fy SS ; v GPRS iS On a. d (= ZINE y : - ~~ WEF ) Se - = 7 | WN . s, y Tam S ~ ah =~ \ » x a N Sate ES EW (aS i WE SUAS, ; @))) QD : S= (UG) ~ \'5) QE Fro Bequest of Kenneth K. Mackenzie October 1934 The LuEsther T Mertz Library The New York Bcianicai Garden ey) Ky SS yi =) October 1934 . \ Bequest of Kenneth K. Mackenzie hs OSS MANUAL OF THE FLORA OF JACKSON COUNTY MISSOURI \ BY KENNETH K. MACKENZIE ASSISTED BY B. F. BUSH AND OTHERS KANSAS CITY, MO. 1902 / SA) A17S 41. sa COPYRIGHT 1902, BY KENNETH K. MACKENZIE vite PRESS ‘THE NEW ZRA PRINTING COMPANY, ~ANCASTER, PA. The LuEsthe: 7 MuraLbrary Ths New York DolanicaiGarden INTRODUCTION. SITUATED as it is, where the floras of several different regions blend, Jackson County, Missouri, is of especial interest to the botanist. For- tunately its flora has been studied as thoroughly probably as that of any other western area of similar size. The results of these investiga- tions have appeared from time to time in several local floras. The first of these was entitled ‘‘ Flora of Jackson County,’’ and was published in 1882 by Mr. B. F. Bush. In 1885 Mr. Bush and Rey. Cameron Mann published a supplement to this flora, and in 1888 Mr. Bush published a second supplement. The species and varieties enumerated in these three lists are numbered consecutively and aggregate 1,004. In 1899 I pub- lished a ‘‘Spring Flora of Kansas City and Vicinity,’’ which contained a key to the plants blooming before the first of June. This work also added a few species to those already enumerated in the previous works. In addition, a series of very instructive and ably written papers by the Rev. Cameron Mann appeared in the Kansas City Star during 1899, dealing with our local flora ina popular manner. To the best of my knowledge nothing else has been printed professing to deal with our local flora alone. A ‘‘ Flora of Missouri’? published in 1885 by Professor Tracy, and a ‘‘List of the Trees, Shrubs and Vines of Missouri,’’ published in 1895 by Mr. B. F. Bush complete the list of works in which any Jackson County plants are enumerated. At the time when the earlier lists were published, there was no work which dealt with the flora of this region. Consequently there was then much difficulty in arriving at a correct understanding of the species represented here and mistakes were inevitable, but considering the diffi- culties above mentioned they were not numerous, and are most noticeable in genera, which even now are only beginning to be understood. This work is intended to include all species of the higher plants found growing wild within the limits of Jackson County, and embraces the re- sults of all the botanizing done here up to the present time. All species enumerated in previous works and not included herein are omitted for some good reason, either because their occurrence could not be verified, because of erroneous determinations, or because the forms then regarded as distinct on further study have been proved not to be so. While as much care as possible has been taken to make this work accurate and complete, yet it must be recognized that no manual or flora ever pub- lished has entirely met these requirements, and further study and inves- tigation will certainly reveal the necessity for corrections in and addi- tions to this. ili iv ' INTRODUCTION While many lists of plants occurring in certain restricted localities have been published, as far as I am aware no manual with full descrip- tions and keys devoted to but one county and professing to include all the species found in that county has ever been published in the United States. That I have attempted here. The book is intended for the use of students, and has been made as easy and as simple as possible. For that reason no attempt has been made to use natural keys, for such keys are always so full of exceptions as to make them worse than useless to the beginner. Therefore artificial keys have been constructed and used. The results obtained by the use of these keys can in each case be verified by the more enlarged and technical descriptions appearing under the families, genera and species respectively. It is hardly necessary to dwell upon the manifest advantages possessed by a manual of this character for local use over those which deal with areas embracing many states. Two-thirds or three-fourths of the species described in such works will not be found in any given locality, and the pupil cannot fail to be hindered by the necessity of studying the descrip- tions of these species in order to differentiate them from those species which actually oceur in his vicinity. This, added to the fact that in a local manual the exact locality in which any certain species can be found is given, is sufficient to show the advantages of such a work. The descriptions here given are in most cases drawn from specimens collected in this county by myself and others. Where that has not been possible specimens collected elsewhere have been resorted to, and in one or two cases published descriptions have been used, specimens of these species not being available. These descriptions have been further com- pared with those of the standard manuals and are believed to be accurate as applied to the species found here. In describing families and genera the descriptions are applicable only to our own species, and exceptions illustrated by foreign species have been omitted. Save that combina- tions in which generic and specific name are identical are avoided, the names used, with few exceptions, are those used in Britton’s ‘‘ Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and Canada’’ and the sequence of families and genera there adopted has been followed. This is largely true of the sequence of species also. DESCRIPTION OF JACKSON COUNTY. JACKSON County, Missouri, is bounded on the north by the Missouri River, separating it from Clay and Ray Counties, Missouri ; on the west by Wyandotte and Johnson Counties, Kansas ; on the south by Cass County, Missouri ; and on the east by Lafayette and Johnson Counties, Missouri. It is about twenty-seven miles long east and west, and from seventeen to twenty-seven miles wide north and south, and contains some six hundred and twenty-five square miles. In altitude it ranges from about 675 feet above sea level near Levasy to 1,100 feet near Lee’s Summit. For so limited an area it exhibits a great diversity of surface, and consequently the flora is rich and varied. As most people are aware, the Missouri River is extremely crooked, first approaching the bluff on one side and then the bluff on the other, thus alternately leaving great bottoms on opposite sides of the river. Of these bottoms there are five principal ones in this county, which are known as the Sheffield, Rush, Little Blue, Sibley and Levasy bottoms. The river is continually cutting into and eating away the up-river sides of these bottoms and adding to the lower sides. The sand and mud de- posited on the lower side is at first only uncovered at low water, but being gradually added to is at length never covered save when the river is very high, parts indeed escaping from submergence entirely. In each of the bottoms there is a series of these areas added in successive years, each a little lower than the one next above. The flora of the outer of these areas or sandbars proper is very interesting and peculiar. In places Salix interior is so abundant that one can scarcely force his way through, and everywhere it is the predominant plant. In the more open places are found many herbaceous plants occurring no place else. Many species of Cyperus, Potentilla, Roripa and Eragrostisabound. Juncus Richardsonianus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus Balticus, Aristida intermedia, Orygraphis Cymba- laria, Sporobolus asperifolius, Corispermum hyssopifolium, Bergia Texana, Fuirena simplex, Limosella aquatica and many other rarities have been found on these sandbars. Passing from these outer sand-bars inland the flora gradually changes. Salix interior is first replaced by Salix amygdaloides, Salix cordata Missou- riensis and Populus deltoides, and the herbaceous plants by Equisetum robus- tum, and these in turn give way to the giant elms, oaks and sycamores of the bottom forests. Inthe moreopen parts of these forests several species of Meibomia, Sieglingia seslerioides, Helianthus tuberosus subcanescens, Anemone Canadensis, Apocynum hypericifolium, Vernonia maxima, Solidago serotina, Aster Missouriensis, Aster paniculatus and various species of Bidens are v vi DESCRIPTION OF JACKSON COUNTY characteristic plants, while in the denser forests various vines such as Ampelopsis cordata, Vitis vulpina, Falcata Pitcheri, and Rhus radicans make traveling burdensome. In these dense forests occur those rare orchids : Aplectrum spicatum, Gyrostachys plantaginea and Pogonia trian- thophora, and keeping them company the fungus-like Monotropa uniflora rarely appears. Bordering these lowlands is a chain of bluffs, high and rocky in the western part of the county, but becoming lower and more sandy in the eastern part. Various creeks, greater or less in extent, break the contin- uity of this chain, and with their branches make the northern part of the county very uneven. The larger of these creeks are really small rivers, and extending through the width of the county, carry with them the flora peculiar to the broken uneven country. Getting away from the in- fluence of these creeks and their branches one comes to the prairie, once open and nearly treeless, but now through the efforts of man fast losing its characteristic features. This prairie extends throughout the southern, especially the southwestern, part of the county, being there broken only by the larger streams. The chief streams of the county are the Blue, running through the western part nearly due north and south; the Little Blue, running through the central part from the southwest to the northeast : Sni-a-bar Creek and its tributaries which cover the southeastern part ; and Fire- Prairie Creek, which drains the northeastern part. The first three of these are bordered by wooded bluffs, but Fire-Prairie Creek, save for a narrow fringe of timber immediately adjoining it, runs through a nearly treeless bottom. Barely penetrating the southeastern part of the county area few small wooded creeks ultimately emptying into the Osage and bring- ing in a few rare herbaceous species. Along our streams Salix nigra, Acer saccharinum, Aesculus glabra arguta, Ulmus Americana, Ulmus fulva, Juglans nigra, Quercus macrocarpa and Gymnocladus dioica form the greater part of the forest, while on the bluffs and the uplands various species of oaks and hickories find their home. The sugar-maple is common in the northeastern part and the rock-elm abounds only along the rocky bluffs in the northwestern, but as a whole our trees are not local. The common smaller trees are Ostrya Vir- giniana, Malus Ioensis and various species of Crataegus and Prunus. The bueckberry (Symphoricarpos) is the most common under-shrub, but the hazelnut (Corylus Americana) and the wild blackberry are close rivals, while along rocky branches, especially in the southern part, Rhamnus lanceolata is common. Various sumacs and several species of Cornus also abound, and twining over the larger plants are various species of wild grapes, true and false; the poison ivy and the wild hop are every- where met with. The herbaceous plants as a rule are more locally distributed than the woody, though of course many range almost throughout the county. In DESCRIPTION OF JACKSON COUNTY vii the woods, especially of the northern part of the county, Circaea Lutetiana, Zeucrium Canadense, Impatiens biflora and aurea, Claytonia Virginica, Isopyrum biternatum, Erythronium albidum, Viola scabriuscula and Viola cuspidata, Rudbeckia triloba, Eupatorium maculatum, Agrimonia mollis, Vernonia interior, Muhlenbergia diffusa, various species of Polygonum and Meibomia, Podophyllum peltatum, Sanicula Canadensis, and several species of asters and goldenrods may be mentioned as characteristic species. The Blue and the Little Blue and their tributaries have cut down through the limestone rock prevalent in the western part, and the out- croppings of these limestone rocks, especially abundant in the south- western part, form our barrens. The limestone is usually covered by a thin layer of rich soil, which is moist in spring, but later on becomes dried out. These barrens are either bare of trees or covered by small scrub and are bounded on one side by the rocky bluffs of the creeks and on the other usually separated from the prairies by the scrub-oak woods. In these barrens many typical prairie plants occur, while other plants appear which are met with in no other place. Of the latter Ophioglossum Engelmanni, Specularia leptocarpa, Mentzelia oligosperma, Euphorbia Arkan- sana, Sedum pulchellum, Valerianella stenocarpa, Chaerophyllum Texanum and Bouteloua curtipendula may be mentioned. The rocky woods adjoining these barrens are chiefly remarkable for the vast number of individuals of some species which they contain. Here Ratibida pinnata, Cassia Cha- maecrista and Helianthus hirsutus often give a yellow appearance to the landscape. It is in these barrens and the woods adjoining that many species of asters and goldenrods find their home. The prairie region may be roughly divided into the high and the low prairies. Unfortunately for the botanist the high prairie is so fertile and easy of cultivation that very little of it now remains in its natural state, the best being found in the Missouri Pacific right of way, both north and south of Lee’s Summit. Typical prairie plantsare Brawneria pallida, Laci- naria pycnostachya, Viola delphinifolia, Rudbeckia subtomentosa, Meibomia Iili- noensis, several species of Silphium and Helianthus, Petalostemon candidus, Petalostemon purpureus, Andropogon furcatus, Andropogon scoparius, Trip- sacum dactyloides, Erythronium mesachoreum, Allium mutabile and Trad- escantia refleca. Great rarities are Polygala incarnata and Dodecatheon Meadia. The low prairie region is chiefly found along Fire Prairie Creek, along portions of the Little Blue, and sparingly along the Blue. Here Vernonia fasciculata, Spartina cynosuroides, Rosa setigera, Asclepias Sullivantii, Koellia jiczuosa and many species of sedges abound. Besides these main subdivisions there are several localities of especial interest. Thus in the Sni-a-bar Creek region, Polemonium reptans is very abundant. In the northeastern part of the county Iva ciliata abounds, and in the southwestern, Helianthus orgyalis. About four miles southeast of Grain Valley, there are some sandy woods where Zizia cordata, Stenophyl- lus capillaris, Aristida gracilis, Lechea tenuifolia and Centunculus minimus viii DESCRIPTION OF JACKSON COUNTY occur. Coming up from the south at Greenwood are Gerardia Skinneri- ana, Talinum calycinum and Fimbristylis lava. Tragia ramosa, Aristida basiramea and Thaspium barbinode get as far north as Martin City, while Draba cuneifolia seems to reach its northern limit at Dodson. But the most interesting of all is the bog region found along the Missouri bluffs west of Sibley. Many eastern plants rare in the west, are here found. Naumburgia thyrsiflora, Epilobium lineare, Epilobium coloratum, Dryopteris Thelypteris, Polygonum sagittatum, Dulichium arundi- naceum, Carex hystricina, Carex lurida, Carex typhinoides and Cardamine Pennsylvanica may be mentioned. In the rich woods adjoining, Asple- nium Filix-foemina, Botrychium obliquum, Osmunda Claytoniana, Hydrastis Canadensis, Caulophyllum thalictroides and Korycarpus diandras occur, but often almost hidden by the luxurious growth of Asplenium angustifolium. In the very rich bluffs at Courtney, Carex Albursina and Bikukula Canadensis may be found, while on the rocks Asplenium platyneuron and Asplenium parvulum may perchance reward the very diligent searcher. On the rocky bluffs at Kansas City, Polymnia Canadensis radiata abounds, although found in no other station in the county, and Thalictrum dtoicum has the same local distribution on the rocky bluff north of Fairmount Park. Aquatics are not common with us, but still we have a fair share. We have four good sized ponds, one at Lake City, another at Sheffield, a third at Atherton called Hiffner’s Lake, and a fourth at Sibley known as Fish Lake. Chief among our water-plants found in these lakes is the chinquapin water-lily, unfortunately confined to Lake City and Fish Lake. Less noticeable, but perhaps more interesting are the Utricula- rias, Potamogetons, Myriophyllum, Ceratophyllum, Ranunculus, Didiplis, Monniera, Lemna, Spirodela, Azolla, Heterantheras and Sagittarias, some found in but one or a few, others in all our ponds. With such a large city and important railroad center within its borders as Kansas City, one would naturally expect to find many foreign plants in Jackson County, and this expectation is amply borne out. Some of the introduced plants are among our most common weeds, while of others but a few clumps have been found. Although not weeds, clover ( 7rifo- lium repens) and blue-grass (Poa pratensis) are perhaps the most common of our introduced plants. In fact it is hard to believe that they are in- troduced. Of the introduced plants which have become common weeds, Panicum Crus-Galli, Syntherisma sanguinalis, Chaetochlea glauca and Chae- tochloa viridis, Agrostis alba, Eleusine Indica, Eragrostis major, Festuca ela- tior, Bromus secalinus, Rumex crispus, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopo- dium album, Amaranthus retroflecus, Brassica nigra, Bursa Bursa-pastoris, Sisymbrium officinale, Pastinaca sativa, Ipomoea purpurea, Ipomoea hedera. cea, Verbascum Thapsus, Xanthium strumarium, Helianthus annuus, An- themis Cotula, Carduus lanceolata, Taraxacum officinale, Lactuca virosa and Sonchns asper, are met with everywhere, and are some of our commonest plants. Many native plants have taken on a weedy aspect, and with the DESCRIPTION OF JACKSON COUNTY 1x introduced species above mentioned abound in waste places. Chief among these are: Panicum capillare, Panicum proliferum, Juncus tenuis, Urtica gracilis, Polygonum aviculare, Polygonum Pennsylvanicum, Phyto- lacca decandra, Portulaca neglecta, Lepidium apetalum, Lepidium Virginicum (possibly introduced), Euphorbia maculata, Euphorbia nutans, Asclepias Syriaca, Verbena stricta, Teucrium Canadense, Solanum Carolinense, Vero- nica peregrina, Plantago Rugellii, Plantago aristata, Vernonia interior, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron ramosus, Leptilon Canadense, Iva ciliatu (lo- cally), Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, Ambrosia trifida, Carduus altissimus and Lactuca Canadensis. Along the railroads many species are found, of some perhaps only a plant or two, which hardly deserve a place in our flora, but whose occur- rence it is necessary to mention in order to make a complete record. The railroads at Sheffield are especially rich in such species. A few show a tendency to persist and spread, but most of them are purely waifs. Quite a number of such species are here reported, especially among the Grami- neae and Compositae. At the end of the work will be found a table showing the number of families, genera, species and varieties, from which a knowledge of the component parts of our flora can be obtained almost at a glance. Our largest genera with the number of species and varieties in each are: Carez, 60 ; Polygonum, 20; Panicum, 17; Aster, 16; Cyperus, 13 ; Chenopodium, 12; Meibomia, 12 ; Solidago, 12; Quercus, 11; Euphorbia, 11; Physalis, 10 ; Helianthus, 10. Probably the most noticeable features of our flora are the great number of grasses, Compositae and sedges, the total absence of heaths and the small number of ferns and orchids. x NEW SPECIES, VARIETIES AND NAMES USE OF KEYS. To those not acquainted with the use of botanical keys, a few hints may be of value. Suppose we have gone into the woods and found a plant whose name we would like to ascertain. We first turn to the key to the families at the beginning of the book and find there two lines be- ginning equally far out. We must choose between these two lines, one of which says ‘‘ plants without flowers or seeds’? and the other “ plants with flowers and seeds.’’ We perceive that our plant has both flowers and seeds and so select the second division. Under this, but a little indented, are two lines beginning equally far out. Our plant agrees with the second under which, again, are two lines to select from and again we take the second line. Here we are referred to ‘‘II’’ Glancing down the page, this figure soon meets the eye. In the same manner as before we proceed to select ‘ B,’’ and going on as before we at last find that our plant be- longs to the Portulacaceae found on page 85. Turning to page 85 we com- pare our plant with the family description, and then if all is correct take up the key to the genera. Out of the three genera No. 2 or Claytonia agrees with our plant. Turning to No. 2, we read generic and specific description, and, finding that both descriptions agree, conclude that our plant is Claytonia Virginica or Spring Beauty. By a similar use of the keys scattered through the work—but always commencing with the family key—any plant occurring with us may be traced and named. If a genus has more than one species represented, the key at the beginning of the genus must be used to name the species. NEW SPECIES, VARIETIES AND NAMES. The authors feel that quite a few of the genera and families recognized in this work could be split up with great advantage to the student and to a proper understanding of systematic botany, but they think that work of this character should be left to a book of a more extended scope than this, and so have not attempted it here. Likewise there are several forms of plants growing in our territory, which we have not named, owing to insufficient knowledge of them at present. Some of our plants we thought deserved recognition and these we have indicated as new. A list of the new species, varieties and names given in this work is as follows, the authors being Mackenzie and Bush, except as otherwise in- dicated : 1. Pellaea atropurpurea Bushii Mackenzie, p. 5. . Echinodorus cordifolius lanceolatus (Engelm.), p. 10. . Muhlenbergia polystachya, p. 23. . Hystrix elymoides, p. 39. . Iris foliosa, p. 63. of WwW bd ACKNOWLEDGMENT xi 6. Salix cordata Missouriensis (Bebb), p. 69. 7. Chenopodium album Berlandieri (Mogq.), p. 80. 8. Portulaca neglecta, p 86. 9. Crataegus Mackenzii Sarg., p. 108. 10. Prunus lanata (Sudw.), p. 109. 11. Lespedeza Manniana, p. 118. 12. Lespedeza acuticarpa, p. 118. 13. Lespedeza violacea prairea, p. 118. 14. Oenothera strigosa (Rydb.), p. 139. 15. Convolvulus sepium fraterniflorus, p. 153. 16. Physalis Missowriensis, p. 167. 17. Physalis subglabrata, p. 167. 18. Lobelia spicata leptostachys (A. DC), p. 183. 19. Vernonia interior Drummondii (Shuttlw.), p. 190. 20. Vernonia interior Baldwinii (Torr.), p. 191. 21. Solidago longipetiolata, p. 194. 22. Aster parviceps (Burgess), p. 196. Descriptions of the species of Lespedeza indicated as new appeared in ‘‘ Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis,’’ Vol. XII., No. 2, issued March 19, 1902, and descriptions of several other species here in- dicated as new were published in Vol. XII., No. 7, of the same Trans- actions after the portion of this work containing these species had been printed. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. IN closing this work I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to several gentlemen without whose assistance it would not have been possible in its present form. I have had the benefit of all of Mr. B. F. Bush’s and Rev. Cameron Mann’s notes and observations made in this county and extend- ing over the last twenty years, as well as of the large botanical knowledge possessed by both these gentlemen. Quite a number of the species included herein rest solely on their authority, as do also a large number of the localities given for other species. Mr. Bush’s assistance has been so great that it is but his due to associate his name with the authorship of this work. This has accordingly been done. Many others, especially Mr. William Nelson, of the Kansas City Star, have taken an active interest in the publication of this work and to these my hearty thanks are hereby extended. Thanks are further due to distinguished botanists through- out the United States who have on many occasions named plants sent to them both by myself and by Mr. Bush. I wish also to especially thank Professor N. L. Britton and his assistants in charge of the New York Botan- ical Garden for the use of the facilities afforded by that institution, and for assistance in many difficult genera. KANSAS CiTy, MISSOURI, June 10, 1992. KENNETH K. MACKENZIE. e S/T a ie ‘y : os _ a see Lid ® $ p v Yo an xii - =e ACKNOWLEDGMENT _ SYMBOLS USED. The degree mark (°) is used after figures to indicate feet. / The minute mark (’) is used after figures to indicate inches. i : The second mark (’’) is used after figures to indicate lines, or twelfths _ of an inch. : KEY TO THE FAMILIES xiii KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Plants without flowers or seeds, but with spores which are borne in sporanges. Plants not aquatic and leaves not linear and basal. Sporanges in terminal spikes or panicles or on the back of a leaf. Fronds erect in vernation. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE, 1. Fronds circinate in vernation. Sporanges opening vertically. OSMUNDACEAE, 2. Sporanges opening transversely Sporanges beneath scales in a terminal spike. EQUISETACEAR, 6. Plants small floating aquatics. SALVINIACEAR, 5. Plants with the leaves all linear and basal. ISOETAUVEAE, 6. Plants with flowers and seeds. Ovules naked. PINACEAE, 7. Ovules enclosed in an ovary. Seed with one cotyledon ; stems not differ- entiated into pith, wood and bark ; leaves usually parallel-veined. i Seeds with two cotyledons ; stems differ- entiated into pith, wood and bark ; leaves usually netted-veined. 1G POLYPODIACEAE, 2. Carpels one or more, distinct. Plants with true leaves. Perianth of bristles or scales. Flowers in terminal spikes. TYPHACEAE, 7. Flowers in terminal round heads. SPARGANIACEAR, 8. Perianth corolla-like. Leaves with parallel veins. Carpels one-four. NAIADACEAE, 8. Carpels numerous. ALISMACEAE, 9. Leaves with netted veins. ARACEAE, 54. Perianth none; flowersin the axils of chafty scales. Glumes one for each flower ; fruit an achene ; stems solid. CYPERACEAE, 39. Glumes two for each flower ; fruit a grain ; stems usually hollow. GRAMINEAE, 11. Perianth none ; flowers not in the axils of chaffy scales. ARACEAE, 54. Minute floating plants with no leaves. LEMNACEAE, 54. Carpels united into a compound ovary. Ovary superior. Perianth segments all green. Herbs. J UNCACEAE, 57. Climbing vines. SMILACEAE, 62. xiv KEY TO THE FAMILIES Outer perianth segments green ; inner colored. Petals ephemeral. Petals withering-persistent. Perianth segments all colored. Flowers irregular or perfect ; stamens only three. Flowers regular ; stamens six. Flowers not perfect. Flowers perfect. Fruit a capsule. Fruit a berry. Ovary inferior. Aquatic herbs. Not aquatics ; flowers regular. ] Stamens six ; herbs. Stamens six ; vines. Stamens three. Not aquatics ; flowers irregular. Petals if present not united. Petals none. Petals present. Petals present, more or less united. Aquatic herbs. Leaves whorled, dissected. Leaves opposite, entire. Trees or shrubs. Some of the flowers in aments. Leaves odd-pinnate. Leaves simple. Calyx none. Calyx present. Pistillate flowers in aments or capi- tate. Fruit a nut. Fruit berry-like. Pistillate flowers not in aments and not capitate. Flowers not in aments. Leaves pinnate ; plants prickly. Leaves pinnate ; plants not prickly. Stamens usually two. Stamens four—twelve. Leaves not pinnate. Leaves opposite. Leaves alternate ; sap not milky. Leaves alternate ; sap milky. Herbs or vines. Ovary inferior. Ovary 1-celled. Ovary 4-celled. Ovary 6-celled. COMMELINACEAR, 55. CoNVALLARIACEAE, 61. PONTEDERIACEAE, 56. MELANTHACEAE, 58. LILIACEAE, 58. CONVALLARIACEAE, 61. VALLISNERIACEAE, 11. AMARYLLIDACEAE, 62. DIOSCOREACEAE, 63. IRIDACEAE, 63. ORCHIDACEAE, 64. amp CERATOPHYLLACEAE, 89. CALLITRICHACEAE, 126. JUGLANDACEAE, 66. SALICACEAE, 67. BETULACEAE, 69. MORACEAE, 72. FAGACEAE, 70. RUTACEAE, 122. OLEACEAE, 148. ACERACEAE, 128. ACERACEAR, 128. ULMACEAE, 71. MORACEAE, 72. SANTALACEAE, 74. ONAGRACEAE, 138. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE, 75. KEY TO THE FAMILIES Ovary superior. Ovaries many. Ovary one, 10-celled, 10-ovuled. Ovary one, 5-celled, 5-horned. Ovary one, 4-celled, 4-ovuled. Ovary one, 3-celled, 3-ovuled. Ovary one, 2-several-celled, many- ovuled. Leaves verticillate. Leaves not verticillate. Ovary one, 1-celled, many-ovuled. Ovary one, 1-ovuled. Vines or herbs with compound leaves. Herbs with simple leaves and sheath- ing stipules. Herbs with simple leaves ; stipules not sheathing. Several flowers together and sur- rounded by a 5-lobed bract. Flowers surrounded by scarious bracts. Bracts if present not scarious. Style and stigma one; flowers not perfect. Styles or stigmas two-three. Leaves alternate. Leaves opposite. Ovary superior. Ovary inferior. Corolla irregular. Stamens more than ten. Stamens ten or less. Ovary one-celled and with one parietal placenta. Upper petal enclosed by the lateral in the bud. Lateral petals enclosed by the upper in the bud. Ovary 1-celled and with two parietal placentae. Ovary 1-celled and with three parietal placentae. Ovary 2-celled, 2-ovuled. Ovary 2-celled, several-ovuled. Leaves simple. Leaves pinnate. Ovary 3-celled, 6-ovuled. Ovary 5-celled, several-ovuled. Corolla regular. Stamens more than ten and more than twice the divisions of the corolla. Pistils few—many. Imbedded in pits in the receptacle. On the receptacle. Stamens on the receptacle. XV RANUNCULACEAE, 90. PHYTOLACCACEAE, 84. CRASSULACEAE, 102. CALLITRICHACEAR, 126. EUPHORBIACEAE, 122. AIZOACEAE, 85. LYTHRACEAE, 136. CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 86. MORACEAE, 72. POLYGONACEAE, 75. NYCTAGINACEAE, 84, AMARANTHACEAE, 82. URTICACEAE, 73. CHENOPODIACEAE, 79. CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 86. ae 2. RANUNCULACEAE, 90. CAESALPINIACEAE, 110. PAPILIONACEAE, 111. PAPAVERACEAE, 95. VIOLACEAE, 134. POLYGALACEAE, 122. LYTHRACEAE, 136. PAPILIONACEAE, 111. HIPPOCASTANACEAE, 128. BALSAMINACEAE, 129. NYMPHAEACEAE, 89. xvi Small trees. Herbs or vines. Stamens on the calyx. Pistil one. Vines. Trees. Stamens not in clusters. Stamens in clusters. Herbs with black-dotted leaves. Herbs with dotless leaves. Ovary 3-celled. Ovary 5-many-celled. Ovary 1-celled, with parietal pla- centae. With one parietal placenta. Fruit not pulpy. Fruit pulpy. With more than one parietal pla- centa. Sepals two or three. Sepals four. Sepals five. Ovary 1-celled ; placenta central. Stamens ten or less, orif more, never more than twice as many as the divisions of the corolla. Ovary or ovaries not compound. Ovules on a free central placenta. Sepals two. Sepals four or five. Stamens not opposite the petals. Stamens opposite the petals. Ovules not on a free central placenta. Trees with angulately lobed leaves. Trees with compound leaves. Herbs. Stamens on the receptacle. Anthers not opening by valves. Anthers opening by valves. Stamens on the calyx. Ovaries more than one. Plants fleshy. Plants not fleshy. Ovary one. Flowers in globular heads. Flowers not in heads. Ovary compound as shown by the num- ber of cells, placentae or styles. Woody plants. Stamens ten. Stamens four or five, alternate with the petals. Leaves simple. Leaves compound. Fruit bladdery-inflated. Fruita small drupe. Stamens four or five, opposite the petals. KEY TO THE FAMILIES ANONACEAE, 90. RANUNCULACEAE, 90. ROSACEAR, 104. MENISPERMACEAE, 95. DRUPACEAK, 109. TILIACEAE, 131. HYPERICACEAE, 133. EUPHORBIACEAE, 122. MALVACEAE, 131. RANUNCULACEAE, 90. BERBERIDACEAE, 94. PAPAVERACEAE, 95. CAPPARIDACEAE, 102. CISTACEAE, 134. PORTULACACEAE, 85. PORTULACACEAE, 85. CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 86. PRIMULACEAE, 146. PLATANACEAE, 103. CAESALPINIACEAE, 110. RANUNCULACEAE, 90. BERBERIDACEAK, 94. CRASSULACEAE, 102. ROSACEAE, 104. MIMOSACEAE, 110. CAESALPINIACEAE, 110. SIMARUBACEAK, 122. CELASTRACEAE, 127. STAPHYLEACEAK, 127. ANACARDIACEAE, 126. KEY TO THE FAMILIES Climbing vines. Shrubs. Herbs. Ovary 1-celled, with a free central placenta. Ovary 1-celled, with two parietal placentae. Ovary 1l-celled with three parietal placentae. Ovary 2-celled, with two parietal placentae. Capsule not beaked. Capsule strongly two-beaked. Ovary 2-10-celled. Leaves palmately compound. Leaves 3-foliolate. Leaves pinnately compound. Leaves simple. Ovary 3-celled, 3-ovuled. Ovary 2—4-celled, many-ovuled. Stamens two or three. Stamens four or more. Ovary 4—10-celled. Capsule 5 beaked. Capsule not beaked. 1) Woody plants. Style one. Styles two or more. Fruit 1-celled, many-ovuled. Fruit 1—5-celled, with 1-2 ovules in each cell. . Herbs. Stems flat, jointed, very prickly. Stems not flat, jointed and prickly. Climbing vines. Not climbing. Stamens very numerous. Stamens 12 or fewer. Ovary several—many-ovuled. Aquatic herbs with submerged leaves dissected. Not aquatic herbs with submerged leaves dissected. Calyx tube adherent to base of ovary. Calyx tube adherent to ovary. Ovary 2-5-ovuled. Fruit dry. Fruit berry-like. Ovary superior. Ovary inferior. xvii VITACEAR, 130. RHAMNACEAE, 129. CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 86. CAPPARIDACEAE, 102. HYPERICACEAE, 133. CRUCIFERAE, 96. SAXIFRAGACEAE, 103. GERANIACEAE, 120. OXALIDACEAB, 120. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE, 121. EUPHORBIACEAE, 122, ELATINACEAE, 133. LYTHRACEAE, 136. CRASSULACEAE, 102. LINACEAE, 121. CORNACEAE, 145. GROSSULARIACEAE, 103. POMACEAE, 107. CACTACEAE, 136. CUCURBITACEAE, 188. LOASACEAE, 136. HALORAGIDACEAKE, 140. LYTHRACEAE, 135. ONAGRACEAE, 138. UMBELLIFERAE, 141. ARALIACEAE, 141. wore Xviii KEY TO THE FAMILIES Corolla irregular. ~ Ovary 1-celled. Stamens six, diadelphous. Stamens ten. Stamens two to four. Aquatics. Leafless herbs. Leafy herbs. Ovary 2-celled, 2-seeded. Ovary 2-celled, four-many-seeded. Stamens six or eight. Stamens two, four or five. Woody plants. Herbs. Seeds borne on hook-like projec- tions. Seeds not borne on hook-like projec- tions. Ovary 4-celled or deeply 4-parted. Stamens five. Stamens two or four. Ovary four-celled. Ovary deeply four- lobed. Corolla regular. Herbs. Ovaries two, distir ct. Pollen simple. Pollen united into waxy masses. Ovary deeply 4-lobed around a common style. Stamens five. Stamens two or four. Ovary 4-celled, 4-ovuled. Ovary 5-celled. Leafless saprophytes. Plants with trifoliolate leaves. Ovary 1-celled ; style and stigmas one. With one parietal placenta. With a central placenta. Ovary 1-celled ; stigma 2-lobed. Ovules many. Leaves opposite ; plants glabrous. Leaves opposite ; plants not glabrous. Leaves alternate, deeply-lobed. Ovule one. Ovary 3-celled. Ovary 2-celled. Leafless parasitic vines. Herbaceous vines. Ordinary herbs. Corolla searious. Corolla not scarious. Ovules borne on hooks. Ovules not borne on hooks. Fruit a berry or prickly capsule. Fruit a capsule. PAPAVERACEAE, 95. PAPILIONACEAE, 111. LENTIBULARIACEAE, 174. OROBANCHACEAE, 174. MARTYNIACEAE, 175. VERBENACEAE, 158. POLYGALACEAE, 122. BIGNONIACEAE, 175. ACANTHACEAE, 176. SCROPHULARIACEAE, 169. BORAGINACEAE, 156. VERBENACEABR, 158. LABIATAE, 159. APOCYNACEAE, 149. ASCLEPIADACEAE, 150. BORAGINACEAE, 156. LABIATAE, 159. VERBENACEAE, 158. MONOTROPACEAE, 145. OXALIDACEAE, 120. MIMOSACEAE, 110. PRIMULACEAE, 146. GENTIANACEAE, 148. MARTYNIACEAE, 175. HYDROPHYLLACEAE, 155. PHRYMACEAE, 176. POLEMONIACEAE, 154. CUSCUTACEAE, 153. CONVOLVULACEAE, 152. PLANTAGINACEAF, 177. ACANTHACEAE, 176. SOLANACEAE, 166. SCROPHULARIACEAE, 169. KEY TO THE FAMILIES xix Woody plants. Ovary 4-several-celled ; fruit a berry. Ovary 2-celled ; fruit a capsule. 2. Flowers not in involucrate heads. Stamens fewer than the corolla lobes. Stamens as many asor more than the lobes of the corolla. Herbaceous vines. Herbs or woody plants. Leaves alternate. Leaves opposite or whorled. Fruit dry. Fruit fleshy. Flowers in involucrate heads. Flowers all ligulate. Flowers not all ligulate. Stamens distinct. Flowers greenish. Flowers white. Stamens united by their anthers. EBENACEAE, BIGNONIACEAE, 175. VALERIANACEAE, 181. CUCURBITACEAE, 181. CAMPANULACEAE, 182. RUBIACEAE, 178. CAPRIFOLIACEAE, 179. CICHORIACEAE, 183. AMBROSIACEAE, 186. CoMPOSITAE( Kuhnia),188. COMPOSITAE, 188. aaay | a Dak? ¢ 4}. (Ope he i some , os } iy GT Vs Hh ine KLORA OF JACKSON COUNTY, MISSOURI. Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA. Spore-bearing plants containing woody tissue. Spore on germination forming a flat green body (prothallus), on which are borne the sexual organs, the antherids producing spermatozoids, and the archegones, odspheres. From the fertilization of the latter by the former the spore-~ bearing stage is developed. FAMILY 1. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Presl. Sterile and fertile portions of frond dissimilar, erect in vernation. Sporangia in spikes or panicles, opening by a transverse slit. Spores numerous. Sterile portion of frond entire. 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM. Sterile portion of frond divided. 2. BOTRYCHIUM. 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM L. Low plants from fleshy rootstocks. Sporangia coherent in two ranks on edge of simple spike-like fertile portion of frond. Sterile portion leaf-like, with numerous anastomosing veinlets. 1. O. Engelmanni Prantl. ADDER’Ss-TONGUE. Rootstock deep- seated : sterile segment ovate to elliptic-oblong, mucronate, 2/-3/ long : fertile segment about 1’ long, borne ona stalk 2’—4’ long.—In large colo- nies in thin soil on limestone ledges throughout the southern portion. June, July. 2. BOTRYCHIUM Sw. Fertile portion of frond panicled. Sporangia separate and distinct. Sterile portion much divided, fern-like. Sterile frond thin ; the ultimate segments cut-toothed at apex. 1. B. Virginianum. Sterile frond thick ; the ultimate segments denticu- late. 2. B. obliquum. 1. B. Virginianum (L.) Sw. RATTLE-SNAKE FERN. Fronds 6/-3° high : sterile segment sessile, borne above the middle of the plant, tri- angular in outline, ternate, with divisions once to twice pinnatifid.— Rather frequent in rich woods throughout. May, June. 1 1 2 POLY PODIACEAE 2. B. obliquum Muhl. GRAPE FERN. 87-12’ high: roots very fleshy : sterile portion of frond long-stalked from near base of plant, ter- nate : primary segments once or twice pinnatifid: ultimate segments stalked, obliquely lanceolate.—Five plants in rich woods along the base of the Missouri River bluffs in two stations near Sibley. Fall. FAMILY 2. OSMUNDACEAE R. Br. Differs from POLYPODIACEAE in the sporangia having no elastic ring or very slight traces of one. Sterile and fertile portions of frond very dissimilar. Fertile pinnae much contracted, bearing the sporangia on the margins of the narrow segments. 1. OSMUNDA L. Tall ferns growing in large clumps from thick rootstocks. 1. O. Claytoniana L. FLOWERING FERN. Fronds 2°-4° high, fer- tile in the middle ; fertile pinnae 2-5 pairs, brownish at maturity, soon withering away : sterile pinnae lanceolate in outline, deeply cleft into oblong segments.—Occurs sparingly in moist sandy woods in the vicinity of Sibley. May—June. FAMILY 3. POLYPODIACEAE R. Br. Sporangia having an elastic ring which splits open and discharges the spores. Sporangia borne in clusters (sori) on the back or margins of the frond. Rootstocks usually slender and horizontal. Sori covered by an indusium, or naked. Sterile and fertile fronds very dissimilar. 1. ONOCLEA. Sterile and fertile fronds similar. Indusium formed of margin of frond. Indusium continuous around each segment. 10. PELLAEA. Indusium not continuous around each segment. 9. ADIANTUM. Indusium not formed from the frond margin. Fronds white and powdery on lower surface. 11. NOTHOLAENA. Fronds not white and powdery on lower sur- face. Sori linear in outline. Fronds entire, rooting at apex. 6. CAMP'TOSOKUS. Fronds pinnate. Sori straight. 8. ASPLENIUM. Sori curved. 7. ATHYRIUM. Sori round or roundish. Fronds evergreen. 4. POLYSTICHUM. Bog herbs. 5. DRYOPTERIS. Fronds not evergreen and plants not grow- ing in bogs. Stipes chaffy ; fronds grandular-puberu- 2. Woopsta. lent. Stipes almost smooth: fronds smooth. 3. FILIX. POLY PODIACEAE 3 1. ONOCLEA L. Sporanges pedicelled, forming round sori, covered by the membranous indusia, which are attached to the lower side of the sori. Fertile fronds much contracted, the sterile leaf-like. 1. O. sensibilis L. SENSITIVE FERN. Sterile frond triangular in outline, pinnatifid into lanceolate more or less sinuate-pinnatifid seg- ments: fertile fronds bipinnate: pinnae roundish.—Rather rare in swampy woods. Near Independence, Lake City, Courtney and Sibley. August-— October. 2. WOODSIA Rh. Br. Sori borne on the back of the veins. Indusium attached by the base all around the receptacle, early bursting at the top into irregular lobes. 1. W. obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. CHAFFY FERN. Fronds numerous, 4’-12’ long, lanceolate in outline: pinnae triangular-ovate, pinnately parted with oblong irregularly cut-toothed segments : indusium splitting into 5-7 broad segments acutely jagged at the apex.—Frequent through- out the county on rocks. June-August. 3. FILIX Adans. Delicate ferns with pinnate Jeaves and round sori borne on the back of the veins. Indusium hood-shaped, attached by the base on the inner side, 7. e., towards the middle of the frond, soon withering away. 1. F. fragilis (L.) Underw. Woop FERN. Stipe almost glabrous, 2/-8’ long, from a slender rootstock : frond about as long as stipe, broadly lanceolate in outline: pinnae triangular-ovate, irregularly pinnatifid, the pinnules cut-toothed : indusium acute at the free apex.—Our most com- mon fern, abundant in rocky woods. Late fruiting plants growing on shaded rocks occasionally develop a few chaffy bulblets in the axils of the pinnae. Such forms have been found at Swope Park, along Brush Creek, and near Courtney. May—September. 4. POLYSTICHUM Roth. Fronds pinnate, bearing round sori on the back of the veins. Indusium flattish, orbicular and peltate, fixed by the center. 1. P. acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. CHRISTMAS FERN. Stipes densely chaffy from a stout rootstock: fronds 10’—30’ long, simply pin- nate, the rachis chaffy : pinnae slightly stalked, linear-lanceolate, serru- late with bristly teeth, very oblique at base: sori borne on the upper part of the fertile fronds, confluent: indusium orbicular and peltate, fixed by the depressed center.—In rocky woods along the Missouri River bluffs. Notcommon. July—October. 4 POLY PODIACEAE 5. DRYOPTERIS Adans. Differs from the last genus chiefly in having the cordate-reniform or orbicular indusium fixed by the sinus. 1. D. Thelypteris (L.) A. Gray. Boa FERN. Rootstocks slender, long, creeping, black: stipe smooth, 9’-20’ high: frond 9’-12/ long, pinnate and slightly downy : pinnae 1’-2 long, long-lanceolate in out- line, pinnatifid into oblong lobes, each pinna bearing from 10-18 sori : veinlets forking : indusium reniform.—In a bog along the foot of the bluffs about two miles west of Sibley. July-August. 6. CAMPTOSORUS Link. Low spreading ferns with undulate-margined fronds and linear sori which are irregularly scattered on either side of the reticulated veinlets. Indusium fixed lengthwise to the veinlet. 1. C. rhizophyllus (L.) Link. WALKING FERN. Fronds ever- green, thick, cordate at base, gradually narrowing into a long, slender tip, which takes root and forms a new plant: sori numerous.—In dense patches on moss-covered rocks in shady woods throughout, but nowhere common. June—October. 7. ATHYRIUM Roth. Fronds twice pinnate with oblong or linear sori oblique to the midvein. Indusia curved, fixed lengthwise to inner side of vein. 1. A. Filix-foemina (L.) Roth. LADY FERN. Fronds numerous, from a rather stout rootstock, 8’-30’ long, oblong-lanceolate with about twenty pairs of long-lanceolate pinnae : pinnae once pinnatifid, the seg- ments incised.—A handsome symmetrical fern, locally common in sandy woods west of Sibley. June-August. 8. ASPLENIUM L. Fronds once pinnate. Sori linear or oblong, oblique to the midvein. Indusia straight, fixed lengthwise to inner side of vein. Pinnae entire : 1°—4° high. 1. A. angustifolium. Pinnae variously incised : low ferns. Sori few, not crowded. 2. A. parvulum. Sori numerous, crowded. 3. A. plalyneuron. 1. A. angustifolium Michx. TALL SPLEENWOoRT. 2°-4° high: pinnae 20-40 pairs, long-lanceolate, acuminate: sori crowded, covering the lower surface of the pinnae.—Frequent in rich woods along the Mis- souri River bluffs, especially west of Sibley. August-September. 2. A. parvulum Mart. & Gal. SMALL SPLEENWORT. Stipes tufted, black, short: fronds oblong-linear, 4’-12’ long: pinnae 3//—5’’ long, oblong, crenulate, auricled on the upper side: fruit dots one to seven pairs on each pinna, midway between the midvein and the margin.—A few plants were found in 1884 in a thicket on the bluffs near Courtney. The station has since been destroyed. June-October. SALVINIACEAE 5 3. A. platyneuron (L.) Oakes. EBony SPLEENWOoRT. Resembles the Jast, but with thinner and longer pinnae: sori 4-12 pairs, rather crowded, nearer the midrib than the margin —On mossy rocks on the bluffs at Courtney. Two stations, one of which has been destroyed. There are but few plants at the other. July—-November. 9. ADIANTUM L. Fronds much divided. Sori marginal, covered by a reflexed and altered portion of the pinnule, which serves as an indusium. 1. A.pedatum L. MAIDEN HAIR FERN. A very graceful fern, 9’-20/ high : fronds reniform in outline, forking at the top of the dark stipe, each fork with 3-7 radiating pinnae, each pinna with from 10-40 alter- nate, stalked pinnules: pinnules broadly triangular, entire along lower margin, upper margin more or less cleft: sori usually five to each pin- nule, borne along the upper margin.—Rather common in rich woods. July—November. 10. PHLLAEA Link. Sori marginal, at length forming a continuous marginal line, and covered by the reflexed portion of the frond, which serves as the indusium. 1. P. atropurpurea (L.) Link. CLirr BRAKE. 2/-12/ high: root- stock densely chaffy : stipe and rachis purplish-black, usually strongly puberulent: fronds coriaceous, twice pinnate, ovate-lanceolate in outline : pinnules 3//-12’’ long, oblong-linear, crenulate.—Rather common on limestone rocks. June—September. Var. Bushii Mackenzie, n. var. Stipe and rachis brownish-red, but slightly hairy : fronds thinnish, simply pinnate above, the lower pinnae ternate or rarely quinate.—Dry rocks at Swope Park. 11. NOTHOLAENA R. Br. Fronds pinnate. Sori roundish, marginal, at first covered with the inflexed margin of the pinnules, but with no proper indusium. 1. N. nivea dealbata (Pursh) Davenp. POWDERY CLIFF BRAKE. A small, densely tufted fern, 1/—4’ high: stipe, rachis and branches brown and shining: fronds triangular-ovate in outline, 3-4-pinnate: ultimate segments 1/’ long, usually entire.—In clefts of limestone rocks throughout the western and southern parts. Not uncommon. June- September. Famity 4. SALVINIACEAE Reichenb. Small floating plants with elongated, often branching axis and two- ranked leaves, having two or more thin-walled, 1-celled sporocarps on a common stalk. Sporocarps with a central receptacle bearing macrospo- ranges containing one macrospore, or microsporanges containing numerous microspores. 6 ISOETACEAE 1. AZOLLA Lam. Minute moss-like water plants with pinnately branching stems and imbricated leaves. Sporocarps of two kinds, in pairs in the axils. 1. A. Caroliniana Willd. Plants reddish or greenish, 6’’ or less high : leaves minute, with ovate lobes at the base.—In ponds at Ather- ton, Lake City and Sibley. Common at times. July—October. FAMILY 5. EQUISETACEAE Michx. Rush-like often branching herbs, with hollow, jointed, striate stems, bearing sheaths at the joints. Sporanges 1-celled, borne underneath the shield-shaped scales of the terminal cone-like spike. Spores all similar, numerous, each provided with four ligule-like appendages. 1. EQUISETUM L. Characters of the family. Stems 13° or less high. Sheaths of sterile stems 4-toothed. 1. EF. arvense. Sheaths of sterile stems 5—10-toothed. 2. E. variegatum. Stems 2°-10° high. Stems slender. 3. FE. hyemale. Stems robust. 4. E. robustum. 1. E. arvense L. HORSE-TAIL. Fertile stems without chlorophyll, preceding the sterile, unbranched : sheaths about five, 7/’/-8’’ long, white. bearing twelve brown acuminate teeth: fructification about 1’ long, cylindric : sterile stems green, slender, branched : branches four-angular. —Common on wet banks, the fertile stems appearing in April. 2. BH. variegatum Schleich. SLENDERSCOURING-RUSH. Stems tufted, all with chlorophyll, slender, 5-10-grooved : sheaths partly black.— Muddy sand-bars along the Missouri River. Common at times. Never collected in fruit here. 3. E. hyemale L. COMMON SCOURING-RUSH. Stems unbranched, the numerous ridges each bearing two lines of tubercles : sheaths short, with a black ring at base and a black base to the caducous teeth : fructifica- tion less than 6’ long.—Of rare occurrence on wet banks along the Mis- souri River at Courtney. 4. E. robustum R. Br. Stour ScouRING-RUSH. Like the preceding, but very robust, the ridges of the stem each bearing one line of tubercles. —Very common in bottoms, especially along the Missouri River. Famity 6. ISOETACEAE Underw. Rush-like herbs with numerous linear awl-shaped leaves from a subter- ranean rather small trunk. Sporanges sessile in the axils of the leaves, rather large, orbicular or ovoid and plano-convex, partly covered by a fold from the inner side of the leaf-blade (the velum), the outer bearing macrospores, the inner microspores. TYPHACEAE 7 1. ISOETES L. Characters of the family. 1. I. melanopoda J. Gay. QuILLWoRT. Leaves 10-60, 4’-127 long, slender and keeled, black and shining at base.—Low prairies which are wet in spring, but dry in summer. Near Lake City and Dodson. Local. May-July. Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA. Plants producing true seeds, formed from the fertilization of the ovules by the pollen. Crass I. GYMNOSPERMAE. Ovules not enclosed in an ovary. Famity 7. PINACEAE Lindl. Resinous trees with awl-shaped entire leaves. Stamens and ovules borne in separate aments. Perianth none. 1. JUNIPERUS L. Evergreens with verticillate or opposite leaves and dioecious flowers in small globose aments. Each scale in the pistillate ament bearing a single erect ovule. Cotyledons two. Fruit berry-like. 1. J. Virginiana L. Rep Cepar. Usually a large tree: leaves of two kinds, opposite, either awl-shaped and spiny-tipped or scale-like, imbricate, appressed and four-ranked : berries blue.—Young trees a few inches high occasionally occur in rocky woods throughout the western portion. There are also a few large trees north and west of Lee’s Summit. April. Crass II. ANGIOSPERMAE. Ovules borne in an ovary. Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. Embryo with one cotyledon. Leaves usually parallel-veined. Parts of the flowers in threes. Famity 8 TYPHACEAE J. St. Hil. Marsh plants with long, linear, nerved and sessile leaves. Flowers monoecious in dense terminal spikes, staminate uppermost. Perianth parts formed of bristles. Stamens 2-7 with connate filaments. Ovary 1-2-celled with as many styles, stipitate. Fruit nut-like, usually one- seeded. 8 NAIADACEAE Le eA ly IC AT-raTa, Possessing the family characteristics as given above. Staminate and pistillate flowers separated. 1. 7. angustifolia. Staminate and pistillate flowers not separated. 2. T. latifolia. 1. T. angustifolia L. Like the next but with narrower leaves and spikes: pollen grains single.—Ponds near Courtney and Independence: Rare. June-July. 2 T. latifolia L. 3°-10° high: leaves 3//-10’ broad : staminate and pistillate portion of spike contiguous, each from 3/-12/ long, and often an inch or more in diameter: pollen grains in fours.—Swampy grounds throughout the county. Often common. June. Famity 9. SPARGANIACEAE Agardh. Marsh plants with general aspect of the last family but flowers in widely separated heads in a branching inflorescence. Staminate heads uppermost, conspicuously white. Perianth formed of from 3-6 irregular scales. Filaments usually five, distinct. Ovary sessile, 1-2-celled, with as many styles. Fruit usually 1-celled, very hard. 1. SPARGANIUM I.. Characters of the family. Fruit truncate at apex. 1. 8. eurycarpum. Fruit tapering at apex. 2. S. androcladum, 1. S. eurycarpum Engelm. BiG BUR-REED. Stems2°-8° high, with long, slightly keeled, flat leaves: pistillate heads 2-6, 107-16” in diam- eter at maturity: nutlets sessile, broad and truncate, many-angled.— Locally abundant. In swamps at Lake City, Buckner, and west of Sib- ley. June. ; 2. S. androcladum (Engelm.) Morong. SLENDER BUR-REED. Re- sembles the last but smaller throughout : nutlets stalked, fusiform.—Wet grounds three miles west of Sibley. Local. June. FAmILty 10. NATADACEAE Lindl. Aquatic herbs with leafy stems and perfect or unisexual flowers. Perianth of four segments or wanting. Stamens 1-4, hypogynous and distinct in the fertile flowers, and with extrorse anthers. Ovaries one or four, one-ovuled. Flowers perfect, ovaries four. 1. POTAMOGETON. Flowers not perfect, ovary one. 2. NAIAS. 1. POTAMOGETON L. PONDWEED. Herbs floating in still water or growing in the mud with two ranked alternate or imperfectly opposite leaves. Flowers borne on usually emersed spikes. Sepals, stamens and pistils four each. Sepals rounded ALISMACEAE 9 and sessile with stamens inserted on their base. Pistils one-celled and one-seeded, forming hard nutlets in fruit. Leaves all submersed and similar. 1. P. foliosus. Floating leaves different from the submersed. Submersed leaves linear. Submersed leaves lanceolate or broader. . P. Spirillus. . P. Lonchites. ow 1. P. foliosus Raf. Stems much branched, 2°-3° long : leaves linear, 1—3-nerved, 1’-2’ long, 1’” wide: spikes 1-14-flowered : fruit roundish, strongly keeled, the keel irregularly sinuate-dentate.—Hiffner’s Lake near Atherton. June-July. 2. P. Spirillus Tuckerm. Larger floating leaves 9’”-16’’ long, 3’/—8/7 wide, longer than the slightly dilated petioles, strongly 7-14-nerved : submersed leaves 1/—2/ long, 3’ wide: submersed spikes short-pedicelled, capitately 4-10-flowered : fruit nearly 1’’ long, keeled on the back, with 4-5 teeth or winyless.—-Ponds along the Little Blue River between Atherton and Glendale ; Grain Valley. May-July. 3. P. Lonchites Tuckerm. Floating leaves pointed at both ends, more or less elliptical in outline, 2’-4’ long, 12’7-20’” wide : submersed leaves reticulated, lanceolate, thin, 9’-13’ long, 6//-12’” wide: spikes 1/-2’ long, cylindrical, heavily fruited: fruit keeled.—Common in a pond near Sheffield, in Fish Lake, and in Hiffner’s Lake. June-August. 2. NATAS L. Slender submerged aquatics with opposite spinulose toothed sessile leaves. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, axillary, solitary and sessile. Sterile flower consisting of a single stamen inclosed ina double perianth, the pistillate of a single naked ovary. Fruit small and sessile. 1. N. flexilis ( Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt. Delicate and slender with minutely serrulate linear leaves about 1’ long and 1’ wide: sheaths conspicuous, minutely toothed: seeds obscurely sculptured.—In the pond north of Sheffield. Rare. June-July. FAMILY 11. ALISMACEHAE DC. Marsh herbs with racemose-paniculate flowers on scapes. Petals and sepals three each, the former white. Stamens six or more. Ovaries numerous, one-celled, one-ovuled. Fruit an achene. Roots fibrous. Leaves numerous, all radical, and long-petioled. Flowers perfect. Stamens six, leaves lanceolate. 1. ALISMA. Stamens twelve, leaves usually cordate. 2. ECHINODORUS. Stamens 9-15, leaves sagittate. 3. LOPHOTOCARPUS. Flowers not perfect. 4. SAGITTARIA. 10 ALISMACEAE 1. ALISMA L. Flowers rather small, on three-bracteolate pedicels. Numerous ovaries in a single whorl on a flat receptacle. Achenes flat, ribbed on the back and sides. 1. A. Plantago L. WATER PLANTAIN. Leaves ovate or ovate-lan- ceolate, 3-10-nerved: panicle compound, many-flowered, 8’—2° high.— Abundant in the pond north of Sheffield, at Lake City, Fish Lake and Hiffner’s Lake. June-September. 2. EHCHINODORUS Rich. Inflorescence usually somewhat branched, bearing the pedicelled flowers in whorls of 3-6. Ovaries many, capitate, on a large convex receptacle. Achenes ribbed and beaked, forming spinose heads. 1. E. cordifolius (L.) Griseb. BuUR-HEAD. Leaves of two kinds, the emersed thick, broadly ovate, cordate at base, the blade 6’-8’ long, and nearly as wide: the submersed leaves smaller, thin and often pellucid, lance-ovate and rounded at base: scape erect, 1°-3° high.—Often com- mon in swamps and ditches in the Missouri River bottoms. June-Sep- tember. Var. lanceolatus (Engelm.) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. A low form not more than 6’ high with narrowly lanceolate leaves acute at base, and a small panicle bearing few heads.—Hiftner’s Lake near Ather- ton. July. (E£. rostratus var. lanceolatus Engelm. ) 3. LOPHOTOCARPUS T. Durand. Verticels few-flowered, the lower flowers perfect, the upper staminate. Sepals inclosing fruit. Pistils numerous. Achenes winged. 1. L. calycinus (Engelm.) J. G. Smith. FALSE ARROW-HEAD. Scape 3/-15’ high, shorter than the leaves, at length “decumbent : flowers borne on long pedicels, the fertile pedicels recurved: leaves broadly sagittate or hastate, the lobes widely spreading.—Uncommon on wet sand-bars along the Missouri River, but abundantin the pond north of Sheffield, and at Hiffner’s Lake. July—October. 4. SAGITTARIA L. ARROW-HEAD. Much like the last. Lower flowers pistillate, the upper staminate. Sepals reflexed or spreading in fruit. Stamens usually numerous, cover- ing the convex receptacle. Rootstocks bearing large tubers which often completely cover the bottoms of swamps where these plants are pumerous. © Fruiting heads sessile. Fruiting heads pedicelled. Leaf-blades sagittate. 1. S. latifolia. Leaf-blades lanceolate. 3. S. graminea. 2. S. rigida. GRAMINEAE 11 1. S. latifolia Willd. Scape 3’—4° high: filaments glabrous : achene about 1’” Jong, winged on both margins with a long horizontal beak : leaves in our plant usually large and broad.—Common throughout in ponds and along streams. June—October. 2. S. rigida Pursh. Scape weak, shorter than the leaves, the latter lance-oval, entire or with one or two basal lobes : fertile flowers sessile : pedicels of sterile flowers 1’ or less long : filaments glandular-pubescent : achenes long-beaked.—Common in ponds at Lake City, Sheffield, and Atherton. June-September. 3. S. graminea Michx. 1° high: leaves long-petioled, often blade- less: flowers all pedicelled : filaments pubescent: achene less than 1/7 long, slightly winged, short-beaked.—Common in ponds at Lake City, Sheffield, and Atherton. June-September. FAMILY 12. VALLISNERIACEAE Dumort. Aquatic herbs with regular dioecious flowers from a spathe. Perianth segments in fertile flowers adherent at base to ovary. Ovary 1-celled with three parietal placentae. Indehiscent fruit ripening under water. 1. PHILOTRIA Raf. Branching very leafy stems submersed. Leaves 1-nerved, sessile, pedicelled. Flowers sessile, from a 2-cleft spathe. Perianth segments six. Sterile flowers minute, with 9 stamens, breaking off and floating on the surface of the water. Pistillate flowers with a very long capillary tube, floating. Stigmas 3, two-lobed. 1. P. Canadensis (Michx.) Britton. WATER-WEED. Leaves 2//-7/% long, opposite or verticillate, serrulate.—In Fish Lake and in ponds along the Little Blue north of Glendale. June. FAMILY 13. GRAMINEAE Juss. A large and very important order of herbaceous plants with (usually) hollow stems closed at the joints. Leaves sheathing. Inflorescence very varied, consisting of spikelets formed of flowers solitary in the axils of two-ranked scales, called glumes. Lower glumesempty. Upper glumes containing flowers which are usually enveloped in a thin scale, called the palet. Flowers perfect or imperfect. Stamens usually three. Ovary one-celled, one-ovuled. Styles two. Fruit a seed-like grain. ie Spikelets 1-2-flowered. Rachis articulated below the glumes, so that the spikelets break off as a whole. Flowers monoecious. Fertile spikelets imbedded in the thick rachis. 1. TRIPSACUM. Flowers panicled, pedicelled. 11. ZIZANIA. 12 GRAMINEAE Flowers perfect, staminate or wanting. Spikelets much flattened laterally. Spikelets not much flattened laterally. Flowering glume with a short hooked awn. Flowering glume long-awned. Inflorescence spike-like. Flowers long-silky. Flowers not silky. Inflorescence panicled. Flower with two plumose pedicels at base. Flower without plumose pedicels at base. Flowering glume not awned. Flowers in open panicles. Flowers in spikes. Spikelets subtended by an inyo- lucre. Involuere spiny. Involucre consisting of bristles. Spikelets not subtended by an in- volucre. Rachis produced beyond upper- most spikelet. Rachis wider than spikes. Rachis not wider than spikes. Rachis not produced beyond up- permost spikelet. Spikelets obovate, with cari- nate glumes. Spikelets plano-convex, not carinate. Spikelets obtuse. Spikelets acute. Spikes digitate at top of culm. Spikes not digitate. 106 Spikelets 1-many-flowered. Rachis articu- lated above the two lower glumes, so that they remain when the flower breaks off. Spikelets not arranged in rows. Spikelets with one perfect flower. Spikelets with two or more perfect flow- ers. Spikelets in two rows in one-sided spikes. Spikelets in two rows on opposite sides of a spike. A. Flowers three-awned. Flowers awnless or one-awned. Panicle open, not spike-like. 12. 1 MD vw rc 0. HOMALOCENCHRUS. . Houcus. . ANDROPOGON. . PANICUM. . SORGHASTRUM. . SORGHUM. . PANICUM. . CENCHRUS. . CHAETOCHLOA. . PASPALUM. . SPARTINA. . BECKMANNIA. . PASPALUM. . SYNTHERISMA. . ERIOCHLOA. 5S on > ARISTIDA. GRAMINEAE Flowers (not outer glumes) long- hairy at base. Flowering glumes short-awned. Flowering glumes not awned. Flowers not long-hairy at base. Flowering glume long-awned. Awn very long, twisted. Awn long, flexuose. Awn very capillary. Flowering glume not long-awned. Spikelets flattened, bearing an awn +” long. Spikelets not flattened and awn- less. Third scale longer than first. Third scale shorter than first. Panicle spike-like. Flowering glumes not awned. Glumes five, the third and fourth very small. Glumes three. Empty glumes obliquely trun- cate. Empty glumes acute. Flowering glumes thinner than empty glumes. Flowering glumes thicker than empty glumes. Flowering glumes awned. Spikes compound. Spikes simple. Glumes five; sweet-smelling grass. Glumes three ; not sweet smell- ing. B. Tall reeds with rachis and flowers long-vil- lous. Not tall reeds and rachis and flowers not long-villous. Flowering glume awned from the middle. Spikelets less than 6’ long. Spikelets more than 6/7 long. Flowering glume awnless or awned from the apex. Flowering glume toothed or lobed at apex. Spikelets sessile. Spikelets pedicelled. Flowering glume not toothed or lobed at apex. Flowering glumes 3-nerved. Glumes thick and coriaceous ; pan- icle few-flowered. Glumes not thick and coriaceous ; panicles many-flowered. 24. 13. iS), 36. 28. 29. 38. 37. 43. 13 CALAMAGROSTIS. . CALAMOVILFA. . STIPA. . BRACHYELYTRUM. . APERA. . CINNA. . SPOROBOLUS. . AGROSTIS. PHALARIS. PHLEUM. . SPOROBOLUS. . MUHLENBERGIA. . MUHLENBERGIA. . ANTHOXANTHUM. . ALOPECURUS. PHRAGMITES. TRISETUM. AVENA. DIPLACHNE. SIEGLINGIA. KORYCARPUS. 14 GRAMINEAE Empty glumes very dissimilar in outline. 40. EATONIA. Empty glumes similar in out- line. Panicle spike-like. 41. KOELERIA. Panicle open. 39. ERAGROSTIS. Flowering glumes 5-many-nerved. Glumes papery. 42. MELIOA. Glumes not papery. Glumes strongly keeled. Glumes awned. 46. DACTYLIS. Glumes not awned. Large spikelets in drooping panicles. 44, UNIOLA. Spikelets erect. Plants dioecious. 45. DISTICHLIS. Plants not dioecious. 47. POA. Glumes rounded on back. Flowering glume awned. Spikelets strongly pedicel- led. 50. Bromus. Spikelets nearly sessile. 49. FESTUCA. Flowering glume awnless, ob- tuse and scarious at apex. 48. PANICULARIA. Flowering glume awnless, acute at apex. 49. FESTUCA. C. Spikes digitate. 34. ELEUSINE. Spikes not digitate. Spikelets with two or more perfect flowers. 35. LEPTOCHLOA. Spikelets with one perfect flower. Spikes long and very slender. 31. SCHEDONNARDUS. Spikes short and broad. 32. BOUTELOUA. D. Spikes one to each joint of the rachis. Placed edgewise on the rachis. 51. LoLtium. Placed flatwise on the rachis. 52. AGROPYRON. Spikelets two or more to each joint of the rachis. Empty glumes waiting. 55. HYSTRIX. Empty glumes present. Spikelets all perfect. 54. ELYMUs. Spikelets three at each joint, the lat- eral ones sterile. 53. HORDEUM. 1. TRIPSACUM L. Tall perennial grasses with monoecious flowers in jointed spikes which are staminate above and pistillate below. Staminate spikes two-flow- ered, in pairs at each node. Glumes four, the outer coriaceous, the inner thin. Pistillate spikelets one-flowered, deeply imbedded in the thick rachis. Stigmas conspicuous, purple. GRAMINEAE 15 1. T. dactyloides L. GAMAGRAss. 4°-8° high, bearirg 1-3 spikes at the summit, as well as some from the upper axils: leaves broad and flat—Common throughout in wet places, especially in prairie swales. June—July. 2. ANDROPOGON L. BR0oM-GRaAss. Perennials, bearing spikelets in pairs at each joint of the rachis, one of them perfect and sessile with four glumes, the lower thick, the second acute and carinate, the upper two thin. Flowering glume more or less awned. The other spikelet pedicelled and sterile. Spikes not in pairs or clustered. Spikes in pairs or digitate. Hairs on rachis internodes 1’ long. Hairs on rachis internodes 13’/-2/’ long. Spikes densely clustered. _ . A. scoparius. . A. furcatus. A. chrysocomus. . A, Torreyanus. mow 1. A. scoparius Michx. 1°-4° high: spikes peduncled, numerous, hairy with long dull white hairs: sterile spikelet an awn-pointed scale : awn of fertile spikelet about 5’’-6’”” long.—Common in open rocky woods and prairies, especially in the southern part. July-September. 2. A. furcatus Muhl. Tall, 3°-6° high: spikes 2-5, approximate at the summit: hairs on the rachis and pedicels short: sterile spikelet stam- inate, with four scales: awn of fertile spikelet 5’’-7’” long, bent.—Com- mon in similar situations, and usually with the last. July-September. 3. A.chrysocomus Nash. Closely resembles the last, but outer scales of sessile spikelets smooth except on nerves (hispidulous in A. furcatus), and rachis hairs longer aud usually yellow.—In similar situations as the last. August—October. 4. A. Torreyanus Steud. 2°-4° high: spikes numerous, in a terminal, spicate panicle: hairs of spikelet long, white: sterile spikelet scale-like : awn of fertile spikelet 4’’-6” long, bent.—Well adventized in one locality at Sheffield ; also near Red Bridge. June-September. 3. SORGHASTRUM Nash. Tall perennials with spikelets in pairs or threes in an open panicle, the middle one sessile and perfect with four scales, the outer thick and shin- ing. Lateral flowers pedicelled, reduced to plumose pedicels. 1. S. avenaceum (Michx.) Nash. INDIAN GRass. 3°-6° high: panicle branches erect spreading : spikelets yellowish or brownish, hairy : awn twisted, 5-10’ long, the column not bent.—In dry open soil, throughout. Probably includes two species with us. August-September. 4. SORGHUM Pers. Spikelets two together, one sessile and fertile, the other pedicelled, sterile. Perfect spikelet with four scales, the fourth awned. 16 GRAMINEAE 1. S. Halepense (L.) Pers. JOHNSON-GRASS. 3°-5° high: leaves long and broad : panicle often 1° long : outer glumes of spikelets pubes- cent.—Frequently adventized along railroads.—June-September. 5. PASPALUM L. Spikelets in 2-4 rows in one-sided spikes, awnless, plano-convex, very shortly pedicelled. Glumes three. Spike one to many. Rachis winged, spikes 20 or more. 1. P. mucronatum. Rachis not winged, spikes one to three. Culms erect. 2. P. Bushii. Culms reclining. 3. P. Muhlenbergii. 1. P. mucronatum Muhl. Annual: culms decumbent or ascending : rachis of spikes broadly winged, incurved, partly inclosing the spikelets, tapering to an acute point: spikelets in two rows, pubescent, rather pointed.—Along Sni-a-bar Creek about three miles south of Grain Valley. August—October. 2. P. Bushii Nash. Culms 2°-3° high, erect: leaves densely short soft-pubescent on both sides : racemes in twos or threes : spikelets 1’’ long, the empty scales pubescent.—Occasional in sandy grounds, especially in the Missouri bottoms. Often appearsas if adventized. August—October. 3. P. Muhlenbergii Nash. Resembles the last but culms reclining : leaves sparsely pubescent with long hairs: racemes solitary or in twos and spikelets glabrous.—In a field near Roanoke, Kansas City. August- October. 6. ERIOCHLOA H B.K. Perennial grasses with flowers in panicled spikes. Spikelets with a callus at base. Glumes three, the two outer acute and membranous, the shorter inner one obtuse and hardened. 1. E. punctata (L.) O. Hamilt. Dorrep MiILuer. Ascending culms 13° high, bearing 4-15 spikes, the latter 1/-2’ long: spikelets hairy, about 2’’ long.—Occasional in the railroad yards at Sheffield. July-August. 7. SYNTHERISMA Walt. Annual grasses with flowers in spikes, approximate at the summit of the culm. Spikelet awnless and pointless with four scales, the lowest minute or wanting. Rachis three-angled, not winged. 1. S. filiformis. Rachis flat, winged. Sheaths and leaves glabrous. 2. S. linearis. Sheaths and leaves more or less pubescent. 3. S. sanguinalis. 1. S. filiformis (L.) Nash. SLENDER CRAB-GRAsS. Erect slender culms 1°-3° high: spikes 2-8, erect, filiform, 2/-5’ long: spikelets 3/’ long : lower glumes wanting.—Occasionally occurs in dry soil throughout the southern part. August—October. GRAMINEAE KY. 2. S. linearis (Krock.) Nash. SmMooTH CRAB-GRASS. Culms decum- bent: leaves short, 17-3’ long, glabrous : spikes 2-6: spikelets 1/’ long : first glume wanting : second glume as long as flowering one, hairy.—Com- mon in sandy fields, especially along the Missouri River. July—October. 3. S. sanguinalis (L.) Dulac. CRAB-GRAsS. Culms erect, ascending or spreading, 1°-3° long: leaves 2’-6’ long: spikes 3-12, spreading : spikelets 14/” long : lowest glume present : second glume half as long as the flowering one.—Growing everywhere in fields. July—October. 8. PANICUM L. PANIC GRAss. Spikelets with one pistillate and sometimes one additional staminate flower. Glumes four, the three lower membranous, the two lower empty, the third usually empty or sometimes bearing a staminate flower. Fourth seale thick and shiny, inclosing a similar palet. Some or all the flowers awned. 1. P. Crus-Galli. Flowers never awned. All Jeaves similar ; panicle elongated. AXe Basal leaves shorter and broader than the culm leaves ; panicle short. B. 7 Smooth throughout. Spikelets 2/7 long. 12. P. virgatum. Spikelets 1/’-14’’ long or less. 14. P. proliferum. Spikelets #’’ long. 2. P. agrostoides. More or less pubescent, especially the lower sheaths. Spikelets 2’’ long or more. 13. P. miliaceum. Spikelets 13’’ long or less. Panicle bearded in the axils. 17, P. cognatum. Panicle not bearded in the axils. Culms stout and much branched. 15. P. capillare. Culms slender, branching only from base. 16. P. flexile. B. Culm leaves long and linear. 11. P. perlongum. Culm leaves lanceolate or broader. Spikelets 1’” long or less. Leaves almost glabrous. 8. P. sphaerocarpon. Leaves pubescent. Axis of panicle long-pilose. 10. P. lanuginosum. Axis of panicle almost smooth. 9. P. unciphyllum. Spikelets more than 1/7 long. Culm leaves broad and clasping at base. Sheaths papillose-hispid. 5. P. elandestinum. Sheaths not papillose-hispid. Sheaths hairy. 3. P. Porterianum. Sheaths glabrous. 4. P. macrocarpon. Culm leaves lanceolate, hardly clasping at base. Spikelets nearly glabrous. 6. P. Scribnerianum. Spikelets very hairy. 7. P. Liebergii. 1. P. Crus-Galli IL. BARNYARD GRAsS. A Coarse grass 1°-5° high, with long rough leaves: spikelets imbricated, making the 5-15 2 18 GRAMINEAE panicle branches appear spike-like: spikelets hispid.—Common in ditches and waste places. An occasional form is almost awnless. June— October. 2. P. agrostoides Spreng. . Flat culms erect, 2°—3° high, branching : panicles 3’—5’ long: primary panicle-branches spreading, secondary ap- pressed : spikelets numerous, crowded, %’/ long: second and third scales equal, twice as long as the first, and longer than the fourth. Our plant is provided with long capillary involucra] hairs at the base of the spike- let.—In swampy grounds. Near Adams (rare) and at Fish Lake. July-September. 3. P. Porterianum Nash. 1°-3° high: larger leaves 4’ long and 1/ wide, cordate-clasping at base, more or less hairy : nodes barbed : sheaths hairy : panicle 2’—4’ long, with ascending branches: spikelets 1}’’ long or more, hairy.—Frequent in rich woods. May-July. 4. P. macrocarpon Le Conte. Like the last, but nodes not barbed, sheaths glabrous, and leaves not hairy, but ciliate: spikelets more in- flated.—Frequent in rich woods. May-July. 5. P. clandestinum L. 2°-5° high: sheaths very papillose-hispid : spikelets about 13’” long, smoothish : second aud third scales plainly 9-nerved. In damp thickets. Not uncommon. May-—July. 6. P. Scribnerianum Nash. 1°—2° high, growing in clumps: leaves spreading, 2/—-4’ long, 3/’—4’” wide, rough: sheaths papillose-hispid : culms and panicle smooth : panicle open, 2/—3/ long, 1/-2’ wide.—Com- mon in dry woods. May-July. 7. P. Liebergii (Vasey) Scribn. Resembles the last but is more slender and with ascending leaves, hairy beneath: sheaths vefy pubes- cent: panicle much exserted, 2’—-3’ long: spikelets about 13/’ long, noticeably pubescent.—Common on prairies near Lee’s Summit. Also at Buckner. May-June. 8. P. sphaerocarpon EJ]. Culms 4/-10’ high, at length much- branched, smooth : leaves 13’-3/ long, 2/7-3’’ wide, smooth or sparing] ) 2 >) 5) Pp gly long-ciliate at the clasping base: sheaths ciliate on margin: primar gs ping g Pp uf panicle 2’ long, much exserted: spikelets glabrous, 14’’ long.—Sandy woods southeast of Grain Valley. June—July. 9. P.unciphyllum Trin. Culms 6/-10’ high, at length much- branched : leaves 2/—3’ long, 2’’-3’’ wide, papillose-hairy on both sides and long-ciliate: sheaths and culms long-hairy and nodes densely bearded: primary panicle 17-2’ long, little or not at all peduncled : spikelets less than 1’’ long, pubescent.—On dry prairies south of Lee’s Summit, and in dry woods at Swope’s Park. May-June. 10. P. lanuginosum Ell. Culms 12/-18’ high: leaves 1}/-3/’ long, 2//-4’’, wide, hairy and sparingly ciliate: sheaths, culm and main branches of the panicle long-hairy: panicle 14’-3’ long: spikelets }// long, pubescent.—Common in dry woods throughout. May-July. GRAMINEAE 19 11. P. perlongum Nash. A densely tufted perennial with smooth culmsand hairy, long-linear leaves : primary panicle long-exserted, longer than the leaves, few-flowered : secondary panicle 4—8-flowered on short culms almost hidden by bases of the leaves: spikelets 13’’ long, nearly smooth.—On dry rocky slopes on the prairie between Greenwood and Lee’s Summit. Notcommon. May-June. 12. P. virgatum L. 2°-5° high: panicle 6’-18’ long, with numer- ous ascending branches, at length spreading or drooping: spikelets 2/’-23/’ long: second scale very sharp pointed.—Frequent throughout in low, usually sandy ground. July-September. 13. P. miliaceum L. MILLET. Stout culms 1°-2° high: leaves 5/-6’ long with papillose-hispid sheath: panicle 4’-6’ long, dense, more or less included.—Sparingly adventive along the railroads at Sheffield and Courtney. July-August. 14. P. proliferam Lam. Culms erect to decumbent, geniculate, 2°-5° high: pyramidal panicle 47-20’ long with numerous spreading branches which are flower-bearing for about two-thirds their length : spikelets 1/” long, green or purplish.—Common along ponds and river banks, and one of the commonest of weedy grasses along the streets of Kansas City and other cities in the county. August—October. 15. P. capillare L. WuitrcH Grass. Culms 6’—4° high, erect or de- cumbent and often very geniculate: sheaths, culms and leaves very hairy : terminal panicle at first included, at length exserted and widely spreading, 6/-14’ long with capillary branches.—Common in waste grounds, corn fields, ete. July- October. 16. P. flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. Closely resembling the last, but the leaves are narrower, smoother and more erect, the culm is strictly erect, and the branches of the long, ovoid panicle are ascending and not spreading.—In dry grounds throughout. Not uncommon. July—Oc- tober. 17. P. cognatum Schultes. Culms decumbent, about 1° high : lower sheaths and axils of the panicle hairy, otherwise smooth: leaves 1/—3/ long, 2’ wide : panicle 3/-8’ long, ovoid in outline: branches capillary and few-flowered, often 2’ long and but 1-flowered : spikelets 13’” long. — Sparingly introduced along the railroad at Courtney and Kansas City. July—October. 9. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. Annuals. Spikelets as in Panicum, but with from one to several bristles on the rachis below the point of attachment of the spikelet, the bristles therefore persistent. July-September. Brist!es downwardly barbed. 1. C. verticillata, Bristles upwardly barbed. Spikes 4’ or more long, 3’-2’ thick, noticeably com- pound. 4. C. Italica. 20 GRAMINEAE Spikes 33’ or less long, 4’ or less thick, not notice- ably compound. Spikes yellow, very erect and closely flowered. 3. C. glauca. Spikes green, less closely flowered and more nodding. 2. C. viridis. 1. C. verticillata (L.) Seribn. FoxtTart. 1°-2° high, with a pale green spike 2/—3’ long: bristles one or two to each flower, slightly ex- ceeding the spikelet.— Waste places in Independence. Uncommon. 2. C. glauca (L.) Scribn. YELLOW FoxtTarn. 1°-4° high, the slightly flexuous tawny yellow spike 1/—4’ long: bristles 6-11 to each spikelet, much longer than the spikelet: first scale shorter than the second: third and fourth scales equal, longer than the second : fourth scale transversely rugose.—Extremely abundant in waste places, corn- fields, along railroads and the like. 3. C. viridis (L.) Scribn. GREEN FoXxTAIL. Closely resembles the last, but the green spikes are more nodding and less closely flowered, and the bristles are fewer in number : the first scale one-third the length of the other three, which are about equal in length : fourth scale striate lengthwise and pitted.—Growing with the last and about as common. 4. C. Italica (L.) Seribn. MILLET. 2°-5° high with a large com- pound spike, 4’-8 long, 10’’-15” broad, usually interrupted at base: bristles 2-3: spikelets much as in the last : heads nodding or erect.— Occasionally escaped into waste lots and along railroads. Var. Germanica ( Mill.) Scribn. HUNGARIAN GRAss. Smaller than the species : spikes about 6’’ broad : bristles usually purplish.—In simi- lar situations as the type. 10. CENCHRUS L. Spikelets awnless ; as in Panicum, but several are enclosed together ina horridly spiny involucre. Involucres forming an interrupted terminal spike. 1. C. tribuloides L. Bur-GrAss. A decumbent annual, 8’—20/ high : spikes about 2’ long, with 8-20 two-flowered heads: involucres pubes- cent, covered all over with short stout barbed spines.—A troublesome weed, often common in sandy grounds along the Missouri River. July— October. 11. ZIZANIA L. A tall aquatic with monoecious flowers in a terminal panicle. Upper flowers pistillate and erect, long-awned, the lower staminate and droop- ing, unawned. Glumestwo. Stamens six. 1. Z. aquatica L. Witp Rice. Annual, 3°-10° high, with long flat leaves, 1°-3° long: spikelets very deciduous, and early breaking from the rachis.—In the lake at Lake City. Rare. July—October. 12. HOMALOCENCHRUS Mieg. CutT-GRAss, Lowland grasses with flat spikelets crowded in one-sided panicles. Spikelets usually imbricated over each other. Glumes two, strongly GRAMINEAE 21 flattened, usually ciliate on the keels, awnless, about equal in length, the second much narrower than the first. Leaves clothed with minute hooked prickles. Spikelets partly curved, 13’ long. 1. H. Virginicus. Spikelets flat, 2’’-3’’ long. 2. H. oryzoides. 1. H. Virginicus (Willd.) Britton. Culms 1°-3° high with a finally long exserted panicle: spikelets crowded at the ends of the branches, closely appressed and somewhat curved around the branches : stamens one or two.—Rather common in low wet woods. August-October. 2. H. oryzoides (L.) Poll. Larger than the last with a larger diffusely branched panicle: stamens three.—Growing in dense masses around swamps and less luxuriantly along streams. Well distributed through- out. August-October. 13. PHALARIS L. Flowers in panicles which are often very spike-like. Spikelets one- flowered with five glumes, the first and second large, keeled and thick, the third and fourth rudimentary (reduced to scales or bristles), the fifth subtending a similar palet and the flower. Panicle not spike-like ; grass of wet grounds. 1. P. arundinacea. Panicle spike-like; grasses of waste places. Spikelets green, narrowly keeled. . P. Caroliniana. Spikelets white with green lines, broadly keeled. 3. P. Canariensis. vo 1. P. arundinacea L. REED CANARY Grass. Perennial, 2°-5° high, with long flat leaves ; first and second glumes not winged.—Well distributed in wet grounds in the northeastern part. May-June. 2. P. Caroliniana Walt. SOUTHERN CANARY GRASS. Smooth annual about 2° high, with spike-like panicle 1/-3’ long and about 6’ wide, oblong in outline.—Rarely adventized along railroads from Sheffield to Courtney. May-June. ‘ 3. P. Canariensis L. CANARY GRAss. Annual 2°-3° high, with long-peduncled spike-like panicles j/-13’ long, 5’’-7/ wide at hase and tapering to the summit.—Rarely occurs in waste places and along rail- roads. May—June. 14. ANTHOXANTHUM L. Glumes five, the first shorter than the second, the third and fourth empty, two-lobed and awned, the fifth shorter, about the length of the palet. 1. A. odoratum L. VERNAL GRASS. Annual about 2° high, with numerous slightly hairy, flat leaves: spikes long-exserted, 2/3’ long: third glume bearing an awn inserted on the back about the middle, and the fourth an awn inserted near the base.—Rarely adventized along the railroads at Courtney. May—June. 22 GRAMINEAE 15. ARISTIDA L. THREE-AWNED GRASS. Annual tufted grasses, with spikelets in spike-like racemes or panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered and with three scales, the third bearing three awns, sometimes united at the base. Middle awn abruptly reflexed. Not spiral at base. Spiral at base. Middle awn not abruptly reflexed. . A. gracilis. . A. basiramea. we Awns 12//-36’7 long. 3. A. oligantha. Awns 9’ or less long. 4. A. intermedia. 1. A. gracilis Ell. 6/-18’ high: leaves 1/-9/ long, flat or involute : panicles simple and few-flowered, the larger 4’—5’ lon& : second outer scale 2/’—3’’ long, sharp: pointed : flowering scale 3’’ long, its lateral awns erect, 1’’ long, and its central awn abruptly reflexed, 3’/-6’’ long.— Occurs locally in dry sandy fields, five miles southeast of Grain Valley. September—October. 2. A. basiramea Engelm. Resembling the last, but first scale 3//—4// long and second 4//7-5’” long: flowering glume 5’” long, its central awn “//-8”” long, spiral at base : lateral awns 3’’ long.—Dry woods along Blue ear Martin City. 3. A. oligantha Michx. Strongly tufted and much branching, 1°-2° high : panicles rather few-flowered : two lower scales awn-pointed, sub- equal, 6’’-10’’ long : awns spreading, the central 1/—3/’ long, slightly longer than the lateral ones.—In dry soil throughout. Often very com- mon. August—October. 4. A. intermedia S. & B. Annual, 1°-2° high, erect from a decum- bent and branching base: panicle strict, about 6’ long: lower glumes sharp-pointed, 3/’-4’” long, subequal: awns spreading, the central 6’’-9”’ long, the lateral slightly shorter.—On sand-bars along the Mis- souri River at Courtney; also at Quindaro, Kansas. Locally abundant. August-September. 16. STEP AW: Usually tall grasses. Glumes three, the flowering glume coriaceous, convolute around the palet and grain, with a hairy callus at base, and bearing a long twisted awn articulated to the scale. 1. S. spartea Trin. PORCUPINE GRAss. 2°-4° tall, with long con- volute leaves: panicle long-exserted, rather simple: awn 5/-8’ long : flowers early deciduous.—Common locally on rocky prairies around Lee’s Summit. One of our most peculiar grasses. May-June. 17. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. Spikelets one-flowered, borne in contracted panicles. Glumes three, the two outer thin and persistent, acute to awn-pointed. Flowering glume acute or bearing an awn. GRAMINEAE 23 Flowéring glume not awneid. Lower glumes acute. 1. WM. sobolifera. Lower glumes strongly acuminate. Flowering glume 13’’ or more long. 2. M. Mexicana. Flowering glume 17 or less long. 3. WM. polustachya, Lower glumes exceeding flowering glumes. 4. M. racemosa. Flowering glume awned. Lower glumes minute or wanting. 5. M. diffusa. Lower glumes 3 to # length of flowering glume. 6. M. tenuiflora. Lower glumes equalling flowering glume. 7. M. sylvatica. 1. M. sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. 1°—3° high, erect: leaves 3/-4/ long, 2’’-3” wide: panicle very slender, much-contracted, long-exserted, 2/’-6”” long: spikelets 1/7 long.—Not uncommon in rocky woods. Sep- tember—October. 2. M. Mexicana (L.) Trin. Much branching, 14°-3° high, with geniculate culms: panicles both lateral and terminal, contracted, with appressed spike-like branches, more or less included : spikelets 13’’ or more long ; hairs at base of flowering glume few, short : empty glumes equal or very unequal, longer or shorter than the flowering glime.— Common in low woods along streams. August—October. 3. M. polystachya Mackenzie & Bush, n. sp. 2° high, erect, much branched: leaves 13’—25” long, 1//-2’/’ wide: panicles on peduncles 1’—5’ long, long-exserted, 2’/—4’ long, densely flowered, the lower branch- lets separated : flowers nearly sessile, 1/’ long: the glumes as in the last : hairs at base of flowering glume copious, 4 to 3 length of glume.— Open rocky woods east of Sibley. August—October. 4. M. racemosa (Michx.) B.S.P. Culms 1°-3° high, usually much- branched : panicle terminal, 2/—4’ long, usually dense and spike-like, exserted, the branches very densely flowered.—Bogs and wet rocky woods. Well distributed and rather common. Auzust—October. 5. M. tenuiflora (Willd.) B.S.P. Distinguished from No. 7 only by its shorter less acuminate, empty glumes.—Dry woods near Sibley. August-October. 6. M. diffusa Willd. NIMBLE WILL. Culms much-branched, dif- fusely spreading or prostrate with numerous short leaves: panicles slender and contracted, 2’-4’ long, usually interrupted.—Often very common in dry woods. August-October. 7. M. sylvatica Torr. Culms ascending, 1°—3° high, bearing a con- tracted panicle 3’/-6’ long.—Common in low woods along the larger streams. July—October. 18. BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv. Perennial with erect, pubescent culms and one-flowered spikelets in simple panicles. Glumes three, the first two small and inconspicuous, the outer often wanting. Flowering glume hard, 5-nerved, hairy, long awn-pointed, together with the palet enclosing the grain. Palet as long 24 GRAMINEAE as the flowering glume, with a groove on the back, in which lies an awn- like pedicel about one half its length. 1. B. erectum (Schreb.) Beauv. LONG-AWNED WooD-GRASS. Oc- curs locally in rocky shaded woods near Dodson, Tarsney and Sibley. 19. PHLEUM L. Annuals. Glumes three, the two outer equal, keeled and compressed, truncate at the apex and awned. Flowering glume hyaline, truncate and erose at the summit. 1. P. pratense L. TimorHy-GRAss. Erect, 1°-3° high, bearing a long cylindric spike 2’-6’ long: lower glumes ciliate, bearing a short awn.—Very common in meadows, along railroads, etc. June-August. 20. ALOPECURUS L. Seales three, the two lower compressed and keeled, about equal, thin, delicate and ciliate. Third scale hyaline, with a delicate awn on the back, about the length of the empty glumes. Palet thin or wanting. 1. A. geniculatus L. MArsH Fox-TAIL GRAss. Culms tufted, about 1° high : upper sheath inflated, often partly enclosing the spike : spikes 2/-3/ long : flowering glume awned from near its base, the awn conspicuously exserted.—Often common in low wet fields, especially from Adams to Levasy. May-June. Var. fulvus (J. E. Smith) Scribn. Awn very delicate, short, barely exserted.—Occasionally found along the Missouri River. May-June. 21. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. Rush GRASS. DROP-SEED GRASS. Spikelets in open or spike-like panicles, one-flowered, rarely two-flow- ered. Glumes three, membranous, the outer two empty, shorter than the third. Palet similar. Grain free and early deciduous in most species. Leaves long and involute. Panicle spike-like. Culms stout, 2°-5° high. 1. S. compositus. Culms slender, 13° or less high. Spikelets 2’” long. 2. S. vaginaeflorus. Spikelets 13’ long. Sheaths inflated. 3. S. neglectus. Sheaths not inflated. 4. S. cuspidatus. Panicle open and with spreading branches. Culms erect ; pedicels not longer than spikelets. Grain 1’ in diameter, very conspicuous. 5. S. heterolepis. Grain not conspicuous. Panicle branches widely spreading. 8. S. airoides. Panicle branches erect ascending. Sheath~ densely pilose at summit. 7. S. eryptandrus. Sheaths very sparingly hairy. 6. S. argutus. Culms decumbent ; pedicels capillary. 9. S. asperifolius. 1. 8. compositus (Poir.) Merrill. Stout, tufted perennial: leaves involute, 6-18’ long: panicle partly included in the upper sheath, 67 i | GRAMINEAE 2 ( long : spikelets 2’’-23’’ long : third scale of the spikelet acutish, as long as the palet, and somewhat exceeding the second.—Common in dry grounds throughout. July—October. 2.S. vaginaeflorus (Torr.) Wood. Tufted, slender, 6’-12’ high: leaves 2/—4’ long, broad at base and attenuate into a long involute point : sheaths somewhat inflated, the upper partially enclosing the few-flowered simple panicle: spikelets 2’/-23’’ long, the three scales nearly equal in length, or the outermost slightly shorter and exceeded by the acutely tipped palet.—In dry soil near Kansas City, Courtney and Levasy. Not common. August—October. 3. S. neglectus Nash. 6’-18’ high, much branched and spreading : leaves long, involute, with conspicuously inflated sheaths : panicles small and numerous, more or less enclosed in the sheaths: spikelets less than 2’’ long, the acute palet slightly longer than the acute third scale : second scale slightly longer than the first and shorter than the third.—Often common in dry ground and well distributed. August-October. 4. S. cuspidatus (Torr.) Wood. 18’ or less high, branching : leaves long, involute : panicles 2/-4’ long, exserted : scales long-acuminate or cuspidate.—On dry rocky hills north of Roanoke, Kansas City and at Swope Park. August-September. 5. S. heterolepis A. Gray. Culms stout, 3° high : leaves 1° long, in- volute : panicle long exserted, 6” long and 1’ wide, its branches short and ascending : spikelets 23’ long.—Common on the prairie between Lee’s Summit and Greenwood ; also near Buckner. August—October. 6. S. argutus (Nees) Kunth. 1° high: leaves broad and rather short: sheaths hairy at the throat: panicle 2’-3’ long with ascending verticillate branches : spikelets very small, #’’ long, the first scale one- quarter the length of the second and third, which are equal.—One clump found as a waif near Westminster (Kansas City) along the Belt Line. July—August. 7. S. cryptandrus (Torr.) A Gray. Culms 2° high, densely tufted : leaves linear, 6’ long : sheaths very hairy at the mouth: panicle long, narrow and slender, usually more or less included : branches ascending, scattered or subverticillate : spikelets 1/’ long, about as in the last.— Sandy bottoms along the Missouri River. Not uncommon. July-Sep- tember. 8. S. airoides Torr. 25° high: leaves flat, attenuate to a long invo- lute point, sparingly hairy at base : panicle 9’ long, very compound with widely spreading branches: spikelets 1’ long, the second and third glumes equal and twice the length of the first.—Sparingly introduced in the railroad yards at Sheffield. June. 9. S. asperifolius Nees & Meyen. Culmsabout 6’ high from adecum- bent base; panicle 2’—4’ long, partly included, ascending, the branches scabrous: spikelets on long capillary pedicels many times their length : 26 GRAMINEAE spikelets 3’ long.—Sandy fields in the Missouri Bottom near Courtney. Local. August-September. 22. CINNA L. Glumes three, the third bearing a short awn. Palet 1-nerved. 1. C. arundinacea L. Woop REeED-GRAsS. Perennial 2°-4° tall: leaves flat, 6’ long : panicle about 6’ long, its branches densely flowered, spreading : spikelets 23’” long.—Common in moist woods and meadows. July-September. 23. AGROSTIS L. Outer glumes about equal or the lowest the longer. Flowering glumes and palet hyaline, the latter often very small or wanting. Seed adher- ent to pericarp. Culms erect. Branches of panicle branching below the middle. 1. A. alba. Branches of panicle branching above the middle. 2. A. hyemalis. Culms weak and decumbent. 3. A. perennans 1. A. alba L. Rep-rop Grass. Culms errect or ascending, some- times decumbent at base, 1°-3° high, smooth: panicle 4’-10’ long, con. tracted or open, and with ascending or spreading branches: spikelets slightly more than 1/’ long: palet one-third the length of the third glume.—Common in wet meadows and fields. May-July. 2. A. hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. Harr-Grass. Culms densely tufted, 1°-2° high, slender : leaves 1/-2’ long: panicle branches capillary and scabrous, at first erect, at length widely spreading and much branched : spikelets 1/’ long or less: palet very small.—Common. May-June. 3. A.perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. THIN-GRASS. Culms 6/—2° long: leaves 3/-4’ long: panicle 2’-8’ long, pale green, diffusely spreading, its branches divided below the middle: spikelets 1’” long or less: palet small or wanting.—A delicate grass growing in moist woods throughout. Not uncommon. August-September. 24. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. REED-GRASS. Perennials. Rachilla produced beyond the palet and hairy. Glumes three, the two outer empty, keeled, membranous and about equal, the third shorter and copiously hairy at base, shurt-awned. Panicle open with spreading branches. 1. C. Macouniana. Panicle narrow and strict, branches erect. 2. C. inexpansa. 1. C. Macouniana Vasey. 2°-4° high: panicle 5/-6’ long, 14/-2/ wide, the longer branches 2’ long, slender, straw-colored : spikelets 1}// long, the outer glumes acute, the second slightly longer than the first : hairs copious, the length of the third scale, which bears a delicate straight awn.—Wet meadows in the Little Blue Valley from Buckner and Lake City to Atherton. Locally rather common. May-July. GRAMINEAE 27 2. C. inexpansa A. Gray. 13°-3° high, stout: panicle long, its branches short and erect : spikelets straw-colored, 13’/—2’’ long, the basal hairs about the length of the third glume: awn slightly bent, about the length of the glume.—Of rare occurrence in low woods along the Missouri River near Courtney. June-July. 25. CALAMOVILFA Hack. The rachilla not produced, the outer glumes unequal, and the third glume not awned. Otherwise much as in Calamagrostis. 1. C. longifolia (Hook.) Hack. RerED-GRAsS. Glabrous perennial with long creeping rootstocks, 4°-6° high: panicle 10’ long, narrow, interrupted at base, its branches erect : spikelets 2}’’-3’’ long.—In one locality in the sandy Missouri River bottom near Atherton ; also near Harlem, Clay County, Missouri. August. 26. APERA Adans. An annual with one-flowered spikelets in an open panicle. Rachilla produced beyond the flower in the form of a bristle. Flowers much asin Agrostis, but the third glume two-toothed and bearing a long slender awn. Palet a little shorter, two-toothed. 1. A. Spica-venti(L.) Beauv. BENT-GRASS. 1°-2° tall, witha pan- igle 4’-8/ long, its branches capillary : spikelets }//-1}” long, the delicate awn 3//-4’’ long.—Very sparingly adventized along the railroad from Courtney to Sheffield. June-July. 27. HOLCUS L. Spikelets 2-flowered in close panicles. Glumes four, the two lower empty, the first and second three-nerved, the third awnless, enclosing a perfect flower, the fourth bearing a short bent awn and enclosing a stam- inate flower. 1. H. lanatus L. VeLvet-arass. A softly pubescent annual, 13°-24° high : panicle dense, 2’-3’ long: spikelets 2’’ long.— Rarely occurs as a waif along railroads at Sheffield. July. 28. TRISHTUM Pers. Perennials with 2—4-flowered spikelets in open panicles. Two lower glumes empty, the flowering two-toothed and bearing a short bent or flexuous awn below the apex. Palet two-toothed. Rachilla extending beyond the flowers. 1. T. flavescens (L.) R. &S. Fase Oats. 13°-24° high, smooth : panicles 2’—5’ long, yellowish, open, the branches naked below : spikelets 3-4 flowered.—Sparingly adventized along railroads from Courtney to Sheffield. July-August. 29. AVENA L. Lower flowers perfect, upper imperfect. Two lower scales large, empty, membranous and persistent. Flowering glumes firmer in texture, two- toothed. Palet narrow. 28 GRAMINEAE 1. A.sativa L. Oars. Annual, 2°-4° high : leaves flat: panicle con- tracted or with widely spreading branches : spikelets 9’’ long, 2-flowered, the two empty glumes acute, scarious at apex and longer than the flow- ers: perfect flower long-awned or awnless.—Frequent in waste places, and often very abundant along railroads. May—October. 30. SPARTINA Schreb. Tall perennials from long creeping rootstocks. Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes three, the two outer empty and unequal, the third subtending the flower. Palet often larger than the glume. 1. S. cynosuroides (L.) Willd. MarsH-GRAss. 3°-6° high : leaves involute, pointed, 1° or more long : spikes 5-25, 2/-5’ long, short-pedun- cled : rachis and glumes rough on the margins: spikelets closely imbri- cated, 6’/’-7’ long : outer glumes awn-pointed.—On wet prairies through- out the county, but especially abundant from Adams to Levasy. July- October. 31. SCHEDONNARDUS Steud. A decumbent annual with short leaves, 1-flowered spikelets, sessile and appressed, in spikes. Glumes three, the two outer empty, acumi- nate and keeled, the third somewhat longer, but similar. None awned. 1. S. paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease. 1°-2° high : inflorescence scab- rous, taking up three-fourths of the plant: spikes 6-10, distant, 1/-4/ long, widely spreading.—Locally common in barrens at Dodson and Little Blue Tank ; also occasionally adventized along railroads. June- July. 32. BOUTELOUA Lag. MESQUITE GRASS. Rachilla produced beyond the flower, bearing awns and scales. Lower glumes keeled. Flowering glume three-toothed and awned or pointed. Palet 2-nerved and 2-toothed. Spikelets one to four. 1. B. oligostachya. Spikelets twenty to sixty. 2. B. curtipendula. 1. B. oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. Culms about 1° high: leaves 3/— 4’ long, with a long slender tip: spikes usually two, about 1’ long, curved, oblong-linear, many-flowered, short-peduncled.—Sparingly ad- ventized along railroads, especially at Sheffield. June-August. 2. B. curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. Culms 2°-3° high : leaves 7/-10/ long, tapering to a long slender point: spikes 3’’-8”’ long, spreading or reflexed.—Common in rocky barrens in the southern part. August-Oc- tober. 34. BECKMANNIA Host. Tall grasses with 1-2-flowered spikelets, borne in close spikes in narrow terminal panicles. Glumes three or four, the two lower saccate, the flow- ering glumes narrower and lanceolate. Palet hyaline. GRAMINEAE 29 1. B. erucaeformis (L.) Host. RATTLESNAKE GRASS. Panicle 6/ long : spikes 12’’ long or less : spikelets 1-flowered, 1” long. —One plant found on the river bank near Courtney. June—July. 34. HBLEUSINE Gaertn. Spikelets several-flowered, closely imbricated in two rows on one side of the rachis, thus forming spikes of which there are several close together at the top of the culm. Glumes awnless, keeled, the two lower empty, the upper flower-bearing. 1. BE. Indica (L.) Gaertn. YARD GRAsS. A decumbent or erect an- nual, 2° or less tall : spikes 3-6, 2’-4’ long, spreading: spikelets about 2’ Jong, 3-6-flowered.—A common weed in waste places throughout. July—October. 35. LEPTOCHLOA Beauv. Spikelets alternate in two rows on side of a long filiform rachis, form- ing loosely-flowered spikes, the spikes racemed Spikelets 2-many-flow- ered. Two lower glumes empty, keeled. Flowering glume 3-nerved, longer than the palet. 1. L. attenuata Nutt. 8’-3° high, with numerous flat, sparingly villous leaves : spikes 20-60 : spikelets about 3-flowered, 1’” long : empty glumes strongly mucronate, usually exceeding the flower : nerves of flow- ering glumes sparsely pubescent.—In damp soil in the Missouri River bottoms from Sheffield to Sibley ; Dodson. Rather uncommon. August- October. 36. PHRAGMITES Trin. Tall reed-like perennials with long running rootstocks and with numer- ous broad flat leaves. Spikelets in a large terminal panicle, 3-7-flowered- Two lower glumes empty and unequal, the third either neutral or stami- nate, the remaining flowers perfect. Small palets and flowering glumes slender and membranous. 1. P.communis Trin. REED. 5°-20° high: panicle often 1° long, with ascending branches.—In low grounds, along the Missouri River. Uncommon and usually not flowering. August—October. 37. SIEGLINGIA Bernh. Terminal flower often sterile. Two lower glumes empty, keeled. Flowering glume rounded, three-nerved, with nerves hairy, and three- toothed at the apex, the nerves, especially the mid-nerve, excurrent assmallawns. Palet broad, 2-keeled. Panicle large and spreading, with numerous spikelets. 1. S. seslerioides. Panicle small and simple, few-flowered. 2. S. purpurea. 1. S. seslerioides (Michx.) Scribn. TALL Rep-rop Grass. A showy perennial, 3°-5° high, with long pointed narrow leaves: panicle 9/-15/ long : spikelets purple, 3-4” long, about 6-flowered.—Common in dry open grounds throughout. July-September. 30 GRAMINEAE 2. S. purpurea (Walt.) Kuntze. Sanp-GRaAss. A tufted anuual, about 1° high: leaves short, sparingly ciliate: panicle 4’-2’ long.—In sand in the Missouri River bottom at Courtney. Common in one locality. Also occurs at Quindaro, Kansas. July-September. 38. DIPLACHNE Beauv. Spikelets several-flowered, sessile on the rachis, forming slender spikes. Two lower glumes empty, keeled, acute, unequal. Flowering glumes longer, 1-3-nerved, 2-toothed and mucronate between the teeth. Spikelets 2’’—4’” long. 1. D. fascicularis. Spikelets 5’’-6’” long. 2. D. acuminata. 1. D. fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv. A decumbent or ascending annual, 1°-3° high: spikes panicled, partly enclosed in upper sheath : spikelets 3//-5’’ long, 5-11-flowered.—Often common on muddy shores in low grounds. June-—October. 2. D. acuminata Nash. Resembles the last, but spikelets longer, the flowering scales acuminate, entire (obtuse and two-toothed in D. fascicularis).—Often common on mud-flats, especially at Courtney. June-September. 39. HRAGROSTIS Beauv. Spikelets paniculate, 2-many-flowered, flattened. Two lower glumes empty, short and keeled, 1-nerved. Flowering glumes keeled, 3-nerved, not pilose at base. Palet 2-nerved, persistent on the rachis after the rest of the flower has fallen. Culms creeping and rooting. 1. hypnoides Culms ascending or erect. Spikelets large and flat, forming a narrow crowded panicle. 2. EH. major. Panicle open, its branches capillary. Culms 13° high or less. Spikelets 5-many-flowered. 3. E. Purshit. Spikelets 2-5-flowered. Culms much-branched. 4. E. Frankii. Culms sparingly branched. 5. £. capillaris. Culms 14° or more high. Spikelets yellowish, usually 3-5-flowered. 6. E. trichodes. Spikelets purplish, usually 6-10-flowered. 7. E. pectinacea. 1. E. hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. Annual, forming large patches leaves short, 6’/-18’’ long: flowering branches 2/-5’ high: spikelets dioecious, 10-30-flowered, 2/’-8’% long, clustered.—Common along streams, especially along the Missouri River. June—October. 2. E. major Host. 6/-24° high: leaves flat, sharp-pointed, 4/—6/ long : panicle 2/-6’ long, 1}/-24’ wide: spikelets lance-oblong, 3//—6’’ long, 14/” wide, usually 8-20-flowered.—Common in waste places. July—October. 3. BE. Furshii Schrad. Densely-tufted and much branching, 3/-187 high : leaves about 2’ long: panicle from 1/-10/ long, its branches loose GRAMINEAE 31 and spreading: spikelets 2’’-4’” long, linear-oblong: flowering glumes with prominent lateral nerves.—Common in dry soil, especially on sand- bars along the Missouri River. June-October. 4. H. Frankii Steud. Strongly tufted and much branched through- out, 3’-12’ high: leaves 2’-5’ long: panicle 2/-6’ long, 1/-2’ wide: spikelets 1/’-13’” long.—Often common in damp sandy fields along rivers. June—October. 5. E. capillaris (L.) Nees. Erect, 8/-18/ tall, branching only at base : leaves 37-8’ long: sheaths smooth or hairy: panicles often 1° long and 6’ wide with widely spreading capillary branches: spikelets somewhat terete, 1//-13’7 long.—Common in dry soil throughout. A form with most of the spikelets 1-flowered occurs south of Grain Valley. July—September. 6. E. trichodes (Nutt.) Nash. 2°-4° high, with long, narrow usually smooth leaves: panicle narrow and elongated, sparingly bearded in the lower axils, 1° or more long, 3/-4’ wide, its branches ascending and capillary, somewhat flexuous: spikelets 24’” long.—Sandy grounds in Rush Bottom near Courtney. Local and uncommon. July—Septem- ber. 7. BE. pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. 14°-25° high, with the panicle taking up two-thirds of the plant: leaves about 6’ long: sheaths hairy : panicle 8’ or more Jong, 6’ or more wide, strongly bearded in the axils, its branches spreading: spikelets 2’’—4/” long, on pedicels at least their length.—Frequeat in sandy fields and prairies and adventized along railroads. July-September. 40. HATONIA Raf. Spikelets small, about 2-flowered, in contracted panicles. Two lower glumes empty, very dissimilar, the first acute, linear, keeled and 1-nerved, the second strongly obovate, rounded or acute at the apex, 3-nerved. Flowering glumes narrower, obtuse, keeled. Palet small and hyaline, 2-nerved. Panicle branches narrowly linear and _ loosely flowered. 1. E. Pennsylvanica. Panicle branches short and thick, closely flowered. 2. E. obtusata. 1. BE. Pennsylvanica (DC.) A. Gray. 15°-3° high, with numerous flat leaves, 2/-6’ long: panicle narrow, slender and loosely flowered, 3’-12’ long, its branches short.—Often common in rich moist woods, especially in the northern part. May-June. 2. BE. obtusata (Michx.) A. Gray. Very erect, 1°-2° high, growing in small clumps: leaves 3/-5/ long, sharp-pointed : panicle 2’—4’ long, densely flowered and spike-like, but interrupted at base: branches 1’ or less long, erect.—Common in dry soil throughout, in woods and on prairies. May-June. 32 GRAMINEAE 41. KOBLERIA Pers. Spikelets 2-5-flowered. Two lower empty glumes narrow, keeled, acute and unequal in length. Flowering glumes obscurely 3-5-nerved. Palet byaline, 2-nerved. 1. K. cristata (L.) Pers. Culms tufted, 1°-2° high ~ panicle spike- like, long-peduncled, 2’-4’ long, 6’” wide : branches very short and com- pactly flowered : spikelets 2’ long.—Rocky prairies near Lee’s Summit and rarely found along railroads. May-June. 42. MELICA L. Perennial grasses with 2-8-flowered spikelets in open panicles. Glumes with broad, scarious margins or the lower scarious throughout, the lower empty glumes 3-5-nerved, the upper flowering ones 7-13-nerved. Rachilla extending beyond the flowers, and bearing several small scales convolute around each other. 1. M. diffusa Pursh. MELICGRAsSS. 2°-4° high : panicle 4’—8’ long, its branches spreading, ascending or erect : spikelets usually 3-flowered, 4}/’-5’’ long, with scabrous flowering glumes.—In rocky woods especially in the southern part. Well distributed and very abundant locally. May-June. 43. KORYCARPUS Zea. Perennial with running rootstocks and long flat leaves. Spikelets in a very simple panicle, 3-4-flowered. Two lower glumes empty, acute and coriaceous, much shorter than the flowers. Flowering glumes rounded, shortly mucronate, coriaceous and shining, but with a narrow scarious margin. Uppermost glumes empty and convolute. 1. K. diandrus ( Michx.) Kuntze. 2°-4° high.—Rich woods along the bluffs three miles west of Sibley. Not uncommon locally. July. 44. UNIOLA L. Spikelets flat and two-edged in panicles, several-many- flowered, 3-6 of the lower glumes empty, the flowering glumes much-keeled and many- nerved. Uppermost glumes often smaller and empty. Palets sharply 2-keeled, half the size of the glume. 1. U. latifolia Michx. Spike Grass. 2°-5° high: panicle about 67 long, one-sided, its branches spreading or pendulous: spikelets 7//-10/7 long, 6’’-8’’ wide, oblong, 5-10-flowered, very flat, on long capillary often drooping pedicels.—In rocky woods. Local. Swope’s Park to south of Dodson, Little Blue Tank and Sibley. August—October. 45. DISTICHLIS Raf. Dioecious perennials with many-flowered spikelets in a dense spike-like panicles. Leaves flat at base but involute, pointed. Spikelets com- pressed. Glumes coriaceous, the two lower empty, keeled, few-nerved, shorter than the broader, acute, many-nerved flowering ones. Palet two- keeled. GRAMINEAE 33 1. D. spicata (L.) Greene. SprkE-GRAssS. Flowering culms 5/ high, the sterile much taller, rigid and very leafy : spikelets clustered, 7-12, ovate-lanceolate, 8’” long, 23’ wide, 8-12-flowered.—A large patch of the pistillate plants adventized in the railroad yards at Sheffield. Our form is var. stricta Scribn. May-June. 46. DACTYLIS L. Spikelets 3-5-flowered in one-sided clusters in a dense panicle. Two lower glumes empty, scarious-margined, mucronate-pointed, unequal, the flowering 5-nerved, larger and short-awned or mucronate. Palet shorter, 2-keeled. 1. D. glomerata LL. ORCHARD GRAss. A rough perennial 2°—4° high: panicles 5’-8’ long, its branches naked at base: spikelets 4’’ long, in dense clusters, 3-5-flowered.—Often planted and frequently found in waste places, yards and meadows throughout. May—June. 47. POA L. MEADOW GRAss. Spikelets compressed, 2-10-flowered, paniculate. Glumes keeled, the two empty ones shorter than the flowers, 1-3-nerved. Flowering glumes scarious margined, 5-nerved, usually with a tuft of cobwebby hairs at base, and the chief nerves pubescent. Palet shorter, 2-nerved. Annuals less than 12’ high. Flowering glumes cobwebby at base. 1. P. Chapmaniana. Flowering glumes not cobwebby at base. 2. P. annua. Perennials, more than 12/ high. Culms flattened. 3. P. compressa. Culms terete, panicle branches erect. 4. P. nemoralis. Culms terete, panicle branches spreading. Panicle branches 2-6 together. Spikelets shorter than pedicels. Flowering glumes obscurely nerved. 5. P. flava. Flowering glumes strongly nerved. Flowering glumes silky-pubescent. 6. P. pratensis. Flowering glumes not silky-pubescent. 7. P. trivialis. Spikelets exceeding pedicels. 8. P. sylvestris. Panicle branches 1-2 together. 9. P. Wolfii. 1. P. Chapmaniana Scribn. SOUTHERN SPEAR-GRASS. Tufted, 3/-127 high, erect: panicle 1/—4’ long : spikelets 13’’ long, 3-7-flowered : flow- ering glume 1}/ long, cobwebhy at base, rather obscurely 3-5-nerved, the nerves pilose.—Common in sandy soil. April-May. 2. P.annuaL. SPEAR-GRASS. Like the last but ascending or spread- ing: flowering glumes distinctly 5-nerved and not cobwebby at base.— Sparingly adventized at Courtney. May-July. 3. P. compressa L. WIRE GRASS. Culms 12/-20’ high, flattened, from long spreading rootstocks : panicle 13’—3/ long, 3/’-6’’ wide: branches ascending, spikelet-bearing throughout : spikelets 13’’ long, 3-10-flowered: flowering glume 3-nerved, sparingly pubescent on the nerves toward the base.—In waste places. Welldistributed but notcommon. June-August. 3 34 GRAMINEAE 4. P.nemoralis L. Culms 20’-30’ high, erect, simple and glabrous : panicle slender, 5’-8’ long, its branches erect or ascending, 1/-3/ long : spikelets 13’ long, 2-4-flowered : flowering glumes cobwebby at base and hairy on the mid and marginal nerves below the middle.—Sparingly adventized in moist ground along the railroads at Sheffield and Courtney. May-July. 5. P.flavaL. MEApowGRAss. Culms 2°-3° tall, in clumps: sheaths smooth : panicle open with spreading branches, 8-15’ long: spikelets 2-4-flowered, 13’ long, short-pedicelled: flowering glumes obscurely 5-nerved, the mid and marginal nerves hairy below.—In wet grounds. Not common. Springy places at Burge Park. May. 6. P. pratensis L. KENTUCKY BLUE-GRAsS. Culms 10/’-33° tall, erect, from long running rootstocks: panicle 1/-8’ Jong, usually pyram- idal, its branches erect, ascending or spreading : spikelets 3-5-flowered, short-pedicelled or nearly sessile, 13’’-2}’’ long: flowering glume 5- nerved, cobwebby at base and hairy below on the keel and margin. Very common in all kinds of situations throughout. April-June. 7. P. trivialis L. RouGH MEADOW GRAss. Culms 1°-3° high: sheaths and leaves very rough: panicle 4’-6’ long: spikelets usually 2- flowered, 13’’ long: flowering glumes strongly 5-nerved, only the mid- nerve hairy.—Sparingly adventized at Courtney. June-August. 8. P. sylvestris A. Gray. Woop Grass. Culms weak, 1°-3° high, erect : panicle 4’-7’ long, its branches ascending to reflexed: spike- lets 1/’-1}/’’ long, 2-3-flowered : flowering glumes plainly 5-nerved, cob- webby and persistent below.—Common in woods throughout. May-— June. 9. P. Wolfii Scribn. Culms tufted, 2°-23° high: panicle 3/—-4/ long, its branches ascending, rather few-flowered : spikelets 2/’-3’’ long, 2-4- flowered : flowering glumes cobwebby at base, the mid and marginal nerves pubescent for three-fourths of their length.—Common in dry woods in one locality on the Blue River Bluffs opposite the mouth of Brush Creek. April-May. 48. PANICULARIA Fabr. MANNA GRAss. Spikelets paniculate, terete or flattish, several-many-flowered. Two lower glumes empty, the flowering glumes rounded, 5—9-nerved, scarious at the apex. Palets 2-keeled. Spikelets 1/’-14’ long, oblong. 1. P. nervata. Spikelets 6’’ or more long, linear. 2. P. fluitans. 1. P. nervata ( Willd.) Kuntze. Culms erect, 2°-3° high: panicle 5/—8/ long, its bravchesat first erect, then spreading, and finally drooping : spikelets 3-7-flowered, very readily breaking up at maturity.—Common in wet places throughout, but especially in the northern part. May- July. GRAMINEAE 35 2. P. fluitans (L.) Kuntze. Culms flat, large and stout, 1°-5° long, erect or decumbent: panicle 1° long with erect or spreading branches : spikelets 7--13-flowered.—Low grounds west of Buckner. May-August. 49. FESTUCA L. FESCUE GRASS. Spikelets 2-several-flowered, paniculate or racemose. Two lower glumes empty, keeled. Flowering glumes 3-nerved, rounded on the back, acute or awned. Palet a little shorter. usually adhering to the grain av maturity. Flowering glumes awned ; annuals. 1. F. octoflora. Flowering glumes not awned ; perennials. Spikelets 43’” or more long. 2. F. elatior. Spikelets 3” or less long. Spikelets obovate, crowded at the ends of the branches. 3. F. obtusa. Spikelets lanceolate, not crowded at the ends of the branches. 4, F. nutans. 1. F. octoflora Walt. Culms erect, tufted, 4’-18’ high: Jeaves 1/-2/ long, bristle-form : panicle simple and spike-like, 1/-3’ long: spikelets flat, oblong, 22’’-4” long, 6-13-flowered.—Frequent in dry, sandy soil, especially in bottoms along the Missouri River. May. 2. F. elatior L. MEADOW FEscUE. Culms 1°-3° high, erect, gla- brous : leaves numerous, 2’/-15’ long: panicle simple or compound with short, erect, crowded branches 47-14’ long : spikelets 5-8-flowered, 43/’ or more long: flowering glumes obscurely 5-nerved, scarious margined, acutish.—Common in waste places, streets, along railroads, ete. June- August. 3. F. obtusa Spreng. Spikelets crowded at the ends of the widely spreading branches of the large panicle, 23’’-3’” long : flowering glumes 2’’ long, obtuse. Otherwise like the next from which, however, it is very different in aspect.— Woods and prairies. Widely distributed in the southern part, but not common. June-July. 4. F. nutans Willd. Culms 13°-3° tall, erect, glabrous or sometimes pubescent : leaves 13’’-3’’ wide, 4’-10’ long : panicle very scabrous, 4/— 10’ long, the branches erect or spreading in age, flower-bearing at the extremities: spikelets 3-5-flowered : flowering glumes 2/’ long, acute.— Common in rich, rocky woods. May-June. 50. BROMUS L. CuHEss. Spikelets borne in terminal panicles, 5-many-flowered. Empty glumes 1-3-nerved, acute. Flowering glumes 3-9-nerved, rounded or compressed, keeled on the back, apex mostly 2-cleft, and usually awned below the summit. Grain adhering to the two-keeled palet, which is shorter than the scale. Styles attached below the apex of the ovary. Lower empty glume 1-nerved, upper 3-nerved. 1. B. purgans. Lower empty glumes 3-nerved, upper 5-9-nerved. 36 GRAMINEAE Flowering glumes hairy. Flowering glumes smooth. Awns the length of the glumes. wo . B. hordeaceus. Leaves and sheaths hairy. 3. B. racemosus commutatus. Leaves and sheaths densely whitish pubescent. 4. B. arvensis. Awns shorter than the glumes. 5. B. secalinus. 1. B. purgans L. WILD CHEss. Culms erect, 2°-4° high: whole plant more or less pubescent: panicle 5/-10’ long, the branches erect, spreading or drooping : spikelets 6’/’/-12’ long, 5-10-flowered : flowering glumes densely appressed-pubescent all over, and bearing an awn 2//-4’7 long.—Common in rocky woods. May-July. Var. incanus Shear. GRAYISH WILD CHEss. Culms tall and very leafy : sheaths overlapping and densely soft pilose-pubescent.—A long Little Blue River in low land. July-August. 2. B. hordeaceus L. Sorr CuHEss. 1°-3° high, pubescent all over: panicle often somewhat nodding: flowering glumes 43’ or less long, prominently nerved, bearing an awn of their own length.—Sparingly adventized along railroads at Sheffield. June. 3. B. racemosus commutatus Hook. f. FALSE CHEss. LARGER CHEAT GRAsS. Closely resembles B. secalinus, but it is reflexed hairy on the sheaths: flowering glumes plainly nerved, 4’’-5” long and bearing an awn of their own length.—In similar situations as B. secalinus, but much less common. May-June. 4. B. arvensis L. FIELD CHESS. Culms erect, 1°-3° high: sheaths and leaves softly and densely pubescent: panicle 5/—9’ long, simple, its branches widely spreading or ascending, bearing 1-3 spikelets above the middle, the longer often 5’ long: spikelets over 9’ long, lanceolate, 8-12-flowered.—Sparingly adventized along railroads at Sheffield. June. 5. B. secalinus L. CuHerss. An erect annual, 1°-3° high: sheaths glabrous: panicle 3/-8/ long, the branches ascending: spikelets 9’’ or less long, 5-11-flowered, erect or somewhat pendulous: flowering glumes obscurely nerved, 3/’—4’’ long, bearing a more or less flexuous awn 4/7 or less long, or sometimes awnless.—Common in fields and waste places. May-June. 51. LOLIUM L. Spikelets flattened, several-many-flowered, sessile and solitary at each join of the continuous rachis, the edges turned towards the rachis. Flowering glume rounded, 5-7-nerved. 1. L. perenne L. Ryker GRAss. A smooth erect perennial, 1°-24° high : spikes 3/-9’ long: spikelets 5-10-flowered, 4’’-6’’ long, the empty glumes strongly nerved and shorter than the flower: flowering glumes acute.—Rarely adventized along railroads from Courtney to Sheffield. May-June. Var. Italicum (R. Br.) Seribn. Flowering glumes bearing awns of their own Jength.—With the species. GRAMINEAE Bi 52. AGROPYRON Gaertn. CoucH GRAss. Spikelets 3-many-flowered, sessile and alternate at each joint of the continuous rachis. - Two lower glumes empty, the flowering 5-7-nerved, rounded on the back and usually short-awned. Plants with running rootstocks. Plants glaucous ; spikelets divergent. 1. A. occidentale. Plants green ; spikelets appressed. Empty scales much shorter than the flowering. 2. A. repens. Empty scales almost equal to the flowering. 3. A. pseudorepens. Plants without running rootstocks. Awns shorter than flowering glumes. 4. A. tenerum. Awns as long as flowering glumes. 5. A. caninum. 1. A. occldentale Scribn. & Smith. 2°-3° high: leaves involute when dry, smoothish beneath, scabrous above: spike 4’—7’ long : spike- lets 6’’-9’’ long, 6—10-flowered: glumes acuminate or short-awned.— Commonly introduced along railroads, where it occurs in great beds. June-July. 2. A. repens (L.) Beauv. 2°-4° high: leaves flat, 7/-10’ long, rough above, smooth beneath: spike 5/—11/ long: rachis slightly hispid to pubescent: spikelets 6’” long, 3—7-flowered: the glabrous glumes short-awned.—Adventized along railroads, especially at Lee’s Summit where a peculiar pubescent forms occurs. June-July. 3. A. pseudorepens Scribn. & Smith. Resembles the last, but the leaves are rough on both sides and the empty glumes nearly equal the flowering ones.—Sparingly adventized at Courtney and Sheffield. July- August. 4. A. tenerum Vasey. 14°-23° high: leaves narrow and rough: spike slender, 3’-6’ long, the few-flowered spikelets appressed to the rachis, 4’’-7’/’ long: empty glumes 5-nerved, acute, the flowering acu- minate or short-awned.—Rarely adventized at Sheffield. June-July. 5. A. caninum (L.) R. &S. 1°-3° high : lower sheaths often pubes- cent : leaves rough above, smooth beneath : spikes densely flowered, 4’-7’ long, the spikelets 6’ or more long.—Rarely adventized along railroads. June-July. 53. HORDEUM L. Flowers in close terminal spikes three at each joint of the rachis, but the lateral flowers imperfect and stalked. Central flower sessile, its flow- ering glume long-awned. Empty glumes 6, awn-pointed, forming a sort of an involucre. Awn of flowering glume 6’ or less long. 1. H. pusillum. Awn of flowering glume 8’” or more long. 2. H. jubatum. 1. H. pusillum Nutt. Witp BARLEY. Erect annual, 6-15’ high: spikes 1/-3’ long, 3’’-4’’ wide : four middle empty glumes dilated above the base, the two lateral awn-like: lateral flowers not awn-pointed.— Common in dry soil throughout. May-June. 38 GRAMINEAE 2. H. jubatum L. SQuIRREL TAIL GRASS. 1°-2° high, ascending : spikes 2’-4’ long, the awns widely spreading, so that it is 1/-2’ wide: awns of flowering glume 8’/-24’ long : lateral flowers short-awned.—In- troduced locally in waste places. Very abundant at Sheffield. May— June. 54. ELYMUS L. WILD RYE. Spikelets all similar, one-seven-flowered in dense terminal spikes, ses- sile, 2-4 at each joint of the rachis. Empty glumes two to each spikelet forming a sort of involucre. Flowering glumes rounded on the back, awned, 5-nerved. Empty glumes conspicuously thickened at base. Flowering glumes smooth. il; Flowering glumes hispidulous-pubescent. 2. Empty glumes not conspicuously thickened at base. Empty glumes strongly hirsute. 3. Empty glumes not strongly hirsute. 4, E. Virginicus. E. hirsutiglumis. E. striatus. E. Canadensis. 1. E. Virginicus L. Culms stout, glabrous, 2°-4° high: spike 2/-5/ long, 5’’-7’’ wide. (without awns), erect, from partly included in the upper sheath to long-peduncled: spikelets 2-3-flowered, 2-3 together : empty glumes strongly 5-7-nerved, bearing awns of their own length.— Common in woods and low grounds. June—October. 2. E. hirsutiglumis Scribn. Resembles No.1. Spike glaucous-whit- ened: empty glumes rough: flowering glumes strongly hispidulons- pubescent.—Frequent on muddy river banks and in low woods. June- October. 3. E. striatus Willd. 2°-4° high, slender: sheaths strongly pubescent: spikes 2/-5’ long, 4/’-5’’ wide (without awns), erect, long-exserted : spikelets 1-2-flowered, mostly in pairs: empty glumes subulate, 3-nerved: flowering glume 3’” long, bearing an awn 12’’ long —Common in dry soil. 4. BE. Canadensis L. Culms stout, glabrous, 3°-4° high: spike 3/—9/ long, 6//-8’’ wide (without the awns), erect to drooping, exserted: empty glumes rough, strongly several-nerved, 15’’ long with the awn; flowering glumes soft-pubescent, the awn 9//-15’ long.—Occasional in dry grounds. June—October. Var. robustus (8S. & 8S.) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. Spikes 9’’ wide (without awns), 5’-8/ long: flowering glumes hispidulous-pubescent, the awns often 24’ long. —Abundant in dry grounds. (Elymus robustus 8. &S. ) Var. glaucifolius (Willd.) Gray. Whole plant strongly glaucous: flowering glumes soft pubescent. Otherwise like var. robustus.—Occa- sional in dry grounds, throughout, especially abundant at Little Blue Tank. 55. HYSTRIX Moench. BOTTLE-BRUSH GRASS. Spikelets in terminal spikes, 2-3 together at each joint of the rachis, 2-3-flowered, on a short pedicel. Empty glumes awl-shaped, usually CYPERACEAE 39 absent, except inthe bottom spikelet, but sometimes present in all the spikelets. Otherwise as in Elymus. 1. H. elymoides Mackenzie & Bush, nom. nov. Culms 2°-4° high : spikes 3/—6’ long, more or less exserted : spikelets 4’’-5’’ Jong : awn often 12’” long : glumes glabrous to hairy.—Frequent in rocky woods. June- July. (Elymus Hystrix L. ; Hystrix Hystrix (L.) Millsp.) FamiLty 14. CYPERACEAE J. St. Hil. Grass or rush-like herbs with usually solid-triangular culms (some- times terete or flattened). Flowers arranged in spikelets, one in the axil of each scale. Perianth none or composed of bristles or scales. Stamens one to three. Ovary one-celled, containing a single erect anat- ropous ovule. Style 2-3-cleft. Fruit a 3-sided or lenticular achene. Embryos minute at the base of the mealy endosperm. A difficult family, for the study of which ripe fruiting specimens are essential. Flowers all, or at least some of them, perfect. Seales of the spikelet strictly two-ranked. Spikelets in a terminal inflorescence. Spikelets with two or more perfect flowers. 1. CYPERUS. Spikelets with but one perfect flower. 2. KYLLINGA. Inflorescence axillary. 3. DULICHIUM. Seales of spikelets imbricated all around. Base of style swollen and bulbous. Bristles (perianth) present. 4. ELEOCHARIS. Bristles not present. Base of style persistent. 5. STENOPHYLLUS. Base of style not persistent. 6. FIMBRISTYLIS. Base of style not swollen and bulbous. Perianth bristles present. Broad inner scales absent. 7. SCIRPUS. Broad inner scales present. 8. FUIRENA. Perianth bristles absent, but a minute hyaline scale present. 9. HEMICARPHA. Flowers all monoecious or dioecious. Achene naked and bony. 10. SCLERTIA. Achene enclosed in a sac (perigynium). 11. CaREX. 1. CYPERUS LU. Culms triangular, bearing the spikelets in a terminal compound or single cluster or head, subtended hy one or more leaves which form an involucre. Spikelets flattened, the scales two-ranked and keeled. Flow- ers perfect and perianth none. Style 2- or 3-cleft and achene lenticular or triangular. Achene lenticular ; style 2-cleft. Styles much exserted. 1. C. diandrus. Styles scarcely exserted. 2. C. rivularis. Achene triangular ; style 3-cleft. Scales tips recurved or recurved-awned. Scales tipped with a recurved awn. 3. C. inflexus. Seale tips merely recurved. 4, C. acwminatus. 40 CYPERACEAE Scale tips not recurved or recurved-awned. Annuals. Scales falling from spikelets. 6. C. erythrorhizos. Spikelets falling from rachis. Leaves rough-margined. 7. C. speciosus. Leaves smooth-margined. 8. C. ferox. Perennials. Spreading by tuberiferous stolons. 5. C. esculentus. Propagating by corm-like basal tubers. Scales green or brownish. Spikelets 3- flowered. 10. C. ovularis. Spikelets more than 3-flowered. Culms rough on the angles. 12. C. Bushii. Culms almost smooth on the angles. 11. C. filiculmis. Seales yellow or straw-colored. 9. C. strigosus. 1. C. diandrus Torr. Annual, 2’-12’ high with about three leaves to the involucre : spikelets sessile or on short rays, linear-oblong, many- flowered : scales brownish, membranous and dull: achene oblong, not shining, its superficial cells quadrate.—Along streams. Often abundant on sand-bars along the Missouri River. June—October. 2. C. rivularis Kunth. Closely resembles the last but the styles are scarcely exserted, and the scales are subcoriaceous and shining.—Wet, grassy places. More or less common throughout. June—October. 3. C. inflexus Muhl. Sweet-smelling annual, 1/-5/ high, growing in dense clumps: spikelets in close heads or with a few short rays: spike- lets linear-oblong, 2/’—3’’ long, 7-13-flowered.—Common on sand-bars along the Missouri River. June-—October. 4. C. acuminatus Torr. & Hook. Culms 3/-12/ high: spikelets capi- tate or with 1-4 short rays: spikelets oblong, many-flowered.—Exsic- cated places.—Locally abundant. Dodson, Greenwood, Lake City, Grain Valley. July-September. 5. C. esculentus L. Culms 1°-23° high: umbel 4-10-rayed, the rays much shorter than the longest of the involucral leaves: spikelets some- what flattened, straw- colored, in loose spikes 4’’—6’’ long, many-flowered : scales nerved with acute, rather loose tips.—In low grounds. Frequent, especially on sand-bars along the Missouri River. June—October. 6. C. erythrorhizos Muhl. Culms tufted, 3/-23° high: involucral leaves 3-7, much longer than the rays of the compound umbel : spikelets numerous, crowded in oblong spikes, 23’’-6’’ long, chestnut-brown, flat: scales mucronulate, separating from the axis at maturity. Wings of the rachis soon separating as a pair of hyaline scales.—Along streams, Ex- tremely abundant on sand-bars along the Missouri River. May—October. 7. C. speciosus Vahl. In general appearance much resembling the last species, but usually lower: leaves rough-margined : spikelets sub- terete, linear, many-flowered, 3’’-12’ long, dull-brown, 1” or less wide: rachis broadly-winged, the wings clasping the achene: scales obtuse, over- lapping, thin, dull-brown.—Common on sand-bars along the Missouri River. June-—October. CYPERACEAE 41 8. C. ferox Vahl. Like the last but leaves smooth-margined : umbel more simple: spikelets stouter, rather longer and about 1’’ thick : scales rigid, yellowish-brown.—Collected on sand-bars along the Missouri River. June—October. 9. C. strigosus L. Culms 6/-3° high: leaves rough-margined, those of the involucre exceeding the rays: umbels simple to very compound : spikelets 4—-many- flowered, flat, 4’”-12’” long: scales straw-colored with a green midrib, acutish: achene linear-oblong.—Common throughout in damp soil. Exceedingly variable. June—October. Var. robustior Kunth. With a large compound umbel : spikelets 87 or more long and 10—25-flowered.—Frequent with the type. 10. C. ovularis (Michx.) Torr. 6/-2° high: leaves very rough-mar- gined : spikelets 2’’-35’’ long, about 3-flowered, in dense globose, sessile or peduncled heads: scales green, several-nerved.—Sparingly adventized at Sheffield. May—September. 11. C. filiculmis Vahl. Culms slender and wiry, 67-18’ high: spike- lets densely clustered, in one sessile head, or in 1—7 additional heads on spreading rays: spikelets 4-11-flowered, 23’’-6’” long: scales strongly nerved.—Dry sterile soil, throughout, especially in the southern part, but not common. May-September. x 12. C. Bushii Britton. Culms 1°-23° high: umbel 2-9-rayed, the spikelets in loose, ovoid spikes : spikelets loosely 6-12-flowered, 4//—8/’ long : scales strongly nerved, acuminate.—One clump was found native in sandy soil in Rush bottom at Courtney many years ago, and it has rarely been adventized along the railroad at the same place. June-Sep- tember. 2. KYLLINGA Rottb. Spikelets of three or four two-ranked scales, the two lower empty, the third with a perfect flower and the fourth empty or staminate. Spikelets densely aggregated in {—3 sessile heads and subtended by a 3-leaved invo- lucre. Style 2-cleft and achene lenticular. Perianth none. 1. K. pumila Michx. A densely tufted annual, 2’-10’ high with usu- ally 3-lobed heads of spikelets, 3’/’-4’’ long: spikelets 13’” long.—In moist soil, mostly confined to the northeastern part, where it is often very abundant. July-September. 3. DULICHIUM L. Perennial. Stems jointed, terete and hollow, with numerous 3-ranked leaves, the lower reduced tosheaths. Spikelets 2-ranked in axillary spikes, linear. Scales 2-ranked and decurrent on the axis. Perianth of 6-9 downwardly barbed bristles. Stamensthree. Style 2-cleft, persistent on the linear-oblong achene as a beak. 1. D. arundinacea (L.) Britton. 2°-3° high: leaves 2’-33’ long, 2/’ wide: spikelets over 6’” long, 6-12-flowered.—Common in bogs along the bluffs about three miles west of Sibley. 42 CYPERACEAE 4. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. Spike Rusu. Culms terete or flattened, naked, terminated by the solitary spikelet. Spikelet several-many- flowered with the scales imbricated in many ranks. Perianth of from 3-12 downwardly barbed bristles. Stamens 2-3, styles 2-3-cleft, its bulbous base persistent on the acheneasatubercle. Achene lenticular or three-angled. Achenes lenticular, smooth. Annuals. Spikelets ovoid. 1. E. obtusa. Spikelets oblong-eylindricai. 2. E. Engelmanni. Perennials. Culms rather stout. 3. FE. palustris. Culms slender. 4. E. glaucescens. Achenes triangular, not smooth. Culms 8’-2° high. Culms flattened. 5. E. acuminata. Culms filiform. 6. E. tenuis. Culms 1/-87 high, capillary. 7. E. acicularis. 1. BE. obtusa Schultes. Annual with fibrous roots and terete culms : spikelets 2’’-5’” long, ovoid or oblong, many-flowered: bristles 6-8, longer than the achene: tubercle deltoid, acute and flat, narrower than and one-fourth the length of the achene.—Common on muddy shores. June-September. 2. E. Engelmanni Steud. Closely resembles the last but the culms are stouter, the spikelets usually longer and cylindric, the six bristles are not longer than the achene, and the tubercle covers the top of the achene. —Well introduced in wet places in the first deep cut along the Missouri Pacific Railway, three-quarters of a mile south of the depot at Independ- ence. Our form is the var. robusta Fernald. June-September. 3. E. palustris (L.) R. & S. Culms terete or flattened, 1°-3° high, from long creeping rootstocks : spikelets many-flowered, 2/’-12/’ long, ovoid-cylindrical, thicker than the culms: scales usually brownish with a scarious margin.—Common in wet places throughout. A frequent form with flat culms is probably distinct. June. 4. BE. glaucescens Willd. Culms more slender than in the last: spike- lets 2’’-5’” long: achenes smaller and tubercles narrower.—Low grounds along the Missouri River near Courtney. June. 5. E. acuminata (Muhl.) Nees. Culms compressed, slender, from stout dark rootstocks : spikelets 2’/-5’’ long, ovoid, thicker than the culm: scales acute, lanceolate: achene 3-angled, dark colored, obovoid, papillose, much longer than the depressed-conic small tubercle.—Wet prairies and barrens, Dodson, Lee’s Summit. May-July. 6. E. tenuis ( Willd.) Schultes. Like the last but culms filiform and scales obtuse.—Wet prairies, Independence, Lee’s Summit. May—July. 7. B. acicularis (L.) R. & 8S. Perennial: spikelets ovate or linear- oblong, 3-many-flowered, wider than the culm: achene 3-angled, ribbed CYPERACEAE 43 at each angle, and with several intermediate ribs, all connected by trans- verse ridges.—In marshes and mud-holes in the northern part. Not un- common. May-September. 5. STENOPHYLLUS Raf. Slender annuals, with spikelets solitary, umbelled or capitate and sub- tended by one-several leaves. Base of the style persistent as a tubercle on the achene. 1. S. capillaris (L.) Britton. Much tufted, 2/-10’ high: culms and leaves capillary: spikelets few, ovoid, 2’” or less long: achene 3-angled, transversely wrinkled.—Locally very abundant in sandy fields and woods four miles south of Grain Valley. June-July. k 6. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl. Annual or perennial with umbellate or capitate spikelets. Flowers as in Stenophyllus, save that the enlarged base of the style is not persistent at maturity as a tubercle. Perennial from a thickened base. 1. F. castanea. Annual. Achene lenticular. 2) Hoalaras Achene 3-angled. 3. F. Frankit. 1. F. castanea (Michx.) Vahl. 1°-3° high, from a bulbous thickened base: leaves involute : umbel simple or somewhat compound: spikelets oblong, 13’’-2’’ thick, 3’’-5’” long: achene lenticular, longitudinally minutely striate and reticulated.—Rich prairies around Lee’s Summit and Grand View ; adventized at Atherton. June-July. 2. F.laxa Vahl. 6’ high: umbel subsimple: spikelets 1/’ wide, 3/7 long: achenes longitudinally ribbed, the ribs connected by fine cross lines, and conspicuously tubercled.—Quite abundant in a wet, sterile, open place about one mile north of Greenwood. August—October. 3. F.FrankiiSteud. 2/-12/ high: umbelsomewhat compound : spike- lets numerous, less than 1/’ wide and 2’ long: achene obovoid, 3-angled, reticulated.—Sand-bars along the Missouri River at Courtney and Sibley. Rare and local. 7. SCIRPUS L. BOLRUsH. Spikelets from few- to many-flowered, one to very many, solitary or in spikes or umbels. Flowers perfect. Bristle present. Scales imbricated allaround. Style 2-3-cleft, not swollen at the base and wholly deciduous, or its base persistent as an awl-like tip. Achenes lenticular or triangular. Spikelets 1-7, appearing lateral. 1. S. Americanus. Spikelets 7-many. Culms terete, leafless. 2. S. lacustris. Culms three-angled, leafy. Bristles downwardly barbed. Spikelets 8’”-12’” long, 1-5 together. 3. S. fluviatilis. Spikelets 1/’-3’’ long, 6-75 together. 4. S. atrovirens. 44 CYPERACEAE Bristles not barbed. Bristles shorter than or scarcely exceeding the scales. 5. S. lineatus. Bristles much exserted beyond the scales when mature. 6. S. cyperinus. 1. S. Americanus Pers. Perennial with a sharply 3-angled culm: spikelets 1-7, appearing lateral, the single involucral leaf seeming to be a continuation of the culm: spikelets oblong-ovoid, 3’’-4’’ long, the scales short-awned : achene plano-convex.—Wet places at Courtney and Sheffield. May—July. 2. S. lacustris L. A stout perennial, 3°-9° high: umbel appearing lateral, compound, usually many-flowered : spikelets about 4’ long and 14’’ broad, ovate-oblong: scales mucronate-tipped: bristles barbed : achene plano-convex, white.—Common in all ponds, and often along rivers. May-—September. 3. S. fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray. Culms sharply 3-angled, 3°-6° tall : culm leaves 6/’-8’ wide: spikelets sessile, or sessile and crowded at the ends of the raylets: the raylets 5-9 and often 5’ long : achene triangular. —Locally common in ponds, Sheffield, Lake City. May-July. 4. S.atrovirens Muhl. Culms 2°-4° high, 3-angled : spikelets brown- ish in dense capitate clust2rs, in a terminal compound umbel : spikelets 6-20 together, 1/’-3’’ long : scales sharp-pointed : bristles 6, downwardly barbed above: achene triangular.—In bogs and low grounds in north- eastern part. June-July. Var. pallidus Britton. Spikelets greenish-brown, 20-75 together in the capitate clusters.—Common in damp places throughout. 5. S. lineatus Michx. Culm triangular, leafy, 1°-4° high: umbel very compound : spikelets oblong-cylindrical, at length drooping, 2/’-5’’ long : bristles 6, smooth at maturity, barely if at all exceeding the acute scales. —Common in wet woods or prairies. May-June. 6. S. cyperinus (L.) Kunth. A stout perennial, 2°-5° high: umbel very compound : spikelets ovoid-oblong, 13’/-23’’ long: bristles at ma- turity much exceeding the scales and very conspicuous, rust-colored.—In a bog along the foot of the bluffs three-fourth of a mile east of Courtney. June-July. 8. FUIRENA Rottb. Culms triangular, leafy. Spikelets in axillary and terminal clusters. Scales imbricated all around, awned. Perianth of three cordate-ovate or ovate-oblong scales on claws, alternating with as many downwardly barbed bristles. Stamens three and styles 3-cleft. Achene triangular, tipped with the non-swollen persistent base of the style. 1. F. simplex Vahl. A hairy tufted perennial, 10’ high: leaves 1/-14’ long, 1}’’-2’” wide, with loose sheaths: spikelets 3’/-6’ long: scales recurved-awned: perianth scales notched at apex, cordate at CYPERACEAE 45 base, awned from below the apex, prominently nerved.—On sand-hars along the Mississippi River at Courtney. Very rare. July—October. 9. HEMICARPHA Nees & Am. Low, tufted annuals with flowers as in Scirpus, save that there is one very small inconspicuous hyaline scale at the base of the ovary. Style 2-cleft. Stamen one. 1. H. micrantha (Vahl.) Britton. 1/-5’ high with capillary culms: spikelets 2-3 together, 1’’-2’’ long, sessile.—Moist sandy soil along rivers, especially the Missouri River. Well distributed, but never com- mon. June—October. 10. SCLERIA Berg. Leafy perennial with triangular culms from creeping rootstocks, and monoecious spikelets in terminal, or terminal and axillary clusters. Pis- tillate spikelets 1-flowered, usually intermingled with the many-flowered staminate ones. Style 3-cleft. Achenes ovoid to globular, white, bony and crustaceous. 1. S. triglomerata Michx. Nut RusH. 13°-3° tall, erect but nod- ding at the summit, roughish : achene ovoid-globose, very white, shining and smooth, 1’’ high, supported on a crustaceous disk.—Occurs locally in sterile places on the prairie near Oak Grove, Grand View and Lee’s Summit. June—July. ll. CAREX L. SEnDGE. Perennial sedges with mostly triangular culms, 3-ranked leaves and monoecious flowers in spikes. The staminate and pistillate flowers either borne in the same spikes or in different spikes. Spikes usually subtended by bracts. Floral envelopes none, the staminate flowers consisting of three stamens, and the pistillate of a single pistil with a bifid or a trifid style. Achene triangular or lenticular, completely enclosed in a sac, called the perigynium. Staminate flowers numerous and conspicuous, in one or more terminal spikes (sometimes pis- tillate at base or apex). Perigynia strongly beaked, the beak terminat- ing in two well-developed teeth. I. Perigynia beakless or beaked: if beaked the heak not terminating in two well-developed teeth. IT: Staminate flowers few and inconspicuous, borne at the base or apex of the pistillate spike. Staminate flowers at the summit of the spikes. INGE. Staminate flowers at the base of the spikes. We Te Perigy nia thin, noticeably inflated. Perigynia 6/’ or more long. Pistillate spikes globose. 1. C. Asa-Grayi. 46 CYPERACEAE Pistillate spikes oblong-cylindrical. 2. C. lupulina. Perigynia 5’ or less long. Perigynia tapering into the long beak. Staminate spikes several. 3. C. monile. Staminate spike usually one. Spikes 6’’ thick ; perigynia faintly nerved. 4. C. lurida. Spikes 43’ thick ; perigynia strongly nerved. 5. C. hystricina. Perigynia abruptly narrowed into beak. Scales exceeding perigynia. 6. C. Frankii. Perigynia exceeding scales. 7. C. typhinoides. Perigynia tapering into minute beak. 17. C. Davisii. Perigynia thick, scarcely inflated. Perigynia glabrous. Perigynia teeth 1’’ or more long. Seales acuminate. 8. C. trichocarpa. Seales with long cusp. 9. C. aristata. Perigynia teeth 1’ or less long. 10. C. riparia. Perigynia hairy. 11. C. lanuginosa. Il. Perigynia beak short or wanting. Staminate spikes usually two or more. Pistillate spikes erect. Lowest bract 4’-5’ long. 12. C. stricta. Lowest bract 1/—2/ long. 13. C. Haydeni. Pistillate spikes drooping. 14. C. gynandra. Staminate spike one ; pistillate above. Leaves smooth. 15. C. Shortiana. Leaves hairy. Spikes stout, 6’” long. j 16. C. hirsuta. Spikes slender, 1/ long. 17. C. Davisii. Staminate spike one ; staminate throughout. Perigynia beakless or nearly so. Leaves 2//-3/’ wide. 18. C. grisea. Leaves 1//-2/’ wide. 19. C. amphibola. Perigynia with a short, straight beak. Spikes many-flowered. 20. C. granularis. Spikes 12 or fewer-flowered. Sheaths smooth. 21. C. oligocarpa. Sheaths scabrous-pubescent. 22. OC. Hitchcockiana. Perigynia with a short abruptly bent beak. Leaves 1//-43/’ wide. Upper scales obtuse. 23. C. Meadii. Upper scales acute. 24. C. lawxiflora. Leaves 6’’ or more wide. 25. C. Albursina. Perigynia beak stout, half the length of the body or more. Culms exceeding the leaves. Plant strongly pubescent. 29. C. pubescens. Plant glabrous. Staminate spike 6’’-12’’ long. 26. C. Pennsylvanica. Staminate spike 2/’-4’” long. 27. C. varia. Culms much shorter than the leaves. Pistillate spikes several-flowered. 28. C. umbellata. Pistillate spikes 1-3-flowered. 30. C. Jamesii. CYPERACEAE 47 Ustiie Inflorescence usually 13’ or more long, the clusters compound. Beak of the perigynium longer than the body. Beak 1-2 times length of body. 32. C. stipata. Beak 3-4 times length of body. 33. C. Crus-Corvi. Beak of perigynium shorter than the body. Perigynium and beak 2’ long. 31. C. conjuncta. Perigynium and beak 13’/ or less long. Seales acute to acuminate. Leaves exceeding stem. 35. C. vulpinoidea. Stem exceeding leaves. 36. C. wanthocarpa. Scales obtusish. 37. C. Sartwellii. Inflorescence usually less than 13’ long, the clusters rather simple. Clusters strongly separated. Leaves 3/’-13’’ wide. Perigynia radiating. 38. C. rosea. Perigynia reflexed at maturity. 39. C. retroflexa. Leaves 23/’-43’’ wide. 40. C. sparganoides. Clusters aggregated. Heads green when mature. Leaves 2’’-4’” wide. 41. C. eephaloidea. Leaves 4//-2’” wide. Head 6” or less long, the clusters hardly recognizable. Leaves 1’’-2’” wide. 42. C. cephalophora. Leave 1” or less wide. 43. C. Leavenworthit. Head 6” or more long, the clusters rec- ognizable. 44. C. Muhlenbergiv. Heads yellowish at maturity. 34. C. gravida. IV. Perigynia widely spreading. 45. C. sterilis. Perigynia not widely spreading. Perigynia 2-5 times as long as wide. Spikes narrowly cylindric, 6//-12’ long. 46. C. Muskingumensis. Spikes globular to short-oblong. Spikes cone-shaped above. 48. C. scoparia. Spikes bluntish. Perigynia erect. 47.7 C. tribuloides. Perigynia spreading. 49. C. cristatella. Perigynia less than twice as long as wide. Heads greenish- brown. Perigynia ovate. 50. C. straminea. Perigynia orbicular. 51. C. festucacea. Heads silvery-green. 52. C. Bicknellit. 1. C. Asa-Grayi Bailey. 2°-3° high: leaves many, 3/’-43/” wide: pistillate spikes 1-2, 1’ in diameter, perfectly globular, 10—30-flowered : perigynia much-inflated, many-nerved, 6’/-10’ long.—In low, wet woods near Lake City and Sibley. Rare. May-June. 2. C. lupulina Muhl. 2°-4° high: leaves 23’’-4’’ wide: pistillate spikes 2-6, oblong-cylindrical, 1’-23’ long, densely many-flowered, sessile of short-stalked: perigynia 6’’-9’” long, much inflated, many-nerved.— 48 CYPERACEAE Low wet woods from Sibley to Atherton. Locally abundant. May- September. 3. C. monile Tuckerm. Culms 2°-3° high: leaves 13’/-23’” wide: staminate spikes 2-4: pistillate 1-3, 1/-2’ long, narrowly cylindric, many-flowered: perigynia somewhat inflated, 23’’ long, strongly-nerved. Abundant near Lake City and Sibley. May-June. 4. C. lurida Wahl. 15°-3° high: leaves long and rough: pistillate spikes 2-4, densely flowered, erect, spreading or drooping, sessile or short- stalked, 9/’-24’’ long: perigynia 10-nerved, inflated, slender-beaked, 4/’ long, the teeth 1/’-2’’ long: staminate spike solitary.—Very common in bogs along the bluffs west of Sibley. June-July. Var. exundans Bailey. Pistillate spikes all long-stalked.—Occasionally occurs with the type. 5. C. hystricina Muhl. Like the last, but pistillate spikes shorter (3/-13/ long), the lower slender-stalked and drooping : perigynia 3//-2// long, little-inflated, 15-20-nerved, the beak strongly toothed.—With the Jast, but matures from May-June before C. lurida is noticeable. 6. C. Frankii Kunth. 1°-2° high, with long rough leaves and similar bracts, much longer than the culm: pistillate spikes 3-5, very dense, 3/-13/ long. 4’ in diameter: perigynia abruptly contracted and depressed at the summit, from the center of which depression arises the slender beak. —Common in wet grounds throughout. June-September. 7. C. typhinoides Schwein. 2°-3° high: leaves 2’’-3’’ wide: spikes 1-3, oblong, densely flowered, {/-1}’ long, 6’’ in diameter, the terminal staminate at base; perigynia obovoid, widely spreading or ascending, beaked, twice the length of the inconspicuous scale. Bogs west of Sibley. Not common. May-June. 8. C. trichocarpa Muhl. 1°-4° high, stout: leaves and bract exceed- ing the culms: staminate spikes 2-6: pistillate spikes 2-5, cylindric, 1’/-4’ long: perigynia long-conic, 4/’-5’’ long, many-nerved, tapering intoastout 2-toothed beak, smooth: scale hyaline, shorter than perigynia. Our form is var. imberbis Gray.—Low swales in the Missouri River bot- toms. Not common. May-June. 9. C. aristata R. Br. Resembles the last, but sheaths pubescent : spikes sometimes 5’ long : perigynia slender: scales terminating in an awn of their own length.—Abundant around Fish Lake near Sibley. May-June. 10. C. riparia Curtis. Culms 2°-4° high: leaves rough, long and broad : staminate spikes several : pistillate spikes 2-4, 14’—4’ long, usually erect, loosely flowered below : perigynia ovate-lanceolate, not inflated, few-nerved, coriaceous : scale exceeded by perigynia.—Low swales and swamps, especially along the Missouri River. Common. May-June. 11. C. lanuginosa Michx. Culms 2°-3° high, rough above: leaves 1//-2/ wide : staminate spikes 1-3: pistillate spikes 2-3, rather distant, 1/-2’ long, densely flowered : perigynia hairy, ribbed, 1’’ in diameter, CYPERACEAE 49 oval, with short beak.—Low prairies and swales throughout. Locally very abundant. May-June. 12. C. stricta Lam. 2°-4° high: leaves long and narrow, their lower sheaths sometimes prominently fibrillose : staminate spikes 2 or more: pis- tillate spikes 2-5, densely flowered, 5’-2’ long, 2/’-3’’ broad, nearly sessile, the upper often staminate above: perigynia ovate, 1/’ long, minutely beaked: scales about length of perigynia.—Low swales and prairies throughout. Locally common. May-June. Var. angustata (Boott) Bailey. Pistillate spikes often 4’ long, erect : scales usually longer than perigynia.—With the type but rarer. May— June. 13. C. Haydeni Dewey. Likethelast : culms lower and more slender, leaves 1’ or less wide: sheaths not fibrillose: pistillate spikes 6’/-14/” long, 2’’ or less wide, sessile : staminate portion small: perigynia ovate- orbicular.—Low wet prairies west of Lake City. Rare. May-June. 14. C. gynandra Schwein. 2°-5° high: staminate spikes usually 2: pistillate spikes 3-6, narrowly cylindrical, 2’—4’ long, 3’’—4’’ wide, curved and drooping : perigynia ovate, elliptic, acute, 1}’’ long, nerve- less, much shorter than the subulate scale.—In a swale along the railroad, a mile east of Courtney. A few clumps. May-June. 15. C. Shortiana Dewey. Culms 1°-3° high: spikes 3-5, approxi- mate at summit of culm, very densely flowered, the uppermost staminate at base, 3’-13’ long, 2’’ in diameter: perigynia flat, orbicular, nerve- less, minutely beaked.—Common throughout in low grounds. May- June. 16. C. hirsuta Willd. 1°-15° high: leaves and sheaths pubescent : spikes 2-5, sessile, contiguous, short-oblong, 3’’-8’’ long, 3’’ wide: peri- gynia }’’-1’’ long, flat, oval, few-nerved, beakless, longer than scales.— In dry copses near Leeds and Independence. Not common. 17. C. Davisii Schwein. & Torr. 14°-3° high: leaves 2’’-3’’ wide, sparingly pubescent: spikes 3-5, all long-stalked and spreading, the uppermost staminate at base, 6’’-18’’ long, 3’ wide: perigynia 2’ long, ovoid, inflated and strongly nerved, the beak minutely 2-toothed : scales lanceolate, conspicuously long-awned.—Rather common in moist thickets and woods throughout. May-June. 18. C. grisea Wahl. 1°-2° high, slightly glaucous: leaves and bracts 2’’-33’’ wide, the latter overtopping the spikes : staminate spikes solitary, small and sessile : pistillate spikes 3-5, 5’’-8’ long, oblong, com- pact, the upper sessile, the lower peduncled : perigynia 23’ long, oblong, beakless and finely striate: scales cuspidate.—Low woods along the Little Blue River west of Lake City. Notcommon. May-June. 19. C. amphibola Steud. Culms slender, 1°-23° high : leaves 1//—2/7 wide : staminate spike solitary, peduncled : pistillate spikes 2-5, 6’’-12// long, slender, ]oosely several-flowered, all peduncled : perigynia 2’’ long, 4 5O CYPERACEAE oblong, pointed but beakless, 2-ranked : scales cuspidate.—Near Lake City and Martin City. Uncommon. May-June. 20. C. granularis Muhl. 1°-23° high, glaucous : leaves flat, 13//-3/’ wide: staminate spike solitary: pistillate spikes 2-4, erect, compact, short-oblong, 1/ or less long: perigynia 1/’ long, ovoid, short-beaked and strongly nerved.—Moist woods and meadows, especially in the northern part. Quite frequent. May-June. 21. C. oligocarpa Schk. Like C. amphibola ; pistillate spikes 4//-8’’ long, looser flowered: perigynia 1//-1}’’ long, abruptly contracted into a short beak, many-striate.—Common in rich woods. April-June. 22. C. Hitchcockiana Dewey. Culms erect, 1°-2° high: leaves about 2% wide, their sheaths scabrous-pubescent: pistillate spikes 2-4, like the last: perigynia ovoid, stoutly beaked, shorter than the rough- awned scale.—Frequent in rich woods from Courtney to Sibley. May- June. 23. C. Meadii Dewey. Usually less than 1° high: staminate spike solitary, stout, long-stalked : pistillate spikes 2-3, stout, densely several— many-flowered, 3/’-13’’ long: perigynia 13’’-2/’ long, oblong, many- nerved, the beak usually strongly bent, longer than the scale.—Common ou prairies and in dry oak woods, especially in the southern part. May- June. 24. C. laxiflora Lam. Culms 6/-2° high, glabrous: leaves 3’ or less wide: staminate spike stalked: pistillate spikes loosely few-flowered, 3’-1l’ long: perigynia triangular, 1}’’ long, obovate, strongly nerved, with a much bent beak; scales scarious-margined.—A common species in woods and thickets. May-June. Var. blanda (Dewey) Boott. Lower : pistillate spikes 4’ or less long, more densely flowered, the upper sessile and contiguous to the inconspicu- ous sessile staminate spike.—Very common in open woods and meadows. Var. varians Bailey. 13°-25° high: leaves often 33’ wide: pistillate spikes 3’-13’ long, the two upper sessile and contiguous to the usually sessile staminate spike.—Rich copses in the northeastern portion. Not uncommon. Var. patulifolia (Dewey) Carey. Glaucous: leaves 3/’-f’’ broad : staminate spike conspicuous, peduncled : pistillate spike often 1’ or more long, loosely flowered : perigynia beak nearly straight.—In rich woods near Levasy. Rare. 25. C. Albursina Sheldon. 1° or less high : leaves numerous, 6’’-18” wide, the bracts similar and much longer than the loosely-flowered pistil- late spikes : staminate spike nearly sessile : perigynia 3’’—4” long, strongly nerved and short-beaked.—A strongly marked species found quite abund- antly in the wet rocky bluff woods at Courtney. May-June. 26. C. Pennsylvanica Lam. 6/-15’ high, strongly stoloniferous : leaves narrow and somewhat involute : staminate spike brownish-purple- nearly sessile, }’-1’ long: pistillate spikes 1-3, sessile, short and few- CYPERACEAE 51 flowered, usually contiguous: perigynia 1” long, round-ovate, hairy.— Very common in dry woods and on the prairie. April-May. 27. C. varia Mubl. Resembles the last but staminate spike only 2//-4” long, sessile: pistillate spikes 2-4: perigynia oblong.—Infrequent in dry rocky woods throughout the northern part. April-May. 28. C. umbellata Schk. Densely tufted, leaves 3’’/-2’” wide, often 1° long: spikes on scapes 1/-2’ long, numerous, hidden among the leaves or on short culms: pistillate spikes filiform-stalked or sessile at the base of the solitary staminate spike, several-flowered, 2’-4’ long :. perigynia 1’ long, minutely hairy. —In dry soil. Common near Dodson ; also found north of Lee’s Summit. April-May. 29. C. pubescens Muhl. About 13° high, pubescent all over : stami- nate spike sessile and inconspicuous : pistillate spikes 2-5, 4/’-10’ long, erect and nearly sessile: perigynia ovoid, 2/7 long, densely hairy.—In rich woods near Sibley and Independence. May-July. 30. C. Jamesii Schwein. 12’ or less high : leaves 13’ wide, much ex- ceeding the culms: spikes small, the staminate portion slender and in- conspicuous, with 2-4 pistillate flowers at base ; perigynia globular, pro- longed into a rough, two-edged, stout beak : lower scales bract-like and foliaceous.—Common in dark, rich woods throughout. May—June. 31. C. conjuncta Boott. Culms weak, 1°-3° high, sharply triangular : leaves often 43’’ wide : head 1/-3’ long, the lower spikes separated : bracts inconspicuous : perigynia 13/’ long, lance-ovate, tapering into a rough beak, about the length of the cuspidate scale-—Not uncommon in moist meadows and thickets in the northern part. May-June. 32. C. stipata Muhl. Culms 2°-3° high: leaves 2//-4’” wide : head 1/-4’ long, usually not branched, the spikes yellowish-brown and crowded : perigynia lanceolate, 2/” long, the beak longer than the body and much exceeding the scale.—Frequent in moist meadows from Sheffield and Adams to Sibley and Levasy. May-June. 33. C. Crus-Corvi Shuttlw. Culms 2°-4° high : leaves 5/’” or less wide: head very compound, 4’-12/ long : spikes yellowish-brown : peri- gynia lanceolate, 4’ long, the beak more than thrice the length of the body : scale one-fourth the length of the perigynia.—Locally common around swamps at Sibley and Atherton. June-July. 34. C. gravida Bailey. Culms 1°-33° high : leaves 1’7-2”” wide, usu- ally shorter than the culm: the globular spikes aggregated in a short (1/-14’ long) oblong head, somewhat interrupted: perigynia broadly ovate, 2’’ long, polished and widely spreading when ripe.—Common in dry soil, especially on dry prairies throughout the southern part. May— June. Var. laxifolia Bailey. Leaves 3/’ wide: head dense, not interrupted. —Prairies near Lee’s Summit. 35. C. vulpinoidea Michx. Culms often 3° high, exceeded by the leaves : head 1/-5/ long, usually interrupted, the numerous spikes 2/’—4”/ 52 CYPERACEAE long, densely flowered : bracts setaceous : perigynia broadly ovate, green- ish-yellow, 1/’ long, tipped by a two-toothed beak, half the length of the body.—Common in moist soil throughout. May-June. 36. C. xanthocarpa Bicknell. Resembles the last : head dense, }/-2 long, the bracts conspicuous or inconspicuous: perigynia 13” long, bright-yellow, ovate-elliptic or suborbicular, tipped with a minutely two-toothed beak. — Frequent in low grounds throughout. May- June. 37, C. Sartwellii Dewey. Culms 1°-3° high, exceeding the long- attenuate leaves: head 1/-3’ long, narrow and somewhat separated : bracts setaceous, usually small: spikes 2’’-4’”" long: perigynia lance- elliptic, 1/’ long, contracted into a short beak : scales blunt, pale-brown, and hyaline tipped.—Low meadows west of Lake City. 38. C. rosea Schk. Culms bright green, 1°-13° high, weak and often reclining : leaves narrow: spikes 5-8, 5-16-flowered, the upper aggregated, the lower 2-4 widely separated : perigynia widely radiating, lance-ovate, flat, bright green, 13’” long.—Rather common in dry woods. May-June. Var. radiata Dewey. Spikes 2-5, only 2-6-flowered.—With the type but more common. May-June. 39. C. retroflexa Muhl. Erect culms, 1°-13° high: spikes closely aggregated, the lower one or two separated : perigynia 13’’ long, ovate- lanceolate, corky-thickened at the base, reflexed at maturity.— Woods near Courtney. May-June. 40. C. sparganioides Muhl. Culms sharply 3-angled, 2°-3° high : leaves 3//-4/’ broad: spikes 6-12, more or less separated : perigynia ovate, 1}/” long, wing-margined, longer than the scale.—Rich woods throughout. May-July. 41. C. cepha oidea Dewey. Culms erect but not stiff, 2°-3° high : leaves 2/’/-4’’ broad : head 9/’-15’’ long, with spikes commonly distinct but not separated : perigynia 2/’ long, nerveless, ovate-lanceolate, twice the length of the membranous scale.—Rocky woods along Spring Branch near Pixley’s Switch. June. 42. C. cephalophora Muhl. Erect : culms 1°-2° high : leaves 1/-2/ wide: head 6” long, short-oblong, never interrupted: bracts setaceous : perigynia 1/’-1}/’ long, ovate, nerveless, about the length of the scale.— Common in dry ground. May-July. 43. C. Leavenworthii Dewey. About 1° high: leaves 1’ or less wide : head 4/’-8’’ long, not interrupted and with short bracts : perigynia less than 1/’ long, orbicular-ovate : scale shorter and narrower than the perigynia.—Sandy, bluff woods near Courtney. Locally common. May- June. 44. C. Muhlenbergii Schk. Culms 1°-2}° high, longer than the nar- row (1//-2/” wide) leaves : head 9’’-12” long, the clusters recognizable : CYPERACEAE 53 spikes 4-10, globose : perigynia orbicular-ovate, 13’ long, not nerved, shorter than the scale.—In dry ground near Lee’s Summit and Courtney. May-June. Our form is var. Xalapensis (Kunth) Britton. 45. C. sterilis Willd. Culms 8’-20’ high: leaves less than 1’” wide: spikes 3-5, several-many-flowered, usually separate, the staminate flow- ers usually numerous: perigynia ovate-lanceolate, 13’’ long, nerved, tapering into a sharp, rough beak, half the length of the body, longer than the scale.—Prairie near Lee’sSummit. May-June. 46. C. Muskingumensis Schwein. Stout culms, 2°-3° high: leaves 23/’ wide or less: spikes distinct, ight brown, 6’’-12/’ long, oblong- cylindric, many-flowered : perigynia linear-lanceolate, 3’’--4’’ long, much longer than the scale.—In swampy ground near Lake City and Sibley- May-June. 47. C. tribuloides Wahl. 1°-3° high : leaves about 2’’ wide: spikes 6-20, short-oblong, truncate at summit, 3’’-6’ long, 3’’-4’’ wide: peri- gynia 2’’-3’’ long, lanceolate, ascending or erect, twice the length of the scale.—In moist meadows throughout. May-June. Var. turbata Bailey. Spikes 3’ long, 23’’ wide, ovoid-oblong : head 1/-2’ long, the lower spike separated.—Low grounds from Sheffield to Sibley. 48. C. scoparia Schk. Culms 1°-23° high: leaves about 1/’ wide: spikes 3-8, brownish, 3-8’ long, oblong-conic, close together, usually bractless : perigynia 2’’-3’” long, lanceolate, erect or ascending, longer than the scale-—Common on prairies near Waldo Park, Lee’s Summit and Atherton. June. 49. C. cristatella Britton. Culms 13°-3° high : leaves 13’’-2’ wide : spikes 6-15, globular, 2’’-3’” long, contiguous : perigynia 13’’-2’ long, ovate-lanceolate, spreading or ascending, their points conspicuous, much longer than the scale.—Common in low meadows and thickets. May- June. 50. C. straminea Willd. Culms 1°-3° high: leaves 3/’-2’ wide: spikes 3-8, globular, 3’’—4’’ broad, distinct : perigynia 13’’ long, ovate, wing-margined, ascending or spreading, exceeding the scale.—Infre- quent in woods. Our form is var. mirabilis (Dewey) Tuckerm. May— June. 51. C. festucacea Willd. Culms stiff and erect, 1°-3° high: leaves 1/’-2” wide : spikes 3-8, 3’’-5’” broad, greenish-brown, oblong to globu- lar, contiguous, short-bracted : perigynia orbicular, broadly margined, 135” long, ascending, about the length of the scale.-—Common in open grounds. May-—June. 52. C. Bicknellii Britton. Culms 2°-4° high: leaves 13’/-23” wide: spikes 3-7, 4’’-6’’ long, ovoid, silvery-green, close together: perigynia orbicular, strongly winged, 2’’-3’’ long.—Frequent in dry or wet open grounds throughout. May-June. 54 LEMNACEAE Famity 15. ARACEAE Neck. Herbs with dioecious, monoecious or perfect flowers on a spadix sur- rounded by aspathe. Perianth absent or of 4-6 sepals. Stamens 4—10. Ovary with 1-several ovules. Fruit berry-like. Leaves compound. 1. ARISAEMA. Leaves simple and rush-like. 2. ACORUS. 1. ARISAEMA Mart. Perennial froman acrid corm. Flowers dioecious or monoecious at the base of the spadix. Perianth absent. Staminate flowers composed of a few, nearly sessile, 2-4-celled anthers, the pistillate of a 1-celled ovary containing 1-8 ovules. Leaf divided into 3 leaflets. 1. A. triphyllum. Leaf divided into 7-11 leaflets. 2. A. Dracontium. 1. A.triphyllum (L.) Torr. JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT. Leaves 1-2, with 3 elliptical-ovate leaflets: spathe hooded and curving over the spadix, opened at the throat: spadix 2/-3/ long, club-shaped.—Rather common in rich damp woods. April-May. 2. A. Dracontium (L.) Schott. GREEN DRAGON. Leaf usually solitary, divided into 7-15 oblong-lanceolate leaflets: spathe oblong, acuminate and convolute at the apex, much exceeded by the long (1/-9’) and slender tip of the spadix.—In woods throughout. Well distributed, but nowhere abundant. May. 2. ACORUS L. Herbs from long running, pungent aromatic rootstocks. Scapes 3- angled, similar to the leaves. The spadix seemingly lateral, the spathe appearing like a continuation of the culm. Flowers perfect, densely covering the spadix. Sepalsand stamens 6. Ovary 2-4-celled with several ovules in each cell. 1. A. Calamus L. SWEET FLAG. 2°-5° high.—Very abundant ina swamp near the Little Blue River east of Atherton ; Levasy. May. FAmiILy 16. LEMNACEAE Dumort. Minute floating aquatics, consisting of a frond, bearing flowers from the edge or surface. Flowers monoecious, consisting of a single stamen or a single pistil. Ovary bearing 1-6 erect ovules. The species are all known as ‘‘ Duckweeds.”’ Frond with several rootlets. 1. SPIRODELA. Frond with one rootlet. 2. LEMNA. Frond without rootlets. 3. WOLFFIA. 1. SPIRODELA Schleid. Fronds 7-12-nerved. Ovary bearing two ovules. 1. S. polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Fronds 2//-5’’ long, round-obovate, green above, purplish beneath, usually 7-nerved.—Often very common in ponds and ditches. COMMELINACEAE 5d 2. LEMNA L. Frond 1—5-nerved. Flowers usually three together from a spathe, two staminate and one pistillate, the latter containing 7-12 ovules. Fronds stalked at base. 1. L. trisulea. Fronds not stalked at hase. Fronds not symmetrical. Fronds 1-nerved. Fronds 3-nerved. Fronds symmetrical. . L. cyclostasa. L. perpusilla. . L. minor. 9 09 1. L. trisulca L. Fronds oblong-lanceolate, 5’’-10’’ long, attenuate at base into a slender stalk, denticulate at apex, thin, usually several connected.—Common in pools at Sheffield, Lake City and Sibley. Summer. 2. L. cyclostasa Phillippi. Frond elliptic-oblong, 1/’-2’’ long, thick- ish, obscurely 1-nerved.—Common in a pond near Sheffield and Courtney. Sumnier. 3. L. perpusilla Torr. Frond obovate, 1’’-13’’ long, thickish, ob- scurely 3-nerved, abruptly narrowed into a short stalk.—In ponds near Courtney, Sheffield and Sibley. Summer. Var. trinervis Austin. Fronds strongly 3-nerved.— Ponds near Sheffield. 4. L. minor L. Frond elliptic-obovate to suborbicular, 1//—2’’ long, thickish, obscurely 3-nerved and never plainly stalked.— Often very abundant in ponds at Sheffield, Sibley, Grain Valley and Lake City: Summer. ; 3. WOLFFIA Horkel. Fronds nerveless. Flowers two together, the one staminate, the other pistillate. Ovule solitary. 1. W. Columbiana Karst. Frond globose, }/’/-3’’ long, not dotted : stomata 1-6. Floats just beneath tne surface of the water.—In ponds near Atherton, Sheffield and Lake City. June-July. FAMILY 17. COMMELINACEAE Reichenb. Herbs with perfect, 6-androus flowers subtended by spathe-like or leafy bracts. Perianth double, the outer of three green sepals, the inner of three ephemeral petals. Stamens 6. Ovary 2-3-celled, with 1-several ovules in each cell. Style one. Two of the petals much larger than the third. 1. COMMELINA. Petals all similar. 2. TRADESCANTIA. 1. COMMELINA L. DAy FLOWER. Flowers subtended by a spathe-like bract. Sepals unequal, the two lateral partly united. Petals blue, the two lateral on long claws, the other smaller. Three stamens perfect, the other three sterile and smaller. Filaments glabrous. 1. C. crispa Wooton. 1°-3° high: leaves lanceolate, 3/—5’ long: spathe cucullate : each cell of ovary 1-ovuled, the dorsal one indehiscent.— 56 PONTEDERIACEAE In sandy soil near Martin City, Little Blue Tank and Lake City. July- August. 2. TRADESCANTIA L. Bracts leaf-like. Fluwers regular, umbellate. Sepals and petals three each, the latter ovate and sessile. Stamens 6, all similar, the filaments beautifully bearded. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Sepals nearly glabrous. 1. 7. reflexa. Sepals strongly hairy. Leaves long-ciliate at base. 2. T. occidentalis. Leaves not long-ciliate at base. 3. T. bracteata. 1. T. reflexa Raf. SmMooTH SPIDERWORT. 1°-4° high, glaucous: leaves spreading, 8’-20’ long, 5’’-7’’ wide: umbels many-flowered : pedicels reflexed at maturity: sepals hairy at tip: petals blue or pur- plish.—Common in open ground, especially on prairies. May-June. 2. T. occidentalis Britton. WESTERN SPIDERWORT. 1°-2° high, glabrous: leaves ascending, short-hairy, 7/—-15/ long, 3’’-5’’ wide, flattish, exceeding the stems: umbels few-flowered.—In barrens along Brush Creek and at Dodson. May-June. 3. T. bracteata Small. HAtrRy SPIDERWORT. 87-15’ high: leaves widely spreading, 4’-8’ long, 5’’-8’’ wide, strongly keeled: umbels few- flowered : flowers reddish.—Frequent on prairies throughout. May-June. : FAMILY 18. PONTEDERIACEAE Dumort. Marsh plants with flowers subtended by leafy spathes. Perianth col- ored, 6-merous, free from the ovary. Stamens 3 or 6, inserted on its throat, unequal. Ovary 3-celled and many-ovuled, or 1-celled and 1- ovuled. Stamens six. 1. PONTEDERTIA. Stamens three. 2. HETERANTHERA. 1. PONTEDERIA L. Flowers numerous, blue, ephemeral, on a long scape. Perianth 2- lipped, the upper three lobes ovate, the three lower linear-oblong and spreading. Stamens six, three long-exserted, the other three on short fila- ments. Ovary 3-celled, two of the cells abortive, the other l-ovuled. 1. P. cordata L. PICKEREL WEED. 1°-3° high: leaves ovate, cor- date-sagittate, long-petioled, blunt at apex: inflorescence glandular- pubescent.—Occurs locally in marshes between Adams and Lake City. June-August. 2. HETERANTHERA R. & P. Spathes 1-several flowered. Flowerssmall. Perianth divisions equal. Stamens three. Ovary 3-celled with numerous ovules. Flowers blue. Spathes 2-6-flowered. . HH. reniformis. Spathes 1-flowered. H. limosa. Flowers yellow. . H, dubia. Ee) JUNCACEAE 57 1. H. reniformis R. & P. Mup PLANTAIN. Leaves cordate or reni- form: flowers 4’ long.—In ponds. Abundant north of Sheffield ; also near Courtney, Lake City, Buckner and Atherton. July-September. 2. H. limosa (Sw.) Willd. SMALLER MUD PLANTAIN. Leaves ovate or oval: flowers 5’’ long.—Abundant in a pond north of Sheffield with the last; also near Atherton. July-September. 3. H. dubia (Jacq.) MacM. WATERSTARGRASS. Leaves linearand grass-like: spathe 1-flowered.—Abundant in Hiffner’s Lake near Ather- ton. July-September. FAMILY 19. JUNCACEAE Vent. Rush-like herbs with regular, greenish flowers. Perianth 6-parted. Stamens 3 or 6. Style solitary. Stigmas 3. Ovary superior, 3-celled, or 1-celled with 3 parietal placentae. Capsule many-seeded. 1. JUNCUS L. Rusu. Perennial or annual herbs with flowers very variously arranged. Flowers in sessile apparently lateral panicles. Stamens three. 1. J. effusus. Stamens six. 2. J. Balticus. Flowers terminal. Leaves not knotted. Annual. 3. J. bufonius. Perennial. Leaf-auricles white, scarious. 4. J. tenuis. Leaf auricles brownish-yellow. 5. J. Dudleyi. Leaves knotted by internal transverse parti- tions. Stamens six. Capsule short-pointed. 6. J. Richardsonianus. Capsule subulate-pointed. Heads 8-20-flowered. 7. J. nodosus. Heads 25-80-flowered. 8. J. Torreyi. Stamens three. 9. J. acuminatus. 1. J. effusus L. Densely tufted, 2°-4° high: stems leafless: flowers 1}’’ long, ina diffuse panicle: sepals about the length of the retuse point- less capsule.—Along the outlet to the railroad pond at Grain Valley. Probably adventized. June-August. 2. J. Balticus Willd. 8/-3° high: stems leafless: flowers 2/’ long in a panicle, 1’-23’ long: outer sepals acute, the inner obtusish, about the length of the strongly mucronate capsule.—Of rare occurrence on sand- bars along the Missouri River. June. 3. J. bufonius L. 3/’-9’ high, spreading: Jeaves narrow: panicle dichotomous, the flowers distant: sepals 2’’-33’’ long, acuminate, the outer much exceeding the three inner and the oblong obtuse capsule. —Sand-bars along the Missouri River. Rare. May—November. 4. J.tenuis Willd. 1/-40’ high, erect, wiry: leaves narrow: leaf- aurioles scarious, much prolonged beyond point of insertion: panicle 1- 58 LILIACEAE many-flowered : sepals 13’/-23’’ long, very acute, subequal, spreading, longer than the obtuse, oblong capsule.—Common in all kinds of situa. tions and wonderfully variable. May—November. 5. J. Dudleyi Wiegand. Resembles stout forms of the last, but readily distinguished by the brownish-yellow cartilaginous leaf-auricles, which are not prolonged.—Common in meadows and along streams. May- August. 6. J. Richardsonianus Schult. 6/-20’ high: panicle branches erect, the flowers in distinct heads: sepals 1’” long, the three outer sharper and longer than the three inner, but shorter than the ovoid-oblong, short- tipped capsule.—Sand-bars along the Missouri River. Rare. Septem- ber—October. 7. J.nodosus L. 6/-24’ high, from a tuber-bearing rootstock : pan- icle bearing 1-30 heads, 3/’-6’’ wide : sepals less than 2’ long, subequal, shorter than the lanceolate-subulate capsule.—Sand-bars along the Mis- souri River. Not common. May—November. 8. J. Torreyi Coville. Similar to the last but larger: heads 30-80- flowered, 4’’-8’’ wide : sepals more than 2’” long, the three outer longer than the three inner.—Often abundant in moist places throughout. May-—November. 9. J. acuminatus Michx. Stems erect, 1°-3° high: inflorescence of 5-many 3-20-flowered heads : sepals less than 2’ long, equal, about the length of the ovoid-oblong abruptly pointed capsule.—Abundant in ponds and ditches from Adams to Atherton and Levasy. May-July. FAMILY 20. MELANTHACEAE R. Br. Leafy-stemmed herbs from rootstocks, with grass-like leaves, and pan- icled or racemose, polygamous, dioecious or perfect flowers. Perianth composed of six segments. Stamens six at the base of the perianth. Styles three. Seeds few-many. 1. MELANTHIUM L. Flowers numerous in large terminal panicles, monoecious or polyg- amous, greenish-white. Perianth divisions clawed at base. Styles three, spreading. Capsule septicidal. Inflorescence pubescent. 1. M. Virginicum L. BUNCH-FLOWER. 2°-5° high: leaves 1° long, 4/’/-12/ wide: perianth segments oblong, entire, 2-glandular at base.— Moist meadows throughout the southern and eastern parts, but local. June-July. Famity 21. LILIACEAE Adans. Herbs from bulbs, corms or rootstocks. Flowers regular, perfect. Perianth 6-parted. Stamens 6, free or adnate to the perianth segments. Ovary 3-celled, its cells with few-many ovules. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. LILIACEAE 59 Roots fibrous, fleshy. Flowers drooping. 1. UVULARIA. Flowers erect. 2. HEMEROCALLIS. Plants from bulbs or corms. Flowers in umbels. Onion-scented. Not onion-scented. Flowers not in umbels. Flowers not from axils of bracts. . ALLIUM. . NOTHOSCORDUM. Hm OO Leaves many. 5. LILIUM. Leaves two. 6. ERYTHRONIUM. Flowers from axils of bracts. Flowers racemose, light blue. 7. QUAMASIA. Flowers corymbose, white. 8. ORNITHOGALUM. 1. UVULARIA L. Leafy-stemmed herbs with drooping yellow flowers. Perianth bell- shaped, its lobes bearing nectaries at base. Anthers linear. Style 3- cleft. Capsule ovoid, 3-angled. Stems forking. 1. U. grandiflora J. E. SmitrH. BELLWoRT. 6/-20/ high, bearing but one leaf beneath the fork: leaves ovate, perfoliate, pubescent be- neath : perianth 9/’-15’’ long, its segments smooth.—Quite abundant in rich woods throughout. April-May. 2. HEMEROCALLIS L. Herbs with long, linear basal leaves and numerous large showy flowers terminating a tall scape. Perianth divisions widely spreading. Stamens six, with long filaments. Stigma capitate on a long slender style. 1. H. fulva L. Day Liny. Scapes 3°-6° high: flowers tawny orange, 4/-5’ long.—Occasionally escaped around old gardens. June- August. 3. ALLIUM L. WILD ONION. Strong-scented, stemless herbs from coated bulbs. Flowers numerous, white or pinkish, subtended by scarious bracts. Perianth divisions separate. Stigma simple. Capsule 3 valved, each cell bearing 1-2 ovules. Flowers usually replaced by bulblets. 1. A. Canadense. Flowers not replaced by bulblets. 2. A. mutabile. 1. A. Canadense L. 8/-20’ high: bulb coats fibrous-reticulated : leaves linear : sepals white or pink.—Often very common in moist woods. June. 2. A. mutabile Michx. 1°-24° high: bulb coats fibrous-reticulated : leaves channeled : sepals pink or rose.—Common in barrens. May. 4. NOTHOSCORDUM Kunth. Resembling Allium, but not onion-scented. Ovules several in each cell of the ovary. 60 LILIACEAE 1. N. bivalve (L.) Britton. FALSE GARLIC. Less than 1° high: umbel 4-12-flowered : flowers yellowish-white, 4’’-5’” long.—Locally abundant in barrens near Westport, Leeds, Dodson, Independence, Lee’s Summit, Greenwood and Grain Valley. April-May. 5. LILIUM L. Tall perennials with leafy stems from scaly bulbs. Flowers large and showy, 1—-many, funnel-form or bell-shaped. Sepals 6, spreading or re- curved. Stamens 6, with linear anthers and long, filiform filaments. Stigma 3-lobed. Ovules numerous. Leaves roughened on the veins beneath. 1. L. Canadense. Leaves smooth. : 2. L. superbum. 1. L. Canadense L. CANADA LiLy. 2°-7° high. Leaves whorled, lanceolate, 3-nerved, scabrous on the veins beneath : perianth segments 2’-3/ long, recurved or spreading.—In moist meadows and woods near Dodson and Lee’s Summit. June-July. 2. L. superbum L. TuRK’s-cApP Lity. Closely resembles the pre- ceding but is perfectly smooth throughout: perianth divisions strongly recurved.—In similar situations between Independence and Little Blue Tank. June-July. 6. ERYTHRONIUM L. “Marcu Lity. Doa-roorH VIOLET. . Herbs from deep-seated solid bulbs, one-leaved in the sterile and two-leaved in the fertile plants. Flowers large, solitary, nodding. Perianth segments six. Capsule obovoid or oblong. Perianth segments recurved ; leaves mottled. 1. FE. albidum. Perianth segments not recurved ; leaves not mottled. 2. FE. mesachoreum. 1. E. albidum Nutt. Leaves oblong-lanceolate : new corms pro- duced on offshoots from base of old : flowers white or pinkish.—Common in rich woods. April-May. 2. E. mesachoreum Knerr. New corms formed at the base of old: flowers light-lavender tinted.—Common in barrens and on prairies. March-April. 7. QUAMASIA Raf. Flowers on jointed pedicels. Stamens 6, inserted on base of perianth lobes, the anthers linear or linear-oblong. Capsule 3-angled, many- seeded. 1. Q. hyacinthina (Raf.) Britton. Winp HyacintH. 1°-2° high: raceme several-many-flowered : sepals 4’’-7’’ long : capsule strongly tri- angular.—Common in moist woods and barrens throughout. May. 8. ORNITHOGALUM L. Seapose herbs with white or yellowish flowers in terminal bracted racemes or corymbs. Stamens six, hypogynous, the anthers versatile. Capsule 3-angled, with few seeds in each cell. CONVALLARIACEAE 61 1. O. umbellatum L. STArR-oFr-BETHLEHEM. 4/-12/ high: leaves narrowly linear : flowers 5-8, corymbose on long pedicels.— Well escaped from gardens in Independence. April-June. FAMILY 22. CONVALLARIACEAE Link. Herbs from rootstocks, never from bulbs or corms. Fruit a fleshy berry. Otherwise as in LILIACEAE. Leaves scale-like. 1. ASPARAGUS. Leaves not scale-like. Leaves not whorled. Flowers in a terminal raceme. 2. VAGNERA. Flowers axillary. 3. SOLOMONIA. Leaves three, whorled. 4. TRILLIUM. 1. ASPARAGUS L. Tall, much-branching herbs with filiform branches. Flowers small, with 6-parted perianth, the stamens inserted on the base of its lobes. Anthers ovate or oblong. Berry globose, 6-seeded. 1. A. officinalis L. ASPARAGUS. 2°-8° high: flowers greenish, axillary, drooping.—Occasionally escaped from gardens. June-August. 2. VAGNERA Adans. FALSE SOLOMON’S SEAL. Whitish perianth segments six, distinct, the stamens inserted at their base. Anthers ovate. Berry globular, 6-seeded. Flowers numerous. 1. V. racemosa. Flowers few. 2. V. stellata. 1. V. racemosa (L.) Morong. 1°-3° high: leaves numerous, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, over 1’ wide: flowers numerous in a terminal racemose panicle, 1’’ long, 2’’ broad: berries red, purple-spotted.—Infrequent in moist woods throughout. May-June. 2. V. stellata (L.) Morong. 1° high, glabrous and glaucous: leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile-clasping, usually less than 1’ wide: flowers few, racemose : berries black.—Sandy woods in the Missouri bottoms near Sibley ; also near Turner, Kansas. 3. SOLOMONIA Heist. Tall herbs from thick, jointed and scarred rootstocks, bearing many leaves. Flowers axillary, drooping on jointed pedicels. Perianth oblong- cylindric, 6-lobed, the 6 stamens inserted on its tube and included, An- thers sagittate. Berry globular, 6—18-seeded. 1. S. commutata (R. & S.) Britton. SoLomMon’s SEAL. 1°-8° high : leaves lanceolate to ovate, smooth, somewhat clasping : peduncles 1-8-flowered : filaments smooth, adnate to middle of perianth tube.— Rather common in rich woods throughout. June. 62 AMARYLLIDACEAE 4. TRILLIUM L. Glabrous herbs from short rootstocks with three leaves whorled at the summit of the stem and a solitary flower in their center. Perianth of two series, the outer three divisions green, the inner three colored. Stamens six, hypogynous. Anthers linear. Berry many seeded. 1. T. sessile L. WAKE-ROBIN. Leavessessile, ovate: flower sessile, the sepals 6’-18’ long, spreading: petals erect-spreading, dull-purple.— In thickets. Rare and local. Westport, Kansas City and Grain Valley. April-May. FAmILy 23. SMILACEAE Vent. Vines with alternate, petioled, netted-veined leaves and small green dioecious flowers in axillary umbels. Perianth segments and stamens six each. Pistils three. Stigmas three, sessile. Fruit a 3-6-seeded berry. 1. SMILAX Tourn. With the characters of the family. Stems not prickly. 1. S. herbacea. Stems very prickly. 2. S. hispida. 1. S. herbacea L. CARRION FLOWER. 3°-15° high: leaves ovate or rounded or the upper lanceolate, 7-10-nerved: peduncles elongated, 3’-9’ long, longer than the petioles, 15-80-flowered: flowers carrion- scented.—In moist woods and thickets. Well scattered but uncommon. June. Var. pulverulenta (Michx.) Gray. Leaves more or less pubescent beneath.—With the type and about as common. 2. S. hispida Muhl. GREENBRIER. High climbing: stems thickly covered with prickles : leaves ovate or heart-shaped, 7-nerved: peduncles 2-4 times the length of the petiole: umbels 10—25-flowered : berries bluish-black.—Common in woods and thickets. May-June. Famity 24. AMARYLLIDACEAE Lindl. Herbs with perfect regular 6-androus flowers and linear root-leaves. Perianth adnate to the surface of the 3-celled ovary. Stylesingle. Capsule 3-celled, few-many-seeded. I Ey POxIs vi: Low stemless herbs from solid bulbs. Scapes few-flowered. Stamens inserted on base of perianth segments. Anthers sagittate. Capsule in- dehiscent, many-seeded. 1. H. erecta L. SrTar Grass. 2/-8 high, villous: scape 1-6- flowered : flowers yellow within, greenish and villous without, 4’” long.— Wet barrens and prairies throughout the southern part. Very abundant between Greenwood and Lee’s Summit. May. IRIDACEAE 65 FAmILy 25. DIOSCOREACEAE Lindl. Twining vines with large tuberous roots, petioled, cordate-ribbed and reticulate-veined leaves, and inconspicuous, greenish, dioecious, 6-androus flowers. Stamens 3 or 6. Ovary inferior, 3-celled, 3-6-ovuled. Stigmas and styles three each. 1. DIOSCOREA L. Flowers in axillary racemes or panicles. Capsule 3-winged, loculicid- ally 3-valved. 1. D. villosa L. Witp YAM. Leaves alternate, cordate-acuminate slightly downy beneath: staminate flowers in drooping panicles, the fertile in drooping racemes: capsules strongly winged.—In thickets throughout. Well distributed, but not common. May-July. FAMILy 26. IRIDACEAE Lindl. Perennial herbs with equitant two-ranked leaves and perfect flowers. Perianth six-parted. Stamens 3, inserted on the perianth. Ovary infer- ior, 3-celled, with many ovules. Style branches broad and petal-like. ewes Style branches slender. Flowers 13’-2/ broad. 2. Gemmingia. Flowers less than 9’’ broad. 3. Sisyrinchium. 1. IRIS L. BLuE FLAG. Perennials with creeping rootstocks and showy flowers. Perianth seg- ments clawed, the three outer spreading, the inner erect. Styles petaloid, over-arching, bearing the stigmas under their 2-lobed apex. Capsule 3- 6-angled. Flowers on tall stems. 1. J. versicolor. Flowers hidden among the leaves. 2. I. foliosa. 1. I. versicolor L. 2°-3° high: leaves somewhat glaucous: flowers 23’-3/ long, violet-blue, variegated with green, yellow or white : capsule 3-sided.—In swampy ground. Common from Adams to Lake City. May-June. 2. I. foliosa Mackenzie & Bush., n. sp. Stems flexuous: leaves often 2° long, not glaucous : flowers on pedicels 10’’-14’” long : perianth seg- ments bluish, 2}’ long, spreading, not crested : capsule strongly 6-angled. —Meadows and borders of low woods. Lake City, Adams, Glendale, Little Blue Tank and Greenwood. Locally abundant. June. 2. GEMMINGIA Fabr. A tall perennial with Jris-like leaves and flowers in terminal panicles. Perianth divisions distinct nearly to summit of ovary. Stamens mona- delphous at base, inserted at base of perianth segments. Anthers oblong. Capsule pear-shaped, the valves finally breaking and exposing the black fleshy seeds. 64 ORCHIDACEAE 1. G. Chinensis (L.) Kuntze. BLACKBERRY LILY. Flowers reddish- orange, purple-mottled.—Thoroughly adventized on hillsides and along brooks. Leeds, Sibley, along Little Blue, ete. June-August. 3. SISYRINCHIUM L. BLUE-EYED GRASS. Tufted perennials with linear grass-like leaves and fugacious umbel- late flowers from a pair of green bracts. Perianth segments mostly aris- tate. Stamens monadelphous to near the top. Capsule globular, 3-angled. Flowers yellow. 1. S. flaviflorum. Flowers white or blue. Stems usually bearing 2 spathes. 2. S. graminoides. Stems bearing but one spathe. 3. S. campestris. 1. S. flaviflorum Bicknell. Lower bract very large: flowers clear lemon-yellow.—Frequent in post-oak woods southeast of Independence in two places. May. 2. S. graminoides Bicknell. Stems 10’-18’ high, broadly winged : leaves 1}/” wide: lower bract 1-2 times length of upper : capsule 2//-23/’ broad.—Rather frequent in shaded woods. May-June. ~ 3. S. campestris Bicknell. Stems 7/-15’ high, somewhat winged : leaves 1’ or less wide : lower bract twice length of upper : capsules 14/7 broad.—Prairies and oak woods in the southern part, rather common. May. : FAMILY 27. ORCHIDACEAE Lindl. Herbs with perfect irregular flowers. Perianth of six divisions, the three outer (sepals) nearly sessile. Two of the inner (petals) differing from the third, which is called the lip. Anthers one (or two in Cypri- pedium) united with the style into the column. Anthers two-celled, con- taining 2-8 masses of pollen attached to a disk (gland). Ovary 1-celled, 3-angled, and filled with innumerable, sawdust-like ovules. (‘The following key applies only to the species represented with us. ) Lip forming a large inflated sac. 1. CYPRIPEDIUM. Lip not forming a large inflated sac. Flowers white. Lip long-fringed. 3. HABENARIA. Lip not long-fringed. 5. GYROSTACHYS. Flowers colored. Flowers numerous ; leaf solitary. 6. APLECTRUM. Flowers numerous ; leaves two. 2. ORCHIS. Flowers few. 4. POGONIA. 1. CYPRIPEDIUM L. Flowers one to several, large and showy. Sepals and petals similar, spreading. Lip a large inflated sac. Column declined, bearing a stamen on each side and a dilated triangular body over the summit of the style. Stigma broad. Pollen granular. 1. C. hirsutum Mill. Lapy’s Strprer. Hairy, 1°-24° high : leaves many, oval: petals and sepals yellowish, purple-streaked : lip yellow. ORCHIDACEAE 65 —In rich woods, local. Dodson, Independence, Courtney, Sibley, Lee’s Summit. Ours is mostly the form known as C. parviflorum Salisb. May. 2. ORCHIS L. Flowers several, spiked. Sepals and petals about equal. Lip spurred beneath, turned downward, connate with base of column. Anther cells parallel. Pollen masses one in each cell, stalked, attached at base to disks (glands), the two disks contained in a common pouch. 1. O. spectabilis L. Snowy OrcuHIs. Leaves two, large, obovate : scape 4’-10’ high, 4-angled: flowers violet-purple, the lip white.—In rich woods. Rare. Courtney, Lake City and Sibley. May. 3. HABENARIA Willd. Differs from Orchis in having glands not enclosed in a pouch and sepa- rate. 1. H. leucophaea (Nutt.) A. Gray. PRAIRIE ORCHIS. 13°-3° high: leaves oblong-lanceolate : lip 6’’-7’’ long, 3-parted, copiously fringed : spur 17-13’ long—Uncommon on moist prairies. Adams, Little Blue Tank, Lee’s Summit, Greenwood, Grand View, Levasy, Oak Grove. June. 4. POGONIA Juss. Low, few-flowered herbs with equal erect petals and sepals. Lip not spurred. Column elongated, club-shaped at summit. Anther-sacs par- allel. Pollinia one in each cell. 1. P. trianthophora (Sw.) B.S.P. Noppina@ Loa OrcHID. Stems 3/-8’ high, from tubers: leaves alternate, ovate-clasping, 3/’-6/’ long : flowers 1-4 in upper axils, 6’ long, whitish with pale purplish-white markings.—On logs in rich bottom woods; north of Courtney (1881); along the Blue south of Swope Park (1901). Very rare and local. An- gust-September. 5. GYROSTACHYS Pers. LADIES’ TRESSES. Herbs from fleshy tubers with whitish flowers in 1-3-ranked spikes. Sepals somewhat coherent. Lip embracing the column and with two callosities at base. Column oblique. Stigma prolonged into an acu- minate beak. Pollen masses one in each cell. Flowers three-ranked. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate. Leaves linear to linear-oblanceolate. Flowers in one spirally-twisted rank. Stem leafy at base. 3. G. praecox. Stem not leafy at base. 4. G. gracilis. 1. G. plantaginea (Raf.) Britton. 4/-9’ high: leaves 2-5, basal, 1’-4’ long : spike 2’ long: callosities absent or minute.—Rare and local in rich woods near Courtney and Atherton. September. ‘, plantaginea. . G. cernua. we 2 5 66 JUGLANDACEAE 2. G. cernua (L.) Kuntze. 6/-20’ high: leaves 4’-12’ long : spike 6’-7’ long : callosities prominent, hairy.—Occasional on a moist prairie south of Lee’s Summit. August-September. 3. G. praecox (Walt.) Kuntze. 9/-24’ high: leaves linear, 4/-12/ long : spike dense, much-twisted, downy-pubescent, 2/—5’ long : callos- ities rather small.—Wet grassy places along Missouri River at Courtney. Rare. July-September. 4. G. gracilis (Bigel.) Kuntze. 98’—20’ high from tuberous thickened roots : leaves withering away before flowering time: spikes 1/—23’ long : flowers very small: callosities nipple-shaped.—One plant in a dry open wood near Independence. September. 6. APLECTRUM Nutt. Scapose herbs from thick, globular bulbs. Leaf solitary. Flowers bracted, in terminal racemes. Petals and sepals similar. Lip not spurred, 3-ridged. Pollinia four. 1. A. spicatum (Walt.) B.S.P. ADAM-AND-EVE. Leaf ovate, strongly-nerved: racemes several-flowered: flower 1’ long, greenish brown, speckled with purple.—In rich woods. Courtney to Sibley and Levasy. Rare and loca]. June. Subclass 2. DICOTYLEDONES. Seeds with two cotyledons. Stems exogenous. Leaves usually pin- nately veined, and parts of flowers not usually in threes or sixes. FAMILY 28. JUGLANDACEAE Lindl. Trees with alternate, pinnate leaves and monoecious flowers. Stami- nate flowers in drooping, densely-flowered catkins, consisting of 3-many stamens surrounded by an unequally lobed calyx. Fertile flowers few or solitary, consisting of an inferior 2—4-celled, 1-ovuled and a regular 3-5- lobed calyx. Fruit a nut, enclosed in a husk. Stamens 8-40; husk indehiscent. 1. JUGLANS. Stamens 3-10; husk dehiscent. 2. HICORIA. 1. JUGLANS L. Bark fragrant. Calyx of staminate flowers 3-6-lobed. Pistillate flowers with a 4-lobed calyx and 4small petals. Nuts large, enclosed in a fibrous- fleshy husk. 1. J. nigra L. WaAtNvT. A large tree, sometimes 150° high: leaflets 7-11 pairs, lanceolate, pubescent beneath, serrulate: fruit spherical, the nut corrugated.—Abundant along streams. May-June. 2. HICORIA Raf. Calyx of staminate flowers, unequally 2-3-lobed. Pistillate flowers with a 4-lobed calyx and no petals. Nuts enclosed in a dry, more or less completely 4-valved husk. SALICACEAE 67 Bark of tree close and rough. Leaflets 11 or more. 1. H. Pecan. Leaflets 9 or less. Branchlets glabrous. Husk of fruit strongly ridged. 2. H. minima. Husk not ridged. 3. H. villosa. Branchlets strongly pubescent. 4. H. alba. Bark of tree exfoliating in long narrow plates. Nut 6’7-10” long. 5. H. ovata. Nut 12/’’-18” long. 6. H. laciniosa. 1. H. Pecan (Michx.) Britton. PECAN. Bud-scales valvate : leaf- lets usually 11, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, strongly falcate, glabrate : husk thin, tardily splitting, ridged}; nut oblong-elliptic, not ridged, with thin shell : seed sweet.—Four trees along a creek southwest of Lone Jack. Reported elsewhere. 2. H. minima (Marsh.) Britton. PiGNuT. Bud-scales 6-8, valvate : leaflets usually 7, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, the lateral one falcate, strongly resinous and glandular beneath : husk thin, tardily splitting : nut-shell thin: seed bitter.—A common forest tree. May-June. 3. H. villosa (Sarg.) Ashe. PiGNuT. Bud-scales 6-8, imbricated, the outer resinous-dotted : leaflets 5-9, more or less pubescent and resinous- dotted : fruit obovoid, 1’ or more long, splitting nearly to the base: nut thin-shelled, angled.—Frequent in dry woods in the eastern part. May— June. 4. H. alba (L.) Britton. MockeEr-NuT. Bark fragrant: bud-scales 8-10, large, imbricated : leaflets 7-9, oblong-lanceolate to obovate : husk thick, soon splitting : nut thick-shelled, pointed at the summit.—A com- mon forest tree. May-June. 5. H. ovata (Mill.) Britton. SHELL-BARK Hickory. Bud-scales 8— 10, imbricated : leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate to obovate, very sparingly glandular beneath: husk thick, splitting soon : seed sweet.—A common forest tree. May—June. 6. H. laciniosa ( Michx. f.) Sarg. KING-NuT. Like the last but leaf- lets 7-9, more downy, strongly glandular beneath: fruit 2’/-3’ long, with a very thick husk: nut thick-shelled and pointed at both ends.—In rich bottoms throughout but never common. May—June. FAmILy 29. SALICACEAE Lindl. Trees or shrubs with dioecious flowers in catkins, and alternate stipu- late leaves. Flowers solitary in axils of bracts, without floral envelopes. Staminate flowers consisting of 1-many stamens, the pistillate of a 1-celled ovary, bearing many ovules on 2-4 parietal placentae. Stigmas 2. Style small or absent. Seeds provided with long silky down. Bracts lacerate ; stamens numerous. 1. POPULUS. Bracts entire ; stamens 2-10. 2. SALIX. 68 SALICACEAE 1. POPULUS L. Trees with broad leaves. Buds scaly, resinous covered. Filaments distinct. Ovary sessile. Stigmas 2-4, elongated. Capsule 2-4-valved. Leaves white, tomentose beneath. 1. P. alba. Leaves green beneath. 2. P. deltoides. 1. P.alba L. SILVER-LEAF PopLAR. A tree often 100° high: leaves ovate-orbicular, sinuate toothed, white-tomentose beneath : capsules on short pedicels.—Cultivated and spreading by suckers. Independence, Raytown. April. 2. P.deltoides Marsh. CoTToON-woopD. 50°-150° high : leaves broadly deltoid, abruptly acuminate, crenulate: petiole laterally flattened : cap- sules long-pedicelled.—Common in river bottoms. April. 2. SALIX L. WILLOW. Trees or shrubs with narrow leaves. Buds covered by a single scale. Filaments distinct or united. Ovary sessile or short stipitate. Stigmas 2, short. Capsule 2-valved. Catkins appearing after the leaves. Stamens three to five. Leaves green on both sides. 1. S. nigra. Leaves glaucous, whitened beneath. Leaves 7’” or less wide. 2. S. longipes. Leaves 6’’-14” wide. 3. S. amygdaloides. Stamens two. Leaves on petioles 2/’-4” long ; a tree. 4. S. alba vitellina. Leaves almost sessile: a shrub. 5. S. interior. Catkins appearing before the leaves. Capsule densely pubescent. 6. S. humilis. Capsule glabrous. 7. S. cordata. 1. S. nigra Marsh. BLACK WILLOW. 15°-100° high: leaves lanceo- late, long-attenuate, downy when young, at length green and glabrous except on the veins beneath, serrulate: petioles 1/’/-3” long: fruiting aments usually dense: capsules twice the length of their pedicels.— Common along streams. April-May. 2. S. longipes Shuttlw. A shrub or small tree: leaves lanceolate, long-acuminate, silvery-white and usually pubescent beneath, on petioles 1’’-7’ long : aments loosely flowered : capsules on pedicels of nearly their own length.—Rocky beds of streams throughout the western half, but not abundant. April-May. 3. S. amygdaloides Anders. Like S. longipes but with broader, long- petioled, nearly glabrous leaves: stipules small : aments loose : capsules on long filiform pedicels.—Common along streams, especially in the Missouri bottoms. April-May. 4. S. alba vitellina (L.) Koch. Wuitr WitiLow. 50°-90° high: leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous above when mature, whitish beneath, serrulate : aments closely flowered : capsules almost sessile. —Adventized occasionally near Sheffield and Independence. April—May. BETULACEAE 69 5. S. interior Rowlee. SAND-BAR WILLOW. 2°-25° high: leaves linear, remotely denticulate, glabrous, or silky-pubescent in the young shoots: aments linear, cylindric, dense: capsules short-pedicelled, hairy when young.—Extremely abundant on sand-bars along the Missouri River. May-July. 6. S. humilis Marsh. Low WiLLow. 2°-15° high: leaves oblanceo- late, short-petioled, rugose-veined and more or less tomentose beneath, with nearly entire, revolute margins: aments dense, sessile, 1’ long, ovoid- oblong: capsule short-pedicelled.—Prairies and barrens throughout. Often abundant. March-April. 7. S. cordata Muhl. A shrub 5°-12° high, the twigs glabrous or puberulent: leaves oblong-ianceolate, acuminate, serrate : stipules large : pistillate aments 13’-23’ long, linear : capsule 3-4 times the length of its pedicel.—Along streams east of Independence, along Brush Creek, at Kansas City, ete. March-April. Var. Missouriensis (Bebb) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. A shrub or tree 10°-50° high, often forming a large trunk with blackish bark : aments longer.—Common in rich soil along streams. Distinguished from the type by being larger throughout, more robust and having black bark. (S. Missouriensis Bebb. ) FAMILY 30. BETULACEAE Agardh. Trees or shrubs with alternate simple leaves and monoecious flowers mostly in aments. Staminate flowers in long drooping aments, 1-3 to- gether in axils of bracts, consisting of 2-10 stamens and no calyx (in ours). Pistillate aments spike-like or capitate with a 2-celled, 2-ovuled ovary. Fruit a 1-seeded nut. Pistillate flowers in aments. 1. OSTRYA. Pistillate flowers capitate. 2. CORYLUS. 1. OSTRYA Micheli. Small trees with very hard wood and leaves appearing after the flowers. Staminate flowers without bractlets at base. Nut small, enclosed in the large, inflated, oblong, sac-like bractlet. 1. O. Virginiana (Mill.) Willd. IRon Woop. 50° or less high: leaves oblong-ovate, petioled, sharply-serrate, strongly-nerved, slightly downy beneath.—Common in woods throughout. April-May. 2. CORYLUS Tourn. Hazen Not. Shrubs. Staminate flowers with two bractlets at base. Bractlets of pistillate flower two, enlarging in fruit and enclosing the ovoid, large, bony nut. Involucral bracts long-beaked. 1. C. rostrata. Involucral bracts not beaked. 2. CO. Americana. 70 FAGACEAE 1. C. rostrata Ait. BEAKED HAZEL Nout. Like the next, but smoother: involucral bracts united and prolonged into a beak twice as long as the nut.—Thickets in the northeastern part. April. 2. C. Americana Walt. HAzEL Nut. 3°-10° high, with ovate, pointed, serrulate leaves, downy beneath: involucral bracts jagged and incised at the apex, hardly united, not prolonged into a beak.—A com- mon under-shrub throughout. March—April. FAmiILy 31. FAGACEAE Drude. Trees or shrubs like the last, but pistillate flowers solitary or few, sub- tended by an involucre which in fruit forms a cup. Staminate flowers with a 4-7-lobed calyx, and 4-20 stamens. Ovary 3-7-celled, with 1-2 ovules in each, but only one ripening, in fruit forming a 1-seeded nut with a thick, bony husk. 1. QUERCUS L. Trees with varied leaves. Staminate flowers in aments. Calyx of staminate flowers usually 6-lobed. Ovary 3-celled, 6-ovuled. Fruit con- sisting of an acorn, subtended by a scaly-covered, hard involucre (cup). Several interesting hydrids occur. Leaves lobed, the lobes bristle-tipped. Leaves pinnately lobed. Cups of acorns saucer-shaped. Cups 8’/-12/” broad. 1. Q. rubra. Cups 5’’-8” broad. 2. Q. Teaana. Cups of acorns hemispheric. 3. Q. velutina. Leaves 3-5-lobed above the middle. 4. Q. Marylandica. Leaves entire. 5. Q. imbricaria. Leaves lobed but not bristle-tipped. Leaves brown-tomentulose beneath. 6. Q. minor. Leaves not brown-tomentulose beneath, Old leaves glabrous beneath. 7. Q. alba. Old leaves pabescent beneath. 8. Q. macrocarpa. Leaves crenate or dentate but not lobed. Leaves whitish-downy beneath. 9. Q. platanoides. Leaves smoothish beneath. Tree: leaves oblong or lanceolate. 10. Q. acuminata. Shrub: leaves obovate. 11. Q. prinoides. 1. Q. rubra L. RED OAK. Leaves oval to obovate in outline, 3-8’ long, 2/-6’ wide, slender-petioled, sinuate-pinnatifid to deeply pin- natifid, green and glabrous above when old, pubescent in axils of veins beneath : cup saucer-shaped, much broader than high, 8’’-12’ broad : acorn ovoid, 1’ long, 2-4 times the length of the cup.—A common forest tree. April-May. 2. Q. Texana Buckley. TeExXAs Rep OAK. Like the last but leaves glabrous, pinnatifid and bristle-tipped, smaller : cup 5’’—8’” broad : acorn less than 1’ long, 2-3 times length of the glabrous cup.—Along streams northeast of Independence and southeast of Grain Valley. Rare. April- May. ULMACEAE (3! 3. Q. velutina Lam. BLACK OAK. Leaves as in Q. Zexana but usually pubescent below along the veins even when mature, and 5-sided in outline, sometimes smooth : cup hemispheric, its scale somewhat squar- rose, yellowish floccose-pubescent: acorn 6/’—-12/ long, about twice the length of the cup.—A common tree, especially in the southern part. April-May. A form, common especially in the southern part, with leaves and petioles floccose-pubescent even in age and leaves intermediate between this species and Q. Marylandica is probably distinct. 4. Q. Marylandica Muench. BLACK JACK OAK. Leaves short- petioled, wedge-shaped at base, 3-5-lobed at the summit, the lobes toothed, rusty-pubescent beneath : cup 5’’-8” broad, deep, pubescent, half shorter than the acorn.—Common in barrens in the southern part. April—May. 5. Q. imbricaria Michx. SHINGLE OAK. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, thick, shining above and downy beneath, entire : cup 5’’—7’’ broad, acorn subglobose.—Common along streams. April-May. 6. Q. minor (Marsh.) Sarg. Post OAK. Leaves broadly obovate, yellowish-pubescent beneath, pinnatifid into 3-7 broad-toothed lobes: cup 6’’-8” broad, hemispheric, 1-33 times shorter than the acorn.—Com- mon in barrens, especially in the southern part. April-May. 7. Q. alba L. WHITE OAK. Leaves obovate, nearly glabrous, deeply sinuate-pinnatifid into 3-9, obtuse, often toothed lobes : cup 7/’-10” broad, depressed hemispherical, 1-3} times shorter than the acorn.—A common forest tree throughout. April-May. 8. @. macrocarpa Michx. Bur OAK. Leaves broadly ovate, white- pubescent beneath, irregularly lobed or pinnate : cup 8’’—-20’ wide, deep, the scales subulate tipped and forming a mossy fringe, sometimes cover- ing the acorn.—Common in rich soil. April-May. 9. Q. platanoides (Lam.) Sudw. SWAMP WHITE OAK. Leaves ob- ovate, wedge-shaped at base, sinuate-crenate above, white-downy beneath: cup long-peduncled (2-5 times length of petiole), hemispheric: acorn oblong-ovoid.—In low grounds around Sheffield and south of Oak Grove. April-May. 10. Q. acuminata (Michx.) Sarg. CHESTNUT OAK. Leaves oblong- lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sharply toothed: petioles 6’/-12’’ long : cup hemispheric, 5’’-8’’ broad, peduncled or sessile: acorn ovoid, twice as high as the cup.—A tall tree, common throughout. April-May. 11. Q. prinoides Willd. CHINQUAPIN OAK. A shrub 2°-15° high, very close to the last, but leaves broader and less toothed, on peti- oles 3’/’-4’” long.—Common in barrens, especially in the southern part. April-May. FAMILY 32. ULMACEAE Mirbel. Trees with alternate, stipulate leaves and clustered or solitary flowers. Calyx of 3-9 sepals. Stamens opposite sepils. Ovary superior, 1 celled. Ovule one, pendulous. Styles or stigmas two. Fruit a samara or drupe. 72 MORACEAE Flowers preceding leaves; fruit a samara. 1. ULMUS. Flowers with leaves; fruit a drupe. 2. CELTIS. 1. ULMUS L. Trees with serrate, strongly-veined, obovate, inequilateral leaves. Flowers perfect or polygamous, fascicled or racemose, on jointed pedicels. Samara winged all around. Flowers fascicled. Samara ciliate. 1. U. Americana. Samara smooth. 3. U. pubescens. Flowers racemose. 2. U. racemosa. 1. U. Americana L. WHITE Exim. Often 120° high ; branches not corky-winged : leaves smoothish above: flowers long-pedicelled.—Com- mon along streams. March-April. 2. U. racemosa Thomas. CoRK ExM. Like the last: branches often corky-winged : samaras densely ciliate.—In rocky woods along the Mis- souri River bluffs from Kansas City to Little Blue River. March-April. 3. U. pubescens Walt. SLIPPERY ELM. Sometimes 70° high: twigs and bud-scales pubescent: leaves rcugh-pubescent above: flowers short pedicelled.—A common forest tree. March-April. 2. CELTIS Tourn. HACKBERRY. Trees with pinnately-veined leaves and axillary polygamous flowers. Staminate flowers clustered. Fertile flowers one or two together and peduncled. Calyx 5-6-parted. Fruit a globular drupe. Leaves serrate. 1. C. occidentalis. Leaves entire. 2. C. Mississippiensis. 1. C. occidentalis L. A small or large tree with ovate or ovate-lance- olate, sharply serrate, inequilateral leaves: drupe 4’’-5’’ diameter.— Common along streams and bluffs. April-May. 2. C. Mississippiensis Bosc. A small tree with lanceolate-ovate, en- tire or nearly so, leaves: drupe 23’’-3’’ in diameter.—In bottoms along the Missouri River near Courtney and Sibley and on rocky hills near Westport and Independence. Local. April-May. Var. pumila (Pursh) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. 3°-8° high: leaves less taper pointed and drupe larger.—Rocky banks north of Lee’s Summit. (C. pumila Pursh. ) FAMILY 33. MORACEAE Lindl. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, small, axillary and clustered. Calyx 4—5-parted, the stamens as many as its lobes. Ovary 1-celled, superior, 1-ovuled. Trees or shrubs. Leaves serrate. 1. Morus. Leaves entire. 2. TOXYLON. A twining vine. HUMULUS. An erect herb. . CANNABIS. mw URTICACEAE 73 1. MORUS L. ' Small trees with milky juice and alternate leaves. Flowers in catkin- like spikes. Sepals and stamens four. Calyx becoming succulent in fruit, and the whole pistillate spike thickening into a juicy, oblong fruit. 1. M.rubra L. MULBERRY. Leaves ovate, heart-shaped, acuminate, serrate, downy beneath.—Frequent throughout in rich soil. April-May. 2. TOXYLON Raf. Small spiny trees with milky juice and alternate entire leaves. Pis- tillate flowers capitate, the staminate racemose. Sepals and stamens four. Calyces greatly enlarging in fruit, and forming a large, globular head. 1. T. pomiferum Raf. OSAGE ORANGE. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, thick and shining: fruit 2/-6’ in diameter.—Commonly used for hedges and often persistent after cultivation or spreading from the roots. 3. HUMULUS L. Twining rough vines with opposite leaves. Staminate flowers panicled, the pistillate in drooping spikes. Sepals in staminate flowers and stamens five. Pistillate flowers two together in axils of foliaceous bract, and cov- ered by a solitary sepal. 1. H. Lupulus L. Hop. Leaves heart-shaped at base, serrate or 3-5- lobed and serrate: calyx and achene resinous-aromatic.—Common in thickets along streams. July—October. 4. CANNABIS L. A stout herb with alternate leaves and dioecious flowers. Staminate flowers panicled, composed of 5 sepals and 5 stamens. Pistillate flowers spiked, clustered, consisting of a large foliaceous calyx folded around the sessile ovary. 1. C. sativa L. Hemp. 4°-12° high: leaves digitately 5-11-cleft, the linear-lanceolate divisions toothed.—Common in waste places. July- September. FaMILy 34. URTICACEAE Reichenb. Herbs with usually stipulate, petioled leaves and unisexual flowers. Calyx 2-5-cleft, the stamens as many as its lobes. Ovary superior, 1-celled, containing one erect ovule. Stigma simple. Fruit an achene. Leaves alternate. Herbs with stinging hairs. 2. URTICASTRUM. Herbs without stinging hairs. 5. PARIETARIA. Leaves opposite. Plant very glabrous. 3. ADICEA. Plant more or less hairy. Flowers in axillary compound panicles. 1. URTICA. Flowers glomerate in axillary spikes. 4. BOEHMEBRIA. 74 SANTALACEAE 1; URTICA LIL: Staminate flowers with a 4-parted calyx and four stamens. Pistillate calyx composed of four unequal segments, the two outer smaller. Herbs with stinging hairs. 1. U. gracilis Ait. SLENDER NETTLE. Sparingly stinging, 2°-8° high : leaves ovate lanceolate, sharply serrate, nearly glabrous. —Common in low grounds. June—October. 2. URTICASTRUM Fabr. Staminate flowers with five sepals, five stamens and a rudimentary ovary. Pistillate calyx composed of four sepals, the outer two minute. Achene very oblique. . 1. U. divaricatum (L.) Kuntze. Woop NETTLE. 2°-4° high: leaves ovate, sharply serrate, long-petioled : flower clusters large and loose : ultimate branches of panicle wing-margined.—A very stinging herb, common in rich woods. July-October. 3. ADICEA Raf. Staminate flowers with a 3-4-parted calyx, 3-4 stamens and a rudi- mentary ovary. Pistillate calyx composed of three sepals. Flowers in axillary clusters. 1. A. pumila (L.) Raf. CLEARWEED. Annual, 6’—20’ high, succu- lent : leaves slender-petioled, ovate, wedge-shaped at base, and coarsely dentate above.—Common in moist shaded woods. August—October. 4. BOBHMERIA Jacq. Staminate flowers as in Adicea. Pistillate calyx tubular, entire, or 2-4-toothed, enclosing the ovary. 1. B. cylindrica (L.) Willd. FALSE NETTLE. A rough perennial, 1°-3° high: leaves ovate, 3-nerved, long-petioled, serrate, ciliate.—I1n low grounds near Lake City, Courtney and Sibley. Not common. July- October. 5. PARIETARIA L. Staminate flowers as in Adicea. Pistillate calyx 4-lobed. Flowers in- termixed in involucrate-bracted axillary clusters. 1. P. Pennsylvanica Muh]. PELLITORY. A low weak annual, 6/-12’ high with entire, 3-nerved, oblong-lanceolate, ciliate and dotted leaves: bracts 2-3 times the length of the flowers, ciliate —Common in dry woods. May-October. Famity 35. SANTALACEAE R. Br. Plants with entire leaves. Calyx 3-6-lobed, its lobes valvate. Sta- mens as many as calyx lobes and opposite them, inserted on a disk near their base. Ovary inferior, 1 celled, bearing 3-4 ovules, pendulous from the summit of the central placentae. POLYGONACEAE 75 1. COMANDRA Nutt. Herbs with alternate lanceolate leaves and perfect flowers in umbel- like clusters. Calyx 5-lobed. Anthers attached to calyx lobes by a tuft of hairs. 1. C. umbellata (L.) Nutt. BAsTARD ToAD FLAX. 67-18’ high: calyx greenish- white : fruit globular, urn-shaped.—Common on prairies and in dry woods, especially in the southern part. April-May. FAMILY 36. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Blume. Herbs with perfect flowers. Calyx valvate in bud and coherent with base of ovary, its limb 3-lobed. Ovary 6-celled, many-seeded. Stamens 6-12, epigynous. Stamens twelve. 1. ASARUM. Stamens six. 2. ARISTOLOCHIA. 1. ASARUM L. Acaulescent perennials with long, running rootstocks, and few cordate- orbicular leaves. Flowers axillary, peduncled. Calyx regular. 1. A. reflexum Bicknell. W1ILp GINGER. Leaves orbicular-reniform, 2/5’ across: sepals brownish-purple, 4/’-5’ long, triangular, about the length of the tube, with a tip 1/’-2’” long —Common in rich woods. April-May. 2. ARISTOLOCHIA L. Caulescent perennials with alternate leaves and irregular flowers. Calyx tubular. 1. A. Serpentaria L. VIRGINIA SNAKEROOT. 67-12’ high: leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, cordate at base: flowers on slender basal scaly branches, the calyx bent like a letter S and enlarged at the throat and base.—In dry woods from Fairmount Park to Courtney. Not common. May-June. FAMILY 37. POLYGONACEAE Lindl. Herbs with alternate leaves and sheathing stipules. Flowers perfect or dioecious. Calyx with 2-6 lobes. Stamens 2-12. Ovary superior, 1-celled, containing one ovule. Styles or stigmas 2-3. Fruit an achene. Sepals six. 1. RUMEX. Sepals five or four. Leaves hastate ; plants climbing. 3. POLYGONUM. Leaves hastate ; plants erect. 2. FAGOPYRUM. Leaves not hastate ; plants erect. 3. POLYGONUM. 1. RUMEX L. Flowers in panicled racemes. Sepals six, the three outer not changed in fruit, the three inner usually enlarging and one or all bearing a tubercle at base. Stamens six, styles three. Stigmas tufted. 76 POLYGONACEAE Leaves hastate. 1. R. Acetosella. Leaves not hastate. Sepals bristle-bearing. 8. R. persicarioides. Sepals not bristle-bearing. Sepals 3’’ broad or mere in fruit. 5. R. Patientia. Sepals less than 3” broad in fruit. Tubercle usually one. Sepals spiny. 7. R. obtusifolius. Sepals not spiny. 4. R. altissimus. Tubercles usually three. Leaves wavy-margined. 6. R. crispus. Leaves not wavy-margined. Pedicels about length of fruiting calyx. 2. R. salicifolius. Pedicels 3-5 times length of fruiting calyx. 3. R. verticillatus. 1. R. Acetosella L. SHEEP SORREL. Dioecious, 6’-15/ high: leaves lanceolate-hastate : fruit not winged.— Not uncommon in fields and waste places. May-June. 2. R. salicifollus Weinm. WHITE Dock. Glabrous, 1°-5° high : leaves oblong-lanceolate.—Common on sand-bars along the Missouri River and in waste places. May-October. 3. R. verticillatus L. Swamp Dock. 3°-5° high: leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate.—Frequent in swamps near Lake City and Sibley. May-August. 4. R.altissimus Wood. TALL Dock. 2°-4° high, very glabrous : leaves oblong-lanceolate: pedicels about the length of the fruiting calyx. —Common in waste places and moist grounds. May-July. 5. R. Patientia LL. PatiIENcCE Dock. 3°-5° high: leaves large, the lower ovate-oblong, the upper oblong-lanceolate: pedicels 2-4 times the length of fruiting calyx: tubercle one.—Along the railroad near Pixley’s Switch. Rare. Abundant near Argentine and Nearman, Kansas. May- July. 6. R.crispus L. CurLED Dock. 1°-4° high: leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate : pedicels 1-2 times the length of fruiting calyx.— Very abundant in waste places. May-July. : 7. R. obtusifolius L. Birrer Dock. 1°-4° high: leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, cordate or rounded at base: pedicels longer than fruiting calyx.— Common in waste places. May-July. 8. R. persicarioides L. River Dock. 8-24’ high, pubescent: leaves long-lanceolate, wavy-margined: racemes leafy-bracted: flowers densely whorled: pedicels slightly longer than fruiting calyx: tubercles three.— Common on sand-bars along the Missouri River. May—October. 2. FAGOPYRUM Gaertn. Annuals. Sepals five. Stamens eight. Styles three. Stigmas capi- tate. Achene triangular, longer than the calyx. Flowers in racemose panicles. POLYGONACEAE 77 1. F. esculentum Moench. BuCKWHEAT. 1°-2° high, smoothish: flowers whitish: achene smooth.—Occasionally occurs along railroads and in waste places. July-August. 3. POLYGONUM L. Herbs prostrate, erect or twining. Leaves continuous with or jointed to the stipules (ochreae). Calyx 4-5-parted. Stamens 5-9. Styles 2-3- parted orcleft. Fruita lenticular or triangular achene. Probably includes several distinct genera. Plants not twining. Flowers in terminal racemes. T. Smartweed. Lower flowers, at least, in axillary clusters. II. Knotweed. Plants twining. JOG Ie Calyx 5-parted. Ochreae not bristle-bearing. Perennials. 1. P. emersum. Annuals. Peduncles almost smooth. 2 Peduncles very glandular. Style-branches barely exserted. 3. P. Pennsylvanicum. Style-branches long-exserted. 4. P. longistylum. Ochreae bristle-bearing. Racemes thick ; not interrupted. . P. lapathifolium. Plant glabrous to puberulent. 5. P. Persicaria. Plant hispid. 9. P. orientale. Racemes slender ; usually interrupted. Ochreae strigose. 6. P. hydropiperoides. Ochreae smooth. Racemes usually drooping. 7. P. Hydropiper. Racemes erect. 8. P. punctatum. Calyx 4-parted. 10. P. Virginianum. Mis Plants prostrate. 11. P. aviculare. Plants erect or ascending. Leaves oblong or oval. 12. P. erectum. Leaves lanceolate to linear. Achene twice the length of the calyx. 13. P. exsertum. Achene enclosed, or nearly so, by calyx. 1° or more high. 14. P. ramossissimum. 1° or less high. 15. P. tenue. Ill. Stems not prickly. Calyx not wing-margined in fruit. 16. P. Convolvulus. Calyx strongly wing-margined in fruit. 17. P. scandens. Stems prickly. 18. P. sagittatum. 1. P. emersum (Michx.) Britton. 1°-3° high, usually hairy : leaves ovate-lanceolate: spikes 1-2, 1/-3’ long: flowers bright rose color.— Common in swampy ground. 2. P. lapathifolium L. 1°-3° high, smooth : leaves lanceolate, 2/-5/ long : spikes erect, 1/-2’ long : flowers white or pink : stamens 6.—Infre- quently occurs in waste places. 78 POLYGONACEAE Var. incarnatum (Ell.) S. Wats. Much larger, often 5° high : leaves often 8’ long and spikes 2’—3’ long, somewhat nodding.-—Common in open moist ground. 3. P. Pennsylvanicum L. Like the last, but peduncles and pedicels very glandular, glabrous below: spikes oblong, dense, 1’—2’ long : stamens 8.—Very abundant in low grounds. 4. P.longistylum Small. Resembles P. Pennsylvanicum, but the spikes are longer (1/—4’ long) and less dense, the calyx is larger, and the styles are long-exserted.—Low grounds near Atherton. Local. 5. P. Persicaria L. Peduncles and pedicels not glandular and ochreae fringed with short bristles. Otherwise closely resembles P. Pennsylva- nicum.—Frequent in waste places. July—October. 6. P. hydropiperoides Michx. Perennial, 1°-3° high, glabrous or stri- gillose : leaves narrowly lanceolate : ochreae fringed with long bristles: spikes erect, slender and usually interrupted below: achene sharply triangular.—Wet prairies near Lake City and Sibley. Locally common. July—October. 7. P. Hydropiper L. Annual, 1°-2° high, smooth : leaves lanceolate, punctate: ochreae fringed with short bristles: spikes nodding, slender and interrupted : achene triangular or lenticular: stamens 4 or 6.—In waste places. Not uncommon. July-September. 8. P. punctatum Ell. Annual or perennial, 1°-4° high, smooth : leaves lanceolate, punctate: ochreae fringed with long bristles: spikes erect, loosely flowered : achene triangular or lenticular.—Rather common in wet woods. Var. leptostachyum (Meisn ) Small. Plant smaller: spikes much interrupted and more loosely flowered.—Very common in damp woods. 9. P. orientale L. 3°-8° high, hispid: leaves broadly ovate, acumi- nate: ochreae short-ciliate: spikes numerous, dense and finally droop- ing: flowers large, rose-colored.—Rarely escaped from gardens near In- dependence, Lone Jack and Adams. August-October. 10. P. Virginianum L. Annual, 2°-5° high, nearly smooth, but ochreae strigose: leaves ovate, acuminate: spikes very long, slender and interrupted : flowers greenish-white.—Common in rich woods. August-— October. 11. P. aviculare L. Prostrate and widely spreading: leaves oblong to lanceolate, acutish, 3’’-10’’ long: ochreae silvery: flowers small: style 3-parted to near the base : stamens 5-8.—Abundant in waste places. Var. littorale (Link. ) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. Leaves obtusish, and style 3-parted at the base—Common in waste places. (P. litlorale Link. ) 12. P.erectum L. Stout, erect, 1°-2° high: leaves oval to oblong, 6//-20/” long, rather obtuse: stamens usually six: achene included or almost so.—Common in woods and waste grounds. August—October. CHENOPODIACEAE 19 13. P. exsertum Small. Annual, 1°-3° high: leaves lanceolate, acute, short-petioled : stamens 5-6: achene 2-3 times the length of the calyx.—Muddy banks of Rock Creek near its mouth, and near Indepen- dence. Not common. August-September. 14. P. ramosissimum Michx. Annual, 1°-4° high: leaves linear- lanceolate, acute, short-petioled: stamens 6: achene sometimes slightly exserted.—Common in open grounds. August-Septemb:r. 15. P. tenue Michx. Annual, 4’-12’ high, slender: leaves linear- lanceolate, acute, short-petioled : flowers erect: stamens 8: achene in- cluded.—On wet hillsides north of Lee’s Summit and south of Grain Valley. Local.’ July-September. 16. P. Convolvulus L. Ciimpinc BuckKWHEatT. Annual, twining or procumbent, scurfy: leaves ovate-sagittate: flowers in pedicelled clusters: outer calyx lobes keeled, but not winged.—Frequent in waste places and along railroads. June-August. 17. P.scandens L. CLIMBING BUCKWHEAT. Perennial, strongly climbing, smooth: leaves ovate cordate at base, long-petioled : racemes numerous, panicled and leafy: outer calyx lobes strongly winged, 5’’—6’’ long.—Abundant in thickets. July-October. 18. P. sagittatum L. TEAR THUMB. Annual: stems climbing, thickly covered with sharp-reflexed prickles: leaves lanceolate-sagittate, short-petioled : flowers in capitate clusters.—In bogs near Buckner and Sibley. Locally abundant. July—October. FAMILy 38. CHENOPODIACEAE Dumort. Weedy herbs with alternate, non-stipulate leaves. Flowers small, greenish, without scarious bracts. Calyx 2-5-lobed or parted, or of but one sepal. Stamens as many as calyx lobes, or sometimes fewer. Ovary superior, 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Styles or stigmas 1-5. Fruit a utricle, with a thin or thick covering (pericarp). Leaves not rigid and spiny tipped. Pistillate flowers not enclosed by bractlets. Sepals three to five. Fruiting calyx strongly winged. 2. CYCLOLOMA. Fruiting calyx not strongly winged. Leaves not linear and ciliate. 1. CHENOPODIUM. _ Leaves linear and ciliate. 5. KocuiA. Sepals solitary. Leaves toothed. 3. MONOLEPIS. Leaves entire. 6. CORISPERMUM. Pistillate flowers enclosed by two bractlets. 4, ATRIPLEX. Leaves rigid and spiny tipped. 7. SALSOLA. 1. CHENOPODIUM L. Weeds with perfect sessile flowers in panicled clusters. Sepals and stamens each 3-5. Styles 2-3. Calyx lobes enveloping the fruit, which is enclosed by a thin covering (pericarp). 80 CHENOPODIACEAE Plants not glandular nor aromatic. Pericarp easily separated from the seed. Calyx lobes barely keeled. 2. C. Boscianum. Calyx lobes strongly keeled. Leaves linear to oblong. Leaves triangular-hastate. Pericarp separated from‘seed with difficulty. Leaves coarsely 2-8-toothed. Leaves sinuate to incised. | C. leptophyllum. . C. Fremorntii incanum. co Pw . C. hybridum. Sepals strongly keeled. 1. C. album. Sepals not keeled in fruit. Leaves white-glaucous beneath. t(- glaucum. Leaves green on boch sides. Seeds with rounded margins. Seeds with acute margins. Plants glandular or aromatic. urbicum. C. C. C. murale, C. Cc. Don Leaves sinuate-pinnatifid. 9: Botrys. Leaves repand-dentate to incised. Flowers in leafy spikes. 10. ambrosioides. Flowers in leafless spikes. 11. C. anthelminticum. 1. C. album L. Piaweep. Erect annual, 6’-10° high, mealy : leaves rhombic-ovate to linear-lanceolate, at least the lower usually angu- late-toothed, acuminate to obtuse : spikes in terminal clusters.—Abun- dant in waste places. May-November. A form with linear entire leaves occurring in the southern part and apparently native may be distinct. Var. viride (L.) Mog. Plant not mealy: leaves obtuse or acute.— Infrequent in waste places. Var. Berlandieri (Moq.) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. Plant not mealy : leaves cuspidate or bristle-tipped.—Abundant in waste places. (C. Berlandieri Mog. ) 2. C. Boscianum Mog. Woop PIGWEED. 1°-4° high, not mealy : leaves oblong-lanceolate, slender-petioled, nearly entire: flowers in slender, terminal spikes on widely diverging branches.—Common in woods and thickets. July—October. 3. C. leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. NARROW-LEAVED PIGWEED. Annual, 6-30’ high, more or less mealy : leaves linear to oblong-linear, entire : branches erect: flowers densely clustered.—Infrequent along rail- roads and in sandy soil throughout. May-October. Var. oblongifolium S. Wats. Leaves oblong.—With the type but much more common. 4. C. Fremontii incanum S. Wats. PRAIRIE PIGWEED. Annual, about 6’ high, erect, mealy : leaves broadly triangular-hastate, sinuate- dentate, densely mealy on both sides: spikes slender, axillary and ter- minal.—Has been found as a waif at Courtney: also at Armstrong, Kansas. July-September. 5. C. urbicum L. City Priaweep. Dull green annual, 1°-3° high, not mealy, erect: leaves triangular-ovate, irregularly dentate: spikes terminal and axillary, the upper longer than the leaves. —Waste places in Kansas City and Sheffield. Not common. June-September. CHENOPODIACEAE 81 6. C. murale L. SOWBANE. Resembles the last but usually decum- bent : leaves more sharply toothed : spikes not longer than the leaves — Streets of Westport and Independence. Locally common. June-Sep- tember. 7. C.glaucum L. SPREADING PIGWEED. Glaucous-mealy, spread- ing: leaves oblong, sinuate-toothed, strongly glaucous-mealy beneath : flowers insmall axillary spikes.—Sand-bars along the Missouri River near Courtney. Rare. June—October. 8. C. hybridum L. MAPLE-LEAVED PIGWEED. 2°-8° high : leaves large, thin, ovate, truncate or rounded at base, long-acuminate, with 1-4 deep teeth on each side: flowers in large diffuse panicles.—Abundant in woods and waste places throughout. July—October. 9. C. Botrys L. FEATHER GERANIUM. Annual, 67-24’ tall, glan- dular-pubescent and viscid: leaves slender-petioled, oblong, sinuate- pinnatifid : flowers small, in axillary, cymose, leafless panicles.—Streets of Independence, and at Sheffield. Rare. June-September. 10. C. ambrosioides L. MEXICAN TEA. Nearly smooth, but strongly-scented, 2°-4° high : leaves oblong-lanceolate, repand-dentate, short-petioled : flowers in dense axillary and terminal leafy spikes.— Common around dwellings. July—October. 11. C. anthelminticum L. WoRMSEED. Resembles the last but leaves more strongly toothed and spikes not leafy.—Around dwellings at Courtney, Independence and near Atherton, July—October. 2. CYCLOLOMA Moq. A diffusely branching annual with alternate, sinuate-toothed leaves. Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes strongly keeled, surrounded by a continuous, horizontal, scarious wing. LC: atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. WINGED PIGWEED. 6/-3° high : leaves somewhat arachnoid-pubescent.—Sandy places in the Mis- souri River bottoms. Rather common. July-October. 3. MONOLEPIS Schrad. Low annuals with flowers in axillary sessile clusters. Sepall. Stamen 1. Styles 2. 1. M. Nuttalliana (R. & S.) Greene. 3/-12’ high, prostrate-spread- ing: leaves lanceolate, 3-lobed, the middle lobe much the longest : flow- ers sessile.—Sparingly adventized along the railroad near Pixley’s Switch ; also at Argentine, Kansas. April-September. 4. ATRIPLEX L. Flowers dioecious or monoecious, axillary or in spikes. Staminate flowers with 3-5 sepals, 3-5 stamens, and no bracts. Pistillate flowers consisting of a solitary pistil, enclosed in two foliaceous bracts. 6 82 AMARANTHACEAE 1. A. hastata L. SPREADING ORACHE. Rather spreading, 1°-2° high, scurfy : leaves broadly triangular-hastate, nearly entire: flowers in panicled, interrupted leafless spikes, or axillary: sides of fruiting bractlets tubercled.—In waste places at Westport, Independence and Greenwood. Uncommon. July-October. 5. KOCHIA Roth. Erect herbs with narrow, entire leaves and flowers in axillary clusters. Calyx 5-lobed, membranous, somewhat winged in fruit. Embryos of seed annular. 1. K. Scoparia (L.) Roth. Annual, 1°-3° high, pubescent above : utricle usually flat.—Along Independence Ave., Kansas City, near east end of car line. A fewclumps. August-October. 6. CORISPERMUM L. Much branched herbs, with flowers solitary in axils of the upper bract- like leaves, and forming dense terminal spikes. Calyx of a solitary, thin sepal. Stamens 1-3. Pericarp adherent to seed. 1. C. hyssopifolium L. BuG SEED. 1°-3° high: lower leaves linear, the upper ovate-lanceolate.—Sand-bars along the Missouri River near Courtney. Rare. Also opposite Kansas City in Clay County. July-— September. 7. SALSOLA L. Flowers perfect, sessile, 2-bracteolate. Calyx 5-parted, appendaged by a broad horizontal wing. Stamens 5. Styles 2. 1. S. Tragus L. RvusstAn TuistLte. @ _ WR OR TK WO TIOCDHY RN ONRK KF OR KF DW 20 2 Number of Varieties. Name of Family. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. fpr 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. ide 78. 79. 80. 8h 82. Amaranthaceae Phytolaccaceae Nyctaginiaceae Aizoaceae Portulacaceae Caryophyllaceae Nym phaeaceae Ceratophyllaceae Anonaceae Ranunculaceae Berberidaceae Menispermaceae Papaveraceae Cruciferae Capparidaceae Crassulaceae Saxifragaceae Grossulariaceae Platanaceae Rosaceae Pomaceae Drupaceae Mimosaceae Caesalpiniaceae Papilionaceae Geraniaceae Oxalidaceae Linaceae Zygophyllaceae Rutaceae Simarubaceae Polygalaceae Euphorbiaceae Callitrichaceae Anacardiaceae Celastraceae Staphyleaceae Aceraceae Hippocastanaceae Balsaminaceae Rhamnaceae Vitaceae Tiliaceae Malvaceae SUMMARY N umber of Genera. Be we ee Ep _ — YIRPRrP DDH ER a i Ar wWwnrRrrerrPnNnrRPrPoRrP ee RP eer ORD DW WOHHHDW DW Number of Species. ~ — FPO ArFEHAaAH RH —E @ ra SCF AWNRrP RRP NYNTN ON HHH weR wD _ 211 Number of Varieties. 2 1 212 Name of Family. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. ib 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. alse 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. Hypericaceae Elatinaceae Cistaceae Violaceae Loasaceae Cactaceae Ly thraceae Onagraceae Haloragidaceae Araliaceae Umbelliferae Cornaceae Monotropaceae Primulaceae Ebenaceae Oleaceae Gentianaceae A pocynaceae Asclepiadaceae Convolvulaceae Cuscutaceae Polemoniaceae Hydrophyllaceae Boraginaceae Verbenaceae Labiatae Solanaceae Scrophulariaceae Lentibulariaceae Orobanchaceae Bignoniaceae Marty niaceae Acanthaceae Phrymaceae Plantaginaceae Rubiaceae Caprifoliaceae Valerianaceae Cucurbitaceae Campanulaceae Cichoriaceae Ambrosiaceae Compositae SUMMARY Number of Genera. ~ _ We rPWRASCWHW DNPYNKPWK KH WR RBH RP QPP Dorr WwWWWNDeH cal o|+ coin wowwreapere ewe Number of Species. ou = Rr OD © WH WD wo wre Dew wd _ — ODRWFEFAODW WwW oH oo = Wr W So O — OS©Oonnwnnvo ts We 132 1,141 Number of Varieties. &| —!iore ABBREVIATIONS OF THE NAMES OF AUTHORS. A. Br. Braun, A. Adans. Adanson, M. Ait. Aiton, Wm. Ait. f. Aiton, W. T. All. -Allioni, C. Anders. Andersson, N. J. Andr. Andrews, H. C. Andrz. Andrzejowski, A. L. Ard. Arduino, L. Arnt. Arnott, G. A. W. Aubl. Aublet, J. B. C. F. Beauv. Palisot de Beauvois, A. M. Bed: Benth. Bentham, G. Bernh. Bernhardi, J. J. Bess. Besser, U.S. J. S. von. Bigel. Bigelow, J. Bisch. Bischoff, G. W. Boehm. Boehmer, G. R. Borck. Borckhausen, M. B. Brit. Britton, N. L. B.S.P. Britton, N. L.; Stearns, E. A.; Poggenburg, J. Cass. Cassini, H. Cav. Cavanilles, A. J. Clayt. Clayton, John. Coult. Coulter, J. M. C. & R. Coulter, J. M., and Rose, JEONE Darl. Darlington, W. Davenp. Davenport, G. E. DC. DeCandolle, A. P. A.DC. DeCandolle, A. Dec. Decaisne, J. Desf. Desfontaine, R. L. Desvy. Desvaux, N. A. Dietr. Dietrich, D. N. F. Dougl. Douglas, D. Dufr. Dufresne, P. Dumortier, B. C. Eat. Eaton, A. Ehrh. Ebrhart, F. Ell. Elliott, S. Engelm. Engelmann, G. Fabr. Fabricius, P. K. Foug. Fougeroux, A. D. Forsk. Forskal, P. Forst. Forster, J. R. Fresen. Fresenius, J. B. G. W. Gaertn. Gaertner, J. Gmel. Gmelin, S.G. Gmel., J. F. Gmelin, J. F. Griseb. Grisebach, H. R. A. Gronov. Gronovius, J. F. Hack. Hackel, E. Hall. Haller, Albert von. Hamilt. Hamilton, W. Hassk. Hasskarl, J. C. H.B.K. Humboldt, F. A. von; Bonpland, A., and Kunth, C.S. Hitch. Hitchcock, A. S. Hoffimg. Hoffmansegg, J. C. Hook. Hooker, W. J. H. & A. Hooker, W. J., and Ar- nott, G. A. W. Hook. f. Hooker, J. D. Jacq. Jacquin, N. J. Juss. Jussieu, A. L. A. Juss. Jussieu, A. de. Karst. Karsten, H. Kl. Klotsch, J. F. L. Linnaeus, C., or C. von Linne. L’Her. L’Heritier de Brutelle, C. L. Lag. Lagasca, M. ams Gamarcks)Jesbo Ae be Mie Lehm. Lehmann, J. G. C. Less. Lessing, C. F. Lindl. Lindley, John. Loefl. Loefling, P. MacM. MacMillan, C. Marsh. Marshall, H. Mart. Martens, M. Mart. & Gal. Martens, M., and Galeotti, H. Medic. Medicus, F. C. Meisn. Meisner, C. F. Michx. Michaux, A. Michx. f. Michaux, F. A. Mill. Miller, P. Millsp. Millspaugh, C. F. Mog. Moquin-Tandon A. Muell. Arg. Muller, J., of Aar- gau. Muench. Muenchhausen, O. von. Muhl. Muhlenberg, H. L. Neck. Necker, N. J. de. Nees. Nees von Esenbeck. Nutt. Nuttall, T. P. Br. Browne, P. 210 214 ABBREVIATIONS OF THE NAMES OF AUTHORS Pers. Persoon, C. H. Seub. Seubert, M. Planch. Planchon, J. E. Shuttlw. Shuttleworth, R. Poir. Poiret, J. L. M. Soland. Solander, D. Poll. Pollich, J. A. Spreng. Sprengel, K. R. Br. Brown, R. Steud. Steudel, E. G. Raf. Rafinesque-Schmaltz, C. 8. Sudw. Sudworth, G. B. Reichenb. Reichenbach, H.G. L. Sw. Swartz, Olof. Richards. Richardson, J. 8S. Wats. Watson, Sereno. R. &S. Roemer, J. J.,andSchultes, Thunb. Thunberg, C. P. J. A. Torr. ‘Torrey, J. Rottb. Rottboell, C. F. T. & G. Torrey, J., and Gray, A. R. & P. Ruiz, L. H., and Pavon, J. Torr. & Hook. Torrey, J., and Rydb. Rydberg, P. A. Hooker, W. J. Sarg. Sargeant, C. S. Tourn. Tournefort, J. P. de. Schk. Sehkuhr, C. Trin. Trinius, K. B. Schleich. Schleicher, J. C. Tuckerm. Tuckerman, E. Schleid. Schleiden, M. J. Underw. Underwood, L. M. Schrad. Schrader, H. A. Vent. Ventenat, E. P. Schreb. Schreber, J. C. D. von Wahl. Wahlenberg, G. Schult. Schultes, J. A. Walp. Walpers, W. G. Schwein. Schweinitz, L. D. von. Walt. Walter, T. Scop. Scopoli, J. A. Wats. Watson, S. Seribn. Scribner, F. L. Weinm. Weinmann. S. & B. Scribner and Ball. Willd. Willdenow, C. L. S. & S. Seribner and Smith. GLOSSARY. Acaulescent. Apparently stemless. Accumbent. Edges of cotyledon folded against radicle. Achene. A dry 1-celled, 1-seeded fruit with tight-fitting pericarp. Acicular. Needle-shaped. Acuminate. Long-tapering at the end. Acute. Sharp-pointed at the end, but not tapering. Adnate. Attached. Adventive. Not native and but imperfectly naturalized. Alate. Winged. Albumen. Nutritive material around the embryo of a seed, Alliaceous. Onion-like. Alternate. Not opposite. Ament. A dense, usually elongated, cluster of imperfect bracted flowers. Amphitropous. When the oyule is partly inverted. Amplexicaul. Clasping the stem. Anastomosing. Forming a net-work. Anatropous. Ovule inverted so that the micropyle is close to the hilum. -androus. In composition, stamens. Angiospermous. Seeds borne within a pericarp. Annual. A plant of one year’s duration. Winter Annual when the seed ger- minates in the fal] and the plant matures the following season. Annular. Ring-shaped. Anther. The upper portion of the stamen containing the pollen. Antherid. The male reproductive organ in the higher eryptogams. Apetalous. Without petals. Apical. Situated at the apex. Apiculate. Ending in a minute tip. Appressed. Lying close against. Aquatic. Growing in water. Arachnoid. Cobwebby. Arborescent. Tree-like. Archegone. The female reproductive organ in the higher cryptogams. Areolate. Surface divided into small spaces by veinlets. Aril. A seed appendage growing near the hilum. Arillate. Having an aril. Aristate. Tipped by an awn or bristle. Aristulate. Diminutive of aristate. Articulate. Jointed. Ascending. Rising obliquely. Attenuate. Becoming very slender. Auricle. An ear-shaped appendage. Auricled. Possessing auricles. Awn. A slender bristle-shaped appendage. Axil. The angle formed where a leaf or branch unites with the stem. 215 216 GLOSSARY Axillary. Situated in an axil. Axis. The central support of a group of organs. Barbed. Furnished with short usually reflexed bristles. Barbellate. Minutely barbed. Beaked. Ending in a stout elongated tip. Berry. A fruit with a fleshy pericarp. Bidentate. Having two teeth. Biennial. A plant of two years’ duration. Bilabiate. With two lips. Bipinnate. Twice pinnate. Blade. The expanded portion of the leaf. Bract. A usually diminutive leaf subtending a flower or group of flowers. Bracteate. Possessing bracts. Bracteolate. Possessing bractlets. Bractlet. A small or secondary bract. Bristle. A stiff hair. Bud. An unexpanded or undeveloped leaf, branch or flower. Bulb. A fleshy scaly leaf-bud, usually underground. Bulblet. A small bulb. Caducous. Early falling off. Caespitose. Growing in tufts. Callosity. A small hard protuberance. Callus. A callosity. Calyculate. With bracts subtending the flower imitating an outer calyx. Calyx. The outer floral envelope. Campanulate. Shaped like a bell. Campylotropous. A much incurved seed or ovule. Canescent. Covered with gray or hoary usually short fine hairs. Capitate. In a dense head-like cluster. Capsule. A dry dehiscent fruit with two or more carpels. Carinate. Longitudinally ridged or keeled. Carpel. The modified leaf forming the simple pistil, or one of the parts of the compound pistil. Cartilaginous. [Firm and tough like cartilage. Caruncle. Appendage to a seed growing near the hilum. Carunculate. Bearing a caruncle. Caryopsis. A one-celled one-seeded fruit with the thin pericarp adnate to the seed. Catkin. An ament. Caudate. Possessing a slender tail-like appendage. Caudicle. The stalk of a pollen mass. Caulescent. Having a stem. Cell. A cavity. Cespitose. Caespitose. Chaff. A dry and membranous scale. Channelled. With a deep longitudinal groove. Chartaceous. Thick papery in texture. Chlorophyll. The green coloring matter in plants. Ciliate. Fringed with marginal hairs. GLOSSARY 217 Ciliolate. Minutely ciliate. Cinereous. Ash-colored. Circinate. Rolled downward from the apex. Circumscissile. Dehiscent by a horizontal circular line. Clavate. Shaped like a club. Cleistogamous. Flowers fertilized in the bud without opening. Cleft. Cut about to the middle or to the middle of a half. Coalescent. United. Coma. A tuft of small hairs. Commissure. The surface of one carpel contiguous to the other carpel. Compound. Composed of two or more similar parts. Conduplicate. Folded lengthwise together. Coniferous. Bearing cones. Connate. United. Connective. That part of the stamen between the two anther cells. Connivent. Approaching closely and often connecting. Convolute. Longitudinally rolled up. Cordate. Heart-shaped. Coriaceous. Leathery in texture. Corm. The solid enlarged fleshy base of a stem. Corolla. The inner of two series of floral envelopes. Corona. A crown-like appendage, especially to the corolla. Corymb. A raceme with the lower pedicels elongated so that the inflores- cence is flat-topped. Corymbose. Borne in corymbs. Costate. Ribbed. Cotyledon. The rudimentary leaf or leaves found in the seed embryo. Crenate. Having rounded teeth. Crenulate. Diminutive of crenate. Crested. Having a crest-like appendage. Crown. Corona. Cucullate. Hood-shaped. Culm. The stem of sedges and grasses, Cuneate. Shaped like a wedge. Cusp. A sharp, rigid point. Cuspidate. Bearing a cusp. Cyme. A flat-topped inflorescence with the central flowers blooming first. Cymose. Cyme-like. Deciduous. Not persistent and evergreen. Decompound. ‘Twice or more divided. Decumbent. Reclining, with ascending ends. Decurrent. Adnate down the stem below the insertion. Defiexed. Turned abruptly downward: Dehiscent. Opening regularly. Deltoid. Broadly triangular. Dentate. Toothed, the teeth outwardly projecting. Denticulate. Diminutive of dentate. Depauperate. Stunted. Depressed. Flattened from above. Diadelphous. Stamens combined in two sets. 218 GLOSSARY Diandrous. Possessing two stamens. Dichotomous. Bi-forked equally and regularly. Dicotyledonous. Possessing two cotyledons. Didymous. Twin-like. Didynamous. Stamens in two pairs of unequal length. Diffuse. Loosely and much spreading. Digitate. Diverging, like spreading fingers. Dimorphous. Two-formed. Dioecious. Bearing male and female flowers on different plants. Discoid. Disk-like; a flower head with none but rayless flowers. Disk. A developed receptacle at or around the base of the pistil, especially the enlarged receptacle on which the numerous flowers are borne in Compositae. Disk flowers. The central flowers in the head in Compositae, as distinguished from the marginal flowers. Dissected. Divided into numerous segments. Distichous. Arranged in two vertical ranks. Distinct. Apparent; not united. Divaricate. Widely spreading. Divided. Cut to the base or mid-nerve. Dorsal. Pertaining to the back. Drupaceous. Drupe-like. Drupe. A fleshy usually simple fruit with exocarp fleshy and endocarp stony. Drupelet. Diminutive of drupe. Echinate. Prickly. Elliptical. Oval. Emarginate. With a shallow notch at the apex. Embryo. The rudimentary plant within the seed. Endocarp. The inner layer of the pericarp. Endogenous. Forming new tissue within instead of by superficial layers. Endosperm. The albumen of a seed. Entire. Without toothing, lobes or divisions. Ephemeral. Lasting less than a day. Epidermis. An outer covering. Epigynous. Growing on the upper part of the ovary. Epiphyte. An air plant. Equitant. Conduplicate distichous leaves. Excurrent. Running out beyond the main body. Exfoliating. Coming off in layers. Exocarp. The outer layer of the pericarp. Exogenous. Growing by new tissue formed outside the old. Exserted. Projecting beyond the surrounding organs. Exstipulate. Without stipules. Extrorse. Facing outward. Falcate. Scythe-shaped. Farinose. Covered with a meal-like powder. Fascicle. A close, dense bundle or cluster. Fastigiate. Erect stems or branches borne closely together. Ferrugi ous. Color of rust. GLOSSARY 219 Fertile. Productive. Fertilization. Intermingling of the contents of a male and female cell. Fibrillose. Bearing fine fibers. Filament. The slender portion of the stamen supporting the anther. Filiform. Thread-shaped. Fimbriate. Fringed. Fimbrillate. Diminutive of fimbriate. Flaccid. Lacking rigidity. Flexuous. Zigzag. Floccose. Bearing tufts of wool-like hairs. Foliaceous. Leaf-like. -foliate. In composition referring to leaves. -foliolate. In composition referring to leaflets, Follicle. A one-celled fruit dehiscing by one suture. Free. Not attached to other organs. Frond. The leaf of ferns. Frutescent. Shrub-like. Fugacious. Early falling away. Fugitive. Plants not native and apparently not permanently established. Funicle. The stalk of an ovule or seed. Fuscous. Grayish-brown. Fusiform. Spindle-shaped. Galea. A helmet-shaped portion of a floral envelope. Galeate. Provided with a galea. Gamopetalous. Having the petals more or less united. Geniculate. Bent abruptly. Gibbous. With a swelling on one side. Glabrate. Nearly without hairs. Glabrous. Entirely without hairs. Gland, A secreting organism. Glandular. Bearing glands. Glaucous. Covered with a bluish-white bloom. Globose. Round. Glomerate. Compactly clustered. Glumaceous. Glume-like. Glume. The scaly bractlets of the inflorescence in sedges and grasses. Granular. Resembling or composed of grains. Granulose. Granular. Gregarious. Growing in groups. Gymnospermous. Plants with naked seeds. Gynandrous. Having the pistil supporting the stamens. Gynobase. A prolongation or enlargement of the receptacle bearing the ovary. Habit. The general appearance or aspect of a plant. Habitat. Place of growth of a plant. Hastate. Arrow-shaped, but with basal lobes spreading at right angles. Head. A dense usually spherical cluster of sessile (or nearly so) flowers. Herbaceous. Herb-like; leaf-like in color or texture. Heterogamous. Bearing two kinds of flowers. 220 GLOSSARY Hilum. The point of attachment of a seed or ovule. Hirsute. Covered with coarse stiffish hairs. Hispid. Covered with rigid bristly hairs. Hispidulous. Diminutive of hispid. Hoary. Covered with a grayish-white close, fine pubescence. Homogamous. Bearing one kind of flower only. Hyaline. Thin; translucent. Hybrid. A cross between two species. Hypocotyl. The radicle. Hypogynous. Situated on the receptacle at or below the base of the ovary. Imbricate. Overlapping. Imperfect. Without both sexual organs fully developed. Incised. Irregularly deeply and sharply cut. Included. Not protruding beyond the surrounding envelope. Incumbent. Having the back of one of the cotyledons lying against the radicle. Indefinite. Not constant in number, and numerous. Indehiscent. Not opening. Indigenous. Native. Indusium. The membrane covering the fruit-dot in ferns. Inequilateral. With sides unequal. Inferior. Situated below. Inflexed. Bent inward abruptly. Inflorescence. The flowering part of plants with especial reference to the mode of arrangement. Inserted. Attached to. Internode. Lying between two nodes, Introrse. Turned inward. Involucel. A secondary involucre. Involucre. A circle of bracts subtending a flower or a number of flowers. Involute. Inwardly rolled. Irregular. A flower in which members of the same class of organs are dis- similar. Keel. A longitudinal ridge; the two united lower petals of a pea flower. Labiate. Lipped. Laciniate. Cut into narrow lobes. Lanceolate. Shaped like a lance; broadest below the middle and tapering upward. Lateral. Pertaining to the side. Lax. Loose and slender. Leaflet. A division of a compound leaf. Legume. A simple fruit dehiscent by both sutures. Lenticular. Shaped like a lens. Ligulate. Provided with a ligule. Ligule. A strap-shaped corolla, as the rays of Compositae; a scarious pro- jection from the summit of the sheaths in Gramineae. Limb. The expanded portion of a floral envelope. Linear. Long and narrow with sides about parallel. Lobe. A segment of an organ. GLOSSARY 221 Lobed. Cut into lobes; cut about to the middle. Loment. A jointed legume. Loculicidal. Applied to capsules splitting through the walls of the carpels. Lunate. Shaped like a crescent. Lyrate. Pinnatifid with the terminal lobe much the largest. Macrosporange. A sporange containing macrospores. Macrospore. The larger of two kinds of spores borne by certain plants. Marcescent. Withering, but not falling. Marginal. Near the edge. Marginate. Furnished with a border. Membranaceous. Thin and membrane-like. Micropyle. The orifice of the ovule and the corresponding point on the seed. Microsporange. A sporange containing microspores. Microspores. The smaller of two kinds of spores borne by certain plants. Mid-rib (mid-vein). The central vein of a leaf. Monadelphous. Applied to stamens united by their filaments. Moniliform. Like a string of beads. Monocotyledonous. Plants haying but one cotyledon. Monoecious. Bearing stamens and pistils in different flowers,! but on the same plant. Monstrous. Deformed. Mucronate. Bearing a short abrupt tip. Mucronulate. Diminutive of mucronate. Multifid. Cut into numerous segments. Muricate. Roughened with short hard points, Muticous. Without a point. Naked. Without the covering normally present in related species. Naturalized. Plants not native, but so thoroughly established that they appear native. Nectary. An organ secreting sweet matter. Nerve. A vein. Node. The point on a stem on which a leaf is normally borne. Nodose. Knotty. Nodulose. Diminutive of nodose. Nut. A hard indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded fruit. Nutlet. Diminutive of nut. Obcompressed. Compressed from back and front instead of from the sides. Obcordate. Inversely heart-shaped. Oblanceolate. Inversely lance-shaped. Oblique. With unequal sides. Oblong. Longer than broad with the sides parallel. Obovate. Inversely ovate. Obovoid. Inversely ovoid. Obsolete. Rudimentary or absent. Obtuse. Blunt or rounded. Ochreae. Tubular sheathing stipules. Ochreolae. Organisms resembling ochreae subtending flowers. Ochroleucous. Yellowish-white. Operculate. Furnished with a lid. 222 GLOSSARY Operculum. A lid. Orbicular. Circular in outline or nearly so. Orthotropous. An erectovule withthe micropyle at the apex and the hilum at the base. Oval. Broadly elliptical. Ovary. The portion of the pistil containing the ovules. Ovate. Egg-shaped with the broader end down; broadly and shortly lanceo- late. Ovule. The body which after fertilization becomes the seed. Palate. The projection on the lower lip of a personate corolla which closes the throat. Palet. The thin chaffy bract subtending the flower in the Gramineae. Palmate. Resembling the hand with spreading fingers. Panicle. An irregular compound inflorescence. Panicled, paniculate. Borne in panicles. Papilionaceous. A name applied to the peculiar corolla of the Leguminosae ; pea-like. Papillose. Bearing minute projections. Pappus. The calyx in Compositae, consisting of awns, bristles, teeth, ete. Parasitic. Growing on and absorbing nourishment from other plants. Parietal. Borne on the inner surface of the wall of a capsule. Parted. Cut down nearly to the base. Pectinate. Cut into narrow crowded segments. Pedate. Palmately cut, the lateral segments 2-cleft. Pedicel. A secondary peduncle. Pedicellate. Borne on a pedicel. Peduncle. A primary flower-stalk, supporting a flower or cluster of flowers. Pedunculate. Borne on a peduncle. Peltate. Shield-shaped and attached to a stalk by the lower surface. Perennial. Living for years. Perfect. Applied to a flower having both sexual organs. Perfoliate. A leafclasping the stem so that the stem appears to pass through it. Perianth. The modified floral leaves taken collectively. Pericarp. The wall of the matured ovary. Perigynium. The sac enclosing the achene in Carex. Perigynous. Attached to the perianth and hence around the ovary. Persistent. Unusually long-continuous. Personate. Two-lipped with the throat closed by a protuberance, Petal. A division of the corolla. Petaloid. Resembling a petal. Petiolate. Having a petiole. Petiole. The leaf stalk. Petiolulate. Having a petiolule. Petiolule. A small petiole, supporting a leaflet. Phaenerogamous. Plants producing true flowers and seeds, Phyllodia. A bladeless petiole. Pilose. Bearing long soft hairs. Pinna (pl. pinnae). One of the primary divisions of a pinnately compound leaf. GLOSSARY 223 Pinnate. A compound leaf with the leaflets arranged on each side of a com- mon axis. Pinnatifid. Pinnately cleft. Pinnule. A division of a pinna. Pistil. The female reproductive organs in the higher plants. Pistillate. Provided with pistils, and usually implying the absence of sta- mens, Placenta. An ovule-bearing surface. Plicate. Folded lengthwise. Plumose. Plume-like; having fine hairs on each side. Plumule. The growing point of the embryo. Pod. A dry, dehiscent fruit. Pollen. The fertilizing bodies contained in the anther. Pollinia. The waxy pollen-masses of orchids and milk-weeds. Polygamous. Bearing both perfect and imperfect flowers on the same plant. Polypetalous. Having separate petals. Pome. A fleshy fruit like an apple. Procumbent. Lying flat on the ground. Prothallium. The sexual generation of Pteridophyta. Puberulent. Short hairy. Pubescent. Covered with hairs, especially if short and soft. Punctate. Dotted with translucent spots or pits. Pungent. Tipped with a rigid point. Pyriform. Shaped like a pear. Raceme. An elongated flower cluster in which the flowers are pedicelled and the lower bloom first. Racemose. Borne in racemes. Rachilla. The axis of the spikelet in Gramineae. Rachis. The axis.of a spike, raceme or compound leaf. Radiate. Bearing ray-flowers; spreading from a common center. Radicle. The rudimentary stem in the embryo. Ray. A branch of an umbel; a marginal flower when distinct from the others. Receptacle. That part of the axis bearing the reproductive organs; or the collective flowers in Compositae. Recurved. Backwardly curved. Refiexed. Abruptly recurved. Regular. Having all parts of the same nature similar. Reniform. Kidney-shaped. Repand. Having a wavy margin. Reticulate. Netted-veined. Retrorse. Turned back or downward. Retuse. Having a shallow notch at the rounded end. Revolute. Rolled backward. Rhachis. The same as rachis. Rhizome. A rootstock. Ringent. The gaping mouth of a bilabiate corolla. Rostrate. Beaked. Rotate. Flat and round in outline. 224 GLOSSARY Rufous. Red-brown. Rugose. Wrinkled. Runcinate. Sharply jagged with the lobes turned backward. Runner. A long slender stolon. Sac. A pouch-like body. Saccate. Shaped like a sac. Sagittate. Shaped like an arrow-head, the lobes turned downward. Salver-shaped (salver-form). A corolla with a narrow tube abruptly ex- panded into a spreading limb. Samara. An indehiscent winged fruit. Saprophyte. A plant growing on dead organic matter. Scabrous. Rough. Scape. A stem above ground bearing flowers, but not leaves. Scapose. Scape-like; having scapes. Scarious. Thin, dry, membranous and not green. Scorpoid. An inflorescence coiled up in the bud, but unrolled in growth. Scurfy. Covered with minute scales. Secund. Borne on but one side of the axis. Seed. The ripened oyule. Segment. One of the divisions of a cut or divided organ. Sepal. One of the divisions of the calyx. Septicidal. Applied to capsules splitting through the partitions of the carpels. Septum. A partition. Serrate. Provided with teeth pointing forward. Serrulate. Diminutive of serrate. Sessile. Not stalked. Setaceous. Bristle-like. Setose. Bristly. Sheath. A tube-like envelope, especially the lower part of the leaf in Gramineae. Silicle. A silique little longer than wide. Silique. An elongated two-valyed capsule with two parietal placentae, usu- ally dehiscent. Simple. Not compound. Sinuate. With the margins strongly wavy. Sinus. The cleft between lobes. Sorus (pl. sori). A cluster of fruit-dots. Spadix. A fleshy flower spike. Spathe. The bract or bracts subtending the inflorescence in certain mono- cotyledonous plants. Spatulate. Shaped likea spatula. Spicate. Arranged in a spike. Spike. A dense elongated inflorescence with sessile flowers. Spikelet. Diminutive of spike; especially applied to the “flowers” of grasses and sedges. Spinose. Having spines. Sporange (sporangium). A spore-case. Spore. Asexual vegetative bodies in Cryptogamia. Sporocarp. An organ containing sporangia or spores. GLOSSARY 225 Spreading. Widely divergent; nearly prostate. Spur. A tube-like projection from part of a blossom. Squarrose. Strongly spreading and projecting. Stamen. The male sexual organ in a plant. Staminodium. A sterile stamen. Standard. The upper petal of a pea corolla. Stellate. Star-like. Sterile. Unproductive. Stigma. The uppermost portion of the pistil. Stipe. A stalk. Stipitate. Possessing a stipe. Stipulate. Having stipules. Stipule. Appendages to a leaf at the base of the petiole. Stolon. A weak basal branch disposed to root. Stoloniferous. Producing stolons. Striate. Finely lined or ribbed longitudinally. Strict. Very straight and erect. Strigose. Beset with more or less appressed straight hairs. Style. The slender portion of the pistil between the ovary and stigma. Stylopodium. An enlargement at the base of the style. Sub-. A prefix meaning somewhat or slightly. Subulate. Awl-shaped. Succulent. Juicy and fleshy. Superior. Above the surrounding organs. Suture. The line of opening. Symmetrical. Applied to a flower having the same number of parts in each circle. Terete. Circular in cross-section. Ternate. In threes. Tetradynamous. Having four of the six stamens longer than the other two. Thallus. A flat vegetative organ. Throat. That portion of a gamopetalous corolla or gamosepalous calyx between the tube and the limb. Thyrse. A compact panicle. Thyrsoid. Resembling a thyrse. Tomentose. Covered with densely matted hairs. Tooth. A small marginal lobe. Torose. Cylindrical, and contracted at intervals. Torulose. Diminutive of torose. Tri-. In composition, three. Triandrous. Having three stamens. Truncate. Ending abruptly in a straight edge. Tuber. A short, thick underground branch. Tuberiferous. Tuber-bearing. Tubercle. The persistent style base in some sedges. Tuberculate. Bearing short, hard, rounded projections. Turbinate. Inversely conical. Umbel. An inflorescence in which the flower pedicels spring from the same point, and the outer flowers bloom last. Umbellate. Umbel-like. 15 226 GLOSSARY Umbellet. A secondary umbel. Undulate. Having wavy margins. Uni-. In composition, one. Utricle. A one-seeded fruit with a loose pericarp. Valvate. Opening by valves; meeting by the edges without overlapping. Vein. A prominent leaf vein. Veins. The main frame-work of a leaf or other organ. Veinlet. A small vein. Velum. The fold on the inner side at the base of the leaf in Jsoetes. Velutinous. Velvety. Ventral. Relating to the inner or front surface. Ventricose. Swollen on one side. Venation. The arrangement of veins. Vernation. The arrangement of leaves. Versatile. Applied to an anther attached near the middle and free at the ends. Verticillate. Whorled. Villous. Bearing long, soft, loose hairs. Virgate. Long and slender. Viscid. Glutinous; sticky. Whorl. An arrangement of organs in a circle. Wing. A thin expansion of an organ; the lateral petal in Leguminosae. Woolly. Clothed with long matted hairs. ERRATA AND ADDENDA. Page 2, 3d line from bottom for “‘grandular’’ read “glandular.” Page 10, under Lophotocarpus, 1st line, for ‘‘verticels’’ read ‘“‘verticils’’ and 2d line, for “‘inclosing”’ read ‘‘enclosing.”’ Page 14, under 6th line for ‘“‘waiting’’ read ‘‘wanting.”’ Page 16, under Paspalum, 2d line, read ‘‘spikes’”’ for ‘‘spike.”’ Page 19, under P. miliacewm, 2d line, read ‘‘sheaths’’ for ‘‘sheath.’’ Page 23, under I. sobolifera, 3d line, read ‘‘2’-3'” for ‘‘2’’-3/’,”” Page 28, under Boutelowa, Key, read ‘“‘spikes”’ for “‘spikelets.”’ Page 29, add : 35a. BULBILIS Raf. A low, creeping, perennial grass with the staminate and pistillate spikelets on distinct culms, the former forming 2-4 one-sided spikes on a relatively long-exserted culm, the latter 2-3 clusters on a very short culm. 1. B. dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf. Staminate spikes 2’’-24’’ long, 2-3-flowered, sharp-pointed : pistillate spikes subtended by long filiform bracts, scarious- dilated at base: the outer glumes indurated.—Two patches found as a waif along the Santa Fe Railroad east of Sheffield. May-—Sept. Page 36, under Loliwm, 2d line, for ‘‘join’”’ read ‘‘joints.” Page 37, under A. repens, 5th line, for ‘‘forms’’ read ‘‘form.’’ Page 39, 3d line from bottom for “‘scales’’ read ‘‘seale.’’ Page 39, under Hystrix for ‘‘elymoides M. & B.”’ read “‘patwla Moench.”’ Page 41, under C. strigosus robustior, 1st line for ‘‘8’”’ read ‘‘8’’,’’ Page 47, 19th line, for “‘sparganoides’’ read ‘‘sparganioides.’’ Page 48, under C. trichocarpa, 1st line, for “‘bract’’ read ‘‘bracts.”’ Page 52, No. 41 should read ‘‘C. cephaloidea.”’ Page 53, add: 46a. C. siccata Dewey. Culms slender, erect, 2°-3° high: leaves 1”-2” broad: spikes 3-4, 23''-4’’ long, distinct, silvery-brownish, the staminate flowers basal and numerous, or sometimes occupying whole spikes : perigynia 2%’’ long, lanceolate, strongly winged.—Locally common on a dry hill near Courtney. June. Page 66, under Juglandaceae, 4th line, after ‘‘1-ovuled” add ‘‘ovary.”’ Page 67, under H. minima, 2d line, for ‘‘one’’ read ‘‘ones.”’ Page 70, under Quercus, 4th line, “hydrids’’ should be hybrids.’’ Page 73, under Hwmulus, 3d line, read ‘‘Pistillate flowers two together in the axil of a foliaceous bract.”’ Page 83, under A. blitoides, 2d line, for ‘‘bract’’ read ‘‘bracts.’’ Page 88, the authority for Cerastiwm brachypodum should be (Robinson) Engelm. Page 96, under C. montanum, 2d line, ‘‘seeded’’ should be omitted. Page 99, the authority for R. palustris is (L.) Bess. Page 106, under P. pentandra, 3d line, for ‘‘bottom’’ read ‘‘bottoms.”’ Page 110, for ‘‘Caesalpinaceae’’ read ‘‘Caesalpiniaceae.’’ Page 113, under Trifolium, 9th line, read ‘‘plant’’ for ‘‘plants.”’ 227 228 ERRATA AND ADDENDA Page 114, under 7. hybridum, 3d line, for “‘peduncled”’ read ‘‘pedicelled.”’ Page 118, under Lespedeza, Key, 8th line, ‘‘perennials’’ should be ‘‘peren- nial’’ and in 9th line, ‘‘annuals”’ should be ‘‘annual.”’ Page 120, under Geraniaceae ‘‘J. St. Hill.”’ should read ‘‘J. St. Hil.” Page 121, last line, ‘‘calltrop”’ should read ‘“‘ealtrop.”’ Page 122, under Euphorbiaceae, ‘‘J. St. Hill.’’ should read “J. St. Hil.” Page 128, under Acer for var. barbatwm read var. Rugelii (Pax) Wesmael. Page 129, under Balsaminaceae, 5th line, “by the’’ should read “‘into.’’ Page 131, under Tilia, 3d line, ‘‘5-delphous’’ should be ‘‘5-adelphous.” Page 135, under V. Rafinesquii, 1st line, ‘‘annuals’” should read “‘annual.’’ Page 135, add: 4a. V. viarum Pollard. Growing in clumps and resem- bling No. 4, but glabrous or nearly so throughout: leaves ovate-cordate to reniform in outline, 3-9-diyided, the divisions very unequal, usually the middle one the longest: peduncles of cleistogamous flowers at first erect, but at length decumbent.—Moist prairies from Levasy to Buckner. April-May. Page 137, under Didiplis, 1st line, ‘“‘aquatics” should read ‘‘aquatic.”’ Page 142, under Lomatiwm, 2d line, ‘“‘later’’ should read “‘lateral.”’ Page 143, under Chaerophyllum, ‘“‘chevril’’ should read ‘‘cheryil’” and “C, Texensis’”’ should read ‘‘C. Texanwm.’’ Page 162, add: 7a. DRACOCEPHALUM L. Herbs with flowers in terminal spikes subtended by conspicuously aristate- toothed bracts. Calyx and corolla each 2-lipped. Stamens four with di- vergent anther-sacs, the upper pair the longer. 1. D. parviflorum Nutt. DRAGON-HEAD. A more or less pubescent annual with spreading branches, about 1° high: leaves ovate, cordate or rounded at base, strongly serrate: bracts usually exceeding the corolla.— Found as a waif at Sheffield. June. : Page 185, add: la. L. scariola L. A taller plant than Z. virosa, from which it also differs in its more prickly stem, in its strongly sinuate-pinnatifid leaves, and in its paler, more hairy achenes.—Well introduced locally in waste places at Independence, and from the mouth of Sugar Creek to Court- ney. June-September. INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. Abutilon, 132 Acalypha, 123 Acanthaceae, 176 Aceraceae, 128 Acer, 128 Acerates, 151 Achillea, 205 Aenida, 83 Acorus, 54 Acuan, 110 Adiantum, 5 Adicea, 74 Aesculus, 128 Afzelia, 173 Agastache, 161 Agrimonia, 106 Agropyron, 37 Agrostemma, 87 Agrostis, 26 Ailanthus, 122 Aizoaceae, 85 Alisma, 10 Alismaceae, 9 Allionia, 84 Allium, 59 Alopecurus, 24 Alsine, 88 Amaranthaceae, 82 Amaranthus, 82 Amaryllidaceae, 62 Ambrosiaceae, 186 Ambrosia, 187 Amelanchier, 108 Ammannia, 137 Amorpha, 114 Ampelopsis, 130 Amphiachyris, 192 Amygdalus, 109 Anacardiaceae, 126 Anagallis, 147 Andropogon, 15 Androsaee, 146 Anemone, 91 Angiospermae, 7 Anonaceae, 90 Antennaria, 197 Anthemis, 205 Anthoxanthum, 21 Anychia, 89 Apera, 27 Apiastrum, 143 Apios, 119 Aplectrum, 66 Apocynaceae, 149 Apocynum, 149 Aquilegia, 91 Arabis, 101 Araceae, 54 Araliacez, 141 Arctium, 207 Arenaria, 88 Argemone, 95 Arisaema, 54 Aristida, 22 _| Aristolochiaceae, 75 Aristolochia, 75 Artemisia, 206 Asarum, 75 Asclepiadaceae, 150 Asclepias, 150 Asclepiodora, 151 Asimina, 90 Asparagus, 61 Asplenium, 4 Aster, 194 Astragalus, 115 Athyrium, 4 Atriplex, 81 Avena, 27 Azolla, 6 Balsaminaceae, 129 Baptisia, 112 Barbarea, 98 Batrachium, 93 | Beckmannia, 28 Berberidaceae, 94 _Bergia, 134 | Betulaceae, 69 Bidens, 203 Bignoniaceae, 175 | Bikukulla, 95 Blephilia, 164 Boebera, 205 Boehmeria, 74 Boltonia, 194 Boraginaceae, 156 Botrychium, 1 Bouteloua, 28 Brachyelytrum, 23 Brassica, 98 Brauneria, 200 Bromus, 35 Bursa, 100 Cactaceae, 136 Caesalpiniaceae, 110 Calamagrostis, 26 Calamovilfa, 27 Callirhoe, 132 Callitrichaceae, 126 Callitriche, 126 Camelina, 100 ' Campanulaceae, 182 229 , Campanula, 182 | Camptosorus, 4 Cannabis, 73 Capnoides, 96 Capparidaceae, 102 Caprifoliaceae, 179 Cardamine, 99 Carduus, 208 Carex, 45 Caryophyllaceae, 86 Cassia, 110 Catalpa, 175 Caulophyllum, 94 Ceanothus, 129 Celastraceae, 127 Celastrus, 127 Celtis, 72 Cenchrus, 20 Centaurea, 208 Centunculus, 147 Cephalanthus, 178 Cerastium, 88 Ceratophyllaceae, 89 Ceratophyllum, 89 Cercis, 110 Chaerophyllum, 143 Chaetochloa, 19 Chelone, 170 Chenopodiaceae, 79 Chenopodium, 79 Chrysanthemum, 205 Cichoriaceae, 183 Cichorium, 183 Cicuta, 144 Cinna, 26 Cireaea, 140 Cistaceae, 134 Claytonia, 85 Clematis, 92 Cleome, 102 Collinsia, 171 Comandra, 75 Commelinaceae, 55 Commelina, 55 Compositae, 188 Conobea, 171 Conringia, 102 Convallariaceae, 61 Convolvulaceae, 152 Convolvulus, 153 Coreopsis, 202 Corispermum, 82 Cornaceae, 145 Cornus, 145 Corylus, 69 Crassulaceae, 102 Crataegus, 108 230 Crotalaria, 112 Croton, 123 Cruciferae, 96 Cubelium, 136 Cucurbitaceae, 181 Cucurbita, 181 Cuscutaceae, 153 Cuscuta, 153 Cycloloma, 81 Cynoglossum, 156 Cyperaceae, 39 Cyperus, 39 Cypripedium, 64 Dactylis, 33 Datura, 169 Daucus, 142 Delphinium, 91 Dentaria, 100 Deringa, 145 Dianthera, 176 Dicotyledones, 66 Didiplis, 137 Diodia, 178 Dioscoreaceae, 63 Dioscorea, 63 Diospyros, 147 Diplachne, 30 Distichlis, 33 Dodecatheon, 147 Draba, 100 Drupaceae, 109 Dryopteris, 4 Duchesnea, 105 Dulichium, 41 Eatonia, 31 Ebenaceae, 147 Echinodorus, 10 Echium, 158 Eclipta, 199 Elatinaceae, 133 Elatine, 133 Eleocharis, 42 Elephantopus, 190 Eleusine, 29 Elymus, 38 Engelmannia, 199 Epilobium, 139 Equisetaceae, 6 Equisetum, 6 Eragrostis, 30 Erechtites, 207 Erigeron, 197 Eriochloa, 16 Eryngium, 142 Erysimum, 102 Erythraea, 148 Erythronium, 60 Euonymus, 127 Eupatorium, 191 Euphorbiaceae, 122 Euphorbia, 124 Euthamia, 194 INDEX OF LATIN NAMES Fagaceae, 70 Fagopyrum, 76 Faleata, 119 Festuca, 35 Filix, 3 Fimbristylis, 43 Flaveria, 204 Foeniculum, 148 Fragaria, 105 Fraxinus, 148 Froelichia, 84 Fuirena, 44 Gaillardia, 205 Galinsoga, 204 Galium, 178 Gaura, 140 Gemmingia, 63 Gentianaceae, 148 Gentiana, 149 Geraniaceae, 120 Geranium, 120 Gerardia, 173 Geum, 106 Gleditsia, 111 Glycyrrhiza, 116 Gnaphalium, 198 Gonolobus, 152 Gramineae, 11 Gratiola, 172 Grindelia, 192 Grossulariaceae, 103 Gymnocladus, 111 Gymnospermae, 7 Gyrostachys, 65 Habenaria, 65 Haloragidaceae, 140 Hartmannia, 139 Hedeoma, 164 Helenium, 204 Helianthemum, 134 Helianthus, 201 Heliopsis, 199 Hemerocallis, 59 Hemicarpha, 45 Heteranthera, 56 Heuchera, 103 Hibiscus, 132 Hicoria, 66 Hieracium, 186 Hippocastanacez, 128 Holeus, 27 Homalocenchrus, 20 Hordeum, 37 Houstonia, 178 Humulus, 73 Hydrastis, 90 Hydrophyllaceae, 155 Hydrophyllum, 155 Hypericaceae, 133 Hypericum, 133 Hypoxis, 62} Hystrix, 38 Ilysanthes, 172 Impatiens, 129 Inula, 198 Todanthus, 98 Ipomoea, 152 Iridaceae, 63 Tris, 63 Isanthus, 160 Isoetaceae, 6 Isoetes, 7 Isopyrum, 90 Iva, 186 Juglandaceae, 66 Juglans, 66 Juncaceae, 57 Juncus, 57 Juniperus, 7 Jussiaea, 138 Kallstroemia, 121 Kochia, 82 Koeleria, 32 Koellia, 164 Koryearpus, 32 Kuhnia, 191 Kyllinga, 41 Labiatae, 159 Lacinaria, 191 Lactuea, 184 Lamium, 162 Lappula, 156 Lechea, 134 Lemnaceae, 54 Lemna, 55 Lentibulariaceae, 174 Leonurus, 162 Lepidium, 97 Leptandra, 173 Leptilon, 197 Leptochloa, 29 Lespedeza, 118 Liliaceae, 58 Lilium, 60 Limosella, 172 Linaceae, 121 Linaria, 170 Linum, 121 Lithospermum, 157 Loasaceae, 136 Lobelia, 182 Lolium, 36 Lomatium, 142 Lonicera, 180 Lophotocarpus, 10 Lotus, 114 | Ludwigia, 138 Lychnis, 87 Lycium, 168 Lycopersicon, 168 Lycopus, 165 Lysimachia, 146 | Lythraceae, 136 Lythrum, 137 Macrocalyx, 155 Malus, 108 Malvaceae, 131 Malva, 131 Malvastrum, 132 Marrubium, 161 Martyniaceae, 175 Martynia, 175 Medicago, 113 Meibomia, 116 Melanthaceae, 58 Melanthium, 58 Melica, 32 Melilotus, 113 Melissa, 164 Menispermaceae, 95 Menispermum, 95 Mentha, 165 Mentzelia, 136 Meriolix, 140 Mertensia, 157 Mesadenia, 207 Micrampelis, 182 Mimosaceae, 110 Mimulus, 171 Moehringia, 88 Mollugo, 85 Monarda, 163 Monniera, 171 Monocotyledons, 7 Monolepis, 81 Monotropaceae, 145 Monotropa, 145 Morongia, 110 Moraceae, 72 Morus, 73 Muhlenbergia, 22 Myosotis, 157 Myosurus, 92 Myriophyllum, 140 Nabalus, 186 Naiadaceae, 8 Naias, 9 Naumbergia, 147 Nelumbo, 89 Nepeta, 162 Nothocalais, 85 Notholaena, 5 Nothoscordum, 59 Nyctaginiaceae, 84 Nymphaeaceae, 89 Oenothera, 139 Oleaceae, 148 Onagraceae, 138 Onoclea, 3 Onosmodium, 158 Ophioglossaceae, 1 Ophioglossum, 1 Opulaster, 104 Opuntia, 136 Orchidaceae, 64 Orchis, 65 Ornithogalum, 60 INDEX OF LATIN NAMES Orobanchaceae, 174 Osmundaceae, 2 Osmunda, 2 Ostrya, 69 Oxalidaceae, 120 Oxalis, 120 Oxygraphis, 94 Panax, 141 Panicularia, 34 Panicum, 17 Papaveraceae, 95 Papilionaceae, 111 Parietaria, 74 Parosela, 115 | Parsonsia, 137 Parthenium, 199 Parthenocissus, 130 Paspalum, 16 Pastinaca, 142 Pedicularis, 174 Pellaea, 5 Pentstemon, 170 Penthorum, 103 Perilla, 166 Petalostemon, 115 Phalaris, 21 Philotria, 11 Phleum, 24 Phlox, 154 Phragmites, 29 Phrymaceae, 176 Phryma, 176 Phyla, 159 Physalis, 166 Physalodes, 166 Physostegia, 162 Phytolaccaceae, 84 Phytolacea, 84 Pinaceae, 7 Plantaginaceae, 177 Plantago, 177 Platanaceae, 103 Platanus, 104 Poa, 33 Podophyllum, 94 Pogonia, 65 Polanisia, 102 Polemoniaceae, 154 Polemonium, 155 Polygalaceae, 122 Polygala, 122 Polygonaceae, 75 Polygonum, 77 Polymnia, 198 Polypodiaceae, 2 Polystichum, 3 Polytaenia, 142 Pomaceae, 107 Pontederiaceae, 56 Pontederia, 56 Populus, 68 Portulacaceae, 85 Portulaca, 85 Potamogeton, 8 231 Potentilla, 105 Primulaceae, 146 Prionopsis, 192 Prunella, 162 Prunus, 109 Psoralea, 114 Pteridophyta, 1 Ptilimnium, 145 Quamasia, 60 Quamoclit, 152 Quereus, 70 Ranunculaceae, 90 Ranunculus, 92 Ratibida, 200 Rhamnaceae, 129 Rhamnus, 129 Rhus, 126 Ribes, 103 Ricinus, 124 Robinia, 115 Roripa, 99 Rosaceae, 104 Rosa, 107 Rotala, 137 Rubiaceae, 178 Rubus, 104 Rudbeckia, 199 Ruellia, 176 Rumex, 75 Rutaceae, 122 Sabbatia, 148 Sagittaria, 10 Salicaceae, 67 Salix, 68 Salomonia, 61 Salsola, 82 Salvia, 163 Salviniaceae, 5 Sambucus, 179 Sanguinaria, 95 Sanicula, 143 Santalaceae, 74 Saponaria, 87 Saxifragaceae, 103 Schedonnardus, 28 Scirpus, 43 Seleria, 45 Scrophulariaceae, 169 Serophularia, 170 Scutellaria, 161 Sedum, 103 Senecio, 207 Sicyos, 181 Sida, 132 Sieglingia, 29 Silene, 87 Silphium, 198 Simarubaceae, 122 Sinapis, 98 Sisymbrium, 97 Sisyrinchium, 64 Sitilias, 185 232 Sium, 144 Smilaceae, 62 Smilax, 62 Solanaceae, 166 Solanum, 168 Solidago, 192 Sonchus, 184 Sophia, 101 Sorghastrum, 15 Sorghum, 15 Sparganiaceae, 8 Sparganium, 8 Spartina, 28 Specularia, 182 Spergula, 89 Spermatophyta, 7 Spiraea, 104 Spirodela, 54 Sporobolus, 24 Stachys, 163 Staphyleaceae, 127 Staphylea, 127 Steironema, 146 Stenophyllus, 43 Stipa, 22 Strophostyles, 120 Symphoricarpus, 180 Symphytum, 158 Syndesmon, 92 Syntherisma, 16 Taenidia, 143 Talinum, 85 Tanacetum, 206 Taraxacum, 184 Tecoma, 175 Teucrium, 160 Thalesia, 175 Thalictrum, 94 Thaspium, 142 Thelesperma, 204 Thlaspi, 97 Tiliaceae, 131 Tilia, 131 Toxylon, 73 Tradeseantia, 56 Tragia, 124 Tragopogon, 184 Trifolium, 113 Trillium, 62 Triosteum, 180 Tripsacum, 14 Trisetum, 27 Typhaceae, 7 Typha, 8 Ulmaceae, 71 Ulmus, 72 Umbelliferae, 141 Uniola, 32 Urticaceae, 73 Urtiea, 74 INDEX OF LATIN NAMES Urticastrum, 74 Utricularia, 174 Uvularia, 59 Vaccaria, 87 Vagnera, 61 Valerianaceae, 181 Valerianella, 181 Vallisneriaceae, 11 Verbascum, 170 Verbenaceae, 158 Verbena, 158 Verbesina, 202 Vernonia, 190 Veronica, 172 Viburnum, 180 Vicia, 119 Violaceae, 134 Viola, 135 Vitaceae, 130 Vitis, 130 Washingtonia, 144 Wolffia, 55 Woodsia, 3 Xanthium, 187 Xanthoxylum, 122 Zizania, 20 Zizia, 144 Zygophyllaceae, 121 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES. Adam-and-Eyvye, 66 Adder’s-tongue, 1 Agrimony, 107 Alexanders, Golden, 142 Alfalfa, 113 Alsike clover, 114 Alum-root, 103 Anemone, 91 False Rue, 91 Rue, 97 Apple, May, 94 Apple-of-Peru, 166 Arrow-head, 10 False, 10 Ash, Green, 148 Prickly, 122 Red, 148 White, 148 Asparagus, 61 Aster, 195 Swamp, 194 Avens, Rough, 106 Spring, 106 White, 106 Balm, Garden, 164 Balsam-apple, Wild, 182 Barley, Wild, 37 Barnyard Grass, 17 Basswood, 131 Bastard Toad-flax, 75 Beaked Hazel-nut, 70 Bean, Castor,124 Wild, 120 Beard-tongue, 170 Beauty, Spring, 85 Bedstraw, Fragrant, 179 Marsh, 179 Wood, 179 Beggar Ticks, 203 Bell-flower, 182 Bells, Blue, 157 Bellwort, 59 Bent-grass, 27 Bergamot, Wild, 163 Bernard’s Violet, 135 Bet, Bouncing, 87 Big Bur-reed, 8 Bindweed, 153 Small, 153 Bishop-weed, Mock, 145 Bitter Cress, 99 Dock, 76 Bittersweet, 127, 168 Black-berry Lily, 64 Wild, 105 Black Haw, 180 Jack Oak, 71 Locust, 115 Mustard, 98 * Nightshade, 168 Oak, 7 Saco) Maple, 128 Sumac, 126 Willow, 68 Bladder-nut, 128 -wort, 174 Blazing Star, 191 Blood-root, 95 Blue-bells, 157 -bottle, 208 Cohosh, 94 -eyed Grass, 64 -eyed Mary, 170 -flag, 63 -2Tass, Kentucky, 34 Bluets, 178 Blue-weed, 158 Bog Fern, 4 Boneset, 191 False, 191 Bottle-brush Grass, 38 Bouncing Bet, 87 Bower, Virgin’s, 92 Box Elder, 128 Rattle, 113 Brake, Cliff, 5 Powdery Cliff, 5 Breeches, Dutchman’s, 96 Broomgrass, 15 Broomrape, 175 Buckberry, 180 -bush, 180 -eye, 128 -thorn, 129 -wheat, 77 Climbing, 79 Buffalo Bur, 168 Bugle-weed, 165 Bug-seed, 82 Bulrush, 43 Bunch-flower, 58 Bur, Buffalo, 168 Cockle, 187 -cucumber, One-seeded, 181 -dock, 208 -grass, 20 -head, 10 -marigold, 203 Burning Bush, 127 Bur-oak, 71 -reed, Big, 8 233 234 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES Bur-reed Slender, 8 Bush, Burning, 127 Button, 178 Clover, 118 Skunk, 127 Butter-and-Eggs, 170 Butter-cup, 92 Butterfly-weed, 150 Butterweed, 207 Buttonbush, 178 Snake-root, 143 -weed, 178 Caltrop, 121 Camomile, Field, 205 Campion, Starry, 87 White, 87 Canada Lily, 60 Thistle, 208 Canary-grass, 21 Reed, 21 Southern, 21 Cardinal flower, 183 Carpet-weed, 85 Carrion-flower, 62 Carrot, Wild, 142 Castor Bean, 124 Catalpa, 175 Catch-fly, Night-flowering, 87 Sleepy, 87 Catnip, 162 Cat-tail, 8 Cedar, red, 7 Centaury, western, 148 Chaff Weed, 147 Chaffy Fern, 3 Charlock, 98 Cheeses, 131 Cherry, Ground, 166 Wild, 109 Chervil, 143 Chestnut, Horse, 128 Oak, 71 Chess, 35, 36 False, 36 Field, 36 Soft, 36 Wild, 36 Grayish, 36 Chickweed, 88 Forked, 89 Chicory, 184 Chinquapin Oak, 71 Water Lily, 89 Christmas Fern, 3 Cicely, Sweet, 144 Cinquefoil, 105 City Pigweed, 80 Clammy-weed, 102 Clearweed, 74 Cleavers, 179 Clematis, 92 Cliff-brake, 5 Powdery, 5 Climbing Buckwheat, 79 Climbing Milkweed, 152 Clover, 113 Alsike, 113 Bush, 118 Prairie, 115 ted, 113 Sour, 120 Sweet, 113 White, 114 Cockle-bur, 187 Corn, 87 Cohosh, Blue, 94 Coffee Senna, 111 -tree, Kentucky, 111 Columbine, 91 Comfrey, 158 Common Milkweed, 151 Scouring Grass, 6 Thistle, 208 Vetch, 119 Compass Plant, 199 Cone-flower, 199, 200; Purple, 200 Cork Elm, 72 Corn Cockle, 87 -field Morning Glory, 153 Gromwell, 157 Indian, 96 Salad, 181 Speedwell, 173 Cotton-wood, 68 Couch-grass, 37 Cow-herb, 88 Crab-apple, Wild, 108 -grass, 17 Slender, 16 Smooth, 17 Crane’s-bill, 120 Creeper, Virginia, 130 Creeping Pigweed, 83 Cress, Bitter, 99 Penny, 97 Rock, 101 Water, 99 Winter, 98 Yellow Water, 99 Crisped Mallow, 152 Crowfoot, 92 White Water, 93 Yellow-water, 93 Crownbeard, 202 Culver’s-root, 173 Cup-leaf, 198 -plant, 199 Curled-dock, 76 Cut Grass, 20 Daisy, Ox-eye, 205 Dandelion, 184 False, 185 Day-flower, 55 -lily, 59 | Dewberry, 105 Ditch Stone-erop, 103 Dock, Bitter, 76 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES Dock, Curled, 76 Patience, 76 Prairie, 199 River, 76 Swamp, 76 Tall, 76 White, 76 Dodder, 153 Dogbane, 149 -fennel, 205 -tooth violet, 60 -wood, 145 Dotted Millet, 16 Downy Grape, 130 Dragon, Green, 54 : -head, False, 162 Dropseed Grass, 24 Duck-weed, 54 Dutchman’s Breeches, 96 Ebony Spleenwort, 5 Elecampane, 198 Elder-berry, 180 Box, 128 Marsh, 186 Elephant’s-foot, 191 Elm, Cork, 72 Slippery, 72 White, 72 Enchanter’s Nightshade, 140 Evening Primose, White, 140 Yellow, 139, 140 Everlasting, 197, 198 False Arrowhead, 10 Boneset, 191 Chess, 36 Dandelion, 185 Dragon-head, 162 Flax, 100 Garlic, 60 Grape, 130 Gromwell, 158 Indigo, 114 Nettle, 74 Oats, 27 Penny-royal, 160 False Pimpernel, 172 Rue-anemone, 91 Sensitive Plant, 110 Solomon’s Seal, 61 Sun-flower, 199 Feather Geranium, 81 Fennel, 143 Dog, 205 -leaved Parsley, 142 Fern, Bog, 4 Chafty, 3 Christmas, 3 Flowering, 2 Grape, 2 Lady, 4 Maiden-hair, 5 Rattle-snake, 1 Sensitive, 3 Fern, Walking, 4 Wood, 3 Fescue Grass, 35 Meadow, 35 Fetid Marigold, 205 Feverwort, 180 Field Camomile, 205 Chess, 36 Figwort, 170 Fireweed, 207 Five-finger, 106 Flag, Blue, 63 Sweet, 54 Flame-flower, 85 Flax, 121 Bastard Toad, 75 False, 100 Fleabane, 197 Flower, Bunch, 58 Bell, 182 Day, 55 Flame, 85 Monkey, 171 Flowering Fern, 2 Flower-of-an-hour, 132 Fog-fruit, 159 Forget-me-not, 157 Forked Chickweed, 89 Foxglove, Yellow, 173 Foxtail Grass, 20 Green, 20 Marsh, 24 Yellow, 20 Fragrant Bedstraw, 179 Sumac, 127 Frost Grape, 130 Weed, 134 Gama Grass, 15 Garden Balm, 164 Garlic, False, 60 Gentian, 149 Geranium, Feather, 81 Wild, 120 Ghost Plant, 146 Giant Hyssop, 161 Ginger, Wild, 75 Ginseng, 140 Golden Alexanders, 142 Rod, 192 Seal, 90 Gooseberry, Wild, 103 Goose-grass, 179 -plum, 109 Grape, Downy, 130 False, 130 -fern, 2 Frost, 130 June, 130 Summer, 130 Grass, Barnyard, 17 Bent, 27 Blue-eyed, 64 Bottle-brush, 38 Broom, 15 35 236 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES Grass, Bur, 20 Canary, 21 Couch, 37 Cut, 20 Dropseed, 24 Fescue, 35 Foxtail, 20 Gama, 15 Goose, 179 Green Foxtail, 20 Hair, 26 Hungarian, 20 Indian, 15 Johnson, 16 Kentucky Blue, 34 Long-awned wood, 24 Manna, 34 Marsh, 28 Foxtail, 24 Meadow, 33, 34 Fescue, 35 Melic, 32 Mesquite, 28 Orchard, 33 Panic, 17 Pepper, 97 Porcupine, 22 Rattle-snake, 29 ted-top, 26 Reed, 26, 27, 29 Reed Canary, 21 Rough Meadow, 34 Rush, 24 Rye, 36 Sand, 30 Southern Canary, 21 Spear, 33 Spear, 33 Spike, 32, 33 Squirrel-tail, 38 Star, 62 Tall Red-top, 29 Three Awned, 22 Thin, 26 Timothy, 24 Velvet, 27 Vernal, 21 Whitlow, 100 Wire, 33 Witch, 19 Wood, 34 Wood Reed, 26 Yard, 29 Yellow Foxtail, 20 Green Ash, 148 -brier, 62 Dragon, 54 Foxtail Grass, 20 Milkweed, 151 Violet, 135 Gromwell, Corn, 157 False, 158 Wood, 157 Ground Cherry, 166 Ivy, 162 | Gronnd Nut, 119 | Plum, 116 | Gum-plant, 192 Hackberry, 72 Hair Grass, 26 Hairy Spiderwort, 56 Violet, 135 Haw, Black, 180 Red, 108 Hawkweed, Prairie, 186 | Hazel-nut, 69 Hedge-hyssop, 172 -mustard, 97 -nettle, 163 Hemlock, Water, 144 Hemp, 73 Water, 83 Henbit, 163 | Herb, Willow, 139 Hickory, Shell-bark, 67 | High Mallow, 131 Hoarhound, Water, 165 White, 161 Hoary Puecoon, 157 Hog Peanut, 119 Plum, 109 Weed, 187 Honewort, 145 _ Honey Locust, 111 Plant, 102 | -suckle, 180 Wild, 91 | Hop, 73 | Medie, 113 | Hornwort, 89 | Horse Chestnut, 128 -nettle, 168 | Horse-nettle, White, 168 Radish, 99 | -tail, 6 -weed, 187, 197 | Low, 197 , Hound’s-tongue, 156 Hungarian Grass, 20 | Hyacinth, Wild, 60 Hyssop, Giant, 161 Hedge, 172 Water, 171 Indian Corn, 96 Grass, 15 Plantain, 207 | Pipe, 146 Strawberry, 105 Tobacco, 183, 197 | Indigo, False, 114 Wild, 112 Tron-weed, 190 -wood, 69 Ivy, Ground, 162 Poison, 127 Jack-in-the-Pulpit, 54 Jacob’s Ladder, 155 Japanese Morning-glory, 153 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES 237 Jimpson-weed, 169 Joe-pye Weed, 191 Johnson Grass, 16 June Grape, 130 Kentucky Blue-grass, 34 Coffee-tree, 111 King-nut, 67 Knot-weed, 77 Ladder, Jacob’s, 155 Ladies’ Slipper, 64 Tresses, 65 Lady-cigar Tree, 175 Fern, 4 Larkspur, 91 Lead-plant, 115 Leaf-cup, 198 Stick, 136 Velvet, 132 Water, 155 Lemon Mint, 164 Lettuce, Prickly, 185 White, 186 Wild, 184 Lily, Blackberry, 64 Canada, 60 Chinqueqin Water, 89 Day, 59 March, 60 Turk’s-cap, 60 Liquorice, Wild, 116, 179 Locust, Black, 115 Honey, 111 Log Orchid, Nodding, 65 Looking-glass, Venus’, 182 Loose-strife, 137 Tufted, 147 Yellow, 146 Lopseed, 177 Lousewort, 174 Low Horseweed, 197 Senna, 111 Thistle, 208 Willow, 69 Maiden-hair Fern, 5 Mallow, Crisped, 131 High, 131 Poppy, 132 Prickly, 132 Rose, 132 Yellow, 132 Manna Grass, 34 Man-of-the-Earth, 152 Maple, Black Sugar, 128 -leaved Pig-weed, 81 Sugar, 128 White, 128 March Lily, 60 Marigold, Bur, 203 Fetid, 205 Marsh Bedstraw, 179 Elder, 186 Fox-tail Grass, 24 Marsh Purslane, 138 * Grass, 28 Mary, Blue-eyed, 171 Matrimony Vine, 169 May Apple, 94 Meadow, Fescue Grass, 35 Grass, 33, 34 Rough, 34 Parsley, 144 Parsnip, 142 Rue, 94 -sweet, 104 Medic, Hop, 113 Toothed, 113 Melic Grass, 32 Mercury, Three-seeded, 123 Mesquite Grass, 28 Mexican Tea, 81 Milfoil, 205 Water, 141 Milk Vetch, 115 -weed, 150 Climbing, 152 Common, 151 Green, 151 Prairie, 151 Purple, 150 Swamp, 150 -wort, 122 Millet, 19, 20 Dotted, 16 Mint, Lemon, 164 Mountain, 164 Wild, 165 Wood, 164 Woolly, 165 Missouri Violet, 135 Mock Bishop-weed, 145 Mocker-nut, 67 Moneywort, 146 Monkey-flower, 171 Moonseed, 95 Morning-glory, 152 Corn-field, 153 Japanese, 153 Purple, 152 Red, 152 Swamp, 152 Motherwort, 162 Moth Mullen, 170 Mountain Mint, 164 Mousetail, 92 Mud-plantain, 57 Smaller, 57 Mudweed, 199 Mudwort, 172 Mulberry, 73 Mullen, 170 Moth, 170 Mustard, Black, 98 Hedge, 97 Tall, 98 Tansy, 101 Treacle, 102 White, 98 238 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES Narrow-leaved Pigweed, 80 pee Nee 173 Needles, Spanish, 204 Nettle, Fa se, 74 Hedge, 163 Horse, 168 White, 168 Slender, 74 Wood, 74 New Jersey ee 129 Meson -head, 2 Night Aner Catch-fly, 87 Night-shade, Black, 168 Enchanter’s, 140 Nimble-will, 23 Ninebark, 104 Nodding Log Orchid, 65 Nut, Ground, 119 Hazel, 69 King, 67 Mocker, 67 Pig, 67 Rush, 45 Oak, Black, 71 Jack, 71 Bur, 71 Chestnut, 71 Chinquapin, 71 Post, 71 Red, 70 Shingle, 71 Swamp White, 71 Texas Red, 70 White, 71 Obedient Plant, 162 One-seeded Bur-cucumber, 181 Onion, Wild, 59 Orache, Spreading, 82 Orange, Osage, 73 Orchard Grass, 33 Orchid, Nodding Log, 65 Orchis, Prairie, 65 _ Showy, 65 Osage Orange, 73 Ox-eye Daisy, 205 Oyster Plant, 184 Panie Grass, 17 Pansy, Wild, 135 Papaw, 90 Parsley, Fennel-leaved, 142 Meadow, 144 Prairie, 142 Parsnip, Meadow, 142 Wild, 142 Partridge Pea, 111 Patience Dock, 76 Peach, 109 Peanut, Hog, 119 Pea, Partridge, 111 Pear, Prickly, 136 Pecan, 67 Pellitory, 74 Penny-cress, 97 -royal, 164 False, 160 Spring, 164 Pepper-grass, 97 -mint, 165 -root, "100 Persimmon, 147 Petunia, Wild, 176 Phlox, Wild, 154 Pickerel-weed, 56 Pignut, 67 Pigweed, 80 City, 80 Creeping, 83 Maple-leaved, 81 Narrow-leaved, 80 Prairie, 80. Rough, 83 Slender, 83 Spiny, 83 Spreading, 81 Winged, 81 Wood, 80 Woolly, 84 Pimpernel, False, 172 ellow, 143 Pink, Prairie, 148 Pinweed, 134 Pipe, Indian, 146 Plantain, 177 57 Smaller Mud, 57 Plant, Compass, 190 up, 199 Ghost, 146 Gum, 192 Honey, 102 Lead, 115 Obedient, 162 Oyster, 184 Unicorn, 176 Plum, Goose, 109 Ground, 116 Hog, 109 Wild, 109 Poison Ivy, 127 Poke-berry, 84 Pond- weed, 8 Poor-man’s Weather-glass, 147 Poplar, Silver-leaf, 68 Poppy Mallow, 132 Bric *kly, 95 Poreupine Grass, 22 Portulaca, Post-oak, 7 Powdery hint brake, 5 Prairie Clover, 115 Dock, 199 Hawkweed, 186 Milkweed, 151 Orchis, 65 Parsley, 142 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES 239 Prairie Pigweed, 80 Pink, 148 Rose, 107 Trefoil, 114 Turnip, 114 Violet, 135 Prickly Ash, 122 Lettuce, 185 Mallow, 132 Pear, Ie Poppy, 9 Sensitive cPlant 110 Puccoon, 157 Hoary, 157 Pumpkin, Wild, 181 Purple Cone- flower, 200 Purple Milkweed, 150 Morning-glory, 152 Rocket, 99 Purse, Shepherd’s, 100 Purslane, Marsh, 138 Water, 137 Pussley, 85 Quillwort, 7 Radish, Horse, 99 Ragweed, 187 Southern, 187 Western, 187 Rape, 98 Broom, 175 Raspberry, Wild, 105 Rattle-box, 113 Rattle-snake Fern, 1 Grass, 29 Red Ash, 148 Bud, 110 Cedar, 7 Clover, 113 Haw, 108 Morning- -glory, 152 Oak ’ 70 -top Grass, 26 Tall, 29 Reed Canary Grass, 21 Grass, 26, 27, 29 Wood, 26 Rice, Wild, 20 River-dock, 76 -weed, 171 Rock-Cress, 101 Rocket, Purple, 99 Root, Alum, 103 Culver’s, 173 Rose Mallow, 132 Prairie, 107 Wild, 107 Rosin-weed, 199 Rough Avens, 106 Meadow Grass, 34 Pigweed, 83 Rue Anemone, 91 False, 91 Meadow, 94 Russian Thistle, 82 Rye Grass, 36 Wild, 38 Sage, Wild, 163 Wood, 160 Salad, Corn, 181 Sand-bar Willow, 69 -grass, 30 -wort, 88 Sanicle, 143 Scouring-rush, Common, 6 Slender, 6 , Stout, 6 Seal, False Solomon’s, 61 Golden, 90 Solomon’s, 61 Sedge, 45 Self-heal, 162 Senna, Coffee, 111 Low, 111 Wild, 111 Sensitive Fern, 3 -plant, False, 110 Prickly, 110 Service-berry, 108 ace Sorrel, 76 hell-bark Hickory, 67 Shepherd’s Purse, 100 Shingle Oak, 71 Shooting Star, 147 Showy Orchis, 65 Silver-leaf Poplar, 68 Silver Maple, 128 Silvery Spurge, 123 Skulleap, 161 Skunk Bush, 127 Sleepy Catchfly, 87 Slender Bur-reed, 8 Crab-grass, 16 Nettle, 74 Pigweed, 83 Scouring-rush, 6 Slipper, Ladies’, 64 Slippery Elm, 72 Small Bindweed, 153 Smaller Mud- plantain, 57 Small Spleenwort, 4 Smart-weed, 77 Smooth Crab-grass, 17 Spiderwort, 56 Sumac, 127 Snake-root, Button, 143 Vir inia, 75 White, 191 Sneezeweed, 204 Spike Rush, 42 Soft Chess, 36 Solomon’s Seal, 61 False, 61 240 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES Sorrel, Sheep, 76 Wood, 120 Sour Clover, 120 Southern Canary-grass, 21 Rag-weed, 187 Spear-grass, 33 Sowbane, 81 Sow Thistle, 184 Spanish Needles, 204 Spear Grass, 33 Spearmint, 165 Speedwell, Corn, 173 Water, 172 Spiderwort, Hairy, 56 . Smooth, 56 Western, 56 Spike Grass, 32-33 Rush, 42 Spiny Pigweed, 83 Spleenwort, Ebony, 5 Small, 4 Tall, 4 Spreading Orache, 82 Pigweed, 81 Avens, 106 Spring Beauty, 85 enny-royal, 164 Spurge, 124 Silvery, 123 Stinging, 124 Spurry, 89 Squaw-weed, 207 Squirrel-tail Grass, 38 Star, Blazing, 191 Grass, 62 Water, 57 -of-Bethlehem, 61 Starry Campion, 87 Star, Shooting, 147 Thistle, 208 Starwort, Water, 126 Stick-leaf, 136 -seed, 156 -tight, 116 Stinging Spurge, 124 St. John’s-Wort, 133 Stone-crop, Ditch, 103 Stout Scouring-rush, 6 Strawberry, Indian, 105 Wild, 105 Sugar Maple, 128 Black, 128 Sumac, Black, 126 Fragrant, 127 Smooth, 127 Summer Grape, 130 Sun-flower, 201 False, 199 Tickseed, 203 Swamp Aster, 194 Dock, 76 Milkweed, 150 Morning-glory, 152 Swamp Violet, 136 White Oak, 71 Sweet Brier, 107 Cicely, 144 Clover, 113 Flag, 54 Meadow, 104 William, Wild, 154 Sycamore, 104 Tall Dock, 76 Mustard, 98 Red-top Grass, 29 Spleenwort, 4 Thistle, 208 Tansy, 206 Mustard, 101 Tarweed, 138 Tea, Mexican, 81 New Jersey, 129 Tearthumb, 79 Texas Red Oak, 70 Thin Grass, 26 Thistle, Canada, 208 Common, 208 Low, 208 Russian, 82 Sow, 184 Star, 208 Tall, 208 Thoroughwort, 191 Three-awned Grass, 22 Three-seeded mercury, 123 Ticks, Beggar, 203 Tickseed, 202 Sun-flower, 203 Timothy Grass, 24 Toad-flax, Bastard, 75 Tobacco, Indian, 183, 197 Tomato, 168 Tongue, Beard, 170 ound’s, 156 Toothed Medic, 113 Touch-me-not, 129 Treacle Mustard, 102 Tree, Lady-cigar, 175 of Heaven, 122 Trefoil, Prairie, 114 | Tresses, Ladies’, 65 Trumpet Vine, 175 Tufted Loosestrife, 147 Tumble-weed, 83 Turk’s-cap Lily, 60 Turnip, 98 Prairie, 114 Turtle-head, 170 Umbrella-wort, 84 Unicorn Plant, 176 Velvet-grass, 27 -leaf, 132 Venus’ Looking-glass, 182 Verbena, Wild, 159 | Vernal-grass, 21 Vervain, 158 Vetch, 119 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES 241 Vetch, Common, 119 Milk, 115 Wild, 119 Vine, Matrimony, 169 Trumpet, 175 Violet, Bernard’s, 135 Dog-tooth, 60° Green, 136 Hairy, 135 Missouri, 135 Swamp, 136 Wood, 135 Yellow, 135 Virginia Creeper, 130 Snake-root, 75 Virgin’s Bower, 92 Wake-robin, 62 Walking Fern, 4 Wall- ewer. Western, 102 Walnut, 66 Water Cress, 99 Yellow, 99 Crow-foot, 93 White, 93 Yellow, 93 Hemlock, 144 Hemp, 83 Hoarhound, 165 Hyssop, 171 -leaf, 155 -lily, Chinquapin, 89 -milfoil, 141 -plantain, 10 -purslane, 137 Speedwell, 172 Star-grass, 57 Starwort, 126 -weed, 11 Willow, 176 -wort, 133 Weather- glass, Poor-man’s, 147 Weed, Blue, 158 Bugle, 165 Butterfly, 150 Carpet, 85 Clammy, 102 Duck, 54 Hog, 187 Jimpson, 169 Joe-pye, 191 Mud, 199 Neck, 173 Pickerel, 56 Pig, 80 River, 171 Tar, 138 Tumble, 83 Western Centaury, 148 Ragweed, 187 Spiderwort, 56 Wall- flower, 102 White Ash, 148 Avens, 106 Campion, 87 White Clover, 113 Dock, 76 Elm, 72 Evening Primrose, 140 Hoarhound, 161 Horse N ettle, 168 Lettuce, 186 Maple, 128 Milkweed, 151 Mustard, 98 Oak, 71 Swamp, fal Snakeroot, 191 Water Crowfoot, 93 Willow, 68 Whitlow-grass, 100 Widow’s-cross, 103 Wild Balsam- apple, 182 Barley, 37 Bean, 120 Bergamot, 163 Blackberry, 105 Carrot, 142 Cherry, 109 Chess, 36 Crab-apple, 108 Geranium, 120 Ginger, 75 Gooseberry, 103 Honeysuckle, 91 _ Hyacinth, 60 Indigo, 112 Lettuce, 184 Liquorice, 116, 179 Mint, 165 Onion, 59 Pansy, 135 Parsnip, 142 Petunia, 176 Phlox, 154 Plum, 109 Pumpkin, 181 Raspberry, 105 Rice, 20 Rose, 107 Rye, 38 Sage, 163 Senna, 111 Strawberry, 105 Sweet William, 154 Verbena, 159 ete tis Yai Will, Nitnble, 23 Willow, 68 Sand-bar, 69 Water, 176 White, 68 Winged Pig-weed, 81 Winter Cress, 98 Wire Grass, 33 Witch Grass, 19 242 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES Wood Bedstraw, 1793 Wormwood, 206 Fern, 3 Grass, 34 Yam, Wild, 63 Long-awned, 24 Yard-grass, 29 Gromwell, 157 Yarrow, 205 Tron, 69 Yellow Evening Primrose, 139, 140 Mint, 164 Nettle, 74 Pig-weed, 80 Reed-grass, 26 Sage, 160 Sorrel, 120 Violet, 135 Woolly Mint, 165 Pigweed, 84 Wormseed, 81 Fox-glove, 173 Fox-tail Grass, 20 Loosestrife, 146 Mallow, 132 Yellow Pimpernel, 143 Violet, 135 Water Cress, 99 Crowfoot, 93 Weed, 192 ‘joe | ie 7 i ve ok Aa 327 “MACKENZIE 2992 Tae WITHDRAWN FROM HSNY LIBRARY LIBRARY OF THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF N.Y. 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