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Colonial Museum & Geological Survey Department.
JAMES HECTOR, M.D., C.M.G., F.R.S.,
DIRECTOR.
MANUAL Divisio
NOEL
t Mollusiee
tonal Libr
Li Jif rts
OF THE
NEW ZEALAND MOLLUSCA.
A SYSTEMATIC AND DESCRIPTIVE
CATALOGUE
OF THE
MARINE AND LAND SHELLS, AND OF THE SOFT
MOLLUSKS AND POLYZOA OF NEW ZEALAND
AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS.
BY
FREDERICK WOLLASTON HUTTON, F.G.S., O©.M.Z.S.,
Professor of Biology, Canterbury College, New Zealand University.
(Late Curator of the Otago Museum. )
Published by Command.
WELLINGTON :
PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF JAMES HUGHES, LAMBTON QUAY.
TORO
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POSITANO ed AS ae
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‘ - - - - 168
A. Ledide.—Hinge teeth interrupted in the middle ; siphonal
tubes united - - - - - - 165
Order—Hereromya.—-Aductor muscles two, unequal.
Family—Mytilide.— Hinder part of the mantle produced into a siphon ;
umbones anterior ; shell covered with an epidermis - 166
be Aviculide.—No siphon ; shell fohated - - - 169
Order—Monomya-—One adducter only.
Family— Pectinide.—Foot byssiferous, not expanded; shell eared ;
closed - - = - - - - 170
Radulide.—Foot not byssiferous ; shell eared, gaping at the
sides = - - - a ie Pa 172
7
SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES.
Family—Spondylide,—Foot ending ina disc, from which proceeds a
tendon terminating in a fleshy mass ; shell ieee
hinge with two strong teeth -
7 Anomiide. —Foot byssiferous, expanded at the end ; one ealwe
of the shell deeply indented or perforated — - - -
a Ostrevde.—Foot obsolete ; shell irregular, hinge toothless — -
Class—Brachiopoda.
Shell of two valves, placed dorsally and ventrally.
Order—ArticuLata.—Valves articulating by teeth.
Family—Terebratulide.—Shell minutely punctate - : -
a Rhynchonellide.—Shell fibrous in structure - - -
Class—Polyzoa.
Animal composite ; mouth surrounded by tentacles.
Order—PHYLACTOLZMATA.—Mouth with an epistome.
Family— Plumatellide.—Zoarium rooted. Fresh water - -
Order—GYMNOLZMATA.—No epistome. Marine.
Sub-order—CHILOSTOMATA.
(a). Cells more or less ovoid ; mouth less than the diameter of the cell,
furnished with a moveable lip.
1. Polyzoarium of distinct pieces connected by flexible joints.
Family—Catenicellide, —Cells in a single series - - - -
a Cellulartide.—Cells in a double series - -
5 Salicornariide.—Cells disposed round an imaginary axis -
2. Polyzoarium continuous throughout.
* Plexible, never adnate.
Family—Scrupariade. -—Cells in a single series - -
és Caberide.—Branched ; cells in the same plane ; furnished with
bristles - = A : é
a Bicellariide.— Branched ; cells in the same sibs ; no Peraticg
2 Flustride .—Foliaceous, entire or lobed - - -
on Farciminariide.—Branched ; cells disposed round an imagi-
nary axis” - - - - - - :
3 Gemellaride.—Branched ; cells in pairs - - -
** Rigid, adnate or erect.
Family— Vincularide.—Erect ; cells disposed round an imaginary axis
55 Membraniporide.—Crustaceous, spreading — - - =
Celleporide.—Massive ; cells sub-erect and confusedly heaped
Escharide.—Erect ; fixed ; foliaceous - 2 2
Sub-order—CvcLosToMaTa.
(>). Cells tubular ; mouth of the same diameter as the cell, without any
’ moveable lip.
Family—Crisiide.— Branched, more or less flexible - = <
Idmoneide.—Evect, branched - - = P 5
Tubuliporide.-—Adnate, divided into lobes — - - =
Discoporellide.—Discoid ; sessile, or pedunculate -
9
176
178
179
180
182
184
184
185
185
187
188
188
189
190
193
194
195
196
198
199
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erat i 2 Ad aby” HL UEP DS ick, HEM g * 9 waa ye
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f reg ‘. aireihp ad Shae fl A ee : 5 ; —
ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE MARINE SHELLS.
Gasteropoda
1. Shell regularly spiral.
(a.) Shell fusiform, tapering to cach end. Page
Anterior canal straight ; aperture entire behind- - Muricip® 46
Large, canal short, with few varices = - - - TRIToNIDH 63
Shell notched infront — - - - - - BuccInip® 52
Columella curved to the right = - - - - APORRHAIDZ 67
Columella, plaited - - - - - FAscrioLartipa 59
Shell thin, keeled - - - - - TRICHOTROPIDA 68
(b.) Shell convolute, the aperture nearly as long as the shell.
* Spire moderate.
Spire covered with enamel - - - ANCILLID 58
Aperture wide, columella plaited - - - VoLUTIDe 61
Aperture narrow, columella plaited - - Mirripa 60
Columella plaited, outer lip thickened in the maddie - MARGINELLID 62
Columella plaited, aperture rounded in front - - AcT#ontp# 119
Columella plaited, spire short - - - - AURICULIDA 32
** Spire very short.
Aperture with a recurved canal - - - - CASSIDIDA 65
Aperture large, without canal - - - - Doub 65
Shell inversely conical - - - - - CoNIDz 4]
sul thin, swollen E : : 2
* Spire none.
APLUSTRIDA 120
Oval; aperture narrow - : - - - CYPRAIDA 66
Small, cylindrical ~~ - - - - - CYLICHNIDZ 120
Small, last whorl expanded - - - - PHILINIDA 122
Moderate or large ; inflated - - - - BULLID# 121
(c.) Shell turreted or elongate.
Outer hp indented near the suture, canal long and
straight - - : - - - PLEUROTOMIDA 42
Whorls ribbed, sutures deep - - - - SCALARIDE 69
Aperture channelled in front = - = 3
CERITHIID® 73
Aperture with an oblique notch in front- - - TEREBRID 41
Spirally striated, aperture rounded - - - TURRITELLIDA 83
Small, aperture entire, columella plaited - - PYAMIDELLIDA 72
Small, aperture entire, columella smooth - - Rissorma 80
(d.) Shell globular, or turbinated.
Polished, aperture semicircular - - - - Naricrpa 70
Aperture semicircular, columella flat — - - - NERITIDZ 89
Shell thin, blue - - - - - JANTHINIDE 70
Aperture rounded, not pearly inside - - LIrroRINIDZ 7
Aperture rounded, pearly inside - - - TROCHIDA 90
Whorls flattened, not pearly — - - - AMPHIBOLIDZ 35
(e.) Shell conical, with a flat base.
Shell not pearly inside - - - =
Shell pearly inside - - : -
(f.) Shell boat shaped.
Interior with a shelly process - - - - CALYPTRIDH 86
SOLARIIDE 70
TROCHIDE 90
XV1. ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE
Shell depressed, or ear-shaped.
Shell entire
Shell perforated
2. Shell irregulary spiral, or irregular.
(g-)
aah holes - . -
Aperture rounded, entire - - -
Tube with a longitudinal slit - - -
3. Shell flat, or simply conical, not spiral.
Conical, curved - - - - -
Anterior margin notched, or the apex perforated
Conical or depressed - - - -
Conical or depressed - - -
Conical or depressed, muscular impression divided b
a groove- - - - -
My
Conical or depressed, muscular impression divided by
a groove - - : -
Shell small, translucent, trigonal - -
4. Shell multivalve.
Shell composed of eight transverse valves -
Lamellibranchiata.
1. Two adductor impressions, nearly equal.
(a.) Pallial line sinuated.
* Ligament none.
Hinge with accessory plates - - -
** Ligament external.
Equivalve, thick, gaping - - -
Compressed, thin, ligament anterior - -
Three diverging cardinal teeth in each valve
«** Ligament internal.
Small, thick, produced behind - -
Thin, cartilage with a free ossicle — - -
Ligament in a triangular pit, two candinal teeth
Ligament in a triangular pit ; one cardinal tooth
(b.) Pallial line simple.
* Ligament external.
Radiately ribbed - 2 3 2
Thin, no epidermis — - - : é
Covered with a long epidermis - -
* Ligament internal.
Thin ; one or two cardinals and laterals
Thick ; two anterior laterals in each valve -
Hinge with many teeth in a line ; not pearly inside - ArcIDm
Hinge with many teeth in a line ; pearly inside
2. Two adductor impressions, very unequal ;
Shell closed - - - = Z
Shell gaping - - - = =
3. One adductor impression.
Shell eared - - - - -
Shell eared, gaping — - - - -
Shell irregular, lower valve with a hole or notch
Shell irregular, no hole nor notch - -
MARINE SHELLS. °
Page
LAMELLARIIDEH 59
HALIOTID 104
VERMETID® 84
SILIQUARIIDH 805
CAPULIDE 87
FISSURELLID& 105
ACMBADE 88
PATELLID 107
SIPHONARTIDH 35
GADINIIDE 36
APLYSIID 123
CHITONIDE 110
PHOLODIDE 132
GLYCINERIDH 134
"TELLINIDE 141
VENERIDE 146
CoRBULIDE 135
ANATINID 135
umbones anterior.
MACTRIE © 138
PAPHIID® 145
CARDIII 2 15:
LUCINID® 155
SOLEMYID 157
LASELD 156
ASTARTIDB 158
162
NvucuLipa& 163
My tnir 2a 166
AVICULIP 28 169
PECTINID 28 170
VADULID 2 Wiz
ANOMIIT
OSTREIL 2
NTR ORC ron:
THE present catalogue will be found a great improvement on the last,
both in completeness and in accuracy of nomenclature. This is owing
partly to the publication of Dr. v. Marten’s “ critical list,” and of the
Mollusca of the Voyage of the Erebus and Terror ; and partly to the
improvements that have taken place in the Libraries and Museums
in New Zealand during the last six years. It must still, however, be
regarded as only a precursor of a monograph.
More than sixty species are now catalogued for the first time, and
probably but few omissions will be found. Many of the species
however here recorded will, no doubt, prove to be identical, while many
others will be shewn to have been put down to New Zealand by
mistake. Not much dependence can be placed on the localities in Mr.
Cuming’s collection, and some of those of Mr. Strange appear to me
very doubtful. I have, however, thought it better, as books of reference
are scarce, to give the original description in nearly every case, so that
others, as well as myself, may form an opinion as to what should be
regarded as synonymous, and what species should be struck out of the
list.
No doubt the catalogue will want a great deal of revising in the
generic names attached to the species. Hardly any of the animals have
been examined, while it is often impossible to feel sure of the systematic
position of a shell without a knowledge of the animal. Most of these
observations can only be made upon the living animal, and as the
Molluscan fauna of New Zealand differs very much in different localities,
the correct systematic position of a large proportion of our shells can
only be attained by the united efforts of many observers. To assist in
this part of the work I have given, in the description of families and the
genera, an account of the external characters of the animals belonging
to them. These descriptions are taken almost entirely from Adam’s
“Genera of Mollusca,” 1858; but the families have been grouped
together on a more modern system.
A
il. INTRODUCTION.
A very large number of the species have been figured by Reeve and
Sowerby, in the Conchologia Iconica, and others in the Voyages of the
Astrolabe, the Erebus and Terror, the Voyage au Pole Sud, and the
American Exploring Expedition, under Captain Wilks. In addition to
these I have given references to figures in Adams’ “Genera of the
Mollusca,” Woodward’s “ Manual of the Mollusca,” and in Dr. Chenu’s
“Manuel de Conchyliologie,” as these works are easily procurable.
Several interesting remarks on the habits of some of the species, by Mr.
Bidwill, Dr. Stanger, and Dr. Dieffenbach, will be found in the appendix
to Dr. Dieffenbach’s “ Travels in New Zealand.”
A list of shells found at Great Omaha, in the Auckland District, has
been given by Mr. Kirk in the Transactions New Zealand Institute,
1872, p. 367 ; another of those found at Auckland by Mr. Cheeseman,
in the same publication for 1875, p. 309, ina paper containing many
valuable notes on the habits of the species; and the shells of Otago
have been catalogued by myself in my report on the Geology of Otago ;
Appendix, C (Dunedin 1875.) Many additions to the Molluscan fauna
of Otago will, however, be found in this catalogue. Unfortunately
I have not seen Dr. H. Filhol’s paper on the Mollusca of Stewart
Island, nor M. Jouan’s essay on the fauna of New Zealand, published
jn the Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg, t.
xiv. (1869.) Much still remains to be done towards working out the
geographical distribution of the species; and lists would be particularly
valuable from Napier, Taranaki, Wellington, Nelson, Hokitika, and
Banks Peninsula. For much information respecting the distribution of
our shells in Australia and Tasmania, I am indebted to Mr. T. W.
Bednall, of Adelaide.
The better the fauna of New Zealand becomes known, the’ more
prominently does it stand out distinct from that of any other country ;
and this is particularly the case with the shells. Formerly a list of New
Zealand shells shewed a large proportion of tropical forms found in
Australia and Polynesia, but the loc-hties of most of these are now
known to be inaccurate. Out of be. ‘ 350 and 4oo species, which
the New Zealand fauna really contains, - is only evidence of about
64 being found anywhere else, and in ve. of these cases have New
Zealand specimens been compared with for nes, the identifications
having generally been made by descriptiot. figures only. The
following is a list of the 64 species to which I 1
Argonanta tuberculata
Spirula peronii
Siphonaria sipho
Trophon paivee
Neptuneea dilatata
Euthria antarctica
Polytropa textiliosa
x succincta
es striata
Tritonium australis
9 spengleri
. olearium
Ranella leucostoma
» vexillum
Dolium variegatum
Cassis pyrum
ey evachatinea
Trivia australis
Janthina communis
- exigua
Littorina ceerulescens
Nerita atrata
Bankivia varians
Halotis rugoso-plicata
Tugalia parmophoroides
Patella magellanica
Chiton sulcatus
» glaucus
Lepidopleurus longicymbus .
Tonicia undulata
» lineolata
5 atrata
The following eight genera are peculiar
may perhaps be added, Waltonia,
Laoma
Janella
Konophora
Latia
INTRODUCTION.
Bullina lineata
Bulla oblonga
Saxicava australis
Corbula zealandica
wy erythrodon
Anatina tasmanica
Myodora ovata
Chamostreea albida
Zenatia acinaces
Tellina deltoidalis
iL LiCaOmical
Chione strutchbury1
Callista multistriata
Lucina divaricata
Diplodonta globularis
Kellia cycladiformis
Mytilicardia excavata
Barbatia pusilla
Pectunculus flammeus
Nucula strangel
Mytilus magellanicus
es latus
- edulis
Crenella impacta
Modiola australis
Pinna zealandica
Pecten australis
Vola laticostatus
Lima angulata
,» japonica
Placuanomia ione
Ostrea edulis.
lil.
to New Zealand, and to them
Potamopyrgus
Anthora
Cryptoconchus
Vanganella.
lV. INTRODUCTION.
It is very different with the Polyzoa, for out of the 100 species here
catalogued, 69 are already known to occur elsewhere ; but even in the
Polyzoa we have three genera which, so far as yet known, are peculiar
to New Zealand. ‘They are Onchopora, Muscaria, and Cintipora.
Maort NAMES.
I have been able to collect only the few following Maori names for
our shells :-—
Haxari, Artemis subrosea and Tapes intermedia
HoHE-HOHE, Tellina alba
Huat, Chione stutchbury1
KAIKAI-KORORO, Chione costata
Koxota, Mesodesma nova-zealandiz
PakirA, Myodora striata
Pawa, Haliotis iris
Prp1, Mesodesma novee-zealandi, and Chione stutchbury1
PuKAurRI, Chione yatei
PuREWHA, Modiola areolata
PuriMu, Cardita australis
Tua-Tua, Mesodesma spissa
WaHA-WAHA, Psammobia stangeri.
MOLLUSCA OF NEW ZEALAND.
Class—Cephalopoda.
Heap large, separate from the body. Eyes large, lateral. Ears
developed. Mouth with two horny or shelly jaws with fleshy lips,
and surrounded by eight or ten fleshy arms, or numerous tentacles ;
furnished with an entire or slit tube, or siphuncle, used in locomotion.
ORDER-—OCTOPODA.
Body short, rounded; head large; eyes fixed; arms eight, all
sessile ; no internal dorsal shell.
FAMILY—OCTOPID:.
Body naked ; arms tapering, with short sessile cups.
Genus, OCTOPUS*—Cuvier.
Arms with two rows of cups ; body round, without fins.
O. maorum, s/. zov. Body oval, rounded behind, smooth below,
roughened but not tuberculated on the back. Head slightly granular.
Arms long, tapering, dorsal pair the longest, ventral pair the shortest ;
web broad, smooth. Cups in two rows, close, elevated; those of the
eighth or ninth rows the largest, gradually diminishing both ways ; those
on the dorsal arms largest, twice the diameter of those on the ventral
arms. Dark gray, paler below.
Dunedin.
This species attains a large size.
Genus, PINNOCTOPUS—D’Orbigny.
Body oblong, with broad, lateral, wing-like expansions, which extend
in front and enfold all the body; arms very long, with two rows of
slightly prominent cups.
New Zealand only.
* Dr. Gray, in the catalogue of the Cephalopoda in the British Museum, gives
New Zealand as the locality of O. lunulatus Quoy et Gaim. This is an error, it
should be New Ireland.
2 ARGONAUTID&.
P. cordiformis, Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe, ii., p. 27, t. 6, f- 2; Adams,
Gen. Moll., pl. 1., f. 3; Chenu, f. 35. Body orbicular, tubercular, winged.
Arms nearly equal in length, the lateral ones shortest. Reddish brown ;
arms with pale blue lunules.
FAMILY—ARGONAUTID:.
Body of female covered with a thin shell; arms tapering, very
unequal ; cups prominent, in two series. The two dorsal arms webbed
at the extremity.
Genus, ARGONAUTA—Linneus.
Shell one-celled, thin, transparent.
A. tuberculata, Shaw. Mee wok 3...) OS:
vol. 5, p. 114, Wo. 459; Reeve, f. 787. Shell very narrowly um-
bilicated, depressed, thin, very closely ribbed, silky, horny-cinereous ;
spire little elevated, convex ; whorls 51%, slightly convex, the last not
descending, more convex at the base ; aperture a little oblique, broadly
lunar; peristome simple, straight, columellar margin arcuated, slightly
reflexed above.
Diam:,ereatest, 726. least, 24) sheight.-13. (fr)
New Zealand (Strange.)
Queenstown, Dunedin, Oamaru, Lake Guyon (F.W.H.)
P. decidua, Pfeffer; P.Z.S. 1857, p 108; WAV, vol. 4,
p. 71; vol. 5, p. 137, Wo. 606. Sheil umbilicated, depressly-turbinated,
thin, sculptured with membranaceous, deciduous, fine ribs, horny-
yellowish, obscurely and angularly streaked with reddish ; spire some-
what regularly conoidal ; whorls 5, rather convex, slowly increasing, the
last not descending, sub angulated at the periphery ; umbilicus narrow,
pervious ; aperture oblique, lunately-rotund ; peristome simple, straight,
margins converging, columellar margin slightly expanded.
Diam., greatest, ‘14; least, 13; height, -o8. (Pfr.)
New Zealand.
P. celinde, Gray; P.Z.S., 1849, p. 164. Helix Celinde, Pfr.,
MTT AV 5 VOL. 3, Po G25 3 0k 5aap 202) VOMIT 22) eenen a OOU ms uell
sub-perforated, rather depressed, membranaceously-plaited, pale brown ;
spire canoidal, rather acute; whorls 5, firmly pressed together, the last
sub-carinated, not descending, rather convex at the base, impressed in
OLEACINID#. 7
the middle ; aperture oblique, sub-triangularly lunar; peristome sub-
labiated, margins remote, joined to a small callus, somewhat straight,
basil margin somewhat straitened.
Diam., greatest, ‘16; least, ‘15; height, ‘og. (Pfr.)
Auckland (Greenwood.)
PoziG=2ae, Gould; (U.S: Ba. Eps xe. p41, f ans Prefer,
M.FL.V.,1., p. 116 and v., p. 173; Cox, Aust. Land Shells, ~. 18. Shell
small, rounded, depressed, pale straw-colour, painted with small oblique
hightning-hke brown lines, and furrowed with acute, closely set reflected
hairy plates ; beneath convex, perforated with a large step-like umbilicus.
Whorls 6, convex, narrow; aperture sub-circular, sub-angulated at the
base ; lip simple, reflected near the umbilicus.
Diam., 3; height, °18. (Pfr.)
Gould first gave New South Wales, and subsequently New Zealand,
as the habitat of this species. It does not appear to have been
again recognised in either country, but probably New Zealand is the
correct habitat, and it must have been collected at the Bay of Islands.
Pr. Kappa. Weyer. 22.5.5 1o5t8 AV... Dol, 68) PEGA
vol. 5, p. 246; No. 1506, Helix collyrula, Reeve, lc., f. 811. Shell
umbilicated, depressed, ribbed, ribs bearing hair-like filaments, not
shining, horny, obscurely variegated with rufous ; spire extremely short,
rather convex ; suture impressed ; whorls 5, rather convex, gradually
increasing, the last not descending, rounded; umbilicus narrow,
previous ; aperture vertical, depressed, lunar ; peristome somewhat sim-
ple, margins remote, the nght margin straight, basal margin shortly
reflexed, columellar margin obliquely ascending.
Diam., greatest, *21 ;, least, ‘2; height, ‘12. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Strange. )
Distinguished by its hairs.
B. Umbilicus wide.
a. Upper surface convex.
P. varicosa, Lyeajer; P.Z.S 1854; MLV, vol. 3, p. 075
vol. 5, p. 153; Wo. 762; Reeve, f 824. Shell umbilicated, depressed,
very thin, finely striated, varicosely-angled with distant ribs, not shining,
fuscous ; spire slightly elevated, obtuse ; whorls 414-5, flattish, the last
not descending, depressed, flattish at the base; umbilicus moderate,
pervious ; aperture small, oblique, lunar; peristome, simple, straight,
columellar margin above very slightly reflexed.
Diam., greatest, ‘14 ; least, ‘13 ; height, scarcely ‘08. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Strange.)
P, tiara, Mighels; Boston, Proc., 1845, p. 19; Pfr, MEV,
DOL to Pos Udli2. Pp. Oo> Vol. 5, p. 156; LVon FO2. Rerever7. Guy,
Shell umbilicatéd, slightly convexly depressed, somewhat thin, above
arcuately-striated, luteous, adorned with lightning-hke rufous streaks,
rather shining ; spire clearly arched over, obtuse ; whorls 6, rather
convex, slowly increasing, the last somewhat tapering, not descending,
slightly striated beneath ; umbilicus large, conical, exceeding one-third
of the diameter; aperture oblique, lunately-rounded, sub-opalescent
8 OLEACINID.
within ; peristome simple, straight, margins approximating, right-margin
arcuated in front, columellar margin not reflexed.
Diam., greatest, ‘32; least, ‘28; height, -16. (Pfr.)
Bay of Islands, New Zealand (Hochstetter.) Kaui, Sandwich
Islands (Mighels.)
P. coma, Gray; Dieff. Trav., vol. 1, p. 263; Helix coma, Pfr.,
MITTS VOL 2. Pin O95 VOL. 5s p> 156, Vo. 7o2. Recve, f. 7960:;" Voy.
Erebus and Terror; Moll, pl. 1, f. 3. Shell umbilicated, depressed,
rather thin, obliquely closely ribbed, slightly shining, pale fuscous, sub-
radiated with brown spots ; spire a little elevated, flatly convex ; whorls,
5, rather convex, slowly increasing, the last obscurely angled, not
descending anteriorily ; umbilicus broad, conical; aperture diagonal,
lunately-rotund ; peristome simple, straight, margins slightly convergent,
upper part somewhat bent backwards.
Diam:, greatest, -28 ; least, 24 ssheight, “12. (Pfir,)
Auckland (Greenwood and Sinclair; ) Wellington and Lake Guyon
(F.W.H.)
Perhaps HY. diemenensis, Cox (A.LS., p. 20) is the same. Patula
consimtlis (Pease) from the Society Island is also closely allied.
P. tau, Pfeifer; Malak. Bl, viii., 1861, 148; M.A.V., vol. 5, p.
159, Vo. 809. Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed, rather thin, above
marked with somewhat apart rib-like plaits, rufous, tessellated with
whitish ; spire slightly elevated, crown minute ; whorls 5, rather convex,
slowly increasing, the last tapering, not descending, slightly striated
beneath; aperture small, slightly oblique, lunar; peristome simple,
straight, margins hardly converging, columellar margin not dilated.
Diam., greatest, ‘12; least, 1; height, ‘oq. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Hochstetter.)
Pi gamme,. Laer ;PZS., 1851; MH. Val. 3, p. 100; vor.
5, Ps bos 2Ve. OOS) Are abuccnelia, wrecve, LG, 7. S21. shell
umbilicated, depressed, thinnish, very closely striated with rib-like
strie, diaphanous, pale horny, rufously clouded; spire very slightly
convex ; suture impressed ; whorls 5, rather convex, slowly increasing,
the last not descending, convex beneath ; umbilicus broadish, conical ;
aperture sub-vertical, rotundly-lunar ; peristome simple; straight, margins
converging, regularly arcuated.
Diam. ;"12); height; os. (Pir)
New Zealand (Strange. )
Queenstown, Dunedin, Preservation Inlet (F.W.H.)
P.. egesta, Gray; P.Z.S:, 1840, 2.91665: Pj, ILA V.. aol. 3;
p. 102; vol. 5, p. 164, Wo. 842; Reeve, lc. f. 798. Shell broadly
umbilicated, depressly semi-globose, rather solid, regularly spirally-
furrowed, and strengthened with strong longitudinal plaits, distantly
placed, dilated into sub-triangular, membranaceous, deciduous lamelle,
black-rufous ; spire short, convex, above depressed ; whorls 5%, convex,
the last tapering, generally inclining downwards ; aperture small, a little
epee lunately circular ; peristome simple, straight, margins closely
united.
OLEACINID. 9
Diam., greatest, ‘17 ; least, ‘16; height, ‘1. (Pfr.)
Auckland (Sinclair and Greenwood.)
Distinguished by its spiral grooves.
B. Upper surface flat or concave.
P. obnubila, Reeve, 7c, Wo. 792, pl. 130; Er. vol. 3, p. 633;
vol. 5, p. 164, LVo. 844; Helix sigma, Pfr. Shell umbilicated, depressed,
intensely fuscous, throughout decussated with impressed spiral furrows
and oblique strize; spire depressed; suture distinct ; whorls 5, flatly-
convex, the last rounded ; aperture lunar; peristome simple, acute.
Everahit -r4.. (Pit)
New Zealand.
Distinguished by its spiral grooves.
P. anguiculus, Reeve, Z.c., No. 802, pl. 131 ; Pfr, M-H.V., vol.
3, Pp. 6343 vol. 5, p. 173, LVo. 920. Shell umbilicated, depressed,
sub-discoidal, brownish, adorned with sub-remote rufous streaks ;
suture of the spire impressed ; whorls 5, rotundate, longitudinally very
finely striated with rib-like striae; aperture sub-circular; peristome
thin, margins closely united.
Bieight,“1.. (Per. )
New Zealand.
P. ide, Gray; P.Z.S., 1849, ~. 166; Pfr, M.A.V., vol. 3, p. 108 ;
vol. 5, p. 172, Wo. 911; Reeve, f, 789. Shell umbilicated, depressed,
thin, arcuately-ribbed, pilose, pale horny, radiated with brown ; spire
flat, sub-impressed in the middle; suture impressed ; whorls 5%, rather
convex, slowly increasing, the last somewhat rounded, not descending ;
umbilicus moderate, pervious; aperture slightly oblique, rotundately-
lunar; peristome simple, straight, margins very remote, columellar
margin short, greatly arched.
Diam., greatest, °32; least, ‘28 ; height, almost ‘16. (Pfr.)
Auckland (Major Greenwood.)
Pe etas Feijen ZS Bost AL. VS w0l! 355 PA to] 5 olan:
173, Vo. 922; H. corniculum; Reeve, f. 826. Shell umbilicated,
‘depressed, finely striated with rib-like striz, silky, waxen ; spire flattish ;
suture impressed ; whorls 4, slightly convex, the last more broad, not
descending, depressed; umbilicus rather broad, perspective ; aperture a
little oblique, lunately sub-circular ; peristome simple, straight, margins
closely united.
Diam., greatest, ‘12; least, ‘1; height, ‘o5. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Strange.)
P. zeta, Lefer; P-ZS., 1851; M7.V., vol. 3, p. 109; vol. 5, p.
173, Vo. 919; Helix infecta, Reeve, f. 808. Shell very broadly umbilica-
ted, depressed, sub-discoidal, rather solid, somewhat closely strongly
plaited, not shining, pale yellowish, tessellated with large chestnut spots ;
spire flat, submersed in the middle; suture deep; whorls 5%, very
narrow, convex, rather swollen, the last not descending, somewhat
ie) OLEACINID#.
tapering, strengthened beneath with fine plaits ; aperture a little oblique,
smallish lunately circular; peristome simple, straight, margins closely
united.
Diam., greatest, ‘14; least, ‘13 ; height, ‘06. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Strange. )
Sub-Genus, Flammulina—Martens.
Periphery rounded ; whorls rapidly increasing, generally painted
with brown waved stripes.
A. Edge of the aperture thickened at the base.
a. Imperforate.
P; wenulata, Lefer; P-ZS., 1857, 2. 168 ; JA. V., vol. 4, p.
163; vol. 5, p. 232, (Vo. 1395. Shell imperforated, depressed, thin,
closely plicately-striated, downy, variegated with corneous and reddish
markings, disposed in streaks and spots ; spire slightly elevated ; whorls
4%, convex, gradually increasing, the last not descending, impressed in
the middle of the base ; aperture vertical, elongately-lunar ; peristome
simple, right margin straight, basal margin somewhat reflexed, columellar
margin bent downwards, subcallous, adnate.
Diam. sereatest, 24; least, 25 height, 12. (Pir)
New Zealand.
b. Umbilicate.
P. portia, Gray; P.ZS., 1849, p. 165; Pfr, MEV, vol. 3, p.
154; vol. 5, p. 246, Vo. 1505; Reeve, f- 806. Shell umbilicated,
depressed, thinnish, sculptured with closely-set elevated, sub-arcuated
plaits, covered sparsely with rather rigid hairs, horny, variegated with
rufous spots and streaks; spire short, convex; whorls 51%, rather
convex, regularly increasing, the last somewhat inflated beneath the
suture, not descending anteriorly, sub-compressed at the base about a
moderate, pervious umbilicus; aperture oblique, rotundly-lunar ;
peristome simple, margins nearly united, the upper part arcuately
protracted below the insertion, the basal part shortly reflexed, ascending
obliquely to the umbilicus.
Diam., greatest, 32 ; least, 28; height, °16. (Pfr.)
Auckland (Greenwood and Sinclair.)
Dunedin (F.W.H.)
I have followed Adams in including this and other species in the
genus Patula, but I believe that most of them will be found to belong to
the family Stenopidee.
B. Edge of the aperture simple.
a. Imperforate.
IP OMOLS, ety e725 .5 LOA, prays. Middl COL 85 Puen
vol.'5, p. 54, Vo. 63; Helix compessivoluta, Reeve; lc., f. 791.
Shell imperforate, depressed, rather smooth, covered with a fuscous-
horny epidermis ; spire slightly elevated, reddish on the crown ; whorls
OLEACINID, II
4, flattish, rapidly increasing, the last hardly more rounded at the base,
impressed in the middle; aperture oblique, lunately-oval; peristome
simple, straight, basal margin slightly arched, reflexed above, adnate in
the umbilical region.
Diam., greatest, 38 ; least, -28 ; height, ;p4..* (Pir.)
New Zealand.
Wellington (F.W.H.)
Pe tullia.: Gray; PZ.S.,. 1849, p. G05. Behn Lillia, Lif,
MLV Col. 2, Dp. 25% Vol 5. 2: 255, La. 454 Kees fj. tA00., Shell
imperforate, depressed, thin, closely-ribbed, diaphanous, tessellated
with pale-yellow and rufous; spire slightly convex; whorls 5, rather
convex, narrow, the last not descending, obscurely angled at the
periphery, impressed in the middle at the base ; aperture sub-vertical,
lunar ; peristome simple, straight, basal margin slightly arcuated.
Diam., greatest, 18 ; least, 16; height, 08. (Pfr.)
Auckland (Greenwood. )
b. Umbilicate.
P. lambda, Pfeifer; P.Z.S., 1851; ILA.V.,, vol. 3, p. 84; vol. 5,
p. 143, Wo. 653; Helix igniflua, Reeve, f- 774. Shell umbilicated,
sub-conoidly-depressed, thin, somewhat smooth, now and then sculp-
tured with spiral strize, slightly shining, diaphanous, fulvous, chestnut-
spotted ; spire sub-conoidal, rather obtuse ; whorls 5, rather convex, the
last not descending, obscurely angled at the periphery, convex beneath ;
umbilicus moderat, conical; aperture oblique. lunately-rotund, within
shining ; peristome simple, straight, margins closely united, columellar
margin sub-dilated above, expanded.
Diam., greatest, ‘51 ; least, ‘43; height, -28. (Pfr.)
New Zealand. ;
P. biconcava, Pfeffer; P.Z.S., 1851; M.A.V., vol. 3, p. 109;
vol. 5, p. 173, Wo. 917; Reeve, f 810. Shell umbilicated, depressed
closely arcuately-ribbed, opaque, horny-yellowish, rufously streaked ;
spire concave ; whorls 4%-5, narrow, the last but one convex, the
last rounded, not descending; umbilicus broad, perspective ; aperture
sub-vertical, higher than broad, lunar ; peristome simple, straight, right
margin sub-arcuated in front.
Diam., greatest, ‘2; least, ‘17; height, ‘o8. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Strange.)
Wellington (F.W.H.)
Sub-Family— Vitrinine.
Animal too large entirely to enter the shell. Mantle margin more
or less produced, reflected over the sides, or sometimes entirely covering
the shell. Tail often obliquely truncate, but not furnished with a
caudal gland. Shell thin, usually horny and transparent: aperture very
wide.
Genus, VITRINA—Draparnaud.
Mantle with the front edge greatly extended, and covering the neck
often as far as the tentacles. ‘Tail very short, shell pellucid ; whorls
12 OLEACINID.
few, rapidly increasing, the last dilated; peristome thin, simple, acute.
Animal too large entirely to enter the shell.
World wide.
In the type species the lingual teeth are roo rows, of 75 each ; the
marginal teeth with a single long, recurved, apex.
iV. dimidiata, 2refer; 22S, 151 Carla. Bra. Mus. 7a;
Reeve, 72. Shell much depressed, periphery ovate, very thin,
sculptured with minute arcuate strize, silky, shining, pale horn colour ;
spire nearly flat; whorls two and a quarter, which are open beneath,
and with a narrow membranaceous edge ; aperture horizontal, as large
as the whole shell ; peristome simple, with regularly curved margins.
Height, ‘o5; greatest breadth, -2 ; least breadth, ‘14. (Pfr.)
V. zebra, Ze Guill, Rev. Zool, 1842, 136; . zebra, Pfr., Cat.
Pulmonata tn Brit. Mus., 40; M.F.V., 2., p. 809, 5. p. 20. Shell
rounded, umbilicated, depressed-convex above, more convex beneath,
hyaline, ornamented with obliquely wavy flamelets of white and chest-
nut ; whorls 4, thinly striated above ; aperture rather dilated ; umbilicus
very small.
Axis, °2; breadth, :3. (Pfr.)
Auckland Islands only.
Genus, DAUDEBARDIA—Hartmann.,
Eye-peduncles short ; tentacles rudimentary ; pulmonary orifice on
the right border of the mantle, a little posterior ; body elongated, greatly
developed. Shell on the hind part of the body, perforate, horny,
depressed, paucispiral, horizontally and rapidly involute, last whorl very
large ; aperture oblique, very wide. Animal too large entirely to enter
the shell.
Europe.
D. novoseelandica, Pfeffer; IH.V., vol. 5, p. 10, Wo. to.
Shell imperforated, greatly depressed, ambit oval, rather solid, sculptured
with distinct strie of growth and radiant impressed lines, fulvous ; spire
small, occupying one-eighth of the entire length of shell ; whorls, 2%, the
last laterally sub-compressed ; columella thickly callous above.
Height, -1 ; length, .4; diameter, -27. (Pfr.)
Waikato.
Genus, HYALINA—Ferus.
Tentacles short ; lateral teeth of tongue aculeate.
Mantle thickened, and slightly reflected; tail obliquely truncated.
Shell depressed, vitreous, shining, umbilicated; whorls regularly
increasing, the last not descending at the apertute ; aperture rotundately
lunar ; peristome thin, straight.
Eupope. N. America. W. Indies.
H.* corneo-fulva Pfeiffer Malak. Bl, vii., 1861; MV. vol.
&, p. 145, Wo. 673. Shell umbilicated, sub-orbicular, depressed, thin,
faintly finely striated, most distinct at the suture, shining, pellucid,
horny-fulvous ; spire slightly elevated; suture impressed; whorls 5,
rather convex, regularly increasing, the last depressly-rotund ; umbilicus
HELICID#. 13
narrow, pervious, scarcely exceeding one-sixth of the diameter ; aperture
a little oblique, rotundly lunar; peristome simple, straight, margins
remote, columellar margin accurately bent downwards, slightly dilated
above.
Diam., greatest, °4; least, -32 ; height, ‘15. (Pfr.)
Bay of Islands, New Zealand (Hochstetter.)
H. novare, Pfeffer; Malak Bi, viii., 1861, 2.148; AA V., vol. 5,
p. 169, Vo. 882. Shell somewhat narrowly umbilicated, depressed,
thin, somewhat smooth, finely striated at the suture, pellucid, shining,
pale, yellowish-horny ; spire flat; suture simple, scarcely impressed ;
whorls 4, rather convex, gradually increasing, the last depressed, not
descending ; aperture somewhat greater, slightly oblique, lunar ; peris-
tome simple, straight, margins sub-converging, columellar margin above
shortly expanded.
Diam., greatest, ‘23 ; least, 2; height, ‘o8. (Pfr.)
Bay of Islands, New Zealand (Hochstetter.)
N.B.—Very closely allied to HZ. remota, Benson, from St. Helena.
FAMILY—HELICID~.
Lingual teeth in numerous straight transverse rows, equal, uniform,
and with the edge-teeth serrated or dentate. Head well developed ;
mouth with a horny upper jaw; eye-peduncles and tentacles retractile
under the skin. Margin of the mantle not extended, nor produced into
lobes ; pulmonary orifice on the right side, under the edge of the shell.
Foot elongated, not glanduliferous. Orifice of reproductive organs at
the base of the right eye-peduncle. Aperture closed by an epiphragm
during hybernation.
Sub-Family—Succinine.
Tentacles short and thick ; foot broad. Shell thin, horny, ovate, or
oblong ; spire small; aperture large, oval ; columella simple, not trun-
cate anteriorly ; peristome acute.
Genus, SUCCINEA—Draparnaud.
Animal nearly retractile within the shell. Shell imperforate, oval,
horny ; spire short, last whorl large ; aperture wide, oblong ; columella
simple, acute ; peristome simple, acute.
World wide ; sub-aquatic in habit.
S. tomentosa, Pfeffer. P.ZS., 1854, ~. 297; LAV. vol. 4,
p. 814; vol. 5, p. 33, (Vo. 108; Reeve, Conch Icon., No. 81. Shell
oblongly-conical, thin, covered with downy hairs, not shining, pellucid,
pale horny ; spire conical, acute ; whorls 3, the second convex, the last
three quarters of the entire length of the shell, attenuated at the base ;
columella sub-callous, slightly plaited, arcuated; aperture a little oblique,
sharply oval, somewhat incumbent ; peristome simple, rather expanded.
Length, 3; diam., ‘2; height, ‘15. Aperture, length, ‘23 ; breadth
in the middle, 16.(__ Pfr.)
New Zealand (Strange.)
14 HELICID®.
Sub-Family—A chatinine.
Shell more or less conoidal, solid, the last whorl usually very ventri-
cose, aperture wide; columella usually more or less truncate at the fore
part ; outer lip generally simple and acute.
Genus, TORNATELLINA—Beck.
Shell imperforate, ovate or sub-trochiform; aperture semi-lunar ;
columella tortuous, truncated ; margins unequal, the columellar uni-
lamellated, the external plicated within.
Europe. S. America. Polynesia.
T. novoseelandica, Pfeffer; P.ZS., 1851; MAV., vol.
3, p. 524; vol. 6, p. 263, Wo. 22. Elasmatina reclusiana, Gray, P.ZS.,
1849, p. 167, not of Petit. Shell oblongly-turreted, thin, smooth, shining,
fulvous-horny; spire turreted ; rather acute; whorls 5, somewhat convex,
the last one-third of the length of shell, rounded at the base ; parietal
fold deep, moderate ; columella callous, white, upper portion torturously-
subtruncated ; aperture hardly oblique, somewhat ear-shaped ; peristome
thin, acute.
Length, ‘13; breadth, ‘07; aperture, length, ‘07. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Strange.)
Sub-Family—Bulimine.
Eye-peduncles and tentacles well developed ; foot elongate, pointed
behind. Shell ovoid, conoidal, or turreted ; aperture longer than wide ;
columella arcuated, not truncate anteriorly.
Genus, PLACOSTYLUS— Beck.
Shell imperforate, oblong-conic, rugosely striated, last whorl a little
shorter than the spire; aperture oblong-oval or irregular; columella
tortuous, arcuately plicate; peristome thick, reflexly expanded, the
margins united by a shining tuberculated callus, the columellar dilated,
appressed.
Australia. New Caledonia.
P. bovinus, Bruguitre; Coll., No. 368; Petit Journ. Conch.,
1853; Crosse, Journ. Conch, vol. xil., 1864; Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 6, p.
82, Wo. 721; Bulimus Shongit, Lesson, Voy. de la Cog. ; Reeve, Conch,
Le. f. 159; Pfr... M.FLV., vol. 2,~p. 140; A. auris-bovina, Lamark ; L.
jfibratus Martyn. Shell imperforate, oblongly-conical, solid, rugosely-
striated, covered with an olivaceous-rufous epidermis, banded by
whitish at the suture ; spire conical, rather acute ; whorls 7, convex, the
last shorter than the spire, sub-compressed at the base; columella
arcuated ; aperture oblongly-oval, within cherry-red, sub-caniculated at
the base; peristome very thick, armed at the base with a moderate
tuberculous callus, margins united by a callus, columellar margin
dilated, prominent.
Length, 2°55; diameter, 1°05 ; aperture, long, 1:1; broad, ‘5. (Pfr.)
Hokianga to North Cape.
P. novoseelandicus, Peiffer; Malak. BL, viii., 1861, p. 149;
Crosse, Journ. Conch., xu., 1864; Pfr., M.LV., vol. 6, p. 83, Wo. 722.
HELICID&. 15
Shell imperforate, ovately oblong, solid, irregularly rugosely striated,
fulvous-brown, occasionally streaked with chestnut ; spire ovately-conical,
flesh-coloured on the upper portion, apex rather acute ; suture ragged,
widely margined with white; whorls 6, moderately convex, the last
equalling the length of the spire, sub-attenuated at the base ; columella
vertical, scarcely torturous ; aperture sub-vertical, rhomboidly-semioval,
within yellowish-white ; peristome thick, white, margins united by a
white callus, the right margin rather expanded, slightly arcuated, within
the upper part slightly sinuous, basal and columellar margins dilated.
Length, 3°05 ; diam., 1:22 ; aperture within, length, 1°37 ; breadth,
555.) (Pfr)
Wangaruru, near Bay of Islands, New Zealand (Hochstetter.)
NVote.—Eggs testaceous, oval, length, 27 ; young shell, sub-perforate,
thin, pale-horny.
P. antipodum, Gray; Dief. Trav., vol. 1, p. 247; Revue Zool., .
LOAM SG ei, ALLL, Ol. 2, p:227 : YOlNO, D. VE3e/VO. Lad)
Voy. Erebus and Terror, pl. t f, 5 g. Shell oblong, imperforate, smooth,
pale fuscous, covered with pale-fuscous opaque epidermis, variegated
profusely with dark lines, principally at the suture, apex obtuse, rubi-
cund ; whorls rather convex; aperture --— ; peristome ?; specimen
not adult; whorls 4, the last 1 inch in diam. ; axis, 1 inch (Gray.)
Bream Head and Whangarei.
Probably the young of the last species. Said by Gray to be allied
to B. fulgetans, Brod, from the Philippine Islands.
Sub-Family— Pupine.
Tentacles rudimentary, minute, or entirely wanting. Foot short,
obtuse, or pointed behind. Shell cylindrical, or fusiform; whorls
numerous, narrow, equal; aperture small, frequently with elongated
teeth or thin laminze ; peristome generally non-continuous.
Genus, PUPA—Draparnaud.
Shell rimate or perforate, cylindrical or oblong; aperture rounded,
often toothed; margins distant, mostly united by a callous lamina.
Animal with a short foot, pointed behind ; lower tentacles short.
Widely distributed.
P. novoseelandica, Peiffer; P.Z.S., 1851; ILH.V., vol. 3, p.
5303 vol. 6, p. 299, Wo. 76; Reeve, Conch, lc. f- 126. Shell perforated,
sub-cylindrical, thin, obliquely closely ribbed, deep fuscous, variegated
with straw-coloured spots, principally about the impressed suture ; spire
as it proceeds upwards scarcely attenuated, apex sub-rotund ; whorls
7%, rather convex, the last dot reaching to one-third of the entire
length of the shell, rounded ; aperture sub-vertical, semi-circular, tooth-
less; peristome, simple, straight, margins remote, columellar margin
slightly dilated above.
Length, ‘18 ; diam., ‘o8 ; aperture, length, ‘o5. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Strange.)
Sub-Family—FHelicine.
Shell globular, or convex ; spire short, the last whorl much larger
than the others, composing nearly the whole shell; umbilicus covered
16 HELICID.
or open; aperture regular, semi-lunar, generally without teeth ; peristome
thickened or reflexed.
Genus, HELIX—Linneus.
Shell imperforate, or with the umbilicus covered, more or less
globose; whorls convex, the last large, ventricose, deflexed at the
aperture ; aperture lunately orbicular ; peristome patulous or reflexed,
columellar margin dilated, callous.
Sub-Genus, Rhagada—A lbers.
Shell imperforated, somewhat globose, rather solid, striated, whitish,
banded; whorls 4%4-5%, regularly increasing, rather convex, the last
slightly descending in front, convex at the base ; aperture exceedingly
oblique, lunar ; peristome lipped within, somewhat expanded.
H. reinga, Gray; OUnpub. List N.Z. Shells, pl. 1, fig. 11, 12;
LR MALV.. VOLT, P2805 V0l 5; P. 2025) NOx LOOkeheecve, My Fig 2s
Shell perforated, perforation covered, globosely-depressed, rather solid,
obliquely finely striated, whitish, adorned with a single chestnut-coloured
band, and with many orange-coloured lines ; spire sub-elevated ; whorls
534, rather convex, gradually increasing, the last convex beneath,
descending anteriorly; aperture very oblique, narrow, sub-triangularly
lunar; peristome shortly expanded, within white-lipped, columellar
margin straightish, obscurely and obtusely unidentated.
Diam., greatest, 59; least, 51; height, -4. (Pfr.)
New Zealand.
Sub-Genus, Rhytida—Albers.
Shell umbilicated, thin, convexly-depressed, undulatingly wrinkled or
striated ; spire slightly elevated ; whorls 4-5, flattish ; umbilicus broad,
funnel-shaped ; aperture oblongly-ovate ; peristome simple, sharp,
margins converging.
H. greenwoodi, Gray; P.ZS., 1849, p. 165; Pf&, MAS,
vol. 3, Pp. 156; vol. 5, p. 247, Vo. 1520; Reeve, f. 434. Shell umbilr
cated, convexly-depressed, thinnish, throughout very closely rugosely-
granulated, slightly shining, fuscous, with an olive-green tinge; spire
smallish, convex, rather obtuse ; suture impressed ; whorls 4, rather
convex, rapidly increasing, the last large, strengthened at the periphery
with many elevated, obtuse, backwardly-descending bands, anteriorly
descending, a little convex at the base, sub-compressed at the entrance
of the chestnut-coloured, funnel-shaped umbilicus; aperture very
oblique, oblongly-oval, within shining, whitish ; peristome simple,
margins closely united, superior portion straight, bent backwards,
inferior portion thickish, dilated and reflexed towards the columella.
Diam., greatest, ‘93; least, °75; height, 47. (Pfr.)
Auckland.
H. dunnise, Gray; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1841, p.
B21 7n3 byt, DEL V eS OLS Deore” Cole 5, Ps 250, Vom nes 7 1 aCeege,
f 425; Voy. Erebus and Terror, Moll, pl. 1, f. 7. Shell umbilicated,
depressed, fuscous, keeled, irregularly granularly striated ; spire slightly
elevated, obtuse ; whorls 4, flattened, the last slightly descending
HELICIDA. 17
anteriorly, convex beneath, compressed around a moderate, funnel-
shaped umbilicus ; aperture very oblique, irregular, transversely oblong,
laterally spread out; peristome simple, superior margin depressed,
dilated in front, columellar margin shortly reflexed.
Diam., greatest, ‘95; least, "79 ; height, -43. (Pfr.)
Nelson. Bay of Islands.
Sub-Genus, Thalassta— Albers.
Shell scarcely perforated, orbicularly conoidal, thin, pellucid ; whorls
5-6, slowly increasing, the last angulated or carinated, the base at the
perforation impressed ; aperture diagonal or slightly oblique, more or
less angularly lunar; peristome simple, sharp, columellar margin some-
what reflected.
A. Shell trochiform.
a. Umbilicus narrow.
H. regularis, Pfeffer; P.Z.S., 1854, p. 50; ILH.V,, vol. 4, p.
33; vol. 5, p. 86, Vo. 277; Reeve, Conch, Icon., f.1259. Shell perforated,
the perforation partially covered, regularly coniforn, thin, very minutely
striated, pellucid, viscously glossly, luteous, horny ; spire conical, rather
acute ; suture scarcely impressed ; whorls 6, flattish, slowly increasing,
the last not descending, acutely keeled, flattish beneath ; aperture
diagonal, depressly-securiformed ; peristome simple, straight, margins
remote, columellar margin dilated above, sub-adnate. -
Diam, 125 height, *r2. (Pfr.)
New Zealand.
H. heldiana, Pfeifer; P.Z.S., 1851; ILH.V., vol. 3, p. 60;
vol. 5, ~. 87, No. 279. Shell perforated, minute, trochiformed, thin,
smooth, shining, fulvous-horny ; spire conical, rather obtuse; suture
impressed ; whorls, 544, somewhat convex, the last keeled, not des-
cending, slightly more convex beneath ; aperture slightly oblique,
depressed, angularly lunar; peristome simple, straight, margins remote,
columellar margin very shortly somewhat reflexed.
Wiani., -eo\;iheisht.06.” | (Pir).
New Zealand (Strange.)
H. conella, Pfeffer, Mal. Blatt. viii., 1861, ~. 147 ; Mon. Hel.
v., . 86. Shell sub-perforated, conoidal, carinated, thinnish, sub-acutely
striated, minutely tessellated with horn colour and reddish markings ;
spire convexly conoidal, with the apex rather acute; suture marginated
at the periphery, and slightly convex at the base; aperture oblique,
sub-angularly lunar ; peristome simple, straight, margins remote, briefly
reflexed and arched over at the columellar margin.
Diam, 18ssheight,:-rx. ';( Pir.)
Kakepuku (Hochstetter.)
H. poecilosticta, Pfeffer; P.Z.S., 1851; ALH.V,, vol. 3, p. 59;
vol. 5, p. 89, Wo. 301 ; Reeve, f. 815. Shell perforated, trochiformed,
thin, closely plaited, fulvous, rufous-spotted, diaphanous ; spire convexly-
conical, apex rather acute; suture margined; whorls 5%, narrow,
somewhat convex, the last keeled, not descending, flat beneath ; aperture
18 HELICIDA:.
a little oblique, depressed, angularly lunar; peristome simple, straight,
columellar margin ascending, callously-reflexed.
Diam: 16; height..13.) (Pir)
New Zealand.
H. erigone, Gray; P.ZS., 1849, p. 165; Helix Erigone,
Pfr., M.H.V., vol. 3, p. 60; vol. 5, p. 86, Wo. 278; Reeve, f. 817.
Shell perforated, conical, thin, smooth, keeled, pellucid, fulvous,
obscurely streaked with red flame-like markings ; spire conical, rather
acute; whorls 6-7, slightly convex, the last flattish beneath the sub-
acute keel; aperture a little oblique, depressed, sub-angularly lunar ;
peristome simple, straight, columellar margin short, sub-callous, rather
reflexed.
Diam., greatest, ‘1; height ‘08. (Pfr.)
Auckland (Major Greenwood.)
b. Umbilicus broad.
H. alpha, Zafer; P.ZS.,, 1851; ALA.V., vol. 3, p. 112); dol.
5, p. 183, Wo. 981; Helix stipulata, Reeve, f. 813. Shell umbilicated,
conical, keeled, obliquely finely striated and distantly lamellarly-ribbed,
variegated with brown and yellow streaks ; spire rather convexly-conical,
apex rather obtuse ; whorls 5%, slightly convex, the last not descending,
acutely denticulately keeled, flat at the base, sub-angulated at the
moderate, pervious umbilicus ; aperture diagonal, somewhat hatchet-
shaped; peristome simple, straight, upper margin short, basal margin
arcuated, sub-vertically ascending towards the columella.
Diam:,sereatest,, 17 = least, 16> height, rey” (Pir.)
New Zealand (Strange. )
Ee OCLAM Aes LZ Sa SOSA aT, Vig DOL 25 Pa MOMmCOleS,
p. 183, Wo. 982; H. barbulata, Reeve, f- 814. Shell umbilicated,
trochiformed, keeled, thin, arcuately strongly plaited, fulvous, broadly
spotted with chestnut; spire elevated, convexly-conical, rather acute ;
suture margined ; whorls 7, narrow, flattish, the last somewhat receding,
not descending, ciliated towards the keel, slightly convex at the base ;
umbilicus narrow; aperture oblique, angularly-lunar ; peristome simple,
straight, basal margin regularly arcuated.
DMiam:, sreatest, 22/5, height, «13° )(Pir.)
New Zealand (Strange.)
Queenstown, Dunedin. (F.W.H.)
B. Shell turbinate.
a. Umbilicus narrow.
H. ophelia, Pfeffer; P.Z.S., 1854, ~.146; ILH.V., vol. 4, p.
29; vol. 5, p. 80, Wo. 241; Reeve, f.1345. Shell perforated, turbinately
depressed, thin, under the lens irregularly marked with hair-like strie,
not shining, diaphanous, horny, marked with narrow reddish streaks ;
spire rather convexly conoidal, crown small, fine, somewhat acute ;
whorls 5, flattish, rather prominent, gradually increasing, the last not
descending, sub-angular, flattish at the base ; aperture oblique, rotundly-
HELICID-. 19
lunar, within shining ; peristome simple, straight, margins slightly
converging, basal margin rather constricted, columellar margin beat
downwards, near the very narrow and pervious umbilicus, shortly
reflexed.
Diam., greatest, -32 ; least, 28; height, -18. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Hochstetter). Australia (Pfr.) Cape York, North
Australia (Edwards.) Cox, Austr. Land Shells, 1863, p. 35.
Probably a mistake in the New Zealand habitat.
H. zealandiz, Gray; Dief. Trav., vol. 1, p. 247; Helix
Cealande Tit, MLLV-:, vol. i, p: 81 3 vol. Fapi85, Wor220.5 Reeve, 7:
780. Shell perforated, depressed, turbiniformed, pale horny, pellucid,
variegated with rufous spots, minutely finely striated; spire convex ;
whorls 5, flattened, the last keeled, convex ; umbilicus deep ; peristome
simple, acute.
Diam., sreatest, «3 > least, -26 + height, <22,,, Pir.)
Auckland (Major Greenwood.)
H. fatua, Pfeifer; P.Z.S., 1857, p. 107; MLV, vol. 4, p. 30;
vol. 5, p. 80, Wo. 243. Shell perforated, turbinated, thinnish, irregularly
finely striated, somewhat shining, fulvous ; spire conoidal, rather acute ;
whorls 5-5!4, moderately convex, the last not descending, periphery
sub-carinated, rather convex at the base; aperture a little oblique, lunar;
peristome simple, straight, columellar margin somewhat rigidly bent
downwards.
Diam., greatest, -2; least, ‘10; height, ‘9. (Pfr.)
Taupiri, New Zealand (Hochstetter.)
H. antipoda, Homb. and Jacg., Voy. Pole Sud, Zool., v., p. 18;
PIMC ah 3-NO Lt UL LEV Uol. A, Pp. ELI 5) ol. 55° P1825 \LVo. 072!
Shell narrowly umbilicated, globosely-conical, above striated, shining,
grey, rufous-streaked ; spire conoidal, rather acute ; whorls 5%, flattish,
the last keeled, slightly descending, convex at the base; aperture
hatchet-formed ; peristome simple, straight.
Diam., greatest, °32; least, :28. (Pfr.)
Auckland Islands.
b. Umbilicus broad.
H. aucklandica, Ze Guill; Revue Zool., 1842, p. 140; Pfr,
WMEVE dol i; p 119% vol. ‘5, p. 182, lVo. 973. , Shell orbicularly-
conoidal, thin, small, pellucid, shining, yellowish-brown; whorls 6,
depressly sub-convex, striated, evenly painted with longitudinal, equi-
distant, scarlet spots, the last keeled, above marked with transverse,
obscure fine strize, beneath more convex, spotless, deeply umbilicated ;
aperture sub-rotund, anteriorly sub-angulated ; peristome acute, fragile.
Diam., ‘28; height, 16. (Pfr.)
Auckland Islands.
He seiddinm:,<-7efjer; PZ.S., 1857, p: 108) ALAA vor 4,
p. 112; vol. 5, p. 183, Mo. 979. Shell umbilicated, conoidly semi-
globose, rather solid, sub-arcuately striated, fulvous, obscurely variegated
with reddish ; spire convexly-conoidal, rather acute at the apex; suture
20 HELICID,
margined ; whorls 5%, slightly convex, the last not descending, acutely
keeled at the periphery, at the base a little more convex; umbilicus
almost equalling one quarter of the diameter; aperture slightly oblique,
angularly lunar; peristome simple, straight, columellar margin slightly
expanded.
Diam-gereatest, 21; least; -2; height, 125 (Pfr)
New Zealand.
c. Imperforate.
Heirradiata, Gould; “CS. Ex. Ape us pf: 34,77. 35. Pes
MMTV TTI DP N20, SC V., 1p 51. (Cox, Aust, Land “SHS, po 26. | nell
imperforate, conically-globose, thin, whitish, above radiately tessellated
with purple, and striated with closely set acute lines of growth, below
rounded ; whorls 6, convex, the last somewhat angular ; aperture trans-
verse, lunate; peristome acute, incurved towards the columella, and
scarcely reflexed.
Diam:, -25 ; height, °37 inch,
The above description is taken from Gould. Pfeiffer states that it
neither agrees with the figure, nor with the dimensions (Cox.)
Gould appears to have given both Australia and the Bay of Islands
as the habitat in different publications. It has not been recognised
since.
Sub-Genus—
Like Thalassia, but without keel. Turbinate.
H. kivi, Gray; Dieff. Trav., vol. 3, p. 262; Helix Kivi, Pfr.,
METTAV GS COLT GProug2i: WoL, 5, p. 3232. WVo: \T30AG) Reeiex 7. 7One
Voy. Erebus and Terror, Moll. Fl, 1 f. 1. Shell imperforated,
turbinated, white, thin, obliquely closely striated, adorned with short,
irregular, oblique, purple-brown streaks ; spire sub-conical, obtuse ;
whorls 6, flattish, the last rounded, convex at the base, white, smooth ;
aperture broad, lunar; peristome simple, straight, columellar margin
somewhat reflexed.
Diam., greatest, ‘4; least, °36; height, -32. (Pfr.)
Auckland (Major Greenwood. )
HH. sranum, Leijers P.ZS. 1854, p..107 3) ALLL, sola.
20; vol. 5, p. 63, Wo. 143. Shell perforated, turbinately-globose, thin,
very closely and finely striately-ribbed, pale horny, irregularly variegated
with reddish markings; spire conoidal, slightly acute; whorls 5%,
convex, the last not descending, rather swollen near the aperture;
aperture slightly oblique, broadly lunar; peristome simple, straight,
margins sub-converging, columellar margin slightly patulous.
Diam., greatest, ‘16; least, ‘14; height, ‘12. (Pfr.)
New Zealand.
Wellington (F.W.H.)
H. guttula, Pfeiffer; Zeit. f Malak., 1853, ~. 53; ICELV.,, vol.
3,7: 620; vol. &, p. 55, Vo. 7a3 Reeve, Conch, Jc.,-f. 1040; shell
imperforate, convexly-depressed, thin, very smooth, shining, pellucid,
STENOPID. PAI
fuscous-horny; spire vaulted over; suture inconsiderable, sub-marginated ;
whorls 5, rather convex, slowly increasing, the last rounded at. the
periphery, impressed in the middle beneath, callous ; aperture slightly
oblique, lunar ; peristome simple, straight, acute, basal margin slightly
arcuate, thickish at the columella.
Diam., greatest, 2; least, ‘19; height, ‘1. (Pfr.)
New Zealand. Nicobar Islands (Zelebor.)
Preservation Inlet (F.W.H.)
Genus, LAOMA—Gray.
Shell scarcely perforated, turretedly-conical, smooth, shining, pellucid ;
whorls 7, flat, the last carinated, flat at the base; aperture depressedly-
quadrangular, lamellated ; peristome simple, straight.
New Zealand only.
L. leimonias, Gray; P.Z.S., 1849, p. 167; Helix Letmonias,
PNG, Bp. TAA COL) 5. Pp: 220, VO. 132% + Aeede peO20.
Shell sub-imperforated, turretedly-conical, rather solid, smooth, shining,
pellucid, pale horny, reddish spotted; spire turreted, rather acute ;
whorls 7, flat, the last acutely keeled, flat beneath ; aperture sub-vertical,
depressly quadrangular, crowded with three strong white lamella, one
on the wall of the aperture, two on the right margin; peristome simple,
straight.
Diam., ‘og ; height, :1. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Strange).
Auckland (Major Greenwood).
FAMILY—STENOPID~.
Teeth numerous, nearly uniform, on a very broad lingual band.
Body spiral, distinct from the foot. Eye penduncles, and tentacles
retractile under the skin. Mantle produced into lobes at the fore part ;
respiratory orifice on the right side. Foot long and narrow, abruptly
truncated behind, and furnished with a distinct mucous, caudal gland.
Genus, PARYPHANTA—Albers.
Shell widely umbilicated, depressed, covered with a thick, shining
epidermis involving the peristome; spire flat, whorls few, the last
tumid, anteriorly deflexed; umbilicus perspective; aperture oblique,
lunately oval ; peristome simple, inflexed.
Australia and S. America.
P. busbyi, Gray; Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, ~p. 317; Pfr, ME. V.,
vol. 1, p. 109; vol. 5, p. 48, Wo. 1; Reeve, f. 380; Voy. Erebus and
Terror, pl. 1, f. 4; Chenu, fig. 3492. Shell broadly umbilicated,
depressed, sub-discoidal, opaque, white, covered with a thick, glabrous,
shining, deep-green coloured epidermis, which overhangs the peristome;
spire flat, sub-rugose ; whorls 4%, slightly convex, the last smooth,
deflexed anteriorily, depressed ; umbilicus broad, perspective ; aperture
D
212. STENOPIDE.
obliquely lunate-oval, within shining-blue; peristome simple, inflexed
throughout.
Diam., greatest, 2°6; least. 2°1; height, 1-14. (Pfr.)
Northern part of the North Island. Wanganui (?.)
Allied to P. atramentaria, from Victoria.
P. hochstetteri, Pfeffer; M.H.V., vol. 5, p. 48, No. 2. Shell
umbilicated, depressed, slightly solid, irregularly plaited, and somewhat
granulated by impressed, close, oblique lines, viscidly shining, fulvous,
ornamented above with thickly-set, undulating, chestnut-coloured lines ;
spire scarcely elevated, with the crown thin, obtuse; whorls 5%, slightly
convex, the last depressedly-rotundate, sub-angulated at the periphery,
irregularly hollowed beneath, more shining, bound with broader chest-
nut-coloured bands ; umbilicus moderate, oblique, not pervious; aper-
ture very oblique, lunar; peristome somewhat inflexed, straight, anteriorly
sub-membranaceous, margins joined by a white callus.
Diam’, /ereatest, 2°55,, least,.2°2 height, 1a.) ) (Pir)
Limestone Mountains, New Zealand (Hochstetter.)
Picton.
The structure of this shell evidently resembles that of P. Busbyi,
from which, however, it differs in the depressed form,—in the whorls
slowly increasing—in the markings and in the colour; and also in the
umbilicus. It is figured in Hochstetter’s New Zealand, page 169.
Peurnula, Lyajer; fics urnula, Lr; PZ.S:,, USsA, ps oe
heeve, Conch: Lcon., Vo. 1306, pl. 1895, Pir., WTLV., vols Ay pees vol:
5, 2. 48, Vo. 4. Shell perforated, the perforation covered, helicophan-
toidal, thin, sub-membranaceous, irregularly obliquely furrowed and
malleated, a little shining, pellucid, green fuscous; spire minute,
conoidal, obtuse, pale; suture rather deep; whorls 3, convex, very
rapidly increasing, the last large, sub-compressed from behind, somewhat
excavated at the base; aperture oblique, truncatedly-oval, within very
shining; peristome simple, obtuse, sub-inflexed, margins approximating,
columellar margin from above, reflexed, adnate.
Diam, greatest, “63; least, 5 ; height, :35. (Pir.)
Wellington. Clutha. (F.W.H.)
Egg calcareous, white, opake, length, :2. (F.W.H.)
Sub-Genus, Amphidoxa—Albers.
Shell perforate, depressed, thin, pellucid, whorls rather convex,
rapidly increasing ; aperture very oblique, ample; peristome simple,
acute, the margins united by a thin callus.
a. Shell imperforate.
P. phlogophora, Pfeffer; P.Z.S., 1849, p. 127; WAV, vol.
3, P. 34; vol. 5, p. 54, Vo. 65; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 790; Helix multt-
limbata, Jacg. et Homb:, Voy. au Pole Sud., pl. 6, figs, 5-8; Helix flam-
migera, Pfr, 1852. Shell imperforate, depressed, very thin, finely
striated, shining, pellucid, fulvous-yellow, adorned with angular flame-
like markings, and rufous serrations, closely set together ; spire some-
STENOPID&. 23
what convex, scarcely elevated ; whorls 3%, convex, rapidly increasing,
the last not descending, depressed, flattish beneath, impressed in the
middle; aperture diagonal, rotundly-oval; peristome simple, straight,
columellar margin arcuated, ascending.
Diam., greatest, °28; least, ‘24; height, ‘14. (Pfr.)
New Zealand.
b. Umbilicus narrow.
P. glabriuscula, Pfeffer; P-Z.S., 1851; ILAV., vol. 3, p. 51;
vol. 5, p. 71, Wo. 193; Reeve, f- 822. Shell perforate, conoidly-semi-
globose, thin, smooth, pellucid, shining, pale yellow, angularly lined
with rufous ; spire convexly-conoidal, slightly acute ; whorls 5%, slightly
convex, the last not descending, flattish beneath ; aperture oblique, sub-
depressed, lunar; peristome simple, straight, columellar margin bent
downwards, slightly reflexed above.
Diam., greatest, ‘14; least, ‘12; height, 08. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Strange.)
Pepsilon, Leger: P:ZS. 1851; A77.V., vol. 3,°p. 975 tol.
5, 2: 153, Wo. 763; HZ. caput spinule ; Reeve, f. 818. Shell umbilicated,
depressed, thin, obliquely and closely plaited above, pale horny ; spire
rather convex; whorls 3%, rather convex, the last not descending,
somewhat smooth at the base ; umbilicus narrow, pervious; aperture a
little oblique, rotundately-lunar ; peristome simple, straight, margins
converging.
Diam., greatest, ‘07; least, 06; height, ‘oz. (Pfr.)
New Zealand.
P. chiron, Gray ;-P.ZS,. 1849, p. 166; Helix chiron, Pfr.,
MTT 000; 35 Pp: 94 se Hol. 15,.ps 052,10. 7425 Reeve, for7g7 ‘shell
umbilicated, depressed, arcuately and rather distantly plaited, covered
with a shining, fuscous-olive epidermis; spire rather convex; whorls
3%, rather convex, the last sub-depressed, rounded at the margin,
convex at the base; umbilicus narrow, pervious; aperture a little
oblique, sub-lunately-rotund; peristome thin, the right margin some-
what bent backwards, separated from the last whorl by a slight incision,
columellar margin above rather widely-opened out.
Diam., greatest, ‘24; least, ‘2; height, ‘12, (Pfr.)
Auckland (Greenwood. )
The upper surface resembles a minature P. dusbyz, but the under
surface is very different. “
P. rapida, Pfeffer; Zetschr. f. Malak, 1353, p. 54, ILAV., vol.
3, p. 633; vol. 5, p. 175, Wo. 935; Reeve, f’ 1038. Shell unbilicated,
depressed, discoidal, thin, under the lens spirally striatulated, shining,
pellucid, chestnut, variegated with luteous streaks and dots ; spire flat,
sub-immersed ; suture sub-caniculated; whorls 3%, rather convex,
rapidly increasing, the last broad, depressed, rounded at the periphery,
not descending anteriorly, a little convex at the base, gradually ascend-
ing into a moderate umbilicus; aperture a little oblique, lunately-
24 STENOPIDA.,
rotundate ; peristome simple, straight, acute, margins somewhat closely
united.
Diam., greatest, -3; least, 26; height, ‘12. (Pfr.)
New Zealand.
Variety B, Larger, luteous, adorned at the suture with a broad,
articulated, chestnut-coloured band.
Diam., greatest, °38 ; least, ‘28; height, *15.
Solomon Islands.
Dr. Cox states (Australian Land Shells, p. 20) that this species
comes from Cape York, N. Australia. The New Zealand habitat is
probably a mistake.
c. Umbilicus broad.
P. crebriflammis, Pfeffer; P.Z.S., 1851; IAV., vol. 3, p.
91; vol. 5, p. 149, Vo. 7173; Reeve, 805. Shell umbilicated, depressed,
thin, finely striated, shining, pellucid, luteous, adorned with thickly-set
flame-like markings ; spire slightly elevated, rather convex ; whorls 3%,
somewhat convex, the last not descending, sub-depressed, more convex
at the base ; umbilicus rather broad, pervious ; aperture slightly oblique,
lunately-oval ; peristome simple, straight, right margin arcuated in front,
columellar margin slightly reflexed.
Diam., greatest, ‘28 ; least, ‘22; height, nearly ‘12. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Strange.)
P. jeffreysiana, Pfeiffer -~P.Z.S., 1851; ILH.V., vol. 3, p. 1053
vol. 5, p. 169, Vo. 878; Reeve, f-788 (?). Shell umbilicated, depressed,
thin, distinctly striated, pellucid, luteous, adorned with lively-coloured
chestnut streaks, disposed in bundles; spire flat ; suture impressed,
irregularly finely plaited; whorls 4, rather convex, the last sub-depressed,
rounded, not descending ; umbilicus broad, opened, aperture slightly
oblique, lunately-oval; peristome straight, simple, margins nearly
uniting.
Diam., greatest, ‘28 ; least, 23; height, ‘12. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Strange.) Auckland.
According to Reeve this shell is “transparent, horny, and shining,”
without colour. He appears to have mistaken introduced specimens of
Zonites cellaria for it.
P. coresia, Gray; P.Z.S., 1849, p. 166; Helix coresia, Pfr.,
MPLV.; 0b. 3, Po O2: Val i5., f. 149, Vo, 71S.; Kecue,ofe-BO7.. SOE!
broadly umbilicated, depressed, olive-horny, fuscous streaked, covered
with a thick, shining, sub-striated epidermis; spire slightly elevated,
rather convex; whorls 3, rather convex, rapidly increasing, the last
sub-depressed, not descending anteriorly, dilated; aperture diagonal,
sub-lunately rotund; peristome simple, thin, margins approaching,
epidermis inflexed.
Diam., greatest, ‘16; least, ‘13; height, ‘06. (Pfr.)
Auckland (Major Greenwood.)
This shell is exactly like a very minute specimen of P. dusbyz. It
differs from /. chiron in being smaller, more depressed, and in the
LIMACIDA. 25
umbilicus being much wider, showing the front side of the upper whorls,
which appear rather transverse. (Gray.)
Genus, NANINA—Gray.
Mantle with the front edge produced and divided into two move-
able lobes, which partly cover the shell. Foot truncate, and glandular
at the end; sole as wide as the foot. Shell perforate, depressed, thin,
polished, granular or corrugately striated above, smooth and polished
beneath ; aperture lunate ; peristome the thickness of the shell, straight,
the columellar margin short, reflexed, often covering the umbilicus.
S. Asia and Polynesia.
N. marie, Gray; Dieff., N.Z, i1., 262; H. Marie Reeve, Conch,
Ic, f. 804; Smith, Erebus and Terror, Moll., pl. 1, f. 2; H. umbraculum,
Pfr., P.Z.S., 1851. Shell imperforate, nearly lenticular, rather thin,
slightly striate, shining, greenish horn colored, indistinctly marked with
narrow, oblique, brownish stripes; spire conoidal, with the outlines
convex, and the apex acuminate ; suture bordered; whorls 5%, rather
flat, acutely carinate, the last one not descending, rather convex beneath,
and obsoletely spotted with brown; aperture oblique, depressed, nearly
triangular; peristome simple, sharp, straight, with the basal margin very
slightly arcuate, and shortly reflexed at the columella.
Height, ‘15; greatest breadth, 3; least breadth, 27. (Pfr)
Auckland (Major Greenwood.)
FAMILY—LIMACID:.
Rachis teeth tricuspid,-the laterals simple, aculeate, Animal elon-
gated, body united to the foot. Head retractile; eye-peduncles moderate ;
tentacles short, club-shaped. Mantle small, shield-like, joined to the
back ; pulmonary opening on the right side, at the lower part of the
mantle. Excretory and reproductive apertures on the right side. Foot
simple posteriorly.
Genus, LIMAX—Linneus.
Body elongated, tapering behind, hinder part only keeled. Back
with elongate rugosities, separated by anastomosing grooves. Mantle
anterior, enclosing internally an oblong shell, front edge free, produced.
Pulmonary cavity under the mantle. Genital opening just behind the
base of the right tentacle.
World wide.
L.molestus, Hutton; Trans. N.Z. Inst.,x1.,p.331- Mantleshort, and
flatly rounded behind; smooth and sub-concentrically wrinkled. Pul-
monary opening in the posterior third of the mantle. Colour variable ;
greyish or reddish-brown, variously marbled with dusky; sometimes
quite black. Tentacles of the same colour as the back. Foot yellowish-
white. Radula with 33 rows of rachis teeth, and about 20 on each side
of lateral teeth. Transverse rows straight.
Dunedin. Wellington.
26 ARIONID&.
Genus, MILAX—Pfeiffer.
Back keeled to the shield; dorsal shield granulated or shagreened,
truncated, with two small pores on its hinder edge; shell convex.
M. antipodum, Pfeffer; Cat. Pul. Brit. Mus. 177. Ovate,
attenuated, rugose (in ‘spirits), brown, back sharply keeled to the shield ;
back with parallel g grooves diverging from the shield, with short straight
branches passing across from one to the other; shield short, oblong,
rounded behind, smooth, with netted grooves; breathing hole rather
behind the middle of the right side; foot in three bands, the central
band rather the broadest, with series of grooves on each side from a
a zig-zag central groove, the side bands with close parallel straight cross
grooves. (Pfr.)
Wellington and Dunedin.
M. emarginatus, Yution, Trans. N.Z. [nstitute,xi., p. 331. Mantle
slightly shagreened, short and emarginate behind. Pulmonary opening
a little behind the centre. A depressed line circling the mantle in front
from the pulmonary opening. Colour dark grey or olive above; foot
and lower sides of the body yellowish-white. Shell small, nearly flat.
Radula with 27 rows of rachis teeth, and about 25 on each side of
lateral teeth. Transverse rows curved.
Dunedin.
FAMILY—ARIONID&.
Lingual teeth numerous, uniform, close together. Animal elongate ;
body not distinct from the foot. Eye peduncles and tentacles retractile
under the skin. Mantle shield-like on the fore part of the back ;
pulmonary opening on the right side. Jaw horny, lunate. A mucous
gland on the upper side of the extremity of the tail.
Genus, ARION—Ferussac.
Animal elongate. Tentacles and eye-peduncles moderate, Repro-
ductive aperture immediately below the pulmonary opening. Shell
rudimentary.
A.incommodus, Hutton; Trans. N.Z. Lnst.,X1., ~. 331. Mantle ru-
gose, short androunded ‘behind. Pulmonary openingin front of the middle.
Back rounded, not pointed posteriorly. Dark lead grey; a lateral stripe
on the mantle, and a longitudinal band on each side, black. Some-
times the whole upper part of the body greyish black. Foot yellow.
Radula with 21 rows of rachis teeth, and about 22 on each side of
lateral teeth. Transverse rows slightly curved.
Dunedin.
FAMILY—JANELLID&.
Body elongated, slug-like. Tentacles none. Mantle rudimentary
or absent. Pulmonary opening on the right side, close to the centre of
JANELLID. 27
the back. Foot not keeled, tapering, without any caudal gland. Re-
productive orifice on the right side, anterior to the pulmonary opening.
Shell rudimentary or present. Mouth with a horny jaw.
* New Zealand and the New Hebrides only.
Genus, JANELLA—Gray.
Mantle absent. Shell rudimentary. Back with a longitudinal
groove extending along the middle ‘of the whole length of the animal,
and giving off oblique branches from each side. Eye penduncles short,
cylindrical. Foot divided from the body by a broad lateral groove.
Teeth numerous, similar ; the plates short and serrated.
New Zealand only.
J. bitentaculata, Quoy and Gatmard ; Voy. Astrol. ii., p. 149 ;
PapUs ee Ji i=3h5) ACAMS Gen. MOIL» pl. 580, 5153 ChENM., © fa 2409 fh
antipodarum; Gray, A. Nat. Fitst., 2-12-414; Knight, Trans. Linn.
Soc., Xxil., . 381. Head distinct ; mouth oval ; tentacles rather short,
clubbed at the end; eyes very small, terminal. Back with a deep
longitudinal groove extending the whole length, commencing from the
head, divided rather to the left to surround the pulmonary aperture,
which is placed on the back, and with oblique strize diverging from each
side of this groove. Foot scarcely distinct from the rest of the body,
yellowish white. The back is dirty yellow, with pale brown spots. It
has no appearance of any shield containing a horny shell (Quoy.) Teeth
about 300, in a transverse row; transverse rows forming an obtuse
angle.
Tasman Bay. Wellington. Dunedin.
J.papillata, Yutton; Trans. N. Z. Inst, Xi., p. 332. Like 7. biten-
taculata, but with small papille on the back between the oblique
grooves.
Wellington. Dunedin.
Genus, KONOPHORA—Hutton.
Back with a longitudinal central groove, giving off oblique branches
on each side. Eye peduncles short conical. Foot not divided from
the body by a groove.
K.marmorea, Hutton; Trans. N.Z. Inst.,xi., p. 332. Bodysmooth,
rounded above, scarcely distinct from the foot ; tail rounded. Back
with a central groove with lateral branches sloping obliquely backward.
Colour blackish, marbled with pale brown on the back ; an indistinct
black lateral line ; region round the pulmonary opening yellowish.
Dunedin.
* For remarks on the anatomy of this family, see Dr. Macdonald, A.N.H.,
2nd series, vol 18, p. 38 ; and Dr. Gray, A.N.H., 3rd series, vol 6, p. 195.
28 ONCHIDIID.
FAMILY—ONCHIDIID/.
Marine. Animal slug-like. Lingual membrane broad; teeth
uniform, similar, in numerous straight: transverse rows. Mouth with a
buccal veil, but no horny jaw. Eyes at the end of non-retractile
cylindrical peduncles; tentacles none. Mantle coriaceous, large,
shield-like, entirely covering the back. Respiratory orifice posterior, at
the right side, under the margin of the mantle. Vent posterior,
separate from the respiratory orifice. Sexes united ; male organ under
the right tentacle, female orifice at the posterior extremity of the body.
Genus, ONCHIDELLA—Gray.
Eye peduncle short ; buccal appendages lobate. Mantle smooth
or granular, without tufts or radiating proccesses on the dorsal surface.
O. patelloides, Quoy and Gaimard ; Voy. Ast., ii., p. 212, 4 15,
fi 21-23. Body orbicular, somewhat conical above; mantle covered
with pale yellowish-green granules ; margin of the mantle perforated by
sixteen white pores. Below yellowish white; tentacles brownish.
Length about an inch. (Quoy.)
Tasman’s Bay. Auckland Islands.
O. nigricans, Quoy and Gaimard; Voy. Ast., ii, p. 214, 4. 15,
jf 24-26; Chenu, f- 3506. Small, oval; back slightly elevated, broadly
keeled and black above. ‘Tentacles black, thick and short, rounded
into a button at their extremity.
Length, 3 lines. (Quoy.)
Auckland to Dunedin.
In some individuals the black color passes into greenish.
The plate shews that the mantle of this species is granulated as in
the last. The only difference between the two appears to be the size of
the swollen extremity of the tentacles.
O. irrorata, Gould (Peronia); U.S. Ex., Ep. xii., p. 291, f 383-
Elongated oval, back arched, margins expanded, mottled olive and
yellow, finely covered with minute, sub-equal granulations, with eight or
ten elevated, radiating folds or ridges at the margin on each side, which
extend a little beyond the margin, and give it a dentate appearance.
Head scarcely protruding beyond the body, dilated at the exterior
angles ; tentacles short, slender, blue, knobbed, and with an eye-spot
at the tip. Head above sky-blue, and also the mantle surrounding the
foot ; margin beneath ochreous. Foot a little more than one-third the
width of the body.
Length, 1 inch; breadth, % inch; height, 4% inch. (Gould.)
Bay of Islands.
According to Gould, this species differs from O. patel/oides in colour,
and in the form, and number of the marginal projections. It is probable
that all three are but varieties of one species.
LIMNATID-E. 29
Sub-Order—Basommatophora.
Eyes sessile. Operculum absent, or present. Aquatic.
FAMILY—LIMNAAIDA.
Radula with numerous quadrate teeth, in transverse rows, the central
minute, the laterals uncinated. Head with a broad short muzzle,
dilated at the end; mouth with a horny upper jaw; tentacles
flattened or filiform, with the eyes sessile at their inner bases. Mantle
margin variously modified ; respiratory orifice at the right side. Foot
flattened, lanceolate, or ovate. Excretory orifices on the left side of
the neck. Shell varied, thin, horn-coloured ; no operculum. Animal
fluviatile, living in the water, but coming to the surface to respire air.
Sub-Family—A neyline.
Shell non-spiral, limpet-like.
Genus, LATIA—Gray.
Shell semi-ovate, spiral of one or more rapidly enlarging whorls; spire
short, posteriorly reclined ; basal margin with a thin, narrow, flat, hori-
zontal lamina, occupying the hind half of the left side, the left hinder
edge bent down, and produced into a broad expansion on the right side.
Eyes on the outer bases of the tentacles.
New Zealand only.
L. neritoides, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 168; Reeve, Conch, Ic. f.
34; Chenu fig. 3573. Pale brown, spirally striated, internal laminze
white, transparent (Gray). Shell ovate, smooth, vertex rather swollen,
produced, olive horny (Reeve.)
Length, ‘25 inch.
Auckland (Sinclair and Geenwood.)
The vertex is said to be more swollen and produced in proportion
to the size of the shell in this species than in the next.
L. lateralis, Gould, U. S. Ex. Ep. xii., p. 153; Reeve, Conch, Ic., f.
35. Shell somewhat squarely ovate, rather depressed, obscurely grooved
at the side; greenish-horny (Reeve.)
Length, *4 inch.
Sub-Family— Limneine.
Shell spiral, more or less elongated, the last whorl large; aperture
oblong.
Genus, PHYSA—Draparnaud.
Tentacles slender, setaceous. Mantle covering part of the shell,
the margin fringed or digitate. Foot long, acuminate behind. Shell
sinistral, oblong, thin, polished ; spire acute ; aperture oval, rounded
anteriorly, not dilated ; inner lip spread over the last whorl, simple in
front ; outer lip acute.
P. wilsoni, Zyvon, Am. Jour. of Conch. ii., p. 109, pl. 2, f. 17.
E
3c LIMNAIDA.
(Limnea.) Sinistral, sub-fusiform, thin, spire elongated, acute ; suture
deeply impressed ; whorls 6, convex, oblique, rapidly increasing in size,
the last narrowly oval ; aperture sub-ovate, half the total length, narrow ;
columella a little twisted and reflected, leaving a narrow, deep umbilicus.
Light amber colour. IL. 1°05, B. ‘4. (Tyron.) An elongated shell,
distinguished by its impressed suture and umbilicus.
P. antipodea, Sowerby ; in Reeves, Conch, Ic. fig. 37 P. variabilis,
Gray, in part. Shell fusiform, inflated, ferruginous brown, opaque,
slightly striated ; spire elevated, whorls convex; last whorl ovate,
swelled in the middle; aperture ovate; columellar fold elevated, a
little obliquely twisted (Sow) ; L. ‘9, B. ‘5 (from the figure.)
Lake Wakatipu, Otago. Lake Takapuna, Auckland.
P. gibbosa, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep. ; Reeves, Conch, Ic. f. 24. Shell
shortly sub-cylindrical, pale straw, very smooth; spire short, conical,
accuminated, last whorl gibbous, or roundly-angular above ; anteriorly
somewhat attenuated; aperture elongated, outer lip rather straight ;
columella plait short, tortuous (Sowerby.) L. °55, B. °33.
P. guyonensis, Woods, Pro. Linn. Soc. of N.S. Wales, iii., p.
138. f/. 13, f 4. Shell sub-umbilicate, ovate, slightly striate, with the
lines of growth only, somewhat shining, opaque, corroded above,
yellowish-horn or olive, more or less sordidly clouded with black ; four
whorls rapidly decreasing, and very much sloping; last much larger
than the rest, and broadly flattened in the middle, with two obsolete
keels in the midst, short, acute; aperture broadly ovate. Peristome
acute, rounded, lip reflected, columella rather thick.
Length, -51 ; breadth, 3 ; aperture, length, -36, breadth, -2; length
of spire, 16 inch. (Woods.)
Lake Guyon, Nelson.
According to Mr. Woods, this species is distinguished from the last
by its colour, and by the double angle on the whorls above and below
the flattened portion. Specimens from the same locality have been
determined by Dr. Dohrn as P. hochstetter?, Dunker, of which I have
seen no description.
P. nove zealandiez, Sowerby; Reeves, Conch, Ic. f. 29. Shell
turbinated, solid, chestnut, smooth; spire conical, whorls roundly-
angular ; last whorl inversely conical, anteriorly somewhat accuminated ;
aperture rather golden ; inner lip strong ; columella fold a little gibbous
at the top (Sow.) L. °8, B. °48.
A distinct species, of which I have seen no specimens. Distin-
guished by the breadth of the body whorl posteriorly.
P. tabulata, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep. xii., p. 116, f 130; Reeve,
Conch, Ic., f- 17. Shell inflated, solid, short, greenish-brown ; spire
obtuse, rather short, whorls rather square, flattened near the suture ;
last whorl large, roundly angular; aperture wide, pale within, slightly
acuminated within ; inner lip strong, columellar fold thick, tortuous.
Remarkable for the flatness of the whorls above the angle (Sowerby.)
Teco} 6:
Bay of Islands. (Gould.)
LIMNZEID. 31
Sub-Genus, Ameria—A dams.
Whorls flattened and angulated or carinated at the posterior part.
Spire short and depressed.
Found in Australia and New Zealand only.
P. variabilis, Gray; Dieff, New Zealand, ii., p. 248. Shell ovate,
spire conical, apex often eroded, whorls ventricose, swollen, and often
flattened and keeled behind.
Length, 1% to 34 inch.
The young shells have an acute spire. Very variable in shape.
(Gray.)
P. moesta, Adams; P.Z.S., 1861, p. 144; Reeve, Conch, Ic. f. 3
Shell obliquely ovate, thin, olive- brown ; spire moderate ;_ whorls 5,
carinated and flattened posteriorly ; ; aperture oval, columella plait
distinct.
Long., 7; diam, 5% lines. (Adams.)
Found in all parts of New Zealand.
Sowerby remarks that it ‘‘ has very close relations with P. tadbulata
(Gould.) The chief difference consists in the rounded. angles of the
whorls in the latter, and the distinct square angles in the former.” But
he describes P. ¢abulata as remarkable for the flatness of the whorls
above the angle.
P. lirata, Woods; Pro. Tin. Soc. of N. S. Wales, iii., p. 138,
plate 13, f- 6. Shell small, imperforate, elongately ovate, shining, sub-
diaphanous, yellowish horn, covered more or less with a sooty perios-
traca ; whorls 4, slopingly spirally and regularly punctately lirate (lire
somewhat distant), carinate above, lines of growth close and very fine ;
spire exsert, acute; aperture elliptic; peristome sharp, very thin; lip
not reflected but twisted, exactly defined and anteriorly produced.
eneth,, 336; (breadth, 2); aperture, length, |-25, breadth, 12);
length of spire, ‘12 inch. (Woods.)
Taieri River.
Not so long nor so inflated as the last. (Woods.)
The proportions given make this a longer shell than either the last
Or the next s(. W..E1.)
P. cumingii, Adams; P.ZS., 1861, p. 144. Shell ovate, thin,
light-brown ; spire short; whorls 4, angulated and flattened at the
posterior part ; aperture sub-ovate, peritreme continuous; columella
plait moderate.
Long, 8; daim., 54% line. (Adams.)
N. Australia and New Zealand. (Cuming.)
Sub-Family—Planorbine.
Shell spiral, .discoidal or depressed, many whorled; aperture
crescentic.
Genus, PLANORBIS—-Guettard.
Tentacles slender, filiform. Foot short, ovate. Shell dextral,
discoidal ; spire depressed ; whorls numerous, visible on both sides ;
32 AURICULID.
aperture crescentic or transversely oval ; peristome thin, incomplete,
the upper margin produced.
P. corinna, Gray; P.ZS., 1849, p. 167; Reeve, Conch, Lc.,
f. 122. Shell depressed, white, above flat, beneath rather concave ;
whorls convex rounded. Like /. adbus of Europe, but not spirally
striated (Gray.)
Auckland. Lake Wakatipu.
FAMILY—AURICULID#.
Radula broad and long; teeth numerous, in slightly bent cross
series ; central tooth narrow, tricuspid, laterals diminishing outwards.
Head ending in a snout ; mouth with a horny upper jaw, and with two
dilated buccal lobes, united above, separate below; tentacles sub-
cylindrical, contractile; eyes sessile at the inner sides of their bases.
Mantle closed, with a thickened margin; respiratory orifice posterior,
on the right side. Sexes united. Shell spiral, covered with a horny
epidermis ; aperture elongate, with strong folds on the inner lip ; outer
lip often dentate. No operculum. Animal lacrustine, usually fre-
quenting salt marshes.
Sub-Genus—-Melampine.
Amphibious, or living in brackish water. Tentacles developed ;
eyes at their inner bases. Shell with the inner lip plicate; outer
straight and acute.
Genus, MELAMPUS— Montfort.
Foot bifid, posteriorly. Shell ovate-conoidal, solid, spire rather
short ; aperture elongated, narrow ; columella distinctly plaited ; body
of last whorl smooth, or furnished with from one to five folds or teeth ;
peristome straight; right margin acute, furnished with transverse
ridges. *
Australia. Indian Archipelago. Philippines. Ceylon. Mauritius.
South Africa. Madeira. West Indies. North and South America.
Polynesia.
M. commodus, Adams; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1854, p. 12; Pfeiffer,
Cat. Auric. Brit. Mus., p. 10. Shell rimate, oblong-ovate, rather solid,
slightly shining ; chestnut ; spire conic, apex pointed ; suture bordered ;
whorls 9, flat, the upper radiately ribbed, the last forming nearly two-
thirds of the total length, rather smooth, somewhat turgid above,
attenuated at its base; slightly gibbous and striated ; aperture nearly
perpendicular, acuminately semi-ovate ; no plait on penultimate whorl ;
columella plait short, oblique, somewhat twisted, forming an indistinct
angle with the peristome, which is simple, straight,; right margin
scarcely arcuate, slightly sinuate, furnished within with three transverse
ridges ; columella margin callous, shining.
* Pfeiffer gives New Zealand as the habitat of Melampus sulcatus Adams ;
but Adams gives no locality ; Cox gives it from Port Jackson.
AURICULID. 33
Length, ‘44 ; breath, :2.—( Pfeiffer. )
New Zealand (Cuming.)
M. zealandicus, Adams ; lc, p. 12; Pfeiffer, lc, p. 17. Shell
rimate, conoidally ovate, rather solid, irregularly striated, slightly
shining, horn coloured brownish: spire conoidal, acutely mucronate ;
suture linear ; whorls nine, flat, the last forming, about two-thirds of
the total length, rather swollen above, somewhat lessened towards the
base, with a swollen tubercule ; aperture perpendicular, narrowly semi-
ovate, rounded in front ; one middle-sized, rather transverse plait on
the last whorl ; columella plait obliquely produced to the margin ;
peristome acute, bordered with brown ; right margin furnished with a
white callus, “aie sends off eight or nine short ridges; columella
margin slighty thickened.
Length, -35; breadth, -2—( Pfeiffer.)
New Zealand (Cuming.) Auckland.
Genus, TRALIA—Gray.
Foot posteriorly acute, entire. Shell ovate, smooth ; spire elevated ;
aperture narrow, dilated anteriorly : inner lip usually with three oblique
plaits ; outer lip acute, sinuated posteriorly ; ely with one or
more transverse elevated ridges.
T. costellaris, Adams, 1.c., p. 12; Pfeiffer, Lc. p. 393; Auricula
sealandie, Ltector, Cat. Col. Mus., ESTO, £1198 ( name only.) Shell
rimate, ovato-conic, solid, ribbed longitudinally, brown, with irregular
pale streaks ; spire conic, blunt ; suture irregularly impressed ; ; whorls
five or six, the upper ones flat or rather excavated, the last forming
about four-sevenths of the total length, very obsoletely angled, and
girdled with a pale line at its upper circumference, somewhat tubercu-
late at the base; aperture nearly perpendicular, sinuately ovate ; parietal
plait one, strong, deep, rather transverse; columella plait a little smaller,
produced externally ; peristome blunt; mght margin sinuated above,
then thickened by an internal deposit ; columellar margin dilated,
rather adnate.
Length, -47 ; breadth, -26.—( Pfeifer. )
New Zealand (Strange.) Auckland.
T. adamsianus, Pfeiffer, Cat. Auric., Brit. Mus. p. 17. Shell
sub-rimate, ovato-oblong, rather solid, smooth, blackish green; spire
convexly conical, pointed ; suture linear « ori nine, flat, the upper
ones somewhat plaited, the last forming two-thirds of ine fora length,
indistinctly angled above, marked near the suture with one larger and
several narrow pale bands, regularly sculptured with striw of growth,
rounded in front ; aperture nearly perpendicular, narrowly semi-ovate ;
one middle- sized, compressed, transverse plait on the last whorl ;
columella plait oblique, produced outwards; peristome straight,
bordered with white; rnght margin sinuate above, furnished within
with six or seven short white ndges ; columella margin callous, slightly
dilated.
34 AURICULIDA.
Length, :4; breadth, :2.—( Pfeiffer.)
New Zealand (Cuming.) N. Australia and New Caledonia
(Brazier Chevert Expedition).
Genus, OPHICARDELUS—Beck.
Shell ovato-oblong, umbilicated, smooth ; spire elevated, sub-conic ;
aperture oval; inner lip anteriorly dilated and reflexed, with two plaits
at the fore part, the posterior spiral forming an elevated ridge round the
umbilical region ; outer lip thin, simple.
Australia and New Zealand.
O. australis, Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Ast. i., p. 169, pl. 13, f- 34-
38. Shell imperforate, ovate-conic, rather solid, almost smooth, greenish
horn-colored, generally with brownish bands ; spire elongated, conic,
pointed, often eroded ; suture linear; whorls 9, flat, sculptured “Hea
slight arcuate striz near the suture, the last forming about three-fifths of
the total length; convex, attenuated at the base ; aperture rather oblique,
semi-ovate ; parietal plait one, horizontal, produced externally into an
obtuse keel surrounding the umbilical region ; columellar plait oblique,
reaching the margin of the aperture; peristome sharp ; right margin
smooth, dilated above in front ; basal margin rather expanded.
Length, “6 breadth, -3. (Pfr).
Auckland. Australia and ‘Tasmania.
Genus, MARINULA—King.
Foot simple inferiorly, without a transverse groove. Shell ovato-
oblong, imperforate, solid, smooth ; spire short, acute; aperture obovate ;
inner lip broad, excavated, with three plaits, the posterior the largest ;
outer lip posteriorily sinuated, internally simple, the margin acute.
M. filholi, Hutton; Jour. de Conch xxvi, ~. 42. Ovato-oblong,
smooth, spire short ; ; inner lip with three plaits, the posterior of which is
much the largest, and the anterior the smallest. Outer lip without plaits.
Pale purplish brown, plaits white.
Length, -35 ; breadth, <2.
Auckland and Massacre Bay. P
Genus, LEUCONIA—Gray.
Foot divided inferiorly by a transverse groove. Shell ovate oblong,
imperforate, smooth ; spire conical ; aperture elongate, oval ; inner lip
with two plaits anteriorly ; ; outer lip smooth internally, the margin simple,
acute.
L. obsoleta, Hutton ; Jour. de Conch xxvi., p. 42. Small, thin,
semi-transparent. White, with a thin brownish epidermis. Whorls 4,
very finely spirally striated in young shells. Columella rather flattened,
anterior Bia of the inner lip almost obsolete.
Length,
Beeinad
AMPHIBOLID&. 25
FAMILY—AM PHIBOLID.
Radula tongue shaped, teeth in curved transverse lines. Central
tooth cuspidate at the sides, lateral uncinated. Pulmonary opening on
the right side. Sexes united. . Tentacles two, small, flattened, triangular.
Eyes sessile at the base of the tentacles. Shell with a horny operculum.
Genus, AMPHIBOLA—Schumacheyr.
Shell sub-globose, solid, rugose, umbilicated; spire depressed ;
aperture semicircular; columella flattened and reflected, outer lip with
a posterior sinus.
Australia. Polynesia.
A. avellana, Chemnitz; Gray, Dieff. N.Z, ii., p. 248; Wood-
ward's Manual of the Mollusca, pl. 9, f. 335 Chenu, f. 3575. Sub-
orbicular, rather thick ; whorls angled and flattened behind, transversely
rugosely plicate ; spire very short. Yellowish or reddish brown, gener-
ally more or less purple on the spire and keel; interior brownish purple;
mouth white.
Axis, ‘8; breadth, -g5.
Auckland to Dunedin. New Caledonia (Cox. Exchange list, p. 37).
Quoy makes two varieties. A larger, 1 inch g lines in diameter with
the spire less pointed, strize shallower, and the interior a deep purple,
passing after death into brown ; and a smaller, 11 lines in diameter,
rougher, spire more pointed, and yellowish in color. For the anatomy
of this species see Hutton A. N. H., 1879, series 5, vol. 3, page 181.
A. quoyana, ote: ¢t ee Galerte des Mollusques, 1838,
p- 288, pl. 1,28, f 17-18. This species resembles A fragilis, Q. and G.,
but is smaller, smoother, and painted with zig-zag brown lines. Its
length is 8 lines. It is common in S. Australia, and is found all up the
east coast of Australia as far as Brisbane (see MacGillivray, Voy. Rattle-
snake, 11., p. 362.) ‘Tenison-Woods also quotes it from Tasmania. ‘The
New Zealand habitat must, I think, be an error. Fora drawing of A.
fragilis, see Chenu, f. 3576.
FAMILY—SIPHONARIID:.
Radula broad, rather long ; teeth numerous, equal, in slightly arched
transverse lines ; central tooth narrow, elongated, with a small rhombic
apex; lateral teeth larger, diverging, gradually diminishing in size
outwards. Head with a large frontal disc, bilobed in front, and formed
by the expanded tentacles ; eyes sessile on the outer side of the disc.
Respiratory orifice covered by a large fleshy lobe of the mantle; a gill
in the pulmonary cavity. Shell conical, patelliform, with an internal
groove on the nght side. No operculum. Marine.
Genus, SIPHONARIA —Blainville.
Apex sub-central, posterior ; muscular impression horse-shoe shaped,
divided on the right side by a deep siphonal groove, which produces a
slight projection on the margin.
36 SIPHONARIID®.
South Africa. India. Phillipines. Australia. West Coast of South
America, Pacific Islands.
S. obliquata, Sowerby; Reeve, Conch, Ic, f. 12; S. scutellum,
Deshayes. Shell ovately oblong, rather depressed, radiately crookedly
ridged, vertex uncinate. Ash-brown (Reeve.)
Dunedin. Chatham Islands.
This is a large species flattened on the left side. The vertex is
rarely uncinate.
S. sipho, Sowerby; Reeve; Conch., Ic., No. 9; S. exigua, Sow. ;
S. crebricostata Nuttall; S. albicans, zealandica, acuta, punctata, and
plicata, Quoy and Gaimard ; S. tnculta, Gould. Shell somewhat acutely
conical, balanus-shaped, variously radiately ribbed and ridged ; nbs and
ridges opaque white ; interstices purple brown. (Reeve.)
Philippine Islands. Indian Archipelago. Mauritius. Tonga.
Chatham Islands. Auckland to Dunedin.
This common species is very variable in its form and colour. Pro-
bably the next is identical with it.
S. cancer, Reeve ; Conch, Ic., f. 7. Shell somewhat oblong-ovate,
convexly depressed, very irregular, radiately ribbed ; ribs strong, rude,
sub-corrugate, the three next the siphon distant. Dull purple brown.—
(Reeve. )
Cuming says that this species is from Formosa (P.Z.S., 1865,
D: 197 -) :
S. australis, Quoy, Zc, ii., p. 329, Al 25, f. 32-34. Elongato-
ovate, rather convex, with about thirty radiating ribs, apex posterior ;
ribs unequal, undulating, yellowish white ; the grooves reddish brown ;
interior flulvous, marked with white and reddish brown on the margin.
Length, 7 lines; breadth, 5 lines; height, 3 lines. (Quoy.)
Cooks Strait, on sea-weed.
S. spinosa, Reeve; Conch., Ic., f- 32. Shell ovate, rather
depressed, apex laterally uncinate, radiately ribbed, nbs rather narrow,
profusely squamately spined. Yellowish white.—/( 7eeve. )
S. redimiculum, Reeve; Conch., Ic, fig. 24? Shell rather
depressed, oblong ; apex posterior, twisted to the left. With small,
rather distant and somewhat undulating, radiating ribs, crossed by fine
concentric strie. Interior dark purple; exterior covered by a brown
horny epidermis.
Length, ‘9 ; breadth, *65.
Auckland Islands.
The apex is not quite so much twisted as in Reeve’s figure, and the
ribbing is of a different character, but these may be errors of the
artist.
FAMILY—GADINIIDE.
Head distinct, flattened ; tentacles expanded, funnel-shaped. Pul-
monary cavity with a single gill placed obliquely across the back of
the neck. Foot flat, thin, simple.
CYCLOPHORID. 37
Genus, GADINIA—Gray.
Shell conical, muscular impression horse-shoe shaped, the right side
shortest, terminating at the siphonal groove, which is in front of the
right side of the muscular scar. Apex sub-central.
G. nivea, Hutton ; Jour. de Conch, xxvi, p. 36. Irregularly oval,
white ; with about forty sharp radiating ridges, crossed by concentric
lines of growth.
Length, ‘8; breadth, °7.
Otago.
The animal of this species has not yet been examined.
ORDER—BRANCHIATA.
Respiration, aerial or aquatic; larva with a conspicuous velum;
intestine with a heemal flexure or straight.
Sub-Order—Prosobranchiata..
Shelled gasteropoda, with the gills in front of the heart. Dicecious.
DIvis1oN—NEUROBRANCHIATA.
Terrestrial or aquatic, dicecious, operculigerous, breathing air by a
vascular net-work on the roof of the mantle cavity, which is open in
front ; tentacles two, non-retractile, behind, or at the base of which, are
the eyes ; penis anterior.
FAMILY—CYCLOPHORID.
Eyes on the side of the head, at the outer bases of the tentacles.
Foot elongate. Radula narrow, with seven rows of recurved, hooked
teeth. Head, probosidiform ; tentacles subulate. Operculum distinctly
spiral, horny.
Genus, CYCLOPHORUS--Montfort.
Shell globosely turbinated, depressed or discoidal, usually widely
umbilicated ; aperture circular; peristome continuous, straight or ex-
panded. Operculum orbicular, of many gradually enlarging whorls ;
nucleus central.
C. lignarius, Pfeiffer; P.Z.S., 1857, p. 112, Cyclophorus lignartus,
Pfr. M. Pn. V., Suppl. 1, p. 44; Suppl. 2, p.64, No. 24; Reeve, f. 94.
Shell narrowly umbilicated, turbinated, rather thin, obliquely irregularly
striated, rufous, covered with an opaque woody epidermis ; spire conical,
rather acute ; whorls 5~5 14, convex, the last flatter at the base ; aperture
diagonal, ovately-rotund ; peristome double ; the outer one membran-
aceous, narrowly expanded, excised at the adjoining whorl. — Opere. (?)
Pfr.)
! Diam., greatest, ‘2; least, 15; height, -16. Aperture, length, ‘r.
GC. cytora, Gray ; P.Z.S., 1849, p. 67 ; Cat. Cycloph., p. 23, No.
Sopa neh. Vs, ol. tp, 805 Suppl. 2. Pia 71, WVo. 12.) / Shell
F
38 CYCLOPHORID&.
minute, trochiform, rather solid, brown, closely and uniformly spirally -
striated, crossed by slight wrinkles; spire conical, nearly as high as
broad, with the apex sub-acute; whorls 514, moderately convex, the
last rounded and convex in front; aperture diagonal, nearly circular ;
peristome simple, straight, thickened internally, with the margins approxi-
mate, united by a thin callus. Operculum horny, of a few rapidly
enlarging whorls.
Height, o'08 ; breadth, o'r inch. (Pfr.)
Auckland (Greenwood).
Genus, PAXILLUS—Adams.
Shell pupiform, rimate, smooth; spire accuminated ; aperture semi-
ovate, ascending on the body whorl; inner lip adnate, spreading, flexuous,
with a prominent tooth like fold in the middle; outer lip double,
emarginate anteriorly ; umbilical region with a spiral elevated ridge
ending in a notch at the fore part of the aperture. Operculum orbicular,
of many gradually enlarging whorls; nucleus central.
Borneo.
P. peregrina, Gould; Pro. Bost. Soc., 1848; Ex. Ep., fig. 105 ;
Pfr, M.H.V., vol.3, p. 583; vol. 6, p. 395, Wo. 11. Shell small, sinis-
tral, elongated, sub-fusiform, solid, opaque, rufous-cinerous, hardly
striated, perforated ; spire mamillated at the apex; whorls 8, flattened,
sub-tabulated ; suture linear, deep ; aperture sub-quadrate ; peristome
entire, equal, slightly reflexed.
Length, 34; diam., 1-roth of an inch. (Pfr.)
New Zealand.
Genus, DIPLOMMANTINA—Benson.
Tentacles long and filiform ; eyes sessile on their posterior part at
the base. Foot short. Operculum thin, shelly ; whorls few, with thin
prominent lamellae on their external edges. Shell thin, sub-ovate ;
whorls convex, the last sub-ascendent ; aperture sub-circular ; inner lip
with a spiral fold; peristome double ; outer lip expanded.
India. Australia.
D. chordata, Pfeiffer; P.Z.S., 1855, p. 105; M. Pn. V., Suppl. 1,
p. 12; Suppl. 2, p. 11, Mo. 13. Shell sinistral, deeply rimated, sub-
fusiform, thin, smooth, strengthened with somewhat distant cord-shaped
ribs, diaphanous, waxy-whitish ; spire ovately-conical, apex acute ;
whorls 7, convex, the last attenuated, ascending anteriorly ; aperture
slightly oblique, sub-circular ; peristome double ; the inner one con-
tinuous, shortly adnate, otherwise rather expanded; the outer one
shortly spread out.
Length, :16 ; diam. ‘o8 ; aperture, length, ‘06. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Strange.) Variety, Lord Howe’s Island (Mac-
Gillivray.)
CYCLOPHORID. 39
Genus, REALIA—Gray.
Shell perforated, turreted, thin, rather smooth; aperture ovate ;
peristome continuous, double.
R. hochstetteri, Pfeffer; Malak. Bl, viii., 1861, p. 149; VW.
Pn. V., Suppl. 2, p. 170, Wo. 1. Shell perforated, ovately-turreted,
rather solid, somewhat closely plaited, fuscous ; spire convexly turreted,
rather acute at the crown ; suture inconsiderable, bound with a thread-
like margin ; whorls 7%, slightly convex, the last nearly equalling one-
third of the léngth of the shell, below the middle sub-acutely carinated
with a thread-like carination, strengthened about the perforation with
another small keel; aperture vertical, ovately-rotund, sub-angulated
above ; peristome double ; the inner one scarcely porrected ; the outer
one broadly expanded, concentrically striated, narrow and adnate at the
contiguous whorl.
Length, °36 ; diam., ‘16 ; aperture, length, -1. (Pfr.)
Bay of Islands (Hochstetter.)
R. egea, Gray; P.Z.S.. 1849, p. 167; Cat. Cycloph, p. 64, No. 9;
Tite EMV. SUPPL, 1, Ps 152 3 SUPPL, 2, fp. 170, Uo. 25 -“sub=
perforate, turreted, rather solid, covered with a distantly folded fuscous
scarcely shining periostraca ; apex rather pointed; suture middle,
folded ; whorls 614, moderately convex, last obtusely keeled, painted
below the keel with a dark chestnut-coloured band ; aperture somewhat
oblique, ovate ; inner edge of peristome continuous, slightly expanded,
angled above ; outer edge somewhat interrupted, dilated, bell-shaped,
incurved.
Length, °35 ; breadth, +16 inch. (Pfr.)
Auckland (Greenwood. )
Re turriculata,. leper; P-ZS., 31854, 2. 304; M. Pn. V,
Suppl. 1, p. 1533; Suppl. 2, p. 170, Wo. 3. Shell sub-perforated, slender,
turreted, rather solid, finely striated, a little shining, blackish, marked
with a pale band at the basal portion, or ornamented with angular
alternating black-chestnut.and yellowish. white streaks, becoming blackish
towards the base ; spire elongate, rather obtuse at the apex ; whorls
7-7 %, moderately convex, the last nearly equalling one-third the length
of the shell, obscurely sub-angulated beneath ; apex vertical, angularly-
oval ; peristome continuous, double ; the inner one shortly porrected ;
the outer one narrowly expanded, inflexed.
Length, -36 ; diam., ‘14 ; aperture, length, ‘12 (Pfr.)
New Zealand.
R. carinella, Pfeffer; Malak. Bi, viii., 1861, p. 150; AZ Pn.
V., Suppl. 2, p. 170, No. 4. Shell perforated, turreted, rather solid,
obliquely striated with small plait-like strie, brown, faintly-marbled ;
spire elongated, apex somewhat obtuse ; suture margined with a thread-
like edging ; whorls 7, slightly convex, the last scarcely exceeding one-
third of the entire length of shell, carinated and strengthened about the
perforation with a compressed crest-like appendage ; aperture vertical,
40 ASSIMINIID.
oval, angulated above; peristome fuscuous, double ; the internal one
continuous ; the external narrowed at the penultimate whorl, in other
respects, opened, slightly reflexed.
Length, -27 ; diam., ‘13; aperture, length, ‘08. (Pfr.)
Drury. ‘Taupiri (Hochstetter.)
Genus, OMPHALOTROPIS—Pfeiffer.
Operculum thin, horny, few whorled. Shell perforated, or narrowly
umbilicated, turreted, or globosely-turbinated, keeled around the
perforation ; aperture oval; peristome disconnected, straight or ex-
panded.
O. vestita, Pfeiffer; P.Z.S., 1855, p. 106; A, Pn. V., Suppl. 1,
p. 166 ; Omphalotropis vestita, Pfr, M. Pn. V., Suppl. 2, p. 179, Wo.
30. Shell perforated, oblongly-conical, thin, striated and spirally closely
ridged, covered with a somewhat fuscuous epidermis ; spire pyramidical,
rather acute ; whorls 6, flat, the last armed below the middle with an
acute keel, and about the perforation with a second ; aperture hardly
oblique, sub-angularly oval; peristome simple, straight, margins con-
verging. Operculum fuscous.
Length ‘2; diam., ‘12 ; aperture, length, ‘08. (Pfr.)
New Zealand.
FAMILY—ASSIMINIID/:.
Foot moderate, flat. Lingual teeth 7-5 cusped, the first and second
uncini dentated, the third rounded. Head rostrate, produced and
emarginate anteriorly ; eyes on the middle of the tentacles, near the
tip. Shell covered with a horny epidermis. Operculum horny, sub-
spiral.
Genus, ASSIMINEA—Leach
Tentacles short, obtuse, with the eyes near the ends. Operculum
horny of few rapidly increasing whorls. Shell ovato-conical, with the
spire more or less produced ; whorls flattened ; axis not perforate, or
slightly rimate ; aperture ovate, entire, columellar lip thickened, outer
lip acute.
Europe. India. Tasmania. Polynesia.
In this genus the body is small, and the head produced into a
ringed muzzle. The foot is large, broad in front, short and rather
obtuse behind. Amphibious, generally in brackish water.
A. purchasi, Pfeifer; P.Z.S., 1861, p. 150; M. Pn. V., Suppl.
2, p. 172, No. 13 (Hydrocena.) Shell sub-perforated, turriculated,
somewhat smooth, translucid, horny-fuscous ; spire conical, rather
obtuse ; whorls 5, convex, the last slightly exceeding one-third of the
entire length of shell; aperture a little oblique, sub-circular ; peristome
simple, straight, very shortly interrupted at the contiguous whorl, left
margin slightly reflexed. ~
Length, *o8);"diam., “o4. ((Pit:)
CONID. 41
Bay of Islands. New Zealand. (Purchas, Hochstetter).
The animal belonging to this shell has not yet been examined, and
it is therefore impossible to say whether it is an Ass?minca or a Hydro-
cena which belongs to the last family. For a figure of the dentition of
Assiminea, see Ann. Nat. Hist., 3rd series, il., pl. 3, f. 12.
DIVISION—CTENOBRANCHIATA.
Gills two, one generally rudimentary, pectinate, in the mantle cavity ;
penis present ; never ripidoglossal; upper wall of respiratory cavity
generally produced into a siphon.
SECTION—-SIPHONOSTOMATA.
Peritreme notched or produced anteriorly into a canal corresponding
to the siphon of the mantle. Carnivorous.
Sub-Section— Toxoglossa.
Radula 1.0.1, no rachis teeth, but an intermediate and a lateral
row. '
FAMILY—CONID.
Head with a produced tubular veil; tentacles subulate ; eyes on
bulgings or slight truncatures on the outer side of the tentacles. Mantle
enclosed, with an elongated siphon at the fore part. Foot simple, un-
divided, oblong, with a conspicuous aquiferous pore on the middle of the
under surface. Teeth subulate, in two series, on a tubular prolongation
of the retractile proboscis, and with a bundle of sharp subulate teeth at
the extremity.
Genus, CONUS—Linneus.
Shell conical, tapering regularly ; spire short or depressed ; aperture
long and narrow, emarginate anteriorly. Operculum minute, nucleus
apical.
GC. zealandicus, Hutton; C.M.M. p. 23. Shell turbinate, spire
short, conical ; body whorl with distant spiral strize, which at the anterior
end are elevated ; spire whorls spirally grooved. Pale cinnamon brown,
the spiral strize darker ; posterior edge of body whorl white with chestnut
spots, anterior portion of body whorl varied with white, forming an
irregular spiral band before the middle ; spire whorls with small chestnut
spots.
: Length, ‘6 ; breadth, -3 ; angle of spire, 83°.
Allied to C. anemone, Lamark, from Australia.
A single specimen from the Bay of Islands, is in the Wellington
Museum.
FAMILY—TEREBRID&.
Radula rudimentary. ‘Tentacles very small or wanting ; eyes on the
tips of the tentacles or wanting. Mantle enclosed with an elongated
siphon. Operculum ovate, pointed, nucieus apical. Shell dense solid
turreted ; aperture with an oblique notch in front; outer lip thin not
variced.
42 TEREBRID.
Genus, ACUS—Humphrey.
Eyes on the tips of the short tentacles. Shell subulate, whorls
numerous, simple; aperture elongate, emarginate anteriorly, not produced
into a canal; columella simple, incurved, not tortuous ; outer lip simple,
acute, without a sinus at the fore part.
A. kirki, Hutton, CMM, p. 27 (Cerithium). Whorls flatish,
smooth, polished, transversely plicated ; body whorl small ; mouth oval,
columella smooth, straight ; canal short, slightly bent to the left. Greyish
black, greyish, or yellowish white, spirally banded near the mouth with
purplish brown.
Length, °8; breadth, -22; angle of spire, 18°.
Auckland to Dunedin.
Dr. v Martens thinks that this may be identical with 7: calgznosa,
Desh (Reeve, Conch Ic. f. 100) from the Philippine Islands.
FAMILY—PLEUROTOMID:.
Teeth elongate, subulate. Mantle with a slit in the hinder part of
the right side; siphon straight. Shell turreted, sub-fusiform ; aperture
with the fore part channelled, straight, and often much produced ; outer
lip detached at the hind part from the body whorl, forming a sinus, or
with the margin fissured near the last whorl.
Genus, PLEUROTOMA—Montf.
Tentacles wide apart ; eyes at their outer bases. Shell turreted, fusi-
form ; spire elevated, aperture oval ; canal long and straight ; columella
smooth ; outer lip notched anteriorly, and with a deep slit near the
suture. Operculum ovate, acute, nucleus apical.
P. buchanani, Hutton; Cat. Ter. Moll. of N.Z, p. 4. Shell
fusiform, elongated ; spire acute ; whorls carinated, with fine spiral lines,
and obliquely plicated anteriorly ; posterior part smooth, concave, with
a slight ridge at the suture ; aperture oval ; canal produced ; body whorl
longer than the spire.
Axis, ‘85 ; breadth, ‘27 ; angle of spire, 30°.
Auckland.
P. trailli, Hutton; CALM. p. 11. Spire acute, with broad, shallow,
spiral grooves, and prominent transverse ribs on the central and anterior
portions of the whorls ; posterior margin, near the suture, flat ; aperture
oval, canal short. Yellowish brown ; body whorl shorter than the spire.
Length, 1°1 ; breadth, :4; angle of spire, 28°.
Stewart Island, 24 fathoms.
I once thought that this was the same as /. d@tica, Reeve, but I now
doubt it.
PLEUROTOMID, 43
P. zealandica, Smith, Ann. Nat. Hist., 1877, p. 492. Shell
strong ovato-turreted, flesh-white ; spire acuminate, tapering gradually,
apex brownish ; whorls ro, first 2% polished, vitreous, convex, the rest
slightly convex, keeled above with the slope level (the tabulations strongly
radiately striated), impressed with 2—3 sulci (the upper large, obliquely
strongly striated). Body whorls large somewhat inflated, contracted to-
wards the base ; ornamented with about twelve strong sulci, longitudinally
striated ; aperture dusky, large; columella darkish, arched in the mid-
dle, oblique below, the lip forming a slightly recurved, short canal ;
caudal keel small, set round with dusky ; slit rather broad, not deep,
situated slightly above the middle of the lip. (Smith).
Length ‘9 ; diameter, *36 inch.
Remarkable for the tabulated whorls, the tabulations being very
strongly radiately striated, and sometimes furnished with a spiral liration,
and the conspicuous sulcations encircling the body-whorl. The slit in
the labrum is situated just below the broad furrow which grooves the
upper parts of the whorls.
P. antipodum, Smith; Ann. Nat. Hist., gth ser., xix, p. 491.
Shell small, fusiform, pale flesh-brown, with transverse white keels, and
between the keels very finely longitudinally lirated ; whorls 7%, the
first 2% polished, smooth, the following four above at the suture
doubly keeled, and slightly below the middle another, distant, larger
one. Body whorl large, contracted towards the base, with about nine
principal and about six smaller keels; aperture oblong contracted
below, smooth inside, about half the entire length; lip thin, margin
hardly crenulated, above the keel a broad but shallow incision ;
columella tortuous, callous, shining ; canal short, re-curved.
Length, *4; diam., ‘16 inch. (Smith.)
Perhaps the same as the next species.
P. albula, Hutton. C..M. p. 12. Spire acute ; whorls spirally
grooved, and with a central prominent spiral rib ; smooth ; aperture
oblong, canal very short ; body whorl as long as the spire. Ochraceous
white ; apex and columella white.
Length, 35 ; breadth, 15 ; angle of spire, 30°.
Stewart Island to Auckland.
In this species there are 74% whorls, and the grooves are finely
transversely striated.
Genus, DRILLIA—Gray.
Tentacles approximated ; eyes at their outer side, near the tip.
Shell turreted, spire raised; aperture oval; canal short, re-curved ;
inner lip thickened ; outer lip inflexed, with a deep posterior sinus, and
a small sinus at the fore part ; operculum ovate, acute; nucleus
apical.
D. novee zealandiee, Reeve ; Conch., Ic, f- 143; P. rosea, Quoy,
Le, u., p. 524, Pl 35, f. 10-11 ; not of Sowerby. Spire acute ; whorls
flattened, spirallystriated, those of the spire transversely finely ribbed ; ribs
44 PLEUROTOMID&.
interrupted in the middle, those on the anterior part of the whorls
oblique ; body whorl finely spirally and transversely striated ; sub-
nodulose near the suture; aperture oblong, canal short ; body whorl
rather longer than the spire. Pale rosy white.
Length, 1°12 ; breadth, ‘4; angle of spire, 25°.
Omaha to Stewart Island.
D. levis, Hutton, CMM, p. 12. Spire acute ; whorls smooth,
with median transverse ribs, which are flatter on the body whorl ;
aperture oblong, fissure deep, close to the suture; canal very short ;
body whorl shorter than the spire; pale yellow brown, with a broad
spiral band of pink down the centre of the whorls, across the ribs ;
mouth and columella white, shading off into pink.
Length, 75 ; breadth, -28; anyle of spire, 30°.
Stewart Island.
D. maorum, Smith; Ann. Nat. His., ath sertes, xix., (1877), p.
497. Shell fusiform, turreted, pale rose colour, between the ribs
especially about the middle some brown strigze; whorls 8%, the first
1% convex, smooth, afterwards but slightly convex, spirally lirated,
the others concavely excavated above, margined near the suture, then
rather convex, with crowded obsolete ribs, rather oblique above at the
excavation (sixteen in the last whorl, vanishing near the middle), spiral
liree seven, three about the middle smaller than the others; last whorl with
about fifteen lirae; the middle ones rather distant, produced below into a
somewhat elongated canal; aperture elongated, its length scarcely
exceeding three-sevenths of the total; canal sub-elongated, narrow ;
sinus moderate, situated in the excavation. (Smith.)
Length, 83 ; diam., ‘26 inch.
Differs from D. nove-zealandie in the form of the whorls, the
elongate canal, and different position of the sinus.
D. emula, Angas; P.Z.S., 7877, p. 36, pl. 5, f. 9 (variety from
New Zealand.) Shell elongately ovately-fusiform, purplish brown ;
whorls 10, strongly carinated a little below the sutures, and sharply
angulated in the middle, below which descend irregular longitudinal
ribs, nodulose at the angle, strongly transversely ridged below the angle,
and more finely above ; the upper space between the angle and the
suture being crossed with delicate crescent-shaped descending striz ;
spire sharp ; aperture elongately ovate ; outer lip simple, a little con-
tracted below; posterior sinus moderate; canal short, scarcely re-
curved. (Angas.)
Length, 1 inch; breadth, 4 lines (New South Wales.)
Two specimens from New Zealand have the ribs and nodulous
sculpture more prominent than in the type. There are also (in the
British Museum) two examples of a variety of a uniform dull yellow
colours. (G. HAs)
D. cheesemani, Hutton ; Jour. de Conch., 1878, p. 16. Ovato- °
fusiform ; spire acute, of 9 whorls. Whorls rather angled, suture well
marked ; spire whorls smooth in front, obliquely striated behind ; body
PLEUROTOMID. 45
whorl equal to or rather longer than the spire ; a smooth band at the
sinus, behind which it is obliquely striated, and in front spirally ribbed ;
the interstices finely transversely striated ; nine or ten ribs on the outer
lip in front of the smooth band ; canal very short ; pale brown.
Length, -75; breadth, ‘35.
Auckland.
Genus, LACHESIS—Risso.
Shell strong, turreted, many whorled, the last whorl not very large ;
surface crossed by longitudinal ribs and transverse striae ; apex of spire
mammilated ; aperture oval; canal very short, straight, not recurved ;
outer lip slightly thickened externally, crenated internally ; operculum
ovate, acute, nucleus apical.
L. sulcata, Hutton; C.M.M., p. 12. Body whorl about as long
as the spire; whorls rather flattened, deeply distantly spirally grooved,
about eight on the body whorl; outer lip thickened; reddish brown,
sometimes variegated with white.
Length, -35 ; breadth, 15.
Stewart Island.
Genus, DEFRANCHIA—Millet.
Shell turreted fusiform ; spire elevated, whorls cancellated ; aperture
oval; canal short ; outer lip with a slight emargination, or sinus at its
junction with the body whorl; operculum none.
D. luteo-fasciata, Reeve; P.Z.S. 1845, p. 114; Conch. Ic. f. 239.
Spire acute, as long as the’ body whorl ; transversely ribbed, and finely
spirally striated ; columella smooth ; pale brown or purplish brown, with
a spiral pale band.
Length, :43 ; breadth, ‘17.
Stewart Island to Auckland. Chatham Islands.
Genus, DAPHNELLA—Hinds.
Shell fusiform, thin, fragile, surface usually striated ; spire elevated,
last whorl elongated ; aperture oblong-oval, slightly channelled in front ;
columella simple ; outer lip acute, separated from the last whorl so as to
leave a sinus.
D. cancellata, Hutton; Jour. de Conch., 1878, p. 18. Fusiform,
thin, finely cancellated ; spire acute; aperture oblong, slightly channelled
in front; and with a slight posterior sinus; yellowish-white, slightly
blotched with brown.
Length, -5 ; breadth, -2.
Auckland.
FAMILY—-CANCELLARIID.
Radula obsolete. Rostrum very short ; tentacles wide apart with the
eyes on the outer sides near their bases ; foot small, triangular. Mantle
enclosed, with a rudimentary siphonal fold ; operculum none.
G
46 CANCELLARIID.
Genus, CANCELLARIA—Lamark..
Shell oval, cancellated, ribbed, or reticulated, last whorl ventricose ;
aperture oblong, channelled in front ; canal short, sometimes recurved ;
columella with several strong oblique plaits.
C. trailli, Hutton; C.M.M,, p. 26. Shell small, thin, oval ; spire
short, whorls angled ; the entire shell very finely cancellated ; columella
with three oblique folds ; outer lip slightly crenate ; white.
Length, ‘25; breadth, ‘17; angle of spire, 70°.
Stewart Island.
GC. ampullacera, Zesson; Ann. d. Sct. Nat., sertes 2, vol. 16, p. 253.
Shell sub-elongated, globosly keeled; spire acute, thickish, suture de-
pressed, excavated ; whorls 5, the last larger, three keeled, all with
regular eminences; shell grey, umbilicus cylindrical; aperture white,
lip acute, columella broad, with two folds ; canal inflexed.
Height, 16 lines ; breadth, 15 lines.
New Zealand (?) (Lesson.)
Locality doubtful; brought to France by the frigate Thetis, from
the South Seas.
Sub-Section—Hamislossa.
Teeth, 1.1.1., with rachis plates, and one row of lateral teeth ; head
small with an elongated retractile proboscis ; tentacles close together at
the base, or united by a veil over the base of the proboscis ; eyes sessile,
on the outer bases of the tentacles.
FAMILY—MURICID.
Rachis teeth broad ; laterals versatile, flat with a bent up process at
the end, more or less at right angles with the base; mantle enclosed,
the margins producing varices at intervals across the shell, and extending
in front forming a straight more or less elongated siphon ; foot broad,
simple in front ; shell spiral, often turreted, more or less extended at
the fore part into a straight siphonal canal.
Sub-Family— Murine.
Operculum ovate, nucleus sub-apical, within the apex ; shell with
the spire usually as long as the aperture, the surface rough, or with the
varices well developed.
Genus, MUREX—Linneus.
Shell ovate ; spire rather short, with three or more rounded or spinose
varices on each whorl; aperture ovate, often small; canal elongate,
straight or bent, tubular, generally spinose ; operculum horny.
M. zealandicus, Qwoy, Voy. Astrolabe, ii. p. 529, Pl. 36,f 5-73
Gray, Dief. N.Z., ii. p: 229; Reeve, Conch. Ic. f. 177. Shell globose,
rather thin ; whorls angulated ; varices on the spire whorls with a single
spine, those on the body whorl with five or six half-closed hollow spines,
the posterior one being considerably the longest ; these spines are bent
MURICID. 47
shghtly backwards, and more strongly to the left ; spire produced, acute;
aperture ovate ; canal produced, half-closed, bent backwards; spinose
with the remains of the old beaks ; yellowish or pinkish white ; interior
white.
Length, 2 inches; breadth, 1‘o inch; angle of spire, 53°.
North Island, as far south as Wellington.
Animal yellowish white, tentacles reticulated with white. (Quoy.)
M. octogonus, Quoy, Zc. u., p. 531, pl. 36, f 8-9; Reeve, Conch.
Le. f. 1343 Gray, lc, p. 229. Whorls spirally grooved ; varices eight or
nine, each carrying two or three spines on the spire whorls, and seven
to thirteen on the body whorl; spines strongly recurved ; spire produced;
aperture ovate; outer lip grooved; canal produced, nearly closed,
slightly recurved, spinose with the remains of the old beaks; reddish
white, ribs reddish brown, often stained olivaceous brown, interior white,
tinted with violet.
Length, 2°25; breadth, 1; angle of spire, 45°.
Omaha to Cook Strait.
Mantle reddish ; foot white below, yellow on the sides with delicate
reddish strize, which are also on the head and tentacles. (Quoy.)
M. angasi, Crosse, (Zyphis); Jour. Conch., xi., p. 86, pl. 1, fi 2;
M. eos. Hutton, C.M.M. Small; whorls six, with a sub-nodular keel ;
body whorl with shallow spiral grooves; varices three, forming continu-
ous wings, crisped on the inside, and with an obsolete posterior spine on
each whorl; aperture ovate; canal rather short, straight, half closed ;
bright yellowish pink, paler inside.
Length, 1; breadth, 0-4 ; angle of spire, 42°.
Tasmania. Australia. °
Two specimens were found at the Bay of Islands by Mr. C. Traill.
This species belongs to the sub-genus Pevonotus.
M. candida, #. and A. Adams ; P.Z.S., 1863, ~. 430. Shell ovate,
solid, white, spire elevated ; whorls convex, sub-angled behind, varices
thin, produced at the angles (in the last whorl often obsolete), interstices
transversely lirated ; aperture oval, hardly caniculated behind, produced
in front into a recurved scarcely closed canal; lip thick, callous ; inner
lip sulcated, the magin denticulated. (Adams.)
Length, 1°4; breadth, °7 inch.
New Zealand (Cuming).
Perhaps the same as Zrophon ambiguus.
Genus, TYPHIS—Montfort.
Mantle margin prolonged into the last tubular spine between the
varices. Shell ovate or oblong, with projecting hollow tubes between
the spineose varices, the last open, occupied by the excurrent canal ;
aperture orbicular, prolonged in front into a closed siphonal canal.
T. cleryi, Petit.; Revue, Zoologique, 1846 ; Reeve, Conch., Ic., f. 11.
Shell fusiform, pale fulvous, obscurely banded with brown; whorls
48 MURICDID&.
rounded above, attenuated below ; varices fingered, fingers uncinated ;
tubes intermediate, distinct ; canal elongated, re-curved. (Reeve.)
Genus, TROPHON—Montfort.
Shell fusiform, varices numerous, lamelliform or laciniated ; spire
prominent ; aperture ovate; canal open, usually turning to the left ;
columella smooth, arcuated.
T. ambiguus, Hombr. and Jacq. ; Voy. Pole Sud. Moll., p. 109,
pl. 25, f 13-14. Fusiform, rather thick; spire whorls with two, and
body whorl with many, spiral ridges, crossed by varices ; between the
spiral ridges on the body whorl there are one, two, or three smaller
raised lines; aperture ovate; outer lip finely crenulated; canal pro-
duced, bent to the left and re-curved ; white or yellowish white, inside
pinkish brown ; in the young the mouth is internally banded with pale
purple.
Length, 2:4; breadth, 1°2 ; angle of spire, 50°.
Variable, the varices being sometimes wanting on the body whorl.
Stewart Island to Auckland.
T. stangeri, Gray ; Dief. NZ, ii., ~. 230. Shell small, oyate,
fusiform ; brown, regularly and closely centrically striated ; spire acute,
rather shorter than the body whorl; the upper whorl with two, and the
body whorl with eight continued distant spiral ribs, the hinder ones
farthest apart, and most raised ; the mouth dark brown ; the canal short,
open ; axis three quarters of an inch (Gray.)
Dunedin to Auckland.
Probably a variety of the last, in which case Dr. Gray’s name will
stand. usus cretaceus, Reeve (l.c., f. 48) seems hardly different.
Mavineisus, (Gould U. "Se Lx: Ep. xin py 233. shan piclerms,
Hutton, C.M.M., not Fusus inctsus, Martyn. Small, fusiform ; whorls
convex, spirally grooved, and finely transversely plaited ; aperture oval,
slightly angled ; outer lip grooved in the adult; canal short, slightly
bent to the left; purplish, the reliefs darker and browner; inside
brownish purple.
Length, °8 ; breadth, -4 ; angle of spire, 32°.
Dunedin to Auckland.
I am rather doubtful of this identification. For Gould’s descrip-
tion; see Mrans. N.Z- Inst... x, p..292.
T. inferus, Mutton, CM.M., ~p. 9. Small, ovato-fusiform ; whorls
spirally grooved and transversely plicated; aperture broadly ovate,
angled posteriorly ; outer lip crenulated ; canal very short, bent to the
left ; aperture large, outer lip angled; canal produced ; yellowish,
minutely and closely spirally striped with reddish brown.
Length, 5‘25 ; breadth, 2.35 ; angle of spire, 50°.
Wellington to Dunedin.
Dr. v. Martens refers this to & corrugatus, Reeve, but I cannot
agree with him.
MURICID. 49
T. dubius, Hutton; Jour. de. Conch., 1878, p. 13. Ovato-fusi-
form, thick ; whorls 7, convex, rudely spirally ribbed, those of the spire
whorls transversely ribbed ; aperture oval ; canal very short, not bent,
and rounded anteriorly; covered with a greenish-brown persistent
epidermis ; interior dark purple ; canal and anterior portion of colu-
mella whitish.
Length, -7 ; breadth, -4.
Auckland.
Differs from 7: zuferus by its straight canal and outer lip rounded
anteriorly. From 7: facve it is distinguished by its greater breadth,
shorter canal, and by the absence of transverse ribs on the body whorl.
T. paivee, Crosse; Jour. de Conch., xi., p. 11, f. 73 F-. corticatus,
Flutton, C.M.M. Small, fusiform, thick; whorls finely spirally grooved,
and strongly transversely ribbed, about eleven ribs in the body whoni ;
aperture oval ; outer lip grooved in the adult; canal short, slightly bent
to the left ; yellowish white, with thin spiral stripes of purplish black,
but the colours always obscured by a thick coralline growth ; interior
white, banded on the outer lip.
Length, -75; breadth, 37; angle of spire, 45°.
Auckland to Stewart Island. N.S. Wales.
T. duodecimus, Gray; Dief:, N.Z., ii., p. 230. Shell ovate,
fusiform, pale yellow, longitudinally costate ; spire conical, acute ;
whorls rather rounded, last whorl about half the length of the shell,
with twelve concentric rounded ribs anda central white band, with
some spiral ridges in front, crossing the varices, and closer over the
short open canal. (Gray.)
New Zealand (Dr. Sinclair.)
T. spiratum, H. avd A. Adams; P.Z.S., 1863, p. 429. Shell
ovato-fusiform, rather thin, grey, spire lofty; whorls angled behind,
cancellated with many thin longitudinal and strong, rather crowded
transverse liree; aperture ovate, ending in a short, open, scarcely re-
curved canal; lip thin, sulcated within ; margin angulated posteriorly.
(Adams. )
Length, 1°8; breadth, ‘9 inch.
New Zeaiand (Cuming.)
T. coronatum, 1. and A. Adams; P.Z.S., 1863, ~. 429. Shell
ovato-fusiform, thin, chalky, white, spire moderate; whorls angled
behind, varices laciniate, distant, produced at the angle into a series of
scale-like spines, the interstices smooth ; last whorl swollen, ending in a
long straight beak, which is re-curved at the extremity; aperture
ovate, longer than the spire; lip smooth, simple, canal open.
(Adams.)
Length, 1:4; breadth, ‘67 inch.
New Zealand (Cuming.)
Sub-Family-—Fusine.
Operculum ovate, acute, nucleus apical. Shell more or less spindle-
shaped, varices rudimentary or wanting.
5° MURICID.
Genus, FUSUS—Klein.
Shell fusiform, spire generally long, many whorled ; aperture oval ;
canal long and straight ; columella smooth.
F. spiralis, Adams; P.Z.S., 1855, p. 221; & pensum, Hutton,
CMM. Fusiform, thin, white, spire elevated ; spire whorls convex,
contracted at the suture, transversely lirated, angulated in the middle ;
keel tuberculated, the lower one sub-simple; aperture oval, inner lip
smooth ; throat sulcated ; canal long, straight. (Adams.)
New Zealand (Cuming.) Cook Strait, rare.
Genus, NEPTUNA:A—Bolten.
Shell fusiform, ventricose ; spire elevated ; whorls rounded, covered
with a horny epidermis ; apex papillary ; aperture oval; canal short ;
inner lip simple, smooth.
N. zealandica, Quoy ; Zc, 11., 500, p/. 34, f, 5-4; & mandarinus,
Reeve; Conch., Lc., f. 8. Fusiform, elongated ; whorls rounded, deeply
spirally grooved, eaeh of the grooves generally with a single elevated
line, sometimes with two lines in a groove; upper whorls only of spire
transversely ribbed; outer lip crenulated; canal produced ; reddish
brown, the reliefs darker.
Length, 5 ; breadth, 2°25 ; angle of spire, 45°.
Auckland to Bank’s Peninsula; animal brown, with reddish reliefs.
(Quoy.)
N. caudata, Quoy and Gaimard; Lc, i1., p. 503, Pl. 34, f. 20-21.
Fusiform, elongated; whorls rounded, spirally grooved; each of the
grooves with one or two elevated lines ; spire whorls slightly, and body
whorl strongly, transversely ribbed ; outer lip crenulated ; canal rather
produced. Pale brownish, reliefs darker.
Length, 3°25 ; breadth, 1°55 ; angle of spire, 48°.
Cook Strait ; probably a variety of the last.
N. dilatata, Quoy, Zc, i, ~. 498, 2 34, f 15-16; Reeve, Conch.,
Ic. f- 49; Chenu, f- 602. Ovato-fusiform ; whorls carinated, spirally
striated, with a row of tubercles on the keel; aperture large, outer lip
angled ; canal produced ; yellowish, minutely and closely spirally striped
with reddish brown.
Length, 5.25; breadth, 2°35; angle of spire, 50°.
Common in the North Island. S. Australia. ‘Tasmania.
Animal marbled reddish brown on yellow (Quoy.)
N. nodosa, JZartyn; Buccinum raphanus, Quoy, tc, i., p. 428,
pl. 31, f- 5-6; & raphanus, Lamark, l.c., 1x., p. 454; Reeve, Conch., Le,
jf 61. Fusiform, ventricose ; whorls spirally striated, those of the spire
carinated, and crossed’ by low transverse ribs ; keel nodulose ; body
whorl bicarinated, each keel with a row of nodules, sometimes obsolete
on the anterior one ; aperture oval, angled behind; outer lip slightly
crenulated ; canal short, bent to the left, slightly notched anteriorly ;
MURICID&. 51
from yellowish white, longitudinally streaked with brownish purple, to
brownish purple ; interior white.
Length, 1°65 ; breadth, 1°0; angle of spire, 55°.
Cook Strait.
Abundant in the North Island. Not found south of Bank’s
Peninsula.
Var. B.—Body whorl with twelve nodular transverse ribs, which do
not reach to the suture, small.
Var. C.—Body whorl rounded ; nodules nearly obsolete.
Animal reddish, with points of the same colour (Quoy.)
N. traversi, Mutton, CMM, p. 9. Ovato-fusiform; spire
whorl and posterior portion of the body whorl longitudinally ribbed, ten
ribs in a whorl; aperture oval; canal short, bent slightly to the left ;
lips smooth ; white, with thin brown spiral stripes, ten or twelve on the
body whorl; interior white, with two brown interrupted bands on the
outer lip.
Length, 1°1 ; breadth, -58; angle of spire, 50°.
Chatham Islands only.
The young shell is white and semi translucent.
Genus, EUTHRIA—Gray.
Shell fusiform, smooth; aperture oval, produced anteriorly into a
long re-curved canal; inner lip simple; outer lip posteriorly sinuated.
EK. lineata, Chemnitz; Buccinum linea, Martyn, Univ. Conch., pl.
48; Fusus linea, Deshayes, Anim. sans vert., \x., p. 476; Fusus lineatus,
OnCAG WELD 500; f/.2407: 0-0; Aecve, Conch, 1c, J. 31. ‘Chenu, f:
600; Pollia lineolata, Gray, Dieff: N.Z., i., p. 230. Fusiform, smooth,
sometimes ribbed ; whorls flattened ; aperture oval; outer lip grooved ;
canal short, slightly bent to the left; purplish or pale reddish brown,
spiraly banded with purplish black or reddish brown.
Length, 1°4; breadth ; ‘65; angle of spire, 48°.
Common. Chatham Islands. Auckland Islands.
This very variable species can be divided into the following four
varieties :—
A.—White with distant dark purple bands. ‘Transverse ribs
absent on body whorl. Auckland and Auckland Islands.
Z.—Like the last, but the body whorl with transverse ribs.
Stewart Island.
C.—Purple, with close bands of dark purple. Common.
Dunedin to Auckland. Chatham Islands.
D.—Pale orange, with dark yellowish orange bands. Dunedin.
This last variety is so distinct that it almost merits a specific name.
K. vittata, Quoy, lc, ii, p. 504, pl. 34, f- 18-19. Shell small,
fusiform, thick; apex acute, nodulose; base short, obscurely trans-
versely striated ; yellowish brown, encircled with a band of violet;
52 BUCCINID&.
aperture oval, narrow; right lip sulcated; a tooth in the posterior
angle (Quoy.)
Length, 9; diam., 4 lines.
Bay of Islands.
Foot and head yellowish white, with elongated touches of reddish-
brown ; two on the top of the head, and a third surrounding each
tentacle above the eyes (Quoy.)
E. bicincta, Hutton, C:MW.M., ~p. 10. Fusiform, smooth ; slightly
transversely ribbed at the apex only; whorls rather flattened, faintly
transversely striated; aperture oval; outer lip smooth; canal very
short, bent slightly to the left; white, with a band of purple on the
anterior portion of the spire whorls extending to the sutures, and two
similar bands on the body whorl.
Length, 1°1 ; breadth, 55; angle of spire. 37°.
Chatham Islands. Auckland Islands.
E. littorinoides, Reeve, Conch., Lc. (Buccinum,) f. 94; Chenu, f.
631. Shell fusiform, a little re-curved at the base, smooth ; lip simple ;
olive-brown, obscurely lineated; interior of the aperture pale flesh.
colour (Reeve. )
Perhaps a variety of £. /neata.
E. martensiana, Witton ; Jour. de Conch., 1878, p. 16. Small,
fusiform, spire produced, acute ; whorls rather distantly spirally striated,
with several very fine strie between; spire whorls transversely ribbed ;
aperture oval, outer lip slightly grooved, with a thin margin; canal
short, nearly straight ; purplish brown, or pale brown.
Léngth, 7 ; breadth, -3; angle of spire, 36°.
Common in the North Island.
Smaller than the last, much narrower, and the spire whorls more
distinctly ribbed.
EK. antarctica, Reeve: Conch., Ic. (Buccinum), f. 30. Shell
ovately fusiform, truncated at the base ; whorls strongly plicately ribbed
towards the apex; ribs of the last whorl fading away; exterior covered
with a thick olive epidermis; interior purple brown; columella and
inner edge of the lip white (Reeve.)
Falkland Islands. Auckland Islands.
Var. A.—Body whorl smooth. Campbell Island and Lyttelton.
FAMILY—BUCCINID.
Teeth as in Muricide; head truncated; tentacles moderate ;
mantle enclosed ; siphon recurved ; foot ‘simple; shell usually with
an oblique fissure or notch at the fore part of the aperture ; aperture
sometimes more or less produced and recurved anteriorly.
Sub-Family—Nassine.
Operculum ovate, acute ; nucleus apical, the margin entire or
serrated.
BUCCINIDA, 53
In some of the genera the eyes are near the base of the tentacles ;
in others near their middle, and are sometimes wanting.
Genus, COMINELLA—Gray.
Shell bucciniform, marked or spotted, covered with an epidermis ;
spire short, acute; last whorl large, ventricose, with a posterior depressed
groove at the suture, producing a contraction at the hind part of the
lip. i
C. maculata, Martyn; Reeve, Conch, Lc, f. 16; Purpura
turgida, Gray, Dieff., N.Z., ii., p. 2343; B. zealandicum, Reeve, Conch.,
Lc., f. 28. Shell ovate, turgid.; spire short ; whorls convex, transversely
plicated ; smooth ; aperture ovate, callous above ; outer lip thin, sinua-
ted, smooth ; pale greyish-yellow, with transverse reddish-purple spots,
arranged in spiral rows ; interior and columella yellow.
Length, 2; breadth, 1°3 ; angle of spire, 60°.
Common in the North Island. Chatham Islands. Auckland
Islands.
Var. &.—Spire shorter, hinder part of the body whorl swollen; body
whorl with shallow spiral grooves.
C. testudinea, Chemnitz; Quoy, lc., ii, p. 415, pl. 30, f. 8-11;
Reeve, Conch., Ic., f- 66; Purpura maculosa, Gray, Dief. N.Z, ii,
p. 233. Shell conical ; whorls flattened, smooth ; columella smooth ;
outer lip thin, crenulated ; canalshort. Spirally tesselated with yellowish-
white and purplish-brown ; sometimes purplish-brown with spiral rows
of white spots ; inside dark purple.
Length, 1°65; breadth, ‘9 ; angle of spire, 47°.
Common in the North Island, and found as far south as Banks’
Peninsula. Chatham Islands.
The teeth of the male and female are alike, those of the female
perhaps rather the larger (Gray Guide to Mollusca, p. 15), see also
Hoge, Trans. Ray Micros. Soc., 1868, pl. x. , f. 33.
oot greenish, marked with brown ; tips of the tentacles and siphon
black (Quoy.)
C. nassoides, Reeve, Conch. Zc., f- 12. Shell thick; whorls
flattened, six or seven in the spire ; spirally striated and transversely
plicated ; a broader and deeper groove round the posterior portion of
the whorls near the suture ; outer lip grooved internally ; columella
slightly plaited anteriorly ; pinkish-yellow ; inside brownish ; lip and
columella yellow.
Length, 1°6; breadth, ‘85 ; angle of spire, 45°.
Steward Island to Cook Strait.
Orange brown ; nodules and ridges whitish (Reeve.)
C. lineolata, Zamark; Q.& G. 11, p 419, pl. 30, f 14-16;
Reeve, Conch., Ic. (Buccinum), f. 36; C. virgata, Adams, Gen. Moll.,
pl. 2,76. Shell smooth ; whorls flattened, those of the spire sub-costate ;
inner lip smooth ; outer rather thin, slightly grooved in the interior ;
H
54 BUCCINIDE.
canal short ; greyish brown, with narrow spiral lines, not very close, of
brownish black; columella and canal orange ; inner lip banded with
brownish-purple and _ purplish-white.
Length, 1°15; breadth, ‘52; angle of spire, 45°.
North Island to Lyttelton.
C. lurida, Prlippz, Zeits, f- Malak, 1848; B. costatum, var. Q. & G.
r1, ~. 418, fl. 30, f 19-20. Small, spire acute ; whorls finely spirally
striated, and transversely ribbed ; columella smooth ; outer lip grooved
inside, not angled ; canal short ; brown or purplish ; interior paler.
Length, *7 ; breadth, °3 ; angle of spire, 36°.
Auckland.
GC. huttoni, Kodet, Catalog der Gattung Cominella, p. 233; C.
guoyana, A. Adams; P.Z.S., 1854, p. 313; not C. guoyt Kiener. Shell
fusiform ; spire acuminate, white, spotted with reddish-brown; whorls 8,
longitudinally obliquely plicated, the folds sub-nodulose above, trans-
versely sulcated ; aperture oval; columella uniplicate in front ; inner
lip lirate (Adams.)
New Zealand. (Mus. Cuming.)
Possibly a variety of C. costatum, Q. and G., which appears to be a
very variable species; it has, however, well-marked characters of its
own (Adams.) The Rev. J. Tenison-Woods considers that both this
species and C. /actea are but varieties of C. alveolata (Kiener), a com-
mon shell of Tasmania and South Australia (Pro. Royal Society of
Tasmania, 1877.)
C. melo, Lesson; Ann. d. Sct. Nat., series 2, vol. 16, p. 254
(Buccinum.) Shell globulosely ovate, swollen, rugosely _ striated,
reddish-brown; whorls 6, five sub-depressed, the last ventricose,
dilated, grooved ; spire short, dilated at the base; lip simple ; aperture
orange.
Height, 26 lines; breadth, 18 lines (Lesson.)
Brought from New Zealand by the frigate Venus; apparently a
variety of C. maculata. e
CG. funerea, Gould; U.S. Ex. Ep., xii., p. 253; B. glandiforme,
Reeve, Conch., Ic., f. 109; B. sealandicum, Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy.
au Pole Sud. Molt., p. 24, pl. 21, f: 3-6. Shellrather thin ; whorls spirally
striated, and transversely ribbed ; columella smooth ; outer lip smooth,
slightly angled posteriorly; canal short; dark brown; inside dark
purplish-brown.
Length, °8; breadth, ‘48; angle of spire, 42°.
Common from Stewart Island to Bay of Islands.
GC. quoyi, tener; Lion. Cog. Viv., p. 16, pl. 5, f- 13; Keeve,
Conch., Lc. (Buccinum), f. 107. Shell ovately oblong, fulvous, trans-
versely, very numerously and finely longitudinally striated ; spire sharp ;
columella prominent; aperture oval, reddish; lip arched, striated
internally (Reeve.)
Length, 1°5 ; breadth, ‘35.
Perhaps a variety of C. maculata, but the spire is more pointed.
BUCCINID/. 55
C. lactea, Reeve; Conch., Ic. (Buccinum), f- 117. Shell oblong
ovate ; spire sharp ; whorls concayely impressed round the upper part ;
columella arched ; interior of the aperture radiately ridged ; milky blue,
marked with obscure black lines ; interior of the aperture yellow, stained
with purple-brown, radiating ridges white (Reeve.)
This species comes from Tasmania and Australia, according to
Tenison-Woods, Brazier, and Bednall. Dr. Cox’s specimens probably
came from Tasmania.
Genus, NASSA-—Martini.
Eyes on the middle of the tentacles; lingual teeth arched, pecti-
nated ; uncini with a basal tooth; foot large, expanded, bifurcate at its
posterior extremity ; operculum ovate, the margin serrated or entire.
Shell-like Cominella ; columella lip callous, expanded, forming a
tooth-like projection near the anterior canal.
I have seen no species of Nassa from New Zealand, and think that
there must be some mistake in the localities.
N. rutilans, Reeve, Conch., Lc, f- 147. Shell accuminately ovate,
smooth, shining, variegated longitudinally with ash, olive, and grey ;
spire exserted, thinly plaited at the apex ; columella arched, but little
callous ; lip thickly varicose, smooth (Reeve.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.) Torres Strait. (Brazier, P.L.S. of
N.S.W., 1, 2. 180.)
N. nigella, Reeve, Conch., Ic.,f-173. Shell accuminately ovate, trans-
versely grooved, longitudinally granosely ribbed ; swarthy brown within
and without ; columella rather expanded, shining; lip simple, mar-
gined without (Reeve.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
N. nove zealandie, Reeve, Conch, Ic., f. 186. Shell accumina-
tely conical, mottled black and brown; spire sharp, with the suture
impressed ; whorls slightly angled at the upper part, transversely linearly
grooved, longitudinally strongly grain-ribbed ; columella twisted, white ;
lip thin, varicose (Reeve.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
N. corticata, Adams; P.Z.S., 1851, p. 98; Reeve, Conch., Ic, f
189. Shell ovately conic, produced at the spire, covered with a green-
ish brown epidermis; whorls nodose at the upper part, last whorl
ornamented in front with a sub-nodose belt, posteriorly coronated with
nodules ; columella but little callous, two-plaited in front ; lip margined
outwardly, ridged within (Reeve.)
New Zealand.. (Cuming.)
Sub-Family— Purpurine.
Operculum oblong, nucleus elongate, forming the long outer edge.
Eye usually near the tips of the tentacles ; siphon short ; foot moderate.
Shell generally oval with a short spire, and the inner lip broad and more
or less flattened.
56 BUCCINID&.
Genus, PURPURA—Aldrovandus.
Shell oblong-oval, the last whorl large ; spire short ; aperture ovate
large, with an oblique channel or groove at the fore part; columella
flattened ; outer lip simple.
P. haustrum, Martyn; Quoy, lc, ii. p. 554, pL 37,f- 4-8; Reeve,
Conch. Ic. f. 6. Ovato-oblong, ventricose, spire depressed, rugose, spirally
striated ; outer lip thin, wrinkled; columella hollowed, canal large ;
brown, interior greyish white, with a broad band of brownish-purple on
the right lip, and generally a spot of the same at the posterior end of the
columella.
Length, 3; breadth, 2; angle of spire, go’.
Auckland to Dunedin, more common in the south. Chatham Islands.
There is a variety in which the whole of the interior is yellow.
For the dentition of this species see Zroschel, ‘‘Gebiss derSchnecken,”
plivr2; 4 20.
Genus, POLYTROPA—Swainson.
Spire acuminate, whorls foliated or tuberculose ; inner lip flattened ;
canal small, oblique ; aperture narrowed at the fore part.
P, textiliosa, Zamark, lc, x., p.77; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 66.
Shell ventricose, broadly spirally grooved, each groove with from one to
four smaller raised ridges, the main ridges also with one or two small
grooves ; finely transversely striated ; outer lip crenulated and grooved
internally, margin thin; yellowish-white ; columella white ; inside yel-
low, with a white band round the margin of the outer lip.
Length, 2°9; breadth, 1°8; angle of spire, 73° to 95°.
Auckland to Cook Strait. S. Australia. ‘Tasmania.
P. succincta, Zamark,; Reeve, Conch. Ic. f. 23. Probably a
variety of the last but the grooves much deeper, and without any smaller
raised rigdes.
Blind Bay (F.W.H). N.S. Wales.
P. striata, Wartyn. P. rugosa, Lamark. FP. succincta var., Reeve.
P. rupestris, H. and J. Voy. au Pole Sud., p. 89, pl. 22, f- 23. Shell
ventricose, deeply and broadly spirally grooved, the grooves crossed by
thin, rather distant, transverse lamella, which do not reach as high as
the tops of the ridges ; ridges smooth ; outer lip crenulated and grooved,
margin rather thick ; white or yellowish-white ; inside white, nacrous.
Length, 2°3; breadth, 1°5 ; angle of spire, 68°.
Chatham Islands. Auckland to Stewart Island.
Auckland Islands. Kerguelen’s Land. S. Australia.
P. squamata, Hutton; Jour. de Conch., 1878, p. 19. Ovato-acute,
spire produced ; whorls narrowly, rather distantly, spirally grooved,
rough with numerous thin imbricating transverse foliations ; outer lip
crenulated and grooved; columella with one fold ; brownish-white ;
interior purple, columella and a band round the mouth white or yellowish.
BUCCINID. 57
Length, -75; breadth, ‘45; angle of spire, 54.°
Dunedin.
P. retiaria, Hutton; Jour. de Conch., 1878, ~. 20. Ovato-fusi-
form; whorls keeled, spirally ribbed ; four or five ribs on the body
whorl in front of the keel, and one small rib behind it; ribs crossed at
regular intervals by transverse plications, dividing the surface of the
shell into squares; the whole shell covered by delicate transverse
foliations ; aperture oval ; columella rounded ; canal short, slightly bent;
greyish-white ; interior purple.
Length, ‘9; breadth, ‘5.
Auckland.
P. quoyi, Reeve ; Conch, Lc., f. 71; P. rugosa, Quoy and Gaimard,
i, ~. 569, pl. 38, f 19-21. Shell somewhat fusiform, produced
at each end ; whorls concavely depressed round the upper part, logitu-
dinally very finely laminated, encircled with rough and scabrous ribs
and ridges ; columella excavated; aperture small ; lip crenated within ;
whitish or light brown ; interior of the aperture purple-brown. (Reeve.)
Common in the North Island, not common in the South.
A very variable species, probably a variety of the next.
Animal green with yellowish-white spots; tentacles and siphon
whitish (Quoy.)
P. scobina, Quoy and Gaimard,; Voy. Astrol. LZool., ti., p. 567,
Ll. 38, f. 12-13; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 72 (bad ;) P. tristis, Dunker, Reise
der Novara Moll, pl. 1., f. 4. Shell ovato-oblong, transversely nbbed,
rough ; yellowish-brown ; interstices with imbricating lamellz ; aperture
oval, small, dark ; lip undulated, tuberculated within, sulcated ; spire
conical, thick, subacute. (Quoy.)
Auckland to Dunedin, abundant.
A very variable species.
P. patens, Hombron and Jacquinot; Voy. au Pole Sud. Molt., p.
85, pl. 22, f. 1-2. Shell reddish-grey ; spire of fine whorls, of which the
four first are very small; the last three times as large as the others
taken together ; whorls ornamented with transverse threads, with regular
intervals ; mouth reddish, broad, oval, the left lip turned back, and with
granulations corresponding to the transverse threads; canal rather
short, inclined to the right ; right lip very flat, diminishing towards the
spire, and terminated by a reddish patch. (H. and J.)
Length (from the figure), ‘85 inch. ,
P. biconica, Hutton; Jour. de Conch. 1878, p. 20. Small,
broadly fusiform ; spire short, acute ; body whorl inflated posteriorly,
and narrowed anteriorly; spirally ribbed, and slightly transversely
plicated ; whitish, tessellated with dark brown on the ribs ; interior dark
purplish-brown, toothed with white on the nght lip.
Length, -4; breadth, -28.
North Island.
P. tesselliata, Lesson; Rev. Zool. Dec., 1840; Ann. d. Sct. Nat.,
Sertes 2, Vol. 16, p. 255 (Purpura.) Shell ovately-elongate, covered
58 ANCILLIDZ.
with longitudinal flexuous lines, and transversely striated; grooves
deep, with numerous regular quadrate perforations ; shell reddish ;
spire elongated, obtuse ; whorls flat, tessellated, the last ventricose,
depressed at the suture ; lip toothed, interior reddish, ornamented with
four spots.
Height, 12 lines; breadth, 9 lines. (Lesson.)
New Zealand.
This may be the same as either P. vetiaria or P. quoyt.
Genus, RICINULA—Lamark.
Shell ovate, solid ; spire short; whorls tuberculated or spinous ;
aperture linear, narrow, contracted by callous projections, with an
oblique emarginate canal in front; inner lip wrinkled ; outer lip inter-
nally with plait-like teeth, often digitate.
R. iodostoma, Lesson; Magasin de Zoologie, 1842, Moll. pl. 58 ;
Deshayes, Anim. Sans. Vert., x. p. 54; Reeve, Conch., Ic., f. 4.. Shell
ovate, thick, ponderous, rather depressed ; spire very short ; transver-
sely striated, and oboletely-ribbed ; ribs more prominent at the margin ;
aperture strongly toothed, thickened at the upper part; whitish ; ribs
brownish black ; intermediate striz brown; aperture bright pinkish-
purple.
Length, 1°4 ; breadth, 1°2.—( Reeve.)
New Zealand (Lesson.) Straits of Macassar (Rohr.)
Mr. Kirk mentions a species of Azccnula as occurring at Great
Omaha (Trans. N.Z. Inst., v., p. 369.)
FAMILY—ANCILLIDZ:.
Mantle enclosed, the siphon re-curved ; foot voluminous, usually
reflexed over the sides of the shell, bifid behind ; shield grooved on the
upper surface ; side lobes not much produced ; head concealed ; eyes
none ; tentacles rudimentary ; operculum small, ovate, acute, sometimes
entirely wanting.
Genus, Ancillaria—Lamark.
Shell oblong, sub-cylindrical, polished ; spire short ; suture filled up
with enamel; columella callous, anteriorly, twisted; outer lip thin,
simple, acute.
A. australis, Soz.; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 7; Chenu, f. 893;
Quoy, Lc., tii., p. 20, pl 49, f. 13-173; A. albisulcata, Quoy, L.c., ili., p.
19. ~2. 49, f. 5-12. Shell ob-ovate ; spire accuminate, callously obtuse
in old shells ; columella constrictedly twisted; an obsolete tooth near
the anterior end of the outer lip ; leaden-blue or brownish-purple in the
centre, often margined with white, both ends generally tinged with
chestnut ; interior brownish-purple.
Length, 1°75 ; breadth, ‘8.
Common in the North Island. Chalky Inlet.
LAMELLARIID&. 59
A. pyramidalis, Reeve; Conch., Ic., f- 11. Shell ovate, rather
thin, ventricose, purplish-fawn colour, callosity fuscous; spire pyra-
midally accuminated, callous throughout ; columella arcuately twisted
(Reeve.)
Nelson.
Scarcely distinct from the last. 4. Wove-zealandie, Sow., f. 41, is no
doubt the young of one or the other.
FAMILY—LAMELLARIID.
Lingual teeth in three or seven series, the central broad, the lateral
versatile ; lateral teeth simple, curved; tentacles separated at their
bases, and bearing the sessile eyes at their origin externally ; mantle
included, lining the shell; foot oblong, obtusely quadrate in front,
rounded behind; hind or operculigerous lobe greatly developed,
entirely covering and concealing the shell; operculum none. Shell
thin, spiral, covered by the hind lobe of the foot.
Genus, CORIOCELLA—Blainville.
(?) Mantle deeply fissured and bilobed in front, the surface depressed
and covered with numerous hexagonal tubercules. Shell spiral,
calcareous, ear-shaped, thin, sub-opaque ; spire short ; whorls rounded,
last whorl large ; aperture patulous.
C. ophione, Gray ; P.Z.S., 1849, ~. 169. Shell oblong, elongate,
pellucid, white; spire very short, conical; whorls convex, last whorl
very large, convex, rather iridescent ; aperture ovate; pillar lip curved,
slightly reflexed (Gray.) i
Auckland. (Major Greenwood.)
I do not know on what evidence Adams refers this species to
Cortocella, for the shell only appears to have been described. An
animal found near Dunedin by Mr. G. M. Thompson, and which I
take to be Gray’s Lamellaria ophione, belongs perhaps to the genus
Cryptocella (H. and A. Adams.)* The mantle is smooth but much
wrinkled, resembling the convolutions of the brain; it is considerably
expanded and waved laterally, but is not produced nor bi-lobed
anteriorly, nor is it fissured on the back; the colour of the whole
animal is yellow. The eyes are sessile on the external side of the
tentacles, near the base, as in Lamed/arta. The shell resembles that of
Cryptocella.
FAMILY—FASCIOLARIID-®.
Lingual teeth in three series (1. 1. 1.) the central re-curved, toothed
at the tip, the lateral not versatile (Odontog/ossate ;) lateral teeth very
broad, linear, with -many equal teeth ; central tooth narrow, small ;
mantle enclosed, with a straight siphon : operculum ovate-acute, nucleus
apical.
Genus, LATIRUS—Montfort.
Shell turreted, fusiform, umbilicated; spire produced; whorls
6c MITRIDZ.
nodulous ; aperture oval-oblong ; outer lip thin, crenulated ; columella
straight, with two or three small oblique plaits in front ; animal of a dull
red-colour.
L. decoratus, Adams; P.Z.S., 1854, p. 316. Shell ovato-
fusiform, white varied with chestnut, longitudinally plicated, transversely
lirated, the lire alternately larger and smaller, two near the suture
moniliform ; aperture oval; canal short; columella with three plice ;
inner lip sulcated (Adams.)
New Zealand. (Mus. Cuming.) Andaman Islands. (Smith P.Z.S.
1878, p. 812.)
FAMILY—MITRIDA:
Teeth in three series (1. 1. 1.) the laterals. fixed, not versatile
( Odontoglossate;) head small and narrow; tentacles close together at
the base; eyes above the base or towards the outer middle of the
tentacles; mantle enclosed; siphon simple at the base ; foot small,
triangular ; operculum none or rudimentary. Shell with the columella
more or less plicate ; apex of spire acute.
Sub-Family—Mitrine.
Head moderate ; eyes usually near the outer middle or tip of the
tentacles ; foot truncate in front. Shell for the most part destitute of
epidermis ; columella distinctly plicate.
Genus, MITRA—-Lamark.
Shell fusiform, thick ; spire elevated, acute ; aperture small, notched
in front ; columella obliquely plaited ; operculum small.
M. obscura, Hutton, C.M.M., p. 19. Shell ovato-conical ; spire
acute ; whorls sub-carinate, those of the spire transversely plicate ; body
whorl very finely longitudinally striated ; beak spirally striated behind ;
aperture narrow; columella with four plaits, the anterior one small ;
outer lip angled, deeply notched in front ; blackish-brown, spotted with
white, especially on the spire ; interior purplish ; beak brown.
Length, °64 ; breath, °33; angle of spire, 60°.
Bay of Islands. A single dead specimen in’ the Colonial
Museum, Wellington.
M.rubiginosa, Hutton; CMI, p. 20 (Columbella.) Fusiform,
smooth ; whorls transversely plicated ; spire elevated, acute; aperture
rather broad ; outer lip thin; not swollen ; columella with four oblique
teeth ; pink or brownish-pink.
Length, :3; breadth, ‘15.
Auckland to Lyttelton. Chatham Islands.
Sub-Family— Columbelline.
Head elongated ; eyes near the outer bases of the tentacles ; foot |
anteriorly produced. Shell usually covered with an epidermis ; inner
lip anteriorly toothed or tuberculed ; outer lip gibbous in the middle
or at the hind part.
VOLUTID. 61
Genus, COLUMBELLA—Lamark.
Shell ovato-oblong, triangular or fusiform ; spire acute at the apex ;
aperture long narrow, contracted in the middle; inner lip curved,
crenulated or denticulated ; outer lip dentate, gibbous, thickened in the
middle. .
C. zebra, Gray; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 72. Shell oblong, some-
what pyramidal, smooth, fulvous, conspicuously striped longitudinally
with chestnut; aperture rather broad, lip slightly thickened within,
faintly denticulated (Reeve.)
C. choava. Reeve; Conch., lc., f 239; Pyrene flexuosa, Hutton,
Jour. de Conch., 1878, ~. 23. Shell ovate, smooth, yellowish, freckled
with chestnut brown ; spire obtuse ; whorls convex ; aperture small ; lip
simple, faintly notched at the upper part (Reeve.)
A small olive-brown shell, mottled with somewhat obscure waved
marks of chestnut-brown (Reeve.) Auckland.
A black variety appears to be nearly as common as the type. The
teeth on the outer lip are often obsolete, thus bringing it into the genus
Pyrene.
Sub-Section—Rhachiglossa.
Radula with rachis plates only ; head as in Hamzgdossa.
FAMILY—-VOLUTID.
Lingual teeth in a single central series, often toothed ; head large,
with the eyes sessile on the sides below the base of the tentacles ; ten-
tacles far apart, united by a broad veil over the head ; mantle sometimes
greatly developed, covering the sides of the shell; siphon re-curved,
short, with auricles on each side of the base ; foot very large, partly
hiding the shell; operculum none. Shell with distinct plaits on the
columella ; apex of spire mamillated.
Sub-Family— Volutine
Teeth linear, with a single conical apex, the base angularly diverging;
mantle margin included, not covering the sides of the shell.
Genus, VOLUTA—Linneus.
Shell oval or fusiform ; spire more or less produced ; aperture large,
without a canal.
V. pacifiea, Zamoark, lc. x, 399; O. & G., i, p. 625; pF aa,
f.6; V. arabica, Gml.; Chenu, f. 971. Shell ovato-fusiform ; whorls
rather flattened in the adult, with a row of tubercles increasing in size
anteriorly ; shell rather thin; aperture large, widening anteriorly ; col-
umella with four or five plaits ; fulvous with dark brown or blackish,
angular, flexuous, anastomosing, transverse markings, which being thicker
I
62 MARGINELLID&.
and darker in certain places, form three or four more or less distinct
spiral bands on the body whorl ; sometimes entirely covered with a dark
reddish-brown coating.
Length, 7°5; breadth, 3; angle of spire, 40° to 48°.
Var B.—V. elongata, Swainson). Pale fulvous, without any mark-
ings; whorls smooth ; columella with five or six plaits; sometimes
covered over with a dark reddish-brown coating, like the typical form.
Auckland to Stewart Island.
Animal wine-purple, dusted with yellow ; hood bordered with red-
dish. (Quoy.)
V. gracilis, .Swacnson; Exotic., Conch., pl. 42; Reeve, Conch.,
Ic., f. 40; V. fusus, Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Astrol.,ii., p. 627, pl. 44,
7 7, 8. Shell small, thick, elongato-oval; spire whorls flattened,
plicate; body whorl smooth or sub-plicate posteriorly ; aperture
elongate, rather narrow; columella with four plaits ; outer lip thickened;
fulvous with chestnut-brown, angular, flexuous, anastomosing, transverse
markings, not forming bands ; sometimes covered with a dark reddish-
brown coating.
Length, 2°15 ; breadth, °78 ; angle of spire, 36° to 4o°.
Rare. Auckland.
Animal yellow, finely dotted with red-brown. (Quoy.)
V. kirki, Aution, CMM, p. 18. Broadly ovate; spire
depressed ; a few blunt tubercles on the body whorl; columella with
fourvery deep plaits ; aperturelarge; innerlip with a thin callus; yellowish-
brown.
Length, 1°75 ; breadth, 1°57 ; angle of spire, 80°.
A single specimen is in the Auckland Museum.
FAMILY—MARGINELLID.
Lingual teeth broad and lunate, with many conical, rather distant
dentations ; tentacles close together at the base ; eyes above the base or
near the middle of the tentacles; mantle with expanded side lobes
covering the shell; siphon elongate, simple at the base; foot large,
truncate in front, produced behind ; operculum none. | Shell porcel-
lanous, polished, with distinct plaits on the columella ; outer lip with the
margin thickened, or with a marginal callus.
Genus, MARGINELLA—Lamark.
Shell smooth, bright; spire short or concealed ; aperture truncated
in front; columella plaited ; outer lip (of adult) with a thickened
margin.
M. albescens, /utton, C.M.M., p. 19. Shell small, oval,
translucent ; spire short ; aperture narrow ; columella with four plaits ;
white, with indications of two yellow spiral bands.
Weneth, -2)breadth yr,
Stewart Island. Chatham Islands.
TRITONIIDA. 63
M. vittata, Hutton, CMM, p. to. Sub-cylindrical, rather
flattened below; spire concealed ; columella with four or five plaits
near the anterior end; outer lip not thickened (young? ;) yellowish-
white, with thin interrupted spiral bands of brown; columella white.
Length, 353; breadth, °2.
Two specimens in the Colonial Museum, Wellington, locality un-
certain.
Genus, ERATO—Risso.
Shell smooth; spire distinct, conical; aperture narrow; outer lip
thickened towards the middle ; columella with distinct plaits at the fore
part.
EK. lactea, Hutton, sp. nov. Shell smooth, white, or tinted with
pale brown ; spire of four whorls ; right lip margined, slightly swollen in
the middle, smooth within ; columella with four plaits, the two anterior
more oblique than the other two ; the posterior the largest.
Length, °5 ; breadth, -3 inch.
Auckland to Cook Strait.
Sub-Section— Tientogtlossa..
One row of rachis teeth, and three lateral plates on each side
(20555 43.)
Sertes-————— Proboscidifera.
Head small ; proboscis retractile under the base of the tentacles.
FAMILY—TRITONIID.
Lingual teeth in seven rows (3. 1. 3.) central generally toothed ;
lateral in three series, converging, the inner often broad, the two outer
subulate, versatile; mantle enclosed; siphon straight; foot small ;
operculum ovate, annular, nucleus sub-apical. Shell with varices on the
whorls ; aperture with a straight canal in front.
Genus, TRITONIUM—Link.
Shell oblong ; spire prominent ; whorls with a few remote and non-
continuous varices ; columella rough or smooth ; canal re-curved, short
or long ; outer lip internally crenated or denticulated.
T. australis, Zamark, l.c., ix., p. 625; Reeve, Conch., Ic., f. 12 ;
Chenu, f.686. Spire produced ; whorls flattened, spirally grooved, both
the grooves and the ridges sub-grooved; some of the ridges sub-
nodular ; columella callous, with a tooth at the posterior end, and
generally with some wrinkles at the anterior end; outer lip expanded,
nodular, the nodules generally arranged in groups of two or three ;
brownish-pink, variegated with brown, inside pinkish-white; columella
64 TRITONIIDA.
ochraceous; outer lip white with brown transverse bands from the
nodules to the edge.
Length, 7 ; breadth, 4; angle of spire, 50°.
North Island. Chatham Islands. N.S. Wales.
T. spengleri, Chemnitz; Lamark, l.c., 1x., p. 627; Reeve, Conch.
Ic. f. 36; Chenu. f. 691. Shell thick, ponderous, spire produced ;
whorls flattened, spirally grooved, with a row of nodules, which are
sometimes obsolete on the body whorl; varices few ; columella with a
small rounded tooth at the posterior end, and sometimes a few wrinkles
in the centre ; outer ip much expanded and plicated ; canal short, sub-
perforate ; yellowish white, covered with a pale brown transparent
epidermis.
Length, 55; breadth, 3; angle of spire, 40°.
Auckland to Stewart Island. Chatham Islands. N.S. Wales. ‘Tas-
mania.
T. olearium, L., Reeve, Conch. Ic. f. 32; T. acclivis, Hutton CMM,
p. 13. Shell thick ; spire rather depressed, bent slightly backwards, and
to the right ; whorls broadly spirally channelled, the posterior ndges
with blunt nodules ; varices few (one only) ; columella wrinkled ; outer
lip grooved; canal slightly produced; pale brown; columella dark
chocolate brown ; outer lip and varices banded with the same colour
and white.
Length, 2°75 ; breadth, 1°6 ; angle of spire, 70°.
Auckland. Australia.
T. fusiformis, A7zener, Zc. Cog. iv. p. 36, pl. 5, f. 23 Reeve, Conch.
Ic. f. 6. Shell abbreviately fusiform, solid, with eight varices ; spire ac-
cuminated, apex sharp ; whorls irregularly convoluted, rather angular at
the upper part, transversely striated, striz alternately tessellated with
blunt oblong granules, interstices between the strize very finely crisped,
middle of the whorls armed with an oblique or slanting row of large
prominent tubercules ; yellowish-bay colour, transverse strive light brown
upon the solid varices, then articulated with bright brown and bay ; col-
umella smooth, armed at the upper part with a small callosity ; aperture
round, interior milk-white, lip slightly denticulated within ; canal rather
short, curved backward. (Reeve.)
Auckland and Sydney at 12 and 15 fathoms (Frauenfeld). Sydney
(Angas).
Genus, RANELLA —Lamark,
Shell ovate, compressed ; varices two on each whorl, rounded, form-
ing a border to the shell.
R. leucostoma, Lamark, Zc. ix., p. 542 ; Reeve, Conch. Lc. f. 4.
Oval ; whorls spirally striated ; varices nearly continuous, with several
elongated tubercles between them ; columella with a prominent posterior
tooth and a few anterior wrinkles ; outer lip thickened, toothed ; canal
short ; reddish brown, varices banded with white and blackish-purple ;
inside white ; covered with a brown hairy epidermis.
DOLIIDA. 65
Length, 2°5; breadth, 1°5 ; angle of spire, 50°.
North Island. Martin’s Bay. Australia.
R. vexillum, Sowerby; R. argus, Dief., N.Z.,ii., p. 229; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f. 13; Chenu, f. 713; R. tumida, Dunker. Oval, obliquely
compressed ; whorls spirally striated, some of the ridges sub-nodulose ;
varices flattened, not centinuous; columella with a thick posterior
tooth, and a few median wrinkles; outer lip dentate, teeth in pairs ;
canal short; chestnut-brown, ridges sometimes purplish; varices
coloured similarly to the rest of the shell ; inside white ; covered with a
brown hairy epidermis.
Length, 4 ; breadth, 2°4 ; angle of spire, 62°.
Tasmania. Auckland to Stewart Island. Chatham Islands.
In 2. argus the columella is smooth, and the body whorl transver-
sely plicately noduled. In &. vexz//um the columella is wrinkled, and
the body whorl is not transversely plicated. Our species varies, some-
times running into one, sometimes into the other.
FAMILY—DOLIID:.
Lingual teeth in seven rows (3. 1. 3.,) central generally toothed,
lateral in three series, converging, the inner often broad, the two outer
subulate, versatile. Mantle enclosed, the siphon re-curved ; foot small ;
operculum none. Shell thin, ventricose ; whorls with transverse ribs ;
aperture with an oblique notch in front.
Genus, DOLIUM—Browne.
Shell ventricose, spirally grooved ; last whorl very large; outer lip
waved.
D. variegatum, Zamark, l.c., x., p. 143; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f.
7. Grooves simple, without any elevated line ; columella smooth, per-
forated ; suture excavated ; yellowish brown, varied longitudinally with
darker and irregularly spotted with purplish- brown on the ribs; interior
yellowish-brown ; columella white.
Length, 4°75 ; breadth,'4; angle of spire, 120°.
Smaller and not so much spotted as Australian specimens.
From the North Cape to Tauranga. Australia.
FAMILY—CASSIDID.
Radula short, broad, triangular, with many rows of similar, lancet-
shaped teeth, and a single small dentated tooth in the central series.
Mantle enclosed, with a re-curved siphon ; foot large, dilated ; opercu-
lum annular ; nucleus in the middle of the straight inner edge. Shell
ventricose, su')-globose ; whorls often variced.
66 CYPREIDA.
Genus, CASSIS—Browne.
Last whorl large; aperture linear, long, with a short sharply re
curved sinistral canal in front ; inner lip forming a large transversely
wrinkled plate ; outer lip thickened, reflected, plicate or toothed.
C. pyrum, Lamark, f.c., x., p. 33 ; Reeve Conch. Lc., f. 29; Chenu,
fj: 11303; C. striatus, Hutton, Cat. Tert. Moll., p. 8 (young.) Shell
ovate, ventricose; whorls obtusely angled, nodulose on the angles ;
upper whorls finely striated ; aperture dilated ; columella smooth, with
a large plait at the anterior end; outer lip reflexed, smooth; pinkish-
white, with bands of chestnut-brown wavy spots; outer edge of lip
banded with purplish-brown.
Length, 3°25; breadth, 2°25 ; angle of spire, 102°.
North Island. Martin’s Bay. Tasmania. Australia.
The young shell is distantly spirally striated.
C. achatina, Zamark, fc. x., p. 33; Reeve, Conch, Ic., fi 28.
Ovato-acute, ventricose ; whorls flattened, smooth ; aperture moderate ;
columella smooth, with a few plaits at the anterior end; outer lip
smooth ; purplish brown, spirally variegated with lighter and darker ;
interior pale purple.
Length, 1°5; breadth, 1; angle of spire, 85°.
Omaha. Australia. Cape of Good Hope.
SERIES. —ROSTRIFERA.
Head produced into a rostrum, with the tentacles on the side of its
base.
FAMILY—CYPRAIDA.
Radula rather long, with seven series of teeth (3. 1. 3.,) each row
composed of one broad, quadrate, uncinated, axile tooth, flanked on
each side by three uncinated hooked laterals ; outer lateral teeth coni-
cal, entire or toothed. Head broad; rostrum short ; tentacles long and
subulate, with the eyes on swellings at their external bases. Mantle
furnished with a siphon, and with large expanded side lobes covering
the shell; branchial plumes single; foot simple; operculum none.
Shell usually polished ; the last whorl large, convolute, wholly or par-
tially concealing the others; outer lip greatly inflexed and toothed ;
inner lip dentate or corrugated.
Genus, CYPR#A—Linneeus.
Shell ovate, smooth ; inner lip with a fold in front.
C. punctata, Lznneus; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 101. Shell ovato-
oblong, small, thin, polished; spire mamillate; inner lip sparingly
toothed, smooth in the middle ; white.
Length, °55 ; breadth, °377-
Doubtfully identified ; the typical form inhabits the Philippines, and
APORRHAID. 67
is sparingly spotied with red. A single specimen is in the Colonial
Museum, Wellington, from the Bay of Islands.
Genus, TRIVIA-—-Gray.
Shell ovate, transversely ribbed, no distinct fold on the inner lip.
T. australis, Zamark, 1c. x., p. 545; Reeve, Conch. Ic, f. 138 ;
Chenu, f. 1734. Transverse strize interrupted by an impressed median
line ; spire visible ; white, with one or two flesh-coloured spots on the
back, and the two extremities of the same colour.
Length, -4 ; breadth, -32.
Hauraki Gulf, in various places. Australia and Tasmania.
T. coccinella, Zamark, .c.,x., p. 544; Reeve, Conch. fc., f. 129;
Chenu, f. 1732. Transverse striz deep, not interrupted on the back ;
spire hidden ; above pale pink, with a few obscure spots of brown, below
white.
Length, -4; breadth, ‘25.
Bay of Islands. (Mr. C. Traill.)
Reeve considers this to be the same as 7: euzopea. I have no New
Zealand specimens for comparison. It does not appear to be known in
Australia. Rr 3s
FAMILY—APORRHAID:.
Radula with seven series of teeth (3. 1. 3.,) the median hooked,
denticulated, the first lateral uncinate, the second and third claw-shaped.
Rostrum elongate, tapering ; tentacles subulate, bearing the eyes on
slight prominences at their external bases ; mantle with the outer margin
expanded or lobed, and.with a rudimentary siphon in front, bent to the
right ; foot small, oblong, simple ; operculum annular, ovate or pointed,
the nucleus small apical. Shell with the canal bent to the nght ; outer
lip sinuous, lobed, or digitate,
Genus, STRUTHIOLARIA—Lamark.
Mantle with the outer edge simple ; operculum unguiculate, with the
nucleus apical. Shell oblong-oval ; spire accuminated ; apex obtuse ; —
aperture with a short canal in front; columella thickened, polished,
truncate anteriorly ; outer lip thickened and sinuous.
New Zealand, Australia and Kerguelen’s Land only.
Tentacles subulate, lateral; eyes small on outer side of the base;
lingual membrane thin; teeth (3. 1. 3.,) central sub-ovate; apex
truncated, reflexed, entire; lateral slender, subulate, curved; apex
acute, entire ; inner largest ; foot small, oblong. (Gray.)
S. papulosa, d/artyn; Chenu, f. 1649 and 1652 ; Murex stramt-
neus, Gul.; Woodwara’s Manual of the Mollusca, pl. 4, f. 6; S. nodu-
losa, Lamark; S. papulosa and S. vermis; Reeve, Conch. Lc., fi 3 and 4.
68 TRICHOTROPID.
Shell ovato-acute; whorls angled, with a row of nodules on the
ridge ; spirally striated ; whorls seven or eight ; yellowish, with close
longitudinal waved stripes of purple; interior purple ; mouth yellow, or
white in old shells.
Length, 3°5; breadth, 1°9; angle of spire, 55°.
Var. B.—Dark reddish-brown, covered with a white chalky epider-
dis ; mouth greyish-white, stained with black on the outer edges.
Var. C.—S. gigas, Sowerby ; Chenu, f.1651; S. vermis, Reeve; whorls
rounded, sub-nodulose.
North Island, common. Stewart Island, rare.
S. australis, Gm/.; Buccinum vermis, Martyn ; Adams Gen. of
Shells, pl. 27, f- 6; S. crenulata, Lamark; Quoy and Gaimard, L.c.,
il., 2. 430, D4 31,f- 7-93 S. australis, Reeve; Conch. Ic., f. 1; Chenu,
Ff. 1653. Shell ovato-acute ; whorls 6, angled, sub-noduse, finely spirally
striated ; body whorl flattened in the centre; columella very oblique ;
reddish-brown, with longitudinal undulating streaks of darker ; mouth
yellowish-brown ; interior pale violet.
Length, 1°75; breadth, 1; angle of spire, 55°.
Not found south of Cook Strait. Animal yellowish-white, with fine
reddish striz. (Quoy.) Quoy and Gaimard figure the animal, and
give a short account of its anatomy.
S. inermis, Sowerby; Thes. i, f 12. Shell ovato-acute; whorls
6, rounded ; widely spirally striated; body whorl slightly flattened in
the centre; sutures deeply excavated; pale brownish, longitudinally
streaked with reddish-brown.
Length, 1°6; breadth, 1'1 ; angle of spire, 62°.
Very rare south of Cook Strait, not uncommon in the north.
S. tricarinata, Lesson; Ann. ad. Se. Nat., Series 2, Vol.
16, ~. 256. Shell ovato-oblong, very finely transversely striated,
yellowish-brown, without marks; whorls 6, large, depressed in the
middle, girdled in the depression with two grooves; the first keel
salient, with a row of small nodules; lip thick, white and brown.
Height, ‘87 inch ; breadth, °55 inch.
The suture is not deep. (Lesson.)
South Island of New Zealand.
Lesson considers this as quite distinct from S. zodulosa and-from SS.
crenulata.
FAMILY—TRICHOTROPID.
Lingual teeth in seven series (3.1.3); the central hamate and den-
ticulated, the lateral curved, the inner denticulated, the two outer simple.
Rostrum broad and short ; tentacles wide apart, bearing the eyes on
swellings at the extremities of their lower halves. Mantle enclosed, with
a rudimentary siphonal fold. Foot small simple. Operculum sub-
annular, ovate, horny, with a sub-lateral nucleus. Shell spiral, more or
less turbinate ; whorls covered with an epidermis ; aperture sub-emargi-
nate anteriorly ; columella not plicate.
SCALARIDA, 69
Genus, TRICHOTROPIS—Broderip.
Shell turbinated, thin, whorls keeled ; mouth large, columella obliquely
truncated.
T. inornata, Hutton, CALM. p. 26; T. clathrata, Sow. Conch. Le.
f. 10; Voy. Erebus and Terror, Moll. pl. 1, f. 21. Small, cancellated,
spire produced, without fringes; a short anterior canal; pale brown or
white.
Length, ‘43 ; breadth, ‘25 ; angle of spire, 40°.
Auckland to Stewart Island. Chatham Islands.
The following is Sowerby’s description :—Shell fusiform, covered with
a thin pale epidermis, cancellated with slightly beaded spiral ribs, and
interstitial regular small concentric ribs; spire accuminated, whorls
angular, carinated above; aperture sub-trigonal, anteriorly acuminated ;
umbilicus narrow.
SECTION—HOLOSTOMATA.
Peritreme entire, no siphon. Herbivorous.
Sub-Section—Ptenoglossa.
Rachis teeth none, laterals numerous ( 0.0.00 .)
FAMILY—SCALARID:.
Lateral teeth simple, unguicular. ‘Tentacles subulate, with the eyes
on the outer side of their bases. Mantle enclosed, with a rudimentary
siphonal fold. Foot obtusely triangular, grooved below, furnished in
front with a fold or mentum. Operculum horny, spiral, of few whorls.
Shell spiral, turreted, variced ; aperture entire, without any notch or canal.
Genus, SCALARIA—Lamark.
Shell solid, lustrous; whorls convex, sometimes separated, orna-
mented with numerous longitudinal ribs ; aperture round, peritreme con-
tinuous, thickened.
S. zelebori, /vauenfeld, Reise der Novara, Moll. pl. 1, f. 6. Shell
pyramidal, accuminate, imperforate, white ; whorls about ten, rounded,
transversely obsoletely grooved, suture deeply disjoined ; varices numer-
ous, rather thick, erect, rather turned back, undulately crenated, sub-
angular near the suture ; last costula distinctly spirally marked ; aperture
sub-rotund.
Length, ‘95; breadth, -32 inch. (Frauenfeld.)
Auckland.
Frauenfeld refers this species, with doubt, to Adams’ sub-genus
Opatia, in which the shell is turreted, and imperforate, the whorls not
disunited, the last with a conspicuous spiral ridge round the umbilical
region.
K
70 SOLARIID,
S. lyra, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., No. 4, Sp. 27 Reeves Conch. Ic. f.
23; S. “ineolata, C.M.M., not of Keiner. Shell accuminate, imperforate
or sub-perforate ; whorls five to seven, rounded ; varices numerous, about
twenty. in the body whorl, thin ; mouth oval; white, with a pale brown
band on the anterior part of the body whorl.
Length, °45; breadth, :2; angle of spire, 32°.
Auckland. Philippine Islands.
FAMILY—SOLARIIDA.
Tentacles folded, with the suture below; eyes sessile on the surface
of their bases ; mantle included ; gill cavity divided by a longitudinal
fold ; foot moderate, formed for walking; operculum horny, spiral,
ovate or circular. Shell trochiform ; axis widely perforated ; aperture
not pearly within ; the tongue is unarmed (Gray.)
Genus, PHILIPPIA—Gray.
Operculum flat, orbicular, many whorled. Shell discoidal, sub-conic,
smooth ; aperture sub-quadrate, not pearly within ; umbilicus wide ; the
margin crenulated.
P. lutea, Zamark, Anim. Sans. Vert., ix., ~. 100; Reeve, Conch.
Ic. (Solarium,) f. 14; Adams, Gen. Moll., p. 25, 7- 8; Solarium luteum,
Chenu, f. 1355. Shell rather obtusely conoid, yellow ; whorls slopingly
convex, smooth, decussately malleated, encircled at the periphery, with
two white -red-beaded keels; umbilicus small, but little crenated
(Reeve. )
Mediterranean. Australia. Hauraki Gulf. (Mr. C. Mathews.)
According to M. Philippi, the animal resembles Z7ochws, and possibly
the genus should be united to AZonz/ea.
FAMILY—JANTHINID.
Lateral teeth numerous, uniform, simple, slender ; head proboscidi-
form ; tentacles short and obtuse, with pointed eye pedicels at their
base; eyes none; gills plumose, partially exserted; foot small, flat,
rudimentary, furnished with a vescicular appendage on the hinder part ;
sexes separate (?) ; eggs cohering into a raft; no operculum. Shell thin,
translucent, spiral, more or less turbinate, with a sinistral nucleus
(Pelagic. )
; Genus, JANTHINA—Bolten.
Shell sub-globose, violet, spiral; spire short ; whorls slightly angula-
ted; aperture large, quadrangular ; inner lip reflexed ; columella tortu-
ous ; outer lip thin, notched or sinuated near the middle.
The swimming-raft is regarded by some naturalists as a modified
operculum. ‘The ovarian capsules are fixed to its under surface. *
* Por a description of the-animal, see A. Adams in the Ann. Nat. Hist., 3rd
Series, x., p. 417, and Dr. Lacaze Duthiers, in the same periodical, 3rd Series,
XVii., p. 278.
JANTHINIDA. ii
J. communis, Zamark, Anim. Sans. Vert., ix., p. 43; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f- 5; Chenu, f. 517 (bad,) 518; Heltx zanthina, L. Whorls
four, convex, finely obliquely striated; spire depressed ; mouth large ;
columella rather short, twisted to the right; violet, getting whitish
on the spire.
Length, ‘65 ; breadth, ‘82 ; angle of spire, 107°.
North Isiand. N.S. Wales.
J. iricolor, Reeve, Conch. Lc., f- 23. Shell somewhat globose,
very thin; spire obtusely conical, more or less immersed ; whorls rather
narrow, rounded concentrically irregularly plicately striated ;_ striz
sinuated in the middle, purple violet, transparently iridescent ; colu-
mella scarcely reflected, rather twisted ; aperture open, slightly channel-
led at the base (Reeve.)
North Island.
J. exigua, Lamark, Anim. Sans. Vert.,ix., p 5; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,
jf. 21; Chenu, f- 519. Whorls four, convex, rather deeply obliquely
striated ; mouth large; columella straight, long; outer lip deeply
notched ; violet, with a whitish spiral band on the posterior margin of
the whorls.
Length, ‘4; breadth, -4; angle of spire, 85°.
Abundant on exposed sandy coasts.
North and South Islands. Chatham Islands. N.S. Wales and
S. Australia.
Sub-Section— Tenioglossa.
One row of rachis plates, and three lateral plates on each side (3. 1.3.)
SERIES—PROBOSCIDIFERA.
Head small; proboscis retractile under the base of the tentacles.
FAMILY—NATICID/:.
Animal bulky. Radula short. Tentacles lanceolate, wide apart,
united by a veil; eyes usually absent, or very minute, and placed beneath
the tentacular veil. Mantle enclosed. Foot very large and expanded,
rounded at both ends, much produced in front, where it is furnished with
a fold which covers the head and tentacles ; operculigerous lobe very
ample, reflected upon and partially concealing the sides and back of the
shell. Operculum spiral, few whorled. Shell spiral, usually smooth or
polished, more or less globular; aperture semi-lunar, sometimes very
large.
Genus, NATICA—Adanson.
Animal entirely retractile within the shell. Operculum horny, with
a calcareous outer layer. Shelli sub-globose ; spire rather elevated ;
columella adherent to, and spirally contorted in, the umbilicus.
N. zealandica, Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe, ii., p. 237, pl, 66, f. 11-12;
Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 90. Shell smooth, perforate, pillar visible in the
72 NATICID&.
umbilicus ; very finely transversely striate ; inner lip callous ; operculum
shelly ; yellowish or reddish brown, with about six interrupted spiral
chestnut brown bands; the spots generally lunate ; interior pale brown ;
columella, mouth, and interior portion of body whorl, white.
Length, 1°1 ; breadth, ros.
Omaha to Stewart Island; common in the north, rare in the south.
Chatham Islands.
Genus, LUNATIA—Lamark.
Animal entirely retractile within the shell. Operculum simple, car-
tilaginous. Shell sub-globose ; spire rather elevated ; inner lip thin, or
with a moderate callus ; umbilicus wide, pervious, not funiculate.
L. australis, Hutton; Jour. de Conch., 1878, ~. 23. Globose,
smooth, whorls 34 ; suture well marked, but not excavated ; umbilicus
rather narrow, without any groove; inner lip with a callus; brown or
grey.
Length, -3; breadth, ‘3.
Auckland.
I have not seen the operculum.
L. vitrea, Hutton, CMM. p. 21. Shell polished, smooth, white ;
perforated, pillar not visible in the umbilicus ; operculum horny.
Length, 35 ; breadth, °34.
Stewart Island and Chatham Islands.
FAMILY—PYRAMIDELLID.
Teeth rudimentary. Tentacles broad, folded, ear-shaped, connate at
their base, bearing the eyes immersed at their inner sides; mantle en-
closed, with a rudimentary siphonal fold ; foot produced and truncate
anteriorly, with a fold or mentum in front; operculum horny, sub-
spiral, with the columella margin sinuated. Shell turreted ; aperture
entire, or not produced into a canal in front; columella plaited.
Marine.
Genus, OBELISCUS—Humphrey.
Turreted, smooth ; aperture semi-oval, entire, rounded anteriorly ;
columella straight, with more or less numerous folds.
O. roseus, Hutton, CAZM., p. 22. Whorls flattened, smooth ;
white or pinkish, spirally banded with dark-pink.
Length, ‘2 ; breadth, ‘1.
Stewart Island.
Genus, CHEMNITZIA—D’Orbigny.
Shell slender, elongated ; whorls plaited; apex sinistral; aperture
simple, ovate ; peristome incomplete.
C. zealandica, Hutton, CMM, p. 22. Turreted; whorls
transversely plaited, smooth ; white.
EULIMID. 73
Length, ‘23; breadth, ‘1.
Stewart Island to Auckland.
Very like Zurbonilla nitida, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 112.
Genus, ODOSTOMIA—Fleming.
Shell subulate or ovate, smooth; apex sinistral ; aperture ovate;
peristome not continuous ; columella with one fold ; lip thin ; opercu-
lum indented on one side.
O. lactea, Angas; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 112, pl. 13, fi Ite
Shell turreted ; whorls flattened, very finely transversely striate ; white,
sometimes slightly tinged with pink ; sub-diaphanous.
Length, 3; breadth, -14.
Stewart Island to Auckland. Australia.
FAMILY—EULIMID:.
Teeth rudimentary. Tentacles simple, subulate ; eyes sessile at their
outer bases ; mantle enclosed, with a rudimentary siphonal fold ; foot
linguiform, produced in front, with a bi-lobed mentum or fold above the
front margin ; operculigerous lobe developed at the sides into even-
edged, unequal expansions or lobes; operculum horny, ovate, sub-
spiral. Shell white, smooth, polished, turreted ; aperture entire in front;
columella simple.
Genus, EULIMA—Risso.
Spire frequently with an interrupted varix on one side; apex acute ;
aperture oval, pointed behind; inner lip reflected over the pillar; axis
imperforate ; outer lip thickened internally.
E. chathamensis, Hutton, CMM, p. 23. Turreted; apex
blunt ; spire whorls obsoletely transversely plaited ; white.
Length, °23 ; breadth, ‘13.
Chatham Islands. Auckland.
SERIES—ROSTRIFERA.
Head produced into a rostrum, with the tentacles on the sides of its
base.
FAMILY—CERITHIID.
Radula long and linear ; laterals hooked, multicuspid ; outer laterals
conical, curved. Rostrum broad and short; tentacles wide-apart,
subulate ; eyes on short pedicels united to the outer sides of the tenta-
cles ; mantle-margin with a rudimentary siphonal fold in front ; gill com-
posed of a single series of plates; foot broad and short, angulated in
front; operculum horny, spiral or sub-spiral. Shell spiral, many
whorled ; aperture more or less channelled in front; outer lip often ex-
panded in the adult.
74 CERITHIIDA.
Sub-Family—Potamidine.
Operculum circular, of many whorls. Shell usually covered with a
brown epidermis ; the fore-part of the aperture more or less channelled
not produced into a beak.
Genus, CERITHIDEA—Swainson.
Eye pedicels, very long and thick, connate with the tentacles
nearly to their tips. Shell turreted ; apex of spire more or less decolla-
ted; aperture rounded, slightly emarginate anteriorly, with a dilated
thickened margin.*
C. alternata, Hutton, CALM, p. 26, not Cerithium alteratum,
Sow. Whorls deeply spirally grooved, with a small ridge in the bottom
of each groove, and transversely plicated ; outer lip expanded ; yellow-
ish-brown ; interior white, with spiral bands of purplish-black.
Length, ‘95; breadth, °38 ; angle of spire, 23°.
Tauranga. A single specimen only in the Colonial Museum, Wel-
lington.
GC. bicarinata, Gray; Dieff. N.Z.ii., p. 241; Voy. Erebus and
Terror, Moll., pl. 1, f, 20; Reeve, Conch. Ic. ( Cerithidea) f. 27; C. lutu-
lentum, Kein Mon. Certth, pl. 23, 7-1; Whorls rather convex, obsoletely
spirally striated, and transversely plicated ; the body whorl with two
spiral ridges on the anterior end, separated by a concave groove ;_ black-
ish-purple, generally with a rough brown or reddish-brown coating.
Length, 1°12; breadth, ‘38; angle of spire, 23°.
Common in the North Island, not found south of Banks Peninsula.
C. nigra, Hombronand Jacquinot Voy. Pole Sud., pl. 24, f: 34-36 5 C.
subcarina, Sowerby ; Reeve, Conch. Lc. ( Cerithidea) f. 28; C. australis, Gray,
Dieff. N.Z.,ii., p.241 ; nec. Lamark. Whorls nearly flat, shghtly transversely
plicated ; body whorl with two spiral grooves at the anterior end ; brown-
ish-black, often with a brown coating ; interior dark purple, with one or
two lighter bands.
Length, °45; breadth, 17; angle of spire, 28°.
Auckland to Dunedin. Chatham Islands.
Genus, BITTIUM—Leach.
Operculigerous lobe with rudimentary expansions on each side, and
furnished with a roundish, lanceolate cirrus (Lovén). Operculum sub-
circular, of four volutions. Shell turreted, granular, often with irregular
varices ; aperture with aslight canal in front, not produced nor recurved ;
inner lip simple ; outer lip acute, not reflexed, nor expanded.
B. terebelloides, v. Martens, Critical list of the Moll. of N.Z., p.
26; C. cinctum, Hutton, C.M.M., p. 27. Conical, turreted, yellowish
on the upper three whorls ; body whorl with four smooth spiral keels of
* Orithium bicolor and C. striatum of Hombron and Jaquinot, are quite unlike
any shell found in New Zealand, and are probably Polynesian or Australian species.
MELANIID&. 75
nearly equal size, the interstices between them with faint perpendicular
strize ; at the base of the body whorl there is a blunt angle, and beneath
it a fifth keel ; aperture deeply notched at the base, without any protrud-
ing canal ; the specimens, which are imperfect at the top, have a length
of °33 inch, and a breadth of ‘1. They show ten whorls. (Martens.)
Auckland to Stewart Island.
B. exilis, Hutton, CMM, p. 27. Whorls flat, deeply spirally
grooved, and transversely plicated ; sulcus deep; aperture rounded;
canal moderate ; light brown.
Length -21 ; breadth, 07.
Stewart Island, 30 fathoms.
This species sometimes has two nodular ridges on the spire whorls.
Genus, TRIPHORIS—Deshayes.
Tentacles clavate at the tips, united at their bases by a sinuated veil.
Operculum orbicular, few whorled. Shell turreted, sinistral ; aperture
round, produced anteriorly into a closed tubular canal, sometimes with
a posterior closed canal.
T. angasi, Crosse, Jour. de Conch. 1865, pl. 1, f. 12-133 C. mint-
mus, Flutton, C.M.M., p. 27. Whorls flat, sinistral, spirally grooved and
transversely plicated : aperture rounded ; anterior canal short, recurved,
posterior canal very short, open ; pale brown.
Length, ‘25 ; breadth, °7.
Stewart Island, 30 fathoms. Bay of Islands. Australia.
I am indebted to Dr. v. Martens for this identification.
T. gemmulatus, -Adams and Reeve, Voy. Samarang, Moll., p.
46.
Dr. v. Martens says that he has received this species from New Zea-
land. I have not been able to obtain a description of it.
FAMILY—MELANIID.
Radula long and linear ; lateral teeth uncinate, multicuspid ; rostrum
broad, annulated ; tentacles subulate, with the eyes on bulgings at their
outer sides ; mantle margin fringed, with a rudimentary siphonal fold in
front ; gill composed of rigid cylindrical plates ; foot broad and short,
angulated in front ; operculum horny, ovate, sub-spiral. Shell turreted,
covered with a thick dark-colored epidermis ; aperture often channelled
-or emarginate in front ; outer lip simple; fluviatile, sometimes vivipar-
ous.*
Sub-Family—Melanopsine.
Operculum ovate, sub-spiral. Shell covered with an epidermis ;
aperture with a distinct notch in front.
* Melania mirifica, Adams (P.Z.S., 1853, p. 99), is said by Reeve to come from
New Zealand, but Adams gives New Ireland as the habitat.
78 LITTORINID.
Genus, MELANOPSIS—Ferussac.
Shell ovate ; last whorl elongated, smooth, or longitudinally plicate ;
spire short, acute; aperture oblong, distinctly notched in front ; inner
lip thick, with a callus posteriorly ; outer lip simple, acute.
M. trifasciata, Gray; Dieff., N.Z, ii., p. 263, Voyage Erebus
and Terror, Moll., pl. 1, f. 18-22; M. zealandica, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep.,
xil., 2. 130; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f: 2. Shell ovate, thin, dark olive ; spire
short, conical, about 4 the length of the body whorl ; the last whorl
with three equi-distant chestnut bands; the callosity of the inner lip
yellow (Gray.)
Dunedin.
M. strangei, Reeve, Conch. Ic, f- 3. Shell somewhat globosely
ovate, rather thick, olive ; whorls very few, slopingly ventricose, longitu-
dinally wrinkled and malleated, partially obsoletely noduled ; aperture
ovate, slightly effused at the lower part ; columella callous at the upper
part, then excavated, concavely twisted at the base, but little reflected
(Reeve. )
According to Reeve this has a different contour, and a less twisted
columella than the last species. It is no doubt the same as fig. 18 of
the Voyage of the Erebus and Terror. I have not seen it from the
South Island.
FAMILY—LITTORINID&..
Radula long ; rachis teeth broad and hooked; laterals hooked and
oblong ; outer laterals conical, curved. Rostrum moderate, entire; eyes
sessile on the outer side of the tentacles; no neck lobes nor lateral
cirri; mantle with a rudimentary siphonal fold in front; gills 2, one
very large, occupying nearly the whole surface of the branchial cavity,
and formed of flat, free plaits ; foot with a linear duplication in front,
and a groove along the under surface ; operculum horny, spiral, of few
whorls. Shell spiral, turbinated or depressed ; aperture simple in front,
never pearly within.
Genus, LITTORINA—Ferussac.
Eyes sessile near the outer bases of the tentacles. Shell turbinate,
solid, of few whorls ; axis imperforate ; spire short ; aperture sub-circu-
lar, entire ; columella lip rather flattened ; outer lip simple, acute.
On rocks above low water mark ; semi-amphibious.
L. cincta, Quoy, Zc, i., p. 481, pl. 33, f/ 20-21 ; Reeve, Conch.
Ic., f- 53. Ovato-conical; spire acute; body whorl spirally striated ;
aperture oval ; columella flattened ; bluish black, with fine spiral bluish-
white lines ; generally covered with a brown epidermis ; interior deep
violet ; columella dark chestnut-brown.
Length, ‘85 ; breadth, °5 ; angle of spire, 46°.
Abundant in the South Island, rare in the North. Chatham Islands.
The operculum is many whorled (Tenison-Woods, P.L.S. of N.S.
Wales, ill., p. 67.)
LITTORINID&. 79
L. cerulescens, Zamark; Anim. Sans Vert., ix., p. 2173
Veen aeemencnsis Ouoy, ttm i, Pp. AGG, pl 33, f. SEL; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f- 94. Ovato-conical ; spire acute; body whorl lightly
spirally striated, sub-carinated in large specimens ; columella flattened ;
bluish-white, with a broad spiral band of blackish-blue on the body
whorl ; interior violet with a white band round the mouth.
Length, *45; breadth, -26; angle of spire, 43°.
Auckland to the Bluff, but smaller in the South. Chatham Islands.
Australia. Tasmania.
L. luctuosa, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f 65. Shell accuminately ovate,
imperforated ; whorls slantingly convex; longitudinally plicately striated,
spirally grooved towards the lower part ; livid brown; aperture rather
small, chestnut ; columella purplish (Reeve.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
L. novee zealandieze, Reeve, Conch. Lc., f- 74. Shell some-
what globosely turbinated; spire rather short, very sharp; whorls
rounded, spirally irregularly linearly grooved ; opaque white, obscurely
very faintly red-flamed ; aperture nearly rounded ; chestnut-brown in the
interior ; columella very broadly excavated, livid chestnut (Reeve.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
Genus, RISHLLA—Gray.
Eyes situated on the tentacles ; operculum ovate, sub-spiral. Shell
trochiform, with a flat or concave base ; axis imperforate ; whorls flat-
tened, the last angulated, often acutely keeled; aperture depressed,
oblique, rhombic, dark or variegated internally ; outer lip acute, simple.
R. melanostoma, Gm; Adams Gen. Moll., pl. 23, f. 5a, 0;
Chenu, f. 2127 ; R. kielmanseggt, Frauenfeld, Voy. der Novara, Moll., f. i.
Shell conical, bluish-brown; whorls plicato-nodulose, rugose, marked
with numerous oblique points; body whorl acutely angled; base
flattish, spirally grooved ; throat yellowish-white.
Length, 53 ; breadth, ‘64.
Auckland.
For the difference between the male and female of this species, see
the Rev. J. Tenison-Woods, P.L.S. of N.S. Wales, i, p. 242.
Genus, FOSSARINA—Adams and Angas.
Shell turbinated, depressed, broadly unbilicated ; whorls spirally
ribbed ; aperture circular, large, not pearly within; lip arcuate, simple ;
operculum horny, sub-spiral.
F. varius, Hutton, CALM, p. 35 (Adeorbis.) Spirally grooved,
smooth ; brown, irregularly varied with darker and white; interior
purple, varied with white.
Length, ‘17 ; breadth, -3.
Stewart Island to Auckland. Chatham Islands
80 RISSOIDE.
FAMILY—RISSOID-.
Inner lateral teeth very broad ; the apices incurved, lobed ; outer
laterals dissimilar, all with denticulated apices. Rostrum more or less
adnate below to the fore-part of the foot ; tentacles setaceous, with the
eyes on bulgings at their outer bases ; neck lobes none; foot angulated
in front, acuminate behind; operculigerous lobe with developed lateral
expansions, and usually furnished with a caudal tentacular filament ;
operculum horny, sub-spiral. Shell generally white, spiral, more or less
turreted ; aperture usually simple in front.
Genus, RISSOINA—D’Orbigny.
Operculum semi-lunar, sub-spiral ; muscular impression longitudinal,
with an elongated process before it. Shell turreted, mbbed or cancel-
lated; many whorled; spire acuminate; aperture ovate, effuse an-
teriorly, slightly channelled in front; outer lip anteriorly dilated,
thickened internally.
R. plicata, Hutton, CMM, p. 29. Elongated; whorls 6;
spire whorls with two, body whorl with about five, spiral ribs ; spire and
posterior part of body whorl transversely plicated; mouth round ;
white.
Length, ‘15 ; breadth, os.
Stewart Island.
R. rugulosa, Hutton, CMM, p. 28. Elongated; whorls
seven, smooth, obscurely transversely ribbed ; aperture ovate ; white or
yellowish-white.
Length, 3; breadth, -r2.
Stewart Island. Chatham Islands.
R. purpurea, Hutton, CM.M., p. 29. Elongated; whorls 6,
flat, not polished; sutures obscure; aperture round; spire purple or
purplish-red, with a posterior spiral white,band ; body whorl yellowish,
also with a posterior white band at the suture.
Leneth,, "1, ;y breadth, ios.
Stewart Island.
R. subfusca, Hutton, CMM, p. 28. Whorls 5, flattened,
smooth, but not polished ; aperture round; pale brown.
Length, ‘12; breadth, ‘o5.
Stewart Island.
R. fasciata, Adams, P.Z.S., 1851, p. 264; Reeve, Conch. Ic, f.
11g. Shell subulately-turreted, solid, dirty white, banded with reddish-
brown ; whorls 8, rather convex, transversely finely striated, longitudi-
nally plicated; plicee oblique, equal, rather distant ; aperture semi-
ovate, sub-channelled in front ; lip sub-dilated (Adams.)
New Zealand. (Sowerby.) Sydney. (Strange.)
RISSOIDA. 8I
Genus, BARLEEIA—Clark.
Operculigerous lobe simple ; foot slightly emarginate posteriorly ;
operculum testaceous, sub-annular, under surface with a raised rib and
a long, pointed, testaceous apophysis proceeding from the nucleus.
Shell turbinately conical ; whorls tumid, smooth or transversely striated ;
aperture oval, entire, contracted behind, rounded in front; outer lip
acute, simple.
B. flamulata, Mutton, Jour. de Conch., 1878, p. 28. Smooth;
red, generally with oblique white rays ; whorls 6 or 63.
Length, °25.
Auckland.
B. rosea, Mutton, CAZM., p. 29. Ovate; whorls 4, rather flat,
smooth, polished ; mouth round ; white or bright-pink.
Length, ‘07 ; breadth, ‘os.
Stewart Island.
B. nana, Hutton, CMM, p~. 28. Whorls 5, swollen, finely
transversely ribbed ; aperture ovate ; white.
Length, ‘1; breadth, ‘o5.
B. impolita, Hutton, C.M.M., p. 29. Ovate ; whorls 4, rounded,
finely spirally striated ; mouth ovate ; white, not polished.
Length, ‘1 ; breadth, ‘06.
Stewart Island.
Genus, BY THINELLA—Moguin-Tandon.
Operculigerous lobe simple; operculum sub-spiral. Shell elonga-
tely conical, thin, smooth, covered with an olivaceous epidermis ; axis
imperforate ; aperture oval; peritreme continuous; outer lip acute,
simple.*
Fresh water.
B. antipoda, Gray; Dieff, N.Z., ii, p. 241; Voy. Erebus and
Terror, Moll., pl. 1, f. 19. Shell ovate, acute, sub-perforated, (generally
covered with a brown earthy coat); whorls rather rounded ; mouth ovate ;
axis three lines ; operculum horny and sub-spiral (Gray.)
Var.—Spire rather longer ; whorls more rounded. (Gray.)
Auckland. Dunedin.
B. zealandiz, Gray; Dieff, N.Z., ii, p. 241; Voy. Erebus and
Terror, Moll., pl. 1, f. 19 (below). Shell ovate, turreted, imperforated,
pellucid, greenish, generally covered with a brown earthy coat ; whorls
* I follow the Rev. J. Tension-Woods in putting these shells into the genus
Bythinella, but they are very different in form from Bythinella nuclea (Lea) from
California. Mons. Fischer considers that Hydrobia should be restricted to marine
shells only ; Dr. Paladilhe, on the contrary, restricts it to fresh water forms
(Ann. d Sci. Nat., vi-i., p. 7.)
82 RISSOID.
convex; mouth roundish, ovate, rather reflexed; axis three lines;
operculum horny, sub-spiral.
Like the former, but smaller and more tapering. (Gray.)
Lake Guyon.
B, egena, Gould, Pro. Bost. Soc., ii., ~.753 A gracilis, Gould,
U.S. Ex. Tipeap 27. jo wade one)! ates elongate, turreted, deli-
cate, smooth, or with faint striz of growth, covered with a thin, pale
green epidermis; spire acute; whorls 5, convex, the last one half the
length of the shell, and partially perforate; aperture ovate, one-third the
length of the shell; peristome entire, acute, rising before an indistinct
umbilical chink, one-third the length of the shell, SOME TINS evasive
(Gould.)
Length of axis, 4 inch; breadth, {4 inch.
Bank’s Peninsula.
Probably &. antipoda, zealandie, and egena are identical.
B. speleea, Zrauenfeld ; Verhandl de k.k. Zoologtsch, Botanischen,
Gesellsch tn Wren., 1863, xil.; Band, ~. 1022. Shell conical, solid,
bone-colored, sub-transparent, faintlyshining. Five whorls slightly convex;
suture a little excavated; aperture oval; margin dark, dilated, free
above, connected below with the mouth, where it covers the narrow
fissure-like umbilicus.
Length, ‘rt inch; breadth, ‘o5 inch. (Frauenfeld.)
Probably small specimens of B. antipodum.
B. fischeri, Dunker; Mal. Blatt, viii., 1862, ~. 152. Shell
oblong-conic, sub-turrited, rimate, sub-solid, horny or reddish ; whorls
6 or 7, rounded, obsoletely striated; suture deep; last whorl half the
length of the shell; aperture ovate ; peristome thickened, continuous ;
operculum sub-spiral, thin.
Length, ‘28 ; breadth, ‘15. (Dunker.)
Lake Rotoiti and Auckland.
Distinguished by its convex whorls and deep suture. Dr. Dunker
agrees with Dr. v. Martens that it may possibly be P. corol/a without
spines ; but this is very doubtful, as I have never found P. coro//a near
Dunedin, while 4. fscherd is common.
B. badia, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep., xii., p. 126, f 150. Shell minute,
elongate, ovate-turreted, rather solid, of a Spanish-brown colour; spire
of five or more whorls, forming an acute spire, eroded at tip; whorls
moderately convex, shouldered above, the last indistinctly angular at
periphery ; imperforate ; aperture one-third the length of the shell ;
peristome complete ; edge black, thick ; Seeman Uren sub- circular, eccen-
tric ; surface smooth.
Length, 2 4 inch; breadth, 4 inch. (Gould.)
Bank’s Peninsula.
B. reevei, /rauwenfeld, l.c., p. 1024. Shell small, acute, conical,
solid, dull-whitish, sub-transparent ; whorls 54, angulated, nearly flat and
perpendicular, step-like ; occasionally the whorls are more convex, and
angles less step-like, although always distinct ; aperture moderate, oval ;
TURRITELLIDA. 83
margin sharp, close to the columella, so that the visible umbilicus is
reduced to a fissure ; keel sometimes with a brown margin, and some-
times irregularly granulated.
Length, ‘15 ; breadth, ‘o8. (Frauenfeld.)
Probably the same as the last. I have a specimen from Auckland.
Genus, POTAMOPYRGUS—Stimpson.
Shell ornamented with spines ; rhachidian tooth not strongly trilo-
bate below ; basal denticles of each tooth minute and close to the
lateral margins ; denticles of intermediate tooth numerous and equal in
size.
P. corolla, Gould, U.S., Ex., Ep., xii, p. 129, f 149; Reeve,
Conch. Ic. (Melania,) f. 366 ; Paludestrina cumingiana and P. salleana ;
Fischer, Jour de Conch., viii., ~. 208-209 ; Hl. crosset, Frauenfeld, Lc.,
p- 595, A. ciliata (Gould,) Frauenfeld, l.c., p. 1025. Shell ovate, thin,
transparent, pale oliye ; whorls 5 to 6, broadly angled round the upper
part, spined at the angle ; aperture somewhat squarely ovate (Reeve.)
Common in the North Island.
P. Cumingiana is said, by its author, to be distinguished by its glo-
bular ventricose form ; absence of spines on the first 34 whorls, their
greater number (17-20) on the last whorl; their length and obliquity
(curving toward the spire ;) the obsolete keel on the last whorl corres-
ponding to the spines ; and the peristome being slightly thickened and
entire. . sad/eana is more conical, less globular, shorter spines, and, on
the last four whorls, keels lirate but below the spines ; the last whorl is
proportionately less swollen. (Tenison-Woods.)
FAMILY—TURRITELLID.
Radula minute, very short; teeth in seven series (3. 1. 3.,) each
series consisting of a sub-quadrate median tooth, with an incurved, den-
ticulated apex, and of three similar ligulate uncini on each side, all with
hamate, serrulated summits. Rostrum short, broad ; tentacles long and
subulate ; the eyes slightly prominent on their external bases; mantle
with a fringed margin, obscurely siphonated at the right side ; branchial
piume single, very long; foot very short, truncate in front, rounded
behind, grooved beneath; operculigerous lobe simple; operculum
horny, circular, multi-spiral; edge of the whorls fimbriated. Shell
spiral, many whorled ; aperture simple in front.
Genus, TURRITELLA—Lamark.
(Sub-Genus, Haustator.) Aperture sub-quadrangular ; whorls with a
broad groove in the middle ; outer lip sinuated.
T. rosea, Quwoy, Z.c., ili., p. 136, Al. 55, 7 24-26; Reeve, Conch. Lc.,
jf. 41. Whorls flattened, spirally striated, the ribs of unequal sizes,
84 VERMETID&.
generally several small ones between bigger ones, at irregular distances ;
sutures deep in the anterior whorls only ; mouth sub-quadrate ; reddish-
brown or yellowish ; finely spirally banded with purplish-brown.
Length, 3°5 ; breadth, ‘95 ; angle of spire, 20°.
Common in the North, rare in the South. Chatham Islands.
Animal: foot greenish or yellowish, spotted with brown; mantle
with whitish lunules, regularly disposed ; tentacles white. (Quoy.)
T. vittata, Hutton, CMM, p. 29. Whorls flattened, sutures
generally scarcely showing; finely spirally striated ; mouth sub-quad-
rate ; yellowish-white with distant spiral brown bands, about four on the
base. '
Length, 1°8; breadth, *5; angle of spire, 15°.
North Island.
T. fulminata, ution, C.MM.., ~p. 29. Whorls flattened in the
centre, sutures deep; finely spirally striated throughout ; mouth sub-
quadrate ; white with longitudinal undulating markings of pinkish-
brown.
Length, 1°2 ; breadth, 3 ; angle of spire, 18°.
Great Barrier Island and Auckland.
T. pagoda, Reeve, Conch. Ic, f- 60. Shell somewhat pyrami-
dally turreted ; whorls 14 or 15 in number, spirally sharply-ridged, con-
spicuously encircled with a single sharp rib towards the base ; first few
whorls two ribbed, the upper one quickly disappearing; whitish,
obscurely flamed with light fulvous colour (Reeve.)
Great Barrier Island.
Closely related to 7: conspersa from China.
Genus, EGLISIA—Gray.
Shell elongately turreted ; whorls numerous, rounded, with obsolete
longitudinal varices, suture depressed ; aperture orbicular, small ; inner
lip flattened, incrassated, angulated at the fore-part, not reflexed an-
teriorly ; outer lip thickened internally ; animal unknown.
E. symmetrica, Hutton, C.M.M., ~. 30. Whorls rounded, with
three equal and equally distant spiral mbs; sutures deep; mouth
roundish ; white.
Length, °67 ; breadth, :22; angle of spire, 23°.
Stewart Island.
FAMILY—VERMETID~.
Dentition (?) Rostrum produced ; tentacles short, triangular, eyes
small, at their external bases. Mantle with the margin entire, embracing
the neck ; gills enclosed in a line on the left side of the mantle cavity.
Foot cylindrical, not serving for locomotion, dilated, sub-clavate, or
truncated in front. Operculum horny, circular, many-whorled or want-
SILIQUARIID. 85
ing. Shell irregularly twisted, tubular, attached, often regularly spiral
when young ; aperture round.*
* Vernetus cariniferus, Gray, Dieff., N.Z., 1.,p. 242, and Zoology of the Voyage
of the Erebus and Terror, Moll., pl. 1, f. 23, is an Annelid.
Genus, SIPHONIUM—Browne.
Operculum large, smooth, circular, concave ; scar central, rugose.
Shell usually fixed, tubular, whorls often carinated, irregular and tortuous ;
aperture round, peritreme acute, continuous.
S. lamellosum, Hutton; C.M.M., p. 30. Shell thick, irregularly
twisted, with numerous imbricating transverse ridges, which are often
reflexed ; mouth round, operculum hemispherical; white, sometimes
tinged with pale violet. Diameter of mouth, ‘2.
Forms large masses not attached to other bodies. Deep water.
Genus, CLADOPODA—Gray.
Foot elongate, front end simple, hinder extremity oblong, clavate, or
sub-truncate. Operculum none. Shell tubular, irregularly sub-spirally
twisted, whorls disunited ; aperture round, peritreme acute, continuous.
C. zealandica, Quwoy, Zc, ili, p. 293, pl. 67, f. 16-17; Morch,
P.Z.S., 1862, ~. 82. Shell white or brownish, lightly longitudinally
striated ; animal, with the head blackish with red spots ; margin pale
yellow ; foot spotted with red ; the head is yeliowish behind, brown and
dotted with red in front; the foot yellowish with red spots ; the mantle
is broadly bordered with bright orange. (Quoy).
Bay of Islands. .
Genus, STEPHOPOMA—Morch.
Shell fixed in the adult, contorted, solitary or agglomerated ; aperture
lightly inflexed above, obsoletely effuse below ; lines of growth bi-arcuate,
bent back ; operculum closely spiral, below convex, above concave, set
long, multifid, protected ; animal viviparious. .
S. roseum, Quwoy, Zc. ill., ~. 300, pl. 67, f 20-24, Morch, P.Z.S.,
1861, g. 150. Shell small, spirally extended, cylindrical, rugose, pink.
(Quoy).
Length, 6 to 8 lines.
Foot long and cylindrical. Body black, with yellowish tints. (Quoy).
FAMILY—SILIQUARIID.
Like Vermetide, but the mantle and shell with a longitudinal slit ;
operculum many-whorled.
Genus, SILIQUARIA—Brug.
Operculum fringed ; foot end truncate, circular; shell glassy internally.
86 CALYPTRIDA.
S. Australis, Quoy, Zc, ill., p. 302; Chenu, fig. 2310. Shell
irregularly spiral, sub-cylindrical, transversly rugose ; longitudinally finely
striated ; white, reddish behind. (Quoy.)
Length, 4 inches 2 lines ; diameter of tube at the base, 8 lines.
Australia.
A small Sz/éguarta, found in the Hauraki Gulf, may perhaps belong
to this species.
FAMILY—CALYPTRID..
Rhachis teeth small and broad, with the apex hooked, the lateral
teeth flong and hamate. Head large, transverse ; muzzle slightly pro-
duced, furnished anteriorly with buccal appendages ; tentacles short,
subulate, eyes small, on bulgings at their external bases ; mantle con-
siderably developed, lining the shell, simple edged in front; branchial
plume single, placed obliquely across the mantle cavity; foot flat, ex-
panded ; operculum none. Shell patelliform ; apex more or less spiral ;
aperture wide, with an internal shelly appendage. The eggs are carried
and hatched under the neck, in front of the foot.
Genus, TROCHITA—Schumacher.
Foot transversely-oblong, bilobed in the middle in front. Shell
orbicular, trochiform, more or less spiral; apex central or sub-central ;
whorls convex, radiately rugosely plicate; axis imperforate ; aperture
wide, with an oblique transverse, sub-spiral lamina, simple on the
columella margin.
T. scutum, Lesson; Voy. Coquille, Zool., i., p. 3953 T: tenuis,
Gray, P.Z.S., 1867, ~p. 735. Depressed ; spire conical, salient, almost
median ; surface with concentric striz, covered with a yellowish epider-
mis; aperture entire, rounded, thin; interior pearly, very smooth;
columella short, a little dilated at its base, and continued as a thin
horizontal lamina, striated and convex above, indented in front and
connected with the edge on the left side ; umbilicus none (Lesson.)
Length, rx lines ; breadth, 9 lines ; height, 4 lines.
Auckland to Dunedin.
T. novee zealandie, Lesson, Zc, i., ~. 395; Z: maculata, Quoy,
and Gaunara, UG. Inn: A2Z2, Plo 72,9. 0-0 3 NCeUe CONG IC., yen
Shell rounded, convex; spire small, conic, salient, lateral, posterior,
covered with a thick epidermis, lamellate, and with three elevated rays ;
interior concave, pearly ; aperture entire, thin ; columella lateral, dila-
ted at its insertion and furnished with a triangular lamina which partly
hides the wide umbilicus ; the columella is continued into a transverse
lamina, indented on its free border, and attached to the left margin ;
this lamina is pearly, slightly convex, smooth ; epidermis deep greenish-
yellow ; interior white ; a spot of purple in the centre (Lesson. )
Length, ro lines; breadth, 8 lines ; height, 34 lines.
Auckland to Dunedin.
CAPULID&. 87
Tentacles, mantle, and foot yellow; rest of the animal white.
(Quoy.)
Genus, CRYPTA—Humphrey.
Head large, transverse, depressed ; foot rounded, slightly truncate in
front. Shell ovate, oblong; apex posterior, oblique, sub-marginal ;
aperture elongated, polished within, the posterior half covered by a
horizontal shelly lamina ; edge of lamina rather straight.
C. costata, Deshayes ; Anim. Sans Vert. vii., p. 644; 0. & G.,
Le, Mies. ATA, p/.-72, f. 10-123, Chenu, 7. 2353 ;. Reeve, Conch. Ic.,
( Crepidula,) 7. 21. Shell ovate, radiately ribbed, ribs distant, flexuous,
prickly tubercled, interstices striated; brownish-white, stained and
lineated towards the margin with purple ; margin flexuous; internal
appendage rather large; opal white, concave (Reeve.)
North Island.
Carpenter considers this species the same as as aculeata, Gm.
(Cat. Mazatlan Shells, in the British Museum, p. 268.)
Tentacles black at their external base; extremity of the Tea
tentacles, and contour of the foot yellow, the margin of the mantle
marked with the same colour ; remainder of the animal white (Quoy.)
C. monoxyla, Lesson; Voy. Coquille, Zool., ii., p. 3914 C. contorta,
Quoy and Gaimard, lc, i., p. 418, pli 72, f- 15-16. Shell oblong,
elongated, slightly spiral, convex above, concave below, the right margin
_arched, excavated in the middle, contracted in front, the left margin
rounded ; keel convex and dorsal, slightly spiral ; apex posterior, termi-
nal; internai lamina slightly sunk, the free margin straight, nearly
flat and slightly striated: above; greenish-white ; interior white and
pearly, with a greenish tint in the centre (Lesson.)
Length, 7 lines ; breadth, 44 lines ; height, 3 lines.
Bay of Islands to Auckland. Only found in the North.
Animal yellow. (Quoy.)
C. unguiformis, Zamark; Anim. Sans Vert., vii., p. 642; Reeve,
Conch. Ic. (Crepidula,) f. 1; Chenu, f. 2360. Shell oval or oblong, flat
or concave, often twisted, smooth, externally concentrically striated,
sometimes covered towards the margin with a yellowish hairy epidermis,
internally shining white; appendage rather largely septum-shaped,
slightly notched at the side (Reeve.)
Extremely variable in form, according to its place of attachment,
but always thin and white.
Auckland to Dunedin.
For a figure of the teeth, see Gray’s ‘Guide to the Mollusca,”
PNG:
FAMILY—CAPULID.
Tongue membrane winged on each side in front; teeth as in
Calypiride. Rostrum lengthened ; tentacles subulate, with the eyes on
bulgings at their outer bases ; mantle simple in front ; gill forming. .a
M
88 ACMAEADA.
single plume placed obliquely across the mantle cavity, laminz elongate,
linear, partly exposed ; foot folded on itself, the sides simple, anteriorly
thin and strap-shaped, posteriorly thick, orbicular and concave ; oper-
culum none. Shell limpet-like ; apex sub-spiral, in the young regularly
spiral ; interior simple ; muscular impression horse-shoe shaped.
Genus, HIPPONYX—Blainville.
Shell thick, obliquely conical; apex posterior ; base shelly, with a
horse-shoe shaped impression.
H. australis; Zam. an. s.v., vi., ~. 3353; Quoy and Gaimard, L.c.,
ili., 2. 434; pl. 72, f 25-34. Shell thick, obovate, gibbous, obliquely
conical, reddish ; longitudinal striz thick and undulating ; apex acute,
inflexed ; margin denticulated ; interior white, centre yellow (Lamark.)
New Zealand and Chatham Islands. Australia.
Animal probably yellow, with the mouth and tentacles black.
(Quoy.)
FAMILY—ACMAADZ.
Radula long, with two central, and two hooked lateral teeth on each
side in an oblique line, the inner often the larger. Head with a short
muzzle ; mouth with cartilaginous jaws; tentacles subulate; eyes on
bulgings at their outer bases; mantle margin simple or fringed ; gill
forming a single pectinated plume on the side of the back of the neck ;
foot large, ovate, with a simple impressed groove ; operculum none.
Shell depressed, conical, or cup-shaped ; aperture wide, with a cresentic
muscular impression, interrupted in the region of the head.
Genus, ACMA A—Eschscholtz.
Mantle margin fringed ; foot oval, flat. Shell patelliform, regular,
depressedly conical, surface smooth or with radiating strize; apex anterior,
sub-central ; aperture very wide, muscular impression non-symmetrical, the
anterior part under the right side.
A. pileopsis, Quoy and Gaimard, L.c., ili., p. 359, Pl. 71, f. 25-27.
Shell ovato-convex, very finely longitudinally striated ; blackish, spotted
or reticulated with white ; interior bluish ; margin black ; apex re-curved
near the margin (Q. & G.)
Length, 9 lines ; breadth, 7 lines; height, 4 lines.
Bay of Islands and the French Pass to Dunedin. Auckland Islands.
A. cantharus, “Reeve, Conch. Lc. (Patella,) f- 131. Shell ovate,
rather thin, convex ; apex very anterior, sharp, hooked, smooth ; black,
irregularly blotched with white ; interior blackish-chestnut (Reeve.)
Differs from the last only in the larger white blotches. Tenison-
Woods says that it comes from Tasmania.
A. Pragcilis, Chemnitz; Quoy, 1c, i... 2: 351, p/. 71, 7:,.28:30%
NERITID&. 89
Lotta fragilis, Gray, Dief. N.Z, u., p. 240; P. unguis-alme,
Lesson, Voy. Cogutlle, Zool., i, p. 420. Ovate, depressed, mem-
branaceous, pellucid, concentrically striated ; apex re-curved, marginal ;
green, with sub-concentric brown bands; interior with a green ring
round the muscular impression.
Auckland to Dunedin.
Animal uniformly clear orpiment yellow ; tentacles black (Quoy.)
A. corticata, sf. zov. Oval, conical, with fourteen to twenty-two
rounded, roughened ribs; apex sub-central; brownish or purplish-
white ; interior white, sometimes with a black margin ; above the mus-
cular impression white or brown, sometimes faintly radiately streaked
with black.
Height, -35 ; length, 55 ; breadth, °5.
Dunedin.
This small species much resembles P. pwncturata, Lamark, from
Honduras, but it has no red marks. The animal is bluish-white, irregu-
larly spotted with dark-purple. The shell is very variable, but easily
recognised by its rugose ribs, looking as if it was covered with a coralline
growth.
DIvVISION—ASPIDOBRANCHIATA.
Herbivorous ; upper wall of respiratory cavity not prolonged into a
siphon ; radula with one rachis row, 4—6 intermediate, and many small
lateral rows (rhipidoglossal.) Foot large; gills two, generally nearly
equal ; penis none. Shell conical, spiral, or flat. These are the Scute-
branchs of Cuvier.
FAMILY—NERITID&.
Lingual dentition, very similar to that of the Zyochid@, the central
teeth few, the laterals very numerous. Head with a short broad muzzle ;
tentacles slender and subulate, with the eyes on stout peduncles at their
outer bases ; no head lobes or neck lappets ; foot oblong, triangular, the
sides simple, without filaments or lateral membranes. Operculum articu-
lated, shelly, sub-spiral. Shell depressed or oval, not umbilicated ; spire
very short ; cavity simple, from the absorption of the interal portions of
the whorls ; aperture semi-ovate, not pearly within.
Genus, NERITA—Linneus.
Animal with the mantle-margin festooned. Shell smooth or spirally
grooved ; epidermis horny ; outer lip thickened and sometimes denticu-
lated within ; columella with its inner edge straight and toothed.
N. atrata, Zamark, /.c., vi., p. 603; Reeve, Conch. Ic, fi 16;
IV. nigra, Gray, Dieff, N.Z, i., p. 240. Shell spirally striate, blue-
black, white and chalky when eroded ; interior grey ; columella and
near the mouth white ; mouth and outer edge of columella blue-black ;
operculum papillose outside, pale purple, with two spiral bands of black-
ish-purple.
go TROCHIDA.
Length, 7 ; breadth, 1.
Common in the North, not found south of Wellington. Australia
and Tasmania.
Genus, NERITINA—Lamark.
Operculum shelly, the outer surface smooth, with two apophyses,
the upper shorter, sometimes dilated and crested, the lateral in the form
of an arched rib. Shell globose, oval, thin, covered with a horny ept-
dermis ; aperture semi-lunar; inner lip straight, flattened, the margin
smooth or denticulated ; outer lip simple internally.
Generally fresh water, but sometimes brackish or salt water.
N. zealandica, Recluz, P.Z.S., 1845, p. 120. Shell ovato-oblong,
ventricose, thin ; whorls 3—4, upper often eroded, the last horizontally
compressed near the suture ; black, thickly painted with grey longitudi-
nal angled lines, sometimes yellowish above, and broadly fasciated
below ; columella sub-compressed, saffron-yellow, margin denticulated
and scarcely arched in the middle ; outer lip thin, dirty reddish, interior
milky, and slightly thickened (Recluz.)
Height, 8 ; breadth, °3 inch.
“New Zealand ; on stones in mountain streams.”
The locality is probably erroneous, but I have re-produced the des-
cription, as it has been overlooked in former lists.
FAMILY—TROCHID.
Radula elongate, rachis teeth broad, laterals five, denticulated,
uncini very numerous, slender, with hooked points. Head proboscidi-
form ; tentacles subulate, sometimes ciliated ; eyes on free peduncles at
their outer bases ; two more or less developed head lobes between the
tentacles ; gill single, long, and linear; sides of the foot. with a large
neck lappet near the eye peduncle, continuous with a conspicuous side-
membrane bearing on its free margin from three to five tapering fila-
ments ; operculigerous lobe often ornamented with cirri ; operculum
horny, spiral, often with a solid convex calcareous coat ; rarely wanting.
Shell pyramidal, turbinate or ear-shaped ; aperture pearly within.
Sub-Family—Turbinine.
Operculum orbicular, horny, with a solid, convex, calcareous coat.
Shell turbinate, the last whorl rounded and ventricose ; aperture sub-
circular ; inner lip smooth, simple.
Genus, TURBO—Linnezus.
Turbinated, solid ; whorls convex ; aperture large, rounded, slightly
produced in front ; operculum shelly and solid, callous outside, inter-
nally horny and pauci-spiral.
T. smaragdus, Martyn; Lamark, Lc, ix. p. 194; QO. & Gs;
Zc, i, p. 219, pl. 60, f 6-8 ; Adams’ Gen. of Moll. pl. 43, f- 1 ; Chenu,
Ji 2532. Sub-globose, imperforate ; smooth, or slightly roughened with
TROCHIDA. 91
oblique transverse striz ; columella flattened ; blackish green, covered
with a brown epidermis (old worn dead shells are sometimes pink 3)
inside white, slightly iridescent ; mouth dark-green.
Length, 2:25 ; breadth, 24; angle of spire, 85° to 103°.
Var. £.—Spire whorls with one, and body whorl with three, spiral
rounded: ribs ; columella generally dilated and flattened anteriorly.
In the young the spire whorls are sometimes sub-spinose.
Common. Auckland to Dunedin.
T. granosus, Jartyn,; 7: rubicundus, Reeve, Conch. Lc, f. 11;
Chenu, f. 2552; Hogg. Trans. Micros. Soc., 1866, pl. xi., f, 51 (teeth.)
Sub-globose, imperforate, with spiral moniliform ribs ; whorls 4; colu-
mella with a sinistral depression ; reddish-purple, varied with white ;
interior white, slightly iridescent.
Length, 2°15; breadth, 2°35 ; angle of spire, 85°.
Chatham Islands. Auckland to Dunedin. Auckland Islands.
The operculum has a convex, sub-central, granular rib, and a sharp-
edged sub-marginal keel, and forms the genus A/ode/ia of Gray.
T. shandi, Hutton, CM.M., ~. 35. Spire depressed ; whorls
flattened, with several moniliform spiral ribs, the marginal rib of the
body whorl larger than the others; white or pinkish-white, varied with
brown and purplish-brown ; interior white, slightly pearly.
Length, °3 ; breadth, ‘5.
Chatham Islands only.
The generic position of this shell is at present doubtful, as the oper-
culum is not known.
T. lajonkairii, Deshayves, Mag. de Zool., 1839; Reeve, Conch. Lc.,
Jf. 5. Shell ovate, umbilicated ; whorls obscurely undulately irregularly
ribbed and ridged, two angled in the middle, scaled at both angles;
scales somewhat laciniated and frondose, gradually fading towards the
apex ; whitish, banded with green at the angles ; pearly within (Reeve.)
New Zealand. (Deshayes.) Keeling Island. (Darwin.)
A large species, distinguished by the vivid green bands on the angles
of the whorls. I do not think that it really belongs to New Zealand.
T. undulatus, Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., x., pl. 169, f- 1640-1;
Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 3. Shell orbicular, broadly and deeply umbilica-
ted ; whorls sometimes grooved, sometimes smooth; bluish-green, longi-
tudinally marked with white zig-zag streaks (Reeve.)
New Zealand (Earl.) Australia.
Sub-Family—Astraline.
Operculum oblong or ovate, with an external, solid calcareous coat.
Shell trochiform, flat or concave at the base; whorls rugose or spinose,
the last often stellate or keeled ; aperture usually sub-quadrate.
Genus, CALCAR—Montfort.
Trochiform, thick, with a flat or concave base; whorls keeled or
92 TROCHID&.
stellated ; aperture angled outside ; operculum shelly, concave outside,
with a spiral rib.
CG: cookii, Lomark; Leite: 130s sO.GiG:,.. 1.0.5. Wa ipalzeas
pl. 60, f. 19-23; Cookta sulcata, Adams, Gen. Moll, pl. 45 f- 33 Chenu,
fi 2581. Conical, body whorl rather ventricose ; whorls rounded,
obliquely plaited and crossed by oblique rough imbricating laminze
sloping the opposite way to the plaits ; central part of base smooth,
hollowed in the middle ; pinkish-brown ; pearly inside.
Length, 2°25; breadth, 3:5; angle of spire, 86° to 92°.
Common in the North Island, very rare in the South. Chatham
Islands.
GC. davisii, Stowe, Trans. N.Z. Inst., iv., p. 218. Conical ; body
whorl sharply angled and keeled; whorls slightly rounded, obliquely
plaited and crossed by oblique rough imbricating laminz sloping the
opposite way to the plaits; central part of the base smooth, scarcely
hollowed in the middle; pinkish-brown ; pearly inside.
Length, 3°65; breadth, 3°3 ; angle of spire, 57° to 60°.
Cook Strait and Blind Bay.
The spire is much more acute than the last, but perhaps it is only a
variety.
C. imperialis, Zamark, 1c, ix., p. 122; 0.& G, La, iii, Z
226, pl. 61, f. 1-4; Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca, pl. 10, f 4;
Hogg, Trans. Micros. Soc., 1866, pl. 11, f- 46 (teeth.) Conic; obtuse ;
whorls convex, with spiral scaly ribs, and a spinose radiate margin ;
spines curved to the left and backwards; perforation funnel-shaped,
extending to the apex; above purplish or reddish-purple ; base nearly
white ; interior iridescent.
Length, 1°8; breadth, 3°5 ; angle of spire, 110°.
From Hauraki Gulf to Stewart Island. Chatham Islands.
In the young shell the marginal spines are fewer and longer than in
older ones. As the animal gets older the upper spines break off to the
base, and get so covered with coralline growth that they are difficult to
distinguish.
Sub-Family—Rotelline
Rostrum rudimentary ; frontal lobes greatly developed ; operculum
horny, thin, of many gradually enlarging whorls finely ciliated on the
outer edge. Shell orbicular, depressed, polished, porcellanous ; umbili-
cal region often covered with a large callus.
Genus, ROTELLA—Lamark.
Orbicular, depressed, imperforate, polished ; base convex and cal-
lous ; mouth sub-rotund ; inner lip ending in a simple point.
R. zealandica, Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. Pole Sud. Moll., p.
53, pL. 14, f. 5-6; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 11; Umbonium szealandicum,
Adams, P.Z.S., 1853, p. 189; Chenu, f- 2604-6. Body whorl rather
TROCHID, 93
angled, more or less sulcated along the keel ; colour variable ; generally
yellowish-white, with radiating chestnut rays ; rays often purple or pink ;
sometimes entirely brownish-pink, with an iridescent play of colours ;
columella white, with a circular band of purple.
Length, °5; breadth, -85; angle of spire, 92° to 111°.
Common. Auckland to Dunedin.
Although this shell is very common on sandy beaches, I have never
obtained one alive.
Sub-Family— Trochine.
Operculum horny, orbicular, composed of numerous narrow whorls,
with the nucleus central. Shell conoidal or pyramidal, the last whorl
more or less angulated at the circumferance, and usually flattened
beneath ; aperture more or less transverse, wider than long.
A.—Shell subulately conical ; porcellanous ; aperture
not pearly within” - - - - - Bankivia.
B.—Shell conical, with a flat base.
a.—Umbilicated.
Margin of umbilicus smooth - - - Anthora.
sane: pe crenated - - - Clanculus.
6,—-Imperforate.
Aperture quadrangular - - : - Lizyphinus.
C.—Shell elevately conoidal ; imperforate.
a.—Columella, more or less toothed.
Whorls granulated or ribbed - - - Thalotea.
Whorls smooth or polished - - - LElenchus.
6.—Columella not toothed.
Outer lip thin - . : - = - Cantharidus.
D.—Shell conoidal.
a.—Umbilicated.
1.—Aperture subrhomboidal.
Columella simple — - - . . - Gibbula.
A spiral ridge encircling the umbilicus = -_- Ch/orostoma.
2.—Aperture circular.
Whorls with granular ribs - - = - Luchelus.
Whorls smooth or striated- - - - Margarita.
6.—Imperforate.
Columella forming a ridge on the outer lip- De/oma.
a ending in a small tubercule - TLrochocochlea.
E.—Shell depressed.
Umbilicus wide, callous. - - - - Monitlea.
Genus, ANTHORA—Gray.
Shell conoidal; whorls compressed, sub-quadrate, flat in front;
aperture contracted, quadrangular; pillar lip twisted, simple; axial
cavity moderate, narrow, with several opaque sub-spiral ridges.
A. tuberculata, Gray, Dieff: N.Z, ii., p. 239; Voy. Erebus
94 TROCHID.
and Terror, Moll., pl. 1, f- 6; T: acinosus, Gould. Shell conical, rather
produced, whitish ; whorls flat, with four series of large rounded tuber-
cles ; the front of the last whorl flat, with rather close spiral ridges, the
inner ones the largest, and the outer ones very small ; umbilicus conical,
with three spiral ridges ; opaque-white (Gray.)
Auckland to Dunedin. Chatham Islands.
A. tritonis, 4. Adams, P.Z.S., 1854, p. 132. Shell elevatly-coni-
cal, pseudo-umbilicated, green variegated with white; upper whorls
rather gibbous, ornamented with transverse rows of granules; last whorl
angulated, the base concave, white, concentrically striated, umbilical
region funnel-shaped ; columella tortuous above, the margin tubercu-
lated (Adams.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
Perhaps the same as the last.
A. viridis, Gmelin; Reeve, Conch. Ic. (Trochus), f- 79; T: fulvo-
labris, Homb. and Jacg., Voy. Pole ‘Sud., p. 56, pl. 14,7 14-16. Shell exca-
vately umbilicated, conical, green ; whorls seriately plicately grained ;
grains sometimes small and obtuse, sometimes larger, fewer, and some-
what spinous ; base flatly concave, circularly striated (Reeve.)
Perhaps the same as A. ¢uberculata.
A. chathamensis, Hutton, CMM, p. 36. Whorls flat, with
an elevated upper edge, and, together with the base, spirally striated ;
columella with a slight posterior fold, anterior portion nearly smooth ;
axial cavity small, smooth ; white with pink or brownish-purple mark-
ings ; base white, with interrupted pink spiral lines.
Length, °3 ; breadth, :35 ; angle of spire, 70°.
Chatham Islands only.
A. tiarata, Quoy, and Gaim., 1c, iii., p. 256, pl. 64, f. 6-11; P.
elegans, Gray, Dieff. N.Z., ii., ~. 238. Whorls slightly convex, often
with an elevated upper edge, and six or seven spiral rows of beads; ,
columella with a slight posterior fold, anterior portion toothed or
smooth ; axial cavity deep, smooth, conical ; white with brownish-purple
dots both on the upper surface and on the base ; ; axial cavity white.
Length, 45; breadth, ‘6 ; angle of spire, 75°.
Common in the North, ‘rare in the South Island. Dunedin. A
very variable shell.
Animal: Tentacles and filaments white ; foot white, with a brown,
border below, and a broad black band on the sides; mouth black
(Quoy.) eae a
For an account of an abnormal form of operculum in this species,
see Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., series 2, vol. 18, p. 468.
- Genus, CLANCULUS—Montfort.
Shell conoidal ; axis imperforate ; whorls almost always granulated,
the last rounded at the periphery ; aperture usually narrowed ; columella
spirally twisted above, forming a false umbilicus, with a crenate margin;
TROCHIDA. 95
end of columella with numerous, strong, tooth-like plaits; outer lip often
strongly dentate internally.
C. variegatus, Adams, P.Z.S.,1851,p. 160. Shell depressed, conical,
pale, variegated with brownish-red ; whorls swollen above, ornamented
with rings of granules ; body whorl acutely angled, base flat ; umbilicus
crenulated ; columella tortuous above, margin reflexed, crenulated, base
terminated by a biplicate tooth (Adams.)
Auckland (?) Common in S. Australia.
Genus, HUCHELUS—Philippi.
Turbinated, sub-globose ; whorls with granulated -spiral ribs; often
perforated ; columella with a small tooth in front ; outer lip thick, inter-
nally crenated; operculum sub-circular, of few rapidly enlarging
whorls. :
BE. bellus, Wutton, CM.M., ~. 37. Small, imperforate, anterior
end of columella with a deep notch ; pinkish-white varied with darker ;
inside white, pearly.
Length, ‘25; breadth, ‘25.
Chatham Islands. Auckland.
Genus, DILOMA—Philippi.
Shell conoidal, smooth, imperforate, umbilical region covered with a
thin porcellanous expansion of the columella ; columella margin pro-
duced anteriorly, forming an elevated ridge round the inner margin of
the outer lip.
D. ethiops, Gmelin; T. sealandicus, Quoy, Lc, ili., p. 257, pl.
64, f. 12-15 ; Monodonta reticularis, Gray, Dieff. N.Z., i1., p. 238. Sub-
globose ; whorls spirally distantly grooved and obliquely striated ;
rough when not worn ; purplish black or purple, spirally tessellated with
white ; mouth purplish black, ouside of columella brownish ; when not
rubbed, brownish-purple.
Length, 1; breadth, 1:2.
Very common ; variable in shape, the spire being sometimes much
depressed.
Auckland to Dunedin. Auckland Islands. Chatham Islands.
Animal: Foot yellow below, with a brown stripe round the contour,
black on the sides, with touches of yellowish-white behind ; filaments
greenish ; mouth yellowish (Quoy.)
D. hectori, Hutton, CMM. p. 37. Sub-globose, conical,
roughish ; purplish black; the spire when eroded dark-green ; anterior
portion of body whorl yellow ; mouth yellow, with a thin purple ring
inside.
Length, °75 ; breadth, ‘8.
West Coast of the South Island. Dunedin.
More conical than the next species, and differently coloured, but
perhaps a variety of it.
N
96 TROCHID.
D. undulosa, Adams, P.Z.S., 1851, p. 182, Voy. Erebus and
Terror, Moll., pl.1, f. 15. Trochus attritus, Hombron and Jacqutnot,
Voy. Pole Sud, p. 57, pl. 14, f- 19-20. Shell globoso-conical, imper-
forate ; spire depressed, greenish, ornamented with longitudinal undu-
lating lines of purplish- “black, longitudinally substriated ; inner lip
smooth ; margin of the columella sub-tuberculated ; outer lip sulcated
within; margin brownish-yellow, articulated with purplish-black (Adams.)
Dunedin.
D. nigerrima, Chemnitz, v. pl. 185, f, 1848, Adams Gen.
Moll., pl. 47, f- 7; Chenu, f- 2658, Zurbo nigerrimus, Gml. ; Turbo
guoyt, Kien; Turbo araucanus, DOrb,; Labio melanoloma, Menke.
Purplish-black, lightly spirally striated, interior white, iridescent.
Length, °55 ; breadth, ‘85.
Auckland to Dunedin. Chatham Islands. Auckland Islands.
D. corrosa, Adams, P.Z.S., 1851, p. 180. Shell turbinated, im-
perforate ; spire slightly elevated ; whorls rounded, rugose, dirty-blue ;
body whorl sub-angulated ; inner lip smooth ; columella simple ; outer
lip margined with yellow (Adams. )
New Zealand. (Hart.) Dunedin.
D. (2) concolor, Adams, P.Z.S., 1851, ~. 180. Shell turbinately-
conical, imperforate ; spire acute, brownish, longitudinally obliquely
striated, transversely sub-lirate ; inner lip smooth ; umbilical region im-
pressed ; columella arcuate, terminated in front by a tubercle ; outer
lip margined with brownish-black (Adams.)
New Zealand. (Hart.)
D. gaimardi, Pippi; T: cingulatus, Quoy, Zc, iii., p. 259, pl.
64, f 16-20 (not of Broccht ;) Monodonta angulatum, Gray, Die. N.Z.,
il, #, 238. Depressed, conical, with spiral granular ribs; black, the
ribs with a few yellowish spots ; aperture white.
Ibength;, -3);, breadth,’ +5.
Auckland to Dunedin.
Animal black above, smoky below. (Quoy.)
Genus, TROCHOCOCHLEA-—Klein.
Shell solid, conoidal, imperforate in the adult ; whorls smooth or
transversely lirate, the last rounded at the periphery; aperture nearly
rhomboidal ; columella thick and rounded, ending anteriorly in a
slightly prominent tubercle.
T. subrostrata, Gray, Dieff. N.Z, u., p. 238; Smuth, Voy.
Erebus and Terror, Moll., pl. 1, f- t4. Shell conical, sub-orbicular;
solid, black, with close wavy longitudinal yellow lines; spire short,
whorls 5 ; last large, rounded, hinder part with three to six spiral keels ;
axis imperforated ; throat smooth and silvery (Gray.)
Auckland to Dunedin. ©
T. mimetica, Hutton, Jour. de Conch., 1878, p. 32. Perforated;
TROCHID&. 97
inner lip thin, slightly expanded over the always open umbilicus ;
purple, with oblique slightly waved white lines ; columella more or less
stained with green.
Length, *5 ; breadth, °6.
Auckland.
T. excavata, Adams and Angas, P.Z.S., 1864, p. 373 T. con-
stricta, Hutton; Jour. de Conch., 1878, p. 33 (not of Lamark.) Shell
depressedly conoidal, imperforate, yreenish, cinerous, ornamented with
close undulating longitudinal purplish-black spots; whorls convex,
transversely sulcated ; the last large, acutely angled at the periphery ;
base flat ; aperture sub-quadrate, very oblique ; lip white, excavated ;
inner lip smooth (A. & A.)
Length, 3 lines; breadth, 4 lines.
New Zealand. (Angas.)
A depressed species, with a concave base, and with the inner lip
excavated.
Genus, CHLOROSTOMA—Swainson.
Shell conoidal, usually deeply umbilicated, or with the umbilical
region covered with a callus ; whorls smooth or longitudinally corruga-
ted ; the last generally keeled at the periphery ; aperture oblique ; inner
lip with an acute tubercle at the fore part, continuous with a spiral ridge
which encircles the umbilicus; outer lip angular at the base, usually
with one or two tubercles.
C. niger, Chemnitz, v. pl , J. 1647 5 Trochus nigerrimus, Gml.;
C. corrugatum, A. Adams, P.Z.S., 1851, p. 182. Shell orbicular-
conoidal, deeply umbilicated ; spire sub-acute, longitudinally corruga-
tely plicated and obliquely striated ; last whorl sub-rotund ; base flat,
convex ; umbilical region white, sub-callous ; columella with two tuber-
cles, the upper large (Adams.)
I do not know on whose authority this shell has been put down to
New Zealand.
Genus, THALOTIA—Gray.
Conical, turreted, solid, granulated, imperforate ; mouth longer than
wide ; columella sub-truncate, tubercular ; outer lip thickened and cre-
nulated within ; operculum multi-spiral.
T. conica, Gray, in King’s Vovage, Appendix i., p. 479 ; Adams’
Gen. Moll., pl. 48, f. 1; Chenu, f. 2620. Whorls 7, ornamented with
spiral moniliform lines, of which there are six on the spire whorls, and
about eight on the body whorl in front of the mouth ; columella ending
abruptly in a rounded tooth; body whorl dark-purple, with oblique,
more or less zig-zag pale lines; spire whorls paler, the beading spotted
with brown and dark purple ; often pale purple, with the beading dark-
purple.
Length, 75 inch.
Auckland (?) Australia. Tasmania.
98 TROCHID/.
Genus, ZIZYPHINUS—Leach.
Trochiform, conical, imperforate; body whorl angular; mouth
quadrangular ; columella simple, sometimes terminated by a tooth.
Z. punctulatus, Martyn; Gray, Dieff. N.Z., ii., p. 237; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f. 95; ZT: diaphanus, Quoy and Gaim, Le., i., p. 254, pl. 64,
f. 1-5. Shell ovately conical, imperforate, rust white, dotted in rows
with red and white; whorls 7, slopingly rounded ; gemmed throughout
with rows of granules ; narrowly canaliculately impressed at the suture ;
aperture obliquely ovate, nearly circular (Reeve.)
Auckland to Dunedin. Chatham Islands.
Z. granatum, Chemnitz; Lamark, lc, ix, p. 145; Z tigris,
Martyn, Reeve, Conch. Lc., f. 4. Rather solid ; body whorl ventricose,
not much angled, with fine spiral moniliform lines, about eighteen to
twenty-five on the body whorl in front of the mouth, from the suture to
the keel; columella with a small callosity over the umbilicus ; chestnut,
more or less marbled with white.
Length, 2°13 ; breadth, 2°5 ; angle of spire, 75°.
Auckland to Cook Strait. Chatham Islands.
Z. spectabilis, Adams, P.Z.S., 1854, p. 37, pl. xxvii, f 7; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f. 5. Shell regularly conoid, rather ponderous; whorls
slopingly convex, grain ridged ; ridges rather distant, grains large, inter-
stices between the ridges smooth, excavated, flesh-colour, or yellowish ;
ridges dotted with pinkish-red (Reeve.)
Axis, 1°75 to 2 inches.
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
Z. scitulus, Adams, P.Z.S., 1854, p. 38; Reeve, Conch. Ic, f
44. Shell umbilicated, tumidly conical, rather thin, orange fulvous,
minutely articulated with crimson dots, and here and there flaked with
white ; whorls convexly sloping, spirally striately ridged; ridge next the
suture larger (Reeve.)
Axis, *55 inch.
New Zealand. (Strange.) Common in Australia.
Z. selectus, Chemnitz; Reeve, Conch. Ic., ft. Like Z grana-
tum, but the spiral moniliform lines are further apart, about ten on the
body whorl in front of the mouth, from the suture to the keel, and the
beading is larger ; purplish-chestnut, varied with darker, often forming a
row of spots at the suture.
Length, 1'4; breadth, 1°5 ; angle of spire, 75°.
Cook Strait. ;
Z. cunninghami, Grav, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 6. Thin; whorls
flattened ; suture obscure ; body whorl much angled with fine spiral
moniliform lines, about ten on the body whorl before the mouth, from
the suture to the keel, beading much smaller than in the last ; columella
with a large callosity over the umbilicus; pinkish white, with reddish-
purple dots on the ribs ; base nearly white.
TROCHID&. 99
Length, 1°35; breadth, 2:2; angle of spire, 85.°
Common in Cook Strait, not known in the South.
In the young the body whorl is less sharply angled ; there is often a
row of purple spots round the suture, and the base is ornamented with
interrupted pinkish-brown lines.
Genus, CANTHARIDUS—Montfort.
Ovate conical ; whorls slightly keeled ; columella with a small tooth
in front; outer lip entire; throat smooth; mouth sub-ovate, rather
elongate ; operculum circular.
C. iris, Gm. ; Elenchus tris, Gray, Dieff: N.Z., ii., p. 239 3 Wood-
ward’s Manual of the Mollusca, pl. 10, f- 8. Whorls slightly rounded,
smooth, spirally striated ; body whorl more or less keeled ; pinkish, with
irregular longitudinal zig-zag red markings; apex often transversely
banded with white.
Length, 1°3; breadth, 1°1 ; angle of spire, 50°
Common in the North, rare in the South. Chatham Islands.
The young shell is perforated, but the perforation gets covered over
by a callous expansion.
C. zealandicus, Adams, P.Z.S., 1851, p. 169; C. iris, Chenu,
J. 2669; Z. purpuratus, Lam., \x., p. 158. Whorls slightly rounded,
smooth, spirally striated ; body whorl slightly keeled; imperforate ;
Purple, or pinkish-purple, with irregular longitudinal zig-zag reddish-
purple markings.
Length, 1°8 ; breadth, 1:4 ; angle of spire, 50°.
North Island only. Chatham Islands.
C. purpuratus, Martyn; TZ. elegans, Gmelin; Whorls slightly
rounded, rough, spirally grooved and obliquely striated ; body whorl
slightly keeled ; imperforate ; rose-pink or pinkish-white, with longitudi-
nal flexuous streaks of rose-pink.
Length, 1°1 ; breadth, ‘7 ; angle of spire, 50°.
Auckland to Dunedin, rare in the South.
C. texturatus, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep., p. 181, f 206. Shell coni-
cal, imperforate, solid, girded with about five obtuse ribs on the upper,
and nine on the lower whorls ; colour cinereous, tinted-green or roseate,
generally faintly tessellated with pale rose spots on the ribs; intercostal
spaces half the breadth of the ribs ; surface having the lines of growth
faintly laminated, and crossed by fine revolving lines ; when somewhat
worn the prominence of the rib becomes smooth, and the cancellated
sculpture appears only in the interspaces; nacreous underneath, as
appears by its roseate pearly tip ; whorls 7, scarcely convex, the basal
one obtusely angular ; aperture nearly circular, somewhat effuse at the
base ; columella rounded, edged with green ; outer lip bevelled within ;
interior pearly, faintly greenish, scarcely iridescent; operculum thin,
horny, multi-spiral (Gould.)
Axis, 1 inch; diameter, ‘7 inch.
100 TROCHID.
C. jucundus, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep., p. 177, f- 209. Shell small,
solid, low conical, composed of about six conical whorls, with a slight
vertical portion at base; the whole girdled with fine uniform beaded
lines, the alternate ones being generally smaller, sometimes even not
beaded, and the two basal ones surrounding the vertical portion being
larger ; base a little convex, similarly sculptured with about twelve con-
centric lines gradually diminishing from the centre to the circumference
the umbilical region colourless, not perforated, and with a groove-like
impression beside the columella ; aperture rhomboidal-orbiculate ; colu-
mella arcuate, smooth ; lip simple; colours arranged in radiating flamu-
les, alternately white, strawberry-red, and pale flesh colour, gradually
shaded into each other ; on the base the dark or light red are distribu-
ted along the granules in a somewhat articulate manner; nacreous
beneath.
Axis 2 inch ; diameter 2 inch (Gould.)
C. pallidus, Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. Pole Sud., Moll., p. 55,
pl. 14, f- 12-13. Shell elongated, conical, encircled longitudinally by
ribs which enlarge anteriorly ; colour whitish, with spots of brown placed
obliquely, and corresponding in all the whorls ; mouth pearly, oval,
iridescent in the interior (H. & J.)
Length, °85 ; breadth, 65 inch.
C. episcopus, “omb. and Jacg., Voy. Pole Sud., Moll., p~. 55, pe.
Shell blackish, shining, reddish when young, burnished afterwards,
and at last taking, towards the last whorls, a deeper tint ; spire long, of
five whorls ; mouth rounded, trenchant, and pearly in the interior ; no
umbilicus (H. & J.)
Length, 1°1 ; breadth, °8 inch.
Auckland Islands. Campbell Island.
GC. huttonii, Smth, PLS. Zool., xi. (1876,) p. 558; Gibbula
plumbea, Hlutton, Jour. de Conch., 1878, ~. 33. Shell shortly conical ;
umbilicus covered ; bluish-black or purplish-black, at the apex worn
white ; whorls 5-6, rather convex, ornamented with 7-8 spiral strie and
lines of growth ; last whorl obtusely angled at the periphery, below
slightly convex, lightly impressed in the umbilical region; aperture
quadrato-circular, iridescent within, finely sulcated ; lip a little thick-
ened, whitish, with a narrow black margin ; columella scarcely arcuate,
thickened, covering the perforation.
Height, °35-°58 ; Diameter, ‘28-42 inches. (Smith.)
Abundant from the Bay of Islands to Dunedin.
C. pupillus, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep., p. 186, f, 208. Shell small,
ovate-conic, rather solid, perforate, ash coloured, with darker greenish
on the ribs, sub-surface brilliant silvery ; surface with small flattened,
nearly equal and equi-distant ribs, about five on the upper whorls,
separated by interspaces of the same width, and with fine crowded
lamellar lines of growth by which the interspaces are distinctly barred ;
spire of six convex whorls, the last obtusely angular, flattened at base
and with much finer and more crowded ribs and grooves ; aperture
TROCHIDA. IOI
circular ; columella somewhat arcuate, with a minute groove like
umbilicus at its side; lip sharp ; interior pale and opaque near the lip;
minutely punctured, and with crimson iridescence within (Gould.)
Axis, *3; diameter ‘25.
C. tenebrosus, 4. Adams, P.Z.S., 1851, p 170. Shell small,
elevato-conical, imperforate, blackish, transversely sulcated, sulci whitish,
smooth ; whorls hardly convex, the last sub-angulated ; base convex ;
aperture sub-rotund, interior white, pearly; lip sulcated within
(Adams. )
New Zealand (British Museum.)
This shell is narrower and more Coarsely sulcated than C. huttontz.
C. rufozona, 4. Adams, P.Z.S., 1851, ~. 170. Shell conoidal,
pale, ornamented with transverse red ribs, interstices smooth; last
whorl rounded; lip lrated within, the margin articulated with red
(Adams.)
This species is added to our list, on the authority of Mr. E. A.
Smith, who says that specimens from New Zealand exist in the British
Museum.
Genus, ELENCHUS—Humphrey.
Conical, imperforate; spire elevated, pointed; whorls flattened,
smooth, polished ; aperture oval, sub-triangular ; columella with a tooth
near the middle ; outer lip thickened interiorly.
Australia.
E. dilatatus, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 251. Shell
short, sub-cinereous, rather distantly spirally nbbed; spire short ; whorls
4, the last broad ; aperture dilated ; greenish-blue, iridescent. Remark-
able for the expansion of the last whorl (Sowerby.)
New Zealand. (Brazier.)
Genus, BANKIVIA—Beck.
Conical; spire elevated; whorls smooth ; aperture sub-quadrangu-
lar, not pearly inside ; columella twisted, simple.
B. varians, eck, i Krauss Sudafric Moll.; Woodward's
Manual of the Mollusca, pl. 10, f- 9; Chenu, f. 2674-5. Variable in
colour, white, purple, rose, or black ; plain or banded, sometimes with
longitudinal wavy lines.
Length, ‘6.
Cook Strait. Australia. Tasmania.
Neither the animal nor the operculum of this genus are known.
Genus, MONILEA—Swainson.
Orbicular, depressed, largely umbilicated ; whorls spirally grooved ;
the body whorl rounded ; umbilicus surrounded by a striated callosity ;
columella terminated in front by one or two tubercles.
102 TROCHID,
M. egena, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep., p. 196, f 228 (Solarium ;) M.
zealandica, Hutton, C.M.M. Spire acute; whorls deeply spirally
grooved, some of the ridges sub-granular ; umbilicus transversely finely
striated ; brownish-white, with radiating fiexuous bands of brownish-
purple.
Length, ‘2 ; breadth, 3 ; angle of spire, 80°.
Auckland.
Genus, GIBBULA—Leach.
Conical, solid, generally umbilicated ; aperture sub-rhomboidal, the
angles rounded; columella gradually arched; operculum of many
gradually enlarging whorls.
G. sanguinea, Gray, Dief NZ, ii., p. 238; Smith’s Voy. Erebus
and Terror, pl. 1, f, 12. Shell top-shaped ; white, with rows of numer-
ous blood-red spots; whorls flattened, the last obscurely keeled ; the
front rather convex, with sharp-edged, low, spiral keels (Gray.)
Auckland. Chatham Islands.
G. simulata, Hutton, CMM, p. 36. Whorls convex, faintly
spirally striated, umbilicus generally closed; pink or pinkish-brown,
generally with white markings on the spire.
eneth, -3'5 breadth, -25.
Chatham Islands only.
G. nitida, Adams and Angas, P.Z.S., 1864, p. 36. Shell elevately-
conoidal ; apex obtuse, widely umbilicated, smooth, shining, greenish-
yellow, painted with longitudinal purple and red flammules, and with
transverse interrupted Jines of the same; whorls swollen, trans-
versely striated, the last obtusely angled at the periphery; base
convex ; umbilicus angled at the margin; aperture rotundo-quadrate;
interior vividly iridescent ; lip simple ; inner lip sulcated (A. & A.)
Length, 24 lines ; breadth, 24 lines.
Hokianga. (Angas.)
G. inconspicua, Hutton, CALM. p. 36. Depressed; whorls
convex, faintly spirally striated ; umbilicus always open; brownish-
green or brown, more or less marked with purplish-brown and white.
Length, ‘15 ; breadth, -2.
Perhaps the same as the last.
G. oppressa, Hutton, Jour. de Conch., 1878, p. 34. Whorls
flattened posteriorly, and more or less keeled ; closely spirally ribbed,
the ribs rounded but rather rough ; axis sub-perforated ; aperture sub-
rhomboidal ; dark purplish-black.
Length, ‘23; breadth, -25.
Auckland.
Genus, MARGARITA—Leach.
Shell thin, usually without any colouring, globosely conoidal, umbili-
cated ; whorls rounded, smooth or transversely striated ; aperture nearly
circular ; columella ending in a simple point.
TROCHIDZ. 103
M. antipoda, Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. au Pole Sud., iv., p.
58, pl. 14, f. 26-28. Shell small; spire of three whorls, the two first
extremely small; iridescent above and below, with transverse bands of
greenish on the upper part ; aperture large and round; left lip sharp,
the mght flattened ; umbilicus just indicated, and almost stopped up
by the right lip; operculum horny, regularly multi-spiral. (H. & J.)
Length, °35 ; breadth, *35 inch.
Auckland Islands.
M. fulminata, Witton, CMM, p. 36. Whorls convex, smooth,
umbilicus generally open; colour various, generally pink, with white
radiating markings round the sulcus, but sometimes white zig-zag
markings extend over the whole shell; sometimes olivaceous, with or
without white markings.
Wength, 3); breadthigas:
Chatham Islands only.
M. rosea, Hutton, CMM, p. 36. Depressed; whorls convex,
smooth, faintly transversely striated ; pinkish-white, with three or four
narrow pink spiral bands, and some purplish spots on the body whorl
near the suture.
Length, 1°5 ; breadth, -23.
Stewart Island. Campbell Island.
M. zealandica, Sowerby, in Reeves Conch. Ic., f. 17. Shell
depressed, conical, spirally grooved, spotted with red; last whorl flat-
tened beneath ; umbilicus broad, keeled ; aperture small; columella
strong, slightly cuneate below (Sowerby.)
Dunedin (F.W.H.)
Sub-Family—Stomatelline.
Foot often very thick, fleshy, developed posteriorly; operculum
thin, horny, ovate, of few rapidly increasing whorls, often entirely
wanting. Shell more or less ear-shaped, of few whorls ; aperture very
wide.
Genus, SCISSURELLA—D’Orbigny.
Animal like Margarita ; tentacles long, pectinated, with the eyes at
their base; foot with two pointed lappets and two long slender pec-
tinated cirri on each side. Operculum thin, horny, sub-spiral. Shell
minute, spiral, heliciform, depressed, widely umbilicated ; spire short ;
aperture sub-orbicular, not pearly within ; outer lip with a narrow fissure
or slit in the adult. .
S. mantelli, Woodward, P.Z.S., 1859, p. 202, pl. 46. Like S.
elegans, but rather larger, more depressed, more strongly ornamented,
and a longer scissural band (Woodward.)
New Zealand (W. Mantell,) among iron-sand. For a figure of S.
elegans, see Chenu, f. 2717, p. 364.
oO
104 HALIOTID&.
FAMILY—HALIOTID.
Radula with a small median tooth, flanked by two beam-like laterals
and numerous uncini with denticulated hooks, the four inner being very
large. Head witha short broad muzzle; tentacles subulate, with the eyes
on stout cylindrical peduncles at their outer bases, and with a fimbriated
lobe, or an emarginate veil between them. Mantle margin fissured in
front, the left lobe elongated into an anal siphon, occupying the anterior
perforation of the shell ; gills two, unequal. Foot thick and fleshy, the
sides with a double membrane, furnished with serrated lobes and _fila-
ments on the edges, and continued anteriorly in a free crest under the
head. Operculum none. Shell ear-shaped; aperture large, nacreous
and iridescent internally, perforated with a series of holes.
Genus, HALIOTIS—Linneus.
Ear-shaped, with a small flat spire; aperture very wide, iridescent,
exterior striated, dull; outer angle perforated by a series of holes, those
of the spire progressively closed; muscular impression horse shoe-
shaped, the left branch greatly dilated in front.
H. iris, Martyn ; Lamark, 1c., ix., p. 23; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 37.
Spire small, obtuse; outer lip continuous and produced beyond the
body whorl; columella slightly concave, the posterior end not curved
into a spiral; outside rugose, plicated; outside pale brownish-white ;
interior dark metallic-blue and green, with yellow reflexions and an ir-
descent play of colours ; paler in the young.
Breadth, about 6-5 inches.
Common. Chatham Islands. Auckland Islands. Auckland to
Dunedin.
H. rugoso-plicata, Chemnitz; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 7; Chenu,
Go 27345, ae australis, Lamark, 1.05 1%, p- 25. @opire large, optuse,
body whorl with obliquely longitudinal plications crossed by fine trans-
verse rough strize; posterior portion of outer lip not projecting beyond
the body whorl; posterior end of columella produced into a_ broad
spiral; outside pinkish-brown ; interior pale, highly iridescent.
Breadth, about 3°75.
Omaha to Dunedin. Chatham Islands. Auckland Islands. South
Australia.
H. gibba, PAlippi, Abbild und Besch, Conch. Hatliotis, pl. ix., fi 2;
Reeve, Conch. It., f- 42; Voy. Erebus and Terror, pl. 1, f. 16. Spire
moderate, obtuse ; body whorl longitudinally grooved, and irregularly
transversely plicated; posterior portion of outer lip not projecting
beyond the body whorl; posterior part of columella much curved, but
hardly spiral ; outside variegated with green, brown, and white ; interior
pale, highly iridescent.
Breadth, about 2°5.
Not so common as the others.
Omaha to Dunedin. Chatham Islands. Campbell Islands.
FISSURELLID#. 105
H. zealandica, Reeve, P.Z.S., 1846, p. 57; Conch. Ic, f. 64.
Shell oblong, rather depressed, spirally irregularly grooved ; intermediate
ridges obtuse, now broad, now narrow; six holes open; exteriorly
peculiarly marbled with reddish-chestnut and red-tinged white (Reeve.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
H. cruenta, Reeve, P.Z.S., 1846, ~. 593; Conch. Ic., f 56. Shell
ovate, a little attenuated anteriorly ; spire rather elevated, spirally pecu-
liarly striated in a waved and wrinkled manner; perforations somewhat
approximated; eight open; beautifully variegated with white dotted
scarlet, and scarlet dotted white (Reeve.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
Perhaps the same as 7. rugosso-plicata.
H. stomatizeformis, Reeve, P.Z.S., 1846, p 573; Conch. Ic, f.
74. Shell oblong, ovate, very convex, spirally striated, radiately finely
plicated ; spire nearly terminal, elevated; five perforations open ;
marbled with olive-green (Reeve.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
FAMILY-—FISSURELLIDA.
Radula with a central median tooth, five denticulated uncini, and
numerous slender hooked laterals. Body broad and conical. Head
with a short wide muzzle ; tentacles subulate, with the eyes on slightly
elevated tubercles at their external bases. Mantle margin fissured in
front, the free edges forming an anal siphon occupying the anterior
fissure or perforation in the apex of the shell; gills two, symmetrical on
the back of the neck. Foot dilated, sides with the upper part
furnished with a series of .short cirri, or rudimentary filaments. Oper-
culum none. Shell, in the adult, conical, symmetrical, not spiral,
either pierced at the apex, or more or less grooved or fissured anteriorly ;
aperture wide, not pearly within, muscular impression crescentic, open
in front.
Genus, FISSURELLA.—Bruguiere.
Mantle margin fringed with cirri; anal siphon short, truncate
membranous, projecting from the perforation in the shell. Shell conical,
radiately ribbed ; apex sub-anterior, or central ; anal perforation oblong,
sub-apical. j
F. squamosa, Hutton, CMM, p. 42. Solid, oblong, with strong
radiating, more or less squamose, ribs ; anal perforation small, apical
margin crenated ; brownish ; interior white.
Height, 25; length, ‘9; breadth, ‘6; anal perforation, ‘08.
Genus, LUCAPINA—Gray.
Mantle margin fimbriated, reflexed more or less over the edges of
the shell. Shell small, depressed, cancellated, with a large sub-central
perforation, bordered internally by a callosity.
106 FISSURELLID&.
L. monilifera, Hutton, CMM. p. 42. Ovate, white, radiated
with moniliform ribs and obscurely cancellated ; border smooth or cre-
nated.
Height, ‘2; length, 6; breadth, -45.
Stewart Island, 15 fathoms.
Genus, EMARGINULA—Lamark.
Mantle margin simple, reflexed over the edges of the shell; anal
siphon with prominent membranous margins projecting from the fissure
in the shell ; foot with a rudimentary operculigerous lobe. Shell oval,
conical, elevated, the apex recurved; surface cancellated ; anterior
margin notched ; muscular impression with recurved points.
BE. striatula, Quoy and Gaimard, lc, iii., p. 332, pl. 68, f. 21-22 ;
Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 47. Shell ovato-conic, fragile, granulose, longitudi-
nally and transversely finely nbbed ; apex obliquely recurved ; margin
crenulated ; fissure very deep ; greenish-gray (Q. & G.)
Length, 5 lines; breadth, 34 lines ; height, 34 lines.
Wellington. Dunedin.
KE. australis, Quoy and Gatmard, l.c.. iii., p. 328, pl. 68, f. 11-12 ;
Reeve, Couch. Ic., f. 19. Shell ovate, conical, inflated, white ; longitu-
dinal ribs alternately thick, rough and small; apex median, obtuse,
recurved ; margin undulated (Q. & G.)
Length, 1 inch 1 line; breadth, ro lines ; height, 9 lines.
Lyttelton. Australia.
Genus, TUGALIA—Gray.
Shell oblong, narrowed in front ; back elevated, cancellated ; apex
posterior, recurved ; aperture crenulated on the edge, sinuated in front.
T. parmophoidea, Quoy and Gaimard, l.c.ii1., p. 325, pl. 5, f- 15-
16; Reeve, Conch. Lc., f. 43; Chenu, f. 2798-9 ; 7: elegans, Gray, Dieff.
NV.Z., ii:, ~. 240. Shell ovato-oblong, convex and arcuate ; margin den-
ticulated ; greenish yellow ; cancellated with very thin rough and close
striz ; apex obtuse; fissure almost none (Q. & G.
Auckland to Dunedin. Chatham Islands. S. Australia.
Genus, PARMOPHORUS—Blainville.
Mantle margin simple, permanently more or less produced and
covering the sides of the shell ; foot moderate, smooth, with a series of
short lateral cirri. Shell elongato-oblong, depressed ; apex posterior ;
margin sinuated in front ; smooth and white.
P. unguis, Linnaeus ; Reeve, Couch. Ic. (Scutus,) f. 5; P. austra-
lis, Lam., A.s.V., vii, ~. 579; Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca, pl.
11, f.9; Chenu, f- 2801. Shell rather short, straight, broad, rather flat-
tened, smooth, concentrically continuously striated; sides straight ;
PATELLID. 107
anterior margin widely truncated, very slightly sinuated ; anterior area
broad, smooth (Reeve.)
Auckland to Dunedin.
For the dentition of this species, see Hogg, Trans. Royal Micros.
Soc., 1866 (in the Quart. Jour. of Micros. Science,) pl. 12, f. 57. Reeve
considers that P. australis is the same as P. elongatus, Blainville, from
Australia.
DIvIsloN—CyYCLOBRANCHIATA.
Gill lamellar, on the inner surface of the mantle, forming a more or
less complete ring just beneath the margin. Radula with no middle
plate, and ridged lateral and intermediate plates. Side of foot with a
sunken groove. Shell conical, symmetrical.
FAMILY—PATELLID.
Mouth with horny jaws; radula very long; teeth in numerous
transverse rows (2. 4. 2.,) central two pairs; lateral two on each side,
the inner one larger and lower down; uncini three. Head with a short
muzzle; tentacles subulate, with the eyes on the outer side of the
swollen base. Mantle margin fringed. Operculum none. Shell simple,
conical ; muscular impression crescentic, interrupted in front.
Genus, PATELLA—Linneus.
Mouth emarginate below ; gills extending round the body, inter-
rupted on one side near the neck. Shell orbicular or oval ; apex sub-
central, inclined anteriorly ; aperture wide, the margin entire or spinose,
simple within. :
P. magellanica, Martyn, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 19. Shell ovate,
pyramidally concave, very high, radiately ribbed; ribs rather broad,
rude, absoletely bluntly tubercled ; ash-brown, ribs darker, blotched
with black ; interior ash-tinged (Reeve.)
Length, 2? inches.
Straits of Magellan. Auckland Island. Campbell Island. Ker-
guelen’s Land. Doubtfully identified.
P. inconspicua, Gray, Dieff. N.Z., ii., p. 244. Shell conical,
oblong, with about twenty radiating ribes; the apex erect; disk white,
rather greenish under the tip.
Length 14 inches. (Gray.)
Wellington. Dunedin.
Probably a small variety of the last
P. redimiculum, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 50; Voy. Erebus and
Terror, pl. 1, f 24; P. radians, Reeve, lc, f- 253 LP. pottst. Hutton,
CM.M., p. 44. Shell ovate, moderately convex; apex very much
inclined anteriorly, radiately ribbed; ribs rounded, rather distant,
obsoletely nodose, front ribs very short; olive-ash ; nbs more or less
108 PATELLID.
black ; interstices blotched with black and white ; interior dull ash;
nucleus fulvous (Reeve.)
Auckland Islands. Otago. Banks’ Peninsula.
This species passes into P. magel/anica ; but the typical state is dis-
tinguished by its more depressed form, and more anterior position of the
apex.
P. reevei, Hutton; P. imbricata, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 93 (nec
Linneus.) Shell ovate, tumidly convex; apex anterior, obtuse, radia-
tely many ridged ; ribs close set, scarcely raised, everywhere densely,
sharply imbricated ; dark blue-black ; interior lead-blue, orange rust in
the middle (Reeve.)
Wellington. Dunedin. Chatham Islands.
P. argyropsis, Lesson; Voy. Coquille, Zool., i, p. 419; P.
decora, Philippi ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 33. Shell oval, slightly convex,
much depressed ; apex obtuse, short, anterior, the inferior face lightly
concave ; margin thin, sinuous, angulated at the termination of each of
the diverging ribs which cover the upper face ; ribs separated, having in
the interval a median line and very fine and very close transverse lines ;
above greenish; below silvery, marked with purplish brown grooves °
which correspond to the ribs on the dorsal face (Lesson.)
Length, 15 lines; breadth, 13 lines ; height, 3 lines.
Bay of Islands, on rocks. Otago.
P. affinis, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 108; P. argentea, Quoy and
Gaimard, Voy. Astrol., iii., p. 345 (nec Linneus ;) N. earli, Hutton,
CMM. (nec Reeve.) Shell oblong-ovate, depressed; apex very anterior,
small, rather sharp, radiately ridged and striated; ridges and strie
numerous, obtuse, slightly waved; dark olive, ornamented with obli-
quely blood blotched broad rays; interior sub-transparent, iridescent
(Reeve.)
Otago. Cuming cites this species from Formosa (P.Z.S., 1865, p.
197-)
P. pholidota, Lesson ; Voy. Coquille, Zool., ii., p. 420; P. floccata,
Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 106. Shell, oval, sub-depressed, convex ; apex
conic, placed two-thirds anterior ; margin simple, entire, regular ; upper
surface ornamented with very fine radiating close strize, crossed by some
concentric strice, but little pronounced. Shell thin, pale yellow, covered
with irregular and angular spots of brownish-purple and pale brown-red ;
interior shining silvery, speckled with purplish-brown ; the tip reddish
and black ; in the young the interior is silvery, but covered with broad
bands of golden reddish-brown (Lesson.)
Length, 17 lines ; breadth, 13 lines; height, 5 lines.
Bay of Islands.
This species passes into the next.
P. radians, Gwielin, 13th ed. Linnaeus Syst. Nat., p. 37203
Chenu, f. 2847. Apex anterior; upper surface smooth or slightly
ribbed ; colour yellowish-white, with narrow dark brown radiating bands,
which are sometimes interrupted.
PATELLID. 109
Auckland to Dunedin. Auckland Islands.
P. denticulata, MWartyn; P. margaritaria, Chemnitz; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f. 743; Voy. Erebus and Terror, pl. 1, f. 26; P. ornata, Deshayes,
Anim. sans vert., Vil., p. 542. Oval, conical, more or less depressed,
radiately ribbed ; apex not recurved ; margin crenated ; pale greenish or
reddish-yellow, with about twelve brownish-black rays spotted with
white ; interior above the muscular impression purplish-black ; below
silvery, rayed with pale yellow and brownish-black.
Heigth, 4; length, 1 ; breadth, °7.
Auckland to Dunedin.
P. flava, Hutton, CMM, p. 44. Ovate, conical, radiately
ribbed; apex recurved; margin crenated; pale-yellow, inclining to
orange towards the apex ; interior, above the muscular impression, more
or less orange ; below silvery.
Height, 1; length, 2:2 ; breadth, 1°8.
Amur Bluff. Stonyhurst.
The young shell is more orange, and has the apex sub-anterior.
P.antipodum, Smith ; Voy. Erebus and Terror, Moll., p. 4, pl. 1,
f. 25. Shell rotundly ovate, a little narrowed in front ; the apex much
inclined anteriorly, one-fourth the length from the front margin, radia-
tely rather finely ribbed ; ribs crossed by fine concentric lines of growth;
orange-yellow, clouded with white around the middle, varied with ten or
eleven black narrow rays placed at nearly equal distances, those in front
being rather more approximated than the rest ; interior brilliant pearly
orange-yellow, the exterior black rays especially visible at the margin,
which is crenulated (Smith.)
Length, 1°1 5 width, ‘85 ; height, -37 inch.
P. tramoserica, Martyn, pl. 16 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic.. f, 27. Shell -
ovate, sub-conoid, radiately ribbed ; ribs close set, sometimes obscurely
nodosely tubercled, rarely a little prickled; yellowish or rose tinged,
rayed with black ; rays white-spotted, or with the interstices altogether
black ; interior more or less brightly coloured at the margin (Reeve.)
New Zealand (Martyn and Gould.) Common in Australia.
P. stellularia, Quoy, Zc, iii, p. 347, pl. 70, f. 18-20; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f. 96. Oval, depressed, with small granular ribs; reddish,
with white rays at the apex, or two white lines at the posterior end;
interior white ; apex anterior.
Height, -3; length, 1-4; breadth, 1. (Quoy.)
Cook Strait. Bank’s Peninsula.
P. stellifera, Chemnitz, Lamark, l.c., vii. p. 535. Ovate, rather
depressed, with fine radiating decussate ribs; apex not recurved ;
blackish or reddish-brown, with radiating white stripes, which some-
times do not reach the margin; interior white, silvery; tip greenish-
brown.
Height, 25; length, ‘95 ; breadth, °7.
Cook Strait.
IIo CHITONID.
P. stella, Zesson; Voy. Coguille, Zool., ii., p. 421. Solid, small,
depressed, irregularly oval ; apex sub-central, sharp, with seven radiating
angular ribs, rounded above, thick, separated by wide depressions ;
these ribs are divergent, and number four in front and three behind.
In the middle of each pair there is a smaller rib, and two on the sides
in the interval which separates the four anterior from the three posterior.
Shell greenish above, spotted with black in double interrupted circles ;
the border is stellate, with seven angles, having teeth in the intervals ;
the interior face is slightly hollowed, thick and granular in front ; bluish-
white ; apex white, dotted with maroon (Lesson.)
Length, ro lines ; breadth, 9 lines ; height, 3 lines.
P. earlii, Reeve, Conch.; Ic, f- 71. Shell rotundately ovate,
slightly attenuated in front, convexly raised; apex inclined anteriorly,
radiately ridged ; ridges small, very few and distant, with the interstices
irregularly elevately striated; pale green, broadly wave-variegated with
olive-black ; interior transparently iridescent ; milk-white in the middle
(Reeve.)
P. flexuosa, Hutton, C.M.M., ~. 45. Ovate, depressed, not
ribbed, but with fine concentric striz ; margin entire; pale yellowish,
with deeply waved concentric brown lines ; interior silvery.
Height, 6; length, 1°7 ; breadth, 1-4.
Stonyhurst.
Perhaps a variety of the last.
P. rubiginosa, Hutton, CMM, p. 42. Conical, ovate ; apex
sub-anterior, thin, smooth, radiately ribbed; ribs thirteen to seventeen ;
outside white ; interior pinkish.
Height, ‘2; length, ‘6; breadth, ‘5s.
Auckland to Bank’s Peninsula. Chatham Islands. Auckland
Islands.
DIVISION—POLYPLACOPHORA.
Gills in two lamellar series, one on each side of the hinder part of the
body under the mantle edge. Valves eight, forming a linear imbricate
series on the middle of the back. Radula long, linear ; central series
with many teeth, middle one unlike the rest, outer lateral one on each
side, very large, with a black opaque hook; lateral teeth several, forming
jointed unarmed lamella; one erect, hooked (4-6.2.1.2.4-6. ;) monceci-
ous ; anus posterior, median.
FAMILY—CHITONID:.
Head surrounded by a semi-circular veil or hood; eyes and tenta-
cles none; mouth with cartilaginous jaws. Gills in a series of lamellz
between the mantle and the foot. Foot oblong, rounded at each end.
Shell of eight imbricated valves or plates, immersed in the coriaceous
mantle, which forms an expanded margin beyond them.
Sub-Family— Chitonine.
Mantle simple, without any pores or tufts of spines on the sides.
CHITONID, III
Genus, CHITON—Linneus.
Mantle covered with regularly disposed, smooth, imbricate, roundish,
conspicuous scales. Shell with the valves external, transverse, broad ;
the hinder valve with the apex superior.
GC. pellis-serpentis, Quoy; Voy. Astrolabe, iii., p. 381, pl. 74, f-
17-22; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 84; Chenu, f. 2850. Oval; mantle with
moderate sized scales; valves elevated, rounded, solid, opaque ; pos-
terior margins curved, meeting in an obtuse point on the back ; terminal
areas with radiating moniliform lines; lateral areas of intermediate
valves with curved radiating ribs, concave behind, and crossed by curved
longitudinal furrows, which are concave upwards ; median areas slightly
longitudinally striated ; dorsal line smooth and polished on the anterior
parts of the valves, but striated on the posterior parts ; mantle yellowish
or greenish-white, with about twenty transverse black bands; valves
generally greenish-black, passing into yellowish on the back, and with a
triangular black spot, with its apex pointing backwards, along the dorsal
line of all the intermediate valves ; it is generally much eroded, but the
size and colour of the scales on the mantle are always sufficient to dis-
tinguish it from other New Zealand species.
Length, 1'5 ; breadth, °75.
Abundant on rocks between high and low watermarks.
Pitt’s Island. Auckland to Dunedin.
GC. sinclairi, Gray, Dieff. N.Z, ii, p. 263; Voy. Erebus and
Lerror, pl. i, f. 17; Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst.,w., ~. 177. Pale brown,
polished, the terminal valves with many, and the lateral areas with few
indistinct broad nodulose ridges, the central area polished, with pale
longitudinal streaks, and with a few short, deep irregular longitudinal
grooves on the hinder edge of the sides (Gray.)
Great Barrier Island. ‘Tasmania (Bednall and Reeve.)
Tenison-Woods says the Tasmanian habitat is doubtful. Differs
from C. pellis-serpentis in being polished, and in having the central plates
smooth, except at the outer angles.
C. stangeri, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 150. Shell ovate, terminal
valves, and lateral areas of the others, rayed with rows of closely packed
square appressed granules ; central areas smooth in the middle, closely
ridged on each side ; interstices rather deep; yellow and green, tes-
selated with green spots ; ligament squamosely coriaceous (Reeve.)
Perhaps a variety of the last.
GC. concentricus, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 95 ; Hutton, Trans. N.Z.
Inst., i., p. 176. Shell oblong, ovate, umbones somewhat beaked,
terminal valves and lateral areas of the rest concentrically grooved ;
central areas longitudinally ridged ; ridges rather distant; interstices
hollowed ; posterior terminal valve umbonated and distinguished in the
middle by a small smooth triangular shield ; bronzed ; mantle granuo-
sely coriaceous ; tessellated with brown (Reeve.)
Australia. (Bednall.) New Zealand. (Earl.)
Par CHITONID#.
C. sulcatus, Quoy; Voy. Astrolabe, iu., p. 385, pl. 75, Ff 31-36
(not of Wood, nor ‘of Reeve ;) Hutton, l.c.,p. 178. Body elongato-oval ;
greenish ; mantle scaly ; valves sub-triangular, sulcated, the sides granu-
lose and white ; ; posterior valve broad, g granulosely sulcated (Quoy.)
King George’s Sound. Auckland.
The mantle is narrow; the scales greenish, with a small brown spot
on each. Valves rounded ; the anterior simply granulose, with eleven
or twelve teeth.
G inseulptus, 4: Adem PZS:, e8sen peor, £2) 16; 2 Az
Shell oblong, much elevated, terminal valves, and the lateral areas of the
others radiately ribbed ; ribs granular, the granules transverse, rather
crowded, obsolete at the margins; umbones keeled ; anterior terminal
valve umbonated ; median areas longitudinally strongly lrated ; lire
obsoletely rugoso-granuled ; median areas red, with two blackish-brown
parallel lines down the centre of the valves; mantle with brownish-
yellow and brown scales ; scales smooth, shining, convex (Adams.)
New Zealand, on dead shells in deep water. (Strange.)
C. glaucus, Gray; Spic. Zool., 1830, p. 5; C. guoyt, Deshayes,
Anim. sans vert., Vi., p. 509; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 68; C. viridis, Quoy
(nec Chemnitz ;) Voy. Astrolabe, ii., p. 383, p24. 71, f. 23-28. Oval;
mantle with moderate sized scales; valves elevated, flattened on each
side ; posterior margins slightly concave, with a small central point ; the
anterior valve, the greater part of the posterior valve, and the lateral
areas of the intermediate valves with fine radiating strie ; median areas
very finely longitudinally striated ; generally dark olive-green, or black-
ish-green when dry, but sometimes brown, or green rayed with brown,
and the mantle is sometimes varied with white.
Length, 1°5; breadth, °75.
Common under stones in pools left by the retreating tide. Auck-
land to Dunedin. Found also in Australia.
Perhaps a variety of C. chzlolensts.
C. ereus, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 36; Voy. Erebus and Terror, Moll,
pl. 1, f.9. Shell oblong, ovate, angularly raised in the middle; valves
rudely impressly striated throughout ; umbonal eminence smooth ; dull
green ; ligament granosely coriaceous (Reeve.)
Genus, LEPIDOPLEU RUS— Risso.
Mantle covered with minute, flattened, longitudinally grooved
scales. Shell with the valves external, broad; the hinder valve with the
apex sub-central ; the plates of insertion of the valves thin and smooth
edged, those of the central valves with a single notch in some species,
in others four or five lobed ; laminz of insertion of the terminal valves
many lobed.
L. canaliculatus, Quoy,; Voy. Astrolabe, i1., p. 394, pl. 75, f-
37-42. Elongated, elevated, strongly keeled ; Wises ‘triangular, longitu-
dinally sulcated, crenulated posteriorly ; ; mantle with fine scales (Quoy.)
CHITONID&. 113
Tasman’s Bay. (Quoy.) Stewart Island. (F.W.H.)
Generally rose colour, sometimes greenish spotted with red (Quoy.)
L. contractus, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 78. Shell oblong, pecu-
lariy contracted at the extremities, especially the anterior; terminal
valves and lateral areas of the rest concentrically granulated ; granules
solitary ; central areas very minutely and closely ridged ; ridges curved
and conspicuous towards the sides, finer towards the middle, and decus-
sated with oblique striz ; light bay, flamed in the middle with brown ;
ligament granosely coriaceous, dark brown (Reeve.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
L. longicymbus, De Blainville ; Sowerby, Conch. Illus., f 67;
Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 163; Chenu, f. 2857. Oblong; mantle with very
minute scales ; valves rounded ; posterior margins straight, or slightly
concave ; terminal areas with fine radiating moniliform lines ; lateral
areas with radiating ribs crossed by rather deep, curved, transverse fur-
rows ; median areas of both terminal and intermediate valves finely
punctate ; brown variously tinted with green, yellow, or whitish, some-
times pink on the back when rubbed ; often entirely greenish-brown,
minutely freckled with yellow ; often brown, with a broad white stripe
down the back.
Length, 1-4; breadth, ‘65.
Very variable both in shape and colour.
Common under stones. Auckland to Dunedin. Pitt’s Island.
Auckland Islands. Campbell Island. Found also in Australia.
L. circumvallatus, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f 177. Shell oblong,
ovate, terminal valves and lateral areas of the rest sculptured with con-
centric ridges ; central aréas very minutely reticulated ; posterior termi-
nal valve umbonated ; blackish-red, spotted with black ; ligament arena-
ceous, tesselated (Reeve.)
Distinguished from C. /ongicymbus by the conspicuous ridge with
which it is encircled.
Campbell Island.
L. empleurus, Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst. iv., p. 178. Oblong ;
margin with very minute scales ; valves rather elevated and flattened on
each side, sub-carinate ; posterior margins slightly concave, with a small
central point ; terminal and lateral areas raised above the rest; minutely
punctate ; median areas minutely punctate, sometimes with a row of
deep longitudinal pits along the anterior edges of the raised lateral
areas ; uniform yellowish-pink.
Length, -75; breadth, -3.
Founded on two specimens in the Colonial Museum, locality not
stated.
L. rudis, Mutton, Trans. N.Z. Lust., w., p. 179. Oblong; margin
with minute scales ; valves elevated, flattened on the sides, not keeled ;
apex of anterior valve recurved, with its posterior margin slightly convex
at the sides, and deeply concave in the centre; posterior margins of
intermediate valves straight; posterior valve rather small; apex pos-
I1i4 CHITONID.
terior, pointed and emarginate ; anterior valve, and lateral areas, with
radiating moniliform ribs ; posterior and median areas widely, but rather
irregularly, deeply longitudinally furrowed, with narrow ridges between ;
margin grey, with broad irregular reddish-brown transverse bands ‘
valves greyish-brown ; interior greyish-white.
Length, 1°75 ; breadth, 75.
Founded on a specimen in the Colonial Museum, locality not
stated.
Genus, TONICIA—Gray.
Margin of the mantle simple, naked, nearly smooth, or velvety ; last
valve entire ; valves external, transverse, broad ; the hinder valve with
the apex superior; lamin of insertion of the terminal valves many
lobed, those of the middle bi-lobed.
T. undulata, Quoy,; Voy. Astrolabe, iii., ~, 393. pl. 75, J: 19-243
Adams, Gen. Moll., pl. 54, f- 3. Oval; valves rounded, polished, sub-
carinate ; posterior margins straight, produced into a rather acute
central point ; terminal area of anterior valve, and lateral areas of inter-
mediate valves, with indistinct radiating moniliform ridges ; posterior
valve, and median areas of anterior and intermediate valves, with waved
transverse strize; mantle reddish-brown ; valves generally green, inclin-
ing, more or less, to yellowish on the back, with the waved strize brown ;
sometimes the valves are greyish-green, with many of the undulating
strie white.
Length, 1°15 ; breadth, °55.
Auckland to Dunedin. Chatham Islands. ‘Tasmania.
Not uncommon under stones at low water.
T. rubiginosa, Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst, iv., p. 180. Oblong ;
margin slightly tomentose ; valves rather elevated, sub-carinate, flattened
on each side ; posterior margins straight, produced into an acute central
point ; lateral areas indistinct, the whole surface rather coarsely granu-
lar, the granules smaller on the back; pink, getting-yellowish on the
back.
Length, :45; breadth, :2.
Cook Straits. Foveaux Straits. (H. Filhol.)
T. lineolata, Zrembly ; Zool. Jour., iii., p. 204; Reeve, Conch. Lc,
SF 343; Chenu, f. 2867. Shell oblong, ovate, somewhat attenuated
anteriorly ; terminal valves and lateral areas of the rest very minutely
granulated ; central areas smooth ; yellowish fulvous, regularly painted
with reddish-chestnut concentric waved lines, and more or less blotched
with the same colour; ligament horny, transparent (Reeve.)
Dunedin. Auckland Islands. Campbell Island. Chili.
The New Zealand specimens have the valves coloured dark purple-
black, as in Reeve’s figure, 34 b.
T. atrata, Sowerby, Mag. Nat. Hest., 1840; Conch. Lllus., f. 57-58;
heeve, Conch. Lc., f. 103. Shell oblong, ovate; valves smooth ; the ter-
minal posterior truncated, and lateral areas of the rest obscurely
CHITONIDA. 115
rayed with a very few granules ; brown rayed with yellowish lines, with
a dark triangular spot on the umbonal summit of each valve ; ligament
horny, transparent (Reeve.)
Macquarie Island. Falkland Islands. (Sowerby.)
Our species agrees very well with Reeve’s figure, but not with his des-
cription. The anterior terminal area is distantly radiately ribbed, and the
lateral areas are sometimes defined by a single rib. The umbone of the
posterior valve is more posterior than in the drawing, and the valves are
of a uniform brown colour. ‘The mantle is of the same colour as the
valves.
Sowerby gives the Falkland Islands as the locality for this species,
but Reeve doubts it and gives no habitat at all.
Genus, ACANTHOPLEURA—Guilding.
Mantle densely beset with unequal corneo-calcareous, often very long
spines, or with small calcareous spicula, giving it a spinulose appearance.
Shell with the valves external, broad, transverse ; the hinder valve with
the apex sub-central. The plates of insertion of the terminal valves are
many lobed, of the posterior sometimes somewhat obsolete, and of the
middle bilobed.
A. celatus, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 101 3 T: stg-zag, Hutton, Trans.
NV.Z. Inst., iv., ~. 180. Shell oblong, ovate, somewhat attenuated
anteriorly, terminal valves, the posterior of which is small and slanting,
and lateral areas of the rest broad-ribbed and neatly curved with close-
set waved laminz ; central. areas very minutely reticulated; beautifully
ornamented with green and pink ; mantle horny, here and there bristly
(Reeve.)
I follow Adams in placing this species in Acanthopleura, for I
presume that he has seen the type specimens ; but it appears to me to
belong more properly to AZopadia.
Genus, CHAATOPLEURA—Shuttleworth.
Mantle beset with horny bristles. Shell with the valves external,
broad, transverse ; the hinder valve with the apex sub-central ; lamine
of insertion of the hinder valve many-lobed, those of the middle valve
br-lobed or six-lobed.
GC. nobilis, Gray, Dief. N.Z, ii., p. 245; Voy. Erebus and Terror,
Moll., pl. 1, f- 8. Mantle rugose, rough, with scattered long tapering
brown bristles ; valves brown, convex, evenly rounded, with very minute
dots like shagreen, the lateral area slightly marked with three or four
indistinct rays ; inside white.
Length, 3. (Gray.)
Auckland. Cook Strait. Martin’s Bay.
116 CHITONIDA.
Genus, MOPALIA—Gray.
Mantle moderately wide, bristly or hairy, with a sinuosity on the
hinder lower edge; valves with a small portion of the lateral areas
covered by the mantle ; hinder valve large, with the apex sub-central,
and posteriorly slightly sinuated ; plates of insertion of all the valves
with a single notch on each side.
M. ciliata, Sowerby ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 124; A. complexa,
Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst., ., p. 181. Shell oblong, ovate; anterior
terminal valve radiately eight-ridged ; interstices undately granosely
striated ; posterior small, retuse ; lateral areas anteriorly decussately
granosely striated; grains obtuse throughout; ash green, sparingly
stained with yellow towards the middle; mantle horny, beset with a few
bristles (Reeve.)
S. Australia. (Angas.)
Sub-Family— Cryptoplacine.
Mantle with a double series of pores beset with horny bristles, or a
single series of pores furnished with tufts of calcareous spines.
Genus, PLAXIPHORA—Gray.
Mantle with a double series of pores beset with bifurcate bristles,
one row at the insertion of the valves, the other at the external margin ;
mantle-margin smooth and horny, or more or less covered with setose
or furfuraceous scales. Shell with the valves broad, transverse, external ;
the hinder valve small, with the apex posterior, and with a slight notch
on the hind lower edge, its plate of insertion slightly raised, smooth,
not divided into lobes at the sides; plates of insertion of the middle
valves bi-lobate, those of the anterior usually about nine-lobed.
P. biramosa, Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, iii., p. 378,
pl. 14, f. 12-16; TZ: corticata, Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst., i., p. 180. Body
oval, flattish, red, girdled with two series of double bristles ; margin
hairy ; valves flattish, greenish-red or white, anteriorly transversely
striated (Q. & G.)
Wellington. Campbell Island.
Reeve is quite wrong in uniting this species with C. setiger, King.
P. terminalis, Sth, Voy. Erebus and Terror, Moll. p. 4, pl. 1,
jf. 13. Shell elongately-ovate, rather elevated, roundly angled along the
top of the valves; black or bluish-black, with a white wedge-shaped
stripe, with a black one within it down the centre of the valves, forming
a continuous white stripe divided by the black one along the centre of
the shell ; in some specimens with a few short white dashes diverging
from the radiating ridges; the intermediate valves mucronated, bisected
on each side by one raised radiating nb; the posterior margins sinuated
and thickened by coarse concentric lamelle; the entire surface is
covered with minute striate-wrinkling, those near the ridge being coarser
than the rest, and radiating from it like the webs from the shaft of a
CHITONID&. bin Oy
feather ; the posterior terminal valve has the mucro quite terminal; the
anterior valve radiately eight-ribbed with diverging oblique striations on
each side of them; interior greenish-blue; valve lobes whitish, the
sinus between them deep ; bristles on the mantle short, few, and horny,
those from the nine pores being thicker than the rest (Smith.) *
Length, 1°65; breadth, °8 inch or less.
Genus, ACANTHOCHITES—Risso.
Mantle densely spinulose, surrounded with a series of setigerous
pores. Shell with the valves deeply immersed, sub-equal, externally
contiguous, the exposed part moderate, cordate, as broad as long ; plate of
insertion of the anterior valve six-lobed, that of the middle bi-lobed, that of
the posterior five-lobed.
A. zealandicus, Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, i1., p. 400, pl:
73,J. 5-8; A. hookert, Gray, Dieff. N.Z., ii., p. 262; Reeve, Conch. ILc., f. 58.
Oblong; mantlespiny, with nine large radiating tufts of spineson each side;
valves flatly triangular, sub-carinate ; posterior margins slightly convex,
with an obtuse central point; terminal and lateral areas granulose ;
median areas smooth ; lateral areas very large; mantle brown; spines
pale green; valves generally greyish-black, more or less varied with
yellowish ; often yellowish or reddish on the dorsal line; occasionally
greenish.
Length, 1; breadth, °4.
Auckland to Dunedin. Japan.
Not uncommon on stones below low watermark.
The spines on the mantle vary from green to brown. Green is the
more common colour in thé north, while brown appears to be universal
in Otago.
A. porphyreticus, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f 56. Shell somewhat
elongately ovate ; valves punctured in the middle, verrucosely rough on
each side, with a single ridge along the edge of the lateral areas ;
anterior terminal valve radiately five-rribbed ; posterior small, blunt ;
cinerous purple, with a conspicuous yellow spot, dotted with black at
the edge, and stained with bright purple in the middle, along the
umbonal summit of each valve (Reeve.)
Dunedin. Cook Strait.
A. ovatus, Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst., iw., p. 182. Ovate,
attenuated in front; margin spiny, with nine small bundles along each
side; valves flatly triangular, sub-carinate ; posterior valve very narrow ;
apex recurved ; posterior margins of the anterior plate sloping back-
wards into a point, those of the posterior plates nearly straight} anterior
valve with ten, and lateral areas with two on each side, radiating nodu-
lose ridges; median areas with slightly waved longitudinal ridges ;
dorsal line smooth ; mantle pale reddish-brown ; spinés white ; valves
greenish-white ; yellowish on the dorsal line.
Length, °6; breadth, ‘5.
Cook Strait. Dunedin. On seaweed.
118 FIROLIDA.
A. violacea, Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, Zoologie, vol.
MD AOB, 62.17 35 ae, EG ZO sce, nConcalc..gs At. Oval arather
convex ; mantle fleshy, smooth, reddish or yellowish-brown, with nine
fascicles of bristles on each side; valves close, triangular, violet, the
first hexagonal; variety with the mantle yellowish-brown, sprinkled with
red spots (Q. & G.)
Length, 1 inch 8 lines; breadth, 1 inch 1 line; height, 6 or 7
lines.
Tasman Bay. Auckland.
In this species the exposed parts of the valves are small, nearly
cordiform, rather flattened, sharp in the middle, finely and very closely
granulated throughout. The mantle is broad, horny, with nine whitish
fascicles on either side (Reeve. )
Genus, CRYPTOCONCHUS—Blainville.
Mantle with a single series of pores, thick, smooth, elevated at the
pores into conical tubercles. Shell with the valves sub-cordate, the
exposed part very small, linear, much longer than broad; the plates of
insertion of all the valves have only a single notch on each side, which
is sometimes rudimentary.
Found in New Zealand only.
C. porosus, Aurr0w ; Adams, Gen. Moll., pl. 55, f- 43; C. mon-
ticularis, Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe, i., p. 406, pl. 73, f. 30-36; Reeve,
Conch. Le., f. 573 Chenu, f- 2885. Oblong; mantle smooth, covering
the whole body except a small linear opening at the apex of each valve;
valves depressed, rounded ; posterior margins convex and emarginated ;
exposed portions of valves smooth ; nine bundles of spines on each
side, situated over the valves; dark reddish-brown when dry ; inside
greenish-grey.
Length, 1 ; breadth, .45.
Dunedin to Auckland.
When alive the mantle varies from bright orange to light brown.
Sub-Order—Feteropoda.
Dicecious, pelagic, translucent ; foot compressed, fin-like ; shell thin
or none ; viscera in a nucleus ; gills pectinate or filamentary ; propo-
dium vertical, fin-like, mesopodium suctorial in the males of some, the
sucker having circular and radiating fibres.
FAMILY—FIROLIDA.
Animal cylindrical, translucent, furnished with ventral and tail fins
for swimming; gills exposed on the posterior part of the back, or
covered by a small hyaline shell.
- Genus, CARINARIA—Lamark.
Animal large, translucent, granulated; ventral fin rounded ; tail
large, compressed ; gills numerous, pinnate, projecting from beneath the
ACTAONID. I19g
shell, which is limpet-shaped, with a posterior sub-spiral apex, and a
fimbriated dorsal keel ; nucleus minute, dextrally spiral.
C. australis, Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe, p. 394, pl. 29, f. 9-16. Shell
thin, hyaline, transversely sulcated ; apex obliquely inclined ; keel undu-
lated ; spire obtuse, on the right towards the whorls four elongated
oval apertures ; swimming foot extended, quadrilateral (Quoy.)
Sub-Order—Opisthobranchiata.
Gills exposed or slightly covered, behind the heart ; hermaphrodite,
mostly carnivorous ; gelatinous, full of sea water. Shell when present
enclosed in the folds of the mantle; abdomen rudimentary, not spirally
developed in the adult, or protected by a shell; larva shell-bearing,
and furnished with deciduous cephalic fins.
DIVISION—TECTIBRANCHIATA.
Gill forming a tuft or plume on the side, towards the hind part of
the body, under a fold of the mantle, and usually protected by a shell.
Both adult and larva shell-bearing. Foot elongate, formed for walking.
Marine.
FAMILY—ACTAONIDA.
Teeth, central none, lateral numerous, uncinated, in a diverging
cross series. Head depressed, forming a quadrate disc, bi-lobed in
front, with broad, posterior, tentacular lobes ; eyes sessile on the middle .
of the head. Mantle included within the shell ; branchial plume single.
Foot oblong, truncate in front, obtuse behind. Operculum horny,
linear, transverse. Shell solid, involute, with the columella plicate or
spirally twisted.
Genus, BUCCINULUS—Plancus.
Ovate, with a conical many-whorled spire; mouth long, narrow,
rounded in front ; columella with two spiral folds ; operculum horny,
elliptical, lamellar.
B. kirki, Hutton, CMM, p. 51. Whorls six, finely and rather
distantly spirally grooved, those on the centre of the whorls rather
farther apart ; columella with one double fold ; white.
Length, 8 ; breadth, °3.
Omaha.
B. albus, Hutton, CAL W., p. 51. Whorls seven, rather deeply
equi-distantly spirally grooved, and lightly transversely striated ; colu-
mella with a broad double anterior fold, and a smaller posterior one ;
white.
Ieneth, <9 > breadth, +15:
Auckland.
4
120 APLUSTRID&.
FAMILY—APLUSTRID.
Teeth, central none, laterals numerous, uniform. Head with the
frontal disc produced into large ear-like tentacular lobes folded over the
back of the shell, and furnished with bifid labial appendages ; eyes
sessile at the inner bases of the tentacular lobes. Mantle with the
inner margin thin and membranous, the outer forming a thick fleshy
lobe, curving round the spire of the shell; branchial plume long and
single. Foot large and membranous, auriculate in front, rounded
behind. Operculum none. Shell external, involute, ornamented with
coloured bands or markings ; aperture more or less channelled at the
fore part.
Genus, BULLINA—Ferussac,
Shell ovate, solid ; axis perforated ; spire rather elevated ; whorls
transversely grooved, with coloured markings; aperture longitudinal,
broadly channelled in front ; inner lip thin, adnate to the body whorl ;
columella arched forwards, and obliquely sub-truncate anteriorly ; outer
lip grooved internally, and with the margin crenulated.
The animal is not known.
B. lineata, Wood, Ind. Test. Suppl., pl. 3; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f.
2; Chenu, f. 2915. Shell sub-ovate, ventricose, yellowish or rosy-
white, ornamented with two bright-red lines and others longitudinal,
slightly waved distant, disjoined; spire obtuse, rather elevated ; colu-
mella uniplicate, tortuous (Sowerby.)
Hauraki Gulf (rare). Austrailia.
FAMILY—CYLICHNID.
Teeth, central none, lateral 6.6, the inner large and hooked, the
outer small and uniform, rarely wanting. Head with the frontal dsc
depressed, sub-quadrate, truncate in front, produced behind into broad,
flattened, recumbent, tentacular lobes, with the eyes immersed in the
front of their bases. Mantle with a posterior thickened process or lobe.
Foot shorter than the shell, truncate in front. Operculum none.’ Shell
external, spirally convoluted, more or less cylindrical, without coloured
markings.
Genus, CYLICHNA—Loven.
Tentacular lobes connate, indistinct; .eyes sessile on their front
bases ; mantle with a thick posterior lobe partially closing the aperture
of the shell ; shell without spire, the apex concave ; aperture straight.
C. striata, Hutton, C.M.AL, p. 52. Small, smooth, white, longi-
tudinally fingly striated ; aperture scarcely produced above the spire.
Length, ‘1 ; breadth, ‘os.
Auckland.
BULLIDA. 121
FAMILY—BULLID~.
Teeth, central one, lateral numerous, uniform, in an arched series.
Animal partly investing, but not entirely covering the shell. Tentacular
frontal disc expanded, emarginate behind ; eyes none, or sessile on the
middle of the frontal disc. Mantle with the right margin thickened,
the left thin, adhering to the body whorl of the “shell. Foot with the
sides greatly developed, often reflexed and covering the sides of the
shell, or expanded for swimming. Gizzard usually armed with horny or
calcareous plates. Shell external, involute, more or less covered by the
reflexed lateral lobes of the foot.
Genus, BULLA—Klein.
Kyes conspicuous, sessile on the middle of the frontal disc ; mantle
with the outer margin forming a thick fleshy lobe ; foot with the lateral
lobes moderate, and the hind part not extending beyond the shell.
Shell oval, ventricose, solid, smooth; aperture longer than the shell,
B. oblonga, Adams; B. australis, Gray, Dieff. N.Z., i1., p. 2433
Chenu, 2940; Reeve, Conch. Ic, f. 9. Large, elongated, cylindrical,
with a few spiral lines near the base; chestnut- brown, faintly varied
with grey.
Length, 2; breadth, 11.
Coasts north of Auckland. Australia. Tasmania.
B: gaoyt, Gray, Paes N.Z., ti., p. 243; Voy. Erebus and Terror,
MOURN DL. OS; fivtla;wbe | SELLOLE, Quoy, LG Webs S5AL APL. UO Nf O-G:
Ovate, smooth, with a few spiral lines near the base; olivaceous,
marbled with purplish-grey, and occasionally with white dots.
Length, 1-4; breadth, ‘9
Auckland. Mazatlan. (Reigen.)
The specimen figured by Reeve is not B. guoayz.
Genus, HAMINEA—Leach.
Eyes distinct, sessile on the middle of the head; mantle with the
outer margin large, fleshy, and reflexed on the apex of the shell; foot
with the lateral lobes very much expanded, covering the sides and front
of the shell, the hind part extending beyond the shell. Shell ovate,
horny, thin, covered by a thin epidermis, lightly transversely striated.
H. zealandie, Gray, Dief. N.Z, ii, p. 243; Voy. Erebus and
Terror, pl. 1, f. to. Shell ovate, sub-globose, imperforated, thin,
pellucid, very slightly concentrically striated, covered with a very thin
greenish periostraca, the inner lip rather spread over the pillar in front,
smooth (Gray.)
Length, about an inch.
Auckland.
H. obesa, Sowerby; Reeve, Conch. Lc., fi 13 (1868.)" Shell short,
broad, sub-globose, smooth, lightly and obliquely wrinkled above, pale
L2i2 ; PHILINID#.
fulvous, white within, a little narrowed posteriorly ; umbilicus broad ;
columella broad, arched ; outer lip squarish above, rather straight in the
middle (Sowerby.)
Length, °8 inch.
Auckland. (Cheesman.) ‘Tasmania. (Tenison-Woods.)
Probably the same as the last.
H. cuticulifera, Sth, Ann. Nat. Hist., 4-9-350. Shell elon-
gato-cylindrical, above and below roundly quadrate, thin, white ;
epidermis white, shining near the vertex and base tinted yellow, trans-
versely sub-distantly striated with lines of growth, both above and
below ; aperture broad, base dilated, hardly produced above the vertex ;
columella short, sub-straight, reflexed, covering the umbilical region ;
callus very thin, scarcely shining, jomed to the vertex; lip thin,
thickened in the middle (Smith.)
Length, °55 ; diam., ‘27 inches.
New Zealand and Port Jackson.
Genus, AKERA—O. F. Muller.
Head disc elongated, entire behind; eyes none: mantle with a
fimbriated edge projecting through the slit in the spire ; foot with the
lateral lobes greatly dilated, folded in repose over the sides of the shell.
Shell convolute, ovate, or sub-cylindrical, thin; spire truncated, the
whorls distinct, channelled, the last whorl disjoined from the others at
the suture ; aperture elongate, pyriform, rounded and entire in front ;
inner lip excavated ; outer lip posteriorly free, angulated.
A.tumida, Adams, in Sowerby’s Thes., ii., pl. 125, f 169; Reeve,
Conch. Lc., f- 2. Shell sub-cylindrical, rather straight, with a single
central band of brown ; spire contracted, flat, with the last whorl tumid
above ; aperture rather square in front, contracted behind, with the
outer lip a little produced above the centre; columella rather straight,
narrow (Sowerby.)
The shores of New Zealand. (Sowerby.)
FAMILY—PHILINID.
Teeth, central none, lateral one or two, large, hooked. Cephalic
disc oblong or sub-quadrate, without tentacular lobes ; eyes none, or if
present, sessile on the head. Mantle covering and concealing the
shell. Foot not produced posteriorly ; the sides dilated, thick and
fleshy. Gizzard armed with calcareous plates. Shell none, or internal,
enclosed in the mantle ; when present, loosely involute.
Genus, PHILINE—Ascanias.
Animal investing the shell; eyes none; foot not produced pos-
teriorly ; the side lobes large and fleshy. Shell fragile, ovate, con-
volute ; spire none; aperture very large, open.
APLYSIID&. 123
P. angasi, Crosse (?,) Jour. de Conch., 1865, pl. 2, f. 5; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f. 4. Shell large, ovately sub-quadrate, or acuminated,
white, spirally substriated, concentrically slightly undulated ; aperture
wide, posteriorly sub-quadrate, elevated ; penultimate whorl elongated
(Sowerby. )
Auckland.
As I have not seen the animal, this identification is conjectural ; the
only shell I have seen was small.
FAMILY—APLYSIID%.
Teeth, central one, lateral numerous, similar. Head with separate
ear-like tentacles ; eyes sessile on the head. Mouth armed with horny
jaws, and with produced labial tentacles. Mantle with an internal
calcareous plate protecting the gill. Foot with large lateral lobes,
usually folded across the back. Shell rudimentary, internal, contained
in the mantle. The gizzard is armed with teeth; the reproductive
orifices are beneath the right tentacle ; and the anus is dorsal, and is
either sessile or tubular.
Genus, APLYSIA--Gmelin.
Body elongated ; gills concealed ; foot with the lobes dilated, and
serving for swimming; anal aperture simple, sessile. Shell sub-
cartilaginous, ovate ; apex acute. When molested they discharge a
purple fluid.
A. brunnea, Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst., vi, p. 279, pl. xxi., f
Animal of a uniform rich dark brown, about four inches in length. Shell
horny, ear-shaped, firm, the whole shell very finely concentrically
striated ; epidermis pale brown.
Length, 9 ; breadth, °7 inch.
Wellington and Dunedin.
A. venosa, Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Lnst., vi., p. 279, pl. xxi, f-
Animal yellowish-brown, veined with dark brown, about six inches in
length. Shell membranous; the apex rather coarsely concentrically
striated, the rest of the shell smooth and polished; epidermis pale
straw-colour.
Length, 1°25; breadth, 1 inch.
Wellington.
Genus, ACLESIA—Rang.
Body oval, pointed behind, covered with digitated appendages ;
gills included within the branchial cavity ; anal orifice simple. Shell
none.
A. glauca, Cheeseman, P.Z.S., 1878, p, 277, pl. xv., 7. 4. Animal
3-5 inch long; ovate, produced in front; entirely covered with
numerous simple and branched appendages, the largest of which are
124 PLEUROBRANCHID,
sometimes eight lines long ; colour on the sides pale greyish-brown,
passing on the back into a dull sea-green ; the whole surface with
numerous irregularly shaped black blotches that are longest on the
back. Along the back a double row of eight-twelve emerald green spots,
each surrounded with a zone of umber; dorsal tentacles three-quarter
inch long, folded so as to appear tubular ; labial tentacles similar in
shape but larger; foot long and narrow, pointed behind, without side
lobes ; sole pale sea-green (Cheeseman.)
Auckland.
FAMILY—PLEUROBRANCHID.
Head with auriform tentacles ; eyes sessile on the head, at the bases
of the tentacles ; mouth provided with an oral veil, corneous jaws, and
an armed radula.. Gills composed of a double row of leaflets in the
form of a long branchial plume at the side of the body under the edge
of the mantle. Shell calcareous and external, membranous and internal,
or wanting. No upper jaw; teeth short, arranged in a quincunx.
Genus, PLEUROBRANCHUS—Cuvier.
Tentacles dorsal, ear-like ; labial appendages transverse, folded and
truncate ; mantle smaller than the foot, only partly covering the head,
simple behind, covering and concealing the shell. Foot very large,
extending beyond the mantle. Shell internal, thin, oval, mem-
branaceous.
P. ornatus, Cheeseman, P.Z.S., 1878, p. 275, pl. xv., f. 1-2. Body
three-four inches long, depressed, nearly equally rounded at both ends ;
colour varying from pale buff to a clear reddish-brown, with irregular
blotches of rich dark red-brown; mantle large, extending over and
concealing both head and foot, quite smooth; margin thin, entire ;
dorsal tentacles short, stout, abrubtly truncate, finely transversely
wrinkled, approximate at their origin, but diverging, reddish-brown
tipped with white; eyes black, placed a little distance behind the
tentacles ; oral tentacles, united by a thin veil concealing the mouth,
and carried in advance of the foot. Shell half to three-quarter inch long,
squarish oblong, thin, and membranous, semi-transparent, slightly irides-
cent, closely marked with somewhat irregular concentric strize ; colour
white or brownish (Cheeseman. )
Genus, PLEUROBRANCHZA—Meckel.
Tentacles dorsal ; eyes none ; labial appendages united by a narrow,
transverse oral veil; mantle indistinct, indicated by a narrow band on
the right side ; anal orifice above the gill; foot narrow. Shell none.
P. nove-zealandiz, Cheeseman, P.Z.S., 1878, p. 276, pl. xv.
SI 33 Trans. N.Z. Inst. xi. p. 375. Body oval, convex, thick and fleshy,
smooth, but the whole surface covered with minute puckers and folds ;
colour light grey, with anastomosing lines of dark greyish-brown, and
DORIDID. 125
sprinkled with numerous minute, almost microscopic, white dots; mantle
smooth, not nearly so long as the foot, and not concealing the branchia ;
oral veil broad, semicircular in front, and with a delicate fringed margin,
produced at each side into a short tentacle like lobe ; buccal plates two,
large, finely and regularly reticulated ; dorsal tentacles wide apart, short
and stout, projecting outward, folded down the outer side ; tips obliquely
truncate ; eyes minute, black, at the inner bases of the tentacles, quite
internal and not to be seen, without dissection ; foot long, extremely
flexible ; sole pale ashy grey. Shell none (Cheeseman. )
Auckland. Wellington.
DIvISION—NUDIBRANCHIATA.
Gills exposed, or contractile into cavities on the surface of the
mantle. Adult animal without any shell. Larva shell bearing. Foot
elongate, formed for walking. Hermaphrodite.
SECTION—-ANTHOBRANCHIATA.
Gills plumose on the hinder part of the mantle, disposed in a circle,
or semi-circle, round the vent.
FAMILY—DORIDID-.
Teeth many in each cross series, sub-similar, inner often smaller.
Mantle edge simple. Gills surrounding the vent, on the middle of the
hinder part of the back, in a common cavity, retractile ; mantle large,
either entirely or almost covering and concealing the foot. Skin
strengthened with spiculz, more or less definitely arranged.
Sub-Family—FPlatyglosse.
Oral tentacles free; odontophore broad, with numerous spines in
each transverse row.
Genus, DORIS —Linneus.
Tentacles (rhinophores) dorsal, sub-clavate, laminated, retractile
within a cavity. Gills arborescent, retractile; vent in the centre of the
gills; surface of the mantle smooth or tubercular; sheaths of the
tentacles often crenate on their margins.
D. punctata, Quoy and Gatmard, Voy. Astrol. Zool., i., p. 262,
pl. 18, f. 8-10. Body elongated, soft, flat, broad behind, reddish,
marked with red spots ; anus prominent ; tentacles laciniated.
Length, 24 inches (Q. & G.)
New Ireland. (Q. & G.) New Zealand. (Abraham.)
D. tuberculata, Cuvier; Alder and Handcock, Monograph of
Brit. Nudibranch, Moll., pl. 3. Elliptical, sub-depressed, lemon-yellow
or buff-orange, often variegated on the upper side with blotches of sage-
green, pink and greyish-brown; mantle thickly covered with flattish,
spiculose, unequal tubercles, the smaller ones more numerous than the
126 DORIDID&.
others; it extends considerably beyond the foot; dorsal tentacles
slightly conical, yellow and strongly laminated above, smooth, trans-
parent, and nearly colourless below ; branchial plumes nine, tripinnate,
recurved, large and spreading; they are transparent, obscure white,
with a purple or lilac tinge at the edges ; faintly freckled, and can be
completely retracted within a cavity, the margins of which close over
them ; head rather small, with two small tubercular oral tentacles ; foot
broadish, rounded and grooved in front, less broadly rounded behind,
and of a lemon-yellow or orange colour, with the liver appearing
through the centre ; two or three inches long, but occasionally reaching
to four or even five inches (A. & H.)
Northern European Coasts. Western North America. New
Zealand. (Abraham.)
D. granulosa, Abraham; P.Z.S., 1877, p. 253, pl. xxix, f. 1-3.
Body oblong, elliptic, not very depressed ; mantle ample, presenting a
granular appearance from a close covering of small, sessile, unequal
rounded tubercles; rhinophores minutely laminated, rather slender,
sub-conical or pyriform (in one specimen the apices are slightly
enlarged and rounded ;) their cavities are wide, and have the margins
produced into short tuberculated and denticulated sheaths ; branchiz
eight, rather short, slender and spreading, bipinnate, surrounding the
short tubular anus in a circle interrupted behind ; the two hindermost
plumes are deeply divided; the margin of their common cavity is
nearly smooth ; oral tentacles small, free, flat and linear ; foot oblong,
truncated and transversely grooved in front, with the upper lamina
deeply notched, the lower slightly so; the posterior extremity is rounded,
and the border flattened; mantle spicules small, very short, and spindle-
shaped ; odontophore broad, with numerous lateral spines, which are
comparatively large and recurved at an angle; colour (in spirit) dirty
yellowish (Abraham.)
Length (in spirit) ‘68; breadth, -45 inch.
D. longula, Abraham, P.Z.S., 1877, p. 253, pl. xxix, fi 4-5.
Body oblong, rounded at both ends; mantle ample, covered with a
minute sub-equal granulation ; rhinophores short, broad, and aparently
conical ; their cavities with the apertures simple, and not produced ;
branchize twelve, small, slender, bipinnate, in a complete circle round
the tubular anus; retractile in a wide cavity with minutely and irregu-
larly denticulated margin ; oral tentacles small and linear ; foot oblong,
rounded at the ends, transversely grooved in front, with both laminz
notched ; it reaches behind to the edge of the mantle, and its border is
free and flattened ; colour (in spirit) a dirty cream (Abraham.)
Length (in spirit) -73 ; breadth, ‘27 inch.
D. museula, Abraham, P.Z.S., 1877, p. 256, pl. xxix, f- 6-7.
Body elliptical, convex ; mantle covering the head and the foot, but not
laterally flattened or extended into a border; it is covered above with
very small, close, equal,. elongated, linear or sub-clavate tubercles ;
rhinophores (not visible in the specimen) retractile into cavities of which
the mouths are produced into short tuberculated sheaths; branchize
DORIDID. 127
nine, small, simply pinnate, or bearing lateral laminz, and compressed ;
the margin of the cavity into which they are retractile is fringed with
small elongated tubercles ; oral tentacles rather flat and linear ; foot
oblong, rounded at the ends, with a deep transverse groove in front, the
upper lamina being thin and mesially divided; it does not extend
behind as far as the mantle-edge ; colour (in spirits) greyish, with a
yellowish tinge beneath, on the back is a band of faint reddish-brown,
extending from between the rhinophores nearly as far as the branchie,
and bordered on each side by an equally broad indistinct blue-band,
shading into gray on the outer sides ; the two latter bands join together
between the rhinophores and before the branchiz ; the coloration of
these bands is produced by a very minute close freckling between the
small tubercles (Abraham.)
Length, *52; breadth, -36 inch.
D. lanuginata, Abraham, P.Z.S., 1877, p. 255, pl. xxix., f 15-17.
Body ovate, rather convex ; mantle large, expanded all round, with a
wavy irregular crenate border; it is covered closely with numerous,
small, soft, linear, tubercles ; rhinophores clavate, short, thick, truncated
at the apices, and with numerous fine lamellz extending far down ; they
are retractile within large wide denticulated and tuberculated sheaths ;
branchiz five, short, broad, tripinnate, set deeply in a pallial cavity with
raised denticulate margin; the short tubular anus is situated almost
between the two posterior plumes ; oral tentacles flat, spatulate, and
longitudinally grooved above ; foot oblong, rounded at both ends, with
a deep transverse slit in front, the upper lamina divided, and with a
short process in the middle; flattened, and with crenulate edge at the
sides and posteriorly ; colour (in spirit) dirty greyish-brown, mottled with
darker, the dark shade prevailing over the upper surface, except on the
more central dorsal area; below the tint is uniform and lighter, with
the exception of a few dark brown spots; the upper surface of the
border of the foot is freckled and sparsely spotted with dark brown
(Abraham.)
Length (in spirit,) 1°3 ; breadth, ‘9 inch.
D. wellingtonensis, 4éraham, P.Z.S., 1877, p. 259, pl. Xxix.,
jf. 27-28; O. tuberculatus, Hutton, C.M.M., p.54., nec. Cuv. Body oval,
convex, swollen ; mantle thick, fleshy, not extended or flattened at the
border ; covered with large rounded flat pustules, between which are
scattered small opaque, whitish, tubercular spots ; rhnophores small,
clavate, compressed from before backwards, each with more than
twenty-six small laminee, lying between shallow longitudinal depressions,
and extending low down ; the apices are styliform, and marked with
lamin, except at the extreme rounded tip ; they are retractile through
large, wide, fleshy sheaths ; branchiz seven, ramose, tripinnate, moder-
ate in size, surrounding the tubular anus, which is placed near, and
opposite to the interval between the last two plumes ; the whole system
is retractile within a large deep cavity, the margin of which is crenulate
and wavy, and can be contracted completely over them ; oral tentacles
short, thick, tubercular, truncated, and apparently with a central pit on
S
128 DORIDID.
the apex; foot oblong, broad, fleshy, flatly rounded, and without an
anterior groove; posteriorly it is obtusely accuminated; colour (in
spirit) dirty white ; the mantle spicules seem to be absent (Abraham.)
Length, 1°65 ; breadth, 1°2.
When living the pustules on the mantle are hemispherical ; the foot
and rhinophores are bright orange ; the mantle dirty yellowish orange ;
branchiz paler. It is sometimes 4 or 5 inches in length.
Auckland to Dunedin.
D. carinata, Quoy, lc, i, p 254, pl. 16, fi. 14-16; Chenu, f.
3052. Oval, convex, rough, keeled above; dirty-yellowish ; tentacles
truncate, pediculated ; branchize tuberculated, covered with small rude
hairs; branchie of four little ciliated tubercles; size small; colour
yellowish-white ; foot whitish (Q. & G.)
River Thames.
This species belongs to the genus Afagema of Gray.
Sub-Family— Leptoglosse.
Oral tentacles united into a veil; odontophore narrow and _ strap-
shaped, with but few spines in each transverse row.
Genus, ACANTHODORIS—Gray.
Body convex; mantle moderate, covered with soft papillie ; oral
tentacles united ina veil, with free flattened lateral ends; branchiz united
at the base, non-retractile ; odontophore narrow, with two large spines, and
several rudimentary ones in each transverse row, none central ; usually
a spinose buccal collar, and rudimentary under jaw.
North Atlantic and New Zealand only.
A. mollicella, Abraham, P.Z.S., 1877, p. 262, pl. xxx., fr 1-4.
Body ovate, convex, soft ; mantle covering the back and sides, but not
extending over the border of the foot ; bearing above large, long, linear,
or sub-conical ; soft papillee, which are especially numerous at the sides
and around the branchiz ; rhinophores, long, slender, pointed,
apparently conical, and laminated far down ; the denticulated sheath,
through which each is retractile, has two of the antero-lateral
divisions enlarged and produced into two long flat conical papillee ;
branchize seven to nine, bipinnate, non retractile, their bases united, and
set in a star round the short tubular anal opening; oral veil short from
before backwards, with the lateral ends free and flattened ; foot broad
and oblong, truncated (or the outline curving inwards) in front, and
without a transverse groove ; it is flatly rounded behind, and the border
all round is flattened, crenulate, and extending beyond the mantle,
particularly posteriorly ; colour (in spirit) uniform dark greyish-olive
(Abraham.)
Length (in spirit) 11; breadth, °7 inch.
Auckland Islands only.
A elobosa, Abraham, ZS. oT 7p) 202," DL sxx e/a 5.0:
Body ovate, broad, very convex and inflated ; mantle membranous on
ROLIDIDA. 129
the back and sides, reaching down over the foot, except perhaps quite
behind, and bearing scattered, soft, conical, pointed, tubercles, which
are more numerous towards the border; the rhinophores are apparently
rather short and slender, laterally flattened and retractile within sheaths,
of which two of the marginal denticulations are enlarged; branchiz
seven, bi- (? tri-) pinnate, non-retractile, situated around the anus, far
back and low down; oral veil short, very wavy, the sides prolonged,
free, and flattened ; foot broad, truncate in front, with a very indistinct
transverse groove ; it is rounded behind, and the margin all around is
very wavy ; colour (in spirit) transparent white, with a blue coloration
on the back and sides ; some of the lower tubercles have a reddish or
brownish-tinge at the base ; the rhinophores are faint-purplish, becoming
lighter at the apex ; the branchiz are variegated with gray ; underneath
the margin of the mantle is marked with fine close, radiating reddish-
brown purplish lines; the foot and oral veil are yellowish-white
(Abraham. )
Length, ‘8 ; breadth, °5 inch.
SECTION— AIOLOBRANCHIATA.
Gills various, not arranged round the vent, but usually in rows along
the sides of the body.
FAMILY—AOLIDID.
Tongue narrow ; teeth in a single central series; jaws horny ;
tentacles subulate, simple, rarely ringed, contractile; gills superficial,
fusiform or branched, on the sides of the back ; vent lateral, on the right
side.
Sxb-Family—Aolidine.
Gills in two rows on each side ; foot developed.
Genus, PHIDIANA—Gray.
Tentacles clavate, perfoliate ; oral tentacles subulate; gills in cross
rows along the back; branchiz linear, crowded; caudal extremity
slender and greatly extended ; eyes none.
P. longicauda, Quwoy, Zc, ii., . 288, pl. 21, f 9-10. Elongate,
graceful, very soft; apex acute; tailed; below brown; branchiz in
many series.
Length, 2 inches ; of the tail, $ an inch.
Head reddish-yellow ; back brownish, also most of the branchie ;
rest of the body is white. (Q. & G.)
Cook Strait.
Class—Scaphopoda.
Head rudimentary ; a pair of horny jaws ; mouth surrounded by
many filiform tentacles ; eyes none ; radula wide, of 25-30 joints, each
of 5 plates, the median one toothed, the inner lateral, uncinated, the
outer lateral, unarmed. Anal sinus with two openings; foot small,
consisting of a central cylindrical lobe, with two lateral wing-like
epipodia ; dicecious.
FAMILY—DENTALIID.
Body elongated. Mantle circular. Gills two, symmetrical; operculum
none. Shell elongate ; vertex perforated, posteriorly inclined ; aperture
circular, not constricted.
Genus, DENTALIUM—Linneus.
Shell symmetrical, tubular, tapering, recurved; apical perforation
entire.
D. zealandicum, Sowerby, tn Reeves Conch. Ic., f- 8 (1872.)
Shell rather straight, narrow, banded with pale ferruginous brown, armed
with numerous rough ribs, very little arched; aperture rather narrow
(Sowerby.)
Length, 2°3; breadth, anterior end, °35; posterior end, ‘o6 (from
figure. )
D. pacificum, Hutton, CM.M., p. 5 (1873.) Solid, tapering,
slightly curved, longitudinally grooved ; grooves unequal, about thirty at
the anterior end, but diminishing in number towards the apex ; white.
Length, 2°4; breadth, anterior end, *3 ; posterior end, ‘o5.
Perhaps the same as the last.
Class—Pteropoda.
Head more or less distinct; eyes none; mouth often furnished
with cup-shaped appendages ; fins on the sides of the mouth or neck ;
body ovate or roundish, often enclosed in a thin translucent shell.
Animal free, floating on the surface of the sea ; hermaphrodite.
ORDER—THECOSOMATA.
Head indistinct, with two wings on the sides of the mouth. Tooth
of lingual membrane hooked, with a strong hooked tooth on each side.
Gills internal. Body inclosed in a shell.
FAMILY—HYALID.
Body enclosed in an elongate or globular thin shell. Head not
distinct ; fins two, large, united. Gills internal.
Genus, HY ALEA—Lamark.
Shell globular, translucent ; mouth narrower than the cavity, with a
lateral slit on each side ; dorsal plate produced into a hood ; posterior
extremity tridentate.
H. affinis, D'Or; Cavolina affinis, Gray, Cat. Ptr., Brit. Mus.,
p- 13 Reeve’s Conch. Ic., f. 3 (Pteropoda.) Shell inflated in front,
flattish behind, broader than high, finely transversely striated on the
upper anterior portion, almost smooth below and on the _ back;
posteriorly three spined, the lateral ones short, the middle one slightly
reflexed ; dorsal lip produced, with three broad rounded ribs, which run
along the back towards the median spine ; brownish.
Chatham Islands.
Class—Lamellibranchiata.
No head, nor eyes. Shell composed of two valves, occasionally with
supernumerary pieces ; heart with two chambers ; nervous system with
three principal pairs of ganglia. Gills lamellar, two on each side.
Usually dicecious.
ORDER—IsoMYA.
Adductor scars two, equal, or sub-equal on each valve.
SECTION—SINUPALLIATA.
Pallial line with a deep sinus.
Sub-Order—Pholadacea.
Mantle closed, but allowing two more or less elongated siphons to
pass out, which are contiguous at the base ; the inferior with two pairs
of branchiee in it. .
FAMILY—-PHOLADID.
Animal symmetrical, club-shaped or worm like. Palpi elongate,
linear. Mantle partly exposed, closed in front, except an aperture for
the foot ; siphons large, elongated, united nearly to their ends ; orifices
fringed. Gills narrow, prolonged into the branchial siphon, attached
throughout, closing the branchial chamber. Foot short and truncated.
Shell gaping at both ends, thin, white, brittle; hinge plate reflected
over the umbones, and a long curved muscular process beneath each ;
anterior muscular impression on the hinge plate; pallial sinus very
deep.
Boring holes in wood and rocks.
Genus, BARNEA—Risso.
Shell ovato-oblong; gaping anteriorly; a single lanceolate dorsal
accessory piece ; hinge margin reflected. Siphons naked at their base,
both branchial and anal cirrated.
B. similis, Gray, Dief. N.Z, ii, p. 254; Reeve, Conch. Le.
(Pholas,) f. to. Rather elongate, acute in front, tapering behind ; with
concentric lamine, which are higher and closer together at the anterior
end, where they are crossed by radiating lines ; sub-spinose at the
crossings ; dorsal plate elongate, acute in front, truncated behind.
Height, 1; length, 2°5.
Common in the North Island. Waikouaiti.
PHOLADID&. 133
Genus, PHOLADIDEA—Turton.
Siphons with horny or shelly pieces at their base, the branchial
siphon cirrated, the anal plain at the end. Shell widely gaping in front,
but closed by a callous plate ; two dorsal pieces, straight.
P. spathulata, Sowerby, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 162; Reeve, Conch. Le.
(Pholas,) f- 45. Shell elongated, closed, obliquely divided ; anterior
part radiately ribbed, sub-angulated ; posterior part concentrically lightly
striated, subtruncated, protected at the margins by an integument, pro-
duced at the end into a horny cup with spathulate sides; two equal
lamin, bilobed posteriorly, elongated anteriorly at the umboes
(Sowerby.)
As far South as Waikouaiti.
P. tridens, Gray, Dief. N.Z., ii., p. 254; Voy. Erebus and
Terror, pl. 2, f.8; Reeve, Conch. Lc., f: 38. Ovate, with a deep central
groove ; front half with close waved concentric ridges ; hinder half with
distant regular concentric grooves; front gape large, broad, ovate, at
length closed up, the two hinder processes forming together a cup about
as long as broad, each furnished with a sub-marginal and central rib
(Gray. )
According to Sowerby, this species comes from Monte Christo.
Genus, THEREDO—Linneus.
Animal worm-like ; siphons furnished at their extremity with two
shelly styles or pallettes ; umbonal muscle covered only with a coriace-
ous epidermis, and not protected by shelly accessory valves. Shell
globose, gaping anteriorly and behind ; valves trilobate, divided by a
single transverse groove ; hinge margins inflexed anteriorly ; interior of
valves furnished with a long curved process. Living at the inner extre-
mity of a burrow, partly or entirely lined with shell.
T. antarctica, Hutton, C.M.M., ~. 59. Shell globose, the valves
tri-lobed, ear-shaped behind, lower lobe produced, acute, the interior
process for attachment of the pedal muscle, dilated at the end ; anterior
end deeply notched, the notch forming a right angle ; outside smooth
behind, striated in front by lines parallel to the edge of the notch, the
strie on the lower and posterior part being finer than those on the
upper and anterior part, and the interstices with minute cross striz,
while the interstices of the upper strie are smooth; tube obsolete ;
pallettes elongate, slightly curved, penniform.
Auckland to Dunedin.
Sub-Order—Myacea.
Siphons long, united ; gills not extending into them. Shell gaping
behind, with an inner hinge cartilage. Shell and siphons covered with
periostracum.
134 GLYCIMERID&.
FAMILY—GLYCIMERID.
Animal symmetrical, oblong. Mantle lobes united and thickened in
front ; siphons large, elongated, often invested with a thick wrinkled
epidermis, united nearly to their ends, the orifices fringed; pedal
opening small. Gills two on each side, narrow, unequal, united behind,
and extending into the branchial siphon. Foot small, digitiform,
inferior, furnished with a byssal groove. Shell equivalve, thick, gaping
at both ends ; hinge with a rudimentary cardinal tooth ; ligament exter-
nal, solid and prominent, placed upon a more or less strong callosity ;
pallial impression irregular, sinuated behind.
Genus, SAXICAVA—Bellevue.
Palpi small, free ; siphons large, united nearly to their ends ; orifices
fringed. Shell oblong, irregular, generally equivalve, inequilateral,
slightly gaping at both ends; hinge linear, without teeth or with a rudi-
mentary one on each valve; ligament external; pallial line sinuated,
not continuous.
S. australis, Zamark, Anim. sans vert., v., p. 1533; Reeve, Conch.
Le., f. 8; S. distorta, Say; Hiatella minuta, Gray in Dieff. N.Z., 1u., p.
252. Shell oblong, very rugose, more or less distorted ; umboes large,
much elevated, nearly terminal; posterior side obliquely produced,
angular, obsoletely spinose at the angle ; ventral margin sloped upwards
at the end; terminal margin opliquely truncated ; dorsal margin straight,
with a flattened area (Sowerby.)
Auckland to Dunedin. Australia. Tasmania. America.
This shell is said by Sowerby to be more tumid, especially towards
the umboes than S. avcfzca, with which it has generally been con-
founded.
Genus, PANOPA— Menard.
Siphons large, united nearly as far as their extremities, and invested
with a thick wrinkled epidermis. Shell equivaive, inequilateral, gaping
at each end, thick ; ligament external on prominent ridges, one promi-
nent tooth in each valve ; pallial impression strong, with a more or less
deep sinus.
For notes on the anatomy of this genus, see Woodward in P.Z.S.,
OHS, ss 2 LSe
P. zealandica, Quoy, Zc, 1, p. 547, pl. 83, f 7-9; Reeve
Conch. Lc., f. 9. Oval, inequilateral, sub-compressed, widely gaping,
longitudinally plicated ; umbones obtuse, recurved ; white.
eight, cin; length or; breddthamn 1. (OF csGs)
Sowerby says this species is from Queensland.
Common in the North, rare in the South. Chatham Islands.
Pesolandri. Gray, Dic. INZe i Ps 2155 5 -Lncede,. Conch alae
6. Oblong, ventricose, rounded in front, rather narrower and truncated
behind, smooth ; white ; much more ventricose than the last (Gray.)
CORBULIDA, 135
FAMILY—CORBULID~.
Body not symmetrical. Palpi, long, narrow, pectinated on both
sides. Mantle closed, except anteriorly; pedal orifice small, the
margins dentate ; siphons short, united, the orifices fringed with cirri,
the anal furnished with a tubercular, membranous, retractile valve.
Gills two on each side, dependent, separate, moderately prolonged.
Foot long, sub-cylindrical, furnished with a byssal groove. Shell porcel-
lanous ; valves unequal, closed posteriorly ; hinge with a conical tooth
and a cartilage pit in each valve. Pallial line slightly sinuated.
Genus, CORBULA-—-Bruguiere.
Shell inequilateral, gibbous, rounded in front and produced _pos-
teriorly ; ligament internal; pallial sinus slight; pedal scars distinct
from the adductors.
C. zealandica, Quoy, Zc., iii., ~. 511, pl. 85, f 12-14; C. catlowe,
Reeve, Conch. Ic, f- 21. Small ovato-trigonal, swollen behind, finely
longitudinally striated ; yellowish or pinkish white ; interior brownish,
margin brown.
Height, -3 ; length, -5 ; breadth, ‘25. (Quoy.)
Common in the north. Found also in Australia.
Reeve says that his C. cad/owe differs from C. zealandica in that ‘it
is not striated, nor does the anterior side present the tellina-like
flexuosity of that species.”
C. erythrodon, Lamark,*Anim. sans vert., vi., p. 138; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f. 4. Shell ovate, nearly equivalve, anterior side the more
produced, and angularly carinated; longitudinally grooved, pale,
interior stained round the edge with red or pinkish-purple (Reeve.)
China. Japan.
Neither this species, nor the last, are found in the South Island.
Cyadusta, ids P27.S., 1844, +p. 265, Reeve, Conch. e,. 7-230:
Shell somewhat obliquely triangular, smooth, rather swollen, rounded
posteriorly, slightly angulately accuminated anteriorly ; reddish-brown,
covered with a horny epidermis ; umbones eroded (Rgeve.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
C. haastiana, Hutton, Jour de Conch, 1871, p. 84. Sub-trigonal,
very inequivalve, covered with a brown epidermis ; rounded posteriorly,
obsoletely keeled anteriorly ; right valve very finely striated; the left
deeply grooved ; ventral margin sinuated anteriorly ; yellowish-white.
Height, :4; length, 4.
Lyttelton.
FAMILY—ANATINID‘.
Mantle margins united. Siphons elongate, generally more or less
separate, the orifices fringed. Mantle with a small valvular aperture
under the siphons. Gills pinnate, apparently one on each side, the
T
136 ANATINIDA.
outer laminze prolonged dorsally beyond the point of attachment. Foot
more or less linguiform. Shell with the interior nacreous, more or less
gaping at the extremities ; ligament external ; cartilage internal, placed
in corresponding pits and furnished with a free ossicle.
Genus, ANATINA—Lamark.
Siphons covered with a rugose epidermis. Shell oblong, ventricose,
very thin, often translucent, sub-equivalve ; umbones fissured, directed
backwards ; hinge with a spoon-shaped cartilage process in each valve ;
pallial sinus wide and shallow.
A. tasmanica, Reeve, Conch. Ic, f. 20. Shell nearly equilateral,
oblong, rather compressed, sub-hyaline, rather obsoletely granulated,
sides rounded, but little gaping, posterior rather the narrower (Reeve.)
Auckland. Collingwood. Australia and Tasmania.
Genus, LYONSIA—Turton.
Siphons short, separate at their extremities. Shell with the left
valve slightly larger, thin; cartilaye plates oblique, covered by an
oblong ossicle ; pallial sinus angular; interior sub-nacreous.
L. vitrea, Hutton, C.A0.M., p. 61. Elongately oblong, very thin,
slightly gaping and truncated behind; umbones sub-central, smooth,
white, finely longitudinally striated ; pallial sinus extending to the centre
of the shell, rounded.
Eleight, “5); lengths *:7 5.
Genus, THRACIA—Leach.
Siphons divergent, separate nearly their entire length, their orifices
fringed. Shell oblong, slightly compressed, attenuated and gaping
posteriorly ; cartilage process thick, not prominent, with a cresentic
ossicle ; pallial sinus shallow.
T. nove zealandiz, Reeve, Conch. Lc., f 19. Shell somewhat
triangularly ovate, rather solid, posteriorly rather broadly angled; left
valve flat ; concentrically rudely plicately striated, especially towards the
umbones ; umbones rather sharp, a little beaked, whitish, smooth
(Reeve.)
Possibly a variety of 7! australica.
Genus, NEA*°RA---Gray.
Siphons short, united, the orifices of both with a few long cirri, the
anal with a membranous valve. Shell thin, transparent, generally pro-
longed into a gaping beak behind; hinge with a small spoon-shaped
process in each valve, and_a large lateral recurved tooth in the right
valve,
ANATINID&. £37
N. trailli, Hutton, CAM, p. 62. Ovate, produced behind ;
white, with distant concentric lamin, which become obsolete on the
beak ; beak rugose.
Height, ‘2; length, -4.
Stewart Island, 14 fathoms.
Genus, MYODORA, Gray.
Trigonal, rounded in front, attenuated and truncated behind ; right
valve convex, left flat; interior pearly ; cartilage narrow, triangular,
between two tooth-like ridges in the left valve, with a free sickle-shaped
ossicle ; pallial line sinuated.
M. striata, Quoy, fc. ii., 2. 537, pl. 83, f. 10; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,
J. 6; Chenu, f. 215. Ovato-trigonal, solid, longitudinally striated,
anterior end rounded, posterior sub-angulated and folded ; sub-equila-
teral ; apex acute; white ; interior pearly.
Height, 1173's length, 1°55.
Common in the North, rare in the South. Dunedin.
The Natives call this shell “ pakira.”
Me plana, Reeve, P:ZS., we445 Conch. Te, f. 3; MM. brevis,
C.M.M. Shell triangularly oblong, slightly truncated anteriorly, very
flat, concentrically striated ; striz raised, rather distant, those of the left
valve the more prominent (Reeve.)
Height, °35 ; length, 4.
Stewart Island. Philippines.
Mi Ovata, Aecve P.Z.S., 1844.5 Conch. Te, f-4; Chenu; fo 210.
Shell ovate, somewhat triangular ; left valve ventricosely concave ; right
valve slightly convex, concentrically striated ; strive raised, somewhat
obsolete near the anterior margin, those of the right valve numerous
and close, of the left valve prominent, and rather distant ; umbones
depressedly incurved (Reeve.)
Height, °6; length, -45.
Stewart Island. Australia. Tasmania. Philippines.
M. rotunda, Sowerby, P.Z.S., 1875, p. 129, pl. xxiv., f 8. Shell
roundly sub-trigonal, very inequivalve, white, both valves concentrically
strongly striated, with two slight angles on the posterior side; dorsal
margin excavated, scarcely incurved ; umbones acute, of a bluish tint ;
right valve very ventricose, with two ribs from the umbones to the
posterior margin ; left valves flat ; triagonal ligamentary pit rather small
(Sowerby. )
Height, ‘9 ; breadth, r’o inch.
The right valve is much deeper ; umbones more central; dorsal
margin less incurved and more sloping; ligamentary pit much smaller,
and the whole shell rounder than in JZ. striata.
Genus, CHAMOSTRZZA—Roissy.
Shell inequivalve, solid, attached by the nght valve; left valve
flat.
Australia and New Zealand only.
138 MACTRID&.
CG. albida, Zamark, vi., ~. 585; Woodward's Manual of the
Mollusca, pl. 23, f. 14. Right valve keeled, attached by its anterior
side ; umbones anterior, sub-spiral; left valve with an oblong curved
ossicle.
Length, 2°5.
Auckland to Cook Strait. Chatham Islands. Australia. Tasmania.
FAMILY—MACTRID&.
Labial tentacles long and pointed, pectinated on their inner sides.
Mantle lobes more or less free beneath, united before and behind, the
margins more or less distinctly fringed ; siphons united to their extremi-
ties, which are surrounded by fringes of simple cirri. Foot lanceolate,
sub-anterior. Shell equivalve. Hinge with two cardinal teeth in each
valve, the hinder small, compressed, often rudimentary, the front trian-
gular, more or less deeply notched ; lateral teeth of left valve simple, of
right valve double; cartilage in an internal triangular pit behind the
cardinal teeth. Siphonal inflexion distinct.
Sub-Family—Mactrine.
Mantle lobes free. Shell sub-triangular, ovate, nearly closed
behind ; lateral teeth distinct, well developed, laminar.
Genus, MACTRA —Linneus.
Hinge with the cardinal teeth moderate; lateral teeth distinct ;
ligament external, in an oblique, triangular groove opening into the
upper edge of the cartilage pit ; pallial sinus angular.
M. discors, Gray, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1837, p. 371 5 Reeve, Conch.
Ie. f- 17; Voy. Erebus and Terror, pl. 2, f. 4. Shell rotundately ovate,
somewhat triangular, rather thick, equilateral, regularly convex, smooth,
greyish-white, covered towards the margin with a blackish-brown epi-
dermis; posterior side rather flattened, surrounded with a slightly
keeled obtuse angle ; umbones smail, closely approximated ; lunule and
area plicately striated ; sinus of the mantle very short, broad, and semi-
circular (Reeve.) |
Auckland to Dunedin.
M. murchisoni, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1854; Reeve, Conch. Lc., f. 76.
Shell ovate, sub-ventricose, rather solid, white, smooth, covered towards
the margin with a straw-coloured epidermis, nearly equilateral, anterior
side rounded, posterior rather the longer, slightly angularly produced;
angle linearly keeled ; lunule very large, wrinkle ridged ; umbones close
set (Reeve.)
Apparently a younger specimen of the last.
M. scalpellum, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1854; Reeve, Conch. Ic, f.
106; D. pusilla, Hutton, C.M.M., p. 64. Shell triangularly oblong,
thin, very compressed, equilateral, smooth, shining white; extremities
MACTRIDA. 139
rather attenuately rounded; umbones very small, close; lunule and
area very natrow, indistinct, plicately striated (Reeve.)
Much like a Ze//zna.
Stewart Island.
M. equilateralis, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1853, p. 17; Reeve, Conch.
Ic., f. 14; Voy. Erebus and Terror, pl. 2, f- 10. Trigonal, nearly as
high as long, solid, longitudinally striated ; lunule smooth ; anterior end
subangulated, slightly flattened above ; posterior angled and flattened
above; white; umbones tipped with purplish; interior yellowish,
sometimes purplish in the upper part.”
Pierehi 1°75; leneth; 2°25.
Common. Auckland to Dunedin.
M. donaciformis, Gray, Beecher’s Voy. Moll. p. 154; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f- 62. Shell ovately triangular, inequilateral, swollen, semi-
cordate ; umbones sharp, opposite, distant, transversely very finely
striated ; white, beneath a fulvous epidermis, anteriorly obtuse, pos-
teriorly broadly flat and angled, accuminated at the extremity (Reeve.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
Sub-Family—Lutraritne.
Mantle lobes generally united. Shell oblong or elongate, gaping
behind ; lateral teeth very small, rudimentary, often obsolete, especially
in the adult shell.
Genus, STANDELLA—Gray.
Shell ovate, hinder slope more or less keeled; hinge with the
lateral teeth short, smooth, the anterior oblique ; lhgament sub-external,
marginal, not separated from the cartilage.
S. ovata, Gray, Dief. N.Z, ii, p..251 3) Reeve, Conch. Ic.
(Mactra,) f. 30; M. rudts, Hution, Cat. Tert., Moll. N.Z., p. 19; M.
deluta, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep. Ovate, ventricose, inequilateral, thin,
slightly concentrically wrinkled; rounded in front, rather attenuated
and produced behind; white, covered with a thin pale brown periostraca,
much produced beyond the edge behind; inside yellow; lateral teeth
short, very high and sub-triangular (Gray.)
Auckland to Dunedin.
S. elongata, Quoy and Gaimard, lc, i., p. 518, pl. 83, f. 1.2,
nec., Reeve; M. inflata, Hutton, Cat. Tert., Moll. N.Z., p. 18. Oval,
anterior side shorter, rounded, its dorsal margin rather concave ; pos-
terior side rounded, its dorsal margin convex ; umbones rather inflated,
incurved ; smooth or lightly concentrically striated.
Height, 2°3 ; length, 3.
S. notata, Hutton, C.M.M., p. 64; M. elongata, Reeve, Conch.
Ic., f: 43, nec., Q. & G. Thick, solid, concentrically striated round the
margin ; lunule and area plicately rugose, rest smooth ; anterior end
140 MACTRIDA,
shorter, attenuated; nght valve with two lateral teeth on each side;
left valve with the anterior hinge tooth bifid, and the anterior lateral
deeply notched ; cartilage pit broad and flat ; pallial sinus reaching to
the centre of the shell; white, with brown spots and dashes ; covered
with a thin brown epidermis.
Height, 2°5 ; length, 4.
Stewart Island, 25 fathoms. North Island.
Genus, ZENATIA—Gray.
Equivalve, inequilateral, oblong, umbo anterior, sub-marginal, gaping
at both extremities, covered by a thick and _ projecting epidermis ;
cartilage plate prominent, cardinal teeth distinct, no lateral teeth ; pallial
sinus deep, horizontal ; hinge posterior.
Z. acinaces, Quoy and Gaimard, l.c., p. i1., p. 545, pl. 83, f- 5-6;
Reeve, Conch. Ic. (Lutraria), f. 14; Chenu, f. 248; Z. cumingtana, Deshayes,
P.Z.S. 1844; Reeve, Conch. Ic. f. 13.-. Shell thin, compressed, oval
oblong, arcuate, greyish-yellow, interior emerald green, behind finely
striated, outside greyish-yellow, the umbo almost white ; interior white,
pearly and iridescent, yellowish towards the umbo (Q. & G.)
Length, 1 inch 10 lines ; height, 9 lines; thickness, 4 lines.
Auckland to Dunedin. Australia.
The figures of Reeve, No. 14, and of Chenu, are very bad.
Z. deshayesii, Reeve, Conch Lc. (Lutraria) f. 1; Z. solenoides,
Desh. P.Z.S., 1854; nec Lamark. Shell elongately oblong, thinnish,
rather narrow, concentrically densely striated, striae somewhat wrinkle-
like ; sides equally rounded, the anterior very long, much gaping. Rust-
flesh tinged, covered with a greenish olive epidermis (Reeve.)
No doubt the same as the last.
Genus, VANGANELLA—Gray.
Transversely oblong, thin, compressed, covered with a smooth
epidermis, sub-equilateral, rounded in front, attenuated and sub-angular
behind, with two divergent ribs in the interior; cardinal teeth of the
left valve near together, those of the right valve separated ; lateral teeth
small, thin ; ligament sub-external, marginal, cartilage-plate, elongated,
not very deep.
New Zealand only.
V.taylorii, Gray; Ann. Nat. Hist., 1853, x1., p. 476; Voy.
Erebus and Terror, pl. 2, f. 5; Chenu, f. 249; Adams Gen. of Moll, pl.
102, f. 2; Lutraria lanceolata, Reeve, Conch, Ic., f.17. Shell rather
compressed, white, smooth, covered with a pale: brownish-white polish ;
periostraca darker coloured on the upper part of the front edge; the
upper hinder slope irregularly wrinkled with periostraca (Gray).
Cook Strait to Dunedin.
Genus, RAETA—Gray.
Shell cordiform, ventricose, thin ; sub-angular and slightly gaping
TELLINID, I41t
behind ; cardinal tooth strong, posterior lateral tooth small ; ligament
sub-external, marginal, not separated from the cartilage.
R. perspicua, Hutton, C.MM., p. 65. Ovate, ventricose and
rounded in front, compressed and sub-angular behind ; umbones pos-
terior, turned forwards, with broad rounded concentric corrguations that
show in the interior, and crossed by fine undulating tranverse striz.
Yellowish-white.
Height, 2; length, 2°75.
A single dead specimen from the Bay of Islands is in the Colonial
Museum, Wellington.
Genus, CAACELLA—Gray.
Shell oblong, sub-equilateral. Hinge with the cardinal tooth of left
valve broad, triangular, notched ; lateral teeth very small, close to the
cardinal tooth ; cartilage pit produced into the cavity of the shell ; liga-
ment marginal, near the cartilage.
C. zelandica, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1854, p. 335. Shell elongato-
transverse, elliptic, rather convex, solid, inequilateral, transversely
striated, covered with a yellowish epidermis, pellucid white, equally
obtuse and decurrent at each side ; anterior side shorter ; inferior margin
slightly arched ; cardinal tooth compressed, triangular, accuminate,
prominent ; pit narrow, deep, oblique, accuminate at the base ; lateral
teeth narrow, unequal, anterior short; pallial sinus deep, broad, sub-
trigonal, apex obtuse (Deshayes).
New Zealand (Cuming).
Sub-Order—Tellinacea.
Siphons long, fully separate; mantle wide open in front; outer gill
lamellar, often rudimental ; foot large.
FAMILY—TELLINID.
Palpi large and triangular. Mantle widely open anteriorly and with
the margins usually fringed or furnished with short filaments, siphons
very long, slender, diverging ; gills unequal, united beneath. Foot com-
pressed, broad, geniculate and linguiform. Shell generally with two
cardinal teeth in each valve, occasionally with lateral teeth; shell com-
pressed, usually closed and equivalve ; muscular impressions rounded,
pallial sinus very large ; ligament on the shortest side of the shell,
external, strong ; cartilage none.
Genus, PSAMMOBIA—Lamark.
Oval-oblong, equivalve, sub-equilateral, slightly gaping at each end ;
hinge straight, teeth %, sometimes bifid, no laterals ; muscular impressions
large, equally distant from the hinge.
P. stangeri, Gray, Dief. N.Z,,ii., p. 253; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 12.
Oblong, solid, rounded in front and rather obliquely truncated behind,
[42 TELLINID.
concentrically striated. Purplish white, obscurely rayed with darker ;
interior pinkish-purple.
Height, 1°5 ; length, 2°5.
Common. Auckland to Otago.
The Natives call this shell “‘ wahawaha.”
P. lineolata, Gray, Dieff. N.Z, ii. p. 253; Voy. Erebus and
Terror, Moll. pl. 2, f. 11; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 58. Elongato-oblong,
compressed, rounded in front and slightly angled behind ;_ purplish-pink,
with darker concentric bands, and radiating rays of lighter; interior
reddish-purple.
Height, 1°5 ; length, 3.
Common. Auckland to Dunedin. Chatham Islands.
P. zealandica, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1854, p. 319; P. zonalis, C._M.
M., non. Lam. Shell ovate, transverse, equilateral, rather short, rounded
on both sides, compressed, transversely obsoletely and irregularly striated ;
white, ornamented with interrupted rays or spots of purplish-red, interior
white, rays paler ; pallial sinus large, broad, deep, elliptic (Deshays).
New Zealand (Cuming).
P. affinis, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 22. Shell ovately transverse, equi-
lateral, transversely rudely striated, strize almost obsolete in the middle,
distinct anteriorly, slightly plicated posteriorly ; yellowish white, pro-
miscuously rayed towards the margin with flesh-rose, sides rounded, the
posterior but little truncated (Reeve).
New Zealand, and the Philippine Islands.
Genus, SOLETELLINA—Blainville.
Shell, oval-oblong, compressed, equivalve, sub-equilateral, umbones
slightly posterior, rounded in front, more attenuated and sub-carinate
behind; hinge straight ; teeth 3.
S. nitida, Gray, Dief. N.Z.,u., p. 253. Smith, Voy. Erebus and
Terror, Moll. pl. 2, f. 9; nec. Reeve, f. 6. Shell oval, oblong, thin, pel-
lucid, porous, rounded in front and rather tapering behind, covered with
a hard polished horn-colored periostraca ; inner surface purplish white,
or purple ; hinge teeth small (Gray).
Auckland to West Coast Sounds and Dunedin.
The following is Reeves’ description of the specimen figured under
this name: Shell rather compressed, nearly equilateral, purplish-white,
covered with a smooth, shining, transparent, horny epidermis, anterior
side rounded, posterior shorter, slopingly acuminated, and concentri-
cally wrinkled.
New Zealand. (Strange.)
S. siliqua, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 10. Shell narrowly transverse,
thin, equilateral, smooth, flesh-white, covered with a shining transparent
olive horny epidermis, faintly two-rayed on the posterior side, anterior
side rounded, posteriorly obliquely acuminately rounded (Reeve.)
New Zealand. (Hart.)
TELLINID/. 143
Probably the same as the last.
S. incerta, Reeve, Conch. Ic.,. f 13; Deshayes, M.S.S. Shell
oblong, transverse, broader posteriorly, thin, inequilateral, smooth,
covered with a thin horny epidermis, obscurely two-rayed posteriorly,
anterior side rounded, posterior obliquely truncated (Reeve.)
New Zealand. (Strange.)
S. nitens, Z7von, American Journal of Conchology, v. (1870,) p.
171, p/. 16, 7, 9g. Shell ovately transverse, somewhat inequilateral,
conversely flattened over the umboes, sides and ventral margin well
rounded, thin, purple, with a very thin shining horn-coloured epidermis,
purple within.
Length, 1°98; height, ‘1 inch.
New Zealand. (T. B. Wilson.)
Like S. nétida, Gray, but more swollen, and not angled and acumi-
nated posteriorly. (Tryon.)
Genus, TELLINA—Linneus.
Slightly inequivalve, compressed, rounded in front and slightly
folded behind ; umbones sub-central ; teeth 3; laterals +, most distinct
in the right valve ; pallial sinus very wide and deep; ligament external,
prominent.
T. alba, Quoy and Gaimard, Lc., ii., p. 500, pl. 81, f. 1-3 5 Keeve,
Conch. Ic., f. 180. Oblong, very thin, pellucid, white, very finely con-
centrically striated; anterior end rounded and obs letely plicated
above ; posterior end produced, sub-angular, slightly folded; lateral
teeth obsolete. ;
Height, 1:4; length;.2-2.
Auckland to Catlin River.
The Natives call this shell ‘‘hohe-hohe.” It is not the same as
T. albinella, Lam, which is found in Australia. I doubt whether it is
the same as 7! a/ba, Chemnitz.
T. deltoidalis, Zamark, vi., p. 206; Reeve, Conch. Le., f. 29; 7.
lactea, Quoy and Gaimard, Lc., ii., p. 501, pl. 81, f. 14-16 (not of
L.nneus.) Ovate, thinnish, white, very finely concentrically striated ;
anterior end rounded ; posterior rather produced, sub-angular, strongly
folded ; right valve with two cardinal teeth, the posterior bifid, and a
small lateral tooth on each side ; left valve with one bifid cardinal tooth
Height, 14; length, 1°75.
Auckland to Stewart Island.
T. disculus, Desh. P.Z.S., 1854, p. 360; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 306 ;
T. sublenticularis, Sow., Conch. Ic, f. 255; Z: lactea, Gray, 1.¢., Vi., p.
254. Sub-orbicular, rather thick, strongly concentrically striated ; an-
terior end rounded ; posterior end shorter, very obtusely sub-angular,
slightly folded; right valve with two slight cardinal and one strong
lateral tooth on each side ; left with two cardinal teeth, and a notch on
the hinge piate near the posterior end of the ligament ; vellowish-white ;
U
144 TELLINID&.
umbones yellow, interior white round the margin and_bright-yellow
between the muscular impressions and up to the umbones.
Height, 1-5);sleneth, 175.
North Island only. Chatham Islands.
Very close to 7! denticularis, Sowerby, from Japan. Reeve gives the
Philippines as the habitat of Z! dzsculus.
T. subovata, Sowerby; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 160; TZ: lintea,
Hutton, C.M.M., p. 67. Shell snow white, half pellucid, equally com
pressed, rather squarely ovate, smooth, not flexuous; posterior side
rather short, with the dorsal margin sloping, truncated at the end;
posterior angle nearly obsolete ; ventral margin rather straight ; anterior
side oblong, dorsal-margin sloping, excavated near the umbones, very
obtusely angular at the end; cardinal teeth small, no lateral teeth ;
ligament partly imbedded (Reeve.)
Stewart Island.
T. ticaonica, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1854, p. 358;. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f.
304. Shell small, elongato-ovate, transverse, compressed, hyaline, very
thin, inequilateral, shining, polished, the whole pale rose colour; anterior
side longer, obtuse, rather convex above, inferior margin parallel ;
posterior side short, truncated, sub-angular below; ligament short,
prominent ; hinge very narrow ; double tooth small, bifid in the right
valve ; pallial sinus large, deep, above much angled, ascending under
the umbones (Deshayes.)
Stewart Island. Philippines (Cuming.) Australia.
T. strangei, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1854, p. 362. Shell ovato-sub-
trigonal, rather convex, thin, pellucid, inequilateral, pale yellow, trans-
versely very finely lamellated, and regularly decussated with longitudi-
nal striz; lamelle regular, equidistant, short; anterior side longer,
above scarcely declining, obtuse ; posterior a little attenuated, obtuse,
hardly flexed, inferior margin regularly convex; umbones small, hardly
prominent, lunule small, scarcely excavated, lanceolate, smooth ; lateral
teeth large, sub-equal, equi-distant (Deshayes. )
New Zealand (Cuming. )
T. glabrella, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1854, f. 366; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,f.
296; Smith, Voy. Erebus and Terror, pl. 2, f. 7. Shell ovato-trigonal,
transverse, compressed, thin sub-equilateral, chalk-white, epidermis pale
yellowish, unequally obsoletely transversely striated ; anterior side longer
semt-elliptical, obtuse, convex above and below; posterior side attenu-
ated, trigonal, above straight and declining ; inferior margin straight in
the middle, arched at the ends; umbones acute; flexure narrow,
scarcely visible ; hinge narrow, bidentate, teeth unequal, small, laterals
none ; pallial sinus deep, gibbons above, then declining (Deshayes).
New Zealand (Cuming).
Genus, CAPSELLA~ Gray.
Shell ovate oblong, transverse, rounded at both ends, covered with
a greenish epidermis ; ligament short, external ; margin of valves entire.
PAPHIIDA. 145
C. radiata, Deshays, P.Z.S., 1854, ~. 348. Oblong, rounded in
front and rather obliquely truncated behind, with fine concentric striz,
which are slightly waved at the posterior end; teeth strong; bright
salmon colour, paler towards the margin, and with fine waved interrupted
radiating strize of darker.
Height, °5; length, ‘9.
Stewart Island. Philippines (Coll. Cuming).
FAMILY—PAPHIID~.
Animal as in Zé//inzde, siphons thick, diverging, separate from the
base. Foot tongue like. Shell equivalve, closed, with a cartilage in an
internal pit, and with a simple compressed primary tooth, and a rudi-
mentary process in the place of the second tooth; pallial sinus small.
Genus, MESODESMA—Deshayes.
Oval or sub-trigonal, thick, compressed, closed ; ligament internal,
in a deep central pit; a minute anterior hinge tooth and + lateral teeth
in each valve ; muscular scars deep, pallial sinus small.
M. novee-zealandie, Chemnitz ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 21; P.
rotssyana, Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool. \., p. 424, pl. 15, f. 43; MW. chem-
nitzit, Deshayes; Quoy and Gaimard, Lc. i, p. 505, pl. 82, f. 9-11.
Shell oblong-ovate, transverse, rather solid, nearly equilateral, sides
rounded, anterior a little the shorter; whitish, irregularly striated,
covered with a thin fulvous white shining horny epidermis (Reeve).
Height, 1°5 ; length, 225.
All over New Zealand, but more common in the North. Auckland
Islands.
The Natives call this shell “ kokota.” or “ pipi.”
M. ovalis, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1854, p. 336; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 7,
Shell oblong oval, rather thin, compressed towards the margin, nearly
equilateral, posterior side a little the narrower; shining white; rather
obscurely striated ; partially covered with a blackish epidermis (Reeve).
Probably the young of the last.
M. ventricosa, Gray, Dief. N.Z, ii., p. 252; Voy. Erebus and
Terror, Moll., pl. 3, f. 6. Ovate, wedge-shaped, truncated behind, thin.
ventricose, opaque white, smooth, slightly concentrically striated ;
covered with a thin nearly transparent horn-coloured epidermis ; edge
thin ; lateral teeth short, smooth, compressed, close to the cartilage pit,
the front one of the left valve the largest ; pallial sinus not quite reach-
ing to the centre of the disc (Gray).
North Shore. Cook Strait. (Dieffenbach).
Differs from JZ. Za¢a in having the pallial sinus deeper, in being more
inequilateral, and in having two obsolete keels radiating from the
unibones to the margin down the anterior end of the valves, whereas in
ata there is but a single obsolete angulation. It is very close to JZ.
donacta, Lam., from Chili.
146 VENERIDA.
M. lata, Deshayes; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 4. Shell triangularly ovate,
broad, compressed, concentrically densely irregularly striated, striae more
grooved at the sides; posterior side rounded, anterior much shorter,
angularly truncated ; umbones rather flattened ; whitish, covered with a
pale yellow horny epidermis (Reeve).
Dunedin.
M. spissa, Reeve, Conch. Lc., f- 18. Shell triangularly oblong,
thick; anteriorly rather sharply angled and truncated ;_ posteriorly
rounded ; compressed at the umbones ; posterior area rather broad,
sub-concave ; light fuscous white, irregularly striated (Reeve.)
Abundant. Chatham Islands. Auckland to Dunedin, more com-
mon in the south.
The Natives call this shell ‘‘ tuatua.”
This is probably the same as JZ. sub-triangulata, Gray, Ann. Phil.
(see Dieff., N.Z., ii., p. 252,) of which I have not been able to finda
description. It is not the same as JZ. cuneata, Lam., which is found in
South Australia.
S2b- Order— Veneracea.
Siphons moderate ; mantle wide, open in front ; foot large, pointed ;
gills four.
FAMILY--VENERID.
Labial palps small, triangular, acute. Mantle with a somewhat large
pedal opening ; siphons short, unequal, united for the greater part of
their length ; gills large, sub-quadrangular, united behind. Foot large,
compressed, linguiform, sometimes furnished with a byssal groove.
Shell regular, free, or perforating, closed or somewhat gaping. Hinge
usually composed of three diverging primary or cardinal teeth in each
valve ; ligament external, marginal. Muscular inpressions smooth,
oval ; pallial sine sinuated.
Sub-Family— Venerine.
Siphons free at their extremities. Foot lanceolate, without a_byssal
groove. Shell ovate, sub-trigonal ; hinge with the cardinal teeth trian-
gular, and with an anterior lateral tooth.
Genus, VENUS—Linneus.
Mantle margins fringed or furbelowed ; siphons unequal, separate,
diverging, the branchial with a double row of cirri, the inner one long
and simple, the outer shorter, furcate or stellate ; anal siphon conical,
crowned with short cirri. Shell oval, thick, inequilateral, swollen ; hinge
with three cardinal teeth, simple or bifid, in each valve, and a smal!
anterior lateral tooth ; transversely grooved or lamellate, margin finely
crenulated ; pallial line short and sinuous, always oblique.
VENERIDA. 147
V. nodosa, Dunker,; Reeve, Conch. Ic. f- 57; V. tuberosa,
Deshayes, Cat. Conch., Brit. Mus., p. 99. Cordato-globose, inequila-
teral, thick, solid, chaffy, with regular, concentric, thick, convex, broad,
tuberculous ribs ; tubercules unequal, the posterior ones larger, obli-
quely diverging, median obsolete; umbones large, swollen, cordate,
longitudinally striated; lunule brown, broadly cordate, flat, im-
pressed, finely striated ; ligamental area excavated, elongato-lanceolate ;
marked with large transverse spots (Deshayes.)
New Zealand (British Museum.)
Reeve states that this shell comes from West Africa, which is_pro-
bably correct.
V. oblonga, Hanley; Reeve, Conch. Lc., f- 1 ; Smith, Voy. Erebus
and Terror, pl. 2, f-1; V. zealandica, Gray, Dieff., N.Z., i., p. 249 (not
of Quoy and Gatmard.) Ovato-cordate, ventricose, solid, with close,
regular, slightly elevated, concentric laminz, which are higher at each
end ; lunule large, ovato-cordate ; margin finely crenulated ; brown or
brownish-white ; interior white.
Height, 1°8 ; length, 2:3.
Auckland to Dunedin. Auckland Islands.
V. crebra, Hutton, C.M.M., p. 70. Ovato-cordiform, sub-trigo-
nal, very thick, swollen, with rather close concentric striz, which are
crenulated at the anterior end by fine transverse striz ; posterior end
truncate; umbones large, much curved forwards; lunule cordate,
pallial sinus short, broad, trigonal, deeply margined ; brown ; interior
white.
Height, 1°75 ; ie TQ);
North Island.
Genus, CHIONE—Muhlfeldt.
Mantle margins plicato-dentate ; siphons short, broad, unequal and
united at the base, the branchial with two rows of cirri, the anal
ciliated. Shell oval, sub-trigonal ; hinge with two or three cardinal teeth
in each valve, but'no anterior lateral tooth; pallial sinus short, broad,
triangular.
C. lamellata, Zamark, Anim. sans vert.. vi. p. 349; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f- 78; Chenu, f. 368. Oval, angled in front, with distant
transverse lamellz which are striated on the outside, and recurved and
fringed in the adult ; white.
Height, 1°5 ; length, 2°25.
Auckland (Cheeseman). S. Australia and Tasmania.
C. yatei, Gray, Dief: N.Z, i., p. 250; Reeve, Conch., Ic., f. 84,
Voy. Erebus and Terror, pl. 3, f- 113 V. lucastt, Homb. and Jacgu. ; V.
calcarea, Gould. U.S. Ex. Ep. Ovate, sub quadrate, compressed, inequi-
lateral ; anterior end short, sub-angulated ; posterior truncated ; with
thin, concentric, erect, distant lamella, which are much higher and
148 VENERID*.
dentate at the posterior end ; lunule lanceolate, imbricatostriate ; pale
yellowish or brown, purplish at the umbones.
Height, 1°8 ; length, 2:1.
Common on the coasts of the North Island, and Massacre Bay ;
Dunedin rare.
The Natives call this shell ‘“ pukauri.”
CG. stuchburyi, Gray, Dief. NZ, ii., p. 250; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,
Ft 593; Smith, Voy. Erebus and Terror, pl. 3 a 4; V. dteffenbachit, Gray,
Dieff. N.Z., i., p. 250; V. sealandica, Ouoy, Lowi p i S226 Pl OAns. 15-0.
Ovato-cordiform, sub-trigonal, ey ollen thick, radiately ribbed, and with
distant concentric lamella, which are higher on the anterior end ; pos-
terior end smooth, both the nbs and the lamellz obsolete ; pallial sinus
short, broad, trigonal ; hinge plate curved and strongly sinuated ; lunule
not margined ; reddish-brown, paler behind, interior bluish-white, with
more or less dark purple on the posterior end.
Height, 1°75 5. length, 2:
Common, Auckland to Dunedin; Auckland Islands ; Chatham
Islands.
The Natives call this shell ** huai” or “ pipi.”
V. dteffenbachi?, Gray, is the young of this species.
C. costata, Quoy, Zc, il., p. 521, pl. 84, f 1-2; V. crassicostata,
Reeve, Conch. Lc., f. 42. Oral ‘swollen, inequilateral, rugose, truncated
behind ; with thick radiating abe crossed by concentric striz ; white,
sometimes yellowish on the umbones ; interior white, with the apex, and
generally the posterior end, purple.
Height, 1°2; length, 1°55.
Common in the South.
The Natives call this shell ‘“ kaikai-kororo.”
GC. lima, Sowerby ; Deshayes, l.c., p. 137; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 2.
Oval, sub-quadrate, pale, sparingly variegated with brown, radiately rib-
bed ; ribs rounded, serrated, concentrically ridged, ridges on the ribs
acuminate ; dorsal margin lined with brown, slightly declining, in front
greatly declining ; lunule impressed, fulvous ; ventral margin rounded.
(Deshayes. )
New Zealand (Cumming).
C. mesodesma, Quoy; Venus mesodesma et crassa et denticulata
et eee Quoy, l.c., pl. 84; V. spissa, Deshayes, Anim. sans vert. Vi., p.
373; V. spurca, Sowerby; Reeve, Conch. Lc. f- 90. Ovate, sub-trigonal,
rather compressed, sub- equilateral, longitudinally grooved ; lunule lan-
ceolate ; white or brown, with radiating bands or zig-zag lines of brown
or purplish- brown ; interior white in the centre with more or less violet
round the margins ; very variable in colour.
Heicht.-7 2 leneth, 11.
Common. Philippines and Valparaiso.
C. gibbosa, Hutton, CM.M., p. 71. Ovato-trigonal, gibbous,
sub-equilateral, longitudinally grooved, lunule cordate ; yellowish-white ;
VENERID. 149
interior white in the centre, with more or tess brownish-purple round the
margin.
Height, °55 ; length, ‘65.
A single right valve only, but common as a fossil at Wanganui.
C. paupercula, Chemnitz; Deshayes, Cat. Conch., Brit. Mus., p.
158; Wood Ind. Test., pl. 7, f. 31. Sub-cordate, smooth, sparingly
marked with reddish spots and veins on a brownish ground.
New Zealand (British Museum). Australia (?).
Chemnitz gives this shell from Coromandel ; it is not mentioned by
Reeves.
Genus—CALLISTA—Poli.
Mantle margins plicate, with filaments above the base of the respira-
tory siphon; siphons united to their ends, crowned with simple cirri.
Shell ovato-oblong ; a small, anterior, lateral tooth ; pallial sinus broad,
oblong, profound, horizontal ; margin entire; three cardinal teeth in
each valve.
C. multistriata, Sow. Zhes. Conch. 1, p. 628, pl. 136, f. 1773
Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 60 (Dione ;) Deshayes, lc. p. 64. Oval, sub-
elongate, finely concentrically striated ; anterior end shorter ; posterior
sub-acuminate ; lunule ovate, reddish; variegated and interruptedly
radiated with brown, fulvous, or pink ; pallial sinus broad.
Height, °55 ; length, ‘8s.
Wellington (F. W. H.)
I cannot agree with Mr. Tenison-Woods in considering C. dreman-
ensts, Hanley, as a synonym: of this species.
Gaicrupta, Sew hes. Conch. J., p~. 743, 1.163, f. 2085
Deshayes, lc, fp. 69. Oval, sub-compressed, finely concentrically
striated ; anterior end rather short; posterior sub-acuminate ; lunule
excavated, dorsal margin arched, variegated with large brownish-purple
spots ; yellowish-white, spotted and interruptedly raved with yellowish-
brown, or purple ; pallial sinus narrow.
Height, -9; length, 105.
New Zealand. (British Museum.) Australia. (Angas.)
Dr. v. Martens considers both this species and the last as synonyms
of C. planatella, Lamark.
Sub-Family—A rtemine.
Siphons united ; foot sub-quadrangular, without a byssal groove.
Shell orbicular ; pailial sinus oblique, triangular.
Genus, ARTEMIS—Poli.
Mantle margin plicate. Shell orbicular, compressed ; pallial sinus
oblique, triangular ; hinge large, with three cardinal teeth in each valve,
and an anterior lateral tooth. Shell ornamented with concentric strie.
150 VENERID/A
A. australis, Gray, Dieff: N.Z, ii., p. 249 (1843 3) D. anus, Phil.
Zeus, fur Mal. 18a, p. 132\; feeve, Conchalc,, pl. 2, 7, 104. Deshayes,
Cat. Conch. in British Museum, part 1, p. 23. Orbicular, longer than
high, with close elevated concentric laminz, decreasing in number
towards each extremity, where they are higher and reflexed towards the
umbones ; lunule cordate, deeply impressed, lamellate ; margin of tooth
plate much sinuated ; anterior cardinal tooth striated ; pallial sinus hori-
zontal, the angle pointing below the anterior adductor impression ; pale
pinkish-brown ; interior white, getting violet round the margin.
Height, 2°45 ; length, 2°6.
Common in the North Island, not found South of Oamaru.
As Venus australis (Q. & G.) has been identified with 4. varzegata,
Gray (1838,) from the Philippine Islands, Dr. Gray’s name may be
allowed to stand fer our shell, especially as Philippi’s name is_ highly
objectionable.
A. subrosea, Gray, Dieff. N.Z, ii, p. 249; Reeve, Conch. Lc.,
Y. Os, SZ, Voy. Lecbus. and Lerror, Moll., pl.) 3.7. 2. sOrbicular:
rather longer than high, closely concentrically striated, the striz,
decreasing in number and getting rather higher at each end; lunule
cordate, deeply impressed, striate ; margin of tooth plate very slightly
sinuated ; anterior cardinal tooth slightly striated or smooth ; pallial
sinus ascending, the angle pointing at the anterior adductor impression ;
pale pinkish-white, sometimes pinker at the umbones.
Height, 19; length, 1°95.
Common in the North Island ; Dunedin rare. Chatham ‘Islands.
The Natives call this shell, and also Zapes intermedia, ‘‘ hakari.”
A. lambata, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep., xii, p. 422, f. 536. Orbicu-
lar, rather compressed, very finely concentrically striated, the striz more
distant and more elevated towards the posterior end, thin; umbones
small, uncinate; lunule cordate, impressed, margined ; ligament sub-
enclosed ; posterior tooth of the nght valve large. deeply bifid ; white.
Height, 1; length, 1
North Island only.
A. carpenteri, Romer, Monogr., pl. 10, f- 2 (1862.) Cordato-
orbicular, thin, sub-compressed, rounded anteriorly, perpendicularly sub-
truncated behind, very inequilateral, with dense, regular, rounded, con-
centric liree, towards the extremities, especially behind, generally con-
fluent, the rest sub-lamellar, and terminating in small turned-over foliz ;
radiating strive obsolete in the middle ; pale ferruginous ; umbones rather
swollen, much re-curved ; anterior ventral margin rounded, strongly
ascending, the posterior rather straight, directed upward; anterior
dorsal margin very short, concave ; lunule cordate, impressed, clearly
margined ; area lanceolate, excised, surrounded with an acute margin ;
ligament deeply immersed ; pallial sinus large, lingulate; apex very
broad, rounded.
Length, T2095) Height, 1-23). thickness,)°57 inch.
New Zealand (Baron v. Mueller.)
I doubt the correctness of this locality.
VENERID&. 151
A. grayi, Zttel, Reise der Novara, Pale., p. 45, pl. xv., fi 11.
Orbicular, solid, swollen, with distant, thin, concentric lamine, hardly
elevated on the sides ; umbones swollen, incurved, acute; anterior side
arched ; posterior rounded ; lunule large, oblongo-cordiform, somewhat
impressed, striated, margined ; pallial sinus triangular, ascending, the
angle acute (pointing above the anterior adductor impression.)
Height, 1-4; length, 1-4 ; breadth, ‘9 (Zittel.)
A single valve, of a recent specimen from the Chatham Islands, is
in the Otago Museum.
Sub-Family— Tapesine.
Siphons free at their extremities ; foot lanceolate, byssiferous. Shell
oblong, transverse ; hinge with the cardinal teeth compressed ; lateral
teeth single or none.
Genus, TAPES—Muhlfeldt.
Siphons united as far as the middle, diverging at their ends ;
branchial siphon crowned with arborescent tentacles; anal siphon
ending in simple, cylindrical tentacles; mantle margin simple. Shell
ovato-oblong, inequilateral, margin entire; three cardinal teeth in each
valve, simple or bifid ; pallial sinus deep, oblong, horizontal.
T. intermedia, Quwoy, Zc, ill, p. 526, pl. 84, f 9-10; Reeve,
Conch. Lc., f- 59. Ovate, transverse, sub-truncated posteriorly, concen-
trically striated, decussated by very fine ridiating strie ; lunule lanceo-
late, broad ; hinge three-toothed, two of which are bifid; brownish or
yellowish-white; interior white, or grey, more or less marked with
violet at the posterior end.
Height, 1°75; length, 2‘25.
Common. Auckland Islands.
The young shell is yellowish, more or less marked with fine purplish
brown waved lines. ‘The Natives call this shell, and also Artemzs
subrosea, “ hakari.”
T. fabagella, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1853, p. 10; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f- 66. Ovate, inequilateral, rather compressed, thin, fragile ;
anterior end shorter, obtuse ; posterior broader, obliquely truncated ;
dorsal margin straight, ventral arched ; finely concentrically striated,
much fewer and lamellate at the posterior end ; front and middle finely
radiately striated ; umbones small, quite smooth; pallial sinus deep,
trigonal, base broad; white both inside and outside.
Height, 5; length, -75:. (Desh.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
T. galactites, Zamark, Lc, vi., p. 359; Deshayes, Cat. Veneride,
Brit. Mus. p. 183; Reeve, Conch. Lc., f. 65. Shell rather elongately
oblong, anteriorly obtusely angled, white, smoothly decussated through-
out, both sides rounded (Reeve.)
Height, 2:25; length, 2-2.
New Zealand. (Reeve.) Australia and Tasmania.
152 VENERID.
Genus, VENERUPIS—Lamark.
Siphons long, unequal, united as far as the middle; the respiratory
siphon fringed at the orifice with a double series of cirri; foot small,
conical, linguiform, and byssiferous. Shell irregular in shape, inequila-
teral, gaping behind, three teeth in one valve and two or three in the
other, pallial sinus deep and broad.
V. reflexa, Gray, Dieff. N.Z., i1.. p. 250; Voy. Erebus and Terror,
Moll., pl. 2, f- 3. Shell oblong, very irregular, rounded in front and
truncated behind ; surface with thin sharp-edged, reflexed, concentric
ridges, which are highest and most bent over and back at the hinder
edge, and they generally have two or three lower concentric ridges
between them ; hinge teeth 3.3; inside yellowish, hinder half blackish-
purple, with a yellow edge (Gray.)
Auckland to Dunedin, rare in the south.
V.paupercula, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1853, p. 5; Reeve, Conch. Lc,
fi 28. Shell ovate, compressed, transverse, inequilateral, irregularly
contorted, anterior obtuse, posterior perpendicularly truncated, dirty
reddish-white, transversely irregularly rugose and_ striated; interior
white, behind marked with violet ; pallial sinus broad, deep, apex very
obtuse, horizontal (Desh.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
Probably the same as / drev7s, Quoy and Gaimard, from Tasmania.
Sowerby says that this species is from Mazatlan.
V. siliqua, Desh., P.Z.S., 1853, p. 5, £2. xvi, f 1; Reeve, Conch.
Ic., f- 20. Sheil elongate, transverse, rather swollen, inequilateral,
yellowish-white, anterior obtuse, posterior obtusely angled, truncated,
transversely, unequally sulcato- striated, sulca and striw irregular,
numerous, appressed, some sensibly larger behind, forming short
regular, erect, lamine; umbones small, swollen; lunule scarcely
distinct, prominent in the middle; pallial sinus narrow, elongated ;
apex obtuse (Deshayes. )
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
V. elegans, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1853, p~. 5, pl. xviii, ff 23. Voy.
Erebus and Terror, pl 2, 7. ©. Shell elongated, transverse, narrow,
inequilateral, inflato-cylindrical, front attenuated short, behind broader,
obtusely truncated, posterior side obtusely angled, longitudinally very
finely and elegantly granular-striate, transversely multi-lamellate ;
lamellee unequal, obtuse in front, crenulated, behind finer and broader,
minutely crisped; lunule ovato-elongate, prominent in the middle,
rimate ; area narrow, deep, canaliculated ; interior of valves white,
the margin finely crenulated ; pallial line submarginal, the sinus short,
angled, base broad (Deshayes.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
V. insignis, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1853, p. 6, pl. xviii, f. 4; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f- 2. Shell ovato-transverse, sub-quadrate, very unequal,
more or less inflated and irregular, yellow, margins reddish, longitudi-
PETRICOLID. 153
nally frequently and finely lirate; lire at the posterior side deeply
angled or divaricate, and joining one another ; anterior side very short,
posterior slightly broader, obliquely truncated ; superior and inferior
margins parallel; umbones oblique, swollen, approximate ; interior of
valves reddish-saffron, towards the periphery violet; pallial sinus
narrow, deep, apex acuminate, ascending (Deshayes.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
FAMILY—PETRICOLID.
Shell ovate, thin, swollen, inequilateral, equivalve, gaping at both
ends ; teeth two in each valve, unequal, the larger bifid ; pallial line
remote from the margin in front, broad and deeply sinuated behind.
Genus, PETRICOLA—Lamark.
Ovate, transverse, thin, hinge broad.
P. serrata, Deshayes, Cat. Veneride, Brit. Mus., p. 212; Sowerby,
in Reeve’s Conch. Lc., f- 1. Elongate, very narrow, cylindrical ; dirty
reddish ; extremities obtuse, gaping ; longitudinally ridged, the ridges
larger and denticulated at the anterior end, thin in the middle, and
more numerous and undulating at the posterior end; valves thin ;
interior dirty white ; pallial sinus elongate ; apex obtuse ; base broader
(Deshayes. )
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
SECTION—INTEGROPALLIATA.
Pallial sinus small ornone. Shell regular, rarely gaping ventrally,
with hinge teeth.
Sub-Order— Cyprinacea. ‘
Gills, two on each side, unequal ; foot large.
FAMILY—CARDIID.
Palpi slender, acuminate; mantle freely open in front; siphons
distinct, but very short, and nearly sessile, their bases and sides fur-
nished with tentacular filaments ; gills two on each side, thick, united
together behind the body. Foot very long and geniculate. Shell
cordate, swollen, equivalve ; cardinal teeth irregular ; laterals remote, or
none ; pallial line simple ; ligament external ; generally radiately ribbed,
rarely smooth ; posterior differently sculptured to the front and sides.
Genus, CARDIUM—Linneus.
Ventricose ; umbones prominent ; margins crenulated ; pallial line
more or less sinuated ; umbones sub-central.
C. striatulum, Sowerby ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 60; C. pulchel-
lum, Gray, Dieff. N.Z., ii., p. 252, nec Reeve. Sub-cordate, rather ven-
tricose, thin, rosy-white varied with red; umbones generally white ;
154 CYRENID&.
interior white, varied with red, finely radiately ribbed, those on the
hinder margin spinulose.
Height, -75; length, ‘87.
Auckland to Stewart Island, 15 fathoms; rare in the south.
FAMILY—CYRENID.
Labial palps lanceolate. Mantle open in front, the margins simple ;
siphons short, plain-edged, produced, either partially separated, or
completely united to their extremities ; gills two on each side, large,
unequal, united behind. Foot large, tongue-shaped. Shell more or
less tumid, sub-orbicular, closed, covered with a hard, olive, brittle,
often polished epidermis ; beaks frequently eroded; surface of valves
concentrically striated or furrowed. Hinge composed of three, or some-
times two diverging cardinal teeth ; lateral teeth compressed ; ligament
external. Pallial line simple, or with a slight siphonal inflexion. Fresh
water.
Genus, SPHA;RIUM—Scopoli. |
Siphons separate, diverging into two nearly equal tubes. Shell
equivalve, thin, oblong, cordate, equilateral, more or less inflated,
smooth or concentrically striated ; hinge with two moderately diverging
cardinal teeth in each valve, the front of right valve, and the hinder of
left valve smallest ; lateral teeth elongate, compressed, smooth, of right
valve double, of left simple.
S. novee-zelandiee, Deshayes, Cat. Conchif., Brit. Mus., p. 272,
P.Z.S,, 1854, p. 342 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., 7. 37. Shell ovato-transverse,
equilateral, compressed, shining, pellucid, bluish-grey, abundantly irregu-
larly transversely banded; anterior side obtuse, slightly declining ;
posterior side broader, rounded, inferior margin convex; umbones
small, obtuse, scarcely prominent; ligament small, inconspicuous ;
hinge very narrow, bidentate ; teeth small; laterals small, the anterior
rather larger (Deshayes.)
New Zealand and Australia. (British Museum.)
S. lenticula, Dunker, Mal. Blatz., viii., 1861, p. 153. : Shell,
small, sub-orbicular, nearly equilateral, rather compressed, very thin
pale horn-colour, or sub-straw-colour, pellucid, concentrically and deli-
cately striated ; umbones rather obtuse.
Length, :16 inch. (Dunker.)
Lakes Rotoiti and Taupo. (Hochstetter.) Lake Guyon. (F. W. H.)
This may be the same as S. denticularis, Sowerby, in Reeves’ Con-
chologia Iconica, fig. 6, for which no locality is given.
Genus, PISIDIUM—Pfeiffer.
Siphons united as far.as the extremities. Shell equivalve, thin,
usually tumid,.sub-oval, inequilateral, smooth, or concentrically striated;
hinge with two moderately diverging teeth in each valve, the front of
LUCINID&. 155
right, and the hinder of left valve the smaller ; lateral teeth elongate,
smooth, compressed, of right valve double, of left valve simple ; liga-
ment external.
P. novee-zealandie, Prime, P.Z.S., 1862, p. 3; P. novo-zea-
landicum, Prime, Ann. Lyceum of Nat. Fiist., New York, 1867, p. 91.
Shell minute, transverse, oval, sub-oblique, very inequilateral, rather
compressed, thin ; the anterior side produced, elongated and rounded,
the posterior sub-truncated ; umbones small and obtuse; epidermis
yellowish-horn colour and polished (Prime.)
Length, ‘16; height, ‘12; thickness, ‘o8 inch.
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
Sub-Order—Lucinacea.
Mantle lobes free beneath, united posteriorly, forming a separate
siphonal opening ; gills one on each side; foot cylindrical, elongate,
inferior ; anterior adductor muscle usually elongate.
FAMILY—LUCINID..
Labial palps small and rudimentary. Mantle lobes free beneath,
furnished behind with one or two sessile siphonal apertures ; gills one
on each side, large, oval, thick. Foot cylindrical, elongate, inferior,
usually hollow throughout its entire length, the tube opening into the
spaces of the visceral cavity. Shell orbicular, free, closed ; hinge teeth
one or two, laterals + or obsolete ; pallial line simple ; muscular impres-
sions elongated, rugose ; interior dull, obliquely furrowed.
Genus, -LUCINA—Bruguiere.
Siphonal orifices simple, without a prolonged anal tube ; white ; um-
bones depressed ; lunule distinct ; ligament semi-internal ; anterior mus-
cular impression elongated within the pallial line ; posterior oblong.
L. divaricata, Zamark, Anim. sans vert., Vi., p. 2263; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f- 47a; Chenu, f. 572. Orbicular, sub-globose, with thin
undulating bifarious strie, margin even, no lateral teeth.
Heigth, 1°12 ; length, 1°25.
Auckland to Chalky Sound. Chatham Islands. ‘Tasmania.
FAMILY—UNGULINID&.
Mouth with four foliaceous, membranous palps. Mantle margins
united, with the exception of a large inferior pedal opening, and a small
sessile anal aperture. Gills two pairs on each side, united behind. Foot
vermiform, ending in an erectile gland, channelled throughout its length.
Sub-orbicular, closed ; hinge of two diverging bifid cardinal teeth, with-
out laterals ; ligament marginal.
L. lactea, A. Adams, P.Z.S., 1855, p. 225, (nec Lamark). Shell
thick, orbicular, sub-ventricose, milk-white, concentrically lamellated ;
156 LASEID&.
lamellae distant, regular, the interstices decussated with elevated radiat-
ing strize, and transverse lines; umbones nearly median, rather prominent ;
anterior side rounded, sub-truncate, and sub-angulated ; posterior side
rounded ; anterior cardinal tooth broad and prominent ; interior thicken-
ed white, ventral margin crenulated (Adams).
Australia and New Zealand. (Strange).
Genus, DIPLODONTA—Bronn.
Mantle-margins nearly plain ; pedal and anal apertures wide apart.
Shell equivalve ; two unequal cardinal teeth in each valve ; the anterior
of the left and the posterior of the right bifid ; ligament external.
D. zealandica, Gray, Dief:., N.Z., i., p. 256; Smith, Voy. Erebus
and Lerrors pl. sapere 3) LE. tncullta, “Gould, OS... Lx. Lop) xi pe An yas
Atlas, f. 524. Shell sub-orbicular, rather compressed, rather solid, opaque
white, smooth, very slightly concentrically striated, and covered with a
thin smooth periostraca (Gray). Rather compressed, smooth, very
slightly concentrically striated, rather solid ; opaque white.
Height, °75 ; length, °75.
Auckland.
D. globularis, Zamark, Zc, vi, p. 2313 Reeve, Conch. Ic. (Lu-
cina,) f. 53. Orbicular, inflated, umbones rather prominent ; very finely
concentrically striated, thin, pellucid ; horny white.
HHeight,1 ; length, 1°12.
Auckland to Stewart Island, 14 fathoms. Australia.
D. striata, Mutton, Jour. de Conch., 1878, p. 51 ; L. nove-zealandia,
Reeve, Conch. Lc. (Lucina,) pl. ix., f. 14 (not of Gray.) Shell somewhat
globose, inequilateral, swollen posteriorly, concentrically rudely, irregu-
lary striated ; no lunule ; hinge with two central teeth in each valve, one
of which is erect and bifid ; whitish, covered with a light brown epider-
mis (Reeve).
Height, -4; length, °4.
New Zealand. (Cuming). Kapiti, Cook Strait.
FAMILY—LASEID.
Mantle with only one siphonal opening, the anal, which is sometimes
sessile, sometimes produced into a tube ; the mantle folded anteriorly
into a canal or tube. Foot ligulate, grooved, with a byssiferous organ,
and capable of being used as a creeping disk. Shell thin, often trans-
parent, and sometimes gaping. Hinge. straight, with one or two
cardinal teeth ; lateral teeth compressed or none.
Genus, KELLIA—Turton.
A very short posterior. anal siphon ; anterior tube undivided, entire '
below. Shell sub-orbicular, sub-equilateral, closed, smooth or concen-
trically striated ; one valve with two cardinal teeth near together and a
SOLEMYID#, 157
distant lateral tooth ; the other with a single concave cardinal and a
distant lateral tooth ; ligament internal or sub-marginal.
K. cycladiformis, Deshaves, Trait tim., pl. 11, ff. 6-9, P.Z.S.,
1855, f. 181 (Lryeina.) Shell ovato-sub-rotund, swollen, inequilateral,
smooth, shining, clothed with a thin glaucous grey epidermis, iridescent,
transversely finely and irregularly striated ; anterior side shortly obtuse ;
valves thin, translucent ; hinge very narrow, cardinal teeth two in the
left valve, minute, disjoined at the base, unequal ; lateral teeth remote ;
anterior muscular impression very small, circular, the posterior oval,
continuous with the pallial impression (Desh.)
North Australia. (Jukes.) New Zealand. (Quoy.)
Genus, PYTHINA—Hinds.
Equivalve, equilateral ; umbones small; left valve with two small
unequal teeth and two strong lateral teeth ; right valve with a small
central tooth, and two bifid lateral teeth ; two ligaments.
P. stowei, Hutton, CMM, p. 76. ‘Transversely oval, thin,
white, pellucid, with rather strong ribs divaricating from the centre and
crossed towards the margin by a few distant concentric grooves ; inter-
stices slightly rugose ; margin crenulated at each end.
iemht,.-3)5 length;. <5.
Islet Reef, Cook Strait, two left valves only. Auckland. (Cheese-
man.)
FAMILY—SOLEMYID:.
Palpi very small and slender. Mantle closed, except at a large
opening with cirrated edges, anteriorly, for the passage of the foot, and
at a small opening at the posterior extremity, also cirrated. Gills form-
ing a very thick lobe on each side, situated far posteriorly, and having
a longitudinal sulcus in the middle of each. Foot large, truncated and
excavated at its extremity, which has fimbriated edges. Shell elongated,
equivalve, very inequilateral, gaping, invested in a thick epidermis.
Genus, SOLEMY A—Lamark.
Shell cylindrical, ligament concealed, pallial line obscure ; umbones
posterior ; one compressed very oblique cardinal tooth in each valve ;
epidermis dark and horny, extending beyond the margin.
S. parkinsoni, Smth, Voy. Erebus and Terror, Moll., p. 6, pl. 3,
f-1; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 4. Dark brown, rayed with paler, interior
greyish.
Height, -7 ; length, 19.
Stewart Island to Auckland,
Dental callosity moderately broad, and prdouced acutely awards
the shorter or posterior side of the valve (not truncated as in S. aus-
tralis ;) the extension of it within the valve is thin, nearly separated
from it at the base by a depression ; the transverse expansion of the
158 ASTARTIDA,
ligament is elongate and narrow ; the posterior muscular scar is nar-
rower than in the Australian species (Smith.)
FAMILY—ASTARTID.
Labial palps plicate, short, triangular. Lobes of mantle disunited in
their entire length, the branchial margin bearded; gills two pairs, rounded
in front, tapering and free behind the body. Foot conical, compressed,
rather angulated behind. Shell thick, triangular or cordiform, oblong,
generally covered with a brown epidermis; often ornamented with
concentric striz ; hinge thick, large, and solid.
Genus, CRASSATELLA—Lamark.
Mantle entirely open, with the inhalent margins cirrated; palpi
triangular ; foot compressed, triangular and grooved. Shell solid, closed,
equivalve, attenuated behind, lunule distinct; hinge composed of two
sub-diverging, striated primary teeth placed in front of a cartilage pit ;
lateral teeth usually one in each valve; ligament internal, inserted in a
pit in each valve.
C. obesa, Adams, P.Z.S., 1852, p. 90. Shell equivalve, inequi-
lateral, thick, gibbous, covered with brownish-red, silky epidermis,
transversely strongly plicated, folds prominent, vanishing towards the
ventral margin ; lunule impressed, lanceolate ; posterior side sub-pro-
duced, angled, margin truncated ; anterior side gibbous, margin rounded
(Adams).
New Zealand, deep water. (Mr. Strange).
GC. bellula, Adams, P.Z.S., 1852, ~. 95; Gouldia isabella, Hutton,
C.M.M., p. 76. Shell ovato-trigonal, sub-equilateral, yellowish-pink,
immaculate, transversely concentrically plicated, folds obtuse, rather
crowded, regular, in front undulating and getting smaller (under the lens
rugulose); posterior side rounded, anterior scarcely truncated ; umbones
acute, small, approximated (Adams).
Cook Strait.
Genus, CARDITA—Lamark.
Foot sickle-shaped, not byssiferous. Shell equivalve, inequilateral,
sub-orbicular, generally with radiating ribs; cardinal teeth oblique,
directed to the same side.
G. australis, Zamark, Anim. sans vert. vi., p. 383; Quoy and
Gaimard, l.c., W., p. 480, p7. 78, f. 11-14; G: tridentata, Reeve, Conch. Le.,
f 22. Sub-orbicular, inequilateral, swollen, with about twenty-two
nodulose radiating ribs, the nodules on the hinder side sub-spinose ;
lunule cordate, umbones oblique, recurved; margin plicated; pale
brownish-white ; interior white, more or less marked with rosy or purple.
Height, 1°5 ; length, 1°75.
Common. Chatham Islands. Stewart Island.
ASTARTID. 159
_ The young shell is slightly marked with reddish-brown, and all the
ribs are sometimes sub-spinose. The Natives call this shell “ purimu.”
C. zealandica, Poti: and Michaud, Gall. des Moll., 1838, p. 166.
Shell sub-orbicular, inequilateral, swollen, greyish-white, internally spotted
with blackish-purple, polished ; cancellated with numerous longitudinal
strize and transverse sub-lamelle ; umbones oblique, recurved, hinge
two-toothed ; margin finely plicated (P. & M.).
C. lutea, “Hutton; C. zealandica, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1852, p. 101,
not of P. & M. Shell small, orbiculato-subtrigonal, depressed, longitu-
dinally 14-ribbed, sub-equilateral, pale brownish ; ribs regular, for a time
sub-squamose, equal to the interstices ; umbones small, acute, sub-op-
posite ; lunule not very deep, brown, lanceolate (Deshayes).
Auckland.
GC. bimaculata, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1852, p. 102, pl. xvii., fi 4-5.
Shell ovato-subtrigonal, inequilateral, depressed, both sides obtuse,
under the rough brown epidermis greyish-white, radiately ribbed ; ribs
17-19, narrow, equal, not larger than the interstices, with regular erect
sharp scales, narrower behind ; apices acute; lunule deep, ovato lanceo-
late; interior of the valves white with a brown spot on either side
(Deshayes).
New Zealand. (Cuming).
CG. amabilis, Deshaves, P.Z.S., 1852, p. 102, pl. xvii., f 8-9. Shell
sub-orbicular, laterally compressed, sub-equilateral, radiately finely rib-
bed, yellowish-white, irregularly spotted with pale brown ; umbones small
opposite ; lunule flat, scarcely excavated, smooth, ovate; ribs 28, regularly
crenato-noduled ; hinge thicked, in the right valve unidentate, in the
left bidentate, teeth of right valve triangular large ; interior of valves
white (Deshayes).
New Zealand. (Cuming.) Tasmania. (Tenison-Woods.)
C. difficilis, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1852, p. 103, pl. xvil. f- 16,17. Shell
ovato-transverse, inequilateral, swollen, solid, convex at the margins,
white, epidermis rough brownish, unspotted ; radiately nbbed ; umbones
oblique, opposite ; lunule very small, deep, smooth, flat; ribs sub-angled,
crenato-scaly, sharp, especially at the umbones and the posterior side ;
interstices sub-equal to the ribs; interior of valves very white ; hinge
narrow (Deshayes).
New Zealand. (Cuming).
C. purpurata, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1852, p. 100, pl. xvil., f- 12, 13.
Shell ovato-transverse, sub-trigonal, inequilateral, anterior shorter,
obtuse, depressed, radiately sulcated, yellowish-white, reddish behind ;
umbones oblique, prominent; lunule small, deep, flat, smooth ; trans-
verse ribs shortly scaled, 26, narrower behind, roughish, one more pro-
minent than the others ; interior of valves pale purple, at the margin
vividly radiated with purple (Deshayes).
New Zealand. (Cuming).
160 UNIONID&.
Genus, MYTILICARDIA—Blainville.
Foot rounded, grooved, byssiferous. Shell elongated, very inequi-
lateral, with projecting squamose ribs ; anterior cardinal tooth triangular
and diverging, posterior cardinal double in the left valve, no anterior
laterals.
M. excavata, Deshayes, P.Z.S., 1852, p. 100; pl. xvil., f- I, 2, 3.
Shell elongato-transverse, very inequilateral, anterior very short, sub-
truncated, posterior dilated, sinuated and gaping below, longitudinally
and radiately ribbed, white, posterior nbs yellowish-pink or dirty brown;
umbones small, compressed, approximated, very oblique, lunule narrow,
very deep ; ribs unequal, the first on the anterior side narrower, the rest
perceptibly broader, and thicker, armed with long scales (Deshayes).
New Zealand from Auckland to Dunedin and the Chatham Islands.
Australia and Tasmania.
Setb- Order— Unionacea.
Mantle margins free, teeth absent or present. Shell covered with a
thick epidermis ; embryos with at first only one adductor; fresh water.
FAMILY—UNIONID.
Labial palps wider than long, usually united as far as the middle of
their hind margins. Mantle lobes entirely disunited, not produced into
siphonal tubes, the branchial region fringed with cirri, the anal plain.
Foot large, thick, tongue shaped, somewhat produced anteriorly, not
provided with a byssal groove. Shell equivalve, covered externally with
an epidermis ; pearly in the inside ; hinge variable.
Genus, UNIO—Retzius.
Outer gill united to the mantle as far as its extremity, inner gill not
united to the foot; foot moderate. Shell equivalve, inequilateral,
variable in shape, covered with an olivaceous epidermis ; beaks usually
eroded ; hinge with primary teeth, and with elongated laterals ; liga-
ment external, more or less elongated ; pallial impression simple ;
muscular scars conspicuous.
U. menziesii, Gray, Dief. N.Z, ii., 257; Reeve, Conch. Ic, f
152. Shell oblong, high, compressed, thin, obliquely truncated behind;
covered with a thin olive periostraca, and much excoriated near the
umbo ; the hinder lateral teeth elongated, only elevated on their hinder
extremity, where they are crowded ; the inner anterior tooth of the
right valve large, thick, ovate, rugose; the rest small, compressed ; the
disc of the shell brown, varied (Gray.)
Rather smooth, compressed, and thin. Distinguished from other
New Zealand species by its being more winged posteriorly. I have not
found the inner anterior tooth of the right valve so thick and rugose as
Dr. Gray’s description would lead one to except.
UNIONIDA. 161
Length, 2°5 ; height, 1-45 inch (from Reeve’s figure.)
Rivers in the North Island and Lake Taupo. (Dieffenbach.)
Ashburton River and Hutt River. (F. W. H.)
U. aucklandica, Gray, Dieff N.Z, ii., p. 257; Reeve, Conch.
Le., f- 156. Shell oblong and rather thick, rounded in front, and rather
obliquely truncated behind, covered with a thick olive periostraca ;
umbo black, decorticated, cardinal teeth low, blunt, oblique, hinder
lateral teeth laminar, far off ; the inner surface pearly, purplish near the
umbo, greenish on the hinder edge (Gray.) Shell oblong-ovate, thin,
compressed, concentrically densely thread striated ; umboes radiately
wrinkle-ridged ; sides rounded ; anterior very short ; posterior obscurely
convexely angled (Reeve.)
Length, 2:2 ; height, 1°15 inch (from Reeve’s figure.)
Bay of Islands and Auckland (Dr. Sinclair.) Lake Takapuna,
Auckland. (F. W. H.)
U. zelebori, Dunker, Retse der Novara, Moll., p. 2, f. 28. Shell
oval-oblong, rather thin, sub-ventricose, rather compressed towards the
base ; anterior end shortly rounded ; posterior linguiform, finely con-
centrically striated: epidermis thin, pale olive, sub-horny ; umboes
swollen, turned forward, inclined and rugosely angled; upper margin
arched, sub-excavate in front ; lower margin straight, sub-sinuated in the
middle ; cardinal teeth compressed, acute, crenated, laterals sub-
straight, the superior in each valve smaller as usual ; anterior muscular
impressions deep, unequal, the smaller sub-reniform ; interior iridescent
below the umbones, faint and yellowish (Dunker.)
Length, 2; height, 1 ; thick, ‘64 inch.
Hardly distinguishable from the last in shape, but the dorsal margin
does not ascend from the umbo, but runs parallel to the ventral
margin.
River Wairarapa. (F. W. H.)
U. hochstetteri, Dunker, Mal. Blatt. viii., 1861, . 153; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f-.463. Shell thickish, depressed, very inequilateral, narrow
and very short in front, broadly biangular, and somewhat winged
behind, of a uniform blackish olive, very indistinctly sub-verrucose in
the middle, elsewhere unsculptured ; ligamental edge curved and rising;
hinder area concave, no lunule; nacre bluish white, variegated with
olive; primary teeth somewhat transverse ; lateral teeth elongated,
much raised, and obliquely truncated at their extremities (Reeve.)
Length, 21; height, 1°5 inch (from Reeve’s figure. )
Distinguished by its great height, and the posterior end being
truncated almost perpendicularly.
Lake Taupo and River Waikato. (Hochstetter.)
I have never seen this species.
U. lutulentus, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep., xii. p. 428, f. 542; Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f. 122 and f. 386. Shell somewhat squarely oblong, very
compressed, anterior side moderately rounded, posterior slopingly ex-
162 ARCIDA.
panded, then truncated, concentrically rudely plicately striated ; black
(Reeve, species 122.)
Length, 3°3; Height, 1°6 inch (from Reeve’s figure.)
Shell thin, much compressed, of a yellowish-olive green, not rayed,
nearly smooth, with a few distant obscure, short, divergent corrugations
on the broad umbonal slope; hinder dorsal edge somewhat curved and
elevated ; ventral margin scarcely retuse ; beaks not prominent ; nacre
dirty white ; cardinal teeth laminar (Reeve’s species 386.)
Length, 2°15; height, 1-2 inch (from Reeve’s figure.)
River Clutha. (F. W. H.) Auckland. (Dr. Sinclair.)
Both these shells can hardly belong to the same species, but I am
not able to refer to the original description. What I take to be U.
Jutulentus, is distinguished by its tolerably uniform longitudinal grooy-
ing, and somewhat resembles Reeve’s figure, No. 122. I cannot say
which of Reeve’s references is correct.
Sub-Order—A reacea.
Mantle edges free all round ; foot large; hinge teeth many, sym-
metrical.
FAMILY—ARCID.
Animal oblong. Mantle freely open, simple or fringed. Mouth
surrounded by labia formed out of the extremities of the branchiv ; no
true palps. Foot oblong, bent, grooved throughout its length -so as to
form a disc with plain or slightly crimped margins. Shell not pearly
within, closed, or gaping inferiorly. Hinge of numerous teeth disposed
in a straight or curved line ; equivalve.
Sub-Family—A reine.
Gills sub-pinnate, separate from each other behind ; a byssal groove
at the base of the foot. Shell with the hinge margin straight ;_ cartilage
in small marginal pits.
Genus, BARBATIA—Gray.
Oblong or sub-quadrangular, covered with a rough but perishable
epidermis ; hinge of numerous teeth, of which the central ones are
the smallest; the lateral ones increasing in size and getting more
oblique.
B. decussata, Sow, P.Z.S., 1833, A. 18; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 81.
Oval-elongate, margin sinuated, smooth or sometimes crenulated in the
young, covered with a brown hairy epidermis ; surface with fine radia-
ting ribs, decussated by longitudinal striz ; brown or yellowish ; interior
white, varied with brownish purple.
Pleight. 1-255 senstiy2.6.
Auckland to Stewart Island. Australia. Pacific Ocean.
B. pusilla, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 18; (2 A. donacifor-
mis, Reeve, Conch. Lc, f. 104.) Ovato sub-rhomboidal, white, concen-
NUCULID&. 163
trically ridged and decussated at both ends by radiating striz, these
striz being absent from a small portion of the anterior central area ;
anterior end short, rounded ; posterior longer; dorsal margin angled
behind ; hinge slightly curved.
Ieicht.-a5y; length, -7.
Dead shells only have been found in New Zealand.
Australia. Peru.
Sub-Family—Pectunculine.
Gills dependent ; foot securiform, simple, without any byssal groove
at the base. Shell orbicular, with the hinge-margin semi-circular ; car-
tilage in small marginal pits.
Genus, PECTUNCULUS—Lamark.
Orbicular, nearly equilateral, smooth or radiately striated ; umbones
central, divided by a striated ligamental area; hinge semicircular ;
adductors sub-equal ; pallial line simple ; margins crenated inside.
P. laticostatus, Quoy, /.c., i1., p. 466, e¢ P. ovatus, Quoy, Le. iii.,
p. 467; P. laticostatus, Reeve, Conch. Lc., 7. 8. Orbicular, convex, thick,
equilateral, with broad rounded radiating ribs, which become obsolete
towards the margin in old individuals; finely concentrically striated ;
six or eight teeth on each side, with a broad smooth area between them ;
reddish-brown. interior white or brownish ; old shells are more or less
truncated behind, and the young are often varied with white.
Height, 3; length, 3.
Auckland to Stewart Island. Chatham Islands.
Found fossil in Australia, but not recent. The concentric strize
soon wear off, and the shell often becomes quite smooth.
P. flammeus, feeve, Conch. lc, f-7; P. grayanus, Dunker, P.
Z.S., 1856, ~. 357. Shell rather triangular, white, vividly painted with
reddish-brown, flaming triangular lines; teeth comparatively minute ;
area of the ligament small (Reeve).
Auckland. N.S. Wales. (Angas). .
P. striatularis, Zamark, vi., p. 493; Heeve, Conch. Ic, f. 27,
Chenu, f. 881. Orbicular, convex, thick, sub-equilateral, umbones curved
slightly forwards ; finely radiately striate, and still more finely concen-
trically striate ; teeth, seven to twelve on each side, not divided by a
smooth space ; yellowish brown, more or less irregularly marked with
reddish ; interior varied with brown.
Height, 1; length, 1.
Omaha. Stewart Island.
FAMILY—NUCULID-%.
Lips broad, triangular, large, striated internally, one in each pair of
labial palps, long, curled, linear, and fimbriated at its margins, the other
short and filiform. Mantle freely open, the edges simple, without
164 NUCULID&.
siphonal tubes ; gills small, pinnate, united behind. Foot compressed,
deeply grooved, forming when expanded an ovate disc with serrated
edges. Shell covered with an epidermis, pearly within. Hinge with a
great number of comb-like teeth, interrupted in the middle by the liga-
mental impression.
Genus, NUCULA—Lamark.
Trigonal, with the umbones turned to the short posterior side;
epidermis olive, margins crenulated ; hinge with an internal prominent
cartilage pit, and a series of sharp teeth on each side.
N. nitidula, 4. Adams, P.Z.S., 1856, p. 51; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f.
27. Shell very oblique, gibbose, anterior end obliquely sub-truncated,
posterior rounded, produced; shining, obscurely sulcated ; umbones
sub-acute ; pale brown, margins of the valves finely crenulated (Adams).
Under a lens it is seen to be radiately striated.
Auckland to Stewart Island.
N. strangei, 4. Adams, P.Z.S., 1856, p. 52; Reeve, Conch. Ic,
f. 15, Voy. Erebus and Terror, Moll, pl. 2, f. 14. Shell obliquely
ovate, inzequilateral, sub-compressed ; covered with a shining golden
green epidermis ; anterior end shorter, excavated at the lunule ; pos-
terior longer, rounded ; arez lanceolate, elevated, Sauer oscurely
concentrically sulcated (Adams. )
Wellington. N.S. Wales. (Angas.)
N. suleata, 4. Adams, P.Z.S., 1856, p. 53 (nec Philippi ;) Reeve,
Conch. Ic., f. to. Shell very convex, obliquely ovate ; umbones promi-
nent ; anterior end shortly rounded ; pale olive strongly concentrically
sulcated, radiately striated; striz stronger near the margins; margins
crenulated (Adams.)
Auckland to Wellington.
N. castanea, 4. Adams, P.Z.S., 1856, p. 533 Reeve, Conch. Ic,
f. tg. Shéll oval, very oblique, sub-compressed, chestnut, anterior end
shortly truncated, middle of the lunule prominent; posterior end
sloping, rounded; hardly smooth, obsoletely concentrically striated,
obscurely radiately striated; margin of valves closely crenulated
(Adams. )
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
N. striolata, 4. Adams, P.Z.S., 1856; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 9.
Shell oblique, sub-ovate, thick, ventricose, sculptured concentrically
with flexuous, undulated sulci; posterior side sub-trigonal; dorsal
margin sloped ; anterior side rather short ; lunule small ; umboes promi-
nent, oblique, full (Sow.)
Sowerby says that the specimens in the British Museum, obtained
from Mr. Cuming, came from New Zealand ; but Adams, when describ- .
ing the same specimens, said that they came from the China Seas.
Adams is probably right.
LEDID. 165
N. grayi, D’Orbigny, Am. Merid, p. 53; Sowerby, in Reeve's
Conch. Lc., f- 13. Shell ovate, very transverse, slightly accuminated. at
both ends, thin, rather inflated, very smooth, olive ; posterior side pro-
duced; dorsal area compressed, elevated, sub-aliform, end acuminated ;
anterior side a little produced, cuneated ; lunule short, defined (Sow.)
New Zealand. (Cuming.) South America. (D’Orb.)
FAMILY—LEDIDZ.
Labial palps appendiculate, convoluted, very long. Mantle freely
open, the margins fringed and usually furnished with ventral lobes ;
siphonal tubes united, long, slender, and completely retractile. Gills
narrow, plume-like, attached throughout their length. Foot compres-
sed, slightly geniculate, deeply grooved, forming an oval disc with
crenate edges. Shell oblong, thin, pearly within. Hinge as in Mucu-
“ide ; ligament internal or external.
Genus, LEDA—Schumacher.
Shell oblong, roundedrin front, produced and pointed behind ; hinge
like Mucula; margin even; pallial line with a small sinus; interior
pearly.
L. concinna, 4. Adams, P.Z.S., 1856, p. 48; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,
f. 15. Shell very thin, compressed, sides gaping, pale brown, concen-
trically lirate ; lire narrow, regular, rather distant; anterior side short
and rounded ; posterior jonger and beaked ; beak produced, thin, sub-
recurved, truncate ; area lanceolate, narrow, bordered on each side by a
crenate rib (Adams.)
Cook Strait to Stewart Island.
L. fastidiosa, A. Adams, P.Z.S., 1856, ~. 49; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,
J 31 (2.) Shell transversely ovate, yellowish-brown, concentrically
lirate with brown; shining, concentrically finely and regularly sulcated ;
anterior side sub-produced and rounded; posterior angulated and
beaked ; beak acuminate ; ventral margin behind, sub-sinuous, and sub-
produced in the middle (Adams). A shining, pale fuscous, ventricose
species, very gibbous in the middle, and beautifully grooved transver-
sely, the beak slender, pointed, and recurved (Adams.)
Reeve says that this species is smooth and _ straw-coloured ; his
figure does not agree with Adams’ description.
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
L. micans, 4. Adams, in Thesaurus Conchyliorum; Sow. in
Reeve’s Conch. Ic., f- 39. Shell acuminately ovate; pale fulvous,
sculptured with fine oblique sulci, interrupted posteriorly in two rays ;
anterior side rather long ; posterior side rather short, acuminate, radia-
tely angulated, dorsal area depressed, narrow (Sowerby.)
New Zealand. (British Museum.)
166 MYTILIDA.
Genus, SOLENELLA—Sowerby.
Shell oval, gaping and truncated benind; valves concentrically
striated and covered with a brownish-green epidermis; hinge line
straight, with small comb-like teeth.
South America. New Zealand and Kerguelen’s Land only.
S. australis, Quoy and Gaimard, Lc., iti., p. 471, pl. 78, f. 5-10 ;
Reeve, Conch. 1c:,°f. 4; Voy. Erebus *and* Lerror, Moll., pl. 2, f. 13%
Netlo cumingit, A. Adams, P.Z.S., 1852, p. 93; Chenu, f. 914. Trans-
versely oblong, rounded in front ; produced and waved behind ; pos-
terior dorsal margin slightly concave ; posterior end truncated, emargi-
nated ; ventral margin straight; valves with rather distant (about forty to
an inch) concentric, rather elevated striz ; pale. olive-green, interior
greyish-white.
Height, °5; length, 11.
Wellington Harbour. Stewart Island.
The specimen from Stewart Island has the posterior margin less
sinuated.
ORDER—HETEROMYA.
Muscular scars double, unequal, sometimes becoming monomyary
in the adult. Shells generally equivalve, ligament external, no lateral
teeth.
FAMILY—MYTILID/.
Labial palps elongate, pointed, free. Mantle margins free, or united
behind to form a more or less complete anal tube. Gills two on each
side, nearly equal, elongated, dependent, united behind to each other
and to the mantle. Foot narrow, strap-shaped, furnished with a byssal
groove. Shell equivalve, oval or elongated, closed ; umbones anterior ;
epidermis thick and dark, often filamentose ; ligament internal, sub-
marginal, very long; hinge edentulous; pallial line simple; anterior
muscular impression small and narrow ; posterior large, obscure.
Sub-Family—Mytiline.
Hinder part of mantle only slightly produced ; anterior adductor
muscle small.
Genus, MYTILUS—Linneus.
Mantle freely open; ventral margin simple; branchial furnished
with pinnated fringes; anal opening plain and sessile. Shell wedge-
shaped, rounded behind; umbones terminal, pointed; hinge teeth
minute or obsolete ; pedal impressions two in each valve, small, simple,
close to the adductors.
M. magellanicus, Lamark, 1.¢., vii., p. 37; Reeve, Conch. Lc., f.
22; Chenu, f. 746. Oblong, sub-trigonal, angled, uncinate, with thick
MYTILIDA, 167
longitudinal undulating granulose ribs; bluish or reddish-purple ; in-
terior violet ; a single small tooth in the right valve.
Eleicht-er-o5); length, 3.
Common from Cook Strait southward. Chatham Islands. South
America. Auckland Islands. Campbell Island. Kerguelen’s Land.
M. polyodontes, Quoy, 2.¢., Ui., p. 462, pl. 78, f. 15-16. Similar
to the last, but with eight or ten nearly equal teeth at the extremity of
the hinge. Founded, I think, upon an erroneous observation.
M. latus, Chemnitz (not of Lamark ;) Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 12 and
J. 243; M. smaragdinus, CMM. ; M. canaliculatus, Martyn? Oblong,
beak obtuse, swollen, smooth, margin even ; covered with an olivaceous
brown epidermis, under which it is green varied with chestnut-brown ;
margin green ; inside purplish-white, iridescent; hinge with one or two
small teeth.
Height, 3 ; length, 8°75.
A very variable shell ; sometimes small specimens are bright-green,
and sometimes pale yellow.
Common throughout New Zealand. ‘Tasmania.
The young can hardly be distinguished from JZ smaragdinus of
China.
M. edulis, Z. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f 33; M. dunkert, Reeve, lc, f
17? Oblong, oval, dilated and compressed behind ; umbones slightly
uncinate ; covered with a dark olive-brown epidermis, below which it is
blue ; inside bluish-white, muscular impressions and a band round the
margin blackish-blue ; three or four small teeth in the left valve and
one in the right. :
Height, 1°6; length, .3.
Common in the South, not so common in the North. Great
Barrier Island. Auckland Islands. Campbell Island.
This. may be the JZ. canaliculus, of Hanley, which is also found in
Kerguelen’s Land ; and perhaps JZ. wzgwlatus, Chemnitz.
M. ater, Frauenfeld, Reise der Novara, Moll., pl. 2, ff 29-30.
Small, oblong, inflated, black, obsoletely concentrically striated, covered
with a shining coriaceous epidermis ; narrow and obtuse in front,
rounded behind; umbones tumid; dorsal margin declining in front,
straight behind, near the base sub-parallel ; ventral margin sub-sinuated,
pearly, sub-fuscous or livid, slightly iridescent (Frauenteld.)
Height; “5's lenpth, 2:
Common. Auckland to Dunedin.
Sub-Family— Crenelline.
Hinder part of the mantle produced, forming false siphons.
Genus, CRENELLA—Brown.
Mantle closed anteriorly ; anal tube perfect and produced. Shell
short and tumid; centre smooth and both ends ornamented with radia-
x
168 MYTILID®.
ting strie ; hinge margin crenulated behind the ligament ; interior bril-
hantly nacreous.
C. impacta, Hermann; Reeve, Conch. Le (Modtola,) f. 64; C.
discors, Lamark, viu., p. 23; Chenu, f. 753. Oval, sub-diaphanous, the
extremities radiately ribbed, and the middle finely longitudinally
striated ; brown, with sometimes a mixture of green near the edge ;
inside highly iridescent.
Height, °85; length, 1-3.
Common. Auckland to Dunedin. Chatham Islands. Europe.
North America.
Genus, MODIOLA—Lamark.
Margin of mantle simple, open ; anal tube short, more or less per-
fect. Shell oblong, inflated in front ; umbones anterior, obtuse ; hinge
toothless ; pedal impressions three in each valve, the central elongated ;
epidermis often produced into long beard-like fringes.
M. australis, Gray; Sowerby in Conch. Ic., f. 21. Shell ovately
fan-shaped ; posterior side very short; anterior broadly dilated, convex
in the middle, concentrically striated; yellowish chestnut, sparingly
bearded towards the margin (Sowerby.)
Stewart Island. Austrailia.
M. areolata, Gould, U.S., Ex. Ep.,xii., p. 452, f 562. Smooth,
swollen ; covered with chestnut-brown hairy epidermis, under which it is
pinkish ; inside yellowish-white, getting purplish behind.
Meioht 115; length, 2.
Common. Chatham Islands. Auckland Islands.
The Natives call this shell ‘‘ purewha.”
Probably identical with the last.
M. fluviatilis, “ucton, Jour. de Conch., 1866, ~. 53. Smooth,
finely concentrically striated ; epidermis smooth, brownish-black, under
which it is purple ; inside bluish-white, purplish round the margin.
Height, “5 lengthy or.
Great Lagoon, Chatham Islands. Dunedin. In brackish water.
Sub-Family—Lithodomine.
Hinder part of mantle more or less produced ; anterior adductor
muscle moderate.
Genus, LITHODOMUS—Cuvier.
Shell oblong, cylindrical, extremities rounded, covered with a thick
epidermis ; hinge linear without teeth; lgament marginal, internal ;
interior nacreous ; boring in stones.
L. truncatus, Gray, Dief. N.Z,, ii, p. 259. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f
3; Voy. Erebus and Terror, Moll., pl. 2, f. 12. Shell oblong, sub-cylin-
AVICULID&. 169
drical, thin, short, and roundly truncated in front, contracted in the
middle, and rather produced and tapering behind, covered with a dark
brown periostraca; umbones rather prominent, inflexed; inner side
purplish, rather pearly (Gray).
Auckland ; rare in the south.
L. gruneri, Reeve, Conch. Ic. f. 12. Shell acutely elongated,
peculiarly angularly gibbous about the umbones, attenuated anteriorly ;
dark chestnut, obliquely flexuosely furrowed throughout (Reeve).
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
Carpenter says that this species is from Western America.
FAMILY—AVICULIDZ.
Mantle freely open, margins cirrated; no siphons. Palps large.
Foot small, cylindric, furnished with a byssal grove. Adductor muscles
very unequal, the posterior much the larger. Shell sub-inequivalve,
oblique, resting on the smaller or right valve, and attached by a byssus ;
interior nacreous ; often eared, hinge line straight, cartilage in one or
several grooves.
Genus, PINNA—Linneus.
Mouth with foliaceous lips; anus with a long ligulate valve. Shell
equivalve, wedge-shaped ; umbones quite anterior ; posterior end trun-
cated and gaping ; ligament groove linear, elongated.
P. zealandie, Gray, Dieff: N.Z., ii., p. 259; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f.
13; Voy. Erebus and Terror Moll., pl. 3, f- 7; P. senticosa, Gould, U.S.
Ex. Ep., p. 448. Triangular, elongate ; brown ; inside purplish ; valves
convex, with rather close obsolete longitudinal ribs, armed with close
short semi-cylindrical hollow spines.
Height, 4; length, 9°5.
Auckland to Dunedin. Found also in Australia.
Genus, AVICULA—Klein.
Shell oblique inequivalve, fragile, rather smooth ; right valve most
convex ; a sinus in the left for the passage of the byssus; hinge line
straight, the extremities produced, the anterior coudiform or beaked ; a
single cardinal tooth in each valve under the beak.
I have not seen either of the two following species, and doubt the
correctness of the locality.
A. glabra, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep., p. 442, f- 552. Shell thin, semi-
elliptical, slightly oblique, surface generally smooth and shining; color
pale greenish, with opake white radations ; dorsal edge long and straight,
slightly produced into a queue, from which the posterior edge, after a
slight inflexion, descends directly at right angles ; back broadly rounded ;
anterior edge a little oblique ; ear triangular, closely and loosely striated ;
170 PECTINIDA.
re-entering angle obtuse; nacre silvery white, margin pale greenish or
ochreous; no perceptible cardinal tubercle, and with a short lateral
ridge simulating a tooth (Gould).
Length and height, 2# inches.
A. fucata, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep. p. 441, f 551. Shell obliquely
ovate, surface with short loose laminze ; color radiated yellowish and
rose- red, shining ; dorsal edge produced into a short acute wing, exter-
nally forming a right angle, then sweeping backwards ; anterior forming
an acute angle and sweeping forwards forms the obliquely ovate outline;
auricle long, triangular, finely and loosely laminated ; re-entering angle
aright angle, edge sharp and simple; nacre silvery white, becoming
violaceous at the edge; cardinal tooth of left valve very strongly
developed, inflexed ; lateral tooth short, delicate, bifurcate in right valve.
Length, 24 inches; height, 2} inches. (Gould.)
In his ‘‘ Expedition Shells” Gould says that this species comes from
Fiji, but in the U.S. Ex. Ep. he says it comes from New Zealand.
ORDER—MONOMYA.
One adductor only ; ligament nearly internal; mantle uniforal ; hinge
nearly or quite toothless, with one circumpallial nerve ; no pallial sinus,
nor siphon. Shell generally inequivalve.
FAMILY—PECTINID~.
Mouth surrounded by foliaceous leaflets; labial palps truncated,
smooth externally, pectinated within. Mantle freely open, the margins
double, the inner pene en bearing fringes of tentacular filaments, and at
its base a row of ocelli; branchial leaflets equal, each pair partially
doubled on itself. ase small, cylindrical, with a byssal grove. Sexes
united. Shell free or adhering, eared, ligament internal. Adductor
muscles united.
Genus, PECTEN—Linneus.
Shell oblong or sub-orbicular, regular, equivalve, close; valves
generally with scaly rays; ears unequal, the posterior with a sinus for
the byssus ; hermaphrodite.
P. zealandie, Grav, Dieff. N.Z, ii., p. 260; Voy. Erebus and
Terror Moll., pl. 3, f' 73 P. adteffenbachit, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 88. Sub-
orbicular, valves sub-equal, inflated, with about forty radiating sub-equal
rough ribs, sometimes ornamented with scales ; ears very unequal, margin
rather undulated ; variable in colour: yellow, red, purple, or brown.
Height, 1°65 ; breadth, 1°6.
Great Barrier Island to Stewart Island. Chatham Islands.
P. gemmulatus, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f 111. Shell somewhat trian- '
gularly orbicular, thin compressed, equilateral, nearly equivalve, radiately
densely ridged, ridges here and there larger; very beautifully, minutely,
PECTINID. 171
prickly serrated throughout ; whitish, stained with flesh rose ; ears very
unequal (Reeve).
This appears to be the same as the last species.
P. multicostatus, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 173. Shell ovate, rather
thin, gibbous, equilateral, equivalve; valves rayed by thirty rather
distant, narrow, obscurely noduled ribs, finely scaled at the sides; deep
vermilion, unspotted, marbled with white at the umbones; ears very
unequal (Reeve).
Apparently the same as P. sealandie.
P. pica, Reeve, Conch, Lc., f 173. Shell orbicular, compressed,
equilateral, nearly equivalve, valves rayed with twenty-one narrow ribs,
interstices excavated; white variegated with grey and brown-black ; ears
large, nearly equal (Reeve).
Distinguished by the ears being nearly equal.
New Zealand. (Cuming.)
P. australis, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. 1. p. 76; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,
jf. 103. Shell orbicular, sometimes rather ventricose, scarcely equila-
teral, equivalve, valves ranged with twenty-four nbs, which are peculiarly
three divided, and densely finely serrated ; blackish violet or orange
rose, unspotted ; ears unequal (Reeve).
Foveaux Straits. Australia and Tasmania.
Mr. Tenison-Woods gives this as a variety of P. asperimus. Lamark.
P. radiatus, Hutton, CMM, p. 82. Orbicular, equivalve, com-
pressed, with about eighty equal rough radiating strize; ears unequal ;
thin ; margin crenulated ; red, ochraceous, or brownish-purple.
Height, 1°8; breadth, “1-7.
Stewart Island, 13 fathoms.
P. (Dentipecten) vellicatus, Hutton, CAM, p. 82. Irre-
gularly orbicular, sub-equivalve, produced in front, longitudinally irregu-
larly five-plaited, and with small radiating ribs, crossed by fine concentric
strize ; ears unequal ; hinge line obscurely striated ; margin undulating.
Reddish, purplish, or white spotted with pink.
Height, 1°6; breadth, 1°6.
Cook Strait to Stewart Island.
Possibly the same as P. convexus of Quoy and Gaimard, or P. roseo-
punctatus, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 84.
Genus, VOLA—Klein.
Shell sub-orbicular ; inequivalve ; superior valve flattened ; rayed ;
ears nearly equal.
V. laticostatus, Gray, Dief, N.Z, i, p. 260; Pecten nove
zealandie, Reeve, Conch. Ic., f- 36. Thick, with fourteen to eighteen
smooth radiating ribs, the larger ones sometimes depressed, with one or
two interrupted longitudinal grooves ; flat valve with the ribs distant and
narrower ; reddish brown to purplish-white; interior white or brownish.
Height, 5°5 ; length, 6.
172 RADULIDZ.
Common in the North, very rare in the South. South Australia.
(Angas.) Chatham Islands.
Mr. Tenison-Woods regards this as identical with Pecten fumatus, L.
FAMILY—RADULID&.
Body produced, in part linguiform. Mouth surrounded by tenta-
cular filaments. Mantle without any ocelli on the edge, the margin
fringed with tentacular filaments ; anal tubes cylindric, visible externally.
Foot compressed, not byssiferous. Shell gaping at the sides, usually
white. Hinge edentulous.
Genus, LIMA—Brug.
Shell equivalve, compressed, obliquely oval; anterior side straight,
gaping ; posterior rounded, usually close ; umbones apart, eared ; hinge
area triangular, cartilage pit central ; adductor impression lateral, large,
double ; pedal scars two, small.
L. zealandica, Sowerby, P.Z.S., 1876, ~. 754, pl. Ixxv., f. 1.
Shell broad, thick, rather inflated, radiately ribbed, slightly gaping on
each side; front side obliquely produced and concavely flattened,
forming an oblong lunule terminating below the middle ina decided
angle; the other side obliquely rounded ; ribs eighteen in number,
rather square, thick, scaled, sometimes of a teddish- brown color ; inters-
tices between the ribs smooth, concave, equal in width to the nbs;
auricles small, sloping ; umbones acute, incurved (Sowerby).
This is the Z. sguamosa of former lists.
Stewart Island.
L. angulata, Sowerby, Zhes. Conch., Reeve’s Conch. Ic. f- 13.
Shell ventricose, white, obliquely sub-trigonal ; anteriorly angular at the
ventral margin, very finely radiately striated; posterior ventral margin
finely dentated (Sowerby).
North Island. Panama and New Caledonia. 5S. Australia. (Angas).
L. japonica, 4. Adams, P.Z.S., 1863, p. 509; Reeve, Conch. Lc.,
jf. 21. Shell ovate, ventricose, broad, rather straight, nearly equilateral,
rayed with numerous strong, rather sharp ribs; ventral margin scarcely
obliquely produced; hinge margin broad; auricles nearly equal;
umbones produced (Sow.)
Stewart Island. Japan.
Of the same form as Z. dud/a/a, but smaller and with smooth rays.
FAMILY—SPONDYLID.
Mouth with foliaceous lips; palps short, oblong, pointed. Mantle
freely open, the margins thickened, and furnished with numerous rows
of tentacular cirri, many of which are truncate, and end in a smooth
convex surface ; gills large, equal, separate. Foot small, cylindrical,
ANOMIID-, 173
truncated, ending in a disk, from the depressed centre of which issues a
small, cylindrical tendon terminating in a small, oviform, fleshy mass.
Shell irregular, attached by the right valve, radiately ribbed, spiny, or
foliaceous ; hinge with two strong teeth.
Genus, PLICATULA—Lamark.
Shell inequivalve, plicate, irregular, attached by the beak of the
right valve ; beaks not eared ; hinge with two strong diverging cardinal
teeth in each valve, with an intermediate cartilage pit.
P. novee-zealandie, Sowerby in Reeve’s Conch. Ic., ft. Shell
thin, white, depressed, leafy at the sides; plaits numerous, obtuse, here
and there divided, dentiform at the margin (Sowerby).
The ribs are so divergent, that those near the dorsal margin are at
right angles with the central.
New Zealand. (British Museum).
FAMILY—ANOMIID.
Mouth with narrow, plain lips, confluent with the gills; palps
obsolete. Mantle wide open, except at the hinge, with a double pen-
dent ‘margin, fringed with short cirri ; no ocelli; gills two on each side,
unsymmetrical, united posteriorly, and suspended by two falciform
membranes ; outer gill lamina, furnished with a broad reflexed margin.
Foot small, cylindrical, expanded at the end and grooved. Sexes
distinct ; generative organs combined with the right mantle lobe.
Ventricle exposed, not perforated by the rectum. Byssus large, laminar
passing through a nearly complete foramen in the right mantle lobe,
and attached by a powerful muscle to the centre of the left valve.
Adductor moderate ; pallial line continuous. Shell largely indented or
with a variously formed opening near the summit of the inferior valve,
for the passage of the adductor muscle, which is attached to a plug that
adheres to foreign bodies.
Genus, ANOMIA—Linneus.
Shell not eared, upper valve with three sub-central muscular scars ;
the anterior upper lobe of the notch separated from the cardinal edge ;
plug entirely shelly, and quite free from the edge of the notch.
A. stowei, Hutton, CALAL, p. 83. Sub-orbicular, thick, solid,
lower valve smooth ; yellowish-white ; interior dark green ; notch large,
ovate, anterior lobe widely separated from the cardinal edge ; muscular
impressions two only, strongly marked; upper large, broadly oval or
sub-orbicular ; lower much smaller on the posterior lower edge of the
larger, and confluent with it, sub-orbicular.
Diameter, 3°5.
Picton.
A. alectus, Gray, P.Z.S., 1849, p. 117; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f, 28.
Irregular, upper valves convex, reddish, internally pearly ; lower valve
174 OSTREID&.
green, internally green; upper scar large oblong; lower scars two,
large, rather smaller than the upper one, close together but not
confluent, the lowest one the largest (Gray).
Stewart Island. Peru.
A doubtful determination.
A. cyteum, Gray, P.Z.S, 1849, p. 115. Shell sub-orbicular
smooth ; internally reddish, upper muscular scar very large, sub-cordate;
lower two, sub-orbicular, smaller, nearly equal sized; the upper in the
notch of the upper (sic.) one; the lower hinder close to lower hinder‘
edge of the upper one ; sinus in lower valve large (Gray).
Stewart Island. China.
A very doubtful determination. _
Genus, PLACUNANOMIA—Broderip.
Shell not eared ; upper valve with two sub-central muscular scars ;
the anterior lobe of the upper notch agglutinated to the cardinal edge ;
plug shelly at the top and near the body to which it is attached, and
with horny longitudinal laminve below and internally.
P. zealandica, Gray, Dief, N.Z., ii., p. 260, Reeve, Conch. Ic,
YrAsVoynylirebus and Lerner pl. 2.07105 ‘Chen, \fogo84s7) 5Ub-
orbicular, white, smooth ; upper valve with distant radiating grooves ;
internally dark green; upper valve with two confluent scars ; upper
oblong, longitudinal, lower rather small and more transverse ; thin,
translucent (Gray).
Stewart Island to Auckland.
P. ione, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 123; Reeve, Conch. Le.,
jf. 6. White, laminar; edge of the lamine with small, slender, elon-
gated processes ; interior green ; lower muscular scar small, round, on
the lower hinder edge of the larger one ; sinus or perforations large
(Gray).
Stewart Island. Australia. Tasmania.
FAMILY—OSTREID.
Labial appendages triangular, connected round the mouth by a plain
membrane ; palps separate from the gills. Mantle entirely open, the
edges double, and each bordered by short tentacular fringes ; no con-
spicuous ocelli ; branchial leaflets not doubled on themselves. Foot
obsolete. Shell inequivalve, inequilateral, irregular, close and fixed by
the inferior valve, which is the largest, or free; beaks central, straight ;
adductor impression single, behind the centre ; hinge toothless.
Genus, OSTREA—Linneus.
Irregular, attached by the left valve ; upper valve flat or concave,
OSTREIDE. 175
often plain; lower convex, often plaited or foliaceous, and with a
prominent beak; ligamental cavity triangular or elongated; herma-
phrodite.
O. edulis, Z. Reeve, Conch. lc, f 8; O. purpurea, Hanley,
Conch. miscel. pt. 3; O. chilensts, Sowerby tn Reeves Conch. Ic., fc 33;
O. virginica, C.M.M., not of Lamark. Ovato-orbicular, upper valve
flat, laminated with imbricating scales; lower rugged, wrinkled ; liga-
ment pit small, triangular; muscular impression large, lunate, scarcely
hollowed ; purplish, white near the hinge ; interior yellowish or greenish
white, margin purple, waved.
Diameter about 2.
Common. The mud oyster. Australia and Tasmania.
Very variable in shape and color.
O. discoidea, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep., xii., p. 463; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,
J. 26; O. lutaria, Hutton, C.M.M., p. 84. Shell rounded, flattened,
finely striated, whitish-brown, rayed with pale purple, sub-equivalve ;
hinge small; lower valve convex, muscular impression very large ; upper
valve much compressed (Sowerby).
Pelorus Sound ; Catlin River.
A doubtful identification; perhaps the same as the last.
O. glomerata, Gould, U.S. Ex. Ep. xii., p. 461 ; Reeve, Conch. Ic.,
fF 52. Shell thick, irregular, sharp ribbed, with the margin dentated or
lobed, very inequivalve ; upper valve opercular, compressed, wrinkled
with thick concentric laminz; lower valve cucullated, purple, white
within edged with purple or black ; lateral margins denticulated ; hinge
generally attenuated, produced pointed (Sowerby).
The Rock-Oyster of Auckland ; not found further south.
O. reniformis, Sowerby ; Reeve’s Conch. Iv., f- 57. Shell thick,
elongated, narrow, laterally arched, whitish, inequivalve ; upper valve
compressed, flattened, a little leafy towards the margins, edged within
with purple; lower valve deeply excavated, ventral margin straight,
muscular impressions blackish-purple (Sowerby).
The rock-oyster of Dunedin is referred with great doubt to this
species.
Class—Brachiopoda.
Body protected by a bivalve shell applied to the dorsal and ventral
surfaces of the animal. Head none. Mouth with two long cirriferous
arms; no branchie, respiration being effected by the lobes of the mantle.
Sexes distinct or united.
ORDER—ARTICULATA.
The two valves united by a hinge; the ventral valve generally with
teeth, which are received into sockets in the dorsal valve. ‘Two adductor
and two divaricator muscles; the latter running obliquely from the
ventral valve to the median, or cardinal, process of the dorsal valve.
FAMILY—TEREBRATULID.
Shell minutely punctate ; ventral valve with a prominent beak, per-
forated by a foramen, for the passage of the peduncle. Foramen partly
surrounded by a deltidium of one or two pieces. Oral appendages
entirely or partially supported by caicified processes, usually in the form
of a loop, and always fixed to the dorsal valve.
Genus, WALDHEIMIA—King.
Foramen complete ; loop elongated and reflected, attached to the
hinge plate ; median septum of the smaller valve elongated.
W. lenticularis, Deshayes, Mag. Zool., 1841, ¢. 41 ; Reeve, Conch.
Ic. (Terebratula), f- 4. Orbicular, smooth, red; margins even ; beak
small, recurved; foramen small; deltidium conspicuous; loop elongated,
reflected.
Iength, 25 breadth, 17335 height, 1717.
Cook Strait to Stewart Island.
Genus, TEREBRATELLA—D’Orbigny.
Loop elongated, reflected, attached to the hinge plate, and also to
the longitudinal septum by processes given off at right angles from the
crura, near the centre of the valve.
T. cruenta, Dillwyn, Reeve, Conch. Lc. (Terebratula), f. 20; T.
rubra, Sowerby; T: sealandica, Deshayes. Rounded, ventricose, orna-
TEREBRATULID&. Ly
mented with radiating dichotomous ribs; orange-red, deepest at the
lines of growth ; margins crenulated ; dorsal valve with a central, longi-
tudinal depression ; beak somewhat produced, lateral ridges distinct ;
area large, rounded ; foramen large, complete; deltidium large ; loop
elongated, doubly attached.
Length, 1°5 ; breadth, 1°6 ; height, r.
Cook Strait to Stewart Island.
T. rubicunda, Solander; T. sanguinea, Q. & G., Le. iii, p.
On ea O53 f> 0-7; Reeve, Conch. Ie. f. ep T. tnconspicua,
Sow. Shell somewhat triangularly ovate, deep red, or colourless, pale
towards the beak, beak tumidly produced, rather erect, foramen large,
sometimes entire, sometimes with the deltidium divided ; valves gibbous,
flexuousely channelled in the middle ; apophysis elongated, conspicu-
ously doubly attached (Reeve).
Common. Auckland Islands. Chatham Islands.
Genus, MAGAS—Sowerby.
Shell with a reflected loop attached near the bend to a very promi-
nent central septum.
M. evansii, Davidson, P.Z.S., 1852, p. 77, pl. xiv., f. 7-9. Sub-
ovate, with a few unequal bifurcating ribs; pale red ; beak tapering,
slightly recurved, with well-defined lateral ridges ; foramen incomplete ;
deltidia small; area flattened ; dorsal valve rather flat ; loop elongated,
doubly attached ; septum produced, nearly touching the opposite valve.
Length, *33; breadth, -3 ; height, 13.
Possibly the young of 7: cruenta.
Genus, WALTONIA-—Davidson.
Oval, smooth, punctate; valves convex; margins sinuated ; beak
truncated by a large incomplete foramen; deltidia separate; loop
reduced to two simple lamellz, furnished with oral processes, and
attached to a prominent central septum.
New Zealand only. Only one minute specimen is known in the
Paris Museum, and in it the loop may possibly have been broken away ;
if so it should be referred to Zerebratedla.
W. valencienni, Davidson, Ann. Nat. Hist., 1850, pl. 15, f. 1.
Reeve, Conch, Ic., f: 31. Small, oval, red, smooth, with the margin
fimbriated, the plaits radiating in front, diverging at the sides ; dorsal
valve nearly flat; ventral valve convex; beak prominent; foramen
large and incomplete; deltidia dis-united.
Length, ‘2; breadth, ‘17 ; height, ‘1.
Probably the same as AZagas evansiz.
Genus, BOUCHARDIA—Davidson.
Apophysary system anchor-shaped, consisting of an elevated central
plate, to which are affixed two short lamelle.
178 TEREBRATULID&.
B. cumingii, Davidson, P.Z.S., 1852, p. 78, pl. xiv., f- 10-16;
Reeve, Conch. Le., f. 29. Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, thick, flex-
uous at the margin, whitish, tinged with rose; beak acuminately
produced, but little incurved; foramen small, entire, terminal; deltidium
obsolete, area impressly concave, rather rough; valves equally convex,
sides callous within; loop doubly attached, septum large, anchor-
shaped, callous (Reeve).
New South Wales. (Angas.)
Probably my W. ¢apirina (Cat. Tert. Moll. p. 36) is this species ;
it must not be confounded with Zerebratulina cumingit, David. from
China, which is very different.
Genus, KRAUSSIA—Davidson.
Sub-circular, with a nearly straight hinge line; beak truncated;
foramen large and round; deltidia small, disunited; beak laterally
keeled ; hinge area flat ; dorsal valve longitudinally depressed ; internal
skeleton consisting of a small forked process arising from the septum,
near the centre of the valve.
K. lamarkiana, Davidson, P.Z.S., 1852, p. 80, pl. xiv., f. 22-23;
Reeve, Conch. L¢., f- 34. Sub-orbicular, striated with fine bifurcating
ridges, light yellow; hinge area well defined, flat; foramen large,
incomplete ; deltidia small; dorsal valve with a central longitudinal
groove ; apophysis central, bifurcating ; margins of the valves thickened
internally and spinulose.
Length, :25 ; breadth, ‘25 ; height, ‘12.
Australia. ‘Tasmania.
FAMILY—RHYNCHONELLID.
Animal free, or attached by a muscular peduncle issuing from an
aperture situated under the extremity of the beak of the ventral valve.
Arms spirally rolled, flexible, and supported only at their origin by a pair of
short, curved, shelly processes. Shell, structure, fibrous and impunctate.
Genus, RHYNCHONELLA~— Fischer.
Trigonal, acutely beaked, usually plaited; dorsal valve elevated in
front, depressed at the sides ; ventral valve flattened, or hollowed along
the centre, hinge plates supporting two slender curved lamelle ; dental
plates diverging.
R. nigricans, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., i., p. 342, Reeve, Conch.,
Ic, f. 1. Thin, irregular, longitudinally nmbbed; margin crenulated.
Brown or blackish.
Length, °7; breadth, °8; height, °4.
Not uncommon in the South. Chatham Islands.
Class—Polyzoa.
Alimentary canal suspended in a double walled sac, capable of being
partially protruded ; mouth surrounded by a circle of hollow ciliated
tentacles ; animals always composite.
ORDER—PHYLACTOLAMATA.
Lophophore bi-lateral ; mouth with an epistome.
Sub-Order—Lophophea.
Arms of lophophore free or obsolete. (Fresh water.)
FAMILY—PLUMATELLID/:.
Zoarium rooted.
Genus, PLUMATELLA.—Bosc.
Zoarium confervoid, branched, composed of a series of membrano-
corneous tubular cells, each of which constitutes a short ramulus with a
terminal orifice ; branches distinct from one another. Lophophore
crescentric, with two long arms.
P. aplinii, MWacgiliivray, Trans. Royal Soc. Vic. 1860, p. 204.
Zoarium adherent, creeping; cells cylindrical, with a distinct keel ;
aperture oblique.
Homebush Creek, Malvern Hills, under stones. Australia.
I have only examined dried specimens, but Macgillivray says that
the tentacula are about sixty, and the statoblasts elongated. It ap-
proaches very near to P. emarginata of Europe.
ORDER—GYMNOLAMATA.
Lophophore orbicular, or nearly so ; no epistome. Marine.
Sub-Order— Cheilostomata.
Polypide completely retractile; evagination of tentacular sheath
perfect ; orifice of cell sub-terminal, of less diamater than the cell, and
usually closed with a moveable lip or shutter; sometimes by a con-
tractile sphincter; cells not tubular ; consistence calcareous, corneous,
or fleshy.
180 CATENICELLIDZ.
FAMILY—CATENICELLID.
Zoarium divided into distinct internodes by flexible joints, internodes
formed by a single series of cells.
Genus, CATENICELLA—Blainville.
Cells arising from the upper and back part of the lower one by a
short corneous tube, all facing the same way, and forming dichotomously
divided branches of an erect phytoid zoarium ; cell at each bifurcation
geminate ; each cell with two lateral processes usually supporting an
avicularium ; ovicells either sub-globose and terminal, or galeriform, and
placed below the opering of a cell in front.
This is altogether a southern genus.
(a.) Fenestratee.
Cells fenestrate in front ; ovicells terminal.
C. ventricosa, Busk, Cat. Pol. Brit. Mus.,p.7. Cells oval, com-
pressed ; avicularia wide, sometimes supporting a cup-like cavity, some-
times a closed broad conical spine, fenestrae seven, with fissures radiating
towards a rounded central pore; front of cell studded with minute
acuminate papille; back smooth, sometimes spotted. Dirty white;
3 or 4 inches long.
Lyall Bay. Bass Straits, 45 fathoms.
C. hastata, Busk, 1c, p. 7; C. bicuspis, Gray, Dic IND
(P22935) Cells oval; fenestra seven to nine, disposed in a ee
with fissures radiating towards the median line ; avicularia supporting
large, pyramidal, pointed, hollow processes, compressed and perforated
before and behind by five or six small circular pores. Yellowish-white
or reddish ; 3 or 4 inches long.
Lyall Bay. Bass Straits, 45 fathoms.
C. aurita, Busk, Zc, p. 8. Cells oval or sub-globose ; avicularia
large and strong, two blunt processes, the upper the longer, on each side
of the opening in front ; fenestrae five, around a central one.
Cook Strait (Lyall). Campbell’s Island. Bass’s Strait.
C. cribraria, Busk, Zc, ~. 9. Cells sub-globular, compressed,
more or less alate; avicularia large, without any superior appendage,
and prolonged downwards into elevated lateral ale ; fenestrae numerous,
small, round, equidistant, the outside ones larger; a minute central
pore.
Lyall Bay. Bass Straits, 45 fathoms.
C. margaritacea, 4usk, Zc, ~.9. Cells oval or sub-globular,
much compressed ; avicularia short and broad, supporting a deep, cup-
like cavity ; fenestre five, large, with fissures radiating upwards ; lower
margin of aperture notched in the middle; back of the cell minutely
sulcate ; sulci short, interrupted, irregular.
Lyall’s Bay. Swan Island. Australia.
CATENICELLID-. 181
(d.) Vittate.
Cells furnished with a narrow elongated band or ‘‘ vitta” on each side ;
without fenestre ; ovicells galeriform, not terminal.
C. perforata, Busk, Zc, ~. 10. Cells elongated oval ; avicula-
rium processes large, perforated at the base, or by several openings ;
vittee long, wider below, lateral ; surface in front papillose.
New Zealand (Hooker, Lyall, Darwin). Tasmania. Australia.
C. ringens, Awsk, 1c, p. 10. Cells ovoid or sub-globular;
avicularia usually very unequal, the larger one gaping ; vitte anterior,
broad ; surface in front smooth.
New Zealand (Dieffenbach). South Africa.’
C. elegans, Busk, /c., p. 10. Cells elongated ovoid ; avicularia
large and projecting, without any superior appendage ; vitte narrow,
sub-lateral, surface in front papillose.
Port Cooper. Banks Peninsula. Bass Straits, 47 fathoms. South
Africa. Port Dalrymple.
C. cornuta, Ausk, Voyage of Rattlesnake, 1., p. 361. Cells
oval; avicularia in most cells wholly transformed into long pointed
retrocedent spines, on one or both sides, in others into shorter spines or
unaltered ; vittae linear, extremely narrow, entirely lateral, and extend-
ing the whole length of the cell from the base of the avicularium.
Surface in front smooth. Yellowish-white.
New Zealand (Darwin). Bass Straits.
(c.) Simplices.
Without vitte or fenestre.
C. scutella, Hutton; C. alata, Hutton, CMM. p. 89; not of
Wyv. Thomson. Cells ovate, narrowed below ; lateral processes pro-
jecting horizontally and forwards from the whole length of the cell; \
mouth round, simple, with a thickened rim, placed in the upper part of
the cell; surface smooth, with a single median pore (fenestra?), and
occasionally another on each side of it.
Lyall Bay.
GC. geminata, Wyv. Thomson, Nat. Hist. Rev., 1858, O.7-IS. 7,
p. 147. Axial cell, geminate. The secondary cell developed alter-
nately on either side of the axis. Axial cells, pyriform ; a large gaping
avicularium on the angle opposite the secondary cell ; secondary cell
giving off by a terminal horny tube a single wedge-shaped peripheral
cell; cell mouth, large ; a deep notch in the centre of the lower lip ;
in the primary and secondary axial cell four or five blunt spines
surround the upper margin of the mouth, which is surmounted in the
peripheral cells by two longer ear-like processes; front of cell tuber-
culated.
A small species epiphytic on red alge.
New Zealand (Dr. Joliffe). Australia.
182 CELLULARIIDA.
GC. carinata, Busk, Voyage of Rattlesnake, Vol. \., p. 363. Cells
oval, narrowed at each end; lateral processes (without avicularia ?)
projecting horizontally outwards from the side of the aperture, which is
nearly central ; mouth with a small tooth on each side, and below it a
triangular space with three strong conical eminences ; a few scattered
papille on the surface of the sides and back; ovicelligerous cells gemi-
nate.
Netw Zealand (Dr. Joliffe). Bass Strait.
FAMILY—CELLULARIID:.
Zoarium divided into distinct internodes by flexible joints ; inter-
nodes formed by two or more cells in a row; cells disposed in the same
plane, forming linear branches of a dichotomously divided, phytoid,
erect, zoarium.
Genus, CHLLULARIA—Pallas.
Cells bi-triserial, more than four in each internode; oblong or rhom-
boidal, contiguous ; perforated behind ; without avicularia or vibracula.
C. cuspidata, Busk, Zc., p. 19. Upper and outer angle produced
into a strong spine; a single perforation behind ; a cuspidate spine on
the summit of the median cell at each bifurcation ; ovicell smooth.
Lyal’s Bay. Australia.
C. monotrypa, Busk, Voyage of Rattlesnake, Vol. 1., p. 368.
Cells oblong, narrowed below, with a single perforation in the upper and
outer part behind; opening oval, margin smooth; a short spinous
process at the upper and outer angle; a sharp, short spine in the middle
of the upper border of the middle cell, at a bifureation ; ovicell (?) in
form of a very shallow excavation in the upper part of the cell in front.
New Zealand (Darwin). Bass Strait.
Genus, MENIPEA—Lamouroux.
Cells oblong or elongated, attenuated downwards ; imperforate
behind, sometimes with a sessile avicularium on the upper and outer
angle ; one or two sessile avicularia on the front of the cell below the
aperture.
M. cirrata, Gray, Dieff, N.Z, ii, p. 292. Cells pyriform, con-
stricted below, six in each internode, one of the lower usually more or
less aborted ; usually one large lateral avicularium to each internode ;
three marginal spines very long and strong ; anterior avicularium single,
its upper border toothed.
New Zealand (Dr. Sinclair). South Africa.
M. buskii, Wyv. Thomson, Nat. Hist. Rev, 1858, Q./-AS., 7,
p. 15t. Cells, elongated, attenuated downwards, three in each inter-
node; cell-mouth, large, oval, oblique, the lower third filled up by a
tuberculated calcareous plate ; upper hip prolonged, and fringed with
CELLULARIID&. 183
from four to five spines, attached to the lip by horny joints, and one of
them, usually the second from the outer edge, very long, curved, and
pod-like; there is often an additional spine on the upper and inner
margin of the cell-mouth ; operculum spine, strong and clavate, stretch-
ing upwards and outwards from the lower and inner lip of the cell-
aperture ; connecting horny tube between the internodes, double;
ovicell, spherical, with a richly granular surface, imbedded among the
cells, on the cavities of two of which it encroaches.
New Zealand (Dr. Joliffe). Tasmania.
Genus, SCRUPOCELLARIA—Van Beneden.
Cells rhomboidal, with a sinus on the outer and hinder aspect ;
each furnished with a sessile avicularium at the upper and outer angle,
and with a vibraculum placed in the sinus on the outer and lower part
behind ; aperture oval or sub-rotund, spinous above, with or without a
pedunculate operculum; cells bi-serial and numerous at each internode.
S. scruposa, Zzumneus. Cells sub-elongate, narrow ; aperture
elliptical, with three or four spines above ; ovicell smooth.
Lyall Bay. Europe.
S. serupea, Zusk, Ann. Nat. Hist., 2nd Ser. Vol 7., p. 83,
pl. 1x, f. 11-12. Cells rhomboidal, truncated above and _ below,
sinuated behind ; aperture sub-oval, margin a little thickened, armed
above with four or five spines; operculum peduncled, reniform ;
ovicell, cucullate, sub-appressed, smooth.
New Zealand. (Dr. Joliffe). Europe.
Genus, EMMA—Gray.
Cells in pairs or triplets; opening more or less oblique, sub-
triangular, partially filled up by a granulated calcareous expansion ; a
sessile avicularium generally on the outer side below the level of the
opening.
Found only in Australia and New Zealand.
E. crystallina, Gray, Dieff. N.Z, ii. p. 293. Cells in pairs ; one,
two, or three spines on the outer edge, the central usually the longest
and strongest. ;
Bass Straits, 45 fathoms.
Parasitic upon Polyzoa, &c.; circinate, branched; branches irregular,
divaricate ; the opening of the cell triangular, very obliquely placed.
Lyall Bay. Campbell Island.
E. tricellata, Busk, Zc, p. 28. Cells in triplets; three or four
long spines on the upper and outer part, a small spine on the inner and
lower part of the margin of the aperture.
New Zealand (Hooker). Bass Straits. Campbell Island.
Parasitic upon Catenicella, &c. Habit long, straggling.
Q
184 SALICORNARIIDA.
FAMILY—SALICORNARIID#:.
Zoarium divided into internodes by flexible joints; internodes
formed by cells disposed around an imaginary axis, forming cylindrical
branches of a dichotomously divided erect zoarium.
Genus, SALICORNARIA—Cuvier.
Front of cell depressed, surrounded by an elevated ridge, by which
the surface is divided into more or less regular rhomboidal or hexagonal
spaces ; no aperture ; avicularia disposed irregularly.
S. farciminoides, /ohuston, Hist. Brit. Zooph., p. 355. Front of
cell rhomboidal, or hexagonal with a straight side at top and bottom,
sometimes arched above; cells in the same series contiguous ; surface
granular ; avicularium distinct from and above acell, rostrum immersed,
mandible semicircular.
Europe. South Africa. Australia.
S. malvinensis, Bush, /.c., . 18. Front of cell arched above,
very acute below ; cells distant in the same series ; surface smooth ;
avicularium replacing a cell, rostrum immersed, mandible wide, large,
triangular, pomted.
South America. Falkland Islands.
Genus, ONCHOPORA—Busk.
Cells, ventricose, coalescent ; not boardered by a raised margin ;
ovicells, inconspicuous.
New Zealand only.
O. hirsuta, Lamx., Hist. des Polyp. cor, p. 126, Pl. it, f. 4.
Front of cell rhomboidal, margin raised, surface granular ; cells in the
same series distant ; a long corneous tube at the base of each cell.
Lyall Bay.
FAMILY—SCRUPARIAD:.
Zoarium continuous throughout ; cells uni-serial.
Genus, 4 TEA—Lamouroux.
Cells tubular, erect, scattered, rising from a creeping fistular fibre
adnate to a foreign base ; aperture terminal, or sub-terminal.
EE. dilatata, Busk. Ann. Nat. Hist., 1851, p. 85, pl. ix., f. 14.
Cells cyathiform at the apex, curved, ringed, aperture largely dilated,
sub-orbicular. (Busk.)
Torres Strait (2) (Quekett.) Foveaux Straits. (G. Joachim.)
CABEREID/. 15 5
Genus, BEANIA—Johnston.
Zoarium confervoid, sub-corneous, or calcareous; cells arising one
from another by a slender filiform tube ; cell open in front, the edges of
the opening furnished with hollow spinous processes arching over the
opening ; mouth terminal, with a denticle on each side.
B. swainsoni, Hutton, C.M.M., ~. 91. Zoarium erect, phytoid,
dichotomously branched, sub-corneous ; cells sub-continuous, one aris-
ing from the top of another ; coste eight to twelve.
From the collection of the late W. Swainson.
FAMILY—CABEREID£.
Zoarium continuous throughout, erect, or flexible, dichotomously
divided into ligulate bi-multiseral branches, on the backs of which are
vibracula, or avicularia, one common to several cells ; avicularia sessile.
Genus, CABEREA—Lamouroux.
Back of the branches covered with large vibracula, which are
placed obliquely in two rows, diverging in an upward direction from the
middle line, where the vibracula of either side decussate with those of
the other ; avicularia, when present, sessile on the front of the cell.
C. boryi, Andouin, Busk, lc, p. 38; Selbia zealandica, Gray,
Dieff, N.Z., i., p. 292. Cells bi-serial ; aperture oval; pedunculate
operculum expanded principally downwards, and sometimes sending off
a process to the opposité side of the aperture ; a single spine on the
inner side springing from:the peduncle of the operculum ; two marginal
spines on the outer side of the aperture ; ovicell large, arcuate ; vibra-
cula ovoid, setze serrated.
Lyall Bay. England. South Africa. South America. Cumber-
land Island.
C. lata, Busk, Zc., p. 39. Bimultiserial; marginal cells with a
single sub-apical spine; central cells without marginal spines; sete
serrated.
Australia.
Perhaps a variety of C. hookeri, Johnston, Brit. Zooph., p. 338 (Busk).
FAMILY—BICELLARIIDA.
Zoarium continuous, erect, dichotomously divided into narrow ligu-
late, bi- or multiserial branches; no vibracula ; avicularia, when present,
pedunculate and articulated.
Genus, BICELLARIA—Fleming.
Cells turbinate, distant ; aperture directed more or less upwards ;
several spines, marginal or dorsal.
186 BICELLARIID/.
B. tuba, 2usk, Zc., p. 42. Aperture round, looking almost directly
upwards ; a digitiform hollow process below the outer border, support-
ing two or four long incurved spines ; two or three other long curved
sub-marginal spines behind or above the aperture, none below it in
front ; a solitary spine on the back, a short way down the cell ;
avicularia very long, trumpet-shaped, arising from the back of the cell.
Lyall Bay. Bass Strait, 45 fathoms.
Genus, HALOPHILA—Gray.
Cells continuous, attenuated downwards, much expanded upwards,
with a large plain aperture ; unarmed.
Australia and New Zealand only.
H. johnstonic, Gray, Zc, ii, p. 292. Cells obliquely truncated
above, with a short spine on the outer angle; aperture large oval;
margin slightly thickened. Pale gray.
Lyall Bay. Bass Strait.
Genus, BUGULA—Oken.
Cells elliptical (viewed behind), closely contiguous, bi-multiserial ;
aperture very large ; margin simple, not thickened; avicularia, when
present, pedunculate and articulated.
B. neritina, Zinneus; Busk, lc, ~. 44. Cells quadrangular,
lengthened, with a truncated summit, the angles projecting.
Lyall Bay. Australia. Auckland Islands. Red Sea. Rio de
Janeiro.
B. dentata, Lamouroux, Busk, l.c., p. 46: Acamarchts tridentata,
Krauss. Cells bi-serial, oblong, rounded at each end; aperture oval ;
three marginal spines on the outer side, and one on the inner ; avicu-
laria lateral, capitate ; ovicell superior, cucullate, blue. Gray or blue
(Busk).
New Zealand (Hooker, Lyall). Australia. Tasmania. South Africa.
B. prismatica, Gray, Zc, ii, p. 292. Zoarium rather rigid,
compressed, dichotomously branched, erect, reddish-brown ; cells,
distant, alternate, cylindrical; aperture, entire, produced into a denti-
form angle at the outer margin, from which a keel descends obliquely
to the inner and lower corner of the cell ; ovarian cells, globular, white,
situated in a single row on the front of the zoarium.
Motanau, Canterbury ; and Ocean Beach, Dunedin. (F.W.H.)
Genus, MUSCARIA—Hutton.
Cells multiserial, arranged back to back on both sides of the branches.
New Zealand onlv.
M. armata, ution, CMM, p. 93. Branches robust, flattened ;
cells oval, convex, arranged’ in longitudinal rows which are divided by
FLUSTRIDA, 187
elevated ridges ; cells in the same series contiguous ; a long curved
smooth spine by the side of every alternate cell; aperture small, trans-
verse, oval, the lower lip prominent. Avicularia --—(?).
Zoarium about an inch in height, brown. When viewed by trans-
mitted light, pale brown, with the lips of the aperture dark brown.
Motanau. On the roots of Boltenia australis
FAMILY—FLUSTRIDZ.
Zoarium flexible, expanded, foliaceous, erect, sometimes decumbent
and loosely attached ; cells multiserial, quincuncial or irregular.
Genus, FLUSTRA—Linnezus.
Cells contiguous, on both sides of the frond.
F. papyracea, Liiis; Busk, lc, p. 48. Cells oblong, slightly
enlarged upwards, a short marginal spine at each upper angle ; avicu-
laria fusiform, situated on the right or left marginal spine ; olivaceous,
in places pinkish.
Lyall Bay. Britain.
Genus, CARBASEA—Busk.
Cells continuous, on one side only of the frond.
C. pisciformis, Ausk, Zc, p. 50. Cells (viewed behind) elon-
gated, truncated at both .ends, contracted at the waist ; in front pyri-
form, much expanded in the middle, contracted at the top and tapering
downwards, slightly expanding again at the end; aperture large, occupy-
ing most of the front of the cell; ovicells immersed, marked with
radiating lines.
New Zealand. Cook Strait. Tasmania. Australia.
C. episcopalis, Ausk, c., p. 52. Cells pyriform, cylindrical or
barrel-shaped ; back marked with transverse rugee ; aperture circular,
superior ; ovicells lofty, keeled ; avicularia none; pale stone colour.
Lyall Bay. Bass Strait, 45 fathoms.
C. indivisa, Busk, Zc., p. 53. Frond semicircular, undivided,
sub-plicated ; cells oblong, surface behind granulated; ovicells (?).
avicularia none (Busk).
New Zealand (Hooker).
P. cyathiformis, Macgillivray, Trans. Phil. Inst., Victoria,
1859, 2. 97, f- 2. Zoarium infundibuliform, with the cells on the inner
surface, white, translucent ; cells pyriform or oval, smooth, arranged in
radiating series ; avicularia none ; aperture lunate, not extending across
the front of the cell.
Lyall Bay; on Catenice//a. Australia.
188 FARCIMINARIIDA.
Genus, DIACHORIS—Busk.
Cells disjunct, each connected with six others by tubuiar processes ;
frond sometimes partially adnate and decumbent.
A southern genus only.
D. magellanica, Busk, 1c, p. 54. Cells semi-erect, open in
front, oval; mouth circular, with a thickened and raised margin ; a
pedunculate and articulated capitate avicularium attached to the margin
of the cell near the top on each side ; ovicell ——-(?) (Busk).
New Zealand (Lyall). Straits of Magellan.
Frondose, with cells on both sides, also loosely adnate.
D. inermis, Ausk, Zc, ~. 54. Cells decumbent, boat-shaped,
entirely open ; two short marginal spines on each side near the top ;
ovicell (?), avicularia ——(?) (Busk).
New Zealand (Lyall). Straits of Magellan.
D. buskiana, Hutton, CMM, ~. 94. Cells semi-erect, mem-
branous, oval, open in front; mouth circular, with a projecting lower
lip, and often a small nodule in the centre; nodule and lower lip
granulated, the rest finely transversely striated ; connecting tubular pro-
cesses short, about eleven to each cell.
Lyall Bay.
Encrusting seaweeds, loosely attached.
FAMILY—FARCIMINARIID:.
Zoarium continuous, erect, flexible, dichotomously branched ;
branches cylindrical, the cells disposed round an imaginary axis.
Genus, FARCIMINARIA—Busk.
Corneous, flexible ; margin of cell much raised ; aperture occupying
the whole front of the cell ; ovicell cucullate.
A Southern genus only.
F. aculeata, Busk, Zc., p. 33. Sides of the cells within the
margin beset with furcate spines; ovicell cucullate, external ; surface
aculeate (Busk).
New Zealand (Lyall). Tasmania.
F. blainvillii, Zamouroux ; Gray, 1c, i., p. 293. Sub-quad-
rangular, formed of four series of ovate convex cells, with an oblong
margined mouth, and scattered with flexible root-like fibres (Gray).
New Zealand. (Dr. Sinclair.)
FAMILY—GEMELLARIID/.
Zoarium continuous, dichotomously branched ; branches with cells
in opposite pairs.
VINCULARID#. 189
Genus, CALWELLIA—Wyv. Thomson.
Cells in pairs, joined back to back ; each pair of cells arising by
tubular prolongations from the pair next but one below it; each pair
having a direction at right angles to the next ; at a bifurcation, each
cell of ‘the primary pair giving off a secondary pair; ovicell, sub-
globular, placed immediately above and behind the posterior margin of
the_cell aperture.
New Zealand and Australia.
C. bicornis, Wyv. Thomson, Nat. Hist. Rev., 1858, O.7-I.S., vii.,
p. 153. The only known species.
Genus, DIMETOPIA—Busk.
_ Cells joined back to back ; aperture oblique ; each pair facing at
right angles to those above and below; at a bifurcation, the pair being
disjoined, each of the disjoined cells gives off a secondary pair.
Australia'and New Zealand only.
D. spicata, Busk, Zc, p. 35. Cells imfundibuliform ; margin
thickened, with numerous equidistant, elongated, acute spines; white _
and transparent, forming thick tufts about 14 to 3 inches or more in
height ; color pink when alive.
Lyall Bay. Bass Straits, 45 fathoms.
D. cornuta, Busk, 2c, p. 35. Cells contracted below the middle ;
aperture oblique, wide above; a strong conical process on each side
above ; one or two long projecting spines in front, inserted below the
margin ; branches narrower than the former ; yellowish ; tufts loose.
Lyall Bay. Bass Straits, 45 fathoms.
FAMILY—VINCULARID.
Zoarium rigid, calcareous, unarticulated. Cells disposed alternately
round an imaginary axis, forming dichotomously dividing branches.
Surface of polyzoary not areolated.
Genus, VINCULARIA—Defrance.
Branches of zoarium not tubular; front of cells surrounded by a
raised border, arcuate above, nearly straight below ; ovicells, immersed,
opening above the mouth of the cell upon which they are placed..
V. neo-zelandica, 2usk, O./-MS., NS. 1, p. 155, pl 34,
fi. 5. Zoarium simple, rooted at the base by radical tubes ; arez of
cells sub-pyriform ; anterior wall perforated ; margins smooth ; orifice
arched above ; lower lip with a broad central denticle.
New Zealand. (Dr. Lyall.)
190 YINCULARID.
FAMILY—MEMBRANIPORID&.
Zoarium membrano-calcareous, or calcareous, expanded, encrusting,
sometimes foliaceous, contorted and sub-erect. Cells horizontal, quin-
cuncial or serial.
Genus, MEMBRANIPORA—Blanville.
Cells more or less irregularly disposed, or quincuncial, with raised
margins, a greater or less extent of the front membranaceous and
flexible.
M. membranacea, Zinneus, Busk, lc, p. 56. Cells oblong,
with a short blunt spine at each upper angle.
Lyall Bay, on Fucz, etc. Europe. Australia.
M. pilosa, Lznneus; Gray, Dieff. N.Z., u., p. 292; Johnston,
Brit. Zooph., p. 280. Cells prolonged below; a moveable spine or
vibraculum below the lower margin of the aperture, sometimes aborted ;
an irregular number of marginal spines ; wall of cell cribriform.
Lyall Bay. Europe. Australia.
M. lineata, Zinneus; Busk, lc, p. 583; Johnston, lc, p. 3409.
Cells oval, separate, the margin armed with numerous slender spines,
erect or bent inward.
Europe. Greenland.
M. tessellata, Hutton, C.A.M., ~. 96. Cells oval, arrangement
quincunc, front rounded above with the sides and bottom flat ; margin
rough with short projecting denticulations; interspaces granular ;
ovicells rather flat, granular.
Common, incrusting dead shells, etc.
M. brunnea, Hutton, CALA, p. 96. Cells broadly oval, with a
single spine at the centre of each side projecting over the front ; ovicells
flattened with a median ridge ; a cup-shaped avicularium on each side
just below it ; brown.
On Zurritella rosea.
M. cyclops, Busk, Zc, p. 61. Front of cells oval ; margin very
much raised, beaded ; a single avicularium below the aperture.
M. magnilabris, 2wsk, 7c, ~. 62, Front of cells oval ; upper
margin semicircular, much raised; moveable lip very large, occupying
the entire semicircular upper third of the front of the cell, remainder of
the front of cell depressed, membranous or semi-calcareous, punctured
South Africa. Atlantic.
Genus, LEPRALIA—Johnston.
Zoarium adnate, crustaceous, spreading from a centre in a more or |
less circular form; composed of contiguous or connected, calcareous,
decumbent cells, the walls of which are complete in front.
VINCULARID&. IQI
1. With Avicularia.
L. reticulata, Macgillivray ; Busk, lc, p. 66; Johnston, Lc.,
p. 317. Cells ovato-ventricose ; interspaces punctured ; mouth raised,
with a thin margin and a channelled sinus in the lower lip, two to
three spines on the upper margin; a central avicularium immediately
below the mouth; mandible acute; ovicell globular, punctured, its
opening bounded below by the meeting of its sides above the avicu-
larium.
Britain.
L. angela, Hutton, CM.M.,, p. 96. Cells ovate, immersed, with
radiating grooves ; mouth sub-orbicular, the lower lip prolonged into a
deep spout-like projecting sinus; a spoon-shaped avicularium on each
side just below the mouth, directed horizontally outwards ; ovicell large,
globose, granular.
2. With Vibracula.
L. ciliata, Zinneus; Busk, Lc, p. 75; Johnston, lc., p. 279.
Cells ovate or sub-globose, surface granular, an elongated acuminate
vibraculum on one side of the body ; a semilunar pore, frequently on an
eminence, in the middle of the front of the cell above the centre ;
mouth with from five to seven spines ; lower lip straight, entire ; ovicell
globose ; surface granular.
Britain. Mediterranean. America. Australia.
L. lyallii, Bwsk, Zc, p. 75. Cells oval ; walls thin, verrucose, or
rugose ; mouth raised ; margin thickened, with a spout-like sinus in
front, and five to six spines on the sides and above ; a small vibraculum
on many of the cells, on one side near the top (Busk.)
New Zealand. (Lyall.) On Fwcz.
3. Without Avicularia or Vibracula.
(a.) With oral spines.
L. variolosa, Bush, Zc, p. 75 ; Johnston, l.c., p. 317. Cells oval,
immersed or sub-immersed, usually disposed in linear series ; punctured
or areolated round the margin, granular (sometimes punctured) in front;
mouth rounded or sub-quadrangular, with two to four close set spines
quite at the summit ; lower lip with a projecting mucro and an internal
bifid denticle; ovicells deeply immersed, also areolated round the
margin.
Lyall Bay. Britain.
L. nitida, Bust, 2c, p76; Johnston, lc, p. 319. Cells ovate,
‘raised in front ; wall composed of four to nine ribs on each side, the
spaces between which are filled up by a diaphanous membrane ; mouth
with four to six oral spines ; ovicell sub-globose, surface granular.
Britain. hi
B il.
192 VINCULARID&.
L. ventricosa, Hassall; Busk, l.c., p. 78; Johnston, lc, p. 305.
Cells distinct above, or raised, immersed at the base, ventricose, ovate
or sub-globose ; mouth sub-orbicular, with a thickened raised margin ; a
bifid denticl2 on the lower lip, and four (rarely more) marginal spines ;
surface granular or irregularly striated; usually a pointed or broad
mucro in front of the mouth; ovicells globular, prominent.
Lyall Bay. Britain.
L. urceolata, Hutton, CMM, p~. 97. Cells large (04 inch),
ovate, ventricose, immersed behind ; surface finely granular without any
pores; mouth simple, scarcely thickened, sub-orbicular, lower lip
straight ; from four to seven spines on the upper margin.
On dead shells.
L. cancer,. Hutton, CALM. ~. 97. Cells ovate, sub-immersed,
separated by depressed lines ; surface coarsely granular ;_ lower lip pro-
duced into a mucronate hollowed process, which covers the mouth, and
is transversely striated ; a short blunt incurved spine on each side of the
mouth; in the fertile cells the lower lip is not mucronate but rounded,
and the spines are absent ; ovicells globose, coarsely granular.
Lyall Bay. On Fwcz.
L. pellucida, Mutton, CALM, p. 97. Cells ovato-ventricose,
smooth, thin, translucent, a pore in the centre; mouth nearly terminal,
oblong, transverse, with four or five long spines on its upper margin ;
ovicell (?). On Fuct. ;
(o.) Mouth without spines.
L. pertusa, Busk, .c., p. 80; Johnston, Lc., p. 311. Cells ovato-
ventricose, or rhomboid, immersed, separated by a raised line, punctured ;
mouth orbicula,or narrowed below,and with a small tooth on each side;
margin scarcely thickened, unarmed ; usually with an irregular perforated
tubercle below the mouth ; ovicell globose, punctured ; purple.
Britain. Australia (?).
On dead shells and corals.
L. areolata, Bush, l.c., p. 82. Cells sub-ovate or diamond-shaped,
depressed, quite immersed, quincunicial, outlines marked by raised
lines ; surface granular ; mouth sub-orbicular, with a sinus below and a
raised thickened margin.
Straits of Magellan, to to 20 fathoms.
L. malusii, Busk, 1c, p. 83; L. biforis, Johnston, Lc, p. 314.
Cells ovate, frequently truncate at each end; front, especially round the
margin, punctured with numerous stelliform pores; a central lunate
pore; mouth rounded, above, straight below, sometimes armed with
three to four oral spines, sometimes forked ; ovicells smooth, sometimes
porcellanous, grooved round the upper border, adnate to the front of
the cell above.
Britain. South America. Falkland Islands.
CELLEPORIDA. 193
L. hyalina, Busk, 2c, p. 84; Johnston, Lc. p. 301. Cells sub-
cylindrical, elongated or compressed and raised in front, sub-erect, the
wall thin, transparent, and smooth; mouth circular, frequently with a
contracted often sub-tubular sinus below, the upper or posterior margin
much raised, sharp ; ovicell globular, erect, free, punctured.
Britain. California. Greenland. Cape of Good Hope. Falkland
Islands, but not New Zealand.
Var. D.—A sinus on the lower lip, and one or two low tubercles in
the centre of the cell below one another.
Lyall Bay.
L. grandis, Hutton, C.AM.,, p. 98. Cells large (.04 inch), ovate,
ventricose ; surface shining, sub-granular, often with one or two longi-
tudinal wrinkles, and with distant pores; mouth simple, slightly
thickened, sub-orbicular, with the lower lip flattened ; ovicell (?).
Pale brown.
Common on dead shells.
L. vellicata, Hutton, C.M.M., p. 98. Cells immersed, areolate ;
mouth higher than broad, rounded at the top and contracted in the
middle, the lower lip arched slightly upwards, and raised ;_ ovicell glo-
bose, areolate.
FAMILY-- CELLEPORIDZ.
Zoarium composed of cells more or less vertical to its axis or plane,
heaped together, or irregularly overlying each other.
Genus, CELLEPORA—Fabricius.
Zoarium calcareous, rigid, adnate, or erect ; composed of urceolate,
sub-erect, contiguous cells heaped together irregularly, or arranged quin-
cuncially ; an ascending rostrum on one or both sides of the mouth,
furnished with an avicularium.
C. pumicosa, Ziznmneus; Busk, Lc. p. 86; Johnston, p. 295.
Glomerous ; cells heaped, ovate or pyriform ; mouth orbicula ; rostrum
large, pointed ; avicularium on the internal aspect, oval; ovicell small,
decumbent.
Lyall Bay. Britain. California. Bass Straits.
Forming small white balls on Sertularta, &c.
C. bispinata, Busk, Zc, p. 87. Cells ovate, elongated, surface
granular ; mouth orbicula ; rostrum anterior, with a very minute avicu-
larium on one side; two long oral spines on the opposite margin ;
brown.
Tasmania.
C. mamillata, Busk, Zc, p. 87. Cells ovate, ventricose, im-
mersed, forming an incrusting polyzarium, the surface of which is
studded with mamillary projections ; mouth orbicular ; rostrum large,
194 ESCHARIDA.,
conical, with a large avicularium on the internal face, sometimes a
conical spine on the opposite side of the mouth.
Patagonia.
C. ampliata, Autton, CMM, p. 99. Massive, free; cells
agglomerated, vertical, smooth, ovate, with a row of large punctures
round the margin ; mouth ovate or sub-orbicular, thin.
Lyall Bay.
C. agglutinans, Hutton, CMM. p. 99. Massive, free, enclos-
ing serpule, &c.; cells agg glomerated, vertical, finely oranulated, ovate ;
mouth sub-orbicular, lower lip flattened, sometimes produced into a
short incurved spout.
Lyall Bay. South Australia.
FAMILY—ESCHARID.
Zoarium erect, rigid, foliaceous and expanded, lobate or reticulated ;
cells disposed quincuncially in the same plane on one or both sides of
the zoarium.
Genus, ESCHARA—Ray.
Zoarium foliaceous and expanded, or branched and sub-linear ; cells
on both surfaces back to back, immersed, coalescent, horizontal to the
plane of the axis.
(a.) More or less expanded, foliaceous.
B. unicornis, Hutton, CALM, p. 99. Zoarium expanded ; cells
short, with a few large pores on the surface; interstices finely granulated;
mouth sub-orbicula, flattened below, lower lip produced into a rather
incurved spout ; a single spine on the right or left side of the mouth.
E. flexuosa, Hutton, C.M.M., ~p. 99. Foliaceous, infundibuliform,
much waved, springing from a broad base; cells elongated, granular,
separated by one or two rows of pores; mouth transverse, oval ; a large
spoon-shaped avicularium in the centre, below the lower lip.
(b.) Divided into branching lobes.
EK. platalea, Ausk, Zc, ~. 90. Cells ovate, acute inferiorly, with
a depressed area below the.mouth in front, at the bottom of which is a
simple pore ; avicularia irregularly scattered over the polyzoarium, rare,
with a spoon-shaped mandible.
Australia.
E. lichenoides, Milne-Edwards ; Busk, l.c., p. 90. Cells ovate,
punctured in the centre by three to fone stellate pores, which soon
coalesce into a single apparent opening; mouth sub-orbicular; a small
prominent avicularium on each side immediately below the mouth,
looking outwards.
Australia.
CRISIIDA. 195
Genus, RETEPORA—Lamark.
Zoarium foliaceous, reticulate, infundibuliform or contorted, sub-
pedunculate ; cells decumbent, opening on the upper surface only.
R. cellulosa, Bush, Zc, ~. 93; R. reticulata, Johnston, Lc, p.
353- Zoarium turbinate or crateriform, undulated, curled; cells sub-
cylindrical ; surface smooth ; mouth sub-orbicular; lower lip projecting,
with an avicularium on one side ; surface strongly vibicate ; a papilli-
form avicularium at the lower angle of the fenestre ; white.
Chatham Islands. Europe. Cape Horn. Australia.
Genus, HEMESCHARA—Busk.
Polyzoarium foliaceous, contorted, or laminar, composed of a
single layer of cells disposed quincuncially, and opening on one surface
only.
H. fairchildi, Hutton, CMI, p. 100. Cells ovate, immersed,
granular, punctured round the edge ; mouth simple ; lower lip straight
or with a sinus ; occasionally with an avicularium on one side of the
mouth ; ovicell globose, granular ; white.
Cook Strait.
Forming an easily detached crust on dead shells.
Sub-Order— Cyclostomata.
Cells tubular ; orifice terminal, of the same diameter as the cell,
without any moveable apparatus for its closure ; consistence calcareous.
FAMILY—CRISIIDZ.
Zoarium divided into distinct internodes, usually connected by
flexible joints ; attached by horny tubes.
Genus, CRISIA—Lamouroux.
Cells in two rows, sub-alternate ; aperture entire.
C. patagonica, D’Ord., Voy. Amer. Merid., Polypiers, p. 7. Cells
9-19, straight, very distinct ; branches arising from second or third cell ;
joints black.
Lyall Bay. S. America.
C. edwardsiana, D’Orbigny, Lc, ~. 7; Busk, Cat. Cydost.
Polyzoa tn B.M. (1875.) p. 5, fl. ., f- 5-8. Cells 2-3 in each internode,
curved forwards; dorsal surface of internode convex, and usually
ridged transversely ; branches arising from the first or lowest cell in the
internode ; one or other of the cells in each internode usually armed
with a long jointed spine ; ovicell lateral, pyriform (Busk.)
Lyall Bay. Australia. S. America.
196 IDMONEID&.
Genus, MARGARETTA—Gray.
Cells disposed in four rows, back to back, each pair facing at right ~
angles to those above and below ; furnished with long bristles.
M. barbata, Zamark, Anim. sans vert., ii., p. 178; M. cereoides,
Gray, Dief. N.Z., i, p. 293, nec Cellaria cereoides, Ellis. Cells
immersed, the mouth only projecting ; surface granulated ; mouth not
thickened ; a long bristle on each side of the mouth; white or pale
brown ; in time the bristles fall off, but their position can always be
recognized by a cup-shaped depression.
Lyall Bay. Cape of Good Hope.
The only species of the genus.
FAMILY—IDMONEIDz.
Zoarium erect, simple or branched ; branches continuous, cylindrical
or sub-compressed, free or anastomosing.
Genus, IDMONEA—Lamouroux.
Zoarium ramose, branches dichotomous or irregularly divided; free
or anastomosing ; mouths of cells disposed in parallel, transverse or
oblique, usually alternate, rows on each side of the front of the
branches, which are angular or carinate in the middle.
I. giebeliana, Sto/iczka, Reise d. Novara, Pale., p. 115, pl. xviii., f.
4-6. Dichotomous, branches depressed, anastomosing ; cells irregular,
sometimes single, sometimes in series of three or four, and sometimes in
clusters of four to eight ; mouth round, raised ; both surfaces minutely
punctate ; branches elliptical.
I. radians, Lamark, Hist. Anim. sans vert., 2nd ed., p. 279; Busk,
Lc., p. 11, pl. vii., f- 1-4. Zoarium usually procumbent, stipitate, some-
times sub-erect ; branches, dichotomous, radiating more or less regu-
larly in a circular form from the centre, very angular in front ; dorsal
surface, perforated ; cells, one to four in each series, the innermost the
longest ; aperture (when quite perfect) bi-labiate. .
New Zealand and Australia.
Genus, HORNERA—Lamouroux.
Zoarium ramose ; branches dichotomous and free ; cells opening on
one side only of the branches, which surface is marked with wavy
anastomosing ridges, in the more or less rhomboidal interstices of which
the openings of the cells are situated.
H. striata, Wc/ne-Edwards; Stolicska, Reise d. Novara, Pale.,p. 107 ;
pl. xvi., f. 8-11. Zoarium cespitose ; branches cylindrical, not reticu-
lated ; mouths of cells disposed more or less regularly in longitudinal
series, small, orbicula, those towards the lower part of the branches with
IDMONEID&. 197
a raised, slightly thickened, annular border, which is sometimes pro-
duced into an acute angle on one side; a pore above and below the
mouth ; anterior surface marked with smooth reticulated ridges, form-
ing nearly regular diamond-shaped areolz ; posterior surface sulcate,
the sulci usually diverging obliquely from an imaginary median line, and
finely punctate ; surface between the sulci smooth or sub-granular.
Genus, RETIHORNERA—Kinchenpaur.
Zoarium foliaceous, composed of sub-parallel branches connected by
transverse tubules, so as to form an expanded frond with quadrangular
fenestra.
R. foliacea, J/Gillivray ; Busk, lc., p.19, pl. xiii, fr 1, 23
R. sguamosa, Hutton, CM.M., p. to1. Foliaceous, waved, in-
fundibuliform, reticulated; mouths of the cells sub-orbicula, with a
raised and scarcely thickened margin ; interspaces finely granulated and
with slightly raised, scaly, longitudinal lines ; back finely granulated,
with slightly raised rather scaly lines; fenestrae small; branches com-
pressed ; white or pale brown.
Chatham Islands. Australia.
R. gouldiana, Busk, Crag Polyzoa, ~p. 95. Foliaceous, infundi-
buliform, waved, reticulated ; mouths of the cells sub-orbicular, with a
slightly raised and thickened margin ; interspaces coarsely granulated ;
back finely granulated and lightly striated ; fenestrae small; branches
cylindrical ; white.
Chatham Islands. Australia.
Perhaps identical with the last species, but the cells are nearer
together.
Genus, PUSTULIPORA—-Blainville.
Zoarium ramose, branches cylindrical, clavate or terete ; composed
of tubular cells, which open on all sides of the branch.
P. parasitica, Busk, loc. cit., p. 21. p. xvii, f 1-2. Zoarium
about a quarter inch high, usually formed of one to three branches,
short and truncate; cells, usually deeply immersed, and very slightly
prominent, except in very young specimens ; colour, brown, with white
spots.
Bass Straits.
Always parasitic upon a species of Catenzcella.
P. haastiana, Svolicska, Reise d. Novara, Pale., p. 102, pl. xvii.,
f. 4-5. Branches erect, close, asastomosing, in thick masses with the
ends truncated to the same spherical surface ; sub-cylindrical ; cells dis-
‘tant, marked with longitudinal lines; mouth slightly prominent, re-
curved, sub-orbicula, margin thickened ; white.
Common.
198 TUBULIPORID&.
P. purpurascens, Hutton, Trans. N.Z. Inst., ix., p. 361.
Irregularly branched; branches spreading, slender; cells numerous,
granular ; mouths projecting, recurved, slightly contracted ; purplish.
P. porcellanica, Mutton, C.M.M., ~. 102. Branches slender,
spreading, smooth ; cells rather distant, wholly immersed, orifice sub-
orbicular, neither raised or margined ;_ branches cylindrical, sometimes
anastomosing.
In fresh specimens the surface is coarsely pitted and the orifice
slightly raised.
Lyall Bay. Australia.
Genus, CINCTIPORA—Hutton.
Zoarium erect, ramose ; branches dichotomous or irregularly divided,
free, cylindrical ; cells immersed ; mouths attached to the stem and to
one another, forming circles round it; cell walls thin, punctured in-
ternally.
New Zealand only.
C. elegans, Hutton, CM.M., p. 103: Cells arranged quin-
cuncially, minutely granular, the septum between two cells prolonged
upwards into a narrow rib running up the centre of the tube in the row
above ;_ white.
FAMILY—TUBULIPORID.
Zoarium depressed, or massive, adnate, orbiculated, or lobed.
Genus, TUBULIPORA—Lamark.
Zoarium adnate or decumbent; entire or divided into lobes or
branches ; cells partially free and ascending, radiating from an eccentric
point.
T. glomerata, Hutton, CALM, p. 103. Encrusting, irregular,
wart-shaped, thick ; tubes crowded, irregularly placed.
Perhaps identical with 7. fungia Couch., from Europe.
Genus, ALECTO—Lamouroux.
Zoarium adnate, creeping, irregularly branched ; cells in single series
or disposed in more or less irregular transverse rows.
A. racemosa, Hutton, C.:M.M., p. 103. Large, branched ; cells
in clusters of from two to ten together, irregularly placed.
A. disposita, Hutton, C.M.M., p 103. Slightly branched, irre-
gular ; cells prominent, arranged in parallel rows ; margin defined.
DISCOPORELLID&. 199
FAMILY—DISCOPORELLID/.
Zoarium discoid, sometimes confluent, adnate or stipitate. Cells
distinct or closely connate, intermediate surface cancellated or porous.
Genus, DISCOPORELLA—Gray.
Zoarium sessile or adnate ; discoid, centre usually elevated or sub-
conical, rarely depressed ; cells, horizontal, usually disposed in lines
radiating from the centre, sometimes irregular.
D. ciliata, Busk, 1c, p. 31, pl. xxx., f 6. Discoid; cells uni-
serial, 4-6 in each row; diameter of mouth less than that of the inter-
stitial cancelli; peristome, much produced on one side, nearly vertical,
divided into several (2-4) long, acute, slender spines.
Cape of Good Hope.
D. novee-zealandie, Busk, loc. cit., p. 32, pl. xxx., f. 2. Dis-
coid, cupped; cells, tubular, projecting, connate in uni-serial radii ;
peristome bifid ; central area (unoccupied by cells) depressed ; cancelli,
large, becoming smaller towards the periphery.
On Catenicella. (Dr. Lyall.) S. Australia.
Genus, DEFRANCEIA—D’Orbigny~.
Zoarium stipitate; capitulum cupped; cells disposed in elevated
rays extending to the margin of the cup; central portion of cup and
interserial spaces cancellate ; outer surface of capitulum and stem pitted
or smooth. i
D. dentata, ution; T. stellata, C.M.M., p. 103, not of Busk.
Capitulum broadly expanded, lobed, and curled; cells in elevated
branching rows, which form a denticulated margin to the lobes ; mouths
slender, erect, rather closer towards the margin, but ceasing altogether
before reaching it.
Stewart Island.
* The name of this genus is too much like Defranchia (Millet. )
f . eh aah ’
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a ait! yi ut) ti alti) went i uy a“ fyi Pe a iting .
oie), etl ae Ms bye Buenas ny : ee ul’ itt 4 Lean a:
Pay oe = a i : te
pe ae o : “POGOe ‘° 3
\ f 4 ae nt ‘Neen RN ne iF li ss atten hy Bee at Aas i)
a i. ‘ mise? anon eee tase PROS ear iy) lege ie
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4 i. ail inl Te Liat eM wey TM Rie a fee be pu eae ap Ann i
™ a ih 5: cg Sy il me Hai noi Kae CA iki sre beta i pals eae i
ee al B ‘AU ATG: mee Hey lain Poe alsa ee an
| hoe ii fh sth et ey id wheat dda ee viydag et Taya) 1
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a 7 , ; Le Mit ot aa lp : Ware ny Peas ak al iy ad! uf ie ok Pee bei a Ee i a —
‘ = eK i a my! - qk yst Mats sp en at he aie 2 bilarfiat sipetai tay ; :
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| a ! ' if ra Wea rh b an cf ; \ fl Vs si D - 7 jf af - 7 Jee? 7 iy By
ste 7 i nes ya i 7 ra i ah Ke ah ai ie * re Vy ¥ i tae tah a
«i nin lek Se a Peaks % fyi oN eee Mey De an ea yy
Be beat gH VHS SMR Oh yy) we Wii him eR ere a diyy ah \ ails RUN
SO: Bas cate rs hye ITH, nee wits hi i a, he fk) nrale :
he ep) ath AY iad) sin + oh i ee 1 ‘cn 4 eter ff
a ie ibe nF ae | - “nie HEWOW, Tends
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ai ore bs Oe? | sh te! hd aia tain Sano my we a
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in 5 i ia ie a ay ot yF i ‘ tev oa
Ua ves ef a 5 pid pe ; :
al : 1h Dh iN y iP t ; ‘ % ral
(Pn) Wea Raye ng y < can . ;
Bere Ae Nh cali) ee Te
an, BK VPs in i: ec
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7 ar i d . a!
ay ve : ns eee ly oe tight! .) " Lae
APPENDIX.
A.
REMARKS BY DR. v. MARTENS ON SOME SHELLS SENT TO THE ROYAL
ZOOLOGICAL MusEuM, BERLIN*.
kuthria lineolata, from the Auckland Islands, is the same that I
have named Z. Zineata, var. pertinax, on account of the transverse ribs
persisting into the penultimate whorl.
Risella, from Auckland, is 2. xaxa, Lamark.
Scalaria lineolata, Kiener. Not “ineolata, but perhaps it may be
S. tenutlirata, Sow. ; Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 118.
Diloma gaimardi, Phil. I suppose that this is Z7ochus sulcatus,
Wood, ind. test. supp., f. 40, and perhaps also 7% dugubris, Gmelin ;
Chenu, Conch. cab., vol. -v., f. 1571, but I doubt very much its being
Tr. cingulatus, Quoy and Gaimard, which is the same as gaimardt,
Philippi.
Trochus pupillus, Gould, is very interesting to me; it appears to
prove that Gould was right in giving New Zealand as the locality for
his species, and that the shells from N.W. America, taken for it by
several authors, is another species.
Patella magellanica, from Campbell Island. I do not think that
this shell can be united with magel/anica ; it is P. Zuctuosa, Gould.
Nacella cantharus, from Dunedin. Not that species, but probably
some variety of vadzans, Gml.
Lima squamosa, Lam., from Foveaux Straits. The exotic species
allied to the European Z. sgwamosa, are in much confusion, and I dare
not pronounce a definite opinion concerning them ; but I cannot think
that the New Zealand shell is sgwamosa, and I would name it sf. afinis,
sguamos@, until further elucidation, which will necessitate a thorough
examination of the Red Sea and East Indian specimens.
* These remarks were received too late to incorporate with the text.—F.W.H.
202 APPENDIX.
Mytilus dunkert, from Auckland and Campbell Islands. Probably
not dunkert, but, in my opinion, chorws Molina, which comes from
Chili, and therefore another Austral. circumpolar species.
Modiola securis, Lam (?) Dunedin, brackish water. May be a
variety of Mytlus ater, Zelebor; the difference in the shape is not
great. Modiola securis,is quite a doubtful species, which cannot be
made out but by the examination of the original specimen.
B.
Since the manuscript of this catalogue was sent to press, the Otago
Museum has received from Mr. J. Brazier of Sydney, and from Mr. W.
Legrand of Hobart Town, valuable collections of Australian and
Tasmanian marine shells; and from Captain Beddome and Mr.
Petterd equally valuable collections of land and freshwater shells.
I have compared Australian and New Zealand specimens of the
following, and can find no specific difference between them: /odytropa
succincta, Polytropa striata, Tritonium australis, Tritontum spengtert,
Tritonium oleartum, Ranella leucostoma, Ranella vexillum, Cassis pyrum,
Cassts achatina, Littorina caerulescens, Nerita atrata, Bankivia varians,
Lepidopleurus longicymbus, Bullina lineata, [ucina divaricata (with
Tasmanian specimens,) and Jodiola australis.
Patula coma. ‘This species is quite distinct from 7. dzemenensts.
Amphibola quoyana. This is certainly not an Amphibola. It is
properly called Ampullarina by Australian Conchologists.
Gadinia nivea. This may be the same as G. conica, Angas (P.Z.S.
1867, p.115,) for specimens received from Mr. Brazier shew that it is
not always so conical as represented by Mr. Angas.
Trophon paive. In New Zealand specimens the spiral ribs are
further apart.
Voluta kaupit, Dunker. Mal. Bl. x., 1863, p. 145; Novitates, t.
22), fi kaa)
Hab. New Zealand (?)
I have seen no description of this shell.
Erato lactea. This may be the same as Marginella muscaria, but it
is paler in colour.
Littortna luctuosa. Mr. Tenison-Woods considers that this species
is identical with Z. cncta.
Patella magellanica. 1 have compared this with specimens in the
Otago Museum from Kerguelen Island: they are very different. Dr.
Kidder considers that the Kerguelen Island species is P. magellanica.
If he is right, Reeve’s figure and description must be very inacurate.
APPENDIX. 203
_ Anatina tasmanica. New Zealand specimens are higher in propor-
tion to the length, than those from Tasmania.
Tellina deltotdalts. In Australian specimens there is in the left
valve a posterior lateral tooth, which is absent in New Zealand speci-
mens. Also in Australian specimens the anterior cardinal tooth of the
left valve is not much broader than the posterior, and in the right valve
the anterior cardinal is obsolete; while in New Zeatand specimens the
anterior cardinal of the left valve is much broader than the posterior,
and the anterior of the right valve is distinct, although small. In
Australian specimens also the posterior dorsal margin is not so rounded
as in New Zealand specimens, and the anterior dorsal margin is flat,
instead of being concave. These differences are quite enough to
separate the two species.
Artemis subrosea. Specimens have been sent from Tasmania by
Mr. Legrand. After careful comparison I can see no difference. In
A. japonica, according to Reeve, the area of the ligament is more
widely excavated, and the striz incline to become lamellated at the
sides.
Callista multistriata. Our species differs from that of Tasmania in
being proportionately longer, and in the shell being much thinner.
Specimens of C. dzsrupta, from Queensland and from N.S. Wales, are
in the Museum. It is quite distinct.
Mytilicardia excavata. A comparison with a specimen from Port
Jackson shews that New Zealand specimens are not so deeply sinuated
below; the anterior ribs are more numerous, and the posterior ribs
never seem to have the large scales found in Australian specimens ; but
I have only seen rubbed shells. It may be the same as JZ. tasmanica
(Tenison-Woods,) published in the Pro. Royal Society of Tasmania,
¥O75. p. LOL.
Barbatia pusilla. This appears to be distinct from 4. donactformis,
as pointed out by Reeve. Dr. v. Martens is, I think, right in regarding
our species as 4. donaciformts. I have compared a valve with a
specimen of B. puszl/a, from Port Jackson.
Pecten australis. ‘The ribbing on New Zealand specimens is finer
than on those from Australia ; but the difference is hardly sufficient to
constitute another species.
FE. W. Hi:
[ait ee ae af a ' “ue 1 :
7 ri a % fs . i vy, a, iT eRe ry 7 7 a i . i | 1
| ig a a Bev autay ollie a
| oof FATBOY me wiiyegbeely oman =
; ba ae acs eM aE an Aveo Fw — iy
ehisis eilaled i Abu aahtenenbtie of ule ha ie
Pe fom iy Tia, prehely ha sesmemet's ih vial “SS Setty es aa
Ber teayl od (1%. ie: Nii Naas Pui: Viinioah, Se Wis
RAB amsisiNei)6 hi eneanaNaIOA, Alivive os Aru TG a ofvtliie" ‘al a a
| OA ae aa ‘quistte TaBAtd, Kaye ghayiny: ah at ele iy Ei ett: eae”
Rr Oh ei da sioilily Janballh eieavinw: aula AA Yow aio eh, oe Ae
a es ae it thy ot ND) Uure (nasil stale) att ligivley seein) sed naleteo ky
Bea vt Boat tigadt (biol silconre, 9/(h brill hrnanilery)) Sdoli>’ vat) Been
i) at paieins. aie rei ayia iF, ely R05. ‘yn’, ‘jue. gti
ae - >». 1c > ae ae aa 2 va ie ia De Rak, eae a y
‘elas gsi sedlinnalhe ACen. Aaa vnd ee, Ve ae
| “ee tein eaatyrteya; aia Nc ba
W A
eat, in ron Lyn SHAR Ne
Oh i Hoa ith ne a baleen Nahi 7
mt tae: i Cito agohe)) GeGE Pia : a hes lo
» ah ont Me na J
be Wis ‘inva CaM 2 hi ;
i. ted A Pigs cate), eshte Pe eae
IG ca! i a i 909) Hynes (Miwa he gy aa
" Ds ed kalba te ay * aa ‘e smal oe deat a) “idea ge oe
a Bae laiesth rust eign "Hite gt ip src RRNA a a :
sl POE Via. GA HN Hyatt Wav jit HiCaNe MOND
| sie te am ie TL een, Meat Meese “atl;
idl} Appvingoy ar tO oe art STO sagt! ony “eral (AS tee i
pati vind Raa Renn a) aie YES tafe ie hn idles ve mae
oo Pia aca tephra, Oe All, aiteliaiag, TAR ae 4
em) We) iy ae sis Firs» Lagi i ee Gun ‘(Re
ieee: aFa ay Act dha ssh haa wry (Qs NOs
if th ah) 7 |
GS Sen eco ae a
oe od Mott nih AVANT a (es oa i
mutitg had Pi wei Gili “a
Fs bub badd awd H AlsHiGiih o Wiedlt nora i 3 ;
‘a oe tere cs eine r th, Selhit Bian ; = nite 8
i i ay we win ip Wa on i. hy ph ina “¢ ie a i
; [ —_ pie, =. Ay, iy ’ Hi? ong = ea zi :
- eon tg bs A, cee! peice ie ah Soi |
; a ee eX eas MO 1 oe tl ae a
IND EX,
SYNONYMS ARE PRINTED IN ITALICS.
Acanthochites
Acanthodoris
Acanthopleura
acclivis (Triton)
achatina (Cassis)
Achatinidee
acinaces (Zenatia)
acinosus ( Trochus )
Aclesia
Acmea
Acmeade ...
Actzonidee
aculeata (Crypta )
aculeata Cr rtay
Acus ;
acuta ( Siphonari Tab)
adamsianus (Tralia) ...
adusta (Corbula)
zmula (Drillia)
AHolidee
/Kolidinze
zquilateralis (Mactra)
zereus (Chiton)
Aitea
aethiops (Diloma)
affinis (Hyalea)
affinis (Patella)
affinis (Psammobia) ...
agglutinans (Cellepora)
Ailobranchiata
Akera 3 aie
alata (Catenicella) 204
alba (Tellina)
albescens (Marginella)
albicans (Siphonaria)
albida (Chamostrza)...
albisulcata (Ancillaria)
albula (Pleurotoma)
albus (Buccinulus)
Alecto
alectus (Anomia)
alpha (Helix)
alternata (Cerithidea)
amabilis (Cardita)
ambiguus (‘Trophon)
Ameria ws a
Amphibola ...
mace
PAGE.
LNT
Amphibolidee
Amphidoxa
ampliata (Cellepora) _
ampullacera (Cancellaria)
Anatina
Anatinide ...
Ancillaria
Ancillidee
Ancyline
angasi (Murex)
angasi (Philine)
angasi (Triphoris)
angela (Lepralia)
anguiculus (Patula) ...
angulata (Lima)
angulatum (Monodonta,)
Anomia Bee
Anomide ...
Anthora "
antarctica (Euthria) . in
antarctica (Teredo) ...
Anthobranchiata _...
antipoda (Bythinella)
antipoda (Helix)
antipoda (Margarita)
antipodarum (Janella)
antipodea (Physa)
antipodum (Milax) -
antipodum (Patella)
antipodum (Placostylus)
antipodum (Pleurotoma)
anus ( Artemis) -
aplinii (Plumatella) —-
Aplysia - -
Aplysiide -
Aplustride . -
Aporrhaide - -
arabica ( Voluta )
araucanus ( Turbo)
Arcacea -
Arcide - -
Arcine -
artica (Saaniedea|
areolata (Lepralia)
areolata (Modiola) -
argentea (Patella)
Argonauta
206
Argonautide — -
argus ( Ranella ) -
argyropsis (ener) -
Arion - -
Arionidee E -
armata (Muscaria) -
Articulata - -
Arteminz - -
Artemis - -
Aspidobr peehats -
Assiminea - -
Assiminide -
Astartide - =
Astralinee - =
ater (Mytilus) - _— -
atrata (Nerita) - -
atrata (‘Tonicia) =
attritus ( Trochus )- -
aucklandica (Helix) -
aucklandica (Unio) -
Auriculidee - -
auris-bovine (Bulimus) -
aurita (Catenicella) -
australis (Ancillaria) — -
australis (Artemis) -
australis (Bulla) -
australis (Cardita) =
australis (Carinaria) — -
australis (Cerithidea) -
australis (Emarginula) -
australis (Haliotis) -
australis (Hipponyx) — -
australis (Lunatia) -
australis (Modiola) -
australis (Ophicardelus)
australis (Parmophorus)
australis (Pecten) -
australis (Saxicava) -
australis (Siliquaria) —-
australis (Siphonaria)
australis (Solenella) -
australis (Spirula) -
australis (Struthiolaria)
australis (Tritonium) — -
australis (Trivia) =
australis ( Venus) -
avellana (Amphibola) — -
Avicula - =
Aviculidee - -
badia (Bythinella) -
betica (Pleuwrotoma) -
Bankivia - -
barbata (Marearetta) -
Barbatia -
barbulata (Helix) -
Barleeia a
Barnea -
barthngii (Onychoteuthis)
Basommatophora .
Beania -
bellula (Crassatella) — -
INDEX.
PAGE,
2 pbellus (Euchelus) -
- 65 beta (Helix) - -
- 108 __ bicarinata (Cerithidea) -
- 26s Bicellaria -
- 26 _ Bicellariidee : -
- 186 _ bicineta (Euthria) -
- 176 bicolor (Cerithium) -
- 149 biconica (Polytropa) — -
- 149 _ biconcava (Patula)
89 bicornis (Calwellia) -
40 biforis (Lepralia)
- 40 bilineata (Sepioteuthis) -
- 158 bimaculata (Cardita)
167, 202
- 89, 202
Merny
Sie LOG
-171, 203
Re
- 86
HAP EY
biramosa (Plaxiphora) -
bispinata (Cellepora) — -
bitentaculata (Janella) -
Bittium - - -
blainvillii (Farciminaria)
boryi (Caberea) - -
Bouchardia - -
bovinus (Placostylus) — -
Brachiopoda — - :
Branchiata -
brevis (Myodora ) -
brunnzea (Aplysia) -
brunnzea (Membranipora)
buccinella (Helix) -
Buccinidee - -
Buecinulus - =
buchanani (Pleurotoma)
Bugula - - -
Buliminee -
Bulla” - - -
Bullidee - - -
Bullina - -
busbyi (Par evalua -
buskiana (Diachoris) — -
busku (Menipea)
Bythinella - -
Caberea - - -
Cabereidz - -
Cecella - - -
celatus (Acanthopleura)
ceerulescens (Littorina) -
Calear - - -
calcarea ( Venus) -
caliginosa (Terebra)
Callista - - -
Calwellia = -
Calyptride - -
canaliculatus (Lepidopleurus)
canaliculatus (Mytilus) -
canaliculus (Mytilus) -
Cancellaria -
Cancellariide — - =
cancellata (Daphnella) -
cancer (Lepralia) -
cancer (Siphonaria) -
candida (Murex) -
Cantharidus - =
cantharus (Acmza) -
- 79, 202
INDEX. 207
PAGE PAGE.
Capsella - - - - 144 = clathrata (Trichotropis) - 69
Capulidee - = - 87. cleryi (Typhis) - - - 47
caput-spinule (ele) - - 23s coccinella (Trivia) - - 67
Carbasea - - 187 ~—collyrulla ( Helix) - - Z
Cardiidze - - - 153. ~=Columbella - - - 61
Cardita - - - - 158 ~Collumbelline - - - 60
Cardium- - - - 153 coma (Patula) - - - 8, 202
Carinaria - - - 118 Cominella - - - 53
carinata (Catenicella) - - 182 commodus (Melampus) - - 32
carinata (Doris) - - - 128 communis (Janthina) - - 71
earinella (Realia) - - 39 compressivoluta (Helix) - - 10
cariniferus (Vermetus) - - 85 concentricus (Chiton) - - 111
carpenteri (Artemis) - - 150 —_ concinna (Leda) - - 165
Cassididee - - - 65 concolor (Diloma) - 96
Cassis - - - - 66 conella (Helix) - = 17
castanea (Nucula) - - 164 — conica (‘Thalotia) - - 97
Catenicella - - - 180 Conide - = = = 41
Catenicellide - = - 180 constricta ( Trochocochlea ) - i
catlowe (Corbula) - - 135 — contorta (Crypta) - - 87
caudata (Neptune) - - 50 contractus (Lepidopleurus) - 113
celinde (Patula) - - - 6 conveaus ( Pecten) - - ily/ll
Cellaria cereoides - - 196 Conus - - - - 41
Cellepora - - - 193 cookii (Calear) - - - 92
Celleporidee - - - 193. Corbula - - - - 135
Cellularia - - - 182. Corbulidz - - - 135
Cellularide — - - - 182 cordiformis (Pinnoctopus) - 2
cellulosa (Retepora) — - - 195 coresia (Paryphanta) - - 24
Cephalopoda — - - - 1 corinna (Planorbis) - - 32
cereoides (Margaretta) - . 196 Coriocella - - - 59
Cerithidea - - - i coronatum (Trophon) - - 49
Cerithiidee - . - 73 corneo-fulva (Hyalina) - 12
Chetopleura — - - - 115 ~~ corniculwm ( Helix) - - 9
Chamostrea = : 137. cornuta (Catinicella) — - - 181
chathamensis (eaihoralt - 94 cornuta (Dimetopia) — - - 189
chathamensis (Eulima) - - 73 corolla (Potamopyrgus) - 83
cheesemani (Drillia) — - - 44 _corosa (Diloma) . - 96
Cheilostomata - - - 179 ~=corrugatum (Chlorostoma) - 97
chiloensis (Ostrea) - - 175 corticata (Nassa) - - 55
Chemnitzia - - 2 72 corticata (Acmea) - - 89
chemnitzii (M ee) - : 145 —_corticata (Tonicia) - - 115
Chione - - - 147 ~—corticatus (Fusus) - - 49
chiron (Paryphanta) - 2 23 costata (Chione) - - 148
Chiton - - - lll = costata (Crypta) - - 87
Chitonidee - - - 110 = costatum (Buccinum) — - - 54
Chitoninz - - - 110 ~_ costellaris (Tralia) - EB 31
Chlorostoma — - - - 97 crassa (Venus) - - : 148
choava (Columbella) — - - 61 Crassatella - - - 158
‘chordata (Diplommatina) - 38 crassicostata (Venus) - - 148
chordata (Patula) - - 5 crebra (Venus) - - - 147
chorus (Mytilus) - - 202 ~~ crebricostata (Siphonaria) - 36
ciliata (Mopalia) - - 116 crebriflammis (Earypuanis) - 24
ciliata (Discoporella) — - - 199 Crenella - - . 167
ciliata (Hydrobia) - = 3 Crenellinz - - - 167
ciliata (Lepralia) - = 191 = crenuiata (Struthiolaria) - 68
cincta (Littorina) - - 7 cretaceus (Fusus) = - 48
Cinctipora = Z = 198 cribraria (Catenicella) - - 180
cinctum (Bittium) - - 74 Crisia - - - - 195
cingulatus (Trochus) — - - 96 Crisiide - - - 195
cireumvallatus (Lepidopleurus - 113. crossei (Hydrobia) - - 3
cirrata (Menipea) : = 182. cruenta (Terebratella) - - 176
Cladopoda - - - 85 —_ cruenta (Haliotis) - - 105
Clanculus : : = 94 Crypta - - adh 87
Dill
208
Cryptoconchus -
Cryptoplacine - -
erystallina (Emma) -
Ctenobranchiata -
cumingiana (Paludestrina)
cumingiana (Zenatia) -
cumingli (Bouchardia) -
cumingii (Neilo) -
cumingii (Physa) -
cunninghami (Zizyphinus)
cuspidata (Cellularia) -
cuticulifera (Haminea) -
cyathiformis (Carbasea)-
cycladitormis (Hrycina)
cycladiformis (Kellia) -
Cyclobranchiata -
Cyclophoridee -
Cyclophorus - - -
cyclops (Membranipora)
Cyclostomata — - :
Cylichna a de
Cylichnidee - :
Cypreea - -
Cypreeidee - -
Cyprinacea -
Cyrenidee - :
cytzum (Anomia) 5
cytora (Clyclophorus) — -
Daphnella - -
Daudebardia — - -
davisii (Calear) - -
Decapoda - :
decidua (Patula) -
decora (Patella) -
decoratus (Latirus) -
decussata (Barbatia) — -
Defranchia - -
Defrancheia - -
deltoidalis (Tellina) -
deluta (Mactra) -
Dentahide - -
Dentalium - -
dentata (Bugula) -
dentata (Defranceia) — -
denticulata (Patella) — -
denticulata ( Venus) -
deshayesii (Zenatia) —-
Diachoris - -
diaphanus (Trochus) — -
dieffenbachii (Pecten) — -
dieffenbachii (Venus) — -
diemenensis (Helix) -
diemenensis (Littorina) -
difficilis (Cardita) -
dilatata (Aétea) -
dilatata (Neptuna) -
dilatatus (Elenchus) — -
Diloma - - -
Dimetopia - -
dimidiata (Vitrina) =
dimorpha (Patula) =
INDEX.
PAGE.
- 118 —_Diplodonta - -
- 116 Diplommatina -
- 183 discoidea (Ostrea) -
- 41 Discoporella — - -
83 Discoporellidee -
140 _~— discors (Crenella) -
= 178 discors (Mactra) -
- 166 ~~ disculus (Tellina) -
- 31 disposita (Alecto) -
- 98 disrupta (Callista) -
- 182. distorta (Saxicava) -
- 122. divaricata (Lucina) -
= 187 ~—Dolhiidee : =
159 ~=Dolium - - -
- 157 ~=donaciformis (Arca) — -
- 107 = donaciformis (Mactra) -
- 3 Dorididee - -
: oi) Doris) = - -
- 190 Drillia - -
= 195 dubius (Trophon) =
= 120. = dunkeri ( Mytilus) :
es 120 = dunniz (Helix) -
- 66 duodecimus (Trophon) -
66
153 earlii (Patella), Reeve -
- 154 earli (Patella), Hutton -
- 174 ~~ edulis (Mytilus) -
37 edulis (Ostrea) -
edwardsiana (Crisia) — -
- 45 egea (Realia) — - -
- 12. egena (Bythinella) -
- 92 egena (Monilea) -
- 2 egesta (Patula) -
6 Egelisia - - -
- 108 Hlasmatna - -
- 60 elegans (Catenicella) — -
: 162 elegans (Cinctipora) — -
- 45 elegans (Polydonta) -
- 199 ~~ elegans ( T'rochus) -
-143, 203 — elegans (Tugalia) -
- 139 elegans (Venerupis) — -
- 130. Elenchus - -
103. elongata (Mactra) -
= 186 elongata (Standella) -
- 199 elongata ( Voluta) -
- 109 emarginatus (Milax) = -
- 148 Emarginula - -
- 140 Emma - - -
- 188 empleurus (Lepidopleurus)
- 98 cos (Murex) - -
- 170 episcopalis (Carbasea) -
- 148 ~~ episcopus (Cantharidus)
- 8 epsilon (Paryphanta) — -
- 79 Erato - - -
: 159 — erigone (Helix) -
E 184 erythrodon (Corbula) -
: 50. Eschara - - -
- 101 Escharidee -
- 95 eta (Patula) -
- 189 Euchelus -
- 12 Kulima - - -
- 6 Kulmide -
139
125
125
43
49
202
16
Euthria - - -
evansii (Magas) -
excavata (Mytilicardia)
excavata (Trochocochlea)
exigua (Janthina) -
exigua (Siphonaria) -
exilis (Bittium) - -
fabagella (Tapes) -
fairchildi (Hemeschara)-
Farciminaria- -
Farciminaride - -
farciminoides (Salicornaria)
fasciata (Rissoina) -
Fasciolarude — - -
fastidiosa (Leda) -
fatua (Helix) - -
Jibratus (Bulimus)
filholi (Marinula) -
Firolide -
fischeri (Bythinella) — -
Fissurella - -
Fissurellidee - -
flammeus (Pectunculus)-
jflammigera (Helix) -
flammulata (Barleeia) -
Flammulina - -
flava (Patella) - -
flexuosa (Eschara)
flexuosa (Patella) -
flexuosa (Pyrene) -
jloccata (Patella
Flustra - = -
Flustridee - -
fluviatilis (Modiola) -
foliacea (Retihornera) -
Fossarina - -
fragilis (Acmzea)-
Sragilis (Lottia) -
fulminata (Margarita) -
fulminata (Turritella) -
Sulvo-labris (Trochus) -
funerea (Cominella) -
fusiformis (Tritonium) -
Fusine - - -
Fusus” - - -
fueata (Avicula) =
fusus (Voluta) - -
Gadinia - - -
Gadiniudee - -
gaimardi (Diloma) -
galactites (Tapes) =
gamma (Patula)- -
Gasteropoda — - -
Gemellarude — - -
geminata (Catenicella) -
gemmulatus (Pecten) -
gemmulatus (Triphoris
gibba (Haliotis) =
gibbosa (Chione) -
gibbosa (Physa) -
Gibbula
INDEX.
giebeliana (Idmonea) — -
gigas (Struthiolaria) -
glabra (Avicula) -
glabrella (‘Tellina) -
glabriuscula (Paryphanta)
glandiforme (Buccinum)
glaucus (Aclesia) -
glaucus (Chiton) -
globosa (Acanthodoris)
globularis (Diplodonta) -
glomerata (Ostrea) -
glomerata (Tubulipora) -
Glycimeridee —- -
gouldiana (Retihornera)
gracilis (Amnicola) -
gracilis (Voluta) .
granatum (Zizyphinus) -
grandis (Lepralia) -
granosus (Turbo) -
granulosa (Doris) -
granum (Helix) -
grayanus (Pectunculus)-
grayi (Artemis) - -
grayi (Nucula) - -
greenwoodi (Helix) -
gruneri (Lithodomus) = -
guttula (Helix) -
guyonensis (Physa)
Gymnolemata -
haastiana (Corbula) -
haastiana (Pustulipora)
Halhotide - -
Haliotis - -
Halophila - -
Hamiglossa - -
Haminea -
hastata (Catenicella)
haustrum (Purpura)
hectori (Diloma) -
heldiana (Helix)
Helicellinze - -
Helicidee -
Helicinee - -
Helix - - -
Hemeschara — - -
Heteromya - -
Heteropoda - -
Hipponyx - -
hirsuta (Onchophora) — -
hochstetteri (Paryphanta)
hochstetteri (Physa) -
hochstetteri (Realia) — -
hochstetteri (Unio) -
Holostomata — - -
hookeri (Acanthochites) -
Hornera - - -
huttonii (Cantharidus) -
huttoni (Cominella) -
Hyalea - - -
Hyalide - - -
Hyalina - - -
210
hyalina (Lepralia)
Hydrobia
Hydrocena
hypopolia (Patula)
ianthina (Helix)
ide (Patula)
Idmonea-
Idmoneide
igniflua (Helix)
imbricata (Patella)
impacta (Crenella)
imperialis (Calcar)
impolita (Barleeia)
incerta (Soletellina)
incisus /Trophon)
incommodus (Arion)
inconspicua (Gibbula)
inconspicua (Patella)
inconspicua (Terebratula)
ineulta ( Lucina )
inculta (Siphonaria)
indivisa (Carbasea)
inermis (Diachoris)
inermis (Struthiolaria) .
infecta (Helia: )
inferus (Trophon)
inflata (Mactra)
inornata (Trichotropis) .
insculptus (Chiton)
insignis (Venerupis)
Integropalliata .
intermedia (‘Tapes)
iodostoma (Ricinula)
ione (Placunanomia)
10ta (Patula)
iricolor (Janthina)
iris (Cantharidus)
tris (Hlenchus)
iris (Haliotis)
irradiata (Helix)
ivrorata (Onchidella)
isabella (Gouldia)
Isomya
Janella
Janellidee
Janthina
Janthinide
japonica (Lima)
jeffreysiana (Paryphanta)
Johnstoniz (Holophila)
jucundus (Cantharidus)
kappa (Patula)
kaupii (Voluta)
Kellia -
kielmanseggi (Risella)
kirki (Acus)
kirki (Buccinulus)
kirki (Cerithium
kirki (Voluta)
kivi (Helix)
l.onophora
K rausstia
)
INDEX.
Lachesis - -
lactea (Cominella) -
lactea (Erato) - <
lactea (Lucina) -
lactea (Odostomia) -
lactea (Tellina) Gray — -
lactea (Tellina) Q. and G.
levis (Drillia) - -
levis (Litwus) - -
lamarkiana (Kraussia) -
lajonkairii (Turbo) :
lambata (Artemis) -
lambda (Patula) -
Lamellariidee — - -
lamellata (Chione) -
Lamellibranchiata -
lamellosum (Siphonium)
lanceolata (Lutraria) -
lanuginata (Doris) -
Laoma - - -
Laseidee - - -
lata (Caberea) - -
lata (Mesodesma) -
lateralis (Latia) - -
Latia - - -
laticostatus (Pectunculus)
laticostatus (Vola) -
Latirus - - -
latus (Mytilus) - -
Leda - - -
Ledidee - - -
leimonias (Laoma) .
lenticula (Spheerium) -
lenticularis (Waldheimia)
Lepidopleurus - -
Lepralia - -
lessoniana (Sepioteuthis)
Leuconia - -
leucostoma (Ranella) -
lichenoides (Eschara) -
lignarius (Cyclophorus) -
Lima - - -
lima (Chione) — - -
Limacidee - -
Limax - - -
Limneidee - -
Limnzinze - -
linea (Fusus) - -
lineata (Bullina) -
lineata (Euthria)
lineata (Membranipora)
lineolata (Cominella) — -
lineolata (Scalaria) — -
lineolata (Pollia)
lineolata (Psammobia) -
lineolata (Tonicia) :
lintea ( Tellina ) -
lirata (Physa) - :
Lithodomine = - 2
Lithodomus - 2
Littorina - -
Littorinidee . 2
é 5D
- 63, 202
oie 56
- 73
: 51
120, 202
- 51, 201
SH 190
- 53
littorinoides (Euthria) -
Loligide
longicauda (Phidiana) -
longicymbus (Lepidopleurus) 113,
longula (Doris)
Lophophea
Lucapina
lueasi ( Venus)
Lucina -
Lucinacea
Lucinide
luctuosa (Littorina)
luctuosa (Patella)
lugubris (Trochus)
Lunatia -
lurida (Cominella)
lutaria (Ostrea)
Lutrariine
lutea (Cardita)
lutea (Philippia)
lutulentum (Cerithium)
luteo-fasciata (Defranchia)
lutulentus (Unio)
lyallii (Lepralia)
Lyonsia
lyra (Sealaria)
Mactra -
Mactridz
Mactrine
maculata (Cominella)
maculata (Trochita)
maculosa (Purpura)
Magas_ -
magellanica (Diachoris)-
magellanica (Patella)
magellanicus (Mytilus) -
magnilabris (Membranipora) -
major (Sepioteuthis)
malusii (Lepralia)
malvinensis (Salicornaria)
mamillata (Cellepora)
mandarinus (Fusus)
mantelli (Scissurella)
maorum (Drillia)
maorum (Octopus)
Margaretta
Margarita
margaritacea (Catenicella)
margaritaria (Patella) -
Marginella
Marginellide
mariz (Nanina) -
Marinula
marmorea (Konophora) -
martensiana (Euthria)
Melampine
Melampus
Melaniidee
melanoloma (Labio)
Melanopsine
Melanopsis
107, 201, 202
INDEX.
PAGE.
52
3
129
202
125
179
105
147
155
melanostoma (Risella) -
melo (Cominella) -
membranacea (Membranipora) -
Membranipora - =
Membraniporidee -
Menipea - -
menziesii (Unio)
Mesodesma - -
mesodesma (Chione) — -
micans (Leda) - ~
Milax ~- - -
mimetica (Trochocochlea)
minimus (Cerithium)
minuta (Hiatella) -
Mitra - -
Mitridz - -
Mitrine - - -
Modiola - - -
moesta (Physa) - -
molestus (Limax) -
mollicella (Acanthodoris)
Monilea - - -
monilifera (Lucapina) -
Monomya - -
monotrypa (Cellularia) -
monoxyla (Crypta) -
monticularis (Cryptoconchus)
Mopalia - -
multicostatus (Pecten) -
mutilimbata (Helix) -
multistriata (Callista) -
murchisoni (Mactra) — -
Murex - - -
Muricidee - -
Muricinee - -
Muscaria - -
muscula (Doris) - -
Myacea - - -
Myodora - -
Mytilicardia— - -
Mytilidee - -
Mytiline - -
Mytilus - -
nana (Barleeia) -
nana (Risella) - -
Nanina - = =
Nassa_ - - -
Nassine - - =
nassvides (Cominella) -
Natica - - -
Naticide - =
Neera - - -
neo-zealandica (Vincularia)
Neptunza - -
Nerita - - -
Neritidee - -
Neritina - -
neritina (Bugula) -
neritoides (Latia) -
Neurobranchiata -
nigerrima (Diloma) -
212
nigella (Nassa) -
niger (Chlorostoma)
nigerrimus ( Trochus )
nigerrimus ( Turbo )
nigerrima (Diloma) -
nigra (Cerithidea)
nigra (Nerita) .
nigricans (Onchidella)
nigricans (Rhynchonella
nitens (Soletellina)
nitida (Gibbula)
nitida (Lepralia)
nitida (Soletellina)
nitidula (Nucula)
nivea ((Gadinia)
nobilis (Chzetopleura)
nodosa ( Argonauta )
nodosa (Neptunza)
nodosa (Venus) .
nodulosa (Struthiolar ia)
notata (Standella)
novare (Hyalina)
novie-seelandica (Pupa) .
noyve-seelandicus (Placostylus) .
nove-zealandice (Ancillaria)
nove-zealandize (Discoporella) .
nove-zealandiz (Drillia)
nove-zealandie (Littoria)
novee-zealandia (Lucina)
nove-zealandize (Mesodesma)
novee-zealandiz (Nassa)
novee-zealand iv (Pecten)
nove-zealandiz (Pisidium)
nove-zealandiz (Physa)
_ 37,
(
(
nove-zealandie (Pleurobrancheea)
(
nove-zealandie (Plicatula)
nove-zealandiz (Sphzrium)
nove-zealandiz (Thracia)
nove-zealandix (Trochita)
novo-zeelandiz (Daudebardia) .
novo-zeelandica (Tornatellina) .
novo zealandicum (Pisidium)
Nucula .
Nuculide
N melibranchintn:
Obeliscus
obesa (Crassatella)
obesa (Haminea) -
oblquata (Siphonaria)
oblonga (Bulla) .
oblonga (Venus)
obnublia (Patula)
obscura (Mitra) .
obsoleta (Leuconia)
octogonus (Murex)
Octopidee
Octopoda
Octopus .
Odostomia
Oleacinidze
olearium (Tritonium)
INDEX.
omega (Patula) .
Ommastrephes .
Omphalotropis .
Onchidella
Onchidiidee
Onchophora
Onychoteuthide
Onichoteuthis
ophelia (Helix)
Ophicardelus
ophione (Coriocella)
Opisthobranchiata
oppressa (Gibbula)
ornata (Patella) ;
ornatus (Pleurobranchus)
oryzata (Argonauta)
Ostrea
Ostreidee
ovalis (Mesodesma)
ovata (Myodora)
ovata (Standella)
ovatus (Acanthochites) .
ovatus (Pectunculus)
pacifica (Voluta)
paciticum (Dentalium)
pagoda (Turitella)
paivee (Trophon)
pallidus (Cantharidus) .
Panopiea
Paphiidee ‘
papillata (Janella)
papulosa (Struthiolaria)
papyracea (Flustra)
parasitica (Pustulipora)
parkinsoni (Solemya)
parmophoidea (‘Tugalia)
Parmophorus
Paryphanta
patagonica (Crisia)
Patella .
Patellide
patelloides (Onchidella)
patens (Polytropa)
Patula
paupercula (Chione)
paupercula (Venerupis).
Paxillus
Pecten
Pectinidee
Pectunculinee
Pectunculus .
pellis-serpentis (Chiton)
pellucida (Lepralia)
pensum (usus)
peregrina (Paxillus)
perforata (Catenicella) .
peroni (Spirula)
perspicua (Raeta)
pertusa Mare
Petricola
Petricolidee
Phidiana
Philine .
Philinide .
Philippia
phlogophora (Paryphanta)
Pholodacea :
Pholadidee
Pholadidea :
pholidota (Patella)
Phylactolemata
Physa
pica (Pecten)
pileopsis (Acmza)
pilosa (Membranipora) .
pilula (Helix)
Pinna
Pinnoctopus..
pisciformis (Carbasea)
Pisidium
Placostylus
Placunanoma .
plana (Myodora)
planatella (Callista)
Planorbine
Planorbis
platalea (Eschara)
Platyglossz
Plaxiphora :
plebeius ( Fusus )
Pleurobranchea
Pleurobranchidee
Pleurobranchus
Pleurotoma
Pleurotomidee
plicata (Rissoina)
plicata (Siphonaria)
Plicatula :
Plumatel
Plumateldee :
plunbea (Gibbuia)
pecilosticta (Helix)
polyodontes (Mytilus) .
Polyplocophora .
Polytropa
Polyzoa
porcellanica (Pustulipora)
porosus (Cryptoconchus)
porphyreticus Sana
portia (Patula)
Potamidinz
Potamopyrgus .
pottsi (Patella) .
prismatica (Bugula)
Proboscidifera
Prosobranchiata
Psammobia
Ptenoglossa
Pter opoda
pulchellum (Cardium)
Pulmonata
pumicosa (Cellepora)
punctata (Cypreea)
INDEX.
punctata (Doris)
punctata (Siphonaria)
punctulatus iy viene)
Pupa ..
pupillus (Cantharidus)
Pupine .
purchas1 (Assiminea)
Purpura
purpurata (Cardita)
purpuratus (Cantharidus)
purpuratus (T'rochus)
purpurea (Ostrea)
purpurea (Rissoina)
purpurescens (Pustulipora)
Purpurine .
pusilla (Barbatia)
pusilla (Darina)
Pustulipora - -
pyramidalis (Ancillaria)
Pyramidellidee - -
pyrum (Cassis) - -
Pythina - - -
quoyana (Amphibola) -
quoyane (Cominella) — -
quoyi (Bulla) - -
quoyi (Chiton) — - -
quoyi (Cominella) -
quoy1 (Polytropa) .
quoyi (Turbo) - =
racemosa (Alecto) -
radiata (Capsella) -
radiatus (Pecten) -
radians (Idmonea)
radians (Patella) Gmelin
radians (Patella) Reeve -
Radulidee - -
Raeta - - .
Ranella - - -
raphanus (Pusus) -
rapida (Par ypuanta) -
Realia_ - -
reclusiana ( (Blasmatina) -
redimiculum (Patella) -
redimiculum (Siphonaria)
reevei (Bythinella) .
reevei (Patella) - -
reflexa (Venerupis) -
regularis (Helix) -
reinga (Helix) - -
reniformis (Ostrea) -
Retepora - -
retiaria (Polytropa) -
reticularis (Monodonta) -
reticulata (Lepralia) —-
reticulata (Retepora) -
Retihornera
Rhachiglosse — - -
Rhagada - -
Rhynchonella - -
Rhynchonellide -
214
Rhytida - - :
Ricinula :
ringens (Catenicella) .
Risella - - -
Rissoidee - -
Rissoina - - -
roissyana (Paphies) -
rosea (Barleeia) - -
rosea (Margarita) -
rosea ( Pleurotoma ) -
rosea (Turritella) -
roseo-punctatus ( Pecten)
roseus (Obeliscus) -
roseum (Stephopoma) -
Rostrifera - 2
Rotella - - -
Rotellinz - -
rotunda (Myodora) -
rubicunda (Terebratula)
rubicundus (Turbo) -
rubiginosa (Mitra) -
rubiginosa (Patella) =
rubiginosa (‘Tonicia) -
rubra (Terebratula) -
rudis (Lepidopleurus) -
rudis (Mactra) - -
rufozona (Cantharidus) -
rugosa (Purpura) Lamarck
rugosa (Purpura) Q. & G.
rugoso-plicata (Haliotis)
rugulosa (Rissoina) -
rupestris (Purpura) -
rutilans (Nassa) -
Salicornaria - -
Salicornariide = - -
salleana (Paludestrina) -
sanguinea (Gibbula) -
sanguinea (Terebratula)
Saxicava - -
Scalaria - - -
Scalaridee - -
scalpellum (Mactra) -
Scaphopoda - -
sciadium (Helix) -
Scissurella - -
scitulus (Zizyphinus) — -
scobina (Polytropa) -
Serupariadee - -
scrupea (Scrupocellaria)
scruposa (Scrupocellaria)
scutella (Catenicella) — -
scutellum (Siphonaria) -
Scutibranchs - -
seutum (Trochita) -
selectus (Zizyphinus) — -
senticosa (Pinna) -
Sepioteuthis - -
serrata (Petricola) -
shandi (Turbo) - :
shongii (Bulimus) -
sigma (Helix) - -
INDEX.
siliqua (Soletellina) -
siliqua (Venerupis) -
Siliquaria - -
Siliquaride - -
similis (Barnea) - -
simulata (Gibbula) :
sinclairi (Cliton) -
Sinupalhata - -
sipho (Siphonaria) -
Siphonaria - -
Siphonariida — - -
Siphonostomata - -
Siphonium - -
sloani (Ommastrephes) -
smaragdinus (Mytilus) -
smaragdus (Turbo) -
solandri (Panopza)
Solariidee - -
Solemya - -
Solemyide - -
Solenella - -
solenoides (Zenatia) — -
Solatellina -
spathulata (Eholadidest
spectabilis (Zizyphinus)
spelza (Bythinella) -
spengleri (Tritonium) = -
Spherium - -
spicata (Dimetopia) -
spinosa (Siphonaria) -
spiralis (Fusus) - -
spiratum (Trophon) -
Spirula - - -
Spirulide - -
spissa (Mesodesma) -
spissa (Venus) - :
Spondylidee - -
spurca (Venus) - -
squamata (Polytropa) -
squamosa (Fissurella) — -
squamosa (Hornera) -
squamosa (Lima) -
Standella - -
stangeri (Chiton) -
stangeri (Psammobia) -
stangeri (Tellina) -
stangeri (Trophon) -
stella (Patella) - -
stellifera (Patella) -
stellularia (Patella) -
Stenopidee -
Stephopoma - -
stipulata ( Helix) -
Stomatelline = - :
stomatizeformis (Haliotis)
stowei (Anomia) -
stowei (Pythina) -
stramineus (Murex ) -
strangei (Melanopsis) — -
strangei (Nucula) -
strangei (Tellina) -
striata (Bulla) - -
- 64,
striata (Cylichna) -
striata (Diplodonta) =
striata (Hornera) -
striata (Myodora) -
striata (Polytropa) -
striatula (Emarginula) -
striatularis (Pectunculus)
striatulum (Cardium) -
striatum (Cerithium) — -
striatus (Cassis) - -
striolata (Nucula) =
stuchburyi (Chione) -
Struthiolaria = - 2
Stylommatophora -
sub-carina (Cerithidea) -
sub-fusca (Rissoina) -
sublenticularis (Tellina) -
subovata (Tellina) -
subrosea (Artemis) -
subrostrata (Trochocochlea)
subtriangulata (Mesodesma)
succincta (Polytropa) -
Succinea = 2
Succinine = e
sulcata (Cookia) :
suleata (Lachesis) -
sulcata (Nucula) -
sulcatus (Chiton) =
sulcatus (Trochus) -
swainsoni (Beania) -
symmetrica (Eglisia) — -
tabulata (Physa) -
Tenioglossa - -
Tapes” - - -
Tapesinz -
tapirina (iatdnene) -
tasmanica (Anatina) -
tau /Patula) - -
taylorii (Vanganella) — -
Tectibranchiata -
Tellina - = :
Tellinacea - -
Tellinide - -
tenebrosus (Cantharidus)
Tennysonia stellata -
tenuilirata (Scalaria) = -
tenuis (Trochita) =
terebelloides (Bittium) -
Terebratella - :
Terebratulide- -
Terebride - -
Teredo - - -
terminalis (Plaxiphora) -
tessellata (Membranipora)
tesselliata (Polytropa) -
testudinea (Cominella) -
textiliosa (Polytropa)
texturatus (Cantbaridus)
Thalassia - -
Thalotia - - -
INDEX.
PAGE.
SyeTal20
MPN sts
nip el96
= 137
-56, 202
SERIO
150, 203
: 96
146
- 56, 202
- 13
13
- 92
- 45
- 164
- 112
201
- 185
- 84
Thecosomata— -
Thracia - -
tiara (Patula) -
tiarata (Anthora)
ticaonica (Tellina)
tigris (Zizyphinus)
tomentosa (Succinea)
Tonicia - -
Tornatellina
Toxoglossa -
trailli (Cancellaria)
trailli (Newera -
trailli (Pleurotoma)
Tralia - -
tramoserica (Patella)
traversi (Neptunza)
tricarinata (Struthiolaria)
tricellata (Emma)
Trichotropide -
Trichotropis -
tridentata (iceman
tridens (Pholadidea)
tridentata (Cardita)
trifasciata (Melanopsis)
Triphoris -
tristis (Purpura)
Tritoniide -
tritonis (Anthora)
Tritonium -
Trivia - -
Trochidz =
Trochinz -
Trochita =
Trochocochlea_ -
Trophon -
truncatus (Lithodomus)
tuba (Bicellaria)
tuberculata (Anthora)
tuberculata (Argonauta)
tuberculata (Doris)
tuberculatus (Onchidoris)
tuberculosa (Argonauta )
tuberosa (Venus)
Tubulipora :
Tubuliporide — -
Tugalia - -
tullia (Patula) -
tumida (Akera) -
tumida (Ranella)
Turbo - -
Turbinine -
turgida (Purpura)
turriculata (Realia)
Turritella -
Turritellide -
Typhis - -
umbraculum (Helix)
undulatus (Turbo)
undulata (Tonicia)
undulosa (Diloma)
216
unguiformis (Crypta) -
unguis (Parmophorus) -
unguis-alme (Patella) -
ungulatus (Mytilus) — -
Ungulinidee - :
unicornis (Eschara) -
Unio - -
Unionacea - -
Unionidee
urceolata (Lepralia) -
urnula (Paryphanta) — -
valencienni (Waltonia)
Vanganella - -
variabilis (Physa) —-
varians (Bankivia) -
varicosa (Patula) .— -
variegatus (Clanculus) -
variegatum (Dolium) — -
variolosa (Lepralia) -
varius (Fossarina) =
vellicata (Lepralia)
vellicatus (Pecten) -
Veneracea - -
Veneridee - -
Venerupis - -
venosa (Aplysia) :
ventricosa (Catenicella)
ventricosa (Mesodesma)
ventricosa (Lepralia) — -
venulata (Patula) :
Venus - - -
Vermetide - -
vermis (Struthiolaria)
vestita (Omphalotropis)
vexillum (Ranella) -
Vincularia - -
Vincularidze - -
violacea (Acanthochites)
violacea ( Venus) =
virgata (Cominella) -
virginica (Ostrea) -
viridis (Anthora) -
viridis (Chiton) - -
vitrea (Lyonsia) -
vitrea (Lunatia) =
Vitrina - - :
Vitrininee - -
vittata (Euthria) 4
vittata (Marginella) — -
vittata (Turritella) -
Vola - - -
Voluta - - -
Volutide - -
Volutinz - -
Waldheimia = Be
INDEX,
PAGE
- 87 Waltonia = 2
- 106 ~—-wellingtoneusis (Doris)
- 89 wilsoni (Physa) -
167
- 155 yatei(Chione) - :
- 194
160 = zealandie (Auricula) -
160 = zealandiz (Bythinella)
160 zealandiz (Haminea)~ -
- 192 zealandiz (Helix) -
: 22 ~—s- zealandiz (Pecten) -
zealandiz (Pinna) 2 :
- 177. zealandica (Cardita) Deshayes -
- 140 zealandica (Cardita) Potiez and
- 31 Michaud” - z
101, 202 = zealandica (Cecella) -
: 7 zealandica (Chemnitzia)
- 95 zealandica (Cladopoda) -
- 65 zealandica (Corbula) — -
: 191 -zealandica (Diplodonta)
- 79 zealandica (Haliotis) -
- 193 zealandica (Lima) -
- 171 =zealandica (Margarita) -
- 146 =zealandica (Melania) -
- 146 =zealandica (Monilea) -
- 152 ~=zealandica (Natica) -
- 123 zealandica (Neptunza) -
- 180 zealandica (Neritina) -
- 145 zealandica (Panopea)— -
= 192. = zealandica (Placunanomia)
- 10 = zealandica (Pleurotoma)
- 146 ~=zealandica (Psammobia)
- 8p zealandica (Rotella) -
- 67,68 zealandica (Selbia) -
- 4) zealandica (Siphonaria )-
-65, 202 zealandica (Terebratella)
- 189 zealandica( Venus) Gray
- 189 zealandica (Venus) Q & G.
- 118 = zealandicum (Buccinum) H. & J.
- 148 —_ zealandicum (Buccinum)Reeve -
- 53 zealandicum (Dentalium)
- 175 = zealandicum ( Unbonium)
- 94 zealandicus (Acanthochites)
- 112 = zealandicus (Cantharidus)
- 136 ~~ zealandicus (Conus) -
- 72 zealandicus (Melampus)
- 11 = zealandicus (Murex) =
- 11 = zelandicus ( T'rochus) -
- 51 zebra (Columbella) =
63 zebra (Vitrina) - 2
- 84 _zelebori (Scalaria) :
- 171 = zelebori (Unio) =
- 61 Zenatia - - -
- 61 zeta(Patula) - -
- 61 —_zic-zac (Patula) - 2
Zizyphinus - -
- 176 zonalis( Psammobia) -
SYSTE
S
CATALOGUE OF
MATIC. =~ L055
OF THE
PECIES
DESCRIBED IN THE
MARINE MOLLUSCA, 1878,
WITH THE
CORRESPONDING NAMES GIVEN TO THE SAME SPECIES
IN THE PRESENT WORK.
Notre.—In the first column the
names are given in order of the former Catalogue ;
the second column shows the names adopted in this manual. When a blank
occurs, it shows that the species has been altogether dropped out of the lists.
Octopus lunulatus, Quoy.
Cephalopoda.
Pinnoctopus cordiformis, Quoy et Gaim. Pinnoctopus cordiformis.
Argonauta nodosa, Sol
Argonauta tuberculata, Shaw.
Onychoteuthis bartlingii, Le sueur. Onychoteuthis bartlingii.
Ommastrephes sloani, Gray.
Loligo australis, Gray.
Sepioteuthis lessoniana, Féruss.
oe major, Gray.
Sepia apama, Gray.
Spirula levis, Gray.
Nautilus pompilius, Lamarck.
Hyalea affinis, D’Orb.
Dentalium pacificum, Hutton.
Ianthina exigua, Lamarck.
a ianthina, Linneus.
Carinaria australis, Quoy.
Murex zealandicus, Quoy.
», lyratus, Lamark.
5, octogonus, Quoy.
,, eos, Hutton.
Ommastrephes sloani, Gray.
Sepioteuthis lessoniana, Féruss.
Sepioteuthis bilineata Quoy & Gaimard.
Spirula peronii, Lamarck.
Pteropoda.
Hyalea affinis, D’Orb.
Dentalium pacificum, Hutton.
Heteropoda.
Tanthina exigua, Lamarck.
a communis, Lamarck.
Carinaria australis, Quoy & Gaimard.
Gasteropoda.
Murex zealandicus, Quoy.
Trophon ambiguus, Hombron & Jac-
quinot.
Murex octogonus, Quoy.
», angasi, Crosse.
218 SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES.
Gasteropoda— continued.
Fusus pensum, Hutton.
me australis, Quoy.
ap zealandicus, Quoy.
;, Mandarinus, Duclos.
a dilatatus, Quoy.
,- varius, Lamarck.
bn
», stangeri, Gray.
,, traversi, Hutton.
;, corticatus, Hutton.
3, plebeius, Hutton.
,, inferus, Hutton.
ea
a lineatus, Quoy.
», linea, Martyn.
,, littorinoides, Reeve.
,, duodecimus, Gray.
,, bicinctus, Hutton.
», vittatus, Quoy.
;, triton, Lesson.
,, nodosus, Martyn.
os var B.
Fusus spiralis, Adams.
Neptunea zealandica, var.
Neptunea zealandica, Quoy.
a caudata, Quoy & Gaimard.
a dilatata, Quoy.
Trophon stangeri.
Trophon stangeri, Gray.
Neptunea (?) traversi, Hutton.
Trophon paivee, Crosse.
“a ineisus, Gould.
‘5 inferus, Hutton.
Euthria lineata, Chemnitz.
EKuthria martensiana, Hutton.
Trophon duodecimus, Gray.
EKuthria bicincta, Hutton.
‘3 vittata, Quoy.
Neptunea nodosa, var. C.
5 nodosa, Martyn.
99 P 4 99 33 5
Pleurotoma novee-zealandiz, Reeve. Drillia nove-zealandiz, Reeve.
29
trailli, Hutton.
levis, Hutton.
albula, Hutton.
Lachesis sulcata, Hutton.
Daphnella letourneuxiana, Crosse.
Triton variegatum, Lamarck.
,, australe, Lamarck.
5, spengleri, Chemnitz.
;, acclivis, Hutton.
Ranella leucostoma, Lamarck.
,5 vexillum, Sowerby.
Buccinum maculatum, Martyn.
as zealandicum, Reeve.
ye a var. B.
3 costatum, Quoy.
rf luridum, Hutton.
3 levigatum, Quoy.
5 cinctum, Quoy.
Ss testudineum, Quoy.
39 gradatum, Deshayes.
Nassa rutilans, Reeve.
», nigella, Reeve.
., nove-zealandiz, Reeve.
», corticata, Adams.
Purpura haustrum, Martyn,
se textiliosa, Lamarck.
rs succincta, Lamarck.
Re rugosa,’ Quoy.
a scobina, Quoy.
ee quoyi, Reeve.
Ricinula iodostoma, Lesson.
Oliva erythrostoma, Lamarck.
Ancillaria australis, Quoy.
99
9
pyramidalis, Reeve.
obesa, Sowerby.
Voluta pacifica, Lamarck.
”
”
bed
”
- var. B. (V. gracilis)
i var. C.
50 subplicata, Hutton.
= kirki, Hutton.
Pleurotoma trailli, Hutton.
Drillia levis, Hutton.
Pleurotoma albula, Hutton.
Lachesis sulcata, Hutton.
Defranchia luteo-fasciata, Reeve.
Tritonium australis, Lamarck.
3 spengleri, Chemnitz.
e olearium, Lamarck.
Ranella leucostoma, Lamarck.
», vexillum, Sowerby.
Cominilla maculata, Martyn.
55 nassoides, Reeve.
Cominella funerea, Gould.
as lurida, Philippi.
, virgata, Adams.
Cominella testudinea, Chemnitz.
Nassa rutilans, Reeve.
», nigella, Reeve.
>, nhovee-zealandie, Reeve.
», corticata, Adams.
Purpura haustrum, Martyn.
Polytropa textiliosa, Lamarck.
4c succincta, Lamarck.
- squamata, Hutton.
50 quoyi, Reeve.
5 scobina, Quoy. & Gaimard.
Ricinula iodostoma, Lesson.
Ancillaria australis, Sowerby.
” pyramidalis, Reeve.
Voluta pacifica, Lamarck.
var. B. elongata.
99 99
Voluta gracilis, Swain.
», kirki, Hutton.
SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES. 219
Gasteropoda—continued.
Mitra obscura, Hutton.
», aurantiaca, Lamarck.
», nucea, Gronovius.
Marginella albescens, Hutton.
a vittata, Hutton.
Columbella zebra, Gray.
3 rubiginosa, Hutton.
Cassis pyrum, Lamarck.
,, achatina, Lamarck.
Dolium variegatum, Lamarck.
Lamellaria indica, Leach.
Natica zealandica, Quoy.
,, vitrea, Hutton.
Scalaria zelebori, Dunker.
», lineolata, Kiener.
Obeliscus roseus, Hutton.
Chemnitzia zealandica, Hutton.
Odostomia lactea, Angas.
Eulima chathamensis, Hutton.
Conus zealandicus, Hutton.
», distans, Hwass.
Strombus nove zealandiz, Desh.
ae troglodytes, Lamarck.
Struthiolaria gigas, Sowerby.
nodulosa, Lamarck.
nodulosa, var. B.
scutulata, Desh.
.. vermis, Martyn.
Cypreea arabica, Linnzus. —
caput-serpentis, Linnzus.
tessellata, Desh.
», punctata, Linneus.
Trivia australis, Lamarck.
,, coccinella, Lamarck.
Cancellaria trailli, Hutton,
Trichotropis inornata, Hutton.
Cerithium bicarinata, Gray.
alternatum, Hutton.
subcarina, Sowerby.
kirki, Hutton.
cinctum, Hutton.
exilis, Hutton.
a minimus, Hutton.
Littorina cincta, Quoy.
43 diemenensis, Quoy.
vilis, Menke.
pyramidalis, Desh.
luctuosa, Reeve.
nove zealandiz, Reeve.
PA bullata, Martyn.
Risella kielmanseggi, Dunk.
Rissoa rugulosa, Hutton.
nana, Hutton.
subfusca, Hutton.
plicata, Hutton.
purpurea, Hutton.
impolita, Hutton.
,, rosea, Hutton.
Turritella rosea, Quoy.
fulminata, Hutton.
vittata, Hutton.
29
9
bed
>
99
9
3
9
39
”
be)
a)
?
Mitra obscura, Hutton.
Marginella albescens, Hutton.
F. vittata, Hutton.
Columbella zebra, Gray.
Mitra rubiginosa, Hutton.
Cassis pyrum, Lamarck.
», achatina, Lamarck.
Dolium variegatum, Lamarck.
Coriocella ophione, Gray.
Natica zealandica, Quoy.
Lunatia vitrea, Hutton.
Scalaria zelebori, Frauenfeld.
», lyra, Sowerby.
Obeliscus roseus, Hutton.
Chemnitzia zealandica, Hutton.
Odostomia lactea, Angas.
Eulima chathamensis, Hutton.
Conus zealandicus, Hutton.
Struthiolaria papulosa, var. C.
= papulosa, Martyn.
? Divina’ :
‘ australis, Gmelin.
ee inermis, Sowerby.
Cyprzea punctata, Linneus.
Trivia australis, Lamarck.
» coccinella, Lamarck.
Cancellaria trailli, Hutton.
Trichotropis inornata, Hutton.
Cerithidea bicarinata, Gray.
55 alternata Hutton.
3 nigra, Hombron & Jacquinot.
Acus kirki Hutton.
Bittium terebelloides, v. Martens.
5h exilis, Hutton.
Triphoris angasi, Crosse.
Littorina cincta, Quoy.
», cerulescens, Lamarck.
Littorina luctuosa, Reeve.
as nove-zealandiz, Reeve.
Risella melanostoma, Gml.
Rissoina rugulosa, Hutton.
Barleeia nana, Hutton.
Hs subfusea, Hutton.
Rissoina plicata, Hutton.
55 purpurea, Hutton.
Barleeia impolita, Hutton.
ps rosea, Hutton.
Turritella rosea, Quoy.
“ fulminata, Hutton
a vittata, Hutton.
220 SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES.
Gasteropoda—continued.
Turritella pagoda, Reeve.
an symmetrica, Hutton.
Siphonium lamellosum, Hutton.
Vermetus cariniferus, Gray.
Cladopoda zealandica, Quoy.
He rosea, Quoy.
Siliquaria levigata, Lamarck.
as australis, Quoy.
Phorus onustus, Reeve.
Calyptreea maculata, Quoy.
Trochita tenuis, Gray.
Crypta costata, Desh.
» aculeata, Lamarck.
,, contorta, Quoy.
es unguiformis, Lamarck.
Hipponyx cornucopiz, Lamarck.
Nerita atrata, Lamarck.
Turbo smaragdus, Lamarck.
” ” var. B.
», Tubicundus, Reeve. )
5, granosus, Lamarck |
,, undulatus, Reeve.
Imperator cookii, Lamarck.
os davisil, Stowe.
imperialis, Lamarck.
Liotia shandi, Hutton.
Adeorbis varius, Hutton.
Rotella zealandica, Chenu.
Trochus gibberosus, Chemnitz.
a viridis, Gmel.
Chrysostoma fulminata, Hutton.
45 simulata, Hutton.
i inconspicua, Hutton.
rosea, Hutton.
Polydonta tuberculata, Gray.
es chathamensis, Hutton.
Ae tiarata, Quoy.
i tricarinata, Lamarck.
Labio zealandicus, Quoy.
,, hectori, Hutton.
» cingulatus, Quoy.
,, subrostrata, Gray.
Euchelus bellus, Hutton.
Diloma nigerrima, Linn.
Thalotia.
Zizyphinus tigris, Martyn.
Hs selectus, Chemnitz.
5 cunninghamu, Gray.
55 spectabilis, Adams.
Sj scitulus, Adams.
punctulatus, Martyn.
Cantharidus i iris, Chemnitz.
‘5 purpuratus, Lamarck.
elegans, Gmelin.
Elenchus dilatatus, Sowerby.
Bankivia varians, Beck.
Monilea zealandica, Hutton.
Gibbula sanguinea, Gray.
5 nitida, Adams.
Haliotis iris, Lamarck.
- australis, Lamarck.
Turritella pagoda, Reeve.
Eglisia symmetrica, Hutton.
Siphonium lamellosum, Hutton.
Cladopoda zealandica, Quoy.
Stephopoma roseum, Quoy.
Siliquaria australis, Quoy.
Trochita nove-zealandiz, Lesson.
Trochita scutum, Lesson.
Crypta costata, Desh.
Crypta monoxyla, Lesson.
», unguiformis, Lamarck.
Hipponyx australis, Lamarck.
Nerita atrata, Lamarck.
Turbo smaragdus, Martyn.
a AA var. B.
Turbo granosus, Martyn.
5, undulatus, Chemnitz.
Calear cookii, Lamarck.
,, davisii, Stowe.
», imperialis, Lamarck.
Turbo shandi, Hutton.
Fossarina varius, Hutton.
Rotella zealandica, Blompron and Jac-
quinot,
Margarita fulminata, Hutton.
Gibbula simulata, Hutton.
5 inconspicua, Hutton.
Margarita rosea, Hutton.
Anthora tuberculata, Gray.
a chathamensis, Hutton.
- tiarata, Quoy & Gaimard.
Diloma zthiops, Gmelin.
», .hectori, Hutton.
5 gaimardi, Phillipi.
Trochocochlea subrostrata, Gray.
Euchelus bellus, Hutton.
Diloma nigerrima, Chemnitz.
Thalotia conica, Gray.
Zizyphinus granatum, Chemnitz.
Pe selectus, Chemnitz.
cunninghami, Gray.
3 spectabilis, Adams.
He scitulus, Adams.
punctulatus, Martyn.
Cantharidus i iris, Gmelin.
a zealandicus, Adams.
purpuratus, Martyn.
Elenchus dilatatus, Sowerby.
Bankivia varians, Beck.
Monilea egena, Gould.
Gibbula sanguinea, Gray.
5 nitida, Adams.
Heliotis iyis, Martyn.
“3 rugoso-plicata, Chemnitz.
SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES. 221
Gasteropoda—continued.
Haliotis virginea, Lamarck.
cunninghamii, Gray.
nevosa, Desh.
albicans, Desh.
cruenta, Reeve.
zealandica, Reeve.
stomatiaformis, Reeve.
pulcherima, Desh.
Fissurella squamosa, Hutton.
~ rubiginosa, Hutton.
Lucapina monilifera, Hutton.
Emarginula striatula, Quoy.
Tugali elegans, Gray.
», parmaphoroides, Quoy.
Parmophorus australis, Lamarck.
unguis, Linneus.
Tectura pileopsis, Quoy.
5 fragilis, Quoy.
Patella inconspicua, Gray.
», margaritaria, Chemnitz.
Patella octoradiata, Hutton.
tramoserica, Lamarck.
stellifera, Lamarck.
imbricata, Reeve.
pottsi, Hutton.
flava, Hutton.
Nacella radians, Gmelin.
flexuosa, Hutton.
earli, Reeve.
stellularia, Quoy.
argentea, Quoy: )
floccata, Reeve.
affinis, Reeve.
cantharus, Reeve.
Chiton concentricus, Reeve.
canaliculatus, Quoy.
pellis-serpentis, Quoy.
sinclairi, Gray.
quoyi, Desh.
sulcatus, Quoy.
longicymbus, De Blain.
circumvallatus, Reeve.
areus, Reeve.
contractus, Reeve.
stangeri, Reeve.
empleurus, Hutton.
rudis, Hutton.
Tonicia undulata, Quoy.
5 rubiginosa, Hutton.
Acanthopleura ciliata, Reeve.
celatus, Reeve.
3 nobilis, Gray.
Acanthochetes biramosus, Quoy.
porphyreticus, Reeve.
ovatus, Hutton.
: hookeri, Gray.
Katharina violacea, Quoy.
Cryptoconchus zealandicus, Quoy.
monticularis, Quoy.
Buccinulus kirki, Hutton.
albus, Hutton.
99
2”
99
99
39
99
39
99
”
2)
?
2?
Heliotis gibba, Philippi.
Haliotis cruenta, Reeve.
Ap zealandica, Reeve.
. stomatiaformis, Reeve.
Fissurella squamosa, Hutton.
Patella rubiginosa, Hutton.
Lucapina monilifera, Hutton.
Emarginula striatula, Quoy.
Tugalia parmophoidea, Quoy & Gaimard.
Parmophorus unguis, Linneus.
Acmea pileopsis, Quoy & Gaimard.
», fragilis, Chemnitz.
Patella inconspicua
», denticulata, Martyn.
», tramoserica.
», Sstellifera, Chemnitz.
s, reevei, Hutton.
s» redimiculum, Reeve.
», flava, Hutton
>, radians.
», flexuosa, Hutton.
», affinis, Reeve.
», Sstellularia, Quoy.
», pholidota, Lesson.
», affinis, Reeve.
Chiton concentricus.
Lepidopleurus canaliculatus.
Chiton pellis-serpentis, Quoy.
», Ssinclairi, Gray.
», glaucus, Gray.
», sulcatus, Quoy.
eae tal longicymbus, De Blain.
circumvallatus, Reeve.
Chiton areus Reeve.
Lepidopleurus contractus, Reeve.
Chiton stangeri Reeve.
Lepidopleurus empleurus, Hutton.
* rudis, Hutton.
Tonicia undulata, Quoy.
», rubiginosa, Hutton.
Mopalia ciliata, Sowerby.
Acanthopleura celatus, Reeve.
Cheetopleura nobilis, Gray.
Plaxiphora biramosa, Quoy & Gaimard.
Acanthochites porphyreticus, Reeve.
», ovatus, Hutton.
», zealandicus, Quoy & Gaimard
», violacea, Quoy & Gaimard.
Cryptoconchus porosus, Burrow.
Buccinulus kirki, Hutton.
3 albus, Hutton.
222
SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES.
Gasteropoda—continued.
Aplustrum lineatum, Wood.
Cylichna striata, Hutton.
Bulla oblonga, Adams.
» quoyi, Gray.
Haminea obesa, Sowerby.
Akera tumida, Adams.
Philine angasi, Crosse (?)
Aplysia sp, ind.
Doris carinata, Quoy.
Onchidoris tuberculatus, Hutton.
Aolis longicauda, Quoy.
Onchidella nigricans, Quoy.
Peronia patelloides, Quoy.
Siphonaria dimenensis, Quoy.
zealandica, Quoy.
scutellum, Desh.
funiculata, Reeve.
a australis, Quoy.
= denticulata, Quoy.
cancer, Reeve.
obliquata, Sowerby.
a5 spinosa, Reeve,
Melampus commodus, Adams.
adamsianus, Pfeiffer.
zealandicus, Adams.
costellaris, Adams.
A sulcatus, Adams.
Cassidula mustelina, Desh.
Amphibola avellana.
9
”
99
99
99
Bullina lineata, Wood.
Cylichna striata, Hutton.
Bulla oblonga, Adams.
», quoyi, Gray.
Haminea zealandica, Gray.
Akera tumida, Adams.
Philine angasi, Crosse.
Doris carinata, Quoy.
,, wellingtonensis, Abraham.
Phidiana longicaudata, Quoy.
Onchidella nigricans, Quoy & Gaimard.
BS patelloides, Quoy & Gaimard.
Siphonaria obliqata, Sowerby.
Ss sipho, Sowerby.
pe sipho,
ee australis.
Siphonaria cancer, Reeve.
ip obliquata.
i spinosa.
Melampus commodus, Adams.
Tralia adamsianus, Pfeiffer.
Melampus zealandicus, Adams.
Tralia costellaris, Adams,
Amphibola avellana, Chemnitz.
Lamellibranchiata.
Barnea similis, Gray.
Pholadidea tridens, Gray.
Teredo antarctica, Hutton.
Aspergillum nove zealandiz, Lamarck.
Saxicava arctica, Linneus.
Panopea zealandica, Quoy.
‘ solandri, Gray.
Corbula zealandica, Quoy,
Aes catlowee, Reeve.
iS adusta, Hinds.
Anatina tasmanica, Reeve.
Lyonsia vitrea, Hutton.
Thracia nove zealandize, Reeve.
Neera trailli, Hutton.
Myodora striata, Quoy.
ss ovata, Reeve.
: brevis, Stuchbury.
Chamostrea albida, Lamarck.
Mactra discors, Gray.
murchisoni, Desh.
,, scalpellum, Desh.
,. donaciformis, Gray.
», wquilatera. Reeve.
Hemimactra ovata, Gray.
Mulina notata, Hutton.
Darnia pusilla, Hutton.
Lutraria deshayesii, Reeve.
» lanceolata, Reeve.
99
Barnea similis, Gray.
Pholadidea tridens, Gray.
Teredo antarctica, Hutton.
Saxicava australis, Lamarck.
Panopza zealandica, Quoy.
5 solandri, Gray.
Corbula zealandica, Quoy.
Corbula adusta, Hinds.
Anatima tasmanica, Reeve.
Lyonsia vitrea, Hutton.
Thracia nove zealandiz, Reeve.
Neera trail, Hutton.
Myodora striata, Quoy.
a ovata, Reeve.
KS plana, Reeve.
Chamostrea albida, Lamarck.
Mactra discors, Gray.
;, . maurchisoni, Desh.
_,, sealpellum, Desh.
», donaciformis, Gray.
», equilateris, Desh.
Standella ovata.
a notata, Hutton.
Mactra scalpellum, Desh.
Zenatia deshayesii, Reeve.
Vanganella taylori, Gray.
SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES. 223
Lamellibranchiata—continued.
Zenatia acinaces, Quoy.
taeta perspicua, Hutton.
Vanganella taylori, Gray.
Psammobia stangeri, Gray.
lineolata, Gray.
zonalis, Lamarck.
aftinis, Reeve.
Hiatula nitida, Gray.
a siliquee, Hart.
», incerta, Reeve.
», nitens, Tryon.
Tellina albinella, Lamarck.
deltoidalis, Lamarck.
99
29
99
29
decussata, Lamarck.
lintea, Hutton. )
subovata, Sowerby. §
tiaconica, Desh.
Mesodesma chemnitzii, Desh.
cuneata, Lamarck.
ventricosa, Gray.
elongata, Quoy.
lata, Reeve.
ovalis, Reeve.
spissa, Reeve.
bi)
o
>
29
”
”
nove zealandiz, Reeve.
Venus tuberosa, Desh.
,, oblonga, Gray.
,, zealandica, Gray.
Chione lamellata, Lamarck.
yatel, Gray.
» costata, Quoy.
», lima, Desh.
stuchburyi, Gray.
dieffenbachi, Gray. |
,, creba, Hutton.
,, mesodesma, Quoy.
gibbosa, Hutton.
paupercula, Desh.
alatus, Reeve.
Callista multistriata, Desh.
», disrupta, Desh.
Dosinia anus, Philippi.
, Subrosea, Gray.
Cyclina kroyeri, Philippi.
Tapes intermedia, Gray.
fabagella, Desh.
,, galactites, Lamarck.
Venerupis reflexa, Gray.
A brevis, Quoy.
Petricola serrata, Desh.
Cardium striatuluin, Sowerby.
Venericardia australis, Quoy.
99
be)
bi)
>
9
99
be)
Lucina divaricata, Lamarck.
Cryptodon sp. ind.
Mysia zealandica, Gray.
globularis, Lamarck.
3, nove zealandiz, Reeve.
Kellia cycladiformis, Desh.
Pythina stowei, Hutton.
39
sublenticularis, Sowerby.
zealandica, Potiez.
Zenatia acinaces, Quoy.
taeta perspicua, Hutton.
Vanganella taylori, Gray.
Psammobia stangeri, Gray.
5 lineolata, Gray.
53 zealandica, Desh.
affinis, Reeve.
Soletellina nitida, Gray.
- siliqua, Reeve.
a3 incerta, Reeve.
nitens, Tryon.
Tellina alba, Quoy & Gaimard.
Aa deltoidalis, Lamarck,
», disculus, Desh.
Tellina subovata, Sowerby.
Tellina tiaconica, Desh.
Mesodesma nove zealandiz, Chemnitz.
bs spissa, Reeve.
+) ventricosa, Gray.
Standella elongata.
lata, Desh.
ovalis, Desh.
spissa, Reeve.
nove zealandiz, Chemnitz.
Venus nodosa, Dunker.
oblonga, Hanley.
3)
Chione lamellata, Lamarck.
» yatei, Gray.
», costata, Quoy.
», lima, Desh.
Chione stuchburyi, Gray.
Venus creba, Hutton.
Chione mesodesma, Quoy.
gibbosa, Hutton.
paupercula, Chemnitz.
39
9
Callista multistriata, Sowerby.
5, disrupta, Sowerby.
Artemis australis, Gray.
, subrosea, Gray.
ce lambata, Gould.
Tapes intermedia, Quoy
fabagella, Desh.
» galactites, Lamarck.
Venerupis reflexa, Gray.
56 paupercula, Desh.
Petricola serrata, Desh.
Cardium striatulum, Sowerby.
Cardita australis, Lamarck.
,, zealandica, Potiez & Michaud.
Lucina divaricata, Lamarck.
99
Diplodonta zealandica, Lamarck.
globularis, Lamarck.
3 striata, Hutton.
Kellia cycladiformis, Desh.
Pythina stowei, Hutton.
9
224 SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES.
Lamellibranchiata—continued.
Solemya australis, Lamarck.”
Gouldia isabella, Hutton.
Mytilicardia excavata, Desh.
Cardita tridentata, Say.
Mytilus magellanicus, Lamarck.
;» polyodontes, Quoy.
hirsutus, Lamarck.
» smaragdinus, Chemnitz.
,, dunkeri, Reeve.
,, Jlatus, Lamarck.
,, ater, zelebor.
Crenella discors, Lamarck.
Modiola albicosta, Lamarck.
ms securis, Lamarck.
Lithodomus truncatus, Gray.
Ae gruneri, Philippi.
Pinna zealandica, Gray
Barbatia sinuata, Lamarck.
5p pusilla, Sowerby.
Pectunculus laticostatus, Quoy.
nf striatularis, Lamarck.
Nucula margaritacea, Lamarck.
», Strangei, Adams.
,, consobrina, Adams.
Leda australis, Quoy.
Solenella cumingii, Adams.
Pecten zealandiz, Gray.
» gemmulatus, Reeve.
Si pice, Reeve.
,- dieffenbachi, Reeve.
,, multicostatus, Reeve.
5, radiatus, Hutton.
vellicatus, Hutton.
Vola laticostatus, Gray.
Lima squamosa, Lamarck.
,, bullata, Born.
Anomia stowel, Hutton.
» alectus, Gray.
» cyteum, Gray.
Placunanomia zealandica, Gray.
ut ione, Gray.
Ostrea purpurea, Hanley.
», lutaria, Hutton.
» virginica, Lamarck.
» mordax, Gould.
Waldhemia lenticularis, Desh.
Terebratella cruenta, Dillwyn.
ne rubicunda, Sol.
Magas evansii, Davidson.
», cumingi, Davidson.
Waltonia valencienni, Davidson.
Kraussia lamarkiana, Davidson.
Rhynchonella nigricans, Sowerby.
Crania, sp. ind.
Solemya parkinsoni, Smith.
Crassatella bellula, Adams.
Mytilicardia excavata, Desh
Mytilus magellanicus, Lamarck.
5, polyodontes, Quoy
Mytilus latus, Chemnitz.
» edulis, Reeve.
», Jatus, Chemnitz.
Ss ater, Frauenfeld.
Crenella impacta, Hermann.
Modiola areolata, Gould.
“3 fluviatilis, Hutton.
Lithodomus truncatus, Gray.
Me gruneri, Reeve.
Pinna zealandica, Gray.
Barbatia decussata, Sowerby.
¥ pusilla, Sowerby.
Pectunculus laticostatus, Quoy.
a striatularis, Lamarck.
Nucula nitidula, Adams.
, Strangei, Adams.
», suleata, Adams.
Leda concinna, Adams.
Solenella australis, Quoy & Gaimard.
Pecten zealandiz, Gray.
» gemmulatus, Reeve.
5, pilex, Reeve.
,, zZealandize, Gray.
;, multicostatus, Reeve.
», racdiatus, Hutton.
vellicatus, Hutton.
Vola laticostatus, Gray.
Lima zealandica, Sowerby.
,, japonica, Adams.
Anomia stowei, Hutton.
;, alectus, Gray.
» cyteum, Gray.
Placunanomia zealandica, Gray.
5 ione, Gray.
Ostrea edulis, Reeve.
5, discoidea, Gould.
edulis, Reeve
,, glomerata, Gould.
Waldhemia lenticularis, Desh.
Terebratella cruenta, Dillwyn.
ap rubicunda, Sol.
Magas evansii, Davidson.
Bouchardia cumingii, Davidson,
Waltonia valencienni, Davidson.
Kraussia lamarkiana, Davidson.
Rhynchonella nigricans, Sowerby.
29
Colonial HMuseum & Geological Surhey Department.
JAMES HECTOR, M.D., C.M.G., F.R.S.,
DIRECTOR. !
| OF THE
/ : hy "7 T
NEW ZEALAND Sere
by | fat
A SYSTEMATIC AND DESCRIPTIVE |
!
: CATALQGUE |
OF THE |
MARINE AND LAND SHELLS, | AND: (OF “TH: -SORL |
MOLLUSKS AND POLYZOA OF NEW ZEALAND
AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS.
. ] BY f
FREDERICK WOLLASTON HUTTON, F.G.S., C.MZS.,
A Professor ot Biology, Canterbury College, New Zealand University.
(Late Curator of the Otago Museum.)
Published bp Command.
|
WELLINGTON : |
{ PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF JAMES HUGHES, LAMBTON QUAY.
1880.
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