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LIBRARY

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

GIFT OF

OCT 1 193/

Te aie

A

MANUAL OF THE INFUSORIA.

VOLUME Til PLATES:

‘¢ Our little systems have their day,
ze _ They have their day and cease to be ;
- _ They are but broken lights of Thee,
And Thou, O Lord, art more than they.”
Tennyson, Jn Memoriam.

FRONTISPIECE.

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A COLLARED MONAD... MONOSIGA GRACILIS, 5K |
Artificially fed with Carmine. The Arrows denote the darection of the current induced
by the rotatory motion of the Flagellum and the course taken by the Food particles on
striking ugainst and adhering to the pretended Collar. . cl. Collars fl: Flagellum
fg. Food globules. 1. Endoplast or Nucleus. cv. Contractiie vesicles. |

A

MANUAL OF THE INFUSORIA:

INCLUDING A DESCRIPTION OF ALL KNOWN

FLAGELLATE, CILIATE, AND TENTACULIFEROUS PROTOZOA,

BRITISH AND FOREIGN,
AND AN ACCOUNT OF THE

?

ORGANIZATION AND AFFINITIES OF THE SPONGES.

BY

W. SAVILLE KENT, F.LS., F.Z.S, F.RMS.,

FORMERLY ASSISTANT IN THE NATURAL HISTORY DEPARTMENTS OF THE ERITISH MUSEUM.

VOLUME, Ill. PEATES:

LONDON:
DAVID BOGUE, 3. Sls MARTIN’S PLACE,
TRAFALGAR SQUARE, W.C.
1880-1882.

MARAT
VHOIOOL CN OO CU ro ;
EMME BORON LY

PEATE Se

The following abbreviations retain the same significance throughout the present and
succeeding Plates :—

mn, Nucieus or endoplast. cl, Collar.
cv. Contractile vesicle. o. Oral aperture.
f. Flagellum. an. Anal aperture.

Where the figures are borrowed from another authority, the name of such authority is
bracketed ; where no bracketed name appears the figures are derived from the author’s
original investigation.

Fic.
a2;
3-6.
7,8.

Q-II.

12-17.

18.
19, 20.

at
2223:

24.
25.

20,127.

28, 29.

30.

31-33.

34-44.

45.

46-53.

54.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

TRYPANOSOMA SANGUINIS, Grube, vol. i. p. 219, x 600 (Ray Lankester).

TRYPANOSOMA EBERTHI, S. K., vol. i. p. 219, x 1200 (Eberth).

ACTINOMONAS PUSILLA, S. K., vol. i. p. 227.—7, Zooid attached by a single stalk-
like filament ; 1, zooid attached by a number of its ray-like pseudopodia,
x 800.

ACTINOPHRYS SOL, Ehr., vol. i. p. 225.—Successive developmental phases out of
a primary monadiform germ, as observed by the author, x 600.

MAGOSPHERA PLANULA, Hkl., vol. i. p. 323.—12, Adult spheroidal colony-stock,
x 240; 13, ideal optical section of the same; 14, a single isolated zooid
derived from the disintegration of the social colony-stock ; 15, a similar
zooid having assumed an amceboid phase ; 16 and 17, encysted zooids, the
one at 17 having divided by segmentation into four spheroidal sporular
bodies (Haeckel).

ACTINOMONAS MIRABILIS, S. K,, vol. i. p. 227, x 800.

MASTIGAMEBA RAMULOSA, S. K,, vol. i. p. 222,—Extended and contracted con-
ditions, x 400.

MASTIGAMEBA ASPERA, Sclz., vol. i. p. 221, X 170 (Schulze).

MASTIGAMCEBA MONOCILIATA, Carter sp., vol. i. p. 222, dimensions unrecorded
(Carter).

EUCHITONIA VIRCHOWII, HkL, vol. i. p. 228, x 370 (Haeckel).
SPONGOCYCLIA CHARYBDEA, HkL, vol. i. p. 229, x 72 (Haeckel).

RHIZOMONAS VERRUCOSA, S. K., vol. i. p. 224.—26, Animalcule enclosed within
granular gelatinous sheath, x 750; 27, example devoid of such covering.

PODOSTOMA FILIGERUM, C. & L., vol. i. p. 225.—28, Animalcule with flagelliferous
pseudopodia extended ; 29, example with appendages entirely retracted,
x 250 (Clap. and Lach.).

MASTIGAMCBA SIMPLEX, S. K,, vol. i. p. 221.—Having attached by a posteriorly
extended thread of sarcode the frustule of a diatom, probably ejected from
its body, x 800.

REPTOMONAS CAUDATA, S. K,, vol. i. p. 223.—31, Normal animalcule, profile view,
x 800 ; 32, Dorsal view of example with short posterior pseudopodal exten-
sions ; 33, a similar example in the act of ingesting food by the peripheral
extension of its body-sarcode.

NOCTILUCA MILIARIS, Suriray, vol. i. p. 397.—34, Normal adult animalcule, x 40 ;
35 and 36, peripheral regions of two animalcules having variously developed
masses of germinal bodies, x 50 (Cienkowski) ; 37, a similar germinal patch
more highly magnified, and showing its composition of uniflagellate monadi-
form elements (Cienk.) ; 38-40, isolated monadiform germs in different
aspects and phases of development, x 500 (Cienk.) ; 41, more abnormal
zoospore-like germ, xX 500 (Cienk.) ; 42, entire adult animalcule, dorsal view,
showing median groove, stylate rod, and tooth-like process (Huxley) ; 43,
latero-inferior view, showing oral cavity with tooth-like process and contained
cilium (Huxley) ; 44, conjugation of two animalcules (Cienk.).

Vol. i. p. 399. Encysted condition of Moctiluca, figured by Wyville Thomson as
a new diatom, Pyrocystis pseudo-noctiluca, x 30 (Wyv. Thom.).

LEPTODISCUS MEDUSOIDES, Hwg. (Hertwig), vol. i. p. 400.—46 and 47, Two
animalcules with edges variously folded, nat. size ; 48, animalcule extended,
x 40; 49, zooid in vertical section, showing the thicker central and more
attenuate peripheral regions ; 50, segment of a similar section more highly
magnified, showing oblique tubular oral fossa, superiorly attached flagellum,
and at @a@a superficial oil-like globules ; 51, endoplast or nucleus of adult
animalcule, x 100; 52 and 53, supposed developmental phases of Lef/o-
discus, with, in the former instance, one half of the cyst-like body-wall
contracted.

PYROCYSTIS FUSIFORMIS, Wyy. Thomson, vol. i. p. 399.—Probably the encysted
condition of Lepfodiscus, x 35 (Wyv. Thom.).

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PLATE 1.

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EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

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1,2. CODOSIGA ALLIOIDES, S. K,, vol. i. p. 337.—1, Umbellate adult colony-stock, or
zoodendrium, bearing numerous terminal clusters of associated collared
zooids, x 650; 2, a single zooid or animalcule with its body spherically, and
collar conically contracted, x 800.

3. MONOSIGA GRACILIS, S. K., vol. i. p. 331, X 1200.

4-6. MONOSIGA GLOBULOSA, S. K., vol. i. p. 332.—4, Adult zooid, x 1500; 5, free-
swimming monadiform germ; 6, subsequent attached condition of free-
swimming germ, the characteristic collar and pedicle being as yet
undeveloped.

7-9. MONOSIGA BREVIPES, S. K., vol. 1. p. 332.—Exhibiting diverse protean contours,
Xx 1200.

10,11. CODOSIGA GROSSULARIA, S. K., vol. i. p. 338.—10, Normal adult colony-stock,
x 1000; II, smaller colony of three zooids only, having their collars coni-
cally contracted, and protruding numerous lateral, digitiform, pseudopodic
processes.

12,13. ASTROSIGA DISJUNCTA, From. sp., vol. i. p. 341.—12, Free-floating colony as im-
perfectly delineated by De Fromentel, the lateral margins of the collars and
bases of the enclosed flagella only being represented, x 600; 13, the same
colony further enlarged, the details missing in the preceding figure being
added by the author.

14. CODOSIGA PYRIFORMIS, S. K,, vol. i. p. 339, X 1200.

15-19. CODOSIGA FURCATA, S.K,, vol. i. p. 339.—15, Colony of two zooids as observed
by the author, x 1200; 16-19, imperfectly observed colony-stocks of various
dimensions, as figured by Stein in the year 1854 (‘ Die Infusionsthiere,’ Taf. iii.
figs. 42 and 43), as probable young conditions of Lfzstylis digitalis or
Zoothamnium parasita, X 450.

20-21. CODOSIGA STEINII, S. K., vol. i. p. 340, figured by Stein (‘ Wiegmann’s Archiv,’
1849), as probable young conditions of Lpéstylis (Opercularia) nutans,
X 300.

22-29. CODOSIGA (EPISTYLIS) BOTRYTIS, Ehr. sp. (C. pulcherrima, Jas.-Clk.), vol. i.
Pp. 334.—22,Colony-stock with pendulous zooids diagrammatically outlined,
x 1000; 23,smaller colony with three erect zooids ; 24, single zooid dividing
by longitudinal fission, the process having already extended through the body
and the proximal region of the contracted collar ; 25, two zooids assuming an
amoeboid condition, their collars and flagella being entirely retracted and
digitiform pseudopodia protruded from all parts of their periphery; 26, a
single zooid emitting similar but more slender pseudopodic processes, the collar
and flagellum remaining extended, x 2000; 27, sporocyst with contained
spores derived from the encystment and segmentation of a single zooid ; 28,
earliest illustration of the species in which the existence of the characteristic
membranous collars is clearly indicated, as given by Fresenius in the
year 1858 ; 29, associated colony-stocks crowded upon a confervoid filament,
x 120.

30. DESMARELLA MONILIFORMIS, S.K., vol.i. p.341.—A free-floating colony-stock
of eight laterally united zooids, x 1200.

31,32. MONOSIGA ANGUSTATA, S. K., vol. i. p. 330.—31, Normal adult zooid, x 2500;
32, immature or larval condition with the collar as yet undeveloped.

33-35. MONOSIGA OVATA, S. K., vol. i. p. 332.—33 and 34, Typical zooids, x 1200; 35,
zooid abnormally prolonged preparatory to dividing by transverse fission.

Maxtern Bro* np

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FIG.

3-7:

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10-12.

13-15.

16.
17-21.

22-24.

25.
26.
27, 20

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

SALPINGECA or MONOSIGA sp., vol. i. p. 345.—Figured in Mr. Carter’s MS. note-
book without description, Bombay, Aug. 1855.

SALPINGCCA or MONOSIGA sp., vol. ii. p. 703.—Figured by R. Greeff (‘ Wiegmann’s
Archiv,’ Heft vi., 1870) as minute Flagellata attached to pedicle of Epzstyles
flavicans.

Coposica cyMosa, S. K., vol. i. p. 337-—3 and 4, Fully developed colony-stocks,
or “zoodendria,” x 1250; 5, branchlet with three zooids, the one at a being
of abnormal size ; 6, branchlet with two zooids, the one at a having encysted
and separated by segmentation into two equal halves ; 7, apparent abnormal
colonial growth of the same species ?

CODOSIGA CANDELABRUM, S. K., vol. i. p. 339, x 800.

SALPINGECA MINUTA, S. K., vol. i. p. 347.10, Two adult zooids and a single
undeveloped germ (a) attached to an empty lorica of Dzxobryon sertularia,
X 1000; II, asingle zooid further enlarged ; 12, a zooid with collar withdrawn
presenting a semi-amceboid condition.

SALPINGECA MARINA, J.-Clk., vol. i. p. 352.—13, Early and naked condition ; 14
and 15, adult zooids with loricze developed, x 1800.

SALPINGECA PYXIDIUM, S. K., vol. i. p. 347, X 1000.

SALPINGGCA AMPULLA, S. K., vol.i. p. 349.—17, Adult zooid with fully developed
lorica, X 1250; 18, empty lorica; 19, zooid with lorica imperfectly developed
and as yet mucilaginous in consistence, at @ a monoflagellate collarless germ
attached to the exterior of the lorica; 20, a germ which has become attached
and commenced to develop its collar and protective lorica; 21, a more
advanced growth of the same zooid.

Vol. ii. p. 703. Minute flagellate and apparently collar-bearing loricate monads

(Salpingeca), attached to pedicle of Epistylis flavicans, as delineated by
Greeff, x 300.

LAGENGCA CUSPIDATA, S. K.,, vol. i. p. 360, X 1500.
SALPINGECA PETIOLATA, S. K., vol. i. p. 349, X 1250.

POLYECA DICHOTOMA, S. K., vol. i. p. 360.—Two social colony-stocks or
polythecia, x 1000.

PLATE Ill.

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EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.

FIG,

I-5. CODOSIGA UMBELLATA, Tatem sp., vol. i. p. 335.—1, More normal and adult
colony-stock with compound pedicle or zoodendrium, tripartitely branched,
x 625; 2, a single zooid, x 1250; 3, a simpler growth of the same funda-
mental formula ; 4, an example with the pedicle quadripartitely branched
(Tatem); 5, an abnormal type with five primary subdivisions of the
supporting pedicle (Stein).

6-10. CODOSIGA (EPISTYLIS) BOTRYTIS, Ehr. sp. (Stein), vol. i. p. 334.—6, An ab-
normally luxuriant colony with a spheroidal cluster of associated zooids, at
a one of the latter detached from the parent stock, x 650; 7, a colony-stock
in which at @ a larger zooid is dividing by longitudinal fission, the group of
four smaller ones at 4 having been derived from similarly repeated subdivision
of an original single zooid; 8, a free-swimming zooid detached from a
sedentary colony; 9, coalescence or conjugation of a similar free-swimming
zooid with a normal sedentary form ; 10, a zooid emitting minute pseudopodic
processes which present the aspect of adherent Bacterza.

Il, SALPING@CA CAMPANULA, S. K.,, vol. i. p. 357, X 1250.
12, MONOSIGA STEINII, S. K., vol. i. p. 331.—Five zooids attached to a stalk of
Vorticella convallaria, x 650 (Stein).

13-16. SALPINGGCA CONVALLARIA, Stein (Stein), vol. i. p. 357.—13, Three normal
zooids attached to stem of an ZEfzstylis, x 650; 14, a zooid dividing by
longitudinal fission ; 15, zooid with lorica of an irregular and abnormal form ;
16, a detached and free-swimming zooid.

17. MONOSIGA FUSIFORMIS, S. K., vol. i. p. 331.—A social group, x 1800.
18. MONOSIGA LONGICOLLIS, S. K., vol. i. p. 333, X 1800.

19-21. Monosica consociaTa, S. K., vol. i. p. 330.—19, A group showing at @ a
zooid, with collar and flagellum withdrawn, about to enter upon an encysted
state, and to the extreme right an example with a short pedicle, x 1500; 20
and 21, zooids with collars and flagella retracted and assuming a vacuolar
ameceboid phase.

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33:

34.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

SALPINGECA AMPHORIDIUM, J.-Clark, vol. i. p. 343.—1, Social colony attached
to confervoid filament, x 625; 2, a separate and normal zooid with collar
fully expanded, x 1250; 3, a zooid with collar contracted, and with lorica
supported on a rudimentary pedicle; 4, zooid encysted within its lorica ;
5, zooid with collar entirely retracted, the flagellum remaining, but much
thickened at its base, and the body-sarcode protruding in a lobose form ;
6, anterior region of zooid, showing its protrusion from the lorica in the form
of a fascicle of filamentous pseudopodia ; 7, a zooid in which the protruded
sarcode has assumed a branched, pinnatifid, contour; 8, the protruded
sarcode of the same zooid having become detached, and resembling a stellate
floating amoeba, x 1250; 9, a more minute stellate amceba-like body found
floating in the same vicinity, and probably possessing a similar derivation.

SALPINGECA STEINII, S. K., vol. i. p. 346.—10, two rosette-shaped colonies, and
four more isolated zooids attached to the pedicle of Epzstylis anastatica,
x 300 (Stein); 11, a single zooid (Stein); 12, a colony, as found by the
author, attached to the pedicle of Vortzcella campanula, x 1000.
SALPINGGCA AMPHORA, S. K,, vol. i. p. 347, X 1500.

SALPINGECA URCEOLATA, S. K., vol. 1. p. 353.—14 and 15, zooids with collar
extended and contracted ; 16, empty lorica, x 1500.

SALPINGECA RINGENS, S. K., vol. i. p. 354.—At 18 an example encysted,
x 1500.

SALPINGCECA CURVIPES, S. K., vol. i. p. 355, X 2000.
POLY@CA DICHOTOMA, S. K., vol. i. p. 360, X 1500.
SALPINGECA TINTINNABULUM, S. K,, vol.i. p. 354.—22, Encysted state, x 2000.

SALPINGCECA (?) WALLICHI, S. K., vol. i. p. 348.—23, Remains of loricz at aaa
embedded within shell substance of a Globigerina; 24, a single isolated
lorica, highly magnified.

SALPINGGCA NAPIFORMIS, S. K., vol. i. p. 355.—25, A social colony in vegetable
fibre, x 800; 26, a single zooid more highly magnified.

SALPINGCECA FUSIFORMIS, S. K., vol. i. p. 346.—27, A normal, fully expanded
zooid, X 1500; 28, a zooid with collar and flagellum retracted, assuming an
amceboid state ; 29, an encysted zooid ; 30, similar encystment, with body
broken up into numerous spore-like bodies ; 31, spore-like bodies further
developed, and being discharged from the lorica as monoflagellate germs.

A form of SALPINGGCA, apparently near S. FUSIFORMIS, dividing by transverse
fission (after Biitschli).

A probable variety of SALPING@ECA AMPHORIDIUM, vol. i. p. 343, the lorica
having a flattened base, the collar imperfectly delineated (after Biitschli).
SALPINGGCA MARINA, J.-Clk., vol. i. p. 352.—An example with the collar and

flagellum withdrawn, emitting ray-like pseudopodia, x 1800.

= a

. W. Saville Kent del W'Rhein se.

Mintern Bro* imp

PLATE Vi.

FIG.

ih
8-16.

17-19,

20-23.

33-36.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

SALPINGCECA INQUILLATA, S. K., vol. i. p. 354.—1, Zooid in its normal and fully
extended state, x 1250; 2-5, showing various phases accompanying the
process of transverse fission ; 6, a recently attached collarless zooid com-
mencing to excrete its protective lorica.

SALPINGECA LONGIPES, S. K., vol. i. p. 353.—Two zooids, x 1250.

SALPINGECA INFUSIONUM, S. K.,, vol. i. p. 356.—8. Normal adult zooid, x 800 ;
g, zooid dividing by transverse fission ; 10, distal separated half of the same
zooid presenting the form of a simple uniflagellate monad ; 11, the same
monadiform zooid attached by its posterior extremity, and having already
developed a short pedicle ; 12 and 13, further progressive phases, showing
in the latter instance the zooid fully developed, but as yet wanting a lorica ;
14, the same zooid, with collar and flagellum retracted, secreting its lorica ;
15 and 16, sporocyst and liberated monadiform germ of the same species.

SALPINGCCA CLARKII, Stein (after Stein), vol. i. p. 358.—17, A social colony
attached to the anterior extremity of a Rotifer (Phzlodina hirsuta), x 650;
18 and 19, larger examples obtained from the roots of duckweed, the zooid
in the latter instance with collar and flagella retracted and assuming an
amoeboid phase, x 650.

SALPINGGCA OBLONGA, Stein (after Stein), vol. i. p. 358.—20 and 21, Normal
zooids, x 650; 22, exhibiting an apparent conjugative process between a
normal sedentary and a naked free-swimming zooid ; 23, an encysted zooid.

SALPINGCECA VAGINICOLA, Stein, vol. i. p. 352.—Apparently an intermediate
variety of S. gvacilis, J.-Clk. (after Stein), x 650.

SALPINGCCA GRACILIS, J.-Clk., vol. i. p. 351.—25, Early condition of short-
stalked variety (after Stein); 26 and 27, adult long-stalked varieties,
x 1250; 28, zooid dividing by transverse fission within posteriorly pointed
but non-pedicellate lorica; 29, another phase of transverse fission, the
original collar and flagellum being retracted ; 30, anterior half of the same
zooid liberated as a free-swimming monadiform germ ; 31, a zooid encysted
within its lorica, and marked by a transverse divisional line ; 32, a cluster of
zooids having sessile and posteriorly rounded loricee, x 1250.

SALPINGECA CORNUTA, S. K,, vol. i. p. 350.—33, Normal adult form, the zooid
adherent to the side of its lorica by several pseudopodic posterior processes,
x 1000; 34, an abnormal variety, in which the second zooid derived by
fission has remained closely associated with the parent one, and produced a
pseudo-compound lorica ; 35, an isolated zooid, having an attenuate vermi-
cular contour; 36, a zooid attached to the wall of its lorica by a simple
pedicle-like posterior prolongation.

SALPINGCECA CYLINDRICA, S. K., vol. i. p. 348, x 2000.
SALPINGCECA TUBA, S. K., vol. i. p. 351.—A social colony, x 1500.

SALPINGECA CARTERI, S. K., vol. i. p. 348.—Monad with so-called “ ear-like
points,” as originally figured and described by Mr. Carter, & 1500.

PLATE VI.

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Pa Lilt

swans

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.
FIG,

1. HALISARCA LOBULARIS, Duj., vol. i. p. 169, a spicule-less sponge, in vertical
section, after F. E. Schulze, x 75.—a/, apertures of afferent canals or pores
leading to the spheroidal monad-lined chambers or ampullaceous sacs, am ;
ef, debouchment of efferent canal conducting from the ampullaceous sacs
to the deeper interstitial canal-systems, which finally open upon the larger
excurrent orifices or oscula ; a, 4, c,d, e, f, progressive phases of development
by segmentation of swarm-gemmules in the deeper substance of the sponge,
these occupying the positions previously filled by the ampullaceous sacs, and
from which, by metamorphosis, they are obviously derived ; g, younger and
more rudimentary phase of these bodies, embedded in the cytoblastema
adjacent to the ampullaceous sacs.

2. ESPERIA sp., vol. i. p. 169, a siliceous-spiculed sponge, in vertical section, showing
grape-like arrangement of the ampullaceous sacs round a single afferent or
pore system, x 500.—a/, entrance of afferent canal or pore, the arrows
denoting the course followed by the incurrent stream of water ; s. cy/, super-
ficial cytoblastematous layer, bounding the sponge-periphery and extended
canopy-wise over the distal extremities of the spicula; 5%, acerate spicula ;
amp, ampullaceous sacs; ¢, amcebiform cytoblasts ; a 4, imperfectly deve-
loped ampullaceous sacs in the deeper substance of the cytoblastema ;
2 a, minute bihamate spicula from the structureless cytoblastema, x 800.

3,4. GRANTIA COMPRESSA, Bowerbank, vol. i. p. 169, a calcareous-spiculed sponge.—
3, Segment of an entire transverse section, X 300, showing at @ central
cavity or cloaca receiving currents passed through the surrounding ciliated
or monad-lined chambers, 0, 6; ¢, c, two such monad-lined chambers con-
taining respectively one and two ciliated swarm-gemmules ; d, external
fringe of recurvate-clavate defensive spicula. 4, One entire, and a portion of
a second monad-lined chamber, x 600; af, afferent canal or pore by which
currents are received from the external water ; ¢/, efferent canal conducting
to the central cloacal chamber; 7, collar-bearing monads; d, external
defensive spicula; z, internally projecting triradiate spicula; yg, swarm-
gemmule in its earlier amceboid and non-segmented phase of development.

PLATE VI.

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I-17.

18-31.

32-40.

4I.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

GRANTIA COMPRESSA, Bowerbank, vol. i. p. 167, a calcareous-spiculed sponge.—
1, Small intraspicular area, showing pavement or tesselated arrangement of
collared monads; #, ~, pore apertures, x 800; 2-8, various polymorphic
forms assumed by the collared monads, x 1600; 9-12, small isolated groups
of collared monads from the same sponge, exhibiting various conditions of
metamorphosis, some of them with simply the collars withdrawn and flagella
remaining extended, others with both these organs retracted and the body
sarcode produced in form of pseudopodia, and in consequence presenting an
amcebiform contour ; at 9, the monads’ bodies filled with ingested carmine
particles ; 13, an isolated monad with collar and flagellum retained in com-
bination with a long, bifurcated, posteriorly produced pseudopodium ; 15 and
16, amoebiform phases of collared monads of the same sponge ; 17, a meta-
morphosed collared monad, with radiating pseudopodia, presenting an
Actinophrys-like aspect.

HALICHONDRIA PANICEA, Johnston, vol. i. p. 167, a siliceous-spiculed sponge.—
18, Group of collared monads attached to a slender acerate spicule, xX 1000 ;
19-23, groups of collared monads attached to spicula, and in most instances
partially immersed within a thin stratum of structureless cytoblastema, ex-
hibiting various phases of metamorphosis; 24, a group of metamorphosed
collared monads presenting an amceboid aspect; 25, very young, simply
monoflagellate, collared monads attached to a spiculum, x 1000; 26-31,
isolated amcebiform phases of collared monads of the same species, those in
the last three instances having capitate pseudopodia, and presenting an
Acineta-like contour.

ASCETTA PRIMORDIALIS, Hkl., vol. i. p. 167, a calcareous-spiculed sponge (after
Haeckel),—32-38, Metamorphosed collared monads, x 700; 39 and 40,
amcebiform zooids or cytoblasts, from the cytoblastema, the example in the
latter instance possessing two nuclei or endoplasts, and representing either
two recently coalesced zooids, or one about to divide by fission, x 700.

LEUCOSOLENIA CORIACEA, Bwhbk.,, vol. i. p. 171.—Portions of transparent cyto-
blastema surrounding a poral aperture, and containing amcebiform cytoblasts
enclosing ingested carmine particles, x 800.

Portion of cytoblastema of HALICHONDRIA PANICEA, vol. i. p. 171, containing
amcebiform cytoblasts in various stages of development, those of the smallest
order originating from sporular bodies, x 1500.

APLYSILLA SULFUREA, F. E. Sclz., vol. i. p. 171.—Associated cytoblasts, with
attenuate and interconnecting pseudopodia, x 400 (after F. E, Schulze).

PLATE VIL.

intern Bro* imp

W Samille Kent del W Rhein sc.

D200 503 Mid A ee LOG

EXPLANATION.

Fic.

1-12. HALISARCA DUJARDINII, Johnston sp., vol. i. p. 188.—1, Spheroidal monad-
chamber or ampullaceous sac, as seen in optical section without intersecting
an afferent or efferent aperture, x 800; the introversion of this monad-chamber
is alone required to produce a rosette-gemmule or ordinary swarm-gemmule as
delineated at Figs. 20, 24, and 25 ; 2, six laterally attached collared monads
from an ampullaceous sac of the same sponge, these corresponding remark-
ably in their isolated condition with the moniliform colonies of the collared
monad Desmarella montliformis represented at Pl. II. Fig. 30, x 1000;
3, ampullaceous sac of the same type as seen in optical section, and inter-
secting, where indicated by the arrows, an afferent and efferent aperture ;
4-II, progressive phases of development of an ampullaceous sac by segmen-
tation from a primitive amceboid body, x 400; at 10 the segmented products
present the aspect of simple amcebiform corpuscles possessing no flagellate
appendages, and held together by intervening hyaline cytoblastema; at 12
the same elements closely approximated have developed internally-projecting
flagella, but still want the characteristic collars; 12, profile view of matured
ampullaceous sac, with surrounding cytoblastema ; at ¢c, enclosed cytoblasts.

13-17. HALISARCA LOBULOSA, vol. i. p. 189.—13 and 14, Detached ampullaceous sac,
x 4oo (after Metschnikoff); 15-17, subspheroidal, freely detached cell-
aggregations, with externally-projecting flagella, as figured and described by
Metschnikoff under the title of “ rosette-cells,” x 400 (Metsch.).

18-21. HALISARCA DUJARDINII, vol. i. p. 190.—18-20, Spheroidal cell-combinations, or
rosette-gemmules, more fully developed, as observed by the author, and shown
to consist of various numerical aggregations of typical collared monads, x 800;
21, portion of the same sponge with, at a, earlier and undetached condition of
a similar rosette-gemmule, the externally projecting units possessing flagellate
appendages, but as yet no collars ; at 4, portion of an adjacent ampullaceous
sac ; ¢,¢, cytoblasts immersed within surrounding cytoblastema, x 800.

22-29. GRANTIA COMPRESSA, Bwhbk., vol.i.p.178. Swarm-gemmules or so-called ciliated
larve, exhibiting various phases and modifications of development, as observed
by the author.—22 and 23, simple “ planuloid” variety of such swarm-gem-
mule, as viewed superficially and in longitudinal optical section, and shown in
the latter instance to be composed of similar closely apposed, conical, uniflagel-
late elements, x 350; 24, portion of longitudinal section of a more advanced
swarm-gemmule, each constituent uniflagellate element being characterized
by the possession of a distally developed rudimentary collar, which embraces

*

Fic.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. (continued).

22-29 the base of the projecting flagellum ; through the enlargement and expansion
(continued), outwards of these constituent units the common body now possesses a dis-

30.

3, 326

36-39.

40, AI.

tinctly developed central cavity; 25, more matured developmental phase of the
same planuloid type of gemmule, in which the common body is shown to be
composed of a symmetrically ovate aggregation of typical collared monads or
spongozoa, X 600; 26-29, diverse varieties and phases of development of the
‘“‘amphiblastuloid” type of swarm-gemmule from the same sponge, produced
through the uneven growth of the constituent collared monads or spongozoa in
the neighbouring halves of the common body ; in 27, 28, and 29, the collared
monads of the posterior region have developed so much in advance of those
of the opposite extremity as to have withdrawn their collars and flagella,
assumed an amceboid condition, and coalesced more or less completely with
one another, x 600.

GRANTIA (SYCON) CILIATA, Bwbk,, vol. i. p. 178.—Variety of ‘‘amphiblastuloid”
type of swarm-gemmule, as represented by Barrois, in which an equatorial ring
of metamorphosed spongozoa presents an intermediate condition of develop-
ment as compared with the series above and below it.

GRANTIA COMPRESSA, vol. i. p. 178.—Irregularly developed “ amphiblastuloid ”
swarm-gemmules. At 31 (after O. Schmidt) the more matured amceboid
units have become invaginated within the primitive central cavity of the
common body.

SYCANDRA RAPHANUS, HkL, vol. i. p. 180.—33 and 34, “ Amphiblastuloid ”
swarm-gemmules, as represented by F. E. Schulze; in the first of these the
amoeboid units are invaginated within the uniflagellate, or so-called ecto-
dermal elements, while in the second one an entire opposite process, or the
invagination of the so-called ectodermal elements, is in course of progress ;
35, irregularly developed amphiblastuloid swarm-gemmule (after O. Schmidt).

ASCETTA PRIMORDIALIS, Hkl., vol. i. p. 181.—36, “ Planuloid ” swarm-gemmule
as seen in optical section, with internally contained cell-spherules ; 37 and
38, portions of lateral wall of a swarm-gemmule of the same sponge, showing
at aa cell-spherules derived by metamorphosis from the constituent uni-
flagellate elements ; these assuming an amceboid condition and apparently
coalescing with one or more neighbouring units, creep into and occupy the
common central cavity, as shown in the preceding figure; 39, one such cell-
spherule further enlarged, subdivided by segmentation into spore-like elements
(Oscar Schmidt).

HALISARCA LOBULARIS, Duj., vol. i. p. 189.—40, Optical transverse section
of “planuloid” swarm-gemmule, showing enclosed closely corresponding
and similarly derived cell-spherules, which are identified by Metschnikoff
with the primitive condition of the rosette-gemmules represented at Figs.
15-17 ; 41, one such cell-spherule further enlarged (Metschnikoff).

~ A

W. Sowille Kent del. WiRhein sc

Fic.
I-9.

Io,

II.

12.

13:

DAS U5.

Dele A Da Pad XG:

EXPLANATION.

LEUCOSOLENIA CORIACEA, Bwhbk., vol. i. p. 174.—1, Group of collared monads or
spongozoa, certain of them at @ a having withdrawn their collars and flagella
and assumed a quiescent state, and others at 44 become divided by
segmentation into innumerable sporular elements, x 800; 2, small area of
the same sponge magnified 2500 diameters, as viewed by the author with a
#o-inch objective; a, ordinary collared monads; 4, one such monad with
collar and flagellum withdrawn, having entered upon a quiescent or encysted
state; ¢, spore-spheres, produced by the segmentation of the metamorphosed
collared monads; @d, spores derived from the disintegration of the spore-
spheres, and scattered irregularly through the common mucilaginous cyto-
blastema, cy¢; sf, triradiate spicule; 3-7, spores in aggregate and isolated
conditions liberated from the investing cytoblastema, and in most instances
possessing single terminal flagella, x 2500; 8 and 9, spore-masses figured as
entoderm cells by Metschnikoff, x 400.

ASCORTIS FRAGILIS, Hkl., showing at a @ collared monads, and at 6a group of
sporular elements with flagellate appendages (figured by Haeckel as sperma-
tozoa), X 400.

ASCETTA PRIMORDIALIS, Hkl.—A portion of the inner or lining wall; @ a, pore-
apertures circumscribed by flagelliferous monads ; 04, spore-groups derived
by metamorphosis from the ordinary collared monads, interpreted by
Haeckel as sperm-cells ; ¢ ¢, large amoeboid bodies derived from the meta-
morphosis and coalescence of similar collared cells, which develop later into
the characteristic ciliated swarm-gemmules, x 350 (Haeckel).

Vol. i. p. 173. Spore-like bodies, found by the author associated with a species of
Halichondria, x 600.

Vol. i. p. 173. Spore-like mass from the interstitial substance of a species of
flymeniacidon, X 500.

LEUCOSOLENIA BOTRYOIDES, Bwbk.,, vol. 1. p. 173.—14, An intraspicular area, con-
sisting of a film-like expansion of transparent and structureless cytoblastema
in which are immersed collared monads in an encysted state, those at a a
having become divided by segmentation into sporular elements ; at 04,
similar spore-masses disintegrated and dispersed within the substance of the
cytoblastema ; ¢, a minute triradiate spiculum, developed within the cyto-
blastema, X 600; 15, an isolated sporocyst with contained spores from the
same sponge, X 1200,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. (continued).
Fic.
16-18. Vol. i. p. 173. Sporocysts of a species of Hadlichondria, that at Fig. 18 burst
and discharging minute granular spores, x 600.

19. ASCETTA PRIMORDIALIS, Hkl.—Three uniflagellate spores, or so-called sperma-
tozoa, as figured by Ernst Haeckel, x 1600.

20-30. PROTEROSPONGIA H@&CKELI, S. K,, vol. i. p. 363.—A collared monad which
excretes and socially inhabits a common gelatinous matrix or “zoocytium”
resembling the cytoblastema of an ordinary sponge; 20, a social colony of
about forty monads, x 800; at aa, zooids which, withdrawing their collars
and flagella, have assumed an aspect corresponding with the amcebiform
cytoblasts of a sponge-body ; 4 4, examples with collars and flagella retracted,
dividing by transverse fission; ¢¢, normal zooids, with their collars con-
tracted ; s, spore-mass; 2 2, hyaline mucilaginous zoocytium ; 21, smaller
colony of eleven zooids only, those at aaa exhibiting an amcebiform aspect
and in one instance extending slender pseudopodia ; 22, small social colony
including at @ four spore-like bodies produced by the subdivision of a
metamorphosed collared zooid, and at 44 two minute, monadiform germs ;
23, small symmetrical colony-stock of sixteen zooids, derived from the even
and continued segmentation of a single primary unit; 24 and 25, still younger
colonies of two and four zooids only ; 26, solitary attached monadiform germ,
having as yet developed neither a collar nor investing zoocytium, x 1000;
27, more advanced phase of the same zooid, having a well-developed collar
and mucilaginous investing sheath, and corresponding at this stage with the
earlier phases of Saléingeca ampulla, S. K., represented at Plate III.
Figs. 19 and 20; 28, metamorphosed collared zooid, projecting a lobose
extension of its anterior border beyond the margin of the zoocytium; 29,
spore-mass, as at 2I Ss, X 1000; 30, social colony viewed in longitudinal
optical section.

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EXPLANATION.

Figs. I-19, ILLUSTRATING DEPOSIT AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFUSORIAL GERMS ON

Fic.

I.

18.

19.

HAY-FIBRE, AS DESCRIBED AT CHAPTER IV. PAGE 136 ef seg.

Fragment of hay-fibre examined after six hours’ maceration, showing at aa
encysted Vorticel/e, and at 6 6 6 masses of microspores of Heteromita lens,
x 800.

Fragment of hay-fibre, wetted and immediately examined ; at a@ a a, microspores
of Heteromita lens ; at 6, four macrospores of Ozkomonas mutabilis; at c,
macrospores of Heteronema caudata; and at @, macrospores of an unde-
termined type, x 800.

Fragment of hay-fibre, showing at @ a mass of microspores of Heteromita lens
lodged in crevice formed by the serration of its surface, x 800.

Fragment of hay-fibre encrusted with spore-masses of the single type Heteromita
lens.

Fragment of hay-fibre examined after two weeks’ maceration, showing bacterial
film and monad spores depending in grape-like clusters from its lower surface.
Minute monads developed from these spores, mixed with vibrios and Bacterza,
swimming beneath, x 800. /

HETEROMITA LENS, Mill. sp.—6, 7, Two isolated patches of microspores, x 800 ;
8, 9, free-swimming monadiform germs developed from the patches of
microspores, X 800; 12-15, similar monadiform germs in their primarily
attached and variously aggregated free-swimming states, as seen with a
sp-inch objective, x 2500; 16 and 17, succeeding biflagellate condition of
the same germs, x 800.

HETERONEMA CAUDATA, Duj. sp., developed from the mass of the macrospores
delineated at Fig. 2 ¢, x 800.

HETEROMITA LENS.—Adult monad, x 800.

Figs. 20-46, ILLUSTRATING THE PROTOZOIC NATURE OF THE MYXOMYCETES OR
MYCETOZOA, AS DISCUSSED AT CHAPTER II. PAGE 41 ef seg. (FIGS. 32-35 AND
45-47 AFTER CIENKOWSKI, THE REMAINDER AFTER A. DE BARY).

20.

ZI

ARCYRIA INCARNATA, Pers.—Two sporocysts or sporangia ; the one at @ burst
and protruding its sporiferous rete or capillitium, x 15.

PHYSARUM PLUMBEUM, Fries.—Numerous associated sporangia, _ slightly
enlarged.

36-38.

39.
40-44.

45-47.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. (continued).

ARCYRIA CINEREA, Fries.—A single sporangium, completely filled with half-
matured spores, x 25.

PHLEBOMORPHA RUFA, de Bary.—Portion of horny rete or capillitium, with
enclosed spores, X 390.

DIDYMIUM SERPULA, Fries.—Section of sporangium, showing contained
spores.

LYCOGALA EPIDENDRON, Fries.—25, Two isolated spores ; the one at @ bursting
and liberating its monadiform germ, x 390; 26, three fully developed, free-
swimming, highly polymorphic monadiform zooids, developed from the
spores represented in the preceding figure, xX 390; 27, amoeboid condition
assumed by the same monadiform zooids, representing the first step towards
the development of the compound plasmodium ; 28, Young repent amcebi-
form plasmodium formed by the coalescence of several of the smaller
amceboid particles.

/ETHALIUM SEPTICUM, Fries.—Young repent plasmodium, x 200,

DIDYMIUM FARINACEUM, Fries.—30, Fragment of peridium or indurated outer
wall of sporangium, containing substellate calcareous spicula, x 390; 31, an
isolated spicule from the same peridium further enlarged.

DIDYMIUM SERPULA, Fries. — 32-34, Polymorphic monadiform zooids, the
example at 32 with ingested food-particles ; 7, nucleus or endoplast ; ¢ v, con-
tractile vesicle, x 350; 35, amcebiform condition of a similar monadiform
zooid, X 350.

TRICHIA VARIA, Pers.—36, Isolated spore, x 390; 37 and 38, the same spore

with its wall ruptured, and giving exit to a free-swimming monadiform
zooid.

DIDYMIUM LIBERTIANUM, Fries.— Minute subaqueously developed sporangium,
with nine or ten contained spores, x 390.

STEMONITIS OBTUSATA, Fries.—Successive phases of multiplication by fission
of a monadiform zooid, x 390.

DIDYMIUM LEUCOPUS, Fries.—Young repent amcebiform plasmodia, containing
(cv, uc) numerous contractile vesicles, the plasmodia at 45 and 46 being
in a contracted, and at 47 in a fully extended state, x 350.

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PEATE XIf.

Fic.
I-4.

10.

11-14.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.

PHALANSTERIUM DIGITATUM, St. (after Stein), vol. i. p. 362.—1, Adult branching

mucilaginous zoocytium, x 450; 2-3, early conditions of a similar zoocytium ;
4, a single animalcule, x 1200; c/, rudimentary collar.

PHALANSTERIUM CONSOCIATUM, Cienk.,, vol. i. p. 362.—5, Adult discoidal colony,

x 650 (after Stein) ; 6, an isolated animalcule further enlarged ; 7 and 8,
encysted zooids (after Cienkowski), the one at Fig. 8 having developed a
hard tricarinate capsule ; 9, an animalcule dividing by longitudinal fission.

SPONGOMONAS DISCUS, St., vol. i. p. 287, x 650 (after Stein).
SPONGOMONAS INTESTINALIS, Cienk. sp., vol. i. p. 287.—11, Filamentous adult

colony, natural size (Cienk.); 12, extremity of similar colony enlarged,
showing disposition of contained animalcules; 13, an isolated monad,
x 650; 14, fragment of gelatinous granular zoocytium, showing at @ normal
zooid; 4, two zooids derived from the longitudinal fission of such as @; ga
retracted and encysted zooid ; d, e, f, various multiplicative phases by which
a primary quiescent or encysted zooid has become divided into two, four, or
eight spore-like bodies, x 650 (12-13 after Stein).

15,16. SPONGOMONAS UVELLA, St. (Stein), vol. i. p. 288.—15, An adult colony, x 650;

17-23.

16, initial condition of such a colony as founded by a single animalcule.

SPONGOMONAS SACCULUS, S. K., vol. i. p. 288.—17, Adult colony, x 10; 18 and

19, showing proportionate ‘growth of same colony in three days as observed
by the author, natural size ; 20, fragment of granular zoocytium, containing
two normal biflagellate and a single encysted subdividing zooid, x 1200; 21
and 22, isolated zooids, x 1200; 23, encysted zooid dividing by transverse
fission.

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PLATE XII.

Minterr Brot imy,

ie
Pat ot : a
ni,

TG:
I-9.

10~18.

19.

20; 21.

22-24.
25-26.

27, 28.

29-34.

35-40.

41, 42.
43, 44.
45.

46, 47.

48.

SENG HANIA) aes ad fa lg

EXPLANATION.

MONAS DALLINGERI, S. K. (after Dallinger and Drysdale), vol. i. p. 233.—1,
Normal adult form, x 2000; 2, monad preparing to assume an encysted
state; 3, 4, 5, progressive phases following upon encystment, and resulting
in the production of a spherular aggregation of elongate vermicular macro-
spores; 6, the same macrospores liberated as simple monads resembling the
parent, but of smaller size; 7, conjugation of larger and smaller monads ;
8, encystment resulting from such conjugation; 9, the compound cyst
bursting and liberating infinitesimally minute microspores.

MONAS FLUIDA, Duj., vol. i. p. 234:—10, Typical adult monad, x 1000 ; 11-16,
metamorphic forms of similar adult monads ; 17, conjugation of two zooids ;
18, their encystment.

MONAS IRREGULARIS, Pty. (Cienkowski), vol. i. p. 236, x 350.
MONAS OBESA, Stein sp., vol. i. p. 236, x 650 (Stein).
MONAS RAMULOSA, Stein sp., vol. i. p. 235, x 600 (Stein).

LEPTOMONAS BUETSCHLHU, S. K. (Biitsch.), vol. i. p. 243.—25, A group attached
by their posterior extremities, x 600; 26, a free-swimming monad, x 1500.

OPHIDOMONAS JENENSIS, Ehr., vol. 1. p. 244, X 600 (Ehr.).

HERPETOMONAS MUSC-DOMESTIC&, Burnet sp. (Stein), vol. i. p. 245.—29-32,
Polymorphic phases of the adult monads, x 650; 33 and 34, monads dividing
by longitudinal fission.

HERPETOMONAS LEwISII, S. K. (Lewis), vol. i. p. 245.—35-38, Various contours
of the adult organism, x 800; 39, two red and forty-one colourless corpuscles
of the rat’s blood which they inhabited, equally magnified to show pro-
portionate size.

SCYTOMONAS PUSILLA, St., vol. i. p. 241, x 650 (Stein).
PLEUROMONAS JACULANS, Pty., vol. i. p. 249, x 500 (Perty).

MEROTRICHA BACILLATA, Meresch., vol. i. p. 249 (Dimensions unrecorded)
(Mereschkowski).

CYATHOMONAS ELONGATA, From., vol. i. p. 243.—47, Dividing by longitudinal
fission, X 600 (De Fromentel).

CYATHOMONAS TURBINATA, From., vol. i. p. 242, x 400 (De Fromentel).

*

Fic.
49-53:

54.

55-64.

65-70.

we

72.

esac

78-80.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII. (continued).

ANCYROMONAS SIGMOIDES, S. K., vol. i. p. 247.—49, Free-swimming animalcule,
x 1500; 50, animalcule fixed by distal termination of the single flagellum,
the dotted outline indicating the position alternately assumed by the body
with relation to the flagellum in the course of its rapid oscillations, x 2500 ;
51-53, showing the several progressive phases of oblique fission.

PLATYTHECA MICROPORA, St., vol. i. p. 262.—Three loricze with their contained
animalcules attached to a joint of conferva; at @ two zooids, the result of
fission, occupy the same lorica, x 650 (Stein).

OIKOMONAS MUTABILIS, S. K., vol. i. p. 250.—55, A group of four monads
attached to vegetable fibre, showing at @ and 4 normal sedentary forms, at ¢
an example ingesting food-matter at its lateral periphery, and at d a young
and recently adherent example, not having yet developed a filiform pedicle,
x 800 ; 56, an adult monad about to exchange its sedentary for a free-
swimming condition; 57, the same monad detached and free-swimming,
still retaining an attenuation of its posterior and previously fixed extremity ;
58, typical free-swimming zooid ; 59 and 60, more aberrant forms; 61, a
motile zooid dividing by longitudinal fission ; 62 and 63, spore-masses pro-
duced by segmentation of encysted animalcules; 64, a young monad
developed from a spore.

O1KOMONAS STEINI (S. K.), vol. i. p. 253.—65, A group of monads attached to
a spheroidal bacterial mass, x 650; 66, four monads similarly attached,
exhibiting a considerable irregularity of contour; 67, a free-swimming
animalcule with branched posterior extremity ; 68, a free-swimming animal-
cule dividing by transverse fission ; 69 and 70, young free-swimming monads
(Stein).

OIKOMONAS QUADRATA, S. K., vol. i. p. 254.—A group of five monads ; at @
and 8, zooids ingesting food at opposite regions of the periphery, x 800.

OIKOMONAS OBLIQUA, S. K., vol. i. p. 252, filled with artificially administered
carmine-particles, a portion of which it is discharging from its posterior
extremity, x 2500.

OIKOMONAS ROSTRATA, S. K., vol. i. p. 253-—73, A group of monads attached
to a vegetable-fibre, x 800; 74 and 75, two attached monads, the one with
and the other without a posteriorly developed pedicle, x tooo; 76, an
example with an abnormally long pedicle ; 77, a free-swimming monad with
pedicle retracted.

OIKOMONAS TERMO, J.-Clark sp., vol. i. p. 251.—78, A group attached to vegetable
fibre, showing at @ a zooid dividing by longitudinal fission, at 6 an example
ingesting food-matter, and at ¢ a young, recently attached and almost stalkless
zooid, X 1000; 79, a free-swimming monad ; 80, a free-swimming zooid
dividing by fission.

PLATE Xi.

W.Sonille Kent del, W.Rhem sc.

1h

i

i)

“PEATE Xe

Fic.
I-3.
4-6.
7-8.
Q-II.

1213.

14.
15, 16.

17-20.

21
22-30,

31533:

34-36.

37-45.

46-52.

53.
54.

Jems)

60-65.

66.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV.

BODO JULIDIS, Leidy, vol. i. p. 256, x 750 (Leidy).
BobDO MAXIMUS, Schmarda, vol. i. p. 257, x 300 (Schm.).
BODO URINARIUS, Hassall, vol. i. p. 258, x 400 (Hass.).

BODO LYMN4&I, Stiebel sp., vol. i. p. 257.—9 and 10, Motile zooids, x 600; 11,
sporocyst with escaping germs, x 250 (Ecker).

Bobo (CRYPTOBIA) HELICIS, Leidy, vol. i. p. 256, x 400 (Leidy).
BODO INTESTINALIS, Ehr., vol. i. p. 255, x 400.

CERCOMONAS CRASSICAUDA, St., vol. i. p. 260.—At 16, with posterior irregular
pseudopodic extensions, x 600 (Stein).

CERCOMONAS LONGICAUDA, Duj., vol. i. p. 259.—17 lateral, 18 dorsal view; 19
and 20, progressive stages of longitudinal fission, x 600 (Stein).

CERCOMONAS CYLINDRICA, Duj., vol. i. p. 260, x 1200 (Dujardin).

CERCOMONAS TYPICA, S. K. (Dallinger and Drysdale), vol. i. p. 259.—22, Normal
adult monad, x 1750; 23 and 24, amceboid phases of matured monads ; 25
and 26, successive results of coalescence of two amceboid monads ; 27,
sporocyst ultimately derived from foregoing coalescence ; 28, sporocyst burst
and liberating minute spores; 29 and. 30, progressive phases of transverse
fission.

GONIOMONAS TRUNCATA, Fres. sp., vol. i. p. 280.—At a, eye-like pigment-band,
x 600 (Stein).

SPUMELLA VIVIPARA, Ehr. sp. (Stein), vol. i. p. 306.—34 Attached, 35 and 36
free-swimming conditions; at a, eye-like pigment-band or supposed oral
aperture, xX 600.

PHYSOMONAS SOCIALIS, S. K., vol. i. p. 263.—37, A group of five monads attached
to vegetable fibre, showing at @ and 4 examples incepting food-matter at
opposite regions of their periphery, x 1000; 38, a free-swimming monad ;
39 and 40, illustrating the alternating systole and diastole of the two medianly
located contractile vesicles ; 41 and 42, phases of longitudinal fission ; 43, an
encysted group, showing at a a stalked and at 4a stalkless cyst ; at ¢, two
stalks connected with a single and larger cyst, indicating its derivation from
the conjugation or coalescence of two zooids, x 1500; 44, a sporocyst with
ripe spores, x 2000; 45, monadiform germs released from the same sporocyst,
X 2500.

SPUMELLA GUTTULA, Ehr. sp. (Stein), vol. i. p. 305, x 600.—46, Normal attached
monad ; 47 and 48, free-swimming monads ; 49 and 50, illustrating conjuga-
tive process of larger and smaller monads; 51 and 52, successive phases of
longitudinal fission.

CODONECA COSTATA, J.-Clk., vol. i. p. 261, X 1000 (J.-Clark).
CODONECA OBLIQUA, S. K., vol. i. p. 261, x 800.

AMPHIMONAS GLOBOSA, S. K., vol. i. p. 281.—55, A group of four monads, one,
at a, incepting food on its lateral periphery, x 800; 56-59, successive
phenomena observed during the inception of a large Bacillus, and in the
preliminary phases of which process (Figs. 56 and 57) a film-like expansion
of sarcode was extended over the captured prey.

DELTOMONAS CYCLOPUM, S. K., vol. i. p. 283.—60, A social group attached to
hair of a species of Cyclops; at a, a free-swimming animalcule, and at 6a
young non-flagellate germ, x 1500; 61,a single monad, x 3000; 62, a group
of four monads united by their posterior extremities; 63, longitudinal
fission ; 64 and 65, sporocysts with spores.

AMPHIMONAS DIVARICANS, S. K., vol. i. p. 282, x 2500.

W Saville Kent del, WRhem se .

sie

Fic.
I-17.

18-28.

29-41.

2, 43.

44.
45, 46.

47, 48.
49-60.

61-64.

65, 66.

67-78.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV.

HETEROMITA LENS, Miill. sp., vol. i. p. 291.—1 and 2, normal adult monad in the
fixed and free-swimming conditions, x 800; 3 and 4, irregular-shaped amcebi-
form conditions ; 5 and 6, two monads attached close to each other and
about to coalesce ; 7, coalescence or conjugation ; 8 and 9, phases succeed-
ing conjugation, productive in the last instance of a spheroidal sporocyst ;
10, sporocyst, with contents consisting of innumerable microspores ; 11-14,
minute, uniflagellate, monadiform germs, developed from such microspores,
and either single or adherent in diverse combinations, X 2500; 15, two
sporocysts, containing eight or sixteen macrospores ; 15, a sporocyst with four
macrospores only; 17, the same sporocyst burst open and giving birth to four
biflagellate germs differing only in size from the parent animalcule, x 1000.

HETEROMITA ROSTRATA, S. K. (Dallinger and Drysdale), vol. i. p. 293.—18,
attached condition of adult monad, the outlines at @ and @ indicating the
positions to which the body is projected by the uncoiling and extension of the
posterior and adherent flagellum, x 1500; 19 and 20, successive phases of
longitudinal fission ; 21 and 22, conjugation of two monads ; 23, triangular
sporocyst resulting from such conjugation ; 24, the same sporocyst bursting
at its angles and releasing the enclosed microspores, x 2000; 25 and 26,
development at phases of the released microspores, liberated from the trian-
gular sporocyst, x 2500; 27 and 28, further progressive stages towards the
attainment of the parent form at the end of eight and ten hours, x 2500.

HETEROMITA UNCINATA, S. K. (Dall. and Drysd.), vol. i. p. 294.—Normal adult
monad, xX 1500; 30, irregular semi-amceboid phase, preceding fission ; 31,
fission ; 32, conjugation of two monads of diverse size ; 33, conjugation of
four monads ; 34-39, sporocyst resulting from conjugation with successive
phases of segmentation of its contents, producing finally a mass of minute
microspores ; 40, bursting of sporocyst and release of contents as minute
uniflagellate germs; 41, one such germ a few hours later, having nearly
attained the parent form.

PSEUDOSPORA VOLVOCIS, Cienk., vol. i. p. 304, X 400.—Natatory and repent
conditions of the same zooid (Cienkowski).

HETEROMITA ADUNCA, Meresch., vol. i. p. 297, x 1500 (Meresch.).

COLPONEMA LOXODES, St., vol. i. p. 297.—45, dorsal, and 46, ventral aspect, x
600 (Stein).

PHYLLOMITUS UNDULANS, St., vol. i. p. 299, x 600 (Stein).

SPIROMONAS ANGUSTATA, Duyj. sp., vol. i. p. 298.—49-52, Free-swimming monads,
with their bodies in all cases, excepting 52, variously contorted, x 1500; 53,
an adherent monad ; 54,amoebiform condition ; 55, two amcebiform monads
conjugating ; 56-59, successive phases of encystment and spore-production ;
60, free-swimming monad, as represented by Dujardin.

HETEROMITA GLOBOSA, St. sp. (Stein), vol. i. p. 295.—61-63, Normal adult
monads, x 600; 64, a number of monads tenanting the cell of an Gidogo-
nium, and feeding on its contents.

HETEROMITA OVATA, Duj., vol. i. p. 295.—Dorsal and lateral aspects, x 600
(Stein).

POLYTOMA UVELLA, Mill. sp., vol. i. p. 302.—67-6y, Animalcules showing loop-
like flexure of the basal region of the flagella, the example in the first instance
being attached by this loop-like coil, as observed by the author, x 800; 70 and
71, examples with supposed basal inflations of the flagella, or independent
knobbed appendages, as represented by Messrs. Dallinger and Drysdale ;
72-74, successive phases of multiplication by complete segmentation of
the internal contents (Dallinger and Drysdale) ; 75, multiplication by the
breaking up of the endoplasm of the posterior region only into minute
angular germs (D. and D.) ; 76, the same angular germs, more highly magni-
fied (D. and D.); 77, conjugation of two animalcules (D. and D.) ; 78, rupture
of sporocyst resulting from such conjugation, and release of microspores,
x 800 (D, and D.),

WS
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ss ay

WA

PAA ee ee.

et be oe

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI.

Fic.

I-3. RHIPIDODENDRON SPLENDIDUM, St. (Stein), vol. i. p. 285.—Flabelliform com-
pound colony-stock or zoothecium, consisting of several hundred closely-
united tubules, the entire structure representing the product by repeated
subdivision and excretion of a primarily single monadiform animalcule, x 400 ;
2, young zoothecium, constructed up to the point of bifurcation by a single
monad, which then dividing by longitudinal fission, has produced two
parallel tubes, x 600; 3, an isolated monad, xX I150.

4-8. RHIPIDODENDRON HUXLEYI, S. K.,, vol. i. p. 286.—4, Detached ramuscule from
an adult branching zoothecium, x 170; 5, portion of branchlet, showing
quadruple tubular construction, x 300; 6, distal termination still more
magnified, showing contained monads, x 800; 7, diagrammatic illustration
of mode in which the characteristic branching zoothecium is produced, the
four primary monads, as at a, divided by longitudinal fission, the right and
left halves of such total product then parting, as at 4, and forming their
respective tubules at divergent angles; 8, symmetrically developed adult
zoothecium, X 5; 9, an adult zoothecium, natural size.

LEA

rita

Mastern Bro® amp.

W. Sawille Kent del. WRhein lith.

y/

* EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.

IG. :

1-4. DENDROMONAS VIRGARIA, Weisse sp., vol. i. p. 266.—1, Adult colony-stock
or zoodendrium, x 800; 2, younger and less ramified zoodendrium, as
figured by Stein, ‘ Wiegmann’s Archives,’ 1849, as a probable young condition
of Epistylis anastatica; 3, an isolated monad, X 2000; 4, colony of two
monads in process of division by longitudinal fission.

5-7. CLADONEMA LAXA, S. K., vol. i. p. 265.—5, adult colony, x 1000; 6, a monad
dividing by longitudinal fission; 7, a single monad ingesting a food-particle
towards the posterior region of its periphery, X 3000.
8. DENDROMONAS PUSILLA, Schmard. sp., vol. i. p. 266, X 250.
g-11. ANTHOPHYSA SOCIALIS, From., vol. i. p. 272.—9 and 10, Colony-stocks, after
De Fromentel, x 350; 11, head of colony-stock, including centrally an
encysted monad, x 1500, after Biitschli.

12. CEPHALOTHAMNIUM CUNEATUM, S. K., vol. i. p. 273, x 1250.

13-26. ANTHOPHYSA VEGETANS, Mill. sp., vol. i. p. 267.—13-15, Branching colony-
stocks and detached monad clusters, or ccenobia, as originally delineated
by O. F. Miller, x 50; 16, a typical, erect, shortly branching colony-
stock, with four terminal monad-clusters or ccenobia, X 400; 17, a portion
of common stem, showing its compound or fibrous nature; 18 and 19,
two colonies in which the monads, being fed with carmine, have after
passing it through their bodies, incorporated the pigment from the points a,
into the substance of the common stem, xX 800; 20-22, sporocyst, showing
progressive phases resulting in the liberation of the contents in the form of
simple monadiform germs, x 800; 23, the empty sporocyst, showing its
composition of an outer firmer and inner more delicate and elastic mem-
brane ; 24, monadiform germs liberated from sporocyst, x 2000; 25, subse-
quent resting condition of the same germs; 26, branching zoodendria
derived from these resting spores, the monad clusters having become de-
tached.

27-32. CEPHALOTHAMNIUM C&SPITOSA, S. K., vol. i. p. 272.—27 and 28, Adult com-
pound colony-stocks, x 1200; 29-31, single stalked monads, those in the last
two figures emitting pseudopodia from within the distal region only, or from
the entire surface of their periphery, x 1800; 32,a zooid dividing by trans-
verse fission.—The size of the zooids in the descriptive account of this
species has been accidentally set down as I-5000”, instead of 1-3000,”

PLATE XVI.

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333°

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII.

ANTHOPHYSA VEGETANS, Miill., vol. i. p. 267 (Stein).—1, Prolific colony-stock,
with lax homogeneously-granulate branching stem, x 500; 2, detached
monad cluster, or “ coenobium,” seen from below ; 3, ccenobium, showing its
relationship to supporting pedicle, as seen in vertical optic section, x 1000 ;
4 and 5, free-swimming ccenobia, composed of a small number of monads
only ; 6, disintegrated ccenobium, the monads with tail-like posterior pro-
longations, X 1000 ; 7 and 8, independently motile monads, with pseudopodic
processes, derived from breaking up of the adult ccenobium; 9, one such
motile zooid, fixed by a posterior pseudopod-like extension ; 10, early con-
dition of sedentary colony-stock, bearing a single ccenobium of eight
monads only.

CLADOMONAS FRUTICULOSA, vol. i. p. 284 (Stein).—11, Adult tubular colony-stock
or zoothecium, showing at @ a detached monad, and at 4 two monads, the
result of longitudinal fission, temporarily inhabiting the same tube, x 650;
12, terminal branchlet of variety having dark-coloured band-like internodes.

BICOSGCA LACUSTRIS, vol. i. p. 275, J.-Clk.—13, Adult monad in lorica, x 1250;
14 and 15, successive phases of transverse fission; 16, distally separated,
free-swimming integer of fissive process, presenting a Heteromita-like
aspect ; 17, monad with spirally-coiled flagella, retracted within its lorica ;
18, lorica with sporular contents ; 19, adult monad in lateral aspect, showing
eccentric development of thread-like footstalk, and lip-like prolongation of
the anterior region, x 1250.

BICOSGCA CURVIPES, S. K.—Contained monad dividing by longitudinal fission
or conjugating with an externally derived zooid, x 1500.

BICOSCECA GRACILLIPES, J.-Clk., vol. i. p. 276.—21, normal form ; 22, example
with shorter pedicle and more exsert zooid, x 1250.

BICOSECA TENUIS, S. K., vol. i. p. 276, X 1500.

HEDRAOPHYSA BULLA, S. K., vol. i. p. 274, X 1500.

BICOSECA POCILLUM, S. K., vol. i. p. 277.—25, Typical adult form, x 1000; 26,
monad dividing by transverse fission ; 27 and 28, obtusely and acuminately
pointed free-swimming monads derived from the fissive process; 29, a
similarly derived monad adherent by its posterior extremity, but as yet
wanting the characteristic protective lorica.

DIPLOMITA SOCIALIS, S. K., vol. i. p. 289.—30, Social group attached to a
confervoid filament ; 31, two monads within their stalked loricee, x I500,
at e eye-like pigment-spots.

STYLOBRYON EPISTYLOIDES, S. K., vol. 1. p. 279, X 1500.

CEPHALOTHAMNIUM C&SPITOSA, S. K., vol. 1. p. 272 (Stein).—33, Adult colony-
stock, x 1000; 34 and 35, free-swimming and attached isolated monads.

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16-19.

20.

21.22.
23-25.

20,127.

28, 29.
30-32.
33; 34
35-41.

42-48.

49, 50.

ne
52-54.

55.
56-59.

60-62.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX.

TREPOMONAS AGILIS, Duj., vol. i. p. 300.—1-8, Animalcule from various points
of view, and with the body straight or twisted upon itself, as represented by
Stein, at 7 an example dividing by longitudinal fission, x 650 ; 9, character-
istic aspect as given by Perty; 10-12, other phases, as delineated by O. F.
Biitschli, the arrows in the last instance indicating the course followed by
the circulatory motion of the endoplasm; 13 and 14, young animalcules
after Stein.

CHLORASTER AGILIS, S. K., vol. i. p. 317, X 1250.

CALLODICTYON TRICILIATUM, Carter, vol. i. p. 307.—17, an animalcule en-
veloping a vegetable filament, x 400 (Carter).

CHLORASTER TETRARHYNCHUS, Schm., vol. i. p. 316, x 350 (Stein).
CHLORASTER GYRANS, Ehr., vol. i. p. 316, X 250 (Stein).

TRIMASTIX MARINA, S. K,, vol. i. p. 312.—23 and 24, lateral, 25, oblique view,
xX 1250.

TETRAMITUS SULCATUS, St., vol. i. p. 314, x 430 (Stein).
TETRASELMIS CORDIFORMIS, Carter sp., vol. i. p. 315, X 450 (Stein).
TRICHOMONAS BATRACHORUM, Pty., vol. i. p. 308, x 650 (Stein).
TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS, Duj., vol. i. p. 309, X 1000 (Dujardin).

DALLINGERIA DRYSDALI, S. K., vol. i. p. 310 (Dallinger and Drysdale) ; 35,
animalcule fixed by two posterior flagella, and showing at a and 6 respective
positions occupied by the body during the alternate extensions and spiral
contractions of these appendages, x 2000; 36, free-swimming animalcule,
seen from above; 37, example dividing by longitudinal fission; 38,
animalcule with posterior flagella retracted and about to enter upon an
encysted state; 39, encystment ; 40, sporocyst bursting and liberating clouds
of microspores, X 2000; 41, triflagellate monads developed from the liberated
microspores.

TETRAMITUS ROSTRATUS, Pty., vol. i. p. 313 (43, 47, and 48 after Stein, the
remainder after Dallinger and Drysdale).—42, Normal free-swimming
animalcule, x 1000 ; 43, ventral view, showing groove-like channel ; 44 and
45, successive phases of longitudinal fission, accompanied by the assumption
of an irregular amcebiform contour ; 46, biflagellate animalcule derived by
fission with flagella in process of further subdivision, so as to reproduce the
normal number ; 47 and 48, young animalcules, x 650.

TETRAMITUS DESCISSUS, Pty., vol. i. p. 314, X 1500 (Biitschli).
LOPHOMONAS STRIATA, Biitschli, vol. i. p. 322, x 800 (Biitschli).

LOPHOMONAS BLATTARUM, St., vol. i. p. 321.—52 after Biitschli, 53 and 54,
after Stein, x 650.

HEXAMITA ROSTRATA, St., voli. p. 320, X 650.

HEXAMITA INFLATA, Duj., vol. i. p. 319 (56-58 after Stein).—56, normal adult
animalcule, x 650; 57, animalcule about to divide by longitudinal fission ;
58, example with posterior flagella entangled in floccose matter ; 59, animal-
cule fixed by the extremities of its posterior flagella, and gyrating upon the
same, as observed by the author, x 1000.

HEXAMITA INTESTINALIS, Duj., vol. i. p. 318.—60, free-swimming animalcule,
x 10co ; 61, example anchored by the posterior flagella, and actively vibrating
the four anterior ones; 62, an example with toothed antero-lateral borders
and pseudopodic posterior prolongations (Stein).

W.Saville Kent de When hth

=
=
b=

Fic.

22.

23.
24-25.

26.

27, 28.

29-51.

PLATE) XOX.
EXPLANATION.

PARAMONAS GLOBOSA, From. sp., vol. i. p. 370, X 400 (Fromentel).
PARAMONAS STELLATA, From. sp., vol. i. p. 370, X 400 (Fromentel).
PETALOMONAS MEDIOCANELLATA, St., vol. i. p. 371, X 350 (Stein).
PETALOMONAS SINUATA, St., vol. i. p. 372, X 400 (Stein).

PETALOMONAS ABSCISSA, Duj. sp., vol. i. p. 371, dorsal and ventral views,
xX 500 (Stein).

PETALOMONAS ERVILIA, St., vol. i. p. 372, X 400 (Stein).

PETALOMONAS IRREGULARIS, S. K., vol. i. p. 372, X 1250,

ATRACTONEMA TERES, St., vol. i. p. 373.—I1, Animalcule dividing by longi-
tudinal fission; 12, example without flagellum, and with the endoplast
enlarged and broken up into germinal elements, x 640.

PHIALONEMA CYCLOSTOMUM, St., vol. i. p. 373, X 500.—14, Variety with spirally
ribbed cuticle (Stein).

MENOIDIUM PELLUCIDUM, Pty., vol. i. p. 374.—15, As observed by the author;
16, after Stein, x 600.

ASTASIA TRICHOPHORA, Ehr. sp., vol. 1. p. 376.—17, Typical adult zooid, after
Biitschli, x 600; 18, example with internal germ-like bodies, after Carter ;
19-21, various polymorphic forms.

COLPODELLA PUGNAX, Cienk., vol. i. p. 378.—Three animalcules parasitically
attached to a cell of Protococcus, x 500 (Cienkowski).

SPIROMONAS DISTORTA, Duj. sp., vol. i. p. 298, x 600 (Dujardin).

EUGLENA ACUS, Ehr., vol. i. p. 383.—25 and 26, after Stein, x 300.

EUGLENA OXYURIS, Schm., vol. i. p. 383, X 200 (Stein).

EUGLENA SPIROGYRA, Ehr., vol. i. p. 382.—27, Normal extended animalcule, as
observed by the author, at @ a, amylaceous corpuscles, x 240; 28, con-
tracted phase (Stein).

EUGLENA VIRIDIS, Ehr., vol. i. p. 381.—29, Animalcule with a bulbous distal
termination to the flagella, after W. H. Robson ; 30-33, polymorphic con-
tours assumed at will by the same animalcule, xX 200; 34, typical form,
x 600; 35, anterior extremity, with o f, funicular oral fossa, c v, contractile
vesicle, and ¢, eye-like pigment-spot ; 36, animalcule with large ovate inter-
nally developed germs; 37, an example with enclosed irregularly shaped

amecebiform germinal bodies; 38 and 39, transparent varieties (2. Zyadina,
*

FIG.
29-51

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX. (continued).

Ehr.) containing large central modified endoplasts or germ-spheres (after

(continued). | Stein); 40 and 41, similar animalcules giving exit by rupture of their germ-

2, 53.

54-56.

57:
58.

59.
60-62.

63.
64.

spheres to swarms of minute monadiform germs (Stein) ; 43, an animalcule
emerging from a temporary encystment (Stein); 43, an example of fission as
accomplished during the encysted state (Stein); 44-48, various phases of
encystment accompanied with the production of internal germ-spheres,
(Stein); 49 and 50, examples of encystment observed by the author, in which
the entire endoplasmic contents have become divided into spheroidal spore-
like bodies, at 50 a double sporocyst formed apparently by the conjugation
of two animalcules; 51, repent amcebiform germs developed from the
preceding sporocysts, x 600.

EUGLENA DESES, Ehr., vol. i. p. 383, xX 500.—At 53, a young non-flagellate
zooid (Stein).

EUGLENA TUBA, Carter, vol. i. p. 385.—54, Normal free-swimming animalcule,
x 300; 55, flask-shaped encystments associated in mucous reticulation ;
56, a single flask-shaped body, more highly magnified (Carter).

EUGLENA VIRIDIS dividing by longitudinal fission, x 300 (Carter).

EUGLENA ZONALIS, Carter, vol. i. p. 388, x 300 (Carter).

CCLOMONAS GRANDIS, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 393, * 400 (Stein).

RAPHIDOMONAS SEMEN, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 392.—At 61, example with hair-like
trichocysts extended, x 400 (Stein).

AMBLYOPHIS VIRIDIS, Ehr., vol. i. p. 386, x 200 (Ehrenberg).

EUGLENA AGILIS, Carter, vol. i. p. 384.—Encysted animalcule, having by the

abnormal process of serial subdivision become separated into four lineally
disposed, equal-sized segment masses, x 300 (Carter).

Vy

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28, 29.

PLATE XXI.

EXPLANATION.

PHACUS TRIQUETER, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 387.—a a, Amylaceous corpuscles; ¢,
eye-like pigment-spot, x 600 (Stein).

PHACUS PLEURONECTES, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 386 (Stein).—2, Normal animalcule,
x 600; 3, example with the nucleus or endoplast divided into four frag-
ments, those at ¢ ¢ being further separated into germinal elements, consti-
tuting the so-called “ germ-sacs ” or “ germ-spheres” of Professor Stein ; 4,
an instance of transverse fission ; 5, indurated membrane or carapace left
after the decay of the enclosed body-substance.

PHACUS LONGICAUDUS, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 387 (Stein).—6, More normal form;
7, spirally twisted non-flagellate example, x 300.

CHLOROPELTIS HISPIDULA, Eichwald, vol. i. p. 388.—8, Lateral, 9, ventral
aspect, X 600 (Stein).
PHACUS PYRUM, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 387, x 600 (Stein).

CHLOROPELTIS OVUM, Ehr., vol. 1. p. 388.—a@ a, Amylaceous corpuscles ; 13
subcylindrical variety, x 600 (Stein).

TRACHELOMONAS VOLVOCINA, Ehr., vol. i. p. 389 (Stein).—14, Normal type,
x 500; 15, animalcule with flagellum retracted, emerging from its lorica;
16, example bursting and liberating monadiform germs.

TRACHELOMONAS RUGULOSA, St., vol. i. p. 389, X 500 (Stein).

TRACHELOMONAS LAGENELLA, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 389 (Stein).—19, Encysted
example with body divided by transverse fission, x 500.

TRACHELOMONAS CYLINDRICA, Ehr., vol. i. p. 390, 600 (Stein),

TRACHELOMONAS HISPIDA, Pty. sp., vol. i. p. 390 (Stein).—21, Necked variety,
x 500; 22, neckless variety, with animalcule emerging from its lorica; 23,
example with lorica invested with an outer mucilaginous covering.

TRACHELOMONAS CAUDATA, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 391, X 500 (Stein).
TRACHELOMONAS ARMATA, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 390, X 500 (Stein).
TRACHELOMONAS ACUMINATA, Schmarda, vol. i. p. 391, x 450 (Stein).
TRACHELOMONAS EURYSTOMA, St., vol. i. p. 390, X 500 (Stein).

ASCOGLENA VAGINICOLA, St., vol. i. p. 393 (Stein).—28, Normal form, x 500;
29, example divided by transverse fission, the anterior segment emerging
from the parent lorica.

’

FIG.
30-32.

33:
34-38.

39-41.

52, 53-

54-59:

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI. (continued).

COLACIUM CALVUM, St., vol. i. p. 395 (Stein).—30, Social colony-stock, x 400 ;
31 and 32, detached, free-swimming animalcules in extended and contracted

states.
COLACIUM ARBUSCULA, St., vol. i. p. 394.—Tree-like colony-stock, x 500 (Stein).

COLACIUM VESICULOSUM, Ebr., vol. i. p. 395 (Stein). —34, Sedentary colony-stock,
x 600; 35, detached, free-swimming animalcule; 36-38, successive de-
velopmental phases following on the attachment of a motile zooid, and
resulting, through further subdivision, in the building up of a more or less
extensive sedentary stock.

COLACIUM STEINII, S. K., vol. i. p. 395.—39, Erect colony-stock, x 350;
40, arborescent stock, x 700, showing variety of contracted or contorted
forms assumed at will by the component animalcules ; 41, animalcule in an
encysted state, with the body-contents divided into sporular elements.

CRYPTOGLENA CONICA, Ehr., vol. i. p. 419, x 500 (Ehrenberg).

CRYPTOGLENA ANGULOSA, Carter, vol. i. p. 420 (Carter).—43, Normal aspect ;
44, example enclosing four endogenously developed germinal bodies ;
45, lateral aspect, X 500.

DISTIGMA PROTEUS, Ehr., vol. i. p. 418 (Stein).—46, Normal biflagellate ani-
malcule, x 500; 47 and 48, old, non-flagellate, and repent zooids (Proteus
tenax, O. F. Miiller ?) ; 49 and 50, young free-swimming animalcules ; 51,
still younger monoflagellate example (AZonas punctum, Ehr.).

ZYGOSELMIS NEBULOSA, Duj., vol. i. p. 417 (Stein), x 1000.—53, Example with
body distended by ingested diatoms.

EUTREPTIA VIRIDIS, Pty., vol. i. p. 416.—54 and 55, Normal free-swimming
animalcules, x 250; 56, repent example; 57, sporocyst burst and liberating
green amcebiform germs, X 400; 58, amcebiform germs more highly mag-
nified ; 59, young monoflagellate zooids, x 250.

EAL AIRY XGANE

imap -

Vintern Bro’

W.Sasalle Kent del. W. Rhein lith.

tl

: 3 j :
7 5 7
7 : ral

Moa eae o
ray Pt ial

P LA!
wire
rae

Ee A KODE, —

\ «

. Fie,
1

22.

23.

24-26.

27.
28, 29.

30-33.

34-40.

4.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII.

CHLOROMONAS PIGRA, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 401.—Vertical and profile aspects,
x 1500 (Stein).

CHRYSOMONAS OCHRACEA, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 402 (Stein).—3 and 4, Normal
free-swimming animalcules, x 600; 5-7, resting or encysted conditions,
accompanied by multiplication by segmentation into two, four, or eight
spore-like daughter-cells.

CHRYSOMONAS FLAVICANS, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 402 (Stein).—8, Normal free-
swimming animalcule, x 600; 9, resting or encysted reproductive phase.

MICROGLENA PUNCTIFERA, Ehr., vol. i. p. 403, x 600 (Stein).
NEPHROSELMIS OLIVACEA, St., vol. i. p. 405, X 600 (Stein).
HYMENOMONAS ROSEOLA, St., vol. i. p. 408, x 600 (Stein).

CRYPTOMONAS OVATA, Ehr., vol. i. p. 404 (Stein). —16 and 17, Adult animalcules,
x 600; 18, young example.

CRYPTOMONAS EROSA, Ehr., vol. i. p. 404 (Stein).—19, Adult animalcule
enclosing large ovate germ-mass, x 600; 20, encysted animalcules; 21,
example dividing by longitudinal fission.

STYLOCHRYSALIS PARASITA, St., vol. i. p. 405.—Social group attached to the
cell-wall of a Eudorina, one example at a dividing by transverse fission,
x 500 (Stein).

DINOBRYON JUNIPERINUM, Ejichw., vol. i. p. 411, dimensions unrecorded
(Eichwald).

UVELLA VIRESCENS, Ehr., vol. i. p. 406 (Biitschli).—24, Socially united cluster
of five zooids, X 1200; 25, example treated with acetic acid, showing central
spheroidal nucleus or endoplast, and two laterally developed pigment-bands ;
26, an animalcule dividing by longitudinal fission.

SYNURA (RHODESSA) GRIMSELINA, Pty. sp., vol. i. p. 412, X 300 (Perty).

CHRYSOPYXIS BIPES, St., vol. i. p. 408 (Stein).—28, Colony fixed to a node of
Mougeotia, x 600; 29, isolated example showing the two spine-like
posterior prolongations of the lorica, by which adhesion to the confervoid
algal is secured.

EPIPYXIS UTRICULUS, Ehr., vol. i. p. 409 (Stein).—30, Social colony, x 600,
at a lorica with network-like markings, probably indicating the presence or
previous existence of sporular elements ; 31, a more abnormal and closely
ageregated colony; 32, an isolated animalcule with its protective lorica
more highly magnified ; 33, an example dividing by oblique fission, as
observed by the author.

DINOBRYON SERTULARIA, Ehr., vol. i. p. 409.—34, Compound detached poly-
thecium, xX 250; 35, a similar but smaller colonial aggregation, x 1000,
at a an animalcule derived by recent fission, attached to the margin of the
parent lorica, and constructing for itself by exudation a new protective
sheath ; 36, an isolated animalcule with its investing lorica, x 2500; @,
coloured eye-like pigment-spot ; a, amylaceous corpuscle; s¢, thread-like
contractile pedicle or footstalk; 7, nucleus or endoplast ; cv, contractile.
vesicle ; 37, example dividing by transverse fission (Butschli) ; 38, encysted
example (Biitschli) ; 39 and 40, examples of encystment, after Stein.

DINOBRYON STIPITATUM, St., vol. i. p. 410, X 500 (Stein).

ne

oS
>

$e

We

W.Sovalle Kent del. WiRhein lth,

Sti

. f i at y Pi 2 2 ee
NRCS sie tary ee? :, fie AO at Oe Hien Oe
0) ‘ire RENT nia. m9 one eg
are ‘ “ \ as : P|
i

é 1 . be a
J t > Ne 7
5 ' 2 ny a, 4 \ | x
. & : D \
Moy £ v t oni? ‘ Lt eA etic CA hy

PLATE AAT.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII.
Fic.
I-2. SYNURA UVELLA, Ehr., vol. i. p. 412 (Stein).—1, Adult spheroidal colony-stock,
composed of animalcules possessing no eye-like pigment-specks, x 350;
2, smaller colony of variety having two anterior eye-like pigment-specks.

3. SYNCRYPTA VOLVOX, Ehr., vol. i. p. 413, x 200 (Stein).

4-15. UROGLENA VOLVOX, Ehr., vol. i. p. 414.—4, Subspheroidal colony-stock, x 150;
5, segment of a similar colony, more highly magnified, containing sporular
elements in various phases of development ; 6, a single animalcule; ¢, eye-
like pigment-speck ; cv, contractile vesicle; am, refringent amylaceous
corpuscle; 7 and 8, isolated spores, x 1200; encysted zooid, with body-
mass divided by segmentation into four sporular elements; Io and 11,
sporocysts fractured by artificial pressure, and liberating their contained
sporular elements, X 400; 12, animalcule as represented by Stein ; 13, three
zooids of the same species, after Biitschli; 14-15, examples treated with
acetic acid and carmine, after Biitschli and Stein.

16. SYNURA (UVELLA) FIMBRIATA, From. sp., X 400 (De Fromentel).

17-30. STYLOBRYON PETIOLATUM, Duj. sp., vol. i. p. 278.—17, Colony-stock of six
zooids, as observed by the author, having very long, slender pedicles to their
loricze, x 400 ; 18, colony-stock, in which the pedicles of the distal series
are rudimentarily developed ; 19 and 20, animalcules in dorsal and profile
view, as examined in living state, x 800; 21-23, example from another
colony preserved with osmic acid, the longer flagellum being variously
convoluted ; 24 and 25, examples with entire body-substance separated into
sporular elements ; 26, isolated spores, X 1200; 27 and 28, colony-stocks
of the same type, after Stein ; 29 and 30, colony-stock and isolated animalcule
of the same species, as figured and described by De Fromentel under the
title of Stylobryon insignis.

PLATE XXII.

i

Mintern Bro* imp.

pe UP
aaa iain

WSawille Kent del. WRhemiith.

|

‘

ly Ree aA
yar in ives a

ra . :
4

Fic.
I-10.

Bry.

13:
14, 15;
26, 17.
18-20.

21-23.

24, 25.

26-30.

31-34.

35, 36.

37-39.

40-42.

Dele NV

EXPLANATION.

DIPLOMASTIX CAUDATA, Duj. sp., vol. i. p. 432.—1, Typical adult form, x 800 ;
2 and 3, examples with prolonged posterior extremities; 4, conjugation of
two animalcules ; 5, spore-groups, imbedded in decaying hay-fibre, at aa@
two uniflagellate, monadiform germs, produced from the same, xX 1000; 6,
sporocyst with four rounded macrospores, x 1000; 7, group of elongate
spores, with cyst-wall dissolved, x 1000; 8, sporocyst with germ emerging,
after Stein; 9 and 10, animalcule ingesting and having ingested a bacillus
filament, after Stein.

DIPLOMASTIX SALTANS. Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 433, x 800 (Stein).
DIPLOMASTIX AFFINIS, S. K., vol. i. p. 433, x 800.

HETERONEMA ACUS, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 430, X 400 (Stein).
HETERONEMA GLOBULIFERUM, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 430, x 400 (Stein)

SPHENOMONAS OCTOCOSTATA, St. sp., vol. i. p. 439 (Stein).—18 and 19, Lateral
and ventral aspects, x 400; 20, quiescent or encysted phase.

SPHENOMONAS QUADRANGULARIS, St., vol. i. p. 438 (Stein).—21, Normal adult
type, x 400; 22, the same viewed vertically to its long axis; 23, zooid
dividing by longitudinal fission.

ANISONEMA TRUNCATUM, St., vol. i. p. 435 (Stein).—24, Dorsal, 25, ventral,
aspects, X 450.

ANISONEMA GRANDE, Ebr. sp., vol. i. p. 434.—26, Axial, and 27, dorsal, aspects,
x 400, the four flagella present in the last figure indicate approaching fission
(after Jas.-Clark) ; 28 and 29, dorsal and ventral aspects, the zooid in the
first instance containing two germinal masses, x 450, after Stein ; 30, zooid
after O. Biitschli.

ENTOSIPHON SULCATUM, Duj. sp., vol. i. p. 437 (Stein), x 400.—31, Zooid
enclosing ovate germ-mass ; 32, living, and 34, dead examples, with their
horny pharyngeal tubes protruding.

ANISONEMA LUDIBUNDUM, S. K., vol. i. p. 435, x 1200.—35, Animalcule in
lateral view discharging feecal matter from its posterior extremity; 36,
dorsal aspect, showing the two anteriorly located contractile vesicles.

ANISONEMA INTERMEDIUM, S. K., vol. i. p. 436.—37 and 39, dorsal and lateral
aspects, X 1200; 28, two young animalcules, possessing as yet only a single
posterior anchoring flagellum, or gubernaculum, x 1200.

STERROMONAS FORMICINA, S. K., vol. i. p. 420.—40 and 41, Dorsal and lateral

aspects, X 1200; 42, encysted state.
*

Fic.

43-45.

46-48.

49.
50.
Sip Cd

53-61.

62-64.
65, 66.
67, 68.

69.
79, 71.

72,73:
74.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIV. (continued).

DINOMONAS TUBERCULATA, S. K. vol. i. p. 422.—43, Animalcule with prolonged
caudal extremity, x 1800; 44, an animalcule devouring a smaller monad ;
45, an example with ingested Baczdlus.

DINOMONAS VORAX, S. K., vol. i. p. 422.—46, Normal adult type, x 1200; 47,
more attenuate early condition ; 48, example in the act of devouring a
smaller monad.

CHILOMONAS AMYGDALUM, S. K., vol. i. p. 426, x 1800,

CHILOMONAS CYLINDRICA, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 425, X 500 (Biitschli).

CHILOMONAS PARAMECIUM, Ehr., vol. i. p. 424 (Biitschli).—51, Normal adult
form, x 650; 52, example dividing by longitudinal fission.

OXYRRHIS MARINA, Duj., vol. i. p. 427.—53, A reproduction of Dujardin’s
original figure ; 54-56, right and left side aspects, as observed by the author,
x 800; 57, an example of transverse fission ; 58 and 59, empty membran-

ous carapaces ; 60 and 61, delineations of the same animalcule as given by
Cohn.

ASTHMATOS CILIARIS, Sals., vol. i. p. 467, x 400 (Salisbury).
TRICHONEMA HIRSUTA, From., vol. i. p. 469, X 400 (Fromentel).
MITOPHORA DUBIA, Pty., vol. i. p. 469, X 350 (Perty).

STEPHANOMONAS LOCELLUS, From. sp., vol. i. p. 466, X 400 (Fromentel).

HETEROMASTIX PROTEIFORMIS, J.-Clk., vol. i. p. 463.—70, extended, and
71, contracted, phases, x 500 (Jas.-Clark).

MALLOMONAS PLOSSLII, Pty., vol. i. p. 464, x 800.
MALLOMONAS FRESENII, S. K., vol. i. p. 465, X 350.

62

es

W.SowilleKent del, WRhein sc.

Mintern Bro® imp

ie i oe “
,
Pann: a er Pais jen oy x int

Asn hen nee 4

*

an
ol

ie

Fic.
I-5.

6,7:
8-13.

14.
15, 16,
17, 18.

19, 20.
Zi 22,
23;
24.
25.
26.
27, 28.

29, 30.
31, 32.

34, 35-

37-39.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXvV.

PERIDINIUM TABULATUM, Ehr., vol. i. p. 448.—1, Variety with rounded poles or
apices and no eye-like pigment-spot, ventral aspect, x 350 (Claparéde and
Lachmann); 2, variety with pointed apices, dorsal aspect (Ehr.); 3,
separate reticulated plate from cuirass, x 600; 4, encysted example, with
eye-like pigment-spot (C. & L.); 5, example with four pigment-spots, its
cuirass cast off (C. & L.).

PERIDINIUM APICULATUM, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 449, x 400 (Ehr.).

CERATIUM DIVERGENS, C. & L., vol. i. p. 453.—8 and 9, Empty cuirass, dorsal and
ventral aspects, showing form and disposition of its component plates,
x 500 (C. & L.); 10, encysted animalcule (C. & L.); 11, example with
carapace cast off (C. & L.); 12 and 13, the same species as figured by Bailey
under the title of Peridinium depressum.

PERIDINIUM A.QUALIS, S. K., vol. i. p. 451.—Dimensions unrecorded (Will.-Suhm).

PERIDINIUM SPINIFERUM, C. & L., vol. i. p. 449, x 400 (C. & L.).

GYMNODINIUM FUSCUM, Ehr., vol. i. p. 443, x 300 (Ehr.).—18, Example of con-
jugation or longitudinal fission.

GYMNODINIUM PULVISCULUS, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 443, X 500 (Ehr.).

GLENODINIUM ACUMINATUM, Ehr., vol. i. p. 446, x 250 (Ehr.).

CERATIUM MICHAELIS, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 453, x 300 (Ehr.).

CERATIUM TRIPOS, Mill. sp., var. MACROCEROS, vol. i. p. 454, x 250 (C. & L.).

CERATIUM KUMAONENSE, Carter, vol. i. p. 458, x 190 (Carter).

CERATIUM LONGICORNE, Perty, vol. i. p. 457, x 300 (Carter).

GLENODINIUM CINCTUM, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 446, x 400 (Ehr.).—28, An example
of longitudinal fission or conjugation.

PERIDINIUM sp., encysted examples, vol. i. p. 447, x 250 (C. & L.).

CERATIUM FURCA, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 445, X 350.—32, Central region, showing
more minute structure of the cuirass, x 600 (C. & L.).

CERATIUM TRIPOS, Miill. sp., normal short-armed type, x 250 (C. & L.).

MELODINIUM UBERRIMUM, Allman sp., vol. i. p. 445.—34, Normal animalcule,
X 300; 35, example dividing by transverse fission (Allman).

CERATIUM TRIPOS, Miill. sp., var. ARCTICUM, vol. i. p. 454, X 300.

PROROCENTRUM MICANS, Ehr., vol. i. p. 461.—37 and 38, Lateral and dorsal
aspects; 39, empty cuirass, x 303 (C. & L.).

CERATIUM FUSUS, Ehr. sp., vol. i. p. 456, x 300 (C. & L.).

PERIDINIUM RETICULATUM, C. & L., vol. i. p. 449, x 300 (C. & L.).

DINOPHYSIS VENTRICOSA, C. & L., vol. i. p. 459, x 350 (C. & L.).

DINOPHYSIS ACUMINATA, C. & L., vol. i. p. 459, x 300 (C. & L.).

DINOPHYSIS OVATA, C, & L., vol. i. p. 460, ventral aspect, x 350 (C. & L.).

AMPHIDINIUM OPERCULATUM, C. & L., vol. i. p. 461, x 300 (C. & L.).

PERIDINIA sp., encystments, vol. i. p. 448, with contents variously divided, that
at 49 with the contained protoplasmic mass separated into eight minute
naked Peridinia, x 300 (after Claparéde and Lachmann).

DIMASTIGOAULAX CORNUTUM, Ehr. sp., vol. i, p. 462, front and lateral aspects,
300:

GYMNODINIUM ROSEOLUM, Schmarda sp., vol. i. p. 444, X 350 (Schmarda).

GYMNODINIUM INERME, Schmarda sp., vol. i. p. 444, x 600 (Schmarda).

PERIDINIUM TABULATUM, Ehr., vol. i. p. 448, brown variety with cleft anterior
border, x 300.—55, Ventral, 56, dorsal, 57, lateral aspects, the example at
56 enclosing a recurved band-like endoplast.

GYMNODINIUM LACHMANNI, S. K,, vol. i. p. 444.—At 58 an example dividing
by longitudinal fission, x 300 (C. & L.).

GYMNODINIUM MARINUM, S. K., vol. i. p. 444, x 600.—At 61 an example
devouring a smaller monad.

CERATIUM BICORNE, Schmarda sp., vol. i. p. 453, x 400 (Schmarda).

Ih

i
)

ality
Mn My
ash

Scar Ter
Nye
TaN

Wi SudlleKent dell WiBhein ith,

DOG.

—_

Fic.
I-9.

Io-II.

12.

ee
14.

Te

16-18.

19.
20.

21.
22.

23, 24.

25.
26, 27.

28-30.

PLATE GX es

EXPLANATION.

OPALINA RANARUM, Purkinge, vol. ii. p. 559.—1, Adult animalcule, x 100; 2-5,
successive phases of segmentation terminating in the production of minute
ovate zooids possessing but a few nuclei or endoplasts, x 100; 6, succeeding
encysted condition of No.5, X 200; 7 and 8, successive developmental phases
of zooid that has re-emerged from the encysted state, the one at 7 possessing
but a single endoplast, and that at 8 three such structures, the lowermost
of which, at a, is in the act of subdividing ; 9, a young zooid with ragged
pseudopodium-like lateral extensions (1-8 after Ernst Zeller, 9 after T. W.
Engelmann).

OPALINA OBTRIGONA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 562.—10, Adult zooid, x 100; IT, minute
encystment, x 200 (Ernst Zeller).

ANOPLOPHRYA NAIDOS, Duj. sp., vol. ii. p. 563.—Adult zooid, x 200 (Ray
Lankester).

ANOPLOPHRYA FILUM, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 567, x 120 (Claparéde & Lachmann).

ANOPLOPHRYA PROLIFERA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 564.—Adult example with five
incompletely separated posterior segments, x 120 (Clap. & Lach.).

HOPLITOPHRYA LUMBRICI, Duj. sp., vol. ii. p. 571.—Adult zooid in the act of
dividing by transverse fission, at 7, #, horny uncini, x 200 (Stein).

OPALINA DIMIDIATA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 561.—16, Adult animalcule, x 100; 17,
minute zooid, produced through successive fission of adult unit, commencing
to subdivide again in a longitudinal direction ; 18, elongate zooid, containing
but a single endoplast, recently emerged from a minute encystment (Ernst
Zeller).

OPALINA INTESTINALIS, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 562, x Ioo (Ernst Zeller).

OPALINA RANARUM, Purk., vol. ii. p. 559.—Fragment of cuticular fibrille treated
with acetic acid, x 200 (Zeller).

ANOPLOPHRYA CLAVATA, Leidy sp., vol. ii. p. 566, x 150 (Leidy).

HopLITOPHRYA RECURVA, C. & L. sp., vol. ii. p. 573, X 130 (Clap. & Lach.).

OPALINA CAUDATA, Zeller, vol. ii. p. 563.—Dorsal and lateral aspects, x 120
(Zeller).

ANOPLOPHRYA COCHLEARIFORMIS, Leidy sp., vol. il. p. 566, x 150 (Leidy).

ANOPLOPHRYA MYTILI, Quenn. sp., vol. ii. p. 565.—Lateral and dorsal aspects,
x 250 (Quennerstedt).

PARAMACIUM AURELIA, Miiller, vol. ii. p. 483.—28 and 29, Lateral and ventral
aspects, X 200; 30, two conjugating zooids.

Fic.
31-32.

33.
34 35-

36.

37:
38.
39, 409.

4l.
42.

43.
44.

45.

46.

47.

As.

49.

50.

51-53.

54.
55-58.

59, 60.
61, 62.
63, 64.
65, 66.

67, 68.

69.

70,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVI. (continued).

PARAMECIUM BURSARIA, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 486.—Dorsal and ventral aspects
x 250. The arrows in each case indicate the direction of the endoplasmic
current or cyclosis.

CONCHOPHTHIRUS ANODONTA, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 490, x 200 (Engelmann).

CONCHOPHTHIRUS STEENSTRUPII, Stein, vol. ii. p. 490.—Ventral and lateral
aspects, X 200 (Quennerstedt). .

PRORODON NIVEUS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 492, X 75 (Ehrenberg).
CYRTOSTOMUM LEUCAS, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 497, x 150 (Ehrenberg).
ISOTRICHA MICROSTOMUM, C. & L. sp., vol. ii. p. 498, x 250 (Clap. & Lach.).

PLACUS STRIATUS, Cohn, vol. ii. p. 490.—Ventral and lateral aspects, x 450
(Cohn).

NASSULA AMBIGUA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 495, xX 200 (Stein).

NASSULA ORNATA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 494, x 100 (Ehrenberg).

PRORODON EDENTATUS, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 493, x 260 (Clap. & Lach.).
PRORODON MARGARITIFER, C, & L., vol. ii. p. 493, x 120 (Clap. & Lach.).
HOLOPHRYA OVUM, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 498, x 200 (Clap. & Lach.).
HOLOPHRYA LATERALIS, S. K,, vol. ii. p. 500, x 100 (Carter).
LOXOCEPHALUS GRANULOSUS, S. K,, vol. ii. p. 489, x 300.
CHASMATOSTOMA RENIFORME, Eng.,, vol. ii. p. 540, x 200 (Engelmann).

PRORODON NIVEuS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 492.—Pharyngeal rod-fascicle, x 120
(Ehrenberg).

NASSULA ORNATA, vol. ii. p. 494.—Pharyngeal rod-fascicle, x 200 (Ehrenberg).

ENCHELYODON FARCTUS, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 503.—51, Extended, 52, contracted
states, X 1203; 53, contractile vesicle at full diastole, with its lateral sinuses
and at # central pore-like opening (Wrzesniowski).

HELICOSTOMA OBLONGA, Cohn., vol. ii. p. 501, x 150 (Cohn).

OTOSTOMA CARTERI, S. K., vol. ii. p. 500.—55 and 56, Adult animalcules, that at
56 showing the band-like endoplast and stellate contractile vesicles, x 100;
57 and 58, successive phases of subdivision into sporular elements (Carter).

HOLOPHRYA TARDA, Quenn., vol. ii. p. 499.—Extended and contracted states,
x 200 (Quennerstedt).

TRACHELOPHYLLUM APICULATUM, Perty sp., vol. ii. p. 502.—Extended and
contracted states, x 200 (Wrzesniowski).

OPHRYOGLENA ATRA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 532.—Lateral and ventral views, x 200
(Ehrenberg).

PANOPHRYS FLAVICANS, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 534.—Ventral and lateral views,
x 150 (Ehrenberg).

CYCLOTRICHA CITREUM, C. & L. sp., vol. ii. p. 535.—Lateral and ventral
aspects, X 230 (Clap. & Lach.).

PLAGIOPYLA (?) CARTERI, S. K., vol. ii. p. 538, I00.
PLAGIOPYLA (?) FUSCA, Quenn. sp., vol. ii. p. 539, X 150 (Quennerstedt).

(i

Tn
Vite
TA
lg

PLATE XXvVI.

W'Saville Kent del W. Bhein se

Mintern Bro* inp

25-27.

29-31.

32.
33.

34.

35:

BEATE, XO T.

EXPLANATION.

UROTRICHA LAGENULA, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 505, X 300.
UROTRICHA FARCTA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 505, x 350 (Claparéde & Lachmann),

COLEPS HIRTUS, Ehr., vol. 11. p. 506.—3, Adult animalcule, x 400; 4, example
dividing by transverse fission.

COLEPS Fusus, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 507, X 350 (Clap. & Lach.).
COLEPS UNCINATUS, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 507, X 350 (Clap. & Lach.).
PLAGIOPOGON COLEPS, Ehr, sp., vol. ii. p. 508, x 250 (Perty).

POLYKRIKOS SCHWARTZH, Biitschli, vol. ii. p. 508.—8, Adult example, x 200;
g and Io, supposed trichocysts with thread-like filament in the retracted and
extended states, x 600 (Biitschli).

METACYSTIS TRUNCATA, Cohn, vol. ii. p. 511.—11 and 12.—Adult examples, x
400 ; young zooids as yet devoid of transverse annulation (Cohn).

ENCHELYS ARCUATA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 510, x 300 (Clap. & Lach.).

ENCHELYS FARCIMEN, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 510, x 600,

ANOPHRYS SARCOPHAGA, Cohn, vol. ii. p. 512, x 400 (Cohn).

PERISPIRA OVUM (?) Stein, vol. ii. p. 511.—Dimensions unrecorded (Carter).

COLPODA CUCULLUS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 512.—19, Adult animalcule, x 200; 20-23,
mucous phases of encystment and sporular mode of multiplication (Stein).

COLPODA PIGERRIMA, Cohn, vol. ii. p. 513, x 600 (Cohn).

LACRYMARIA COHNII, S. K., vol. il. p. 518.—At 25 example with the body
contorted into a screw-like form, x 250; at 27 an animalcule spherically
contracted (Cohn).

LACRYMARIA CORONATA, C. & L., vol. il. p. 518.—The distal extremity only
showing the double ciliary wreath, x 350 (Clap. & Lach.).

TRACHELOCERCA OLOR, Muller sp., vol. ii. p. 515.—29 and 31, Adult animalcules,
x 300; 30, distal extremity more highly magnified, displaying oral
structure.

TRACHELOCERCA PHCNICOPTERUS, Cohn, vol. ii. p. 516, x 300 (Cohn).

TRACHELOCERCA VERSATILIS, Mill. sp., vol. ii, p. 516, x 200.

LACRYMARIA LAGENULA, C. & L., vol. il. p. 517, x 350 (Clap. & Lach.).

LAGYNUS ELEGANS, Eng. sp., vol. ii. p. 521, x 300 (Engelmann),

Fic,
36.

37:
38.
39, 40.
41-44.

45, 46.

47.
48.
49.
50, 51.

Bo:
53.
54.

55.
56.

57, 58.

59-
60, 61.
62,'63.

64.
65, 65a.

66, 67.
68.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVII. (continued).

PHIALINA VERMICULARIS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 519, X 200 (Ehrenberg).
PHIALINA VIRIDIS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 519, x 200 (Ehrenberg).
TRACHELIUS OVUM, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 522, x 80.

AMPHILEPTUS ANSER, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 525, * 120 (Ehrenberg).

CHCENIA TERES, Duj. sp., vol. ii. p. 521.—41, 42, Animalcule in a contracted
and extended condition as observed by author, xX 200; 43, 44, oral region
in its expanded and contracted states as delineated by Quennerstedt ; z in
Fig. 44 represents an ingested food-particle.

AMPHILEPTUS MELEAGRIS, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 526.—45, Adult animalcule,
x 100 (Ehrenberg); 46, showing at a an example which has affixed itself to
and become encysted upon the branching pedicle of a Zoothamnium, the
former occupant of which it has first devoured (after D’Udekem).

TRICHODA PURA, Ehr.,, vol. il. p. 535, X 700.
MENISCOSTOMUM STOMOPTYCHA, Ehr. sp., vol. il. p.. 539, x 200 (Eckhard),
COLPIDIUM CUCULLUS, Schrank sp., vol. il. p. 537, X 200.

PLAGIOPYLA NASUTA (?) Stein, vol. ii. p. 538.—Lateral and ventral aspects,
x 200 (Quennerstedt).

LOXOPHYLLUM MELEAGRIS, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 528, * I10 (Wrzesniowski).
LOXOPHYLLUM ARMATUM, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 529, x 150 (Clap. & Lach.)

LEMBADION BULLINUM, Perty, vol. ii. p. 537, x 200.—, Undulating membrane
(Clap. & Lach.).

PLEURONEMA CHRYSALIS, Ehr. sp., vol. 11. p. 543, X 250.
PLEURONEMA CORONATA, S. K,, vol. ii: p. 544, x 200.

CYCLIDIUM GLAUCOMA, Ehr., vol. il. p. 544.—57, Normal zooid, x 600; 58,
immature example, being as yet deficient of the oral membrane that dis-
tinguishes the adult type.

CYCLIDIUM CITRELLUS, Cohn. sp., vol. ii. p. 545 x 300 (Cohn).

URONEMA MARINA, Duj., vol. ii. p. 546.—60, Adult, and 61, immature examples,
x 600.

LEMBUS VELIFER, Cohn, vol. ii. p. 547.—62, Adult, and 63, immature example,
x 400 (Cohn).

B#ONIDIUM REMIGENS, Perty, vol. ii. p. 546, X 350 (Fresenius).

PROBOSCELLA VERMINA, Miill. sp., vol. il. p. 549.—65, Example as observed
and delineated by the author, x 500; 65a, illustration of apparently the
same species as given in Miiller’s ‘Animalcula Infusoria,’ tab. viii. fig. 1,
1786.

LEMBUS SUBULATUS, S. K., vol. ii. p. 548, X 700.

AMPHILEPTUS GIGAS, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 526.—Attenuate variety, having the
contractile vesicles disposed in linear order along the dorsal border,
x 100; ¢, trichocysts (Wrzesniowski).

PLATE XXVI.
y

W,Saville Kent del, W. Rhein se.

~—

ae ae ow ta 7 ee ee ee ee , ; a —

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIII.

All the figures in this plate are reproduced from Dr. Joseph Leidy’s “ Parasites of the
Termites,” contained in the ‘Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia,’ vol. viil., 1881.

Fic.

I-15. TRICHONYMPHA AGILIS, Leidy, vol. ii. p. 552.—1 and 2, Bilaterally symmetrical
animalcules as seen immediately after escaping from the intestine of their
host, X 450; at z ingested food-particles ; 3-5, symmetrical examples, that
at 3 having the anterior or distal region of the body spirally involute,
those at 4 and 5 with the entire body contorted into respectively shorter
and longer helicoidal contours, x 450; 6, bilaterally symmetrical example in
a condition of fullest extension, X 450; 7-12, supposed immature examples of
the same species, those at 7, Io, 11, and 12, x 666, those at 8 and g,
x 450, the example at Fig. 7 containing numerous spore-like bodies ;
13-15, youngest observed examples, x 666 (Leidy).

16-20. PYRSONYMPHA VERTENS, Leidy, vol. ii. p. 554.—16 and 17, distinctly ciliated
animalcules, that at 16 containing at z numerous ingested particles of wood
fibre, ch undulating cord-like structure, x 666; 18-20, examples in which
no cilia are visible, the periphery of the body presenting a more or less jagged
and membranous aspect, x 666; Fig. 19 containing at 7 numerous ingested
food-particles (Leidy).

21-24. DINENYMPHA GRACILIS, Leidy, vol. ii. p. 555.—Various more or less contorted
examples, Fig. 21 containing a row of spore-like bodies, and 23 and 24 at 7z
ingested food-particles, x 666 (Leidy).

Wt

”

SSS

NAN ///
S\\\ Vit}

\ WA

\\

J=
ss © — <=
<—S

PLATE XXVIII.

SS

==

=

iw :

us -

2

PLATE XXIX.

Tig.

TON 7s

18.

1Q, 20.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIX.

BURSARIA TRUNCATELLA, Miller, vol. ii. p. 576.—1, Adult animalcule, x 50;
2, supposed young condition, x 200 (Stein).

BALANTIDIUM ENTOZOON, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 577, X Ioo (Stein).

NYCTOTHERUS CORDIFORMIS, Stein, vol. ii. p. 580, X 150.—az, anal aperture
(Stein).

NYCTOTHERUS VELOX, Leidy, vol. ii. p. 581, x 200 (Leidy).

METOPUS SIGMOIDES, Clap. & Lach., vol. ii. p. 581.—6 and 8, Extended,7 and 9,
spirally contorted animalcules, x 200 (Stein).

PLAGIOTOMA LUMBRICI, Duj., vol. ii. p. 583, X 200 (Stein).

CONDYLOSTOMA STAGNALE, Wz1z., vol. ii. p. 584, x 150.—#, Undulating mem-
brane (Wrzesniowski).

CONDYLOSTOMA PATENS, Mill. sp., vol. ii. p. 584, x 150 (Stein).

SPIROSTOMUM AMBIGUUM, Ehr., vol. 11. p. 586.—13, An extended, 14, a spirally
contorted zooid, x 150 (Stein).

BLEPHARISMA UNDULANS, Stein, vol. ii. p. 585, x 150.—z#, Undulating
membrane (Stein).

BALANTIDIUM COLI, Malmsten sp., vol. ii. p. 578, X 200.—At 17 an example
preparing to divide by transverse fission, and having already developed at
pf 2 a second peristome (Stein).

LEUCOPHRYS PATULA, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 587, x 150.—f/, pharyngeal passage
(Stein).

FOLLICULINA STYLIFERA, Str. Wright sp., vol. 11. p. 600.—In each instance the
anterior region of the lorica is alone represented, the peristome lobes of the
contained animalcule in Fig. 19 being fully expanded, while in Fig. 20 they
are entirely withdrawn, leaving the stylate appendage only projecting beyond
the orifice of the lorica. Dimensions unrecorded (Strethill Wright).

FOLLICULINA AMPULLA, Miller sp., vol. ii. p. 597.—21 and 22, Entire animal-
cule and distal region of peristome of var. ACULEATA, Clap. and Lach.; at
24 numerous examples crowded ona shell of Sfzvrorbis nautiloides, x 20;
25-27, examples showing the diverse plans of ornamentation of the lorica;
28, normal type in its fully extended state, x 200 (Stein).

FOLLICULINA PRODUCTA, Str. Wright sp., vol. ii. p. 599.—29, Adult animalcule
in its fully extended state, x 200; 30-32, embryonic condition (Strethill
Wright).

FOLLICULINA ELEGANS, Clap. & Lach. sp., vol. ii. p. 598.—33 and 34, Adult
animalcules, ventral and lateral aspects, x 200 (Stein); 35, empty lorica
showing at v valvular elements (Clap. & Lach.).

FOLLICULINA BOLTONI, S. K., vol. il. p. 600, x 200.

CHATOSPIRA MUELLERI, Lachmann, vol. ii. p. 602, extended and _ partially
retracted states as observed by the author, x 300.

FOLLICULINA HIRUNDO, S. K., vol. ii. p. 600, x 200.

FOLLICULINA AMPULLA, Miiller sp., vol. ii. p. 597, var. VIRIDIS, Str. Wright,
x 150 (Strethill Wright).

———

PLATE XXIX.

Mintern Bro* imp}

|

W. Sowille Kent del W Rhein lith.

ve

PIE IOC:

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXX.
Fic.
1-4. STENTOR IGNEUS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 594.—1, Attached, fully extended animalcule,
x 70; 2 and 3, free-swimming conditions ; 4, embryo released by the dis-
integration of the parent zooid.

5. STENTOR PEDICULATUS, From., vol. ii. p. 596, x 250 (De Fromentel).
6,7. STENTOR AURICULA, S. K., vol. ii. p. 595, ventral and dorsal aspects, x 120.
8,9. STENTOR MULTIFORMIS, Stein, vol. ii. p. 595, xX 200 (Stein).

10-20, STENTOR POLYMORPHUS, Miiller sp., vol. ii. p. 590.—10, Attached, fully extended
animalcule, x 120 ; 11, asocial colony, colourless variety, attached to a rootlet
of Anacharis, which has built up through excretion a common mucilaginous
basis, X 15}; 12, examples conjugating with their neighbours, as delineated
by Balbiani; 13, free-swimming zooid with attenuated posterior region ;
14, example with, at #7, a laterally developed membranous crest, representing
the initial condition of the peristomal ciliary circlet of a future zooid
(Ehrenberg); 15, an encysted example (Stein); 16, an animalcule dis-
charging faecal matter, as observed by the author; 17 and 18, groups of the
green variety, natural size, and x 50, after Ehrenberg ; 19 and 20, portion
of the nucleus or endoplast, showing in the former instance the union of the
component granular nodules by an interconnecting cord or funiculus ; at 20 an
isolated nodule with an enclosed elongate vacuolar structure, x 300 (Stein).

21. STENTOR BARRETTI, Barrett, vol. ii. p. 593.—Fully extended animalcule, x 100,

22-33. STENTOR ROESELII, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 591.—22, Fully extended example affixed
within its excreted mucilaginous sheath, x 80; at gv, initial condition of a
second peristome (Clap. & Lach.) ; 23, basal or pedal region with pseudo-
podic peripheral extensions (after Simroth) ; 24, clavate free-swimming zooid
with at fv secondary peristome in progress of development (Stein); 25, more
advanced condition of fissure, the second peristome, #7, having attained a
contour and proportions that correspond closely with those of the primary
one (Clap. and Lach.) ; 26, last phase of fissive process, the anterior moiety
being now almost completely separated from the posterior one (from a MS.
drawing by H. E. Forrest); 27-30, progressive developmental phases, after
Claparéde and Lachmann; 31, supposed germ-sphere as delineated by Stein ;
32, foot or basal region with tuft of longer setose cilia, after Stein; 33, free-
swimming semi-contracted animalcule (Stein).

ul
i
x

iran
rs

i=

Mintern Bro® imp.

‘W. Sondlle Kent del, WiRhein se.

ue

18, 19.

21,22:

PLATE XXX.

EXPLANATION.

TINTINNUS EHRENBERGII, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 607, extended and contracted states,
x 150 (Claparéde & Lachmann).

TINTINNUS URNULA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 609, x 150.—At fr, a second peristome
in process of development (Clap. & Lach.).

TINTINNUS Ussowl, Meresch., vol. ii. p. 609, empty lorica, x 400 (Meresch-
kowsky).

TINTINNUS SUBULATUS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 605, x 250 (Ehrenberg).

TINTINNIDIUM SEMICILIATUM, Sterki sp., vol. ii. p. 612.—At 7 an animalcule
isolated from its lorica, viewed in optical section, and showing at z outer
wreath of furcately branched cirrose cilia or membranelle, and at z inner
circlet of ordinary vibratile cilia, x 200 (Sterki).

TINTINNIDIUM FLUVIATILE, Stein sp., vol. ii. p. 611, X 200.
TINTINNIDIUM MARINUM, S. K., vol. ii. p. 611, x 200 (Ehrenberg).
TINTINNUS CINCTUS, C. & L., empty lorica, vol. ii. p. 608, x 250 (Clap. & Lach.).

TINTINNUS CAMPANULA, Ehr., x 150.—At #7, a second peristome is in course of
development, x 150 (Clap. & Lach.).

TINTINNUS AMPHORA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 606, x 150 (Clap. & Lach.).

TINTINNUS QUADRILINEATUS, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 607, empty lorica, x 150 (Clap.
& Lach.).

TINTINNUS ACUMINATUS, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 606, empty lorica, x 200 (Clap. &
Ieach.):

TINTINNUS INQUILINUS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 604, x 300 (Clap. & Lach.).
TINTINNUS MUCICOLA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 605, x 150 (Clap. & Lach.).
TINTINNUS sp.—Empty lorica, x 250 (Clap. and Lach.).

TINTINNUS DENTICULATUS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 607.—18, Empty lorica, x 150; 19,
portion of the same, x 800 (Clap. & Lach.).

TINTINNUS STEENSTRUPII, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 606, x 200 (Clap. & Lach.).

TINTINNUS LAGENULA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 608.—21, normal example, x 300;
22, lorica containing two zooids (Clap. & Lach.).

TINTINNUS sp., C. & L., x 150 (Clap. & Lach.).

TINTINNUS HELIX, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 608, empty lorica, x 150 (Clap. & Lach.).
+

Fic.

25.

26.
27520.

29.
30.
aie

32, 33+

34-37:

38.
39-43.

44.
45.

46, 47.

48-52.

53:

54) 55:

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXI. (continued).

TINTINNUS ANNULATUS, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 609, empty lorica, x 150 (Clap. &
Lach.).

TINTINNUS OBLIQUUS, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 606, x 300 (Clap. & Lach.).

VASICOLA CILIATA, Tatem, vol. ii. p. 613.—27, Animalcule contained within its
lorica, X 150; 28, free-swimming zooid (Tatem).

STROMBIDINOPSIS GYRANS, S. K., vol. ii. p. 614, * 200.

TINTINNUS sp., C. & L., empty lorica, x 150 (Clap. & Lach.).

TINTINNUS VENTRICOSUS, C. & L,, vol. ii. p. 609, empty lorica, x 200 (Clap. &
Lach.). Z

CODONELLA GALEA, HKL., vol. ii. p. 616.—32, Animalcule fully extended beyond
the orifice of its lorica, x 200; 33, empty lorica, showing its tesselated
character (Haeckel),

CODONELLA CAMPANELLA, HK, vol. ii. p. 618.—34, Fully extended animalcule
enclosing centrally numerous ovate germs, X 200; 35, empty lorica; 36,
ovate germ, with contained endoplast and contractile vesicle; 37, earlier
spore-like condition (Haeckel).

CODONELLA ORTHOCERAS, Hkl., vol. ii. p. 616, x 180 (Haeckel).

TRICHODINOPSIS PARADOXA, C. & L., vol. ii. p.614.—39, Adult animalcule, profile
view, X 200; 40, ventral acetabulum with plicate horny ring, x 300; 41-43,
internally developed corneous elements (Clap. & Lach.).

URCEOLARIA MITRA, Stein sp., vol. ii. p. 650, x 300 (Clap. & Lach.).

TRICHODINA STEINII, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 648.—Acetabulum with denticulate
ring, X 250 (Clap. & Lach.).

TRICHODINA SCORPANA, Robin, vol. il. p. 649, lateral and ventral views, x 400
(Robin).

TRICHODINA PEDICULUS, Ehr.,, vol. ii. p. 646.—48, Examples adherent in various
positions to the portion of a tentacle of a Hydra; 49, two animalcules in
lateral view, x 150; 50, depressed free-swimming zooid ; 51, conically con-
tracted animalcule showing at or oral aperture, as delineated by Busch; 52,
apparent example of conjugation between a large and small zooid, a, after
Busch.

Vol. ii. p. 648. TRICHODINA-like larva, or Trochosphere of Polyzoon, A lcyonidium
gelatinosum, as delineated in note-book placed at the author’s disposal by
H. E. Forrest.

SCYPHIDIA PHYSARUM, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 658, expanded and contracted zooids,
x 200 (Quennerstedt).

= +

“——. /,

uw

W.

SovilleHent del. WEhem sc.

| Nd aggy

RG by

Leda

A ZA,

Mintern Bro* imp

PLATE XXXII.

Fic.
1-8.

35-38.

39.
4o.
AT
42, 43.

44.
45.
46.
47-

48, 49.

5057.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXII.

ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS MULTIFILIIS, Fouquet, vol. ii. p. 530.—1, Adult animalcule,
X 120; 2-5, successive phases of segmentation following upon encystment,
and resulting in the subdivision of the entire body-mass into a swarm of
minute ciliated germs; 6, ciliated germ, x 350; undeveloped germ with
twisted thread-like ‘cuticular extensions of the bypass poles; 8, oral
apparatus viewed from above (Fouquet).

PARAMACIUM MARINUM, S. K., vol. ii. p. 488, x 250.

LEMBUS ELONGATUS, C. & L. sp., vol. ii. p. 549, x 300 (Clap. & Lach.).

MARYNA SOCIALIS, Gruber, vol. ii. p. 520.—11, Social colony within branched
granular zoothecium, x 60; 12, isolated animalcule, x 120 (Gruber).

TILLINA MAGNA, Gruber, vol. ii. p. 514, X 190 (Gruber).

HAPTOPHRYA GIGANTEA, Maupas, vol. ii. p. 569:—14, Adult animalcule, ventral
aspect, X 333; 15, acetabulum, x 50 (Certes).

LOXOCEPHALUS LURIDUS, Eberhard, vol. ii. p. 489, x 100 (Eberhard).

ENCHELYODON ELONGATUS, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 504, x 150 (Clap. & Lach.).

METOPIDES CONTORTA, Quenn., vol. ii. p. 583, x 275 (Quennerstedt),

OPALINA RANARUM, Purk., vol. ii. p. 559.—Showing temporarily assumed
parallel disposition of the cilia as observed by the author, x Ioo.

NYCTOTHERUS GYGRYANUS, Stein, vol. ii. p. 580.—Ventral and lateral aspects,
X 200 (Stein).

BALANTIDIUM MEDUSARUM, Meresch., vol. 11. p. 578, x 600 (Mereschkowsky).

CALCEOLUS CYPRIPEDIUM, J.-Clk. sp., vol. iil. p. 619.—Ventral and lateral
aspects, X 200 (Jas.-Clark).

DICTYOCYSTA MITRA, HKL, vol. ii. p. 623.—26, Empty lorica, x 230 (Haeckel).

DICTYOCYSTA TEMPLUM, HKL, vol. 11. p. 625.—Empty lorica, x 400 (Haeckel).

DICTYOCYSTA TIARA, HkL, vol. ii. p. 626.—Empty lorica, x 400 (Haeckel).*

DICTYOCYSTA CASSIS, Hkl., vol. ii. p. 624.—29, Empty lorica, showing cribrate
structure, X 165; 30, extended animalcule, containing germinal bodies g,
depending from its lorica, x 165 ; 31, isolated germ, x 300 (Haeckel).

TORQUATELLA TYPICA, Lankester, vol. ii. p. 621.—32, Animalcule with oral
membrane contracted; 33 and 34, examples, viewed laterally and from
above, with this structure variously expanded. Dimensions unrecorded
(Ray Lankester).

HALTERIA GRANDINELLA, Mill. sp., vol. ii. p. 632.—35 and 36, Lateral and
ventral aspects, x 600; 37, animalcule dividing by transverse fission; 38,
example with its springing-sete deflected in the act of leaping.

HALTERIA VOLVOX, Eichwald, vol. ii. p. 632, x 250 (Claparéde & Lachmann).

MESODINIUM ACARUS, Stein, vol. ii. p. 635, x 400, as observed by the author.

ARACHNIDIUM CONVOLUTUM, S. K.,, vol. il. p. 638, x 400.

ARACHNIDIUM BIPARTITUM, From. sp., vol. ii. p. 638.—42, Ambulatory, and 43,
free-swimming examples, x 400 (De Fromentel).

MESODINIUM PULEX, C. & L. sp., vol. ii. p. 636, x 350 (Clap. & Lach.).

ACARELLA SIRO, Cohn, vol. ii. p. 636, x 250 (Cohn).

STROMBIDIUM CLAPAREDII, S. K., vol. ii. p. 634, x 200.

STROMBIDIUM SULCATUM, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 633, x 200 (Clap. & Lach.).

ARACHNIDIUM GLOBOSUM, S. K., vol. ii. p. 637.—Examples with tentacles
extended and contracted, x 1200.

DIDINIUM NASUTUM, Mill. sp., vol. 11. p. 639.—50, Normal aspect of natatory
animalcule, as observed by the author, x 200; 51 and §2, illustrating the
seizure and engulfment of a Paramecium as delineated by Balbiani; 53 and
54, aspects antecedent to and attending transverse fission (Balbiani); 55,
example of abnormal multiple subdivision as delineated by Eberhard;
56 and 57, embryonic conditions, after Balbiani.

Pig aes = F Mintern Bro? innp
W.SovilleKent dal. Wkhein sc. Z

FIG.
1-6.

7-10.

II-13.

14-18.

19-21.

22.
23, 2A:

25.
26-28.
29.
30.
at.
Bo;
33-

34, 35:

36-38.

PEATE XM KIT.

EXPLANATION.

GYROCORIS OXYURA, Stein, vol. ii. p.640.—1, Adult, and 2, 3, undeveloped zooids,
x 300 (after Tatem) ; 4-6, adult animalcules as delineated by Eberhard.

UROCENTRUM TURBO, Miiller sp., vol. ii. p. 641.—7 and 8, Free-swimming and
posteriorly adherent zooids, x 300; 9, an example dividing by transverse
fission ; 10, a—f, showing consecutive contours exhibited by the contractile
vesicle.

TELOTROCHIDIUM CRATERIFORME, Miill. sp., vol. ii. p. 643.—11, Normal ex-
ample, x 200; 12, zooid with abruptly truncate posterior border; 13,
example dividing by longitudinal fission.

TRICHODINA PEDICULUS, Ehr., vol. ii. p.646.—14-16, Lateral and ventral aspects
x 300 (after Stein); 17, denticles of adherent disc (after Quennerstedt) ;
18, the same structures as interpreted by the author; ¢. external, and
zz. internal elements, x 800.

TRICHODINA BALTICA, Quenn., vol. ii. p. 649.—19 and 20, Lateral and ventral
views, X 350; 21, denticles of adherent apparatus more highly magnified
(Quenn.).

URCEOLARIA MITRA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 650, x 600 (Stein).

CYCLOCHETA SPONGILLA, Jackson, vol. ii. p. 650.—23, Adult animalcule in
profile view, x 400; 24, portion of denticulated ring of acetabulum more
highly magnified.

LICNOPHORA COHNII, Claparéde, vol. ii. p. 652, x 400 (Cohn).

CCENOMORPHA MEDUSULA, Perty, vol. ii. p. 641, x 150 (Perty).

ASTYLOZOON FALLAX, Eng,, vol. ii. p. 654, x 250 (Engelmann).

LICNOPHORA AUERBACHII, Clap., vol. ii. p. 651, x 500 (Cohn).

SCYPHIDIA PHYSARUM, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 658, x 300 (Claparéde & Lachmann).

SCYPHIDIA LIMACINA, Lach., vol. ii. p. 658, x 300 (Lachmann).

SCYPHIDIA RUGOSA, Duj., vol. ii. p. 659.—Expanded and contracted examples,
x 280 (Dujardin).

GERDA FIXA, D’Udk., vol. ii. p. 657.—34, Expanded zooid almost completely
divided by longitudinal fission ; 35, contracted example, dimensions un-
recorded (D’Udekem).

GERDA GLANS, C. & Li, vol. ii. p. 65737, An adherent zooid; 38, a free-
swimming example with adventitious posterior ciliary circlet, x 150 (Clap.
& Lach.).

FIG.

39-42.

43-49.

50-52.

53.
54; 55+

56, 57

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIII.—continued.

SPIROCHONA TINTINNABULUM, S.K., vol. ii. p. 661.—39 and 4o, Adult fully
extended zooids, x 600; 41, example with subcentral ciliary circlet preparing
to divide by transverse fission ; 42, posterior moiety of subdivided zooid, the
membranous funnel being as yet imperfectly developed; %, hyaline triangular
interspace.

SPIROCHONA GEMMIPARA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 660.—43, Adult fully extended zooid
with at 2 a single germinal bud, x 350; 44, example with two laterally
attached germs ; 45 and 46, detached germs in lateral ventral aspect, showing
rudimentary stellate acetabulum and hypotrichous plan of ciliation ; 47 and
48, acetabuliform adherent apparatus of adult zooid; 49, endoplast and
nucleus (43 and 44, after Stein ; 45-49, after Hertwig).

SPIROCHONA SCHEUTENH, Stein, vol. ii. p. 661.—50 and 51, Spirit-preserved
zooids, x 300 (after Stein) ; 52, colony attached to branched hair of Gam-
marus marinus (after Westwood & Bates).

SCYPHIDIA FROMENTELLII, S. K., vol. ii. p. 659, x 200 (De Fromentel).

STYLOCHONA CORONATA, S.K., vol. ii. p. 663.—54, Two adult fully extended
zooids, X 600; 55, adult and imperfectly developed zooids attached to
branched hair of Gammarus sp.

STYLOCHONA NEBALINA, S.K., vol. ii. p. 662.—56, @, Adult, and 4, immature
zooid, x 500 ; $7, distal region of spirit-preserved example with membranous
funnel unrolled,

in

ney

hes

4

To}
=}
Nes
aN

Ss
a

STREET

TIN

au

Ra <a

W, Saville Kent del. WiRhein sc.

id

Mintern Bro? imp.

= = ca
ES oS Gage Soy Tt
ri : eet ae ee

PLATE XAALV.

2On2T.

22.

23, 24.

25, 26.
Ds

28.
29.
30.
31, 32.

33:

34-

35.

36.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIV.

RHABDOSTYLA RINGENS, From. sp., vol. ii. p. 666, x 150 (De Fromentel).

SCYPHIDIA INCLINANS, D’Udk. sp., vol. ii. p. 659.—a, Extended, and 4, con-
tracted zooid, dimensions unrecorded (D’Udekem).

RHABDOSTYLA SERTULARIUM, S. K,, vol. ii. p. 665.—3, Short-stalked, and 4, long-
stalked varieties, 3 x 300.

RHABDOSTYLA OVUM, S. K,, vol. 11. p. 664.—Expanded and contracted zooids,
Xx 250.
PYXIDIUM COTHURNOIDES, S. K., vol. ii. p. 667, x 350.

RHABDOSTYLA BREVIPES, C. & L. sp., vol. ii. p. 665, x 300 (Claparéde & Lach-
mann.

PYXIDIUM INCLINANS, Miill. sp., vol. ii. p. 667.—a, Expanded, and 4, contracted
zooids, X 250 (De Fromentel).

RHABDOSTYLA SPHEROIDES, From., vol. ii. p. 666, x 200 (De Fromentel).

RHABDOSTYLA NEBULIFERA, From., vol. ii. p. 665.—12, Example dividing by
longitudinal fission, X 100 (De Fromentel).

a

VORTICELLA BREVISTYLA, D’Udk.,, vol. ii. p. 675.—13, a, Expanded, and 4, con-
tracted zooid, x 200; 14, encysted example (D’Udekem).

VORTICELLA STRIATA, Duj., vol. ii. p. 684.—15, Two zooids, the one with a
lateral gemmule the product of longitudinal fission, x 300; 16-19, successive
phases of detached germ, resulting in the last instance in the attachment and
development of a pedicle.

VORTICELLA NEBULIFERA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 673.—20, Social group, showing at
a and & successive phases of longitudinal fission, and at ¢ contracted zooid
with conjugating germ, x 200; 21, free-swimming zooid the product of longi-
tudinal fission (D’Udekem).

VORTICELLA CRATERA, S.K., vol. ii. p. 679.—Expanded and contracted zooid,
x 250 (D’Udekem).

VORTICELLA PUTRINUM, Miill, vol. il. p. 684.—23, Expanded and contracted
zooid, the latter at a, two basally attached migrant zooids, the product of
repeated longitudinal fission, x 300; 24, free-swimming migrant zooid (fine
cross-striation of the cuticle accidentally omitted by the artist).

VORTICELLA CRASSICAULIS, S. K., vol. ii. p. 676.—aa, Extended, and 44, con-
tracted zooids, x 300.

VORTICELLA HAMATA, Ehr., vol. i. p.687.—a, Expanded, and 4, contracted
zooids, X 300.

VORTICELLA NUTANS, Miill., vol. ii. p. 679, x 300.
RHABDOSTYLA LONGIPES, S.K., vol. ii. p. 666.—At 0 fully contracted zooid, x 200.
VORTICELLA LONGIFILUM, S. K., vol. ii. p. 677, x 200.

VORTICELLA TELESCOPICA, S.K., vol. ii. p. 677.—31, Extended, and 32, con-
tracted zooid, xX 250.

VORTICELLA ALBA, From., vol. ii. p. 676.—At @ example with rudimentary
pedicle, 4 contracted zooid, x 200.

VORTICELLA QUADRANGULARIS, S. K., vol. ii. p. 685.—At 4 contracted zooid,
Metals ;

VORTICELLA SPECTABILIS, S. K., vol. ii. p. 687.—Social group, x 100,

VORTICELLA CAMPANULA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 678.—At @ expanded example, with
the cuticle irregularly puckered, at 6 contracted zooid, x 100.

Ty Y

DOSUNOOO HU

W, Saville Kent del. W, Rhein sc,

mo) 7, i

PLATE VCXKYY,

Fic.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXvV.

1-8. VORTICELLA MARINA, Greeff, vol. ii. p. 685.—1-3, Successive phases of longi-

tudinal fission resulting in the production of the free-swimming zooids,
Figs. 4 and 5; 6-8, successive phases illustrative of the conjugation of a
free-swimming microzooid with a normal sedentary animalcule, x 200 (Greeff).

9-24. VORTICELLA MICROSTOMA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 683.—9-11, Showing production of

29.
30, 31.

32-47.

48-50.

Bis

microzooid by uneven longitudinal fission ; 12 and 13, conjugation of micro-
zooid with normal animalcule resulting in the disintegration of the endoplast
or nucleus (afterGreeff) ; 14-16, encysted zooids apparently developing, in
the two latter instances, endoparasitic organisms (Stein) ; 17, normal de-
tached sedentary animalcule as observed by the author ; 18, encysted zooid ;
19, example of production of eight microzooids through repeated fission of
primarily segmented moiety (after D’Udekem) ; 20, zooid with two basally
attached microzooids ; 21, zooid encysted upon its contracted pedicle (after
Stein) ; 22-24, conjugating adult zooids, x 300 (after Clapar¢de & Lachmann).

VORTICELLA ELONGATA, From., vol. 11. p. 686, x 200.
VORTICELLA PATELLINA, Mill. vol. ii. p. 679, x 170.
VORTICELLA MONILATA, Tatem, vol. i. p. 688.—At 4 contracted zooid ; 28, de-

tached free-swimming animalcule, x 300.

VORTICELLA CITRINA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 678, x I50.
CARCHESIUM POLYPINUM, Linn. sp., vol. ii. p. 690.—30, Hinder portion of body

that to the left viewed in perspective, that to the right in optic section ;
cl, temporarily developed posterior ciliary girdle ; 4, obliquely striated band
that gives origin to these cilia ; #2, fibrillae of muscular or myophan layer,
c, cuticulum ; ec, contracted ectoplasm ; 31, obliquely striated band, 0 of
preceding figure, x 2000, showing its granular consistence (after T. W.
Engelmann, from a specimen prepared with a one-half per cent. solution of
osmic acid).

VORTICELLA NEBULIFERA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 673.—32, Body of adult zooid, showing

at # outline of myophan layer continuous with the contractile fibrilla of
the pedicle, x 400; 33-35, successive phases following upon detachment
and encystment resulting in the subdivision of the endoplast or nucleus into
nodular fragments ; 39-46, successive phases illustrating the development
of a nodular endoplastic fragment through a Stvombidium-like condition
(Figs. 38-41) into an ordinarily attached zooid, the example at 40 dividing by
transverse fission ; 47, lenticular protective encystment (after Everts).

EPISTYLIS FLAVICANS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 702.—48, Terminal branchlet with two

zooids ; v, vestibulum ; 4%, pharynx ; @, cesophagus ; f, food-mass passing
through the tubular cesophagus ; /’, food-globules discharged into the internal
parenchyma or endoplasm ; az, anal aperture, x 200; 49, alimentary tract
isolated and further enlarged ; 0”, oral aperture ; 4, bulbous enlargement of
cesophagus ; s, vestibular seta; /, flap-like developments of pharyngeal walls ;
other lettering as in preceding figure; 50, basal region of body, showing
radiating muscular fibrillae and concentric striz of the cuticulum, x 300
(after R. Greeff).

CARCHESIUM POLYPINUM, Linn. sp., vol. ii. p. 690.—Diagrammatic outline of

peristome and oral system ; /, peristome ; c/, ciliary wreath ; v, vestibulum ;
s, vestibular seta ; ¢v, contractile vesicle ; a, anal aperture (R. Greeff).

at

AN

y
wee,
heey

a ee

NE wages mete! hr

VEIL I iy Se POM ip

Fic.
1-8.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVI

CARCHESIUM POLYPINUM, Linn. sp., vol. ii. p. 690.—1, Adult colony-stock,
* 100; 2, a similar stock completely retracted; 3, three colony-stocks
attached to a rootlet of Lemna, natural size, as delineated by Schaffer (1754) ;
4, termination of branchlet showing unilateral plan of disposition of the
zooids, X 150; 5, terminal branchlet with three zooids, showing independent
relationship of the contractile element of their respective pedicles, x 350
(after Stein) ; 6, fragment of pedicle, showing apparent transverse striation of
the central muscular cord, as delineated by H. E. Forrest ; 7 and 8, succes-
sive phases of longitudinal fission.

ZOOTHAMNIUM NUTANS, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 698, x 200 (Claparéde & Lachmann).
CARCHESIUM ASELLI, Eng,, vol. ii. p. 693, * 125 (Engelmann).
ZOOTHAMNIUM MARINUM, Meresch., vol. ii. p. 700, X 125 (Mereschkowsky).

CARCHESIUM EPISTYLIDIS, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 692.—12, Small colony-stock (after
Clap. & Lach.), x 300; 13.and 14, large colony-stock and terminal branchlet
of the same, as delineated by H. E. Forrest.

ZOOTHAMNIUM NUTANS, C. & L,, vol. ii. p. 698.—Isolated zooid during contrac-
tion, x 200 (Clap. & Lach.).

ZOOTHAMNIUM AFFINE, Stein, vol. ii. p. 698, x 150 (Stein).

ZOOTHAMNIUM SIMPLEX, S. K., vol. ii. p. 700.—17, Adult colony-stock, x 150;
18, retracted condition; 19, isolated zooid, x 300; 20, conjugation of
migrant microzooid @ with an ordinary sedentary animalcule.

CARCHESIUM LACHMANNI, S. K,, vol. ii. p. 691, x 200 (Clap. & Lach.)

ZOOTHAMNIUM ALTERNANS, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 695.—22, Colony-stock with at
aaa subcylindrical microzooids, as observed by the author ; 23, isolated
microzooid, x 400.

ZOOTHAMNIUM GLENISCUM, C. & L., vol. ii. p, 697.—Expanded and contracted
zooids, X 200 (Clap. & Lach.).

CARCHESIUM SPECTABILE, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 691.—Colony-stock, as figured by Résel
(1755), dimensions unrecorded.

yp

PLATE XXXVI.

Ege Aesuemanny

=
im,
om
os
as
re
)
ry
=
|
ry)
=
eae
ia

. SovaileKent del. W Rhein se.

Wantern Brot imp

PEA RE XOX 11.

Fic,
1-8.

g-12.

13. TA.

ise
16.

17-109.

20-24,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVII.

ZOOTHAMNIUM ARBUSCULA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 694.—1, Fully extended adult colony-
stock with at aa large subspheroidal reproductive zooids, x 100; 2, a similar
colony-stock, natural size; 3, colony-stock in a semi-contracted state; 4,
isolated conical zooid, x 350; 5, spheroidal reproductive zooid, as delineated
by H. E. Forrest ; 6 and 7, successive phases of growth of a reattached repro-
ductive zooid ; 8, ordinary conical zooid with the anterior border plicately
contracted.

ZOOTHAMNIUM DICHOTOMUM, Wright, vol. ii. p. 697.—9, Adult colony-stock,
x 50; 10, an isolated zooid, x 200; 11, colony-stock in semi-contracted
state ; 12, scarcer reproductive zooids, x 200.

ZOOTHAMNIUM NIVEUM, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 694.—13, Adult colony-stock, x 50;
14, isolated zooid, x 200.

ZOOTHAMNIUM CIENKOWSKII, Wyz., vol. ii. p. 696, x 400 (Wrzesniowski).
ZOOTHAMNIUM PARASITA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 698, x 100 (Stein).

ZOOTHAMNIUM CARCINI, S. K., vol. ii. p. 700.—17, Adult colony-stock, x 80;
18 and 19, expanded and contracted zooids, x 200.

ZOOTHAMNIUM ALTERNANS, C. & L., vol. ii. p.695.—20, Adult colony-stock with
various sized zooids, as delineated by Greeff, x 125 ; 21, attenuate undeveloped
colony-stock, as observed by the author; 22 and 23, larger reproductive zooids
with subcentrally developed supplementary ciliary girdles; 24, portion of
pedicle with finely striate central cord, as observed by the author; 25, a
portion of the same structure, as delineated by H. E. Forrest.

W Sawille Kent del. W Rhein sc.

ae Ld
Seah
tae

REAP CleX VILL.

Fic.
I-5.

6-8.

19-22.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVIII.

EPISTYLIS FLAVICANS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 702.—-Adult erect colony-stock, with at
yr rosette-like groups of microzooids produced through the repeated seg-
mentation of the ordinary animalcules ; at # # detached microzooids laterally
adherent to and conjugating with ordinary sedentary animalcules, x 100, after
Greeff (as originally delineated by Greeff, the right-hand half of the colony is
alone portrayed, the left one has been filled by the author, in keeping with -
the same, for the purpose of symmetry) ; 2, decumbent colony-stock ; 3, zooid
after death, the cilia having fallen away, but showing concentric lines of ciliary
circlets ; 4and 5, trichocyst-like bodies, as delineated by Greeff, x 600.

EPISTYLIS PLICATILIS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 701.—6, Adult colony-stock, x 150;

at @a commensally attached Flagellata, Monosiga; 7 and 8, contracted
zooids, X 200.

EPISTYLIS UMBILICATA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 706, x 250 (D’Udekem).

EPISTYLIS COARCTATA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 706.—10, Colony-stock, as delineated
by Claparéde & Lachmann, x 150; 11, more luxuriant colony, as figured by
H, J. Slack; at @ an apparently encysted zooid.

EPISTYLIS DIGITALIS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 704.—12, Adult colony-stock, x 150; 13,
isolated zooid, x 300; 14, contracted zooid ; 15 and 16, migrant zooids de-
tached from the parent stock, that at 16 progressing on the ground after the
manner of a 7richodina.

EPISTYLIS STEINII, Wrz., vol. ii. p. 708, x 300 (Wrzesniowski).

EPISTYLIS NYMPHARUM, Eng., vol. ii. p. 708.—Isolated zooid, x 160 (Engelmann).

EPISTYLIS ANASTATICA, Linn. sp., vol. il. p. 701.—19, Colony-stocks attached to
limbs of Cyclops, x 100 ; 20, isolated zooid, x 300; 21, contracted animal-
cule. Cyclops with numerous colony-stocks attached, x Io.

PEATIC XAXIX.

16.
17.
18.

19.

20.
21.

22,23:

24-26.

27.
28, 29.

30.

31, 32.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIX.

EPISTYLIS BRANCHIOPYLA, Perty, vol. ii. p. 705.—1, Fragment of colony-stock,
x 200; 2, encysted zooid, x 200 (Stein).

EPISTYLIS ARTICULATA, From., vol. ii. p. 707, * 200 (De Fromentel).

EPISTYLIS LEUCOA, Ehr,, vol. ii. p. 704, X 100 (Ehrenberg).

EPISTYLIS BALANORUM, Meresch., vol. ii. p. 709.—Isolated zooid, x 240 (Meresch-
kowsky).

EPISTYLIS GALEA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 701.—Terminal branch with two zooids, x 120
(Ehrenberg).

EPISTYLIS TUBIFICIS, D’Udk., vol. ii. p. 707.—7, Adult colony-stock, x 120;
8, zooid with irregularly developed posterior prolongations (D’Udekem).

OPERCULARIA HOSPES, From., vol. ii. p. 714.—9, Expanded, to and II, con-
tracted zooids, x 200 (De Fromentel).

EPISTYLIS PLICATILIS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 701.—12, Three zooids containing ciliated
embryos derived through the disrupture of the endoplast, x 200; at aaa,
spout-like apertures whence similar embryos have made their escape ; 13,
fragment of endoplast enclosing three embryos ; 14 and 15, isolated embryos
more highly magnified (Claparéde & Lachmann).

OPERCULARIA MICROSTOMA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 713, x 200 (Stein).

OPERCULARIA STENOSTOMA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 712, x 200 (D’Udekem).

EPISTYLIS INVAGINATA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 706.—Isolated zooid, x 200 (Clap. &
Lach.)

EPISTYLIS CRASSICOLLIS, Stein, vol. ii. p. 705.—Fragment of branch with two
zooids, X 200 (Stein).

OPERCULARIA LICHTENSTEINII, Stein, vol. ii. p. 712, X 200 (Stein).

OPERCULARIA CYLINDRATA, W1z., vol. ii. p. 713.—Terminal branchlet with two
zooids, x 300 (Wrzesniowski).

OPERCULARIA NUTANS, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 710.—22, Adult colony-stock, x 300 ;
23, isolated animalcule with at @ a conjugating migrant zooid, as delineated
by Ehrenberg.

OPERCULARIA ARTICULATA, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 711.—24, Portion of adult colony-
stock, x 150; 25, isolated zooid; 26, distal extremity showing membranous
collar c, and stalked ciliary disc more highly magnified ; ¢e, kidney-shaped
corpuscles of undetermined nature (after Stein).

OPERCULARIA BERBERINA, Linn. sp., vol. ii. p. 711, X 200 (Stein).

VORTICELLA ANNULARIS, Miill., vol. ii. p. 689.—28, Group, natural size, attached
to a small Planorbis ; 29, isolated zooid, x 10 (O. F. Miller).

ZOOTHAMNIUM MACROSTYLUM, D’Udk.,, vol. ii. p. 699.—Dimensions unrecorded
(D’Udekem).

OPERCULARIA sp., apparently allied to O. stenostoma, vol. il. p. 712.—31, Frag-
ment of colony-stock; 32, isolated zooid, as figured by Henry Baker,

‘Employment for the Microscope,’ 1785, pl. xiii. figs. 13 and 14, dimensions
unrecorded.

PLATE XxXxIx.

Kent del. Wi Khem sc.

W.Samille

Me
pret
a8 r

Fic.

Q, Io.

II.

12.
13-15.

17, 18.

20, 21.

PLATE XL,

EXPLANATION.

VAGINICOLA CRYSTALLINA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 715.—Lorica containing two zooids,
X 200.

STYLOCOLA STRIATA, From., vol. ii. p. 730, x 300 (De Fromentel).
VAGINICOLA GLOBOSA, D’Udk., vol. ii. p. 716, dimensions unrecorded (D’Udekem).

THURICOLA VALVATA, Wright sp., vol. 11. p. 718.—Loricz with two zooids in an
expanded and contracted state ; v, valvular structure, x 200 (Str. Wright).

THURICOLA FOLLICULATA, Miill. sp., vol. ii. p. 718.—6, Fully extended zooid
with at vv lateral edges of pectinate valve, x 200; 7 and 8, distal region
of lorica showing pectinate structure of valve, x 400.

COTHURNIA IMBERBIS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 720.—9, Lorica containing two zooids,
that at @ in a contracted condition, having developed a subcentral ciliary
girdle preparatory to migration, X 200 ; 10, detached migratory zooid (Greeff).

COTHURNIA PONTICA, Meresch., vol. ii. p. 725.—Empty lorica, x 150 (Meresch-
kowsky).

COTHURNIA GRACILIS, S. K., vol. 11. p. 724.—Zooid contracted, x 250.

THURICOLA OPERCULATA, Gruber sp., vol. ii. p. 719.—13 and 14, Expanded zooids,
showing at of valve-like operculum, and at / retractile ligament that connects
the same with the body at the bottom of the lorica; 15, basal region with the
operculum and retractile ligament diagrammatically represented (Gruber).

PYXICOLA SOCIALIS, Gruber sp., vol. ii. p. 728.—Distal region of expanded zooid
with at 7 collar-like membrane, dimensions unrecorded (Gruber).

COTHURNIA COMPRESSA, C. & L., vol. i. p. 722.—Front and lateral aspects,
x 170 (Claparéde & Lachmann).

COTHURNIA HAVNIENSIS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 720, X 100 (Ehrenberg).

COTHURNIA PATULA, From., vol. ii. p. 722.—Lorica with two zooids in their
expanded and contracted states, x 200 (De Fromentel).

COTHURNIA COHNII, S. K., vol. ii. p. 723, x 400 (Cohn).
COTHURNIA PUPA, Eichw., vol. ii. p. 724, dimensions unrecorded (Eichwald).

COTHURNIA SIEBOLDII, Stein, vol. ii. p. 720.—Ventral and lateral aspects, x 150
(Stein).

COTHURNIA ASTACI, Stein, vol. ii. p. 721, x 150 (Stein).
COTHURNIA CURVA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 721, x 300 (Stein).

FIG.

28, 29.
30, 31.
32.
33, 34-
35.
36-38.
39:

40.
4I.

42.
43.
44-46.

47.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL.—continued.

PYXICOLA AFFINIS, S. K., vol. ii. p. 727.—Expanded and contracted zooids ; of,
operculum, x 250.

PYXICOLA SOCIALIS, Gruber sp., vol. ii. p. 728.—30, Social group, x 90; 31,
isolated zooid, X 250; of, operculum (Gruber).

PACHYTROCHA COTHURNOIDES, S.K., vol. ii. p. 729.—Extended zooid with at
op fleshy operculum, xX 500.

PLATYCOLA DECUMBENS, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 731.—Dorsal and lateral aspects,
the lorica at 33 containing two zooids, x 280,

PLATYCOLA LONGICOLLIS, S. K., vol. ii. p. 732, x 300 (De Fromentel).

LAGENOPHRYS VAGINICOLA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 733.—36, Two zooids attached to a
branched hair of Canthocamptus minutus, x 350; 37, example with at
£ posteriorly separated germ ; 38, membranous valve of oral region.

PYXICOLA OPERCULIGERA, S. K., vol. ii. p. 725.—Extended zooid with at of
discoidal operculum, x 250.

PYXICOLA CARTERI, S. K,, vol. ii. p. 729, x 400.—0%, Operculum.

PYXICOLA PYXIDIFORMIS, D’Udk. sp., vol. ii. p. 726.—Extended zooid with at
op lid-like operculum, x 150 (D’Udekem).

PLATYCOLA STRIATA, From., vol. ii. p. 732, x 300 (De Fromentel).
PLATYCOLA DILATATA, From., vol. ii. p. 731, X 300 (De Fromentel).

LAGENOPHRYS AMPULLA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 733.—44, Extended zooid with at gg
detached ciliated germs, x 300; 45 and 46, detached germs more highly
magnified, showing hypotrichous plan of ciliation (Stein).

LAGENOPHRYS NASSA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 733.—Retracted zooid, x 300 (Stein).

imp.

Mintern Bro?

WRhein sc.

W, Saville Kent del,

aw SY wr ©

Bex Sey oad aren ae

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLI.

FUG.

I-~9. OPHRYDIUM VERSATILE, Mill. sp., vol. ii. p.735.—1 and 2, Colony-stocks, natural
size (after Ehrenberg) ; 3, portion of a similar colony-stock, as seen in optical
section slightly magnified ; 4, fragment of a colony-stock with fully extended
zooids, showing at aa the thread-like branching pedicle with its surrounding
common gelatinous matrix or zoocytium z, x 100 (after Wrzesniowski) ;
5 and 6, extended and contracted zooids, x 200 (after Stein); 7, basal
region of three zooids of a variety in which the relatively short pedicles are
distinctly annulate at their distal ends (Wrzesniowski) ; 8, fragments of a
colony-stock treated with haematoxylin and osmic acid, showing at @ the
urceolate cavities in the zoocytium into which the zooids retreat ; 4, a re-
tracted zooid ; and «, the pedicle ; the lines at d indicate the boundaries of
the zoocytial element exuded by the individual zooids, x 150 (Wrzesniowski) ;
9, a detached free-swimming zooid having a posteriorly developed supple-
mentary girdle of cilia.

10-17. OPHRYDIUM EICHORNII, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 737.—10, a moderate-sized colony-stock
with fully extended zooids, as observed by the author, x 50; 11, a fragment
of the same stock with, at a, 4, contracted zooids, x 150; 12,a zooid with
posteriorly developed ciliary girdle preparing to enter upon the free-swimming
state ; 13, a zooid exhibiting the rare phenomenon of subdivision by trans-
verse fission, the line at ¢v indicating the region of separation ; 14, a detached
free-swimming zooid; 15 and 16, whole and portion of a normal zooid
x 400 (as delineated by Wrzesniowski) ; 07, oral entrance ; v, vestibular
fossa; fh, pharynx; @, cesophageal tube; 17 and 18, outlines of the
contractile vesicle.

19-21. OPHRYDIUM SESSILE, S.K., vol. ii. p. 738.—19, colony-stock attached to vegetable
filament, natural size; 20, a colony-stock with fully extended zooids,
x 100; 21, a similar stock with the zooids retracted within their common
gelatinous zoocytium.

22, 23. OPHIONELLA PICTA, S.K,, vol. ii. p. 734.22, extended, and 23, contracted zooid,
300!

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16-22.

23.

24-26.

27-30.

31-33-

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EXPLANATION.

LOXODES ROSTRUM, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 748.—1, zooid as viewed superficially, showing
cuticular striz, marginal sete, and endoplastular spherules ; Af, sickle-
shaped pharyngeal tube, x 200; 2,a similar zooid more deeply focussed»
showing the reticulate or cancellate structure of the internal parenchyma ;
v, vacuolar spaces ; 7, refringent corpuscles ; 3, indurated pharynx, x 300
(after Wrzesniowski).

LITONOTUS VARSAVIENSIS, Wrz., vol. ii. p. 744, X 500.—¢r, trichocysts
(Wrzesniowski).

LITONOTUS FASCIOLA, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 743.—5, lateral view, and 6, ventral
aspect, x 500 (Wrzesniowski) ; 7, example abnormally dilated with ingested
food ; 8-11, successive developmental phases of a single zooid (as observed
by the author).

LITONOTUS WRZESNIOWSKII, S. K., vol. ii. p. 742.—12, Lateral, and 13, ventral
aspects, x 400; @r, trichocysts.

PHASCOLODON VORTICELLA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 746.—Ventral and lateral aspects,
x 250 (Stein).

CHILODON CUCULLULUS, Miill. sp., vol. ii. p. 746.—16 and 17, Ventral and
lateral aspects, x 200 (Stein) ; 18, example dividing by transverse fission ;
19, conjugation of two independent zooids (Stein) ; 20, zooid with abnormally
developed pharyngeal tube, drawn from a preserved example supplied to the
author by Mr. Charles Stewart; 21 and 22, pharyngeal rod-fascicles,
showing extended and contracted conditions during the ingestion ofa diatom
frustule.

OPISTHODON NIEMECCENSIS, Stein, vol. ii. p. 750.—Ventral aspect, X I50
(Stein).

IDUNA SULCATA, C. & L.,, vol. ii. p. 752.—Dextral, sinistral, and ventral aspects,
x 175 (Claparéde & Lachmann),

DYSTERIA ARMATA, Huxley, vol. ii. p. 752.—27, Sinistral aspect, x 250;
28-30, corneous elements of pharyngeal apparatus further enlarged (after
Huxley).

CYPRIDIUM LANCEOLATUM, C. & L. sp., vol. ii. p. 754.—31 and 32, Dextral and
sinistral aspects, X 350; 33, ventral view of posterior region, showing the
union of the lateral valves, and at sf caudal style (Claparéde &
Lachmann).

FIG.
34.

35, 36.

37, 38.
39; 40.

41, 42.
43, 44.
45.
46.
47, 48.
49, 50.

si, 52.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLII. (continued).

CYPRIDIUM SPINIGERUM, C. & L., vol. ii. p.754.—Dorsal aspect, x 300 (Claparéde
& Lachmann).

/EGYRIA MONOSTYLA, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 755.—Dextral and sinistral views,
X 200 (Stein).

HUXLEYA CRASSA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 758, X 300 (Claparéde & Lachmann).

/EGYRIA ANGUSTATA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 755.—Dextral and ventral aspects,
x 300 (Claparéde & Lachmann).

CHLAMYDODON MNEMOSYNE, Enhr., vol. ii. p. 750.—Ventral and lateral aspects,
Xx 250 (Stein).

ZEGYRIA OLIVA, C. & L., vol. il. p. 756.—Dextral and sinistral aspects, x 250;
é, eye-like pigment-speck (Claparéde & Lachmann).

CYPRIDIUM ACULEATUM, C. & L. sp., vol. ii. p. 754.—Sinistral aspect, x 250
(Claparéde & Lachmann).

TRICHOPUS DYSTERIA, C. & L., vol. ii: p. 758, x 200° (Claparéde&
Lachmann).

TROCHILIA SIGMOIDES, Duj., vol. ii. p. 757.—47, as figured by Claparéde &
Lachmann, under the title of Huxleya sulcata, X 500; 48, after Dujardin.

SCAPHIDIODON NAVICULA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 750.—Ventral and dorsal aspects,
x 240 (Stein).

TROCHILIA PALUSTRIS, Stein, vol. ii. p. 757.—Dorsal and ventral aspects, x 400
(Stein).

PLATE XLII.

Mintern Bro* ump

1M
I-3.

9-10.

1Q, 20.

31, 32.

33:
34.

35, 36.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIII.

PSILOTRICHA ACUMINATA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 762.—1, Ventral, 2, dorsal, and 3,
lateral aspects, x 300 (Stein).

KERONA POLYPORUM, Ehr,, vol. ii. p. 763.—Ventral and dorsal aspects, x 200
(Stein).

UROSTYLA GRANDIS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 765.—6, Elongate example in ventral aspect ;
7, shorter zooid, dorsal view, x 100 ; 8, encysted zooid (Stein).

UROLEPTUS MOBILIS, Eng., vol. ii. p. 781.—Extended and contracted examples,
x 150 (Engelmann).

HOLOSTICHA MYSTACEA, Stein sp., vol. ii. p. 769.—Ventral aspect, x 150 (Stein).
AMPHISIA PERNIX, Wrz. sp., vol. ii. p. 768.—Ventral aspect, x 300 (Wrzesniowski).
ONYCHODROMUS GRANDIS, Stein, vol. ii. p. 766.—Ventral aspect, x 150 (Stein).
UROLEPTUS MUSCULUS, Miill. sp., vol. ii. p. 779.—Ventral aspect, x 150 (Stein).
AMPHISIA GIBBA, Mill. sp., vol. ii. p. 767.—Ventral aspect, x 200 (Stein).
GASTROSTYLA STEINII, Eng,, vol. ii. p.784.—Ventral aspect, x 200 (Engelmann).
HOLOSTICHA RUBRA, Ehr. sp., vol, ii. p. 770.—Ventral view, x 300 (Cohn).
UROLEPTUS VIOLACEUS, Stein, vol. ii. p. 781.—Ventral aspect, x 200 (Stein).

HOLOSTICHA FLAVA, Cohn sp., vol. ii. p. 769.—19, Lateral, and 20, ventral aspects,
x 250 (Cohn).

UROLEPTUS PISCIS, Mill. sp., vol. ii. p. 780.—Ventral aspect, x 100 (Stein).

PLEUROTRICHA ECHINATA, C. & L. sp., vol. ii. p. 783.—Ventral aspect, x 300
(Claparéde & Lachmann).

EPICLINTES RETRACTILIS, C. & L. sp., vol. ii. p. 774.—23, Extended, and 24, con-
tracted conditions, ventral view, x 500 (Claparéde & Lachmann).

PLAGIOTRICHA AFFINIS, Stein sp., vol. 11. p. 772.—Ventral aspect, x 300 (Stein),

PLEUROTRICHA LANCEOLATA, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 783.— Ventral aspect, x 150;
27, encysted zooid (Stein).

EPICLINTES AURICULARIS, C. & L. sp., vol. ii. p. 773.—28, Ventral view ; 29,
repent animalcule in lateral aspect, x 200 (after Claparede & Lachmann ;
30, anterior region more highly magnified, as delineated by Mereschkowsky.

EPICLINTES RADIOSA, Quenn. sp., vol. i. p. 774.—31, Dorsal, and 32, lateral
aspects, X 300 (Quennerstedt).

UROLEPTUS RATTULUS, Stein, vol. ii. p. 780.—Ventral aspect, x 150 (Stein).

PLAGIOTRICHA STRENUA, Eng. sp., vol. ii. p. 772.—Ventral view, x 180
(Engelmann).

OPISTHOTRICHA PARALLELA, Eng. sp., vol. ii. p. 785.—35, Dorsal, and 36,
ventral aspects, x 150 (Engelmann).

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EXPLANATION OF PLATE XEIV;

STICHOTRICHA SECUNDA, Perty, vol. il. p. 776.—1, Zooid projecting from its
mucilaginous sheath ; 2, isolated animalcule in ventral aspect, x 250
(Stein). :

STICHOTRICHA ACULEATA, Wz1z., vol. 11. p. 777.—Ventral aspect x 500 (Wrzes-
niowski).

SCHIZOSIPHON SOCIALIS, Gruber sp., vol. ii. p. 778.—4, pendent dichotomously
branching colony-stock or zoothecium with terminally enclosed zooids, x 60;
5, an isolated animalcule, x 240; 6, an example dividing by transverse fission

within its tube ; 7, termination of tube temporarily occupied by two zooids ;
8, a colony-stock, natural size (Gruber).

STICHOTRICHA REMEX, Hudson, vol. ii. p. 777.—9, Animalcules projecting in
various positions from their cylindrical sheaths, x 40; 10, an isolated zooid,
x 150 (C. S. Hudson).

STICHOTRICHA CORNUTA, C. & L., vol. il. p. 776.—Zooid in ventral aspect, x
400 (Claparéde & Lachmann).

OXYTRICHA TUBICOLA, Gruber, vol. ii. p. 789.—Zooid enclosed within its tube,
x 200 (Gruber).

STICHOCH#TA PEDICULIFORMIS, Cohn, vol. ii. p. 775.—13, Ventral, and 14,
lateral aspects, x 500 (Cohn).

AMPHISIA GIBBA var. CRASSA, C. & L. sp., vol. ii. p. 768.—Ventral, and lateral
aspects, x 200 (Claparéde & Lachmann).

OXYTRICHA SCUTELLUM, Cohn, vol. ii. p. 788.—Extended and contracted zooids,
x 360 (Cohn).

OXYTRICHA ARUGINOSA, Wrz., vol. il. p. 787.—19, Ventral and 20, lateral
aspects, X 150 (Wrzesniowski).

HOLOSTICHA OCULATA, Meresch. sp., vol. ii. p. 770.—Ventral aspect, dimensions
unrecorded (Mereschkowsky).

EUPLOTES HARPA, Stein, vol. ii. p. 799.—Ventral aspect, x 150 (Stein).

EUPLOTES PATELLA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 798.—23, Dorsal, and 24, ventral aspects, x
200 (after Stein) ; 25, lateral aspect (Dujardin).

EUPLOTES CHARON, Mill. sp., vol. ii. p. 799.—26, Ventral view, x 300; 27,
example dividing by transverse fission ; 28, encysted zooid (Stein).

STYLOPLOTES APPENDICULARIS, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 800.—Dorsal and ventral
aspects, x 300 (Stein).

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15-17.

18-21.

22.

23, 24.

25-29.

30.

31-33:

34-36.

37.
38-40.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLV.

STYLONYCHIA MYTILUS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 790.—Diagrammatic plan of oral ciliary
system : ad, adoral cilia or membranette; ~r@, preeoral, and ez, endoral
cilia ; #, undulating membrane; /”, frontal style (Sterki).

GASTROSTYLA, sp. (Sterki).—Diagrammatic optic section showing disposition of
the several ciliary systems ; d, dorsal, and m, marginal setz ; far, paroral
cilium ; the other lettering as in the preceding figure.

OXYTRICHA PELLIONELLA, Miill. sp., vol. ii. p. 786.—3, Ventral aspect, x 400 ;
4, diagrammatic longitudinal section : ad, adoral, /r, frontal, v, ventral, az,
anal, and d, dorsal cilia or sete (after Sterki) ; 5, ventral aspect (after Stein).

ACTINOTRICHA SALTANS, Cohn, vol. ii. p. 790, xX 360 (Cohn).
OXYTRICHA FALLAX, Stein, vol. ii. p. 787.—Ventral aspect, x 170 (Stein).

OXYTRICHA PLATYSTOMA, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 787.—Ventral and dorsal aspects
Xx 300 (Stein).

HISTRIO sp. (Sterki).—10, diagrammatic outline of zooid antecedent to sub-
division by transverse fission, showing at s, and s, the newly-growing
ventral ciliary series, at #7, the second peristomal fringe, and at 71, m2,
the new elements of the first and second marginal series ; 11 and 12, showing
disposition and numerical order of development of the newly developing
frontal, ventral, and anal series (after Sterki).

HISTRIO STEINII, Miill. sp., vol. ii. p. 789.—13, Ventral aspect, x 200; 14,
example dividing by transverse fission, with at gv, and gr; newly
developing secondary and tertiary peristomal ciliary systems (Stein).

STYLONYCHIA PUSTULATA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 791.—17, Ventral aspect, x 1503 15
zooid disintegrating by diffluence ; 16, encysted animalcule (Stein).

>

STYLONYCHIA MYTILUS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 790.—18 and 19, ventral and lateral aspects,
X 150; 20, zooid preparing to divide by transverse fission, the rudimentary
second peristomal fringe fv, being already developed ; 21, variety having
the frontal, ventral, and anal styles and sete distinctly fimbriated (Stein).

STYLONYCHIA FISSISETA, C. & L., vol. il. p. 791.— Ventral aspect, xX 300
(Claparéde & Lachmann).

ASPIDISCA LYNCASTER, Stein, vol. il. p. 793.—23, Ventral and, 24, dorsal aspects,
x 250 (Stein).

ASPIDISCA COSTATA, Duj. sp., vol. ii. p. 794.—25 and 26, ventral and dorsal
aspects, x 300 (Stein) ; 27-29, developmental phases as observed by the
author and described at p. 794.

GLAUCOMA MARGARITACEUM, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 796, x 150 (Clap. & Lach.)

ASPIDISCA TURRITA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 793.—Ventral, dorsal, and lateral aspects,
xX 209 (Stein).

URONYCHIA TRANSFUGA, Miill. sp., vol. ii. p. 797.—34 and 35, Dorsal and ventral
aspects ; 36, example with fimbriated anal uncini, x 250 (Stein).

MICROTHORAX SULCATUS, Eng., vol. ii. p. 796, x 220 (Engelmann).

GLAUCOMA SCINTILLANS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 795.—38 and 39, Ventral aspect, with at
39, vibratile membrane extended, x 150; 40, encysted zooid dividing by
oblique fission (Stein).

PLATE XIV,

W. SavilleKent del. W. Rhein se. Mintern Bro? imp.

Fic.

Tez.

19-22.

23
24-30.

aie

32-35.

36-39.

PLATE XIE VT.

EXPLANATION.

RHYNCHETA CYCLOPUM, Zenker, vol. ii. p. 806.—1, Adult animalcule, x 1 50;
2, extremity of single tubular sucker, x 600 (Zenker).

SPHEROPHRYA UROSTYL#&, Maupas, vol. ii. p. 809.—3, Normal adult zooid ; Flr
example dividing by transverse fission, the anterior moiety with temporarily
developed cilia ; 5, a zooid elongated and with cilia developed preparatory to
subdivision, X 200 (Stein). ;

SPHROPHYRA PUSILLA, C. & L., vol. ii, p. 808, x 150 (Claparéde & Lach-
mann).

SPHAROPHRYA STENTOREA, Maupas, vol. ii. p. 808, x 200 (Stein).

TRICHOPHRYA DIGITATA, Stein sp., vol. ii. p. 812.—10, Adult animalcule, x 300 ;
II, non-tentaculate germ (Stein).

TRICHOPHRYA EPISTYLIDIS, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 811.—12, Dorsal ; 13, lateral
aspects, X 150 (Clap. & Lach.).

PODOPHRYA ASTACI, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 819.—14, Adult animalcule, x 200 ;
15 and 16, ciliated embryos ; 17, earliest phase of fixed condition (Stein).

PODOPHRYA QUADRIPARTITA, C. & L,, vol. ii. p. 820.—Two examples attached
to stalk of Zpzstylis plicatilis, x 150 (Stein).

PODOPHRYA FERRUM-EQUINUM, Ehr. sp., vol. ii. p. 813.—19 and 20, Front and
profile views showing compressed form of body and proportionate size of
pedicle, x 100 (after Clap. & Lach.) ; 21, ciliated embryo ; 22, earliest fixed
condition possessing only a single tentacle as represented by Zenker.

PODOPHRYA CYCLOPUM, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 818, x 150,

PODOPHRYA FIXA, Miill. sp., vol. ii. p. 813.—24, Adult animalcule containing at
aa ciliated embryo, x 200; 25, an example dividing by transverse fission ;
26, conjugation of two adjacent animalcules; 27, animalcule forming a
membranous encystment (Stein) ; 28, encystment as found within body of
Stylonychia mytilus (Engelmann); 29 and 30, ciliated embryos.

PODOPHRYA WRZESNIOWSKII, S. K., Stein sp., vol. ii. p. 817, x 150 (Wrzes-
niowski).

ACINETA STELLATA, S. K., vol. ii. p. 838.—32, Adult animalcule, x 1000; 33 and
34, encysted examples, the body contents in the first instance divided into
two equal halves ; 35, free-swimming Spherophrya-like embryo.

ACINETA LINGUIFERA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 831.—36 and 37, Adult zooids, front
and profile views, x 150; 38, empty lorica ; 39, ciliated embryo (Stein).

Fic.

40-43.

44.
45-47.

48-51.

57-
58, 59.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVI. (continued).

ACINETA MYSTACINA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 834.—40 and 41, Long and short pedicled
varieties, the former with, at @, a germinal bud x 150; 42, lorica with
contained animalcule seen from above ; 43, a germinal bud with contained
ciliated embryo further enlarged.

ACINETA NOTONECTA, C. & L,, vol. ii. p. 833, x 150 (Clap. & Lach.).

ACINETA PATULA, C. & L,, vol. 11. p. 835.—45 and 46, Animalcules with tentacles
extended and contracted, x 100; 47, example with elongate lorica giving
birth to a ciliated embryo (Clap. & Lach.).

HEMIOPHRYA GEMMIPARA, Hertwig sp., vol. ii. p. 823.—48, Distal extremity of
pedicle bearing animalcule with extended tentacles of two orders, suctorial
and prehensile, x 150; 49, prehensile rib tentacles more highly magnified,
showing spirally disposed granular external sheath ; 50, example with six
terminal buds, into each of which is produced a prolongation of the
branching endoplast, the tentacles not represented ; 51, an hypotrichously
ciliated embryo, x 400 (Hertwig).

SOLENOPHRYA CRASSA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 828, x 150 (Clap. & Lach.).

PODOPHRYA MOLLIS, S. K.,, vol. ii. p. 821.—53 and 54, Adult animalcules, x 150;
55 and 56, successive phases of transverse fission of the same zooid, first mani-
fested by the extension and fixture of two ordinary suctorial tentacles to a
more remote point, these two ultimately fusing together and joining the
pedicle of the newly produced animalcule.

ACINETA MYSTACINA, vol. ii. p. 834.—Ciliated embryo, x 300 (Stein).

PODOPHRYA STEINII, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 815.—58, Adult zooid, x 150(Stein) ; 59,
ciliated embryo, xX 300 (Stein).

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EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVII.

PODOCYATHUS DIADEMA, S. K., vol. ii. p. 827.—1, Adult zooid, with tentacles
fully extended, x 300; 2, zooid with tentacles retracted ; 3, zooid of abnor-
mally minute size as compared with that of the lorica, being probably the
relict of a recent fissive process ; 4 and 5, successive developmental forms.

SPHEROPHRYA SOL, Mecz., vol. il. p. 810.—6, Normal zooid, x 250; 7, elongate
shape assumed preparatory to division by transverse fission (Mecznikow.).

HEMIOPHRYA CRUSTACEORUM, Haller sp., vol. ii. p. 826.—Zooid with numerous
ovate gemmules and distal end of pedicle, x 300 (Haller).

HEMIOPHRYA GEMMIPARA, Htwg. sp., vol. ii. p. 823.—9 and to, Distal end of
pedicle, with zooid at 9 bearing as many as eight elongate ciliated gemmules,
and at Io with two subspheroidal tentaculiferous embryos, x 200; II-I4,
phases of development from a free-swimming hypotrichously ciliated embryo
towards the parent form (Robin).

HEMIOPHRYA BENEDENI, Fraip. sp., vol. ii. p. 824.—Zooid with extended
tentacles and distal region of pedicle, x 200 (Fraipont).

DENDROSOMA RADIANS, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 841.—16, Erect, slender zoocaulon of
young colony-stock, having but three tentaculiferous ramuscules, as delineated
by Mr. Thomas Bolton, x 150; 17, luxuriantly developed colony-stock as
supplied to the author by Mr. Bolton, the decumbent stolon, 57, giving origin
to numerous erect, variously branching zoocaula, some of these, as at a,
enclosing internally developed ciliated embryos, and others, as at 4 4, with
more minute externally developed reproductive capsules, x 50; 18, distal
region of zoocaula with exogenous germs, that at a having short capitate
tentacles, x 150; 19, portion of zoocaulon with enclosed ciliated embryo ¢,
and a portion of the cord-like endoplast, x 400 ; 20, free-swimming ciliated
embryo, x 600; 21, earliest adherent condition of embryo, the cilia being
absorbed and short capitate tentacles developed in their place; 22,
more advanced growth of the same embryo, a single short tentaculiferous
prolongation being developed at one extremity, x 600.

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PLATE XLVI

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12.

13-17.

18.

19.
20.

210,225

23.

PEALE ZLV TTT:

EXPLANATION.

URNULA EPISTYLIDIS, C. & L.,, vol. ii. p. 807,—1, Normal zooid with extended
tentacula, x 200; 2, zooid in aresting or encysted state, its body-substance
having subdivided into four germinal fragments ; 3, example with contained
ciliated embryo ; 4, isolated ciliated embryo, x 300 (Clap. & Lach.).

PODOPHRYA LIMBATA, Maupas, vol. ii. p. 816.—Typical zooid with peripheral
gelatinous film, x 200 (Maupas).

SPHAROPHRYA MAGNA, Maupas, vol. ii. p. 808.—6, Zooid having seized and in
the act of devouring by suction half a dozen examples of Colfoda parvifrons,
xX 300; 7, two tentacles, that at @ with a central hyaline vacuosity, and that
at 6 having the substance of its terminal sucker lacerated through the
temporary adhesion and subsequent escape of a ciliated infusorium, x 1280
(Maupas).

ACINETA DIVISA, Fraipont, vol. ii. p. 836.—8, Normal zooid with, at a, a single
anteriorly developed, pyriform germ-capsule, from which a ciliated embryo
is in the act of emerging, x 300; 9, germ-capsule with, at of, operculum-
like differentiation through which the embryo ultimately emerges; 10,
ciliated embryo, x 600; 11, abnormally elongated zooid with central band-
like endoplast ; 11a, empty lorica with, at s, platform-like horizontal septum
upon which the body of the animalcule ordinarily reposes (Fraipont).

ACINETA LIVADIANA, Meresch,, vol. ii. p. 828.—Adult zooid, x 250, as observed
by the author.

ACINETA FETIDA, Maupas, vol. ii. p. 832.—13, Normal adult animalcule, x 580 ;
14, lorica with tentacular fascicles as seen from above; 15 and 16, ciliated
embryos ; 17, young zooid with imperfectly developed lorica (Maupas).

ACINETA EMACIATA, Maupas, vol. ii. p. 837, x 300 (Maupas).

HEMIOPHRYA THOULETI, Maupas, vol. ii. p. 826, x 200 (Maupas),

PODOPHRYA CYLINDRICA, Perty, vol. ii. p. 814, x 250 (Mereschkowsky).

PODOPHRYA ELONGATA, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 820.—21, Normal zooid, with at aaa
tentacles partially retracted and exhibiting a spirally convolute aspect ;
x 150; 22, one such tentacle as observed by the author, x 800, showing
that the spiral aspect is due to the presence of a superficial spirally developed
granular crest or film.

PODOPHRYA CARCHESII, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 818, x 200.

FIG.

24.

25-28.

29.

30, 31.

32, 33-
34, 35.
36, 37.

38-40.

43-45.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVIII. (continued).

ACINETA GRANDIS, S. K,, vol. ii. p. 831.—Adult zooid, x 100; affixed near the
base of this species, see letter a, is delineated an ordinary example of Acineta
lemnarum found associated with it, under a similar magnification, for the
purpose of indicating the relative proportions of these two forms.

ACINETA TUBEROSA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 829.—25, Long-stalked variety, x 400;
26, example as seen in horizontal optical section showing the four points of
attachment of the body to the lorica and the bases of the tentacular fascicles ;
27, a similar body as seen in vertical section ; 28, horizontal optical section
immediately above the junction of the pedicle with the lorica (Fraipont).

ACINETA SAIFUL&, Meresch., vol. ii. p. 836.—Spirit-preserved example, x 200
(Mereschkowsky).

HEMIOPHRYA BENEDENI, Fraipont, vol. ii. p. 824.—30, Zooid, X 70; 31, portion
of pedicle, x 300, showing quadrangular contour and transversely striated
central core.

ACINETA CRENATA, Fraipont, vol. ii. p. 837.—Zooid with elongate lorica, x 600 ;
33, shorter lorica, with distal region only of the pedicle (Fraipont).

ACINETA JOLYI, Maupas, vol. il. p. 835.—34, Front and, 35, lateral view, x 200
(Maupas).

OPHRYODENDRON BELGICUM, Fraipont, vol. ii. p. 853.—36, Vermiform and, 37,
proboscidiform zooids, x 400 (Fraipont).

OPHRYODENDRON SERTULARIA, Str. Wright sp., vol. ii. p. 851.—38, Ordinary
proboscidiform zooid in lateral view, bearing at v a single vermiform germ,
Xx 200; 39, proboscidiform zooid from above, showing, after treatment by the
author with osmic acid, orbicular contour of body and enclosed branching
endoplast ; 40, detached vermiform zooid more highly magnified, showing
acetabular character of the basal region.

ACINETA VORTICELLOIDES, Fraipont, vol. il. p. 837.—Distal region showing
rudimentary development of the lorica, x 300 (Fraipont).

ACINETOPSIS RARA, Robin, vol. ii. p. 855.—43, zooid with extended tentacle,
x 200; 44and 45, tentacle in various states of contraction more highly mag-
nified and showing externally developed spiral fibrilla (Robin).

HEMIOPHRYA TRUNCATA, Fraip., vol. il. p. 825.—Adult zooid, x 250 (Fraipont).

PLATE XLVI.

(Uy 27

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13-15.

16-19.

20-25.

26-31.

Be:

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVITIIa.

EPHELOTA CORONATA, Str. Wright, vol. ii. p. 846.—1, 2, Animalcules with
tentacles extended, at # # captured monads, x 200 ; 3, tentacles retracted.

PODOPHRYA CONIPES, Meresch., vol. ii. p. 815, x 250 (Mereschkowsky).
EPHELOTA TROLD, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 847, x 175 (Claparéde & Lachmann).
ACTINOCYATHUS CIDARIS, S. K., vol. ii. p. 848, x 300.

ACINETA TUBEROSA, Ehr., vol. ii. p. 829.—Two zooids with tentacles in a fully
extended and partially retracted state, x 200.

DENDROCOMETES PARADOXUS, Stein, vol. ii. p. 839.—8, Adult animalcule, x 400,
one of the branched tentacles at a grasping a captured monad; 9, the same
tentacle, x 1200, and showing the tubular perforations of the distal ter-
minations ; 10, a young recently attached animalcule; 11, animalcule
enclosing a ciliated embryo; 12, a detached ciliated embryo (Wrzesniowski).

OPHRYODENDRON ABIETINUM, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 850.—13, Proboscidiform zooid
with proboscis retracted and with vermiform zooid attached to one side,
x 100; 14, proboscidiform zooid with proboscis extended; 15, ciliated
embryo, xX 200 (Clap. & Lach.).

OPHRYODENDRON PEDICELLATUM, Hincks, vol. ii. p. 852.—16 and 17, Proboscidi-
form zooids with proboscis extended and retracted ; 18 and 19, two vermiform
zooids, the one in the latter instance having a second example sessilely
attached to its body, dimensions unrecorded.

OPHRYODENDRON PORCELLANUM, S. K., vol. ii. p. 852.—20, Zooid with probos-
cidiform appendage extended and recurved, x 200; 21, the same appendage
more completely extended in a rectilinear direction ; 22, a zooid bearing
both a proboscidiform and vermiform appendages ; 23, an example having
only a vermiform appendage; 24, distal extremity of proboscis highly
magnified, x 800; 25, distal region of shaft of the proboscis, x 1200, show-
ing its transverse corrugation.

OPHRYODENDRON MULTICAPITATUM, S. K., vol. ii. p. 854.—26, Sessile zooid
bearing four proboscidiform organs, x 300; 27, sessile example with four
proboscidiform organs fy, and three ovate gemmules s ; 28, stalked example
with two proboscidiform organs, two gemmules, and one vermiform appen-
dage; 29~31, young pedicellate zooids ; 30 and 31, bearing each a single pro-
boscidiform organ only, this structure in the latter instance being retracted ;
29, representing a still younger zooid entirely destitute of appendages, and,
except for the presence of a pedicle, corresponding with the gemmular bodies
represented in figures 27 and 28.

OPHRYODENDRON ABIETINUM, C. & L., vol. ii. p. 850.—Vermiform larva with
basal chitinous rod, x 400 (after Robin).

Cero

W Sowille Kent del, WoRhem sc.

14

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIX.

Constituting a key to the numerous species of the genus Vorticella, each specific form
being represented in diagrammatic outline at its most typical condition of extension
and in accordance with the scheme suggested in vol. ii. p. 672. To facilitate
identification the specific name is appended to each type.

0

4. V. brevistylw.

8. V. crassicaulis 9.V. os 10. V. longiftlamy. 11. Ve telescopic.

aeoue

13. V. citrinw. 14. V. cratera. | 15, a 16. V. nutans. 17. V. aperta. 18. V._procumbens

Medea,

19. V. dilatota. | 20.V. fascienlata.| 2.V tee ons ain 43.V. spheerice. £4. V. margaritifer.

25.V. mamillata.| 26.V constricta.| 27 V. macrostoma

|
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I

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| =

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MV quadrangularis | 32.V Eee 1 Sai chlorostiyma, ie V convallarin.

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| 28.V putrinum.

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——

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37. V. microscopica.| 38.V appuncta. | 39. V. monilatu. 40.V. cyathina. -V. hians. . | 42.V. lunaris.
W.Sorille Kent del WEhem se

Minter Bro¥ up.

PLATE. 1.

Illustrating the more important modifications of the nucleus or endoplast and nucleolus or

14.

19, 20.

222%

endoplastule as developed among the Infusoria.

EXPLANATION.

Simple spheroidal nucleus or endoplast, with enclosed nucleolus or endoplastule, of
a collared monad, Codoszga, the same type being distinctive of the majority
of the Flagellata.

A single germinal fragment or spore, with contained endoplast and endoplastule,
of Dictyocysta cassis, x 1000 (Haeckel).

Modifications of the endoplast of Euglena viridis.—3, representing the normal
form ; 4 and 5, progressive phases resulting in the subdivision of its entire
mass into sporular elements x 600 (Stein).

Fusiform endoplast, with centrally enclosed endoplastule, of Chzlodon cucullullus,
x 480 (Wrzesniowski).

Various modifications of the endoplast of Leptodiscus medusoides (Hertwig).

Ovate endoplast having a reticulate granular consistence, with laterally attached
endoplastule, of Acineta fetida, x 1280 (Maupas).

Subspheroidal endoplast, with numerous enclosed endoplastules, of Acineta Folyz,
x goo (Maupas).

Spheroidal granular endoplast of Rhizopod Pelomyxa villosa, x 1000 (Leidy).

Twin endoplasts, with connecting cord or funiculus, of Zztonotus fasciola, x 480
(Wrezsniowski).

Endoplastic system of Loxodes rostrum, consisting of numerous spheroidal endo-
plasts with both enclosed and externally developed endoplastules connected
together by a thread-like funiculus. In some instances, a a, the external
endoplastules are attached to the funiculus, x 600, and treated with acetic
acid and iodine (Wrzesniowski).

Twin endoplasts with connecting funiculus of Lz¢tonotus diaphanus after treatment
with acetic acid and iodine, x 600 (Wrzesniowski).

Endoplast of Chzlodon cuculludlus with both an internally developed and laterally
attached endoplastule, x 400 (Wrzesniowski).

Twin endoplasts, with laterally attached endoplastules, of Stéchotricha aculeata,
x 600, + acetic acid (Wrzesniowsk1).

Endoplastule of Plewronema chrysalis after treatment with acetic acid (Biitschli),

Modifications of the endoplast of Myctotherus cordiformis.—19, normal form,
with laterally attached endoplastule; 20, endoplast become greatly enlarged
and metamorphosed into an elaborately convoluted coil (Stein).

Band-like endoplast with a, investing membrane and 4, 4, contained endoplas-
tules of Vorticella microstoma, x 450 (Stein).

Band-like endoplasts of Carchestum polypinum, subsequent to conjugation ; at
22, earlier phase with numerous enclosed endoplastules; at 23, more
advanced stage in which the internal substance has become separated into
as many as ten germinal masses which are held together only by the delicate
bounding membrane of the originally continuous and homogeneous endo-
plast, x 1000 (Greef).

33:

34-

35537
38.

39:

40.
41, 42.

43.

44.

45, 46.

47.

48.
49.
50.

se
52;

53, 54-

EXPLANATION OF PLATE L. (continued).

Conjoint endoplasts of Amphileptus anas after treatment with acetic acid, their
substance being thus shown to be divided up into numerous polygonal frag-
ments, each with a minute central refringent corpuscle, x 600 (Biitschli).

Endoplastules or nucleoli of Paramecium putrinum ; 25 and 26, normal forms,
x 2000 + acetic acid ; 27 and 28, successive phases during the process of
subdivision or fission (Biitschli).

Endoplastules of Carchesium polypinum,; 29, living condition ; and 30, after
treatment with acetic acid, x 1500; 31, example elongated preparatory to
subdivision (Biitschli).

Endoplast of Paramecium bursaria, during process of subdivision, the normal,
single, laterally attached endoplastule having already separated into two, x
800 (Biitschli).

Twin endoplasts of Stylonychia mytilus ; aspect exhibited at the commencement
of the fissive process, the endoplastules in the vicinity of each endoplast also
commencing to subdivide, x 600 (Biitschli).

Twin endoplasts of Sty/onchia mytilus in a more advanced stage of subdivision,
the endoplasts having already separated into four, both these and the endo-
plasts presenting a striated aspect, x 500 (Butschli).

Variously branched endoplast of Ophrydendron belgicum ; 35 and 36 derived
from proboscidiform, and 37 from avermiform zooid, x 800 (Fraipont).
Ramifying endoplast from an erect main trunk of Dendrosoma radians, as

observed by the author, x 800.

Endoplastic system of Loxophyllum meleagris, consisting of numerous irregu-
larly ovate nodular endoplasts, united to each other by a delicate thread-
like funiculus, x 600, + acetic acid, iodine, and picrocarmine (Biitschli).

Irregular nodular endoplast of Hemzophrya Thouleti, X 500 (Fraipont).

Moniliform endoplast of Stentor polymorphus ; 41, the entire structure, X 200;
42, a fragment more highly magnified showing internal refringent corpuscles
and connecting funiculus (Stein).

Anterior region of undulating band-like endoplast of Stentor Reseliz, from the
extremity of which one germ-sphere or embryo, with a central endoplastule
(the future endoplast) and incipient contractile vesicle, has become already
constricted off, a second similar germ-sphere being in an advanced state of
development, x 500 (Claparéde and Lachmann).

Twin endoplasts of Stylonychia mytilus, normal aspect, showing a distinct
investing membrane, connecting funiculus, and laterally attached endoplas-
tules, x 600 (Biitschli).

Single endoplastic elements, with attached endoplastules, of Stylomychia mytilus.
—45, Showing distinct differentiation of the anterior and posterior moieties ;
46, exhibiting at one extremity the delicate investing membrane, x 400
(Stein).

More abnormal elongated endoplast of Stylonychia mytilus showing distinct
bounding membrane and three striated laterally located endoplastules, x 400
(Stein).

Single endoplast, with striated laterally attached endoplastule, of Kerona foly-
porum, X 300 (Stein).

Single endoplast of Oxy¢richa sp., whose substance has divided up into numerous
polygonal germs, x 600 (Biitschli).

Single endoplast, with contained germ-spheres, of Urostyla grandis, x 600
(Biitschli).

Compound racemose endoplast of Plagiotoma lumbricit, x 400 (Stein).

Branching endoplast of young zooid of Dendrosoma radians as observed by the
author, x 800, + osmic acid and picrocarmine.

Branching, convoluted endoplast of Acineta mystacina, x 600 (Fraipont).

W. Sowille Kent del. WEhein ac.

Mintern Bro? amp.

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PEA RE AL.

EXPLANATION.

Fic.

1-5. Illustrating the apparatus employed by Messrs. Dallinger and Drysdale during
their prolonged investigation of the life-histories of various monads referred
to at vol. i. p. 116, originally figured and described in the ‘ Monthly Micro-
scopical Journal for March 1874.—1, a a, glass plate adapted to fit the stage
of the microscope ; 4, circular aperture cut in the plate, a thin piece of glass
c, d, e, f being cemented over it to permit the near approach of the achro-
matic condenser ; ggg, brass socket with ring attached which is fixed with
marine glue to the projecting arm of the glass plate a, and supports a cylin-
drical reservoir of water, Fig. 4; 4h, outline of position of bibulous paper
having central aperture and tongue-like projection which dips down into the
reservoir fitted to the socket ¢; 2, bibulous paper cut to fit the glass stage,
the portion 4 c leading into the reservoir g of Fig. 1; 3, moist chamber con-
sisting of a short piece of glass tubing a, having the bottom edge ¢ carefully
ground, the top having over it a thin elastic film with a minute central per-
foration c, and securely fastened to the sides at the groove d; 4, cylindrical
glass reservoir fitting into the socket g of Fig. 1, and into which the project-
ing arm of the bibulous paper dips ; 5, the entire apparatus in working order,
the object glass g being racked down through the central perforation of the
elastic film / of the moist chamber ch ; aa section of glass stage ; 4, aperture
in the same; ¢, the glass cemented over the aperture ; @, covering glass over
object examined ; ¢, walls of moist chamber.

6. Chamber invented by Professor Tyndall, referred to at vol. i. p. 130, originally
figured and described in the ‘Transactions of the Royal Society,’ 1877,
for the perfect isolation and cultivation of organic infusions and equally
suited for a similar culture of Infusoria. c¢, central box or chamber, the
front being removed showing the windows w, w, for the admission of light ;
z, six test-tubes fitting with an air-tight packing into the floor of the chamber ;
a, 6, sinuous glass tubing permitting the access of air but not of germs to
the chamber ; /, pipette with stuffed funnel, fitting into a pin-hole perfora-
tion in a piece of indiarubber and _ stuffing-box containing cotton-wool
moistened with glycerine, and thus permitting its insertion and withdrawal
without the introduction of adventitious germs.

Fic.
Feo

Q, 10.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE LI. (continued).

Illustrating the arrangement of the microscope and lamp employed by the author

for obtaining the most satisfactory illumination and definition of minute
flagellate organisms, when working with object-glasses of 1-16th to 1-soth
inch nominal focal distance, for which he is chiefly indebted to a most kind
and painstaking demonstration by Mr. E. M. Nelson, F.R.M.S. The mirror
m being turned to one side, the microscope and lamp are so disposed that
the central ray of light ax from the zarrow edge of the lamp flame passes
through the optical axis of the achromatic condenser ac, and is then focussed
upon the field of view, by means of the substage rackwork, in such a manner
that employing a I-inch object-glass, a sharply defined image of the lamp-
flame, edge on, is projected upon the centre of the field in company with the
objects under examination as shown at Fig. 8. If the 1-inch object-glass is
now detached, and a 1-16th, 1-25th or 1-5oth substituted, and focussed into
place, a slight readjustment of the centering of the achromatic condenser
being perhaps required, it will be found that the entire field is brilliantly
illuminated, and the most minute objects defined with an amount of sharp-
ness rarely obtained under other conditions. In addition to the ordinary
graduating diaphragm placed immediately beneath the lenses of the achro-
matic condenser as at @! in Fig. 7, the author has derived considerable
advantage from the interposition of a second diaphragm at @*, or the lowest
point in the substage arrangement.

Trichocysts of Bursaria (Panophrys) leucas (see vol. i. p. 82), as interpreted by

Professor G. J. Allman ; Fig. 9, trichocysts, ¢, 2 sz¢w, disposed in an even
vertical layer immediately beneath the cuticle and locomotive cilia ¢, x 1000,
Fig. 10, the same trichocysts projected irregularly from the entire peri-
phery as hairlike filaments or setze with recurved distal ends, on the appli-
cation of acetic acid or forcible compression (after Allman, ‘ Quarterly
Journal of Microscopical Science,’ vol. iil., 1855).

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