1835............00. Sa cdeawen 76
Cana (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 15, t. 11, f, 152, 1870.

— QO. mustellina, Lam.
Canaliculata (Columbella), Menke. Mal. Blatt., xvili, 126.

— C. splendidula, Sow.
Canalifera (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 4, f. 9, 10, fossil.
Canalispira, Jous. Monog. Marginella, 107, 1876.) = Marginella, Lam.
Cancellata (Voluta), Schreibers. Conchyl., 118, 1793.

— Marginella elegans, Gmel.
Cancellata (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 6.

= C. obesa, C. B; Ad.
Cancellata (Harpa), Chem. Sowerby, f. 26, Chem., t. 152, f. 1453.

= H. striata, Lam.
Cancellatum (Harpa), young. Wood, Ind. Test., t. 22, f. 50.

— fH. striata, Lam.
Candida (Ancillaria), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 804. — A. ampla, Gml.
Candida (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 382, t. 75, f. 86, 87, 1846.

— M. Margarita, Kiener.
Candida (Oliva), Lam. Enc. Méth., pl. 360, f. 4. — 0. ispidula, Linn.
Canella (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., Guerin’s Mag., 202, 1875

— M. oblonga, Swains.
Cantharus (Marginella), Reeve. Icon., f. 110, 1865......... cssseeeeeceeseeees 34
Capensis (Cystiscus), Stimpson. Am. Jour. C onch., i, 55, t. 8, f. 2, 1865.

— Marginella cystiscus, Redf.
Capensis ( Marginella), Dunker. Krauss, Siidaf. Moll., 125, t. 6, f. 21,1848. 934
Capensis (Oliva), Sowb. Thes. Conch., p. 41, t. 25, f. 469.

? O. Anazora, Duclos.
Carbonaria (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., f. 22, 1846. = Engina............... 183
Caribea (Marginella), @Orb. Moll. Cuba., ii, 97, t. 20, f. 24-26.

— M. apicina, Menke.
Carinata (Columbella), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, Moll., p. 39, pl. 10, f. 15,

HG PL BAS sc iclsis owintence siete Seieisteepieains ole o's cictis ce ene Ome S clench cele mpoceaddonoed Gooe0600 116
Carmione, Gray. Zool. Proc., 39, 1858. — Oliva, Brug.
Carnea (Marginella), Storer. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., i, 465, t.9, f.5,4,1857. 33
Carnea (Marginella), Sowerby (in part). Thes. Conch., i, 598, t. 76,

f. 102, 114 (not 105), 1846. — M. oblonga, Swains.
Carneola, pars (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 22, f. 60, a.
— QO. sidelia, Duclos. ,

Carneola (Oliva), Gmelin. Gmail. Linn., p. 3443, m. 24.......seccocecsseeeesoere 87

val

INDEX. 207

: PAGE.
Carneola (Margineila), Petit. Jour. de Conch., ii, 50, t. 1, f. 14, 1851... 42
Carolin (Columbella), Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, p. 541, pl. 30, f. 9,
1876. —C. sagitta, Gaskoia.
Caroliniana (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 19, f. 5-8, 1835
=O. mnustellina, Lam.
Castanea (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat. .? — Columbella.
Castanea (Columbella), Gould. Pro. Bos. Soc. N. H., iii, p. 170.
— UC. unifasciata, Sowb.
Castanea (Columbella), Suwerby. Pro. Zoo, Soc., 1832. p. 118 ............. 105
Castanea (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch., f. 20-23.
— A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Catenata (Marginella), Reeve (in part). Conch, Icon., f 72 (not a, b),
1865. — M. pu'cherrima, Gaskoin.

Catenata ‘Marginella), Montagu. ‘Test. Brit., 256, t. 6, f. 2, 1803......... 38
Catenata (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844. p. 52.. sepucohads. ALAS)
Cauta (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 25, t. 20, f. 327, 398,

— O. acuminata, Lam.
Cavea (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 31, f. 203, 1859............ 156
Cedo-nulli (Meta), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. i, f. 5, 1859.

— C. Philippinarum, Reeve, var.
Cerealis (Columbella), Menke. Reeve, Icon., f. 118, 1858.

= C. Kraussi, Sowb.
Cervinetta (Columbella), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 498, 1857..........-....:eeeeeees 122
Cessaci (Volvarina), Rochbrune. Bull. Soc. Phil., 1881; Nouv. Archives

CUTTS MIMZISCU Salvo tee Lith) te WA acs, i csiemcls ts ccsesarettvidaleciesisiansisadse sects 52
Chaperi (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 14, t. 7, f. L...........scscecees 26
Chemnitzii (Voluta), Dillw. Desc. Cat. = Wilby resting Mey eos dnanonoooscucooacaes 56

Chilotygma, H. and A. Adams. Genera of Rec. Moll., i, 149, 1855
— Monoptygma, Lea.

Chlorostoma (Columbella), Sowb. Thes., i, p. 113, pl. 86, f, 17, 18...... 112
Choava (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 37, f. 239, 1859........... 137
Chrisopsis (Columbella), Ducl. Mounogr., pl. 15, f.5,6 Fossil.
Chrysallvidea (Columbella), Carp. Pro. Cal. Ac. Sc., iii, p. 2238........... 135
Chrysomelina (Marginella), Redf. Ann. N. Y. Lyc., iv, 492, t. 17, f. 2,

TSS Gnbnepkosseosnsbcnocoackaesadecagndbona0 conecTpco nb noEnsnghotUdeBbus HanbohDaSboe boDesHND 3s
Cincinnata (Columbella) von Martens. Mdébius, Mauritius, 248, t. 20, f.

Tah, THE csodonddsne ascconnad abeenoaca pbenagcoo aden UanCO=sS6 00 sOpSoonstagiodscuos adousousNd 142

Cincta (Marginella), Kiener.. Coq. Viv., 21, t. 8
— M. marginata, Born.
Cincta (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 20, f. 47, 1850. — O. hiatula, Gmel.

Cinerea (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 85. — M. semen, Kve.
Cingulata (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 525, TAG j pee RE os Pea 36
Cingulata (Oliva), Chemn., x, figs. 1369, 137. - OQ. gibbosa, Born.
Cingulata (Columbella), Anton. Verzeickniss, 88, Ghd, 24s190)5 eB asoccont 187
Cingulata (Ancillaria); Sowb. Spo: Conch., f. 6......0.......00s.scsecen sevens 95
Cinnamomea (Ancillaria), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 304.............000 93

Circinata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 17, fig. 277.
— O. litterata, Lam.

Citharula (Columbella), Ducl. Monogr., pl. x, f. 9, 10.
— C. harpiformis, Sowerby.

Cithara (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 36, f. 230, A{S}5}9) peceeac Loe
Citharopsis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, 97, 1868. —Seminella, Pease.
Clandestina (Marginella), Brocchi. Conch. Foss. Subapp., ii, 642, t. 15,

em INIMLi TAnrcarnccidewewsn ee omer etaaseric acini cee ie iincea, sens badces ti sindies wasanisveueiteese 40

Clandestina (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 32, f. 253, 1845,
— M. columbellaria, Scacchi, vol. iv, 195.

208 INDEX.
5 PAGE.
Claneophila, Gray. Zool. Proc., 39, 1858. — Olivancillaria, d’Orb.

Claneophila (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 20, f. 8, 9, 1835.

— O. auricularia, Lam.
Clara (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 18, t. 14, f. 199, 200, 1870.

— O. irisans, Lam., var. concinna.
Clathra (Columbella), Lesson. Rey. Zoo. Cuy. Soc., 1842, p. 184............ 187
Clathrata (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., i, p. 229, 1877. 178
Clausilia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 16, f. 11, 12.
Clavulus (Columbella or Pleurotoma), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc. 1835, p. 134. 184
Cledonida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. Illust., t. 17, f. 17, 18... 174

Clery (Marginella), Petit. Mag: Zool, t-. 18, 1836.00. or -casccenelermes een 20
Cleta (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Il. Conch., t. 15, f. 13, 14............00 160
Closia, Gray. Guide Moll. Brit. Mus. 86, 1857. — Marginella, Lam.... 47

Coccinea (Columbella), Monterosato. Nuova Revista, 41, 1876.
— C. seripta, L. var.
Coccinea (Columbella), Phil. Moll. Sicil., i, 225, 1836. —C. scripta, Linn.
Coerulescens (Marginella), var. Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 77, f. 155, 1846.
? — M. Storeria, Couthuoy.
Collaris (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl..26, f. 164, 1859.
= C. carinata, Hinds.
Columba (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 3, f. 8, 4, 1855.
— (0. Esther, Duclos, var.

Jolumbellaria (Columbella), Scacchi (1836). — Mitra, vol. iv, 195.

Columbellaria, Rolle. Sitzb. Akad. Wien, xlii, 266, 1861....................- 103
Columbella, Lamarck. Prodr. 1799, Syst. An , 75, 1801............... v« 102, O03
Columbella (Erato), Menke. Zeit. Mal., 183, 1847...................0000: 10, 198

Columbelliformis (Buccinum), var. B. Grateloup, Atlas, t. 36, f. 34.
= Columbella scripta, Linn.
Columbellina, d’Orb. Pal. Franc. Cret., ii, 347, 1843....... ac sevebeeate 108, 196
Columbellopsis, Bucg. Dautz. et Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 77, 1882.
= Atilia, H. and A. Adams.

Columbus, Montfort. Conch. Syst., ii, 590, 1810. — Columbella, Lam.

Columellaris (Oliva), Sowerby. Tank. Cat. App., p. 35, 1825...........0+0 67
Compressa (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Jcon., f. 130, 1865..........0+00++. 48
Compta (Columbella), Lischke. Mall. Blat., xxi, p. 20, 1878....... ieceeeeeee 130

Compta (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 24, f. 482, 1871.

— QO. Anazora, Duclos.
Concinna (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 35,1846. — Engina............... 194
Concinna (Columbella), Sowerby. Genera of Shells, No. 9.

= C. levigata, Linn.
Concinna (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 6, f. 100, 101, 1870.

— 0. irisans, Lam., var.
Concinnum (Buccinum), C. B. Ad. Bost. Proe., 1845, Contr. Conch., 55.

== Columbella decipiens, C. B, Ad.
Conella, H. and A. Adams (not Swainson).. Genera, i, 185, 1853.

— Meta, Reeve.
Conella, Swainson. Malacol., 312, 1840. - Conidea, Swainson.
Conidea, Swainson, “Malacole: 151531185 18400. .c.ccscnses soe eeerececenees 102, 180
Coniformis (Meta), Sowerby. Thes. Conch...i, p. 122, p, 37, f. 77, 78.

— C. Philippinarum, Reeve, var.
Coniformis (Gibberula), Mérch. Mal. Blitt., 86, 1860.

—— Marginella Morchit sWedtield (nets. ..csensesvesnaceaeensnceen eaceeest eects eae 56
Coniformis (Oliva), Philippi. Abb. u. Beschr., xix, 1, f. 5-7.

— O. peruviana, Lam.
Conoidalis (Oliva), Lam. Ann, du Mus., xvi, p. 325. — O. jaspidea, Gmel.

INDEX. 209

PAGE,

Conoidalis (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 37, t. 12, f. 2, 1840?

— M. apicina, Menke.
Conoidalis (Marginella), Chenu. Man. Conch., i, 197, f. 1046, 1859,

= M. pellucida, Pfr.
Conoidalis (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat., x, sp.5. sSieselcatdaceseecesaien, TOS
Consobrina (Oliva), Lischke. Mal. BL, 1871, p. a — O. lepta, Ducl.
Conspersa (Amycla), Phil. Ads. Genera, i ei — Nassa, Manual, iv, 36.
Conspersa (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 11.............. 145

Constricta (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 74, 1844.
— M. Hindsiana, Petit.
Contaminata (Marginella), Gask. Zool. Proc., 20, 1849...........0.00 sore. eat
Contaminata (Columbella), Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 7
— C. conspersa, Gask.
Contortuplicata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 20, f, 51.
= O. auricularia, Lam.
Contracta (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon. sp., 32, 1846. — Engina.
Contusa (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 9, f. 31, a, b, 1864.
= O. cinnamomea, Lam.
Conulus (Murex), Olivi. Zool. Adr., 154, t. 5, f. 1, 2.
— Columbella scripta, Linn.
Cornea (Marginella), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert., vil, 360, 1822.......... 36
Cornea (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 18, pl. 4, f. 5
= C. rustica, Linn.
Cornea (Columbella), Payr. Moll. Corse., t. 8, f. 19. — C. seripta, Linn.
Corniculata (Columbella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., Edit. Deshayes, x, p.
175. —C. scripta, Linn.
Corniculum (Amycla), Olivi. Ads. Genera, i, 187.
= Nassa, Manual, iv, 37.
Coronata (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 8, f. 11, 12, 17, 18,
= C. versicolor, Sowb.

Coronata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1852, p. 114..........44 158
Corrugata (Amphissa), Reeve. Buecinum, f. 110, 1846; Dall, Am. Jour.
UPC og alii, THN TBs econacescnda0n eee use ooo Ss d000 LAL ed coco DEOAScona Seanccodorncatadr 197
Corrugata (Erato), Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 12, 1865................. iil
Corusca (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 243, 1865.........6..0cc0s0ees 54.
Snetata( Harps), Dinn. Syst. Nat., p. 1202.......220.:--0.cssecsssescescevesesees 97
Costata (Columbella), Val. Ree. Obs., ii, 331. ? — C. coronata, Sowb.
Costata (Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1860, p. 142............cs.seceseeees 196

Costata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 12, f. 1, 2.
= C. fluctuata, Sow.

Costellata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., ii, p. 111, 1882 ......... 153
Costellifera (Columbella), Pease. Pro. Zoo Soc., 1862, p. 279...... ceeseee 176
Costulata (Columbella), Cantraine. Diag. au Deser., eee nouv. Moll.,

meee tere anriccatetiuciscmipea sen: dee coset eehmessemercerniecccencsccstctonetssnddieereees 166, 198

Costulate (Columbella), C. B, Adams. Contr, Conch., p. 68.
= C. catenata, Sowerby.

Prisca (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., 60, t. 4, f. 86, 90, 91.
— A. cinnamomea, Lam.

Crassa (Harpa), Philippi, Moérch, Yoldi Cat., 125. —H. minor, Lam.
Crassa (Oliva), Martini, —O. inflata, Lam.
Crassilubra (Plochelea), Gabb. Proc. Philada. Acad., 1872..............666 60

Crassilabris (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 27, f. 177, 1859..... 166
Crassilabrum (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846.

= M. labrosa, Redfield.
Crassilabrum (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 92, 1865,

= M. marginata, Born, minor.

Pat

210 INDEX.

Crenata (Harpa), Swainson. Blight, Cat. App., 5......-.-ssseeesssseseeeeeeees 98
Crenate-rosea (Harpa), Gray, teste Reeve. Icon. —H. crenata, Swains.
Crepusculum (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 36, f. 281, a, 1859.
— C. intexta, Gaskoin.
Cribraria (Columbella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert.........sssssssessessseeereneees 122
Crocostoma (Engina), Reeve. Ricinula, f. 40, 1846.
— E. carbonaria, Reeve.
Crossei (Marginella), Velain. Archiv. Zool. Exp., 109, t. 5, f. 5, 6, 1877.
? — M. lachryma, Reeve.
Crossiana (Columbella), Recluz. Jour. de Conch., ii, p. 257, t. 7, f, 5,
(1851). C. seripta, Linn.
Cruenta (Voluta), Solander. Dillwyn, Cat , i, p. 514.
— Oliva guttata, Lam.

Cruentata (Anachis), Mérch, Mal. Blatt., vii, p. 95, 1861.................- 154
Cryptospira, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 1844. -Marginella, Lam............ 30
Cucumis (in part), Klein. Tent. Ostr., 1753. — Marginella, Lam.

Cumingiana (Marginella), Petit. Rev. Zool., 185, 1841.
— M. helmatina, Rang.
Cumingii (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 25, f. 156, 1859........ 151
Cumingii (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ie., t. 11, f. 19, a—b, 1850.
— OQ, araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettx.
Cumingii (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 377, t. 74, f. 38-35, 1846.
—M. Cumingiana, Petit.
Cuneata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 22, f. 385, 1871.
— QO. nivea, Gmelin.
Curta (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 105, 1832.......... 0. s.sccesenescensnen 28
Cuspidata (Columbella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, p. 242,.1877... 165
Cuvieri (Marginella), Desh. Jouss., Guerin s Mag., 251,
- M. bullata, Born, var.
Cyanea (Oliva), Reeve. Icon., f. 70, a. b, Index, 1850.
— QO. puelchana, Orb.
Cylindracea (Bulla), Da Costa. Brit. Conch., 31, t. 2, f. 7, 1778.
= Marginella pallida, Donov.
Cylindrica (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 17, t. 14, f. 198, 194.
(). irisans, Lam., var. concinna.
Cylindrica (Volyaria}), Brown. Bulla cylindracea, Pennant.
Cylindrica (Marginella), Pease. Zool. Proc., 244, 1862.
M. Peasii, Reeve.
Cylindrica (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch, i, 390, t. 76, f. 184, 1846... 53
Cylindrica (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 18, 19.
A ampla Gmelin,

Cylindrus, Breyn. Diss. phys., 6, 1732. Oliva, Brug.
Cymbalum (Marginella), Tate. Proc. Philos. Soc. Adelaide, 86, 1878...... 55
Cymbancilla, P. Fischer. Jour de Conch., 33, 1881. — Anolacia, Gray.

Cyprea (Bulla), Dillw. Cat. i, p. 490, vix Linné.
= Ancillaria cinnamomea, Lam.
Cypreeacea (Marginella), Bory. Encyc. Meth., t. 376, f. 6.
- M. cornea, Lam.
Cyprioides (Marginella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania,

W22, SU sacoawsersccrssiosicdnes onesies svete ideas deeiineaee sina aetna Cater Ce eee eee Emam 23
Cyproides (Erato), C. B. Adams. Bost. Proc., ii, 1, 1845.
2 == BL Maugerite Gray i226... deccao+scue ovens tenedeeonetcceneesenaWens sec eeseeenae 10

Cyprveola (Marginella), Sowb. Zool Proc., 57, 1832.
- Erato scabriuscula, Gray.
Cypreola (Voluta), Brocechi. Conch. Subap., ii, 321, t. 4. f. 10, 1814.
Erato levis, Donoy.

INDEX. 211

PAGE,
Cystiscus, Stimpson. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 55, 1865. — Marginella, Lam.
Cystiscus (Marginella), Redfield. Cat, Marg., 280, 1870........-ss000 seeerees 46
Dactylidia, H. and A. Adams. Genera of Recent Moll., i, 146, 1855.

— Olivella, Swains.
Dactyliola (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 27, f. 5-8, 1835.

= O. funebralis, Lam., var.
Dactyliola, pars (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 27, f. 9.

= O. bulbiformis, Duclos.
Dactylus, Klein. Ostracol., 77, 1753. — Oliva, Brug.
Dactylus, Humphr. Cat. (not Klein). — Marginella, Lam.
Dactylus (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 360, 1822...,,......... 36

Deedala (Columbella), H. Adams. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1878, p. 205, pl. 28, f. 2. 123
Daliola (Columbella), Ducl. Monogr., pl. 8, f. 7, 8. — OC. varians, Sowb.
Dalli (Columbella), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 5th ser., vol. vi,
EES USSO)\ieccmcccessctnlnseecsserdccastansandccreaxeccaseeecyscecmaneeeaseresss hresises 122
Dama (Oliva), Mawe. Wood. Ind. test. Suppl., t 5, f. 87 (Voluta)........ 71
Darwini (Columbella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 181, 1877.
— C. lentiginosa, Keeve.
Davisiana (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 205, 1877.......... 20
Dealbata (Oliva), Reeve, Conch. Ic., t. 25, f. 71, 1850. —O. nivea, Gmel.

Debilis (Marginella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 22, 1872...........+006 45
De Burghise (Marginella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 509, 18638..............sesseee 38

Decipiens (Columbella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., p. 58.
= C. obesa, C. B. Ad.

Decollata (Columbella), Brusina. Verhandl. zoo.-bot. Ges. Wien, -xv, p.
10, 1865. —C. scripta, Linn., var.

Decolor (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 132. C. Marquesana, Gask.
Decussata (Columbella), Sow. Thes. Conch., i, p. 134, pl. 39, f. 135...... 112
Deformis (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 44, 1846. DIMES papooopaccecon 192
Deformis (Marginella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 23, 1874; 95, t.

Bem M le MUO Olsen cue assecicatisads coe ek wen aeias cote cece Beces cheinencnctie soetsnatnearteltesensises 24
Delessertiana (Marginella), Recluz. Rev. Zool., 185, 184]...........00se00e 55
Delicata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 27, f. 171.............006 122
Dens (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 120, 1865.................ss0ceeee 40
Densilineata (Nitidella ?), Carp. Am. Nat. Hist., 1864, p. 48...........006 - 115
Denticulata (Marginella), Tate. Proc. Philos. Soc. Adelaide, 87, 1878... 55

Denticulata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl 9, f. 3, 4.
= C. moleculina, Ducl.

Depressa (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes., iii, No. 28. — A. Australis, Sow.
Dermestoides (Columbella), Kiener. Buccinum, p. 52, t. 25, f. 100........ 131
Dermestoides (Columbella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 1867, p. 195; Brazier,
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W., i, 231. = C. lineolata (Pease), Brazier.
Deshayesiana (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rey. crit., p. 86, t. 3, fig.
Cem MO MELO isnaee she seNs contol ue saute vanieemelsce stoi Seon awe wea nsiccue bec areee eases 90

Deshayesii (Ancillaria), A. Adams. Sowerby, Thes Conch., t. 4, f. 68, 69.

— A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Deshayesii (Columbella), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 2 ser., iii, 882, 1859.

= CU. turturina, Lam.
Diadocus (Oliva?), Adams et Reeve. Marrat, Thes. Conch., No. 206, 1871,

— O. nivea, Gmelin.
Diadochus (Marginella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 28, t.7, f.4, 1860, 22
Diaphana (Columbella), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 513.........e008- 160
Diaphana (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 38, t. 12, f. 3, 1840?

— M. pellucida, Pfr.

212 INDEX.

PAGE,
Diaphana (Marginella), Kiister. Conch. Cab., t. 4, f. 5, 6. 1865.

? — M. fauna, Sowb.
Dichroa (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 50.......c0cceee0e 114
Dictua (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Sec. Tas., SWS Pais kececcecmeeees 126
Digglesi (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Zoo. Soce., 1874, p. 671, pls 835

fe de Pa cossagedcac caged suoneooshEococaDappacadavosdSy oobanbexoobODOtAtcoe-cconn: csosess BLO
Digitale (Columbella), Lesson. Rev. Zoo. Cuv. Soc., 1842, p. 186.........+ 187
Dimidiata (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., 62, t. 3, f. 55, 56......... 96
Diminuta (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Cat. Sh. Panama, p. 85, 1852...... 177
Dipsacus, Klein. Ostracol., 36, 1753. 8S. G. of Ancillaria..... srseenee sees 61, 96
Discors (Columbella), Gmelin. Syst. mat., p. 3455.............sscececcseesceeeee 182

Dissimilis (Columbella), Stimpson. Pro. Bos. 8. N. H., iv, p. 114, 1857.
= C. zonalis, Liasley.
Doliolum (Columbella), Tap. Can. Am. Mus. Civic. 8. Nat. Genoa, vol.
ix, 280,1876. ? —C. sagitta, Gask.
Donovani (Marginella), Kiener. Iconog. Marginella, 16, t. 8, f. 84, 1834.
= Erato levis, Donovan.
Dorize (Columbella), Issel. Moll. Miss. Ital. Persia, p. 11, 1865.
= C. Mindorensis, Gaskoin.
Dormitor (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 143, t. 40, f. 178... 181
Dorsata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 120..........ecee0 185
Dorsuosa (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 130, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860............ Ai
Dubia (Strombus), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, pl. 7, fig. 80.
= Columbella Philippinarum, Rve., var.
Dubiosa (Marginella) Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 103, t, 15,f 17,1872. 39
Duchon (Marginella), Adanson. Jousseaume, Guerin’s Mag., 262, 1875.
— M. interrupte-lineata, Muhlf.
Duclosi (Oliva); Reeve: “Conch..lc:, t. 19) fi 440.2. css. ceectees-eeaeeeeeeer 85
Duclosi, pars (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germ. Rev. Crit., p. 59 (non Reeve).
— OO. Stainforthi, Reeve.
Duclosiana (Oliva), Jay. Cat., p. 367. —O. Duclosi, Reeve.
Duclosiana (Columbella), d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, p. 186, t. 21, f. 31-83,
1858 cscensdev sissies inden’ eoudesien Sedeasomarecnolse las eeee slnsaan oe fe selnase eee tee eee eee 133
Duclosiana (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 113, t. 36, f. 15-16.. 112
Dujardinii (Turbinella), Hornes (1856). — Columbella Greci, Phil.
Dunkeri (Marginella), Krauss. Sudaf. Moll., 126, t. 6, f. 23, 1848.
= M. zonata, Kiener.
Dunkeri (Columbella:)\liry oni <.-1..cccocecess + sesoaseecicessise are smseecentiaaeeeeeeies 12)
Dupontize (Meta), Kiener. Reeve, Icon., sp. 6, 1859.
—C. Philippinarum, Reeve. var.
Dysoni (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. xvii, f. 92, 1858.........00. 107

Ebenum (Columbella), Philltppi. Mal. Blatt., xv, p. 228.

— (©. unifasciata, Sowb.
Bburnes (Ancillaria), Deshayes. Lam. Hist. Nat., 2d ed., x, p. 591.

—O. cinnamomea, Lam.
apaenee (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus, xvi, p. 326. —O. nivea, Gmel.
Effulgens (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 104, 1865.

—M. avena, Valenc.
Effusa (Ancillaria). Swains. Jour. Sc., p. 278. — A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Egeria (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 4, f. 19, 20........... 181
Egira (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 5, f. 24, 25.

-Q. ispidula, Linn.

Egouena, Jousseaume. Monog. Marg., Guerin’s Mag., 1875.

— Marginella, Lam.
Elata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 25, f. 155, 1859............. . 150

INDEX. Dis

PAGE
Electona (Columbella), Duclos. Monog., pl. 9, f. 11, 12......0..e0e- Barateees 164
Electroides (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 72, 1858.... .. SM caiccsoaes ii
Electrum (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 118, 1865.

— M. hematita, Kiener. ;
Elegans (Marginella), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3448, 1788......ccccsseeeseseeeees 30
Elegans (Alcira), H. Adams. Pro. Zo] Soc , 1860. p. 451.........-...0000e 188

Elegans (Kngina), Gray. Voy. Blossom, p. 118, Moll., 1830.
= E. turbinella, Kiener.
Elegans (Triton), Thompson. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xv, 317, t. 19, f. 1.

Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv., 305. — Engina farinosa, Gld.
Elegans (Nitidella), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vil, p. 116...............-s000e 115
Elegans (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114.....4 --eseeeee 186
Elegans (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus. xvi, p. 312 Mee uae d Mudooseanaspeessatawie ss 76
Elegantula (Mitrella), Morch. Mal. Blate. ay Vs BEES ete Gossoobe coocnos bene 158
Elliptica (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 232, eTOkees Menta arcs 36

Elongata (Volutella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., ae 281, t. 28, f. 28, 1868.

= Marginella elliptica, Redf.
Elongata (Ancillaria), Gray. App. Voy. Fly., vol. ii, p. 357, t. 1, f. 5... 96
Elongata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 22, f. 386, 887.

= O. floralia, Duclos.
Emarginata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ie., xi, ae 80, f. 190, 1859..... 124
Emeliodina (Oliva), Duclos in Chenu, Ill Conch., All iis NS PAVE

= O. episcopalis, Lam.
Emicator (Oliva), Meuschen. Marrat, Thes. Cench., t. 5, f. 57-60.

= O. guttata, Lam.
Encaustica (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 148, 1865.

? — M. quinqueplicata, Lam., juv.
Encaustica (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, UB xii, 56, 1858......... 164
Engina, Gray. Zool. Voy. Beechey, 113, 1839... sesannonon MU} Ttets!
Epamella (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 5, ee bees ‘19, 20.

= C. Philippinarum, Reeve.
Epidelia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. II, t. 25, f. 17, 18... ..... 160
Epigrus (Marginella), Reeve Conch. Icon., f. 151, 1865.

? — M. exilis, Gmelin.
Episcopalis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 313......-... Side bapowests/isies 74
Himatomiissos Hist. Nat. devNice:. iv, 240) 826... .cc.c .ccccecccseceasccocsccee 7
Eratoidea, Weinkauff. Kiister’s Conch. Cab., 126, 140, 1878.

= Marginella, Lam.
Eratopsis, Hoernes and Auinger. Abhandl. K. K. Geol. Reichs., xii, pt.

PMS LO Sc Macee se ae vats ccnaies rods saa cusancereeetee coeme pe acacbsidecemoaces tenses aes ake (hy MU!
Erythrostoma (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 309, n, 3.

= O. irisans, Lam., var.
Esmilota (Oliva) Duclos. Monogr., pl. 4, f. 5, 6, fossil,

Esodina (Vliva), Duclos in Chenu, t. 16, f. 19, 20. — O. Duclosi, Reeve.
Kssingtonensis (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 27, f. 174, 1859. 149
Hather (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 3, f. 7, 8, 1885.........s.:sccccsecteoseene 5. (oe)
Eustoma (Columbella), Jouss. Bul. Soc. Zoo., i, p. 266, pl. v, f. 83-4, 1876. 182
Evania (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 20, f. 3, As =), sanguinolenta, Lam.
Evanida (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch: My Coloy tic 7B GOS SAGs eT
Exigua (Ancillaria), Sowb. Sp. Conch. Anc, 6, f. 33, 34, 35.

BMA STINET A: Sees csiiiesaastepacscctseddels sosrds cos ssieseue'-a+cnsecesssacehessecasbase 91

Bxigua (Oliva) (Martini), Marrat. Thes. Conch., . 33, t. 22, f.3389-401

= 0. jaspidea, Gmelin.
Exilis (Columbella), Philippi. Menke, Zeit., 1849, p. 23........sccccesseeeee 150
Exilis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 452. — O. lepta, Duclos.

214 INDEX.

PAGE,
Exilis (Voluta), Chiaje. Poli, Test. Sicil., ili, 30, t. 46, f. 35, 36, 1825-6
— Marginella secalina, Phil.

Exilis (Marginella), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3444) WiS8to cs ssseeesscmenitessteeie 57
Eximia (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp., 45, 18465 == Bueinaee scene 193
Eximia (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 35, f. 222.............0-22000 150

Exquisita (Uliva), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lon., DSA oy Meester tia hae 24,7

Faba (Oliva), Marrat. Thes Conch., p. 20, t. 16, f. 238, 239, 1871.
— O. sidelia. Ducl.
Faba (Marginella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit. x, 7380, 1758...........0..cseseee > 2h
Faba (Marginella), Chenu. Lecons Elem., t. 17, f. 720, 1847.
— M. pseudofaba, Sowb.
Faba (Voluta), var. Dillw. Desc. Cat., 528, 1817.
— Marginella bifasciata, Lam.
Fabagina (Oliva), Lam. Hist. nat., ed. Deshayes, x, 629.
— 0. inflata, Lam.
Fabrei (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 42, t. 2, f. 8, a, b.
= (Monstrosity) O. Maura, Lam.
Fabula (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 36, t. 28, f. 420, 421.
— (). lepta, Duclos.
Fabula (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 124, t. 38, f. 86, 87.
- C. pardalis, Lam.
Faleonta (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. i, f. 5, 6.
? — C. levigata, Linn.
Fallotina (Oliva), Ducl. Monogr., pl. 4, f. 7, 8. Fossil.
Farinosa (Hindsia), Gould. Otia, p. 68, 1846; Moll. Wilkes’ Exped.,

255, f. 328 == DIVAN ER pqnqqoedesBasoconodRUcr ocoDODDOsELDIpSOSDONGaSCAGG So22ccootes 192
Fasciata (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 389, t. 76, f. 142, 1846..... 54
Fasciata (Columbella), Sowb. -Tank. Cat. App., p. 25, 1829..........seceeeee 105

Fasciata (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 11, f. 44, a, b, 1864.
— A. marmorata, Rve.
Fasciata (Persicula), H. and A. Adams. Gen. Rec, Moll., i, 193, t. 20, f.
3, 1858. — Marginella cingulata, Dillw.
Fauna (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846..........,.......sscecscs-se . 48
Fenestrata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Te., Kiple Ztaetc Neos 1859.
— C. Adamsi, Tryon.

Fenestrata (Columbella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Cus Dp: 0; L800 R eseaenests 132 .
Festiva (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 82, t. 10, fou; "1840 ?. Becadoascans 215)
Festiva (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., » PD» Lb; pl. Ll Aeeeeeesereeeee 106
Figura (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 4, f 45. = 0. reticularis, Lam.
Filamentosa (Columbellla); Dunikerlc-..-.c.c.ccs-ccncens Soeteceeere ce eeteeee eee 157
Filicincta (Columbella), ‘'app. Can. Ann. Mus. Civico. S. Nat. Genoa,

VOLS 1x; Pi 279; VST G.cc.cess 0c cocedee cuss esiecnatesecssosescecstecesenenocemteteeets 143

Filosa (Nitidella), Stearns. Pro. A. N.S Phila., 1878, p. 345.
- ©. Stearnsii, Tryon.
Filosa (Columbella), Dujardin (1835). — C. Greci, Phil.
Filosus (Esopus), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1867, p. 111, t. 13, f. 6.
Col. loses AM PAS. 2.ce i eels css sain ssine a's'een veneslewsieiee ach eeeae ces ieee eee perteaeets 151
Fimbriata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 29, f. 92 a-d, 1850.
- (0. mutica, Say, var. nitidula.
Flaminea (Columbella), Scacchi. Cat., p. 10. — C. scripta, Linn.
Flammea, var. (Voluta), Gmel. Syst. Nat. — Columbella fulgurans, Lam.
Flammea (Columbella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch,, iii, 233; Carp. Zool.
Proc., 516, 1865. — C. Marquesana, Gask.
Flammulata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 314, ni 7...2cc.-- epee eee eeaee 84

INDEX. 915

Flava (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 11, f. 156, 157, 1870.

— O. elegans, Lam. t
Flava (Columbella), Bruguiere. Dict. No. 58..........s.ceeseseeeneececere scenes 182
Flaveola (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 6, f. 17-20, 1835.

—O. ispidula, Linn.

Flavida (Columbella), Lam. Hist. Nat., ed. ii, x, 268. —C. flava, Brug.
Flavida (Ancillaria), Schumacher. Nouv. Syst., p. 206.

=A. glabrata, Linn.

Flavida (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lyc., iv, 163, t. 10, f. 4,

1846. —M. apicina, Menke.

Flavus (Oliva), Meusch. O. pica, Lam.
. Flexuosa (Pyrene), Hutton. Jour. de Conch., xviii, p. 28, 1878; Man.
New Zeal. Moll., 61. C. choava, Reeve.
Flexuosa (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., X, p. 175...........-.6s:.0se0ee 124
Floccata (Columbella), Reeve Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 26, f. 160, 1859.......... 114
Floralia (Oliva), Duclos, in Chenu, Ill. Conch., p. 6........5...... 2.0 ccecee waveee 68
Fluctuata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115...........44+ 153

Fluctuata (Marginella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., 56, 1850.
—M. sagittata, Hinds.
Fluctuosa (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch. Col., t. 15, f.11,12. .
—C. fluctuata, Sow.
Formicula (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 359, 1822............ 23
Formosa (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 11...........es00e 140
Formosa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 3, f. 28, 29.
— 0. reticularis, Lam.
Forticos’ata (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 29, 1846.
— Engina carbonaria, Rve.
Fortunei (Oliva), Adams. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 422, ADS < US Tlleaeesse 69
Fragaria (Voluta), Wood Ind. Test. Sup., pl. 3, f. 27, 1856.
— Engina bella, Reeve.
Frumentum (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 57, 1832.......... seeaceseersses 38
Fulgens (Marginella), Dunker. Mal. Blatt, xviii, 155, 1871...............06 56
Fulgida (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 36, f. 78, a, b, 1850.
—(. nivea, Gmel.
Fulgida (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 28, f. 178, 1859............ 149
Fulgurans (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., X, p. 272..........scscceceese 109
Fulgurata (Oliva), Martens. Mal. Blatt., 1869, 221.
— 0. Peruviana, Lam.
Fulgurata (Oliva), Adams et Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p. 351, t. 10, f. 12,
1848. —O. lepta, Duclos.
Fulminans (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p. 421. -Q. maura, Lam.
Fulminata (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 33, t. 12, f. 1, 1840?......... 19
Fulminea (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 131, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860
Fulva (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 42, t. 25, f. 471.
?—O. episcopalis, Lam ,
Fulva (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115..............seeee 154
Fulva (Ancillaria), Swainson. Jour. Se., xviii, p. 283.
— A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Fumosa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 119, 1870.
— O. tremulina, Lam.
moeomepralis (Oliva), Gam. Hist. nat... vil, p-487...0......csecvscccseccnsereconse 17
Funiculata (Engiva), Reeve. Conch. Icon., Ricinula, f. 16, 1846.......... 194
Funiculata (Columbella), Souverb. Jour. Conch, 1865, p. 157, pl. v, f. &.
= C. flava, Brug.
Fura (Oliva), Reeve. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 55, 1858. —O. pura, Rv.
Fusca (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 95, 1846. — M. exilis, Gmelin,

916 INDEX.

Fuscata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 117......... «+. . 105
Fuscata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 20-22.

— 0. araneosa, Lam.
Fuscostrigata (Columbella), Carp. Ann Nat. Hist., 1864, xiv, p. 49...... 178
Fusiformis (Mitropsis), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 212, 1867.

= C. Paumotensis, Tryon.

Fusiformis (Columbella), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, Moll., t. 10, f. 17, 18.

— C. recurva, Sowb.
Fusiformis (Columbella), Nuttall. Jay’s Cat. Shells, 3d edit., p. 89.

= C. Guildingii, Sowb.

Fusiformis (Columbella), d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, p. 136, t. 21, f. 25-27..... 147
Fusiformis (Columbella), Pease. Am, Jour. Conch., iv, 122, 1868.

— C. sagitta, Gask.
Fusiformis (Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1865, p. 5138........00-ceceeeeee 193
Fusiformis (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, 88, sp. 28485, 1839......... 187
Fusiformis (Voluta), Turton. Conch. Dict., 251, 1819.

— Erato levis, Donov.
Fusiformis (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 95, 1844.............:+-eseeeeee 24
Fusiformis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 318..............2...00- Bee mels:
Fusillus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 36, f. 231, b, 1859.

— C. intexta, Gask.
Fusina (Marginella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool,, ix, 72, 1881........... 57
Fustigata (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 20, pl. 5, f. 3.

— C, rustica, Linn.

Galaxias (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic¢., xi, pl. 36, f. 229, 1859.

— C. sagitta, Gaskoin.
Galeola (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 28, f. 4, 5, 6, 1835. —O.irisans, Lam.
Galeola, Gray. Zool. Proc., 39, 1858. — Oliva, Brug.

Gallinacea (Erato), Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon. Baas CgudltslotS)-aosnodccdobocece 10
Gambiensis (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marginella. —M.amygdala, Kien.
Garretti (Columbella) Uiryon.-;--nchecsessree=s-c cre seuseneateo eee Rapaecdandcnda 166

Garrettii (Cythara), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lon. 1860, p. 147.
— C. lachryma, Gask.
Gaskoin1 (Anachis), Carp. Mazat. Cat., p. 510. —A. teniata, Phil.
Gausapata (Columbella), Gould.- Pro. Bos. Soc., N. H., iii, p. 170, 1858.
— C. carinata, Hinds.
Gemma (Marginella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 122, 1855. — M. festiva, Kien.
Gervillii (Columbella), Payr. Moll. Corse, t. 18, f. 20. — C.scripta, Linn.

Gibberula, Swainson. Malacol, 323, 1840. — Marginella, Lam.

Gibberula (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115............ 184
Gibbosa (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 50, t. 8, f. 6..........seseseeeees 29
Gibbosa (Engina), Garrett. Calif. Proc , iv, 203, 1872................scseseees 195

Gibbosa (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 5, f. 5, 6.

— C. Strombiformis, Lam.
Gibbosa, juv. (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 19, f. 302, 804, 305, 309, 310.

— O.nebulosa, Lam.
Gibbosa (Oliva); Born. Mest) Mus. Cres.) p. 210s cce-sceccceeetseeepenemnaetrtea 90
Gibbosula (Columbella), Broderip. DL’ Orb, Voy. Am. Mer., p. 430.

= C. gibberula, Sowb.
Gilvum (Bucc.), Menke. Zeit. Mal., 180, 1847. ? —C. coronata, Sowb., var.
Gilvum (Buecinum), Menke. Zeit. Mal., 180, 1847. ? —C. coronata, Sowb.
Glabella (Marginella), Linn. Syst. nat., edit. x, 730, 1758..............0+6+ 17
Glabella (Voluta), var. «. Gmel., Syst. Nat., 3445, 1788.

— Marginella pyrum, Gronov.

INDEX. 217

Glabella (Voluta), var. 6. Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 5444, 1788.

— Marginella elegans, Gmelin.
Glabella, Swainson. Malacol, 324, 1840. — Marginella, Lam.............. 19
Glabelloides (Voluta), Humphreys. Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 378.

— Marginella irrorata, Menke.
Glabrata (Ancillaria), Linn. Syst. Nat., xii, fed, p. 1208.. che) Goosde. whe)
Glandiformis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 12, ig Ziey 174 ‘(vix Lam.).

— U. tigrina, Lam.
Glandiformis, pare (Oliva}, Marrat. Thes. Conch., pars, t. 12, f. 175 (non

175, 174). - QO. Lecoquiana, Ducros
Glandina (Marginella), Vélain. Archiv. Zool. Exp., vi, 169, t. 3, f. 3, 4,
MS iikeesiectsrasintewsa'csee cise «ccc siiseee cove ve ae sable sic cela tla ssle/aie sisiaiesjals 3Nleia a ciseie 8 nasistesinciasle seas, 40

Glandinaria (Olivella), Conrad. Carpenter Rep., p. 193.
— Oliva biplicata, Sowerby.
Glans (Marginella), Menke. Syn. Meth., 146, 1836.
—= M. prunum, Gmel., var.
Glauca (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 71, t. 8, f. 1. —M. elegans, Gmel. 198
Goodallii (Marginella), Sowb. Tankerville Cat., t. 2, f. 2, 1825............ 18
Gouldiana (Columbella), Agassiz, MSS. Stimpson, Shells of N. Eng,, 48,
1851. —C. lunata, Say.

Gouldii (Nitidella), Carp. Zool. Proc., 208, 1856. —C. carinata, Hinds.
Gowllandi (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 671, pl. 83,
aml wall Gine os saclaeist satinsiscséascehinssisscivovesccs els esse vieieeses sos se sieSeacopsidaseceieneneta ee 170
Gracilis (Harpa), Broderip et Sowerby. Zool. Jour., iv, 575.........s0.006 99
Gracilis (Citharopsis), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, p. 97, t Sti 0) 1867. 167
Gracilis (Oliva), Broderip et Sowerby. Zoo. Jour., iv, p. 379. Heslaceneeeeeee 70
Gracilis (Marginella), C.B. Ad. Ann. N. Y. WAG 5 iy GMO, eI ke Gcocsnagsoc 55

Greeci (Columbella), Philippi (1844).
= Mitra Columbellaria, Scacchi, vol. iv, 195.
Granitella (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p} 310. — O. textilina, Lam.
Granula, Jousseaume. Monog. Margin., Guerin’s Mag., 1875.
— Marginella, Lam.
Granum (Marginella), Kiener. Iconog., 17, t. 8, f. 385, 1835.
— Erato scabriuscula, Gray.
Granum (Marginell). Phil. Zeit. Mal. 55 ally UNSIR O sodecdos6nasooscpa0ssea5 SoNtG0NC - 43
Graphica (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 6, t. 3, f. 36, 1870.
—G. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettz.
Grata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 41, t. 25, f. 470, 1871.
—Q. mustellina, Lam.
Grisea (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 105, 1875.
— M. sexplicata, Dunker.
Gruneri (Harpa), Maltz. Jahrb., iv, 1877, t. 4, f.2. —H. costata, Linn.
Gualteriana (Columbella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer. Moll., p. 206.
? —C. mereatoria, Linn.

Guancha (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Canaries, 88, t. 6, f. 82-34, 1884...... 41
Guatemalensis (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. oleits 198, 1859.. 177
Guttata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 313, n. 14.. Boo Cle!

Guttata (Columbella), Sow. Thes. Conch., p: Nai ee -C. - eribraria, Lam.
Guttata (Erato), Sowb. Thes. Conch., iii, 82, f. 29,

— KE. guttula, Sowb.
Guttata (Marginella), Swainson. Zool. Ill., 2d ser., i, t. 44, f. 2, 1829.

== IML, [DIT GTS SON Dsocodneotcossecso0d6 obscgduanceadscoooBebanconcosoons, b<Suabasose 32
Guttata (Marginella),Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 394, t. 78, f. 208-210, 1846.

= M. calculus, Redfield.
Guttata (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 526, 1817...........s-sccsccecsssceece 32

28

218 INDEX.

PAGE,

Gutturosa (Columbella), Duclos. Monog., pl. 9, f. 9, 10.

—C. idalina, Duclos. :
Guttula (Oliva), Martini (part). Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 12, 165-168.

— O. elegans, var. tricolor, Lam.
Guttula (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 101, 1865.

— M. avena, Val., var.
Guttula (Erato), Sowb. Conch. Illust., f. 50, 1841. Weinkauff, Monog.

in Conch. Cab-; 156.22: sc.2.2.22.csc0 veeSesan cosseaseneieae snes dea semesactaeeeeeeeereeaa
Guilfordia (Columbella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., 205, t. 7, f. 87,

1826. = Erato levis, Donov.
Guildingi (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 28, f. 89, a, b, 1850.

— Q. nivea, Gmelin.
Guildingii (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 143, t. 40, f. 175, 176... 179
Guillaini (Marginella), Petit. Jour. de Conch., ii, 50, t. 1, f. 18, 1851... 22

Hexmastoma (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 116......... 106
Heematita (Murginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., ii, t. 7, f. 31, 1884.............. 24
Hainesii (Marginella), Petit. Jour. de Conch., ii, 260, t. 8, f. 5, 6, 1851.
—M. quinqueplicata, Lam., var.
Haldemani (Amycla), Dunker, Ads. Genera, i, 187.
—Nassa. Manual, iv, 36.
Haligeti (Columbella), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv, p. 356, v, t. 88, f. 3.
— C. costulata, Cant.
Haneti (Columbella), Petit. Jour. Conch., i, 57, t. 3, f.4, 1850. 2d ser.,
i, 82, 1856. —C. pavonina, Hinds.
Hanleyi (Columbella), Deshayes. Cat. Moll. Bourbon, 1868, p. 131, pl.
AOL. SHO). sii ac hovensectacenetes cpet ries eccnt toh at sence t ee eee ApOCn CABS 129
Harpa (Buccinum), Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. xii, p. 1201.
— Harpa ventricosa, Lam.
Harpa, Lam. Prodr., 1799......... Tees eecddec ea eee oe ee seco, 817)
Harpeformis (Marginella), Beck. Sowb., Thes. Conch. i, 374, t. 74, f. 78,
1846

ance ids oe aisia saiiawcee sesias4 acelscleisier cele sneer shi tncemeonvencicutresueee ute e settee Re neteane 22
Harpalis, Link. Rost. Samml., iii, 114, 1807. — Harpa, Lam.
Harparia, Rafinesque. Anal. Nat., 1815. = Harpa, Lam.
Harpiformis (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 113..........++ 196
Harpularia (Oliva,) Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, 620. — 0. araneosa, Lam.

Hebreea (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, 270.
= Mitra litterata, Lam, :
Helmatina (Marginella), Rang. Guerin’s Mag., t. 5, 1832.........0-...-0000s 19
Helvia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 1, f. 19, 20.
? — C. levigata, Linn.
Hemiltona (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 19, f. 3, 4, 1835.
= O. elegans, Lam.
Hepatica (Oliva), Marrat (not Lamarck). Thes. Concb., t. 3, f. 27, 28.
(non Lam.). = O. reticularis, Lam.

Hepatica (Uliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi., p. 320. — O. tremulina, Lam.
Heterozona (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 62, t. 7, f. 4eccceveccereee 58
Hiatula, Swains. Malacol., 132, 322, 1840. — Agaronia, Gray.

Hiatula (Oliva), Gmelin, sp. Syst. Nat., ed. xiii, p. 8442............cccce00s 88
Hieroglyphica (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 24, f. 68, 1850........ Soosadoce . 84

Hindsiana (Marginella), Petit. Jour. de Conch., ii, 54, 1851.
— M. Oliveeformis, Kiener.

Hindsii (Columbella), Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc , 1851. —C. carinata, Hinds.

Hirundo (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, De lore taene ceoee 147
Histrio (Ricinula), Rve. Icon., sp. 36, 1846. — Engina alveolata, Kiener.
Holbollii (Columbella), Beck, Authors. — C. rosacea, Gould.

rt

INDEX. 919

PAGE.
Holosericea (Oliva), Martini. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 13, f. 178, 181.

— O. tigrina, Lam.
Hondurasensis (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 97, 1865.

— M. pulchra, Gray.
Hordeacea (Columbella), Philippi. Menke, Zeit., 1849, p. 25............44 179
Hotessieri (Columbella), d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 158, t. 21, f. 37—-39........ 144
Humerosa (Columbella), Carp. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1865, p. 281........sceceeeene 112
Hyalina, Schum. Nouv. Syst., 234, 1817. — Marginella, Lam.
Ida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 14, f. 1-12.

— C. atrata, Gould.
Idalina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 9, f. 5, 6.........sccecereserececees 117
Idosia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 22, f. 15, 16............ 190
Idulia (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 10, f. 3, 4........00...sscseeceese 111

Ignota (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 12, —M. neglecta, Sowb.
laira (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 15, f. 11, 12.

?—C. orphia, Duclos.
Imbricata (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 76, 1844..............0ssseseses 37
Immersa (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 109, 1865.

— M. tricineta, Hinds.
Imperialis (Harpa), Chemnitz. Lam., x, 129. —H. costata, Linn.
Impolita (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. C., i, p. 132, pl. 39, f. 127............ 119
Inconspicua (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 387, t. 75, f. 80, 1846.
Inconspicua (Oliva), C. B. Adams. Panama Shells, 34.

—= O. myriadina, Duclos.
Inconspicua (Oliva), Marrat (not Adams). Thes. Conch., f. 437, 1871.

—= QO. nivea, Gmelin.
Inconspicua (Marginella), Nevill. Jour. Ay. Soc. Bengal, 23, 1874; 95, t.

Smet smiles (5s ein Nevilliiy JOUSSCRU MC — sted. saentes secesetesedce acneele 27
Incrassata (Oliva), Solander. Dillwyn, Descr. Cat., i, p. 516 (Voluta).

—= O. angulata, Lam.
Incubitantes (Columbella), Martini Conch. Cab., ii, p. 113.

—C. mereatoria, Lam.
Indica (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. xiv, No. 66, 1858......... WAY)
Indusica (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 29, f. 48, a, b, 1850.

= 0. hiatula, Gmelin.

Infans (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 150, 1865 ...........cceeeeeeeeee 53
Infelix (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 75........cscceceseeecseecseceenees 42
fanaia (Oliva); Gam. Amn. du Mus., xvi, 810.6... ...c.cdsesccooccvereecescsve 75

Inflexa (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 389, t. 76, f. 150, 1846.
— M. fusiformis, Hinds.
Infrenata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 12, f. 161, 1870.
= 0. elegans, Lam.
Infumata (Columbella), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1863, p, 84, pl. 1...... 117
Inornata (Ancillaria), Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 217, pl. xx, f. 56.
? — A, Sinensis, Sowb.
Inornata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 18, t. 11, f. 155, 1870.
—O. funebralis, Lam.
Inscripta (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W., i, p. 230, 1877.. 189
Intermedia (Marginella), Menke. Syn. Meth., 88, 1828.............scssseees 55
Intermedia (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 381, t. 74, f. 6; t. 76
f. 90, 1846. —M. pyrum, Gmel.
Interrupta (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1865, p. 56, t. ii, f. 7, 8.
—= ©. Angasi, Brazier. cs
Interrupta (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 8......serceseee 141

?

is)
be
=)

INDEX.

PAGE.
Interrupta (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 362, 1822.

— M. interrupte-lineata, Mublf.
Interrupte-lineata (Marginella), Muhlf. Berl. Mag., viii, 1818............ 37
Intertincta (Oliva), Carpenter. Mazatl. Shells, p. 465, 1857.

—Q. araneosa, Lam
Intexta (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. To.c.seeeeeeeereeeere 120
Intorta (Oliva), Carpenter. Zool. Proe., 207, 1856,

— O. petiolita, Duclos.
Intricata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 27, t. 21, f. 344, 345, 1871.

—Q. nebulosa, Lam.

Todosia (Engina), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. Mlust., t. 22, f. 16........ Sonsontoc 190°

~

Iodostoma (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 13.
-C. conspersa, Gask.

Ionida (Columbella), Ducl. Monogr., pl. 7, f. 5-8......-....-seecerereeee senees 118
lontha (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. A. N. 8. Phila., 1861, p. 42........2+0 144
Iphis (Columbella), Ducl. Monogr., pl. 13, f. 11, 12. Fossil.
Trisans (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. OL Dios csa 0 Siocwsenenesoeeeneeeees a WD
Irrorata (Marginella), Menke. Syn. Meth., 88, 1828............ deeeceacseeeeee iy
Irrorata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 25, f. 158...........2.-.00+ 118
Isabellina (Columbella), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 3d ser., v, 265, 1865;

V1 LGD). hails kee Gneeccece site cece) moles sicmslenesileseiemsieeslacee eeteclertetaluel este te ater 141
Isomella (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 9, f. 7, 8.....+.sseseeeenereevees 173

Ispida (Oliva), Link. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 15, 16.
— QO. fusiformis, Lam.
Ispidula, Gray. Zool. Proc., 140, 1847. — Oliva, Brug.
Ispidula, pars (Oliva), Marrat. ‘hes. Conch., t. 16, f. 240.
O. Broderipi, Ducros de St. Germain.

Ispidula (Uliva), Linn. Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1188................sseeseeeeseneoees 86
Ispidula, var. (Voluta). Born. = Oliva flammulata, Lam.

Ispidula (Voluta), Martini. ii, f. 491, 492. — Oliva guttata, Lam.

Isseli (Marginella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc., Bengal, 95, 1875..........++s008e 40

Jamaicensis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 6, t. 4, f. 26.

— O. reticularis, Lam.
Japix (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 22, f. 18, 14............+4 135
Japonica (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. x, f. 45, a, b, 1858.

— C. pardalina, Lam.

Japonicus (Hsopus), Gould. Pro, Bost. S. N. H., vii, p. 383, 1860........ 188
Jaspidea (Columbella), Sowb. Thes Conch., i, p. 152, pl. 39, f. 125...... 157
Jaspidea (Oliva), Gmel. Syst. Nat., ed. xili, p. 3442. ... 2.1.1... 0200: seccese 68

Jaspidea (Oliva), Duclos in Chenu, Il]. Conch., t. 9, f. 9, 10.

— O. Duclosi, Reeve.
Javacensis (Columbella), Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1848. — C. fasciata, Sowb.
Jayana (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Revue crit., 68, t. 3, f. 44, a, b.

? — O. mustelina, Lam.
Jewettii (Marginella), Carp. Zool. Proc., 207, 1856................+sseceeeee 43
Jousseaumei (Gibberula), Rochbrune. Bull. Soc., Phil., 1881; Nouvelles

Archives du Museum, 2 ser., iv, 293, t. 17, f. 15, 1881. — M.exilis, Gmel.
Juliettz (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 16, f. 5, 4, 1835.

- Q. araneosa, Lam., var.

Kaleontina (Oliva), Ducl. Monogr., t. 8, f. 7, 8, 1835..........0sesseceeeevees Pays is:
Keeni (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 12, f. 164, 1870.
- O. sanguinelenta, Lam.
Keenii (Marginella), Marrat. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., vii, 141,
else: ef elisa Allee steceesaveies sos ecicwetneeeeeees Daveceeens sbestacsessgenaeseeteee 29

, ——_ a

INDEX. 21

PAGE
Kieneria (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 25, f. 19, 20.
2? = C. Sagra, d’Orb.

Kieneriana (Marginella), Petit. Mag. de Zool., t. 110, 1838..............64 37
Kirostra (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 11, f 1, 2................00--+++ 167
Kraussi (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 144, t. 40, f. 180, 181...... 114
Labiata (Marginella), Val. Kiener, Coq. Viv., 35, t. 11, f. 2, 1840?...... gy
Labiosa (Columbella), Sowerby. Genera of Shells, No. {...........-.seeeeeee 106

Labradorensis (Oliva), Bolten. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 11, f. 146-148.

— O. funebralis, Lam.
_Labrosa (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 239, 1870........0....scuseeeee 28
Labuensis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 25, t. 19, f. 311, 312, 1871.. 89
Lacertina (Oliva), Quoy. Voy. Uranie et Phys. Zoo., 432, t. 72, f. 4, 5.

— O. inflata, Lam.

Lachrimula (Marginella), Gould. Bost. Proc., viii, 281, 1862............... 44
Lachryma (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon, f. 159, 1865.................. 43
Lachryma (Columbella), Gaskoin. Reeve, Icon., f. 125, 1858 ...........+.. 165
Lachryma (Erato), Gray. Descriptive Cat., 17, 1852..................0eseceee 8

Lactea (Columbella), Phil. Hnum. Moll. Sicil., i, 225, 1856.
= C. scripta, Linn.

Lactea (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 81, 1385, 1865.
— M. subtriplicata, d’Orb.

Lactes (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 42, t. 13, f. 3, ? 1840.............. 49
Lactea (Oliva), Marr. Thes. Conch., p. 30, f. 376, 1871. —O.nivea, Marr.
Lactea (Columbella), Ducios. Monogr., pl. 1, f. 3,-4..............sececeseesers 149

Lactea (Columbella), Kiener. Reeve, Conch Ice., xi, pl. xxi, f. 120, 1858.

— U. Babbi, Tryon.
Lactea (Erato), Hutton. Manual of N. Zeal. Mollusca, 63, 1880.

— Margineila fourmicula, Lam
Lactescens (Columbella), Souv. Jour. de Conch., 1866, p. 144, pl. 6, f. 5.

— C. pardalina, Lam.
Leta (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 44, t. 8, f. 2. — M. Oliveeformis, Kien.
Leta (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Lin. Soc. N.S. W , i, p., 232, 1877.... 140
Levigata (Pisania), Bivona. Nuove Gen. — Columbella scripta, Linn.
Levigata (Columbella), Linn. Syst. Nat., 3497 (Gmelin ed.)................ 113
Leevilabris (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 21, — M. taba, Linn.
Levis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 26, t. 20, f. 580, 331, 1871.

— O. mustellina, Lam.

Levis (Erato), Donovan. Bri‘. Shells, v, t. 165, 1803.............csseceeeceeee 9
Lafresnayi (Columbella), Fischer et Bern. Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., i,
da7, t. 12, f. 4, 5, 1857. = C. avara, Say.

Lamarckii (Hiatula), Swainson. Zool. ll., 2d ser., ii, t. 76, fig. 2.

= Oliva hiatula, Gmelin.
Lamprodoma, Swainson. Malacol, 132, 321,.1840. S. G. of Oliva...... 60, 72
Lanceolata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1882, p. 116.

— C. recurva, Sowb.
Lanceolata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 30, f. 95, a-b, 1850,

— O. lepta, Duclos.
Lantzi (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 15, t. 7, f. 5. —M. Nevilli, Jouss.
Largillierti (Marginella), Kiener. Cog. Viv, 45, t. 11, f. 8. ? 1840...... 47
Lauta (Engina), Reeve. Ricinula, Conch. Ic., pl. 4, sp. 24, 1846.

— KE. alveolata, Kiener.
Lavalleana (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 20, f. 38. — M. minuta, Pfr.
Leai (Egouena), Jousseaume. Monogr. Marg., 37.

— Marginella labrosa, Redtield.
Lecoquiana (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germ. Rev. crit., p. 48, t.2, £.20, a-c. 77

*

299 INDEX.

PAGE.

Lefevrei (Marginella), Bernardi. Jour. de Conch., iv, 360, t. 12, f. 11,
IIR Kc BS ee seeancaenon ancOno np Go eRe DRE EE COCORDDHGO Go cosdconsadasestoroncnnestcucan=nc coc 41
Legrandi (Columbella), Woods. “Pro. Roy) Soc. Das., U875;p. lo2seernaee 137
Lentiginosa (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 240, 1859 Se oeesinas seein 170

Lentiginosa (Columbella), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 39, 1844.

— ©. atramentaria, Sowb.
Lentiginosa (Oliva), Rve. Conch. Ic., t. 19, f. 45, a-b. — O. Duclosi, Rve.
Leontocroma (Murex), Brusina (1866). = Columbella Greci, Phil.
Lepida (Marginella), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 384, 1860..............0sse00es 55
Lepida (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 18, f. 8, 4. Fossil.
Lepida (Oliva), Ducl. Monogr., t. 25, f. 15-20, 1835. — O. sidelia, Duel.
Lepta (Oliva); Duclos. Monogr., t. Uf 75285 USS s.scssceneceterencteemeeeees 69
Leptopus (Pseudomarginella), Carriere. Zeit. Wiss. Zool., xxxvii, 99, 1882.

= Marginella glabella, Linn.

Leucophwa (Oliva), Lam. Enc. Méth., pl. 363, f. 2, — O. guttata, Lam.
EUG AEG? (Erato), Gould. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vi, 386, t. 14, f. 20,

1853. — #. columbella, Menke.
Leucostoma (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 27, f. ? 14-16, 1835.

— O. funebralis, Lam.
Leucostoma (Coiumbella), Gaskoin: Pro Zoo: 'Soc:, lai ipy deeneceseeeeenes 114
Leucozia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 22, f. 5, 6.

— E. astricta, Reeve.
Leucozona (Oliva), Adams et Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lon., 1863, p. 422,

GOT Pe 2B. aes sciess cies vecwasdou nn. seceneie seoscemesseesnsacecnese cece ee E eee ae 72
Leucozonias (Oliva), Gray, in Zool. Beechey’s Voy., p. 130. (1856)......... 69
Levania (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 22, f. 7, 8.

? = C. atrata, Gould.

Lienardi (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 67. — M. secalina, Phil.

Lienardii (Oliva), Bernardi. Jour. Conch., 2 ser., iii, p. 202, pl. x, f. 4,
L858 «oc. .ccsicnerisccons osjecs sa'cdvas as deeat dodeeccwad cues secs anteesk <cee lute mee Rae ee eaaea oH

Lifouana (Marginella), Crosse. Jour. de Conch , 205, 1871; 63, t. 2, f. 2,
VST Dao eae ese sees sddeodeccotesecseceacincs oa ecewencoceeuseneesse: eaten == aa 23

Ligata (Harpa) (Menke), Sutor. Jahrb. Mal. Gesell., iv, 107, 1877.

— H. conoidalis, Lam.
Lignaria (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 14, f. 195, 196, 1870.

— O. irisans, Lam., var. concinna.
Ligneola (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 21, f. 57, 1850..........0---ss-saeneses 86
Ligula (Columbella), Ducl. ~Monogr ,. pl. 11, £. 11—16........2..-ccsnseeeseees 119
Lilacina (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 402, t. 78, f. 176,177, 1846. 47
Limata (Columbella), Say. H. and A. Adams, Genera, i, 187.

— C. lunata, Say.
Limbata (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 356, 1822.. re!
Lincolnensis (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 29, f. 184, "1859... - 126
Lineata (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 361, 1822.

—= M. cingulata, Dillw.
Lineata (Ancillaria), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 16, t. 3, f. 2.

— A. marginata, Lam.

Lineata (Columbella), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc , 1860, p. 3899.....-.0206seseeeees 138

Lineata (Engina), Reeve. Conch. Ic., Ricinula, pl. 6, sp. 51, 1846......... 194

Lineata (Amphissa), Stearns. Cal. Proc., iv, t. 1, f. 8, v, Note at com-
mencement. — Var. of A. versicolor, Dall.

Lineato-labrum (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc., 20, 1849.
— M. rosea, Lam.
Lineolata (Ancillaria), A. Adams. P. Z. S., 1851, p. 271.
-O, acuminata, Sowb.

INDEX. 293

PAGE
Lineolata (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 57, pl. 13, f. 3.

— C. Terpsichore. Sowb.
Lineolata (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 132. — C. Marquesana, Gask.
Lineolata (Columbella), Pease. Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,

b, 21S Aeraendacsoodcsecopececccoccodncrccocouc DBO npRbbenadiapopooTtIoenOURGCBDOOIOG 188

Lineolata (Oliva), Gray. “Zool. in Beechey’s Voy., p. 131.
— O. dama, Mawe.
Linigera (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, Conch. I1lust., t opto lomulta eee. 174
Linnzxi (Buccinum), Payraudeau. Moll. Corse, 161, t. 8, f. 10-12.
— Columbella scripta, Linn.
Lintricula, H. and A. Adams. Genera Recent Moll., i, 141, 1855.
= Olivancillaria, d’Orb.
Lischkei (Columbella), Smith. Pro. Zoo. Soc , 1879, p. 207, pl. 20, f. 41. 147

Litterata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 315......0eeeceeeeeeeee eee e eee 83
Liturata (Marginella), Menke. Moll. Nov. Holl.. Deke liteX: ionesgaceoabcoonnad 21
Livescens (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 24. f. 148, 1859........ 118
Livida (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 117....-.seee eeeeeeeev ee 198
Livida ( Marginella), Hinds.” Zool. Proc., 78, 1844. —M. apicina, Menke.
Livida (Marginella), Rve. Conch. Ic., f. 10', 1865. — M.avena, Val.
Loebbeckeana (Marginella), Weinkautf. Kiister, 3 33, i etsy Les
S—eMPvellegans, Ginelim... 2... -.cccccecs cece cosensenecmracese-nsessanerasareessseot ees 198

Longivaricosa (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 358, 1822.
— M. guttata, Dillw.
Loroisii (Marginella), Bernardi. Jour. de Conch., v, 291, t. 8, f 6, 7,

1857. — M. marginata, Born, minor.
Lubrica (Oliva), Solander. — O. nivea, Gmel
Lucia (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull Soc. Zovl., i, 269, t.5, f. 11-18,
1°3'7) 7 scockcann oadoaussonaoacadod Sarcedcad sendydadodnonesnoccccodo0 jade aspapsroauson corded a 1215)
Lucida (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 205, 1877............ 48

i
Lugubris (Columbella), Kien. Coq. Viv., 28, pl. 8, f.2. =C. flava, Brug.
Lugubris (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 3 aie

— O. episcopalis, Lam.
Lumbricus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 29, f..186, 1859.
Lunata (Columbella), Say. Jour. Philad. Acad., v, 212, 1826............... 130
Lutaria (Oliva), Bolten. Marrat, Thes. Conch, t. 20, f. 316-318.

= O. acuminata, Lam.
Lutea (Columbella), Qnoy. Voy. de l’Astr., pl. 40, f. 25, 24.

?—U. semiconvexa, Lam.
Lutea (Oliva), Marrat. ThesgConch., p. 40, t. 24, f 444, 445, 1871.

? =O. funebralis, Lam.
Luteola (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 12, pl 4, f. 2.

—C. rustica, Linn.
Luteola (Vliva), Lam. Anpr. du Mus., xvi, p. 323. — O. hiatula, Gmelin.
Lyra, Griffith. Cuvier’s An, Kingdom, xii, 234, 1884. — Harpa, Lam.
Lyrata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zool. Soc., S34, Dall deinen eodeosonc 164
Lysidia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 26, f. 15, 16.

— Pleurotoma.
Lysiska (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch,, t. 7, f. 17, 18.

= C. varians, Sowb.

Macleaya (Oliva), Duclos. Monog.,t 21, f. 12-16. —O. Bd Lam.

Macrostoma (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 87, sp. 2857. Reeve,
Icon., f. 49. —C. costellata, Sowb.

Macrostoma (Conus), Anton. Reeve, Icon. Meta., f. 1, 1859
—Columbella Philippinarum, var. cedo-nulli.

Maculata (Oliva), Duclos. Oliv., t. 15, f. 1-6. —O. guttata, Lam.

224 INDEX.

PAGE.
Maculata (Ancilla), Schumacher. Nouv. Syst., p. 244.

— Oliva hiatula, @melin
Maculata, var. (Columbella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., v, p. 76, pl. viii,

fig. 12. — Var. of Engina lineata, Reeve.
Maculosa (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 26, t. 9, f. 40, 1834............ 37
Maculosa (Marginella), Rve. Icon., f. 65, 1865. —=M. caleulus, Redf.
Maculosa (Oliva), Swain. —O. hiatula, Gmel.
Maculosa (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1832, f. 116............... 186

Maculosa (Columbella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p 22, 1871.
— C. lineolata (Pse ), Brazier.
Magna (Marginella), Swain. Blight, Cat. App., 12. = M. bullata, Born.
Magnifica (Oliva), Ducros. de,St. Germain. Revue, p. 30, t. 1, f, 4, a-d.
— O. erythrostoma, Lam.
Major (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1852, p. 119.
— C. Strombiformis, Lam.
Major, var. (Columbella). Phil. Moll. Sicil., i, 225, 1836. ;
= ©. scripta, Linn.
Mamillata (Ancillaria), Hinds, Voy. Sulphur, Moll, t. 11, f. 7, 8.
— A. rubiginosa, Swains.
Manceli (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog.,, t. 8, f. 4, 1875.
—M. sarda Kiener
Mandarina (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 1, f. 19, 20, 1835.............--...... 56
Mangelioides (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ie, xi, pl. 30, f. 197, 1859.. 149
Mantichora (Oliva) Duclos in Chenu, Conch. I1l., t. 16, f. 7, 8.
O. guttata, Lam.

Marchii (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 72, ex parte. — M. elegans, Gml.
Margarita (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 15, t. 9, f. 42, 1834............ 25
Margarita (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 27, f. 168, 1859....... 12
Margaritula (Marginella), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 462, 1857............0+. 41
Marginata (Marginella), Born. Mus., 220, t. 9, f. 5, 6, 1780............006 28

Marginata (Volvaria), Bivona. Nuove Gen., 24, t. 3, f. 5,
— Marginella clandestina, Brocchi.
Marginata (Erato), Morch. Malak. Blitt., vii, 85, 1860.
= FB. columbella, Menke.is..s saz scsucastseossccvcces veschaase doses ene se ease eereeee 10
Marginata (Ancilla), Sowerby. Gen. of sh, f. 1.
— Ancillaria cinnamomea, Lam.
Marginata (Voluta), Wood. Index Test. Suppl.,t. 3, f. 8, 1828.
— Marginella bifasciata, Lam.

Marginata (Ancillaria), Lam. Ann. du. Mus., xvi, p. 304...... ioedeceeeemare 96
Marginelia, Lamarck. Prodr., 1799, Syst. Anfm., 75, 1801......00.ss00008 Pere
Marginellide, Redfield: (Cat. Coll) Marg. 18bileec.c.se-cosseeeceemeteeeeaeeee 5

Marie (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 50, t. 2, f. 26, a, b.

? O araneosa, Lam., var. Juliette.
Mariz (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., i, p. 2380, 1877.. 139
Mariei ( Warginella), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 177, t. 5, f. 2, 1867......... 46
Marminii (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 4, f. 15,16. Fossil.
Marmorata (Columbella), Gray. Beechey’s Voy., p. 129, t. 36, f. 11,1839. 181

Marmorata (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 9, f. 32, a, b, 1864......... 2 as
Marmorea (Columbella), Brusina. Verhandl. Zoo. Bot., Ges. Wien, p. 9.
tS (9 1 hopepnpisecoon cob adonan doo da ancosDoe aaa AeGEeDesanoanaaaccddacdac SosacAnalassnonoonn {ese 108

O. flammulata, Lam,
Marmorea (Columbella), Brusina. Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell., xv, 9, 1865.
- O. seripta, Linn.
Marquesana (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 8........2..6+ 156
Martensi (Columbella), Lischke. Mal. Blatt., xviii, p. 40, 1871............. 1380

INDEX. 225
PAGE
Martini (Marginella), Petit. Jour. de Conch., 367, t. 11, f. 8, 1853.
— M.prunum, Gmelin.
Maugeriz (Erato), Gray. Desc. Cat., 17, 1832.............cesceecseeceseeces oh, USin
Maura (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 311........6.. ceeeeeeeeceeeeceeeees 78
Maura, pars (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 7, f. 10,a. —O.funebralis, Lam.
Maura (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 117......--......06. 195
Mauritiana (Oliva), Martini. Marrat, Thes. Conch,, t. 10, f. 183-140.
= O. Maura, Lam.
Mauritiana (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch,, p. 3, f. 1, 2, 1830....... 96
Mazaris (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 20, f. 7, 8, 1835.
— O. erythrostoma, Lam.
Mediocincta (Marginella), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 4 ser, xvi,
PMS eeeeesnacn tec tesc cies oods seis ccccsasslesacsactsiaseccsirclecesees Seco e sees 52, 198
Megalostoma (Oliva), Meuschen. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 21, figs. 336—
340. — O. hiatula, Gmelin. :
Melanida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Il]. Conch., t. 19, f. 7, 8.
Melchersi (Oliva), Menke. Zeitschrift fiir Mal., 1851, p. 24.
— QO. araneosa, Lam.
Meleagris (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 4, f. 15, 16.
= C. fuscata, Sow.
Memnonia (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. IL, t. 17, f. 19. 20.
— O. reticularis, Lam.
Menaletta (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 15, f. 3, 4.......... 160
Mendicaria (Columbella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit. xii, 119]............ssee. 196
Menkeana (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xii, pl. xiv, No. 69, 1858..... 120
Mercatoria (Volumbella), Linn. Syst. Nat., 8446 (Gmelin edit.)............ 106
Mercatoria (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 17, f. 268, 269, 1871.
— O. fusiformis, Lam.
Merita (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc, N.S. W., i, p. 231, 1877. 146
MIBtHeecevier: CONCH. LEON XT ml GOO ns cecceccceccsem cress: som neeccacesacccesn.s 102, 1838
Metanira (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Il. Conch., t. 18, f. 19, 20. Fossil.
Metcalfei (Marginella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 178, t. 26, f. 9, 1877.
— M. Australis, Hinds.
Mexicana (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 60, t. 8, f. 9.........sseeees 50
Mexicana (Harpa), Auct. Reeve, Icon., sp. 9. — H. crenata, Swainson.
Mica (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 1, f. 11, 12, 1835,
? = O. Verreauxi, Ducr. :
Mica (Oliva), Marrat (not Duclos). Thes. Conch., f. 408.
— O. petiolita, Duclos.
Micana, Gray. Zool. Proc., 40, 1858. — Olivella, Swains.
Micans (Marginella), Petit Jour. de Conch., 48, t.1, f. 15, 16, 1851...... 49
MIR WOlUTDElIS), PCBS0,.--.<..-0- <0,” cocnscedcseavancaccrnarecasseccness reeness os 124
Micans (Voluta), Solander MS. Dillwyn, Cat., i, p. 521.
= Oliva nana, Lam.
Microscopica (Marginella), Tapparone-Canefri. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa,
AMMO MMS Osc cac eco tsscoce necsce ochoamsen tocer sets cpassicsnis vais ociee losis sieeec ee senitae 55
Microspira, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, 66, 1868. — Marginella, Lam. 16
Micula (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 468, 1871.
— QO. mutica, var. nitidula.
Millepunctata (Columbella), Carp. Ann. N. H., 1864, p. 48......... se) L1ls, 198

Millepunctata (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 25, f. 1-3. — O. nana, Lam.
Miliacea (Volvaria), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 364, 1822.

—= Marginella miliaria, Linn.
Miliacea (Marginella), Var. Kiener, Coq. Viv., 20, t. 6, f. 26, 1834,

— M. oryza, Lam.

29

226 INDEX.

: PAGE,
Miliacea (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 39, f. 441, 1871.
— O. nivea, Gmelin.
Miliaria (Marginella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit. x, 730, 1758..........+2ss000 42
Miliaria (Voluta), Dillw. Dese. Cat., 524, 1817.
— Marginella oryza, Lam.
Miliola (Oliva), d’Orb. Mol. Cuba, ii, 108, t. 21, f. 20, 22.
— M. mutica, var. nitidula, juv.
Miltostoma (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Soe. Tas., 1876, p. 154.
— C. semiconvexa, Lam., var. minor.
Mindorensis (Columbella), Gaskoin. Reeve, Icon., sp. 193, 1859........+. . 148
Miniata (Oliva), Bolten. —O. erythrostoma, Lam.
Minima (Marginella), Guilding. Sowb., Thes. Conch., i, 388, t. 78, f. 220,
1846. —M. minuta, Pfr.

Minor (Mitrella), Scacchi. Conch. Regne Nap., 10, f. 11, 1836............ 142
Minor (Marginella), C. B. Adams. Ann. N. Y. Lyce., v, 264, 1852......... 44
Minor (Harpa), Lam. X (Nat. His ), p. 133, Sp. 7.......ce.seeeeeensereeenceere 99
Minuscula (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 131, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860....... «LE
Minuta (Marginella), Pfeiffer. Wiegmann’s Archiv, i, 259, 1840......... 43

Minuta (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 152.
—C. Tenisoni, Tryon.

Minuta (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 130, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860............:- ies
Minuta (Erato), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 11, 1865..................-.eseeeeeeee 10
Minutissima (Marginella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania,

Di SMO assecesdetsecortesesssunceseaaeeae cence oseeessaaaaceatatee seta ese 56

Mirabilis (Marginella), Barclay. Proc. Zool. Soc., 273, t. 19, f. 6, 1869.

— M. obtusa, Sowb.
Miser (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 129, pl. 38, f. 111.

— C.- zebra, Gray.
Mitreeformis (Columbella), King Zoo. Journ. —C. cribraria, Lam.
Mitrata (Columbella), Menke. Moll. Nov. Hollandizw, 1845................ . 112
Mitrella (Voluta), Risso. Hist Nat. Eur. Merid., 1826

? — Marginella secalina, Phil.

Mitrella, Kisso:” (Hist. Nats, 24776 1 G26. .secsces cece ce cece ole osteecisemactenete LOZ uy
Mitreola (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., pl. 4, f. 1, 2, fossil. ‘
Mitropsis, Pease. Am Jour: (Conehe, ii, 211) 1S6ii.c-c..csceenee-eeeseeeee 102, 180

Mitrula (Buccinum), Dunker. Philippi Abbild., iii, Buce., t. 2, f. 9.

— Columbella catenata, Sowb.
Modesta (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 22, pl. 11, f. 2.

—C rustica, Linn.
Modesta (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 26, f. 83, a, b, 1850.

— . acuminata, Lam.
Meesta (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Cat. Shells Panama, p. 94 .........+.+. 146
Moleculina (Columbella), Duclos. Monog., pl. 9, f. 1, 2.......ssceeeeeceeres 117
Monilifera (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 10, f. 36, a, b.

= 0. marginata, Lam.

Monilifera (Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1860, p. 142. ......ecer-.se-eeee 190
Monilifera (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 53........ Seeeaeee 149

Monilifera (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 27, f. 84, a, b, 1850.
— O. nivea, Gmelin.
Monilis (Voluta), var. 8, Gmelin: Syst. Nat , 3444, 1788.
— Marginella oryza, Lam.
Monilis (Marginella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit. x, 730, 1758...........:0e00+s 41
Monilis (Marginella), Wood. Index Test., t. 19, f. 54, 1828.
— M. exilis, Gmelin.
Monilis (Murex), Meuschen. Mus. Gevers, 328, 1787.
— Marginella elegans, Gmel.

es

INDEX. 227

PAGE,
Monilis (Marginella), Wood. Index Test., t. 19, f. 53, 1828.
—M. pulchella, Kiener.
Monoptygma, Lea (in part, not Gray). Contrib. Geol., 1833.............4 oll, Sil
Montrouzieri (Ancillaria), Sowb. Jour. Conch., viii, p. 207, 324, t.11,f.3. 94
MOrchii (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 244, 1870..............:scseeeee 56

Mosaica (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 381, t. 75, f. 68, 59, 1846. 18
Mucronata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 17, f. 274-275.
— O. sidelia, Ducl.
Mucronata (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch., p. 8.
? — A. australis, Sowb.
Multicostata (Harpa), J. & G. B. Sowerby. Gen. of Shells, f. 1.
— H. costata, Linn.
Multilineata (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846.............. MepacopoOt 36
Multiplicata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 20, f. 52, a, b, 1850.
— O. litterata, Lam.
Multivoluta (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 26, f. 168, 1859...... 156
Muralis (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 76, 1844.
— M. maculosa, Kiener.
Musca (Marginella), Defrance. Dict. Sc. Nat., xxix, 148, 1823.
= M. musearia, Lam.
Muscaria (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 359, 1822.
— M. formicula, Lam.
Muscaria (Marginella), Costa. Cat. Test. Sicil., 738, 1829.
= Erato levis, Donov.

Musica (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 73, 1844............ceecssesesessevees Hy
Mustellina (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 316...........cccsscccescoeees 78
Mustellina (Marginella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 14, 1871, t. 1, f. 5............ 48
Mutica (Oliva), Say. Jour. Acad. Sc., Phila., ii, p. 228, 1822............... 64

Mutica, pars (Oliva) (Say), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 3, f. 86, a—b.
— O. Verreauxi, Ducros.

Mygdonia (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 6, f. 28, 24.
— O. jaspidea, Gmelin.

Myriadina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 5, f. 1, 2, 1885........... aoccaooD Ace 68
Myriadina (Oliva), Marrat (not Duclos). Thes. Conch., f. 440, 1871.
=m OMETULV EA WERINECLiN ee, soee he ecare coe ence sane emeceaeiee accra owoden smear ea tenets 68

Nablium (Harpa), Martini, f. 1092. — H. conoidalis, Lam.
Nana (Erato), Duclos. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 18, 1865...........cssceeceeees Hh
Nana (Columbella), Loven. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv.

— Thesbia (Pleurotomide).
Nana (Columbella), Michaud. Duclos, Monogr., pl. 8, f. 4-6.

— C. varians, Sowb.
Nana (Columbella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., xviii, p. 157, 1871.........s0.sccccnees 172
Nana (Voluta), Dillwyn. Desc. Cat., i, 536. ? — Engina lineata, Rve.
Nana (Oliva), var. b, Lam. Ann. du. Mus., xvi, p. 326.

= O. mutica, Say, var. nitidula, Dill.
Nana (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 205, 1877,.......e.cs008 56
Nana (Oliva), Lamarck. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 326.........ccceseeeee HepoBO00C 91
Nasioletta (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 13, f. 15, 16. Fossil.
Nasuta (Columbella), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3455. —C. scripta, Linn.

Nasuta (Columbella), Gmelin. Brusina, Contr., 67. —C. scripta, Linn.
Nasuta (Columbella), Menke. Zeit., 1850, p. 184........ce0sssseeeseececseeeeaee 136
Natalia (Oliva), Duclos, in Chenu, t. 21, f. 17, 18. —O. Duclosi, Reeve.

Navicella (Marginelia), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 20, f. 103, 1865.
= M. rubella, C. B. Ad.
Naxia (Columbella), Duclos. Monog., pl. 13, f. 1, 2. Fossil.

2298 INDEX.

PAGE.
Nebulosa (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 150; Bost. Proc., vii, 1882........... wel
Nebulosa (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p. 436.............06 seem seeeeenes 3898
Nedulina (Oliva), Duclos. Monog,, t. 5, f. 13, 14, 1835.

— QQ. undatella, Lam. ‘

Neglecta (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 390, t. 76, f. 185, 136, 1846. 27
Neostina (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 19, fol 16, 1835.. Boa te
Neptunia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, III. Conch., t. 26, f. 19, 20... Feces 175
Nevilli (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 28....... AD BESHONGHEOIN enone I 24
Nevilli (Columbella), Tryon... .....s0...--00+ sessseceernescecerscnene snaanscccenerneren 178
Newcombi (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 5, f. 15, a, abl 1864.

—M. Petitii, Duval.

Nigellus (Cylindrus), Meuschen. — Oliva maura, Lam.
Nigricans (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p, 52.......06 sseeeee . 168
Nigricostata (Columbella), KE. A. Smith. Pb. Z.S., 1898, « D- 807, pl. 50,

18 (Gs pancobocoonucdccooosgeccaSbononpacdnscoco0NO npoone anobonodOsSIo0onAdoDIOO AecaaTACS 155, 198
Nigrofusca (Columbella), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 509, 1857............... 178
Nigropunctata (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1852, p. 117..........+6 156
Nisitella (Columbella), Duclos. Momnogr., pl. 7, f. 9, 10................0seseee 170

Nitellina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 3, f. 1, 2, 1835
— O. hiatula, Gmelin.

Nitens (Oliva), Dunker MS. in Mus. Godeffroy’s Cat., iv, p. 83, and v,
p. 117. =O. simplex, Pease.

Nitida (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 75, 1844

Ce gy

Nitida (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 271........... ... cece saaetee
Nitidella; Swainson. Malacols 3135 [S40 eeccsces-s-cnencsee seeaaeeeeeee eee 102,
Nitidula (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 10, f. 3,4. —O. paxillus, Reeve.

Nitidula (Oliva), Dillwyn. Desc. Cat., i, p. 521, 1817.

==. MUbICA, Sai) VAT. coco «cine ocisiscist orale lesion selehise ae cee eee se eee eee
Nitidula (Columbella), Sowb. Genera, pl. 40, f. 162. —C. nitida, Lam.
Nivea (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. A. N. 8. Phila., 1861, p. 43.............
Nivea (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 139, pl. 39, f. 151.........
Nivea (Oliva), Gmelin. Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. xiii, p. 3442..................
Nivea (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 87, sp. 2841, 1839............
Nivea (Ancillaria), Swainson. Sowerby, ‘hes. Uonch., f. 64, 65.

— A. balteata, Swainson.
Nivea (Marginella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., 56, 1850. — nivosa, Hinds.
Niveomarginata (Columbella), Smith. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1879, p. 208, t. 20,

ff ADs wc sseiewaadeedinotocsectiten susdeekaccba ne sedluacnuae testes teens eec eee eee eee EEE
Nivosa (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 26, f. 166, 1859.

— ©. versicolor, Sowb.
Nivosa (Marginella); Hinds.) Zool. Broc:, 74) 18445. ...-cecestssceeesesteereee
Nivosa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 17, f. 276; t. 25, f 472.

— UV. reticularis, Lam.
Nobilis (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat; x; p. 132 escccen--.cs-aeaeseecneeteeeneneaeee
Nobilis (Oliva), Rve. Conch. Ie., t. 2, f. 8, 1850. —O.tremulina, Lam.
Nodalina (Columbella), Ducl. Monogr., pl. 3, f. 5,6. —C. fuscata, Sow.
Nodata (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 78, 1844..........--ssssseesscceevess
Nodicostata (Columbella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., 1ii, p. 274, pl. 23,

£28, L867. vcvcccsactswcasee'a ends des cle slenac sven ct cceidecmenaeboaee cee Teen eee RCE eae
Nodulosa (Columbella), Nuttall. Jay, Cat. Shells, 3d edit., p. 90.

— C. varians, Sowb.
Nodulosa (Engina), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., v, p. 71, pl. viii, f. 11, 1870.
Nota (Oliva), Mar. Thes. Conch., t. 23, f. 428, 1871. =O. baetica, Carp.
Noviezelandica (Ancillaria), Sowb. ‘hes. Conch., 65, t. 3, f. 48, 49.

VU. Sinensis, Sowb.

146

32

INDEX. 999

Nubeculata (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 356, 1822.

— M. pyrum, Gronov.
Nubeculata (Marginella), Guerin. Icon. Regne Anim., i, 33, t. 165 f 15 ?

— M. rosea, Lam.
Nubeculata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 37, f. 234, 1859...... 140
Nucleus (Columbella), hiener. Coq. Viv., 14, pl. 3, f. 4.

—= C. rustica, Linn.
Numicia (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, Il. Conch., t. 26, f. 9, 10......-...00+ 191
Nux (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 35, f. 227, 1859.

= C. pulla, Gask.
Nux (Oliva), Wood. Ind. Test. Suppl., t. 4, f. 33. — O. biplicata, Sowb.
Nycteis (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, Conch. Ilust., t. 17, f. 5-8.........-.- 151
Nympha (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 33, pl. 10, f. 4......::.seesseeeeee 142
Nympha (Oliva), Adams et Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc, Lon., 1863, p. 422..... 72

Obesa (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ii, 2, 1845. 169
Obesa (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 65, t. 8, f 44, 45.

= O. marginata, Lam.
Obesa (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lyc., iv, 164, t. 10, f.5, 1846. 37
Obesa (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 397, t. 76, f. 91, 92, 1846.

— OM. pyrulata, redfield.
Obesina (Oliva), Ducl. Monogr., t. 16, f. 9-11, 1835 (in part).

—= O. tusiformis, Lam.
Obesina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 16, f. 9-11, 1835.

— O. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliette.
Oblita (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic, xi, pl. 31, f. 202, 1859............ 123
Oblonga (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch., p. 7, f. 38, 39.

— O. marginata, Lam.
Oblonga (Harpa), Schm. — H. minor, Lam.
Oblonga (Marginella), Swains. Zool. Ill., 2 ser., i, t. 44, f. 1, 1829....52, 198
Oblonga (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 14, 1870.

—= QO. araneosa, Lam.
Obscura (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 121, t. 37, f. 70, 71.

— C. pardalina, Lam.

Obscura (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon.. f. 132, 1865.............0..s000 52
Obsoleta (Columbella), Carp. Mazat. Cat., 495, 1857. —C. cervinetta, var.
Obtusa (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1859, p. 117...........0e000 181

Ubtusa (Ancillaria), Swainson. Jour. Se., xvili, p. 282.
? — A. australis, Sowb.
Obtusa (Marginella),Sowb. Zool. Proc., 254, 1870. — M. sexplicata, Dkr.
Obtusa (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 874, t. 74, f. 11, 12, 1846.. 20
Obtusaria (Oliva), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., x, p. 628.
— O. irisans, var. tremulina.
Oeculta (Marginella), Monterosato, Test. nuovi dei mari di Sicilia, 1869. 40
Ocellata (Voluta), Gmelin. Syst. Nat , p. 3455.
— Columbella cribraria, Lam.
Ocellata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 37, f. 287......
Ochracea (Marginella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 14, t. 1, f. 6, 1871.
— M. australis, Hinds.
Ochrostoma (Sistrum), var. rufonotatum, Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d
Ser., xiv, 48, 1864. Engina pulchra, Reeve.
Octavia (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, Il. Conch, t. 28, f. 21, 22.
— O. neostina, Duclos.
Odoricyi (Marginella), Bernardi, Jour. de Conch., iii, 59, t. 2, f.6,7,1852. 31
Wives bruruiere. Encyc. Méth., 1, xv, 1798.........-0soseodenssreseaon 60, 72, 73
Oliva (Voluta), T. Dillw. Recent Shells, 513. — Oliva flammulata, Lam.

Scoceoanocne _IIAES

230 INDEX.

PAGE.
Oliva (Voluta), part, Dillw. R.S8., 521, 1817. Oliva maura, Lam.
Olivacea (Oliva), Meuschen. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 4, f. 46, 47, 51-53.

). reticularis, Lam.

Oliveeformis (Marginella) Kiener. Coq. Viv., 12, t. 8, f. 36, 1854........ 33
Olivancillaria, d’Orb. Voy. Am. Merid., 420, 1839.

SiG of Olivay (Brg. cassccccanicledoese sctseenwcmeitetesen Gee nnanne a eeenetee 60, 90
Olivaria, Rafinesque. Anal. Nat., 1815. - Oliva, Brug.
Olivella, Swainson. Elem. Mod. Conch., 1835 ................0.sseceseeesenee 59, 63
Olivella (Marginella), Reeve. Conch Icon., f AAO) LSGH.2oneceeseeeeees Bl. 198

Olivelleformis (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 107, to 1s tes ioe
Olivina, d’Orbigny (not Morch). Voy. Amér. Mérid., 1839.
— Olivella, Swainson.

Olivoidea (Mitra), Cantraine, 1835. — Columbella Greci, Phil.
Olivula, Conrad. Foss. Shells, Tert., 25, t. 10, f. 5, 1832.
SiGe of Amel arias ..cncicckceascjine soc cides see lsleteercete ste letsclete Colle tes ee teeta amet 61

Olorinella (Olivella), Duclos. Monogr., t. 6, f. 15, 16, 1835.
— O. reticularis, Lam.
Olympiadina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 12, f. 10-12.
— Q. irisans, Lam., var. tremulina, Lam.
Onisca (Oliva’, Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 32, f. 7-9.
— QO. fusiformis, Lam.
Onychina (Marginella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 29, t. 10, f. 25,
1850. — M. Bernardii, Largill.
Opalina (Marginella), Stearns. Bost. Proc., xv, 21, 1872..........-.ss0000+-- 23
Ophonia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Il. Conch., t. 16, f. 5, 6.
— C. varia, Sowb.
Orbignyi (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 458......c00-.sseeee seers &8
Oriola (Yliva), Ducl. Monog, t. 10. f. 1, 2, 1835. —O. araneosa, Lam.
Orivla (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., ed. Deshayes, x, 622. —O.ispidula, Linn.
Oriola (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 10, f. 1, 2, 1835 (in part).
- Q. reticularis, Lam. :
Ornata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 138, t. 7, f. 102, 103, 1870.
— Q. irisans, Lam., var. concinna.
Ornata (Columbella), Ravenel. Proc. Elliott Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 281,
1858. Post-pliocene fossil.
Ornata (Citharopsis), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, p. 97, pl. 11, f. 19,
1867. =C. Garretti, Tryon.

Ornata (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 246, 1870.......ssscssecereeeeees 21
Orphia (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 15, f. 1, 2....0........0006 134
Ortigia (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 22, f. 1, 2............... 175
Ortonia (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 26, f. 13, 14............ 175

Oryza (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 11, f. 43, 1864.
= QO. acuminata, Sowb.

Oryza (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 327. —= OQ. nivea, Gmel.

Oryza (Oliva), Ducl. Monogr., t. 1, f. 9, 10. — O. floralia, Duclos.

Oryza (Marginella), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 364, TSP oss coacocnnsceacasac 40

Oryza (Marginella), Pease. Zool. Proc. 147, 1860. == M. debilis, Pease.

Oselmonta (Columbella), Ducl. Monogr., pl. Wgtotds, Waseecwace en sasceteert 198

Osteri (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog, 69, t. 7, f. (feodcnsneacseseaussse20 26

Ostreicola (Columbella), HE. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc.. 119, t. 5, f. 10,
UBE2 ssiaies sdavseoss tess see cGsesscess sles smcasber cmudicesedcicae se eseeee cent saree ataeeenee 169

Othonia (Oliva), Ducl, Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 5, f. 22, 23.
- O. tigrina, Lam.
Ovalis (Ancillaria), Sow. Thes. Conch., 69, t. 4, f, 82, 83.
Young of A. cinnamomea, Lam.

INDEX. 23 1

PAGE
Ovata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 18, f. 281, 282, 1871.
— O. Deshayesiana, Duclos.
Ovata (Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc. 1865, p. 513.
= E. funiculata, Reeve.
Ovulata (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, p. 295, No. 11... .se.. e+ 181

Ovuloides (Meta), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., p. 53. —C. ovulata, Lam.
Ovuliformis (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 101, t. 20, f. 33-35, 18538? 41
Ovulum (Marginella), Sowb. ‘hes. Conch., i, 401, t. 78, f. 188, 1846..... 40
Ovum (Marginella), Reeve. Couch. Icon., f. 89, 1865.

—M. Largillierti, Kiener.

Oxillia (Columbella), Duclos. cre Conch US tesnte lei tao eel Ol eeaces 174
Ozodona (Oliva), Ducios. Monogr,, t. 5, f. 19, 20. -O. paxillus, Reeve.
Pachybatron, Gaskoin. — Cassidide.

Pachydermata (Columbella), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 507, 1857.

— (C. varia, Sowb.

Pacifica (Marginella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 280, t. 25, f. 20, 1868. 39
Pacifica (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 15, t. 11, f. 151, 1870.

— 0. mustellina, Lam. :
Pacifica (Columbella), Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 4. C. zebra, Gray.
Padonosta (Columbella), Ducl. Monogr., pl. 6, f.3, 4. — C. pardalis, Lam.
Pallescens(Columbella), Wimmer. Sitz. A. K. Wiss. Wien, 80, pl.v, p. 481.

C. fuseata, Sowb.
Palliata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., Ind+x. O. rubra, Marrat.
Pallida (Oliva), Marrat. Index, Thes. Conch.. 45. —O.nivosa, Marrat.
Pallida (Oliva), Swainson. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 21, f. 541-343.
— O. hiatula, Gmelin.

Pallida (Bulla). Linn. Syst. Nat, edit. x, 1758. — Marginella............. 48
Pallida (Columbella), Philippi. Menke, Zeit., 1846, p, 53..........-.ssseeee 111

Pallida (Columbella), Desh. in Lam. Anim. s. Vert., 2 vol., x, p. 278.
— (©. varians, Sowb.
Pallidula (Marginella), Dunker. Mal. Blatt., xviii, 158, 1871...........068 56
Pallidus (Murex), Meuschen. Mus. Gevers., 328, 1787.
— Marginella pyrum, Gronov.
Palmerina (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 1, f. 15, 16; t. 10,
f.16. =—C. pardalina, Lam.
Palumbina (Columbella), Gould. Pro. Bos. 8. N. H., ii, p. 27.
— C. turturina, Lam.
Pamila (Columbelia), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 22, f. 11, 12.
= C. parva, Sowb.
Panamensis (Erato), Carpenter. Zool. Proc., 162, 1856.

SU COMMMIO NW, MICNIEC. c. canons .csssecnh)ae thee ceveaesescnececucces saadercs-escaecaps 10
Panniculata (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 5, f. 15-18, 1835............seeeee 86
Pantherina (Oliva), Philippi. Abb., xix,1,t.1,f.1. —O.Juliettz, Ducl.
Pardalina (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., X, p. 270.......ssseeseseeenees 108

Pardalis (Uliva), Adams et Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lon., 1863, p. 422,
t. 37, f. 8. —O. triticea, Duclos.

Pariolida (Columbella). Duclos. Monogr., pl. 6, f. 1, 2.
— C. atramentaria, Sowb.

Paros (Closia), Jouss. Monog. Marg., 92, 1872. — Marginella ovum, Rve.
Parva (Engina), Pease. Am. Jour Conch,, iii, p. ae pl 235) fo 1S WS6729195
Parva (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., eee LI Dj oasueneeesswarcee 168
Parvula (Oliva), Martini. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t p22 tase (OomOe

—U. nivea, Gmelin.
Parvulum (Buccinum), Dunk. Zeit. Mal., 64,1847. — Col. cribraria, Lam.

bo
oo
bo

INDEX.

PAGE,

Parvus (Rhumbus), Lister. H. Conch., t. 725, f. 13?, 1685.
= Oliva nivea, Gmelin.
Patagonica (Marginella), von Martens. Sitzb. Berlin, 64, 1881............ 51
Patula (Oliva), Sowerby. Tank. Cat. App., p. 33, No. 28381.
— QO. auricularia, Lam.
Paumotensis (Marginella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 281, t. 23, f.

DIP) lke o te} pagaececcooecozsager sodas) DaoecneEaeodcoaseqgadC sacectecccedssauecdsscedssncenees . d4
Paumotensis) (Columpbella) sry On e.e jane. celtterielt/et ols enellet-eeielecietecesl tee eeeees 180
Pavonina (‘ olumbella). Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulphur, t. 10, f.19, 20, 1844. 185
Paxillus (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon, f. 155, 1865..........0:..00.000e 34
Paxillus (Oliva), Reeve.. Conch. Ic., t. 21, f. 56, a-b, 1850....... oie 85

Paytilida (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 5, f. 11, 12.

— C. Paytensis, Lesson.
Paytensis (Columbella), Lesson. Voy. Coquille, tom. ii, pt. 1, p. 402..... 104
Peasei (Columbella), Martens. Don. Bism., p. 23, 1871.............0 Sasceoees 166
Peasii (Margirella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 108, 1865............0.cecseesese 53
Pedroana (Oliva), Conrad. P. R. R. Rep., v, p. 327, pl. 6, f. 51.
? — O. beetica, Carp.
Pelagia (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 37, f. 288, 1859........... 148
Peleei (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., pl. 5, f. 2, p. 24.

— C. mercatoria, Linn.
Pellicula, Marr. Weinkauff, in Kiister, 123, pats Ee

— M. lucida, Marrat.
Pellonia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t.18, f. 17, 18. Fossil.
Pellucida (Marginella), Pfeiffer. Wiegmann’s Archiv., i, 258, 1840....... 33
Pellucida (Marginella), Schum. Nouv. Syst., 234, 1817.

— M. pallida, Donov.

Pellucida (Erato), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 35, 1878.

? == Marginella infans, Reeve...c..cc...0cccccerescoseners secetscescene asses tee 1
Pellucida (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 27, f. 85, a-b. — O. lepta, Ducl.
Pellucida (Columbella), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1860, p. 399.

— C. rorida, Reeve.

Pellucida (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic, xi., pl, 51, f. 199, 1859........ 138
Pellucida (Erato), Reeve. Conch: cont, f. 16, 1865...--22-.cecscesceseere tee! ag
Pelotina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 2, f. 5, 6.............0cseesceoeee 109
Penicillata (Columbella), Carp. Ann. Nat. Hist., 1865, xv, p. 398......... 177
Petiolita (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 1, f. 21, 22, 18385......... 66

Petiolita (Oliva), Gould. Mex. et Cal. shells, No. 15, Carpenter Report,
p. 231. =O. beetica, Carp.

Petitii (Marginella), Duval. \ Rev. Zool:, 279) US4 1 cen ser ecsceecemeeneenete 19
Peribolus (in part), Adans. Voy. Senegal, 75, 1757. — Marginella, Lam.
Peristera, Rafinesque. Anal. Nat., 1815. - Columbella, Lam.

Perla (Marginella), Marrat. Gino Jour. Colich! 1, TSG SST Gieecceee ences 56

Persicula (Voluta), var. B, Linn. Syst. Nat., 12 edit., 1189, 1769.

— Marginella cingulata, Dillw.
Persicula (Marginella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit. x, 730. 1758.............-. 36
Persicula (Marginella), Sowb. Conch. Man., f. 438, 1839,

- M. cornea, Lam.

Persicula (Voluta), var. Schroeter. Einleit., i, 211, 1783.

— Marginella guttata, Dillw.
Persicula, Schum. Nouv. Syst., 235, 1817. — Marginella, Lam.
Pertusa (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 26, f. 161, 1859.

—C. versicolor, Sowb.
Peruviana (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, e OU ccccecccgecsvesesonseceseen 74
Pfeifferi (Amycla), Phil. Ads. Genera, i, 187. — Nassa, Manual, ae 36.
Phoenospira, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 1844. — Macon Lam.

INDEX. I33

PAGE
Phalena (Buccinum), Lesson. Rev. Cuv., 237, 1842. ? — Engina......... 196
Phasinola (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 8, f. 18-16..............seeeees 106

Philantha (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 20, f. 5, 6, 1835.
— O. irisans, Lam.
Philia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch,, t. 16, f. 3, 4.......0000-.. 134

Philippinarum (Columbella), Reeve. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1842, p. 199..........- 183
Philippinarum (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lyc., iv, 492, t. 17,
TMCMPRL SAS caucsiieescaddscnsosscs<seaccecssaelsiceebncamarsdctereeas vatacnseeoacsee tees 51

Philodicia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Il. Conch., t. 15, f. 7, 8.

= C. psilla, Ducl., var.
Phrygia (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 394, t. 78, f. 218, 219, 1846. 38
Phyiina (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 15, f. 9, 10.......... 5 Lele
Tica (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 310.

— O. irisans, Lam., var. tremulina, Lam.
Picata (Columbella), Swains. Treat. Mal., p. 151, f. 17, a, 1840.

= C. ovulata, Lam.
Picta (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. ae ee 1817. —M. pyrum, Gronov.
Picta (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., _ 26, . 79, 1850.

— O. funebralis. Lam., var.
Picta (Columbella), Reeve. Conck. Ic., xi, pl. 24, f. 146, 1859... poco. P45)
Picturata (Marginella), Nevill. Jour. AG Soc. Bengal, 2 23, 1874; 95, ie 8,

ith yO) dS (Oo scastenencsaousoascaceeoo0n8s,, coconb nd oeucdduddonenoobdne eadodasss bodasovoonct 25
Pindamella (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 33, f. 7, 8.
—. sanguinolenta, Lam,
Pindarina (Oliva), Duclos. -Monogr., t. 16, f. 7, 8, 1835.
=O. araneosa, Lam.
Pindarina, pars (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 5, f. 84 (non Duclos).
=O. venulata, Lam.
Pinguis (Oliva), Solander. — Braziliana, Lam.
Piperita (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 72, 1844. — M. rosea, Lam.
Piperita (Oliva), Marrat. ‘Thes. Conch , t. 23, f. 402, 403, 1871.
—. jaspidea, Gmelin.
Pisum (Marginella). Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 156, 1865........ Chopccoda scan 40
Plana (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 463, 1871............csssserccsceresees 66

Platypus (Pseudomarginella), Carriere. Zeit. Wiss. Zool., xxxvii, 99, 1882.
— Marginella glabella, Linn.
Plicaria (Columbella), Montr. Jour. de Conch., 5d ser., ii, 234, t. 9, f.
SMS OORCeAG su neics Seta htatesceinsnassceeincsletceasscdecsetiececcstssactonceosenseteceas sates 160
Plicatula (Columbella), bunker. Mal. Blatt., xvili, 158, 1871
Plicatulum (Columbella), Dunker. Menke, Zeit., 1858, p. 50.
?—C. pulchella, Kiener.
Plochelza, Gabb. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1872.
== Bo Ge GE Oia IBA ceanacngsecdac sao adenadDbocHe conde coon obecnaDddedcveBRanG bono 60
Plumbea (Marginella), Solander MSS. Dillw., Desc. Cat. Voluta.
—M. prunum, Gmel.
Plurisulcata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 36, f. 233, Beet 148
Plutonida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 16. f. 1, 2......... 144
Peecila (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 118, if Bg te Bill, 52.
== C. varians, Sowb.
Polita (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 10, t. 6, f. 80. 81, 1870............ 84
Folita (Marginella), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 462, 1857..............ssesseeees 44
Polita (Marginella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 280, t. 28, f. 19, 1867.
— M. Peasii, Reeve.
Polita (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 34, f. 221, 1859.
? — C. semiconvexa, Lam,

30

234 INDEX.

PAGE.
Politum (Buccinum), Cantr. Bull. Acad. Brux., ii, 392, 1835.
—= Columbella minor, Se.
Polpasta (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 16, f. 1, 2, 1835
= 0. araneosa, Lam., var.
Polyodonta (Marginella), Velain. Ar. Zoo. Ex., ne 108, 't. 3; fae 2 Siiiemece
Ponderosa (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 13, f. 8, , 1835.

- Q. erythrostoma, Lam. :
Porcata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 30) f. 195; 1859.) 22a LOM
Porcea (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch, p. 6, t. 3, f. 35, 1870.

— (). araneosa, Lam., var. Juliette.
Porcellana (Marginella), Gmelin. Syst. Nat,, 0449; ASS oe ceceseeelenme ce Jee ON
Porcellana (Voluta), Wood. Index Test., t. 19, f. 58, 1828.

— Marginella persicula, Linn.
Porcellana (Voluta), Perry. Conch., at, DV £25 Se

- Marginella elegans, Gmel.

Porcellana (in part), Adan. Voy. Senegal, 55,1757. — Marginella, Lam.
Porcellanella, Conr. Pro. Phil. Acad., 564, 1862. — Marginella, Lam... 16
Porphyreticus (Cylinder), d’ Argenville. — Oliva SoepL aaa Linn.
Porphyria ae) Linn. Syst. Nats U2 edits) WUSiAe cece esoseeseceeemeees 74
Porphyria, Bolten, Mus., 1798. = Strephona, Browne.
Porphyria, Mérch. - Oliva, Brug.
Porphyrities (Oliva) (Martini), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 5, f. 105-110.
- 0, erythrostoma, Lam., Desh.

Poucheti (Marginella), Petit. Jour. de Conch., ii, 46, t. 1, f. 3, 1851

2? — M. glabella, Limn., Var............ccsscesereenscscserensccscecsccsorcnseetaces Wy
Priecallosa (Marginella), Higgins. Marr., Quar. Jour. epee 1, 136, 1876 32
Prayensis (Erato), Rochbrune. Nouv. Arch, Mus. op eNSO Deg Vi, 294, tla

£.Gs UBS. coos ee veccteeatnutins sslestesesesiessasenes ocaeeetnaccse tes cten seat taken 12
Pretrii (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. IIL, t. 16, f. 7, 8........+..+ 144
Procera (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. So., 1832, p. 119. — Cantharus.
Propatula (Oliva), Conrad. Pro. A. N. 8: Phila.., iv, p. 156, 1849; Jour.

AGINGI Ss. Seren tense sminwil O. hiatula, Gmelin

Propingua (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 11, f. 141, 142, 1870.

— Q. funebralis, Lam.
Prosymnia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Il. Conch., t. 26, f. 7, 8
Pruinosa (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 74, 1844.

— M, nivosa, Hinds.
Prunum (Marginella), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3446, 1788.........csecseceseeeeeeeee 29
Prunum (Voluta), in part, Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3446, 1788.

— Marginella amygdala, Kiener.
Prunum (Martini), H.andA. Adams. Genera, i, 191. — Marginella, Lam. 28
Pseudofaba (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846...........eseeeeeeeeeee
Pseudomarginella, Maltzan. Nachrichtsblatt Deutsch. Malak. Gesell., xii,

108, 1880.
Pseudo scripta (Columbella), d’Orb. Prodr., iii, 175. —C. seripta, Linn.
Psilla (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 15, f. 5, 6....... sareccent ib
Pterygia, Link. Mus. Rostock. = Marginella, Lam,
Padica (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W., i, p. 231, 1877.. 189
Pudica (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc., 18, 1849.

M chrysomelina, Redf.

Puelcha (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 4, bis, f. 4-6 (non d’Orb., nee Duclos-

Chenu). = O. tehuelchana, d’Orb.

Puelchana (Oliva), d’Orb. Voy. Amér., 428, t. 49, f. 13-19...............- 70
Puella (Marginella), Gould. Bost. Proe., vii, 385, 1860...........scescsseuee 49

Puella (Columbella), Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 65, 1858,
— ©, conspersa, Gask.

n
a

i ae eee

INDEX. 939

Pulchella (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 27, t. 9, f. 40, 1884............. 38
Pulchella (Columbella), Sowerby. ‘fhes. Conch., i, p. 131, t. 39, f, 121,
122. =—C. elegantula, Morch.
Pulchella (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 5, f. 11, 12, 1835........c.ccssessecere (ial
Pulchella (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 30, f. 98, a, b, 1850.
— O. nivea, Gmelin.

Pulchellum (Buccinum), Kiener. Coq. Viv., t. 18, f.68. — Columbella.. 157
Pulcherrima (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc., 21, 1849.............c000 39
Pulcherrima (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 113 ........ 185

Pulchra (Marginella), Gray. Zool. Beechey’s Voy., 135, t. 36, f. 20,1889. 29
Pulchra (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 37, t. 24, f. 429, 1871.

—= O. Fortunei, Adams.
Pulchra (Engina), Reeve. (Buccinum), Conch. Ic., fig. 80, 1846............ 191
Pulchrior (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Cat. Sh. Panama, p. 94, 1852..... 177
Pulicaria (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 464, 1871.

= O. lepta, Duclos.

Pulicaris (Columbella), Lesson. Rev. Zoo. Cuv. Soc., 1842, p. 185......... 187
Pulla (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 23, f. 411, 1871.

— O. Anazora, Duclos.
Pulla (Columbella), Gaskoin, Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 6.......eesessceseceees PAG
Pulvis (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 86, t. 7, f. 2.....ccccsesccesssesees 46
Pumila (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 252, 1870..........cccecscsssoncee 26
Pumila (Columbella), Dunker. Mal. Blatt., vi, p. 224...............ccecceeee 150

Pumila (Columbella), Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., 1863, le UP Gia Tor
281. =C. atrata, Gould.
Pumilio (Columbella). Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 24, f. 147, 1859......... 187
Punctata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 12, 13, 1870.
= O. araneosa, var. venulata, Lam.
Punctata (Columbella), Sowb. Genera of Shells, f. 5. —C. flava, Brug.
Punctata (Columbella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., x, 278
= C. fulgurans, Lam., var.
Punctatum (Buccinum), Brug. = Columbella discors, Gmelin.
Punctulata (Marginella), Petit. Rev. Zool., 185, 1841.
?—M. nivosa, Hinds.
Punctulata (Columbella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer. Moll., p. 206.
_ =C. rustica, Linn.
Pungens (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 133, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860............ 143
Pura (\olumbella), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., V, 515 .ccccccccseccecsecevece 162
Pura (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 30, f. 97, a, b.
=O. tehuelchana, d’Orb.
Purpurascens (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Pro. Bos. 8. N. H., vol. 2,
p. 2. —C. dormitor, Sowerby.
Purpurata (Oliva), Swaius Zool. Til., 2 ser., t. 2, f. 1.
—O. dama, Mawe.
Purpurvides (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 88-2852, 1839........ 187
Pusilla (Marginella), H. Adams. Zool. Proc., 308, t. 19, f. 1, 1867.
—=M. pumila, Redfield.
Pusilla (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 21, f. 356-358, 1871.

Pusiostoma, Swainson. Malacol:, 150, 313, 1840....cccecoccescecoceceee 108, 196
Pygmea (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo, Soc., 1832) pa dager. eee 166

236 INDEX.

PAGE,
Pygmxa, Humphrey. Mus. Calonn., 28,1797. Morch, Jour. de Conchyl.,
2 ser., ili, 255, 1858. — Columbella, Lam.
Pygmza (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 386, t. 75, f. 78, 79, 1846.
— M. translucida, Sowb.
Pygmza (Marginella), Issel. Mal. Mar. Rosso, 116, 1869.
— M. lsseli, Nevill.
Pygmxa (Marginella), Garrett. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., 217, t. 2, f.
27, 1873. —M. Sandwicensis, Pease.
Pygmeza (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 26, f. 75, 1850.......26....+0,s000cnee 86
Pyramidalis (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 4, f. 11, a, b.
—A. Australis, Sowerby.
Pyrene, Bolten. Mus. Calonn., 95, 1798. Ad. Genera, 185, 1855.
—Conidea, Swainson.
Pyriformis (Marginella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch , iii, 280, t. 28, f. 21,
1868. —M. trans ata, Redfield.
Pyriformis (Volutella), Carpenter. Jour. de Conch., 3 ser., v, 148, 1865.

== Marinella. icsc.icsccssesetacsss omopeiaces scesistensiets schiuteostsidecmeneset aeneneeemeeete 41
Pyrostoma ((olumbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 116............ 195
Pyrulata (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lyc., iv, 494, 1848........... 1
Pyrulum (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon.. f. 117, 1865...........ce0sseeee 42

Pyrulus (Murex), Meuschen. Mus. Gevers., 828, 1787.
— Marginella glabella, Linn,

Pyrum (Marginella);Gronovs Zooph., 298 7Siles....ce-asseneeeneeeeeeeeeees vals
Quadrifasciata (Marginella), Marrat. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., xii,
ADG VBT8 ae cocnricce seaetioes ate doce’ deemuegns sae cisuonbiset comeidsanse eo eer eee eee ee Reena 56
Quadrilineata (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proce , 17, 1849 ................- 47
Quersolina (Oliva), Ducl. Monogr., t. 10, f. 7,8. = O. episcopalis, Lam.
Quinqueplicata (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 356, 1822......... 30

Quintilia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 19, f. 13, 14.
— C. pardalina, Lam.

Radiata (Marginella), Lam. - Voluta zebra, Leach.
Ramola, Gray. Zool. Proc., 39, 1858. Lamprodoma, Swainson.

Rasamola (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 6, f. 5, 6, 1835.

= O. volutella, Lam.
Rasolia (Columbella), Ducl. Monogr., pl. 10, f.7, 8. —C seripta, Linn.
Reclusa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 17, f. 264.

— O. fusiformis, Lam.
Recurva (Engina), Reeve. (Ricinula) Conch. Ie., iii, f. 53, 1846. —

—= K. bella, Reeve.
Recurva (Columhella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1882, f. 115................ . 187
Redfieldiai(Marcinellla)) ly Onesies sors erste pens seeesee serene teased eeeemae 34
Reeveana (Ricinula), C. B. Ad. Pan. Cat., 102, 1850.

— Engina pulchra, Reeve.
Reeveana (Marginella), Petit. Jour. de Conch., ii, 51, 1851.

— M. splendens, Reeve.
Reevel (Mnginia)\ Pryons.....-<..ccse+c'ssenccaect tocccecacenesteine sections eeiemaetten IES)
Reevei (Columbella), Carpenter. 2d Report, 567, 1864................00 sees 118
Reevei (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rey. crit., p. 104, t. 3, f. 100,

a, b, 1857. =O. nivea, Gmel.
Regularis (Marginella), Carp. . Ann. Mag. N. Hist , xv, 398, 1865......... 45
Regulus (Columbella), Souverbie. Jour. de Conch., 41, 1864.

— C. atrata, Gould.
Reticularis, pars (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 52.

— QO. fusiformis, Lam.

ae)

INDEX. 237

PAGE
Reticularis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 314, No. 16.....-...0s-ese eee 3
Reticularis, pars (Uliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 52.

— QO. Cumingi, Reeve.
Reticularis, var. (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 52.

= QO. venulata, Lam.
Reticularis, pars (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr, t. 9, f. 3, 4, 8.

— QO. araneosa, Lam.
Reticulata (Oliva), Bolt. — OO. sanguinolenta, Lam.
Reticulata (Columbella), Lam. Anim.s. Vert., edit. 2, ix, p. 270.

= C. rastica, Linn.
Retusa (Volvaria), Brown. — Bulla retusa.
Retusa (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 88, No. 2847, 1839.. ...... 187
Ringens (Oliva), Solander MSS. = O. hiatula, Gmelin.
Rivoliana (Harpa), Less. Ill. Zoo., t. 36. — H. crenata, Swainson.
Roblini (Columbella,) Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 151........... 128
Rorida (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 28, f. 176, 1859........... 147
Ros (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 147, 1865.............2seee eenee eee 46

Rosacea (Columbella), Gould. Am. Jour. Sci., xxxviii, 197........... 160, 198
Rosacea (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 29, f. 183, 1859.
— C. semiconvexa, Lam.

osama (Oliva) Duclos. “Monon tecly fil) Qi cssnecereceseens tenses ceeresate 65
Roscida (Marginella), Redfield. Proc. Phila. Acad., 174, 1860 ............ 38
Rosea (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 46, 1846. = Mngina................... 192
Basen (@Hian pa). Garden Hust. NBte 9) X51) Lol osc-nsecisacateseemeceosceaeisn™arieenees 99
Rosea (Harpa), adult, Kiener. T. 5, f.8,a. — H. crena‘a, Swainson.

Rosea (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 356, 1822................. 18
Rostrata (Marginelia), Redfield. Cat 246,1870. — M. oblonga, Swains.

Rubella (Marginella), U. B. Ad. Bost. Proc., ii, 1, 1845...............2...-- 52
Rubens (Marginella), von Martens. Sitzb. Berlin, 65, 1881................. 30

Rubicundula (Columbella), Quoy. Voy. del’ Astr., ii, 528, pl. 40, f. 25, 26.
?— ¢. flava, Brug.
Rubiginosa (Ancillaria), Swainson. Zool. IIl., ii, t. 4..,........ cece cess ee eee 94
Rubra (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 459, 460, 1871.
= 0. nivea, Gmelin.
Rubra (Columbella), von Martens. Sitzb. Berlin, 76, 1881........... sscosese 152
Rubrafasciata (Marginella), Jousseaume. Guerin’s Mag., 221, 1875.
= M. fasciata, Sowb.
Rudis (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch, i, p. 116, t. 56, f. 33-35.
= C. mercatoria, Linn.
Rufa (Columbella), Menke. Zeit., 1853, p. 75. ? —C. rustica, Linn.
Rufescens (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon, f. 112, 1865.
= M. secalina, Phil.
Rufifasciata (Oliva), Carpenter. Report, p. 339. — O. betica, Carp.
Rufifasciata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 28, f. 88, a, b, 1850.
= O. mutica, Say.
Rufonotatum (Sistrum), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., xiv, 48, 1864.
== Engina pulchra, Reeve.
Rufopicta (Oliva), Weinkauff, in Kiister, 88, t. 23, f. 11, 12.
= O. aniomina, Ducl.
Rufotincta (Columbella), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 511, 1857.
= C. diminuta, C. B. Ad.
Rufula (Marginella), Gaskoin. Ann. Nat. Hist., 2 ser., xi, 359, 1853.
= M. neglecta. Sowb. .
Butala (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 19, f. 9, 10, 1885...........ccccscesccees 75
Rugosa (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115.......5..scccseee eee 152
Rugulosa (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 183, t. 39, f. 181...... 156

238 INDEX.

PAGE
Rumilia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. Illust., t. 17, f. 15, 16...... 174
Russelli (Columbella), Brazier. P. Zoo. Soc., 1874, p. 671, pl. 83, f. 17, 18. 128
Rustica (Columbella), Linn. Syst. Nat. » P ROO eeeccosusincconeresteeeeaee sp080403 107
Rustica (Columbella), Sowb. Genera, ems O. Paytensis, Lesson.
Rutila (Kicinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 49, 1846). = == Hin inaireereiceteseseats 192
Saccharata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 29, f. 187, 1859:

- C. semiconvexa, Lam.
Sagena (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 26, f. 162.
— C. pardalis, Lam.

Sagitta (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 10........ nooocoooD 5 ilats:
Sagittata (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 76, 1844.................0--.---00= 39

Sagittata (Marginella), in part, Sowb. Thes., f. 224 (not 223).

— M. pulcherrima, Gaskoin.
Sagra (Columbella), d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, p. 137, t. 21, f, 28-30, 1853.. 164
Saint Pairiana (Columbella), Caillet. Jour. de Conch., 3d ser., iv, 279,

GLY, £24, 1864, oi. oceccecisonensesongs atacs cbdeins sdeibee cone aneee teen seen eee ee eee 165
Sandella, Gray. Guide Moll., Brit. Mus., 26, 1857. = Ancillaria, Lam.
Sandwicensis (Marginella), Pease. Zool. ’ Proc., 147, 1860 scuctcdeeeseescenee . 45
Sandwicensis (Erato), Pease. Zool. Proc., 146, 1860...................00.+0-0. 9

Sandwichensis (Oliva), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 145,
— QO. Duclosi, Reeve,
Sandwichensis (Columbella), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1861, p. 244.
— C. turturina, Lam.
Sanguinolenta (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., Xvi, 316.............c.00seceeees +) uae
Santa Barbarensis (Columbella), Carpenter. P. VA S., 1856, p. 208.
— C. Reevei, Carpenter.
Sapotilla (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 74, 1844. —M. prunum, Gmel.
Sarda (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv. 80. te, f 425 1834 See ees 47
Sarda (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 9, f. 32 b
- A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Satorida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 26, f. 1, 2..,......... 191
Saulcyana (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. tcon., f. 90, 1865
- M. cinecta, Kiener. E
Saulcyana (Marginella), Petit. Jour. de Conch., ii, 47, t. 1, f. 11, 1851.
— M. marginata, Born, minor.
Saulie (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 386, t. 75, f. 68, 1846........ Pay)
Savignyi (Marginella), Issel. Moll. Mar. Rosso, 115, 1859.
? — M. miliaria, Linn.

Sbina (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 32. — C.albina, Kiener.
Scabriuscula (Erato), Gray. Desc. Cat., 16, 1832...2.........0+-ccceseonseotenee iil

Scalarina (Culumbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 116.
C. varia, Sowb.

Scalaris (Margiuella), Jouss. Monog., 26, t. 7, f. 9. — M. striata, Sowb.
Scalpta (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, Shine if ae 1859 brocasaucus 111

Scaphella (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., te feos
— A. Mauritiana, Sowb.
Scaphula, Swains. (not Benson). Malacol., 132, 322, 1840.
, -=Lentricula, H. and A. Ad.
Scaphula, Gray. Zool. Proc., 40, 1858. —Callianax, H. and A. Ad.
Schmeltziana (Erato), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., xv, 3v1, t. 11, f.5,1867. 11
Schramm (Kngina), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 3d ser., iii, 82, 1863.
EK. rosea, Reeve.
Schrammi (Columbella), Petit. Jour. de Conch., iv, 364, t. 12, f. 3, 4,
1853. =C. dichroa, Sowb.
Scintella (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 68.............05 sob dar ta eeeeee 26

INDEX. 239

; PAGE
Scitula (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 9, t. 6, f. 76, 77, 1870.

OQ. mustellina, Lam.
Seripta (Columbella), Lam. Hist. Nat., ed. ii, x, 270.

—C, versicolor, Sowb.
Scripta (Columbella), Linn, Syst. Nat., edit. xii, 1225........ pbatisadangedooad 13
Scripta (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., Xvi, p. 315............-.ccssecees secseeaee 82
Scripta (Marginella), Hinds. - Zool. Proc., 73, 1844.............ccecrecceoseeeee 25
Scurra (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 31, f. 580, 1871.

— O. nivea, Gmelin.
Scutulata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 30, f. 191, 1859.

—C. catenata, Sowb.
Seculina (Marginella), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 197, t. 27, f. 19, 1844........ 53
Segesta (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 26, f. 5, 6.............. 175

Selasia (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., and in Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 2, f. 19, 20.
= O. volutella, Lam.

Semen (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 145, 1865.............0.+sss0.00e 46
Semiconvexa (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 171...............0. 125
peunnellasshease. Am. Jour Coneh.. iin Zod, 1SOU n..caccecccecccsccssces cess 102
Seminula (Marginella), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 584, 1860.................. 56
Seminula (Marginella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 72, 1881........ 57

Semiplicata (Columbella), Stearns. Pro. A. N.S. Phila., 1873, p. 344.
—C. avara, Say.
Semipunctata (Columbella), Lam. Kiener, Coq. Viv., pl. 8.
—U. discors, Gmelin.
Semistriata (Oliva), Gray. Zool. in Beechey’s Voy., p. 136, t. 36, f. 10,
1839. —O. columellaris, Sowb.
Senegalensis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 318.
=O. peruviana, Lam.
Sepulturalis (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p. 401. -Q. maura, Lam.
Sericea (Oliva), Bolten. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 10, f. 131-133.
— 0. textilina, Lam.

Serpentina (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog.,17. -—M. ornata, Redf.

Serrata (Anuchis), Carp. Mazatlan, Cat. Zool. Proc., 273, 1865, p. 509,
INS Tle dodece Seg BERGERON ABS cee Eee AE ETOe AEE ian ERR Anan ae epee idenoagauenvenieceace ss 178

Serrata (Marginella), Gaskoin.-- Zool.. Proc., 19, 1849...............s0c--200 26

Serrata, Jousseaume. Monog. Marginella, Guerin’s Mag., 1875.
= Marginella, Lam.
Sertulariarum (Columbella), d’Orb. . Voy. Am. Mer.. pl. 61, f. 13-17..... 150

Sexplicata (Marginella), Dunker. Cat. Mus. Godeff., 3, 1871............... 3
Smena (Oliva), Duclos. . Monogr., t. 19; f. 1,2, 1885........,...c...coscncesens 87
Signata (Oliva), Lischke. Mal. Blatt., 1878, p. 20. —O. Fortunei, Adams.
Simeri (Marginella), var. Jousseaume. Monog., 53, — M. fusca, Sowb. |

Similis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 14, f. 205-207, 1870.
— QO. Lecoquiana, Ducros.
Similis (Columbella),-Ravenel. Pro. A N.S. Phila., 1861, p. 41.
= C, avara, Say.
Similis (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch , 64, t. 1, f. 17.
= A. cingulata, Sowb.
Similis (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc, 97, 1846. — M. obesa, Redfield.
Simplex (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 115, 1865.
= M. infelix, Jousseaume.
Simplex (Oliva), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., 1867, p. 281, t. 23, f. 24...... 72
Simpronia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ll. Conch., t. 15, f. 19, 20.
—C. rustica, Linn.
Sinensis (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 3, f, 50, 51

240 INDEX.

PAGE,

Sinuata (Columbella), Sowb. P. Z. Soc., 1874, p. 600, pl. 72, f. 5, 5a.

? — C. rugosa, Sowb.
Smithi (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1877, p. 172, t. 26, f. 7.

— C. lentiginosa, Reeve.
Solidula (Harpa), A. Adams. P. Z. S. L., 1858, p. 1738.

— H. minor, Lam.
Solidula (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 24, f. 149, 1859......... 147
Sonsonatensis (Pygmza), Mérch. Jour. Conch., 1859, p.257; Mal. Blatt., ,

vil, BA Teele oo ooscce Wdelbs'sle cle w'sinagisios os ola osloaagi sone sieeis use ces seen ain eneee teaeaems 105

Sordida (Columbella), d’Orb. Voy. Am. Mer., pl. 77, f. 2, 3.

— C. unifasciata, Sowb. .
Sordida (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon.,f. 187, 865...............2.0+0+ 54
Souverbiei (Columbella), Crosse. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 161, pl. v, fig 9. 111
Sowerbyana (Marginella), Petit. Jour. de Conch., ii, 53, 57, 1851.

— M. monilis, Linn.
Sowerbyi (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 114, 11%, 1870.

- QO. reticularis, Lam.

Sowerbyi (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. Crit., p. 105, t. 3, f. 103,

a, b, 1857. = O. rosalina, Duclos.
Sowerbyi (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill, Conch., t. 19, f. 5, 6.

— C. Boivini, Kiener.
Spadicea (Columbella), Philippi. Zeit. Mal., 1846...........0...c00seeseeeeeees 168
Sparella, Gray. Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., 26, 1857. = Ancillaria, Lam.
Sparsa (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. le., xi, pl. 31, f. 200, 1889.

— C. catenata, Sowb.
Speciosa (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1877, p. 35, t. v, f. 3..... Leg(il
Spectrum (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 30, f. 194, 1859.

— (C. varians, Sowb.
Splendens (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Syst., ii, t. 277, f. 2, 3, 1843...... 21
Splendidula (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 120, t. 87, f 65, 66.

C. discors, Gmel.

Splendidula (Oliva), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 82, 1825..........c0.ccsceees 74
Spicula (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 16, f. 9, 10.

— C. Cumingii, Reeve.

Spilota (Marginella), Ravenel MSS..............+000 sesecsecorencoese heeoeees FRBOOD 56
Spirantha (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. Elliott Soc., i, p. 281, 1859....... 13
Spiratella (Columbella), von Martens. Mobius, Mauritius, 248, t. 20, f.

PD V88O wcaaseoeciinceceeestene scineseccsewe ce cysiosecneicle dace ete tice ceseeu oeeec eee eter sexe. 152

Spiriplana (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 310, 1882. 198
Spongiarum (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 3, f, 13-16.
= C. rustica, Linn.
Spreta (Oliva), Gould. Otia, p. 137. ? — O. Fortunei, Adams.
Spurca (Columbella), Sowerby. Zool. Proc., 115, 1832.

Stainforthii (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t 19, f. 40, a, b, 1850.............. 84
Stanislas (Marginella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 133,

18 7G. cccccscccosecesteecisopssiseteesesesess se'anesies sesso. cterient sence *osereaeet rene Goneecss 56
Stearnsii ((Columibella)) Mlny ons 2. wecenvacsacencielectepectice seca re sence eeeae teeter 179

Steeriz (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 18, f. 37, 1850.
— O. hiatula, Gmelin.
Stellata (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 8, f. 11, 12.
? — O. Lecoquiana, Ducros.
Stipon (Marginella), Jousseaume. Mag. de Zool., 241, 1875.
M. oryza, Lam.
Storeria (Marginella), Couthuoy. Bost. Jour., i, 440, t. 9, f. 1, 2, 1857.
M. marginata, Born, minor.

INDEX. 241

PAGE,
Strangei (Marginella), Angas. Zool. Proc., Wi2ite 205 tare Lomi
— M. translucida, Sowb.
Strenella (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 8, f. 1-3.....essseeesseee cere 157
Strephona, Browne. Hist. Jamaica, 408, 1756. = Oliva, Brug.
Striarella (Murex), Calcara (1841). — Columbella Greci, Phil,
Striata (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat., x, p. 153.........:sesceeseereeseeseneeeneres 99

Striata (Engina), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 275, pl. 23, f. 10, 1867. 195
Striata (Columbella), Menke. Verzeichn. No. 834, 1828:

= C. rustica, Linn.
Striata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 6, f.5-8. — OC. rustica, Linn.
Striata (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 375, t. 75, f. 81, 82, 1846.. 25
Striatula (Harpa), A. Adams. P. Z. S. L., 1853, p. 173, t. xx, f. 7 u. 8.

—= Young of H. conoidalis, Lam.
Striatula (Columbella), Dkr. Mal. Blatt., xviii, p. 155, 1871........ aeeecce 176
Stricta (Columbella), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, 340, SSOP erase ecesrcn Los,
Strigata (Columbel'a), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 25, f. 154, 1859.

— C. Broderipii, Sowb.
Strigata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 25, f. 72, a, b, 1850.

— U. mutica, Say, var. nitidula.
Strigata (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat.,530, 1817. — M. elegans, Gmel.
Striolata (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch. = A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Strix (Columbella), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, 388, 1882.

= C. Verrilli, Dall.

Strombiformis (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 266.........:.s0+ 104
Strombina, Morch. . Yoldi Cat., 85, 1852,..............:ccecscceccceceoscsnen 102, 183
Suavis (Margineila), Souv. Jour. de Conch., vii, 376, 1859............ss0008 27

Subacta (Columbella strix, var.), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, 339,
8825 = CC. Verrilli, Dall:

Subangulata (Oliva), Philippi. Abb., xix, i, t.1, f.2. — O. araneosa, Lam.

Subbulbosa (Marginella), Tate. Proc. Philos. Soc. Adelaide, 1877-78,
ROG teens clic caiaedacirecovcasac seceedseressenttercicassacccecerenesssccserlcseestidsseaces 55

Subceerulea (Marginella), Martini. Méorch.

. Subcostata (Volumbella), C. B. Adams. Krebs’ Cat. s5 80.
= C. costulata, C. B. Ad.

Subleevis (Columbella), Montr. Jour. de Conch., 3d s., iv, p. 270, 1864.
= C. Marquesana, Gask.

oe (Marginella), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xv, 397,

65

De ee eee c aa nae sesso aeiat ios sei aeiem sacra. deescaeesaecensad: caasucar ss ies 43, 198
Subtriplicata (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 99, pee onieconbedoanoto scone 49
Subturrita (Anachis), Carp. Pro. Cal. Ac. Sc., iii, p. 223...........sseceeeees 178
Subulata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 9, i WB) IO Sosocience 2p doooor 148
Subulata (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 140, pl. 40, f. 158
and 159........ sagdoeasonane aeanos665 sGI08 no QaDL Dace FO BdesCoGOe anotbcE dddenesdonsateooScHc 186
Subulata (Oliva), Lam. Am, du Mus., xvi, p-323. —O.acuminata, Lam.

Subulata, pars (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 12, f. 7, 1835

— O. nebulosa, Lam.
Subvitrea (Columbella), Smith. Zool. Proc., 209, 1879. — Pleurotomide.
Succinea (Marginella), Conrad. Proc. Phil. Acad., 26; t. 1, f. 17, U846..9 34
Sulziensis (Marginella), Issel. Mal. Mar. Rosso, 115, 1869.

— M. minuta, Pfr.
Suffusa (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 142, pl. 40, f. 166, 167. 155
Sugillata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, pl. 29, f. 189, 1859...... 145
piesa (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 102, t. 21, f., 14— 16, 1853.

= M. striata, Sowb.

Sulcata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 1, f. 15, 14.........4.. hocosonnoco0 109
Sulcosa (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 118..........00008 176

31

242 INDEX.

PAGE
Sulcifera (Erato), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 14, 1865.

= HM. lachryma, Gray...--c-c+ vescoscercssccececsnsicanserarernsessssslareeme apoocedooo0¢ 8
Suleifera (Erato), Gray. Desc. Cat., 16, 1832..............-000:saneesereneconeee 11

Suturalis (Columbella), Gray. Griffith, ioe King, pl. 4l, it es
— C, fluctuata, So wb.
Swainsoniana (Marginella), Petit. Jour. de Conch., ii, 55, 1851
— M. phrygia, Sowb.
Sylvia (Oliva), Duclos in Chenu, t. 14, f. 10-13. —O. erythrostoma, Lam.
Syria (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 23, f. 1, 2.
- Lagena leucozonalis, Lam., juv. Manual, iii, 96.

Tzeniata (Columbella), Philippi. Zeit. Mal., 1846........0...000.....0:seseeoes pple: 7/
Tzeniata (Columbella), Adams and Reeve. Moll. Voy. Samar., 34, ah ig
f. 19. = OC. Marquesana, Gask.

Tzeniata (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846.. en See
Tamelana (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 13, f. 9, he Fossil.
Tankervillei (Ancillaria), Swainson Jour. Sch, XVilisi pen 2Goneeeeee Corea 95
Tantilla (Marginella), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, "384, 1860 Bay spsonacod soGc8 sec 55
Tasmanica (Marginella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 28,

VE UDG soccer aden descae.sacuaventeeesnestctges delsedveceaes san tenes aecanteseceneet eae eeeemees 23

Tasmanica (Ancillaria) Tenison-Woods. Pr. R. Soc. Tasmania, 1876,
185. — Var. of A. marginata, Lam.

Tayloriana (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 36, f. 225, 1859...... 141
Tehuelchana (Oliva), d’Orb. Voy. en Am. mer., t. 40, f. 7-12.............. 68
Telea (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, Conch. Illust., t. 25, f. 15, 14........... 190
Tenebrica (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 30, f. 204, 1859........ 128

Tenebrosa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 13, f. 177, 1870.
— QO. tremulina, Lam.

Tenebrosa (Voluta) (Mawe), Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl., t. 4, f. 38.
— Oliva undatella, Lam.

Tenera (Marginella), Menke, Syn. Meth., 88, 1828...............sesseseseess 5)
Tenisoni (Coltumibellia) wl myonlses..<ncerce cess se) esae) sowejsecee cestode seeeeeeemeeeeeets 128
Tentoria (Oliva), Link. — Porphyria, ra

Tenuis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 22, f, 385.
— QO, gracilis, Brod. and Sowb.

Tenuis (Columbella), Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, S er eonaaceccd: i
Teophania (Columbella), Ducl. Chenu, Ill. Conch., oh, f. ole £2), RoguunoSsess 164
Tergina (Oliva), Duel Monogr:, t- 2) f VS—1G.0-2. 5... cncsccenenessaseeseeeeasees 66

Terpsichore (Columbella), Menke. Zeit. Mal., 185, 1851.
? — C. coronata, Sowb. j
Terpsichore (Columbella), Sowb. Genera Shells, f. 6...............ceeceeeeeee 154

ne aar (Columbella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zoo., i, p. 265, pl. v, f.
2, UBT Gscecss sedssisaeeesdecsea Jesasaessesacaslsaeccecavsoaneaoeeete cet ee tenet eeereien 187

Heel ae (Marginella), Petit. Jour. de Conch., ii, 49, t. 2, f. 2, 1851.
M. monilis. Linn.
Tessellata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi,.320; n. 38... csmsseneeeeees to0
Tessellata (Columbella), Dkr. Mal Blatt, xviii, p. 156.
? —C. rorida, Reeve.
Tessellata (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Cat. Panama Shells, 108, 1852.
C. Guatemalensis, Reeve.
Tessellata (Marginella), Sowb. (part). Thes. Conch., t. 5, f. 195.
— M. chrysomelina, Redfield.
Tessellata (Warginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 361, 1822.
— M. porcellana, Gmel.
Testacea (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 324. — O. hiatula, Gmel.

INDEX. 243

PAGE,

Test (Buccinum), Aradas. Descr. delle conch. foss. Gravitelli presso

Messina, p. 28, 1847. — Columbella costulata, Cant.
Testina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 7, f. 11, 12........ stseeeeeeeesees 175
Testudinalis (Harpa), Auct. Reeve, [con.,sp. 9. == H. crenata, Swains.
Textilina (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 309, n. 2.

= O. irisans, Lam., var.
Thomasi (Oliva), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., ix, p. 173, t. 6, f. 8, 4, 1861... 85
Ticaonis (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 134..........cccseecseceeeees 126
Tigrina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 1, f. 7-10.

— C. versicolor, Sowb.
Tigrina (Oliva), Meuschen. Marrat. in Thes. Conch., t. 15, f. 222-224.

— O. tessellata, Lam.
mcina, (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p. 482.......0.........sccasessesccssonses 75
Timora (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 1, f. 4 (non Duclos),

— O. angulata, Lam.
Timorensis (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 17, f. 11-13.

= 0. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettx.
Tincta (Anachis?), Carp. Ann. Nat. Hist., 1864, xiv, p. 48................0. 178
Tisophana (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. lll., t. 17, f. 17, 18.

— O. reticularis, Lam.
Todosina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 25, f.9,10. —O. sidelia, Duclos.
Tornatella (Marginella), Savigny. Moll. de Egypt. ? — Tornatella.
Torosa (Ancillaria) (Meuschen), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 30, 31.

— A. Mauritiana, Sowerby.
Torticula (Marginella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 73, 1881........ 58
Tortoliva, Conr. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 143, 211, t. 21, f. 4, 1865.

?— Agaronia, Gray

Traillii (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 21, f. 114, 1865............... bl
Translata (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 259, 1870.. ..........sessceee 44

Translirata (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. A. N.S. Phiia., 1861, p. 42.

?—C. avara, Say.
Translucida (Marginella),Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 376, t. 75, f. 62,63, 1846. 26
Bremulina (Oliva), Lam, Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 810...........cscessescooseess 80
Tribalteata (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 102, 1865.

— M. exilis, Gmelin.

Tricincta (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 76, 1844.......0.....0ccsceeseeees 31
Meee Oliva); Lam. “Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 316........:......cccsesnscosesaes 76

Tricolor (Ancillaria), Gray. App. Voy. Fly, ii, p. 357.
= Young of A. Australis, Sow.
Tridentata (Marginella), Tate. Proc. Phila. Soc. Adelaide, 87, 1878....... 55
Trifasciata (Lachryma), Humphr. Cat. — Erato lachryma, Gray.
Trifasciata (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 41, 1846.
— Engina alveolata, Kiener.
Trigidella (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 8, f. 13-16, 1835.
— O. ispidula, Linne.
eaimea (Columbella), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 325..........cs.cccccsssnooassessees 181
Tringa (Mitra), Costa. Cat. Moll. Sicil., p. 72, No. 5.
— Columbella rustica, Linn.
Tringua (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 8, f. 5, 6, 1835.
— O. elegans, var. tricolor, Lam.
Triplicata (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 20, f. 80-32.
PREECE UII CAs OT Dees san coscesstc dees gus sck os ea ceasors, te. Scawaene Aaeoaotees 35
Triplicata (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc., 19, 1849..........ssseseeeeeeee 38
Triticea (Volvaria), var. B, Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 363, 1822.
— Marginella secalina, Phil.
Triticea piss), Duclos. Monogr,; t: 1, £53 6; 1885.....2.06<scesvee poandennoe AZ4

244 INDEX.

PAGE,

Triticea (Volvaria), Lamarck. An. sans Vert., vii, 363, 1822.
— Marginella exilis, Gmelin.
Triticum (Buccinum), Solander. Wimmer, Sitzb. Acad. Wien, ]xxx, 483.
— Columbella pulchella, Sow. (not Kiener).
Triumphalis (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 5, f. 15, 16.
— Cantharus distortus, Gray. Vol. iii, 165.
Troglodytes (Columbella), Souv. Jour. de Conch., 1866, p. 145, pl vi, f. 4. 165
Tronsoni (Ancillaria), Sowb. ‘hes. Conch., 58, t. 2, f. 20, 21.
—= O. cinnamomea, Lam.
Trumbulli (Fusus), Gould. Am. Jour. Sci., vi, 285, f. 7, 1848.
— Columbella lunata, Say.
Truncata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 41, 1870.
— QO. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliette.

Tuberculata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 27, f. 178, 1859...... 156
Tuberculosa (Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1862, p. 243.............000 . 195
Tuberosa (Oliva), Bolt. — O. inflata, Lam.

Tuberosa (Columbella), Carp. Ann. Nat. Hist., 1865, xv, p. 598........... 135
Tumida (Columbella), Reeve (not Duclos). Icon., f. 63, 1858.
= C. rustica, Linn.
Tumida (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 15, f. 138, 14. Fossil.
Tunguina (Oliva), Marrat (not Duclos). Thes. Conch, f. 406, 1871.
= M. mutica, Say.
Tunquina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 6, f. 1, 2, 1835.
= QO. mandarina, Duclos. -

Turbida (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 2, f. 1-2.........00ssseesesesceeee 138
Turbinata (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 385, t. 75, f. 70, 71, 1846. 23
Turbinella (Ricinula), Kiener. Purpura, 29, t. 9, f. 25. — Engina...... 192

Turnbullii (Columbella), Linsl. H. and A, Adams, Genera, i, 187.
— C. lunata, Say.

Turrita (Columbella), Sewb. Pro. Zoo. Soe., 1832, p. 115........... a teats 186
Turturina (Columbella), Lam. Anim, sans Vert., x, p. 273 ...c0-00ecreeeeee 109
Tyermani (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 136, 1876......... 22

Tyleri (Columbella), Gray. Griffith's Cuy. Anim. King.
= C. pardalina, Lam., var.

Uncinata (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114........ pooarcant Sls
Undata (Amycla), Carp. MSS. labels (non Carp. Sup. Rep.).

— Amphissa versicolor, Dall.
Undata (Amycla), Carp. Pro. Cal. Ac. Sc., iii, p. 159, 1864...... deonaxcn005¢ Wes
Undata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 4, f. 3-4. — C. tringa, Lam.
Undata (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., ed. Deshayes, x, 618.

= O. inflata, Lam.
Undatella (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi., p. 826.......:..:ccscsesesncseoes 70
Undulata (Marginella), Desh. in Lam., edit. 2, x, 451, 1844.

— M. elegans, Gmel.
Unicolor (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 119.

— C. unifasciata, Sowb.
Unifasciata (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114............0.- 116
Unifascialis (Columbella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., p. 273....s0ssssccesseee 117
Unilineata (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 12.

— M. fusiformis, Hinds, var.
Unizonalis (Columbella), Gray. Moll. Voy. Blossom, p. 129.

— C. unifasciata, Sowerby.
Ureeus (Oliva), Bolt. — Brasiliana, Lam.
Ustulata (Oliva) Lamk. Anim. sans Vert,, v, 10, p. 620.

—= O. reticularis, Lam,

Pm)

INDEX. 245

PAGE
Utriculina, Gray. Zool. Proc., 14), 1847. - Olivancillaria, d’Orb.
Utriculus (Oliva), Gmelin. Lam., Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 323.

= O. gibbosa, Born.
Utriculus, juv (Oliva), Ducl. Monogr., t. 17, f.3,4 =O. nebulosa. Lam.
Uvania (Volumbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 10, f. 5, 6......cccccscoesecceeeeee 133

Valentina (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 28, f. 28, 24.
— O. dactyliola, Duclos.
Valga (Columbella), Gould. Pro. Bos. Soc. N. H., vol. iii, p. 169.......... 158
Valida (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic, xi, pl. 24, f. 151, 1859.
— C. costellata, Sowb.
Valveta (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl 13, f. 7, 8. Fossil.
Varia (Marginella), in part, Sowb. Thes, Conch., i, 390, t. 76, f. 187-140,
1846. — M. avena, Valence.
Varia (Marginella), in part, Sowb. Zool. Proc, 97, 1846.
= M. albdlineata, Orb.
Varia (Cithara), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lon., 1860, p. 147.
— Columbella Peasei, Mart.

Varia (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 116........... Pst 154
Variabilis (Oliva), Gray. Zool. Proc., 47, 1858. — O. ispidula, Linn.

Variabilis (Engina), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 275, pl. 28, f. 9,
1867. —C. nodicostata, Pease.
Variabilis (Persicula), Schum. Nouv. Syst., 235, 1817.
= Marginella persicula, Linn.
Varicosa (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 5.
—= C costellata, Sowb.
Variegata (Oliva), Bolt. O. elegans, Lam., var. tricolor.
Variegata (Columbella), Menke. Synopsis, 65, 1830.
? — C. versicolor, Sowh.
Variegata (Columbella), Stearns. Pro. Cal. Acad. Se., v, p. 81, pl. i, f. 5.
= C. tuberosa, Cpr.
Variegata (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., t. 4. f..71.
— O. cinnamomea, Lam.
Varians (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 118.........-0eeeee 110
Varians (Columbella), Dunker. Mal. Blatt., vi, t. 231; Moll. Japon., 6;
Lischke, Suppl.. 55. — C. Dunkeri, Tryon.
Vautieri (Marginella), Bernardi. Jour. de Conch., iv, 68, t. 2, f. 18, 14,
1853. — M. imbricata, Hinds.
Velata (Columbella) Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 28, f. 182, 1859............. 128
Veleda (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 7, f 19, 20.
= C. varia, Sowb.
Venilia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. Ilust., t. 17, f. 1, 2.
— C. labiosa, Sowb.
Ventricosa (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr, pl. 4, f 13, 14, 1835. Fossil.
Ventricosa (Voluta), Dillwyn. Catalog., i, 515. — Oliva inflata, Lam.
Weatricosa (Erato), Gray. Desc. Cat., 17, 1832...........-.cc0-sccaevessscnaeces 11
Ventricosa (Ancillaria), Swainson. ‘este Sowerby (non Lam.).
= aA. cinnamomea, Lam.
Ventricosa (Ancillaria), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 304.
— A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Ventricosa (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat., ed. ii, t. x, p. 180........0..000.0 soo hel
Ventricosa (Harpa), var. Kiener, p. 6, t. 2, f. 2. — H. costata, Linn.
Ventricosa (Marginella,) Fischer. Mus. Demidoff, iii, 173, 1807.
— M. quinqueplicata, Lam.
Venulata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, t. 313, No. 18,
= O. araneosa, Lam, var,

946 INDEX.

PAGE,
Venusta (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. xxii, No. 150, 1858.
— C. teniata, Phil.
Venusta (Columbella), Sowb. Zool. Proe., 49, 1844.
— C. bidentata, Menke.
Verdensis (Marginella), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 4 ser., xvi,
200, 1875. — M. teniata, Sowb.
Verrilli (Volumbella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 91, 1881...... 162
Vermiculata (Oliva), Lam. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 44, 1858.
— O. recticularis, Lam.
Vermiculata (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Coll. Marg., 1851; Cat. Marg.,
254, 1870. — M. quinqueplicata, Lam.
Vernedei (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 1, f. 7.
? — A. Tankervillei, Swains.
Verreauxi (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit, p. 97, t. 3, f. 86,
GD; USD lccescascoseeremssesessen tet sane cecacccswocescsecoeeecnestnraccniecsessee et taeeeee 64
Verreauxi (Marginella), Jousseaume. Guerin’s Mag., 251, 1875.
— M. angustata, Sowb.
Versicolor (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 22, f. 377, 378, 1871.
— Q. Anazora, Duclos.

Versicolor (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832. p. 119....... ereeereee 110
Versicolor (Amphissa), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 111. 113, 1872...... ae

Vescita (Oliva) (Gmelin ubi?), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 78, fig. 280, 1871.
— OQ. auricularia, Lam.
Vestalia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 15, f. 15, 16.
— C. rustica, Linn.
Vexillum (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lyc., v, 224, 1852........... 22
Vexillum (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. xii, f. 57, 1858.
— C. acicula, Reeve. ;
Vidua (Oliva), Bolt. =O. maura, Lam.
Vimonti (Warginella), Jouss. Guerin’s Mag., 186, 1875.
—~ M. bifasciata, Lam.
Violacea (Oliva), Marrat. Sowb., Thes. Conch., 29, f. 56.
— Q. araneosa, Lam.
Virginalis (Harpa), J. Gray, MSS. Sowb., Thes. Conch., iii, sp. 12.
? — H. minor, Lam.
Virginea (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 31, 1875.
? —M_ apicioa, Menke, var.
Virginea (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 2, f, 15, 16.
? —C. pelotina, Duel.
Virginea (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 131.....00.......scccncneneoccsaseresesesens 180
Viridescens (Oliva), Martini. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 12, f. 169-172.
— O. sanguinolenta, Lam.
Vitellina (Erato), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 46, t. 13, f. 22, 23, 1844.... 10, 198
Vitensis (Columbella). Dkr. Mal. Blatt., xviii, 156, 1871........ss.eeeceeee 115
Vitrea (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 75, 1844............c.ssccocessceronss 27
Vittata (Marginella) Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 17, 1864.
M. ornata, Redfield.
Vittata (Marginella), Hutton. Jour. de Conch., 22, 1878............:ss+eeee. 55
Vittata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pl. 30, f. 192, 1859............ 119
Vitulina:(Erato), H and A. Adams. Genera, i, 190, 1858,
- E. vitellina, Hinds.
Voluta (Cyprza), Mont. Test. Brit., 203, t. 6, f. 7, 1808.
— Erato levis, Donov.
Volutella (Ancillaria), Deshayes. Mag. de Zool., Moll., t. 31, 1830.
- A, Mauritiana, Sowerby.

INDEX.

Volutella, Swainson. Zool. [llust., 2d ser., i, No, 44, 1829.

— Marginella, Lam.
Volutella (Oliva) yam speeAn nen cue MIS exVile sp) OAc1- Jaccsassarccenieasesessasae0
Volutelloides (Oliva) , Mar. Thes. Conch., t 24, f, 456. —O. rusalina, Ducl.
Volutiformis (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 131, 1865:

— M. turbinata, Sowb.
Volvaria (in part); Lamarck. Syst. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 362, 1822.

== WIE AINE, ILE Rs scooscatpoonenoceedacoeode apscncod anngooabdocoodotecEo eandaAoecoce
MiolvaAnineWAam te SV St- eA. IS. OO lve. sc .cecdscsseseecce snesecseneeciscasseceeses
Volvarina, Hinds. Pro. Zool. Soc., 75, 1844. — Marginella, Lam.
Volvaroides (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 25, f. 11-14, 1835.

— O. sidelia, Ducl
Vulpecula (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., pl, 38, f. 95.

—C. pardalina, Lam.

Wallacei (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 40, t. 8, f. 7.....0...ccssceceee

Warrenii (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 1386, 1876..........

Watsoni (Marginella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 71, 1881.........

pueaiey (Columbella), DeKay. Moll. N. York, 182, t. 7, f. 162, 1845.
= C. lunata, Say.

Xantholeuca (Engina), E. A. Smith. Pro. Zool. Soc., 119, t. 5, f. 9, 1882.
Xanthostoma (Marginella), Mérch. Yoldi Cat., 1852. Tndeseuned!
Xavierana (Columbella), Woods. Pro. R. Soc. Tas., 1876, p. 134
Xiphitella (Columbella), Duclos Monogr., pl. 9, f. 15, 14.

— C. rustica, Linn.

Yucatecana (Marginella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 72, 1881......
Yoldina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pl. 8. f. 9, 10.................secce0e
Yorkensis (Columbella), Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 1865, p. 55, pl. ii, f. 6.

Zafra, H. Adams. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist , N. S., vi, 333, 1860.

— Pleurotomide.
Zan eta (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 2, f. 9, 10, 1855. —O. zonalis, Lam.
Zebra (Columbella), Gray. Sowerby’s Thes., i, p. 127, pl. 38, f. 105
Zebra (Oliva), Kiister. Inh. zu Heft, i, and t. 4, f. 5, 6.

— O. sanguinolenta, Lam.

Zeilanica (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p. 486. — O. irisans, Lam.
Zelina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogyr., pl. 4, f.5,6. — C discors, Gmel.
Zenopira (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t.3, f. 11,12, 18385. — O. nana, Lam.

Zepa (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 19, f. 9, 10
Zigzag (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 2, f 1-4, 1875.
=O mutica. var. nitidula.

Zonalis (Columbella), Lam. An. sans Vert., x, 274. -C. nana, Dillw.
Aonalisy (Oliva); lan.) Ami. din MIS) exw) Ps O21. .-.ccsccnsenc se soreeceoesn ers
Zonalis (Oliva), Menke. — O. undatella, Lam.

Zonalis (Columbella), Linsley. Gould, Wee Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vi, 236,
Zonata (Columbella), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 1850.
eee EULOCOMLGS. cts atewocseuciecce. Scssadsi'es sive pees cecceessec secu teses
Zonata (Engina), Reeve. (Ricinula), Conch. Ic., iii, p. 388, 1846...........
Zonata (Engina). Gray. Moll. Voy. Blossom, p. 113, 1839...............000
Zonata (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 41, t. 13, f. 4, 1840?... ......
Zopilla (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 19, f, 11, 12,
= C. pardalis, Lam.
Zulmis (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Il. Conch., t. 24, f. 21, 22,
— C. mereatoria, Linn.

189

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

Plate 1 (Frontispiece).

FIGURE. PAGE.
i, (Oliva puelchana, Orb: Chenu), Concho Ulitao, ptiiccescp encase enceene 7U
2. Oliva Brasiliana, Lam. Chenu, Conch. IIl., t. 35, f. 5.............000. 90
3. Oliva erythrostoma, Lam. Chenu, Conch. IIl., t. 33, f. 7............. 80
4. Oliva subulata, Lam. (— acuminata, Lam.). Chenu, Conch. I[Il.,

te BQ. Lovcccovessoescwsaet ea veecettestunielce siccccenseese seseeeeemcneceaneteneemtes 88
5: Oliva maura, Lam: Chenus) Concho Wily its 340% Alc... --cecceereastn 78
6. Oliva tehuelchana, Orb. Weinkauff, in Kiister, Conch. Cab.......... 68

I]

Plate 2.
Lingual Dentition.
Erato callosa, Ad. and Reeve. Troschel, Gebiss der Schnecken t.

LB POs scsescenescives csiotios sess clevens cine eon seitr oeeeeciseaarsanstecneemeeeee By ells
8. Marginella elegans, Gmel. Troschel, ii, t. 5, f. 6 ....................- 7, 30
9, Marginella (Volvaria) Philippinarum, Redfield. ‘Troschel, i), t.

BR. 216 te)aqgaco9n0 9000200 SdeRa AHOEES NODHEcoLO onOCIHOOBUESRONhonGHANEr onSLOSaoScns (gaol

10. Marginella (Persicula) clandestina, Brocchi. Troschel, Mimaua

sdadelscladasiscris ea vesese sotosinng celica ciehbesineeeeet cenit te meneeeest ee 40

Wile Marginella (Cystiscus) Capensis, Stimpson. Am. Jour. Conch.,

18; AZO oeeacic-sceieneeesniecondconscsceastesseriaceaerncs cease eater i 46

2! ova. irisans, Lam. ‘Troschel, ii; t. 10 ft. Wicctensccssons seesseeneeneenees 60

13. Oliva (Agarovia) hiatula, learnt Troschel,, 1, -t.) 1 Omi eeeeeeresers 60

14. Oliva (Olivella) mutica, Say. Troschel, ii, t. 10, f. 14................. 60

15, Ancillaria ampla, Gmel: Troschel, 1, t. LO} sf) 17: 2-ceceeuseseeeee eee

16. Ancillaria catira, Borsk. “Troschel, ii, t: 10> f Wb cee seeeeeeeteeeees 61

i. Harpaiconoidaliss am. “Troschel ii, ta lO stv l.esssc-teonecte tate teeehem 61

18. Columbella rustica, Lam. Troschel, ii, t..10; fo 225 ce eeoee . 102

19. Columbella (Strombina) gibberula, Sowb. Troschel, il, t. 9, f. 10.. 102

20. Columbella (Anachis) rugosa, Sowb. Troschel, ii, t. 9, f, 9. Nekeves . 102

Plate 3. ;

21. Anatomy of Oliva. a, /, mantle; 6, mantle process, laying in the
sutures of the spire of the shell; c, head lobes; d, siphon; e,
mucous glands ; f, kidney; g, anus; h, liver; *£, salivary glands;

m, branchie; n, heart. Chenu, Conch. Illust., iv, t, 33.. ........ 59

22. Plochelzea crassilabra, Gabb. Proc. Phil. Acad., t. 11, f. 5, 1872... 60

23. Monoptygma Lymneoides, Conrad (— Alabamiensis, Lea). Conr.,
Tert. Mossy it-olG its Ov. dean. .cosesoemacnaeceeeee See usdanes deeacleeeanee 61, 91

24, 25. Olivula staminea, Conrad. Conr., Tert. Foss., t. 10, f.5......... 61

26. Ancillaria (Ancillopsis) scamba, Conr. Con., Ter. Fos., t. 10, f. 4. 61

27. Ancillaria (Ancillopsis) altile, Conr. Con., Ter. Fos, t.10,f. 2. 61

28. Marginella (Volvaria) bulloides, Lam. Chenu, Manuel, f 1072... 7

29. Marginella ee) cretacea, Conrad. Jour. Philada. Acad.,

2 Bers AV, ts 46, oie Ti vccc cosas cecenees Sdeveemectere statis Scoaemteae ct sate 16

REFERENCE TO PLATES, 949

FIGURE, PAGE.

30. Oliva (Tortoliva) Texana, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., i, t.21,f.4. 59
31. Oliva sanguinolenta, Lam. Animal. Duclos, Chenu’s Conehe Illus.,

lib Py ol lbe Bodo asoadecaccseaoddob sou adodoocccoEEdGo pan EGaEtcodacsosugrc0 sonduodo 79
Plate 4.
32, Hrato lachryma, Gray. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 219, f. 6............ 8
83, 34. Erato guttula, Sowb. Thes Conch., t. 219, f. 29, 30.............. 9
35. Erato Sandwicensis, Pease. Thes. Conch., f. 22.............c00c-seseee
#6. Erato pellucida, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 16ee eee

9
9
37. Erato sulcifera, Reeve (— lachryma). Conch. Icon., f. 14, he 8
38, 389. Erato callosa, Ads. and Reeve. Sowb , Thes. Gonche fe 35. 36. 9
40. Erato levis, Donov. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., t. N. Ilan LB tsh Ce)

9

9

Al) Erato levis, Donov. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 39.............%..000++00006

42, 43. Erato Maugerix, Gray, Thes. Conch., f. 8, 9...........s.oeseeeoes

44, Hrato angistoma, Sowb. ‘Thes. Conch., f. 20.............csecoseocecreeees 10
Pee vrAtominutay reeves (Conch. Leon, tf. Lill. cse.cscenscecreeccetmeccos ss 10
46. Erato gallinacea, Hinds. Sowb., Thes., f. 34..........c.scsecscecceceoeees 10
47. Erato angulifera, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 26............0.0s---esereeees 10
48. Erato columbella, Menke. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 32...............+. 10
AOO mer ratonvitellinay Hindsen Chess. to 2il, LB icetccecccanncsicssciedscsceeses 10
51. Erato sulcifera, Gray. Sowb., Conch. Ill. Cyprza, f. 46............. 11
52. Erato corrugata, Hinds. Sowhb., Thes. Conch., f. 11......... Suuososeecs 1
ASL racOmMaAnasOUClOS SOW D-9 MMeS.,) ke Wa vece.ctccecesonentscescarsesesisiersestls 11
54, 55. Erato Schmeltziana, Crosse. Jour. de Conch., t. 11, f.5,1867. 11
56. Erato scabviuscula, Gray. Reeve, Conch. lcon., f. 4, a............-.- 1

Plate 5.

57, 58. Marginella glabella, Linn. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 75, f. 538, 54...... 7
59. Marginella Poucheti, Petit. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 16, f. 15 isisvaee Ue
60. Marginella irrorata, Menke. Sowb., Thes. Gouche ts a, POO sess 7
61. Marginella labiata, Val. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 104..........,....... 17
62. Marginella Goodallii, Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, t. 74, f. 17............ 18
638. Marginella aurantia, Lam. Sowhb.. Thes., f. 50............--.sseeeeees 18
64. Marginella Oliveformis, Kiener. Sowb., Thes., f. 164................. 33

65. Marginella leta, Jousseaume (— Oliv: eformis). Kiister, t.19,f.15. 38
66. Marginella Hindsiana, Petit (— Oliveformis). Reeve, Icon.,f.96,b. 33

67. Marginella pulchra, Gray. Sowb., Thes., f. 152 ...........0.2.0..----- 29
68. Marginella Hondurasensis, Reeve (— pulchra). Icon., f. 97, b..... 29

69 Marginella obesa, Sowb. (— pyrulata, Redf.).. Thes. Conch., f.91. 17
70. Marginella nubeculata, Lam. (— pyrum, Gron.). Sowb., Thes.,

"FST oa PE, RU lo ep ee a 18
71. Marginella intermedia, Sowb. (— pyrum). Thes., Jie, Vo pnccdecoonose 18
72. Marginella mosaica, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 58.........s.cesesesereeees 18
73. Marginella rosea, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 14, D...........--seen ceeeeeeee 18
74. Marginella piperita, Hinds (— rosea). Reeve, Icon., f. 11, a....... 18
75. Marginella albocincta, Sowb. (— rosea). Reeve, Icon., f. 95, a... 18
76. Marginella Petitii, Duval. Reeve, Icon., f. 6, a........... See asseatens 19
77. Marginella Newcombii, Reeve (— Petitii). Icon., f. 15, a........... 19
78. Marginella fulminata, Kiener. Monog., t. +o fo Leche aheseionaveeess i)
79. Marginella helmatina, Rang. Sowb., Thes., f. 58.........ssssseesseees 19
80. Marginella Cumingiana, Petit (—— helmatina). Sowb., Thes., f. 35, 19

Plate 6.

81. Marginella bifasciata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 25, a............ Nedasieeee 19
82. Marginella bifasciata, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch,, f. 18............+++ 19

32

250 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.
88. Marginella obtusa, Sowb. Thes., f. 11......0 0.0... 22... ce sec sceneesnnoes 20
84. Marginella mirabilis, Barclay (— obtusa). Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 6,

TS 1849 Saeenocre oooosbada ns coccdse HaauuaDdEpaaxoDnoSAEtooseoD acdasaoc pbecodegooseCboNe 20
85. Marginella Adansoni, Kiener. Sowb.. Thes., f. 3.........:sssseeseeees 20
86. Marginella Bellii, Sowb. (= Adansonii?). Thes. Conch., f. 29..... 20
87. Marginella nodata, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 36, a............seeees Setase 20
88. Marginella Cleryi, Petit. Reeve, Conch, Icon., f. 37, b..........+ cee!"
89. Marginella limbata, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ipl LS BeBe meer cic: 21
90. Marginella vittata, Reeve (— annie Redfield)” Ucons, fltucse-ael
91. Marginella faba, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 1................-.2+0 21
92. Maryginella pseudofaba, Sowb. Thes, Conch., f. 21.. Babcosgsooe ill
93. Marginella splendens, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., ‘3 21
94. Marginella Guillaini, Petit. Jour. de Conch. 3p tills, the ik lip NS pdoosnos. 22
95. Marginella musica Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 37. 22
96, 97. Marginella diadochus, Ads. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, t. 7,
Tigpte 5 Cag (Capcoancene coo onoadodduU DooUanuCHooUaCHCeSaasORCaGeH goosqOndseusdovodsco 22
98, 99. Marginella Belcheri, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 25, 26 55. 22
100. Marginella vexillum, Redfield. Am. Jour. Conch.. v, t. 8, fo 2orpoc ene
1. Marginella Harpzformis, Beck. Reeve: Icon.| f. 31. accreccesenene 22
2. Marginella formicula, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 40,2 23
3. Marginella muscaria, Lam. (—= formicula). Sowb., Thes. Conch.,
se IRR enacaneiccdce sconce nodoicosoonsocdg inees caaienecsh cosets Stccenee te aan 23
Plate 7.
4. Marginella turbinata, Sowb. . Reeve, Icon:, i. 12202. ccwcececnaeestcneres 23
5. Marginella Volutiformis, Reeve (—turbinata). Reeve, Icon.,131,b. 23
6. Marginella Tasmanica, Tenison-Woods. Specimen........ SisopceNOUC os: 23
7. Marginella opalina, LEARNS SPSCINVEN sere ceriectiaeseccsisecemnceee seseaves 3
8. Marginella aureocincta, Stearns. Specimen..............c00e sooseeeeens 24
9. Marginella deformis, Nevill. Kiister, t. 24, f. 15............. pdicbononot 24
10. Marginella fusiformis, Hinds. Sowb, hes) Comehis teyiidesssssaneeee 24
11. Marginella inflexa, Sowb. (— fusiformis). Thes., f. 132.............. 24
12. Marginella fusiformis, Hinds (— var. unilineata, Jouss.). Reeve,
Toons, fo. TO sscck ace es ib encase tarsiiecaeeesoscceeccsceseeelteccesnetoemmemateee 24
13. Marginella hzematida, Kiener. Sowb., Thes. Conch £: CO eee eee
14. Marginella electrum, Reeve (— - hiematida). Icon., f. USS | acboscsoe! 28!
15. Marginella Nevilli, Jousseaume. Kiister; ta 22. f.. liGtes.c esse eeeeeeee 24
16. Marginella Lantzi, Jouss. (= Nevilli). Kuster) t. 18) fi @rooccrcses ad:
17. Marginella picturata, Nevill. Kiister, t. 22, f. 14............... scesscs 25
18. Marginella festiva, Kiener. Sowb., Thes., f. 73......:00.sees-cerenveeee 25
19. Marginella scripta, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 83.......... «. . ‘op
20. Marginella Lifouana, Crosse. Kiister, [Pay ke 10. cco 25
21. Marginella Lucia, Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, t. 5, f£. 12,1876. 25
22. Marginella margarita, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f. 128...) 0 eee 25
23. Marginella candida, Sowb. (— margarita). Thes. Conch. 5 f.872..0 20
24. Marginella striata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 155, b............ssccsene 25
25. Marginella sulcata, Orb. (— striata). Moll. Cuba, t., 21, f55---- 25
26. Marginella scalaris, Jouss. (— striata). Kiister, t. 18, f. 3......... 25
27. Marginella Chaperi, Jouss. Kiister, t. NGi Bless, oe ca caneunteceeerceeee 26
28. Marginella pusilla, A. Ad. (— ee Redfield). Zool. Proc., t. 19,
Tab TES, Yin docosoococacnoOce cane pbob NECK anoddonapandcticancadeoaddosoonoangonsnsan 26:
29. Marginella translucida, Sows) LHeS it O2eeccececececesmnssesesentees 26
30. Marginella Strangei Angas (— - translucida). Zool. Proc., t. 26,
ete JUS Taemniaonasags0c0s noantioggg aecoonnHd opacodesasboscndaocies seas eaieneis-e aa aee eae
3l. Marginella serrata, Gaskoin, "Reeve, Toon:, f. 1245, Diarcshnseemee-saeee cee

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 251

FIGURE. PAGE.
32. Marginella Osteri, Jouss. Kiister, t. 18, f. 14................ Maes sess seit 20)
33. Marginella Australis, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 65............. 27
34. Marginella Metcalfei, Angas (— Australis). Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 9,

NS Uiiienecectsoscaies ceeeecceton celvio wale 1bibie we sss Ss aws'sne Seweu dee oecene teers steve Soe

Plate 8.

35. Marginella pygmeea, Sowb. (—translucida). Thes., f. 79............ 26
36. Marginella ochracea, Angas (— Australis). Zool. Proc., t. 1, f. 6,

US Wilts cecie hesmcwiaedaasisase sec vetuswclice catia siocsdeid sve euewdicicsa tasealdeeasness 27
37. Marginella vitrea, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 74............c000+ 27
38. Marginella inconspicua, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 80........cs.seceees 27
oo, Marginella Saulize)Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 68:...0..:...0-c00cace-+0 eee 27
AVee Marcinellacevanida, Sowb: Dhes:, f. G92:..-..ccscscesssesssicecesines- oom PAE
Hmevanginella suavis, Souverb. Kuster; t) 19) f 1O...c.s.sceaccsmcessseee 27
42. Marginella neglecta, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 135...........sseseeeeees Pal
43. Marginella rufula, Gaskoin (— neglecta). Reeve, Icon., f. 149, b.. 27
44, 45. Marginella marginata, Born. Reeve, Icon., f. 46, a, b..........- 28
46. Marginella cincta, Kiener (— marginata). Reeve, f. 44, a......... 28
47. Marginella Storeria, Couth. (— marginata). Bost. Jour N. Hist.,

mites able wlictetesaetrendjes cooks vcs ocoisbones ou ccackinacdebcleivae cue saemecstmcossonsne 28
48. Marginella crassilabrum, Reeve (= marginata). Icon., f. 92......... 28
49. Marginella Saulcyana, Petit (— marginata). Jour. de Conch., ii,

tire pela teecete nese isnersee thes canis vieies ana actianacle sels /avcecsitis stimtpesleseeaeeestencistse 28
50. Marginella Loroisii, Born (—marginata). Jour. de Conch., 2 ser.,

UM Gre O nutes) cet usisec stesinere ois ecuucles ave es cadesicetlest-ue en thas seebectnenenecntsias 28
51. Marginella amygdala, Kiener (— marginata). Reeve, Icon., f. 45, b. 28
52. Marginella curta, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f, 23, a..........ccseccorereseres 28
53, 54. Marginella crassilabrum, Sowb. (—labrosa, Redfield). Thes.

(Gaming, Ves TE een cases en LO de Ae 28

55, 56. Marginella gibbosa, Jousseaume. Kiister, t. 18, f. 10, 11....... 29
57. Marginella Keenii, Marrat. Aun. Mag. N. Hist., 4 ser., vii, t. 11,

ol eseaniaanteneitne set Wentaeebanwescaeieniaeve cvaanetelccals cent ede sstdceties=acinaapeeteiinns 29
58, 59. Marginella cerulescens, Lam. (— prunum, QGmel). Sowh.,

Hn eaeat lO oul oawereet sacs saeen a ceak oeeacisestiarsvoatecscecmutnenecceceemecenels 29
60. Marginella Burchardi, Dunk. (—prunum). Novit.Conch.,t.11,f.3. 29

61. Marginella Martinii, Petit (—prunum). Jour. de Conch., Vigne

lila (igs Sboncboenoss6ads aaacoebot odocacanS <SocopeonSodEBacaHpsaasoncoscoaKeoncsedad . .29

Plate 9.
62. Marginella sapotilla, Hinds (—prunum). Voy. Sulphur, t. 13, f.10. 29
63. Marginella quinqueplicata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 40, a...........-.. 30

64, Marginella quinqueplicata, Lam. Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, t. 45, f.18. 30
65. Marginella encaustica, Reeve (— quinqueplicata, juv.). Icon., f.

WAS Mabe ectiecane set eecms eee ne comet aseceinsauvecessciesscccesssseosasensiinaccs 30
66. Marginella quinqueplicata, var. Hainesii, Petit. Jour. de Conch.,

NUL ye Teme seta seca e ainie citealatalalc sisi cic ca sis ons casse\ouinelselalo osinaises eoamas seetsiar 30
67, 82. Marginella elegans, Gmel. Reeve, Icon., f. 4, b, 4, C.........++ 30
68. Marginella strigata, Dillw (—elegans). Reeve, Icon., f. 5, b...... 3
69. Marginella strigata, Dillw. (— elegans). Thes. Conch., f. ASE. 30
70. Marginella Burchardi, Reeve (— elegans), Conch. Icon., f. Saleen 10)
71. Marginella tricincta, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 181............ 3
72. Marginella immersa, Reeve (—tricincta). Conch. Icon., f. 109... 31
73. Marginella Traillii, Reeve. Icon., f. 114.............cssecerseersccereoeee 31

74. Marginella sexplicata, Dunker. Kiister, t. 16, f. 7.........-seeeees peseiol

259 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE, PAGE.

75. Marginella odoricyi, Bernardi. Kiister, t. 19, f. 6............ Boronos0c 31
76. Marginella Bernardii, Largill. Reeve, Icon., f. 38, b............--+00 31
83. Marginella Olivella, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 140, b.......-...es0eceeee 3
77, 80. Marginella oblonga, Swainson. Reeve, Icon., f. 51, a............ 32
78. Marginella amabilis, Redf. (— oblonga). Sowb., Thes., f. 114...... 32
79. Marginella rostrata, Redf. (— oblonga). Sowb., Thes., f. 107...... 32
81. Marginella longivaricosa, Lam. (-— guttata, Dillw.). Sowb., Thes.,
i eae esr cing 5 sot SaceeGnEORE seEpaerico ac suncocoacodanD dosasuasot coeeceosteeees 32
Plate 10.
84. Marginella nivosa, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch, f. 109.. beet
85. Marginella pruinosa, Hinds (—nivosa). Sowb., Thes., f. aie aoe 52
86. Marginella carnea, Storer. Sowb., Thes., f. 103 waselede tb ethaceh see eeeee 33
88. Marginella roscida, Redf. Tryon, Am. Mar. Conch., f. 90........... 33
89: -Murginella apicina, Menke: Sowb:, Thies, :t.199ss.2.-c-cercesseeeesere 5
90. Marginella conoidalis, Lam. (—-apicina). Sowb., Thes., f. 94.. 35
91. Marginella diaphana, Kien. (— pellucida, Pfr.). Sowb., Thes., f. 95. aia)
92. Marginella nitida, Hinds!” Sowb., Thes!, f lole-csc--)s-s-eceseasees 54
93. Marginella succinea, Conrad (— nitida). SPCCIMeNevsencsslnemeeiee 34
94, 95. Marginella Wallacei, Jouss. Kuster, t. 18, f. 9)\12..03...2032.-.- 34
96. Marginella cantharus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 110, d@............-.... 34
97. Maryinella Capznsis, Dunker. Reeve, Icon., f. 1138...............c006 » vod
98. Marginella paxillus, Reeve. Icon., f. 133, @..........-2c00-ce-weegeceeees 5
99. Marginella Kedfieldii, Tryon. Specimen...............ccessssce-+seseatecs 3B4
100. Marginella annuluta, Reeve. Conch. Icon.. f. 119, b..... .......0.0+ 55
1, 2. Marginella triplicata, Gaskoin. Reeve, Icon., f. 126............++ 35
5. Marginella bullata, Born. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 158 .............. 35
4. Marginella Cuvieri, Desh. (—bullata). Sowb., Thes., f. 159........ 3
5. Marginella angustata, Sowb. Thes, Conch., f. 169..........2+..seccees 35
6. Marginella blanda, Hinds. Sowb., Tkes., f. 167............ Be ueicbooe BD
7. \Marginella dactylus\ Hinds, | Sowb:, Lhesiit: USitre.ccmcensteceee=eee ts 36
8. Marginella elongata, Pease (— elliptica, Redf.). Am. Jour. Conch.,
ATL, ty ZB EN DO ean cok bec strat hcaecateraehiecemncteete ta setae Cceee ements 36
9. Marginella cornea, Lam Reeve, Icon, f. 525 b:.----.--cssesesnesneen 36
10. Marginella persicula, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Spel aa) narcraceocopaaouwiat30¢ 36
11. Marginella cingulata, Dillw. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 185.. 36
12. Marginella multilineata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 64.. 36
13. Marginella tessellata, Lam. (— porcellana, Gmel.). Gore “Thes., 5
FVD scuscaidstecsescicascsscddvcsiscscetsaveceeecesnce sec seesercporsite se eaeeeeeeeetE B37
Plate 11.
14. Marginella Kieneriana, Petit. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 68. a......... 37
15. Marginella maculosa, Reeve (— calculus, Redf.). Conch. Icon.,
£5, G5; oS Soy ctemenowost eo asueac sca sec Seoaewanesaenemionseteosiocte tees saneeeee een 37
16, 17. Marginella interrupta, Lam. (— interrupte-lineata, Muhlf.).
Sowhb., Phes.,\f).2..3; 205). ac: t.cesseeccedoncsecwaseee section oeeeoere teens 37
18, 19. . Marginella similis, Sowb. (— obesa, Redf.). Thes. Conch., f.
PACE YAU fer rocadat HOCUOL DOO SnD SEB DUE cuEOoABeoe SpeconconuadbonaceeuoadaGsosacopeec 37
20. Marginella imbricata, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 59, a......... 37
21. Marginella Vautieri, Bern. (— imbricata). Jour. de Conch., iv,
4g lls mee coo ac oboStoScMURE Rane dcodtetS-dcceceonnbcoodAstabadsoad acciucn ooonce 37
22. Marginella maculosa, Kiener. Iconog., t. 9, f. 40.............eseeceeeee 37
23. Marginella muralis, Hinds (— maculosa). Sowb., Thes:, f. 217..... 37
24. Marginella DeBurghie, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 68..............seseee- 58

FIGURE, PAGE.
25. Marginella pulchella, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f. 66... .....2+.+ssseeeee 38
26. Marginella phrygia, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 67...........-... 38
27. Marginella frumentum, Sowb. Reeve, Conch alcon.wteyileesesccces Te
28. Marginella catenata, Mont. Reeve, Icon., f. TOs Givessedacuecateseosess 3
29. Marginella catenata, Mont. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. DDOteseeaiesacs 3 38
30. Marginella pulcherrima, Gask. Sowb., Thes., f. 224......s0000ess-00 39
31. Marginella sagittata, Hinds. Sowb., Thes, f. 225........:ssessssereee 39
32. Marginella chrysomelina, Redfield. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. WWilece. 'a33)
38. Marginella Pacifica, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. WB), aie, PAU ogee OS)
34. Marginella dubiosa, Dall. Am, Jour. Conch., vii, t. 15, f. ifisteorres 39
35. Marginella ovulum, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 188........+.sscseeee seeee 40
36. Marginella occulta, Monts. Kiister, t. 23, f. 15... .....-2eseeeeeeeereeee 40
37. Marginella pisum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 156......2.4+-eeeseee senees 40
38. Marginella clandestina, Brocchi. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 216...... 40
39. Marginella pygmza, Issel (— Isseli, Nevill). Savigny, Des. Egypt,

lic (Bp, 1S 21d Reeinocobconcdcebondechveosenotod occcepesadenosaqs00™ ocbSDon0eGx6600e0 40
40. Marginella oryza, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 75, D........- see. seees ee enes 40
41. Marginella dens, Reeve. Conch. eins 1, WAU is eesonchoccundedodess000 40,
42. Marginella Guanacha. Orb. Moll. Canaries, t. 6, f. 33.........0c000+ 41
43. Marginella Ovuliformis, Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 20, f. SAA oacteecaeete ce 41
44. Marginella Lefevrei, Bernardi. Jour. de Conch., iv, t. 12, f. 11... 41
45. Marginella monilis, Linn. Reeve, Icon., f. 111............+- Me eee hese 41
46. Marginella Terveriana, Petit (— monilis). Reeve, Icon., f. 127... 41
47. Margiuvella miliaria, Linn. Sowb., Mhes= (Conch ute 25 Ub veee sacs serene 42
48. Marginella Savignyi, Issel (— miliaria). Savigny, Desc. Egypt,

(i (BH WG cbcceleebbnbecy eaumoocodaco eden Du acomamangeccodusbacuancesenaoD snbocgneK 42
49. Marginella carneola, Petit. Jour. de Conch., ii, t. 1, f. 14........... 42
50. Marginella pyrulum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 117....-....sseeseeeeeee 42
51. Marginella simplex, Reeve (— infelix, Jouss.). Conch. lee fellow 42

Plate 12.

52. Marginella asellina, Jouss. Kiister, Monog., t. 20, f. 9......seeee00. 42
53. Marginella lachryma, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 159............sesseeeee 3
54. Marginella Crossei, Velain. Arch. Zool. Exper., vi., t. ple Onwocee 43
55. Marginella subtrigona, Carpenter. Specimen..........0-.sssseseeeeeeee 3
56. Marginella regularis, Carpenter. Specimen... ..........sseseeeeeeeeee ees 43
57. Marginella Jewettii, Carpenter. Reeve, Icon., f. 146..............000+ 43
58. Marginella glandina, Velain. Arch. Zool. Exper, vi, t. 33 chro sot eal os
59. Marginella Benguelensis, Jouss. (— exilis, Gmel.). Kiister, t. 20,

Tie, Se neodsntboaecdan so0000 nndes Ho6H0D00C COS HooncOeuEnoublntonoupoeuacucacaconascer 51
60. Marginella minuta, Pfr. Philippi, Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 27, f. 23........ 5
61. Marginella Lavalleana, Orb. (— minuta). Reeve, tcon, f. 153...... 43
62. Marginella minima, Guild (—minuta). Sowb., Thes. Conch., f.220. 43
63. Marginella Sueziensis, Issel (— minuta). Savigny, Desc. Egypt,

lio Ti dl 7/scecddoondocodoads conscocon recon necsocbER one E Eo cEmanEAecedS dev eeobadode 43
64. Marginella Bensoni, Reeve. Icon., f. 158............-.:e0e eee never eeeees 44
65. Marginella minor, C. B. Ad. Reeve, TGOW hod see sscamnetiseecaee 44
66. Marginella pyriformis, Pease (— tran+lata, Redf.). Am. Jour.

CamnGli., Wil, fe Pai Miles do conqoabeuceeecondeaopsecoEcEeebecososcocodesbaaccoc 44
67. Marginella Angasi, Brazier. Kiister, Monog., t. 24, f. 14............ 45
68. Marginella polyodonta, Velain. Arch. Zool. Exp., vi, t. 3, f. 1..... 45
69. Marginella pygmxa, Garrett (— Sandwicensis, Pease). Pro. Phila.

Nea deen ton ote 2 (ie lO) oustedecanects teelsmiea's cana00)esteens + alabama resiescaiisiescla 45
70. Marginella Capensis, Stimpson (—Cystiscus, Redfield). Am. Jour.

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

Waneleralaatn Ob il 2.) aetcesincsns cculeeweis ss os «0's sese)ee nw seicsten dees cown aseeasees

46

254

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE,
71. Marginella semen, Reeve. Conch. Icon,, f. 145..................s0esse0s 46
72. Marginella pulvis, Jousseaume. Kiister, Monog. t. 20, f. 1........ . 46
73. Marginella Mariei, Crosse. Kiister, Monog., t. 24, f. 16.............. 46
74. Marginella ros; Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 147.0... <.2.c.-.s--aee> eaten nee TO
75. Marginella bulbosa, Reeve. Conch, Icon.; f. 144...............0.-2000- 46
77. Marginella Largillierti, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f, 22, b..............- 47
78. Marginella ovum, Reeve (— Largillierti). Icon., f. 89, a........... 47
79. Marginella quadrilineata, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., TAS; Goeeess 47
80. Marginella lilacina, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 176.............20c0+eceees 47

' 81, 82. Marginella, sarda, Kiener. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 174, 176... 47
883. Marginella Manceli, Jouss. (— sarda). Kiister, Monog.,t.18,f.7. 47
84. Marginella pallida, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 108............... 48
85. Marginelia pellicula, Marr. (— lucida, Marr.) Kiister, t. 23, f.12. 48
86. Marginella compressa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 180...........-....++-- 48
87. Marginella mustelina, Angas. Zool. Pro., t. 1, f. 5, 1871............ 48
88. Marginella fauna, Sowb. ‘hes. Conch., f. 126........0....ccseeseseeeees 48
89. Marginella alabaster, Reeve (— fauna). Conch. Icon., f. 107...... 48
90. Marginella diaphana, Kiister (— fauna). Monog,., t. 4, f. 6......... 48
91. Marginella Olivelleeformis, Jous3 Kiister, } Monogr. tr 20, fill ne: eas
92. Marginella zonata, Kiener, Iconog., t. 13; of 4020-2. es eereneeeneee 49
93, 94. Marginella bilineata, Krauss (— zonata). hes. Conch., f. 115,

DULG iesccesspncscecachicccecnors ssetececsecestecssl]-mcoacdesecstns taieete anc teemeaete 49
Plate 13.
95. Marginella micans, Petit. Kiister, Monog., t. 16, f. 13............00 49
96, 97. Marginella fusca, Sowb. (= exilis, Gmel.). Thes. Conch., f.
Mn Nee ne demancopacconcboasascane estavecheatdagitenddbag del anehae Cane eeeeae 51
98. Marginella lactea, Kiener. Sowb., Thes. Conch, f. 148............... 49
99. Marginella affinis, Reeve (— lactea). Conch. Icon., f. 136......... 49
100. Marginella subtriplicata, Orb. Reeve, Icon., f. 135.................+06 49
1. Marginella Mexicana, Jouss. Kiister, Monog., t. 20, f. 15........... 50
2. Marginella varia, Sowb. (—avena, Valenc.). Thes. Conch., f 137. 50
3, 8. Marginella varia, Sowerby (— avena, var. Beyerleana, Bern.).
Thes. Conch; $38; 53 9x. cased hdc cccteneos cece aceeeseeeeeee eee ene 50
4. Marginella livida, Reeve (—avena). Conch. Icon., f. 100............ 50
5. Marginella guttula, Reeve (—avena). Conch. Icon., f, 101......... 50
6. Marginella Philippinarum, Redfield. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 84... 51
7. Marginella triticea, Lam. (— exilis, Gmel ). Kiener, t. 6, f. 25...... 51
9. Marginella epigrus, Reeve (= exilis, juv.?). Conch. Icon., f. 151. 50
10. Marginella Benguelensis, Jouss. (— exilis). Kiister, t.20, f.16... 51
11. Marginella tribalteata, Reeve (— exilis). Conch. Icon., f. 102... 51
12. Marginella mediocincta, Sm? th. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 23, f.9... 52
13. Marginella Bouvieri, Jouss. (— mediocincta). Bull. Soc. Zool., i
tp he Oncepiaeicte esiiee snare aistalsemisclciec ciece'seloee|seecustasesauise Pees tees epee eee eee 52
14. Marginella rubella, C. B. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 183........... 52
15, Marginella navicella, Reeve (— rubella). Conch. Icon , f. 103, b.. 52
16. Margiuella teniata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 129...........c.sscsseoe vee 52
17. Marginella Verdensis, Smith (— teniata). Kiister, Conch. Cab.,
UG) tics sinen pa p00d0 Yon CooneaouaopED do IoosnT Hoosoeicanabocun bode coseoncnsnece: 52
18. Marginella Calameli, Jouss. (— secalina). Guerin’s Mag., t. 18,
Te pe Re H7 E27 gncononcend COO COOB SEA ALIOGS 286 HOGUEDLOD asgcacanabcdpodcs cosccc 53
19. Marginella rufescens, Reeve (— secalina). Conch. Teon:, fellas eee
20, 21. Marginella triticea, Sowb. (— secalina). Thes. Conch., fe 120,
Dd aes ame cinsidiessicbineesteneinsion «Scie vores cance stadeceee sree eater seston Ap odoce 53
22. Marginella-obscura, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f.,132....... .....c2s0s0s o« 52

FIGURE.

PAGE.
25. Marginella infans, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 150, a..........00-..0s0e+s 58
24. Marginella attenuata, Reeve Conch. Icon., f. ae SCO DUOUIND BOCOSCOUSTOE 53
25. Marginella heterozona, Jouss. Kiister, Conk: @albyy teezOnte Sasu.s O09
26. Marginella-cylindrica, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 134.............2c000 se 58
27. Marginella Peasei, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 108, b.............seeereee 58
28. Marginella Paumotensis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 28, f.22. 54
29. Marginella corusca, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 143, a.......c0ceccseseene 54
30. Marginella Bazini, Jous:. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 20, f. 5........... 54
31. Marginella Caledonica, Jouss. Bull. Soc Zool., i, t. 6, f. 9.........0. 54.
on Mancinellatsondiday Reeve. | icons ute Wail(scrs-aceseccscecencecsassseras-- 54
33. Marginella bnllula, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 189, b..........c0006 Pete Oe
34. Marginella fasciata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 14D She ee 54
35. Marginella Baylei, Jouss. Kiister, Conch. (O}AOse) Us dite, 45 Ha ecoaoor a)
26. Marginella bibalteata, Reeve (— gracilix, C. B. Ad.). Conch. lc.,

freer) Verctemicte srercth ate crete are hp Siletaiavereisinatavareisceisos oie ere sis pistag oeaiteweiaclslscidie esis eis eniciieiscisels 55
387. Marginella albolineata, Orb Moll. Cuba, t. 20, f. 28.............0000. 35
38. Marginella pyriformis, Carpenter. Specimen..........cceccecesseseseees 41
39, Marginella rubens, Martens. Conch. Mitth., ii, t. 23, f. 1............ 30
40. Marginella Patagonica, Martens. Conch. Mitth., ii, t. 25, f. 4..... 51

Plate 14.

41 Olivella mutica, Marr. (— Verreauxi, Ducros) eae Conch., f. 4. 66
42. Olivella mica, Ducles (= Verreauxi). Monog., t. 1, f. 12............ 64
43, 44. Olivella mutica, Say. Weinkauff, in Kiister, a OO: Tea Gssee ene 64
45, 46. Olivella pusilla, Marrat (— mutica). Thes Conch., f. 357, 3858. 64
47. Olivella rufifasciata, Reeve (— mutica). Thes. Conch., f. 449...... 64
48, 49. Olivella nitidula, Dillw. (— mutica, var.). Weinkauff, in

HMISKer Rte UME ately waausiereewnonctdaromeaneresaaecs smesalcie slealeanteinaseetreceee 64
50, 51. Olivella zigzag, Duclos (— mutica, var. nititula). Monog,, t

Ara leilw lM arvcce tai) Sake Saco vierases cede telsnas ot ssiacestesuestesnconsatsacerest 64
52. Olivella fimbriata, Reeve (— mutica, var. nitidula Conch. Ie.,

TZ Sewmaecnalere sess Se ee ee eaten Soon aieeei ae nacewni seo snidasedeencecemates 64
538. Olivella micula, Marr. (— mutica, var, nitidula). MThes. Conch.,

itt, 2@epeccsoocostoocoéoogaoaducoade cedbsuenbsunabol coanonrashoccdsnoocd nucnoabacoce 64
54. Olivella miliola, d’Orb. (— mutica, var. nitidula). Moll. Cuba, t

Peeks Merten ane seme ans Sasesione tnok s sarnsiele sesleles veisecenec adenseessecem ue ssineate 64
55. Olivella strigata, Reeve (— mutica, var. nitidula). Conch. Icon.,

GI 2 OTe ee eee ee Seer eae Si ooun cewiis a ceeslnemaeaicay casestuementeme cemeenerts 64
So Olivella, mandarma. Ducloss)) Monog., t. 1, f.)20.. no. .-.0.ce ce-cacosenes 65
57. Olivella Tunguina, Duclos (—- mandarina). Monog., t. 6, f. 2...... 65
Hom Olvellamosalimeay Dicloss Monoge, t. Wit. 20.....cccssecsserescansanerne 65
59. Oliveila Sowerbyi, Ducros (— rosalina). Rev. Crit., t. 8, f. 108, a. 65
60. Olivella Volutelloides, Marr. (— rosalina). ‘hes. Conch., f. 486... 65
61. Olivella petiolita, Duclos. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 394................ 66
62. Olivella intorta, Carp. (= petiolita). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 455.. 66

3. QOlivella mica, Marr. (— petiolita). Thes. Conch. appli, AUS }onanoconcb0cte 66

64. Olivella plana, Marrat. Thes. Se f. 463.. aescelesresse som OO
Dome Olwellavsthem= Duclos, © Momo mit d, te) Gc.ccec.seccscieccnceaioesse ses 66
66, QOlivella columba, Duclos (= Eaten), INTOMLO Gea Ueren) tal tent ne senjocete 66
67. Olivella tergina, Duclos. Reeve, Icon., f. 80, G..........c0cssececeeee oe 66
68. Olivella pulchella, Reeve (— nivea, Gmel.). Oa igo ksbedacscanedac 67
69. Olivella zanoeta, Duclos (= zonalis). Monog,, t. 2, f. 9...........+00 67
70. Olivella columellaris, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 348 sigs stesarammsctetnece se 67
71. Olivella semistriata, Gray (- columellaris). Thes. Conch., f. 351. 67
72. Olivella attenuata, Reeve (— columellaris). Conch. Icon., f. 90, b. 67

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

256 REFERENCE TO PLATES,

FIGURE. PAGE.
73. Olivella affinis, Marr. (— columellaris). hes. Conch., f. 352...... 67
74. Olivella nivea, Gmel. Reeve, Coneh. Ieons;, £1645 an.ceeeceseeeeonee 67
75. Olivella parvula, Martini (— nivea), Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 373. 67
76. Olivella Guildingii, Reeve (— nivea). Conch. Icon., f. 89, b i Reee es son OU
77. Olivella monilifera, Reeve (— nivea). Conch. Icon., fe 84, Dees 67
78. Olivella pulchella, Reeve (— nivea). Conch. Icon., f 98, b......... 67
79. Olivella dealbata, Reeve (— nivea). Conch. lIcon., f. 71.............. 67
80. . Olivella rubra, Marr. (= nivea). Thes. Conch., f. 459................. 67
81. Olivella fulgida, Reeve (— nivea). Conch. Icon., f. 78, a........... 67
82. Olivella inconspicua, Marr. (— nivea). Thes. Conch., {.4Steteee 67
88. Olivella Reevei, Ducros (— nivea). Revue Critique, es 1008........ 67
84. Olivella diadochus, Ad. and Rve. (—nivea). Marr., Thes. Conch.,

£. ABBis. cca Raarecacovcs sesvedieslecdsmanseaes seadecewn chen chiesbeoecuseeeie mater 67
85. Olivella cuneata, Marr. (— nivea). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 383... 67
86. Olivella scurra, Marr. (—nivea). Marr, Thes. Conch., f. 380... 67
87. Olivella myriadina, Marr. (— nivea). Thes. Conch, f. 440......... 67
88. Olivella miliacea, Marr. (= nivea). ‘hes. Conch., f. 441............ 67
89. Olivellanivea, Ginelini. in. cocd. ee svn cso h oc cavescccchncctelvecescelt chee e ie eeteee 67
90. Olivella myriadina, Duclos. Monog., t. 5, f. 2..........ccsccesseee acess 68
91, 92. Olivella exigua, Mart. (= jaspidea, Gmel). Thes. Conch.,

Ee SOO AOU eistives feretteaeancsivnte cate Beatede ceengae cine cites tate sents etiam 68
93, 94. Olivella piperita, Marr. (— jaspidea). Thes. Conch, f. 402,

MO Bissecveciedae ste sieecexsvlsutsdsb.ceereseesemesege cess deren Seanemseest Saeco tee eEeeaee 68
95, 96. Olivella tehuelchana, Orb. Weinkauff, in Kiister, t. 37, f. 14,

te Cp fe Qian stcctiviweseassaccdscescheconttesasessoas qeacsenedcentoesseeemeeeeene 68
97. Olivella pura, Reeve (— tehuelchana). Conch. Icon., f. 97........... 68
98. Olivella alba, Marr. (= floralia, Ducl.). hes. Conch., f. 390..... 68

Plate 16.
99, 100. Olivella elongata, Marr. (— floralia). ‘Thes. Conch., f. 386, 387. 68

* 1. Olivella bullula, Reeve (— tehuelchana, Orb). Icon., f. 96......... 68

2,3. Olivella floralia, Duclos. Weinkauff, Kiister, t. 36, f. 13, 16..... 68
4, Olivella lepta, Duclos: ~Monooy, ti £.82....2cc.-cenneecttesssneesaeener 69
5, 6. Olivella fabula, Marr. (= - lepta). Thes. Conch., f. 420, 421...... 69
7, 8. Olivella lanceolata, Reeve (- lepta). Weinkauff, te olnetenl ane 69
9. Olivella pulicaria, Marr. (= lepta). Thes. Conch., f. 464 Sepocmaccoc: 69
10. Olivella exilis, Marr. (— lepta). hes. Conch., f. 452 P dawaisae ona etios 69
11. Olivella fulgurata, Ad. and Reeve (— lepta). Marr., thes Conch.,

f. ADB alae ice adlon cries on odeclseseteciieeteses ates calesntvesieeses hence ee ee Ree eee eee 69
12,18. Olivella Fortunei, Ad. Marr., Thes. Conch., £; ADD aR Bceccacees 69
14. Olivella pulchra, Marr. (— Roreaneae Thes. Conch., f., AO osaeee 69
15. Olivella spreta, Gould (— Fortunei?). E. A. Sia. Zool. Proc.,

t.° 205° £505 VST Goose nk son acsccosocovesgeategeeee esas st sseceeecne sis aeeeeeenee 69
16, 17. Olivella leucozonias, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 67, a, b.............. 69
18:> Olivellatundatella; Duclos:) Monog.; t. 55 f/5)-..2.-6-c--me sere eetnceeaeee 70
19. Olivella pulla, Marr. (= Anazora). Thes. Conch., f. 411............ 69
20, 21. Olivella versicolor, Marr. (— Anazora). Thes. Conch., f. 377, 378. 69
22. Olivella compta, Marr. (— Anazora). 'Thes. Conch., f. 432.......... 69
23. Olivella Capensis, Sowb. (— Anazora?). Thes. Conch., PAG Oherere 69
24,25. Olivella puelchana, d’Orb. Weinkauff, t. 36, f. 1, 3.......csce00e- 70
26. Olivella gracilis, Brod. and Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 46................. 70

Plate 17.
27. Olivella tenuis, Marrat (— gracilis). Thes. Conch., f. 385........... 70
28, 29. Olivella beetica, Carp. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 409, 410,...,.,... 71

REFERENCE TO PLATES. O57

FIGURE. PAGE.
30. Olivella Pedroana, Conr. (— beetica’?). Pac. R. R. Rept., v, t. 6,
TiS Si coda eon Hone peace ie bepede i ococ cil onnnodda Ses HAC Eceah ncosececneducheaen 7
31. Olivella nota, Marr. (— betica). Thes. Conch., f. 428...............+ 7]
32, 38. Olivella exquisita, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1871, t. 1, f. 2.......-.04 7a
34, Olivella alectona, Ducl. (— btica). Monog., t. 4, bis, f. 16......... 71
35-37. Olivella undatella, Lam. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 258, 260,261. 70
~ 38. Olivella nodulina, Duclos (—undatella). Monog., t. 5, f.14....... 70
39. Olivella dama, Mawe. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 369...........c.sceeceee 71
40. Olivella pulchella, Duclos. Monog., t. 5, f. 12..........sccesceeseceseees 71
41. Olivella Brazieri, Angas (—exquisita). Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 6, 1877. (al
42,43. Olivella triticea, Duclos. Momnog., t. 1, f. 5, 6...........seceeeeeeeee 72
44. Olivella pardalis, Ad. and Angas (— triticea). Zool. Proe., 1868,
HM SAM See ces ie vsSeciencsaisesceeencemeacs secenestennsscecteacisies telctetmcotasincias 72
45. Olivella leucozona, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 37, f. 28, 1863.. 72
46. Olivella nympha, Ad. and Ang. Weinkauff, t. 58, f. 10................ 72
47. Olivella simplex, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 25, f. 24.......... Uz
48. Olivella nitens, Dunker (— simplex). Thes. Conch., f. 389.......... 72
49, 50. Olivella volutella, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 54, b, ¢......... 73
51. Olivella rasamola, Duclos (— volutella). Monog,, t. 6, f. 6 ......... 73
52. Olivella pellucida, Reeve (— lepta). Conch. Icon., f. 85, b......... 69
Plate 18.
de. Oliva porphyria, Linn. Reeve, Icon., f. 2, &.......0.0sssscecerecesesseres 74
54. Oliva splendidula, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 17, D -....csssscsseeecesees 74.
bo-of. Oliva Peruyiana, lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 14... ....50..c..cuessceree 74
58. Oliva Peruviana, Lam. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 62...............00.0- 74
59. Oliva quersolina, Duclos (— episcopalis). Monog., t. 10, f. 7....... 74
60. Oliva episcopalis, var. lugubris. Reeve, Icon., f. 24, a..........-..0 74
Plate 19.
61. Oliva episcopalis, Lam. Thes. Conch., f. 49...... .........00.---+eseeee an Wife!
62. Oliva atalina, Duclos (= episcopalis). Monog., t. 10, f. 10......... 74
63. Oliva fulva, Marr. (?=—episcopalis). Weinkauff, t. 33, f. 7......... 74
64-66. Oliva cruenta, Dillw. (— guttata, Lam.). Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
Ifo BAU) Ge dkic does hBoShOoOHeoe oda DEOUE eNOS EUR OOD OnE EUSA SA DRST EEE: Iontiane bé.cpHAosanb 74
67. Oliva mantichora, Ducl. (—guttata, Lam.). Monog., t. 16, f. 8... 74
68-70. Oliva inflata (Chemn,), Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 31......... 75
Plate 20.
71-74. Oliva inflata (Chemn.), Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 31......... 75
75, 76. Oliva lacertina, Quoy (—inflaia). Voy. Uranie, t. 72, f.4,5... 75
ieee Oliva tiorina Mame eReevenmlConey dle2il) Bese cteeceesecessesceslctmn cares 75
78. Oliva holoserica, Mart. (—tigrina). Marrat, Thes, Conch,, f. 178. 75
Oe Olivamutula: Ducloss veeverslcont. t. OO! ...cs.cocesseccdcncastcescseaes 75
80. Oliva glandiformis, Marr. (—tigrina). Thes. Conch., f. 175........ 75
81, 82. Oliva elegans, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 20, a, C...........+06 76
83. Oliva flava, Marr. (— elegans). Thes. Conch., f. 156...............4. 76
Plate 21.
84. Oliva infrenata, Marr. (—elegans). Thes. Conch., f. 161........... 76
85. Oliva Hemiltona, Duclos. (—elegans). Thes. Conch., f. 96........... 76
86, 87. Oliva tricolor, Lam. (— elegans, var.). Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
AZAR Dee eee sieceemes taco amare cack ntetsteless sores tcice cei ada nosteseistisenbulseeen eG

30

258 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE, PAGE.
88. Oliva tringa, Duclos. (— elegans, var. tricolor). Monog., t. 8, f.6. 76
89: Oliva .calosoma, Duclos... Kiister; /t.025, if. 9cc.2c.ssesrleceseo-eanaeeeeees 76
90: Oliva avellana, bam: Kiister; t: 23) foie... .ccsc-ceseeesesses saeieeeeeeee 76
91. Oliva Mariz, Duclos (—araneosa, Lam.). Kiister, t. 23, f. 7....... Berke
92. Oliva similis, Marrat (— Lecoquiana). Thes. Conch., f. 206......... 77
93. Oliva stellata, Duclos (— Lecoquiana, Ducros). Monce:s t. 8, £12. 77
94. Oliva bulbiformis, Duclos.. Marr:, Thes. Conch?, f 201 2temnse-- it
95, 96. Oliva bulbiformis, Duclos. Reeve, Icon., f. 26, Djn@se-sese-e-deeee 77

97. Oliva maura, Lam. (— funebralis, Lam.). Reeve, Icon., $210; veces ee
98, 99. Oliva leucostoma, Duclos (— funebralis). Thes. Conch., f.

143, T45.sicccssstesss sets ssestonsetes du pncwsdjaseses cous sclcbsises seer mtie se seen 77
Plate 22.

100. Oliva inornata, Marr. (—funebralis). Thes. Conch., f. 156 ....... rae
1. Qliva propinqua, Marr. (—funebralis). Thes. Conch., f. 142...... 77
2. Oliva lutea (—funebralis). Thes. Conch., f. 445........cesccee cesseess 77
3. Oliva dactyliola, Ducl. (— funebralis, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 208. 77
4. Oliva picta, Reeve (— funebralis, var. dactyliola). Conch. Icon.,

Po TD: sacieis vacesiss cassie stdcccnpeless ce seul dese ovate seeweacas ven eas eeeeee a eee 77

5. Oliva blanda, Marr. (— funebralis, var. dactyliola). hes. Conch.,

PO DBT ss dosaletacss sedsdocabesvescsscdsssaeusssecssacesesct Sects seteeteeeseeeneaene 17

6. Oliva mustellina, Lam. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 273.............c0006 78

7. Oliva Caroliniana, Ducl. (—mustellina). Kiister, t. 32, f. 8......... 78

8. Oliva angustata, Marr. (—mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 183...... 78

9. Oliva levis, Marrat (—mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 331........... 78

10. Oliva scitula, Marrat (—mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 77........... 78
11. Oliva grata, Marrat (—mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 470............ 78
12. Oliva Pacifica, Marrat (— mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 151........ 78
13. Oliva arctata, Marrat (— mustellina). Thes. Conch., '. 230 eo cedenee 78
14. Oliva cana, Marrat (—mustellina). Thes. Conch., . 52:2 eee ceeee 78
15. Oliva Octavia, Duclos (—neostina). Chenu, t. 28, F.2D) 2eecdoeseeee 78

16-20. Oliva neostina, Duclos. Monog., t. 19, f. 11, 13, 12, 15, 16..... 78

Plate 23.

21-24. Oliva maura, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 10, b, d, e, f........ 78
25, 26. Oliva maura, Lam. Marr., Thes. Conch , f. 137, 140............ 78
(Fig. 26 represents O. Macleaya, Duclos.)

27, 28. Oliva sanguinolenta, Lam. Reeve, Couch. lcon., f, 25, a, b...... 79

29. Oliva evania, Duclos (—sanguinolenta). Thes. Conch., f. 163..... 79

Plate 24.
30. Oliva Keeni, Marrat (—sanguinolenta). Thes. Conch., f. 164...... 79
31, 82. Oliva irisans, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 8;-a, d..........-.... 79
33. Oliva pintamella, Ducl. (—sanguinolenta). Chenu, t. 35, f 8...... 19
34-=36.. QOlivaiirisans; Lam. Kiister, t- 20) £15 7, S..--caeessce-nesceemeneen vc)
37.. Oliva irisans;;lam. Reeve, Jcon.;:f.8;¢2s.-cecesecesese = see eee eee eee 79
38. Oliva Philantha, Duclos (—irisans). Duclos., t. 20, f. 6............ 79
39. Oliva galeola, Duclos (—irisans). Monog., t. 28, fe G:: aee eee aeeeeeee 79
40, 41. Oliva concinna, Marr. (—irisans, var.). Thes. Conch , f. 100,
VOD Zon dca octoecasecsbusececassoseses cove! etsacstvat ale snervanhecesose teeters 79
42. Oliva cylindracea, Marr. (—irisans, var.). Thes. Conch., f.193*.. 79
Plate 25.
43. Oliva clara, Marrat (— irisans, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 200........ 79

44. Oliva lignaria, Marrat (—irisans, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 196...... 79

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.
45. Oliva ornata, Marrat (— irisans, var.). Thes. Conch, f. 108........ 79
46. Oliva tremulina, Lam. (—irisans, var.). Reeve, Icon., f. 6, b...... 79
47. Oliva tremulina, Lam. (—irisans, var.). Marr., Thes. Conch., f.118. 79
48. Oliva nobilis, Reeve (—irisans, var, tremulina). Conch. Icon., f.

Onanadrsdeciinee cnaasisec<cs coco soccee cone coumaededs decesecucsccisonatecnssdtocascnses 79
49. Oliva tenebrosa, Marr. (—irisans, var. tremulina). Thes. Conch.,
Heel Tisesscees Mpsiscaeleesesecduicacesnapetocesspaceeaces SebeeseOnseneamertontaesesas 79
Plate 26.
50. Oliva fumosa, Marrat (—irisans, var. tremulina). Thes. Conch.,
PLO ee. ES ROC BSCE SECC ARGUE odUB aI coc ode oc edb Hcd 6oadSOnG. connd- oC ObSC BOS OEEGOS 79
51; 52. Oliva Olympiadina, Duclos (—irisans, var. tremulina). Reeve,
GONE VECO, C3. sesncsisecises case speeches ssaecrovscsdeeseccucseusesteasedvecesesss 79
53. Oliva erythrostoma, Lam. (—irisans, var.). Marr., Thes. Conch.,
HEM Omran ceedienescte dos sccescsemeccucncucevansecMocsversdscce wenceceaaetomeadane 79
54. Oliva iremulina, part (— irisans, var. erythrostoma). Marr., Tkes.
Come neh st UNG Fe s0.8 ocarceosseevocetess each ae catcasee ateecenmecnaesedauedcos 79
Plate 27.
55. Oliva azemula, Duclos (— irisans, var. erythrostoma). Monog.,
tie Ue Te Bk ccachoaccd cng oABsCUoUgeotorbOdous SouncaceEn pBnosuods shujacese acoodsect 79
56. Oliva mazaris, Duclos (= irisans, var. erythrostoma). Monog.,
Lg ZAUS Ui tel b sa ceper OCOCE CORB AS UE CEE Ceo ACT Me BEE EC ACRE CREB Occreonade acm ac bear 79
57, 58. Oliva Sylvia, Duclos (— irisans, var. erythrostoma). Chenu,
Monte hve Leiba 4 ote Ml Os a sthcsseceweles caescacle te asessasccemesseadcaeee 79
59, 60. Oliva textilina, Lam. (—irisans, var.). Reeve, Icon., f.9,a,¢.. 79
61. 62. Oliva Melchersi, Menke (— araneosa, Lam.). Marr., Thes.
Wong hes et ll MO es sos6 .5)scdce sd sscasscsastess Savelcbeus calvin denisiousstese scence == 81
’
Plate 28.
63. Oliva oblonga, Marr. (— araneosa). Thes. Conch., f. 14.............. 81
64. Oliva pindarina, Duclos (— araneosa). Monog., t. 16, f. 8.......... 81
65. Oliva subangulata, Phil. (—araneosa). Thes. Conch., f. 3........... 81
66. Oliva fuscata, Marr. (— araneosa). Thes. Conch., f. 21.............. 81
67. Oliva oriola, Duclos (— araneosa). Monog., t. 10, f. 2.............06 81
68. Oliva harpularia, Lam. (— araneosa). Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 28,b.. 81
69. Oliva intertincta, Carp. (—araneosa). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 99.. 81
70. Oliva violacea, Marr. (— araneosa). Thes. Conch., 113) Ospoeueoddons 81
71. Oliva venulata, Lam. (— araneosa, var.). Ducl., Monog Sligo, cell
72. Oliva punctata, Marr. (— araneosa, var. venulata). Thes. Conch.,
baal OPremcc tele ce slaneetiapisiiedalse wos \ esses saan Bits tloesveavannasc cast ala Sables hk sceeee ee 81
73. Oliva pindarina, Marr. (= araneosa, var. venulata). Thes. Conch.,
fy SA seas i caenaswec(stes cb acla caus swevses’s huactisu se cashoce decks acdeegccesaseerotaces 81
74. Oliva Juliettee, Duclos (—= araneosa, var.). Monog., t. 16, f. 4...... 81
Plate 29.
75, 76. Oliva Timorensis, Duclos Ge araneosa, var. sere 6 Monog.,
telnet ae lle vo Aa LAcceneneaeenen FOL
77. Oliva Cumingii, Reeve (e araneosa, * var. . Juliette). “Coneh. Icon.,
Tod |e kee pocdeS Aga bag On doCHCOBOCSCOL SoAS TCC BEC A SESE HOO EERE REE GScone eG Honconcan 81
78. Oliva Mariz, Ducros (— araneosa, var. Juliette) Reeve, t
aD Osea eanieiic sec sens cceccas cents noscaceeaaceds sts bawa waldeaen'ed tues omseielecielctia 81
79. Oliva obesina, Duclos (— araneosa, var. Juliette). Monog., t. 16,
81

it d(Veaccecocoacos aesoveeces faces eosetseeccess Jigghcbnsodoodatooconosndce edoctnbe aes

260 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.
80. Oliva porcea, Marrat (— araneosa, var. Juliette). Thes. Conch.,
« ODasenedaesaabablect erat diel eives.icelslecitemtioe seem meetess tee See sameeren eee neee 81
81. Oliva graphica, Marr. (— araneosa, var. Julietts:). Thes. Conch.,
£136... sissies davnurobowad soksis's sas vcueteanmeatene ces nasines cs cees ota eeee eee eae 81
82. Oliva truncata, Marr. (— araneosa, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 41...... 81
83. Oliva polpasta, Duclos (— araneosa, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 43..... 81
84. Oliva angulata, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 1, a.............0.- Bsccocn0 . kom
Plate 30.
85. ‘Oliva scripta, Lam. Reeve; Icon. ie 2diccssescsc-ceccrcesnertacernneeetts 82
86. Oliva fusiformis, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. ae Discs oeeenocnetenee 83
87. Oliva onisca, Duclos (— fusiformis). Chenu, [is BPG tin telacondoancnecosc 83
88. Oliva Aldinia, Duclos (— fusiformis). Chenu, eA Tis flog uaasono5es 83
89. Oliva bullata, Marrat (— fusiformis). Thes. Conch., {PASS Trees 83
90, 91. Oliva reticularis, ham. -Thes: Conch. f) 47..5adseescetneeeeeeneeeee 83
92. Oliva ustulata, Lam. (— reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 25............ 83
93. Oliva tisiphona, Duclos (— reticularis). Chenu, t. 17 its 18... SOOO . 83
94. Oliva memnonia, Duclos (— reticularis). Chenu, te; tee 20 emcees 83
95. Oliva Sowerbyi, Marrat (— reticularis). Thes Conch., Pola 83
Plate 31.
96. Oliva figura, Marrat (— reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 45............ 83
97. Oliva Bewleyi, Marrat (— reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 44......... 83
98. Oliva Jamaicensis, Marrat (— reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 26..... 83
99. Oliva hepatica, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 27......... 83
100. Oliva formosa, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 29......... 83
1. Oliva nivosa, Marrat (— reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 276........... 83
z. Oliva olorinella, Duclos (— reticularis). Monog., aK 6; PllGrecec 83
3. Oliva brunnea, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes. Conch.., 1s WD nocos08¢ 83
4. Oliva oriola, Duclos (= reticularis). Monog., t. 10, fDi. een 83
5. Oliva litterata, Lam. Marrat, Thes: Coneh. \f. 276. cic. ccceceseeeecmne 83
6. Oliva circinnata, Marrat (= litterata). Thes. Conch., f. 277....... Ate)
7. Oliva multiplicata, Reeve (— litterata). Conch. Ic., f. 52, b....... Ag) tele
8. Oliva Stainforthi) Reeve: “Conch. le:, i. 40-2-.-.c- ere. ceeebenceee eee 84
9, Oliva: hieroglyphica, Reeve. (Coneh. Wc), P68... -ccsessecee sees eneeeere 84
Plate 32.
10: (Oliva polita, Marrat..) “thes: (Conch: ii Si oe en. -seesth-snesceereeeeeeeeee 84
11. Oliva marmorea, Mart. (— flammulata, Lam.). Marrat, Thes.
Coneh... -f. Wee coos ceicecws coesstsessansee ccnvessceeecsenececteeote eee eereee 84
12, 13. Oliva jaspidea, Duclos (— Duclosi, Reeve). Marr., Thes.
Conch; £279) 268s be.s.c5508e lieve Seedeesmee ceaeaeee staat eshte ee eee 85

14. Oliva lentiginosa, Reeve (— Duclosi, Reeve). Conch. Ic., f. 45, a. 85
15. Oliva esodina, Duclos (= Duclosi, Reeve). Chenu, t. 16, f. 20... 85

16. Oliva Natalia, Duclos (— Duclosi, Reeve). Chenu). t. Zit sees 85
17. Oliva Sandwichensis, Pease (— Duclosi, Reeve). Marr., Thes.
Conch, *f. (8222.5 ic. aistesacieccad ves swnedslase ace see cebiccknes eeeee een eeeneeeenes 85
18. Oliva Thomasi, Crosse. Jour. de Conch., ix, t. 6, f. 4, 1861......... 85
19. (Oliva Australis Duclos] Monog.siteic) teSecneecen\en siete aet se eee eeee 5 tet)
20. Oliva caldania, Duclos (— ee Monog 5.10; titaerecesesseee 85
21. -Oliva paxillus; Reeves Conch: Wei) fj 065 bee--pecreeeesesseeeeeeeteneet 85

22. Oliva ozodona, Duclos (— paxillus). Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 94.. 85
23. Oliva nitidula, Duclos. (— paxillus). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 91., 85
24, 25. Oliva panniculata, Duclos. Monog., t. 5, f. 17, 18............s000« 86

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.
26. Oliva aniomina, Duclos. Monog., t. 8, f. 2.........ccccccecncesccocecoeoes 86
27.. Oliva rufopicta, Weink. (— aniomina). Kiister, t. 23, f. 12......... 86
28. Oliva Kaleontina, Duclos. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 49.........ccceesse0es 86
PO MmMOlivanycmosa Reever Conchenl@ tires ac-lcceu sje costeeseeetsiislsic> 86

Plate 33.

30 ~=Oliva calosoma, Marr. (— Lecoquiana). Thes. Conch............... 17
31. Oliva nedulina, Ducl. (— undatella). Monog., t. 5, f. 14.............. 70
82. Oliva candida, Lam. (— ispidula). Thes. Conch., f. 257............. 86
33. Oliva ispidula, pars, Marrat (— Broderipii, Ducr.), Thes. Conch.,

ti 22D pecooadcodupbenede ncescaucomeasoccedenodecbougsccoe dann oncn bocco0 usdoncoocunE 86
34-39. Oliva ispidula, Linn. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 247, 249, 250,

FAB PUB a ye 71 )e 2 deo Or aba Bee eBena sees Hcnoe 000 Buco pun EEEeE Cenmothonodanducnod dee! 86
40. Oliva flaveola, Duclos (— ispidula). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 255... 86
41. Oliva candida, Lam. (— ispidula). ‘Thes. Conch., Tip il aadegackaabnde 86
42, 29, 28. Oliva tigridella, Duclos (— ispidula). Monogr., trOuteulos

seul Giroteamraes raat accrorsece Socwe acess acer cuelsoncs sclcsctraltweswenscrectntionswasescs 86
43, Oliva egira, Duclos (—ispidula), Chenu, [1]. Conch., t. 5, f. 24... 86
44, 27. Oliva sidelia, Duclos. Thes. Conch., f. 231, 282................060 87
45. Oliva volvaroides, Duclos (— sidelia). Reeve, lcon., f. 59.......... 87
46. Oliva athenia, Duclos (= sidelia). Monog., t. 26, f. 17........ lakes 87
47. Oliva mucronata, Marrat (= sidelia). Thes. Conch., f. 274......... 87
48. Oliva lepida, Duclos (— sidelia). Marr., Thes. Conch, f. 219...... 87
49. Oliva todosina, Duclos (= sidelia). Monog, t. 25, f. 10.............. 87
50. Oliva faba, Marrat (= sidelia). Thes. Conch., f. 238...............0.. 87
51. Oliva tigrina, Meuschen (— tessellata, Lam.). Thes. Conch., f. 224. 87
o2— Olivarcarneola; Gmelin. Reeve; Icon:, f: 60; C...-.. 23s. c-scncceccvccwnes 87

Plate 34.

53. Oliva ponderosa, Duclos (— irisans, Lam.). Thes. Conch., f. 104. 79
54. Oliva Mauritiana, Mart. = -maura, Lam. e Thes. Conch., f. 140... 78
(55. Oliva flammulata, Lam. Duclos, Mono gay te OO yah Aaveerettreaemaecencise 84
56. Oliva mereatoria, Marr. Ge fusiformis, ee ). Thes. Conch., f. 268. 83
57. Oliva tisiphona, Duel. (— reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. BGA bse 83
58. Oliva biplicata, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. AS uanesvecascecesneaene 87
69. Oliva Orbignyi, Marrat. Thes. Conch., £ 25Shat eee 88
60-63. Oliva hiatula, Gmel. Thes. Conch., : BOG oaqreceoaacoondass00C 88
64, Oliva pallida, Swains. (— hiatula). Thes. aeuane $i) Ge |S }oncoubanocoad 88
65. Oliva testacea, Lam. (— hiatula). Thes. Conch., f. 334 .............. 88
66. Oliva indusiaca, Reeve (— hiatula). Conch. Icon., f. 43, b........... 88
67. Oliva hiatula, Gmel. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 5, f. 17..........0.ccccee--- 88
Plate 35.

68. Oliva Steerix, Reeve (— hiatula). Icon., f. 37........cssseeesceeeceere 88

69. Oliva Ancillarioides, Reeve (—hiatula). Weinkauff, Kiister, t. 28,
fey Mil eapatera cate este iomelsironsiniasnaedos seca ste tencaiskdnssleisiews aeciasiee vase BDEOSOReG 88
7 Olivaicincta, Reeve (== hiatula). Icon, f. 47, D........--.sss.ss-0cae 88
a. Oliva acuminata, Lam. Marrat, Thes: Conch., f. 319.....0....0...c.06 88
72-75. Oliva lutaria, Bolt. (— acuminata). Thes. Conch., f. 316-318,
Pre Meeetnteatatnaccc chee tence) ecbaesemac aijascssacchencesseecaaeeseacidesctieeeors 88
76. Oliva Barthelemyi, Ducr. (— acuminata). Rev. Cheilttnig tic tts}, Ehscpoce 88
77. Oliva modesta, Reeve (— acuminata). Icon., f. 83, @.........cecee wee 88
78. Oliva annotata, Marrat (— acuminata), Thes. Conch , e oil aacece 88
79, 80. Oliva canta, Marrat (— acuminata). Thes. Conch , f. 327, 328. 88

262 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE, PAGE,
81. Oliva Labuanensis, Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 312..................sc0- 89
82. Oliva ligneola, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 57.............c0s+2ssseesssccnenee 89
83. Oliva nebulosa, Lam. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 305...............-cseo-+- 89
84. Oliva intricata, Marr, (— nebulosa). Thes, Conch., f. 345.......... 89

Plate 36.

85-87. Oliva gibbosa, Born. Marrat, hes. Conch., f. 301, 803, 507...

88.
89.
90.
Sil
92.
93.
94,
96,

97.
98,

26.

Oliva Braziliana, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 13, b
Oliva Deshayesiana, Ducros. Rev. Crit., t. 3, f. 67, D......-.....000
Oliva ovata, Marrat (— Deshayesiana). hes. Conch., f. DBD hcaeere
Oliva vesica, Gmel. (= auricularia). ‘hes. Conch., f. 280............
Oliva claneophila, Duclos (— auricularia). Monog., t. 29, f. 8.....
Oliva aquatilis, Reeve (— auricularia). Conch. Icon., f. 38, b......
Oliva contortuplicata, Reeve (— auricularia). Conch. Icon., f. 51.
100. Oliva micans, So). (— nana, Lam.). Marr., Thes. Conch.,
£. 294. DOD. a. ssesesueccanacesecledemescendeaeececens + apeece toes annees ekemeete 3
Oliva zenospira, Ducl. (— nana). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 292......
99. Oliva millepunctata, Duclos (— nana). Marr., Thes. Conch.,
£. 299) BOO masteas size clncans ceeceisatsistise see tircbe cee eaiecc canta’ ete amenneerrtmee
Oliva nitellina, Ducl. (— hiatula). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 347...

Plate 37.

Monoptygma exigua, Sowb. Reeve, Ancillaria, f. 47...........-.e+e+.
Ancillaria cinnamomea, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 19, b.........
Aucillaria ventricosa, Lam. (—cinnamomea). Weinkauff, Kiister,

« Dy Ee Areas shaw odesuses ccsaceie nde cuseloe sacnle eOelos'e ois smaasecetce norte temetueed
Ancillaria variegata, Sowb. (— cinnamomea). pe Conch. Cab.,

tic Diptera seme eene doncwsas seocchcnsserossolcooe eeee seosenits eaecenmnte ee eeneeee
Ancillaria fulva, Swains. (— cinnamomea). Kiister | ello toosos8
Ancillaria albifasciata, Swains. (— cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch.

Tom. 9 :£: 2O. We were. Caccg ieee tninc cae dae bivaces cad scecieedeend es tees ace eteeeeee ees
Ancillaria albisulcata, Sowb. (— cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch.

Leon, {fo 22, i! dee sesecets ssc custeu losses s daslec Caeasiiecinelsessteneeeapee etree
Ancillaria achatina, Kiener (— cinnamomea). Teonog., Sk cs
Ancillaria striolata, Sowb. (— cinnamomea). Reeve, Blain Icon.,

£, 29. cccenemenasataeesme ves on cncerends acivad vadeceun curse ted tse eh teeta

Ancillaria castanea, Sowb. (—cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
£7) ay soe svececatessews sonsshocknne ooh se aiecection nap accident on einen eteaeetts
Ancillaria ovalis, Sowb. (— cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
Ancillaria Deshayesii, A, Ad. (— cinnamomea). Reeve, Icon., f. 25.
Ancillaria crassa, Sowb. (— cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch Teon. :
£. BA. eee acne wae tas cece cadeese leone necctuetee tetentte meres te scar neceeee eacmmts
Ancillaria sarda, Reeve (— cinnamomea). Conch. Icon., f. 38, b..
Ancillaria contusa, Reeve (—cinnamomea). Conch. Icon., f. 3, a...
Ancillaria eburnea, Desh. (—cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
Oe Oe ay Ber er en art rere Pere Sceraecooreoroccnaracoadcs sdoocdoso ar'9599
Ancillaria Tronasoni, Sowb. (— cinnamomea). Reeve, Icon., f.
BO, Dace shaccaasecebens sone eectscncetan cals eaceelee uae eee esr atee atemene nat eiatclecteciiae
Ancillaria acuminata, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 21, a.........--

Ancillaria lineolata, A. Ad. (— acuminata). Reeve, Icon., f. 35...
Ancillaria oryza, Reeve (— acuminata). Icon., f. 43..........+-00+
Ancillaria marmorata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 32, a......s0c.esereeee

Ancillaria fasciata, Reeve (— marmorata). Icon., f. 44, a...........

——

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE, PAGE

23. Ancillaria ampla, Gmelin, Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 27, a..........00+
24, Ancillaria cylindrica, Sowb. (—ampla). Reeve, Icon., f. 46........
25. Ancillaria rubiginosa, Swains. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 5, b

sereccece

Plate 38,

26. Ancillaria mamillata, Hinds (— rubiginosa), Icon., f. 3, a........0.
27. Ancillaria albocalosa, Lischke (— rubiginosa). Kiister, t. 5, f. 2..
28. Ancillaria Australis, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 7, b...........-.
29. Ancillaria pyramidalis, Reeve (— Australis). lIcon., f. 11, a.......
30. Ancillaria tricolor, Gray (— Australis). Reeve, Icon., f. 48........
31. Ancillaria mucronata, Sowb. (— Australis). Reeve, Icon., f. 10, a.

32, 33. Ancillaria obtusa, Swn. (— Australis). Reeve, Coach. Icon.,

fore ReaD) Sue ees wie 3 sersisinucaic ie cio aiaroe's vo ticlawet Oaeile SeCeTeine Hasels sista some ateaatetemine ais
34. Ancillaria Montrouzieri, Sowb. Jour. de Conch., 2d ser., iv, t. 11,
Lem Oeorecieeeer sec cteal souls Asics ates Sntnielosivajsleets peice sare moot swiadconmisen ema ceae eee ecns

35. Ancillaria angustata, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 45, b
DOAN eHlaniabullioides, Reeve: const. 08 0), tio.sae-cosesseceesece dene secee
DigeAncilaria cingulata, Sowb, Conch Icons, f. 4, 0..-...20.5.- cinco
38. Ancillaria similis, Sowb. (— cingulata). Kiister, Conch. Cabinet,

t. 8, f.5

sees eeeseoen

OHO eC wee mse ee eee ee eee Hee eee a euee tate Hee Hees EEE EEE HE EES HOEEES - SETESEOF

ee eecoe noses sseseces

Plate 39.

40. Ancillaria Vernedi, Sowb. (— Tankervillei). Reeve, Icon., f. 1, b.
AeeAncillaria Simensis, sowb. Reeve, Ucon., f.'38,, aicscccsescesascccseciene
42. Ancillaria Novazelandica, Sowb. (— Sinensis). Reeve, Icon., f. 41.
3. Ancillaria inornata, E. A. Smith (— Sinensis). Zool. Proc., t. 20,

TARO OVO SO ramseacerbencoteeaantewincs dass bieceaenestieesetls =a< Jee a dansaaeee eae ts
44. Ancillaria marginata, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 8, b.............
45. Ancillaria monilifera, Reeve (— marginata). Icon., f. 36, b.........
46. Ancillaria lineata, Kiener (— marginata). Reeve, Icon., f. 25, b..
47. Ancillaria oblonga, Sowb. (— marginata). Reeve, Icon, f. 24, b...
48. Ancillaria obesa, Sowb. (— marginata). Reeve. Icon., f. 28, b....
Ao Ancilliriaveloncata, Gray. Reeve, Icon-, f 13, b....32..5.0+..s0.-snecs
00. Ancillaria dimidiata. Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 89, b........scccscssscese
51. Ancillaria torosa, Meusch. (— Mauritiana, Sowb.). Reeve, Icon.,

AAPA ned Ae cercetoer dete omnes otra siete sta hace carsToe ee ehiaoa valerate steer eeiene pace eiereee nes
52. Ancillariascaphella, Sowb. (— Mauritiana). Reeve, Icon., f. 26, a.
53. Ancillaria aperta, Sowh. (— Mauritiana). Reeve, Icon., f. 16, b...
54. Ancillaria glabrata, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 51, b
56, 56. Ancillaria Lienardi, Bern. Reeve, Icon., f. 50, b, c..............
57. Ancillaria balteata, Swains. Reeve, Icon., f. 49........ ACCRA CCREC OSE BDS

Plate 40.

58. Harpa costata, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., iii, t. 231, f. 5...........

59, 60. Harpa ventricosa, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 232, f. 20, 22.

61. Harpa ligata, Menke (— conoidalis). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 232,
Hep een ere MON ci NT yume MR SARC Ciera ciwatue aie amis acces cer aeonee

62. MHarpa articularis, Lam. (— conoidalis). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t.
Pilea faay O ccr tee tise mslsn te esis ae at ane SoA Teac eiea cloeic cies Seva catpatocerecatetineece tees

638. Harpa nablium, Mart. (= conoidalis). Sowhb., Thes. Conch., t.
BOB Geena cess ess vebvecusecs eaesierse a6 :

Fee eee esa eee ee Cees eseeeseesssessnes

98

264 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.
64. Harpa striatula, A. Ad. (— conocidalis). Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 8,
1853... 0saswaiesvnecasssesesesss cee snsscvscenesseeueeiccesenss sent tate CeceMeeemeien 98
65. Harpa Rivoliana, Lesson (— crenata, Swains.). Sowb., Thes.
Concha, te 2o2 els Meese ie. sek ecetoctoecs osaddaddodiicdiascdected one aeenene 98
66, 67. Harpa rosea, Lam. Sowb., Thes. ¥,, be -Zoils ESTES! eceseasseeemeee 99
Plate 41.
68. Harpa nobilis, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 231, f, 2.............004 oh)
69. Harpa minor, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Welles so tin (85) Pacroscnonéuo scscencac 99

70. Harpa crassa, Phil. (— minor). Sowb., Thes., x, t. 253, f. 30... 99
71. Harpa solidula, A, Ad. (— minor). Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 10, 1858. 99

72. Harpa minor, Lam. Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe, t. 42, 1 aS Ae akeconco 99
73. Harpa gracilis, Brod. and Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 3, a........s0-0+e+ 99

vo.
4. Harpa striata, Lam. Sutor, Jahrbiicher Mal. Gesell., iv, t.4,f.3. 99

7
75. Harpa cancellata, Chemn. (= striata). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t.
D885 F. 2G... cdaithvedewaseesantanes seek vcave teat ec hoepese mee mest ae eeeee eames 99
76. Harpa Peay Fischer (— striata). Jour. de Conch., 2d ser., iv
t. BoP. Wiscescaccndeascsecbesevele. den Seve bxed ater cares tee sewn: eae eer eee tenes 99
77. Harpa Cabritii, Fischer (— pera Sutor, Jahrb. Mal. Gesell.,
LV, ts Fy PPA os cats cec ovaiswane eavaaceaslen sie athe me deceees sat neato ee eeeee meres 99
78. Harpa virginalis, Gray (— minor). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 233,
£. BO iseescvesacwosss setecs dosisz slits ucts es wave ceslaeeseeei te elses ce aceleieenietemns 5a hy
Plate 42.
2. Amphissa versicolor, Dall. Dentition, Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t.
TO; fi Dic. wot aceteee ceacescnsctsnesexbcancss/tvescscunesctesk se Serpe ener eeE eee emote 103
3. Columbellina ornata, d’Orb. Cretaceous, France.................«. wee 108
4. Columbellaria corallina, Quenst. U. Jura, Hurope..................... 1038
5. Columbella Strombiformis, Lam. Thes. Conch., i, t. 36, f. 2......... 104
6. Columbella major, Sowb. (— Strombiformis). Rve, Icon., xi, f. 7, b. 104
7,8. Columbella major, Sowb. (—Strombiformis). Thes. Conch., f.
A Gccecvdenecuc toavesdedebudeutstsocealessccssusteerscwacMacen tee ae Ge tHe eee etaeeeEs 104
9: Columbella gibbosa, Ducl. (—Strombiformis). Chenu, Il. Conch ,
BV, be 55 fe Ges tie cers ban esisleasmeieats eeeuieiiescrsteriec dae eesticls eolete ieee te eee 104
10. Columbella Bridgesi, Reeve (—Strombiformis). Icon:, f. 40, a..... 104
11. Columbella Paytensis, Lesson. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 23, a........ 104
12. Columbella Paytensis, Lesson. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 36....... to eLOF
3. Columbella Paytalida, Ducl. (— Paytensis). Chenu, Ill. Conch.,, t
yf. DW Weseeeeces sei ecees canes costusasuessvesiacteseteaee ane Seee ee hee eee eee eee 104
14. Columbella rustica, Sowb. (— Paytensis). Genera, Columbella, f. 3. 104
15. Columbella: castanea, Sowb. Thes. Conch jf. 7... ..:..ccscscssseuneeere 105
16, 17. Columbella fasciata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 106, 107............ 105
18. Columbella Javacensis, Gask. (—fasciata). Reeve, Icon., f. 22, b. 105
19. Columbella fuseata; Sowb:. “Thes. Conehs, f. 2 cease ceseccesteeeecees 105
20. Columbella meleagris, Ducl. (—fuscata). Kiener, Icon., t. 8, f. 3.. 105
21. Columbella nodalina, Ducl. (—fuscata). Chenu, t. 3, f. 6............ 105
Plate 43.
22. Columbella labiosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 20, a..........ccsccccessene 106
23. Columbella venilia, Ducl. (—labiosa). Chenu, t. 17, f. 2............ 106
24. Columbella hamastoma, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 5, a...........ceeecees 106

25. Columbella festiva, Kiener. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 60............... 106
26. Columbella phasinola, Duclos. Reeve, Icon., f. 70...... disaveerensete 106

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 265

FIGURE. PAGE,
* 27. Columbella lentiginosa, Hinds (— atramentaria, Sowb.). Voy. Sul-
TOI, TDA 74 Dera aecenecercrcdonoroonoace coACnoHane ad acadacaneemaccqsecqoncoodd 168
28. Columbella mercatoria, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 29............ 106
29, 30. Columbella mercatoria, Linn. Kiener, Iconog., t. 5, f. 1, Y, b. 106
31. Columbella rudis, Sowb. (—mercatoria). Thes. Conch.; fos . 106
32, Columbella Peleei, Kiener (— mercatoria). Iconog., t 4, f. On poanee 106
33. Columbella zulmis, Ducl. (—mercatoria). Chenu, t. 24, f DO ele 106
34, 35. Columbella rustica, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 19, 22........ 107

36, 87. Columbella rustica, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 211, b, ¢..... 107
38, 1. Columbella rustica, Linn. Kiener, Iconographie, t. 1, f 3,3,a. 107
39. Columbella spongiarum, Ducl. (— rustica). Chenu, IIL, t. 5, f. 14. 107
40. Columbella Azorica, Drouet (— rustica). Moll. Acores, t. 1, f. 5... 107
4t. Cvlumbella aureola, Ducl. (— rustica). Chenu, Il. Conch., t. 6,

11) life sae soatdboSduaa ass onde codpo-sodpAaAoasen tou rOsBoosuuedatoogd cabc 06nd) UaGGUGeNE 107
42. Columbella tumida, Reeve (— rustica). Conch. Icon., f. (G5, Glsenont 107
43, 44. Columbella striata, Duclos (—rustica). Chenu, I1., t. 6, f. 6,8. 107
45. Columbella cornea, Kiener (—rustica). Iconog., t. 4, "f. Sisencewccse 107
46. Columbella luteola, Kiener (—rustica). Iconog., t. 4, 1. 2...-...00+ 107
47. Columbella fustigata, Kiener (— rustica). Iconog., t. 5, f. 5........ 107
48. Columbella modesta, Kiener (—rustica). Coq. Viv., t. 11, f. 2..... 107
49. Columbella ambigua, Kiener (—rustica). Coq. Viv., t. 2, f. 3...... 107

Plate 44. ,

50. Columbella vesialia, Ducl. (— rustica). Chenu, IIl., t. 15, f. 16... 107
51. Columbella simpronia, Ducl. (—rustica). Chenu, ti, te Lose ON LON
52. Columbella nucleus, Kiener (— rustica). Iconog.,, t. 3, 1A a Srey 107
53. Columbella rasolia, Ducl. (— rustica). Kiener, lconog., t. 13, f. 1. 107
54. Columbella reticulata, Lam (—rustica). Reeve, Icon., f. 41, b... 107

55. Columbella xiphitella, Ducl. (—rustica). Chenu, t. 9, f. 14........ 107
56. Columbella xiphitella, Ducl. (—rustica). Reeve, Icon., f. 44, b... 107
97. Columbella Dysoni, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 92........sescscoeeseeees 107
58. Columbella anacteola, Ducl. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 5, f. 10........... 108
59. Columbella pardalina, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 90...........0+ 108
60. Columbella pardalina, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 75, »............ 108

61. Columbella vulpecula, Sowb. (— pardalina). Reeve, Icon., f. 80, a. 108
62, 63. Columbella quintilia, Ducl. (—pardalina). Chenu, t. 19, f.

2\y Ieee Sacadboocnoaoadceashooe ooundboRcERConococOUsE RuceoUDadacdauadecooy Scoaatce 108
64. Columbella fabula, Sowb. (— pardalina). Thes. Conch phe oilecwas 108
65. Columbella Japonica, Reeve (—pardalina). Icon.. f. ib, ET meio Se 108
66. Columbella zopilla, Ducl. (— pardalina). Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 19,
eam lle2eeemaicae Mee see ciicls see soeceecs eset cesnsesdccistisss setae selssieasossteiaiaue see 108
67, 68. Columbella Tyleri, Gray (—pardalina, var.). Sowb., Thes.
(Clareelin.s Te) lh, (.écoss sucodbnbctadeandooooobosnShopsronicocctobsoceshcadcarcago: 108

69. Columbella sagena, Reeve (— pardalina, var. Tyleri). Icon., f. 162. 108
70. Columbella obscura, Sowb. (—pardalina, var. Tyleri). Reeve,

NODits I, BB, By goodaooncs ober soccod dedeboscaboobsdseprococduonenbadaachoosNdcoaocs 108
fabis Columbella palmerina, Duel. (— pardalina, var. Tyleri). Chenu,

Hie tis AND) 8, To io eaccmpd espe ncSdocacods Gaceeae aceeAoboceddaonpcot-secoadouone 108
12. Columbella lactescens, Souverb. (— pardalina, var. Tyleri). Jour,

Cea Concheaoeser ay visp isu faeces. cancin ccc cesar copieceaseneenaeviseriecs 108
78. Columbella fabula, Sowb., var. (— pardalina, var. Tyleri). Reeve,

coms fe Gin. - Ma scise seiemiaetreee el ec eeit ase ateeosssecepn seeaaemarciscate oes 108
74. Columbella padonosta, Ducl. (—pardalina, var. Tyleri). Chenu,

lige Gp Bae toro nqhoadosnaodaicoponoonddnonocloodubesood FOrOd poe dbdenbounencaccacondace ads!

34

266 REFERENCE TO PLATES.
Plate 45.
FIGURE. PAGE.
75. Columbella anitis, Ducl. e pardalina, var. Tyler). mane: t. 116;
i Lenore occ noose ieee er oudd cas oieddcnndaas sete atenmedessmeneeee 108
76. Columbella fulgurans, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 50, a................6+- 109
77. Columbella punctata, Lam. (— fulgurans, var.), Reeve, Icon., f.
50). C.d.cdaseneecosaahtsbeaee bes cate ctw beuseumeneneetecne shee bentenes lees ee eRe EEemeEs 109
78. Columbella pelotina, Ducl. Chenu, Ill. Conch., t. 2, f. 6.............. 104
79. Columbella virginea, Duci. (? —'C. pelotina). Chenu, t. 2, f. 16... 109
80. Columbella turturina, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 83...........0..00+- 109
81. Columbella turturina, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., fo 38i.cecrepese 109
82. Columbella Deshayesii, Crosse (— turturina). Jour. de Conch., 2d
SOr., Ui), ts V4 FAs ord bak row cot cectece cron teceancolecboaces sasseaaepeneeeers 109
83. Columbella suleata, Duclos. Chenu, Ill. Goncht tad PAE peeeceeee 109
84, 85. Columbella versicolor, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 41, 45............ 110
86. Columbella versicolor, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. Bill Diicsssescsceseseseee 110
87. Columbella bidentata, Menke (— versicolor). Sowb., Thes., f. 58... 110
88. Columbella araneosa, Kiener (— versicolor). Icon., t. 9, f. 4........ 110
89. Columbella coronata, Duclus (— versicolor). Chenu, t. 8, f. 18... 110
90, 91. Columbellaatladona, Ducl. (— versicolor). Chenu, t.1,f.11,12. 110
92, 93. Columbella tigrina, Duclos (— versicolor). Chenu, t. 1, f. 8,9. 110
94. Columbella aspersa, Sowb. (— versicolor). Reeve, Icon., f. 21, b.. 110
95. Columbella nivosa, Reeve (— versicolor). Conch. Icon., f. 166, b.. 110
96. Columbella pertusa, Reeve (— versicolor). Icon., f. 161, JOkdodocopen 110
97, 98. Columbella varians, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 48, Aurea geoeeeees 110
99. Columbella varians, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Teon, f > QIN se seeeroaeee 110
100, 1. Columbella peecila, Sowb. (— varians). Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
£. G7, 20s ase REA ooahoe denies pa seca enisc otek eee aeet oe toe eee eee 110
2 Columbella spectrum, Reeve (— varians). Icon., f. 194.............. 110
Plate 46.
3. Columbella nana, Mich. (— varians). Kiener, Icon., t. 14, f. 4..... = EG
5. Columbella daliola, Duclos (= varians). Chenu, IIL, t. 8, f. 8...... 110
6. Columbella lysiska, Duclos (— varians). Chenu, TL to, te Saeco Bln
7. Columbella idulia, Duclos. Chenu, II1., t. 10, f. 4 sah dpasccce conaeeeeence 111
8. Columbella Souverbiei, Crosse. Jour. de Conch., t. 5, f. 9, 1865... 111
9. Columbella scalpta, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 235, b.......--...-....00-- 111
10. Columbella Boivini, Kiener. Sowhb., Thes. Conch., f. 100.............. Ae
11. Columbella Sowerbyi, Duclos (— Boivini). Chenu, IIl., t. 19, f. 6.. 112
12. Columbella decussata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 133 ?..........c0..c00e 12
13. Columbella chlorostoma, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 210.............c0+ 112
14. Columbella mitrata, Menke. Reeve, Icon., f. 84, a...... sicitbecmeeeee aly
15. Columbella Duclosiana, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 76, a........0....e200- Ta
16, 17. Columbella levigata, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 53, b, c... 113
18. Columbella alaperdicis, Reeve (— lewvigata). Conch. Ic., f. 145... 1138
19. Columbella concinna, Sowb. (—levigata), Genera, Columbella, f. 8. 113
20. Columbella faleonta, Duclos (— levigata?). Chenu, Ill, t. 1, f. 6. 118
21. Columbella helvia, Duclos (— levigata?). Chenu, IIlL., t. Tf 20.910S
92. Columbella livescens, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 148............. Bers Bs 113
23. Columbella nitida, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch. L1G Ticst Peoeeeeeee 113
24, 25. Columbella Broderipii, Sowb. Thes. Conch., PUTS Ov eseeae . 114
26. Columbella strigata, Reeve (— Broderipii). Teor., £154 Specsee 114
27. Columbella floccata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 160...........ccecccceseees 114
28. Columbella Kraussi, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 180..............2seccosess 114
29. Columbella cerealis, Menke (— Kraussi). Reeve, Icon., f. 118..... 114
30. Columbella leucostoma, Gaskoin. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 220, b........ 114

oe

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 267

FIGURE, PAGE,
31. Columbella baccata, Gaskoin. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 133.......... 114
32. Columbella dichroa, Sowb Reeve, Icon., f. 136.........-..0eseseeeeees 114
33. Columbella Schrammi, Petit (— Kraussi). Jour. de Conch., iv, t

Ne On tes ccestaes se ae case soa seedccssteneasdeecsntbcneseceeserocesteaeasesecss A 14
34. Columbella pusilla, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 182..............ccsceseeeees 115
Plate 47.
85. Columbella carinata, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, t, 10, f. 16............... 116
36. Columbella carinata, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 121............ 116
37. Columbella gausapata, Gould (— carinata). Wilkes’ Expl. Exped., 116
Ii: O33} ent cosusa Uae ban A ONPCRC ECM HGRGORCCCBOED Dood up Bac aennaBoadcricocaacoe eGnnabens 116
38. Columbella Hindsii, Gask. (— carinata). Reeve, Icon., f. 148, b.. 116
39. Columbella collaris, Reeve (= carinata). Reeve, Icon., f. 164...... 116
40. Columbella unifasciata, Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 107...... 116
41. Columbella unicolor, Sowerby (— unifasciata). Reeve, f. 105...... 116
42. Columbella sordida, Orb. (—unifasciata). Voy. Amer., t. 77, f. 2. 116
43. Columbella castanea, Gould (— unifasciata). Wilkes’ Expl. Exped.,
POO OM Meteo aeaccectacrekcsaeesaneatasimeantstet ecscsesceee Preteen stelerenee sees 116
44. Columbella electroides, Reeve. Conch: Icon., f. 72............ceseee 5 ALA
45. Columbella infumata, Crosse. Jour. de Conch., t. 1, f. 3, 1863...... 117
46> Columbella idalina, Duclos. Monog., t..9) f. 6 <......01..-...snsnsrasce ile
47. Columbella gutturosa, Duclos (— idalina). Chenu, Til Taos toll ras telii
48. Columbella moleculina, Duclos. Chenu, II1., t. 9, f. 2..............0008 117
Columbella denticulata, Duel. (= moleculina). chews Ube tint ees Ly

Columbella Santa-Barbarensis, Carp. (— Reevei, Carp.). Reeve,

NORE ee AD ie aecnecalcucidesc ecGeele ste cocscans: saedes Guess osnce see eetesseceacsas dice 118
Columbells TOTTI ETD OOS | WON. tis! Us it Wdnatooodé sooacsccd dosscHbnc 118
Columbella Acrorata, Reeves, Conch less f. Uid:..c.ccercscccseeeseee cscs 118
Columbella acicula, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 46, b.............+.--s0+ 118
Columbella vexillum, Reeve (— acicula). Conch. Icon., f. 57, a... 118
Columbella ligula, Duclos. Monog sy ta Ll fey 2 Giese cpasneedesesneees 119
Columbellanindicas Reeves «Conchiilc:, f. G6.c..0.-4.-2-esceceeeecceme dees 113
Columbella impolita, Sowerby. Thes. Conch., f. 127.............20006 10)
Columbella impolita, Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 159............ TAKS)
Columbella-vittata, Reeves iGonchs Tes, fe 1922-2... cecceccscseoes soe see 119
Columbella intexta, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 88, a.........6-+. 120

Columbella fusillus, Reeve (— intexta, Gask.). Icon., f. 251, b..... 120
Columbella crepusculum, Reeve (—intexta, Gask.). fasce 5 it 231, § a. 120

Columbella achatina, Sowb. ‘hes. Conch., f. 126...............:..000 120
Columbella achatina, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 54, a............ 120
Plate 48.
Columbella Lincolnensis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 184, a, b.......... 120
Columbella Menkeana, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 69..............00ee0ee 120
Columpellabellas Reeve) Conchs Icons, fy li2:s.2...-cscccesnvcsesncse 121
Columbella blanda, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 103, a..............0.eceeee 121
Columbella adiostina, Ducl. (— blanda). Monogr., t. 11, f. 10...... 121
Columbella albina, Kiener. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 97, b............ 121
Columbella albina, Kiener. Kiener, Iconog,, t. 15, f. 4.............45 PAL
Columbella margarita, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 168............sseceeeees 121
Columbella cribraria, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 112............... 122
Columbella cribraria, Lam. Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. 30, f. 21.. ........ 122
Columbella cribraria, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 62.............ceseccseesees 122

Columbella parvulum, Dunker (— cribraria). Philippi, Abbild.,
TOUL, JBC Te 2, ath ThectedcondnonqocacioocoUbeddaogo UDO OCEEAGOC GOCE COCOOIOLENS: 122

268 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.
78. Columbella delicata, Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 171............... sdenweres 122
ig.) Columbellawelatas Reeven. cons. ft. US 2eerancscncstetsn dans semen acess 123
80: ‘Columbellaoblitas Reeve. Conch. Icon, f. 202. eecnccseersee ce tes 123
81. Columbella flexuosa, Lam. Kiener, Iconog. Buce., t. 26, f. 106.... 124
82. Columbella flexuosa, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 97...............- 124
84. Columbella emarginata, Reeve. Icon., f. 190..............0..c00:cscsenes 124
85. Columbella micans, Pease. Specimen............ dondcootocnobAaasoocd sale 124
$6: Columbella Brookeit Reeve: Vcont. f ll69: tate. cen ecseseeeeecceeee esse 125
87. Columbella semiconvexa, Lam. Sowb., Thes. wane fo 1032 sere. 125
88. Columbella semiconvexa, Lam. Reeve, Icon., Me sboeeee lee
89. Columbella rosacea, Reeve (— semiconvexa). tee fish ae 125
90. Columbrlla saccharata, Re-ve (— semiconvexa). Conch. Icon. 3

£5 VS Wiin Sead cnseeeccichiesccaetelscesws seis Gotovoes classe catenins seteac setae ee Ee eaeanete 125
91. Columbella lutea, Quoy (? — semiconvexa). Voy. Astrol., t. 40, f. 28. 125
92. Columbella polita, Reeve (? = semiconvexa). Icon., f. 221........... 125
93. Columbella miltostoma, T.-Woods (— semiconvexa). Specimen.... 125
94. Columbella picta, Reeve. Conch. {con , f. 146, b..............-.sceer0e 125
95. Columbella Ticaonis; Sowb. Thes. Conch:, f. 132........2..0cc-cec--nere 125
96. Columbella dictua, Tenison-Woods. Specimen............ssseceeeseeceeee 125

Plate 49.

97, 98. Columbella Australis, Gask. Reeve, Icon., f. 78, b; 188, b,.... 126
99. Columbella Austrina, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 100 aevewadesasee 126
LOO: ‘Columbellaannulata; Reeve: Icon; fo VOM. s. 2s accccccelecvenenmeretr 126
1. Columbella Buccinoides, Lam. Specimen...........00.....ccccessereesuee 127
2. Columbella avena, Reeve. Conch. Iicon., f. 158, b...........2..5.--2006 127
3. Columbella tenuis, Gask. Reeve, Icon., f. 224..............csssssaeceees 127
4. -Columbella pulla, Gask: Reeve, Tcon., f. 106... 5.2... 0... .csenteecmemiees 127
5. Columbella nux, Reeve (= pulla). Conch., Icon., f. 227............. 127
6. Columbella badia, Tenison-Woods (= pulla). Specimen.............. 127
7. Columbella Roblini, Tenison-Woods. Specimen .........-.......2e0 vee 127
8. Columbella Russelli, Brazier. Zool. Proc, t. 83, f. 18, 1874......... 128
9. Columbella tenebrica, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 204.........-...s.00+-+- 128
10. Columbella Tenisoni, ‘Tryon (— minuta, Tenison-Woods). Specimen. 128

11. Columbella interrupta, Angas (— Angasi, Brazier). Zool. Proc.,
te 25 Eo Op USG Sire ce sictccss saceawe oo tacuabeds become Gueascee bee ace cee eee eee 128
12. Columbella zebra, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 79........-....c-ose 129
13. Columbella Pacifica, Gask. (= zebra). Reeve, Icon., f 74.......... 129
14. Columbella miser, Sowb. (= zebra). Reeve, Icon., f. 68............+ 129

15. Columbella varians, Dunker (— Dunkeri, Eeyou: Zool. Proe., t. 20,
FAA) VST Oe. conceit acess saacine'ssinee sees owe doe doaeee teste: toes eet eneeeeeere 129
16. Columbella Hanleyi, Desh. Ile Reunion, t. 40, f. 8.............00--0+0 129
17. Columbella Burchardi, Dunker. Index Moll. Japon., t. 4 ifioeeee cs 129

Mes INE) Soe corniculata, Lam. (= scripta). Reeve, Icon., f. 94,
Dir oicece hata cieieclatsies Ge dieeiasisletee cs eteine clciow/siaise gies sob ea seieeaiele ser cite eee 130

20. Cainenbelte Gervillei, Payr. (— scripta). Kiener, Buccinum, t. 13,
Ai se cc iebacciadidacntle noelsedeseecemeskih sotetce souatsetse citnee sty eae se ceeetr eee sciences 130

21. Columbella Crosseana, Recluz (— scripta). Jour. de Conch., ii,
tal hy BO eccc eles iaieatis csldiateisicas Segines dalaaas Setemane spec ace ae le eee eee ae eetennete 180

22. Columbella Martensi, Lischke. Jap. Meeres Conch., ii, t. 5, f. 1,
2545. Gace doatecsmoscemes'sc del foes cnn kax ose actsetie eaceneneerae ee tet enact sean ee 130
23. Columbella lunata, Say. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 181, b.............6+ 130

24. Columbella dissimilis, Stimp. (= zonalis, Linsl. ). Gould, Invert.
Maas:, £.) 628. scstcesasacteseas o0.0e tocbacecseesceote nace cucledsceidascceneeeemtas 130

25.

Columbella dermestoides, Kiener. Iconog. Buccinum, t. 25, f. 100.. 131

————————

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 269

Plate 50.

FIGURE. PAGE.
26. Columbella Duclosiana, d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 21, f. 32............... 133
27, 28. Columbella avara, Duclos. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t. 1, f. 1, 133
29 Columbellaturbida, Duclos; Chenu, Pllust., t: 2,.f)2.0...cccccsccs50+0 132
30. Columbella uvania, Duclos. Chenu, Tilust., 't. TOs atO Aecetiocstnicescecs Be
31. Columbella angelia, Duclos. Chenu, Illust., t. 14, f. 20..........0000. 134
32. Columbella orphia, Duclos. Chenu, Tse Ue I a ae aeeoncancDeres 134
33. Columbella ilaira, Duclos (— orphia). Chenu, t. 15, f. 12............ 154
34. Columbella psilla, Duclos. Chenu, Illustr., t. 15, f. 6.............s000e 134
35. 386. Columbella philodicia, Ducl. (— psilla, var.). Chenu, Illust.,

Hpac tw homtll Grane aecteacieescctclatcsisis strsts Aslvde Solera walt wis ntoatemelince mecsasaties 134
37. Columbella philia, Ducl. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t. 16, f. 4........... 134
38. Columbella japix, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t. 22, f. 14...............00006 135

39. Columbella aurantiaca, Dall. .Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t. 15, f. 13... 135
20 = Columbellaituberosa, Canp. “Specimen....2 2.2: ssecccss-ccassactees sails 135
41. Columbella variegata, Stearns. (—tuberosa, var.). Specimen..... 155
42. Columbella chrysalluidea, Carp. Specimen ...............0csececsesessess 185
43. Columbella lactea, Kiener (— Babbi, Tryon). Reeve, Icon., f. 120. 185
44, 45, Columbella Marquesana, Gask. — Reeve, Icon., f. 217, a, b...... 136
46. Columbella teeniata, Ads. and Reeve (— Marquesana). Reeve,

Mess pall Ob ec ceetalscecuccwets sev acibemasenee nec tecaser tans eds casmeateseineceaeles 136

47. Columbella subleevis, Montr. (— Marquesana). Jour. de Conch.,

SISeMewivedtel Ocha 5.) a chacevasiiwacvsne seveoeacgv dese vaeonee Lo waubidesseeace 136
48. Columbella Azora, Ducl. Chenu, Iilust. Conch., Dea trai kate ce seictotoa 156
Plate 51.
14. Columbella alabastrum, Reeve. Martens, Mobius’ Mauritius, t. 20,
CAS Renee e re eee mel Pee Oks cts Shlsas Gu atictcwarsavcsine se nae ddsmetiecmemeeceiens et 146

49. Columbella Legrandi, Tenison-Woods. Specimen..............ce0....+- 137
5), Columbella Xavieriana, Tenison-Woods. Specimen...... .........+.. 137
ol. “Columbella choava, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f 239 W2.:........0cc0000.0e 137
52. Columbella pellucida, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 199...............02 00 13
ed. Columbella lineoiata, Pease. Specimen......5.0 -.. ....c.ccccceeensccers 138
54. Columbella formosa, Gaskoin. MReeve, Conch. Icon., f. 216......... 140
55. Columbella nubeculata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 234............ 20006 140
56, 57. Columbella biflammata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 226, a, b...... 140
58. Columbella Yorkensis, Crosse. Jour. de Conch, t 2, f/ 6, 1865... 140
59. Columbella Isabellina, Crosse. Jour. de Conch., 3 ser., vi, t. 7, f. 8. 141
60, 61. Columbella Tayloriana, Reeve. Conch. Icon, f. 225, a, b....... 141
62. Columbella albomaculata, Angas (— Tayloriana). Zool. Proc., t.

113} Tide WIA T eo oddededacd sacooobed pooduedoasocosonoonelicoD Sadcencndconcocnosad0c, 141
63. Columbella albuginosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 225, b.........eeeeee 141
64. Colimbella interrupta, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 228........... 141
65. Columbella abyssicola, Brazier. Specimen...............-.sseceseseeeee - 141
66. Columbella cincinnata, Martens. Mébius, Mauritius, t. 20, f. 14.. 142
67. Columbella asopis, Ducl. Chenu, Illust , t. 14, f. 18....0..........00e. 142
68. Columbella minor, Scacchi. Phil. Moli. Sicil., ii, t. 27, f. 12........ 142
69. Columbella nympha, Kiener. Iconog, t. 10, f. 4.............-.....0-eee 142
70. Columbella articulata, Souverb. Jour. de Conch., 3 ser., iv, t. 10,

1 Danodcode oot bbaadoeeoosacna BAtOop Occ oed Sedbes BB GSEEESEH ned aceOE CHO neD ace rct erie: 143
71. Columbella Mindoroevs'ss, Gask. Reeve, Icon., f. 195, a......... 1.60. 143
72. Columbella Dori, Issel (— Mindoroensis). Cat. Moll. Miss. Ital.

PIPE OTISIANtaN eter Oo ansam me eeee ance cach neces eclsrecens seat stelle scenidacan sence 143

CoS Ree ae one

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

Plate 52.

FIGURE PAGE
Columbella baculus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 157...............0. wens bed
Columbella pungens, Gld. . Specimen: ccc co5...0ccccnccrseonewesecseses 143
Columbella plutonida, Duclos, Chenu, Illust., t. 16, f. 2............. 144
Columbella Pretrii, Duclos. Chenu, Illust., t. 16, f. 8.............. .. 144
Columbella conspersa, Gask. Reeve, Conch. con. iO OSs eeceneeeee 145
Columbella iodostoma, Gask. (— conspersa). Reeve, f. 218, a..... 145
Columbella puella, Sowb. (— conspersa). Reeve, Conch., f. 65..... 145
Columbella puella,Sowb. Specimen... .2. 222. -<....--.s--ccceccsnseareisere 145
Columbella contaminata, Gask. (— conspersa). Reeve, Icon., f. 102. 145
Columbella Hotessieri, d’Orb. Moll. Cuba, t 21, f. 38................. 144
Columbella sagitta. Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 180................ 145

Columbella galaxias, Reeve (— sagitta). Conch. Icon., f. 229, b.. 146
Columbella Caroline, E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, t. 30,f. 9. 146

Columbella sugillata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 189.....................- 145
Columbella alabastrum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 232, b........scceee . 146
Columbella fusiformis, d’Orb. - Moll. Cuba, t. 21, f. 26................. 147
Columbella rorida, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 176..............e000- Age leh

Columbella Lischkei, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 41, 1879... 147
Columbella niveomarginata, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 42,

LO 1Qecreccccadeewesctetvecctascesetectsscuestcseuactaeescsncteaceaeeeeees decease 146
Columbella solidula, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 149..................0000 147
Columbella solidula, Reeve. Specimen... sontevecee, MAT
Columbella hirundo, Gask. Reeve, Conch. ‘Teon., ss it 219, Divceeeerore 147
Columbella plurisulcata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 233............000+ 148
Columbella subulata, Duclos. Monogr,, t. 9, f. 16... PppanQdosoasecag cocccc 148

Plate 53.
Columbella arata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 185...............ecescees eels
Columbella ocellata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 237.........ccsceeceeccees 148
Columbella pelagia, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 238................002++00s 148
Columbella monilifera, Sowb. Thes. Conch., Tl aaascososoccotaose soc 149
Columbella Mangelioides, Reeve. Conch. Icon., ff: VOT ccsceeseseeeens 149
Columbella fulgida, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 178............ cece aeeamear 149
Columbella lactea, Duclos. Chenu; Illust., t. 1; f. 4..)occce..ceemeere 149

Columbella lactea, Duclos. Kiener, Iconog., t. 15, f. 4................. 149
6. Columbella Essingtonensis, Reeve, Conch. Icon.; f. 174, a, b... 149

Columbella eximia, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f, 222............000scssceee. 150
Columbella bicincta, Angas (—eximia). Zool. Proc., t. 1, f. 3,

M871 vececscewscesce ear cersusussacuedccscbest vom bac sae secoes tee ccee ee eee Eee 150

10. Columbella sertulariarum, Orb. Voy. Amer., t. 61, f. 14,16... 150

. Columbella elata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 155...........c0cccesesaceece - 150

Columbella Cumingii, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 156..............0.-.--00e. 151

Columbella lumbricus, Reeve (— Cumingii). Conch. Ic., f 186, a.. 151
Columbella spicula, Daclos (— Cumingii). Chenu, IIl., t. 16, f. 10. 151
Columbella clausilia, Duclos (— Cumingii). Chenu, t. 16, f. 12..... 151
Columbella acus, Reeve (— Cumingii, var.). Icon., f. 201........... 151

Columbella filosa, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 13, f. 6, 1867 ...........-+ 151

. Columbella attenuata, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 1, f. 4, 1871............ 151

9, 20. Columbella nycteis, Duclos. Chenu, IIl., t. 17, f. 6, 8............ 151

Columbella Belizana, Duclos (— nyeteis). Chenu, IIL, t. 22, f. 10. 151
Plate 54. ,

Columbella spiratella, Martens. Modbius, Mateus 4-20, fl2 ste

3, 24. Columbella rugosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 32, a, b eee scesuee sete 152

—

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 271
FIGURE, PAGE.
25. Columbella bicolor, Kiener (— rugosa). Icon., t. 16, f. 4...... ...+ 152
26, 27. Columbella sinuata, Sowb. (— rugosa). Zool. Pro., t. 72, f. 3,
Pads wl eeencanctsactcctsaascsceesee woctoecesweces coebecseccidees cetadscerceasees 152
28. Columbella costellata, Sowb. Thes Conch., f. 147............ceeeeeeee 153
29. Columbella valida, Reeve (— costellata). Icons, sts Ubebesees.s-< 153
30. Columbella varicosa, Gask. (— costellata). Reeve, Ic., f. 31, b..... 153
31. Columbella macrostoma, Anton (—costellata). Reeve, Ic., f.49, b. 153
82. Columbella fluctuata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 38, a.........cse.ceceseee 153
35. Columbella fluctuosa, Duclos (— fluctuata). Chenu, IIl., t. 13, f.11.. 153
34. Columbella suturalis, Gray (— fluctuats). Griffith’s Cuvier. Front-

: EB IOTOCE ML Or ence race: ocaaccedcronccstncecoseaeeheee. ceecroaarmsanedeaeecee oe 153
35. Columbella costata, Duclos (— fluctuata). Chenu, IIl., t. 12, f. 2.. 143
36, 37. Columbella coronata, Sowb’ Reeve, Ic., f. 29, a, b........eceeeee 153
38. Columbella varia, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f 14. b............ceeeee 154
39. Columbella scalarina, Sowb. (— varia). Reeve, Ic., f. 11, b......... 154
40. Columbella veleda, Ducl. (— varia). Chenu, IIl., t. 7, f. 20......... 154
41. Columbella ophonia, Ducl. (— varia). Chenu, IIL, t. 16, f. 6........ 154
42. Columbella lyrata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 149........ ........2..sec00 154
43. Columbella fulva, Sowb. Reeve, Couch. Ic., f. 55, b..........ceeeeees 154
44. Columbella Terpsichore, Sowb. Thes Conch., f. 99.............csseeeee 154
45. Columbella lineolata, Kiener (— Terpsichore). Icon., t. 13, f. 3... 155
46. Columbella Californica, Reeve (— Terpsichore). Icon., f. 165...... 155
2(. Columbella Adelinze, Tryon. Specimen...........5.......ssscsrcsscooces - 155
48. Columbella Yoldina, Duclos. Cheru, Ill., t. 8, f. 10...............00066 153

Plate 55.

49, 50. Columbella suffusa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon.. f. 89, 170, 1878...... 155
51. Columbella tuberculata, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 173.............eceeeeee 156
52. Columbella rugulosa, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 131.:.....,...ccccccceeees 156
53. Columbella rugulosa, Sowb. Reeve, Ic.. f. 71........csesseccssceesccees 156
54. Columbella cavea, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 2038..........0....sccecceesesees 156
55. Columbella multivoluta, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 163.................0006 156
56. Columbella fenestrata, Rve. (— Adamsi, Tryon). Conch. Ic., f.175. 156
57, 58. Columbella strenella, Duclos. Chenu, IIl., t. 8, f. 2, 3......... 157
59. Columbella porcata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 195, b............-.-0ee0s 157
60. Columbella jaspidea, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 90.............ceeeeee 157
61. Columbella valga, Gould. Wilkes’ Exped., f. 358, b..............02s000e 158
62. Columbella filamentosa, Dunker. Specimen.............:seeseeeeeseeseeers 157
65. Columbella pulchella, Kiener. Ic. Buccinum, t. 18, f. 68.............. 157
64, 65. Columbella pulchella, Sowb. (— elegantula, Mirch). Reeve,

WowehwlicOnemter SOW Oui Binteceles scien ceenedeccedessesee+codsoesctedececenss 158
66. Columbella acuta. Stearns. Specimen....:..........cvsccccssseseseessseees 158
67. Columbella avara, Say. Reeve, Icon., f. 73.............cseceee secacsscees 159
68. Columbella Lafresnayi (— avara). Fischer and Bern., Jour. de

Concha wemeererete ain) Meat Anew ssccens ses ciswssn ous lalecasdeeettawcteenssecs 159
69. Columbella similis, Rav. (—avara). Am. Mar. Conch., t. 8, f. 64.. 159
70. Columbella semiplicata, Stearns (—avara). Proc. Phila. Acad.,

MS icpstewe le pee ars ns cop ean e cee cpecs eeias sOree sa cdcdeads denecesatcesde 159
71. Columbella semiplicata, Stearns (—avara). Specimen............... 159
72, 73. Columbella phylina, Duclos. Chenu, IIl., t. 15, f. 9, 10......... 159
fa.) Columbella cleta. Ducl. ‘Chenu, Dl.) t. 15, Ff. 14...0.....csccescseescecees 160
75. Columbella menaletta, Ducl. Chenu, Il], t. 15, f. 4........ccsccecsceers 160

D

272 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

Plate 56.
FIGURE. PAGE.
76. Columbella plicaria, Montr. Jour. de Conch., 3 ser., ii, t. 9, f. 5... 160
77. Columbella costulata, Cantr. (C. Halizeti). eee Brit. Conch.,
V5 £88, LON salaeavass ses accuse Uebeuseevascteenedseebeecee sr tceteeaeeeeme 160
78. Columbella rosacea, Gould. Invert. Mass., ie 627. aveisa pothole docaneeeeens 160
79. Columbella costulata, Cantraine. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 16ssh. 1eeeeee 160
80. Columbella teophania, Ducl. Chenu, IIl., t. 20, f. 2..............0+000 164
81. Columbella Bucholzi, von Martens. Conch. Mittheil., t. 23, f. 8... 164
82. Columbella diaphana, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 58, f. 2.. 160
83. Columbella sagra, d Orb. Moll Cuba, tt. 2158 29 veccasensseesee eens 164
84. Columbella Kieneria, Duclos (?—sagra). Chenu, IIL, t. 25, f. 20.. 164
85. Columbella electona, Ducl. Chenu, IlJ., t. 9, f. 12..................00. 164
86. Columbella encaustica, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 56, b...............-..00. 164

87. Columbella St. Pairaina, Caillet. Jour. de Conech., 3 ser., iv, t. 11,
Po AS Sood scisasede en seatadeewtsse cow ewe teste ane e nee ae eR SR Cee See eee een 165
88. Columbella lachryma, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 125........... . 165
89. Columbella troglodytes, Souv. Jour. de Conch., 3 ser., vi, t.. 6, f. 4. 165
90. Columbella crassilabris, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 177, b.............+. 166
91, 92. Columbella pygmza, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon, f. 128, 129.. 166
93. Célumbella atomella, Duclos. Monog., t. 11, f. 6..............csceceeees 166
94. Columbella gracilis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch, iv, t. 11, f. 20...... 167

95. Columbella ornata, Pease (— Garretti, Tryon). Am. Jour. Conch.,
Lv, tie Ws fe 19 era a cccscdacredate agueeswemats saceecotaaeme ste sondece tenth emeeeiet 166
96. Columbella venusta, Reeve (—teeniata, Phil.). Icon., f. 180......... 167
97. Columbella kirostra, Duclos. Cheun, Illust., t. 11, f. 2............... 167
98. Columbella atramentaria, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 124.............. sssa 1168
99. Columbella atramentaria, Sowb. Thes. Conch..,. f. 174. ............06 168
100. Columbella Digglesi, Brazier. Zool. Proc., t. 83, f. 18, 1874......... 170

Plate 57.

1. Columbella pariolida, Duclos (— atramentaria). Chenu, Illust.,
ti Bj £52: ie vosisnswaeiee dacs deideaGelece esneateses cis dndluecie (neta eateete tener aenetne 168
2, Columbella nigricans, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 172..........00.00:s000 168
3... olumbella parva, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 118... 168
4. Columbella’ parva, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 17U............... 168
5. Columbella pamila, Ducl. (—parva). Chenu, Ilust., t. 22, f. 12... 168
6. Columbella spadicea, Phil. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 128...... ........ 168
7. Columbellajobesas CB Ads (Specimen ..c....ss. ence aces seen ase eet 169
8. Columbella cancellata, Gask. (—obesa). Reeve, Icon., f. 126....... 169
9. Columbella dicipiens, Ads. (— obesa). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 111. 169

_ 10. Columbella atomella, Reeve (—atrata). Conch. Icon., f. 108....... 169
11. Columbella menalida, Ducl. (—atrata). Chenu, Illust., t. 19, f. 8. 169
12. Columbella pumila, Souv. (—atrata). Jour. de Conch., t. 12, f. 4,

PSG viccciive eieee sic evade ch ulatactacioca sen vevics cobaaettedacnetacestisceereeeeteemeeeete 169
13. Columbella levania, Ducl. (?—atrata). Chenu, Ilust., t. 22, f. 8. 169
14-17. Columbella ida, Ducl. (—atrata). Chenu, Illust., t. 14, f. 2, 8,

VO. Vs ste ctedesweetia ds ces ecelesucoen dee cael eeracecaenteecemaeaceee teree ease 169
18. Columbella nisitella, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t. 7, f. 10.................. 170
19. Columbella ostreicola, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 10, 1882... 169
20: Columbella*obesa, (C2 Bi -Ad=) (Specimentec-csccsrcne--senseseeseseee eae 169
21. Columbella Gowllandi, Brazier. Zool. Proc., t. 83, f. 15, 1874...... if
22. Columbella lentiginosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 240.................. 170
23. Columbella Smithii, Angas (— lentiginosa). "Zool. Proe., t. 26, f

Aig US ieagueeene ne Vou gee en eevee dene deene erences et beer se centrastinensocteores 171

REFERENCE -TO PLATES. 273

FIGURE. PAGE,
24. Columbella speciosa, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 3, 1877.........006 apalzil
25. Columbella balteata, Nevill (— Nevilli, Tryon). Jour. Asiatic Soc.,

tS ASLO esroanteconcecsesanwataceteccce ened sovedtvcbloseecmncesbedecccnese 173
26. Columbella isomella, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t. 9, f. 8............-...... 1738
27. Columbella linigera, Ducl.. Chenu, Illust., t. 17, f. 14................. 274
28. Columbella oxyllia, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t. 17, f. 10.................. 174

Plate 58.

29. Columbella cledonida, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t. 17, f. 18............... 174
380. Columbella rumilia, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t. 17, f. 16..............-.. 174
81. Columbella acleonta, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t. 11, f. 4...........sc00e0- 174
32. Columbella prosymnia, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t. 26, f. 8............006 174
33. Columbella anaidea, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t. 26, f. 4...............006 174
384. Columbella ortigia, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t. 22, f. 2.............cceceeee 175
385. Columbella neptunia, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t. 26, f. 20..............00 175
36. Columbella ortonia, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t. 26, f. 14................. 175
387. Columbella segesta, Ducl. Chenu, [lust., Hs 26, fs: Oxeeeeticsecieetcceses 175
BSeeecolumbella testina, Duel. Chenu, lilust:, t: 7, £5 12. cnc. .escsecneses 175
39. Columbella striatula, Dunker. Sr aciiais..kse en eee 176
40. Columbella sulcosa, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 132............... 176
41. Columbella moesta, Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 131...............000« 176
42. Columbella Guatemalensis, Reeve. Icon., f. 198, b........eccecessceees ici
43. Columbella tessellata, (. B. Ad. (— Guatemalensis) Reeve, Icon.,

felis An ewer. Meera arte oae Teinene Sale cesar ie wens hoa aseice seneaa tac camtene sathametelsiceee s 177
44, Columbella diminuta, C. B. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 115......... 177
45. Columbella pulchrior, C, B. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 116....... 177
46. (Columbella penicillata, Carp. Specimen.................-ssccessescoceoee 5 UHL
47. Columbella subturrita, Carp. Specimen................ccsccsscssceseceveses 178
48. Columbella filosa, Stearns (— Stearnsi, Tryon). Proc. Philad.

PACH aE Tae rmal tS (Olea cca Bsc aoceaeaes Saeilciaa en cie's catcla c Saiaasieculelesisios epumawcsmecs 179
49, 50. Columbella Guildingii, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 175, 176......... WIS
51. Columbella catenata, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 119, b.......... ey,
52. Columbella mitrula, Dunker (—catenata). Phil., Abbild. iii,

BITC CH est en a tan O aeseccn sccte sess tdeeee aviaw co acaiiesleasteses siocalcoasoneestosmaaeces 180
53. Columbella Antillarum, Reeve (—catenata). Icon., f. 196........... 180
54. Columbella scutulata, Reeve (—catena‘a). Conch. Icon., f. 191, b. 180
55. Columbella sparsa, Reeve (catenata). Icon., f. 200, a........-scceee0s 180
56. Columbella fusiformis, Pease (— Paumotensis, Tryon). Am. Jour.

Wome heealiiettra lO rels umesescrcccs encase tenes evitce ss cis vstlecesmte emesiideciesa metal 180

Plate 59.

57. Columbella ovulata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 209, b.............seeeeceees 181
58. Columbella ovuloides, C. B. Ad. (—ovulata). Reeve, Icon. Meta,

Ree Lobster crcrerercle lela ciclcraisinteh e tathots caiopcaia ero(eis elatolais'sles sien s since elalslajefelelaelelsureierstate’s 181
59, 60. Golumnpells obtusa, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 63; Conch. Icon.,

Ter S Osa aster es cee ae onenesane cies seas coal stacienls se s(tiss acione soslueeisesines segupwesesen 181
61. Columbella marmorata, Gray. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 72........... 181
62. Columbella marmorata, Gray. Beechey’ s Voy., t. 36, ib Ul Acoaeasoc 181
68. Columbella dormitor, Sowb. ‘Thes. Conch., f. 173 lesinseaeeplestassive cine 181
64. Columbella egeria, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t. 4, f. 20..........c0000e0 181
65. Columbella tringa, Lam. Reeve, Teon., f. 24, b ae unaalca te ceaeasncentwaess 181
66 Columbella unda ata, Duclos (= tringa). Chenu, lllust., t. 4, f. 4... 181

30

O74 ' REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE,
67, 68. Columbella flava, Brug. Reeve, Icon., f. 27, a, b........000 secece 182
69. Columbella punctata, Sowb. (— flava). Genera of Shells, f. 5...... 182
70. Columbella fugubris, Kiener (= flava). Kiener, Iconog., t. 8, f. 2. 182
71: Columbella funiculata, Souverb. (— flava). Jour. de Conch, 5 lies 15

£8, USG5% 2. steeds Aes oeeis s donde Jac eba se hes hunce steceteice sen nece terete eneeEee 182
72. Columbella rubicundula, Quoy (— flava). Voy. Astrol., t 40, f 26. 182
73. Columbella discors, Gmel. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 208, Ri wae 182
74. Columbella semipunctata, Lam. (— discors). Kiener, Iconog., t. 8,

fo os tiscuadosdicatevevenaoecoacniecnessedotoecectsde scataccscce ocliteee teats Ree eenee 182
75, 76. Columbella splendidula, Sowb. (=discors). Reeve, Icon., f. 25,

Bs) Dissension saoeinn clccicisio viel: eeieleintelbeb lee a alawccisinceelsinesite aciseitet ete eaten emai 182
77. Columbella zelina, Duclos (= discors). Chenu, Illust., t. 4, f. 6... 182
78. Columbella eustoma, Jouss: /BullSiSoc? Zooli a) tos tenor teeneeeee 182
79. Columbella Philippinarum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., £02075) Discectenes 183
80, 81. Columbella epamella, Duclos (— Philippinarum). Chenu, Illust.,

t:40;, Lai 25 LO sescgoseccnscuccesssccossconelnesenceseiicacers cou cenesia eee neon 183
82. Columbella coniformis, Sowb. (— Philippinarum, var.). Reeve,

Icon. Meta, f. 4, b........ Sanat abeudsleesaasbolerceactqecens deodsosteateee ene . 183

Plate 60.

83. Columbella cedo-nulli, Reeve (— Philippinarum, var.). Icon. Meta,

£.4O\" WDiisteveescncsase atcients seeasesdenedsecvacesqescteteetinas sect tence eee 183
84. Columbella Dupontixz, Kiener (= Philippinarum, var.). Reeve,

Meta, if. 35 [Cdscccs evtsaesesecsesaivcdoesengse es et coe sistinicn sebaace Meraee ene 183
85. Columbella macrostoma, Anton (— Philippinarum, var.). Reeve,

Metin, £, il cc Se ceaicovatine cncese sine cenwceosemonne sre tiveliticots tt sete tee aetna 183

86. Columbella dubia, Sowb. (— Philippinarum, var.). Reeve, Meta, f.5. 183
7. Columbella dubia, Sowb. (— Philippinarum, var.) Thes. Conch.,

Eo 7 Discubcans iow ne cdeoeos Saeed Mecosees de nstienais tie cfee oaueanae aoe tee nee eee eee 183
&8. Columbella bicanalifera, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 64, b .....-......0+4 1838
89. Columbellaclavulus, Sowb. Reeve, Icon. Pleurotoma, vol.i, f. 106.. 184
90. Columbella gibberula, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 61, b........... 184
91. Columbella dorsata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 15, a............ccessoevee 185
92. Columbella pavonina, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 26, b........ . 185
3. Columbella Haneti, Petit (—pavonina). Jour. de Conch. Ribpequorys iy pe llis)ss
94. Columbella nivea, Sowb. Reeve; Conch: Tcon-. £'S2.222..-.aieeeiaeees 185
95. Columbella Bourjotiana, Crosse. Jour. de Conch., ZiSET willy ahem
£. Giciccchgdecscvedssocuecscecseseseveser Vesseceseesccetneccnacesce eerceentneeets 185
96. Columbella pulcherrima, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 10, a........ .....++ 185
97. Columbella maculosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 19, b.................000- 186
98. Columbella elegans, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 4, b..... Bpeuactic 186
99. Columbella turrita, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 2, b............... 186
100. -Columbella turrita, Sowb. Thes! Conch:, f 138. i020 cece. ccccnneeeeace 186
1. Columbella angularis, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 1, a.......... Pep noice viliehs:
2. Columbella subulata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 212, b. ...........:s0c0e. 186
8. Columbella recurva, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., "f. 18, a... a8 LST
4. Columbella lanceolata, Sowb. (= recurva). Reeve, leone e 3, ‘ait c.. 187
6. Columbella pumilio, Reeve. Conch. HBS Tis Me Ufcscancdocaascqocasjocen occ 187
Plate 61.

7. Columbella fusiformis, Hinds (— recurva). Reeve, Icon., f.17, a.. 187
8. -Columbella Terquemi, Jouss. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, t. 5, f. 1..........-- 187

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 275

FIGURE, PAGE
9. Alcira elegans, H. Adams. Specimen........... agononhduscoosdedsonseoq9q0 188
if Hneinanodmlosa, Pease. SpeCiMens...):..c.+cc.-cecs=cecanese= ecm ciesess 189
11. Engina carbonaria, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Ricinula, f. 22............ 189
12. Engina forticostata, Reeve (— carbonaria). Reeve, Ricinula, f.29 189
18. Engina crocostoma, Reeve (— carbonaria). Icon. Ricinula, f. 40.. 189
14. Engina astricta, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Ricinula, f. = Poacuoouoooenndae 189
15. Engina leucozia, Duclos (— astricta). Chenu, Ti, teeeAe tse Orceses se 189
16, 17. Engina alveolata, Kiener. Icon. Purpura, t. 9, f. Donets cece’ 189
18. Engina lauta, Reeve (— alveolata). Icon. Ricinula, f. 24............ 189
19. Engina histrio, Reeve (— alveolata). Icon. Ricinula, f. 36......... 189
20. Engina trifasciata, Reeve (— alveolata). Icon. Ricinula, f. 41...... 189
21. Engina zepa, Duclos. Chenu, Ill. noes ite WUD), Be, MO ocoosbadseunecee 189
22. Engina iodosia, Duclos. Chenu, IIl., t. 22, Ba betes tee eee 190
23. Engina telea. Duclos. Chenu, Iil., t. 25, fei WAN sods SsbrSacenemabebeagsd 190
24, Engina anakisia, Duclos. Ciemn. ine, CoNZOeiE PSE ec oeaetaosteates 190
Poe emomavepidelias Ducl. (Chenu) Tl: t.) 255 fo UST. cc. coeces-acledee sce 190
26. Engina monilifera, Pease. Martens, Don. Bism., t.1, f. 15......... 190
27. Hngina satorida, Ducl. Chenu, Ill., t. 26, f. 2.........cccscccceeseseonne Gil
Plate 62.
28. Engina numicia, Ducl. Chenu, IIl., t. 26, f. 10... Anacican 191
29. Engina alveolata, Reeve (= Reevei, Tryon). Icon. ‘Ricinula, £23. 191
30. Engina bella, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Ricinula, f. 15................0000- 191
31. Engina recurva, Reeve (— bella). Icon. Ricinula, f. 53.............. 191
32. Engina fragaria, Wood (= bella). Index Test. Sup., t. 3, f. 27.... 191
55. Hngina pulchra, Reeve. Icon. Buccinum, f. 80..... 2.00.00... 2.cc..s.cee 191
3 Engina rosea, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 46...................00..0e0e00 192
35, Engina Schrammi, Crosse (— rosea). Jour. de Conch., xi, t.1,f.7. 192
oo. Hngina rutila, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 49...............cc.scesseeeoes 192
o7. Engina deformis, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 44.............0...ceeeeceuee 192
388. Engina turbinella, Kiener. Icon. Purpura, t. 9, f: 25...........0..000- 192
39. Engina turbinella, Kiener. Reeve, Icon. Ricinula, f. 42.............. 192
40. Engina farinosa, Gould. Wilkes’ Exped., f. 828.................cec00e- 192
41. Engina contracta, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 32..............scecssceseee 193
42. Engina acuminata, Reeve (— contracta). MRicinula, f. 52............ 193
43. Engina eximia, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 45.............scsceeesesesseees 193
ae INA TIsitOLMs,) MEAS. | SPECIMEN ove. venrce sien «eeceeceecsivsecceosqeore 193
45. Engina oselmonta, Ducl.° Chenu, nee te 7) Fe cc ocereccosecenemer 193
46. Engina aurantia, Ducl. Chenu, Illust., t.7, f. 16.............c0.00 5.000 198
Lipee Engine cibbosas, Garnetb. SPECIMEN ...02j...0.0-seesier ons cocieacecledacshers 193
48. Engina ovata, Pease (—funiculata). Am. Jour. Conch., Hid, ts ods
Ree Oceania costars cauiadast siossearisessaemeciiisiecssciers “oases secleineaatisauceaeieetes 194
49. Engina funiculata, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 16.................0..000 194.
50. Engina lineata, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 51.............0.sseceeecneeees 194
51. Engina maculata, Pease (— lineata, var.). Am. Jour. Conch., xv,
fig (hy Ths 12h aGscoccdsaeeqoenda banbonne so0Ddo0 sonénoadsbsDKdd CaoUADEnOoecannonoCeooaC 194
Plate 63.
52. Engina zonata, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 38.............cecssscceseseoes 194
53. Engina zonata, Reeve. Specimen...........ecess-ere noepqonoa ncccaussdonacn 194
54. Engina concinna, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 35.............0.4 aetaentee 194
So. Hngina parva, Pease. Am.Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 11.............. 195
56. Engina nodicostata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 8........ 195

276 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.
57. Engina variabilis, Pease (— nodicostata). Am. Jour. Conch., iii,
BEZBS fe Qiiovcreewatien vonscurascasesteics tees Celsecteesiect eehee sesteneeee netaee Sede LOS
58. Engina striata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 10........... . 195
59. Engina armillata, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 47............cccscceess eons HOG:
60. Engina tuberculosa, Pease. Specimen...........:cc-ccsccececeesmosenacece 195
61. Engina xantholenca, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 9, 1882...........0 196
62. Engina mendicaria, Linn. Reeve, Ricinula, f. 8..............scoccecees 196
63. Columbellina harpeformis, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 10................- 196
64. Columbellina uncinata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 13.:...............e0. 196
65. Columbellina cithara, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Columb., f. 280, a...... 196
66. Amphissa corrugata,. Reeve. Icon. Buccinum, f. 110................. 197
67. Amphissa versicolor, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t. 16, f. 10..... 197
68. Columbella millepunctata, Carpenter. Specimen. ...............ssseee 115
69, 70. Columbellaria corallina, Quenst. Sitzb. Wien, xlii, 278, f. 1... 103
71. Columbella gibberula, Sowb. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 9, f. 10........ 184

72. Columbella semipunctata, Lam. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 9, f. 6..... 182
73. Engina mendicaria, Linn. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 8, f. 4..........0. 196

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