B 3 31M hflfl

LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
DAVIS

MANUAL

OF

NCHOLOGY;

STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC.

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SPECIES.

BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR.

Co.\. ;:::V.\TO:I OTf ". : : ( '->x .-rior-ooTc .YT, STATION- OP Tin: ACADF.MY OB- NATURAL

. v.

MARGINELLID£, OLIVID^E, COLUMBELLID^.

PHILADELPHIA:
Published by the Author,

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, COR. I9TH & RACE STS.

1883.

LIBRARY

OF CALIFORNIA
DAVIS

WM. P. KILDARE, PRINTER, 734 & 736 SANSOM ST., PHILA.

THE three extensive families of mollusks monographed in this
volume of the Manual of Conchology, include several of the
most beautiful of the marine genera. The material upon the
study of which I have based my text is unusually ample, enabling
me to make numerous satisfactory adjustments of the synonymy,
and to illustrate many variations in addition to the typical forms
of the species. It is hoped that the figures will enable naturalists
to identify their specimens with facility and certainty. Excep-
tion has been taken to some of the figures heretofore published
in this work, on the ground that they are uncharacteristic in
drawing and coloring : these illustrations are faithful copies of
the original (or typical) figures, such as I almost invariably give,
if published; and they are supplemented, whenever it is possible
to do so, by better illustrations of the same species.

The next volume of the Manual will be devoted to the im-
portant group of the Toxifera — including Cancellaria, Terebra,
Conus, Pleurotoma. Towards its completion 1 again ask the
kindly aid of authors and collectors, who may possess unfigured
or critical species.

January, 1883. G. W. T., JR.

See \vhat a lovely shell,
Small and pure as a pearl,
Lying close to my foot,
Frail, but a work divine,
Made so fairly well
With delicate spire and whorl,
How exquisitely minute,
A miracle of design!

What is it ? — a learned man
Could give it a clumsy name,
Let him name it who can,
The beauty would be the same,

TENNYSON.

Oh what an endless work have I in hand,
To count the sea's abundant progeny 1

SPENCER.

MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

Family MARGINELLID^E.

Animal having tentacles arising close together, the eyes on the
lower portion or near the middle of the tentacles ; mantle with
expanded side-lobes, covering the back of the shell, as in Cyprsea;
siphon elongate, simple at base ; foot large, truncate in front,
produced behind. Operculum usually none.

Shell porcellanous, polished, usually smooth, or with longi-
tudinal ribs ; spire short or immersed, body-whorl ample ; aper-
ture nearly the length of the shell, the outer lip usually with
thickened margin, smooth or dentated within, the inner lip with
several distinct plaits on the columella.

Dentition. In possessing rhachidian teeth, without laterals,
the lingual armature of Marginella resembles that of Valuta,
whilst the shape of the plate and its dentated edge are very
similar to that of Mitridse ; lateral teeth being added, however,
in the latter family. A single species of Erato (the only one
examined), possesses laterals like Trivia in Cypraaidae, and upon
this ground the genus has been placed in that family by some
systematists (PI. 2, fig. 7).

The expanded mantle-lobes, covering the shell — which thus
receives a polished surface, and is devoid of epidermis — immedi-
ately suggest relationship with the cowries (Cyprae.a), but more
particularly with the Olives and Ancillaria, on the one side ;
whilst the presence and position of the columellar plaits, as well
as the form of many of the species, on the other side, approxi-
mates the family to Mitra and Valuta.

Stimpson created a family Cystiscidse for a little Marginella-
like shell dredged by him near the Cape of Good Hope. The
animal has an elongated, narrow foot; the head is oblong.

6 MARUlNELLJDvK.

depressed, bifurcated in front to form short, triangular, flattened
and horizontal tentacles, and the eyes are at the lateral margins
of the head a little behind the bases of these tentacles ; mentum
as broad as the head, but not extending beyond the tips of the
tentacles. The dentition (PI. 2, fig. 11) is essentially that of
Marginella. Notwithstanding these differences of the animal,
I agree with Mr. Redfield, who has included Cystiscus Capensis in
his "Catalogue of Marginella." It is very probable that when more
specimens of the soft parts shall have been examined the result
will be the discovery of many divergences from the structure
of the larger species which have furnished the family diagnosis.
Besides the Cystixcus, other instances of variation from the
normal type of Mar^inellidse have been recently recorded. M.
de Maltzan has collected at Goree, coast of Senegambia, several
specimens of Marginella glabella containing the animal. Some
of these are provided with a well-developed operculum, whilst
others (as diagnosed for the family) have none.* Messrs. Crosse
and Fischer having examined the lingual dentition of one of
these operculated individuals, were surprised to find it differ
from that of all other Marginellae hitherto known, in possessing
lateral teeth, resembling Buccinum.f Maltzan has proposed a
new genus, Pseudomarginella, for the operculated shells ; which
he supposes to inhabit rocky shores, whilst the others live on
sand, at 15 to 30 fathoms ; although the evidence he presents of
this difference of habit is insufficient. Two Pseudomarginellse
are described, one of which has an uhguiculate operculum, that
of the other being lamellar, like Purpura ; they both possess a
narrow foot, with a small gland, and in one of them the tentacles
are short and broad, in the other short and round. All these
characters differ much from the broad foot, with large gland and
the long tentacles of the typical Marginella — yet the shells are
indistinguishable from that of the typical M. glabella.

Messrs. H. and A. Adams, in their " Genera of Recent Mol-
lusca," include the genus Pachybathron, Gaskoin, in this family,
but its closer relationship with Cassidid* is* very evident. The

* On the irregularity of development of opercula in Yolutbarpa, see this
Manual, vol. iii, p. 198.

f Jour, de Coroh , 3d ser., xx, 8?o, .1880,

ERATO. I

genus Ringicula, Deshayes, has also been thought to resemble
Marginella in its shell, but this resemblance is a superficial one
only, and recent studies of the animal have confirmed its con-
chological approximation to Actseon.*

Synopsis of Genera.

ERATO, Risso. Shell obovate, polished ; spire short, conical, distinct ;
aperture linear; outer lip without varix, but thickened towards the
middle, denticulate within ; columella with distinct plaits at the fore-
part. Dentition,! PI. 2, fig. 7.

Subgenus ERATOPSIS, Hcernes and Auinger. Shell granular-tuberculate,
with a longitudinal sulcus on the hack of the body- whorl as in Trivia.

MARGINELLA, Lamarck. Shell ovately oblong to subcyliudrical.
smooth, polished, sometimes longitudinally ribbed ; spire short, conical
or concealed ; aperture narrow, elongated, obtuse or truncated in front ;
columella p icate ; outer lip with a thick marginal varix, its inner
margin smooth or crenulated. Dentition, PI. 2, figs. 8, 10.

Subgenus VOLVARIA, Lam. Shell subcylindrical, spire very short or
concealed ; outer lip of aperture without varix or thickening. Dentition,
PI. 2, fig. 9.

. The type of Volvaria is V. bulloides, Lam., an eocene fossil of France
and Belgium (Plate 3, fig. 28). *

<;«MIHS ERATO, Risso.

The few recent species comprised in this group, were approx-
imated to Gypr&n, Valuta, Columbella and Marginella lay
ancient authors ; and in proposing their new genus Eratopsis,
Messrs. Hoernes and Auinger remark upon the close resemblance
of its species to the Trivia, or more properly Pustularia group
of Cyprseidse. The only animal of the genus that has been
figured is that of the European species E. laevis (PI. 4, fig. 40) ;

* Fischer, Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., xviii, 113; Watson, Ibid., 312.

t I figure the dentition of Erato callosa, Ad. and Reeve, the onjy
species which has been examined. It is entirely unlike the normal type
of Marginella, and approximates closely to that of Cyprcea. A form of
Marginella glabella has, however, been recently discovered to possess
lateral teeth (ante p. 6 . Troschel has made serious mistakes in the identi-
fication of species of which he gives the dentition, and it is possible that
this is another. It will, 1 think, be necessary to have more evidence before
allowing the position of Erato to be determined by the dentition. Con-
chologically it is certainly closely allied to Trivia in the Cyprseidse

8 ERATO.

it is very like Cyprvea in external appearance, even to the fila-
mentous processes of the mantle-lobes, and it is evident that the
growth of these processes has caused an inequality in the applied
surface of the lobes, sometimes forming pustules on the shell in
Eratopsis, in precisely the same manner as in the Pustiilaria
group of Cyprsea. Reeve remarks in the introduction of the
"Monograph of Erato " (Conchologia Iconica), that in Erato,
unlike Marginella, the columella is not plaited from an early
stage of growth, but that the denticulations are added at
maturity ; in other words, they are denticulations and not true
plaits. If this were so, it would be another character in common
with Cypraea, but my observation leads me to the conclusion
that it is not entirely true. I find the plaits on the columella
in young specimens of several species, but in addition, there is
developed on the inner lip, in the adults only, a series of dentic-
ulations like Cyprsea, and at the same period changes sometimes
occur in the appearance of the plaits caused by the deposition
of calcareous matter upon and between them, so that these come
to resemble the denticulations situated above them. Undoubtedly
Erato, through Eratopsis, conchologically connects Marginella
with the Trivia group oi> Cyprsea ; the balance of characters
seems to indicate a rather closer relationship, on the whole, with
Marginella ; but if future investigations shall show that the
species of Erato really possess the dentition assigned to the
group, then it would perhaps be better to remove it to the
Triviinae.

Erato occurs fossilized in the miocene and pliocene deposits
of Europe and America, and a single species has been reported
from the eocene of Texas : species have been recently charac-
terized from the eocene and miocene of South Australia and

Tasmania.

•

Typical or Smooth Specie*.

E. LACHRYMA, Gray. PL 4, figs. 32, 37.

Whitish, the lip faintly roseate, usually obscurely three-banded
with rose-color. Length, 5 mill.

Japan (Dr. Siebold;; Australia (Gray).
E. sulcifera, Reeve, non Gra}^ (fig. 37), may be synonymous.

ERATO.

E. GUTTULA, Sowb. PL 4, tigs. 33, 34.

Rosy white or ash-color, obscurely fasciate ; narrower and

more pyriform than E. lachryma. Length, 5 mill.

Mauritius.
Dr. Wemkauff considers this a Marginella.

E. SANDWICENSIS, Pease. PL 4, fig. 35.

Pale rosy white, two-banded ; narrower and thinner than E.
yuttula, the bands distinct, the lip narrower and not so elevated.

Length, 4 mill.

Sandwich Isles.
E. PELLUCIDA, Reeve. PL 4, fig. 36.

Pyriformly globose, transparent white, shining ; whorls slop-
ingly angled round the upper part ; aperture narrow, lip swollen,

varicose. - Length, 3 mill.

Bombay.
Is probably a young shell, and may = E. Sandioicenns.

E. CALLOSA, Ad. and Reeve. PL 4, figs. 38, 39 ; PL 2-, fig. f.

Yellowish or rosy white ; whorls swollen around the upper
part ; aperture-margin thick, running up the spire.

Length, 1 mill.

China Sea; Japan (Lischke).

E. ivEVJS, Donovan. PL 4, figs. 40, 41.

Whitish, or tinged with yellow or roseate ; more angular and
not so thick as E. callosa, and the outer lip is not so elevated or
angular above. Length, 8 mill.

Great Britain, sandy ground from 12 to 85 fathoms.

Mediterranean, on coral and madrepore, 8 to 55 fms.

Plentiful in the European tertiaries.

Jeffreys cites a var. oblonga, pure white, more elongated, and
compressed in front. The animal, says this author, is very
livety and active, a great beauty, and b}^ no means bashful.
When on the march it carries the branchial tube in an upturned
position. One pair, having crawled out of the water in a glass
jar, coupled for seven or eight hours.

E. MAUGERIYE, Gray. PL 4, figs. 42, 43.

(Iray or livid, polished; smaller, wider and more angular
above than K. /«=•<•/*. Length, 5-6 mill.

West Indies ; foss 1 in the tertiary of England.

10 ERA TO.

E. Cyprseoides, C. B. Adams, an unfigured species, is prob-
ably identical.

E. ANGISTOMA, Sowb. PI. 4, fig. 44.

Swollen, smooth, brownish white. Length, 4 mill.

East Indies (Reeve); Philippines (Cuming).

The posterior elevation of the outer lip forming an angle at
its extremity nearly as high as the spire, is a distinguishing
feature of this little species.

E. MINUTA, Reeve. PI. 4, fig. 45.

Subglobose, transparent, glassy, white. Length, 1-5 mill.

Philippines.

Dr. Weinkauff thinks it may be the young of the preceding-
species.

E. GALLINACEA, Hinds. PL 4, fig. 46.

Pyriform, callous and angulated posteriori}7, produced and
beaked anteriorly ; lip stoutly swollen, conspicuously produced
and sinuate at its posterior extremity ; white or brownish yellow,
sometimes with a superior, irregular band. Length, 6 mill.

Philippines ; New Guinea ; Torres Sts., Australia.

Named from its fancied resemblance to a trussed hen.

E. ANGUL1FERA, Sowb. PI. 4, fig. 47.

Shorter, wider, more obtuse than E. gallinacea ; mouth
straight and linear, outer lip very broad and thick, its posterior

elevation less pointed than in gallinacea. Length, 2 mill.

Borneo.
E. COLUMBELLA, Menke. PL 4, fig. 48.

Broadly pyriform, lip elevated behind above the spire; yel-
lowish red or roseate. Length, 1*5 mill.

Mazatlan to Santa Barbara, Cal.

E. marginata, Morch^ found at 100 fathoms at Bocorones I.,
near Panama, is probably a S3~nonym ; and I suppose that the
shell described by Carpenter as E. Maugerise var. Panamensis is
its exact equivalent. * Neither of these species has been figured.

E. VITELLINA, Hinds. PL 4, fig. 49.

Obesely ovate, aperture rather wide ; dark red, lighter on the

thickened lip-margin. Length, 12 mill.

Acapulco to Southern California.

The largest species of the genus.

ERATOPSIS. 1 I

Puhgrnus Eratopsis, Hoernes ami Auingcr.

This group, founded for fossils of the Austrian tertiary, will
include several recent species. The first and largest species
which I refer to it, is also the most doubtful one, for of the
many specimens of E. scabriuscula before me, nearly all are
smooth and polished, without a trace of a sulcus ; }ret others
correspond with the figured examples in the various monographs
in having it.

E. SCABRIUSCULA, Gray. PI. 4, fig. 56.

Oval, rather narrow, with elevated spire ; ash-pink ; surface
smooth and polished, or minutely granulate, with or without an
obscure dorsal sulcus. Length, 10 mill.

W. Coast Central America to Mazatlan,

E. SULCIFERA, Gray. PI. 4, fig. 51.

An obscure species, strikingly like the preceding, and said by
Gray to come from Cape of Good Hope. Reeve has figured for
it a specimen of E. lachryma, Gray, and gives Philippines as
locality, whilst the figure in Sowerby's Thesaurus represents an
entirely different form, said to occur at Panama.

E. CORRUGATA, Hinds. PI. 4, fig. 52.

Minute, white, very finely granulated, sulcus distinct.
Length, 4 mill.

Philippines, 8 fathoms, sandy mud (Cuming) ;

Port Jackson, Australia (Angas).
E. NANA, Duclos. PI. 4, fig. 53.

Like E. corrugata, but narrower, with finer granulations.

Length, 4 mill.

Red Sea (McAndrew) ; Paumotus (Pease).

E. SCHMELTZIANA, Crosse. PL 4, figs. 54, 55.

Narrower than E. nana; tinged with ash or rose, base of

aperture red-tipped. Length, 3'5 mill.

Viti Islands.

Undetermined and Spurious Species.
E. VENTRICOSA, Gray. Not figured nor recognized.
E. PELLUCIDA, Tenison-Woods. = Marginella.

Reeve has preoccupied the specific name in Erato.

12 MARGIN ELL A.

E. BIMACULATA, T:ite. South Australia.

Pale primrose-yellow to yellowish white, with rufous-red
around the extremity of the anterior canal and on the callous
border of the hinder part of the aperture. Closely resembles
E. angulifera, Reeve; but differs in color and in having a less
angular and inflated body-whorl. Unfigured.

E. LACTEA, Hutton (= Marginella formicula, Lam.). New Zealand.
E. PRAYENSIS, Rochbrune. Gape Verd Islands.

Shell triangular, narrow in front, very thick, with obtuse spire ;
aperture narrow ; lip reflected, very finely denticulated ; col-
umella straight, sinuous in front ; color greenish. Length, 5 mill.

The figure of this species arrived too late for insertion in my
plates.

U 11 us MARGINELLA, Lann.rck.

The Marginellas are tropical and subtropical in distribution,
a large proportion of the species inhabiting the Caribbean, West
African and Indo-Pacific provinces. A species occurs doubt-
fully in the cretaceous ; but in the eocene formation the genus is
well represented, and from that and subsequent formations at
least seventy-five fossil species have been characterized ; from
the United States, Europe and Australia.

A number of monographs and catalogues of the species have
been published in recent times ; the most important are : —

KIENER. Coquilles vivantes, 1.834. A monograph including 56
species, with colored figures.

SOWERBY. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, i, 1846. Contains descrip-
tions and figures of 108 species.

PETIT DE LA SAUSSAYE. Journal de Conchyliologie, ii, 1851. A
list of 146 species, systematically arranged.

H. AND A. ADAMS. Genera of Recent Mollusca, i, 190, 1853.
The species are divided among a number of subgenera, under
which they are alphabetically enumerated, numbering 159.

REEVE. Conchologia Iconica, xv, 1865. Descriptions and
figures of 159 species.

MARCUNELLA. 13

JOHN H. REDFIELD. Catalogue and synonymy of Marginellidre.
American Journal of Conchology, vi, 1870. The species are
alphabetically arranged, with the synonymy and bibliography
fully indicated. 211 valid species are enumerated. This may
be considered the first catalogue constructed from the modern
scientific standpoint. It is prepared with evident care and
thoroughness, and is the result of many years' study of these
interesting shells. The two monographies which have since
appeared, were both written in ignorance of Mr. Redfield's
labors ; a circumstance which has greatly impaired their value,
besides causing some additional synonyms.

JOUSSEAUME. Monograph ; in Guerin's Revue et Magasin de
Zoologie, 1875. '269 species are shortly characterized and
arranged under subgenera. There are no illustrations, except
of new species.

H. C. WEINKAUFF. In the Systematisches Conchilien-Cabinet
of Kiister, 1878. 229 species are described and carefully
figured ; many of the species described as new by Dr. Jous-
seaume being relegated to the synonymy.

The present monograph admits as valid 230 recent species,
some of which, however, being unfigured, cannot be satisfactorily
determined. So far as localities are known, they have the fol-
lowing distribution :

Caribbean, 60 species; Mediterranean, 5 ; West African, 45
South African, 11; Indo-Pacific, 38; Australo-Zealandic, 34;
Polynesian, 10; Californian and P^inamic, 14.

Systematists commenced at an early date to divide up the
Marginellas into genera and subgenera. Lamarck, in 1801,
established Volvaria for a fossil species of cylindrical form, with
sharp outer lip ; subsequently, he included recent species of
similar form, but in which the outer lip is slightly thickened.
For these, Schumacher, in 1817, proposed Hyalina. Finally
H. and A. Adams adopt Volvaria as a generic term, including
one recent species, V.pa.llida, and for the cylindrical Marginellas
with thickened lip they use the subgeneric name Volvarina,
Hinds.

Besides Hyalina, Schumacher separated under the name of

14 ' MARGINELLA.

Persicula, those volutiform species having a depressed or sunken
spire.

Swainson, in 1840, founded a classification upon slight differ-
ences in the form of the species ; extremely unsatisfactory because
the change of form in the series is gradual. His genera are
Volutella, Perxicula, Gibberula and Glabella.

In 1844, Hinds divided the species into two groups : Phdeno-
«ptra,with elevated spire ; Cryptoxpira, with hidden spire. The
first corresponds with Marginella as restricted by Schumacher,
the second with that author's Persicula. . H. and A. Adams,
however, have adopted Cryptospira as a subgenus of Marginella,
with nearly obsolete spire, and last whorl gibbous posteriorly;
following it, they place the genus Persicula, with depressed
spire.

Petit, in 1851, divided Marginella into three sections :

1. With spire more or less elevated.

2. With spire depressed or hidden, sometimes umbilicated.

3. Columbelliform species, connecting with the genus Erato.

Gray, in 1857, admitted three genera : 1. Porcellana (— Mar-
ginella) ; 2. Closia, for M. sarda, and not differing essentially
from 3, Persicula.

Messrs. H. and A. Adams, in their " Genera of Recent Mol-
lusca," admit three genera :

Marginella, with the subgenera Glabella, Prunum, Volutella,
and Cryptospira.

Persicula, with the subgenus Gibberula.

Volvaria, with the subgenus Volvarina.

J. H. Redfield, in 1870, writes: — "As to the numerous
subgenera which have been proposed for species of this genus,
they seem to me to be neither useful nor well grounded. In a
series of two or three hundred species it is easy to select a few
salient forms for subgeneric types, but much less easy to allot
all the intermediate species to their proper places under* such
types. All the proposed subgenera are founded on the greater
or less prominence of the spire, and on the degree of the
thickening or reflection of the outer lip. A very slight difference
of the plane of development is all that is involved in the former
character, and all students of the great family Helicidse under-
stand well how little generic value attaches to either character.

MAUlMNKLLA. 15

An evidence of the invalidity of these distinctions is furnished
in the inconsistencies of the catalogues in which they have been
employed. The lingual dentition, when fully studied in a
sufficient number of species, may yet guide us to proper groups ;
but even of this I am less hopeful than formerly." Mr. Redfield
adopts Volvaria, Lamarck ; but for fossil species only.

Jousseaume, in 1875, made thirteen generic divisions of the
Lamarckian genus, viz. : Marginella, Egouvna, Volvarinn,
Serrata, Cryptospira, Gibberula, Granula, Bullata, Closia,
Persicula, Volvaria, Balanetta, Canalispira. Weinkauff, in
1878, found that the distribution of species into the above
groups as made by Jousseaume was very unfortunate. In his
own monograph he has not attempted any grouping according
to the relationships of the species, but has presented them
almost at haphazard ; nevertheless in an Appendix he also
proposes a classification. He thinks that the presence of a basal
sinus in the aperture-margin, in many of the species, affords a
good character, and accordingly presents the following scheme :

Division I. Species with basal sinus.
Section 1. True Marginellas.
Group a. (Marginella. H. & A Ad.). M. glabella, Linn.

" b. (Glabella, H. & A. Ad.). M. faba, L. M. muscaria, Lam.
c. (Eratoidea, Weink. == Marginella and Egouena, Jouss.

partim).

a. With crenated lip. M. margarita, Kiener.
pf. With smooth lip. M. australis, Hinds.
^. ( ~ Serrala, Jouss. ex paite). M. serrata, Gask.
Section 2. (Persicula, Oray).
Gruup a. (Bullata partim, Jouss. ). M. cornea. Lam., M. clandettina,

Hrocc., M. ovulum, Sowb.
" b. (Persicula, Auct.). M. persicula, L. M. interrupta, Lam.,

M. chrysomelina, Kedf.
" c. (Gibberula). M. miliaria, Linn.
R (Granula, Jouss.). M. minuta, Pfr.
Section 3. Species with more or less apparent basal sinus, connecting the

first and second divisions.

Group a. (Closia, Gray). M. Largillierti, Kiener. M. sarda, Kr.
" b. (Cryptospira, Adams, Jouss. ex parte). M. guinqueplicata,

Lam. M. elegans, Gmel.

" c. ( Volutella, H. and A. Adams, Bullata partim, Jouss.). M.
bullata, Born, M. dactylus, Lam.

I() \IAK«S1NKLLA.

DicMion II. Species without banal nitta.*.

Section 1. (Prunum, Adams, Egouena, Jouss. for most part).
Group a. (Labiatce\ M. labiata, Kiener, M. oblonga, Swn.
" b. (Guttatce}. M. guttata, Dillw. M. apicina, Mke.
" c. (Marginatce). M. maryinata, Born, M. prunum, Gmel.
Section 2.

Group a. ( Volvaria, H. and A. Ad.). M. pallida, Linn.

" b. ( Canalispira, Jouss. . M. OlivellceformiSj Jouss.
Section 3. (Volvarina, H. and A. Ad., and Ballanetta, Jouss.). M.
triticea, Lam., M. zonata, Kiener, M. cylindrica, ttowb.

Weinkauff, in 1880, published an excellent synonymic catalogue
of the genus, in the Jahrbiicher der Deutsch. Mai. Gesell. ;
arranged as above.

In addition to the names enumerated above, Mr. T. A. Conrad
has proposed three fossil groups, neither of which he has char-
acterized.

Porcellanella. Type P. bella. Miocene. The species was
not described until 1868, six years after the name was cited in
connection 'with Porcellanella, and then it was placed under
Prunum, so that Conrad abandoned this group.

Microspira, Conrad. Proposed as a subgenus of Volute/la,
Swainson, the type being M. oviformis, a miocene species, pre-
senting no generic characters to distinguish it from numerous
recent Marginellas. (M. oyiformis, Conrad. Manual, vol. iv,
t. 3, f. 42.) ,.

Bulliopsis, Conrad. Type, B, cretacea, Com*. (PI. 3, fig. 29).

The only objection to Weinkauff's arrangement of the species
is that the basal sinus is more or less apparent in the species, so
that they form no sharply defined groups: on the other hand
he has the advantage over Jousseaume, Adams, etc., in clearly
recognizing their artificial nature and subordinate value, by using
the terms division, section and group instead of genus and sub-
genus. The number of species in the genus is so large that it is
convenient to group them as nearly as possible in accordance
with characters wrhich appear to be common to several of the
forms, and for this purpose I shall use some of the systematic
terms heretofore proposed, assigning to them no value, however,
except that of mere convenience.

MARGINKLLA. 17

Typical Group of M. y'lalwlla.

M. GLABELLA, Linn. PI. 5, figs. 57, 58.

Polished, reddish or reddish brown, darker at the suture, with
irregular flecks of opaque white ; lip yellowish brown.

Length, 1-5—2 inches.

West Coast of Africa; Canary Islands.

Fossil in the upper tertiary of Italy. One of the most beau-
tiful species of Marginella ; occasionally the shell occurs
reversed. With this species are to ~be united Pseudomarginella
platypus and leptopus, Carriere (ante p. 6).

M. POUCHETI, Petit. PI. 5, fig. 59.

Color varying from that of M. glabella to chestnut-brown,
without the white flecks ; as in that species, there are obscure
indications of two bands of darker color. Length, 1 inch.

Senegal.

Possibly only a variety of M. glabella.

M. IRRORATA, Menke. PL 5, fig. 60.

Pink or yellowish, closely marked by zig-zag lines of minute
white spots. Length, *75-l inch.

West Africa .

This also is possibly only a variety of M. glabella, but is
smaller, less ventricose, the spire more drawn out, the spots
much more numerous and closer, almost forming lines of zig-zag
longitudinal direction.

M. LABIATA, Yal. PL 5, fig. 61.

Rosy white, sometimes very faintly banded ; lip-margin ex-
teriorly orange. Length, 1—1-2 inches.

Campeachy, Yucatan, Brazil.

M. PYRULATA, Redfield. PL 5, fig. 69.

Like M. labiata, but more elongated, spire more produced.

Length, 1-1 inches.

Habitat unknown.

Described by Sowerby as M. obesa, a natae preoccupied by
Redfield, who changed it as above. The species has not been
identified with any living. Marginella, since it was described,
and I agree with Mr. Redfield that it is possibly a fossil form.

18 MARCH NELL A.

M. GOODALLII, Sowb. PL 5, fig. 62.

Very ventricose, obtusely angulated behind ; yellowish brown,

with a few large, rounded, whitish spots. Length, 1 inch.

Senegal.
M. AURANTTA, Lam. PI. 5, fig. 63.

Orange-red, darker at the sutures, where it is painted with
short white streaks ; surface irregularly mottled with white,
often forming an interrupted band of ver}^ irregular large white
spots in the middle. Length, -8-'9 inch.

. W. Africa, and Cape Verd Is.

Narrower than M. irrorata, yet in one specimen before me the
zig-zag painting of that species is partially repeated.

M. PYRUM, Gmelin. PI. 5, figs. 70, 71.

Body-whorl with an obtuse shoulder; white, irregularly marked
with gray or pink blotches, which are longitudinally shaded on
one side b}^ chestnut or chocolate color ; outer margin of lip
marked by a series of brown dots. Length, 1-25-1-5 inches.

Senegal.

M. intermedia, Sowb. (fig. 71), is probably a white or bleached
specimen of this species ; it is probably Kiener's var. alba of
nubeculata — the name by which Lamarck designated M.pyrum.

M. MOSAicA, Sowb. PI. 5, fig. 72.

Shell white, with faint zig-zag longitudinal stripes of gray,
over which are about nine revolving series of short square spots.

Length, 1 inch.

West Africa.

Very closely allied to M. pyrum, and may be only a variety
of it, differing in the spots added to the painting of that species.

M. ROSEA, Lam. PI. 5, figs. 73, 74, 75.

Smaller than M. pyrum, the shoulder obscure ; sometimes
similarly painted, but the spots and shading smaller and more
numerous; occasionally the ground color is grayish pink, upon
which the spots are white, with chocolate shadings ; spire and
shoulder frequently darker in color ; lip-margin marked outside
with a series of brown spots. Length, -9-1-1 inches.

Cape of Good Hope.

A critical species ; perhaps only a small var. of the preceding.
I am unable to to separate M. piper ata. Hinds (fig. 74), from it.

GLABELLA. 1 9

M. albocincta, Sowb. (fig. 75), described from a single specimen
in the Taylor collection, is also a synonym.

Reeve says of it : "I have no good opinion of this species.
It appears to be a variety of M. piperata, in which a white band
is formed by an accidental absence of coloring matter. " Another
synonym is probably the unfigured M. lineato-labrum , Gaskoin.

M. FULMINATA, Kiener. PI. 5, fig. 78.

Whitish, with brown, zig-zag longitudinal painting.

Length, '75 inch.

Bahia, Brazil.
I have not seen a specimen of this species.

M. PETITII, Duval. PL 5, figs. 76, 77.

White, longitudinally blotched and reticulated with orange-
red or lilac, and numerously speckled with minute brown dots;
body-whorl very obscurely shouldered. Length, 1-1*25 inches.

Senegal ; Cape of Good Hope.

M. Newcombii, Reeve (fig. 77), appears to be synonymous ; it
is said on Cuming's authority to come from L'Agulhas Bank,
Cape of Good Hope.

M. HELMATINA, Rang. PL 5, tigs. 79, 80.

White, very minutely, irregularly speckled with light reddish
brown, with two narrow bands of chestnut spots.

Length, '7-1*4 inches.

West Africa.

Narrower and less shouldered than the preceding species. M.
Cumingiana, Petit (fig. 80), is merely a larger, finer shell of
similar form and painting.

Section Glabella, Swainson.

Volutiform ; spire more or less conic, well developed, usually
longitudinally plaited about the shoulder of the body-whorl ;
pillar with distinct basal plaits ; lip thick, toothed or crenate,
rarely smooth within.

M. BIFASCIATA, Lam. PL 6, figs. 81, 82,

White, more or less clouded with light brown or purple-gray,
covered with small, close dots, usually in revolving series.

Length, '9-1-25 inches.

(Jape Blanco to Gambia, W. Aftita.

20 GLABELLA.

The light-colored varieties (fig. 82) have been called M. are-
naria by Morch.

M. OBTUSA, Sowb. PI. 6, figs. 83, 84.

Shell wide, with short conical spire ; nearly the entire surface
covered with longitudinal obtuse ribs ; white with revolving
series of light chestnut spots and broader bands of the same
color upon the shoulder and near the anterior extremity ; lip
thickly spotted. Length, -75-1-3 inches.

Habitat unknown, probably W. Africa.

The long ribs, rather a peculiar feature in the genus, are not
shown in Sowerby's figure, although indicated in his description.
M. mirabilis, Barclay (fig. 84), is a finely grown specimen.

M. ADANSONI, Kiener. PI. 6, figs. 85, 86.

Light yellowish or orange-brown, with zig-zag longitudinal
shadings, and irregular longitudinal narrow dark brown lines.

Length, -9-1-25 inches.

Senegal and Gambia, West Africa.

M. Bellii, Sowb. (fig. 86), described from a single specimen,
and remaining unique, is probably a dwarfed individual of this
species.

M. DAVISIANA, Marrat.

Shell like M. Bellii, Sowb., but much smaller, thicker, narrower,
and lighter-colored , longitudinal lines distant ; lip crenulated

within, thickened without, columella four-plicate.

West Africa.
Unfigured.

M. NODATA, Hinds. PL 6, fig. 87.

Yellowish brown or grayish, with undulated, thin, dark choco-
late longitudinal stripes, studded at intervals by spots forming
revolving series. No ribs. Length, 1 inch.

Cape Blanco , W. Africa ; in sand at 12-15 fathoms.

Closely allied to the following species and only distinguished
from it by the spots.

M. CLERYI, Petit. PL 6, fig. 88.

Shell smooth ; light yellowish or white, with faint gray bands,
and longitudinal, undulated chocolate stripes. Length, -9 inch.

. •,....• ; West Afric-a.

GLABELLA. 2 1

M. LIMBATA, Lam.' PL 6, fig. 89.

Pale fawn-color, with undulating longitudinal pink lines ; not
ribbed ; outer margin of lip marked by groups of transverse

chocolate-colored spots. Length, -9-1-1 inches.

W. Africa.

Crosse describes a variety with more numerous pink lines, and
another in which they are less numerous and more zig-zag in
direction.

M. LITURATA, Menke.

An unfigured species, less ovate than M. limbata, with the
angulated longitudinal lines broken up into spots.

Length, -75 inch.

Australia.
M. ORNATA, Redfield. PI. 6, fig. 90.

Smooth ; rose or gray, with lighter bands, upon which are
chocolate lines and spots ; outer margin of lip also spotted.

W. Africa.

Described by Reeve as M. vittata, a name preoccupied by
Edwards for a fossil species, Redfield changed the name in
1870 for M. ornata ; subsequently Jousseaume, ignorant of
Redfield 's catalogue, called it M. serpentina.

M. FABA, Linn. PI. 6, fig. 91.

Shell grayish buff, with seven to nine revolving series of distant
chestnut or chocolate spots ^shoulder ribbed.

Length, -8—1*1 inches

Senegambia.

M. laevilabris, Jousseaume (unfigured), is probably synony-
mous with this species.

M. PSEUDOFABA, Sowb. PI. 6, fig. 92.

Larger, with more angulated shoulder and more prominent
costse than M. faba, which it resembles in coloring ; it has a
turriculated spire, and is narrow m front, resembling a Strombus

in shape. Length, 1'5 inches.

Gambia, West Africa.
M. SPLENDENS, Reeve. PI. 6, fig. 93.

Closely longitudinally ridged ; light yellowish brown, with
three revolving series of curved chestnut spots, and numerous

minute dots. Length, '8-*9 inch.

West Africa.

22 GLABELLA.

Petit changed the name of this species to M. fieeveana, because
splendens had been previously used by Grateloup for a fossil
species; but as that shell proved to be synonymous with M.
eburnea, Lam., a still earlier name, I restore splendens.

M. GUILLAINI, Petit. PI. 6, fig. 94.

Longitudinally plicate ; light violaceous, with revolving series
of square brown spots. Length, 18 mill.

Abd-el Goury, near Red Sea.
M. MUSICA, Hinds. PL 6, fig. 95.

Yellowish or light gray, with a few narrow revolving brown
bands, between which are undulated grayish markings.

Length, '75 inch.

Cape Blanco, W. Africa; 12 to 15 fathoms.

M. Tyermani, Marrat, an unfigured species, appears from the
description to be closely allied to, if not identical with M. musica.

M. DIADOCHUS, Ad. and Reeve. PL 6, figs, 96, -97.

Pale ash-color, tinged with orange, with black revolving lines.
Length, 1 inch.

Straits of Sunda (Ad. and Reeve) ; W. Africa (Marrat;.
Spire more elevated than in M. musica.

M. BELCHERI, Hinds. PL 6, figs. 98, 99.

Yellowish brown, delicately penciled throughout, but espec-
ially in the middle, with longitudinal brown markings, forming
revolving bands. Length, -8 inch.

Cape filanco, W. Africa ; 12 to 15 fathoms.

The spire is more elevated than in M. musica, and the pattern
of painting is different ; yet the two are very closely allied.

M. VEXILLUM, Redfield. PL 6, fig. 100.

Yellowish, with broad and narrow purple-chestnut revolving
bands ; lip-margin spotted with chestnut. Length, '75 inch.

Cape Palmas, W. Africa.

M. HARP^EFORMIS, Beck. PL 6, fig 1.

Fulvous white, sometimes faintly banded with ash, with rows
of minute brown dots, and occasionally interrupted superior and

inferior brown bands. Length, *7-*8 inch.

Senegal, W. Africa.

GLABELLA. SW

M. FORMICTJLA, Lam. PI. 6, figs. 2, 3.

Yellowish white, tops of ribs and lip-margin ivory-white.

Length, *5-'6 inch.

So. Australia, Tasmania.

M. muscaria, Lam. (fig. 3), is somewhat larger, the lip thicker,
the inner lip callous and the spire and back of the shell also
callously thickened, so that the ribs become obsolete or hidden,
but the series before me affords indubitable evidence that it is
merely a heavy, older state of M. formicula. Erato lactea,
Button, is identical.

M. TURBINATA, Sowb. PL 7, figs-. 4, 5.

Yellowish white, slightly plicate on the shoulder of the body-
whorl, plicae sometimes obsolete. Length, '35-'4 inch.

Port Jackson, Australia.

M. Volutiformi$i Reeve (fig. 5 , is a smooth variation of this
species, apparently.

M. CYPR^OIDES, Tenison-Woods.

White, smooth, spire hidden by the produced and thickened
outer lip. Length, 6 mill.

Tasmania.

Smaller than M. Volutiformis, and destitute of plaits on the
shoulder. Unfigured. I have not seen this species, and there-
fore cannot place it with confidence. The name was used long
since by Anton for a shell which has never been identified.

M. TASMANICA, Tenison-Woods. PL 7, fig. 6.

Translucent, milk-white, suture callous. Length, 9-10 mill.

Tasmania.

Is longer and narrower than M. tw binata, with a much more
elevated spire, and no trace of ribs.

M. OPALINA, Stearns. PL 7, fig. 7.

Smooth, polished, light or dark amber-colored, sometimes
obscurely darker banded ; lip-margin internally crenated, strongly
notched above. Length, 3'5-4 mill.

Tampa Bay, Florida.

Found on the under side of bunches of oyster-shells, near
low-water mark.

24 GLABELLA.

M. AUREOCINCTA, Stearns. PI. 7, fig. 8.

Smooth, sutures enameled, spire acutely elevated ; white, with
two amber-colored bands. Length, -16 inch.

Long Key, W. Coast of Fl,orida.

Figured from the unique specimen kindly loaned to me by Mr.
Stearns.

M. DEFORMIS, Nevill. PL 7, fig. 9.

White, with two spiral chestnut bands. Length, 4'5 mill.

Ceylon.

Resembles M. picturata, Nevill, from Mauritius in form, but
differs in coloring.

M. NEVILLI, Jousseaume. PL 7, figs. 15, 16.

White, smooth, shining. Length, 4 mill.

Is. of Bourbon ; Mauritius.

The name adopted is substituted by Jousseaume for M. incon-
spicua, Nevill, not Sowerby. I add M. Lantzi, Jousseaume (fig.
16), which appears to be a younger state of the same species.
The form is so nearly like that of M. picturata, Nevill (fig. 17),
from Mauritius also, that I think it probable it will prove to be
an unpainted state of that species.

M. FUSIFORMIS, Hinds. PL 7, figs. 10-12.

White, slightly angulated posteriorly. Length, 4 mill.
Straits of Malacca, in mud, at 17 fathoms (Hinds);

/. Bourbon (Deshayes).

M. inflexa, Sowb. (fig. 11), described without locality, is very
probably synonymous, and I agree with Dr. Weinkauff that M.
unilineata, Jousseaume, founded on the shell figured by Reeve
for M. fusiformis (fig. 12), and which differs from the type in
possessing an inferior revolving brown band, cannot be distin-
guished, except, perhaps, as a variety.

M. H^MATITA, Kiener. PL 7, figs. 13, 14.

Smooth, or very slightly pitted, light lilac-red.

Length, -S5--4 inch.

Porto Rico, West Indies.

M. electrum, Reeve (fig. 14), is founded on a faded specimen,
in which the lip is worn smooth ; I have similar specimens in
the collection of M. hsematita before me.

(il.AKKLLA. 25

M. FESTIVA, Kiener. PI. 7, fig. 18.

Whitish, mottled, irregularly with fulvous, and encircled by

three rose-colored bands. Length, '5 inch.

' East Africa (Reeve).

M. PICTURATA, Nevill. PI. 7, fig. 11.

Cone-shaped, smooth ; light chestnut, with two white zones

maculated with chestnut. Length, 3'5 mill.

Mauritius.
M. SCRIPTA, Hinds. PL 7, fig. 19.

Yellowish white, with zig-zag longitudinal brown lines, and
two bands of distant brown spots. Length, 7'5. mill.

Straits of Macassar, in coarse sand, 11 to 15

fathoms i Belcher); Madagascar (Petit).

M. LIFOUANA, Crosse. PL 7, fig. 20.

Yellowish white, sparingly longitudinally strigate with flex-
nous brown lines. Length, 4'5 mill.

New Caledonia.

Is possibly a young, and not well-marked specimen of M.
scripta.

M. LUCIA, Jousseaume. PL -7, fig. 21.

Spire scarcely apparent, the lip advanced upon it ; white, with
undulating longitudinal brown lines. Length, 3 mill.

Cape Verd Islands.

Very like M. Lifouana in coloring, but having less prominent
spire.

M. MARGARITA, Kiener. PL 7, figs. 22, 23.

White ; columellar plaits and lip-denticulations conspicuous.

Length, 6-7 mill.

West Indies.

This species is not found in the East Indies or India, as stated
by Kiener and most European monographers. M. Candida,
Sowb. (fig. 23), is synonymous.

M. STRIATA, Sowb. PL 7, figs. 24-26.

Wlitish ; volutiform, longitudinally finely folded or striated ;
columellar plaits and lip-cren illations very prominent.

Length, 4-5 mill.

West Indies ; Brazil.

M. xulcata, cVOrb. (fig. 25), is probably the same species, or
4

^J» QLAB8LLA.

at most a variety, and M. scnlari*, Jouss. (fig. 2f>), is also
synonymous.

M. CHAPERT, Jousseaume. PI. 7, fig. 27.

Vitreous white, or cream-color. Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.
A very doubtful species.

M. PUMILA, Redfield. PL 7, fig. 28.

Pallid corneous. Length, 5 mill.

Port Louis Harbor, Mauritius.

Described by A. Adams as M. pusilla, a name preoccupied by
Edwards for a fossil species. Jousseaume, in ignorance of the
substitution made by Redfield, proposed for it the name M.
Borbonica.

M. SERRATA, Gaskoin. PL 7, fig. 31.

White; columella four-plaited, lip closely denticulated.

Length, 7*5 mill.

Mauritius.
M. SCINTELLA, Jousseaume.

An unfigured species, from an unknown locality, and referred
by its author to his genus or group Serrata, which includes H.
serrata, Gaskoin. In the absence of authentic figures or speci-
mens, it is not determinable.

M. OSTEBT, Jousseaume. PL 7, fig. 32.

White; columella four-plaited, lip minutely denticulated.
Length, 3 '8 mill.

Habitat unknowns

* Lip not denticulated.

M. TRANSLUCIDA, Sowb. PL 7, figs. 29, 80 ; PL 8, fig. 35.

White. Length, 7 -5 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

M. Strangei, Angas (fig. 30), is evidently a synonym, and I
place here also M. pygmsea, Sowb. (fig. 35), described ^thout
locality, from a single specimen in the Bell collection. It is the
M. attenuata, Reeve, of Weinkauff, and has also been sent to me
by Australian collectors under that name, but Reeve's species
is entirely different and does not belong in the same group.

GLABELLA. 27

M. AUSTRALIS, Hinds. PL 7, figs. 33, 34 ; PI. 8, fig. 36.

White to orange-brown ; lip and interior of aperture orange
or yellowish. Length, 6-7 '5 mill.

N. W. Australia ; New South Wales.

M. Metcalfei, Angas (fig. 34), and M. ochracea, Angas (fig.
36), are juveniles of this species. Redfield and Weinkauff have
placed as a synonym here M. oryza (= debilis), Pease ; but that
species has a crenulated lip.

M. VITREA, Hinds. PI. 8, fig. 37.

Milk-white; much more angular and conical than M. mar-

garita, Kiener. Length, 6 mill.

W. Coaxt of Africa.
M. INCONSPICUA, Sowb. PI. 8, fig. 38.

Milk-white. Length, 6 mill.

West Indies (Coll. Philad. Acad.).

M. SAULLE, Sowb. PL 8, fig 39.

Pallid fulvous, with two red revolving lines. Length, 7*5 mill.

Cape Verd Is. (Weinkauff).
M. EVANIDA, Sowb. PL 8, fig. 40.
Milk-white. Length, 6 mill.

Lower Guinea • Benguela (Weinkauff).

Dr. Weinkauff suspects that this will prove identical with M.
Saulife.

M. SUAVIS, Souverbie. PL 8, fig. 41.

Opaline white, with three red-brown bands, the middle one

broad, the others narrow. Length, 3 mill.

New Caledonia.
M. NEGLECT A, Sowb. PL 8, figs. 42, 43.

Reddish yellow, three-banded, with red spots.

Length, 0 mill.

Cape of Good Hope; Isle of Bourbon (Deshayes).

The above is the description of M. nifula, Gaskoin. M.
neglecta, Sowb. (fig. 42), which is described as pallid fulvous,
faintlv, trifasciate, length 6 mill., appears to me to be the
same species, and has priority. Jonsseaume supposed Reeve's
figure of M. neglecta to differ specifically from Sowerby's shell,
and calls the former M. igtwta. I am not nble to separate
them.

28 , PRUNUM.

Section Prunum (Ma-tini). Adams.

Shell smooth, oval, spire slightly prominent ; outer lip thick,
unarmed, inner lip frequently forming a callous deposit ; color
light gray or yellowish gray, usualty without distinct bands or
spots ; exterior lip-margin sometimes orange-brown.

M. MARGINATA, Born. PI. 8, figs. 44-51.

Occasional^ very obscurely two-banded ; callous deposit on
inner lip wide and thick, so that viewed from the back the shell
appears margined all round, like a Cyprsea. Length, 1 inch.
Senegal, West Africa ; West Indies ; Brazil.

M. marginata is a West African species which, like many
others from that locality, reappears in the West Indies, where
it has received the name of M. cincta, Kiener (fig. 46). The last
has hitherto been considered distinct, but I find no characters
by which to separate it. I am compelled to add to the synonymy
as a minor variety, the West India M. Storeria, Couthouy (fig.
41), a name applied to the smaller and usually younger specimens
of 'M. cincta, and in which the color is sometimes darker; also
M. amygdala, Kiener (fig. 51), which, coming from West Africa,
is similarly related to M. marginata. M. cransilabrum, Reeve (fig.
48), M. Saulcyana, Petit (fig. 49), M. Loroisi, Bernard! (fig. 50),
are also synonyms. Apparently M. marginata, like the West
Indian M. prunum, occurs on the West Coast of America also ;
at least, I have before me specimens said to come from Panama
(Haagensen) and San Bias (Duff).

M. CURTA, Sowb. PL 8, fig. 52.

Light grayish brown, strigate with white longitudinally, or
obsolete^ narrowly banded with white ; lip-margin externally
marked with orange, lip and callus white, interior of aperture

orange-color. Length, '85-1 inch.

West Coast of South America.

A darker-colored, thinner, more swollen shell than the
preceding species; peculiar in its strigations, appearing as
though scratched.

M. LABROSA, Redfield. PL 8, figs. 53, 54.

Yellowish white, lip-margin and callus white.

Length, 10-12 mill,

West Indies.

PRUNUM. 29

First described by Sowerby as M. erasQilabrum, a name pre-
occupied by both Lea and Conrad for fossil species, and therefore
changed as above ; subsequently Jousseaume, ignorant of
Redfield's work, called it M. Leai. Dr. Weinkauff confounds
M. crassilabrurrij Sowerby, with M. crassilabrum, Reeve — the
latter a synonym of M. marginata, Born.

M. GIBBOSA, Jousseaume. PI. 8, figs, 55, 56.

More gibbous than M. labroxa, the columella with six or seven

plications. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Differs somewhat in form from the last species, and in having
more than four columellar folds — yet, I doubt its distinctness.

M. KEENII, Marrat. PL 8, fig. 57.

Color orange-buff, somewhat translucent ; columella four-
plaited ; outer lip thickened, smooth within. Length, 12 mill.

80. Africa.

I am unacquainted with this species. .

M. PULCHRA, Gray. PI. 5, figs. 67, 68.

Yellowish flesh-color, with two narrow faint red bands.

Length, 1 inch.

West Indies.

Larger than M. Olivseformis, the aperture conspicuously
channeled behind, the bands of color narrower and more
regular. Appears to connect the foregoing W. African group
with that of M. prunum, of the West Indies. M. Hondura&ensis,
Reeve (fig. 68), is a juvenile shell.

M. PRUNUM, Gmelin. PI. 8, figs. 58-61 ; PI. 9, fig. 62.

Light olivaceous or yellowish white, sometimes very faintly
banded ; lip-margin usually bordered exteriorly with orange, lip
and columella white, interior chestnut-brown.

Length, 1-1*5 inches.

West Indies ; Panama ; Sierra Leone ? ; Brazil.

With this species I unite M. sapotilla, Hinds, from Panama
(fig. 62) ; M. Burchardi, Dunker (fig. 60), locality unknown ;
and M. Martini, Petit ifig. 61), from Rio Janeiro. The original
figure of M. sapotilla, which I have copied, represents a young
shell ; similar dark-colored specimens of this age occur among

30 CRYPTOSPIRA.

West Indian shells ; the full-grown shells from Panama being
precisely like the West Indian specimens figured (figs. 58-59).

Section Cryptospira, Hind.--.

Shell swollen, smooth, spire very short, nearly concealed ;
columella five- or six-plaited ; outer lip thickened, smooth within ;
color gray or yellowish olivaceous, usually without bands,
sometimes interruptedly banded or strigate. Nearly related
to Prunum, but differs in having a shorter spire, less callous
deposit and more columellar teeth or plaits.

M. QUINQTJEPLICATA, Lain. PI. 9, figs. 63-66.

Light olivaceous or slate-color ; lip and interior white or
tinged with yellow. Length, 1-1 '5 inches.

Bay of Bengal, Malacca, Sumatra.
Yar. HAINESII, Petit (fig. 66).

Shell callously thickened throughout.

M. encaustica, Reeve (fig. 65), is considered by Weinkauff a
very young shell of M. qu'inqueplicata ; I think this very probable,
the additional columellar folds, and the numerous lip-denticula-
tions being probably evanescent juvenile characters. I am
helped to this conclusion by the fact that other juvenile forms
exhibit similar characters.

M. ELEGANS, Gmelin. PI. 9, figs. 67-70, 82 ; PL 2, fig. 8.

Gray, copiously banded with dark iron-gray, the bands
composed of close longitudinal strigations ; lip and lower part
of columella orange-brown. Length, 1-1*75 inches.

Nicobar Is. ; Moluccas.

With this species I unite as synonyms, M. strigata, Dillwyn
(figs. 68, 69), a variety in which the strigations become undulated ;
M. Bur char di, Reeve (not Dunker) = M. Loebbeckeana, Wein-
kauff (fig. 70) — a colorless variety, to which belong M. glauca
and M. Marchi of Jousseaume.

M. RUBENS, Martens. PI. 13, fig. 39.

Shell ovate, corneous, margin of the lip pallid orange ; colu-
mellar plications three, parietal plications two.

Length, 19 mill.

E. Coast of Patagonia, 60 fathoms.
Closely allied to M. glauca, Jousseaume, in form, but differs in

CRYPTOSPIRA. ;M

tint and in haying a thickened lip-margin, and in the second
plication being more unlike the lower one.

M. TRICINCTA, Hinds. PI. 9, figs. 71, 72.

Ash-color, very obscurely triple-banded with chestnut.

Length, -9 inch.

Straits of Macassar, coarse sand, at 11 fathoms (Belcher).

The bands are usually more visible within the aperture, being
almost or entirely obscured by the gray callous coating. M. im-
mersa, Reeve (fig. 72), is a

M. TRAILLII, Reeve. PL 9, fig. 73.

Yellowish white, lip thickly reflected, columella five-plaited.

Length, -55 inch.

Malacca.

Dr. Weinkauff thinks this is probably the young of M. Loeb-
beckeana (= elegans), but it seems to be much more cylindrical
than that species. It is in the Cumingian collection.

M. SEXPLICATA, Dunker. PL 9, fig. 74.

Grayish, inconspicuously longitudinally strigate, columella
six-plaited. Length, -5 inch.

Japan.

Described by Sowb. in 1870 as M. obtusa, a specific name pre-
occupied by himself in 1846, and therefore changed to xexpli-
cata by Dunker in 1871, and to grisea by Jousseaume in 1875.

M. ODORICYI, Bernardi. PL 9, fig. 75.

White, with broad yellow bands, which are longitudinally
strigate with orange-brown ; interior of aperture orange.

Length, 18 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Described from a single specimen in a worn condition.

M. BERNARDII, Largill. PL 9, fig. 76.

Fulvous ash, longitudinally streaked with grayish brown;
columella six-plaited. Length, 20 mill.

China Sea.
M. OLIVELLA, Reeve. PL 9, figs. 77, 83.

Inflated above, glassy white ; columella four- to five-plaited.
Length, 10 mill.

N. S. Walts, Australia.

32 CHYPTOSPIKA.

The upper fold of the columella is minute, sometimes not
present, and this shell, as well as the next, are referred to the
present section with some doubt.

M. PR^ECALLOSA, Higgins.

An unfigured species, yellowish white, linearly strigate, and
with two distant bands ; columella five-plaited, lip callously
reflected, flexuously plicate within. Length, 25 mill.

Habitat unknown.
M. OBLONGA, Swainson. PI. 9, figs. 78-80.

Flesh-color, obscurely broadly banded with a darker tint, and
bearing two chestnut spots on the outer lip ; sometimes slightly

flecked with white. Length, -8-1 inch.

Bahamas and Yucatan.

Is more attenuated than the next species, which it neverthe-
less so closely resembles in its occasional flecked coloration and
in having the two spots on the lip, as to suggest community of
origin. Mr. Redfield has proposed the names M. amabilis (fig.
79), and M. rostrata (fig. 80y\ for what appear to me to be only
slight variations of this species : the latter has* been indepen-
dently described lay Jousseaume as M. canella.

M. GUTTATA, Dillwyn. PL 9, fig. 81.

Flesh-colored, obscurely broadly banded with a darker tint
over which are irregular snow-white flecks ; outer lip and base
bearing from two to five brown spots or short stripes.

Length, -65-'9 inch.

West Indies, Florida, Beavfort, N. Carolina,.

See remarks on preceding species.

M. NIVOSA, Hinds. PL 10, figs. 84, 85.

Pale flesh-color, obsoletely banded, with narrow longitudinal
strigations and fleckings of white ; lip without spots.

Length, *5-'75 inch.

West Indies.

With this must be united M. pruinosa, Hinds (fig. 85), and
M. nivea, C. B. Adams— the latter an unfigured species, founded
on small specimens. M. punctulata, Petit, is an unfigured species
from Senegal, which has not been identified heretofore ; the
description agrees well enough with nivosa. If it could be posi-
tively identified it would have priority over mvo#a.

CRYPTOSPIRA. 33

M. OLIV^EFORMIS, Kiener. PI. 5, figs. 64-66.

Rather narrow, flesh-color, obscurely two- or three-banded, and
occasionally longitudinally mottled with a darker tint.

Length, '6 inch.

Senegal.

I agree with Weinkauff that M. laeta, Jousseaume (fig. 65), is
scarcely more than a fine, small example of this species. M.
Hindsiana, Petit (fig. 66), proposed instead of M. constricta,
Hinds, a name preoccupied by Conrad for a fossil species, is
probably a synonym.

M. CARNEA, Storer. PI. 10, fig. 86.

Orange-red, with a median narrow white band ; lip and callus
white. Length, '75 inch.

West Indies, Florida, Beaufort, N. Carolina.

This very distinct species has been misunderstood by the
European monographers, who have all confounded it with forms
of M. oblong a, Swains.

M. ROSCIDA, R,edfield. PI. 10, fig. 88.

Yellowish flesh-color, flecked with white, tending to become
longitudinally white-streaked below the suture ; lip marked by
two distant chestnut spots, with usually a third at its junction

with the spire. Length, -6 inch.

North and South Carolina.

Is very nearly related to the next species, but the spire is
more developed, the shoulder more distinctly angular, and has
the white spots of which M. apicina is destitute. It is a. critical
species and may prove to be only a variety of M. apicina.

M. APICINA, Menke. PL 10, figs. 89, 90.

Pure white, bluish, purple, pinkish or yellowish white, or
orange-yellow, faintly darker banded, with two, three or four
chestnut spots on the margin of the outer lip — sometimes obso-
lete. Length, -4--6 inch.

West Indies, Florida, Bahamas.

The pure white variety has been described by Jousseaume as
M. virgmea.

M. PELLUCIDA, Pfeiffer. PI. 10, fig. 91.

Thin, diaphanous, orange-brown, sometimes faintly banded
5

IU CRYPTOSPIRA.

with a darker tint ; lip narrowly margined externally with
orange-red. Length, *5 inch.

West Indies, Bahamas.

Has the form of M. apicina, but differs remarkably in its
diaphanous texture.

M. NITIDA, Hinds. PL 10, figs. 92, 93.

Thin, pellucid, amber-color ; more cylindrical than M.pellucida,
with the spire more produced. Length, *45 inch.

Tampa Bay, Fla.

M. nitida was described without locality, but both description
and figure so entirely correspond with M. succinea, Conrad (fig.
93), that I cannot doubt their identity. M. zuccinea is figured
from the author's type.

M. WALLACEI, Jousseaume. PI. 10, figs. 94, 95.

Orange-brown with a central white zone ; columella obliquely
four-plaited ; lip white, thickened and margined, minutely and
irregularly dentate within. Length, 12 mill.

Locality not certain, probably West Indies.

The minute lip-denticulations, if permanent, Separate this
species widely from its nearest allies in form and coloring ;
otherwise it is very like a small M. carnea.

M. CANTHARUS, Reeve. PL 10, fig. 96.

Transparent horny, rather solid, obscurely banded ; lip thick-
ened, opaque white. Length, 11 mill.

Habitat unknown.
M. CAPENSIS, Dunker. PL 10, fig. 97.

White, tinged or obscurely banded with very light orange-

browTn. Length, 12 mill.

Cape of Good Hope.
Of rather inflated growth.

M. PAXILLUS, Reeve. PL 10, fig. 98.

White or tinged with orange-brown ; spire somewhat exserted,
body-whorl rather swollen above, attenuated below ; lip thickened,
smooth, flexuous ; columella four-plaited. Length, 8-9 mill.
Off Florida (Pourtales) ; West Coast of Florida (Jewett).

Described by Reeve without locality.

M. REDFIELDII, Tryon. PL 10, fig. 99.

Smooth, polished, white or yellowish • narrow, spire drawn

CRYPTOSPIRA. 35

out, body-whorl attenuated below; lip flexuous, smooth, not
much thickened externally, not thickened within ; columella
obliquely four-plaited. Length, 8 mill.

Dredged off Florida (Pourtales).

Of same general type as M. paxillus, but proportionally much
narrower, with the spire exserted.

M. ANNULATA, ReCVC. PL 10, fig. 100.

Rather solid, yellowish white, brown-margined below the
sutures; body-whorl gibbously angled above; lip thickened,
flexuous, columella four-plaited. Length, 8 mill.

Habitat unknown.
M. TRIPLICATA, Gaskoin. PI. 10, figs. 1, 2.

Tumid pear-shaped, fleshy white, shining ; spire small ; lip
thickly margined ; columella triplicate. Length, 7 mill.

Philippines.
A very characteristic, cowry-shaped species.

Seutinn Volutelia, 8w;ii .-on.

Bulliform, ovate-oblong ; spire depressed ; pillar with four
oblique plaits at the fore-part, lip smooth within.

M. BULLATA, Born. PI. 10, figs. 3, 4.

Pale buff, sometimes very indistinctly banded with a darker
tint ; reddish brown within the aperture.

Length, 2'5-3'5 inches.

Bahia, Brazil.

This is the largest species of the genus and a veritable giant
among Marginellas. A pale lemon-colored variety has been
called M. Cuvieri, Desh. ( fig. 4).

M. ANGUSTATA, Sowb. PL 10, tig. 5.

White, covered by interrupted chocolate or chestnut revolving
lines, some of them approximating into bands.

Length, '7-1 '25 inches.

Indian Ocean ; Australia.

M. BLANDA, Hinds. PL 10, tig. 6.

Orange-brown, outside and inside ; obsoletely fasciated.

Length, '75 inch.

(Jape Blanco, W. Africa, 12 15 fathoms.

36 PERSICULA.

M. DACTYLUS, Lam. PL 10, fig. 1.

Pale fawn-color, without and in the interior.

Length, 1-1 inches.

Hong-Kong, China; Hinds.

Is more cylindrical than M. blanda, and has five columellar
plaits.

M. ELLIPTIC A, Redfield. PI. 10, fig, 8.

White, or very faintly yellowish banded. Length, 9'5 mill.

Ins. Fanning, Polynesia.

Described by Mr. Pease as M. elongata, a name preoccupied by
Bellardi for a fossil species.

Section Pers'oula, Schumacher.

Shell bulliform, spire depressed or sunken ; usually banded
or spotted ; aperture long, the outer lip generally denticulated
within, with a posterior channel, inner lip with a callosity
posteriorly, four plaits anteriorly, with smaller ones behind
them, becoming obsolete.

M. CORNEA, Lam. PI. 10, fig. 9.

Fulvous flesh-color, obsoletely darker banded, lip and callus

lighter. Length, -8-1 inch.

West Africa.

M. PERSICULA, Linn. * PL 10, fig. 10.

Fulvous white, copiously spotted with orange-red or chestnut.

Length, -7 5-- 9 inch.

Senegambia, Cape Verd Is.

M. CINGULATA, Dillw. PL 10, fig. 11.

Fulvous white, with conspicuous zig-zag chestnut revolving

lines. Length, 'T— *9 inch.

W. Africa, Canaries, Cape Verd Is.

In some specimens before me the revolving lines have broken
up into spots ; so that, distant as the two patterns of painting
normally appear, this and the preceding may prove to be
varieties of a single species.

M. MULTILINEATA, Sowb. PL 10, fig. 12.

Yellowish, with close-set chestnut revolving lines.

Length, *5 inch.

Belize, Honduras,

PERSICULA. 37

M. PORCELLANA, Gmeliii. PL 10, fig. 13.

Whitish, tesselated with close-set rows of chestnut quadran-
gular spots. Length, *65 inch.

Venezuela.
M. KIENERIANA, Petit. PI. 10, fig. 14.

Fawn to chestnut-color, with four white bands, on which are
distant chocolate spots. Length, '5-*75 inch.

Laguayra, Venezuela.
M. CALCULUS, Redfield. PL 10, fig. 15.

Whitish, tesselated with rows of chestnut spots, shaded with
white, and forming longitudinal zig-zags. Length, '4 inch.

Grenadines, West Indies.

This is the M. guttata of Sowerby, not Dillw. or Swains., arid
the M. maculosa of Reeve, not Kiener.

M. INTERRUPTE-LINEATA, Muhlf. PL 11, figS. 16, 17.

Yellowish white, profusely marked with gray or chestnut spots
and short lines, in interrupted revolving series.

Length, -5-'75 inch.

Liberia, West Indies, Venezuela.

M. OBESA, Redfield. PL 11, figs. 18, 19.

Differs from M. inter rupte-lineata, in being usually larger,
more ventricose, the revolving lines sometimes merging into
spots, and in the outer margin of the lip possessing three spots;
yet I think it will prove to be only a variety of that species.

Length, '6-*75 inch.

Venezuela, Brazil.
M. IMBRICATA, Hinds. PL 11, figs. 20, 21.

Yellowish white, with revolving series of spots and lines of
chestnut color, usually forming a single darker interrupted band
on the periphery. Length, '5 inch.

Acapulco Pacific Coast of Mexico.

M. Vautieri, Bernardi (fig. 21), appears to be a young shell
of this species.

M. MACULOSA, Kiener. PL 11, figs. 22, 23.

Yellowish white, with revolving series of light chestnut spots,
bordered with milk-white ; there are usually two white bands,
upon which are larger and darker spots. Length, -4--5 inch.

West Indies.

M. mvraliS) Hinds (fig. 23), is a synonym.

38 PERSICULA.

M. DE BURGHS, A. Adams. PI. 11, fig. 24.

Transparent white, with larger and smaller chestnut spots in
alternate rows. Length, -4-'5 inch.

N. W. Coast of Australia.

I have before me specimens of a pure white variety, from
Nicol Bay, communicated by John Brazier, Esq.

M. PULCHELLA, Kiener. PL 11, fig. 25.

Yellowish white, with zig-zag longitudinal series of chestnut
spots and lines, and usually two darker revolving series.

Length, -35-*4 inch.

Sydney, Australia (Authors); Ceylon (Nevill).

M. PHRYGIA, Sowb. PI. 11, fig. 26.

Shell gibbous ; yellowish, with zig-zag series of chestnut spots
and lines, and two or three revolving series of darker color.

Length, -3-'4 inch.

Acapulco and Gulf of California.

Marked like M. pulchella, but not so cylindrical in form. It
is the M. guttata of Swains., not Dillw.-, and M. Swainsoniana,
Petit.

M. FRUMENTUM, Sowb. PI. 11, fig. 27.

Form and pattern of coloring very like M. phrygia, but the
shell is slightly more cylindrical, and the zig-zags are usually
much closer ; the heavier coloring forming the bands, curves in
an opposite direction. Length, -25-'35 inch.

Coast of Ecuador (Redfield); W, Coast of South

America (Weinkauff).

M. CATENATA, Mont. PI. 11, figs. 28, 29.

Shell whitish, with chain-like revolving series of chestnut and
milk-white spots. Length, -15--25 inch.

West Indies, W. Coast of N. America.

M. alba, C. B. Adams, is probably founded on a worn specimen
of this species. Mr. W. H. Dall records the occurrence of M.
catenata on the West Coast of America at Panama, Cape St.
Lucas, and also at the Galapagos Is. ' There are six to ten of the
revolving chains of spots, and frequently the chestnut-colored
ones are not apparent, so that the shell is thin, whitish, trans-
lucent, with milk-white spots.

PKRSKTLA. 39

M. PULCHERRIMA, Gaskoiu. PI. 11, fig-. 30.

Shell light yellowish, usually with darker bands and four
revolving rows of brown and milk-white spots.

Length, -15--25 inch.

West Indies (Gaskoin); Bahamas (Redfield).

Has the form of M. catenata, and has frequently been con-
founded with it. May be distinguished by the faint bands and
fewer series of revolving spots.

M. SAGITTATA, Hinds. PL 11, fig. 31.

Yellowish white, with light chestnut sagittate revolving series,
and interrupted lighter, longitudinal zig-zag markings.

Length, -25-'35 inch.

Caribbean; Bahamas to Brazil; Australia.

Has the form of M. catenata and nearly the markings of M.
phrygia. I have before me "specimens collected by J. Brazier
in King George's Sound, S. W. Australia, which do not differ
from the normal West Indian form of the species.

M. CHRYSOMELTNA, Redfield. PI. 11, fig. 32.

Yellowish white, with regularly spaced subquadrangular brown

spots in revolving series. Length, *3 inch.

West Indies.
M. PACIFICA, Pease. PI. 11, fig. 33.

Whitish, with four or five rows of arrow-head brown markings.

Length, 5 mill.

Paumotus Is.

Smaller and more cylindrical than M. sagittata, Hinds ; the
arrow-heads point to the left.

M. DUBIOSA, Dall. PL 11, fig. 34.

Yellowish brown, with uncertain fluctuating white bars, spots
and streaks, irregularly disposed, with a general tendency to
elongation in the direction of the lines of growth ; callus above
the spire marked with a circle of radiating brown dots, with an
obscure white band outside of them ; a dark brown patch on
the outer edge of the outer lip. Length, -3 inch.

Acapulco, Mexico.

Described from a single, evidently beach-worn specimen* and
must be considered a doubtful species.

40 I'KRSIOULA.

M. OVULUM, Sowb. PI. 11, fi<r. 35.

/ o

White. Length, -8 mill.

E. Australia.
M. OCCULTA, Monterosato. PI. 11, fig. 36.

Whitish. Length, 2-3 mill.

Palermo, Sicily.
M. PISUM, Reeve. PL 11. fig. 31.

White. Length, 4 mill.

Australia (Strange).

It would be difficult to show any good distinctive characters
between this and M. occulta. It might also be a young M.
ovulum.

M. CLANDESTINA, Brocchi. PI. 11, fig. 38 ; PL 2, fig. 10.

Glassy white, obovate, spire immersed, columella four-plaited,
outer lip thickened and margined. Length, 3 mill.

Coast of Portugal; Canary Islands; Mediterranean

Sea, from Gibraltar to Egypt. Fossil in

the tertiary of Italy and Sicily.

M. ISSELI, Nevill. PL 11, fig. 39.

White, more elongated than M. clandestine^, and smaller.

Length, 1-25 mill.

Suez (Issel); Coast of Persia, 25 fathoms (Blanford).

Described by Issel as M. pygmsea, a name preoccupied by
Sowerby.

M. ORYZA, Lam. PL 11, fig. 40.

Whitish, or yellowish white, with a broad central chestnut

band. Length, 8 mill.

Senegal; Cape Verd Is.

Specimens before me, agreeing otherwise with the figures of
this species, have the spire apparent, although short. There
are four columellar folds, and in addition a number of trans-
verse denticulations extending nearly the entire length of the
inner lip. Remarking the presence of these, not mentioned in
Lamarck's description, Jousseaume adopts Adanson's name for
the species and calls it M. stipon, believing it to differ from M.
oryzoi.

M. DENS, Reeve. PL 11, fig. 41.

Pear-shaped, opal- white. Length, 7 mill.

Borneo.

(ilBBEKI LA. 41

M. GUANCHA, d'Orb. PI. 11, fig. 42.

Whitish; columella four-plaited. Length, 1 '5 mill.

Canary Islands.
Narrower than M. clandestina, and compressed at the ends.

M. OVULIFORMIS, d'Orb. PI. 11, fig. 43.

White, columella with three plaits'. Length, 1*5 mill.

West Indie*.
Possibly an immature shell.

M. MARGARITULA, Carpenter.

White, columella with four plaits , very like M. ovuliformis,

Length, -032-'0f3 inch.

Mazatlan, W. Coast of Mexico.
I have no specimens of this unfigured, very minute species.

M. PYRIFORMIS, Carpenter. PI. 13, fig. 38.

Like M. margaritula, but sometimes tinged with light orange;
longer and narrower in front; lip (not always) very minutely
denticulated ; columellnr plaits rather acute. Length, 2 mill.

Monterey to San Diego, Cal.

M. LEFEVREI, Bernardi. PI. 11, fig. 44.

White or slightly yellowish. Length, 13 mill.

Habitat unknown.
Section Gibberula, Swainson.

Shell suboval ; spire slightly prominent ; outer lip posteriorly
dilated and gibbous, not denticulated. A group of small species
differing from Persicula in the spire being slightly prominent
instead of sunken.

M. MONILIS, Linn. PI. 11, figs. 45, 46.

Ivory-white ; columella four-plaited ; above the plaits are
additional denticulations. Length, 10-12 mill.

West Africa; Red Sea; L of Socotra.

The African tribes form necklaces of these shells. For the
purpose of stringing them a hole is made through the upper
part of the body-whorl, apparently by rubbing. M. Petit, finding
the figures of this species in Sowerby's Thesaurus to have a spire
more projecting than is warranted by Linnaeus' description, and
the locality of the latter being given as China, separates Sowerby's
shells as M. Sowerbyana ; no subsequent authors have recognized
6

42 GIBBERULA.

this distinction. A large proportion of the localities given by
Linnaeus are erroneous. I cannot separate M. Ter-veriana, Petit
(fig. 46), from the Island of Socotra and Red Sea.

M. MILIARIA, Linn. PI. 11, figs. 4t, 48.

White ; columella four-plaited, with one or two denticulations*
above the plaits. Length, 4-5 mill.

Mediterranean; Portugal ; Canary Isles; Gulf of Suez.

Is a common fossil in the Upper and Middle Tertiary of
Southern Europe. Usually the outer lip is smooth, but occa-
sionally it is very slightly, minutely crenulated. M. Savignyi,
Issel (fig. 48), from Suez, presents characters so similar in
description and figure, that I cannot separate it.

M. CARNEOLA, Petit. PI. 11, fig. 49.

Pallid carneous, with two darker bands. Length, 8*5 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Petit mentions two bands in his description, yet his figure
only shows a single broad central one. The species has not been
fully identified ; some authors suspect that it is equivalent to
and has priority over M. pyrulum, Reeve, the next species ;
whilst the figure, if correct in representing only one band, is
more like M. oryza, Lam.

M. PYRULUM, Reeve. PI. 11, fig. 50.

Yellowish white, spire chestnut-color, with faint upper and
lower bands. Length, T mill.

St. Thomas, W. I. (Reeve).

See remarks under preceding species. The difference between
this species and those varieties of M. oryza with apparent spire,
is very slight ; both have the dark colored spire. They will
possibly prove identical.

M. INFELIX, Jousseaume. PL 11, fig. 51.

Yellowish white ; columella four-plaited. Length, 7*5 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

Described by Reeve as M. simplex, a name preoccupied by
Edwards for a fossil species.

M. ASELLINA, Jousseaume. PL 12, fig. 52.

Yellowish white, trifasciate with orange-brown.
Length, 5 mill.

Mauritius.

GIBBERULA. 43

M. JEWETTII, Carpenter. PL 12, fig. 57.

Milk-white; columella four-plaited. Length, 4'5-6 mill.

Monterey to Santa Barbara, CaL

M. STJBTRIGONA, Carpenter. PI. 12, fig. 55.

Like M. Jewettii, but much shorter and wider.
Length, '14 inch.

Santa Barbara, CaL

M. REGULARIS, Carpenter. PI. 12, fig. 56.

Thin, glassy white or yellowish; narrower than M. Jewettii;
lip-margin rather thick. Length, '13 inch.

Monterey to San Diego, CaL; beach to 20 fms.

M. LACHRYMA, Reeve; PI. 12, figs. 53. 54.

Pyriformly ovate, glassy white ; columella with four plaits,

and several denticulations above them. Length, 4 mill.

Borneo.

The spire is shorter than in M. in fan a, Reeve, and the outline
more convex below. M. Crossei, Yelain (fig. 54), from the
vicinit.y of the Islands of St. Paul and Amsterdam, does not
appear to differ except in size, being 1*5 mill. ; it is perhaps not
fully grown.

M. GLANDINA, Yelain. PI. 12, fig. 58.

White, columella with two strong plications and three slighter
ones above them. Length, 2'75 mill.

Island of St. Paul, Indian Ocean.

Scarcely distinguished from the preceding species by a some-
what more cylindrical form.

M. GRANTJM, Phil.

Shell minute, obovate, white, spire short!}* conical ; columella
straight, four-plicate, lip sulcate-striate within. Length, 4 mill.

Red Sea, near Aden.

Like M. minuta, Pfr., but slightly larger; lip strongly 8-10
sulcate within. Not figured.

M. MTNUTA, Pfr. PI. 12, figs. 60-63.

White, columella four-plaited, lip minutely denticulated within.
Length, 2-5 mill.

Mediterranean, Red Sea, West Indies, Florida. Fossil

in the Post Pliocene of Southern Europe.

44 GIBBERULA.

M. Lavalleana, d'Orb (fig. 61), from the West Indies and
Florida, does not appear to differ. The lip is described as
smooth, and appears to be so in some specimens, but in others,
in a favorable light and with a good glass, the denticulations or
ridges can be plainly seen. M. minima, Guilding tjfig. 62), is,
also a synonym, although described as having but three columellar
plaits. I place here M. Sueziensis, Issel- (fig. 63), from the Red
Sea.

M. LACHRIMULA, Gould.

An unfigured, white, minute species, with scarcely any
apparent spire, and lip surpassing it posteriorly; columella
tour-plaited ; lip slightly crenulate within. Length, 1'5 mill.
Dredged in 400 fins, off the coast of Georgia.

Said to be distinguished from the allied West Indian species
by its transparency and ventricose form.

M. BENSONI, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 64.

Rather solid, shining white ; lip smooth, columella three-
plaited. Length, 2 mill.

Cape of Good Hope.

M. MINOR, C. B. Adams. PI. 12, fig. 65.

White, columella four- or five-plaited, lip smooth within.
Length, 3-4 mill.

Panama to Mazatlan.
More cylindrical than M. minuta, Pfr.

M. POLITA, Carpenter.

Shell like M. minor, but smaller, regularly ovate, scarcely
produced anteriorly, spire rounded, hardly raised ; parietal callus
small ; plicae four, nearly equal and conspicuous.

Length, -034 inch.

Mazatlan; six specimens on Chama and Spondylus,

I. have not seen this species, which remains unfigured.
M. TRANSLATA, Redfield. PI. 12, fig. 66.

White, with three luteous bands ; lip denticulated within.

Length, 6 mill.

Paumotus Is.

Described by Pease as M. pyriformis* a name preoccupied by
Carpenter. . .

G1BBERULA. 45

M. ANGASI, Brazier. PI. 12, fig. 67.

Shell hyaline lacteous ; spire nearly planate ; columella with
inferior folds; lip smooth within. Length, 1'75 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

The animal is dark, with a red foot. Appears to be an im-
mature shell.

M. POLYODONTA, Velain. PI. 12, fig. 68.

White, spire almost planate, columella with two plications,
above which are nine or ten transverse teeth, terminating in a
stronger tooth above. Length, 2*5 mill.

I. of St. Paul, Indian Ocean.

Found in compound Ascidians. Appears to be an immature
shell.

M SANDWICENSJS, Pease. PI. 12, fig. 69.

Glossy white, columella usually four-plicate, lip abbreviately
lirate within. Length, 2'5 mill.

Sandwich I*. (Pease); Viti Is. (Garrett).

Pease's species was not illustrated by him, and the figure of
it in Reeve's Iconica is very bad. He does not mention the
interior lirae or denticulations, which are not visible on all the
specimens. Having types received from Pease and also types
of Mr. Garrett's M. pygmsea , subsequent!}" published, I do not
hesitate to declare them identical.

M. DEBILIS, Pease.

Shell subpyriform, longitudinally striated, white; aperture
narrow, contracted ; apex obtuse ; inner lip three-plaited, outer

lip denticulated within.

Sandwich Islands.

Mr. Redfield and Dr. Weinkauff have made this a synonym of
M. Australis, Hinds ; although the description differs essentially.
Pease originally published it as M. oryza, but that name being
preoccupied, he changed it to M. debilis, and at the same time
pointed out its distinctive characters from Australis. Dr.
Jousseaume, ignorant of the change of name made by Pease,
has proposed for it M. aqusegutta. It has not been figured, and
I have no specimens.

46 GIBBERULA.

M. SEMEN, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 71.

Spire minute, almost immersed; shell dull white; columella

callous, minutely four-plaited. Length, 4 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Jousseaume changed the name to M. cinerea, because Lea
had previously used semen for a fossil species ; the latter, how-
ever, is said to be the young of M. larvata, Conrad. Mr.
Redfield remarks that this species is ver}^ near to M. ovuli-
formis, Orb.
M. PULVIS, Jousseaume. PI. 12, fig. 72.

Vitreous white, with revolving striae ; lip minutely denticulate

witHin ; columella two-plaited. Length, T3 mill.

Isle of Bourbon.
Evidently, as suggested by Dr. Weinkauff, an embryonal shell.

M. MARIET, Crosse. PI. 12, fig. 73.

Minute, globosely inflated, spire immersed, columella four-
plicate. Length, 1 mill.

New Caledonia.

Is this a juvenile of M. Angasi, Brazier ?

M. ROS, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 74.

Glassy white, columella minutely plaited. Length, 4 mill.

Habitat unknown.
May be the equivalent of several other species of this section.

M. BULBOSA, Reeve. PI. 12, fig. 75.

Opaque white ; columella four-plaited ; lip minutely denticu-
lated within. Length, 6 mill.

Borneo.
M. CYSTISCUS, Redfield. PI. 12, fig. 70 ; PL 2, fig. 11.

Shell white, columella four-plaited. Length, -14 inch.

False Bay, Cape of Good Hope; from Gorgoniae in 20 fathoms.

The dentition and shell are like Marginella; but the animal,
which has short, flattened, triangular, horizontal tentacles, with
minute dark reddish eyes, behind their bases, differed sufficientl}*
to induce Stimpson, who discovered the species, to establish for
it a new family Cystiscidse, and to call it Cystiscus Capensis.
Mr. Redfield, very properly, I think, remanded the species to
Marginella, and the specific name being preoccupied in that
genus, called it M. cystiscus. The foot of the animal is lemon-
yellow.

CLOSIA, VOLVARIA. 47

Section Closia, Gray.

Spire involute ; lip thick, usually dentate within ; columella
heavily incrusted with callus, two lower folds of columella very
prominent, two superior ones not so prominent ; above them
there are sometimes deposited a series of false folds or transverse
ridges as in Cyprsea : which it resembles ; especially its dorsal
aspect.

M. LARGILLIERTI, Kiener. PL 12, figs.'77, 78.

Pale violet fawn-color or yellowish brown, more or less
obscurely banded and necked with yellowish white.

Length, -75-1 inch.

Bahia, Brazil.

M. ovum. Reeve (fig. 78\ is only an unpainted, probably faded,
state of this species.

M. LILACINA, Sowb. PL 12, fig. 80.

Flesh-white, stained with pale lilac, with an indistinct broad

central band. Length, -9 inch.

Habitat unknown.
M. SARDA, Kiener. PL 12, figs. 81-83.

Whitish, faintly three-banded with violet; lip tinged exteriorly

with yellowish brown. Length, '65 inch.

Ceylon, Mauritius.

M. Manceli, Jousseaume (fig. 83), appears to be identical with
this species.

M. QUADRILINEATA, Gaskoin. PL 12, fig. 79.

Ash-gray, 'with four distant, dark revolving lines.

Length, -8 inch.

Habitat unknown.
M. CONTAMINATA, Gaskoin.

This unfigured and unrecognized species, without assigned
habitat and undeterminable, appears to belong in this group.

Subgenus Volvaria, Lam.

Shell subcylindrical ; spire very short or sunken ; aperture
narrow, anteriorly dilated ; columella sinuous in front, subflexuous,
obliquely truncated, and with four oblique plaits; outer lip
slightly thickened without, or with only a slight marginal varix.

A single recent species, M. pallida, is very similar to the fossil

4S VOL V ARIA.

forms for which Lamarck originally proposed the genus ; in all
the other recent species the lip becomes more or less thickened
with a slight varix.

I figure the fossil form V. biillo'ides, Lam. (PI. 3, fig. 28),
from the Middle Eocene of France and Belgium.

M. PALLIDA, Linn. PI. 12, fig. 84.

White or yellowish, sometimes obscurely banded in the centre.

Length, -6-'7 inch.

West Indies.
M. LUCIDA, Marrat. PL 12, fig. 85.

White, lip slightly thickened ; spire obsolete.
Length, '35 inch.

Natal, So. Africa.
M. COMPRESSA, Reeve. PL 12, fig. 86.

Shining white, glassy, spire very short. Length, '4 inch.

Habitat unknown.

Dr. Weinkauff supposes this to be possibly a young shell of
M. pallida, but the lip is too much thickened ; I am very doubtful
whether either this or M. lucida is distinct from M. lactea,
Kiener.

M. MUSTELINA, Angas. PL 12, fig. 87.

Light brown, with two yellowish bands, bordered with darker
brown in series of spots. Length, 5 mill.

Port Jackson; Botany Bay, Australia.

This is possibly synonymous with M. obscura, Reeve — a
species of which I have no specimens. There is some resemblance
in the coloring and form.

M. FAUNA, Sowb. PL 12, figs. 88-90.

Pinkish or yellowish white, or pure white ; stouter than the

preceding species. Length, -35-'45 inch.

West Indies.

With this may probably be united M. alabaster, Reeve (fig.
89 , and M. diaphana, Kiister, not Kiener (fig. 90).

M. OLTVELL^EFORMIS, Jousseaume. PL 12, fig. 91.

White, sutures canaliculate, columella four-plicate, lip toothed

within. Length, '4 mill.

• ' Habitat unknown.

VOL V ARIA. 49

The channeled suture is the distinguishing feature of this
species — for which Dr. Weinkauff has proposed the subgeneric
name Canalispira.

M. ZONATA, Kiener. PL 12, figs. 92-94.

Thin, whitish, either very broadly banded, or lineated above
and below with fulvous orange. Length, '3 inch.

Cape of Good Hope; Madagascar; West Indies.

In M. zonata (fig. 92), the coloring nearly covers the body-
whorl in a single band; and with this variety corresponds M.
Dunkeri, Krauss. In M. bilineata, Krauss (figs. 93, 94), the
shell is white, bilineated with chestnut. Sometimes the broad
band is present, with the deeper colored lineations defining its
margins, and in one specimen before me the band is visible on a
portion of the whorl only, but the lineations are present.

M. PUELLA, Gould.

Resembles M. zonata, but is much larger, with no traces of
bands. The animal is very active, of a pale lemon-color, with
blotches of flake-white and very numerous crimson points ;
margin of mantle daj*k chocolate. Length, 12 mill.

Simon's Biy, 81. Africa, 18 fathoms, gravelly bottom.

Unfigured.

M. MICANS, Petit. PL 13, fig. 95.

Whitish, with two broad bands of chestnut. Length, 8 mill.

Abd-el- Gouri E. Coast of Africa.

M. LACTEA, Kiener. PL 13, figs. 98, 99.

. /

White or cream-colored, columella four-plicate.

Length, 8 mill.

West Indies.

M. affinis, Reeve (fig. 99), appears to be this species, Reeve
having figured the next species for lactea. M. abbreviata, C. B.
Adams, is also probably a synonym.

M. SUBTRIPLICATA, Orb. PL 13, fig. 100.

White or cream-color, more cylindrical than M. lactea, with
more produced spire, columella three-plaited, shell larger.

Length, 10 mill.

West Indies.

;>() • VOLVAHIA.

M. MEXICANA, Jousseaume. PI. 13, fig. 1.
Rather solid, opaque white, with four very obscure bands,

columella four-plaited. Length, 7 mill.

Mexico .

Possibly a variety of M. lactea, Kiener. I am not acquainted
with the species.

M. AVENA, Yalenc. PI. 13, figs. 2-5, 8.

White or yellowish white, with three broad bands of brownish

yellow ; columella four-plaited. Length, -45-' 6 inch.

West Indies.
Var. BEYERLEANA, Bernardi (figs. 3, 8).

White or rosy-white, with the bands of rose-color ; it is clearly
connected by intermediate shades with, the type. Some of these
intermediate states are M. livida, Reeve (fig. 4), M. effulgens,
Reeve, and M. guttula, Reeve (fig. 5 .

Var. AVENELLA, Dall.

Shell exceedingly variable in proportions ; spire short, obtuse,
sometimes almost suppressed ; color light yellow or yellowish
white, with a faint white line bordering the suture ; general
outline elongated ovate ; aperture long, narrow behind (where
the outer lip is thickened and a little inflected^, wider in front
(where it is thin), and a little flaring at its (widest) anterior
termination; columella with four subequal folds, all rather
oblique; outer lip simple, thickened behind, where the line of
callus may extend to the suture or fall considerably short of it ;
slightly concave in the middle, where its edge is even turned in
a little ; scarcely, if at all, produced forward ; whorls not at all
or very slightly shouldered, three or four in number. In the
form with the short rounded spire, the outer lip is straight,. not
inflected, and more evenly thickened along its whole length ; the
anterior end of the aperture has the outer lip obliquely cut off,
and not flaring. The whole form is more evenly ovate-cylindrical.
The measurements of the long- and short-spired specimens are
respectively as follows : — Lon. of shell, 12*0 and 9'5 ; of whorl,
10*25 and 9*0; of aperture, 9'5 and 8'25. Max. lat. of shell, 5'0
and 3'75 ; lat. of aperture at middle part, I'O and 1-0 mm.
Off Cape San Antonio, 1002fms.; Station 5, 229 and

152 fms. ; Station 2, 805 fathoms, Caribbean.

VULVAR1A. 51

Notwithstanding the differences above indicated by extreme
specimens, the shells appear to grade into one another and to
approach very closely the old M. avena of Valenciennes, of
which indeed this may be but an abyssal race ; but of the latter
I have no typical specimens, and it is described as having color-
bands. In view of the great number of closely allied forms of
this group, without such specimens it would be rash to consolidate.

Another form \vith the spire almost lost (from Yucatan Strait,
640 fms., and Station 2, 805 fms.), of a yellowish white tinge,
strongly resembles d'Orbigm^'s M. triplicata, which I take to
have been founded on an abnormal specimen, and might be
thought a pale race of Volvarina varia, but I am not at all sure
that it is not an extreme form of the preceding.

I quote Mr. Ball's description of the above varieties in full, as
they are unfigured, and are deep-sea forms; they are doubtless
varieties only, as suspected by Mr. Dall.

M. PATAGONICA, Martens. PL 13, fig. 40.

White, with two wide light, rosy bands ; columella with four
plications, the lower the strongest. Length, 18 mill.

East Coast of Patagonia— 60 fathoms.

M. PHILIPPINARUM, Redlield. PI. 13, tig. 6 ; PI. 2, fig. 9.

Yellowish white, with three rather broad darker bands ;

columella four-plaited. Length, '5-'65 inch.

Philippines.

M. EXILIS, Gmelin. PL 13, figs. 7, 9, 10, 11, 96, 97 ; PL 12, fig. 59.

Yellowish white, without bands, or three-banded with light
chestnut. Length, 10 mill.

W. Africa, Mogadore to Senegal; West Indies.

A more ventricose, shorter species than some of those which
precede it. It is the M. triticea of Lamarck (fig. 7), M. monilis
of Wood, not Linn. M. epigrus, Reeve (fig. 9), is supposed by
Mr. Redfield to be the young of this species. M. tribalteata,
Reeve (fig. 11), and M.fusca, Sowb, (figs. 96, 97)— a West Indian
shell, are synonyms, I am inclined to place here, as a not fully
grown shell, M. Benguelensis, Jouss. (PL 12, fig. 59 ; PL 13, fig.
10), from Benguela. M. Jousseaumi, Rochbrime, from the Cape
Verd Islands, is also a synonym.

52 VOLVARIA.

M. MEDIOCINCTA, E. A. Smith. PI. 13, figs. 12, 13.

White, with two broad light chestnut bands ; columella four-
plaited. Length, 6*5 mill.

(Jape Verd Is.

The coloring is above and below the middle, covering the
body-whorl except a central white zone. M. Bouvieri, Jousseaume
(fig. 13), is a synonym.

M. RUBELLA, C. B. Adams. PL 13, figs. 14, 15.

Rosy white, with three faint rose-colored bands ; columella
four-plaited. Length, 8-11 mill.

Jamaica and St* Thomas, W. I.

M. navicella, Reeve (fig. 15), is a synonym.

M. T^ENIATA, Sowb. PI. 13, figs. 16, 17.

Whitish or 3^ellowish white, with sutural, median and basal
bands of yellowish brown, and a narrower band of the same
color between the last two ; sometimes the coloring is roseate,
and occasionally a pair of proximate narrow lines take the
place of a broad band. Length, 12-15 mill.

Cape Verd Is ; West Indies.

Very like M. avena, Yal., and may be only a variety of that
species ; its distinctive characters being a shorter spire and the
additional narrow band. M. Verdensis, E. A. Smith (fig. 17 \ is
identical with this species.

M. CESSACI, Rochbrune.

Elliptical, shining, thick ; spire short, conical, obtuse ; aperture
long and narrow, a little dilated above ; lip thick ; columella
four-plaited ; wine-red with a livid band at the top of the whorl.

Length, 11 mill.

ffab. Gape Verd Islands.

Seems to be very closely allied to M. tseniala. The work
containing the figure of this species, arrived too late to have it
illustrated in the Manual.

M. OBSCURA, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 22.

Yellowish white, faintly four-banded, the bands terminating
in spots on the margin of the lip. Length, 9 mill.

Habitat unknown.

VOLVAR1A. 53

M. SECALINA, Phil. PI. 13, figs. 18-21.

Yellowish or brownish white, more or less obscurely three-
banded. Length, 10 mill.

Mediterranean Sea.

M. Calameli, Jousseaume (fig. 18), from Algiers, is made a

synonym by Dr. Weinkauff, who has quoted it as an example of
his var. bizonata. The banding, however, is more or less visible
on all specimens, and his variet}7" is not entitled to be so con-
sidered. M. rufescens, Reeve ^g. 19 , is another probable
synonym. M. Lienardi, Jousseaume, said to come from Mauri-
tius, and Isle of Bourbon, is founded on two of Sowerby's
figures of this species.

M. INFANS, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 23.

Transparent white, mostly encircled by two faint brown lines;

columella four-plaited. Length, 5 mill.

Singapore; Tasmania.

Erato pellucida, Tenison-Woods, from the latter locality, is an
unfigured species, but the description as well as specimens before
me agree very well with M. infans.

M. ATTENUATA, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 24.

Yellowish white, body-whorl slightly attenuated below, lip
flexuous, columella obliquely four-plaited. Length, 8 mill.

Sydney, New South Wales.

This is the M. translucida of Weinkauff and of some Austra-
lian collectors ; the true tran*lucida is a very different species.

M. HETEROZONA, Jousseimme. PI. 13, fig. 25.

Yitreous white, with an obsolete central brown band.

Length, 5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
M. CYLINDRICA, Sowb. PI. 13, fig. 26.

Yellowish white, with broad and narrow darker bands, irreg-
ular in number ; columella three-plaited. Length, 6-7 mill.

St. Thomas, West Indies.
M. PEASII, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 2t.

Milk-white, very obscurely three-banded with fulvous.

Length, 10 mill.

Kingsmill Is., Polynesia.

This species has been unfortunate in its names : it was first
described by Pease as M. cylindrica, but as that name was preoc-

54 VOL V A HI A.

cupied by Sowerby, Reeve changed it as above, and Pease subse-
quently, unaware that Reeve had already proposed a substitute,
called it M. polita — a. name which was already used by Carpenter.

M. PAUMOTENSIS, Pease. PI. 13, fig. 28.

White, with three very faint yellowish bands ; columella three-
plaited. Length, 5 mill.

Paumotus Is.
M. CALEDONICA, Jousseaume. PI. 13, fig. 31.

White, very obscurely bifasciate with yellowish brown ; col-

umella three-plaited. Length, 7 mill.

New Caledonia.

I have not seen a specimen of this shell, but the figure is so
close to M. Paumotensis, Pease, that I suspect it will prove to
be synonymous with that species.

M. CORUSGA, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 29.

Transparent, horny, livid, very faintly two-banded with chest-
nut ; columella four-plaited. Length, 5 mill.

Singapore.
M. BAZINI, Jousseaume. PI. 13, fig. 30.

Vitreous white, subpellucid, with a fuscous line above ; col-
umella four-plaited. Length, 5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
A species of very doubtful distinctness.

M. SORDIDA, Reeve. PI. 13, fig. 32.

Dull white ; columella three-plaited. Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.

This, like the last, may be identified with several different
species.

M. BULLULA, Reeve. PL 13, fig. 33.

Transparent white, glassy ; columella four-plaited.

Length, 6 mill.

Borneo.
It is difficult to say wherein M. Paumotensis, Pease, differs

from this species.

M. FASCFATA, Sowb. PL 13, fig 34.

Yellowish white, banded with light brown, edged with darker
brown, forming spots on the margin of the lip ; columella strongly
four-plaited. Length, 7 mill.

Locality unknown.

VOLVARIA. 55

Jousseaume changed the name to M. rubrofaseiata, on account
of Persicula fasciata, Schum., which is a synonym of M. per-
sicula, Linn. I have no authentic specimen of this species ; it
needs to be compared with M. mastelina, Angas.

M. BAYLEI, Jousseaume. PI. 13, fig. 35.

Bulliform, opaque ; luteous white ; columella three-plaited.

Length, 12 mill.

Locality unknown.
M. GRACILTS, C. B. Adams. PI. 13, fig. 36.

White, three-banded with chestnut. Length, 6'5 mill.

West Indies.

Prof. Adams did not illustrate his species, but the description
so completely agrees with Reeve's figure of M. bibalteata, that I
think Mr. Redfield is correct in making the latter a synonym.

M. ALBOLINEATA, d'Orb. PL 13, fig. 37.

White, more or less broadly three-banded with bright chest-
nut; sometimes the bands are so broad that the shell appears
to be chestnut-colored with two white bands. Length, 6-7 mill.

West Indies, Lower California.

M. Delessertiana, Recluz, an unfigured species, said to come
from Mauritius, resembles this species, but cannot be positively
identified with it. The shell which Weinknuff figures for M.
Delesxe rtiana, and which comes from Guadeloupe, W. I., is a
M. albolineata. This is the M. varia, Sowerby, of Carpenter and
Californian conchologists. Carpenter says that it is not to be
distinguished from some West Indian specimens of M. varia, but
the fact is that M. varia is made up of two very distinct forms,
namely M. albolineata, Orb., and M. avena, Val. — the latter has
not been found on the West Coast of America.

Unfigured and Undetermined Species.

M. TENERA and M. INTERMEDIA of Menke.

M. ASPHARI, Theobald. Undescribed.

M. MICROSCOPIC A, Tapparone-Canefri. Papuan Isles.

M. TRIDENTATA, M. SUBBULBOSA, M. ALB1DA, M. CYMBALUM, M. DEN-

TICULATA, Tate. All from South Australia.

M. VITTATA (name preoccupied), M. ALBESCENS, Button.

Both from Neiu Zealand.
M. TANTILLA and M. LEPipA. Gould. China Sea.

56 VOLVAKTA.

M. SEMINULA, Gould. Cape of Good Hope.

M. SPILOTA, Ravenel MS. Southern Coast United States.

M. ALLPORTI, M. MINUTISSIMA, M. STANISLAUS, Tenison- Woods.

Tasmania.

M. PALLIDULA and M. FULGENS, Danker. Upolu.

M. MORCHII, Redfield (M. coniforniis, March, preoccupied).

Pantas Arenas, W. Co. Central America.

M. ALBANYANA, Gaskoin. Albany, E. Coast of Africa.

M. QUADRIFASCIATA (Kabenda, W. Co. Africa}, M. NAN A,

M. PERLA, M. CALLOSA (Red Sea), Marrat.

M. WARRENII, Marrat. A two-banded shell, 20 mill. long. Col-
lected by Capt. Warren in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, or — if
the latitude and longitude are correctly given — upon the
adjacent Canadian territory. It is safe to say that no such
species lives in that vicinity or within some hundreds of miles
of it.

M. CHEMNITZII, Dillwyn. Bleached specimen.

M. ANNA, Jousseaume. New Caledonia.

M. WATSONI, Dall.

Shell short, stout, white or yellowish white, polished, five-
whorled ; - suture marked under the glaze with a darker trans-
lucent line ; apex obtuse ; in adults the nucleus is obscured by
the glaze, in young specimens it presents no differences from
the rest of the shell ; last whorl shouldered roundly, forming a
rounded angle at the posterior part of the outer lip ; aperture
narrow, labrum and labium nearly parallel ; pillar with four
clearly cut folds, the anterior continued around the margin of
the canal, slightly flaring, to join the outer lip ; the latter slightly
thickened inside, with about a dozen rounded denticulations,
outwardly little or not at all reflected, joining the body behind
at an acute angle. Long, of shell, 9'5 ; of last whorl, 8'0; of
aperture, 7'5. Lat. of shell, 6!0 ; of aperture, 1-5 mm.

Off Havana, 480 fms. ; Station 2, 805 fms. ; Bed of the Gulf

Stream (Pourtales), 447 fms.; Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

This species resembles M. mtrea, Hinds, from West Africa,
in general shape, but that species is smaller and has the outer
lip not denticulated. M. Watsoni has the facies of a deep-water
shell, and does not appear to agree exactly with any I find
figured (Dall).

VULVA HI A. 57

M. FUSINA, Dall.

Shell ovate-fusiform, with the spire nearly as long as the
aperture, polished waxen white, five-whorled ; whorls of the
spire well marked and rotundate though covered with a trans-
parent glaze ; suture distinct ; apex rounded ; lines of growth
perceptible under the glaze, especially near the suture on the
last whorl ; aperture short, lunate, with no posterior angle in
the outer lip, which gently rounds to the bod^'-whorl before and
behind ; outer lip a little thickened inside, simple, not reflected;
folds four, the two anterior ones very oblique and close together ;
canal not flaring, short, and not twisted backward. Long, of
shell, 8-0 ; of last whorl, 6*0 ; of aperture, 4*5. Max. lat., 4*0 ;

lat. of aperture, 1-5 mm.

Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

This has somewhat the shape of Marginella nodata, in a gen-
eral way, but is more evenly fusiform, and quite peculiar in its
even taper, which does not seem to be ascribed to any other
species (Dall).

M. SEMINULA, Dall.

This species differs from the last by its proportionally shorter
spire containing one less whorl ; by the less distinctly marked
suture ; by the shouldering of the last whorl which angulates
the outer lip in adult specimens, the lip in this vicinity being
generalty much thickened and slightly reflected, somewhat pro-
duced in the middle, and thinning towards the distinctly flaring
canal ; the columellar folds are more evenly separated and the
canal is slightly recurved. In other respects it resembles M.
fusina. Long, of shell, 7*0 ; of last whorl, 5-62 ; of aperture,
5-12. Lat. of shell, 3'5 ; of aperture, 1'25 mm.

Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

There is some variation in size and in the way in which the
outer lip is thickened in different individuals. The shape is not
far from that of M.f estiva. The measurements are of the largest
of several specimens (Dall).

M. YUCATECANA, Dall.

Shell with three and a half to four whorls, smaller than the
last and the adult specimens proportionally more slender and of a

8

58 VOL V ARIA.

distinctly different shape ; but some of the younger specimens
of M. se minula, before they have put on the lip-callus and its
angulation, appear much more similar, and suggest that the
range of variation may be wide enough to cover both. The
present form, with a proportionately shorter spire and longer
and wider aperture, h-is .an evenly rounded outer lip and body-
whorl; which recalls M. fusina. Its chief differences from J./.
seminida consist in those features which accompany the should-
ering of the whorls and the thickening of the outer lip, which in
this form seems to be always evenly rounded, arched forward,
and hardly thickened ; it is slightly but distinctly reflected, and
the canal is slightly recurved. Long, of shell, 5*62 ; of last
whorl, 50; of aperture, 4'0. Lat. of shell, 3'0 ; of aperture,

1-37 mm.

Yucatan Strait, G40 fms.
M. TORTICULA, Dall.

Shell slender, shining, grayish waxen white, of about five
whorls ; spire roundly pointed, slender, covered in the adult with
a complete coat of translucent glaze almost obscuring the sutures';
last whorl somewhat appressed between the junction of the outer
lip and the suture ; turns somewhat laxly coiled ; surface per-
fectly smooth; axis laterally curved, with the convexity to the
left, so that the spire and the canal both point to right of a
straight line when the shell is in its natural position ; aperture
long and narrow ; columella with four very oblique folds, of
which the one behind the anterior fold is a little the most
prominent ; outer lip simple, not reflected, slightly thickened, and
produced posteriorly, inwardly convex and externally concave
in correspondence with the bent axis ; aperture widest anteriorly,
making the canal very open ; no callus on the body-whorl, which
is joined by the outer lip at an exceedingly acute angle. Long.
of shell, 1-1-5 ; of last whorl, 9'75 ; of aperture, 8'0 ; Max. lat. of
shell, 3*75 ; medium lat. of aperture, 1*0 mm.

Station 5, Lat. 24°15/, Long 7(i°40',5, in 221) and

152 fms., soft coral ooze, West Indies.

The only shells normally arcuated in this manner which occur
to me are some species of Eulima. The twist gives the shell a
very peculiar and highly characteristic appearance (Dall).

OLIVID^E, OLlVINvE. 51)

Family OLIVID^E.

Animal with a recurved siphon, and voluminous foot, its lobes
usually reflexed over the sides of the shell, and fissured on each
side in front. Dentition 1-1-1, the rhachidian teeth broad, the
laterals versatile. Operculum corneous, small, present or wanting.

Shell brilliantly colored, porcellanous, without epidermis, the
columellar lip, sutures and spire more or less covered with a
callous deposit ; outer lip simple, aperture obliquely notched
below.

Subfamily Olivinse. — Head and tentacles more or less con-
cealed ; mantle with a tapering lobe in front, and an appendage
behind which reposes in the channeled suture.

The operculum is present in Olivr.lla, absent in Oliva.

Shell solid, smooth, subcylindrical ; sutures channeled; inner
lip more or less plicate anteriorly. Several figures of the*animals
of Oliva are given on PL 1 ; also the animal without its shell,
PI. 3, fig. 31 ; anatomy, PL 3, fig. 21. For explanation of the
latter see Reference to Plates.

Subfamily Anvillariinse. — Head concealed; eyes none; tenta-
cles rudimentary ; mantle with a tapering lobe in front ; foot
voluminous, bifid behind, shield-grooved on the upper surface,
side-lobes not much produced.

Operculum small, ovate, acute, sometimes entirely wanting.

Shell usually polished ; sutures covered by callus ; whorls
smooth ; aperture effuse, the columella variously grooved and
twisted in front.

Subfamily Harpinse. — Head and tentacles exposed ; eyes con-
spicuous ; mantle simple, enclosed, without a tapering appendage
in front ; foot large, flat, not reflexed on the sides of the shell.

No operculum.

Shell large, ventricose, longitudinally ribbed ; columellar lip
without anterior plications or grooves.

Subfamily OLIVINSE.

Synopsis of Genera.

OLIVELLA, Swainson.

Animal without tentacles or eyes ; mantle with a large frontal lobe ;
foot not very voluminous, truncate behind, the shield narrow, the side-
lobes small and acute. Operculum horny, thin, half ovate, with apical

60 OLIVINvE.

nucleus. Shell oliviform, polished; spire produced, acute, suture canal-
iculated ; aperture narrow behind, enlarged anteriorly ; columella plicated
in front, callous posteriorly. Dentition, PI. 12, fig. 14.

OLIVA, Brug.

Tentacles enlarged at ihe base ; mantle \*ith a posterior filament lodged
in the channeled suture of the spire ; foot long and acuminate behind,
shield with the side-lobes tapering, acute, small. Operculum none. Shell
oblong, subcylindrical, polished ; spire short, conic ; suture cahaliculated ;
aperture long and narrow, anteriorly widely notched ; rolumella obliquely
plicate, sulcate or striate in front, posteriorly callous ; outer lip simple.
Dentition, PI. 2, fig. 12.

Subgenus LAMPIIODOMA, Swaiuson.

Spire acuminate, t levated, suture canaliculated ; inner lip simple poste-
riorly, bu,t regularly numerously plicate anteriorly, the plicae more
transverse than in the typical group.

Subgenus CALLIANAX, H. and A. Adams.

Shell swollen, ovate, with short conical spire and channeled sutures ;
aperture wide, effuse in front ; inner lip with a very thick, defined callus,
and a few, frequently indistinct, anterior plaits.

Subgenus AGARONIA, Gray.

Shell thin, oliviform, but a little effuse anteriorly ; spire acuminate,
suture channeled ; aperture rather wide, effuse anteriorly ; columella not
thickened posteriorly, tumid, with a few oblique plaits in front, Operculum
distinct. Tortoliva, Conrad ; T. Texana, Conr. (H. 3, fig. 30), is a synonym
of Agaronia. It is an eocene fossil from Texas. Dentition, PI. 2, fig. 13.

Subgenus OLIVANCILLARIA, d'Orbigny.

Head and tentacles concealed ; mantle with a large, thick, fleshy
appendage behind, partly covering the spire ; foot very voluminous,
truncate posteriorly, shield with the side-lobes very large and rounded.
Operculum present, small, half ovate, with subapical nucleus.

Shell smooth, wide oblong, last whorl swollen ; spire very short, the
suture not canaliculated to the apex ; aperture rather large and wide,
inner lip somewhat tortuous, with a large callosity behind, incurved in
the middle, and two or three oblique anterior plaits.

The last three subgenera appear to connect the typical Olives with the
Ancillarise, in a regular series of stages of both animal and shell, as well
as in the presence of an operculum.

PLOCHEL.EA, Gabb.

Shell olive-shaped, suture nearly obsolete as in Ancillaria ; aperture
linear, deeply and obliquely notched at the base, as in Dibaphus ; outer
lip thickened internally in the middle ; inner lip callous and having
several transverse folds, of which the upper are the smallest ; columella
strongly recurved at the base. P. crassilabra, Gabb. PI. 3, fig. 22,
Tertiary, W. Indies.

ANCILLARIIN.E, HARPING. () 1

Subfamily ANCILLARIIN^E.

MONOPTYGMA, Lea.

Shell with elevated spire and callous columella, the latter with a
snboentral conical tooth like callous projection. M. Alabamiensis, Lea
(PI. 3, fig. 23 1, Eocene, Alabama.

ANCILLARIA, Lam.

Shell oblong or subcylinarical, thick and smooth in the typical species ;
body-whorl usually swollen, sutures covered by enamel ; aperture broadly
effuse below ; columella typically not umbilicated, with a few oblique
anterior plaits. The revolving basal groove ends occasionally in a slight
anterior labral projection or tooth. The shell may be distinguished from
the Olives by the spire being covered with callus in the former, whilst in
the latter the suture is canaliculate. Ancillopsis, Conrad (A. scamba, PI.
3, fig. 26 ; A. altile, PI. 3, fig. 27), is a synonym of AncMaria. The types are
eocene fossils from Alabama. Dentition, PI. 2, figs. 15, 16.

Subgenus OLIVDLA, Conrad.

Shell decussated by distinct, close longitudinal and revolving striae ;
spire covered by a longitudinally striate callous deposit, forming a raised
band upon the suture of the body-whorl ; aperture posteriorly channeled.
Fossil only. 0. staminea, Conr., Eocene, Ala. (PI. 3, figs. 24, 25).

Subgenus ANOLACIA. Gray.

Shell oblong-ovate, thin ; body-whorl swollen, irregularly covered wLh
slight revolving striae ; spire very s'.ort, callous.

The thinness of the shell, form of body-whorl and short shouldered
spire remind one of the genus Cymba.

Subgenus DJPSACCUS, Klein.

Shell solid, polished ; columellar lip twisted, separated from the body,
whorl by a tortuous fissure, opening into the umbilicus above ; outer lip
with a slight tooth in front.

Subfamily HARPING.

HARPA, Lam.

Shell oval, the body-whorl very ventricose ; spire very short, with acute
apex ; whorls longitudinally plicated at intervals, the plications ending
in sharp points on the shoulder ; aperture oblong, large, broadly emargi-
nate below ; columella without folds. No operculum. Dentition, PI.
2, fig. 17.

The figure, copied from Troschel, is from a young Harpa only an inch
in length, and the lingual ribbon is in this genus very minute compared
with the size of the animal. Troschel was not able to see any lateral
teeth, but Macdonald, who only observed them towards the posterior
extremity, records that they are very similar to those of Oliva. Other
observers have not found a trace of lingual armature, and it is possibly
only developed in the young animal.

62 OLIVIN/E.

Subfamily OLIYIN^E.

• Four illustrated monographies of the Olives have been pub-
lished. The earliest one is that of Duclos, forming part of
Chenu's " Illustrations Conchyliologiques;" next followed Reeve,
in the " Conchologica Iconica," vol. vi, issued in 1851. In 1870-71
F. P. Marrat contributed an elaborate monograph to Sowerby's
"Thesaurus Conchyliorum," beautifully illustrated by Mr.
Sowerby. Mr. Marrat, who does not believe in species, has,
unfortunately, in this group as in Nassa, illustrated his views by
naming and describing a number of forms which certainly are
not species. Sowerby, in the reference to Plate 1, says: " Mr.
Marrat 's intention is rather to produce evidence than to decide
upon the value of specific differences. In his study of affinities,
he has been led to register, and nominally to admit, as species
many forms which will perhaps appear to readers, as they do to
the editor, quite undistinguishable." The latest and best mono-
graph is that of Dr. H. G. Weinkautf, completed in 1878, and
forming a portion of Raster's " Conchylien Cabinet." Dr. Wein-
kauff also published a systematic catalogue of the species, in the
" Jahrbiicher der Deutsch. Malak. Gesell.," in which he attempts
to arrange the species in accordance with their natural affinities
and to separate them into groups — which appear to possess some
value. I have mainly followed this catalogue in the present
monography ; adding, however T a number of specific names
overlooked by Weinkauff.

H. and A. Adams and Dr. J. E. Gray have .both proposed
elaborate series of genera and subgenera of the Olivinse ; most
of them, whilst serving to separate specified types, failing en-
tirely to furnish distinctive characters for other species which
are intermediate in form. Such names will be registered in my
synonymic index, scarcely requiring more particular mention
here. I have reversed the usual order of succession of the
groups l>y commencing with the smallest species of the Olives,
and proceeding through the Ancillarias to the Harp-shells : my
motive for this is to place next in succession to the Marginellae
those shells which, in size at least, most nearly approach them.

The Olives are exclusively tropical animals.

OUVKLLA. (>:

A number of fossil species have been described; they com-
mence in the Eocene period.

The mantle of the Olive is small, its edges applied to the
margin of the aperture, and terminating in a posterior filament
which, coiling in the channeled suture of the spire, appears to
be useful in keeping the mantle in place. The sides of the foot
are wide and reflected more or less on each side over the back
of the shell. As in some other mollusks having similarly formed
shells, the animal possesses the power of absorbing away the
earlier volutions in order to make space for its growth ; it also
protects the at first very thin embryonal whorls by internal cal-
cification, so that the extreme tip of the spire becomes solid.

At Mauritius, Olives are fished with a line having three or
four strings attached, each baited with pieces of fish. This line
is thrown into the sea and allowed to remain until the mollusks
have become well settled to their feast, and then drawn in, The
Polynesian Islanders use the smaller species extensively for the
manufacture of ornaments such as bracelets, girdles, etc.,
piercing them at the spire and then stringing them. They
prefer pure white shells for this purpose, and cause the colored
markings to disappear by application of heat. Mr. John Brazier,
of Sydney, New South Wales, has recently sent me specimens of
the beautiful 0. Australia, thus treated by the natives of New
Guinea — they might readily be mistaken for a distinct species.

OliveUa biplicata, Sby., appears to have been used as money
by the Californian Indians, under the name of col-col, and is
still manufactured into necklaces by them.*

. Genus OLIVELLA, Swa'nson.

Olivella is distinguished from Oliva by the small size of its
shell and more produced spire, by the presence of a large, thin,
horny operculum, and the want of eyes. Dr. Paul Fischer has
recently attempted to show that another distinction arises from
the absorption of the internal whorls of the shell, in the Olivella,
as in Auricula, this absorption not taking place in the typical
Olives ; however, in 0. reticularis I have found the interior walls
absorbed away so that very little of their substance remains,

* Steams, Am. Natuialist, xi, 344.

<>4 OL1VELLA.

and I presume that it will prove. to be the fact that all shells
with close volutions are similarly absorbed internallv.

The Olivellse affect sandy localities, burying themselves
beneath the surface, upon which they leave no trace. D'Orbigny
has observed 0. Trhuelchana suddenly expand the lobes of its
foot, and using them to beat the water like the wings of the*
pteropods, shoot rapidly through the element.

I follow Weinkauff in considering Lamprodoma and Callianax
subgenera of Oliva, but I cannot follow him in dividing what is
left of Olive.lla into three groups characterized by the extent
and thickness of the columellar callus ; that character being
decidedly of gradual development through the series of species.

O. VERREAUXI, Ducros. PL 14, fig. 41, 42.

Purplish white or yellowish white, with distant, longitudinal,

zigzag purple stripes. Length, 5-7 mill.

West Indies.
The spire is more produced than in the usual form of 0.

nitidula, the stripes are larger and more distant, there are no
traces of bands and it has not the fasciculated markings at the
suture and base so common in nitidula ; still, it is possibly a
variety of that protean species. It is the 0. mutica of Reeve, in
part, and probably 0. mica, Duclos (fig. 42) ; the latter name
has priority, but the identification is not certain.

O. MUTICA, Say. PL 14, figs. 43-55.

White, 3rellowish, bluish ash or deep chocolate, when very
dark, the color results from the coalescence of three bands of
chocolate-brown, which appear upon the lighter colored, typical
specimens ; these bands vary in width, the centre one being
usually the broadest ; sometimes they are all so broad as to
appear to be the ground-color, the narrow interspaces forming
two white bands. The spire is produced. Length, 10-16 mill.

North Carolina to West Indies.

With the typical form I unite 0. puxilla, Marrat (figs. 45, 46),
and 0. rufifasciata, Reeve (fig. 47).

Var. NITIDULA, Dillwyn. Figs. 48-55.

Spire shorter, shell comparatively wider, bands very faint or
obsolete ; yellowish or pink-brown with a chocolate or chestnut
band at the suture and another bordering the fascicle ; these

OL1V1D/E

PLATE 1

MARGINKLLID^E- COLUMBKLLfl)^. PLATE 2

17

20

19

15

MARGINKLLIDJE.

OLIVID^E. PLATE 3

31

MARGINELLID.E.

PLATE 4

32

37

41

46

49

33

34

38

39

56

42

43

35

47

48

53 54
cv\\ c^

44

51

55

36

40

45

52

50

MARGINELLIDvE.

PLATE 5

80

76

MARGINELLIDyE.

PLATE 6

MARGINELLIDJS.

PLATE 7

10

14

19

26

1 11

30

13

18

24

29

34

MARGINELLID^E.

PLATE 8

ti

37

38

39

44

45

46

40

43

42

48

47

54

55

49

51

57

50

56

MABGINELLIDJB.

PLATE 9

MARGINELL1D.E.

PLATE 10

ft

84 85

86

88 89

90

12

MARGINELLID.E

PLATE 11

49

47

MABGINKLLID.E.

PLATE 12

93 94

MARGINKLLIDJS

PLATE 13

12 13 14 16 17 20 26

37 39 24 40 33

QLIVIDJ&.

PLATE 14

OLIVIDJ5.

PLATE 15

90 89

OLIVELLA.

bands, in fine specimens, give rise to or break up into i'asriek^
of brown stripes, which are either short, or connected in a zig-
zag manner over the body-whorl. Length, 10 mill.

South Carolina to Brazil.

Ordinarily the distinction of form and coloring serves perfectly
to distinguish this from the typical form, }-et there occur, although
not plentifully, intermediate shells. The stumpy shape of 0.
nitidula is accompanied by a heavy deposit of callus on the colu-
mella, which does not occur in the typical form : very probably
this difference in growth is due to the surroundings of the mollusk.
There is great variation in the development of denticles upon
the columella in both forms, these being few or obsolete in some
specimens and very numerous in others, occupying nearly the
whole length of the inner lip. The following appear to be syno-
nyms of the variety : 0. zigzag, Duclos. (figs. 50, 51), 0. fimbriata,
Reeve (fig. 52), 0. micula, Marrat (fig. 53), 0. miliola, d'Orb.
(fig. 54), which appears to be the young, and 0. strigata, Reeve
(fig. 55).

O. MANDARINA, Duclos. PI. 14, figs. 56, 57.

Spire rather elevated, inner lip with a strong callous deposit
above, extending upwards to the spire ; yellowish white, painted
with zigzag longitudinal brown stripes, sometimes spotted or

fasciculated below the suture. Length, 10 mill.

China.

I am not acquainted with this species ; it appears to be nearly
allied to the preceding, but of more solid build. The locality
has not been confirmed, and the more recent monographs have
simply copied Duclos. 0. Tunguina, Duclos (fig. 57), is evidently
a synonj^m, but Marrat has erroneously identified with it a
specimen of the typical 0. mutica.

O. ROSALINA, Duclos. PI. 14, figs. 58-60.

Shell flesh-color with distant zigzag brown markings ; colu-
mella tinged with rose-color. Length, 7 mill.

West Indies.

I am unacquainted with this species, which, except in its
columella being colored, does not seem to differ from 0. Verreauxi,
Ducros. 0. Sowerbyi, Ducros (fig. 59), and 0. Volutelloides ,
Marrat (fig. 60), are synonyms.

66 OLIVELLA.

O. PETIOLITA, Duclos. PL 14, figs. 61-63.

Yellowish white, fasciculated and reticulated with chestnut-
color, and with a narrow chestnut revolving band upon the
fasciole. Length 12-18 mill.

West Coast of America, from Panama to Mazatlan.

Much resembles large specimens of 0. mutica, Say, var.
nitidula, from the West Indies ; but the markings in the typical
specimens are irregularly reticulated instead of zigzag. I unite
with it 0. intorta, Carpenter (fig. 62), and 0. mica, Marrat, not
Duclos (fig. 63).

Yar. AUREOCINCTA, Carp.

Having an orange zone beneath the suture, appearing purplish
within the aperture.

This zone is probably made up of fasciculations worn yellowish
on a beach-rolled specimen. I have not seen an authentic
example of it and it has not been figured.

0. TERGTNA, Duclos. PL 14, fig. 67.

Marked like O.petiolita, but more vividly ; distinguished from
it by its swollen, blunt spire, and by being somewhat more effuse
at the base. Length, 12-15 mill.

Acapulco, Mazatlan.
O. PLANA, Marrat. PL 14, fig. 64.

Shell white, solid, with a heavy callous deposit on the inner

lip. Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.

This may be a white variety of the last species, perhaps ; it
has no distinctive characters and might readily enter several
species.

O. ESTHER, Duclos. PL 14, figs. 65, 66.

Shell heavy, with short spire, and strong callus on the upper
part of the columella. Yellowish white, fasciculated with chest-
nut at the suture, with a chestnut band upon the fasciole, and
minute longitudinal zigzag markings of the same color upon the

body-whorl. Length, 6 mill.

Habitat unknown.

A shorter, heavier form than O.petiolita, judging from the
figure, yet doubtfully distinct : the shells usually known under

OLIVELLA. 07

this name are certainly 0. petiolita. 0. columba, Duclos (fig.
66), may be considered an uncolored variety of this species.

O. ZONALIS, Lam. PL 15, fig. 69.

White, with three chestnut revolving bands, about same width

as the interspaces. Length, 5-6 mill.

Mazatlan .

0. zanoeta, Duclos (fig. 69), appears to be a larger specimen or
magnified figure of this species.

O. COLUMELLARIS, Sowb. PI. 15, figs. 70-73.

Acuminately ovate, the spire exserted, base broadly effused ;
columellar lip with heavy callus extending to the top of the
body-whorl ; commencing at the suture are a number of close,
fine, longitudinal striae, which extend longitudinally to near the
centre of the body-whorl, where they become obsolete, and the
rest of the whorl is polished ; spire and fasciole white, body-
whorl almost covered by three broad chestnut or plum-colored
bands, the two dividing interspaces of yellowish white being
quite narrow. Length, 12-15 mill.

Payta, Peru, in fiue sand at low water (Cuming);

W. Columbia; Panama.

0. semistriata, Gray (fig. 71), O.attenuata, Reeve (fig. 72), and
0. affinis, Marrat (fig. 73), are synonyms.

0. NIVEA, Gmelin* PI. 15, figs. 74-88.

Acuminately oblong, the spire much exserted ; body-whorl
fasciculated with pink at the suture and at the border of the
broad fasciole, with pink maculations, more or less distinct
upon the intermediate surface. Length, *6-'9 inch.

Bahamas ; West Indies ; Brazil.

Distinguished from 0. mutica, Say, by its larger size, more
elevated spire, and (usually) maculated instead of zigzag mark-
ings. The synonymy is enormous, including 0. eburnea, Lam.,
0. parvula, Mart. (fig. 75), 0. oryza, Lam. (founded on immature,
colorless examples), 0. Guildingi, Reeve (fig. 76), 0. monilifera,
Reeve (fig. 77), '0. pulchella, Reeve (fig. 78), 0. dealbata, Reeve
(fig. 79), 0. rubra, Marrat (fig. 80), 0. fulgida, Reeve (fig. 81),
0. inconspicua, Marrat (fig. 82), 0. JReevei, Ducros (fig. 83),
0. diadocus, Ads. and Reeve (fig. 84), 0. cuneata, Marr. (fig. 85),
having a more than usually produced spire, O. scurra, Marr.

68 OLIVELLA.

(fig. 86), with two revolving series of maculations, often seen
upon immature specimens, 0. myriadina, Marrat, not Duclos
(fig. 81), 0. miliacea, Marrat (fig. 88), and 0. lactea, Marrat.

O. MYRIADINA, Duclos. PI. 15, fig. 90.

Spire prominent, showing six whorls ; pure white.

Length, 3-4 mill.

Panama.

This is the smallest of the Olivellas, yet the number of whorls
and form of the shell indicate maturity. Duclos gives no localit}r,
but I venture to identify with his species the unfigured O.incort-
spicua, C. B. Ad., from Panama; a species which has been mis-
understood by Marrat and Kiister — as has also been myriadina.

0. JASPIDEA, Gmelin. PI. 15, figs. 91-94.

Yellowish white, closely fasciculated with dark chestnut at the
sutures, and frequently above the fascicle also ; intermediate
surface closely reticulated and punctated, fasciole strigated with

bright chestnut. Length, 12-18 mill.

West Indies.

0. piperita, Marr. (figs. 93, 94), is based on water-worn
specimens.

O. TEHUELCHANA, d'Orb. PI. 15, figs. 95-91 ; PJ. 16, fig. 1 ; PI. 1 ,

fig. 6.
Pellucid white, with an opaque zone at the suture.

-Length, 12-15 mill.

San Bias, Patagonia.

With this I unite 0. bullula, Reeve (fig. 1), said to be West
Indian, and 0. pur a, Reeve (fig. 97).

O. FLORALIA, Duclos. PL 15, fig. 98; PI. 16, figs. 99, 100,2,3.

Shell narrow, with acuminated spire ; spire yellowish- or
chestnut-tipped, body-whorl white, or with nearly obsolete,
distant chestnut zigzag markings. Length, 8-10 mill.

West Indies.

Distinguished from 0. jaspidea and 0. nivea by its narrow
form and elongated spire. It is the 0. oryza of Duclos, not
Lamarck, and 0. alba (fig. 98), and 0. plongata (figs. 99, 100),
of Marrat.

OLTVELLA. 69

O. LEPTA, Duclos. PL 16, figs. 4-11 ; PI. It, fig. 52.

Narrow, with elongated spire ; a narrow chestnut line or row
of spots beneath the suture, a more distinct interrupted line at
the margin of the fasciole, and the intermediate space with
zigzag longitudinal lines, base of shell chestnut.

Length, 8 mill.

China Sea; Japan; Philippines.

With this species I include 0. consobrina, Lischke (unfigured),
0. fabula, Marrat (figs. 5, 6", 0. lanceolata, Rve. (figs. 7, 8), 0.
pulicaria, Marrat (fig. 9), 0. exilis, Marr. (fig. 10), 0. fulgurata,
Ad. and Reeve (fig. 11), and 0. pellucida, Rve. (fig. 52).

0. FORTUNEI, Adams. PL 16, figs. 12-15.

Widely fusiform, maculated or covered with zigzag longitu-
dinal chestnut markings, fasciculated at the sutures.

Length, 8 mill.

China; Japan.

Yery similar to the last species in markings, but differing in
form. I can see no good reason to separate 0. pulchra, Marr.
(fig. 14), a species described without locality, and I agree with
Weinkauff that the unfigured 0. signata, Lischke, is also very
closely allied. Perhaps 0. spreta, Gould, may belong here; the
author never figured it and the type, I suppose, was destroyed
by fire, in Chicago ; I give a figure which E. A. Smith identifies
with this species (fig. 15).

O. LEUCOZONIAS, Gray. PL 16, figs. 16, 17.

Orange-yellow, with zigzag chestnut lines and maculations, a
white band at the suture, spotted with chestnut, and another
white band below the middle of the shell. Length, 12-15 mill.

Senegal.
O. ANAZORA, Duclos. PL 16, figs 19-23.

Markings similar to those of the two preceding species, with
a form about intermediate between them. I am not able to give
any better distinction than the very different locality ; indeed,
the probability is that the future conchologist, with specimens
from more numerous stations, will be able to reduce the number
of species of Oliuella to a very few, each of them presenting
certain types of variation in form and coloring.

Length, 8-13 mill.

Xipixapi, W- Columbia; Acapulco; Mazatlan.

70 OLTVELLA.

With this I unite 0. pulla, Marr. (fig. 19), 0. versicolor, Marr.
(figs. 20, 21), 0. compta, Marr. (fig. 22)". 0. Capensis, Sowb. (fig.
23), said to come from the Cape of Good Hope, can only be
separated by its doubtful locality.

0. PUELCHANA, d'Orbigny. PI. 16, figs. 24, 25 ; PI. 1, fig. 1.

Yiolet-brown, more or less maculated, with a narrow white
band above the brown-tinted fasciole, and a wider band, macu-
lated with brown, below the suture ; aperture dark-colored
within. Length, 12-15 mill.

San Bias, Patagonia (d'Orb) ; Garthagena, Centr. Am.? (Reeve).

I fear that this is no more than an extreme color-variety of
the preceding species. 0. cyanea, Reeve, is a synonym, not
differing in any respect.

0. UNDATELLA, Lam. PL 16, fig. 18 ; PL 17, figs. 35-38 ; PL 33,

fig. 31.

Ash-gray, with zigzag chestnut markings, distinct or obsolete,
but forming two well-marked revolving bands by the color
becoming more emphasized ; a yellow band marked with chestnut
beneath the sutures ; fasciole yellowish, strigated with chestnut ;
interior and base of columella chocolate-colored.

Length, -5-'8 inch.

Panama t-> Mazatlan.

The above description is that of the typical coloration, but the
variation in color and markings is so great that it is wonderful
that a number of species have not been separated from it. One
of the principal variations is a pure white, with indefinite
cloudings, maculations or zigzags of chocolate ; another white,
with pink longitudinal zigzag markings, etc. Fig. 31 represents
0. nedulina, Duclos,

0. GRACILIS, Brod. and Sowb. PL 16, fig. 26 ; PL 17, fig. 27.

Shell rather slender, with elevated spire, and somewhat effuse
below ; yellowish fawn, with light chestnut zigzag markings and

maculations. Length, *7-'9 inch.

Mazatlan; Lower California.

Distinguished from 0. Anazora, which inhabits the same
region, by its more slender form, elevated spire, greater size and
lighter color. 0. tennis, Marrat (fig. 27), is probably a juvenile
of this species.

OL1VELLA. 7 J

O. ILETICA, Carpenter. PL It, figs. 28-31, 34.

Spire moderately elevated, sharp-pointed, body-whorl oval;
red-brown or gray, fasciculated upon a white band at the suture ;
body-whorl maculated or with zigzag markings, and sometimes
a white central band, fascicle white, tip of spire frequently dark-
tinted. Length, '75-1 inch.

Coast of California.

W. M. Gabb identifies this species with the post-pliocene
0. Pedroana, Conrad (fig. 30), which would have priority, if
identical ; a still earlier published name is 0. alectona, Duclos
(fig. 34), but I am not convinced that it is the same species.
0. nota, Marrat (fig. 31), said to come from Vancouver's Island,
may be referred to the present species with more confidence.
0. bsetica, is a larger, somewhat more swollen form than
0. Anazora, but not very different.

0. I>AMA, Mawe. PL 17, fig. 39.

Spire and fasciole j^ellowish white, the former ash-tipped, the
latter sometimes bearing a band of chestnut maculations, body-
whorl long-fasciculated at the suture and closely reticulated over
the balance of the surface ; interior of aperture and columella

violet. Length, '6-1 inch.

Guaymas, Mazatlan.

This may prove to be a very solid variety of 0. bsetica, Carp.,
yet possesses distinctive characters in its solidity, shorter spire
and violet aperture.

O. PULCHELLA, Duclos. PL 17, fig. 40.

A solid shell, sparingly marked with zigzag brown lines, and
maculate below the suture. Length, '18 mill.

Cape Blanco, W. Africa.

A doubtful species from a doubtful locality. Weinkauff
considers it identical with 0. leucozonias, Gray, with which it
appears to me to have but little in common. To me it looks
more like a worn specimen of 0. dama.

0. EXQUISITA, Angas. PL 17, figs. 32, 33, 41.

Brownish yellow, with three rows of rather distant irregular
chestnut maculations, connected by undulating longitudinal
Ifnes, which cover the fasciole. Length, 8-12 mill.

N. -£. Wales, Australia.

72 OLIVA, LAMPRODOMA.

I think it almost certain that 0. Brazieri, Angas (fig. 41), is
merely a larger, less distinctly marked variety of the same
species.

0. TRITICEA, Duclos. PI. 17, figs. 42-44.

Yellowish white, with three revolving rows of chestnut-brown
maculations. Length, 10 mill.

New Guinea (Duclos); Port Jackson, Australia,

5 fathoms (Ad. and Ang.).
0. pardalis, Adams and Angas (fig. 44), is a synonym.

O. LEUCOZONA, Ad and Ang. PL It, fig. 45.

Yellowish brown, longitudinally reticulated with chestnut,
with a bluish white band above the fascicle, tinged with chestnut

at the base. Length, 15 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia, 6 fathoms.

Besides the difference in painting, this species has a longer
spire and is larger than 0. triticea.

O. NYMPHA, Ad. and Angas. PI. 17, fig. 46.

Spire elevated ; semipellucid white, with an opaque white band
at the suture. Length, 10 mill.

Port Stephens, N. S. Wales, 5 fathoms (Angas) ; Mauritius

(B. S. Lyman); Sydney, N. S Wales, 25 fms. (Brazier).

O. SIMPLEX, Pease, PI. 17, figs. 47, 48.

Pure white, shining. Length, 4-5 mill.

Upolu and Tongataboo, Polynesia.
0. nitens, Dunker (fig. 48), is a synonym.

0. AUSTRALIS, Tenison-Woods. Australia.

I have not seen the description of this species. It is unfigured.

Genus OLIVA, Drug.
Subgenus Lamprodoma, Swainson.

I commence with this small group rather than with the typical
Olives, because it appears to connect the latter with Olivella.

Seven species are enumerated by Weinkauff, and one only of
these has the characteristic numerous transverse ridges on the
fasciole ; the others may be referred to Olivella. 0. volutella is
found in vast numbers over many acres on the sandy beach west
of the city of Panama ; most numerous where the beach has a

OLIVA. 73

gentle slope midway between high- and low-water mark. Some
time after the retreat of the tide, it is found crawling about with
much vivacity on the wet sand. The shell, while the animal is
moving, is wholly covered with the foot-lobes, and these are
entirely concealed with a thick coat of sand. When the first
wave of the returning tide strikes them, washing off their coat
of sand, they instantly bury themselves.*

0. VOLUTELLA, Lam. PL 17, figs. 49-51.

Yellowish, bluish gray, chestnut- or chocolate-colored ; the
spire and fasciole often yellowish and the body-whorl darker-
colored ; the latter sometimes faintly marked with longitudinal
zigzag strigations ; interior of aperture yellowish to chocolate-
brown. Length, -75-1-25 inches.

Panama to Gulf of California.

0. rasamola, Duclos (fig. 51), and 0. selasia, Duclos, are syn-
onyms ; the latter founded on a water-worn specimen.

lienus OLIVA. (Typical.}

The Olives form a very distinct group of mollusks, partaking
in the form, and porcellanous coating of their shells, in the
character of Cyprsea on one side and the Yolutes on the other
side. Like most shells enveloped in the voluminous foot of the
animal, the Oliva has no epidermis, and to the same circumstance
is to be attributed the want of an operculum. The shell has an
under layer with different pattern of coloring, but this is never
exposed, unless in worn specimens, or else artificially by the aid
of acids ; hence it is evident that, unlike the Cypraea, which
changes its pattern upon becoming mature, the two layers in
Oliva are simultaneously produced at all stages of its growth.

The Olives are tropical in distribution, the species usually
being somewhat restricted in geographical area. They, live on
sandy flats, burrowing under the surface as the tide retires ;
they are very active, moving with considerable quickness.

Many of the species are immediately recognized by peculiar,
unvarying patterns of coloring ; others, again, vary so greatly
in this respect that it is almost impossible to define them satis-
factorily.

* Adams, Ami. N. Y. Lye., 281, 1852.
10

74 OLIVA.

0. PORPHYRIA, Linn. PL 18, fig. 53.

Flesh-color, angularly marked with some large, and many
small, crowded, deep chestnut lines ; fasciole tinged with violet,
with chestnut maculations ; interior of aperture and columella

yellowish flesh-color. Length, 4 inches.

Panama to Mazatlan.

Sometimes very faintly, broadly two- or three-banded with
bluish ash.

O. SPLENDIDULA, Sowb. PL 18, fig. 54.

Flesh-color, with two broad, interrupted brown bands composed
of triangular markings and reticulations, the intermediate surface
covered with fainter maculations and spots ; base tinged with
violet, interior yellowish flesh-color. Length, 2 inches.

Panama.
0. PERUVIANA, Lam. PL 18, figs. 55-58.

Shell thick, gibbous, with sometimes a slightly an^ulated
shoulder; flesh-color, covered with numerous chestnut spots,
disposed to coalesce into close zigzag longitudinal markings,
or into larger and more distant zigzags ; sometimes the markings
are entirely absent, in others the entire surface is more or less

covered with chestnut. Length, 2 inches.

Peru and Chili.

0. EPISCOPALIS, Lam. PL 18, figs. 59, 60 ; PL 19, figs. 61-63.

White, with chestnut spots and maculations having ash-colored
shadings, and sometimes indistinct ashy bands ; interior of
aperture deep violet. Length, 1*5-2*25 inches.

Indian Ocean ; N. Australia ; N. Caledonia to Central Pacific.

Constantly distinguished by its violet interior. 0. lugubris,
Lam. (fig. 60), is a dark-colored variety ; 0. quersolina (fig. 59),
and O.-atalina, Duclos (fig. 62), are pale or faded specimens.
0. fulva, Marrat (fig. 63), is pink with light red spots and
indistinct bands, roseate within the aperture : I agree with Dr.
WeinkaufF that it is probably only a variation of 0. epixcopali*.

O. GUTTATA, Lam. PL 19, figs. 64-67.

Cream- to flesh-color, with large or small bluish ash-colored
spots varying to chestnut or shaded with both colors ; suture

OLIVA. 75

and fascicle spotted or streaked with chocolate or violet ; interior
of aperture orange-red. Length, 1*5-2*25 inches.

Indian Ocean, China, Philippines, Polynesia, Madagascar, Zanzibar.

0. cruenta, Sol., and 0. emicator, Meusch., have priority over
0. guttata, but the latter name is so well known that it seems
inadvisable to change it. 0. mantichora, Duel. (fig. 67), is a
monstrous condition of this species, not uncommon among
Olives.

O. RUFULA, Duclos. PI. 20, fig. 79.

Fawn-colored, crossed diagonally or transversely b}^ dark
chestnut bands formed by the coalescence of trigonal markings ;

aperture white within. Length, 1 inch.

Philippines, Moluccas.

0. INFLATA, Lam. PL 19, figs. 68-70 ; PL 20, figs. 71-76.

Shell swollen, becoming gibbous in the middle in old specimens,
the spire partially sunken below the edge of the body-whorl, the
latter produced behind, with a heavy callous deposit ; outer lip
sometimes enormously thickened ; fasciole with a heavy callous
ridge, independent of the columellar plaits ; color white or
yellowish, more or less dotted, blotched or banded, or lightning-
streaked with brown-orange, chestnut, chocolate or bluish ash,
sometimes variegated with two or three colors at once, sometimes
almost or entirely covered with dark color, occasionally pure
white ; aperture white within. Length, 1*5-2 inches.

Red Sea; Ceylon; E. Africa; Madagascar; Seychelles.

The variability of this species in coloring is exceedingly great.
When old, the best characters are derived from the inflated form,
sunken spire, callous thickenings and columellar ridge; but less
developed specimens are so close to some of the succeeding
species that their distinction appears to be somewhat doubtful.

(). lacertina, Quoy (figs. 75, 76), is a somewhat peculiarly
colored young shell of this species ; I have a similar specimen
before me.

0. TIGRINA, Lam. PL 20, figs. 77, 78, 80.

Light yellowish or ash-color, profusely marked with small blue-
gray spots, occasionally coalescing into short zigzags ; aperture
and columella white within. Length, 1*75-2*25 inches.

Ceylon; Java; Philippines; East Africa.

7fi OLTVA.

The markings are similar to varieties of the preceding species,
from which it is somewhat doubtfully distinguished by its less
inflated form, spire not so much sunken, fasciole without the
callous ridge, etc. As in inflata, the color varies, but not so
frequently, perhaps; I figure a dark-hued specimen (fig. 78).
0. glandiformis, Marr. (fig. 80), is at least identical as to the
figure I copy ; the two additional figures given by Marrat appear
to be more similar to 0. elegans, Lam.

0. ELEGANS, Lam. PL 20, figs. 81-83 ; PI. 21, figs. 84-88.

Shell olive, or brownish yellow, closely covered with zigzag
lines or punctations, or both, varying from chocolate to nearly
black, and frequently shaded with orange, and bluish ash ; some-
times there is an overlaid darker series of crowded zigzags
forming two irregular bands, or even almost cavering the shell ;
fasciole tinged with saffron-color. Length, 1'5-1'75 inches.

Indian Ocean to Central Polynesia.

Generally smaller, darker-colored and not so much inflated as
0. tigrina, but I have hesitated long whether to treat it as a
synonym of that species or as distinct ; its characteristics are
certainly insufficient. I am compelled to place here as synonyms
several so-called species which have heretofore been considered
distinct, but the large number of specimens before me covers
every grade of variation between them ; the tinted fasciole
appears to be a feature common to all. These synonyms are
0. flava, Marr. (fig. 83), 0. infrenata, Marr. (fig. 84), and
0. Hemiltona, Duclos (fig. 85).

Var. TRICOLOR, Lain. Figs. 85-88.

The zigzag painting is more or less broken up into spots, and
is blue, olive or chocolate shaded with orange, disposed upon a
light ground. This has usually been considered a distinct
species, but is connected with the type by insensible gradations.
0. tringa, Duclos (fig. 88), is probably the young state.

0. CALOSOMA, Duclos. PI. 21, fig. 89.

Pure white, or with slight indications of three bands composed
of occasional triangular brown markings. Length, 27 mill.

China.

OLIVA. 77

0. AVELLANA, Lam. PL 21, fig. 00.

White, with short triangular reddish markings, forming two
interrupted bands ; aperture white within. Length, 30-40 mill.

New Guinea,.
0. LECOQUIANA, Ducros. PI. 21, figs. 92, 93 ; PI. 33, fig. 30.

Shell marked and banded with chocolate-colored triangular
markings, as in 0. elegans, the fasciole similarly stained with
saffron-color ; form somewhat more bulbous ; interior of aperture

violaceous. Length, 35 mill.

China

The colored aperture is the best distinctive character. 0.
similis, Marrat (fig. 92), appears to be a minor form of this
species; and 0. calosoma, Marr., not Duclos (fig. 30), is a still
smaller form; 0. stellata, Duel. (fig. 93), may also probably be
referred here.

0. BULBIFORMIS, Duclos. PI. 21, figs. 94-96.

Shell short and very bulbous, colored as in 0. elegans externally,
but the interior of the aperture chocolate-brown, or violaceous

brown. Length, 30 mill.

Solomon Is.; Moluccas.

The form is typically very distinct from all species related in
external coloring, yet I fear that it will be found to graduate
into the preceding species.

0. FUNEBRALIS, Lam. PI. 21, figs. 97-99 ; PI. 22, figs. 100-5.

Shell rather more cylindrical than the preceding species, with
the usual color-markings of the group. It differs insufficiently
from 0. Lecoquiana in the lower band of the fasciole being deeply
strigated with chocolate ; aperture white or slightly bluish or
chocolate within. Length, 1-1 '8 inches.

Ceylon; Moluccas; New Guinea; Viti Islands.

O.leucostoma, Duclos (figs/ 98, $$,,0.inornata, Marrat (fig. 100),
O.propinqua, Marrat (fig. 1) and 0. /wtea,Marr. (fig. 2), probably,
are synonyms.

Yar. DACTYLIOLA, Duclos. Figs. 3-5.

Shell smaller, more regularly marked with zigzag lines and
spots. Length, -8-1 inch.

To this form may be united 0. picta, Reeve (fig. 4) , and probably
0. blanda, Marr. (fig. 5).

78 OLTVA.

O. MUSTELLINA, Lam. PI. 22, figs. 6-14.

Cylindrical, the aperture long and narrow, the spire very short,
sharp-pointed; pale yellowish, covered with light chestnut ful-
gurations, interior deep violet. Length, 1-1-25 inches.

Singapore ; Japan.

Distinguished at once by its cylindrical form, light coloring,
and violet interior. The following may be considered synony-
mous, being mostly slight variations in form, or dead and faded
specimens: 0. caroliniana,Dne\o$ (fig. 7), 0. anguxtata, Marr,
(fig. 8), 0. loems, Marr. (fig. 9 , probabty, 0. scitula, Marr. (fig. 10),
0. grata, Marr. (fig. 11), 0. Pacifica, Marr. (fig. 12), 0. arctata,
Marr. (fig. 13), and 0. cana, Marr. (fig. 14). Possibly 0. neostina,
Marrat, not Duclos, and 0. Jayana, Ducros, also belong here.

O. NEOSTINA, Duclos. PI. 22, figs. 15-20.

Somewhat less cylindrical than 0. mustellina and larger ; color
varying from light yellowish white to chocolate, the lighter
varieties with zigzag brown lines ; aperture white or slightly
bluish within. Length, 1*25 -1*5 inches.

Australia; New Guinea.

This bears some resemblance to the preceding, and is more
closely related to the following species, of which it may possibly
be a minor variety. I am not at all satisfied as to its claim to
distinctness. 0. Octavia, Duclos (fig. 15), is usually considered
synonymous.

0. MAURA, Lam. PI. 23, figs. 21-26 ; PL 1, fig. 5 ; PL 34, fig. 54.

Light olivaceous, orange-brown, chestnut or chocolate, some-
times nearly black, often more or less distinctly banded with
lines of different shades of the same color, the lighter-colored
specimens especially, frequently marked with chestnut zigzag
lines and spots; interior of aperturetind columella white; fasciole
mostly colored with the prevailing tint.

Length, 1-75-2-25 inches.

Indo-Pacific and Austro- Pacific Provinces.

One of the commonest and most variable species of the genus.
It may be distinguished from 0. tigrina, which it often resembles
greatly in painting, by its larger size and more cylindrical form.
Fig. 26 represents 0. Macleaya, I)uclos.

OLIVA. 79

0. SANGUINOLENTA, Lam. PL 23, figs. 27-29 ; PL 24, figs. 30,33.

Cylindrically oblong, with short, partly sunken spire ; cream-
color or light olive, covered with very numerous, generally minute
and close zigzag chocolate lines and reticulations, and which
often form a subsutural and a median band ; interior of aperture
fleshy white ; columella and fasciole richly marked with orange-
red. Length, 1-75-2-25 inches.

Mauritius, Indian Ocean, Philippines, New Caledonia.

The form is the same as in O. maura, but the very close, minute
pattern of coloring and brilliant columella will distinguish it.
0. evania, Duclos (fig. 29), is a synonym, and 0. pindamella,
Duclos (fig. 33), is believed to be a young, rubbed specimen of
this species. 0. Keeni, Marrat (fig. 30) , partakes of the characters
of the next species, but its closest relationship is with 0. san-
guinolenta.

0. IRISANS, Lam. PL 24, figs. 31, 32, 34-42 ; PL 25, figs. 43-49 ;
PL 26, figs. 50-54 ; PL 27, figs. 55-60 ; PL 1, fig. 3.

Shell flesh-colored, orange-brown or chocolate, with zigzag-
brown lines, shaded with ash and orange, and faintly or inter-
ruptedly two-banded; fasciole slightly tinged with orange; interior
of aperture white or flesh-color or faintly bluish.

Length, 2-3 inches.

Mauritius, Ceylon, Java, Philippines, Australia, Polynesia.

Reeve, Marrat and Weinkauif have distinguished a number of
species which I am compelled to treat as synonyms, because the
large suite of specimens before me shows that these are partly
merely transition forms and partly distinctions based on size
only. A rather narrow cylindrical and small variety has been
selected for 0. irisanx (figs. 34-36), and a larger growth, not so
cylindrical, for 0. zeilanica, Lam. (fig. 37), with which O. Phi-
lantha, Duclos (fig. 38), is synonymous ; 0. galeola, Duclos (fig.
39), is also a synonym.

Yar. CONCINNA, Marrat. Figs. 40-45.

A somewhat smaller shell than 0. irisans, differing principal^
in the interior of the aperture being blue or violet. With this
variety must be united 0. cylindracea (fig. 42), 0. clara, (fig.
43), 0. lignaria, (fig. 44), and 0. ornata (fig. 45), all of Marrat.

80 OLIVA.

Yar. TREMULINA, Lam. Figs. 46-52.

This shows the same range of variation in color as the typical
irisans, and only differs in its greater size and solidity.

Length, 3'5-4 inches.

The synonyms are 0. nobilis, Reeve (fig. 48), 0. tenebrosa,
Marr. (fig. 49), 0. fumosa, Marr. (fig. 50), and 0. olympiadina,
Duclos = 0. pica, Lam. (figs. 51, 52).

Yar. ERYTHROSTOMA, Lam. PI. 1, fig. 3 ; PL 26, figs. 53, 54 ; PI.
27, figs. 55-58 ; PL 34, fig. 53.

Shell cream- or flesh-color, with violet or red zigzag longitu-
dinal lines, which are very irregular and rather distant, and
frequently shaded with orange ; there are two bluish violet
interrupted bands ; interior of aperture bright orange-red.

Length, 2-3 inches.

Ordinarily the coloring of this form is sufficiently distinctive,
so that I hesitated whether to give it specific or varietal rank ;
I am induced to favor the latter because a number of specimens
are before me which are intermediate between this and the last
variety : thus, some have the external coloration of erythrostoma,
more or less, with the aperture white within, others are colored
like tremulina (some of them uniform dark chocolate), with the
aperture varying from the faintest blush to deep orange-red.

The synonyms are 0. magnified, Ducros = 0. tremulina (in
part), Marrat (fig. 54), 0. azqmulafDucloa (fig. 55), 0. mazaris,
Duclos (fig. 56), 0. sylvia, Duclos (figs. 57, 58), and 0. ponderosa,
Duclos (PL 34, fig. 53), a thick-growing form.

Yar. TEXTILINA, Lam. PL 2f , figs. 59, 60.

Cream-colored, very light yellowish or pink, closely reticulated
by zigzag chestnut markings, usually forming a superior and a
median band of darker reticulations ; aperture white or light
flesh-color. Length, 2-3 inches.

This is also typically a very distinct shell, in its close
reticulated pattern and in the bands being formed of darker
reticulations and not of markings confluent into blotches ; yet
in some specimens these blotches appear, and in others they
spread more and more so as to form a complete series from the
type to the uniformly chocolate-colored shell ; on the other hand.

OLTVA. 81

the reticulations become lighter, verging on pink, more sparse,
and so merge into erythrostoma. In describing one of the
varieties of this protean species, WeinkaufF predicted that they
would some day all " be placed in one basket ;" this I have been
compelled to do ; but I have still retained as varietal the names
of the principal forms.

0. ARANEOSA, Lam. PL 27, figs. 61, 62 ; PL 28, figs. 63-74 ; PL
29, figs. 75-83.

Oval-cylindrical, a little constricted around the upper part of
the body-whorl, and sometimes with a faintly angulated shoulder;
the spire prominent ; cream-color, overlaid with a closely reticu-
lated pattern of brick-red to chocolate, and fasciculations of the
same color at the sutures ; interior cream-white or lightly tinted
blue or chocolate. Length, 1-5-2-25 inches.

Panama to Cape St. Lucas L. Gal.

Is a larger, heavier, less cylindrical species than 0. reticularis
of the West Indies — of which it is the West Coast representative:
the two are ver}r probably of common derivation. The figures
cited by Lamarck well represent this species — which is better
known under the name of 0. Melchersi, Menke. Weinkauff
having restored the Lamarckian name, I follow him, but would
otherwise have hesitated to drop a well-known designation in
favor of one which is in fact almost unknown. The other
synonyms are 0. oblonga, Marr. (fig. 63), 0. Pindarina, Duclos
(fig. 64), 0. subangulata, Phil. (fig. 65), an angulated form, 0.
fuscata, Marr. (fig. 66), a dark variety, 0. oriola, Duclos (fig. 67),
which is somewhat lighter than fuscata, 0. harpularia, Lam.
(fig. 68), described from a worn shell, 0. intertincta, Carpenter
(fig. 69), a juvenile, and 0. violacea, Marrat (fig. 70).

Var. VENULATA, Lam. Figs. 71-73.

Shell shorter, more swollen around the upper part; spire
shorter ; painting usually darker, the reticulated pattern more
or less broken up into nebulous spots. The synonyms are 0.
punctata, Marr. (fig. 72), and 0. Pindarina, Marr., not Duclos
(fig. 73).

Var. JULIETTE, Duclos. PL 29, figs. 74-82 ; PL 21, fig. 91.
Shell very bulbous, with short spire ; thick. Length, 2 inches.
11

82 OLIVA.

Typical examples are so different in form from 0. araneosa,
while the painting is more nebulous, that they would readily be
distinguished as a species, but intermediate specimens are not
wanting. This form also has several synonyms : 0. Timorensis,
Duclos (figs. 75, 16), said to come from Timor — which is evidently
an erroneous habitat ; one of these specimens is dark colored,
resembling 0. Cumingii, Reeve (fig. 77), which must also be
considered a synonym. 0. Marise, Ducros (fig. 78), is a small
specimen apparently, of this species ; Kuster figures a larger
shell under the same name (PI. 21, fig. 91); 0. obesina, Duclos
(fig. 79), O.porcea, Marrat (fig. 80) and 0. graphica, Marr. (fig. 81),
are also to be placed here ; and I am inclined to include 0. truncata,
Marr. fig. 82), although it is said to come from the Cape of Good
Hope. I believe this habitat to be erroneous ; moreover a
specimen received from Mr. Marrat is undoubtedly a young
Juliettae.

Yar. POLPASTA, Duclos. Fig. 83.

Light olive, the reticulations broken up into nebulous spots
and occasional arrow-head markings ; the fasciculations at the
sutures spread from centres at regular distances, between which
the shell is colored yellowish white. Length, 1'25-1'75 inches.

The form is much like var. Juliettae, from which it is to be
distinguished by its smaller size, darker color, and especially
by its gay alternation of white spaces and fan-like chocolate
fasciculations at the sutures — which are none of them stable
characters.

O. ANGULATA, Lam. PI. 29, fig. 84.

Ovate, ventricose, very thick, angularly swollen above the
middle ; ash-white mottled and spotted with olive and gray,
and with occasional chestnut transverse streaks and zigzag
markings; lip and columella flesh-pink. Length, 2*5-3'5 inches.

Panama to Quay mas.

The young shell is not angulated, and approximates to the
last species in form, and somewhat in exterior coloring, but
may be distinguished at once by the color of the columella and
interior.
0. SCRIPTA, Lam. PI. 30, fig. 85.

Cylindrically oblong, spire rather short, columellar plaits

OLIVA. 83

numerous ; yellowish brown, with pale chestnut zigzag markings
and reticulations, and two bands of interrupted dark chestnut
hieroglyphic figures ; bluish white within the aperture.

Length, 1*5-2 inches.

China, Australia.

O. FUSIFORMIS, Lam. PL 30, figs. 86-89 ; PL 34, fig. 56.

Shell thick, oval, swollen posterior^, the spire prominent ;
white, with longitudinal zigzag chestnut figures, sometimes two
banded, and sometimes the chestnut-color nearly covers the
shell by the coalescence of the markings ; white within the

aperture. Length, 1*5-2*25 inches.

West Indies.

With this are to be united 0. obesina, Duel., O. Aldinia,
Duclos (fig. 88), 0. onisca, Duel. (fig. 87), 0. mercatoria, Marr.
(fig. 56) — at least in part (one of his figures resembles 0. reti-
cularis more closely), 0. bullata, Marr. (fig. 89), and 0. reclusa,
Marr., the last two not fully grown.

O. RETICULARIS, Lam. PL 30, figs. 90-95; PL 31, figs. 96-4;

PL 34, fig. 57.

White, with pink or chestnut zigzag longitudinal markings,
and fasciculations of the same color around the suture ; some-
times there are faint bands, and occasionally the whole surface
is more or less covered with chestnut ; aperture white.

Length, 1*5-2*25 inches.

Florida, West Indies.

Among the synonyms may be cited 0. ustulata, Lam. (fig. 92),
0. tisiphona, Ducios (figs. 93, 57), 0. memnonia, Duel. (fig. 94),
0. Sowerbyi, Marrat (fig. 95), 0. figura, Marr. (fig. 96), 0. Bewleyi.
Marr. (fig. 97), 0. Jamaicensis, Marr. (fig. 98), 0. hepatica, Marr.
(not Lam.) = 0. bifasciata,Weinka,uff (fig. 99), O.formosa, Marr.
(fig. 100), 0. nivosa, Marr. (fig. 1). The white variety of the last
is equivalent to 0. olorinella, Duclos (fig. 2),whichWeinkauff has
erroneously made a synonym of 0. ispidula, Linn. 0. brunnea,
Marrat (fig. 3), is said to come from Borneo, but I have before
me undoubted West Indian specimens precisely like it ; 0. oriola,
Duel. (fig. 4), is nearly equivalent to the last.

O. LITTERATA, Lam. PL 31, figs. 5-7.

Shell gradually attenuated at each end, with produced spire ;

84 OL1VA.

over the usual zigzag markings, reticulations and sutural fascic-
ulations, are two bands of hieroglyphic characters, which are
usually well marked. Length, l'5-2'5 inches.

Beaufort, North Carolina to Florida;

West Indies; Bahia, Brazil.

The attenuation of the posterior part of the shell, distin-
guishes this from 0. reticularis, with which some of its varieties
are nevertheless too closely allied ; the same character and
greater size distinguish it from 0. scripta, Lam., which has very
similar painting. 0. circinnata, Marr. (fig. 6), is one of the
connecting forms referred to above. 0. multiplicata, Reeve
(fig. 7), is probably also a synonym.

O. STAINFORTHII, Reeve. PI. 31, fig. 8.

White, faintly sprinkled with gray-shaded reddish dots, and
marked with a very few blackish blotches disposed in two bands,
unspotted next the sutures, columella and interior of aperture

ivory-white. Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

A very doubtful species, resting solely on the type specimen —
from which the colors have probably been worn off.

O. HIEROGLYPHIC A, Reeve. PL 31, fig. 9.

Ivory-white, encircled by three rows of pale brown hiero-
glyphic markings. Length, *6 inch.

Habitat unknown.

A doubtful species.

O. POLITA, Marrat. PL 32, fig. 10.

Yellowish, with white and chestnut maculations ; pallid viola-
ceous within the aperture. Length, 20 mill.

West Indies.

Weinkauff thinks that this is perhaps a young 0. litterata,
but it appears to me to differ greatly from that species, both in
form and markings. I have not seen specimens. It may be a
variety of the next species.

O. FLAMMULATA, Lam. PL 32, fig. 11 ; PL 34, fig. 55.

Yellowish white, with reticulations and angular markings of
chestnut-brown, and occasional white maculations ; interior of
aperture whitish or tinged with purple. Length, '9-1'S inches.

West Africa, Senegal, Cape Blanco.

OLIVA. 85

0. DUCLOSI, Reeve. PI. 32, figs. 12-17.

Shell with close reticulations and triangular markings of
chestnut, with narrow, interrupted sutural and median bands,
aperture yellowish brown. Length, -9-1-25 inches.

China, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, Polynesia.

0. flammulata,'Ijiim., is too closely allied to varieties of this
species ; I have hesitated to separate them. 0. lentiginosa,
Reeve (fig. 14), is merely a lighter-colored specimen ; 0. esodina,
Duel. (fig. 15) and 0. Natalia, Duel. (fig. 16), are also synonyms,
and I suppose that 0. Sandwichensis, Pease (fig. 17), may also
be added. This is the 0. jaspidea, Duclos (not Olivella jaspidea,
of Gmelin), under which name it is as generally known as that
of Reeve.

0. THOMASI, Crosse. PI. 32, fig. 18.

Heavy, oblong, with rather short spire ; flesh-color, obscurely
two-zoned, numerously punctate, maculated with chestnut at the
suture ; yellowish white, obscurely bifasciate within the aperture.

Length, 28 mill.

Tahiti.

Is possibly a variety of 0. Jiammulata, judging from the
figures and description.

0. AUSTRALIS, Duclos. PI. 32, figs. 19-20.

Spire elevated; white or yellowish, with light chestnut or
purple-ash zigzag lines ; interior of aperture white, maculated
with purple near the margin. Length, '75-1 inch.

Australia, New Guinea.

Mr. John Brazier informs me that the natives of New Guinea
place these shells on red-hot ashes, which discharges the coloring,
leaving them entirely white ; in which condition they are strung
to make neck-ornaments and girdles. 0. caldania, Duclos (fig.
20) is a synonym.

O. PAXILLUS, Reeve. PL 32, figs. 21-23.

Shell thick, stout, cone-shaped, with a high spire ; white, with
triangular brown markings, forming interrupted bands, and spots
beneath the sutures and on the fasciole ; interior of aperture
sometimes two or three banded. Length, '85-1-1 inches.

Japan, Philippines, Australia.

The form of this species is its best characteristic. 0. ozodona,

86 OL1VA.

Duclos (fig. 22), and 0. nitidula, Duclos, not Gmelin (fig. 23),
are to be united with it.

O. PANNICULATA, Duclos. PI. 32, figs. 24, 25.

White, with faint longitudinal zigzags, and interrupted narrow
bands at the suture and below the middle. Lgngth, '75 inch.

Madagascar.
O. ANIOMINA, Duclos. PI. 32, figs. 26, 27.

.Yellowish white, with chestnut-red zigzags and nebulous

markings. Length, '75-1-1 inches.

Japan.

0. rufopicta, Weinkauff (fig. 27), appears to be the same
species.

O. KALEONTINA, Duclos. PL 32, fig. 28.

Purple-fawn, interruptedly spotted and variegated with reddish
chestnut, with oblong spots beneath the sutures ; columella and
interior of the aperture purplish white. Length, 33 mill.

Bay of Guayaquil and Galapagos Is.; 6 to 12 fms. — Cuming.

O. BRODEEIPII, Ducros. PI. 33, fig. 33.

Shell rather convex, with short spire ; yellowish brown, closely
reticulated with chestnut ; aperture chocolate-brown within.

Length, 30 mill.

Habitat unknown.

A doubtful species, supposed to differ from 0. ispidula in its
wider form and more convex sides.

O. PYGM^A, Reeve. PL 32, fig. 29.

Orange-yellow, clouded and dotted with red-brown ; columella
and interior of aperture white. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Except in the color of the interior, it resembles 0. ispidula:
it is a doubtful species.

O. ISPIDULA, Linn. PL 33, figs. 34-43, 29, 38.

White, ash, yellow, brown, chestnut or chocolate-colored,

without markings, or with nebulous spots, zigzag lines or

reticulations, often with a band near the top of the body-whorl ;

columella white ; interior chocolate-colored. Length, 1-1 '5 inches.

Indian Ocean, Philippines, Fiji Islands, etc.

It is impossible to enumerate the shades and patterns of

CALLTANAX. 87

coloring of this species ; its chocolate-colored interior is its most
characteristic feature, whilst the form is also tolerably constant.
Banded varieties may be recognized by the band being on the
upper part of the whorl, but not attaining the suture. There are
several synonyms, as follows : 0. flaveola, Duel. (fig. 40), 0.
variabilis, Gray, 0. Candida, Lam. (fig. 41), 0 tigridella, Duclos
(figs. 42, 29, 28), 0. egira, Duel. (fig. 43).

0. SIDELIA, Duel. PL 33, figs. 27, 44-50.

Yellowish or orange-color, sometimes without markings, but
usually with more or less regular narrow zigzags of chestnut,
and occasionally with clouds of the same color; interior of
aperture bluish white to violet-red. Length, *7-'9 inch.

China, Philippines, New Guinea, Viti Is., Madagascar.

I unite here, under the oldest name, a number of species here-
tofore considered distinct ; the dark unspotted variety being the
0. volvaroides, Duel. (fig. 45), and immature specimens (one of
which is partly covered with chestnut), the 0. sidelia, Duel.
(figs. 44, 27). The mature painted shells are : 0. athenia, Duel,
(fig. 46) = 0. mucronata, Marr. (fig. 47), 0. lepida, Duel. (fig.
48), 0. todosina, Duel. (fig. 49), and O.faba, Marr. (fig 50).

0. TESSELLATA, Lam. PL 33, fig. 51.

Creamy white to yellowish brown, with irregular distant ash-
and chestnut-shaded spots covering the surface ; interior, and
columella deep violet. Length, 1 inch.

Maldives, Java, Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia.

0. CARNEOLA, Gmelin. PL 33, fig. 52.

White, banded with rich orange-color, the bands usualty a
broad one above and below and a narrow one in the middle,
color sometimes shading into red, violet or olive ; fasciole and
aperture white, Length, -7-'9 inch.

Java, Philippines, New Caledonia, Central Polynesia.

Suhgenus Callianax, H. an 1 A. Adam?.

0. BIPLICATA, Sowb. PL 34, fig. 58.

Bluish gray, sometimes light brownish or olivaceous, fasciole
and interior of aperture violaceous ; columella biplicate at the

base. Length, *75-l'25 inches.

California.

88 AGARONTA.

0. ORBIGNYI, Marrat. PI. 34, fig. 59.

Purple-brown, with two narrow revolving white bands below
the middle; interior of aperture orange-red. Length, -9 inch.

Patagonia.
Subgenus Agarouia, Gnu .

O. HIATULA, Gmelin. PL 34, figs. 60-67 ; PI. 35, figs. 68-70 ;

PI. 36, fig. 26.

Shell thin, with raised spire and large aperture, somewhat
dilated below ; columella'r folds very oblique ; cream-color, light
brown or olivaceous, frequently nebulously painted or zigzagged
longitudinally with brown ; the fasciole lighter or darker colored,
without markings; the interior va^ing from cream-color to
chocolate, sometimes showing the external markings.

Length, 1 -5-2*5 inches.

West Coast of Africa; Panama to Mazatlan.

The occurrence of this species numerously at these two distant
points has much bothered conchologists ; the W.' African speci-
mens were called 0. Matula, and the W. American specimens,
supposed to differ somewhat in form, have been distinguished as
0. testacea, Lam. P. P. Carpenter, in his monograph of Mazatlan
shells, acknowledges that specimens from both localities vary
considerably in form and are in this respect indistinguishable,
but he attempts to make differential characters in the coloring
of the fasciole, and tinting of the plications; in both which
respects specimens before me, with undoubtedly correct habitats,
completely contravene his assertions ; indeed I have Mazatlan
specimens, received from Carpenter himself, which fully exhibit
the features which he believes to be peculiar to the W. African
form, whilst Gambian specimens show the W. American colorings.
Figs. 60-63 show 0. liiatula and fig. 65 0. testacea, Lam.

Other synonyms are: 0. pallida, Swains, (fig. 64), 0. nitellina,
Duclos (fig. 26), 0. Steeriee, Reeve (fig. 68 >, 0. cincta, Reeve (fig.
70 >, a juvenile banded variety, 0. indusiaca, Reeve (fig. 66),
erroneously said to inhabit the mouth of the River Indus, and
0. Ancillarioides, Reeve (fig. 69). 0. Lamarckii, Swainson, and
0. propatula, Conrad, are so completely typical, that copies of
their respective figures would serve no useful purpose.

0. ACUMINATA, Lam. PI. 35, figs. 71-80 ; PL 1, fig. 4.

Yellowish, fawn, or ash-gray, irregularly marked with zigzags

AGARONIA. 89

and maculations, or faintly nebulous, the markings being nearly
obsolete ; suture sometimes with fasciculations, frequently
reduced to a row of spots, still more frequently unspotted ;
fasciole and fasciolar band yellowish or fawn-color, sometimes
with faint, close, orange-red strigations ; columella white ; interior
of aperture white, maculated with chestnut on the lip-border.

Length, l'5-3 inches.

Senegal, Gambia, Java, Philippines, Australia.

Dr. Weinkauff complains that his predecessors in attempting .
to separate 0. acuminata and 0. subulata, have mistaken them
one for the other, and he has taken the trouble to unravel the
intricate synonymy, in order to thoroughly distinguish the two
species. Having carefully examined their respective characters
both in descriptions, figures and specimens, I am convinced that
no good reason exists for treating them as distinct, and that
several additional " species " must likewise be added to the
synonymy. Fig. 71 represents 0. subulata, Lam., as denned by
Weinkauff; it appears more slender, with more elevated spire
than some of the figures representing 0. acuminata, but every
intermediate form may be selected from the specimens before
me. I place here 0. modesta, Reeve (fig. 77), a young shell, 0.
annotata, Marr. (fig. 78), and Q. carita, Marr, (figs. 79, 80), also
juveniles, and 0. Barthelemyi, Ducros (fig. 76,.

O. LABUANENSIS, Marrat. PI. 35, fig. 81.

Yellowish white to orange-color, with an orange-red or brown
broad band covering the lower half of the body-whorl, sutures

fasciculated with brown. Length, 1-1*25 inches.

Borneo.

This may be only a variety of 0. nebulosa, yet I think it has
as good claims to specific distinction as most of the species.

O. LTGNEOLA, Reeve. PL 35, fig. 82,

Cone-shaped ; chestnut, the fasciole lighter, with chestnut
markings, columella white, aperture bluish. Length, 1 inch.

Habitat unknown.

I am not acquainted with this species ; Marrat has omitted it,
and Weinkauff has copied Reeve's figure and description.

O. NEBULOSA, Lam. PI. 35, figs. 83, 84.

Subcylindrical, spire moderately elevated ; cream-color, with
12

90 OLIVANCILLARIA.

zigzag ash or olive lines, merging into reticulations ; fasciole
orange-brown, mottled with chestnut. Length, 1-5-2 inches.

Ceylon; Australia ?; W. Africa.

This species has been confounded with 0. gibbosa, Born, and
has been supposed to be the young of that species ; the young
gibbosa, however, is much more inflated, and may be readily
separated from nebulosa of the same size ; the coloring is the
same in both species. 0. intricata, Marrat (fig. 84) is a
^synonym.

O. GIBBOSA, Born. PI. 36, figs. 85-87.

Shell heavy, gibbous, the columella callous, especially the
tipper part; spire also callously thickened; cream-colored, body-
whorl with zigzags and reticulations varying from ash-gray to
orange and chocolate ; fasciole yellowish, maculated with brown ;
columella and interior of aperture whitish.

Length, l'5-2'5 inches.

Ceylon; W. Africa.

Like Olivancillaria in form, but the sutured channel remains
distinct on all the whorls of the spire.

Subgenus Olivancillaria, d'Orb.
O. BRASILIANA, Lam. PL 36, fig. 88 ; PL 1, fig. 2.

Fulvous fawn, streaked with white, with short transverse gray
hair-lines ; spire callous, fasciole and interior of aperture orange-
brown. Length, 2-2*5 inches.

Brazil, La Plata, Patagonia.

The body-whorl has sometimes obscure brownish fasciculations
below the suture.

O. DESHAYESIANA, Ducros. PL 86, figs. 89, 90.

Shell smaller, more swollen above than 0. Brasiliana, and
» *

with a proportionally heavier posterior callus. Color same as

in 0. Brasiliana, Length, 1 inch.

Brazil.

The form of this shell is nearly intermediate between the last
and the next species ; it is much smaller than either, yet appears

to be mature. 0. ovata, Marr. (fig. 90), is synonymous.

%

O. AURICULARIA, Lam. PL 36, figs. 91-94.

Brown or lead-color, sometimes, in the young shell with zigzag

MONOPTYGMA. 91

faint brown markings ; fascicle and interior of aperture yellowish
brown to chocolate. Length, 1'5-1'75 inches.

Brazil to Patagonia; W. Africa.

The young shell is much narrower in form, the contorted
expanded lip and heavy columellar callus indicating the adult
'condition. 0. aguaiilis, Reeve (fig. 93), and 0. contortuplicata,
Reeve (fig. 94), are both young shells; 0. claneophila, Duclos
(fig. 92) = the adult form.

O. NANA, Lam. PI. 36, figs. 96-100.

Conical, the upper fourth part of the body-whorl overlaid with
a yellowish callus, the fasciole also yellowish and obscurely
maculated, rest of body-whorl cream-color with chestnut longi-
tudinal fulgurations, often broken up into nebulous spots ;
columella white, interior of aperture exhibiting the external
colors through the shell. Length, '75 inch.

Gabon, W. Africa; So. Africa; Madagascar.

The West Indies have been cited as habitat for this species,
I think erroneously. 0. zenospira, Duel. (fig. 79), and 0. mille-
punctala, Duclos (figs. 98, 99), are synonyms.

Subfamily ANCILLARIIN^E.

Genus MONOPTYGMA, Lea.

Several systematists have confounded this genus with Mon-
optygma, Gray — an entirely different group. The type, although
a very small shell, perfectly exhibits the generic characters, but
Lea's second species belongs to Actseonidae. Chilotygma, H.
and A. Adams, must, according to the description, become a
synonym ; but it may well be doubted whether its only species
and specimen (therefore the only recent species of Monoptygma),
is not a monstrosity.

M. ALABAMIENSIS, Lea. (PI. 3, fig. 23.) Fossil.

Eocene, Alabama.
M. EXIGUA, Sowb. PI. 37, tig. 1.

Yellowish white, very shining, callous ; callously ridged on

the body-whorl. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.

This specimen formed part of the Cumingian collection.

92 ANCILLARTA.

(Jen us ANCILLARIA, Lain.

The animal of Ancillaria is voluminous, covering the entire
shell with the exception of the spire. The head, which is
entirely concealed by the reflected portions of the foot, consists
of a short cylindrical, inflated, annulated proboscis, above which
is a semilunar veil formed by the dilatation and union of the
tentacles ; there is no indication of eyes. The mantle is pro-
duced anteriorly into a long siphon. The foot is large and
bursiform, the side-edges being greatly extended and reflected
over the shell, meeting in the middle on the back. As in Oliva,
it is deeply fissured anteriorly, forming & semilunar disk before
the head, divided by a deep longitudinal groove into two lateral,
triangular lobes, acuminated transversely ; posteriorly it is
bilobed, and is either without an operculum, or is provided with
a thin, horny unguiform one, with apical nucleus, semilunar
growth-lines, and an oval muscular impression.

The Ancillarise resemble the Olives in their habits, dwelling
among the smooth sands in which they frequently bury them-
selves. They crawl with a quick, sliding motion, and as they
glide briskly along, the shell is enveloped in the alar expansions
of the foot, which overlap each other slightly in the middle, and
extending considerably beyond the spire, form posteriorly a
loose, open sack ; anterior to these lobes the tubular cylindrical
siphon is visible, directed upwards and backwards, and even
laid flat upon the back.

The Ancillarise have been monographed by Sowerby in the
Thesaurus Conchyliorum, by Reeve in Conchologia Iconica,
and by Weinkauff in Kiister's Conchylien Cabinet. The last
authority enumerates forty-six species, some of which he con-
siders doubtful. A very careful consideration of these forms
has induced me to reduce the number of species considerably.
They are tropical animals, the t}'pical group inhabiting the Red
Sea, Indian Ocean, Australia, Japan, etc. ; one species only
occurring in American waters, in the Caribbean province. The
earliest fossils are from the eocene strata of the United States
and Europe ; they are few in number, and the genus, never
numerous in species, appears to have reached its maximum
development at the present time.

Ancillaria is, through Olivancellaria, very closely connected

ANCILLARTA. 93

with the Olives, and in its frequently horned outer lip it also
reminds one of Pseudoliva, and Eburna (Zemira) australis.

I have merged in Ancillaria several subgeneric groups of H.
and A. Adams and others, which do not appear to me to possess
substantial distinctive characters.

A. CINNAMOMEA, Lam. PL 37, figs. 2-17.

Yellowish white, with obscure revolving bands and longitudinal
strigations of light reddish brown, or without markings, and
ranging from flesh-color to cinnamon and dark chocolate ;
occasionally a revolving su]cus terminates in a slight horn on
the outer lip ; the folded columella is white, the interior of the
aperture nearly corresponding with the outer surface in color.

Length, 1-1-25 inches.

Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Zanzibar.

I unite here several so-called species. A. cinnamomea is not
quite adult, and more frequently exhibits the lip-tooth than the
adult, heavily-callused A. ventricosa, Lam. (fig. 3). A. variegata,
Sowb. (fig. 4), is the light, banded form described above, and A.
fulva, Swn. (fig. 5) has similar painting. Other synonyms are :
A. albifaxciata, Swn. (fig. 6 , A albisulcata, Sowb. (fig. 7), in
which the impressed groove is white, a character without
constancy, A, achatina, Kiener (fig. 8), A. striolata, Sowb. (fig.
9 , a juvenile, A. castanea, Sowb. (fig. 10 \ A. ovalis, Sowb. (fig.
11), another juvenile, A. Desliayesii, A. Ad. (fig. 12), A. crassa,
Sowb. (fig. 13), A. sarda, Reeve (^fig. 14), A. contum, Reeve (fig.
15 \ apparently a worn specimen, A. eburnea, Desh. (fig. 16), A.
Tronsoni, Sowb. (fig. 17 \

A. ACUMINATA, Sowb. PL 37, figs. 18-20.

Yellowish brown, lighter at the sutures and on the border of
the fascicle, the latter being darker brown, columella white.

Length, 1/25— 1 '5 inches.

Bed Sea, Zanzibar.

The narrower form is the only, and perhaps not sufficient
distinction between this and the preceding species. A. lineolata,
A. Ad. (fig. 19), and probably A. oryza, Reeve (fig. 20), are
synonyms.

A. MARMORATA, Reeve. PL 2, figs. 21, 22.

Whitish, faintly streaked and mottled with fulvous flesh-color,

94 ANCILLARTA.

brown-tinged at the suture and above the fasciole, columellar

plaits brown. Length, '75 inch.

Habitat unknown.

A. fasciata, Reeve (fig. 22), appears to be the same species. It
may be the young of A. marginata, Lam., from which the brown
columella appears to be the principal distinctive character.

A. AMPLA, Gmelin. PL 2, figs. 23, 24.

Cylindrically oblong, acuminated above, inflated below, rather
thin ; white, often orange-tinted on the spire.

Length, 1-1 '5 inches.

Red Sea, Ceylon, Mauritius, Philippines.

A. eylindrica, Sowb. (fig. 24), is the young.

A. RUBIGINOSA, Swainson. PI. 37, fig. 25 ; PJ. 38, figs. 26, 27.

Cinnamon-brown, with an enameled lighter band at the suture,
and a shallow impressed one above the fasciole.

Length, 2-2'5 inches.

Japan, China, Malacca, Madagascar.

A. mamillata, Hinds (fig. 26), and A. albo-callosa, Lischke (fig.
27), are synonyms.

A. AUSTRALTS, Sowb. PI. 38, figs. 28-33.

Lead-color or violet-brown, spire and upper portion of body-
whorl, as well as the fasciole enveloped in a yellowish callus,
marbled with chestnut. Length, *75-l*75 inches.

Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Cape.

This is a shorter species than A. rubiginosa; yet I separate it
with hesitation. A. pyramidalis. Reeve (fig. 29), and A. tricolor,
Gray (fig. 30), a juvenile, A, mucronata, Sowb. (fig. 31), probably,
and possibly A. obtusa, Swains, (figs. 32, 33), from the Cape of
Good Hope, are synonyms.

A. MONTROUZIERI, Souverbie. J?l. 38, fig. 34.

Pinkish white, or light fawn^color, the spire and an upper
band of the body-whorl invested with a thick flesh-colored or
slightly brownish callus ; sometimes the spire and fasciole are
pure white ; operculum oblong, ratlier large and thin.

Length, 1-1-5 inches,

New Caledonia.

ANCILLARIA. 95

A. ANGUSTATA, Sowb. PL 38, fig. 35.

Narrowly cylindrical, transparent fawn-color, callosity and
fasciole shining orange-brown, edged with white. Length, 12 mill.

China.

Possibly the young of A. rubigmosa, Sw., or of a similar
species.

A. BULLIOIDES, Reeve. PL 38, fig. 36.

Delicate fawn-color, callosity broad, opaque, white.

Length, 28 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Perhaps a young shell of A. rubiginosa. The type specimen
only is known, and its' peculiarly long spire might be an indi-
vidual variation of growth.

A. CINGULATA, Sowb. PL 38, figs. 37, 38.

Shell thin, whitish, yellowish or pale cinnamon-color, with a
white sutural band, and a revolving brown band above and on

the fasciole. Length, 2-2*5 inches.

-Z\T. Australia, China ?

Distinguished from A. rubiginosa by its thin substance and
inferior dark band. 0. similis, Sowb. (fig. 38), is probably a
faded variety.

A. TANKERVILLET, Swainson. PL 38, fig. 39 ; PL 39, fig. 40.

Fusiformly oblong, mpderately ventricose, yellowish white to
orange-yellow, darker about the sutures and on the fasciole.

Length, 2-25-3'T5 inches.

West Indies.

The only species inhabiting the Western Hemisphere. I am
not able to separate 0. Vernedei, Sowb. (fig. 40), described from
a single specimen, and doubtfully referred to China Seas as its
habitat. Specimens of A. Tankermllei before me agree exactly
with the figure of Vernedei, except that the latter is larger.

A. SINENSIS, Sowb. PL 39, figs. 41-43.

Transparent white, the callosity opaque white. Length, !8 inch.

Japan, China, Australia.

A juvenile shell, and very probably equivalent to A. rubiginosa,
Swn. A. Nova-Zelandica, Sowb. (tig. 42), is a synonym, and I
suppose that A.'inornata, E. A. Smith (fig. 43), may also be
placed here.

96 ANOLACIA, DIPSACCUS.

A. MARGINATA, Lam. PL 39, figs. 44-48.

Yellowish or gray, a white band below the sutures, maculated
with orange-brown, a row of maculations above, and another on

the fasciole. Length, 1*5-1 "75 inches.

Australia, Tasmania.

A. monilifera, Reeve (fig. 45), A. lineata, Kiener (fig. 46), A.
oblonga, Sowb. (fig. 47) and A. obesa, Sowb. (fig. 48), are all
young shells of A. marginata,a,s the specimens before me exhibit
all these variations in form. The last-named is said to occur
also at the Cape of Good Hope.

A. ELONGATA, Gray. PI. 39, fig. 49.

Thin, white, sutural band ivory-white, 'columella not plaited.

Length, 2*25 inches.

Torres Straits, N. Australia.

A. DIMIDIATA/Sowb. PI. 39, fig. 50.

Rather thin, transparent white, sutural band, which is very

broad, opaque white. Length, -9 inch.

Red Sea.

I am not acquainted with this species ; it looks as though it
might-be the young of A. elongata, Gray.

Subgenus Anolacia, Gray.

A. MAURITIANA, Sowb. PL 39, figs. 51-53.

Shell ovate, thin, spire depressed, bod3T-whorl shouldered,
aperture wide, columella scarcely plaited, outer surface closely
but lightly covered with revolving striae ; yellowish white to
orange-brown. Length, 1-75-2-25 inches.

Madagascar, Mauritius, Australia.

This is the A. torosa, Meuschen, according to Sowerby, a name
under which it is quite as well known as the one I have adopted.
A. scaphella, Sowb. (fig. 52), and A. aperta, Sowb. (fig. 53), are
miniature shells of this species.

Subgenus Dipsacous, Klein.

A. GLABRATA, Linn. PL 39, fig. 54.

Yellowish white to orange, white-bordered at the sutures and
on the supra-fasciolar groove, columella and callus white.

Length, 2-3 inches.

West Indies.

HARP A. 97

A. LIENARDI, Bernard!. PI. 39, figs. 55, 56.

Light yellow to deep orange, basal groove white ; colmnella,
callus and interior white. Length, l'25-2 inches.

Pernambuco, Brazil.

Proportionally much wider, with shorter spire than A. glabrata,
yet I suspect that it is a mere variety of that species.

A. BALTEATA, Swainson. PI. 39, fig. 51.

Yellowish white to orange-yellow, whorls angularly belted
around the upper part, basal groove broad, whitish.

Length, 1-5-2 inches.

Ceylon.

The locality appears to be undoubted, and all the specimens
I have seen are alike, yet it seems to be abnormal in its posterior
angulation, and to resemble otherwise a stunted A. glabrata.

Subfamily HARPINJE.

Genus HARPA, Lam.

The animals of Harpa have a very large foot, with the front
crescent-shaped, and divided by deep lateral fissures from the
posterior part. Unable to withdraw completely within their
shell, they are said, when irritated, to have the power of spon-
taneously detaching a portion of this foot. They are variegated
with beautiful colors, and crawl with vivacity. Tropical, inhabit-
ing Mauritius, Philippines, Ceylon, Polynesia, West Coast of
America, but unknown on the tropical Atlantic coasts of
America.

There are a few fossil species. Eocene, .

Harpa has been monographed by Reeve, Kiener, Sowerby and
recently by Dr. Aug. Sutor. The latter enumerates sixteen
species, which I have reduced to nine. Like Strombus, Harpa
appears to be a completed genus, no new forms rewarding the
industry of modern investigators and explorers.

H. COSTATA, Linn. PI. 40, fig. 58.

Shell with thirty or more close-set ribs, pointed at the top ;
white, zoned with flesh-color or light chestnut ; apex rose-tinted ;
interior of aperture yellowish, middle and upper part of inner

lip stained with brown. Length, 2'5-3'5 inches.

Mauritius.
13

98 HARP A.

The shell called var. Gruneri, Maltz., is not essentially
different.

H. VENTRICOSA, Lam. PI. 40, figs. 59, 60.

Shell with about twelve to fifteen rather broadly-flattened ribs
which are crossed by a number of rather broad light-chestnut
revolving bands, separated by narrow white bands; interstices
of the ribs wide, marked with chestnut and white arranged in
semicircles, or festooned ; aperture pinkish or yellowish white
within, showing the exterior painting ; columella blotched with
chocolate. Length, 2'5-3'5 inches.

Indian Ocean, Zanzibar, Mauritius, Philippines, Viti Islands.

H. CONOIDALIS, Lam. PI. 40, figs. 61-64. «

Spire more elevated and shoulder of bod}r-whorl more sloping
than in the preceding species ; the intercostal painting is simi-
larly festooned, but usually not so distinctly, the revolving-
bands on the ribs are defined either on the shoulder only, or
occasionally elsewhere, or throughout by dark chocolate borders.

Length, 2'5-3'5 inches.

Indian Ocean, Philippines, Mauritius.

Dr. Sutor, as well as Sowerby and Reeve have attempted to
distinguish other species here, by characters that are poor
enough even in their figures, but which possess no claims what-
ever when a large suite of specimens are examined ; it is even
difficult in some cases to separate this shell from H. ventricosa.
In H. articularis, Lam. (fig. 62), the dark bands are well defined
throughout, in H. ligata, Menke = nablium, Mart. (fig. 61), they
are less frequent, and in the typical H. conoidalis, Lam. (fig. 63),
they are usually only occasionally visible on or towards the
shoulder. The latter variety approaches near to H. ventricusa.
H. striatula, A. Ad. (fig. 64), is a juvenile shell.

H. CRENATA, Swains. PL 40, fig. 65.

Ribs distant, thin, low, not reflected, interstices festooned with
light yellowish brown and white. Length, 2-3 inches.

Acapulco, Panama.

Besides the narrow ribs, the coloring is much less vivid than
in the preceding oriental species.

HARP A. 99

H. ROSEA, Lam. PI. 40, figs. 66, 67.

Ribs flat, irregular, sometimes very broad, sometimes narrow;
ribs banded, interstices festooned, with three interrupted bands
of rose-red blotches. Length, l'75-2*75 inches.

Guinea, Senegal.
H. NOBILIS, Lam. PL 41, fig. 68.

Ovate, rather ventricose, grayish pink, painted between the
ribs with chestnut and white articulations or festoons, and three
interrupted bands of purple-crimson blotches ; ribs rather wide,
crossed by bands of black narrow lines. Length, l'75-2'5 inches.

Indian Ocean, Philippines, Viti Islands.

Distinguished at once from H. rosea by the revolving black
lines on the ribs.

H. MINOR, Lam. PL 41, figs. 69-72, 78.

Shell ovately oblong, obtusely angulated above; gray festooned
with chocolate and white ; ribs moderately narrow, rather distant,
crossed by black lines, usually arranged in pairs.

Length, 1*5-2 inches.

Indian Ocean, So. Africa, Madagascar, Viti Isles.

H. crassa, Phil. (fig. 70), and H. solidula, A. Ad. (fig. 71), are
synonyms ; and I think that H. virginalis, Gray (fig. 78), will
prove to be a faded or albino specimen of this species.

H. GRACILIS, Brod. and Sowb. PL 41, fig. 73.

Shell elongately oblong, slender, thin, translucent ; whitish
delicately festooned with rose-color or rosy brown ; ribs rather
narrow, without spines at the shoulder, crossed by thread-like
rose or chestnut lines, usually in pairs. Length, 1*5 inches.

Polynesia.

Distinguished at once by its form, thinness and rosy tinge.

H. STRIATA, Lam. PL 41, figs. 74-77.

Shell inflated, the ribs narrow, low, not reflected, remote or
crowded, the interstices lightly festooned with chestnut on a light
yellowish ground ; whole surface covered with revolving close

striae. Length, 1*25 inches.

Mauritius.

H. cancellata (Chemn.), Sowb. (fig. 75), and H. Cabritii,

100 COLUMBELLID^E.

Fischer (figs. 76, tt), are synonyms. Dr. Sutor attempts to

distinguish these species, but his distinctive characters of

coloring and sculpture are individual only, and not varietal or
specific.

Family COLUMBELLID^E.

Shell small, usually covered by an epidermis, ovate or oblong,
sometimes Strombiform, anteriorly notched or produced into a
short canal, which is open ; inner lip anteriorly tubercled, outer
lip incurved in the middle, and usually thickened and crenulated
on its inner margin. Animal : head elongated ; eyes near the
outer bases of the tentacles ; foot anteriorly produced. Oper-
culum corneous; lamellar, with the nucleus basal or near the
centre of the outer margin. The lingual dentition of the group
is peculiar and readily distinguishable from that of all other
Gastropods ; its features persist with but little variation of detail
through all the subdivisions of the family of which examples
have been examined, except Engina. In the section Amycla,
Messrs. H. and A. Adams have included species such as A.
corniculum, Olivi, which are true Nassae, and the dentition of
this species has been hastily assumed to be that of the whole
group of Amycla. Other species, placed by H. and A. Adams
in the group Engina, undoubtedly belong to the group Sistruni
in Ricinula (see Manual, ii). The lingual of a single but typical
species of Engina has been figured by Morch (Manual, vol. iii,
t. 2t, f. 36); it differs greatly from the Columbelliform type of
dentition, and the genus has accordingly been classified by
Troschel in Photinae. The shell of Engina is distinctly Colum-
belloid, however, and the difference of dentition need not deter
us from placing it in Columbellidse since in Marginella glabella
(this vol.. p. 6), distinct types of dentition occur in the same
species.

A number of classifications of the species of Columbellidas
have been proposed. H. and A. Adams have adopted several
groups first characterized by Swainson, and have instituted some
others ; they are mostly of little systematic value, being founded
on slight differences in the form, etc., of the shell — differences
which do not persist throughout all the species assigned to them

COLUMBELLID^:. 101

respectively. On the contrary, it is only necessary to examine
a large scries of these species to become convinced that in most
cases these groups are connected by intermediate forms. Whilst
I cannot adopt them as subgenera on account of this want of
persistence of distinctive characters, yet such is the multiplicity
of species that retained as names of groups they may still serve
a useful purpose. Bellardi* has divided the fossil Golumbellas
of Piedmont into groups designated as Xassiform, Mitriform,
Fusiform, etc., but I think the named groups of Messrs. Adams
preferable. Mfircht proposes the following classification : —

1. PYGM./EA, Humphrey.

Subgenera, 1. NITIDELLA, Swn. 2. ALIA, Ad.

2. PYRENE, Holten.

Subgenera, 1. ATJLIA, Ad. 2. PYRENE, Bolt. 3. CONELLA, Swn.
4. DIBAPHDS, Phil. ( Mitridae).

3. MITRBLLA, Risso.

Subgenera, 1. ASTYRIS, Ad. 2. ANACHIS, Ad. 3. STROMBINA, Morch.

He excludes Eugiua, on account of the dentition. The types
of I'ygma'.M, cited by him are typical species of Columbella, and
therefore Pygimea may be considered a synonym

1 am only able to recognize a few genera, of which the principal
are Columbella, Engiua and Columbellina — the latter with some
doubt as to its characters being of generic value ; all the other
groups that have been proposed I place as Sections.

The family has been monographed by Duelos, in Chenu's
Illustrations Conchyliologiques ; by Kiener, Coquilles Vivantes ;
by Soworby, Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 1, 1847; and by Reeve,
Conchologia Iconica, 1859. Since the latter date no revision or
catalogue of the species has appeared, whilst the number of
specific names has increased three times, or from 250 to about
750 nominal species. A large proportion of these five hundred
additional descriptions are unaccompanied by figures, so that
the labor of arranging the mass of material has been immense.
I cannot hope to have determined the synonymy correctly in all
cases : I have clone the best I could with the material at hand.

* Mem. Acad. Turin., x, 225, 1849.

f Jour, de Conchyl., 2d ser., iii, 260, 1858.

102 COLUMBELLID^E.

Synopsis of Genent.

COLUMBELLA, Lam. Shell Strombiform, fusiform or obovate ; smooth
or longitudinally or transversely ribbed or striate ; inner lip excavated
in the middle, crenulated or denticulated in front ; outer lip usually
inflected, thickened within and crenulated in the middle.

COLUMBELLA (restricted). Shell Strombiform, with short spire. Den-
tition, PI. 2, fig. 18.

NITIDELLA, Swainson. Shell ovat> smooth, with elevated spire ;
aperture somewhat effuse below ; columella with two small anterior
plications ; outer lip somewhat thickened.

ALIA, H. and A. Adams. Shell thin, smooth, with moderate spire ;
aperture oval ; inner lip finely crenulated, outer lip thick, not callous
in the middle, striate within.

MITRELLA, Risso. Shell Mitriform, smooth, with moderate spire ;
columella smooth or with a few anterior rugosities ; outer lip smooth
or crenulated within.

ATILIA, H. and A. Adams. Shell fusiform, smooth or longitudinally
plicate ; spire elevated, sharp ; last whorl suddenly narrowed into a
beak or short canal in front.

ANACHIS, H. and A. Adams. Shell oval-fusiform, longitudinally
ribbed, spire elevated ; last whorl not narrowed in front ; aperture
narrow ; collumella straight ; outer lip nearly straight, crenulated
within. Dentition, PI. 2, fig. 20.

SEMINELLA, Pease. Shell very small, fusiform, longitudinally costate,
usually decussated ; lip slightly emarginate above, lirate or denticulate
within.

MITROPSIS, Pease. Shell fusiform, more or less costate or plicate
longitudinally ; aperture narrow ; lip dentate within, sinuated above ;
columella callous, plicate.

Perhaps not distinct from Seminella.

CONIPEA, Swainson. Shell oval, Mitriform, smooth, with moderately
elevated, convex spire ; inner lip reflected in front ; outer lip incurved
and thickened in the middle, and crenulated within.

META, Reeve. Shell coniform, with short, conic spire ; aperture
narrow ; outer lip nearly straight, crenulated within.

STROMBINA, Morch. Shell fusiform, turriculated ; spire elevated,
sharp ; whorls gibbous, nodulous ; inner lip with a rather thick callus ;
outer lip thick, sinuous behind ; anterior canal well formed. Dentition,
PI. 2, fig. 19.

^Esopus, Gould. Shell fusiform, gibbous, broadly truncate in front ;
aperture lunate, with a posterior callus on the body ; columella smooth,
vitreous ; suture abnormally arcuate near the aperture.

COLUMBELLA. 103

ALCIRA, H. Adams. Shell fusiform, thin, spire produced ; whorls trans-
versely striated ; aperture ovate ; colurnella truncate, with a single
oblique fold anteriorly; outer lip thin, smooth internally, posteriorly
expanded, and with the anterior margin crenulated. Differs from the
other groups in its expanded lip, which is not thickened, and from most
others in the columellar fold.

ENGINA, Gray. Shell ovate-conic ; spire sharp ; with longitudinal
nodulous ribs, decussated by revolving lines or riblets ; aperture narrow,
with several oblique plications in front ; outer lip thickened, internally
toothed, gibbous and grooved posteriorly. Dentition, Manual, iii,
t. 27, f 36.

PUSIOSTOMA, Swainson. Shell ovate ; inner lip convex between the
granular teeth ; outer lip internally greatly thickened and toothed in
the middle.

COLUMBELLINA, d'Orb. Shell Strombiform, oval, thick, ventricose,
ribbed; aperture narrow, flexuous, narrowed in the middle, ending
posteriorly in a prolonged lateral canal ; outer lip much thickened and
smooth within. (Mostly fossil.) G. ornata, d'Orb. (PI. 42, f. 3). Cre-
taceous, France.

COLUMBELLAIUA, Rolle. Shell long-oval, Buccioiform, body-whorl
rather infhved, spire moderate ; surface nodulous, caused by decussating
sculpture ; aperture wide below ; outer lip rounded, not inflected in the
middle, with strong revolving ribs within ; columellar callus thin,
showing the sculpture of the body-whorl. C. corallina, Quenst. (PI.
42, fig. 4). U. Jura, Europe.

AMPHISSA, H. and A. Adams. Shell Bucciniform, longitudinally ribbed;
spire elevated ; aperture rather wide, enlarging below, and terminating
in a wide anterior sinus ; inner lip callous, plicate below : outer lip not
thickened on the margin, plicate within. Dentition, PL 42, fig. 2.

Genus COLUMBELLA, Lamarck.

These beautiful little mollusks, very numerous in species and
in individuals, are widely distributed, occurring in all parts of
the world, both in cold and torrid climates ; although most
numerous in tropical waters. They are found crawling on the
surface of sand-flats in shallow water, or living on stony
beaches, where they sometimes congregate about and under
stones in considerable numbers.

Yery few descriptions of the living animal have been made,
and even figures of it are not numerous.

The few fossil forms of Columbella are comparatively recent,

104 COLUMBELLA.

the Cretaceous and Jurassic columbelloid shells belonging to
distinct genera.

Section 1. Columbella (typical).

Shell strombiform, smooth, with short spire.
C. STROMBIFORMIS, Lam. PI. 42, figs. 5-10.

Shell strombiform, the body^whorl much swollen around the
upper part and somewhat produced at the posterior end of the
aperture ; chestnut-color, with the spire and middle and lower
portion of the body-whorl minutely white-spotted ; sometimes
the spots coalesce into zigzag white markings ; there are also
usually a few irregular large white spots on the shoulder or
middle of the body-whorl ; interior usually white, sometimes
orange-tinted ; epidermis thick, shaggy, longitudinally striated,
frequently decussated posteriorly or throughout by revolving
striae ; operculum very variablg.in form, the initial point usually
terminal and basal but occasionally even subcentral, or marginal
at the centre of its length. Length, '83-1 '4 inches.

West Coast of Central America to Mazatlan; Gulf of California.

With this species is to be united C. major, Sowerby (figs. 0-8),
which Carpenter and others have suspected to be a variety, having
dots instead of the zigzag white markings and the spiral sculpture
of the epidermis on the shoulder only, instead of all over; neither
these, nor /the other inferior distinctive characters given, hold
good when a large series of specimens is examined. Fig. 8
represents a smaller, but adult shell; it is a minor race, which,
as in so many of the species of mollusks usually accompanies
the normal-sized individuals. Other synonyms are C. gibbosa,
Duclos (fig. 9), C. Bridgesi, Reeve (fig. 10), not full grown.

C. PAYTENSIS, Lesson. PI. 42, figs. 11-14.

Whorls broadly channeled below the sutures: chestnut-brown,
minutely clotted with white throughout. Length, 1-1 -15 inches.

Payta, Peru; Chili.

This may possibly be a variety only, of the preceding species ;
the sutural channel is strongly marked, however, in the numerous
specimens before me. G. spurca, Sowb., C. rustica, Sowb.
Genera of Shells (fig. 14), and G. Paytalida, Duclos (fig. 13), are
synonyms.

COLUMBELLA. 105

C. CASTANEA, Sowb. PI. 42, fig. 15.

Shell with a shallow channel around the suture, defined by an
angled or almost ribbed shoulder; lower half of body-whorl
contracted ; chestnut-brown, spotted with white, aperture tinged
with orange within. Length, '85 inch.

Galapagos Is.; W. Coast of Central America.

1 have considerable doubt whether this is not a variety only
of the preceding species ; it is considerably smaller, more
contracted, with more defined shoulder, and colored interior.

C. FASCJATA, Sowb. PL 42, figs. 16-18.

Shell large nnd thick, oval, slightly shouldered; brown, spotted
with white, tlic spots sometimes merging into irregular zigzag
longitudinal markings, occasionally obscurely white-banded at
the suture and periphery; teeth of columella and outer lip
sometimes tinted with red. LengVjii, 1'25 inches.

Java.

This species is not so gibbous as those which precede it, and
has heavier teeth ; the spire is also more convexly elevated. G.
Javacensis, Gaskoin (fig. 18), is probably a faded specimen of
fasciata.
C. FUSCATA, Sowb. PL 42, tigs: 19-21.

Shell smooth, oval ; chestnut-dotted and spotted irregularly
with white, and with white, triangular sutural markings, con-
tinued on the spire; epidermis light olive, very thin, smooth,
translucent ; aperture light purple. Length, *T5-*9 inch.

Galapagos Is.; West Coast of Central America to

Cape St. Lucas, L. California; Mazatlan.

The synonyms are G. meleagris, Duclos (fig. 20), C. nodalina,
Duclos (fig. 21), a specimen with epidermis, and G. pallescenx,
Wimmer.

C. SONSONATENSIS, Morch.

Like C. fuscata, Sowb., but narrower, with shorter spire, suture
obsoletely margined, earlier whorls costellate, lip thickened and
flattened, with seven teeth, columella five-sulcate. '

Length, 8'25 mill.

W. Coast of Central 'America.

A doubtful species, described from a single specimen, and not
figured.
14

106 COLUMBELL A.

C. LABIOSA. Sowb. PI. 43, figs. 22, 23.

Epidermis very thin, smooth, translucent, olivaceous ; under
which the shell is ash-color, with numerous narrow chestnut
revolving lines; lip and columella white, the lip with plate-like
expansion internally. Length, '8-1 inch.

-> St. Elena, W- Columbia (Cuming).

C. venilia, Duclos (fig. 23), is a synonym.

C. H^MASTOMA, Sowb. PI. 43, fig. 24.

Shaded chestnut and chocolate-color, with white blotches
which are usually arranged as broad zigzag markings on the
shoulder, and similar ones at the base of the body-whorl, the
latter often coalescing to cover the entire basal portion of the
shell ; aperture orange-color. Length, 1 inch.

Galapagos Is.; Panama to Gulf of California.

C. FESTIVA, Kiener. PL 43, fig. 25.

Shell smooth; white .around the sutures, then spotted and
streaked longitudinally with white and chocolate ; aperture white.

Length, 9 mill.

Acapulco to Cape St. Lucas, L. California.

C. PHASINOLA, Duclos. PL 43, fig. 2(>.

Shell with revolving rounded ribs, often decussated by longi-
tudinal sculpture, so as to become tuberculated; chestnut-brown,
the tubercles whitish; lips orange. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknoim.
C. MERCATORIA, Linn. PL 43, figs. 28-33.

Shell with small rounded revolving ribs, separated by narrow
grooves ; sometimes unicolored, pink or ;\ ellowish, usually longi-
tudinally maculated with orange or chocolate and white, and
with or without chocolate articulations forming one or two bands ;
aperture white or slightly yellowish. Length, -6-*8 inch.

West Indies, Florida.

A common species, very variable in painting, but pretty con-
stant in form and sculpture; it occurs on sandy bottoms in from
two to four feet water. The synonyms are numerous, including
a large, coarsely ribbed form, called by Sowerby G. nuUn (fig.
31). Reeve has figured this form under the name of G. Peleei,
Kiener, and has given for locality the Philippine Islands —
undoubtedly an error. . The true C, Peleei, Kiener (fig. 32), is, on

COLUIVrBELLA. 10*1

the contrary, a rather small form, thin, but with rugose growth-
lines decussating the surface — a not unusual variety. Other
synonyms are C. zulmi.*, Duclos (fig. 33), G. affinis, Risso, C.
incMbitantes, Martini, (L Gualteriana, Risso?

0. DYSONI, Reeve. PI. 44, fig. 57.

Shell I'usirormly conical, yellowish white, painted with waved
stripes of red-brown spots, spire short, sharp, whorls strongly
spirally grooved throughout ; aperture elongated, lip flatly
thickened, denticulated within. Length, 16 mill.

Honduras (Dyson).

J think this will prove to be a C. mercatoria , of somewhat
unusual form :md not adult.

C. RUSTTCA, Linn. PL 43, figs. 34-49; PI. 44, figs. 50-56.

Shell variable in shape, sometimes short, with broad body-
whorl, sometimes narrower, with spire and lower part of body-
whorl produced; smooth, or slightly spirally striated; white to
orange-color, stained with chestnut or chocolate, forming spots,
longitudinal zigzags and blotches, frequently light banded and
fasciculated with chestnut next below the suture; lip white,
yellowish or flesh-color, the interstices of the dentic illations
chocolate-color. Length, '5-1*1 inches.

West Indies, West Africa, Cape Verd Is., Southern Europe,

Mediterranean Sea.

One of the most variable of shells. The shorter, broad forms
are often very close in shape and coloring to C. mercatoria, but
are always distinguishable by the smooth surface and the dark
interstices of the lip-teeth.

The synonymy is enormous, including : C. spongiarum,T>uc]os
(fig. 39) ; C. Azorica, Drouet (fig. 40) ; C. aureola, Duclos (fig.
41) and C. tumida, Reeve, not Duclos (fig. 42); C. striata,
Duclos (figs. 43, 44) ; C. cornea, Kiener (fig. 45) ; G. luteola, Kiener
(fig. 46); C.fustigata, Kiener (fig. 47); C. modesta, Kiener (fig.
48); C. ambigua, Kiener (fig. 49); C. vestalia, Duclos (fig. 50);
C. simpronia, Duclos (fig. 51); C. nucleus, Kiener (fig. 52);
C. rasolia, Duclos? (fig. 53); besides a number of unfigured
species, including probably G. Adansoni and C. rufa, Menke,
from the Cape Yerd Islands. C. reticulata, Lam. (fig. 54), said
to come from Brazil, has some characters in common with G.

108 COLUMBELLA.

mercatoria, but is probably a synonym of rustica. I suppose
that C. xiphitella, Duclos (fig. 55) r and C. xiphitella, Reeve (fig.
56), may both be placed here, although the}^ are very different
shells in form.

C. ANACTEOLA, Duclos. PI. 44, fig. 58.

Shell smooth, the lower) part with revolving striae ; color
chocolate-brown varied with white, somewhat longitudinally

disposed. Length, I'l inches.

Habit a t un known .

This species has not been described ; there are only the figures
and name in Duclos' monograph. It resembles the stouter, short
forms of C. rustica, somewhat, but is a larger shell.

C. MARMOREA, Brasilia.

Shell small, ovately subturbinate, smooth, shining, with
flattened whorls ; aperture dilated at the base, sublinear, longer
than the spire; lip but little thickened within, nodulose; colu-
mella with two tubercles; color marbled with fulvous and white,
with a white, maculated -band at the suture.

L. 10, diam. 5 mill.

Ddlinatut.

An unfigured species, related to C. rustica, and possibly a
young individual of that protean species.

C. PARDALTNA, Lam. PI. 44, figs. 59-74; PI. 45, fig. 75.

Shell oval, smooth, with moderate, somewhat convex spire;
white, tessellated or longitudinally flexuosely striped with chest-
nut or chocolate, with frequently a white band, similarly tessel-
lated at the suture. Length, '75-1 inch.

• New tfoutJi Wales; N. W. Australia; New Caledonia;

Philippines; Japan; Ceylon.

The synonyms are: C.vulpecula, Sowb. (fig. 61); C. quintilia,
Duclos (figs. 62, 63); C. fabula, Sowb. (fig. 64); C. Ja/ton'ica,
Reeve (fig. 65); G. zopilla, Duclos (fig. 66).

Var. TYLERI, Gray. PI. 44, figs. 67-74; PI. 45, fig. 75.

Only differs by having a more produced spire, and is readily
united with the typical form by sucli synonyms as G. sagena.,
Reeve (fig. 69 », Japan. Other longer forms are G. obscura, Sowb.
(fig. 70) ; G. palmerina, Duclos (fig. 71) ; C. lactescens, Souv. (fig.

COLUMBELLA. 109

72), New Caledonia; C. fabula, var., Reeve (fig. 73); G. pado-
nosta, Duclos (fig. 74); C. anitis, Duclos (fig. 75).

C. FULGURANS, Lam. PI. 45, figs. 76, 77.

Shell thick, short ovate, with indistinct revolving striae, and a
very thin, transparent yellowish epidermis ; usually very dark
chocolate, nearly black, sometimes chestnut, and marked by a
few longitudinal zigzag white streaks ; aperture tinged with
purple. Length, '75-*9 inch.

Philippines, Solomon's Is., N. E. Australia, New Guinea, etc.

Var. PUNCTATA, Lam. (Fig. 77.)

The white streaks are more or less completely broken up into

spots.

C. PELOTINA, Duclos. PL 45, figs. 78, 79.

Shell short ovate, thick, smooth, with feint spiral striae on the
lower portion of the body-whorl ; irregularly clouded with orange

and yellowish white. Length, '65 inch.

Habitat unknown*

Figured and named but not described by Duclos. It appears
to be a faded and discolored shell; not unlikely a C. pardalina.
C..virginea, Duclos (fig. 79), is very probably a still more faded
individual of the same species.

C. TURTURINA, Lam. PL 45, figs. 80-82.

Shell short and thick, subglobose, the shoulder of the body-
whorl swollen, with revolving stria? inferiorly ; white, variegated
with clouds or zigzags of yellowish brown ; columella and teeth
of outer lip often stained with violet. Length, '5-*65 inch.

Philippines, Viti Islands, Sandwich Islands, etc.

The yellowish markings are often absent. C. Sandwichensis,
I Vase, and C. palumbina, Gould, are synonyms. I think that G.
tfifii, Crosse (fig. 82), may also be referred here.

C. SULCATA, Duclos. PL 45, fig. 83.

This is evidently an abnormal growth, and its character, a
sulcation on the shoulder, will be sought in vain among shells in
normal condition. It is impossible to identify it with certainty.
The color is a shading of flesh-color and light yellow.

Length, -7 inch.

Habitat unknown.

110 COLUMBELLA.

C. VERSICOLOR, Sowerby. PI. 45, figs. 84-96.

Shell ovate, with moderate spire, the whorls swollen at the
shoulder, beneath which the body-whorl is more or less con-
stricted, shoulder sometimes sparsely, obsoletely tuberciilated ;
yellowish white, with zigzag chestnut or chocolate close longitu-
dinal markings, often shaded with white; on the middle of the
body-whorl these markings are often broken up into numerous
small punctations ; aperture white within ; colmnella tuberculate,
with two prominent teeth in the middle. Length, *5-'75 inch.
Indian Ocean; Japan; Philippines; Australia; Polynesia.

The oldest name for this species is C. scripta, Lam., but
Linnaeus had previously used this name for a well-recognized
Mediterranean species. G. bidentata, Meuke (fig. 8f ), is also a
synonym, and very probably C. rarieyata, Menke. The latter
name would have priority if it could be satisfactorily identified.
The synonymy will include (!. araneosa, Kiener (fig. 88), C.
coronata, Dudos (fig. 89), C. athadona, Duclos (figs. 90, 91), C.
tigrina, Duclos (figs. 92, 93), G. aspersa, Sowb. (fig. 94), G. nivosa
(fig. 95) and C. pertusa (fig. 96), Reeve, the two last erroneously
ascribed to Guatemala in the original descriptions.

C. VARTANS, Sowb. PL 45, figs. 97-2 ; PI. 4(5, figs. 3-6.

Shell ovate, with short spire ; smooth, or with fine revolving
striae; shoulder tuberculated ; with longitudinal ribs more or less
prominent, sometimes extending the entire length of the shell,
usually becoming obsolete towards the middle, and occasionally
not developed at all. Color, white and chestnut or chocolate in
alternate revolving bands, the latter usually broken up into short
irregular longitudinal markings; sometimes the bands a re not,
present, and the entire shell is covered with alternate chestnut
and white zigzag longitudinal stripes ; base of the columella
stained dark chocolate ; aperture white within.

Length, -35--4 inch.

Viti, Galapagos and Sandwich Islands. Acapnlco?

Philippines, New (luim'/i.

This species is smaller, more tuberculate, and in the banded
specimens differently colored from the preceding one ; the colored
base of the columella is also a good distinguishing character
The figure from Reeve's Iconica (fig. 99), snows a ribbed state

COLUMBELLA. Ill

of the species, a form which Sowerby has described as C. pcecila
(figs. 100, 1), from the Philippines. C. spectrum, Reeve (fig. 2),
C. nonn Mich. (tig-. 3), C. pallida, Desh., C. daliola, Duclos
(tig. 5). and r. Itjsixh-u, Duclos (fig. (>), are synonyms.

C. SOUVERBIEI, Crosse. PL 46, fig. 8.

. Shell ovate. with short spire ; slightl}' nodulous on the shoulder,
Miid covered by revolving stria1; white, maculated with large
irregular chocolate spots, forming two broad bands on the body-
whorl, and chestnut punctations at the suture; violaceous within

the Mperture. Length, 8'5 mill.

New Caledonia.

Closely allied to C. variant* but differing in being less tuber"
culated, in coloring, in the absence of the dark .basal spot, etc.

C. im-LiA. Duclos. PL 46, fig. 7.

Shell thick, ovate, round-shouldered, with obsolete revolving
ribs ; white, with zigzMg chestnut markings. Length, *7 inch.

Habitat unknown.

Figured and named, but not described ; I am unable to
identify it.

C. PALLIDA, Philippi.

Shell oblong-fusiform, with revolving striae ; white, with a single
chestnut band, composed of maculations ; Mperture violaceous

within. Length, '5 inch.

Mazatlan.

This species, described twenty-five yi»:i rs ago, but never figured,
remains unrecognized. Carpenter, who so thoroughly studied
the molluscM of Mazatlan, and of the West Coast of North
America, could make nothing of it. Philippi compares it with
C. azora, Duclos, which, he sa}rs, it resembles in form but differs
in being one- instead of three-banded.

C. SCALPTA, Reeve. PL 46, fig. 9.

Shell ovnte, transparent golden yellow, marked transversely
with sharply angular pale lines; spire short; whorls longitudi-
nally plicately ribbed; aperture small, oblong, sinuous; lip
thickened, notched at the upper part, denticulated within.

Length, '25 inch.

Habitat unknown.

112 COLUMBELLA.

C. HUMEROSA, Carpenter.

Shell small, turreted, with elevated spire, distant rounded longi-
tudinal ribs and sharp revolving striae ; white with fuscous lines

or maculations. Length, '26 inch.

•n Acapulco.

Said to possess the sculpture of Rhizocheilus and the tall spire
of Anachis, yet to belong, apparently, to the restricted typical
genus. Unfignred, and unknown to me.

C. BOIVJNI, Kiener. PI. 46, tigs. 10, 11.

Shoulder of whorls nodulous, with sometimes a second row of
smaller nodules on the body-whorl, lower part with revolving
striae; dark chocolate, nearly black, covered by minute white
spots ; aperture white, the lips stained with chocolate.

Length, '75-1 inch.

West Coast of Central America.

C. Sowerbydj Duclos (iig. 11), appears to be a not fully grown
specimen of this species.

C. PECUSSATA, Sowb. PL 46, fig. 12.

Shell oblong, thick, white, marbled with brown ; spire turreted ;
whorls fi ve, rather swollen, decussately sculptured into numerous

tubercles; aperture whitish. 'Length, 17 mill.

Australia.
C. CHLOROSTOMA, Sowb. PI. 46, iig. 13.

Shell yellowish white, with chestnut bands spotted with black
on the ribs; interior orange-brown. Length, 16 mill.

Il<il>iiat unknown.
Published by Sowerby many years ago, and not since identified.

C. MITRATA, Menke. PL 46, tig. 14.

Longitudinally ribbed, interstices towards the base latticed ;
yellowish, with two broad chocolate bands. Length, 10-15 mill. ?

Australia,

I am not acquainted with this species.

C. DUCLOSIANA, Sowb. PL 46, fig. 15.

Shell longitudinally ribbed, obsoletely striate ; dark brown,
with obsolete bands under a dusky epidermis ; aperture viola-
ceous or brown. Length, 1&-18 mill.

Malacca, Java, Philippines.

NITIDEL1A. 113

Section II. Nitidella, Swain?.

Shell oval, smooth, with elevated spire ; aperture somewhat
effuse below ; columella with two small anterior plications ; outer
lip somewhat thickened.

C. L^VIGATA, Linn. PL 46, figs. 16-21.

Shell thin, ovate, somewhat ventricose, smooth, shining, under
a thin epidermis ; white, with coarse or fine longitudinal, brown
zigzag lines, often broken up into spots and maculations ; the
suture is often maculated with white, and there is frequently a
band of chocolate spots on the periphery, and visible on the

spire-whorls. Length, 'T-'8 inch.

West Indies.

There are two well-marked types of coloration in this common
species, with intermediate stages : in one, the shell is covered
by alternate irregular longitudinal markings of white and
chestnut, the suture is not maculated, there is no band on the
periphery ; in the other, the longitudinal lines are so close and
fine as to nearly cover the shell with a chestnut-color, and are
often broken up into spots and maculations ; upon this back-
ground are white maculations at the suture, and a row of chocolate
spots on the periphery. The synonyms are G. alaperdicis,
Reeve (fig. 18), G. concinna, Sowb. (fig. 19), and possibly G.
faleonta (fig. 20), and G. helvia (fig. 21), Duclos — the two last
being undescribed but figured and named.

C. LIVESCENS, Reeve. PI. 46, fig. 22.

Shell ovately turbinated, rather solid ; spire sharp, finely
ribbed towards the apex ; whorls rather stout, convex, smooth ;
orange-brown, shining, bluish, marbled with white dots ; columella
lipped, aperture rather small, purplish, lip thickened, slightly
contracted in the middle, denticulated within. Length, -5 inch.
Philippines (Cuming) ; Sandwich Is. (von Martens).

I have not seen this species, but Reeve's figure is very sug-
gestive of G. Idevigata.

C. NITIDA, Lam. PI. 46, fig. 23.

Shell narrowly oblong, compressed, smooth, shining ; irregu-

15

1 1 4 NITIDELLA.

larly marbled and spotted with white and yellow, chestnut or
chocolate-color; apex of spire often violet. Length, -6-'8 inch.

West Indies, on coral in 2-3 feet water.
It is the C. nitidula of Sowerby, but scarcely of Linnaeus.

C. BRODERIPII, Sowerby. PI. 46, figs. 24-20.

Shell narrowly oblong, with rather elevated spire, smooth,
shining ; yellowish white, with longitudinal chestnut reticulations ;
aperture white; outer lip broadly notched above.

Length, -4 inch.

Philippines.

C. strigata, Reeve (fig. 26). appears to = this species.
C. FLOCCATA, Reeve. PI. 46, fig. 27.

Shell cylindrical^ ovate, inflated, subtransparent, reticulated
with orange, promiscuously flaked with opaque white ; spire
rather obtuse, whorls convex, smooth ; aperture rather small,

columella excavated, lip simple. Length, 13 mill.

Cape Colony.
I do not know this species.

C. KRAUSSI, Sowb. PL 46, figs. 28, 29.

Shell obsoletely longitudinally plicate, the plica? distant ;
aperture broad, lip simple ; white with longitudinal waved

chestnut lines. Length, 1 mill.

Natal, So. Africa.

In shape and painting resembles C. Broderipii, Sowb., but
differs in sculpture. In C. cereaMs, Menke (fig. 29), the ribs are
better developed, but I do not believe that it is a distinct species.

C. LEUCOSTOMA, Gaskoin. PL 46, fig. 30.

Shell smooth, acuminately ovate ; upper half of body-whorl
and spire reticulated with orange-brown, lower half of body,
aperture and a sutural band, white. Length, 9 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. BACCATA, Gaskoin. PL 46, fig. 31.

Shell ovate, smooth, shining, with elevated spire ; white, tes-
sellated with chestnut, the tessellations usually forming one to
three bands on the body-whorl. Length, 6 mill.

Central America, Gulf of Calif ornia, Cape St. Lucas.

C. DICHROA, Sowb. PL 46, figs. 32, 33.

Shell smooth, narrow, with elongated spire ; color alternate

NITIDELLA. 115

irregular broad longitudinal stripes of white and chestnut or
chocolate, sometimes nearly covered by the darker colors, which
also stain the interior. Length, 6-7 mill.

West Indies.
C. Schrammi, Petit (fig. 33), is a synonym.

C. PUSILLA, Sowb. PI. 46, fig 34.

Shell smooth, with elongated spire ; yellowish white, with
longitudinal flexuose stripes of chestnut, and sometimes bands
of spots of the same color. Length, 4 mill.

West Indies.
C. ELEGANS, Dall.

Shell subulate, acutely pointed, smooth, polished, solid ; yel-
lowish, with white dots on the spire and upper portion of body-
whorl, and longitudinal fluctuating chestnut stripes.

Length, "28 inch.

Panama.

Described from a single specimen and unfigured. The name
is preoccupied by Sowerby for a species of the section Strombina.

C. MILLEPUNCTATA, Carpenter.

Shell small, livid, shining, with elevated spire, somewhat
flattened whorls and distinct suture ; nuclear whorls smooth,
subsequent ones obsoletely radiately lirulate, the last smooth ;
maculate and minutely punctate with orange-color arranged in
quincunx ; a white band at the suture ; aperture subquadrate ;
outer lip thickened, six-dentate within ; inner lip lirulate at the
base. Length, -3 inch.

Cape St. Lucas.

Unfigured, and unknown to me.

C. DENSILINEATA, Carpenter.

Form of the last species, but with flattened whorls and indis-
tinct suture ; livid, with close orange-brown longitudinal divari-
cating lines. Length, '25 inch.

Cape St. Lucas.

Unfigured. Probably a mere variation of the preceding
species.

C. VITIENSIS, Dunker. • Viti Islands.

C. PLICATULA, Dunker. Viti Islands.

The above species are referred to Nitidella ; they are unfigured.
and I have not seen them.

116 ALIA.

Section III. Alia, H. and A. Adams.

Shell thin, smooth, with moderate spire ; aperture oval ; inner
lip finely crenulated, outer lip thick, not callous in the middle,
striate within.

C. CARINATA, Hinds. PI. 47, figs. 35-39.

Shell smooth ; fulvous, encircled by two or three bands of
chestnut and white flocked spots ; base of shell and apex of
spire stained with chocolate ; inner margin of the outer lip
frequently similarly colored. Length, 7*5-10 mill.

Cape St Lucas, L. Gal to Sitka.

, The above is the description of the larger, smooth, northern
variety, called by Gould C. gatisapata (fig. 37) : these are not
carinate, but pass by imperceptible stages into the smaller C.
Calif or niana, Gaskoin, the subcarinate C. Hindsii, Reeve (fig.
38), the stumpy, strongly carinate C. carinata (figs. 35, 36) and
the equally small, but more graceful, and scarcely carinate C.
Gouldi, Carpenter. I have selected from these names that of
the earliest published, but with some misgiving because it
describes a state of the species which must be regarded as
abnormal ; I have been partly influenced to do this because Mr.
W. H. Ball similarly arranged the synonymy of the species ten
years since. C. Gouldi is said to differ in its operculum, but the
operculum is known to vary in other species of Columbella from
fusoid to purpuroid. G. collaris, Reeve (fig. 39), is probably a
large example of the carinate form.

C. UNIFASCIATA, Sowerby. PJ. 47, figs. 40-44.

Shell ovate, smooth, with revolving stride at the base of the
body-whorl ; chocolate, with or without a lighter band on the
periphery ; chocolate or chestnut-color within the aperture.

Length, 12 mill.

Galapagos Islands; Goast of Peru and GMli; Magellan's Straits.

C. unicolor, Sowb. (fig. 41), the unfigured C. unizonalis, Gray,
and C. sordida, d'Orb. (fig. 42), are synonyms. C. castanea,
Gould (fig. 43), is also evidently the same species ; it is said to
have been obtained by the Wilkes Exploring Expedition at Rio
Janeiro, but as the expedition visited the West Coast of South
America also, it is probable that the locality given may be in cor-

MTTRELLA.

rect. I have specimens of the original lot before me ; they do
not differ from unifasciata. The very short description given
by Lamarck of his C. unifascialw leaves little doubt that it was
intended for this species : it is said to have come from the Isle of
France, and has never been identified positively. I include also
C. ebenum, Phil., an un figured species from Magellan's Straits.

C. ELECTROIDES, Reeve. PI. 47, fig. 44.

Shell ovate, smooth, rather thin ; reddish fulvous, articulated
with white next the sutures. Length, 13 mill.

Bay of Guayaquil.
C. INFUMATA, Crosse. PL 47, fig. 45.

Shell ovate-elongate, rather thick, smooth, not shining ;
chestnut-brown, with scarcely visible white maculations next

the suture. Length, 12 mill.

So. Australia.

Section IV. Mitrella, Rifso

Shell in it ri form, smooth, with moderate spire ; columella smooth
or with a few anterior rugosities ; outer lip smooth or crenulated
within. I unite with this group Astyris and Amycla (in part) of
II. and A. Adams. The principal species of the latter are true
Nasxse, and are described in vol. iv, 36, 37.

C. IDALTNA, Duclos. PL 47, figs. 46, 47.

Shell smooth, polished, yellowish or rosy white, apex pink,
with a row of opaque white spots on the periphery, sometimes
shaded, and occasionally reappearing at the sutures of the upper

whorls. Length, 8 mill.

St. Thomas, W. I. (Swift).

Under a glass, the shell is sometimes covered with smooth,
rounded longitudinal ribs ; the outer lip appears to be smooth
within. C. yuUnrosa, Duclos (fig. 47), is a larger shell according
to the figure given, but does not otherwise differ from a faded
state of C. idalina.

C. MOLECULINA, Duclos. PL 47, figs. 48, 49.

Shell white, with an open network of chestnut, and darker
chestnut curved markings near the suture, defining a sutural
band ; sometimes the surface is covered with chocolate, except

the sutural space and the defining markings.

Habitat unknown.

118 MITRELLA.

The dark-surfaced species included in the above description is
C. denticulata, Duclos (fig. 49) ; the form of the shell and pattern
of coloration leave not a doubt of its identity with C. moleculina.
I feel almost assured of the identity of these shells with (J. ida-
lina, although I find none among the numerous specimens of that
shell before me, showing their coloration.

C. REEVEI, Carpenter. PL 47, fig. 50.

Shell with fine revolving linear grooves ; white more or less
clouded or spotted with chestnut-brown, often forming a revolving
row of spots below the suture, or brown with white spots below
the suture ; interior of outer lip very faintly plicate.

Length, 8 mill.

Guacomayo to Cape St. Lucas, Gal.

First described by Carpenter as C. Santa- Bar bar ensis, and
subsequently changed as above, because the species is of more
tropical distribution, and is believed not to approach Santa-
Barbara, Cal.

C. IONIDA, Duclos. PI. 47, fig. 51.

Shell uniform pale rose or orange, the spire and upper portion
of the body with rounded longitudinal ribs, the lower portion of
the body-whorl with revolving lines ; outer lip dentate within.

Length, 13 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Although comparatively large the original figures of this
species appear to indicate juvenilit3T. The form of the shell
scarcely permits its arrangement in this group, recalling that of
the typical Columbellas, but the dentition of the outer lip is
different, and in the sculpture there is some analogy with C.
idalina.

C. IRRORATA, Reeve. PL 47, fig. 52.

Shell acuminately oblong, smooth , spire acicular, whorls convex,
the last groove-striated at the base ; yellowish, finely dotted
with orange throughout, and encircled beneath the sutures with
orange-shaded, snow-white spots; aperture ovate, lip denticulated
within. Length, 15 mill.

Australia (Mus. Cuming), Tasmania (Woods).

C. ACICULA, Reeve. PL 47, figs. 53, 54.

Shell subulate, slender, solid, variegated throughout with minute

MITREL£A. 119

brown flames and opaque white ; spire sharp ; whorls seven, flatly
convex ; aperture small, lip thickened, denticulated within.

Length, 19 mill.

California (Mus. Gaming).

This locality has not been verified by California!! collectors,
and I do not know that the species has been recognized by con-
chologists generally : I am unacquainted with it. C. vexillum^
Reeve (fig. 54), appears to be a state of this species in which
the flames are replaced by irregular longitudinal strigations ; it
is said to come from the Gulf of California, and is equally
unknown to me.

C. LIGULA, Duclos. PL 47, fig. 55.

Shell oblong, acuminated, smooth ; whitish, yellowish, stone-
color, etc. .with three marbled or closely reticulated bands of
chestnut or slate-color, sometimes interspersed with white spots,
sometimes the bands are confluent, covering the whole surface
or nearly all; aperture white, the outer lip plicate within, slightly
notched and shouldered posteriorly. Length, *8-l inch.

Philippin.es, Solomon's and Viti Islands.

One of the most beautiful of the species and varying infinitely
in the shades and disposition of the colors.

C. INLUCA, Reeve. PL 47, fig. 56.

Shell with revolving grooves ; white, with two series of revolving
oblique chocolate spots ; lip thickened, denticulated within.

Length, 11 mill.

India (Cuming) .
C. IMPOLITA, Sowb. PL 47, figs. 57, 58.

Shell elongately turret ed, spire plicately ribbed towards the
apex ; whorls flatly convex, fulvous chestnut, encircled above
with a white band ; aperture small, denticulated within.

Habitat unknown.

This species was described from a single worn specimen in the
Cumingian collection. From this specimen, presumably, the two
very different- illustrations in Sowerby (fig. 57) and Reeve (fig.
58) were drawn. Sowerby figures and describes a shell with
smooth spire-whorls.

C. VITTATA, Reeve. PL 47, fig. 59.

Shell acicular, fulvous, encircled with a single, superior, broad

120 MITRELLA.

chestnut band; whorls flatly convex, smooth ; aperture small, lip
simple. Length, 7-9 mill.

Iba, Province of Zambales, Luzon, Philippines (Cuming).
I have before me two specimens said to come from Australia
which perfectly agree with the above shell except that the outer
lip is toothed within ; if they are of this species, they connect
it with G. impolita.

C. INTEXTA, Gaskoin. PI. 47, figs. 60-G2.

Shell acicular, smooth, with revolving stride at the base ; white,
longitudinally strigated and spotted with dark chestnut or choco-
late ; outer lip smooth, or slightly plicate within.

Length, 18 mill.

Darnley hi., Torres Sts., N. Australia (Brazier).
The synonymy includes C. fv stilus. Reeve (fig. 61) and C.
crepusculum, Reeve (fig. 62).

C. ACHATINA, Sowb. PL 47, figs. 63, 64.

Shell smooth ; yellowish white, marbled and longitudinally
flamed with chestnut; whorls six; flatly convex, the body-whorl
with basal revolving striae ; aperture brownish or violaceous,
outer lip thickened and dentate within. Length, '8 inch.

v Swan River, Australia.

Sowerby's figure (fig. 63), which is decollated ,_is from an indi-
vidual with more convex whorls than that represented by the
(probabty enlarged) figure in Reeve (fig. 64).

C. LINCOLNENSTS, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 65.

Shell smooth, shining, striate at the base; Aspire long, sharp
pointed; whorls flattened; 3Tellowish white, covered by a network
of chestnut, sometimes sparsely, and frequentty so close as to
cause the surface to appear a uniform chestnut-color ; aperture
chestnut or violaceous within, the outer lip interiorly dentate.

Length, 12 mill.

Australia, Tasmania.

This is a common species ; and may be a small variety of C.
achatina — from which it hardty differs in form, and but little in
coloring.

C. MENKEANA, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 66.

Narrowly acuminated, smooth, fulvous, encircled sometimes
by an interrupted red band on the periphery, and another below

MITRELlA. 121

tfie suture; aperture short, wide below, with truncated canal ; lip
slightly notched above, faintly denticulated within.

Length, 15 mill.

Australia.

The spots on the bands are frequently arrow-shaped.
C. BELLA, Reeve. PL 48, fig. 6*7.

Shell fusiformly pyramidal, with long pointed spire, and rather
flat whorls, separated by a well-marked suture; yellowish white,
with chestnut longitudinal flames, a light band at the suture,
with chestnut fasciculations, another light band on the periphery,

bordered with chestnut spots. Length, 13 mill.

China.
C. BLANDA, Sowb. PI. 48, figs. 68, 69.

Shell ovately pyramidal, smooth, polished, slightly striate at

the base ; outer lip shouldered and obscurely sinuate above,

'usually barely dentate within ; white, with narrow, longitudinal,

zigzag chestnut lines, which become darker at the suture, and

especially on the back of the shell ; interior whitish.

Length, 13 mill.

C. adiostiria, Duclos (fig. 69), a figured but und escribed species,
ignored by subsequent monographers, appears to me to approxi-
mate to this form.

C. ALBINA, Kiener. PI. 48, figs. 70, 11.

Shell oblong, smooth ; body^rhorl slightly shouldered at the
suture, where it is sometimes rudely plicate on the back, base
smooth or sparsely striate; outer lip much thickened, and dentate
within; whitish, variously spotted, marbled or banded with
chestnut, yellow or slate-color; aperture white or yellowish.

Length, 18 mill.

PJiilippines (Cuming), Viti Isles (Garrett).

C. MARGARITA, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 72.

Shell ovate, stout, with obtuse spire, 'smooth, somewhat swollen
and wrinkled beneath the suture ; yellowish white, with chestnut
and opaque white mac illations, sometimes obscurely banded and
usually with a row of- small chestnut spots defining a white or

maculated subsutural band. Length, 10 mill.

Sandwich Islands.
Related to C. albina, but smaller, stouter, spire more obtuse, etc.

122 MITRELLA.

C. CRIBRARIA, Lam. PL 48, figs. 73-71.

Shell oblong^pyramidal, the apex usually truncated ; reticulated
with chestnut or chocolate and white, sometimes obscurely light-
banded below the periphery ; usually, the chocolate color predomi-
nates, so that the white appears upon it as a series of regularly
disposed round white spots ; interior of aperture white, in adults,
the outer lip dentate within. Length, '7 inch.

West Indies, Mazatlan to Cape St. Lucas, Panama,

Galapagos, Goree, West Africa, Ascension Isl.

There can be no doubt of the large distribution of this species
indicated by the above localities. The Seas of Java and Philip-
pines have been also cited, but not with the same certainty as
the others. The species appears to be equally common in the
West Indies and in the subtropical waters of the West Coast of
N. America. Gmelin's name, Valuta ocellata, has priority, but
the species is so well known as C. cribraria that it would be
inadvisable to change it.

C. ar<7ws,d'0rb (fig. 76), appears to be the juvenile state. Buc.
paruulum, Dunker (fig. 77), is a synonym.

C. DELICATA, Reeve. PL 48, fig. 78.

Shell smooth and shining ; yellowish white with a delicate close
network of orange-red lines ; lip slightty sinuated above, denticu-
lated within. Length, 13 mill.

Guatemala.

Is perhaps only a variety of G. cribraria.

C. CERVINETTA, Carpenter.

The typical form was described from a single specimen '27
inch long, the var. obsoleta from a juvenile and adult, the latter
of which is '19 inch long. The pattern of coloring is said to be
like C. cribraria, but the spire is supposed to present distinctive

features.

Mazatlan.
Not figured.

C. DALLT, E. A. Smith.

Shell fusiformly ovate, yellowish white, reticulated with, pale
brown, the interstices being of irregular shapes and sizes — or in
other words, it is pale brown, closely spotted irregularly with
yellowish white; epidermis very thin ; apex eroded, remaining

MITRELLA. 123

whorls 6, flattish or scarcely convex, smooth, separated by a deep
suture, giving the spire a slightly turreted aspect ; last whorl
feebly angular at the middle, contracted inferioiiy, and striated
around the extremity ; aperture pale lilac within, occupying about
three-sevenths of the entire length ; outer lip arcuate, thickened,
especially at the upper part ; thin at the margin, and armed
within the mouth with about 7 elongated tubercles ; columella
arched above, oblique at the base, with indications of one or two
tubercles below the middle, covered with a thin whitish callosity ;
basal canal a little recurved.

L. 14, diam. 5'33 mill. ; aperture 6 long, 2*5 broad.

Vancouver's Island.

This species is broader than C. cribraria, has a less acuminated
and more turreted spire, and the color is much paler ; the outer
lip, too, does not exhibit nearly so distinct a superior sinus and
the last whorl is more contracted at the base, forming more of
a distinct basal canal with the lower extremity of the labrum.

The above is the full description of this unfigured species.
The distinctive characters from C. cribraria do not appear to be
very well marked, and the habitat given perhaps needs verifi-
cation.

C. DyEDALA, H. Adams.

Shell narrow, elongate ; pallid luteous, reticulated with chestnut
and maculated with the same color at the suture ; outer lip sinuated

behind, not dentate. Length, 5 mill.

New Hebrides.

I have not seen this species; the description much resembles a
small, well-covered C. cribraria.

C. OBLITA, Reeve. PL 48, fig. 78.

Shell minutely spirally striated throughout ; transparent white,
with longitudinal orange-brown streaks ; aperture small, the colu-
mella excavated, the outer lip simple. Length, 8 mill.

Pern.
C. VELATA, Reeve. PL 48, fig. 79.

Shell ovate, smooth, shining ; very densely reticulated with
chestnut, whorls rather flattened ; aperture small, lip denticulated

within, slightly sinuated at the upper part.

Habitat unknown.

1 24 MTTRELLA.

A smooth shell, of simple growth, veiled, as it were, with a
very close network painting of dark chestnut.

I reproduce Reeve's description and figure ; the type was in
the Taylor collection. It looks very much like a well-covered
specimen of C. cribraria.

C. FLEXUOSA, Lam. PL 48, figs. 81, 82.

Shell oblong, thick, smooth ; whitish, with longitudinal chestnut-
colored, flexuous lines ; spire acuminated, volutions seven, (some-
times) furnished with a single row of small tubercles ; aperture
oblong-ovate, white within ; internal teeth of the outer lip few

and distant. Length, 18 mill.

Me of France'.

This is a very doubtfully identified species. Sowerby states
that the only specimen he has seen was obtained from the
Lamarckian collection by Mr. Cuming, and was tuberculated as
above described : on the other hand the specimen figured by
Kiener (fig. 81), as from the Lamarckian collection is smooth, and
differs in other respects from Sowerby 's example. The figures
in Sowerby (fig. 82) and Reeve are so close to C. Australis,
Gaskoin, as to strongly indicate specific identit}' — in which case,
Lamarck's species would, of course, have priority.

C. EMARGINATA, Reeve. PL 48, fig. 84.

Shell ovate, rather stout, shining ; whitish, banded and blotched
with red-brown network, spirally bilineated towards the apex ;
spire rather short, sharp, whorls ribbed near the apex, then
smooth ; aperture small, lip conspicuously notched at the upper
part, strongly denticulated within. Length, 10 mi1!.

Habitat unknown.

This shell, in the Cumingian collection, is said to be like C.
pulchella (— elegantula) but more solid and more strongly
colored, with a more than usual emargination of the lip.

C. MICANS, Pease. PL 48, fig. 85.

Shell smooth, polished, slightly striate at the base ; spire-
whorls flattened, apex acute; light purple, under fine chestnut
streaks and reticulations, the sutures generall}7 marked with a
row of narrow white lines ; aperture light purple within ; outer

lip dentate.

Paumotus Isles (Pease); Viti Isles (Garrett).

MTTRELLA. 125

Apparently closely allied to the preceding species, but has
smooth spire-whorls, and somewhat different coloring.

C. BROOKEI, Reeve. PL 48, fig. 8G.

Shell fusiform, narrow, somewhat curved, smooth, linearly
grooved at the base ; yellowish, densely waved with chestnut
streaks, stained darker at the base ; aperture narrow, lip denticu-
lated within.

Sarawak, Borneo (Mus. Taylor).

I am not acquainted with this species ; the figure resembles
the smooth variety of C. zebra, Gray, except that the spire is
longer.

C. SEMICONVEXA, Lain. PI. 48, figs. 81-93.

Shell rather thick, smooth, striated at base ; pale, longitudinally
flamed and reticulated with red-brown ; aperture roseate within;
outer lip strongly dentate. Length, 8-18 mill.

S. Australia, Tasmania.

Varies considerably in form and coloring.

With this are to be placed as synonyms G. rosacea, -Reeve (fig.
89). and C. saccharata, Reeve ( fig. 90), short and long specimens
which have lost their overlying reticulated pattern of chestnut
spots and flames. C. hitea, Quo}r (fig. 91), from Tonga-Taboo,
is an unrecognized species, which may perhaps be a worn C.
semirctnrc.i'fr ; very likely C. polila, Reeve (fig. 92), described
from a single specimen in the Taylor collection, and without
habitat, is also a synonym. C. miltostoma, Tenison-Woods, was
described from a small specimen, six millimetres long; I have
specimens (fig. 93) agreeing essentially with this description
and eight mill, in length, strongly resembling C. rosacea, above ;
the two may constitute a minor variety, perhaps.

C. PICTA, Reeve. PI. 48, fig. 94.

Shell ovate, rather thick, spire somewhat obtuse, smooth ;
reticulately flamed with chocolate and white ; aperture rather
small, narrow ; lip thickened, denticulated within.

Length, 13*5 mill.

Habitat unknown (Mus. Cuming).

I think this will prove to be a color-variation of the last
species.

126 MITRELLA.

C. TICAONIS, Sowerby. PI. 48, fig. 95.

Shell ovate, turgid in the middle, with moderate spire, spirally
striated ; longitudinally marbled with pale 3rello wish and chestnut ;
outer lip thickened externally, its edge thin, with a few small
denticles within. Length, 11 mill.

/. Ticao, Philippines; at 7 fathoms in sandy mud (H. Cuming).

" A bright, richly painted shell, rather more attenuately
restricted at the base than is usual in this genus." — Reeve.

I am not acquainted with this species.

C. DICTUA, Tenison-Woods. PI. 48, fig. ',)<;.

Shell small, narrowly ovate, with acute spire, shining ; closely
angularly reticulated with yellow and brown, forming acute zigzag
markings of equal width ; aperture ovate, wide in front.

Length, 9 mill.

N. Tasmania.

The form is like a very small C. semiconvexa; there are no
spots or cloudings of any kind. The species has not been here-
tofore figured ; I am able to give an illustration from a specimen
kindly communicated to me by Mr. C. E. Beddome of Hobart
Town.

C. AUSTRALIS, Gaskoin. PI. 49, figs. 97, 98.

Shell fusiformly oblong, fulvous reticulated and blotched with
chestnut, sometimes with an obscure covered broad white band at
the suture and a narrower one below the periphery ; body-whorl
contracted below, with revolving striae ; outer lip usually dentic-
ulated within. Length, 15-18 mill.

New South Wales, Australia.

It is found under stones, at low tide, in company with C.
semiconvexa ; from which it is distinguished b}7 its anterior con-
traction and (in fresh specimens) by its epidermal frill below the
sutures. Sometimes the entire body-whorl is obscurely striate.
The variability of the species is shown by the second figure.

C. AUSTRINA, Gaskoin. PI. 49,' fig. 99.

Shell smooth, ivory-white, shining, with a broad red or rosy
band on the periphery ; lip notched above, strongly dentated

within. Length, 13 mill.

Australia.
C. ANNULATA, Reeve. PI. 49, fig. 100.

Shell smooth, ivory-white, with a conspicuous narrow chestnut

MITRELLA. 121

revolving line, appearing on the spire-whorls ; outer lip faintly
sinuated above, denticulate within. Length, 13 mill.

Australia.

The form is the same as in (./. austrina, the only difference
being in the position and width of the colored band. I think
that they will prove to be identical, and that both are described
from worn specimens which have lost a more superficial coloring.

C. ARANEOSA, Gould.

Shell, form of C.austrina, but reticulated and maculated with
fulvous and white; aperture violet-tinted. Length, 10 mill.

Knyosima Buy and China Coast (Stimpson).

Not figured. The types were, I suppose, destroyed in the great
Chicago fire.

C. BUCCINOIDES, Sowb. PL 4<), fig. 1.

Shell deep chocolate, nearly black, usually with a row of white
spots on the periphery, and sometimes a less conspicuous similar
row at the suture ; aperture dark within. Length, 18 mill.

Peru; under stones at low water (Cuming).

C. AVENA, Reeve. PI. 49, fig. 2.

Shell smooth, shining, striated below ; reticulated, flamed and
spotted with orange-chestnut and white ; aperture violet-tinted,

denticulated within. Length, 13 mill.

Buffalo, Cape Colony.
C. TENUH, Gaskoin. PI. 49, fig. 3.

Shell thin, with acuminated spire and inflated body-whorl,
smooth, striated below ; whitish, writh bold flames and zigzag
lines of orange-brown; aperture purplish, expanded below; outer
lip thin, without teeth, sinuated posteriorly. Length, 14 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. PULLA, Gaskoin. PL 49, figs. 4-7.

Shell acuminate!}' oblong, dark chestnut or chocolate-color
without and within, columella whitish or sometimes tessellated
with chestnut; sometimes the surface is lighter-colored, and then
it reveals an obscure reticulated pattern with faint spots at the
suture and on the periphery ; outer lip without teeth.

Length, 13 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

C. nux, Reeve (fig. 5), appears to .be merely a somewhat
stouter example of this species. C. badia, Tenison-Woods (fig. 6),

128 MITRELLA.

is also a synonym ; and perhaps C. Eoblini of the same author
(fig. 7) also belongs here.

C. RUSSELLI, Brazier. PI. 49, fig 8.

Shell cylindrically oblong, somewhat fusiform, smooth ; white,
encircled with dark orange spots ; on the last whorl there are
two rows of spots, the upper row larger, the lower long and
reticulated, those above the suture arrow-shaped; outer lip
smooth within. Length, 4'5 mill.

Claremont Group, N. E. Australia.

Described from a single specimen.

C. TENEBRICA, Reeve. PI. 49, fig. 9.

Shell smooth, dark fulvous chestnut, obscurely longitudinally
streaked ; whorls rather flattened ; aperture small, interior dark

chestnut, lip simple. Length, 9 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Said to be distinguished from C. pulla by its color-stripes and
by the dark-colored columella. It is a doubtful species.

C. TENisoNi,.Tryon. PI. 49, fig. 10.

Shell ovate, sub-biconical, smooth, shining; pale chestnut very
thickly ornamented with chestnut longitudinal lines, sometimes
with two revolving bands of white spots; whorls five, somewhat
flatly tumid, aperture ovate, acute posteriorly, outer lip thickened,

dentate within. Length, 3 mill.

Tasmania.

The revolving bands are not present on the two specimens
sent to me by Mr. Beddome, one of which I figure. The longitu-
dinal coloring is so close and fine as to give the whole shell a
dusky brown appearance, the markings being only distinguishable
under a lens. Described by Mr. Tenison-Woods as C. minutq, a
name preoccupied by Gould.

C. ANGAST, Brazier. PL 49, fig. 1 1.

Shell smooth, yellowish with longitudinal flexnous chestnut
lines, interrupted at the suture and on the periphery by yellowish
bands with scolloped borders; aperture white, lip dentate within.

Length, 5 mill.

South Australia.

Described by Angas as C. interrupta, a name preoccupied by
Gaskoin. Mr. Crosse has united the preceding species with this,

OLIVID.E.

PLATE 16

99

100

13

15

20

24

W

•28

OLIVID.E.

PLATE 17

52

OUVilhE.

PLATE 18

OLIV1DJ3.

PLATE 19

(38

69

70

OLIVIDJE.

PLATE 20

74 77

OLIVID/E.

PLATE 21

PLATE 22.

lo

r

OLIVIDJE.

PLATE 23

27

28

OLIVID.E.

PLATE 24

37

PLATE

48

43

47.

OLIVID^E.

PLATE 26

50

53

OLIVID.tt.

PLATE 27

0 LIVID JR.

PLATE 28

71

OLIVIDJ3.

PLATE 29

79

OLTVID.E.

PLATE 30

89.

85.

OLIVI1XE.

PLATE 31

OL1V1D.K.

PLATE 32

26

28.

27

25

MITRELLA.

but upon a comparison of specimens I am noi ?H. to arrive at a
like conclusion. Mr. Andrew Garrett writes to in;? that C. Vitiensis,
Bunker, has been referred here by one of his English corres-
pondents.

C. ZEBRA, Gray. PI. 49, figs. 12-14.

Shell oblong, somewhat pyramidal, either smooth, or the upper
part of the body-whorl and spire obscurely tuberculately folded,
striate below ; white with zebra-like longitudinal chestnut mark-
ings, more or less interrupted or broken up into spots; folds,
when present, usually colored ; interior slightly violet-tinted ;
outer lip smooth or barely dentate within. Length, 9-13 mill.
New Zealand, Japan, Paumotus, Sandwich Islands.

With this species must be united C. Pacifica, Gask. (fig. 13),
and C. miser, Sowb. (fig. 14). There can be no doubt of the
extensive distribution indicated above.

C. BUNKERT, Tryon. PI. 49, fig. 15.

Shell smooth, ovate-conic, sulcate at the base, apex acute ;
color variable, rosy or orange, or white, reticulated or undulated,
banded or maculated with chestnut ; aperture light violet or
white, the lip thickened and dentate; operculum purpuroid.

Length, 7-13 mill. Japan.

Very variable in both coloring and form, and referred by
Bunker, who described it under the name of varians, to the genus
Ainycla. As I do not recognize the generic distinctness of
Amycla, 1 nin compelled to change the name — that of varians
having been used for a Oohtmbella, many years earlier, by
Sowerby.

C. BURCHARDI, Bunker. PL 49, fig. 17.

Shell smooth, with fine revolving striae, becoming more dis-
tinct towards the base; lip thickened, slightly sulcate within,
externally subvaricose ; white, undulated or irregularly maculated

with chestnut. Length, 15-18 mill.

Jap a n.
C. HANLEYI, pesh. PL 49, fig. 16.

Shell small, ovate-conic, smooth ; white variegated and
marbled with chestnut ; aperture white within ; lip thickened

and quadridentate within. Length, 9 mill.

L Bourbon.

130 MITRELLA.

C. COMPTA, Lischke. Japan.

Described from a single, juvenile specimen, And not figured.

C. SCRIPTA, Linn. PI. 49, figs. 18-21.

Shell smooth, shining, }^ellowish white, usually marbled or
broadty longitudinally striped with chestnut or chocolate-color ;
interior of aperture often yellowish or brownish ; outer lip some-
what thickened, denticulated within. Length, 10-13 mill.

Mediterranean, littoral ; fossil in European tertiaries.

The synonymy of this species is very large, including C.
corniculata, Lam. (fig. 19), C. Gervillei. Payr. (fig. 20), some-
times considered a variety, C. Crossiana, Recluz (fig. 21), and
C. Brisei, Brus. = var. coccinea, Monterosato.

C. MARTENSI, Lischke. PL 49, fig. 22.

Shell turreted subulate, smooth, under a corneous epidermis ;
whitish with undulating lines or flames of chestnut, frequently
forming articulated bands at the suture, and on the middle and
base of the body-whorl ; lip acute, thickened and dentate within.

Length, 20 mill.

Japan.
Allied in form,and frequently in coloring, to G. scripta, Linn.

C. LUNATA, Say. PL 49, fig. 23.

Whorls six, nearly smooth, with usually a single revolving
line below the suture, and a few around the base ; suture not
deeply impressed ; aperture narrow, slightly angulated above,
and shortly channeled below ; lip simple, dentate within ; color
reddish brown or yellowish, with one or more series of sublunate
white spots on the body-whorl ; occasionally uniform reddish
brown, or with sublunate dark markings. Length, 5 mill.

Massachusetts to Florida.

Animal pale whitish ; foot linear, nearly as long as the shell,
acute behind, truncate in front ; proboscis more than half the
length of the shell, obtuse at tip with a brown annulation and
another at the base ; tentacula short, cylindrical, annulate with
blackish on the middle ; eyes black, at the base oPthe tentacula.
G. Wkeatleyi, De Kay and C. Gouldiana, Agassiz,are synonyms.

C. ZONALIS, Linsley. PL 49, fig. 24.

Shell small, ovate-conical, longitudinally substriate, fuscous,

MITRELLA. 131

often with three white zones ; whorls five, flattened ; aperture
about half the total length. Animal white* Length, 4*5 mill.

New England.

Differs in coloring and form, being more attenuated, and in
the want of inferior revolving lines from G. lunata — which
attains about the same dimensions. This species is better known
under the name of C. dissimilis, Stimpson, C. zonalis having
been described from an immature shell.

C. DERMESTOIDES, Kiener. PL 49, fig. 25.

Shell smooth, shining, of five or six whorls, coveted with reddish
ocellations and banded with alternate white and reddish spots
on the periphery ; outer lip thin, slightly dentate within.

Length, 8 mill.

West Indies.

Kiener gives the Mediterranean Sea as locality, which is an
error; as well as Angas' identification of an Australian species
with it. Reeve's figure scarcely represents the shell. Compare
with C. moleculina, Duclos.

C. SPIRANTHA, Ravenel.

Shell small, ovate-conic; smooth, except at the base, where
there are a few revolving lines; whorls seven, in mature speci-
mens, nearly flat, with the suture distinct ; color brown, with a
series of irregular triangular spots of a dull 3^ellow ; sometimes
the general color is dull yellow, with brown waving lines, marking
off* the whorls with the irregular spots; aperture oval, about one-
third the length of the shell, with a slight recess at the posterior
angle, and a short canal in front ; brown with a few teeth within
the outer lip, and a smooth slight callus on the pillar.

Length, 4 mill.

Wando River, So. Carolina.

Animal white ; proboscis half the length of the shell ; foot a
little longer than the shell, narrow, wider in front ; posterior end
quite narrow but not pointed ; operculum small, on posterior end
of foot; head projecting from the foot, with tentacles one-third
the length of the shell, very delicate, almost hair-like, with small
black eyes at the base. Animal active, keeping the proboscis in
constant motion, while the tentacles are little used.

This shell is like C. lunata, Say, but is narrower in proportion

132 MITRELLA.

to its length ; the aperture is shorter and differently shaped, the
pillar being straighter and the dent ic illations of the outer lip
stronger. The animals differ; the tentacles of C. spirantha are
delicate and hair-like, while in C. lunata they are rather thick
for the size of the animal.

I copy Ravenel's description above in full. It is evidently a
critical species, and Stimpson considered it a doubtful one. It
has never been figured, and our specimens (not received from
Ravenel, although from the vicinity of his locality) are entirely

too close to C. lunata.

•

C. NIVEA, Ravenel.

Shell small, delicate, elongated-conic, white, immaculate,
smooth, polished, prettily striated on the outer part of the canal,
body-whorl longer than the spire, suture distinct, with a white
revolving line a little below it on the whorls ; pillar covered with
callus, much hollowed, suddenly becoming straight to form the
canal ; callus ending in a distinct edge ; outer lip a little thick-
ened, sparsely denticulated within, the posterior tooth being
decidedly the most prominent.

Allied to rosacea, Gould, and lunata, Say. A single specimen

taken from the stomach of a fish.

Off Charleston Bar, 8. C.

The above is a copy of the original description. I know
nothing of the species — which is unfigured. The specific name is
preoccupied by Sowerby.

C. FENESTRATA, C. B. Adams.

Shell much elongated, ovate conic, subangular on the middle
of the last whorl ; opaque white around the aperture, with, at the
summit of the whorls, a spiral opaque white band, which is inter-
rupted by the angles of an approximate series of brown spots,
which have the form of the summits of Gothic windows, and in
which the deep brown of the summit fades in descending to the
middle of the whorls, where the shell is transparent ; with three
linear spiral series of alternating white and brown on the middle
and anterior part of the last whorl ; with spiral striae anteriorly,
otherwise smooth ; apex acute, spire with nearly rectilinear
outlines; whorls eight, nearly plane, with a slightly impressed

MITRELLA. 133

suture; aperture obliquely oval; labrum thickened and well
excurved, smooth within, sinuate above

L. '25 inch, of spire '16 inch, diam. '08 inch.

West Indies.
Unfigured. I have not seen specimens of this species.

C. DUCLOSIANA, d'Orb. PI. 50, fig. 26.

Shell oblong, subfusiform, smooth, striated below; spire
elongated, conical, with apex acute, and composed of seven
flattened whorls; month narrow, flexnose, with a thickened,
internally dentate lip; white or yellowish white, sometimes
prettily muculated with red near the suture. Length, 4 mill.

West Indies.

The figure represents a wider shell but with coloring not
unlike the "Gothic window summits" of the preceding species ;
the description also indicates a longer spire than shown by the
figure : so that the two descriptions may possibly be of varieties
of a single species. Should they prove to be identical Adams'
name would have priority. The above specific name is preoccu-
pied by Sowerby.

C. AVARA, Duclos. PI. 50, figs. 2T, 28.

Shell pellucid white, with opaque white spots and an indistinct
narrow band on the periphery ; columella plicated.

Length, 8 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Of course this is a very different shell from C. avara, Say,
which it is possibly intended to represent, and if a good species
it must receive a new name. One of the figures, representing
the back of the shell, has numerous minute brown dots.

C. TURBIDA, Duclos. PI. 50, fig. 29.

Shell yellowish, longitudinally strigated and reticulated with
chestnut; columella triplicate, outer lip dentate within.

Length, 8 mill.

Habitat unknown.
Perhaps identical with the preceding species.

C. UVANIA, Duclos. PL 50, fig. 30.

Smooth, with produced spire and apparently channeled suture ;
outer lip greatly thickened and dentate within, inner lip plicate
below ; light yellowish brown, with an interrupted band of large

134 MITRELLA.

irregular white spots at the suture, and a similar one on the
periphery. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.

C. ANGELTA/DUCIOS. PL 50, fig. 31.

"X

Shell slender, with produced spire, striate at base, otherwise
smooth ; outer lip with an external varix, numerously toothed

within; orange-red, including the interior.

Habitat unknown.

No size-marks are given on the plate of Chenu in which this
species is figured, but there can be no doubt that the figure (as
well as those of the other species) is considerably magnified.

C. ORPHIA, Duclos. PI. 50, figs. 32, 33.

Shell chocolate, with large irregular maculations and smaller
spots of white, the latter chiefly at the base of the body-whorl.

Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.

This, as well as the several preceding and succeeding species,
figured but not described by Duclos, have not been identified by
subsequent monographers, and remain unknown. G. ilaira,
Duclos (fig. 33), is perhaps only an older specimen, having one
more whorl, measuring 9 mill., and not differing essentially in
either form or coloring.

C. PSILLA, Duclos. PL 50, figs. 34-36.

Bright chestnut, covered by numerous small white spots, with
a band at the suture and another on the periphery composed of

larger square spots. Length, 6 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Yar. PHILODICIA, Duclos. PL 50, figs. 35, 36.

I suppose that this is a mere color-variety. The ground-color
is lighter, the spots are present, the sutural band is absent, and
there is only a slight indication of a light band on the periphery;
in one of the specimens figured the spots coalesce into irregular
longitudinal stripes.

C. PHILTA, Duclos. PL 50, fig. 37.

Shell pale yellowish brown, peculiarly clathrate with narrow
light chestnut lines, heavier at the intersections.

Length, 4 '5 mill.

Habitat unknown.

MfTRELLA. 135

C. JAPIX, Duclos. PI. 50, fig. 38.

Shell light yellowish brown, with two moderately broad bands
of reticulated chestnut lines, the upper one reappearing on the
spire-whorls. Length, 6 mill. Habitat unknown.

C. AURANTIACA, Dall. PI. 50, fig. 39.

Minute, fusiform, smooth, with five slightly rounded whorls ;
generally orange-yellow, semitranslucent and without markings,
but occasionally darker, or with zigzag brown lines leaving a
light central band and light sutural maculations ; outer lip
slightly sinuated, hardly striate within. L. '18 in. ; lat. "08 in.
Monterey, Cal., Todas Santos Bay, L. Gal.

C. TUBEROSA" Carpenter. PI. 50, figs. 40, 41.

Shell smooth, whorls six, rather flat, the body-whorl having
an obtusely angulated periphery; nucleus white and smooth,
flat on the top, not swollen. Length, 7-8 mill.

Sta. Barbara, San Diego, etc., California.

Larger than the preceding species, and angulated ; the nucleus
also differs, that of C. aurantiaca being regularly fusiform. The
coloring is very variable, varying from white to dark chocolate,
either uniform or with a light central band and sutural macu-
lations, and sometimes with nebulous or zigzag markings.

Var. VARIEGATA, Stearns. Fig. 41.

Shell usually somewhat more slim than the type, and with
consequently less angulation of the periphery ; the central light
band is more or less broken up into white spots, smaller than
the sutural maculations,

C. CHRYSALLOIDEA, Carpenter. PI. 50, fig. 42.

Shell cylindrically oblong, shining, whorls seven, slightly
rounded, covered with microscopic spiral lines ; yellowish to
chocolate ; lip scarcely thickened and very slightly dentate
within. Length, 8 mill. Southern Coast of California.

C. BABBI, Tryon. PI. 50, fig. 43.

Shell ovate or oblong-cylindrical, thin, transparent, shining,
very faintly tinged and flamed with orange, apex pink ; aperture
short, lip rather thickened, notched at the upper part, scarcely
denticulated. Length, 10 mill.

Gulf of California (Mr. Babb, R. N,),

136 MITRELLA.

Described and figured by Reeve as C. lacfea, Kiener — which
is a very different species, originally figured by Duclos ; I am
therefore compelled to change the name, and call it after the
gentleman who collected the Cumingiantype specimen. Although
revolving striae are neither described nor figured by Reeve, I
think it not improbable that this will prove to be identical with
C. chrysalloidea, Cpr.

C. NASUTA, Menke.

Ovately fusiform, smooth, with revolving strife at the base;^
spire conically tnrreted, acuminate ; yellowish-white, with supe-
rior triangular chestnut-colored maculations and longitudinal
flexuous lines ; lip thickened and gibbous in fron^, denticulate

within. L. 9'8 lin., apert. 5'5 lin., lat. 4 lin.

Mazatlan.

An unfigured species, which has not been recognized by Car-
penter or subsequent students.

C. MARQUESANA, Gaskoin, PI. 50, figs. 44-47.

Earlier whorls very faintly minutely costate, balance smooth,

shining, last one with revolving striae at base; yellowish white,

encircled with narrow chestnut lines or sometimes irregularly

maculated with chestnut, tip of spire rosaceous. Length, 10 mill.

Polynesia, Viti Is., Paumotus, Borneo, Loo Choo,

Hong Kong, New Caledonia.

Very variable in coloring, which has occasioned a number of
synonyms. These are C. tteniata, Ads. and Reeve, not Phil,
(fig. 46) ; C.lineolata and decolor, Gould (unfigured), referred
here by Carpenter after an examination of the types; C.flammea,
Pease (unfigured) ; C. sublsevis, Montr, (fig. 41).

C. BICINCTA, Gould.

Shell ovate, sniall, turreted, thin, smooth, ash-color with two
fulvous bands ; whorls eight, slightly convex, suture impressed ;
aperture lunate, lip arcuated, acute, dentate within, columella
violaceous, with thin callus, and tuberculated anteriorly.

L. 10, diam. 4+ mill.

Hong Kong Harbor, 10 fathoms, shelly sand (Stimpson).

Unfigured, and unknown to me.

C. AZORA, Duclos. PL 50, fig. 48.

Shell wide ovate, spire and upper part of body-whorl longitu-

M1TRELLA. 137

dinally obscurely ribbed, the ribs usually obsolete, or surface
sometimes quite smooth; yellowish, necked with white, especially
on the ribs or nodules, with three necklace-like rows of small

chestnut spots. Length, 8-9 mill.

Seychelles, Mauritius.

C. albinodidosa, Gaskoin, is a synonym, but the only figure of
it, in Reeve's Iconica, is not at all characteristic, and resembles
closely the next species.

C. LEGRANDI, Tenison-Woods. PI. 51, fig. 49.

Shell small, subulate, thin, shining chestnut, girdled at the
suture with a band of sno.wy spots, shaded with fulvous brown ;
apex mammillate ; whorls six, elongate, convex, very finely trans-
versely lined ; aperture elongately ovate ; outer lip thin, simple.

L. 7 '5, diam. 2 mill. Tasmania.

My figure is drawn from one of the type specimens ; it is a
smaller, narrower shell than the last species.

C. XAVIERIANA, Tenison-Woods. PL 51, fig. 50.

Shell elongated fusiform, smooth, striated at the base ; whorls
eight, rather flattened ; lip thick, plicate within; orange-brown,
conspicuously and broadty maculated with chestnut — which under
the lens is sometimes seen to be flecked with white.

L. 12, diam. 4 mill. Tasmania.

Figured from the type specimen, through the kindness of Mr.
C. E. Beddome of Hobart Town.

C. ALBA, Petterd.

Shell attenuately fusiform, shining, white faintly tinged with
chestnut, regularly transversely striate all over ; whorls six, flatly
convex ; aperture narrowly ovate, inner portion faintly thickened,

outer lip thin. L. 7, diam. 3 mill.

Blackmarfs Bay, Tasmania.

Unfigured. " The regular transverse striae is a character by
which it can be easily recognized."

C. CHOAVA, Reeve. PL 51, fig. 51.

Shell ovate, smooth, yellowish, freckled or longitudinally waved
with chestnut ; lip slightly thickened in the middle and dentate

within. Length, 6 mill.

New Zealand.
C. flexuosa, Hutton (unfigured) is a synonym.

18

138 MITRELLA.

C. PELLUCIDA, Reeve. PL 51, fig. 52.

Shell ovate, obliquely expanded towards the base, transparent,
smooth, spotted and flamed with orange-chestnut ; spire rather
short, acuminated ; aperture ovate, columella excavated, lip vari-
cose, purple-stained within, crenated, one-toothed at the upper

part. Length, 8'5 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Has somewhat the form of a Nassa, and is so transparent as
to show the columella through the shell.

C. LINEOLATA (Pease), Brazier. PL 51, fig. 53.

Shell elongately ovate, smooth, shining ; whorls six, the last
grooved at the base ; columella tridentate, outer lip very slightly
thickened, smooth or barely dentate within ; openly reticulated
with fine chestnut lines, with an irregular band of the same color
encircling the last whorl, and maculated with white ; this band
appears above the suture on the whorls of the spire ; there is
also a chestnut band towards the base of the body-whorl.

Length, 7-9 mill.

New South Wales, Australia.

This species was first described by Mr. W. H. Pease as C. macu-
losa, a name preoccupied by Sowerby, having been previously con-
fused by Mr. Angas with C. dermestoides, Kiener , and by Mr. Brazier
with C. lineata. Pease — which, apparently by a slip of the pen,
he writes lineolata. Pease's description of lineata (I have no
specimen, and it has not been figured) scarcely covers this form,
and I therefore give the species the name under which it is so
well known to Australian collectors.

C. LINEATA, Pease.

Shell small, solid, fusiform, turreted, whitish or variously
marked with reddish brown; spire acute; whorls plano-convex,
smooth, the last somewhat ventricose, and spirally striated at
the base ; canal produced ; sutures faintly impressed ; outer lip
thickened by a stout outer varix and dentated within ; columella
smooth, strongly arched ; aperture small, tortuous.

Sandwich Islands.

Unfigured, and unknown to me. See remarks under pre-
ceding species.

MITREuLA. 139

9

C. INSCRIPTA, Brazier.

Shell somewhat oblong, ovate, smooth, whitish, ornamented
with a reddish brown network, darker and broader towards the
centre ; whorls seven, slightly convex, suture impressed, marked
below with white ovate blotches, then small narrow ones having
a transverse chestnut line between every alternate one ; spire
lengthened, apex acute ; aperture long, wide, interior ivory-
white, columella thickened, varicose on the outside, having three
prominent little tubercles on the inside, »peristome arcuated,
upper part sinuated, denticulated within, canal short, narrow.

L. 8, diam. 4 mill.

North Australia, New Guinea.

An un figured species, certainly very closely allied by its mark-
ings to C. lineolata (Pse.), Brazier.

C. MARI.E, Brazier.

Shell acicular, club-shaped, smooth, yellowish brown, minutely
marked with oblong white spots ; wrhorls nine, flattened ; centre
of last encircled with a chain of brown and white alternate
spots, reappearing on the spire contiguous to the suture ; below
the suture transparent; spire lengthened, apex acute; aperture
long, narrow, peristome thin, thickened behind, edged with
brown, interior white, denticulated, sinuated at the upper part,
columella varicose, canal short, recurved. L. 10, diam. 4 mill.

Hall Sound, New Guinea.

One fine living specimen found. Not figured.

C. PUDICA, Brazier,

Shell club-shaped, thinnish, variously mottled with brown,
sometimes having minute white spots, or with white and brown
flames above and below the suture ; whorls eight, angularly
spiral, convex, suture slightly tabled, transparent, spire long,
apex white, acute ; cohimella curved and varicose at the lower
part, peristome thin at edge, very much thickened within, having
from two to three small obtuse teeth, sinuated above, canal short,
slightly recurved. L. 6, diam. 2 mill.

Darnley IsL. Torres Sts., Australia, 20 to 30 fms.,

white, sandy bottom (Brazier).

Unfigured.

140 MITRELLA.

C. L^ETA, Brazier.

Shell ovate, smooth, acuminated at both ends, fulvous; whorls
six, spirally angled, slightly convex, transparent white at the
angle, marbled above and below with dark fulvous lines, some-
times flexuously waved ; spire short, apex white, rounded ; aper-
ture narrow, little more than half the whole length, canal narrow,
slightly recurved, columella smooth, curved, grooved in the
middle, inner part forming a sharp lip below upper pnrt, with
thin deposit of callus^ varicose below on the outside, peristome
white, thin at edge, gibbous in the middle. L. 4, diam. 1-5 mill.
Darnley Isl., Torres Sts. With the preceding species.

Un figured.

C. FORMOSA, Gaskoin. PI. 51, fig. 54.

Shell ovate, smooth, shining, pale pink, encircled round the
middle, and again near the base with faint bands of chestnut
network; whorls flatly convex; aperture rather small, columella

excavated, lip simple. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. NUBECULATA, Reeve. PL 51, fig. 55.

Shell oblong, ovate, smooth, yellowish white, variously mottled
with orange-brown ; apex violet-tinted, whorls convex; aperture
small, lip notched at the upper part, prominently toothed within.

Habitat unknown.

Rather obscurely clouded in respect of coloring, which inclines
towards the base to form a fine network. — REEVE.

C. BIFLAMMATA, Reeve. PI. 51, figs. 56, 57.

Shell cylilidrically ovate, smooth, shining, whitish, densely
flamed throughout with orange-brown, spire rather obtuse, whorls
convex ; aperture small, columella slightly excavated, lip vari-
cose, faintly notched at the upper part, denticulated within.

Habitat unknown.

Encircled with two bands of longitudinal orange-brown flames,
quite peculiar and uniform in character. — REEVE.

C. YORKENSIS, Crosse. PL 51, fig. 58.

Shell oblong, acuminated, smooth, striate at base ; white, with
some pale red longitudinal stripes, under a greenish yellow
epidermis ; whorls nine, nearly flat ; aperture oblong, slightly

MITRELLA. 141

flexuous and white, columella with some slight granulations,
outer lip simple, a little thickened, and denticulated within.

Length, 19 mill.

York Peninsula, Australia

A larger shell than C. Tayloriana, Reeve.

C. ISABELLINA, Crosse. PI. 51, fig. 59.

Shell elongated fusiform, smooth, yellowish brown, under a
thin epidermis of the same color ; aperture pale violet, the outer
lip with obtuse interior denticulations. L» 8, diam. 3 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. TAYLORIANA, Reeve. PI. 51, figs. 60-62.

Shell solid, ovate, smooth, shining; epidermis smooth, thin,
greenish yellow ; color of shell white, finely reticulated with
chestnut and flamed or spotted with chestnut on the spire and
upper portion of the body-whorl, suture with opaque white and
chestnut spots ; lip moderately thick, denticulated within.

Length, 10 mill.

Southern Australia.

A somewhat variable shell both in form and coloring, as shown
by numerous specimens before me. I agree with the Australian
conchologists that C. albomaculata , Angas (fig. 62) is a synonym.

C. ALBUGINOSA, Reeve. PL 51, fig. £3.

Shell ovate, smooth, shining, transparent white, reticulated
with orange-brown, with a central light band ; whorls flatly
convex, the last somewhat twisted and grooved ; aperture small,
lip simple, slightly notched at the upper part. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknown.

The type of this species formed part of the Taylor collection.

C. INTERRUPTA, Gaskoin. PL 51, fig. 64.

Shell ovate, attenuated at both ends, rather solid, white,
encircled above and below by bands of crescent-shaped chestnut
spots ; spire somewhat turreted, whorls encircled by a groove
round the upper part, the body-whorl deeply grooved towards
the base ; aperture rather narrow, lip slightly notched at the upper
part, denticulated within. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknown (Taylor collection).

C. ABYSSICOLA, Brazier. PL 51, fig. 65.

Shell oblong, pyramidal, smooth ; whorls eight, flatly convex,

142 ATILIA.

round shouldered ; yellowish white, spirally encircled on the
periphery with yellowish brown broad arrow-shaped markings, the
points showing to the right, marked as four arrows placed one
behind the other, opaque between, every alternate space arrow-
shaped, last whorl below having the markings more numerous
and close-set ; aperture oblong ovate, white, canal narrow, short,
peristome thickened in the middle, strongly denticulated within.

Length, 3 '5 mill.

North Australia, New Guinea (Brazier).

I figure an example of this elegant little species from one of
several specimens obligingly communicated by its author.

C. CINCINNATA, von Martens. PI. 51, fig. 66.

Shell smooth, oblong, shining, grayish white, with narrow,
longitudinal undulating chestnut lines, and maculations of
opaque white, in a double series ; apex rose-violet ; outer lip

without teeth ? Length, 3 mill.

Mauritius.
Probably not adult.

C. ASOPIS, Duclos. PI. 51, fig. 61.

Shell smooth, yellowish, irregularly and openly reticulated by
light chestnut ; lip externally thickened, dentate within ; coin-

mella rugose.

Habitat unknown.

The figures of this unrecognized species are evidently greatly
magnified, but, like all the others upon the same plate there is
no accompanying size-mark.

Section V. Atilia, IT. and A. Adams.

Shell fusiform, smooth or longitudinally plicate ; spire elevated,
sharp ; last whorl suddenty narrowed into a beak or short canal
in front.

C. MINOR, Scacchi. PI. 51, fig. 68.

Shell smooth, striated at the base; yellowish brown, more or
less indistinctly marbled with a darker color, with sometimes a
light band on the periphery ; outer lip slightly dentate within.

Length, 9-12 mill.

Mediterranean Sea.

C. NYMPHA, Kiener. PI. 51, fig. 69.

Shell elongated,- smooth, striate at the base; yellowish, with

ATJLTA. 143

longitudinal chestnut lines ; aperture yellowish within, the outer
lip stained brown and denticulated on the inner margin.

Length, 12'5 mill.

Seychelles Is.
C. FILICINCTA, Tapparone-Canefri.

Shell acicular, contracted and striate at the base ; pallid
fulvous, with longitudinal darker strigations, and a band of
articulated fulvous and white on the periphery ; aperture narrow,

fulvous, the outer lip thickened. Length, 9 mill.

New Guinea.

Described from a single specimen and not figured. The
description brings it very close to C. nympha.

C. ARTJCULATA, Souverbie. PI. 51, fig. 70.

Shell yellowish, with curved longitudinal darker strigations
and an articulated band of chestnut and white spots on the
periphery — which is apparent on the spire-whorls ; outer lip
emarginate above, acute, varicose externally, dark margined and

plicate within. Length, 10'5 mill.

New Caledonia.

Only a single specimen obtained. The coloring is very close
to that of the last species. I suspect that it is only a variety of
G. nympha.

C. MINDOROENSIS, Gaskoin. PL 51, figs. 71, 72.

Shell ivory-like, smooth, striate below ; whitish, with narrow
flexuous zigzag chestnut lines ; lip slightly dentate within.
Length, 10 mill.

Puerto Galero, Isl. of Hinder o, Philippines, in coarse

sand, at a depth of about 12 fathoms (Cuming).

Persian Gulf (Issel).
C. Doriae, Issel (fig. 72) appears to be a synonym.

C. BACULUS, Reeve. PL 52, fig. 73.

Shell solid, with flattened whorls and obtusely angulated
periphery, below which the body-whorl has revolving striae ;
whitish filleted and spotted with orange or chestnut, sometimes
showing a row of spots on the periphery ; outer lip thickened,

plicate within.

China Seas; Australia.
C. PUNGENS, Gould. PL 52, fig. 74.

Shell small, lanceolate, polished, with numerous minute longi-

144 ATIL1A.

tudinal plications, the lower part of the body-whorl with revolving
striae ; whitish, marbled with yellowish brown. Length, 10 mill.

Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands (Stirapson).

I give a figure from a specimen in the Philadelphia collection,
received from Stimpson.

C. PLUTONIDA, Duclos. PL 52, fig. 75.

Shell whitish, with obscure chestnut or slate colored reticula-
tions. Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown-.

Figured by Duclos, with name, but no description.

C. PRETRII, Duclos. PI. 52, fig. 76.

Whorls flattened, with deeply impressed sutures, longitudi-
nally plicate ; white, broadly banded with chestnut, lower part

of body-whorl chestnut. Length, 7*5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
Figured, but not described by Duclos.

C. IONTHA, Ravenel.

Shell fusiform, strong, small, with nine flat, longitudinally
ribbed whorls, and deeply channeled sutures ; lower part of
body-whorl with revolving strise, which upon the ribs give place
to revolving colored lines and clouds ; outer lip considerably
enlarged, sparsely denticulated within ; aperture small, rather
wide, the pillar lip much hollowed above, suddenly becoming-
straight to form the canal. Length, 6+ mill.

Charleston Bar, So. Carolina.

A single specimen from the stomach of a black-fish. Is very
probably synonymous with C. Hotessieri, d'Orb., and C. Pretrii,
Duclos. In the event of their proving identical, the latter name
must be adopted, having priority of publication.

C. HOTESSIERI, d'Orb. PI. 52, fig. 82.

Shell oblong, thick, with wide longitudinal plications and
revolving strise; spire sharp, composed of seven, flat whorls,
separated by a crenulated suture ; mouth narrow, sinuous, the
thickened lip six-tuberculate, the columella slightly folded ;
yellowish white, more or less marked with chestnut.

Length, 7 mill.

Guadeloupe, West Indies.
See remarks under preceding species.

ATILIA. H5

C. CONSPERSA, Gask. PI. 52, figs. 77-81.

Spire and upper part of body-whorl more or less obsoletely
and distantly plicate ; white, marbled and reticulated with
chestnut, forming a white band at the suture and another on
the periphery; body-whorl strongly contracted, with revolving
striae below ; lip externally varicose, dentate within, the margin
sinuous behind ; columella conspicuously folded, the upper fold
largest; canal recurved. Length, 12-15 mill.

Philippines, N. E. Australia, New Caledonia, Andaman Is.

The original figures of C. iodostoma, Gask. (fig. 78), and G.
puella, Sowb. (fig. 79), are more strongly plicate and darker
colored than man}' of the specimens before rne, yet they are
undoubtedly synonymous with the smooth form of C. conspersa,
from which the original figure and description of that species
were made. I add a figure from a specimen (fig. 80) of a nearly
smooth example, showing a usual state of the species. C. con-
taminata, Gask. (fig. 81), is to be referred here.

C. SUGILLATA, Reeve. PI. 52, fig. 86.

Shell ovate, livid brown or purple, spire turreted, whorls tuber-
cularly ribbed round the upper part, tubercles white ; aperture
somewhat squarely ovate, lip slightly varicose, angled at the
upper part, denticulated within. Length, 12 mill.

China Seas, Philippines.

C. SAGITTA, Gaskoin. PI. 52, figs. 83-85.

Shell narrow, smooth, shining; pale brown, longitudinally
strigated, maculated or reticulated with chestnut, with usually
a band on the periphery and sometimes another at the suture,
articulated with white and chestnut, sometimes sagittiform.

Length, 8 mill.

Sandwich Islands, Paumotus, Viti Islands, Solomon's Is.

This species was described as from Africa and West Indies,
but these habitats have not been confirmed ; on the other hand
the description applies closely to a common Polynesian species,
and this identification is concurred in by a number of concholo-
gists. The only figure of the species hitherto given is by Reeve ;
it is a poor representation of the usual state of the shell besides
being three times its size without any mention of its having
been enlarged. I give this figure, however (fig. 83). Pease de-
19

146 ATI LI A.

scribed it as 0. pusilla, and finding that name preoccupied
changed it to C. fusiformis, which was also preoccupied five or
six times by different authors. G. galaxias, Reeve (fig. 84), is
a synonym; as is also probably C. doliolum, Tapparone, an
unfigured species from New Guinea. C. Carolina, E. A. Smith,
from Strong Island, Solomon Archipelago, is exactly equivalent
to the figure of G. galaxias, Reeve ; my specimens being part of
the original lot of Garolinae. Mr. Smith's figure (fig. 85) does
not agree with his description.

C. MERITA, Brazier.

Shell thin, acicular, much contracted at the base, yellowish
white; whorls eight or nine, flattened, minutely tabled at the
suture, ornamented with roundish opaque white spots, below the
suture and between the spots two narrow transverse reddish
yellow lines one above the other ; the lower having longitudinal
lines of the same color running down, divided with a white band
on the centre of the last whorl, spire very much lengthened,
aperture pear-shaped, peristome thin, sinus at upper part, colu-
mella varicose, canal short, narrow. L. 7, diam. -J-5 mill.
Darnley 7sZ., Torres fits., Australia ; 30 fms., white,

sandy bottom (Brazier).

The above is a copy of the original description. I have not
seen the species — which is unfigured.

C. ALABASTRUM, ReCVC. PI. 51, fig. 14.

Shell fusiform, alabaster-white, white banded on the subangu-
lated periphery, sparingly marked with chestnut blotches.

Length, 8 mill.

Habitat unknown (Reeve). Mauritius (Martens).

The type formed part of the Taylor collection. It is a very
doubtful species. Yon Martens has figured a shell from Mauritius
to which he applies this name with some doubt.

C. NIVEOMARGINATA, E. A. Smith. PI. 52, fig. 91.

Shell grayish white, with an opaque white band spotted with
chestnut at the top of the whorls, and a narrower one around the
middle of the last whorl, the rest of the surface being marked
with opaque white in an irregularly closely reticulating manner;
whorls smooth, the third and fourth costate ; suture deep;

ATILIA. 147

making the spire appear somewhat turreted ; lip externally
thickened, tubercnlate within, sinuate above. Length, 11 mill.

Japan.
Described from a single specimen.

C. LISCHKEI, E. A. Smith. PI. 52, fig. 90.

Shell smooth, third and fourth whorls of the spire strongly
costate ; last whorl subangulate on the periphery, contracted
below, with revolving sulci ; outer lip with interior plications
and an external varix ; dirty white, blotched at intervals with
chestnut-brown, the blotches extending from suture to suture.

Length, 1 1 mill. Japan.

Allied to C. alabastrum, Reeve, but has more numerous and
shorter whorls, and differs in coloring.

C. FUSIFORMIS, d'Orb. PI. 52, fig. 88.

Shell fusiform, smooth, with revolving striae below ; spire
elongated, sharp ; lip dentate within. Length, 6 mill.

Jamaica, Martinique.
C. RORIDA, Reeve. PL 52, fig. 89.

Shell transparent white, glassy, encircled round the middle
with a row of milk-white spots ; lip simple. Length, 7 mill.
Lord Hood's Isl. (found on Avicula margaritifera, in coral

sand at the depth of six fms.) (Cuming). Viti Is. (Garrett).
C. tessellata, Dunker, and C. pellucida, Pease, are synonyms ;
neither of them is figured.

C. SOLIDULA, Reeve. PI. 52, figs. 92, 93.

Shell fusiform, thick, shining, with sharp-pointed spire; whorls
encircled by narrow, rather distant grooves, and sometimes the
body-whorl is slightly plicated on the back, just below the suture ;
white, longitudinally streaked, marbled or reticulated with
chestnut, sometimes forming a white band on the periphery ;
edge of columellar lip defined; .outer lip sinuated behind,
thickened and plicate within ; interior of aperture, tip and base
of the shell usually pale violet-tinted. Length, 15 mill.

Cape $£. Lucas, Lower California.

C. HIRUNDO, Gaskoin. PI. 52, fig. 94.

Shell solid, smooth, shining ; whitish, freckled with waved
orange-brown lines ; outer lip tubercuiated and sinuous behind.

Length, 16 mill. Habitat unknown.

148 ATILTA.

In the general form and aperture this species looks something
like a Strombina.

C. SUBULATA, Duclos. PI. 52, fig. 96.

Shell with a long, sharp-pointed spire of eleven flattened
whorls, the body-whorl striate and produced below into a long
narrow canal ; aperture long and narrow ; outer lip thickened
and dentate within ; yellowish white. Length, 28 mill.

Habitat unknown.

The above description is made up from the original figures,
one of which I copy. The shell may be a fossil. Sowerby subse-
quently described a very different species under the same specific
name.

C. PLURISULCATA, Reeve. PL 52, fig. 95.

Yellowish brown, spirally grooved throughout, aperture sinu-
ated posteriorly, lip unarmed. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Described from a single, worn and perhaps not adult specimen :
it must be considered a doubtful species.

C. ARATA, Reeve. PL 53, fig. 97.

Shell spirally grooved throughout ; yellowish, variegated with
red-brown spots ; columella excavated ; lip simple, slightly

expanded. Length, 14 mill.

Habitat unknown.

C. OCELLATA, Reeve. PL 53, fig. 98.

Shell finely longitudinally plicate, with revolving grooves at
the base ; whitish, stained and ocellated with orange-brown.

Length, 8 mill.

Habitat unknown.

The eye-like points are said to dip at rather distant intervals
from the sutures. A doubtful species.

C. PELAGIA, Reeve. PL 53, fig. 99.

Shell subulate, the whorls somewhat tubercularly ribbed above,
forming a turreted spire ; aperture small, lips strongly varicose,
notched at the upper part, plicate within : white, marbled with
chestnut, showing a more or less defined white central band, and
white on the sutural tubercles. Length, 8 mill.

Habitat unknown.

ATILIA. 149

C. MONIL1FERA, Sowb. PI. 53, fig. 100.

Shell oblong-acuininated, with well-marked sutures and some-
what rounded whorls ; longitudinally ribbed, crossed and decus-
sated or tuberculated by revolving riblets ; white, chestnut-
spotted on the ribs, leaving a central white band ; aperture rather

narrow, denticulated within. Length, 5 mill.

West Indies.
Reeve's figure of this species is very inaccurate.

C. MANGELTOIDES, Reeve. PL 53, fig. 1.

Shell fusiform, rather solid, longitudinally strongly ribbed;
yellowish, sprinkled with orange-brown spots ; whorls numerous,
flatly convex, sutures impressed, the last whorl produced into a
canal ; aperture small, lip varicose, denticulated within.

Length, 8 mill,

West Indies.

I reproduce Reeve's description and figure : the species has
not been recognized by collectors. I am strongly inclined to
consider it a worn specimen or a variet}^ of C. monilifera, in
which the revolving riblets have disappeared or failed to be
developed.

C. FULGIDA, Reeve. PL 53, fig. 2.

Shell rather elongated, transparent white, shining, subangulated
on the periphery ; painted longitudinally with faint waved orange*
brown streaks ; lips slightly denticulated within,

Length, 7-8 mill.

Port Lincoln, Australia (Cuming Coll.).

Noumea, New Caledonia (Brazier).

C. LACTEA, Duclos. PL 53, figs. 3, 4.

Shell smooth, white, striate below; aperture dentate within,
Length, 19 mill.

Indian Ocean, Seychelles Inlands.

Duclos published a figure with name, but no description : his
specimen was possibly denuded of its coloring. The localities
are supplied from Kiener's monograph, although the shell figured
by Kiener is so different (fig. 4) that it may well be another
species.

C. ESSINGTONENSIS, Reeve. PL 53, figs. 5, 6.

Shell smooth, polished, with revolving grooves below; white,

150 ATILIA.

with two narrow chestnut bands, sometimes livid purple without
bands ; exterior margin of aperture varicose, thickened and

smooth within. Length, 13 mill.

N. Australia.
C. EXIMTA, Reeve. PL 53, figs. 7, 8.

Shell smooth, shining, transparent orange, finely reticulated
with brown, encircled by two bands of opaque, snow-white flakes ;
whorls rather flat, the last contracted and grooved at the base,
slightly recurved ; aperture small, lip varicose, slightly notched

at the upper part. Length, 10 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

C. bicincta, Angas (fig. 8), is a synonym.

C. EXILIS. Phil.

Shell small, narrowly fusiform; whorls six or seven, flattened,
obsoletely longitudinally plicate ; fulvous, with two white bands,
one of which appears on the spire ; lip slightly inflected and

thick'ened in the middle. Length, 4 mill.

Red Sea near Aden.
Not figured. Unknown to me.

C. PUMILA, D tinker.

Shell small, elongated, attenuated at both extremities, uni-
colored, fuscous; whorls six, longitudinally costate, the costse
covering half the last whorl, which is lirate at the base; columella
sinuous ; lip slightly thickened, plicate or subdentate within.

Length, 4 mill.

Japan,

LTnfigured. Said to resemble C. exilis, Phil.

C. SERTULARIARUM, d'Orb. PL 53, figs. 9, 10.

Shell elongated, smooth, striate at base, sometimes slightly
longitudinally folded on the body-whorl; yellowish-white, faintly
banded with brown, with sutural markings of brown and white,
alternately ; lip thickened, not dentate. Length, 12 mill.

San Bias, Patagonia.
C. ELATA, Reeve. PL 53, fig. 11.

Shell solid, spire produced, whorls rather narrow, longitudinally
plicately ribbed ; white, longitudinally strigated and waved with
chestnut ; aperture small, columella thinly lipped.

Length, 19 mill. Habitat unknown.

Described from a shell in the Cumingian collection.

ATILIA. 151

C. CUMINGII, Reeve. PL 53, figs. 12-16.

Shell elongated, subcylindrical, recurved at the base, upper
whorls minutely ribbed, all the others covered with close, fine
spiral striae ; outer lip sinuated above, thickened and dentate
within ; purplish, with usually two bands of chestnut dots.

Length, 19 mill.

Island of Capul, Philippines ; Mauritius.

With this species I unite C. lumbricus, Reeve (fig. 13), from
the same locality ; it is described as smooth, but the revolving
striae are represented on the original figure — which I have copied ;
the shell is rosy brown, with an obscure reticulated pattern. C.
spicula (fig. 14) and C. clausilia, Duclos (fig. 15), are also
synonyms.

Var. ACUS, Reeve. PI. 53, fig. 16.

Shell longitudinally minutely ribbed towards the apex ; yellow-
ish, irregularly longitudinally streaked with orange-brown ; lip
simple, scarcely denticulated within. Length, 11 mill.

This shell is from the same locality as the preceding, and is,
as Reeve says, of the same general type.

C. FILOSA, Angas. PL 53, fig. It.

Shell elongately fusiform, varying from white to chocolate, the
lighter-colored specimens often with brown maculations at the
suture, the darker-colored ones frequently with whitish sutural
maculations ; whorls eight, slightly convex, covered by fine
revolving striae; outer lip slightly thickened externally and
dentated within. Length, 11 mill.

New South Wales.

Described as a species of J^sopus, Gould ; but the only char-
acter which it seems to possess in common with that genus is
the unimportant one of revolving striae.

C. ATTENUATA, Angas. PL 53, fig. 18.

Shell smooth, shining, moderately solid; whorls eight, very
slightly convex, the last' striate at the base; outer lip simple,
arcuate behind, contracted at the base, with an external brown
varix ; brown, paler beneath the sutures. Length, 9 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.
C. NYCTEIS, Duclos. PL 53, figs. 19-21.

Whorls flattened, white with angular notches of chestnut, or

152 ANACHIS.

uniform white; lip with exterior varix and interior denticula-
tions. Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Figured but not described by Duclos, and not recognized by
subsequent students. C. Belizana, Duclos (fig. 21), appears to
be identical.

C. SPIRATELLA, von Martens. PL 54, fig. 22.

Shell small, oblong tut reted, distinctly spirally lirate, yellowish
with nodiform short ribs on the periphery, which are white ; lip
subsimple, canal open, shortly recurved. Length, 4'5 mill.

Mauritius.

C. RUBRA, von Martens. (Unfigured.) E. Coast of Patagonia.

Described from an imperfect specimen and referred doubtfully
to Columbella.

Section VI. Anachis, I-7. ;>nd A. Adam?.

Shell oval-fusiform, longitudinally strongly ribbed, spire
elevated; last whorl, not narrowed in front; aperture narrow;
columella straight ; outer lip nearly straight, with a posterior
sinus, crenulated within.

C. RUGOSA, Sowb. PI. 54, figs. 23-27.

Shell ovate, tuberculate, plicate or. rudely ribbed, the ribs only
developed on the upper half of the body-whorl, whole surface
with coarse revolving striae ; white, stone-color or light olivaceous,
with large chocolate clouds, especially on the back of the body-
whorl — which is sometimes nearly covered with this color.

Length, 18-22 mill.

Panama.

The ordinary appearance of adults of this species is that shown
by fig. 23 ; sometimes the shell is narrower and less rugose, being
ribbed rather than tuberculate (fig. 24).

The synonyms are C. bicolor, Kiener (fig. 25), and, I think,
C sinuata, Sowerby (figs. 26, 27). The latter has the characters
of C. rugosa, except that the outer lip has a projecting sinus
in the middle; it is a remarkable-looking shell and Sowerby
thinks it " almost generically distinct," yet places it in Anachis.
Judging from the figure, I place it here as a monstrosity of this
species.

ANACIIIS. 153

C. YOLDINA, Duclos. PI. 54, fig. 48.

Shell with large rounded ribs, forming an obtuse shoulder to
the whorls ; lower part of body-whorl with revolving grooves
and chocolate-color, rest of surface whitish, with a violet band,

visible on the spire. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Figured but not described, and not since identified; it is
possibly an extreme variety of the last species.

C. COSTELLATA, Sowb. PI. 54, figs. 28-31.

Shell narrowly longitudinally ribbed, sometimes slightly tubcr-
culate on the shoulder of the body-whorl ; yellowish brown closely
reticulated with chestnut or chocolate, forming an irregular
darker band above the periphery, and a broader one below it ;
aperture bluish, and sometimes reticulated within ; outer lip
slightly dentate, sinuous behind. Length, 16-20 mill.

Mazatlan; Panama; Guatemala (f); Payta, Peru.

Nearly intermediate in its characters between C. rugosa, Sowb.,
and C. fluctuata, Sowb. C. valida, Reeve Tfig. 29), from Gua-
temala, is described from a worn specimen of this species. G.
varicosa, Gaskoin (fig. 30), is also a synonym ; its locality, Payta,
Peru, is probably erroneous. I add also C. macrostoma (Anton)
Reeve (fig. 31), erroneously said to inhabit the coast of California.

C. FLUCTUATA, Sowb. PI. 54, figs. 32-35.

Shell wide ovate, with somewhat turreted spire, nodulously
ribbed, ribs sharp, curved on, the body-whorl, or sometimes
obsolete below the shoulder ; white, with close, zigzag chocolate
markings ; epidermis yellowish, translucent, thin ; outer lip
broadly sinuous behind, callously thickened, and minutely

dentate within. Length, 16-21 mill.

Panama.

The synonyms are C. fluctuosa, Duclos (fig. 33), G. suturalis,
Gray (fig. 34), C. costata, Duclos (fig. 35).

C. CORONATA, Sowb. PI. 54, figs. 36, 3T.

Shell yellowish white, sometimes stained with chestnut, with
zigzag longitudinal dark chestnut or chocolate lines ; urjper part
of whorls coronated, the tubercles sometimes giving rise to short,
distant longitudinal plications. Length, -5 -'75 inch.

Panama to Cape St. Lucas.
20

154 ANACH1S.

C. VAEIA, Sowb. PI. 54, figs. 38-41.

Longitudinally narrowty ribbed, decussated by revolving lines
which are often more or less obsolete except towards the base of
the body-whorl; marbled with chestnut or chocolate and white,
sometimes almost covered with the darker color, but always
having a more or less defined central white band, which some-
times reappears at the sutures of the spire-whorls ; outer lip of

aperture ribbed within. Length, 1 inch.

Panama. Mazatlan.

This appears to be the shell which Carpenter described as
Anachis (? costellata, var.) pachydermata. G. scalarina, Sowb.
(fig. 39) is a state of this species in which the whorls are unusually
shouldered. C. veleda, Duclos (fig. 40), and C. ophunia, Duclos
(fig. 41), are both synonymous with C. varia, the latter with the
shouldered variety.

C. CRUENTATA, Morch.

An unfigured species, said to generally resemble C. daliola,
Duclos (= C. varia, Sowb.), but with longer spire, and smaller,
broader aperture. The characteristic coloring consists of blood-
red spots, usually upon alternate ribs, some in the interspaces of
the ribs ; some specimens have only a single red spot, others are
entirely white. Length, 6 mill.

Sonsonate, West Coast of Central America.

C. LYRATA, Sowb. PL 54. fig. 42.

Shell sharply longitudinally ribbed, decussated by revolving-
striae, which are frequently obsolete except at the lower part of
the body-whorl ; yellowish, articulated by two bands of chestnut
spots appearing on the ribs ; aperture white ; lip sinuated behind,

plicate within. Length, 18-22 mill.

Panama.
C. FULVA, Sowb. PL 54, fig. 43.

Shell reddish brown, with distant narrow longitudinal plica-
tions, fading out at the lower part of the body-whorl, where they
are replaced by revolving striae. Length, 23 mill.

Panama^ under stones.

C. TERPSICHORE, Sowb. PL 54, figs. 44-46.

Whorls longitudinally ribbed and nodosely shouldered ; ribs
rather distant and narrow ; white, with revolving bands of

ANACHIS. 155

chestnut spots and zigzag markings, more or less interrupted by
the smooth interstices of the ribs ; aperture white within, the
outer lip sinuous behind, and plicate within.

Length, 15-18 mill.

West Indies.

C. lineolata, Kiener 'fig. 45), is a synonym, and I suppose
that C. Californica, Reeve (fig. 46), a species which does not
inhabit " California," may also be placed here, if the figure may
be depended on.

C. ADELINE, Tryon. PL 54, fig. 47.

Shell closely longitudinally ribbed, with revolving striae,
apparent principally in the interstices of the ribs ; ivory-white,
shining, with two broad bands of chocolate spots, arranged in
checker-board fashion, and leaving a central band of white; lip
with external varix, sinuated behind and dentate within ; aper-
ture white. Length (decollated), 15 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Six fine specimens are before me, all of them decollated. The
nearest ally is C. Terpsichore, but this shell differs in its more
numerous, less tuberculated ribs, in the disposition of the color-
spots and their form.

C. SUFFUSA, Sowb. PI. 55, fig. 49.

Shell distantly longitudinally ribbed, with shouldered whorls,
the ribs sometimes obsolete on the body-whorl, which is striate
at the base ; white, with longitudinal streaks and spots of
chestnut, often forming interrupted revolving bands.

Length, 10 mill.

Galapagos (Wimmer); Central America (Morch).

C. NIGRICOSTATA, E. A. Smith. PI. 55, fig. 50.

Shell subturreted, longitudinally ribbed; epidermis thin,
yellowish ; shell white, the ribs black, bearing a series of white
spots a little above the middle of the body-whorl, interstices of
the ribs with dark, somewhat zigzag lines, revolving lines at the
base spotted with black ; aperture white within ; labrum dentate.

Length, 12'5 mill.

Andaman Islands.
Appears to be very closety allied to C. suffusa, Sowb.

156 ANACHIS.

C. TUBERCULATA, Reeve. PL 55, fig. 51.

Obliquely ribbed, the ribs tuberculated below the sutures ;
white, with a superior red band ; aperture small, lip sinuated
behind, thickened and denticulated within. Length, 13 mill.

Hob. unknown (Cumingian Coll.).
C. RUGULOSA, Sowb. PL 55, figs. 52, 53.

Shell oblong-ovate, thick, longitudinally plicately wrinkled,
and covered with close revolving striae ; yellowish, almost covered
with chocolate or chestnut irregular markings, made up of very
close minute dots, forming a light band below the middle of the
body-whorl; aperture chocolate. Length, 13 mill.

W. Coast of Central America, Galapagos Is.

C. CAVEA, Reeve. PL 55, fig. 54.

Shell swollen and subangulated on the periphery, tubercularly
ribbed ; light chestnut or yellowish, the ribs dark colored, aper-
ture toothed within. Length, 8'5 mill.

Habitat unknown,.

May be a small specimen of C. varia, Sowb.

C. NIGROPUNCTATA, Sowb.

Shell ovately acuminate ; whorls six, tuberculate below the
sutures ; longitudinally costate in the middle, the costre decus-
sated ; white punctate with black. L. 11, diam. 6 mill.

Lord Hood's Islands (on Meleagrina)".

This species was not included by Sowerby in his subsequently
published monograph in the " Thesaurus," and is not mentioned
by other monographers ; I do not know it.

C. MULTIVOLUTA, Reeve. PL 55, fig. 55.

Shell acuminately ovate, longitudinally obscurely white ribbed,
variegated with two bands of black lines ; spire attenuated ;
whorls numerous ; aperture rather small, columella contracted,
grooved, lip simple. Length, 15 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. ADAMSI, Tryon. PL 55, fig. 56.

Shell ovate, latticed throughout with longitudinal and revolv-
ing rrbs ; yellowish, faintly a-ed-banded at the upper and lower
parts of the body-whorl, with a single band on the whorls of the

ANACHIS. 157

spire; whorls rounded, the ribs slightly tuberculated above;
aperture rather small, lip thickened, dentate within.

Length, 11 mill.

Habitat unknown.

I am not acquainted with this species ; it was figured and
described by Reeve under the name of C. fenestrata, but that
name being preoccupied by C. B. Adams, I change it as above.

C. STRENELLA, Duclos. PL 55, figs. 57, 58.

Spire whorls somewhat flattened, shell longitudinally ribbed,
crossed by revolving striae ; yellowish with chestnut markings
or nearly uniform chestnut-brown ; columella with tubercles
below, outer lip toothed within. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. PORCATA, Reeve. PL 55, fig. 59.

Shell ovate, spirally ridged throughout, the interstices being
conspicuously excavated ; white, much stained and spotted with
purple-red ; whorls convex, sutures excavated ; aperture small,
denticulated within. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknown (Cumingian Coll.).

I have not seen this species.

C. JASPIDEA, Sowb. PL 55, fig. 60.

Shell with longitudinal, rounded plications, usually becoming
obsolete towards the middle of the body-whorl, the lower part
of which is covered by revolving grooves ; there are sometimes
faint revolving grooves in the interstices of the plications ; yel-
lowish brown, tinged, especially on the spire, with pink ; outer
lip sinuous behind, more or less dentate and thickened on the
inner margin. Length, 12 mill.

Island of Ticao, Philippines, under stones at low water (Curaing\

Viti Inlands (Godeffroy).
C. FILAMENTOSA, Dunker. PL 55, fig. 62.

Slightly but closely longitudinally ribbed, with revolving
striae at the base ; outer lip varicosely thickened, smooth within^
sinuate behind, terminating in a short tout distinctly constricted
canal; yellowish brown, with numerous equidistant narrow

revolving chestnut lines. Length, 12 mill.

So. Pacific Ocean.
C. PULCHELLA, Kiener. PL 55, fig. 63.

Shell closely ribbed, crossed by close impressed lines, cutting

158 ANACHIS.

the ribs into tubercles ; yellowish white, reticulated with light
chestnut ; outer lip scarcely thickened, smooth within.

Length, 10 mill. Havana, Cuba (Arango).

Sowerby's and Reeve's figures of this species do not represent
it, but the next species. The shell is allied to C. jaspidea in
form, but is somewhat more slim. Kiener gives (erroneously)
the Mediterranean Sea as locality for this species. C. plicatulum ,
Bunker, from Venezuela, described thirty years ago and remain-
ing unfigured and unrecognized, may possibty be this species.
Many years subsequently, Dunker again used the same specific
name for another form.

C. ELEGANTULA, Morch. PI. 55, figs. 64, 65.

Shell pale, shining, flamed and spotted with fulvous orange ;
upper whorls longitudinally ribbed, the interstices sometimes
latticed ; lip sinuous behind, denticulated within.

Length, 9-12 mill.

W. Coast Central America, Galapagos Is.

Figured by Sowerby and Reeve for C. pulchella, Kiener — a
different shell.

C. VALGA, Gould. PI. 55, fig. 61,

Small, solid, ovate-lanceolate, somewhat gibbous; whorls nine
to ten, slightly convex, the penultimate one disproportionally large
so as to give the shell a gibbous or distorted form ; with fine
longitudinal riblets, becoming obsolete on the upper part of the
body-whorl ; rostrum somewhat elongated ; suture linear, deeply
impressed ; aperture narrow, ribbed within. Pale fawn-color,

encircled by chestnut lines. L. 12, diam. 5 mill.

Samoa Islands.

The above description indicates a shell very like C. jaspidea,
Sowb., but the figure (which I copy) does not correspond with
it. I am almost convinced, however, that it = jaspidea.

C. ACUTA, Stearns. PI. 55, fig. 66.

Shell small, slender, acutely fusiform ; whorls eight, with
about fifteen nearly equidistant rounded longitudinal ribs, which
are absent on the apex and adjoining whorl and become obsolete
just below the angulated periphery of the body -whorl — which
has distinct basal revolving striae ; sometimes the ribs are sub-
nodulous ; white with revolving sienna lines and blotches, or

ANACHIS. 159

light sienna-yellow, with whitish blotches and brown linear
markings; aperture white ; the outer lip simple, moderately
thickened, slightly shouldered and curved above, five to seven
dentate within. L. *26, diam. '08 in.

Egmont Key, W. Coast of Florida.

C. AVARA, Say, PL 55, figs. 67-71.

Shell somewhat variable in outline, the spire longer or shorter
and the body-whorl correspondingly narrower or broader, with
numerous longitudinal plications, usually extending to about
the middle of the body-whorl, and revolving striae, conspicuous
towards its base, and elsewhere apparent in the interstices of the
plications ; yellowish white, more or less blotched or reticulated
irregularly with chestnut or chocolate, sometimes uniform yel-
lowish white. Length, 13-20 mill.

Atlantic Coast of the United States ; Tampa Bay,

Gulf Coast of Florida.

C. Lafresnayi, Fischer and Bernard! (fig. 68), from the Island
of Marie Galante, West Indies, and C. similis, Ravenel (fig. 69),
are synonyms ; the latter being founded on the long, narrow
forms. Between these and a stumpy specimen of C. avara, there
is much difference, but my extensive suites, from every portion
of our coast exhibit every intermediate form, and show a varia-
bility as to sculpture and coloring suggestive of a future great
reduction in the number of admitted species in the genus. C.
semiplieata, Stearns (figs. 70, 71), from the West Coast of Florida,
is another long, narrow form, with fewer longitudinal ribs, yel-
lowish, reticulated with light chestnut. At first sight it appears
very distinct from the typical avara, but is too close to Ravenel's
C. similis. I have JV. Florida specimens before me which supply
the intermediate forms. Another probable synoi^m is C. trans-
lirata, Ravenel (unfigured), which is elevated conic, writh close
ribs and five equidistant revolving striae on the upper half of
the body-whorl, and on those of the spire, nodulous at the suture
and the nodules white. Length, nearly 1 inch.

C. PHYLINA, Duclos. PL 55, figs. 72, 73.

Shell smooth, or flexuously ribbed on the body-whorl only ;
yellowish, closely reticulated with narrow chestnut lines.

Length, 9 mill.

Habitat unknown .

160 ANACHIS.

Figured but not described by Chenu. Appears to be very
closely related to C. avara, Say.

C. CLETA, Chenu. PI. 55, fig. 74.

Shell distantly ribbed, the first whorls of the spire more closely
and finely ribbed ; yellowish brown, with numerous narrow

chestnut revolving lines. Length, 13 mill.

Habitat -unknown.

This appears (like the last) to be nearly related to C. avara.

C. MENALETTA, DucloS. PL 55, fig. 75.

Shell distantly but strongly folded ; ash-color with distant
narrow chestnut revolving lines. Length, 6 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. PLICARIA, Montrouzier. PI. 56, fig. 16.

Whorls moderately rounded, closely longitudinally ribbed,
with revolving striae at the base ; yellowish, reticulated with
reddish brown ; outer lip dentate within, columella plicate.

Length, 13 mill.

New Caledonia.
Described from a unique specimen.

C. COSTULATA, Cantraine. PL 56, fig. 77.

Shell white, sometimes with a yellowish or rosy tinge ; with
narrow distant longitudinal ribs, and well-impressed sutures; ribs
becoming evanescent towards the base of the body-whorl ; whole
surface covered with very close, minute revolving striae ; lip
scarcely thickened, slightly dentate within. Length, 10 mill.
Boreal. Norway, England, Nova Scotia, Rhode Island,
Chesapeake Bay, Sicily. Fossil in the later European

tertiary, Vienna, Messina, etc.

Has the usual characteristics of northern shells.

•

C. ROSACEA, Gould. PL 56, figs. 78, 79.

Shell small, acutely conic, white, tinged with rose-color; whorls
six, covered with minute spiral lines ; those of the spire finely
or obsoletely ribbed, sometimes smooth, body-whorl without ribs,
outer lip sharp, without teeth within. Length, 7*5 mill.

Norway, Spitsbergen, Greenland, New England.

American specimens are scarcely at all costate.

C. DIAPHANA, Yerrill. PL 56, fig. 82.

Shell thin, delicate, translucent, white, nearly smooth, elon-
gated, with long tapering acute spire. Whorls eight, broadly

ANACHIS. 161

and evenly rounded ; suture somewhat impressed, but not deep,
frequently narrowly channeled ; surface, except anteriorly and
on the canal, destitute of spiral lines, and of any indication of
ribs, but covered with very close, almost microscopic lines of
growth, which give the surface a dull appearance when dry ; on
the canal and extending to the anterior part of the body-whorl
are a number of distinct spiral lines becoming faint opposite the
middle of the aperture ; fine, microscopic spiral striations some-
times appear on the lower whorls. The nucleus is larger than in
A. rosacea, rounded, depressed and spiral, but somewhat mammil-
lary. The aperture is small, oblong-ovate ; the outer lip is sharp
at the edge, but in adult shells has a distinct thickening a little
back from its margin ; the inner surface is usually smooth, but
in some adult specimens there are four or five small, transversely
oblong tubercles, back from the margin, and a larger conical
tubercle at the base of the canal. Columella sigmoid, a little
excavated in the middle, and with a distinct, raised, spiral fold
at its inner edge, anteriorly ; canal short, open, very slightly
curved ; epidermis thin, closely adherent, minutely lamellose
along the lines of growth, pale greenish gray, or yellowish white.

Length of one of the largest specimens, 12 mm., breadth 4 mm.,
length of aperture, 5 mm., its breadth 1'8 mm. Stouter and
shorter examples occur.

Off Martha's Vineyard, in 65 to 487 fathoms, 1880 and

1881 (U. S. Fish Commission). Off Chesapeake Bay,
300 fathoms fCapt. Tanner). Taken at many stations.

This species resembles C. rosacea, of which I formerly sup-
posed it to be a deep-water variety. A more careful examination
of a larger and better series convinces me that they are distinct.
The present species is a more slender and elongated, and far
more delicate shell, and is destitute of the impressed spiral lines
that cover the whorls, both in that species and C. Holbdllii, and
is without any traces of transverse ribs, on the upper whorls.
The fold on the columella edge and the submarginal thickening
of the outer lip are also good distinctive marks, but the great
difference in the nucleus is, perhaps, of still greater importance.
Fresh specimens, when wet, are so transparent that the internal
form of the columella can often be seen through the shell.

The above is Prof. Verrill's description in full.
21

162 ANACHIS.

C. PUR A, Verrill.

This shell is very abundant in many of our deeper dredgings,
on muddy bottoms. It resembles the shallow water species,
(7. zonalis (== C. dissimilis, Stimp.), in form, except that it is
somewhat shorter and stouter, with the whorls more convex, the
columella more excavated, the aperture a little wider and the
canal slightly bent back at the tip, but the shell is translucent
and glossy, and the color is pure white or pinkish white, except
near the apex, where it is tinged with pale brown or pink, in
fresh specimens. The surface is smooth, except slight lines of
growth and a few faint spiral lines, on the canal anteriorly. The
nucleus is distinctly larger than in the typical C. zonalis. It is
probable that this form is a distinct species.

Off Martha1 s Vineyard, 100 to 487 fms., 1880, 1881 (U. S. Fish Coram.);
off Chesapeake Bay, 300 fathoms (Capt. Tanner). Abundant.

The above is a copy of Prof. Yerrill's descriptionc

C. VERRILLI, Dall.

Shell slender, conical, yellowish white, whorls seven ; polished,
but covered when fresh by a shaggy brown epidermis, which is
irregularly lamellated; nucleus naticoid, shining translucent white;
ten or twelve close spiral lines on the pillar and basal surface,
with occasionally microscopical spiral lines on other parts of the
shell ; longitudinal sculpture consisting in some specimens of
nine to fourteen plications, stronger at the posterior end on each
whorl, forming there slight tubercles which form a waved sutural
line — in others the sculpture is fainter, not tuberculate at the
suture, and becoming evanescent on the larger whorls at a short
distance in advance of it ; pillar stout, a little twisted, and with
the canal distinctly recurved, with a smooth white callus ; outer
lip slightly thickened and reflected, somewhat contracted anter-
iorly to form the short wide canal, and having internally about
midway between its junction with the body-whorl and the canal
a single small rounded pustule-shaped callus ; there are no other
denticles except this, which is invariably present in adult
specimens.

L. 9, of last whorl 5, of aperture 3'5 mill.; max. lat. 3, of

aperture 1*5 mill.

Caribbean, 331 to 805 fathoms.

The above is one of the numerous new species discovered in

ANACHIS. 163

1817-79 by the dredgings of the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer
Blake, and described by Mr. W. H. Dall. He says : " This
species is most nearly allied to Astyris rosacea, Gould, from
which the faintly sculptured specimens differ by the smaller
mouth in proportion to the spire, and the characters of the epi-
dermis and aperture ; the character of the plications also differs
from that of A. rosacea. The solitary pustular denticle is a very
peculiar, and, as far as I am aware, unique feature." Unfigured.
C. strix, Watson, and its var. subacta, are evidently synonyms :
the species has not been figured, but the description is sufficient
to indicate this.

C. STRICTA, Watson.

Shell short and dumpy, with a rather high, scalar, blunt spire, a
short but broadish last whorl, and a small, slightly reverted snout ;
there are on the last whorl twelve longitudinal ribs, separated
by furrows three times their width, these ribs increase in number
rapidly up the spire ; there is a slight tubercular ridge at the
top of the whorls, and obsolete spiral striae below, becoming
more distinct towards the base of the body-whorl ; color porcel-
lanous white ; apex blunt, smooth ; whorls six, scarcely convex ;
mouth small, lip contracted and slightly curved above, with ten
small teeth within, of which the highest is remote from the top
and larger than the others ; just at this point is a slight open
false sinus. L. -25, diam. -13 ; mouth long -11, broad '06 in.
Near St. Thomas, W. /., 390 fms., in coral mud. (Challenger Exped.)
If this should prove to be an older state of the next species,
it will become a synonym thereto.

C. AMPHISSELLA, Dall.

Shell small, stout, blunt tipped, yellowish white, of four and a
half whorls ; nucleus large, white, shining, smooth, of one and a
half whorls ; sculpture of numerous (on the last whorl twenty-one)
straight, subequal plications with about equal interspaces, begin-
ning at the suture, passing clear over the whorl, and fading out
only when near the canal ; also faint lines of growth ; spiral
sculpture of numerous equal fine rounded threads (twenty-one
on the last whorl) with slightly wider interspaces, covering the
whole shell except the nucleus ; pillar short, stout, a little con-

164 ANACHIS.

cave, with a slight callus ; outer lip somewhat thickened, smooth ;
canal wide, short but distinct ; sutures distinct. L. 4, lat. 2 mill.

Yucatan Strait, 640 fms.

I am not acquainted with this unfigured and apparently imma-
ture species.

C. TEOPHANIA, Duclos. PI. 56, fig. 80.

Shell distantly and rather broadly longitudinally ribbed, with
revolving striae in the interstices, and at the base of the body-
whorl ; chestnut, variegated with a darker tint. Length, 10 mill.

Habitat unknown.

This figured but undescribed species has not been recognized.

C. BUCHHOLZI, von Martens. PI. 56, fig. 81.

Shell turreted, shining, longitudinally folded, cut into nodules
by an impressed line under the suture ; folds evanescent on the
body-whorl, which has revolving striae towards the base ; outer
lip thickened and plicate within ; grayish white with three light

chestnut bands. Length, 11 mill.

Guinea, West Africa.

C. SAGRA, d'Orb. PL 56, figs. 83, 84.

Shell oval-oblong, shining, very slightly longitudinally plicated
except the last whorl of the spire, which is smooth, with revolv-
ing grooves at the base of the body-whorl, spire elongated conic,
with sharp apex, composed of seven somewhat convex whorls ;
mouth sinuous ; lip thickened, dentate within ; columella with
two slightly marked plications ; white, tinged with rose-color on

the spire. Length, 8 mill.

West Indies.

The figure represents a smooth shell, but the description is as
above. I have not seen the species. C. Kieneria, Duel. (fig. 84),
appears to resemble it very closely, and may be identical ; it has
not been described.

C. ELECTONA, Duclos. PL 56, fig. 85.

Body-whorl smooth, spire closely and finely longitudinally
ribbed ; white, spire tinged with rose-color ; lip sparsely dentate.

Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. ENCAUSTICA, Reeve. PL 56, fig. 86.

Shell oblong, subulate, rather solid, fulvous brown, tessellately

SEM1NELLA. 165

blotched with white, spire sharp, sutures impressed, whorls nine,
longitudinally ribbed, decussated with spiral grooves ; aperture
rather small, denticulately ridged within.

Gulf of California (Lieut. Shipley).

This species has not been recognized by Carpenter nor by
subsequent naturalists. The locality must be considered doubtful,
and the figure is possibly a magnified one.

C. SAINT-PAIRIANA, Caillet. PI. 56, fig. 87.

Shell elongated, acuminated, solid, reddish rose-color, under a
light olivaceous epidermis ; embryonal whorls smooth, several
subsequent ones of the spire closely and finely costulate, body-
whorl without ribs, but with revolving striae below ; aperture
narrow, the lip with external varix and denticulated within;
operculum thin, pellucid, corneous, obliquely striated.

Length, 23 mill.

IsL of Marie Galante, West Indies.
C. CUSPID AT A, Marrat. ,

Shell elongated fusiform, attenuated below, spire sharp-pointed ;
whorls longitudinally costate and transversely sulcate, ribs sub-
granulated ; pallid gray, or fulvous, maculated with chestnut,
epidermis dusky ; columella arcuate, labium callous ; aperture
narrow, lip lirate within.

West Africa.

Unfigured. No dimensions given. The description will suit
several species already well known.

)
Section VII. Senunella, Pease.

Shell very small, fusiform, longitudinally ; costate, usually
decussated ; lip slightly emarginate above, lirslte or denticulate
within.

Differs from Anachis principally in its minute size.

C. LACHRYMA, Gask. PL 56, fig. 48.

Shell shortly fusiform, attenuated at each Extremity ; snow-
wliite, faintly stained with orange-brown ; surface entirely can-
cellated, spire conical, densely grained ; aperture elongated
narrow, lip notched above. Length, 8 mill.

Sandwich Islands ; Upolu.
C. TROGLODYTES, Souverb. PL 56, fig. 89.

Shell longitudinally ribbed, with equal interstices, and

166 SEMINELLA.

revolving striae at the base of the body-whorl, subtranslucent,
shining, with a lighter band at the sutures and an interrupted
brown line below it, another light band below the periphery, and
the basal portion of the body-whorl checkered with brown spots ;
aperture narrow, the lip minutely denticulated within.

Length, 3'f 5 mill.

New Caledonia; Papua (Tapparone-Canefri) .

C. PEASET, von Martens.

Shell fusiform, minute, attenuated at both ends, longitudinally
ribbed ; color variable, light brown with transverse lines of a
darker color encircling the whorls, or with longitudinal undu-
lating lines, or ornamented with oblong square brown spots, or
light brown dotted with white. Length, 3*5 mill.

Sandwich Islands.
C. CRASSILABRIS, Reeve. PI. 56, fig. 90.

Shell ovate, finely cancellated ; yellowish, encircled with two
bands of red-brown arrow-headed marks, purple-spotted at the
base ; spire rather short, sharp ; aperture small, lip very thick,

varicose.

Habitat unknown.

I am not acquainted with this species. The figure is probably
much enlarged, although it bears no size-mark.

C. PYGM^A, Sowb. PI. 56, figs. 91, 92.

Whorls obliquely ribbed above ; white, with three revolving
rows of chestnut spots, sometimes coalescing into blotches.

Length, 6 mill.

West Columbia, Cape St. Lucas.

C. ATOMELLA, Duclos. PL 56, fig. 93.

Shell pure white, longitudinally ribbed ; aperture peculiarly
contracted by a plate-like thickening of the inner margin of the

outer lip. Length, 8 mill.

Habitat unknown.

This shell has not been described. C. ornata, Pease (not
Ravenel), has been distributed under this name, and Reeve has
figured for it C. atrata, Gould.

C. GARRETTI, Tryon. PL 56, fig. 94.

Shell rather stoutly fusiform ; spire slender, elongate ; longi-
tudinal ribs rounded, prominent, contiguous, sometimes becoming

SEMINELLA. 167

obsolete on lower part of last whorl ; outer lip denticulate within ;
ribs white, sometimes banded with white, blotched or spotted
irregularly with iridescent reddish brown, last whorl ornamented
with flexuous lines of reddish chestnut. Length, 3 mill.

Tahiti.

Varies much in the disposition of its colors, but the opaque-
white ribs and flexuous lines on the last whorl are constant.
Described by Mr. Pease as Citharopsis ornata, but as Citharopsis
is a synonym of Columbella, and as the specific name ornata is
preoccupied by Ravenel for a post-pliocene species, I make the
change of name as above.

C. GRACILIS, Pease. PI. 56, fig. 95.

Shell slender, elongately fusiform, shining; longitudinal ribs
usually rather prominent, sometimes evanescent, interstices
generally showing revolving striae, lower part of body-whorl
distinctly striate ; sometimes the ribs are obsolete and the
revolving striae become prominent over the entire bodj^-whorl ;
yellowish, sometimes variegated with chestnut, and frequently
with chestnut spots arranged in a superior band.

Length, 4-6 mill Viti Isles.

Pretty constant in form, but varying in sculpture and coloring.
Pease described from a not perfectly adult specimen ; Dunker
described the adult under the name of C. pusiola. A portion of
the original lot of the latter species is before me. Mr. Garrett
believes C. pusiola to = C. lachryma, Gaskoin (p. 165).

C, T^NIATA, Phil. PI. 56, fig. 96.

Shell with rounded whorls, and well-impressed suture, spire
subturreted; tubercularly ribbed beneath the sutures; yellowish
white with revolving lines and blotches of chestnut ; aperture
small, lip notched above, denticulate within. Length, 6 mill.

Mazatlanj Cape St. Lucas.

G. Gaskoini, Carp., and C. venusta, Reeve (fig. 96), are syno-
nyms.

C. KTROSTBA, Duclos. PI. 56, fig. 9t-

Shell pure white. Length, 9*5 mill.

ffabitat unknown.

I can give no information concerning this shell, which is figured
but not described ; it may be colorless from bleaching.

168 SEMJNELLA.

C. ATRAMENTARIA, Sowb. PL 56, figs. 98, 99; PL 43, fig. 27 ;
PL 57, fig. 1.

Shell ventricose, with sharp-pointed spire, thick, closely
spirally grooved, longitudinally plicately ribbed, the ribs fading
towards the lower part; very dark chocolate, obscurely white
spotted ; aperture chocolate ; outer lip thickened at the margin
and dentate within. Length, 8'5-10 mill.

Galapagos Islands; Gulf of Nicoya, Central America.

C. lentiginosa, Hinds (t. 43, fig. 27), is synonymous and C.
pariolida, Duclos (fig. 1), is a specimen in which the longitudinal
plicae are not developed ; a not unusual form.

C. NIGRICANS, Sowb. PL 57, fig. 2.

Shell cancellated by longitudinal ribs and revolving striae, with
usually a single row of minute granules at the sutures ; aperture
rather small, lip thickened and denticulated within, conspicuously
notched behind ; dusky brown or nearly black, sometimes
obscurely lighter-banded on the middle of the body-whorl, and
frequently the sutural tubercles form a narrow white band.

Length, 8 mill.

Panama, Galapagos.

C. PARVA, Sowb. PL 57, figs. 3-5.

Minutely longitudinally ribbed, the interstices with fine
revolving striae ; yellowish brown, with a chestnut-colored supe-
rior band, and base. Length, 5-8 mill.

West Coast Central America.

The shell figured by Reeve (fig. 3) differs much from the type
and is apparently not adult. C. pamila, Duclos (fig. 5) appears
to be synonymous.

C. SPADICEA, Philippi. PL 57, fig. 6.

Cylindrically oblong, acuminated at the apex, longitudinally
ribbed, and decussated by faint revolving striae, slightly tuber-
culated at the sutures; dark chocolate, with a narrow white
band on the periphery, and sutural granules also whitish.

Length, 9 mill. '

Mazatlan.

A narrower shell than C. nigricans, with similar sculpture and
colors.

SEMINELLA. 169

C. OBESA, C. B. Ad. PL 57, figs. 7-9, 20.

Shell ovately ventricose, longitudinally ribbed, a little crimped
at the sutures, with fine revolving striae, sometimes obsolete
except towards the base of the body-whorl ; dusky or yellowish,
chestnut-banded near the suture, and again on the middle or base
of body-whorl. Length, 5-7 mill.

West Indies; Mouth of St. John's River, Florida.

C. cancellata, Gaskoin (fig. 8), is founded on a dead, faded
specimen of this species. Reeve's description of G obesa is very
bad, and his figure does not correspond with his description —
nor does it represent the species. In C. decipiens, Ad. (fig. 9),
the ribs are early evanescent on the body-whorl, and the aper-
ture has a well-defined marginal varix ; it cannot be separated,
even as a variety.

C. OSTREICOLA, E. A. Smith. PL 57, fig. 19.

Minute, subfusiform, blackish brown, longitudinally ribbed,
ribs slightly nodulous at the upper part ; transversely grooved
towards the base ; spire acute, rather longer than the mouth ;
whorls six, sloping, scarcely convex ; nucleus smooth ; last whorl
somewhat swollen, contracted towards the base ; aperture oblong,
dark brown within ; lip with a moderate sinus above, denticulated
within ; canal very short ; columella with a nodulous callosity
above. L. 4, diam. 2 mill.

Florida (on Ostrea mrginica).

Said to be allied to C. mgricans, but I think its closest rela-
tionships are with C. obesa, Ads. The figure represents a more
stumpy form than that species, but the description, copied above,
indicates no differential character.

C. ATRATA, Gould. PL 57, figs. 10-17.

Shell plicately ribbed, with revolving striaB at base ; lip
scarcely denticulated within ; dark brown, nearly black, some-
times with two or three brown bands. Length, 5 mill.
Hong-Kong Harbor (Stimpson) ; Pt. Jackson, Australia

(Brazier) ; Aracan (Hanley) ; Viti Islands

(Garrett) ; New Caledonia (Souverbie).

Probably C. melanida, Duel. (fig. 11), C. levania, Duclos (fig.

13), C. atomella, Reeve, not Duclos (fig. 10), and G. pumila,

Souverb. (fig. 12), are synonyms. It is a common shell, of wide

distribution. I am much inclined to include here G. ida, Duclos

22

170 SEMINELLA.

(figs. 14-17). The figures have no size-mark attached, yet there
can be little doubt that they are greatly magnified ; they include
shells more varied in color than anything we have been accus-
tomed to refer to C. atrata, yet among them is one that is per-
fectly and others that are nearly typical in this respect.

C. NISITELLA, Duclos. PL 57, fig. 18.

Yery like the C. ida which I have above referred to C. atrata,
except in size, being 15 mill, long, according to the size-mark

accompanying the figure.

Habitat unknown.
C. DIGGLESI, Brazier. PL 56, fig. 100.

Shell oblong-ovate, thin, glassy, whitish, marked with oblique
reddish lines, longitudinally narrowly ribbed ; whorls five and
a half, tabled at the suture ; apex acute, light blue ; aperture
ear-shaped, half the length of the shell; outer lip minutely
denticulated within; columella curved, finely striated, with a
callus extending to the upper part ; canal short. Length, 3 mill.
N. E. Coast of Australia, 18 fathoms (Brazier).

C. GOWLLANDI, Brazier. PL 57, fig. 21.

Oblong-ovate, rather solid, horny yellow, longitudinally ribbed
as far as the centre of the last whorl; ribs rounded and smooth,
interstices smooth, below obliquely striated ; whorls eight, mod-
erately convex, encircled with a reddish band on the centre of
the whorls, with two on the last, one in the middle and one below,
grained at the suture; apex acute, very smooth; aperture ear-
shaped, short, outer lip thickened, smooth ; columella sinuous,
coated with callus, upper part with a tooth-like callus spreading
towards the outer lip ; canal short, straight. Length, 4*5 milj.
N. E. Australia (under stones); San Cristoval, Solomon's Is.

C. LENTIGINOSA, Reeve. PL 57, figs. 22, 23.

Shell elongately ovate, moderately solid, purplish olive, with a
band of white dots just below the suture, and another encircling
the middle of the last whorl ; whorls six, strongly and closely
longitudinally ribbed, the ribs becoming evanescent towards the
base of the lower wrhorl, which is transversely grooved; aperture
narrowly subquadrate ; canal short, everted and recurved.

Length. 3 '5 mill.

Port Jackson, under stones at low- water (Angas);

Darnley Is., Torres Sts., Australia (Brazier).

SEJVllNELLA. 171

I include in the synonynry C. Smithi, Angas (fig. 23), from
which the above description is copied. Mr. Angas changed the
name of lentiginosa, Reeve, preoccupied by Hinds, to C. Darwini,
but as Hinds' species is a synonym of G. atramentaria, Sowb.,
Reeve's name can be used.

C. SPECIOSA, Angas. PL 57, fig. 24.

Shell minute, fusiform, thin, subtransparent ; yellowish, orna-
mented with very fine undulating longitudinal chestnut lines,
and encircled by two bands of irregular square or crescent-shaped
opaque white spots, and frequently a narrow, subcentral chestnut
band ; whorls five, the last longitudinally plicate above, smooth
below. Length, 3 mill.

Port Jackson, Australia.

Mangelia Atkinsoni, Tenison-Woods, is a synonym.

C. FULMINEA, Gould.

Spire and upper part of body-whorl with flexuous plications,
lower part of body-whorl with revolving striae ; ovate-lanceolate,
shining, whorls six, convex, ornamented with angulated lines of
orange and chestnut ; lip simple, slightly thickened behind,
smooth within and purplish. Length, 7 mill.

St. Simon's Bay (Stimpson).

The folds are said to be unusually distinct and prominent. I
am not acquainted with this species.

C. MINUSCULA, Gould.

Shell minute, thick, elongate, fuscous; whorls seven, slightly
convex, with narrow ribs, obsoletely clathrate below ; aperture
about half the length of the shell, the lip arcuate, acute, granulated
within. The variety is thinner, horn-colored, with two dark
revolving threads. L. 4, diam. 1*5 mill.

Ousima (Stimpson).

Unknown to me. The types of this, the preceding and
following species described by Gould are believed to have been
destroyed by fire at Chicago.

C. NEBULOSA, Gould.

Shell small, elongately ovate, turreted, composed of eight
slight ly convex tabulated whorls, with a sutural line and about
twenty undulations ; variegated with yellow-brown ; the last

112 . SEMINELLA.

whorl with revolving striae; aperture one-third the length of the

shell, lunate. L. 6 mill., diam. 2'5 mill.

China Sea (Stimpson).
C. MINUTA, Gould.

Shell minute, ovate, turreted, straw-color, with twelve acute
longitudinal plications, and revolving striae ; aperture about one-
third the length of the shell, the lip somewhat gibbous within.

L. 2*5 diam. 1 mill.

China Sea (Stimpson).
C. DORSUOSA, Gould.

Shell small, elongate, ovately fusiform, shining, waxy with a
subsutural chestnut band and another at the base ; whorls eight,
shouldered, somewhat convex, with seven ribs and thin trans-
verse striae ; aperture lunate with acute lip.

L. 7 mill., diam. 3 mill.

Hong-Kong (Stimpson).
C. BALTEATA, Gould.

Shell minute, rhomboidal, elongated, shining, straw-colored,
banded with chestnut; whorls seven, the three earlier ones
simple, the rest lirate with a subsutural impressed line, and the
interstices of the ribs with revolving striae ; aperture narrowly

lunate, lip simple. L. 4 mill., diam. 2 mill.

China Sea.

C. ALTERNATA, Gould.

Shell minute, elongately ovate, shining ; straw-color, with
elongated chestnut spots arranged on alternate plications ; whorls
five, with twelve obtuse plications, and anterior revolving striae;
aperture short, narrow, lip thickened, crenate within.

L. 3, diam. 1*5 mill.

Hong-Kong.

C. NAN A, Dunker.

Shell small, oblong or nearly biconical, with exserted acute
spire ; whorls five, longitudinally plicate, the last half the length
of the shell ; spire white, body-whorl mostly chestnut ; aperture

narrow, variegated within. Length, 4 mill.

Viti Islands.
Unfigured.

C. ZONATA, Gould.

Shell minute, fusiform, shining, waxy, with a subsutural chest-
nut band and a wider basal one ; whorls six, contracted below,

SEMINELLA. 173

with ten to twelve flexuous plications; aperture narrow, with

acute, simple lip. L. 3, diam. 2 mill.

Kagosima (Stimpson).

Mr. E. A. Smith refers this to the genus Zafra, described as
one of the Pleurotomidae, but which he thinks belongs to
Columbellidae.

C. NEVILLI, Try on. PI. 57, fig. 25.

Shell long and narrow, with a few narrow longitudinal ribs
separated by wide interspaces, and indistinct revolving striae ; a
groove below the suture of the upper whorls, becoming obsolete
near the last whorl ; outer lip acute, slightly emarginate at the
top, striated within. Length, 5 mill.

Mauritius.

Described by G. and H. Nevill as C. balteata, a name preoc-
cupied by Gould.

C. CLATHRATA, Brazier.

Shell ovately fusiform, yellowish white, polished, longitudinally
roundly ribbed, ribs smooth, interstices clathrate ; suture canal-
iculated, noduled above and below, whorls six, convex, the last
lower half transversely grooved on the back giving the surface
a noduled appearance; aperture white, nearly oblong-ovate,
columella straight, with thin lip, having three white nodules,
peristome thin at edge, thickened internally, having eight
tubercles, the second upper one prominent, somewhat lirate,
sinuate at the upper part, canal short, narrow.

L. 7, diam. 4 mill.

Katow, New Guinea, 7 fms., sandy mud bottom (Brazier).

An unfigured species with which I am unacquainted.

C. ISOMELLA, Duclos. PI. 57, fig. 26.

Shell clathrate by longitudinal ribs and revolving striae ; white,
variegated with orange-brown ; lip thickened, smooth within.

Length, 11 mill.

Habitat unknown.

This ajid the several following species have been figured and
named by Duclos, but not described, nor recognized by subse-
quent monographers. The present species may possibly be a
small Pleurotomid.

174 SEMINELLA.

C. LINIGERA, DlldoS. PI. 57, fig. 27.

Shell of the general character of the preceding species, but
narrower, with stronger ribs and slightly dentate within the

aperture. Length, 6 mill.

Habitat unknown.

C. OXYLLIA, Duclos. PI. 57, fig. 28.

Shell broad ovate, spire and upper portion of body-whorl
strongly ribbed ; with revolving striae below, becoming obsolete
on the middle and upper portion of the body-whorl ; lip with
an external varix, strongly dentate within ; yellowish brown

maculated with chestnut. Length, 5+ mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. ACLEONTA, Duclos. PI. 58, fig. 31.

Shell longitudinally ribbed, with revolving striae at the base ;
light chestnut-color ; columella tuberculated, outer lip dentate
within. Length, 9 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Perhaps a variety of C. oxyllia.

C. CLEDONIDA, Duclos. PL 58, fig. 29.

Shell with tabulated whorls, biangulated on the body-whorl,
and nodulated on the angle, longitudinally ribbed, crossed by
impressed striae; yellowish brown. Length, 4'5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. RUMILIA, Duclos. PI. 58, fig. 30.

Shell with distant well-rounded whorls, and distant rounded
ribs crossed by revolving, narrow riblets, contracted into a short
open canal below ; inner lip slightly plicate, outer lip dentate
within ; brown, darker on the ribs. Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. PROSYMNIA, Duclos. PL 58, fig. 32.

Form and sculpture of the shell very like the preceding
species ; but the ribs are flatter, the revolving riblets replaced
by striae or grooves forming smaller tubercles between the inter-
sections, outer lip more strongly dentate within ; chestnut-
colored. Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.

C. ANATDEA, Duclos. PL 58, fig. 33.

Shell with elevated spire, moderately convex whorls and well-
impressed sutures ; longitudinally ribbed, the ribs becoming

SEMINELLA. 175

evanescent towards the middle of the body-whorl ; with fine
revolving striae, most conspicuous towards the base ; lip thick-
ened and strongly toothed within; yellowish white.

Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.
Possibly a fossil, or water-worn if recent.

C. ORTIGIA, Duclos. PL 58, fig. 34.

Differs but little from C. anaidea, Duclos ; the teeth within
the outer lip are finer and more numerous. Length, 6 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. NEPTUNIA, Duclos.. PL 58, fig. 35.

Shell clathrate by longitudinal and revolving riblets ; aperture
rather large, the outer lip toothed within ; chocolate-brown.

Length, 5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. ORTONIA, Duclos. PL 58, fig. 36.

Shell white, covered by nodules formed by the intersection of
close longitudinal and spiral sculpture ; aperture slightly toothed

within. Length, 9 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Much resembles C. prosymnia, described above.

C. SEGESTA, Duclos. PL .58, fig. 37.

Shell ovate-oblong with shouldered whorls, and distant,
rounded, longitudinal ribs and revolving striae in the interstices,
becoming continuous towards the base of the body-whorl where
the ribs are evanescent ; aperture contracted by a columellar
callus and the outer lip into a short oblique anterior canal; outer
lip with small teeth on the inner margin ; yellowish with a
chestnut band covering the shoulder and a narrower, interrupted
one on the periphery of the last whorl. Length, 5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. TESTINA, Duclos. PL 58, fig. 38.

Shell ovate, with conical spire, last whorl obtusely angulated
on the periphery, where the longitudinal ribs apparently become
subnodulous, those of the spire forming nodules above the
sutures ; grayish or yellowish white, the nodules chocolate or
blackish; outer lip widely sinuated behind, denticulated within.

Length, 7 mill.

Habitat unknown.

176 SEMINELLA.

C. STRIATULA, Dunker. PI. 5.8, fig. 39.

Shell subcylindrical, with acuminated and sharp-pointed spire,
closely longitudinally plicate, the plicae sometimes becoming
obsolete towards the middle of the body-whorl, with close
revolving striae crossing over the ribs, but strongest towards the
base of the shell ; lip varicosely thickened externally and slightly
plicate within; yellowish, with chestnut fascicles at the sutures
and one or two bands of oblique chestnut spots.

L. 1*5 mill., diam. 2*5 mill.

TaTieiti.

Described from specimens which formed a portion of the
original collection of this species.

C. COSTELLIFERA, Pease.

Shell oblong-ovate, longitudinally ribbed; ribs about twenty,
close, compressedly rounded, extending the whole length of the
whorls, very slightly constricted beneath the sutures ; whorls
five, plano-convex; aperture rather wide; sinus open, on the
central third of the lip ; base subtruncate ; canal very short ;
ribs grayish white : interstices sometimes reddish brown ; last
whorl partially banded or irregularly painted with reddish

brown. L. 5, diam. 2 mill.

Polynesia.
Unfigured, and unknown to me by specimens,

C. SULCOSA, Sdwb. PI. 58, fig. 40.

Shell lead-black, with distant, sharp, longitudinal, lighter-
colored ribs, often appearing continuous from apex to base,
interstices sometimes showing revolving striae ; aperture choco-
late, the lip notched behind, minutely denticulate within.

Length, 8 mill.

Panama; Annaa and Lord Hood's Islands (Cuming).

C. MOESTA, C. B Adams. PI. 58, fig, 41.

Shell very dark chocolate-color, obliquely closely ribbed, the
interstices with revolving striae; the ribs disappear upon the
upper portion of the body-whorl and the striae become con-
tinuous; lip externally varicose, notched behind, crenulated

within. Length, 7 '5 mill.

Panama.

Possibly only a narrow variety of C. niyricam, Sowb.

SEMINELLA. If?

C. GUATEMALENSIS, Reeve. PL 58, figs. 42, 43.

Shell wide ovate, closely ribbed, decussated by revolving
linear grooves ; yellowish white, with a superior band of tessel-
lated brown spots, and another broader one below the periphery ;
aperture chocolate, lip dentate within. Length, f-5 mill.

Guatemala (Reeve) ; Panama (C. B. Adams).

This is the C. tessellata of C. B. Adams (fig. 43), not Gaskoin.

C. DIMINUTA, C. B. Adams. PI. 58, fig. 44.

Shell minute, cancellated by longitudinal ribs and revolving
striae ; yellowish, tinged or maculated with chestnut, with the
base stained chestnut or chocolate. Length, 3-4 mill.

Panama (Adams) ; Mazatlan (Carpenter).

Anachis rufotincta, Carp., from the latter locality, is a
synonym.

C. PULCHRIOR, C. B. Adams. PL 58, fig. 45.

Shell thin, subpellucid, smooth ; yellowish, with chestnut
blotches and minute dots arranged in quincunx order, the colors
fascicled or filleted at the sutures ; lip rather sharp, thickened
and sinuated behind, with a few granules inside.

Length, 4'5 mill.

Panama.
C. UNDATA, Carpenter.

Shell small, turreted, the nuclear whorls smooth, tumid, with
mammillate apex, the others longitudinally ribbed, the ribs nine
in number, obsolete anteriorly and posteriorly, with distant
acute spiral lirae ; aperture oval, with a short, straight canal,
outer lip acute, not lirate within ; color reddish brown, under a
thin epidermis. L. -44, diam -2 in.

Catalina Island, Gal.

Operculum nassoid (?), the only one obtained was broken in
extracting it. The sculpture consists of elongated knobs swelling
in the middle ; with spiral lines hanging as it were from pier to
pier, as in a suspension bridge.

C. PENICILLATA, Carpenter. PL 58, fig. 46.

Shell small, Metuloid, turreted, yellowish, more or less marbled
with chestnut ; nuclear whorls two, helicoid, tumid, with mammil-
lary apex ; normal whorls six, convex, with rounded longitudinal
23

178 SEMI NELL A.

ribs crossed by strong spiral stripe ; aperture pyrilbrm, effuse
below, the lip posteriorly sinuate. Length, 4*5 mill.

Sta. Barbara, 8. Diego, Catalina I., California,

shore to ten fathoms.

Belongs to a small group of narrow elongated species inhab-
iting the West Coast of North America.

C. SUBTURRITA, Carpenter. PL 58, fig. 47.

Shell narrow, subcylindrical, consisting of seven moderately
convex whorls ; with close oblique longitudinal ribs and revolving
striae in the interstices ; yellowish to chocolate-brown ; aperture
small, broadly oval, the lip acute and smooth within.

Length, 4'5 mill.

Todas Santos Bay, L, California (Hemphill).
C. TINCTA, Carpenter.

An unfigured species, small, turreted, white, longitudinally
costate and spirally striate, tinged with reddish orange on the
costae ; aperture subquadrate, lip thickened in the middle.

L. 5 mill., diam. 2 mill.

Cape St. Lucas, L. California.

The only specimen I have seen of this species, is not in suffi-
ciently good condition for figuring. It is very narrowly cylin-
drical, with the aperture very small for the length of the shell.

C. FUSCOSTRIGATA, Carpenter.

Shell small, turreted, livid, shining, with a chestnut band ; sub-
obsoletely longitudinally ten-ribbed. L. -13, diam. -045 in.

Cape St. Lucas, L. California.

Described from a single specimen, which I have not seen.
Unfigured.

C. SERRATA, Carpenter.

Shell sculptured with undulated, indistinct, longitudinal ribs
and revolving striae, under a fimbriated epidermis ; fuscous,
maculated with purple. L. *28 in., diam. *13 in.

Mazatlan to Cape St. Lucas.
C. NIGROFUSCA, Carpenter.

Shell blackish-brown, with subundulated livid lines; whorls
flattened, with longitudinal ribs, the interstices and base of body-
whorl spirally striate ; lip varicose, sinuated behind, dentate

within. L. *4, diam. '15 inch.

Mazatlan.

SEMINELLA. 179

C. ALBONODOSA, Carpenter.

Shell greenish white, maculated and marked with zigzag lines
of chestnut, and maculated with white below the sutures ; whorls
flattened, obsoletely costate, and spirally striate towards the

base; lip dentate within. L. *13, diam. 063 in.

Mazatlan.

The above three minute species remain unfigured ; very few
specimens occurred.

C. STEARNSII, Tryon. PL 58, fig. 48.

Whorls five, convex; surface white, with fine revolving grooves
and no ribs ; lip simple, ribbed within. Length, -16 inch.

Tampa Bay, W. Florida.

Described by Mr. Stearns under the specific name of filosa,
preoccupied by Angas for an Australian species.

C. HORDEACEA, Philippi.

A minute, unfigured species, longitudinally costate and the
costre becoming evanescent upon the body-whorl which is striate
at the base ; orange-brown, with a darker central band ; lip

thickened and crenate within.

Red Sea.
Unidentified by subsequent explorers.

C. GUILDINGII, Sowb. PI. 58, figs. 49, 50.

Shell longitudinally ribbed, decussated with spiral striae, last
whorl with subangulated periphery; aperture ovate, sinuous,
finely denticulated within ; yellowish chestnut to dark chocolate,
strigate longitudinally with a darker shade of color, with a
central, irregular white band. Length, 8 mill.

West Indies.
C. CATENATA, Sowb. PI. 58, figs. 51-55.

Shell longitudinally ribbed, with revolving striae towards the
base ; ribs sometimes slightly nodulous at the sutures ; aperture
rather small, columella tuberculate, outer lip denticulated within
the simple margin; yellowish or light blush-color, tessellated or
interruptedly banded with chestnut. Length, 8-9 mill.

West Indies.

The typical state of this species shows two bands of spots,
more or less defined by darker borders, but the coloring is very
irregular, the bands being usually barely indicated by a closer

180 MITROPSIS, GONIDEA.

arrangement of spots and streaks which cover the entire surface.
The latter state is represented by C. mitrula ,Dunker (fig. 52), an
intermediate one by C. costulata, C. B. Ad. Other synonyms
are C. Antillarum, Reeve (fig. 53), C. scutulata, Reeve (fig. 54),
C. sparsa, Rve. (fig. 55).

C. VIRGINEA, Gould.

Shell minute, rhomboidally fusiform, with fourteen longitudinal
plications and a few anterior revolving striae ; whorls six, subtab-
ulate, with an impressed subsutural line ; aperture narrow, the

lip without teeth. L. 4, diam. 1 mill.
/ China Seas (Stimpson).

Unfigured. The types were probably destroyed in the great
Ohicago fire.

Section VIII. Mitropsis, Pease.

The only character in the description by which this group is
distinguished from Seminella is the plicate columella, yet these
plications appear in the figure of the only species to be con-
nected with the external basal grooving ; its distinctness from
Seminella must be considered doubtful. Pease described it as a
genus of Mitridse.

C. PAUMOTENSIS, Tryon. PL 58, fig. 56.

Shell fusiform, much attenuated at both ends, white, shining,
spire small, slender; whorls longitudinally ribbed ; ribs rather
remote, rounded, descending from the sutures, last whorl gibbous
on its right side ; transversely finely striate ; sutures widely and
deeply grooved ; base grooved transversely ; canal recurved,

columella four-plaited. Length, 7 mill.

Paumotus.

" The callosity bordering the inner lip gives it a Columbelloid
appearance." The above is Pease's description of Mitropsis
fusiformis: the specific name being preoccupied hi Columbella,
I am forced to change it.

*

Section IX. Conidea, Swainson.

Shell oval, mitriform, smooth, with' moderately elevated,
convex spire ; inner lip reflected in front ; outer lip incurved
and thickened in the middle and crenulate within.

CONIDEA. 181

C. OVULATA, Lam. PL 59, figs. 57, 58.

Shell covered with fine revolving striae ; dark chocolate-color
irregularly spotted, clouded or strigated with white.

Length, 12-15 mill.

West Indies, on pieces of madrepore, stony ground,

1 to 2 feet water.

Many specimens are proportionally narrower than my figure ;
I have also before me a narrow variety (C. ovuloittea, C. B. Ad.,
fig. 58), in which the color is light chestnut, the white markings
usually including an irregular central band.

C. OBTUSA, Sowb. PI. 59, figs. 59, 60.

Shell oblong-cylindrical, with an obtuse but sharp-pointed
spire, smooth ; roseate or yellowish with chestnut spots or zigzag
lines ; sometimes chestnut, with zigzag lines and reticulations of
yellowish white ; epidermis thin, translucent, finely ridged ;
interior of aperture violet or purple. Length, 12-16 mill.

Viti and other Polynesian Islands.

C. MARMOBATA, Gray. PI. 59, figs. 61, 62.

Shell fulvous orange, with irregular white markings.
Length, 11-14 mill. .

South Australia (Angas); Philippines (Curaing);

Viti Islands (Garrett).

Distinguished .from the last species at once by its ''form and
more simple coloring.

C. DORMITOR, Sowb. PI. 59, fig. 63.

Shell closely marked by revolving striae ; violaceous, under a
smooth, semitransparent chestnut epidermis. Length, 8 mill.

West Indies.
C. EGERr'A, Duclos. PL 59, fig. 64.

Shell yellowish, clouded with light chestnut ; body-whorl some-
what folded on the back, beneath the suture. Length, 13 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. TRINGA, Lam. PL 59, figs. 65, 66.

Oblong, cylindrical, smooth, under a very thin epidermis ;
white, with chocolate spots and stripes, usually arranged in a
zigzag longitudinal manner. Length, -7-1 inch.

New Caledonia; Viti Islands; Japan.

A minor variety of this species, the adults not exceeding -7

182 CONIDEA.

inch in length, appears to be a connecting form with (7. pardalina,
var. sagena. Voluta tringa of Linnaeus and of Lamarck's first
edition is a difficult species to make out; it has been referred,
with some justice," to Mitra. In the second edition of Lam.,
Deshayes repeats the original description, including the three-
plicate columella, but decides that the shell is a Columbella. I do
not think he had good grounds for this decision, but as the shell
I herein figure has become known to conchologists under this
specific name and authority it appears more convenient to con-
tinue to use them. C. undata, Duclos (fig. 66), is a synonym.

C. FLAVA, Brug. PI. 59, figs. 67-72.

Shell cylindrically oblong, smooth, with revolving striae towards
the base, covered by a thin epidermis ; orange-brown to choco-
late, spotted and blotched with white, interior of aperture
usually more or less violaceous. Length, '75-1 '1 inches.

Indian Ocean, Japan, Mauritius, New Caledonia, Polynesia.

I figure two well-marked types of coloring in this species ; it
is ver}' variable, approaching C. tringa on the one side and G.
discors on the other, and it is not unlikely that these, as well as
several other allied species, will eventually be consolidated. G.
punctata, Sowb. (fig. 69), C. lugubris, Kiener (fig. 70), C. funi-
culata, Souv. (fig. 71 \ are synonyms. G. rubicundula, Quoy
(fig. 72), may possibly belong here ; it is unknown to me except
through the description and (apparently) poor figure.

C. DISCORS, Gmelin. PI. 59, figs. 73-77.

Shell obovate, with short, conically convex spire; chestnut-
colored or orange-red, spotted or interruptedly strigate with
white, with frequently a few larger white spots and a broad
orange sutural band ; interior of aperture often violaceous.

Length, '75-1 inch.

East Africa, Borneo, Japan, Philippines, New Guinea.

The synonyms are C. semipunctata, Lam. (fig. 74), C. splendi-
dula, Sowb. (fig. 75), G. zelina, Duclos, (fig. 77).

C. EUSTOMA, Jousseaume. PI. 59, fig. 78.

Shell oblong, obesely acuminate, smooth, shining, white macu-
lated with chestnut ; aperture violet-tinted. Length, 15 mill.

Habitat unknown.

The figure appears to represent a shell of abnormal growth.

META, STROMBINA. 183

Section X. Meta, Reeve.

Shell coniform, with short, conic spire ; aperture narrow,
linear ; outer lip nearly straight, crenulated within.

C. PHILIPPINARUM, Reeve. PL 59, figs. 79-82; PL 60, figs.

83-87.

Shell white, with longitudinal zigzag lines and spots of
chestnut, sometimes widened and darkened so as to form an
interrupted superior revolving band ; aperture usually white

within. Length, '75-1-1 inches.

Batavta, Philippines.

With this species I unite C. epamella, Duclos (fig. 81). The
following are all probable varieties of C. Philippinarum.

Var. CONIFORMIS, Sowb. Fig. 82.

Whorls rather sharply angled at the upper part, the spire
superficially channeled ; white, closely reticulated with chestnut

or chocolate. Length, I'l inches.

Habitat unknown.
Var. CEDO-NULLI, Reeve. Figs. 83-87.

Shell chestnut, conspicuously blotched with white, sometimes
forming a sutural band of alternating white and chestnut spots.
C. Dupontise, Kiener (fig. 84), and C. macrostoma, Anton (fig. 85)
appear to be synonyms ; the latter not fully adult.

Yar. DUBIA, Sowb. Figs. 86, 87.

Shell orange or rosy orange, sometimes with a central band of
white and chestnut spots.

Section XL St'Ombina, Morch.

Shell fusiform, turriculated ; spire elevated, sharp; whorls
gibbous, nodulous ; inner lip with a rather thick callus ; outer
lip thick, sinuous behind ; anterior canal well formed. The
group is characteristic of the warm and tropical seas of the
West Coast of America.

C. BICANALIFERA, Sowb. PL 60, fig. 88.

Shell smooth, spirally grooved at the base; lip expanded and
margined externally, thickened and finely crenulated within,
rostrated posteriorly and separated from the body-whorl by a
deep channel ; pale livid, longitudinally painted with waved

184 STROMBINA.

chestnut lines, external lip-margin chestnut, interior of aperture

pale violaceous. Length. 12-15 mill.

Panama, Galapagos Is.

C. GIBBERULA, Sowb. PL 60, fig. 90 ; PL 63, fig. U.

Body-whorl with callous humps on the back and side ; these
are wrhite, the rest of the surface having a reticulation of chestnut
lines on a yellowish white surface ; lip varicosely thickened exter-
nally, smooth or slightly crenulated within. Length, 12-16 mill.
W. Coast of Central America; Payta, Peru (d'Orb.).

C. CALLOSIUSCULA, Tapparone-Canefri.

Shell fusiform, solid, shining, luteo-corneous, marked with
chestnut, subpellucid ; whorls irregularly longitudinally strigate
or subcostulate, the last gibbous and callous on the back, sulcate
at the base; lip thickened and white externally, slightly dentate

in the middle internally. L. 9, diam. 3'66 mill.

Papuan Islands.

Un figured. Closely allied to the preceding, but smaller, nar-
rower, without side callus, etc.

C. ALBERTISII, Tapparone-Canefri.

Resembling the preceding species, but larger ; luteo-corneous,
with an articulated zone of chestnut and white at the suture, and
two narrower chestnut zones below, marked longitudinally with
irregular, interrupted chestnut lines. L. 11, diam. 4 mill.

Papuan Islands.

Unfigured. Somewhat larger and differently colored from C.
callosiuscula.

C. CLAVULTJS, Sowb. PL 60, fig. 89.

Shell yellowish white, with zigzag or reticulated markings of
chestnut or chocolate; outer lip externally greatly thickened,
the posterior canal sometimes in advance of the posterior end,
this displacement apparently caused by a callous thickening of
the hind part of the parietal wall. Length, 23 mill.

Bay of Montija, W. Coast Centr. Am. 17 fins. (Cuming).

Described as a Pleurotoma, but the position of the sinus
appears to be merely accidentally displaced by the development
of the callus. I am somewhat doubtful whether this is really
distinct from the next species.

STROMBINA. 185

C. DORSATA, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 9.1.

Yellowish white, maculated and closely longitudinally marked
with flexuous or zigzag chestnut lines ; aperture externally
callously thickened, with a corresponding thickening on the
opposite side of the body-whorl, and a hump on its back.

Length, -8-1-1 inches.

West Coast of Columbia; Central America.

G. gibberula, very much resembles this species, but is much
smaller.

C. PAVONINA, Hinds. PL 60, figs. 92, 93.

Shell yellowish white, longitudinally, flexuously striped and
strigated with chocolate; striate towards the base, which is
narrowed and recurved ; lip callously thickened externally,

denticulate within. Length, 22 mill.

Panama.
C. Haneti, Petit (fig. 93), is a synonym.

C. NIVEA, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 94.

Whorls strongly plicate, with the interstices and base striate;
white. Length, 19 mill.

Habitat unknown.

Reeve acknowledges that this is not a very satisfactory species.
I am inclined to think it a distorted growth of C. pavonina, as
in that species some of the growth-lines are incipient plications
and the superior striae are sometimes recognizable with a glass.
It was probably beach-worn.

C. BOURJOTIANA, Crosse. PI. 60, fig. 95.

Shell smooth, white, with light chestnut undulated longitudinal
lines ; aperture light yellowish, white-margined, nearly eden-
tulous within. Length, 14 mill.

Habitat unknown.
C. PULCHERRIMA, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 96.

Shell spirally ridged and longitudinally plicated, the spire
acuminated, with a sharp apex ; yellowish brown, the ridges
tinged with chestnut; lip thickened, strongly dentate within.
Length, 23 mill.

Gulf of Dulce, Central America.

Described from a single specimen, dredged by Mr. Cuming
from sandy mud at a depth of ten fathoms. It is remarkably
distinct from all its congeners.
24

186 STROMBINA.

C. MACULOSA, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 97.

Whorls tubercularly coronated ; white reticulated with chest-
nut. Length, 1 inch.

West Coast of Central America to Cape St. Lucas.

C. ELEGANS, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 98.

Shell regularly and somewhat closely longitudinally ribbed,
with revolving striae towards the base ; yellowish white, longi-
tudinally marked with chestnut zigzag lines ; aperture white,
outer lip strongly dentate within. Length, 1/5 inches.

Guacomayo, W. Co. Central America, in sandy mud.

C. TURRITA, Sowb. PL 60, figs. 99, 100.

Shell smooth ; yellowish white, closely reticulated with chest-
nut, articulated at the suture ; aperture whitish, without teeth.
Length, 35 mill.

West Coast of Central America, in coarse gravel and sand

at 10 fathoms (Cuming).

Sowerby has figured a pale variety of this species (fig. 100),
in which the color-markings are sharply angular.

C. ANGULARIS, Sowb. PI. 60, fig. 1.

Whorls with strong longitudinal ribs, the last one with an
angulated periphery, below which the ribs become obsolete and
are replaced by revolving striae ; aperture strongly dentate
within ; yellowish white, stained with chestnut. Length, 32 mill.

Panama.

Described from a single specimen obtained by Mr. Cuming.
I suspect that several of the species of this group will prove to
be mere variations of a single type when a sufficient series has
been obtained to study them properly.

C. SUBULATA, Sowb. PL 60, fig. 2.

Whorls with a narrow shoulder defined by a carina, covered
by revolving striae; lip externally thickened, strongly and
numerously dentate within ; epidermis yellowish, stained with
light chestnut. Length, 1-5 inches. Habitat unknown.

Described many years ago from a single specimen and yet
remaining unique. The carina indicates abnormal growth. The
specific name is preoccupied by Duclos for a species which he
figured without description and which has not been subsequently
identified.

STROMBINA. 187

C. RECURVA, Sowerby. PL 60, figs. 3, 4 ; PL 61, fig. 7.
Shell yellowish white, more or less stained with chestnut.

Length, 1-1-1 -5 inches.

W. Coast of Central America.

With this I unite C. lanceolata, Sowb. (fig. 4), and C. fusi-
formis, Hinds (fig. 7), the distinctive characters of those species
being included in the range of variation exhibited by a large
series of C. recurva.

C. TERQUEMI, Jousseaume. PL 61, fig. 8.

Shell yellowish brown ; whorls eight, the first four rather
smooth, the others longitudinally costate and spirally striate,
the last gibbous above, the costae disappearing below the
shoulder on which they form tubercles ; lip thickened externally,
bituberculate within. Length, 19 mill. Habitat unknown.

Described from a single specimen in Dr. Jousseaume's col-
lection.

C. PUMILTO, Reeve. PL 60, fig. 6.

Shell fusiform, thick, rather gibbous, spire turreted, whorls
rudely angled and noduled, nodules on the last whorl swollen,
irregular; whitish, faintly tinged with orange-brown; aperture
narrow, lip thickly varicose, obtusely denticulated within.

Length, '75 inch. Cumana, Venezuela (Dyson).

Very closely allied to C. recurva, but of shorter growth, more
humped, and more irregularly noduled ; and from its habitat
there is also reason to believe it distinct. The figure represents
a reversed specimen and it is (except that of C. nivea) the only
reversed figure that I have noticed. The above description is
copied from Reeve -, the locality is very doubtful. It appears to
be closely related to C. Terquemi, Jouss., described above.

Undetermined Species of Columbella.

C. DIGITALE, Lesson ; C. CLATHRA, Lesson. Sandwich Islands.
C. PULICARIS, Lesson. Marquesas Islands.

C. APTKLEGERA, Lesson. Acapulco.

C. AMPLA, Lesson. Gambier Islands.

C. BUCCINOIDES, Lesson. W. Coast of Central America.

C. NIVEA, CINGULATA, FUSIFORMIS, PURPUROIDES and RETUSA,

Anton. -All without locality.

188 ALCIRA, jESOPUS, ENGINA.

Genus ALCIRA, H. Adams.

The single species of this group is readily distinguished from
other Columbellae by its somewhat expanded, simple lip and
oblique columellar fold.

A. ELEGANS, H. Adams. PI. 61, fig. 9.

Shell elongate, reddish-brown; whorls six, slightly convex,
transversely striated (the striae stronger and more numerous on
the basal portion of the last whorl), variegated with darker
markings, and with some lighter spots next the suture; aperture
equaling the spire in length. Length, 12-15 mill.

Cape of Good Hope.

Genus JESOPUS, Gould.

Shell fusiform, gibbous, widely truncate in front ; aperture
lunate, with a posterior callus, columella simple, vitreous ; suture
abnormally arcuate near the aperture. Animal white, emarginate
anteriorly, obtuse posteriorly, bearing a flabelliform corneous
operculum ; head small, with short obtuse tentacles ; eyes median,
external ; siphon broad and very short. The curious curve of
the suture near the posterior angle of the aperture, as if it had
been drawn backward, thereby pulling back this angle and
curving the last whorl downward, is very peculiar. The form
and aspect of the shell, and the structure of the animal, indicate
its place to be intermediate between Mitra and Columbella.

JB. JAPONICUS, Gould.

Shell small, with seven somewhat tumid whorls, plicate poste-
riorly, covered by revolving striae ; last whorl widely truncate,
oval, three-fifths the length of the shell ; aperture lunate, the lip
reflected, columella with a wide, vitreous, suberect lamina ;
chestnut-colored, lighter around the sutures. L. 7, diam. 2 mill.
Kagosima Bay, Japan; 5 fms., sandy bottom (Stimpson).

CTnfigured.

Genus ENGINA, Gray.

Shell ovate-conic ; spire sharp, with longitudinal nodulous
ribs, decussated by revolving lines or riblets ; aperture narrow,
with several oblique plications in front; outer lip thickened,
internally toothed, gibbous and grooved posteriorly.

ENGINA. 189

E. NODULOSA, Pease. PI. 61, fig. 10.

Shell dark chocolate, encircled by a narrow, white central
band ; aperture bluish white. Length, 15 mill.

Ebon Tsl,, Polynesia.
E. CARBONARIA, Reeve. PL 61, figs. 11-13.

Shell whitish, crossed by dark chocolate longitudinal tubercular
ribs ; aperture often salmon-colored. Length, 15-18 mill.

Philippines (Cuming); Panama (C. B. Adams);

Galapagos Is. (Wimmer).

E.forticostaia, Reeve (tig. 12), and E. crocostoma, Reeve (fig.
13), are synonyms.

E. ASTRICTA, Reeve. PI. 61, figs. 14, 15.

Shell yellowish white, with low rounded longitudinal ribs, and
close, narrow, dark chestnut revolving riblets. Length, 15 mill.
Andaman Is. (E. A. Smith); Mauritius (von Martens).

E. leucozia, Duclos (fig. 15) appears to be identical. Eicinula
iostoma, Reeve (Man. II, 188, t. 58, f. 248) is also possibly a
synonym.

E. ALVEOLATA, Kiener. PL 61, figs. 16-20.

Shell longitudinally ribbed, ribs cut into tubercles by revolving
grooves ; yellowish white, with alternate interrupted revolving
bands of chocolate and orange, each usually tipping the tubercles
only, and of the width of two tubercles ; aperture yellowish to
dark chocolate. Length, 15-18 mill.

Philippine, Viti, Caroline Is., Australia (Brazier).

The usual coloration of the species, as described above, is
represented by E. lauta, Reeve (fig. 18), the figures of E. alveolata
given by Kiener (figs. 16, 17) being without the orange bands.
E. alveolata of Reeve, Carpenter, etc., is a very different species.
Other synonyms are E. histrio, Reeve (fig. 19) and E. trifasciata,
Reeve (fig. 20) — the latter a scarcely distinguishable variety, in
which the decussation is not so strongly marked as in the
typical form.

E. ZEPA, Duclos. PL 61, fig. 21.

Shell yellowish white, the tuberculations of the longitudinal
ribs colored by alternate revolving bands of dark chocolate and

orange. Length, 6 mill.

Habitat unknown.

190 ENGINA.

Figured and named but not described. It is very much smaller
than the last species, but otherwise so greatly resembles it that I
suspect it to be the same. This and the following several species
figured by Duclos have not been identified by any subsequent
conchologist.

E. IODOSIA, Duclos. PI. 61, fig. 22.

Yellowish, with a superior white band, having the width of
three tubercles on the body-whorl, and of one tubercle on those
of the spire. Length, 6*5 milL ^ «££^ .

jtfat&l^rfrA^vt^. SkjU"**^*' 7***+*** Habitat unknown.

Very like the preceding species in sculpture, but differs in
coloring and in the aperture.

E. MONILIFERA, Pease. PI. 61, fig. 26.

Shell covered with close, large, rounded longitudinal ribs, cut
into large tubercles by revolving grooves ; yellowish brown.

Length, 1 mill.

Sandwich Isles (Pease) ; Solomon Is. (Brazier).

Very probably = E. iodosia, Duclos. Specimens from the
latter locality are stated by Mr. E. A. Smith to have a median
purplish band, with three spiral rows of tubercles, yellow,
including the first, fifth and seventh rows.

J
E. TELEA, Duclos. PL 61, fig. 23.

Gray, with several interrupted dark red revolving lines.

Length, 6 mill.

Habitat unknown.
E. ANAKTSIA, Duclos. PL 61, fig. 24.

Grayish white, with some dark red spots on the tuberculations.

Length, 4'5 mill.

Habitat unknown.

The outer lip is very peculiarly thickened and sculptured—
otherwise the species much resembles E. telea. The spire has
lost the apex, by erosion, apparently.

E. EPIDELIA, Duclos. PL 61, fig. 25.

Gray, with very dark chocolate spots on the rather distant
ribs, forming three interrupted bands. Length, 12 mill.

Habitat unknown.

ENG1NA. . 191

E. SATORIDA, Duclos. PI. 61, fig. 27.

Ribs rather distant, prominent, well-rounded ; dark chestnut,
with numerous narrow, nearly black revolving lines.

Length, 5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
E. NUMICIA, Duclos. PI. 62, fig. 28.

Yellowish brown, with three chocolate bands. Length, 6 mill.
E. REEVEI, Tryon. PI. 62, fig. 29.

Yellowish white, ribs marked with chocolate, forming inter-
rupted revolving bands. Length, 16 mill.

Panama to Cape St. Lucas, L. Cal., Australia (Brazier).

Figured by Reeve as Ricinula alveolata, Kiener — a very dif-
ferent species. The Australian habitat is given upon the
authority of an excellent conchologist.

E. BELLA, Reeve. PL 62, figs. 30-32.

Spire conically acuminate, base of aperture contracted, elon-
gated and recurved ; roseate, with two broad chestnut bands,
within which the tubercles are lighter. Length, 20 mill.
Philippines (Cuming); Polynesia (Pease);

Lord Hood's Isl. (Cuming); Solomon's Is. (Brazier).

I include in the synonymy E. recurva, Reeve (fig. 31), and
E. fragaria, Wood (fig. 32). I have alread}^ described and
figured this species as a Peristernia (vol. iii, 82), but reproduce
it here, as the generic characters are not very strongly marked,
and some good conchologists prefer to consider it an Engina.

E. PULCHRA, Reeve. PI. 62, fig. 33.

Shell gibbous, angularly shouldered, strongly ribbed, crossed
by revolving riblets ; violet-brown, with a light central band.

Length, 15-18 mill. Panama, Galapagos Is.

It is E. JReeveana, C. R. Ad. Mr. Pease writes : * " I have
received from Dr. P. P. Carpenter a specimen from the Gala-
pagos Islands, labeled 'Type of (Sistrum) ochrostoma,' and also
one from Cape St. Lucas, described by him as ' ochrostoma, var.
rufonotata."1 They differ widely from the Polynesian ochro-
stoma, Blainv., belonging to another genus — Engina. The type
agrees with the description of Buccinum, pulchrum, Reeve, col-
lected by Cuming at the Galapagos Is."

* Am. Jour. Conch., iv, 116.

192 . ENGINA.

E. ROSEA, Reeve. PI. 62, figs. 34, 35.

Rose-color zoned with dark chocolate ; aperture rose-color.

Length, 15-21 mill.

West Indies; Philippines (Cuming).

E. Schrammi, Crosse (fig. 35), was described from a small
specimen 9 mill. long. The West Indian habitat Is attested
by specimens before me from three different islands ; that of the
Philippines needs confirmation. When the shell becomes water-
worn, the pink coloring has changed to white, the dark chocolate
to light chestnut.

E. RUTILA, I^eeve. PL 62, fig. 36.

Shell grayish pink, with dark chocolate zones.

Length, 21 mill. Habitat unknown.

I suspect that this will prove a synonym of the preceding
species.

E. DEFORMIS, Reeve. PI. 62, fig. 37.

Alternately banded with reddish yellow and brown.
Length, IT mill. HaUtat unknown.

I think this will also prove to be a synonym of E. rosea.

E. FARINOSA, Gould. PI. 62, fig. 40.

Distantly longitudinally ribbed, and spirally granularly
striated ; yellowish brown, with indistinct dusky bands.

Length, 15 mill. Sandwich Islands.

Hindsia angicostata, Pease, and Triton eleyans, Thompson,
are synonyms. The latter was said to have been discovered
living in Dublin Bay, an obvious error.

E. TURBINELLA, Kiener. PI. 62, figs. 38, 39.

Spire conical, with a row of tubercles above the suture, the
latter forming an angle on the last whorl, and below it several
thin raised lines which are sometimes subnodulous ; surface
between these lines, and on the spire covered with fine revolving
strise ; dark chocolate, the tubercles, and occasionally the inferior
nodules white ; aperture usually chocolate, with the teeth white.

Length, 15 mill.

West Indies.

Engina elegans, Gray, an unfigured species, may almost
certainly be assigned here.

OLIVIDyE.

I'LATB 38.

27

-to

50

44

OL1VID.E.

PLATE 34.

OLIVID^B.

PLATE 85.

74

OLIVFDJ'].

PLATE 36,

92

ANCILLAKIINjE.

PLATE 37

19

20

25

24

ANCILLAKIINJB,

PLATE 38.

ANCILLAKIiN.E.

PLATE 39.

44

HARFJD^E.

PLATE 40.

63

64

HARPTD/E.

PLATE 41

COLUMBKLLIDJ3.

PLATE 42.

15

18

20

COLUMB ELLIPSE

PLATE 43.

COLUMBELLID.*;

PLATE 44.

COLUMBKLLWjK.

PLATE 45.

89 100

COLUMBELLIDJG.

PLATE 46

33 99

COLUMBKLLIDJ3.

PLATE 47.

GOLUMBKLLIDJ3.

PLATE 48

ENGINA, 193

E. OONTRACTA, Reeve. PL 62, figs. 41, 42.

Shell yellowish brown, interior of aperture white or rosy, teeth
white. Length, 13-18 mill.

Panama and St. Elena> W. Columbia, under stones (Cuming).

I do not find any good distinctive characters in the figure of
E. acuminata, Reeve (fig. 42).

E. EXIMTA, Reeve. PI. 62, fig. 43.

Shell fusiform, spire acuminated, whorls rounded, concentri-
cally finely ribbed, elegantly cancellated with delicate ridges ;
yellowish white, ridges brown in zones between the ribs.

Length, 22 mill.

Manilla, in coarse sand at 6 fathoms (Cuming).
The pertinence of this species to Engina may well be doubted.

E. FUSIFORMTS, Pease. PL 62, fig. 44.

Shell white or 3rellowish, the nodules varying from chestnut
to nearly black, with a central white band, and sometimes others
at the suture and towards the base ; occasionally the tubercles
near the base are irregularly variegated black and white ; lips of
aperture dark-colored. Length, 15-18 mill.

Rowland IsL, Viti Isles.

It is a narrower form than E. alveolata, Kiener,but is possibly
only a variety of that species. I have before me specimens with
the nodules chestnut-colored and a central white band which I
suppose to be identical with the unfigured E. albocincta, Pease.

E. OSELMONTA, Duclos. PL 62, fig. 45.

Shell longitudinally ribbed ; orange-brown, with darker spots

forming revolving series. Length, t'5 mill.

Habitat unknown.
E. AURANTIA, Duclos. PL 62, fig. 46.

Surface of shell decussated into close, prominent tubercles ;

orange-brown. Length, 9 mill.

Habitat unknown.
E. GIBBOSA, Garrett. PL 62, fig. 47.

Shell yellowish brown, gibbous in the middle, constricted
below ; spire and upper part of body-whorl with distant ribs,
whole surface covered by prominent revolving lirae ; aperture

yellowish within. Length, 8 mill.

Viti Islands.

I figure this from one of several specimens obligingly furnished
25

194 ENGINA.

by Mr. Gai^rett. Except in its much smaller size it much
resembles E. contracta, Reeve.

E. FUNICULATA, Reeve. PI. 62, figs. 48, 49.

Shell short, obese, with longitudinal ribs cut into tubercles by
revolving grooves ; black, interstices of the ribs yellowish.

Length, 12-15 mill.

Howland Isl.

The principal distinctive character appears to be the short,
obese form. E. ovata, Pease (fig. 48), is a synon}rm.

E. LINEATA, Reeve'. PI. 62, figs. 50, 51.

Shell short, ovate, solid, longitudinally nodosely plicated, white,
encircled by several lead-black narrow lines. Length, 11 mill.

Philippines, N. Australia, Viti Isles, etc.

T'his is possibly the C. nana of Pillw., which Deshayes con-
cedes to be the same as C. zonalis, Lam. The figure in Martini
referred to in the descriptions of these species is not sufficient^
well-done to banish doubt on the subject.

Var. MACULATA, Pease (fig. 51), is scarcely entitled to a varietal
name.

E. ZONATA, Reeve. PL 63, fig. 52.

White, with dark chocolate or black bands, sometimes inter-
rupted by the ribs. Length, 13 mill.

Galapagos Is. (Cuming); Viti and Paumotus Is. (Garrett);

Solomon's Is. (Brazier); Aracan (Hanley).

E. CONCINNA, Reeve. PI. ^3, fig. 54.

Longitudinally flatly ribbed, ribs very finely noduled, white,
conspicuously encircled with brown bands in which the nodules
are white, edge of the lip orange-red. Length, 15 mill.

Gagayan, Isl. of Mindanao, Philippines,

under stones at low water (Cuming).

Much resembles the preceding species, and is, perhaps, only
a slim variety of it.

E. ARMILLATA, Reeve. PI. 63, fig. 59.

With a nodulous keel on the upper part of the whorls,
nodosely ribbed beneath, interstices smooth ; whitish, the nodules
alternately white and black in zones, nodules of the keel

yellowish.

Isl. of Ticao, Philippines.

ENGINA. 195

The ground of coloring, according to Reeve's figure, is dark, •
with a single white band. The figure is evidentry magnified, but
no dimensions are indicated. I think it will prove synonymous
with E. concinna. Reeve.

E. PARVA, Pease. PI. 63, fig. 55.

White, encircled by chocolate or black lines upon alternate
rows of nodules and sometimes interrupted by the interstices ;
nodules frequently prominently sharp-pointed. Length, G mill.

Paumotus Is.
E. NODICOSTATA, Pease. PI. 63, figs. 56, 57.

Two of the revolving series of tubercles are more prominent
than the others at the crossings of the longitudinal ribs, so that
the body-whorl appears somewhat Biangulated ; chestnut to
chocolate-color in the interstices, the nodules white.

Length, G'5-9 mill.

Paumotus Is. (Pease); Viti Is. (Garrett).

E. variabilis, Pease (fig. 57), is certainly a synonym, and I am
almost persuaded of the identity of the form described by Pease
from a single specimen as E. striata.

E. STRIATA, Pease. PI. 63, fig. 58.

Shell somewhat angular in the middle, obsoletely longitudi-
nally ribbed, encircled b}' two prominent nodose ribs, somewhat
compressed, the whole surface deeply and regularly striate
transversely, forming close-set ribs ; columella straight ; white,
left side of the longitudinal ribs striped interruptedly with dark

brown, aperture light purple. Lengfh, 8 mill.

Paumotus.
E. TUBERCULOSA, Pease. PI. 63, fig. 60.

Obsoletely longitudinally ribbed, decussated into tubercles by
strong revolving grooves ; black, with a median white band.

Length, 7-9 mill.

Baker Island.

The figure is from one of several specimens received from Mr.
Pease.

E. PYROSTOMA, Sowb. Panama and Galapagos Is.

E. MAURA, Sowb. Panama and Galapagos.

E. LTVIDA, Sowb. Panama.

The above were described, but not figured, fifty years ago, and
have escaped subsequent monographers ; they are unknown to me.

196 PUSIOSTOMA, COLUMBELLINA.

E. ZONATA, Gray. § Atlantic Ocean.

This is also a lost species.
E. XANTHOLEUCA, E. A. Smith. PI. 63, fig. 61.

I figure this Mauritius species, referred by its author to
Engina ; my conviction is that it is a Coralliophila, and possibly
identical with C. coronata, Barclay (vol. ii, 210 t. 66, figs. 373,
312).

E. COST AT A, Pease. (Unfigured.) Sandwich Islands.

? E. (BucciNUM) PHAL^NA, Lesson. (Unfigured.) Acapulco.
E. ALTERNATA, Garrett. (Unfigured.) Samoa and Viti Is.

E. BELLA, Garrett. (Name preoccupied by Reeve. Unfigured.)

Samoa and Viti Is.

Suhgenus Pusiostoma, Swainson.

Shell ovate ; inner lip convex between the granular teeth ; outer
lip internally greatty thickened and toothed in the middle.

E. MENDICARTA, Linn. PL 63, figs. 62, 73.

Shell usually alternately banded with black and yellowish
brown or white ; aperture dark chocolate ; a variety has a single
central yellowish band. Length, 18 mill.

East Indies, Philippines, Australia, Polynesia.

Genus COLUMBELLINA, d'Orb.

This group was founded on a fossil species, with which the
following recent forms appear to agree in their characters.

C. HARPIFORMIS, Sowb. PL 63, fig. 63.

Yellowish white, openly irregularly reticulated with chestnut,
sometimes irregularly marked with chestnut, with a median light
band ; epidermis thin, rather smooth, translucent, yellowish
brown, continued over on the face of the greatly thickened outer

lip. Length, 15 mill.

Panama.
C. UNCINATA, Sowerby. PL 63, fig. 64.

Shell fulvous olive, freckled with pale dots, encircled round
the upper part with white spots interrupted with red-brown
lines; aperture violaceous. Length, 11 mill.

W. Coast Central America to Acapulco.

The markings, as minutely described above by Reeve, are

AMPHISSA. 197

obscured by the epidermis. This is possibly a not fully grown
variety of C. Harpiformis.

C. CITHARA, Reeve. PL 63, fig. 65.

Shell somewhat squarely ovate, rather solid, whitish, reticu-
lated with chestnut, blackish and white-blotched next the sutures,
spire rather short, whorls plicately ridged around the upper part,
spirally grooved below ; aperture narrow, lip angularly produced
and notched at the upper part, finely denticulated within.

Length, 11 mill.

Habitat unknown.

AMPHISSA, II. and A. Adams.

Shell bucciuiibrm, longitudinally ribbed; spire elevated; aper-
ture rather wide, enlarging below, and terminating in a wide
anterior sinus ; inner lip callous, plicate below ; outer lip not
thickened on the margin, plicate within. Operculum resembling
that of Buccinum with the addition of a straight spur of callus
extended towards the centre. Dentition columbelloid.

A. CORRUGATA, Reeve. PL 63, fig. 66.

Shell yellowish brown, sometimes obscurely spotted and
variegated, white within the aperture. Length, 1 inch.

Monterey, CaL, to Sitka.
A. VERSICOLOR, Dall. PL 63, fig. 67.

Shell much smaller than A. corrugata, with about half the
number of longitudinal ribs and revolving striae, namely : from
14 to 17 ; colors very variable, pink, salmon, livid bluish purple,
brown and pure white, all plain or variously marked with a net-
work of white and brown lines, patches, dots, etc.

Length, 12 mill.

Monterey to San Francisco, Cal.

Mr. R. E. C. Stearns has described a var. lineata.

ADDENDA.

MARGINELLIDJE.

Mr. R. E. C. Stearns gives me the following additional
localities :

ERATO MAUGERI^E, Gray. Egmont Key, Tampa Bay , W. Coast
of Florida.

198 ADDENDA.

E. COLUMBELLA, Menke, occurs on the California Coast northward

to Monterey.
E. VITELLTNA, Hinds, has- been found northward to within 50

miles south of San Francisco Bay.
MARGINELLA SUBTBIGONA, Carp., extends northward to Monterey,

CaJ.

MARGINELLA LCEBBECKEANA, Weink., is a larger individual of
Cryptospira glauca, Jouss.

M. MEDIOCINCTA, Smith. Volvarina Bouvieri, Jouss., is a synonym.
M. (GRANULA) SPIRIPLANA, Jousseaume, 1882.

Shell small, conical, thin, smooth, shining white ; whorls three,
plane above ; aperture elongate, columella scarcely thickened,
five-plicate, lip thickened. L. 1'7 mill., diam. 1*4 mill.

Found in the mass of filaments surrounding the base of
Euplectella.

Related to Granula Angasi.

M. OBLONGA (p. 32). Figured in error, t. 9, f. 77, for M. oliveUa.

OLIYID^E.

OLIVELLA AUSTRALTS, Tenison-Woods (p. 72).

Shell turreted, fusiform, spire produced and equalling the
aperture ; smooth, shining, white, reticulated with fulvous brown,
and zoned with three white bands ; suture scarcely impressed ;
aperture narrow, anteriorly dilated ; outer lip thin, acute, colu-
mella simple.

Tasmania.
COLUMBELLID^E.

C. MTLLEPUNCTATA, Carp. (p. 115), is figured PI. 63, fig. 68.

C. ALABASTRUM, Reeve (p. 146). Add reference, PL 52, fig. 87.

C. SUFFUSA, Sowb. (p. 155). Add reference, PI. 55, fig. 50.

C. NIGRICOSTATA, E. A. Smith (p. 155). The figure referred to

does not represent this species, but C. suffusa.
C. ROSACEA, Gould. PI. 56, fig. 78, represents this species, but

fig. 79 is C. costulata, Cantraine.

INDEX

To GENERA AND SPECIES, INCLUDING SYNONYMY.

PAGE.

Abbreviata (Marginella), C. B. Ad. Contrib. Conch., 56, 1850.

? = M. lactea, Kiener.
Abyssicola (Coiumbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn., Soc. N. S.W., i, p. 232, 1877. 141

Achatina (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 132, t. 39, f. 126 120

Achatlna (Ancillaria), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 19, t. 3, f. 4.

= A. c'mnamornea, Lam.

Acicula (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. x, f. 46, a. b 118

Acleonta (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 11, f 3 and 4 174

Acuminata (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 4. f. 66, 67 93

Acuminata (Ricinula), live. Icon. f. 52, 1846 r— Engina contracta, Rve.
Acuminata (Columbella), Menke (non Nuttall). Moll. Nov. Holl., No.

87, p. 20. = C. Menkeana, Reeve.
Acuminata (Columbella), Nuttall. Jay's Cat. Shells, 31 edit., p 89.

= C. rustica, Linn.
Acuminata (Oliva), Duel , pars. Monogr., 1. 12, f. 3. = 0. nebulosa, Lam.

Acuminata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 323 88

Acus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 31, f. 201, 1859.

= C. Cumingii, Reeve, var.

Acuta (Anachis), Stearns. Proc. A N. S., Phila., 1873, p. 345 158

Acutecostatum (Buccinum), Phil. (1844). = Columbella costulata, Cant.

Adamsi (Columbella), Tryon 156

Adansoni (Pseudomarginella), Maltzan. Nachrichtsbl. Deutsch. Mai.

Gesell., xii, 109, 1880. =±= M. glabella, Linn.

Adansoni (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 5, t. 7, f. 27, 1835 20

Adansoni (Columbella), Menke. Zeit , 1853, p. 74. ? = C. rustica, Linn.

Adelinse (Columbella), Tryon 155

Adiostina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 11, f. 9, 10.

= C. blanda, Sowb.

JSsopus, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist,, vii, 383, 1860 102, 188

Affinis (Marginella), Reeve. Icon., f. 13n. 1865. = M. lactea, Kiener.
Affinis (Columbella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer. Moll., p. 205.

= C. mercatoria, Linn.
Affinis (Oliva?), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 21, f. 352, 1871.

= 0. columellaris, Sowb.

Affinis (Marginella), Beck. = M. oryz*. Lam.
Agaron (Oliva), Adanson. ±= 0. hiatula, Gmelin.
Agaronia, Gray. Beechey's Voy. Blossom, 132, 1839.

= S. G. of Oliva, Brug 60

Alabaster (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 107, 1865.

? = M. fauna, Sowb.

Alabastrum (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 36, f. 232 146, 198

Ala-perdicis (Columbella), Reeve Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 24, f. 145, 1859.

== C. Isevigata, Linn.
Alba (Marginella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., 56, 1850.

= M. catenata, Mont.

200 INDEX.

PAGE.

Alba (Oliva), Lam. No. 42 ; E. M., t. 361, f. 5 ; Gray, Zool. Proc., 44,

1858. = 0. reticularis, Lam.

Alba (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 22, f. 390. = 0. floralia, Duel.
Alba (Columbella), Petterd. Quar. Jour. Conch., vol. ii, p. 104 (1879)... 137
Albanyana (Marginella), Gaskoin. Ann. Nat. Hist., 2 ser., xi, 858, 1853. 56
Albertisii (Columbella), Tap. Can. Ann. Mus. Civico. S. nat. Genoa,

vol, ix, p. 281, 1877 184

Albescens (Marginella), Button. Jour, de Conch., 22, 1878 55

Albida (Marginella), Tate. Proc. Philos. Soc. Adelaide, 87, 1878 55

Albifasoiata (Ancillaria), Swainson. Jour. S. C., p. 278.

= A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Albilabris (Marginella), Conrad. Proc. Phil. Acad. N. S., iii, 26.

? = Melampus.
Albina (Marginella), Gaskoin. Ann. Nat. Hist,, 2d ser., xi, 358, t. 12,

f. 7, 8, 1853. = M. turbinata, Sowb.

Albina (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 34, pi. 13, f. 4 121

Albinodulosa (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 3.

= C. Azora, Duclos.
Albisulcata (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Conch. Spec., f. 14-19.

= A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Albo-callosa (Ancillaria), Lischke. Mai. Bl., xxi, p. 21.

= A. rubiginosa, Swains.

Albocincta (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846. r M. rosea, Lam.
Albocincta (Engina), Pease. Proc. Zoo. Soc., 1860, p. 142.

? = E. fusiformis, Pease.

Albolineata (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 99, t. 20, f. 27-29 55

Albolineata (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog. (ex parte).

= M. gracilis, C. B. Adams.
Albomaculata (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1867, p. Ill, t. 13,

f. 5. = C. Tayloriana, Reeve.

Albonodosa (Columbella), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 512, 1857 179

Albuginosa (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 35, f. 223, 1859 141

Alcira, H. Adams. Zool. Proc., 450, 1860 103, 188

Aldinia (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch , t. 26, f. 6, 7.

= 0. fusiformis, Lam.
Alectona (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 4, bis., f. 15, 16, 1835.

? = 0. bsetica, Carp.

Alia, H. and A. Adams. Genera of Rec. Moll., i, 183, 1853 102, 116

Allporti (Marginella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 28, 1875.... 56

Alternata (Columbella), Gould. Otia, p. 131, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860 172

Alternata (Engina), Garrett. Pro. Cal. Ac. Sc., iv, p. 203, 1873 196

Alveolata (Purpura), Kiener. 42, t. 9, f. 23. .= Engina 189

Alveolata (Engina), Kiener. Reeve (Ricinula), Conch. Ic., pi. 4, sp. 23,

1846. = E. Reevei, Tryon.
Amabilis (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lye., v, 225, 1852.

= M. oblonga, Swains.

Amalda, H.and A. Ad. Gen. of Recent Moll., i, 148, 1853. ^Ancillaria.
Ambigua (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 11, pi. 2, f. 3.

= C. rustica, Linn.

Amoretta (Harpa), Bolten, Morch. := H. minor, Lam.
Amphisella (Columbella), Dall. Bui. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 91, 1881... 163

Amphissa, H. and A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 111, 1853 103, 197

Ampla (Ancillaria), Gmelin. Linn. Sys. Nat. ed., xiii, p. 3467 94

Ampla (Columbella), Lesson. Rev. Zoo. Cuv. Soc., 1842, p. 185 187

Amycla, H. and A. Adams Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 186, 1853.

= Nassa, in part, and Mitrella, Risso.

INDEX. 201

Amygdala (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv , 36, t, 11, f. 1, 1840?

- M. marginata, Born.

Anacliis, H. and A. Ads. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 184, 1853 102, 152

Anacteola (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. 5, f. 9, 10 108

Anaidea (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26, f. 3, 4 174

Anakisia (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26, f. 17, 18 190

Anaulax, Roissy. Moll., v, 430, 1805. — Ancillaria, Lam.
Anazola, Gray. Zool. Proc., 40,. 1858. = Olivancillaria, d'Orb.

Anazora (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t. 5, f. 4, 5, 1835 69

Ancilla, Lamarck, Prodr. 1799, Syst. An., 1801. = Ancillaria.

Anciilaria, Lamarck. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 305, 1811 61, 92

Ancillarioides (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic,, t. 21, f 55, 1850.

r= 0. hiatula, Gmelin.

Ancillopsis, Conr. An. Jour. Conch., i, 22, 1865. = Ancillaria, Lam.
Angasi (Marginella), Brazier. Jour, de Conch., 304, 1870; 324, 1871... 45

Angasi (Columbella), Brazier. Proc. Zoo. Soc., 1871, p. 322... 128

Angelia (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 14, f. 19, 20 134

Angicostata (Hindsia), Pease. Zool. Proc., 142, 1860 ; Am. Jour. Conch.,

iv, 109, 1868. = Engina farinosa, Gould.

Angistoma (Erato), Sowb. Conch, Illust., 51, 1841 10

Angularis (Columbella), Sowb. Proc. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 118 186

Angulata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 310 82

Angulifera (Erato), Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 6, 1865 10

Angustata (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 63, t. 1, f. 13 95

Angustata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 10, t. 13, f. 182, 183, 1870.

= 0. mustellina, Lam.

Angustata (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 399, t. 77, f. 169, 170, 1846. 35
Angystoma ( Marginella), Gaskoin MSS. = M. triplicata, Gaskoin.

Aniomina (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., pi. 8, f. 1, 2.. 86

Anitis (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 16, f. 15, 16.

= C. pardalis, Lam.

Anna (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., France, vi, 186, 1881. 56
Annotata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 19, f. 313-315.

= young of 0. acuminata, Lam.
Annulata (Oliva), Gmel. = 0. guttata, Lam.

Annulata (Marginella), Reeve. Icon., f. 119, 1865 35

Annulata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, pi. xix, f. 101, 1858... 126
Anolacia, Gray. Guide Moll. Brit. Mus., 26, 1857,

- S. G. of Ancillaria, Lam 61, 96

Anolax, Borson. Orittogr. Piem., 25, 1824? =. Anaulax, Roissy.
Antillarum (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 30, f. 196, 1859.

— C. catenata, Sowb.

Antiqua (Harpa), Chemnitz, f. 1451. = H. conoidalis, Lam.
Aperta (Ancillaria), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 32.
O. Mauritiana, Sowb.

Apicina (Marginella), Menke. Syn. Meth. Moll., 87, 1828 33

Apthsegera (Columbella), Lesson. Rev. Zoo. Cuv. Soc., 1842, p. 185.. .. 187
Aquaegutta (Marginella), Jousseaume. Guerin's Mag., 247, 1875.

M. debilis, Pease.
Aquatllis (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 18, f. 30.

= 0. Auricularia, Lam.
Araneosa (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 49, pi. 9, f. 4.

== C. versicolor, Sowb.

Araneosa (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 314 81

Araneosa (Columbella), Gould. Otia, p. 132; Bost. Proc., vii, 1860 127

Arata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi, 29, f. 185, 1859 148

26

202 INDEX.

Arctata (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 15, f. 229, 230, 1871.

= 0. mustellina, Lam.
Arctata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 15, f. 229, 230, 1871.

= 0. mustellina, Lam.
Arenaria (Marginella), Morch. Yoldi Cat., 119, 1852.

= M. bifasciata, Lam'.
Argus (Columbella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, p. 138, t. 21, f. 34-36.

= C. cribrana, Lam.

Armillata (Engina), Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, *f. 47, 1846 194

Articularis (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat , torn., x, p. 132

— H. conoidalis, Lam.

Articulata (Columbella), Souv. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., iv, p. 271 143

Asellina (Marginella), Jousseautne. Monog., 80, t. 7, f. 6 42

Asopis (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu. 111. Conch., t. 14, f. 17, 18 142

Aspersa (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 123, t. 37, f. 79, 80.

= C. versicolor, Sowb.
Asphari (Marginella), Theob. Cat. Shells, Mus. As. Soc. Beng., 30, 1800. 55

Astricta (Ricinula) Reeve. Icon., f. 30, 1846. Engina 189

Astyris, H. and A. Ad. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 187, 1863. : — Mitrella, Rissoi
Atalina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 10, f. 9, 10. = 0. episcopalis, Lam.
Athadona (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. i, f. 11, 12.

= C. versicolor, Sowb.
Athenia (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 26, f. 17, 18, 1835.

— 0. sidelia, Duclos.

Atilia, H. and A. Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll., i, 184, 1853 102, 142

Atkinsoni (Mangelia), Tenison- Woods. Roy. Soc. Tas., 141, 1875.

= Columbella speciosa, Angas.
Atomella (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 108, 1858.

= C. atrata, Gould.

Atomella (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr,, pi. 11, f. 5, 6 166

Attenuate (Marginella), Reeve. Icon., f 116, 1865.
Attenuata (Marginella), Weinkauff. Kiister, t. 24, f. 5, 6.

= M. translucida, Sowb 23

Attenuata (? Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 29; f. 90, a-b, 1850.

= 0. columellaris, Sowerby.

Attenuata (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1871, p. 14, t. 1, f. 4 151

Atramentaria (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 51 168

Atrata (Columbella), Gould. Otia, p. 131 ; Bost. Proc., vii, 1860 10'J

Aurantia (Marginella), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert., vii 358,1822 18

Aurantia (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 7, f. 16, 17 193

Aurantiaca (Marginella), Defrance. Diet, Sc. Nat., xxix, 143, 1823.

= M. aurantia, Lam.

Aurantiaca (Columbella), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 115, 1872 135

Aureocincta (Marginella), Stearns. Bost. Proc., xv, 22, 1872 24

Aureocincta (Oliva), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 470. 1857.

= 0. petiolita, Duel., var.
Aureola (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 6, f. 17, 18.

= C. rustics, Linn,

Auricularia (Oliva), d'Orb. Voy. Am. mer., p. 421, t. 59, f. 20-22.
= 0. Orbignyi, Marrat.

Auricularia (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 523 90

Auriculata (Margiuella), Menard. ±= Ringicula.
Aurora (Oliva), Solander, MSS. = 0. carneola, Gmelin.

Australis (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch., p. 9, t. 44-46, jun 94

Australis (Olivella), Tenison- Woods. Trans. Roy. Soc. Vic., xiv, 56,

1878 72, 198

INDEX. 203

Australia (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc. 1851, p. 5 126

Australis (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc , 75,1844 27

Australis (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 8, f. 3, 4, 1835 85

Austrina (Columbella), Gaskoin, Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 9 126

Avara (Columbella), Say. Jour. Acad. N. Sc., Phila., ii, p. 230, 1822 159

Avara (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 1, f. 1, 2 133

Avellana (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 360, 1822.
M. persicula, Linn.

Avellana (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p, 320 77

A vena (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i. 391, t, 76, f. 130, 1846.

= M, Philippinarum, Redfield 50

Avena (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 25, f. 158, 1859 127

Avena (Marginella), Valenc. Kiener, Coq. Viv., 17, t, 6, f. 24, 1834.
Avenacea (Marginella), Desh. Lamarck, 2d edit., x, 455, 1844.

= M. avena, Valenc.
Avenella (Marginella), Ball. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 73, 1881.

= M. avena, Val. var 50

Azemula (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 14, f. 2, 1835.

= 0. erythrostoma, Lam.
Azona (Marginella), Menke. Zeit. Mai., 37, 1849. — M. cornea, Lam.

Azora (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t. 12, f. 3, 4 136

Azorica (Columbella), Drouet. Moll. Mar. Acores, p. 34.

— C. rustica, Linn.

Babbi (Columbella), Tryon 135

Baccata (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 9 114

Baculus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 25, f. 157, 1859.

Baculus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 157, 1859 143

Badia (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas.', 1875, p. 151.

= C. pulla, Gaskoin.

Baetica (Oliva), Carpenter. Brit. Aisoc. Report, 661, 1863 71

Balanetta, Jousseaume. Monogr. Margin. Guerin's Mag., 1875.

= Marginella, Lara.

Balteata (Voluta), SolanderMSS. = Oliva guttata, Lam., subangular var.
Balteata (Columbella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Ben., 1875, xliv, p. 96, pi.

8, f. 4. = C. Nevilli, Tryon.

Balteata (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 130; Bost. Proc., vii, 1860 172

Balteata (Ancillaria), Swains. Jour. Sc., xviii, p. 284 97

Barbadensis (Columbella), Petiver. D'Orb. Moll., Cuba, ii, 133.

= C. rustica, Linn.
Barthelemyi (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain, Rev. Crit., p. 78, t. 3, fig.

58, a, b. =; 0. acuminata, Marr.

Baylei (Marginella), Jousseaurne. Monog., 106, t. 8, f. 5, 1875 55

Bazini (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 61, t. 7, f. 3 54

Belcheri (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 73, 1844 22

Belizana (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 22, f. 9, 10.

= C. nycteis, Duclos.

Bella (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 172, 1859 121

Bella (Engina), Reeve (Rincinula). Conch. Ic., sp. 15, 1846 191

Bella (Engina), Garrett. Proc. Cal. Ac. Sc., iv, p. 203, 1873 196

Bellangeri (Marginella), Deshayes. In Lamarck, x, 443, 1844.

= M angustata, Sowb.
Bellangeri (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 27, t. 9, f. 41, 1834.

= M. bullata, Born.
Bellii (Marginella), Sowb. Tbes. Conch., i, 375, t. 74, f. 28, 29, 1846.

? . - M. Adansoni, Kiener.

204 INDEX.

PAGE.

Benguelensis (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 82, t. 8, f. 8.

= M. exilis, Gmel.

Bensoni (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 158, 1865 44

Bernardii (Marginella), Largill. Mag. Zool., t. 116, 1845 31

Bewleyi (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 4, fig. 44, 1870.

= O. reticularis, Lam.
Beyerleana (Marginella), Berrardi. Jour, de Conch., iv, 149, t. 5, f. 15,

16, 1853. = M. avena, Valenc 50

Bibalteata (Marginella), Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 99, 1865.

= M. gracilis, C. B. Ad.
Bicanaliculata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 11, f. 7, 8.

— C. bicanalifera, Sowb.

Bicanalifera (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 113 183

Bicincta (Oliva). Lam. Hist. Nat. Ed. Desh., x, 619. = 0. inflata, Lam.

Bicincta (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 132, Bost Proc., vii, 1860 136

Bicincta (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1871, p. 14, pi. 1, f. 3.

= C. eximia, Reeve.
Bicolor (Coluinbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 46, pi. 16, f. 4.

= C. rugosa, Sow.
Bidentata (Columbella), Menke. Moll Nov. Holl., No. 108, p. 23, 1843.

— C. versicolor, Sowb.

Bifasciata (Marginella), Sowb. Tankerville Cat., t. 1, f. 4 (not 3), 1825.

= M. Adansoni, Kiener.

Bifasciata (Marginella), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 357, 1822 19

Bifasciata (Oliva), Kiister. Weinkauff, Monog., 38. — 0. reticularis, Lam.
Bifasciata (Marginella), Sowb. Tankerville Cat,, t. 2, f. 3 (not 4), 1825.

= M. f'aba, Linn.
Bifasciata (Marginella), in part, Kiister. Conch. Cab., t. 1, f. 11, 1865.

== M. Adansoni, Kiener.

Biflammata (Columbella). Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 35. f. 226, 1859 140

Bilineata (Marginella), Krauss. Sudafr. Moll., 126, t. 6, f. 22, 1848.

= M. zonata, Kiener.

Bimaculata (Erato), Tate, Proc. Philos. Soc. Adelaide, 88, 1878 12

Biplicata (Oliva), Sowerby. Tank. Cat. App , t. 33 87

Bivaricosa (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 358, 1822.

= M. marginata, Born.
Bizonata (Marginella), Weinkauif. Kiister, 142, 1878.

= M. secalina, Phil. var.

Blanda (Marginella), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 46, t. 13, f. 14, 15, 1844 35

Blanda (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 137 121

Blanda (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 15, f. 236, 237, 1871.

= 0. funebralis, Lam., var.
Bobi (Marginella), Blainv. Malacol,t.30,f.6, 1827. — M.cingulata, Dillw.

Boiviiii (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., pi. 11, f. 5 112

Borbonica (Marginella). Jousseaume. Monog., 13. = M. pumila, Redf.
Bourjotiana (Columbella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., iii, p. 383,

pi. xiv, f. 6, 1858 185

Bouvieri (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, 268, t. 5, f. 5-7,

1877. .~ M. mediocincta, Smith.

Brasiliana (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 322.' 90

Brasiliensis (Oliva), Chemn. Conch. Cab., x, p. 130, t. 147, figs. 1367,

1368. = 0. Brasiliana, Lam.
Brazieri (Oliva), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., Lon., 1877, p. 172, t. 26, f. 6.

= 0. exquisita, Angas.
Bridgesii (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. ix, f. 40, a, b, 1858.

= C. Strombiformis, Lam.

INDEX. 205

PAGE.

Brisei (Columbella), Brus. C. scrip'a, Linn.

Brocchii (Volvaria), Scacchi, Cat 10. — Marginella clandestina, Brocchi.

Broderipi (Oliva), Ducros de-St. Germain. Revue crit., p. 62, t. 2,

f. 39, a, b 86

Broderipii (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 53 114

Brookei (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Tc., xi, pi. 27, f. 169, 1859 125

Brunnea (Ancillaria), Schumacher. Nouv. Syst., p. 244.

A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Brunnea (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 4, f. 54, 55 ; t. 6, f. 75, 1870.

= 0. reticularis, Lam.

Buccinoides (Columbella), Les. Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 184 187

Buccinoides (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114 127

Buchholzi (Columbella), Martens. Mittheilungen, ii, p. 118, 1881 164

Bulbiformis (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t. 27, f. 10-13 77

Bulbosa (Oliva), Martini et Bolten. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 13, f. 184-

192. =t 0. inflata, Lam.

Bulbosa (Marginata), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 144, 1865 48

Bullasa (Marginella), Cuvier. Regne Anim., 144, t. 62, f. 2, 2 a, 1840?

= M. angustata, Sowb.

Bullata (Marginella), Born. Mus. Cses., 218, 1776 35

Bullata (Marginella), in part. Lam. Ann. sans Vert., vii, 360, 1822.

= M. anguytata, Sowb.
Bullata, Jousseaume. Monog. Marg. Guerin's Mag., 1875.

Marginella, Lam.
Bullata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 24, f. 448, 1871.

= 0. fusiform is, Lam.
Bullata (Marginella), Reichenbich. Conch., 62, t. 37, f. 530, 531, 1842.

M elegans. Gmel.
Ballioides (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 10, f. 37, a, b, 1864.... 95

Bullula (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 139, 1865 64

Bullula (Oliva). Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 30, f. t 6, a, b.

- 0. tehuelchana. d'Orb.
Burchardi (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 3, 1864.

M. elegans, Gmel.
Burchardi, (Marginella), Dunker. Zeit Mai., 61, 1852.

M. prunum, Gmel.
Burchardti (Columbella), Dunker. Mai. Blatt, xxiv, 67, 1877 129

Cabrit'i (Harpa), Fischer. Jour. Conch., viii, t. 4, f. 1 and 2.

= II. striata, Lam.
Cielata ( Marginelli), Monterosato. Jour, de Conch., xxv, t. 2, f. 3.

= M. miliaria, Linn.
Cserulea (O'iva) (Bolton), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 4, f. 48-50.

= 0. episcopalis, Lam.
( aerulea (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., Oliva, vol. vi, f. 70, 1850.

0. cyanea, Reeve
Coerulea (Voluta) (Ma we), 'Wood. Ind. Test. Suppl., t. 1, f. 36.

Oliva volutella, Lam.
Gerulescens (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert , vii, 356, 1822:

:-= M. prunum, Gmel.
Caft'ra (Ancillaria), Forskal. Sowb., Thes. Conch.

— A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Calameli (Marginella), Jousseaume. Guerin's Mag.y 202, t. 18, f. 3,

1871-2. •= M. secalina, Phil.
Calculus (Marginella), Redfield. Am. Jour. Conch., vi, 1870. 37

206 INDEX.

Caldania (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr. t. 6, f. 3, 4, 1835.

= 0. Australis, Duclos.
Caledonica (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, 267, t. 5, f. 8-10,

1877 ...................... .................................................................. 54

Californiana (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 12.

= C. carinata, Hinds.
California (Columbella), Reeve Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 26, f. 165, 1859.

= C. Terpsichore, Sowb.
Callianax, H. and A. Adams. Genera of Recent Moll , i, 146, 1853.

= S. G. of Oliva, Brug ......................................................... 60, 87

Callosa (Oliva), Anton. Verzeichniss, 102. Not identified.

Callosa (Marginella), Mar rat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 137, 1876 ............ 56

Callosa (Erato), Adams and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 25, t. 10, f. 32, 1850. '.)
Callosiuscula (Columbella), Tap. Can. Ann. Mus. Civico, S. Nat. Genoa,

ix, p. 280. 1877 .......................................................................... 184

Calosoma (Oliva), Marrat (not Duclos). Thes. Conch., f. 214, 215, 1871.

— 0. Lecoquiana, Ducros.

Calosoma (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., xvi, f. 1, 2, 1835 ......................... 76

Cana (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch , p. 15, t. 11, f, 152, 1870.

= 0. mustellina, Lam.
Canaliculata (tolumbella), Menke. Mai. Blatt., xviii. 126.

= C. splendidula, Sow.

Canalifera (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 4, f. 9, 10, fossil.
Canalispira. Jous. Monog. Marginella, 107, 1875. — Marginella, Lam.
Cancellata (Voluta), Schreibers. Conchyl., 118, 1793.

= Marginella elegans, Gmel.
Cancellata (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 6.

= C. obesa, C. B. Ad.
Cancellata (Harpa), Chem. Sowerby, f. 26, Chem., t. 152, f. 1453.

= H. striata, Lam.
Cancellatum (Harpa), young. Wood, Ind. Test., t. 22, f. 50.

= H. striaia, Lam.

Candida (Ancillaria), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 304. — A. ampla, Gml.
Candida (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 382, t. 75, f. 86, 87, 1846.

= M. Margarita, Kiener.

Candida (Oliva), Lam. Enc. Me"th., pi. 360, f. 4. = 0. ispidula, Linn.
Canella (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., Guerin's Mag., 202, 1875.

— M. oblonga, Swains.

Cantharus (Marginella), Reeve. Icon., f. 110, 1865 ............... .. ........... 34

Capensis (Cystiscus), Stimpson. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 55, t.^8, f. 2, 1865.

— Marginella cystiscus, Redf.

Capensis ( Marginalia), Dunker. Krauss, Siidaf. Moll., 125, t. 6, f. 21, 1848. 34
Capensis (Oliva), Sowb. Thes. Conch., p. 41, t. 25, f. 469.
• ? •— 0. Anazora, Duclos.
Carbonaria (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., f. 22, 1846. := Engina ............... 189

Caribsea (Marginella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba., ii, 97, t. 20, f. 24-26.

== M. apicina, Menke.
Carinata (Columbella), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, Moll., p. 39, pi. 10, f. 15,

16,1844 ................................................................................ ... 116

Carmione, Gray. Zool. Proc., 39, 1858. = Oliva, Brug.

Carnea (Marginella), Storer. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., i, 465, t. 9, f. 3, 4, 1837. 33

Carnea (Marginella), Sowerby (in part). Thes. Conch., i, 398, t. 70,

f. 102, 114 (not 1U3), 1846. = M. oblonga, Swains.
Carneola, pars (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 22, f. 60, a.

=== 0. sidelia, Duclos.
Carneola (Oliva), Gmelin. Gml. Linn., p. 3443, n. 24 .......................... 87

INDEX. 20Y

Carneola (Margineila), Petit, Jour, de Conch., ii, 50, t. 1, f. 14, 1851:.. 42
Carolina? (Columbella), Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, p. 541, pi. 30, f. 9,

1876. = C. sagitta, Gaskoiu.
Caroliniana (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr. , t. 19, f. 5-8, 1835.

— 0. m'istellina, Lnm.

Castanea (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat. ? .= Columbella.
Castanea (Columbella), Gould. Pro. Bos. Soc. N. H., iii, p. 170.

= C. unifasciata, Sowb.

Castanea (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832. p. 118 105

Castanea (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch., f. 20-23.

A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Catenata (Marginella), Reeve (in part). Conch. Icon., f 72 (not a, b),

186"). == M. pu'cherrima, Gaskoin.

Catenata {Marginella), Montagu. Test. Brit., 236, t. 6, f. 2, 1803 38

Catenata (Columbella), Sowb. Pro Zoo. Soc., 18U. p. 52 179

Cauta (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 25, t, 20, f. 327, 328.

= 0. acuminata, Lam.

Cavea (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 31, f. 203, 1859 156

Cedo-nulli (Meta), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. i, f. 3, 1859.

= C. Philippinarum, Reeve, var.
Cerealis (Columbella), Menke. Reeve, Icon., f. 118, 1858.

= C. Kraussi, Sowb.

Cervinetta (Columbella). Carp. Mazat. Cat., 493, 1857 122

Cessaci (Volvarina), Rochbrune. Bull. Soc. Phil., 1881 ; Nouv. Archives

du Museum, 2 ser. iv, 292, t. 17, f. 14 52

Chaperi (Marginella), Jousseaiime. Monog., 14, t. 7, f. 1 26

Chemnitzu (Voluta), Dillw. Desc. Cat. — Marginella 56

Chilotygma, H. and A. Adams. Genera of Rec. Moll., i, 149, 1853.

-.•-_ Monoptygma, Lea.

Chlorostoma (Columbella), Sowb. Thes., i, p. 113, pi. 36, f, 17, 18 112

Choava (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 37, f. 239, 1859 137

Chrisopsis (Columbella). Duel. Monogr., pi. 13, f. 5, 6 Fossil.

Chrysalloidea (Columbella), Carp. Pro. Cal. Ac. Sc., iii, p. 223 135

Chrysomelina (Marginella), Redf. Ann. N. Y. Lye., iv, 492, t. 17, f. 2,

1848 39

Cincinnata (Columbella) von Martens. Mobius, Mauritius, 248, t. 20, f.

14, 1880 142

Cincta (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 21, t. 8, f. 32, 1834.

M. marginata, Born.

Cincta (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 20, f. 47, 1850. = 0. hiatula, Guiel.
Cinerea (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 85. = M. semen, Rve.

Cingulata (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 525, 1817 36

Cingulata (Oliva), Chemn., x, figs. 1369, 1370. := 0. gibbosa, Born.

Cingulata (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, 88, sp. 2850, 1839 187

Ciugulata (Ancillaria), Sowb. Spe;. Conch., f. 6 95

Cinnamomea (Ancillaria), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 304 93

Circinata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 17, fig. 277.

= 0. litterata, Lam.

Citharula (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. x, f. 9, 10.'
= C. harpiformis, Sowerby.

Cithara (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 36, f. 230, 1859 197

Citharopsis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, 97, 1868. = Seminella, Pease.
Clandestina (Marginella), Brocchi. Conch. Foss. Subapp., ii, 642, t. 15,

f. 11, 1814 40

Clandestina (Mitra), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 32, f. 253, 1845.
= M. columbellaria, Scacchi, vol. iv, 195.

208 INDEX.

PACK.

Claneophila, Gray. Zool. Proc., 39, 1858. = Olivancillaria, d'Orb.
Claneophila (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 29, f. 8, 9, 1835.

0. auricularia, Lam.

Clara (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 18, t. 14, f. 199, 200, 1870.
= 0. irisans, Lam., var. concinna.

Clathra (Columbella), Lesson. Rev. Zoo. Cuv. Soo., 1842, p. 184 187

Clathrata (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, p. 229, 1877. 173
Clausilia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 16, f. 11, 12.
Clavulus (Columbella or Pleurotoma), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc. 1833, p. 134. 184
Cledonida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. Illust., t. 17, f. 17, 18... 174

Cleryi (Marginella), Petit. Mag. Zool., t. 18. 1836 20

Cleta (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, II. Conch., t. 15, f. 13, 14 lt>0

Closia, Gray. Guide Moll. Brit. Mus. 36, 1857. := Marginella, Lam.. .. 47
Coccinea (Columbella), Monterosato. Nuova Revista, 41, 1875.

— C. scripta, L. var.

Coccinea (Columbella), Phil. Moll. Sicil., i, 225, 1836. = C. scripta, Linn.
Coerulescens (Marginella), var. Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 77, f. 155, 1846.

? == M. Storeria, Couthuoy.
Collaris (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 26, f. 164, 1859.

= C. carinata, Hinds.
Columba (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 3, f. 3, 4, 1835.

= 0. Esther, Duclos, var.
Columbellaria (Columbella), Scacchi (1836). = Mitra, vol. iv, 195.

Columbellaria, Rolle. Sitzb. Akad. Wien, xlii, 266, 1861 103

Columbella, Lamarck. Prodr. 1799, Syst, An , 75, 1801 102, 103

Columbella (Erato), Menke. Zeit. Mai., 183, 1847 10, 198

Columbelliformis (Buccinum), var. B. Grateloup, Atlas, t. 36, f. 34.

~ Columbella scripta, Linn.

Columbellina, d'Orb. Pal. Franc. Cret,, ii, 347, 1843 103; 196

Columbellopsis, Bucq. Dautz. et Dollf. Moll. Roussillon, 77, 1882.

= Atilia, H. and A. Adams.
Columbus, Montfort. Conch. Syst., ii, 590, 1810. = Columbella, Lam.

Columellaris (Oliva), Sowerby. Tank. Cat. App., p. 35, 1825 67

Compressa (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 130, 1865 48

Compta (Columbella), Lischke. Mall. Blat., xxi, p. 20, 1873 130

Compta (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 24, f. 432, 1871.

— 0. Anazora, Duclos.

Concinna (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 35, 1846. = Engina 194

Concinna (Columbella), Sowerby. Genera of Shells, No. 9.

= C. Iseviaata, Linn.
Concinna (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 6, f. 100, 101, 1870.

= 0. irisans, Lam., var.
Concinnum (Buccinum), C. B. Ad. Bost. Proc., 1845, Contr. Conch., 55.

= Columbella decipiens, C. B. Ad.
Conella, H. and A. Adams (not Swainson). Genera, i, 185, 1853.

= Meta, Reeve.
Conella, Swainson. Malacol., 312, 1840. := Conidea, Swainson.

Conidea, Swainson. Malacol., 151, 313, 1840 102, 180

Coniformis (Meta), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 122, p, 37, f. 77, 78.

= C. Philippinarum, Reeve, var.
Coniformis (Gibberula), Morch. Mai. Blatt., 86, 1860.

= Marginella Morchii, Redfield 56

Coniformis (Oliva), Philippi. Abb. u. Beschr., xix, 1, f. 5-7.

= 0. peruviana, Lam.
Conoidalis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 325. = 0. jaspidea, Gmel.

INDEX. 209

Conoidalis (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 37, t. 12, f. 2, 1840?

-=- M. apiciria, Menke.
Conoidalis (Marginella), Chenu. Man. Conch., i, 197, f. 1046, 1859.

= M. pellucida, Pfr.

Conoidalis (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat., x, sp. -5 98

Consobrina (Oliva), Lischke. Mai. Bl., 1871, p. 41. = 0. lepta, Duel.
Conspersa (Amycla), Phil. Ads. Genera, i, 187. = Nassa, Manual, iv, 36.

Conspersa (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 11 145

Constricta (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 74, 1844.

= M. Hindsiana, Petit,

Contaminata (Marginella), Gask. Zool. Proc., 20, 1849 47

Contaminata (Columbella), Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 7.

= C. conspersa, Gask.
Contortuplicata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 20, f, 51.

= 0. auricularia, Lam.

Contracta (Ricinula). Reeve. Icon, sp., 32, 1846. = Engina.
Contusa (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 9, f. 31, a, b, 1864.

= 0. cinnamomea, Lam.
Conulus (Murex), Olivi. Zool. Adr., 154, t. 5, f. 1, 2.

— Columbella scripta, Linn.

Cornea ( Vlarginella), Lamarck. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 360, 1822 36

Cornea (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 13, pi. 4, f. 5.

= C. rustica, Linn.

Cornea (Columbella), Payr. Moll. Corse., t. 8, f. 19. = C. scripta, Linn.
Corniculata (Columbella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., Edit. Deshayes, x, p.

175. :---C. scripta, Linn.
Corniculum (Amycla), Olivi. Ads. Genera, i, 187.

= Nassa, Manual, iv, 37.
Coronata (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 8, f. 11, 12, 17, 18,

= C. versicolor, Sowb.

Coronata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114 158

Corrugata (Amphissa), Reeve. Buccinum, f. 110, 1846; Dall, Am. Jour.

Conch., vii, 111, 113 197

Corrugata (Erato), Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 12, 1865 11

Corusca (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 243, 1865 54

Costata (Harpa), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1202 97

Costata (Columbella), Val. Rec. Obs., ii, 331. ? = C. coronata, Sowb.

Costata (Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1860, p. 142 196

Costata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 12, f. 1, 2.

== C. fluctuata, Sow.

Costellata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., ii, p. Ill, 1832 153

Costellifera (Columbella), Pease. Pro. Zoo Soc., 1862, p. 279 176

Costulata (Columbella), Cantraine. Diag. au Descr., espec. nouv. Moll.,

p. 20 160, 198

Costulata (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Contr. Conch., p. 58.

= C. catenata, Sowerby.
Crassa (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., 60, t. 4, f. 86, 90, 91.

= A. cinnamomea, Lam.

Crassa (Harpa), Philippi, Mo'rch, Yoldi Cat., 125. — -Jl. minor, Lam.
Crassa (Oliva), Martini. —0. inflata, Lam.

Crassilabra (Plochelsea), Gabb. Proc. Philada. Acad., 1872. 60

Crassilabris (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 177, 1859 166

Crassilabrum (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846.

= M. labrosa, Redfield.

Crassilabrum (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 92, 1865.
M. marginata, Born, minor.
27

210 INDEX.

PAQK.

Crenata (Harpa), Swainson. Blight, Cat. App., 5 98

Crenate-rosea (Harpa), Gray, teste Reeve. Icon. := H. crenata, Swains.
Crepusculum (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 86, f. 231, a, 1859

= C. intexta, Gaskoin.

Cribraria (Columbella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert 122

Crocostoma (Engina), Reeve. Ricinula, f. 40, 1846.

= E. carbonaria, Reeve.
Crossei (Marginella), Velain. Archiv. Zool. Exp., 109, t. 3, f. 5, 6, 1877.

? = M. lachryma, Reeve.
Crossiana (Columbella), Recluz. Jour, de Conch., ii, p. 257, t. 7, f, 5,

(1851). — C. scripta, Linn.
Cruenta (Voluta), Solander. Dillwyn, Cat , i, p. 514.

= Oliva guttata, Lam.

Cruentata (Anachis), Miirch. Mai. Blatt., vii, p. 95, 1861 154

Cryptospira, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 1844. Mnrginella, Lam 30

Cucumis (in part), Klein. Tent. Ostr., 1753. - Marginella, Lam.
Cumingiana (Marginella), Petit. Rev. Zool., 185, 1841.

= M. helmatina, Rang.

Cumingii (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 25, f. 156, 1859 151

Cumingii (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 11, f. 19, a-b, 1850.

= 0. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettae.
Cumingii (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 5, 377, t. 74, f. 33-35, 1846.

= M. Cumingiana, Petit.
Cuneata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 2v>, f. 383, 1871.

i^O. nivea, Gmelin.

Curta (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 105, 1832 28

Cuspidata (Columbella), Marrat, Quar. Jour. Conch., i, p. 242, 1877... 165
Cuvieri (Marginella), Desh. Jouss., Guerin s Mag., 251, 1876.

= M. bullata, Born, var.
Cyanea (Oliva), Reeve. Icon., f. 70, a, b, Index, 1850.

= 0. puelchana, Orb.
Cylindracea (Bulla), Da Costa. Brit. Conch., 81, t, 2, f. 7, 1778.

= Marginella pallida, Donov.
Cylindrica (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 17, t. 14, f. 193, 194.

1 — (). irisans, Lnm., var. concinna.

Cylindrica (Volvaria'i, Brown. = Bulla cylindracea, Pennant,
Cylindrica (Marginella), Pease. Zool. Proc., 244, 1862.

= M. Peasii, Reeve.

Cylindrica (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch, i, 390, t. 76, f. 134, 1846... 53
Cylindrica (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., t, 2, f. 18, 19.

— A ampla Gmelin,
Cylindrus, Breyn. Diss. phys., 6, 1732. :— Oliva, Brug.

Cymbalum (Marginella), Tate. Proc. Philos. Soc. Adelaide, 86, 1878 55

Cymbancilla, P. Fischer. Jour de Conch., 33, 1881. |= Anolacia, Gray.
Cypraea (Bulla), Dillw. Cat. i, p. 490, vix Linne.

= Ancillaria cinnamomea, Lam.
Cyprasacea (Marginella), Bory. Encyc. Meth., t. 376, f. 6.

= M. cornea, Lam.
Cypreeoides (Marginella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania,

122, 1877 23

Cyprajoides (Erato), C. B. Adams. Bost, Proc., ii, 1, 1845.

? = E. Maugerise, Gray...i 10

Cypreeola (Marginella), Sowb. Zool Proc., 57, 1832.

= Erato scabriuscula, Gray.

Cyprseola (Voluta), Brocchi. Conch. Subap., ii, 321, t. 4. f. 10, 1814.
Erato leevis, Donov.

INDEX. 211

Cystiscus, Stimpson. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 55, 1865. = Marginella, Lam.
Cystiscus (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 230, 1870 46

Dactylidia, H. and A. Adams. Genera of Recent Moll., i, 146, 1853.

Olivella, Swains.
Dactyliola (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 27, f. 5-8, 1835.

= 0. funebralis, Lam., var.
Dactyliola, pars (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 27, f. 9.

= 0. bulbiformis, Duclos.

Dactylus, Klein. Ostracol., 77, 1753. = Oliva, Brug.
Dactylus, Humphr. Cat. (not Klein). Marginella, Lam.

Dactylus (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 360, 1822...,, 36

Deedala (Columbella), H. Adams. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1873, p. 205, pi. 23, f. 2. 123
Dalinla (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. 8, f. 7, 8. ±= C. varians, Sowb.
Dalli (Columbella), E. A. Smith. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 5th ser., vol. vi,

p. 287 (1880) 122

Dama (Oliva), Mawe. Wood. Ind. test, Suppl., t 5, f. 37 (Voluta) 71

Darwini (Columbella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 181, 1877.
('. lentiginosa, Reeve.

Davisiana (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 205, 1877 20

Dealbata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 25, f. 71, 1850. =0. nivea, Gmel.

Debilis (Marginella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 22. 1872 45

De Burghite (Marginella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 509, 1863 38

Decipiens (Columbella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., p. 58.

= C. obesa, C. B. Ad.
Decollata (Columbella), Brusina. Verhandl. zoo.-bot. Ges. Wien, xv, p.

10, 1865. ;= C. scripta, Linn., var.
Decolor (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 132. — C. Marquesana, Gask.

Decussata (Columbella), Sow. Thes. Conch., i, p. 134, pi. 39, f. 133 112

Deforrais (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 44, 1846. — Engina 192

Deformis (Marginella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 23, 1874 ; 95, t.

8, f. 12, 1875 24

Delessertiana (Marginella), Re.cluz. Rev. Zool., 185, 1841 55

Delicata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 171 122

Dens (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 120, 1865 40

Den^ilmeata (Nitidella ?), Carp. Am. Nat. Hist,, 1864, p. 48 115

Denticulata (Marginella), Tate. Proc. Philos. Soc. Adelaide, 87, 1878... 55
Denticulata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi 9, f. 3, 4.

= C. moleculina,. Duel.
Depressa (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes., iii, No. 28. = A. Australis, Sow.

Dermestoides (Columbella), Kiener. Buccinum, p. 52, t. 25, f. 100 131

Dermestoides (Columbella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 1867, p. 195 ; Brazier,

Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, 231. = C. lineolata (Pease), Brazier.
Deshayesiana (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 86, t. 3, fig.

67, a, b, 1857 90

Deshayesii (Ancillaria), A. Adams Sowerby, Thes Conch., t, 4, f. 68, 69.

— - A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Deshayesii (Columbella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 2 ser., iii, 382, 1859.

C. turturina, Lam.
Diadocus (Oliva?). Adams et Reeve. Marrat, Thes. Conch., No. 206, 1871.

0. nivea, Gmelin.
Diadochus (Marginella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 28, t. 7, f.4, 1860. 22

Diaphana (Columbella), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 51 JJ 160

Diaphana (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 38, t. 12, f. 3, 1S40 ?
M. pellucida, Ffr.

212 INDEX.

PAGE.

Diaphana (Marginella), Ktister. Conch. Cab , t. 4, f. 5, 6. 1865.

? = M. fauna, Sowb.

Dichroa (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 50 114

Dictua (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1878, p. 34 12b'

Digglesi (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. £00. Soc., 1874, p. 671, pi. 83,

f. 11, 12 170

Digitale (Columbella), Lesson. Rev. Zoo. Cuv. Soc., 1842, p. 186 187

Dimidiata (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., 62, t. 3, f. 55, 56 96

Diminuta (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Cat. Sh. Panama, p. 85, 1852 177

Dipsacus, Klein. Ostracol., 36, 1753. S. G. of Ancillaria 61, 96

Discors (C..lumbella), Gmeliu. Syst. nat., p. 3455 , 182

Dissimilis (Columbella), Stimpson. Pro. Bos. S. N. H., iv, p. 114, 1857.

= C. zonalis, Liasley.
Doliolum (Columbella), Tap. Can. Am. Mus. Civic. S. Nat. Genoa, vol.

ix, 280, 1876. ? = C. sagitta, Gask.
Donovani (Marginella), Kiener. Iconog. Marginella, 16, t. 8, f. 34, 1834.

= Erato Isevis, Donovan.
Dori*e (Columbella), Issel. Moll. Miss. Ital. Persia, p. 11, 1865.

— C. Mindorensis, Gaskoin.

Dormitcr (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i. p. 143, t. 40, f. 173... 181

Dorsata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 120 185

Dorsuosa (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 130, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860 172

Dubia (Strombus), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, pi. 7, fig. 80.

= Columbella Philippinarum, Rve., var.

Dubiosa (Marginella) Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 103, t, 15, f. 17, 1872. 39
Duchon (Marginella), Adanson. Jousseaume, Guerin's Mag., 262, 1875.

= M. interrupte-lineata, Muhlf.

Duclosi (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 19, f. 44 85

Duclosi, pars (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germ. Rev. Grit., p. 59 (non Reeve).

= 0. Stainforthi, Reeve.

Duclo^iana (Oliva), Jay. Cat., p. 367. = 0. Duclosi, Reeve.
Duclosiana (Columbella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, p. 136, t. 21, f. 31-33,

1853 133

Duclosiana (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 113, t. 36, f. 15-16.. 112
Dujardinii (Turbinella), Homes (1856). = Columbella Greci, Phil.
Dunkeri (Marginella), Krauss. Sudaf. Moll., 126, t. 6, f. 23, 1848.

= JM. zonata, Kiener.

Dunkeri (Columbella), Tryon 129

Dupontiae (Meta), Kiener. Reeve, Icon., sp. 6, 1859.

= C. Philippiuarum, Reeve, var.
Dysoni (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. xvii, f. 92, 1858 107

Ebenum (Columbella), Phillrppi. Mai. Blatt,, xv, p. 223.

— C. unifasciata, Sowb.

Eburnea (Ancillaria), Deshayes. Lam. Hist. Nat., 2d ed., x, p. 591.

= 0. cinnamomea, Lam.

Eburnea (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus , xvi, p. 32G. — 0. nivea, Gmex.
Effulgens (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 104, 1865.

— M. avena, Valenc.

Effusa (Ancillaria). Swains. Jour. Sc., p. 278. = A. cinnamomea, Lam.

Egeria (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, III. Conch., t. 4, f. 19, 20 181

Egira (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t, 5, f. 24, 25.

= 0. ispidula, Linn.
Egouena, Jousseaume. Monog. Marg., Guerin's Mag., 1875.

Marginella, Lam.
Elata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 25, f. 155, 1859 150

INDEX. 213

PAQJS.

Electona (Columbella), Duclos. Monog., pi. 9, f. 11, 12 164

Electroides (Columbella), Reeve. Coach. Ic., f. 72, 1858 117

Electrum (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 118, 1865.
-= M. hsematita, Kiener.

Elegans (Margiuelli), Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3448. 1788 30

Elegans (Alcira), H Adams. Pro. Z'>ol Soc . 1860. p. 451 188

Elegans (Engitia), Gray. Voy. Blossom, p. 113, Moll., 1830.

= E. turbinella, Kiener.
Elegans (Triton), Thompson. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xv, 317, t. 19, f. 1.

Jeffrey,-, Brit. Conch., iv., 305. — Engina farinosi, Old.

Elegans (Nitidella), Ball. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p. 116 115

Elegans (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114 186

Elegans (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus. xvi, p. 312. .» 76

Elegantula (Mitrella), Morch. Mai. Blat,., vii, 94, 1861 158

Elliptica (Marginella), RedtielJ. Cat. Marg., 232, 1870 36

Elongata ( Volutella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 281, t. 23, f. 23, 1868.

= Marginella el'iptica, Redf.

Elongata ( Ancillaria), Gray. App. Voy. Fly., vol. ii, p. 357, t. 1, f. 5... 96
Elongata (Oliva), M*rrat. Thes. Conch., t. 22, f. 386, 387.

= 0. floralia, Duclos.

Emarginata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 30, f. 190, 1859 124

Emeliodina (Oliva), Duclos in Chenu, 111 Conch., t. 21, f. 19, 20.

= 0. episcopali-s, Lain.
Emicator (Oliva), Meuschen. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 5, f. 57-60.

= 0. guttata, Lam.
Encaustica (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 148, 1865.

? = M. quinqueplicata, Lam., juv.

Encaustica (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. xii, 56, 1858 164

Engina, Gray. Zool. Voy. Beechey, 113, 1839 103, 188

Epamella (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 5, f. 1-2, 19, 20.

— C. Philippinarum, Reeve.

Epidelia (Columbia). Duclos. Chenu, Conch. II., t. 25, f. 17, 18 UO

Epigrus (Marginella), Reeve Conch. Icon., f. 151, 1865.

? = M. exilis, Gmelin.

Episcopalis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 313. 74

Erato, Risso. Hist. Nat. de Nice., iv, 240, 1826 7

Eratoidea, Weinkauff. Raster's Conch. Cab., 126, 140, 1878.

= Marginella, Lam.
Eratopsis, Hoernes and Auinger. Abhandl. K. K. Geol. Reichs., xii, pt.

2, 63, 1880 7, 11

Erythrostoma (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 309, n, 3.

0. irisans, Lam., var.

Esmilota (Oliva) Duclos. Monogr., pi. 4, f. 5, 6, fossil.
Esodina (Oliva), Duclos in Chenu, t. 16, f. 19, 20. = 0. Duclosi, Reeve.
Essingtonensis (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 174, 1859. 149

Esther (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 3, f. 7, 8, 1835 66

Eustoma (Columbella), Jouss. Bui. Soc. Zoo., i, p. 266, pi. v, f. 3-4, 1876. 182
Evania (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 20, f. 3, 4. , O. sanguinolenta. Lam.

Evanida (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 888, t. 75, f. 69, 1846 27

Exigua (Ancillaria), Sowb. Sp. Conch. Anc , 6, f. 33, 34, 35.

— Monoptygma 91

Exigua (Oliva) (Martini), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 33, t. 22, f. 339-401

= 9. ja*pidea, Gmelin.

Exilis (Columbella), Philippi. Menke, Zeit, 1849, p. 23 150

Exilis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 452. 0. lepta, Duclos.

214 INDEX.

Exilis (Voluta), Chiaje. Poll, Test. Sicil., iii, 30, t. 40, f. 3">, 36, 182-V6
= Marginella secaiina, Phil.

Exilis (Marginella), Gmelin. Syst. Nat, 3444, 1788 .- 57

Eximia (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp., 45, 1846 — Engina 198

Eximia (ColumbelH), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 35, f. 222 150

Exquisita (Oliva), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lon., 1871, p. 13, 88, t. 1, f. 2. 71

Faba (Oliva), Marrat. Thes Conch., p. 20, t. 16, f. 238, 239, 1871.

= 0. sidelia. Duel.

Faba (Marginella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, x, 730, 1758 21

Faba (Marginella), Chenu. Lecons Elem., t. 17, f. 720, 1817.

= M. pseudofaba, Sowb.
Faba (Voluta), var. Dillw. Desc. Cat, 528, 1817.

— Marginella bifasciata, Lam.
Fabagina (Oliva), Lain. Hist, uat., ed. Deshayes, x, 629.

= 0. inflata, Lam.
Fabrei (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 42, t. 2, f. 8, a, b.

= (Monstrosity) 0. Maura, Lam.
FabuH (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 36, t. 23, f. 420, 421.

= 0. lepta, Duclos.
Fabula (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 124, t. 38, f. 86, 87.

= C* pardalis, Lam.
Faleonta (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. i, f. 5, 6.

? = C. Isevigata, Linn.

Fallotina (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., pi. 4, f. 7, 8. Fossil.
Farinosa (Hindsia), Gould. Otia, p. 68, 1846; Moll. Wilkes' Exped.,

255, f. 323 = Engina 192

Fasciata (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 389, t. 76, f. 142, 1846 54

Fasciata (Columbella), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 25, 1829 105

Fasciata (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 11, f. 44, a, b, 1864.

= A. marmorata, Rve.
Fasciata (.Persicula), H. and A. Adams. Gen. Rec, Moll., i, 193, t. 20, f.

3, 1858. = Marginella cingulata, Dillw.

Fauna (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846 48

Fenestrata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 175, 1859.

— C. Adamsi, Tryon.

Fenestrata (Columbella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., p. ?7, 1850.. 132

Festiva (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 32, t. 10, f. 4, 1840? 25

Festiva (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 15, pi. 11, f. 4 106

Figura (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 4, f. 45. = 0. retieularis, Lam.

Filamentosa (Columbella), Dunker 157

Filicincta (Columbella), Tapp. Can. Ann. Mus. Civico. S. Nat. Genoa,

vol. ix, p. 279, 1876 143

Filosa (Nitidellaj, Stearns. Pro. A. N. S. Phila., 1873, p. 345.

= C. Stearnsii, Tryon.

Filosa (Columbella), Dujardin (1835). := C. Greci, Phil.
Filosus (.Esopus), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1867, p. Ill, t. 13, f. 6.

— Col. filosa, Angas 151

Fimbriata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 29, f. 92 a-d, 1850.

= 0. mutica, Say, var. nitidnla.

Flaminea (Columbella), Scacchi. Cat., p. 10. = C. scripta, Linn.
Flammea, var. (Voluta), Gmel. Syst. Nat. = Columbella fulgurans, Lam.
Flaminea (Columbella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch,, iii, 233; Carp. Zool.

Proc., 516, 1865. = C. Marquesana, Gask.
Flammulata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 314, n. 17 84

INDEX. 215

• PAGE.

Flava (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., t, 11, f. 156, 157, 1870.

= 0. elegans, Lam.

Flava (Columbella), Bruguiere. Diet. No. 53 182

FJaveola (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 6, f. 17-20, 1835.

= 0. ispidula, Liun.

Flavida (Columbella), Lam. Hist. Nat., ed. ii, x, 268. — C. flava, Brug.
Flavida (Ancillaria), Schumacher. Nouv. Syst., p. 206.

= A. glabrata, Linn.
Flavida (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lye., iv, 163, t. 10, f. 4,

1846. — M. apieina, Menke.
Flavus (Oliva), Meusch. 0. pica, Lam.
Flexuosa (Pyrene). Hulton. Jour, de Conch., xviii,'p. 23, 1878; Man.

New Zeal. Moll., 61. C. choava, Reeve.

Flexuosa (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 175 1'24

Floccata (Columbella), Reeve Conch. IP., xi, pi. 26, f. 16U, 1859 114

Floralia (Oliva), Duclos, in Chenu, 111. Conch., p. 6 68

Fluctuata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115 153

Fluctuate (Marginella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., 66, 1850.

= M. sagiltata, Hinds.
Fluctuosa (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch. Col., t. 13, f. 11, 12.

= C. fluctuata, Sow.

Formicula (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 359, 1822 23

Formosa (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 11 140

Formosa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 3, f. 28, 29.

= 0. reticularis, Lam.
Forticos'ata (Ricinula). Reeve. Icon., sp. 29, 1846.

= Engina carbonaria, Rve.

Fortune! (Oliva). Adams. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 422, 423, 1871 69

Fragaria (Voluta), Wood Ind. Test. Sup., pi. 3, f. 27, 1856.

= Engina bella, Reeve.

Frumentum (M-arginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 57,1832 38

Fulgens (Marginella). Dunker. Mai. Blatt, xviii, 153, 1871 56

Fulgida (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 36, f. 78, a, b, 1850.

-- 0. nivea, Gmel.

Fulgida (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 28, f. 178, 1859 149

Fulgurans (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 272 109

Fulgurata (Oliva), Martens. Mai. Blatt., 1869, 221.

— 0. Peruvian;!, Lam.
Fulgurata (Oliva), Adams et Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p. 31, t. 10, f. 12,

1848. = 0. lepta. Duclos.
Fulminans (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p. 421. =0. maura, Lam.

Fulminata (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 33, t. 12, f. 1, 1840? 19

Fulminea (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 131, Bost. Proc., vii, I860 171

Fulva (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 42, t. 25, f. 471.

? O. episcopalis, Lam

Fulva f Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115 154

Fulva (Ancillaria), Swainson. Jour. Sc., xviii, p. 283.

A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Fumosa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 119, 1870.

= 0. tremulina, Lam.

Funebralis (Oliva), Lam. Hist, nat., vii, p. 437 77

Funiculata (Ensina), Reeve. Conch. Icon., Ricinula, f. 16, 1846 194

Funiculata (Columbella), Souverb. Jour. Conch, 1865, p. 157, pi. v, f. 8.

= C. flava, Brug.

Fura (Oliva), Reeve. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 55, 1858. =0. pura, Rv,
Fusca (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 95, 1846. == M. exilis, Gmelin.

216 INDEX.

PAGE.

Fuscata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 117 105

Fuscata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 20-22.

— 0. araneosa, Lam.

Fuscostrigata (Columbella), Carp. Ann Nat. Hist., 1864, xiv, p. 49 178

Fusiformis (Mitropsis), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 212, 1867.

C. Paumotensis, Tryon.
Fusiformis (Columbella), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, Moll.,t. 10, f. 17, 18.

= C. recurva, Sowb.
Fusiformis (Columbella), Nuttall. Jay's Cat. Shells, 3d edit., p. 89.

? s= C. Guildingii, Sowb.

Fusiformis (Columbella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, p. 136, t, 21, f. 25-27 147

Fusiformis (Columbella), Pease. Am, Jour. Conch., iv, 122, 1808.

— C. sagitta, Gask.

Fusiformis (Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1865, p. 513 193

Fusiformis (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, 88, sp. 2843, 1839 187

Fusiformis (Voluta), Turton. Conch. Diet., 251, 1819.

= Erato laevis, Donov.

Fusiformis (Ylarginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 95, 1844 24

Fusiformis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 318 83

Fusillus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 36, f. 231, b, 1859.

= C. intexta, Gasjc.

Fusina (Marginella), Dall. Bull. Mjis. Comp. Zool,, ix, 72, 1881 57

Fustigata (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 20, pi. 5, f. 3.

= C. rustica, Linn.

Galaxias (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 36, f. 229, 1859.

= C. pagitta, Gaskoin.

Galeola (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 28, f. 4, 5, G, 1885. = 0. irisans, Lam.
Galeola, Gray. Zool. Proc., 39, 1858. = Oliva, Brug.

Gallinacea (Erato), Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 7, 1865 10

Gambiensis( Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marginella. ---M. amygdala, Kien.

Garretti (Columbella), Tryon 166

Garrettii (Cythara), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lou. 1860, p. 147.

= C. lachryma, Gask.

Gaskoini (Anachis), Carp. Mazat. Cat., p. 510. — A. tasniata, Phil.
Gausapata (Columbella), Gould. Pro. Bos. Soc., N. H., iii, p. 170, 1858.

= C. carinata, Hinds.

Gemma (Marginella), A. Ad. Zool. Proc., 122, 1855. M . festiva, Kien.
Gervillii (Columbella), Payr. Moll. Corse, t. 18, f. 20 C. scripta, Linn.
Gibberula, Swainson. Malacol, 323, 1840. = Marginella, Lam.

Gibberula (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115 184

Gibbosa (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 50, t. 8, f. 6 29

Gibbosa (Engina), Garrett. Calif. Proc , iv, 203, 1872 193

Gibbosa (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 5, f. 5, 6.

— C. Strombiformis, Lam.

Gibbosa juv. (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., 1. 19, f. 302, 304, 305, 309, 310.

— 0. nebulosa, Lam.

Gibbosa (Oliva), Born. Test, Mus. Cass., p. 215 90

Gibbosula (Columbella), Broderip. D'Orb, Voy. Am. Mer., p. 430.

— C. gibberula, Sowb.

Gilvum (Bucc.), Menke. Zeit. Mai., 180, 1847. ? = C. coronata, Sowb., var.
Gilvum ( Buccinum), Menke. Zeit. Mai. , 180, 1847. ? = C. coronata, Sowb.

Glabella (Marginella), Linn. Sy&t. nat., edit, x, 730,1758 17

Glabella (Voluta), var. t. Gmel., Syst. Nat., 3445, 1788.
-.= Marginella pyrum, Gronov.

INDEX. 217

Glabella (Voluta), var. e. Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 3444, 1788.

= Marginella elegans, Gmelin.

Glabella, Swainson. Malacol, 324, 1840. = Marginella, Lam 19

Glabelloides (Voluta), Humphreys. Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 378.

=• Marginella irrorat a, Menke.

Glabrata (Anoillaria), Linn. Syst. Nat., xii, ed., p. 1203 96

Glandiformis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 12, f. 173, 174 (vix Lam.).

O. tigrina, Lam.
Glandiformis, pars (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., pars, t. 12, f. 175 (non

173, 174). = 0. Lecoquiana, Ducros
Glandina (Marginella), Velain. Archiv. Zool. Exp., vi, 109, t. 3, f. 3, 4,

1877..... 43

Glandinaria (Olivella), Conrad. Carpenter Rep., p. 193.

== Oliva biplicata, Sowerby.
Glans (Marginella), Menke. Syn. Meth., 146, 1836.

= M prunum, Gmel., var.
Glauca (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 71, t. 8, f. 1. == M. elegans, Gmel. 198

Goodallii (Marginella), Sowb. Tankerville Cat., t. 2, f. 2, 1825 18

Gouldiana (Columbella), Agassiz, MbS. Stimpson, Shells of N. Eng., 48,

1851. = C. lunata, Say.

Gouldii (Nitidella), Carp. Zool. Proc., 208, 1856. = C. carinata, Hinds.
Gowllandi (Columbella), Brazier. Pro.' Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 671, pi. 83,

f. 15, 16 170

Gracilis (Harpa), Broderip et Sowerby. Zool. Jour., iv, 373 99

Gracilis(Citharopsis), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, p. 97, 1. 11, f. 20, 1867. 167

Gracilis (Oliva), Broderip et Sowerby. Zoo. Jour., iv, p. 379 70

Gracilis (Marginella), C. B. Ad. Ann. N. Y. Lye , v, 46, 1851 55

Grceci (Columbella), Philippi (1844).

— Mitra Columbellaria, Scacchi, vol. iv, 195.

Granitella (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p, 310. = 0. textilina, Lam.
Granula, Jousseaume. Monog. Margin., Guerin's Mag., 1875.

= Marginella, Lam.
Granum (Marginella), Kiener/ Iconog., 17, t. 8, f. 33, 1835.

= Erato scabriuscula, Gray.

Granum (Marginell). Phil. Zeit. Mai., 27, 1850 43

Graphica (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 6, t, 3, f. 36, 1870.

— G. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettae.

Grata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 41, t. 25, f. 470, 1871.

— 0. mustellina, Lam.

Grisea (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 105,. 1875.

M. sexplicata, Dunker.

Gruneri (Harpa), Maltz. Jahrb., iv, 1877, t. 4, f. 2. = H. coslata, Linn.
Gualteriana (Columbella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer. Moll., p. 206.
'.' C. mercatoria, Linn.

Guancha (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Canaries, 88, t. 6, f. 32-34, 1834 41

Guatemalensis (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 31, f. 198, 1859.. 177

Guttata (Oliva), Lam. Anii. du Mus., xvi, 313, n. 14 74

Guttata (Columbella), Sow. Thes. Conch., p. 131. = C, cribraria, Lam.
Gutta<a (Erato), Sowb. Thes. Conch., iii, 82, f. 29, 30.

E. guttula, Sowb.
Guttata (Marginella), Swainson. Zool. Ill.,.2d ser., i, t. 44, f. 2, 1829.

— M. phrygia, Sowb 32

Guttata (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 394, t. 78, f. 208-210, 1846.

M. calculus, Redfield.
Guttata (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 526, 1817 32

218 INDEX.

PAGE.

Gutturosa (Columbella), Duclos. Monog., pi. 9, f. 9, 10.

= C. idalina, Duclos.
Guttula (Oliva), Martini (part). Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 12, 165-168.

= 0. elegans, var. tricolor, Lam.
Guttula (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 101, 1865.

= M. avena, Val., var.
Guttula (Erato), Sowb. Conch, lllust., f. 50, 1841. Weinkauif, Monog.

in Conch. Cab.. 156 9

Guilfordia (Columbella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., 205, t. 7, f. 87,

1826. = Erato lams, Donov.
Guildingi (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 28, f. 89, a, b, 1850.

^=O. nivea, Gmelin.

Guildingii (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 143, t. 40, f. 175, 176... 179
Guillaini (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 60, t. 1, f. 13, 1851... 22

Haemastoma (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 116 106

Haamatita (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., ii, t. 7, f. 31, 1834 24

Hainesii (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 260, t. 8, f. 5, 6, 1851.

= M. quinqueplicata, Lam., var.
Haldemani (Amycla), Dunker. Ads. Genera, i, 187.

= Nassa. Manual, iv, 36.
Haliaeeti (Columbella), Jeffreys. Brit. Conch., iv, p. 356, v, t. 88, f. 3.

= C. costulata, Cant.
Haneti (Columbella), Petit. Jour. Conch., i, 57, t. 3, f. 4, 1850. 2d ser.,

i, 32, 1856. =C. pavonina, Hinds.
Hanleyi (Columbella), Deshayes. Cat. Moll. Bourbon, 1863, p. 131, pi.

40, f. 8-10 129

Harpa (Buccinum), Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. xii, p. 1201.

= Harpa ventricosa, Lam.

Harpa, Lam. Prodr., 1799 61, 97

Harpaeformis (Marginella), Beck. Sowb., Thes. Conch, i, 374, t. 74, f. 78,

1846 22

Harpalis, Link. Rost. Samml., iii, 114, 1807. - Harpa, Lam.
Harparia, Rafinesque. Anal. Nat., 1815. = Harpa, Lam.

Harpiformis (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 113 196

Harpularia (Oliva,) Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, 620. :== 0. araneosa, Lam.
Hebrsea (Columbella), Lam. Auim. s. Vert., x, 270.

= Mitra litterata, Lam.

Helmatina (Marginella), Rang. -Guerin's Mag., t. 5, 1832 11)

Helvia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 1, f. 19, 20.

? = C. laevigata, Linn.
Hemiltona (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 19, f. 3, 4, 1835.

= 0. elegans, Lam.
Hepatica (Oliva), Marrat (not Lamarck). Thes. Conch., t, 3, f. 27, 28.

(non Lam.). = 0. reticularis, Lam.
Hepatica (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi., p. 320. = 0. tremulioa, Lam.

Heterozona (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 62, t. 7, f. 4 53

Hiatula, Swains. Malacol., 132, 322, 1840. = Agaronia, Gray.

Hiatula (Oliva), Gmelin, sp. Syst. Nat., ed. xiii, p. 3442 88

Hieroglyphica (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 24, f. 68, 1850 84

Hindsiana (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 54, 1851.

= M. Olivaeformis, Kiener.
Hindsii (Columbella), Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc , 1851. — C. carinata, Hinds.

Hirundo (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 12 147

Histrio (Ricinula), Rve. Icon., sp. 36, 1846. ±= Engina alveolata, Kiener.
Holbollii (Columbella), Beck, Authors. = C. rosacea, Gould.

INDEX. 219

Holosericea (Oliva), Martini. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 13, f. 178, 181.

== 0. tigrina, Lam.
Hondurasensis (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 97, 1865.

= M. pulchra, Gray.

Hordeacea (Columbella), Philippi. Menke, Zeit., 1849, p. 23 179

Hotessieri (Columbella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 138, t. 21, f. 37-39 144

Humerosa (Columbella), Carp. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1865, p. 281 112

Hyalina, Schum. Nouv. Syst., 234, 1817. = Marginella, Lam.

Ida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 14, f. 1-12.

— C. atrata, Gould.

Idalina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 9, f. 5, 6 117

Idosia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 22, f. 15, 16 190

Idulia (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 10, f. 3, 4 Ill

Ignota (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 12, = M. neglecta, Sowb.
Ilaira (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 15, f. 11, 12.

? — C. orphia, Duclos.

Imbricata (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 76, 1844 37

Immersa (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 109, 1865.

= M. tricincta, Hinds.
Imperialis (Harpa), Chemnitz. Lam., x, 129. — H. costata, Linn.

Impolita (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. C., i, p. 132, pi. 39, f. 127 119

Inconspicua (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 387, t. 75, f. 80, 1846.
Inconspicua (Oliva), C. B. Adams. Panama Shells, 34.

= 0. myriadina. Duclos.
Inconspicua (Oliva), Marrat (not Adams). Thes. Conch., f. 437, 1871.

= 0. nivea, Gmelin.
Inconspicua (Marginella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, 23, 1874 ; 95, t.

8, f. 10, 11, 1875. -.= M. Nevilli, Jousseaume 27

Incrassata (Oliva), Solander. Diliwyn, Descr. Cat., i, p. 516 (Voluta).

= 0. angulata, Lam.
Incubitantes (Columbella), Martini Conch. Cab., ii, p. 113.

— C. mercat oria, Lam.

Indica (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. xiv, No. 66, 1858 119

Indusica (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 29, f, 43, a, b, 1850.

:= 0. hiatula, Gmelin.

Infans (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 150, 1865 53

Infelix (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 75 42

Inflata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 310 75

Inflexa (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 389, t. 76, f. 150, 1846.

= M. fusiformis, Hinds.
Infrenata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 12, f. 161, 1870.

== 0. elegans, Lam.

Infumata (Columbella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1863, p, 84, pi. 1 117

Inornata (Ancillaria), Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 217, pi. xx, f. 56.

? = A. Sinensis, Sowb.
Inornata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 13, t. 11, f. 155, 1870.

= 0. funebralis, Lam.
Inscripta (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, p. 230, 1877.. 139

Intermedia (Marginella), Menke. Syn, Meth., 88, 1828 55

Intermedia (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 381, t. 74, f . 6 ; t. 76,

f. 90, 1846. = M. pyrum, Gmel.
Interrupta (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1865, p. 56, t. ii, f. 7, 8.

= C. Angasi, Brazier.
Interrupta (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 3 141

220 INDEX.

Interrupta (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 362, 1822.

= M. interrupte-lineata, Muhlf.

Interrupte-lineata (Marginella), Muhlf. Berl. Mag., viii, 1818 87

Intertincta (Oliva), Carpenter. Mazatl. Shells, p. 465, 1857.

= 0. araneosa, Lam

Intexta (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 7 120

Intorta (Oliva), Carpenter. Zool. Proc., 207, 1856,

= 0. petiolita, Duclos.
Intricata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 27, t. 21, f. 344, 345, 1871.

= 0. nebulosa, Lam.

lodosia (Engina), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. Illust., t. 22, f. 16 190

lodostoma (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 13.

==C. coaspersa, Gask.

lonida (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. 7, f. 5-8 118

lontha (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. A. N. S. Phila., 1861, p. 42 144

Iphis (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. 13, f. 11, 12. Fossil.

Irisans (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 312 79

Irrorata (Marginella), Menke. Syn. Metli., 88, 1828 17

Irrorata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 25, f. 153 118

Isabellina (Columbelta), Cfosse. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., v, 265, 1865;

vi, 165, t. 7, f. 8 141

Isomella (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 9, f. 7, 8 173

IspHa (Oliva), Link. Marrat, Tnes. Conch., t. 2, f. 15, 16.

= 0. fusiformis, Lam.

Ispidula, Gray. Zool. Proc., 140, 1847. = Oliva, Brug.
Ispidula, pars (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 16, f. 240.

= 0. Broderipi, Ducros de St. Germain.

Ispidula (Oliva), Linn. Syst. nat, ed. 12, 1188 , 86

Ispidula, var. (Voluta). Born. = Oliva flammulata, Lam.

Ispidula (Voluta), Martini, ii, f. 491, 492. —.Oliva guttata, Lam.

Isseli (Marginella), Nevill. Jour. As. Soc., Bengal, 95,1875 40

Jamaicensis (Oliva), Marrai. Thes. Conch., p. 6, t. 4, f. 26.

= 0. reticularis, Lam.

Japix (Columbella). Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 22, f. 13, 14 135

Japonica (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. x, f. 45, a, b, 1858.

= C. parrtalina, Lam.

Japonicus (^Edopus), Gould. Pro. Bost. S. N. H., vii, p. 383, 1860 188

Jaspidea (Columbella), Sowb. Thes Conch., i, p. 132, pi. 39, f. 125 157

Jaspidea (Oliva), Gmel. Syst. Nat., ed. xiii, p. 3442 68

Jaspidea (Oliva), Duclos in Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 9, f. 9, 10.

= 0. Duclosi, Reeve.

Javacensis (Columbella). Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1848. = C. fasciata, Sowb.
Jayana (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Revue crit., 68, t. 3, f. 44, a, b.

? = 0. mustelina, Lam.

Jewettii (Marginella), Carp. Zool. Proc., 207, 1856 43

Jousseaumei (Gibberula), Rochbrune. Bull. Soc., Phil., 1881 ; Nouvelles

Archives du Museum, 2 ser. , iv, 293, t. 1 7, f 15, 1881 . = M. exilis, Gmel.
Juliettae (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 16, f. 3, 4, 1835.

= 0. araneosa, Lam., var.

Kaleontina (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t. 8, f. 7, 8, 1835 86

Keeni (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 12, f. 164, 1870.

= 0. sanguinolenta, Lam.
Keenii (Marginella), Marrat. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., vii, 141,

t. 11, f. 13, 1871 29

INDEX. 221

PAGE.

Kieneria (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 25, f. 19, 20.
? = C. Sagra, d'Orb. '

Kieneriana (Marginella), Petit. Mag. de Zool., t. 110, 1838 37

Kirostra (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 11, f 1, 2 167

Kraussi (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 144, t. 40, f. 180, 181 114

Labiata (Marginella), Val. Kiener, Coq. Viv., 85, t. 11, f. 2, 1840?...... 17

Labiosa (Columbella), Sowerby. Genera of Shells, No. 9 106

Labradorensis (Oliva), Bolten. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 11, f. 146-148.

=^ 0. funebralis, Lam.

Labrosa (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 239, 1870 28

Labuensis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 25, t. 19, f. 311, 312, 1871.. 89
Lacertina (Oliva), Quoy. Voy. Uranie et Phys. Zoo., 432, t. 72, f. 4, 5.

= 0. inflata, Lam.

Lachrimula (Marginella), Gould. Bost, Proc., viii, 281, 1862 44

Lachryma (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 159, 1865 43

Lachryma (Columbella), Gaskoin. Reeve, Icon., f. 125, 1858 165

Lachryma (Erato), Gray. Descriptive Cat., 17,1832 8

Lactea (Columbella), Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., i, 225, 1836.

= C. scriptn, Linn.

Lactea (Marginella). Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 81, 135, 1865.
M. subtriplicata, d'Orb.

Lacte* (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 42, t. 13, f. 3, ? 1840 49

Lactea (Oliva), Man-. Thes. Conch., p. 30, f. 376, 1871, =0. nivea, Marr.

Lactea (Columbella), Ducios. Monogr., pi. 1, f. 3, 4 149

Lactea (Columbella), Kieuer. Reeve, Conch lc., xi, pi. xxi, f. 120, 1858.

= C. Babbi, Tryon.
Lactea (Erato), Hutton. Manual of N. Zeal. Mollusca, 63, 1880.

= Marginella formicula, Lam '. 12

Lactescens (Columbella), Souv. Jour, de Coiicu., 1866, p. 144, pi. 6, f. 5.

— C. pardalina, Lam.

Lseta (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 44, t. 8, f. 2. = M. Olivseformis, Kien.
Leeta (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Lin. Soc. N. S. W , i, p., 232. 1877.... 140
Laevigata (Pisania). Bivona. Nuove Gen. _ Columbella sciipta, Linn.

Ltevigata (Columbella), Linn. Syst. Nat., 3497 (Gmelm ed.) 113

Lgevilabris (Marginella), Jousseaume. Mouog., 21. = M. t'aba, Linn.
Leevis (Oliva), Marraf. Thes. Conch., p. 26, t. 20, f. 330, 331, 1871.

= 0. mustelliua, Lam.

Lsevis (Erato), Donovan. Bri*. Shells, v, t. 165, 1803 9

Lafresnayi (Columbella), Fischer et Bern. Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., i,

357, t. 12, f. 4, 5, 1857. = C. avara, Say.
Lamarckii (Hiatula), Swainson. Zool. 111., 2d ser., ii, t. 76, fig. 2.

= Oliva hiatula, Grnelin.

Lamprodoma, Swainson. Malacol, 132, 321, 1840. S. G. of Oliva 60, 72

Lanceolata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 116.

= C. recurva, Sowb.
Lanceolata (Oliva). Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 30, f. 95, a-b, 1850.

(). lepta, Duclos.
Lantzi (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 15, t. 7, f. 5. =r M. Nevilli, Jouss.

Largillierti (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv , 4o, t. 11, f. 3. ? 1840 47

Lauta (Eugina), Reeve. Ricinula, Conch. Ic., pi. 4, sp. 24, 1846.

•=- E. alveolata, Kiener.

Lavalleana (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 20, f. 38. = M. minuta, Pfr.
Leai (Egouena), Jousseaume. Monogr. Marg., 37.

= Marginella labrosa, Redtield.
Lecoquiana (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germ. Rev. crit., p. 43, t. 2, f. 20, a-c. 77

222 INDEX.

PAGE.

Lefevrei (Marginella), Bernard!. Jour, de Conch., iv, 360, t. 12, f. 11,

12, 1853 ? 41

Legrandi (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 152 137

Lentiginosa (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 240, 1859 170

Lentiginosa (Columbella), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 39, 1844.

= C. atramentaria, Sowb.

Lentiginosa (Oliva), Rve. Conch. Tc., t, 19, f. 45, a-b. = 0. Duclosi, Rve.
Leontocroma (Murex), Brusina (1866). = Columbella Greci, Phil.

Lepida (Marginella), Gould. Bost Proc., vii, 384, 1860 55

Lepida (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 13, f. 3, 4. Fossil.

Lepida (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t. 25, f. 15-20, 1835. = 0. sidelia, Duel.

Lepta (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 1, f. 7, 8, 1835 69

Leptopus (Pseudomarginella), Carriere. Zeit. Wiss. Zool., xxxvii, 99, 1882.

= Marginella glabella, Linn.

Leucopbaea (Oliva), Lam. Enc. Meth., pi. 363, f. 2. = 0. guttata, Lam.
Leucophaea (Erato), Gould. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vi, 386, t. 14, f. 20,

1853. = K. columbella, Menke.
Leucostoma (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 27, f. ? 14-16, 1835.

~ 0. funebralis, Lam.

Leucostoma (Coiumbella), Gaskoin. Pro Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 4 114

Leucozia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 22, f. 5, 6.

= E. astricta, Reeve.
Leucozona (Oliva), Adams et Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lon., 1863, p. 422,

t. 37, f. 23 72

Leucozonias (Oliva), Gray, in Zool. Beechey's Voy., p. 130. (1836) 69

Levania (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 22, f. 7, 8.

? = C. atrata, Gould.

Lienardi (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 67. := M. secalina, Phil.
Lienardii (Oliva), Bernardi. Jour Conch., 2 ser., iii, p. ?02, pi. x, f. 4,

1858 97

Lifouana (Marginella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch , 205, 1871 ; 63, t. 2, f. 2,

1872 23

Ligata (Harpa) (Menke), Sutor. Jahrb. Mai. GeselL, iv, 107, 1877.

= H. conoidalis, Lam.
Lignaria (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 14, f. 195, 196, 1870.

— 0. irisans, Lam., var. concinna.

Ligneola (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 21, f. 57, 1850 86

Ligula (Columbella), Duel. Monogr , pi. 11, f. 11-16 119

Lilacina (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 402, t. 78, f. 176, 177, 1846. 47
Limata (Columbella), Say. H. and A. Adams, Genera, i, 187.

= C. lunata, Say.

Limbata (Marginella). Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 356, 1822 21

Lincolnensis (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 29. f. 184, 1859..... 120
Lineata (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, 361, 1822.

= M. cingulata, Dillw.
Lineata (Ancillaria), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 16, t. 3, f. 2.

= A. margin ata, Lam.

Lineata (Columbella), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc , 1860, p. 399 138

Lineata (Engina), Reeve. Conch. Ic., Ricinula, pi. 6, sp. 51, 1846 194

Lineata (Amphissa), Stearns. Cal. Proc., iv, t. 1, f. 8, v, Note at com-
mencement. — Var. of A. versicolor, Dall.
Lineato-labrum (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc., 20, 1849.

= M. rosea, Lam.
Lineolata (Ancillaria), A. Adams. P. Z. S., 1851, p. 271.

== 0. acuminata, Sowb.

INDEX. 223

Lineolata (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 57, pi. 13, f. 3.

= C. Terpsichore, Sowb.

Lineolata (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 132. = C. Marquesana, Gask.
Lineolita (Columbella), Pease. Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S, Wales,

i, 231, 1877 138

Lineolata (Oliva), Gray. Zool. in Beechey's Voy., p. 131.

— 0. dama, Mawe.

Linigera (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, Conch, lllust,, t 17, f. 13. 14 174

Linntei (Bucninum), Payraudeau. Moll. Cor?e, 161, t. 8, f. 10-12.

= Columbella scripta, Linn.
Lintricula, H. and A. Adams. Genera Recent Moll., i, 141, 1853.

= Olivancillaria, d'Orb.
Lischkei (Columbella), Smith. Pro. Zoo. Soc , 1879, p. 207, pi. 20, f. 41. 147

Litterata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 315 83

Liturata (Marginella), Menke. Moll. Nov. H oil.. 28, 1843 21

Livescens (Columbella), Keeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 24, f. i48, 1859 113

Livida (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc.. 1832, p. 117 195

Livida (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 73, 1844. = M. apicina, Menke.
Livida (Marginella), Rve. Conch. Ic., f. 10 >, 1865. = M. avena, Val.
Loebbeekeana (Marginella), Weinkautf. Kiister, 33, t. 5, f. 9, 12.

= M. elegaus. Giuelin 198

Longivaricosa (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii. 358, 1822.

= M. guttata, Dillw.
Loroisii (Marginella), Bernardi. Jour, de Conch., v, 291, t. 8, f 6,. 7,

1857. M. marginata, Born, minor.

Lubrica (Oliva), Solander. == 0. nivea, Gmel
Lucia (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull Soc. Zool.. i, 269, t. 5, f. 11-13,

1877 25

Lucida ( Vlarginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 205, 1877 48

Lugubris (Columbella), Kien. Coq. Viv., 28, pi. 8, f. 2. = C. flava, Brug.
Lugubris (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus", xvi, p. 317.

= 0. episcopalis, Lam.
Lumbricus (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 29, f. 186, 1859.

Lunata (Columbella), Say. Jour. Philad. Acad., v, 218, 1826 130

Lutaria (Oliva), Bolten. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 20, f. 316-318.

= O. acuminata, Lam.
Lutea (Columbella), Quoy. Voy. de 1'Astr., pi. 40, f. 23, 24.

t = C. semiconvexa, Lam.
Lutea (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 40, t. 24, f 444, 445, 1871.

?=O. f'unebralis, Lam.
Luteola (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., p. 12, pi 4, f. 2.

= C. rustica, Linn.

Luteola (Oliva), Lam. Anr. du Mus., xvi, p. 323. =0. hiatula, Gmelin.
Lyra, Griffith. Cuyier's An. Kingdom, xii, 234, 1834. = Harpa, Lam.

Lyrata (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 114 164

Lysidia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26, f. 15, 16.

— Pleurotoma.

Lysiska (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch,, t. 7rf. 17, 18.
= C. varians, Sowb.

Macleaya (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t 21, f. 13-16. — 0. maura, Lam.
Macrostoma (Columbella), Anton. Verzeiehniss, p. 87, sp. 2837. Reeve,

Icon., f. 49. := C. costellata, Sowb.
Macrostoma (Conus), Anton. Reeve, Icon. Meta., f. 1, 1859.

= Columbella Philippinarum, var. cedo-nulli.
Maculata (Oliva), Duclos. Oliv., t. 15, f. 1-6. = 0. guttata, Lam.

224 INDEX.

Maculata (Ancilla), Schumacher. Nouv. Syst., p. 244.

= Oliva hiatula, Gmelin.
Maculata, var. (Columbella), Pease. .Am. Jour. Conch., v, p. 76, pi. viii,

fig. 12. = Var. of Engina lineata, Reeve.

Maculosa (Margmella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 26, t. 9, f. 40, 1834 37

Maculosa (Marginella), Rve. Icon., f. 65, 1865. =M. calculus, Redf.
Maculosa (Oliva), Swain. =0. hiatula. Gmel.

Maculosa (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1812, f. 116 186

Maculosa (Columbella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, p 22, 1871.

= C. lineolata (Pse ), Brazier.

Magna (Marginella), Swain. Blight, Cat. App., 12. = M. bullata. Born.
Magnifica (Oliva), Ducros. de St. Germain. Revue, p. 30, t. 1, f, 4, a-d.

— 0. erythrostoma, Lam.

Major (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 119.

= C. Strombiformis, Lam.
Major, var. (Columbella). Phil. Moll. Sicil., i, 225, 1836.

= C. scripta, Linn.
Mamillata (Ancillaria), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, Moll , t. 11, f. 7, 8.

= A. rubiginosa, Swains.
Manceli (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., t. 8, f. 4, 1875.

= M. sarda Kiener

Mandarina (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 1, f. 19, 20, 1835 56

Mangelioides (Columbella), Peeve. Conch. Ic , xi, pi. 30, f. 197, 1859.. 149
Mantichora (Oliva) Duclos in Chenu, Conch. 111., t. 16, f. 7, 8.

= 0. guttata, Lam.
Marchii (Marginella), Jouss. Monog., 72, ex parte. :— "M. elegans, Gml.

Margarita (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 15, t. 9, f. 42, 1834 25

Margarita (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 168, 1859 121

Margaritula (Marginella), Carpenter. Mazat, Cat., 462. 1857 41

Marginata (Marginella), Born. Mus., 220, t. 9, f. 5, 6, 1780 28

Marginata (Volvaria), Bivona. Nuove Gen., 24, t. 3, f. 5,

= Marginella clandestina, Brocchi.
Marginata (Erato), Morch. Malak. Blatt., vii, 85, 1860.

— E. columbella, Menke 10

Marginata (Ancilla), Sowerby. Gen. of sh., f. 1.

— Ancillaria cinuamomea, Lam.

Marginata (Voluta), Wood. Index Test. Suppl.,t. 3, f. 8, 1828.

= Marginella bifasciata, Lam.

Marginata (Ancillaria), Lam. Ann. du. Mus., xvi, p. 304 96

Marginella, Lamarck. Prodr., 1799, Syst. Anim., 75, 1801 7, 12

Marginellidse. Redfield. Cat. Coll. Marg., 1851 5

Marise (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit,, p. 50, t. 2, f. 26, a, b.

? = 0 araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettae.
Marise (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, p. 230, 1877.. 139

Mariei ( YJarginella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 177, t. 5, f. 2, 1867 46

Marminii (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 4, f. 15, 16. Fossil.

Marmorata (Columbella), Gray. Beechey's Voy., p. 129, t. 36, f. 11, 1839. 181

Marmorata (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 9, f. 32, a, b, 1864 93

Marmorea (Columbella), Brusina. Verhandl. Zoo. Bot., Ges. Wien, p. 9.

1865 : 108

Marmorea (Oliva), Martini. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 70-72.

= 0. flammulata, Lam.
Marmorea (Columbella), Brusina. Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell., xv, 9, 1865.

= 0. scripta, Linn.

Marquesana (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 8 136

Martensl (Columbella), Lischke. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 40, 1871 130

INDEX. 225

Martini (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., 367, t. 11, f. 8, 1853.
M. prunum, Gmelin.

Maugerije (Erato), Gray. Desc. Cat., 17, 1832 9, 197

Maura (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 311 78

Maura, pars (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 7, f. 10, a. =0. funebralis, Lam.

Maura (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 117 195

Mauritiana (Oliva), Martini. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 10, f. 133-140.

= 0. Maura, Lam.

Mauritiana (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch,, p. 3, f. 1, 2, 1830 96

Mazaris (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 20, f. 7, 8, 1835.

= 0. erythrostoma, Lam.
Mediocincta (Marginella), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 4 ser, xvi,

201, 1875 52, 198

Megalostoma (Oliva), Meuschen. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 21, figs. 336-

340. = 0. hiatula, Gmelin.

Melanida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 19, f. 7, 8.
Melchersi (Oliva), Menke. Zeitschrift fur Mai., 1851, p. 24.

= 0. araneosa, Lam.
Meleagris (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 4, f. 15, 16.

= C. fuscata, Sow.
Memnonia (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. 111., t. 17, f. 19. 20.

= 0. reticularis, Lam.

Menaletta (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 15, f. 3, 4 160

Mendicaria (Columbella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, xii, 1191 196

Menkeana (Columbella). Reeve. Conch. Ic., xii, pi. xiv, No. 69, 1858 120

Mercatoria (Columbella), Linn. Syst. Nat., 3446 (Gmelin edit.) 106

Mercatoria (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 17, f. 268, 269, 1871.

= 0. fusiformis, Lam.
Merita (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, p. 231, 1877. 146

Meta, Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi., 1859 102, 183

Metanira (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 18, f. 19, 20. Fossil.
Metcalfei (Marginella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 173, t. 26, f. 9, 1877.

= M. Australis, Hinds.

Mexicana (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 60, t. 8, f. 9 50

Mexicana (Harpa), Auct. Reeve, Icon., sp. 9. = H. crenata, Swainson.
Mica (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 1, f. 11, 12, 1835.

? — 0. Verreauxi, Ducr.
Mica (Oliva), Marrat (not Duclos). Thes. Conch., f. 408.

= 0. petiolita, Duclos.
Micana, Gray. Zool. Proc., 40, 1858. :a= Olivella, Swains.

Micans (Marginella), Petit Jour, de Conch., 48, t. 1, f. 15, 16, 1851 49

Micans (Columbella), Pease 124

Micans (Voluta), Solander MS. Dillwyn, Cat., i, p. 521.

= Oliva nana, Lam.
Microscopica (Marginella), Tapparone-Canefii. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa,

vii, 1030, 1875 55

Microspira, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, 66, 1868. = Marginella, Lam. 16
Micula (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 468, 1871.

= 0. mutica, var. nitidula.

Millepunctata (Columbella), Carp. Ann. N. H., 1864, p. 48 115, 198

Millepunctata (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 25, f. 1-3. = 0. nana, Lam.
Miliacea (Volvaria), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 364, 1822.

= Marginella miliaria, Linn.
Miliacea (Marginella), Var. Kiener, Coq. Viv., 20, t. 6, f. 26, 1834.

= M. oryza, Lam.

29

22fi INDEX.

Miliacea (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 39, f. 441, 1871.
= 0. nivea, Gmelin.

Miliaria (Marginella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, x, 730, 1758..... 42

Miliaria (Volute), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 524, 1817.

= Marginella oryza, Lam.
Miliola (Oliva), d'Orb. Mol. Cuba, ii, 108, t. 21, f. 20, 22.

= M. mutica, var. nitidula, juv.

Miltostoma (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1876, p. Io4.
-— C. semiconvexa, Lam., var. minor.

Mindorensis (Columbella), Gaskoin. Reeve, Icon., sp. 193, 1859 143

Miniata (Oliva), Bolten. =0. erythrostoma, Lam.

Minima (Marginella), Guildiog. Sowb., Thes. Conch., i, 388, t. 78, f. 220,
1846. = M. minuta, Pfr.

Minor (Mitrella), Scacchi. Conch. Regne Nap., 10, f. 11, 1836 142

Minor (Marginella), C. B. Adams. Ann. N. Y. Lye., v, 264, 1852 44

Minor (Harpa), Lam. X (Nat. His ), p. 133, sp. 7 99

Minuscula (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 131, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860 171

Minuta (Marginella), Pfeiffer. Wiegmann's Archiv , i, 259, 1840 43

Minuta (Columbella), Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 152.
= C. Tenisoni, Tryon.

Minuta (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 130, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860 172

Minuta (Erato), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 11,1865 10

Minutissima (Marginella), Tenison- Woods. Proe. Roy. Soc. Tasmania,

27,1875 56

Mirabilis (Marginella), Barclay. Proc. Zool. Soc., 273, t. 19, f. 6, 1869.

= M. obtusa, Sowb.
Miser (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 129, pi. 38, f. 111.

=s C. zebra, Gray.
Mitrseformis (Columbella), King Zoo. Journ. •— C. cribraria, Lam.

Mitrata (Columbella), Menke. Moll. Nov. Hollandise, 1843 112

Mitrella (Voluta), Risso. Hist Nat. Eur. Merid., 1826
? = Marginella secalina, Phil.

Mitrella, Risso. Hist. Nat, 247, 1826 102, 117

Mitreola (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., pi. 4, f. 1, 2, fossil.

Mitropsis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., Hi, 211, 1867 102, 180

Mitrula (Buccinum), Dunker. Philippi Abbild., iii, Bucc., t. 2, f. 9.

= Columbella catenata, Sowb.
Modesta (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 22, pi. 11, f. 2.

= C rustica, Linn.

Modesta (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 26, f. 83, a, b, 1850.
= 0. acuminata, Lam.

Moesta (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Cat. Shells Panama, p. 94 176

Moleculina (Columbella), Duclos. Monog., pi. 9, f. 1, 2 117

Monilifera (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t 10, f. 36, a, b.

— 0. marginata, Lam.

Monilifera (Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1860, p. 142 190

Monilifera (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 53 149

Monilifera (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 27, f. 84, a, b, 1850.

= 0. nivea, Gmelin.
Monilis (Voluta), var. /?, Gmelin; Syst. Nat , 3444, 1788.

— Marginella oryza, Lam.

Monilis (Marginella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, x, 730, 1758 41

Monilis (Marginella), Wood. Index Test., t. 19, f. 54, 1828..

= M. exilis, Gmelin.
Monilis (Murex), Meuschen. Mus. Gevers, 328, 1787.

= Marginella elegans, Gmel.

INDEX. 221

Monilis (Marginella), Wood. Index Test., t. 19> f. 53, 1828.

= M. pulohella, Kiener.

Monoptygma, Lea (in part, not Gray). Contrib. Geol., 1833 61, 91

Montrouzieri (Ancillaria), Sowb. Jour. Conch., viii, p. 207, 324, t, 11, f. 3. 94

Morchii (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 244, 1870 56

Mosaica (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 381, t. 75, f. 68, 59, 1846. 18
Mucronata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 17, f. 274-275.

= 0. sidelia, Duel.
Mucronata (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch., p. 8.

? = A. australis, Sowb.
Multicostata (Harpa), J. & G. B. Sowerby. Gen. of Shells, f. 1.

= H. costata, Linn.

Multilineata (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846 36

Multiplicata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 20, f. 52, a, b, 1850.

= O. litterata, Lam.

Multivoluta (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 26, f. 163, 1859 156

Muralis (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 76, 1844.

= M. maculosa, Kiener.
Musca (Marginella), Defrance. Diet. Sc. Nat., xxix, 143, 1823.

= M. muscaria, Lam.
Muscaria (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 359, 1822.

= M. formicula, Lam.
Muscaria (Marginella), Costa. Cat. Test. Sicil., 73, 1829.

= Erato lasvis, Donov.

Musica (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 73, 1844 22

Mustellina (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 316 78

Mustellina (Marginella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 14, 1871, t. 1, f. 5 48

Mutica (Oliva), Say. Jour. Acad. Sc., Phila., ii, p. 228, 1822 64

Mutica, pars (Oliva) (Say), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 3, f. 86, a-b.

= 0. Verreauxi, Ducros.
Mygdonia (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu. 111. Conch., t. 6, f. 23, 24.

= 0. jaspidea, Gmelin.

Myriadina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 5, f. 1, 2, 1835 68

Myriadina (Oliva), Marrat (not Duclos). Thes. Conch., f. 440, 1871.

= 0. nivea, Gmelin 68

Nabliuin (Harpa), Martini, f. 1092. — H. conoidalis, Lam.

Nana (Erato), Duclos. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 18, 1865 11

Nana (Columbella), Loven. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., iv.

= Thesbia (Pleurotomidse).
Nana (Columbella), Michaud. Duclos, Monogr., pi. 8, f. 4-6.

— C. varians, Sowb.

Nana (Columbella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 157, 1871 172

Nana (Voluta), Dillwyn. Desc. Cat., i, 536. ? = Engina lineata, Rve.
Nana (Oliva), var. b, Lam. Ann. du. Mus., xvi, p. 326.

= 0. mutica, Say, var. nitidula, JUill.

Nana (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 205, 1877 56

Nana (Oliva), Lamarck. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 326 91

Nasioletta (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 13, f. 15, 16. Fossil.
Nasuta (Columbella), Gmelin. Syst. Nat,, 3455. = C. scripta, Linn.
Nasuta (Columbella), Gmelin. Brusina, Contr., 67. — C. scripta, Linn.

Nasuta (Columbella), Menke. Zeit., 1850, p. 184 136

Natalia (Oliva), Duclos, in Chenu, t. 21, f. 17, 18. =0. Duclosi, Reeve.
Navicella (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 20, f. 103, 1865.

= M. rubella, C. B. Ad.
Naxia (Columbella), Duclos. Monog., pi. 13, f. 1, 2. Fossil,

228 INDEX.

Nebulosa (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 130; Bost. Proc., vii, 1882 ........... 171

Nebulosa (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p. 436 ................................... 89

Nedulina (Oliva), Duclos. Monog., t. 5, f. 13, 14, 1835.

= O. undatella, Lam.

Neglecta (Marginella). Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 390, t, 76, f. 135, 136, 1846. 27
Neostina (Oliva), Duclod. Monog., t. 19, f. 11-16, 1835 .......... ........... 78

Neptunia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26, f. 19, 20 ...... 175

Nevilli (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 28 ................................. 24

Nevilli (Columbella), Tryon ................. .......................... ................. 173

tfewcombi (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 5, f. 15, a, b, 1864.

— M. Petltii, Lmval.

Nigellus (Cylindrus), Meuschen. Oliva maura, Lam.
Nigricans (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p, 52 ................. 168

Nigricostata (Columbeila), E. A. Smith. P. Z. S., 1878, p. 807, pi. 50, .

f. 6 .................................................................................... 155, 198

Nigrofusca (Columbella), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 509, 1857 ............... 178

Nigropunctata (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 117 ............ 156

Nisitella (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 7, f. 9, 10 ....................... 170

Nitellina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 3, f. 1, 2, 1835.

= 0. hiatula, Gmelin.
Nitens (Oliva), Dunker MS. in Mus. Godeffroy's Cat., iv, p. 83, and v,

p. 117. =0. simplex, Pease.
Nitida (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 75, 1844 ............................. 34

Nitida (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 271 ......................... 113

Mtidella, Swainson. Malacol., 313, 1840 .................................... 102, 113

Nitidula (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 10, f. 3, 4. = 0. paxillus, Reeve.
Nitidula (Oliva), Dillwyn. Desc. Cat., i, p. 521, 1817.

= 0. mutica, Say, var ................................................................ 64

Nitidula (Columbella), Sowb. Genera, pi. 40, f. 162. ;= C. nitida, Lam.
Nivea (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. A. N. S. Phila., 1861, p. 43 ............. 132

Nivea (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 139, pi. 39, f. 151 ......... 185

Nivea (Oliva), Gmelin. Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. xiii, p. 3412 .................. 67

Nivea (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 87, sp. 2841, 1839 ............ 187

Nivea (Ancillaria), Swainson. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., f. 64, 65.

= A. balteata, riwainson.

Nivea (Marginella), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., 56, 1850. == nivosa, Hinds.
Niveomarginata (Columbella), Smith. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1879, p. 208, t. 20,

f. 42 ......................................................................................... 146

Nivosa (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 2(5, f. 166, 1859.

= C. versicolor, Sowb.
Nivosa (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 74, 1844 .............................. 32

Nivosa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 17, f. 276; t. 25, f 472.

= U. reticularis, Lam.
Nobilis (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat., x, p. Ia2 ...................................... 99

Nobilis (Oliva), Rve. Conch. Ic., t. 2, f. 3, 1850. 0. tremulina, Lam.
Nodalina (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. 3, f. 5, 6. = C. fuscata, Sow.
Nodata (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 73, 1844 ............................. 20

Nodicostata (Columbella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 274, pi. 23,

f. 8, 1867 .......... ....................................................................... 195

Nodulosa (Columbella), Nuttall. Jay, Cat. Shells, 3d edit., p. 90.

•= C. varians, Sowb.

Nodulosa (Engina), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., v, p. 71, pi. viii, f. 11, 1870. 189
Nota (Oliva), Mar. Thes. Conch., t. 23, f. 428, 1871. =0. baetica, Carp.
Novtezelandica (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 65, t. 3, f. 48, 49.

= O. Sinensis, Sowb.

INDEX.

Nubeculata (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii, o5<j, 1822.

= M. pyrura, Gronov.

Nubeculata (Marginella), Guerin. Icon. Regne Anim., i, 33, t. 16, f. 15?
M. rosea, Lam.

Nubeculata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 37, f. 234, 1859 140

Nucleus (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 14, pi. 3, f. 4.
C. rustica, Linn.

Numicia (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26, f. 9, 10 191

Nux (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 35, f. 227, 1859.

= C. pulla, Gask.
Nux (Oliva), Wood. Ind. Test. Suppl., t, 4, f. 33. 0. biplicata, Sowb.

Nycteis (Columbella). Duel. Chenu, Conch, lllust., t. 17, f. 5-8 151

Nympha (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 33, pi. 10, f. 4 142'

Nympha (Oliva), Adams et Angas. Pro. Zoo. ttoc. Lon., 1863, p. 422.... 72

Obesa (Columbella), C. B Adams. Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ii, 2, 1845. 169
Obesa (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 65, t. 3, f. 44, 45.

ss= 0. marginal a, Lam.

Obesa (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lye., iv, 164, t. 10, f. 5, 1846. 37
Obesa (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 397, t. 76, f. 91, 92, 184tj.

= M. pyrulata, Redfield.
Obesina (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t. 16, f. 9-11, 1835 (in part).

= 0. lusiformis, Lam.
Obesina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 16, f. 9-11, 1835.

— = 0. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettae.

Oblita (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 31, f. 202, 1859 123

Oblonga (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Spec. Conch., p. 7, f. 38, 39.

= 0. marginata, .Lam.

Oblonga (Harpa), Schm. :s= H. minor, Lam.

Oblouga (Marginella), Swains. Zool. 111., 2 ser., i, t. 44, f. 1, 1829.. ..32, 198
Oblonga (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 14, 1870.

= 0. araneosa, Lam.
Obscura (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 121, t. 37, f. 70, 71.

= C. pardalina, Lam.

Obscura (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 132, 1865 52

Obsoleta (Columbella), Carp. Mazat, Cat,, 493, 1857. =C. cervinetta, var.

Obtusa (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1839, p. 117 181

Obtusa (Ancillaria), Swainson. Jour. Sc., xviii, p. 282.

'.' A. australis, Sowb.

Obtusa (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 254, 1870. — M. sexplicata, Dkr.
Obtusa (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 874, t. 74, f. 11, 12, 1846.. 20
Obtusaria (Oliva), Lam. Anim. tans Vert., x, p. 628.

- 0. irisans, var. tremulina.

Occulta (Marginella), Monterosato, Test, nuovi dei mari di Sicilia, 1869. 40
Ocellata (Voluta), Gmelin. Syst. Nat , p. 3455.
Columbella cribraria, Lam.

Ocellata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 37, f. 237 148

Ochracea (Marginella), Angas. Zool. Proc., 14, t. 1, f. 6, 1871.

- M. australis, Hinds.

Ochrostoma (Sistrum), var. rufonotatum, Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3d

ser., xiv, 48, 1864. = Engina pulchra, Reeve.
Octavia (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, III. Conch., t. 28, f. 21, 22.

- 0. neostina, Duclos.

Odoricyi (Marginella), Bernard!, Jour, de Conch., iii, 59, t. 2, f. 6, 7, 1852. 31

Oliva, Bruguiere. Encyc. Meth., 1, xv, 1798 60, 72, 73

Oliva (Voluta), T. Dillw. Recent Shells, 513. := Oliva flammulata, LamT

230 INDEX.

PAGE.

Oliva (Voluta), part, Dillw. B. S., 521, 1817. = Oliva maura, Lam.
Olivacea (Oliva), Meuschen. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 4, f. 46, 47, 51-53.

== 0. reticularis, Lam.

Olivseformis (Marginella) Kiener. Coq. Viv., 12, t. 8, f. 36, 1834 33

Olivancillaria, d'Orb. Voy. Am. Merid., 420, 1839.

= S. G. of Oliva, Brug 60, 90

Olivaria, Rafinesque. Anal. Nat., 1815. :== Oliva, Brug.

Olivella, Swainson. Elem. Mod. Conch., 1835 59, 63

Olivella (Marginella), Reeve. Conch Icon., f 140, 1865 31. 198

Olivellajformis (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 107, t. 7, f. 6, 1875.. 48
Olivina, d'Orbigny (not Morch). Voy. Amer. Me>id., 1839.

= Olivella, Swainson.

Olivoidea (Mitra), Cantraine, 1835. = Columbella Greci, Phil.
Olivula, Conrad. Foss. Shells, Tert., 25, t. 10, f. 5, 1832.

= S. G. of Ancillaria 61

Olorinella (Olivella), Duclos. Monogr., t. 6, f. 15, 16, 1835.

= 0. reticularis, Lam.
Olympiadina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 12, f. 10-12.

= 0. irisans, Lam., var. tremulina, Lam.
Onisca (Oliva; , Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 32, f. 7-9.

= 0. fusiformis, Lam.
Onychina (Marginella), Ad. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, 29, t. 10, f. 25,

1850. = M. Bernardii, Largill.

Opalina (Marginella), Stearns. Bost. Proc., xv, 21, 1872 23

Ophonia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 16, f. 5, 6.

= C. varia, Sowb.

Orbignyi (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 458 88

Oriola (Oliva), Duel. Monog , t. 10. f. 1, 2, 1835. 0. araneosa, Lam.
Oriula (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Wat., ed. Deshayes, x, 622. =0. ispidula, Linn.
Oriola (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 10, f. 1, 2, 1835 (in part).

== 0. reticularis, Lam.
Ornata (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., p. 13, t. 7, f. 102, 103, 1870.

= 0. irisans, Lam., var. concinna.
Ornata (Columbella), Ravenel. Proc. Elliott Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 281,

1858. Post-pliocene fossil.
Ornata (Citharopsis), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iv, p. 97, pi. 11, f. !•>,

1867. ~ C. Garretti, Tryon.

Ornata (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 246, 1870 21

Orphia (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 15, f. 1,2 134

Ortigia (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 22, f. 1, 2 175

Ortonia (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26, f. 13, 14 175

Oryza (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 11, f. 43, 1864.

= 0. acuminata, Sowb.

Oryza (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 327. - 0. nivea, Gmel.
Oryza (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t. 1, f. 9, 10. = 0. floralia, Duclos.

Oryza (Marginella), Lam. An. sans Vert., vii, 364, 1822 40

Oryza (Marginella), Pease. Zool. Proc. 147, 1860. = M. debilis, Pease.

Oselmonta (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. 7, f. 13, 14 193

Osteri (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog , 69. t. 7, f. 7 26

Ostreicola (Columbella), E. A. Smith. Proc. Zool. Soc.. 119, t. 5, f. 10,

1882 169

Othonia (Oliva), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 5, f. 22, 23.

= 0. tigrina, Lam.
Ovalis (Ancillaria), Sow. Thes. Conch., 69. t, 4, f. 82, 83.

= Young of A. cinnamomea, Lam.

INDEX. 231

Ovata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 18, f. 281, 282, 1871.

= 0. Deshayesiana, Duclos.
Ovata (Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc. 1865, p. 513.

= E. funiculata, Reeve.

Ovulata (Columbella), Lain. Anim. s. Vert., vii, p. 295, No. 11 181

Ovuloides (Meta), C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch., p. 53. C. ovulata, Lam.
Ovuliformis (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 101, t. 20, f. 33-35, 1853 ? 41

Ovulum (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i. 401, t. 78, f. 188, 1846 40

Ovum (Marginella), Reeve. Couch. Icon., f. 89, 1865.

= M. Largillierti, Kiener.

Oxillia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch Illust., t. 17, f. 9, 10 174

Ozodona (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 5, f. 19, 20. = 0 paxillus, Reeve.

Pachybatron, Gaskoin. Cassididge.

Pachydermata (Columbella), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 507, 1857.

= C. varia, Sowb.

Pacifica ( Vlarginella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 280, t. 23, f. 20, 1868. 39
Pacifica (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 15, t. 11, f. 151, 1870.

— (). mustellina, Lam.

Pacifica (Columbella), Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 4. C. zebra, Gray.
Padonosta (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. 6, f. 3, 4. = C. pardalis, Lam.
Pallescens (Columbella), Wimmer. Sitz. A. K. Wiss. Wien, 80, pi. v, p. 481.

((. fusoata, Sowb.

Palliata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., Ind<-x. = 0. rubra, Marrat.
Pallida (Oliva), Marrat. Index, Thes. Conch.. 45. = 0. nivosa, Marrat.
Pallida (Oliva), Swainson. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 21, f. 341-343.

= 0. hiatula, Gmelin.

Pallida (Bulla), Linn. Syst. Nat, edit, x, 1758. Marginella... 48

Pallida (Columbella), Philippi. Menke, Zeit., 1846, p, 53 Ill

Pallida (Columbella), Desh. in Lam. Anim. s. Vert., 2 vol., x, p. 278.

= C. varians, Sowb.

Pallidula (Marginella). Dunker. Mai. Blatt., xviii, 153, 1871 56

Pallidus (Murex), Meuschen. Mus. Gevers., 328, 1787.

Marginella pyrum, Gronov.
Palmerina (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 1, f. 15, 16 ; t. 10,

f. 16. :-- C. pardalina, Lam.
Palumbina (Columbella), Gould. Pro. Bos. S. N. H., ii, p. 27.

= C. turturina, Lam.
Pamila (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 22, f. 11, 12.

= C. parva, Sowb.
Panamensis (Erato). Carpenter. Zool. Proc., 162, 1856.

— E. columbella, Menke 10

Panniculata (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 5, f. 15-18, 1835 86

Pantherina (Oliva), Philippi. Abb., xix, 1, t. 1, f. 1. — 0. Juliettae, Duel.

Pardalina (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 270 108

Pardalis (Oliva), Adams et Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lon., 1863, p. 422,

t. 37, f. 3. :== O. triticea, Duclos.
Pariolida (Columbella). Duclos. Monogr., pi. 6, f. 1, 2. -

= C. atramentaria, Sowb.

Paros (Closia), Jouss. Monog. Marg., 92, 1872. = Marginella ovum, Rve.
Parva (Engina), Pease. Am. Jour Conch., iii, p. 276, pi. 23, f. 11, 1867. 195

Parva (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 52 168

Parvula (Oliva), Martini. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 22, f. 373, 375.

— 0. nivea, Gmelin.

Parvulum (Buccinum), Dunk. Zeit. Mai., 64, 1847. == Col. cribraria, Lam.

232 INDEX.

PAGK.

Parvus (Rhumbus), Lister. H. Conch., t. 725, f. 13 ?, 1685.
= Oliva nivea, Gmelin.

Patagonica (Marginella), von Martens. Sitzb. Berl'n, 64, 1881 51

Patula (Oliva), Sowerby. Tank. Cat. App., p. 33, No. 2331.

= 0. auricularia, Lam.
Paumotensis (Marginella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 281, t. 23, f.

22, 1868 54

Paumotensis (Columbella), Tryon 180

Pavonina (t olumbella). Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulphur, 1. 10, f.19, 20, 1844. 185

Paxillus (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 133, 1865 34

Paxillus (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 21, f. 56, a-b, 185U 85

Paytilida (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 5, f. 11, 12.
— C. Paytensis, Lesson.

Paytensis (Columbella), Lesson. Voy. Coquille, torn, ii, pt. 1, p. 402 104

Peasei (Columbella), Martens. Don. Bism., p. 23, 1871.... 166

Peasii (Margicella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 108, 1865., 53

Pedroana (Oliva), Conrad. P. R. R. Rep., v, p. 327, pi. 6, f. 51.

? — 0. bsetica, Carp.

Pelagia (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 37, f. 238, 1859 148

Peleei (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., pi. 5, f. 2, p. 24.

=• C. mercatoria. Linn.
Pellicula, Marr. Weinkauff, in Kiister, 123, t. 23, f. 11, 12.

= M. lucida, Marrat.
Pellonia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., 1. 18, f. 17, 18. Fossil.

Pellucida (Marginella), Pfeiffer. Wiegmann's Archiv , i, 258, 1840 33

Pellucida (Marginella), Schum. Nouv. Syst., 234, 1817.

= M. pallida, Donov.
Pellucida (Erato). Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 35, 1878.

? = Marginella infans, Reeve 11

Pellucida (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 27, f. 85, a-b. =s 0. lepta, Duel.
Pellucida (Columbella), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1860, p. 399.

= C. rorida, Reeve.

Pellucida (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic , xi., pi, 31, f. 199, 1859 138

Pellucida (Erato), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 16, 1865 9

Pelotma (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 2, f. 5, 6 109

Penicillata (Columbella), Carp. Ann. Nat. Hist., 1865, xv, p. 398 177

Petiolita (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 1, f 21, 22, 1835 66

Petiolita (Oliva), Gould. Mex. et Cal. shells, No. 15, Carpenter Report,

p. 231. = 0. bsetica, Carp.

Petitii (MarginePa), Duval. Rev. Zool., 279, 1841 19

Peribolus (in part), Adans. Voy. Senegal, 75, 1757. = Marginella, Lam.
Peristera, Rafinesque. Anal. Nat., 1815. r= Columbella, Lam.

Perla (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., 1, 136, 1876 56

Persicula (Voluta), var. B, Linn. Syst. Nat., 12 edit., 1189, 1769.
= Marginella cingulata, Dillw.

Persicula (Marginella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit. x. 730. 1758 36

Persicula (Marginella), Sowb. Conch. Man., f. 438, 1839.

-^= M. cornea, Lam.
Persicula (Voluta), var. Schroeter. Einleit., i, 211, 1783.

= Marginella guttata, Dillw.

Persicula, Schum. Nouv. Syst., 235, 1817. •= Marginella, Lam.
Pertusa (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 26, f. 161, 1859.

— C. versicolor, Sowb.

Peruviana (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 317.. 74

PfeifFeri (Amycla), Phil. Ads. Genera, i, 187. = Nassa, Manual, iv, 36.
Phcenospira, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 1844. = Marginella, Lam.

INDEX. 233

PAGE.

Phakena (Buccinum), Lesson. Rev. Cuv., 237, 1842. ? --_ Engina 196

Tbasinola (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 8, f. 13-16 106

Philantha (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 20, f. 5, 6, 1835.

= 0. irisans, Lam.

Philia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 16, f. 3, 4 134

Philippinarum (Columbella), Reeve. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1842, p. 199 183

Philippinarum (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lye., iv, 492, t. 17,

f. 3, 1848 51

Philodicia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, III. Conch., t. 15, f. 7, 8.

=-- C. psilla, Duel., var.
Phrygia (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 394, t. 78, f. 218, 219, 1846. 38

Phylina (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 15, f. 9, 10 159

Pica (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 310.

-0. irisans, Lam., var. tremulina, Lam.
Picata (Columbella), Swains. Treat. Mai., p. 151, f. 17, a, 1840.

= C. ovulata, Lam.

Picta (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 529, 1817. = M. pyrum, Gronov.
Picta (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 26, f. 79, 1850.

= 0. funebralis. Lam., var.

Picta (Columbella), Reeve. Concb. Ic., xi, pi. 24, f. 146, 1859 125

Picturata (Marginella), Nevill. Jour. As. boc. Bengal, 23, 1874 ; 95, t. 8,

f. 8, 9, 1875 , 25

Pindamella (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 33, f. 7, 8.

= 0. sanguinolenta, Lam.
Pindarina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 16, f. 7, 8, 1835.

:— 0. araneosa, Lam.
Pindarina, pars (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 3, f. 34 (non Duclos).

= 0. venulata, Lam.

Pinguis (Oliva), Solander. = Braziliana, Lam.

Piperita (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 72, 1844. = M. rosea, Lam.
Piperita (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch , t. 23, f. 402, 403, 1871.

— 0. jaspidea, Gmelin.

Pisum (Marginella). Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 156. 1865 40

Plana (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 463, 1871 66

Platypus (Pseudomarginella), Carriere. Zeit. Wiss. /ool., xxxvii, 99, 1882.

= Marginella glabella, Linn.
Plicaria (Columbella), Montr. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., ii, 234, t. 9, f.

3, 1862 : 160

Plicatula (Columbella), imnker. Mai. Blatt., xviii, 158, 1871 115

Plicatulum (Columbella), Dunker. Menke, Zeit., 1853, p. 50.

? = C. pulchella, Kiener.
Plochelsea, Gabb. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1872.

= S. G. of Oliva, Brug 60

Plumbea (Marginella), Solander MSS. Dillw., Desc. Cat. Voluta.
M. prunum, Gmel.

Plurisulcata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 36, f. 233, 1859 148

Plutonida (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 16. f. 1, 2 144

Poecila (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 118, t. 37^ f. 51, 52.

— C. varians, Sowb.

Polita (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 10, t. 6, f. 80. 81, 1870 84

Folita (Marginella), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 462, 1857 44

Polita (Marginella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 280, t. 23, f. 19, 1867.

= M. Peasii, Reeve.
Polita (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 34, f. 221, 1859,

? C. semiconvexa, Lam,

30

234 INDEX.

Politum (Buccinum), Cantr. Bull. Acad. Brux., ii, 392, 1835.

= Columbella minor, Sc.
Polpasta (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 16, f. 1, 2, 1835.

— 0. araneosa, Lam., var.

Polyodonta (Marginella), Velain. Ar. Zoo. Ex., vi, 108, t. 3, f. 1, 2, 1877. 45
Ponderosa (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 13, f 8, 9, 1835.

= 0. erythrostoma, Lam.

Porcata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 30, f. 195, 1859 157

Porcea (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch , p. 6, t. 3, f. 35, 1870.

= 0. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettae.

Porcellana (Marginella), amelin. Syst. Nat., 3419, 1788 37

Porcellana (Voluta), Wood. Index Test., t. 19, f. 58, 1828.

= Marginella persicula, Linn.
Porcellana (Voluta), Perry. Conch., t. 17, f. 2, 1811.

= Marginell* elegans, Gmel.

Porcellana (in part), Adan. Voy. Senegal, 55, 1757. —^Marginella, Lam.
Porcellanella, Conr. Pro. Phil. Acad., 564, 1862. : Marginella, Lam... 16
Porphyreticus (Cylinder), d'Argenville. \= Oliva porphyria, Linn.

Porphyria (Oliva), Linn. Syst. Nat,, 12 edit., 1187... 74

Porphyria, Bolten, Mus., 1798. = Strephona, Browne.

Porphyria, Morch. ;= Oliva, Brug.

Porphyritica (Oliva) (Martini), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 5, f. 105-110,

= 0, erythrostoma, Lam., Desh.
Poucheti (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 46, t, 1, f. 3, 1851

? = M. glabella, Linn., var 17

Praecallosa (Marginella), Higgins. Marr., Quar. Jour. Conch., 1, 136, 1876 32
Prayensis (Erato), Rochbrune. Nouv. Arch. Mus., 2 ser., iv, 294, t. 17,

f. 16, 1881 12

Pretrii (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. -111., . t. 16, f. 7, 8 144

Procera (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. So., 1832, p. 119. =Cantharus.
Propatula (Oliva), Conrad. Pro. A. N. S. fhila., iv, p. 156, 1849 ; Jour.

A. N. S., 2 ser., i, t. 39, f. 7. := 0. hiatula, Gmelin.
Propingua (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 11, f. 141, 142, 1870.

— 0. funebralis, Lam.

Prosymnia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26, f. 7, 8 174

Pruinosa (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. P-roc , 74, 1844.

— M. nivosa, Hinds.

Prunum (Marginella), Gmel. Syst. Nat., 3446, 1788 29

Prunum (Voluta), in part, Gmelin. Syst. Nat., 3446, 1788.

= Marginella amygdala, Kiener.
Prunum (Martini), H. and A. Adams. Genera, i, 191. = Marginella, Lam. 28

Pseudofaba (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846 21

Pseudomarginella, Maitzan. Nachrichtsblatt Deutsch. Malak. Gesell., xii,

108, 1880.
Pseudo scripta (Columbella), d'Orb. Prodr., iii, 175. — C. scripta, Linn.

Psilla (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 15, f. 5, 6 134

Pterygia, Link. Mus. Rostock. = Marginella, Lam.

Pudica (Columbella), Brazier. Pro. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., i, p. 231, 1877.. 139

Pudica (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc., 18, 1849.

— M chrysomelina, Redf.

Puelcha (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 4, bis, f. 4-6 (non d'Orb., nee Duclos-

Chenu). = 0. tehuelchana, d'Orb.

Puelchana (Oliva), d'Orb. Voy. Amer., 428, t. 49, f. 13-19 70

Puella (Marginella), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 385, 1860 49

Puella (Columbella), Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 65, 1858.

= C. conspersa, Gask.

INDEX. 235

PAGE.

Pulchella (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 27, t. 9, f. 40, 1834 38

Pulchella (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 131, t. 39, f. 121,

122. — C. elegantuia, Murch.

Pulchella (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 5, f. 11, 12, 1835 71

Pulchella (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 30, f. 98, a, b, 1850.

0. nivea, Gmelin.
Pulchellum (Buccinum), Kiener. Coq. Viv., t. 18, f. 68. = Columbella.. 157

Pulcherrima (Marginella), Gaskoin* Zool. Proc., 21, 1849 39

Pulcherrima (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 113 185

Pulchra (Marginella), Gray. ZooL Beechey's Voy., 135, t. 36, f. 20, 1839. 29
Pulchra (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 37, t. 24, f. 429, 1871.

= 0. i'ortunei, Adams.

Pulchra (Engina), Reeve. (Buccinum), Conch. Ic., fig. 80, 1846 191

Pulchrior (Columbella), C. i*. Adams. Cat, Sh. Panama, p. 94, 1852 177

Pulicaria (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 464, 1871.

= 0. lepta, Duclos.

Pulicaris (Columbella), Lesson. Rev. Zoo. Cuv. Soc., 1842, p. 185 187

Pulla (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 23, f. 411, 1871.

=d O. Anazora, Duclos.

Pulla (Columbella), Gaskoin, Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 6 127

Pulvis (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 86, t. 7, f. 2 46

Pumila (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 252, 1870 26

Pumila (Columbella), Dunker. Mai. Blatt., vi, p. 224.... 150

Pumila (Columbella), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 1863, pi. 12, f. 4, p.

281. = C. atrata, Gould.

Pumilio (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 24, f. 147, 1859 187

Punctata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 12, 13, 1870.

= 0. araneosa, var. venulata, Lam.

Punctata (Columbella), Sowb. Genera of Shells, f. 5. = C. flava, Brug.
Punctata (Columbella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., x, 273.

= C. fulgurans, Lam., var.

Punctatum (Buccinum), Brug. •— Columbella discors, Gmelin.
Punctulata (Marginella), Petit. Rev. ZooL, 185, 1841.

'.' : M. nivosa, Hinds.

Punctulata (Columbella), Risso. Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer. Moll., p. 206.
C. rustica, Linn.

Pungens (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 133, Bost. Proc., vii, 1860 143

Pura (Columbella), Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, 515 162

Pura (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 30, f. 97, a, b.

= 0. tehuelchana, d'Orb.
Purpurascens (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Pro. Bos. S. N. H., vol. 2,

p. 2. C. dormitor, Sowerby.
Purpurata (Oliva), Swains Zool. 111., 2 ser., t. 2, f. 1.

= 0. dama, Mawe.

Purpuroides (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 88-2852, 1839 187

Pusilla (Marginella), H. Adams. ZooL Proc., 303, t. 19, f. 1, 1867.

= M. pumila, Redfield.
Pusilla (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 21, f. 356-358,,1871.

— 0. mutica, Say.

Pusilla (Columbella), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1862, p. 244.
— rC. fusiformis, Pease.

Pusilla (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1844, p. 53 115

Pusiola (Columbella), Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 157, 1871.

— C. gracilis, Pease.

Pusiostoma, Swainson. Malacol., 150, 313, 1840 103, 196

Pygmaea (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo, Soc., 1832, p. 119 166

236 INDEX.

Pygmaea, Humphrey. Mus. Calonn.., 28, 1797. Morch, Jour, de Conchyl.,

2 ser., iii, 255, 1858. =r= Columbella, Lam.
Pygmgea (Marginella). Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 386, t. 75, f. 78, 79, 1846.

= M. translucida, Sowb.
Pygraaea (Marginella), Issel. Mai. Mar. Rosso, 116, 1869.

= M. Isseli, Nevill.
Pygmaea (Marginella), Garrett. Proc. Acad; Nat. Sc. Phil., 217, t, 2, f.

27, 1873. := M. Sandwicensis, Pease.

Pygmaea (Oliva), Keeve. Conch. Ic., t. 26, f. 75, 1850 86

Pyramidalis (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 4, f. 11, a, b.

= A. Australis, Sowerby.
Pyrene, Bolten. Mus. Calonn., 95, 1798. Ad. Genera, 185, 1853.

— Conidea, Swainson.

Pyriformis (Marginella), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch , iii, 280, t. 23, f. 21,

1868. = M. trans at«, Redfield.
Pyriformis (Volutella), Carpenter. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., v, 148, 1865.

— Marginella 41

Pyrostoma (i olumbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 116 195

Pyrulata (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lye., iv, 494, 1848 17

Pyrulum (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 117, 1865 42

Pyrulus (Murex), Meuschen. Mus. Gevers , 328, 1787.

= Marginella glabella, Linn.
Pyrum (Marginella), Gronov, Zooph., 298, 1781 18

Quadrifasciata (Marginella), Marrat. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., xii,

426, 1873 56

Quadrilineata (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc , 17, 1849 47

Quersolina (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t. 10, f. 7, 8. := 0. episcopalis, Lam.

Quinqueplicata (Marginella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., vii. 356, 1822 30

Quintilia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 19, f. 13, 14.
= C. pardalina, Lam.

Radiata (Marginella), Lam. = Voluta zebra, Leach.

Ramola, Gray. Zool. Proc., 39, 1858. = Lamprodoma, Swainson.

Rasamola (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 6, f. 5, 6, 1835.

=f 0. volutella, Lam.

Rasolia (Columbella), Duel. Monogr., pi. 10, f. 7, 8. =C scripta, Linn.
Reclusa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., i. 17, f. 264.

= 0. fusiformis, Lam.
Recurva (Engina), Reeve. (Ricinula) Conch. Ic., iii, f. 53, 1846.

= E. bella, Reeve.

Recurva (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1832, f. 115 187

Redfieldii (Marginella), Tryon 34

Reeveana (Ricinula), C. B. Ad. Pan. Cat., 102, 1850.

== Engina pulchra, Reeve.
Reeveana (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 51, 1851.

== M. splendens.'fleeve.

Reevei (Engina), Tryon 191

Reevei (Columbella), Carpenter. 2d Report, 567, 1864 118

Reevei (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit,, p. 104, t. 3, f. 100,

a, b, 1857. = 0. nivea, Gmel.

Regularis (Marginella), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist , xv, 398, 1865 43

Regulus (Columbella), Souverbie. Jour, de Conch., 41, 1864.

= C. atrata, Gould.
Reticularis, pars (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 52.

= 0. fusiformis, Lam.

INDEX. 237

PAGE.

Reticularis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 314, No. 16 83

Reticularis, pars (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 52.

0. Cumingi, Reeve.
Reticularis, var. (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit., p. 52.

= O. venulata, Lam.
• Reticularis, pars (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr , t. 9, f. 3, 4, 8.

= 0. araneosa, Lam.

Reticulata (Oliva), Bolt. = 0. sanguinolenta, Lam.
Reticulata (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., edit. 2, ix, p. 270.

= C. rustica, Linn.
Retusa (Volvaria), Brown. = Bulla retusa.

Retusa (Columbella), Anton. Verzeichniss, p. 88, No. 2847, 1839 187

Ringens (Oliva), Solander MSS. = 0. hiatula, Gmelin.

Rivoliana (Harpa), Less. 111. Zoo., t. 36. — H. crenata, Swainson.

Roblini (Columbella,) Woods. Pro. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1875, p. 151 128

Rorida (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. lc., xi, pi. 28, f. 176, 1859... 147

Ros (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 147, 1865 46

Rosacea (Columbella), Gould. Am. Jour. Sci., xxxviii, 197 160, 198

Rosacea (Columbella), Reeve. Conch, lc., xi, pi. 29, f. 183, 1859.

= C. semiconvexa, Lam.

Rosalina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 1. f. 1, 2 65

Roscida (Marginella), Redfield. Proc. Phila. Acad., 174, 1860 33

Rosea (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 46, 1846. — Engina 192

Rosea (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat., x, p. 133 99

Rosea (Harpa), adult, Kiener. T. 5, f. 8, a. = H. crena'a, Swainson.

Rosea (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 356, 1822 18

Rostrata (Marginelia), Redfield. Cat 246, 1870. — M. oblonga, Swains.

Rubella (Marginella), U. B. Ad. Bost. Proc., ii, 1, 1845 52

Rubens (Marginella), von Martens. Sitzb. Berlin, 63, 1881 30

Rubicuudula (Columbella), Quoy. Voy. de 1' Astr., ii, 528, pi. 40, f. 25, 26.

'.' ~ C. flava, Brug.

Rubiginosa (Ancillaria), Swainson. Zool.'Ill., ii, t. 4 94

Rubra (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 25, f. 459, 460, 1871.

= 0. nivea, Gmelin,

Rubra (Columbella), von Martens. Sitzb. Berlin, 76, 1881...'. 152

Rubrafasciata (Marginella), Jousseaume. Guerin's Mag., 221, 1875.

= M. fasciata, Sowb.
Rudis (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch , i, p. 116, t. 36, f. 33-35.

= C. mercatoria, Linn.

Rufa (Columbella), Menke. Zeit., 1853, p. 75. ? = C. rustica, Linn.
Rufescens (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 112, 1865.

= M. secalina, Phil.

Rufifasciata (Oliva), Carpenter. Report, p. 339. = 0. bsetica, Carp.
Rufifasciata (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. lc., t. 28, f. 88, a, b, 1850.

= 0. mutica, Say.
Rufonotatum (Sistrum), Carp. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 3 ser., xiv, 48, 1864.

== Engina pulchra, Reeve.
Rufopicta (Oliva), Weinkauff, in Kiister, 88, t. 23, f. 11,, 12.

= 0. aniomina, Duel.
Rufotincta (Columbella), Carpenter. Mazat. Cat., 511, 1857.

= C. diminuta, C. 13. Ad.
Rufula (Marginella), Gaskoin. Ann. Nat. Hist., 2 ser., xi, 359, 1853.

— M. neglecta. Sowb.

Rufula (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 19, f. V, 10, 1835 75

Rugosa (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115 152

Rugulosa (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 133, t. 39, f. 131 156

238 INDEX.

PAGE.

Rumilia (Golumbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. Illust., t. 17, f. 15, 16 174

Russelli (Columbella), Brazier. P. Zoo. Soc., 1874, p. 671, pi. 83, f. 17, 18. 128

Rustica (Columbella), Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 1190 107

Rustics, (Coiumbella), Sowb. Genera, f. 3. ;= C. Paytensis, Lesson.
Rutila (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 49, 1846. -.= Eagina 192

Saccharata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 29, f. 187, 1859.

= C. semiconvexa, Lam.
Sagena (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 26, f. 162.

= C. pardalis, Lam.

Sagitta (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 10 145

Sagittata (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 76, 1844 39

Sagittata (Marginella), in part, Sowb. Thes., f. 224 (not 223).

-= M. pulcherrima, Gaskoin.

Sagra (Columbella), d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, p. 137, t. 21, f. 28-30, 1853.. 164
Saint Pairiana (Columbella), Caillet. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser. , iv, 279,

t. 11, f. 4, 1864 165

Sandella, Gray. Guide Moll., Brit. Mus., 26, 1857. Ancillaria, Lam.

Sandwicensis (Marginella), Pease. Zool. Proc., 147, 1860 45

Sandwicensis (Erato), Pease. Zool. Proc., 146, 1860 9

Sandwichensis (Oliva), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 145.

= 0. Duclosi, Reeve,
Sandwichensis (Columbella), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1861, p. 244.

= C. turturina, Lam.

Sanguinolenta (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 316 79

Santa Barbarensis (Columbella), Carpenter. P. Z. S., 1856, p. 208.

== C. Reevei, Carpenter.
Sapotilla (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 74, 1844. — M. prunum, Gmel.

Sarda (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 30. t. 4, f. 42, 1834 47

Sarda (Ancillaria), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t, 9, f. 33, a, b.

= A. cinnamomea, Lam.

Satorida (Cglumbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 26, f. 1, 2.., 191

Saulcyana (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 90, 1865.

== M. cincta, Kiener.

Saulcyana (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 47, t. 1, f. 11, 1851.
M. marginata, Born, minor.

Saulise (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 386, t. 75, f. 68, 1846 27

Savignyi (Marginella), Issel. Moll. Mar. Rosso, 115, 1859.

? = M. miliaria, Linn.
Sbina (Columbella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 32. C. albina, Kiener.

Scabriuscula (Erato), Gray. Desc. Cat., 16, 1832 11

Scalarina (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 116.

= C. varia, Sowb.

Scalaris (Marginella), Jjuss. Monog., 26, t. 7, f. 9. M. striata, S^wb.
Soalpta (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 37, f. 235, 1859.,... 7?.... Ill
Scaphella (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., t. 2, f. 37, 38

= A. Mauritiana, Sowb.
Scaphula, Swains, (not Benson). Malacol., 132, 322, 1840.

= Lentricula, H. and A. Ad.

Scaphula, Gray. Zool. Proc., 40, 1858. -- Callianax, H. and A. Ad.
Schmeltziana (Erato), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., xv, 301, t. 11, f. 5, 1867. 11
Schrammi (Engina), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3d ser., iii, 82, 1863.

— E. rosea, Reeve.
Schrammi (Columbella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., iv, 364, t. 12, f. 3, 4,

1853. = C. dichroa, Sowb.
Scintella (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 68 26

INDEX. 239

Scitula (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 9, t. 6, f. 76, 77, 1870.

- 0. mustellina, Lam.

Scripta (Columbella), Lam. Hist. Nat., ed. ii, x, 270.

= C, versicolor, Sowb.

Scripta (Columbella), Linn. Syst. Nat., edit, xii, 1225 130

Scripta (Oliva), L*»m. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 315 82

Scripta (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 73, 1844 25

Scurra (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., p. 31, f. 380, 1871.

0. nivea, Gmelin.

Scutulata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 30, f. 191, 1859.
C. catenata, Sowb.

Seculina (Marginella), Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, 197, t. 27, f. 19, 1844 53

Segesta (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 28, f. 5, 6 175

Selasia (Oliva). Duclos. Monogr., and in Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 2, f. 19, 20.

= 0. volutella, Lam.

Semen (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 145, 1865 46

Semiconvexa (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 171 125

Sem'nella, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, 2ol, 1867 102

Seminula (Marginella), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 384, 1860 56

Seminula (Marginella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 72, 1881 57

Semiplicata (Columbella), Stearns. Pro. A. N. S. Phila , 1873, p. 344.

— -C. avara, Say.
Semipunctata (Columbella), Lam. Kiener, Coq. Viv., pi. 8.

U. discors, Gmelin.
gemistriata (Oliva), Gray. Zool. in Beechey's Voy., p. 136, t. 36, f. 10,

1839. 0. columellaris, Sowb.
Senegalensis (Oliva), Lam. AnD. du Mus., xvi, p. 318.

— - 0. peruviana, Lam.

Sepulturalis (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat,, vii, p. 401. = 0. maura, Lam.
Sericea (Oliva), Bolten. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 10, f. 131-133.

0. textilina, Lam.

Serpentina (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog:, 17. — M. ornata, Redf.
Serrata (Anneals), Carp. Mazatlan, Cat. Zool. Proc., 273, 1865, p. 509,

1857 178

Serrata (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc., 19, 1849...... 26

Serrata, Jousseaume. Monog. Marginella. Guerin's Mag., 1875.
Marginella, Lam.

Sertulariarum (Columbella), d'Orb. Voy. Am. Mer., pi. 61, f. 13-17 150

Sexplicata (Marginella), Dunker. Cat. Mus. Godeff., 3, 1871 31

Sidelia (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., 1. 19, f. 1, 2, 1835 87

Signata (Oliva), Lischke. Mai. Blatt,, 1873, p. 20. = 0. Fortunei, Adams.
Simeri (Marginella), var. Jousseaume. Monog., 53. - M. fusca, Sowb.
Similis (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 14, f. 205-.207, 1870.

= 0. Lecoquiana, Ducros.
Similis (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. A N. S. Phila., 18b'l, p. 41.

- C. avara, Say.

. Similis (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch , 64, t. 1, f. 17.

: A. cingulata, Sowb.

Similis (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 97, 1846. -= M.'obesa, Redfield.
Simplex (Mnrginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 115, 1865.
: M. infelix, Jousseaume.

Simplex (Oliva), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., 1867, p. 281, t. 23, f. 24 72

Simpronia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 15, f. 19, 20.

C. rustica, Linn.
Sinensis (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 3, f. 50, 51 95

240 INDEX.

Siouata (Columbella), Sowb. P. Z. Soo., 1874, p. 600, pi. 72, f. o, 3 a.

? = C. rugosa, Sowb.
Smithi (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1877, p. 172, t. 20, f. 7.

— C. lentiginosa, Reeve.

Solidula (Harpa), A. Adams. P. Z. S. L., 1853, p. 173.

•=. H. minor, Lam.

Solidula (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 24, f. 149, 1859 147

Sonsonatensis (Pygmaea), Morch. Jour. Conch., 1859, p. 257 ; Mai. Blatt.,

vii, 92, 1861 105

Sordida (Columbella), d'Orb. Voy. Am. Mer., pi. 77, f. 2; 3.

= C. unifasciata, Sowb.

Sordida (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 137, '865 54

Souverbiei (Columbella), Crosse. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 161, pi. v, fig 9. Ill
Sowerbyana (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 53, 57, 1831.

= M. monilis, Linn.
Sowerbyi (Oliva), Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 114, IIP, 1870.

— 0. reticularis, Lam.

Sowerbyi (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. Grit., p. 105, t. 3, f. 103,

a, b, 1857. == 0. rosalina, Duclos.
Sowerbyi (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 19, f. 5, 6.

= C. Boivini, Kiener.

Spadicea (Columbella), Philippi. Zeit. Mai., 1846 168

Sparella, Gray. Guide Moll. Brit, Mus., 26, 1857. = Ancillaria, Lam.
Sparsa (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 31, f. 200, 1859.

= C. catenata, Sowb.
Speciosa (Columbella), Angas. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1877, p. 35, t. v, f. 3...... 171

Spectrum (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 30, f. 194, 1859.

= C. varians, Sowb.

Splendens (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Syst., ii, t. 277, f. 2, 3, 18*3 21

Splendidula (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 120, t, 37, f 65, 66.

= C. discors, Gmel.

Splendidula (Oliva), Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., p. 32, 1825 74

Spicula (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, III. Conch., t. 16, f. 9, 10.

= C. Cumingii, Reeve.

Spilota (Marginella), Ravenel MSS 56

Spirantha (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. Elliott Soc., i, p.. 281, 1859 131

Spiratella (Columbella), von Martens. Mobius, Mauritius, 248, t. 20, f.

12, 1880 i 152

Spiriplana (Marginella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 310, 1882. 198

Spongiarum (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 3, f, 13-16.

• = C. rustica, Linn.

Spreta (Oliva), Gould. Otia, p. 137. ? — 0. Fortnnei, Adams.

Spurca (Columbella), Sowerby. Zool. Proc., 113, 1832.

Stainforthii (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t 19, f. 40, a, b, 1850 84

Stanislas (Marginella), Tenison-Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, .133,

1876 .\.. 56

Stearnsii (Columbella), Tryon 179

Steerise (Oliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 18, f. 37, 1850.

= O. hiatula, Gmelin.
Steltata (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 8, f. 11, 12.

? = 0. Lecoquiana, Ducros.
Stipon (Marginella), Jousseaume. Mag. de Zool., 241, 1875.

= M. oryza, Lam.
Storeria (Marginella), Couthuoy. Bost. Jour., i, 440, t. 9, f. 1, 2, 1837.

= M. marginata, Born, minor.

INDEX. 241

Strangei (Marginella), Angas. /ool. Proc., 172, t. 26, f. 8, 1877.

— M. translucida, Sowb.

Strenella (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 8, f. 1-3 157

Strephona, Browne. Hist. Jamaica, 408, 1756. = Oliva, Brug.
Striarella (Murex), Calcara (1841). — Columbella Greci; Phil,

Striata (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat., x, p. 133 , 99

Striata (Engina), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 275, pi. 23, f. 10, 1867. 195
Striata (Columbella), Menke. Verzeichn. No. 834, 1828.

= C. rustica, Linn.

Striata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 6, f. 5-8. — C. rustica, Linn.
Striata (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 375, t. 75, f. 81, 82, 1846.. 25
Striatula (Harpa), A. Adams. P. Z. S. L., 1853, p. 173, t. xx, f. 7 u. 8.

— Young of H. conoidalis, Lam.

Striatula (Columbella), i>kr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, p. 155, 1871 176

Stricta (Columbella), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, 340, 1882 163

Strigata (Columbel'a), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 25, f. 154, 1859.

= C. Broderipii, Sowb.
Strigata (uliva), Reeve. Conch. Ic., t. 25, f. 72, a, b, 1850.

= O. mutica, Say, var. nitidula.

Strigata (Marginella), Dillw. Desc. Cat., 530, 1817. = M. elegans, Gmel.
Striolata (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch. = A. cinnamomea, Lam.
Strix (Columbella), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, 338, 1882.

= C. Verrilli, ball.

Strombiformis (Columbella), Lam. Anim. s. Vert., x, p. 266 104

Strombina, Morch. Yoldi Cat., 85, 1852 .v.102, 183

Suavis (Margineila), Souv. Jour, de Conch., vii, 376, 1859 27

Subacta (Columbella strix, var.), Watson. Jour. Linn. Soc., xvi, 339,

1882. = C. Verrilli, Dall.

Subangulata (Oliva), Philippi. Abb., xix, i, 1. 1, f. 2. = 0. araneosa, Lam.
Subbulbosa (Marginella), Tate. Proc. Philod. Soc. Adelaide, 1877-78,

p. 86 , 55

Subcaerulea (Marginella), Martini. Morch. = M. prunum, Gmel.
Subcostata (Oolumbella), C. B. Adams. Krebs' Cat., 30.

— C. costulata, C. B. Ad.

Sublaevis (Columbella), Montr. Jour, de Conch., 3d s., iv, p. 270, 1864.

= C. Marquesana, Gask.
Subtrigona (Marginella), Carpenter. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., xv, 397,

1865 i 43. 198

Subtriplicata (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii, 99, 1853 49

Subturrita (Anachis), Carp. Pro. Cal. Ac. Sc., iii, p. 223 178

Subulata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 9, f. 15, 16 148

Subulata (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 140, pi. 40, f. 158

and 159 186

Subulata (Oliva), Lam. Am. du Mus.,xvi, p. 323. = 0. acuminata, Lam.
Subulata, pars (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 12, f. 7, 1835.

= 0. nebulosa, Lam.

Subvitrea (Columbella), Smith. Zool. Proc., 209, 1879. = Pleurotomidse.
Succinea (Marginella), Conrad. Proc. Phil. Acad., 26, t 1, f. 17, 1846... 34
Sulziensis (Marginella), Issel. Mai. Mar. Rosso, 115, 1869.

= M. minuta, Pfr.

Suffusa (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., i, p. 142, pi. 40, f. 166, 167. 155
Sugillata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., xi, pi. 29, f. 189, 1859...... 145

Sulcata (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, ii* 102, t. 21, f. 14-16, 1853.

? = M. striata, Sowb.

Sulcata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 1, f. 13,14 109

Sulcosa (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 118 176

31

242 INDEX.

Sulcifera (Erato), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 14, 1865.

= E. lachryma, Gray 8

Sulcifera (Erato). Gray. Desc. Cat., 16, 1832 11

Suturalis (Columbella), Gray. Griffith, Anim. King, pi. 41, f. 6.

= C, fluctuata, Sosvb.
Swainsoniana (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 55, 1851.

=: M. phrygia, Sowb.

Sylvia (Oliva), Duclos in Chenu, t. 14, f. 10-13. = 0. erythrostoma, Lam .
Syria (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 23, f. 1, 2.

= Lagena leucozonalis, Lam., juv. Manual, iii, 96.

Tamiata (Columbella), Philippi. Zeit. Mai., 1846 167

Tseniata (Columbella), Adams and Reeve. Moll. Voy. Samar., 34, pi. 11,

f. 19. = C. Marquesana, Gask.

Tteniata (Marginella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 96, 1846 52

Tamelana (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 13, f. 9, 10. Fossil.

Tankervillei (Ancillaria), Swainson. Jour. Sc., xviii, p. 283 95

Tantilla (Marginella), Gould. Bost. Proc., vii, 384, 1860 55

Tasmanica (Marginella), Tenison- Woods. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 28,

1875 23

Tasmanica (Ancillaria) Tenison-Woods. Pr. R. Soc. Tasmania, 1876,

135 = V«r. of A. marginata, Lam.

Tayloriana (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 36, f. 225, 1859 141

Tehuelchana (Oliva), d'Orb. Voy. en Am. mer., t. 40, f. 7-12 68

Telea (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, Conch. Illust., t. 25, f. 13, 14 190

Tenebrica (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 30. f. 204, 1859 128

Tenebrosa (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 13, f. 177, 1870.

=i 0. tremulina, Lam.
Tenebrosa (Voluta) (Mawe), Wood. Ind. Test. Suppl., t. 4, f. 38.

= Oliva undatella, Lam.

Tenera (Marginella), Menke. Syn. Meth., 88, 1828 55

Tenisoni (Columbella), Tryon 128

Tentoria (Oliva), Link. = Porphyria, Linn.
Tenuis (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t, 22, f. 385.

= 0. gracilis, Brod. and Sowb.

Tenuis (Columbella), Gask. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 2 127

Teophania (Columbella), Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 20, f. 1, 2 164

Tergina (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t, 2, f. 13-16 66

Terpsichore (Columbella), Menke. Zeit. Mai., 185, 1851.

? — C. coronata, Sowb.

Terpsichore (Columbella), SoAvb. Genera Shells, f. 6 154

Terquemi (Columbella), Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zoo., i, p. 265, pi. v, f.

1, 2, 1876 187

Terveriana (Marginella), Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, 49, t, 2, f. 2, 1851.

= M. monilis. Linn.

Tessellata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 320, n. 38 87

Tessellata (Columbella), Dkr. Mai Blatt, xviii, p. 15(3.

? = C. rorida, Reeve.
Tessellata (Columbella), C. B. Adams. Cat. Panama Shells, 103, 1852.

= C. Guatemalensis, Reeve.
Tessellata (Marginella), Sowb. (part). Thes. Conch., t. 5, f. 195.

— M. chrysomelina, Redfield.
Tessellata (Marginella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 361, 1822.

=m M. porcellana, Urn el.
Testacea (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 324. := 0. hiatula, Gmel.

INDEX. 243

PAGE.

Testae (Buccinum), Aradas. Descr. delle conch, foss. Gravitelli presso

Messina, p. 28, 1847. = Columbella costulata, Cant.

Testina (Columbella). Duclos. Monogr., pi. 7, f. 11, 12 175

Testudinalis (Harpa), Auct. Reeve, [con., sp. 9. := H. crenata, Swains.
Textilina (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, 309, n. 2.

= 0. irisans, Lam., var.
Thomasi (Oliva), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., ix, p. 173, t. 6, f. 3, 4, 1861... 85

Ticaonis (Columbella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, p. 134 126

Tigrina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 1, f. 7-10.

= C. versicolor, Sowb.
Tigrina (Oliva), Meuschen. Marrat. in Thes. Conch., t. 15, f. 222-224.

= 0. tessellata, Lam.

Tigrina (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat, vii, p. 432 75

Timora (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 1, f. 4 (non Duclos).

0. angulata, Lain.
Timorensis (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 17, f. 11-13.

~- 0. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettse.

Tincta (Anachis?), Carp. Ann. Nat. Hist., 1864, xiv, p. 48 178

Tisophana (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. 11!., t. 17, f. 17, 18.

0. reticularis, Lam.

Todosina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 25, f. 9, 10. = 0. sidelia, Duclos.
Tornatella (Marginella), Savigny. Moll, de 1' Egypt. ? i= Tornatella.
Torosa (Ancillaria) (Vleuschen), Sowerby. Thes. Coach., t. 2, f. 30, 31.

= A. Mauritiana. Sowerby.

Torticula (Marginella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 73, 1881 58

Tortoliva, Conr. Am. Jour. Conch., i, 143, 211, t. 21, f. 4, 1865.

''. Agaronia, Gray

Traillii (Marginella), Reeve. Couch. Icon., t. 21, f. 114, 1865 31

Translata (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Marg., 259, 1870 44

Translirata (Columbella), Ravenel. Pro. A. N. S. Phila., 1861, p. 42.

'.' C. avara, Say.
Translucida ( Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 376, t. 75, f. 62, 63, 1846. 26

Tremulina (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 310 80

Tribalteata (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 102, 1865.

M. exilis, Gmelin. •

Tricincta (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 76, 1844 31

Tricolor (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 316 76

Tricolor (Ancillaria), Gray. App. Aroy. Fly, ii, p. 357.

= Young of A. Australia, Sow.

Tridentata (Marginella), Tate. Proc. Phila. Soc. Adelaide, 87, 1878 55

Trifasciata (Lachryma), Humphr. Cat. —-Erato lachryma, Gray.
Trif-isciata (Ricinula), Reeve. Icon., sp. 41, 1846.

= Engina alveolata,- Kiener.

Trijridella (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 8, f. 13-16, 1835.
0. ispidula, Linne.

Tringa (Columbella), Lam. Edit. Desh., x, 325 181

Tringa (Mitra), Costa. Cat, Moll. Sicil., p. 72, No. 5.

: Columbella rust ica, Linn.
Tringua (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 8, f. 5, 6, 1835.

= 0. elegans, var. tricolor, Lam.
Triplicata (Marginella), Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 20, f. 30-32.

M. subtriplicata, Orb 35

Triplicata (Marginella), Gaskoin. Zool. Proc., 19, 1849 35

Triticea (Volvaria), var. B, Lam. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 363, 1822.

- Marginella secalina, Phil.
Triticea (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 1, f. 5, 6, 1835 72

244 INDEX.

Triticea (Volvaria), Lamarck. An. sans Vert., vii, 3(53, 1822.

= Marginella exilis, Gmelin.
Triticum (Buccinum), Solander. Wimmer, Sitzb. Acad. Wien, Ixxx, 483.

= Columbella pulchella, Sow. (not Kiener).
Triumphalis (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 5, f. 15, 10.

= Cantharus distortus, Gray. Vol. iii, 165.

Troglodytes (Columbelia), Souv. Jour, de Conch., 1866, p. 145. pi vi, f. 4. 165
Tronsoni (Ancillaria), Sowb. Thes. Conch., 58, t. 2, f. 20, 21.

= 0. cinnamomea, Lam.
Trumbulli (Fusus), Gould. Am. Jour. Sci., vi, 235, f. 7, 1843.

= Columbella lunata, Say.
Truncata (Oliva), Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 41, 1870.

n= 0. araneosa, Lam., var. Juliettae.

Tuberculata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 27, f. 173, 1859 156

Tuberculosa (Engina), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1862, p. 243 195

Tuberosa (Oliva), Bolt. = 0. inflata, Lam.

Tuberosa (Columbella), Carp. Ann. Nat. Hist., 1865, xv, -p. 398 135

Tumida (Columbella), Reeve (not Duclos). Icon., f. 63, 1858.

— C. rustica, Linn.

Tumida (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 13, f. 13, 14. Fossil.
Tunguina (Oliva), Marrat (not Duclos). Thes. Conch, f. 406, 1871.

= M. mutica, Say.
Tunquina (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 6, f. 1, 2, 1835.

= 0. mandarina, Duclos.

Turbida (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 2, f. 1-2 133

Turb'nata (Marginella), Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 385, t. 75, f. 70, 71, 1846. 23

Turbinella (Ricinula), Kiener. Purpura, 29, t. 9, f. 25. - Engina 192

Turnbullii (Columbella), Linsl. H. and A. Adams, Genera, i, 187.

= C. lunata, Say.

Turrita (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 115 186

Turturina (Columbella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., x, p. 273 109

Tyermani (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 136, 1876 22

Tyleri (Columbella), Gray. Griffith's Cuv. Anim. King.

= C. pardalina, Lam., var.

Uncinata (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114 196

Undata (Amycla), Carp. MSS. labels (non Carp. Sup. Rep.).
= Amphissa versicolor, Dall.

Undata (Amycla), Carp. Pro. Cal. Ac. Sc., iii, p. 159, 1864 , 177

Undata (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 4, f. 3-4. := C. tringa, Lam.
Undata (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., ed. Deshayes, x, 618.

— 0. inflata, Lam.

Undatella (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi., p. 326 70

Undulata (Marginella), Desh. in Lam., edit. 2, x, 451, 1844.

= M. elegans, Gmel.
Unicolor (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 119.

= C. unifasciata, Sowb.

Unifasciata (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 114 116

Unifascialis (Columbella), Lam. Anim. sans Vert., p. 273 117

Unilineata (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 12.

— M. fusiformis, Hinds, var.

Unizonalis (Columbella), Gray. Moll. Voy. Blossom, p. 129.

= C. unifasciata, Sowerby.
Urceus (Oliva), Bolt. = Brasiliana, Lam.
Ustulata (Oliva) Lamk. Anim. sans Vert,, v, 10, p. 620.

= 0. reticularjs, Lam.

INDEX.

Utriculina, Gray. Zool. Proc., 140, 1847. Olivancillaria, d'Orb.
Utriculus (Oliva), Gmelin. Lam., Ann. «Ju Mus., xvi, p. 323.

= 0. gibbosa, Born.

Utriculus, juv (Oliva), Duel. Monogr., t. 17, f. 3, 4 == 0. nebulosa. Lam.
Uvania (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., p'. 10, f. 5, 6 133

Valentina (Oliva), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 28, f. 23, 24.
= 0. dactyliola, Duclos.

Valga (Columbella). Gould. Pro. BJS. Soc. N. H., vol. iii, p. 169 158

Valida (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic , xi, pi. 21, f. 151, 1859.

= C. costellata, Sowb.

Valveta (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi 13, f. 7, 8. Fossil.
Varia ( \Jarginella), in part, Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, 390, t. 76, f. 137-140,

1846. ;= M. avena, Valenc.
Varia (Marginella), in part, Sowb. Zool. Proc , 97, 1846.

= M. alb)lineata, Orb.

Varia (Cithara), Pease. Pro. Zoo. Soc. Lon., 1860, p. 147.
— Columbella Peasei, Mart.

Varia (Columbella), Sowerby. Pro. Zoo. SJG., 1832, p. 116 154

Variabilis (Oliva), Gray. Zool. Proc., 47, 1858. = 0. ispidula, Linn.
Variabilis (Engina), Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, p. 275, pi. 23, f. 9,

1867. = C. nodicostata. Pease.
Variabilis (Persicula), Sebum. Nouv. Syst., 235, 1817.

= Marginella persicula, Linn.
Varicosa (Columbella), Gaskoin. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1851, p. 5.

= C costellata, Sowb.

Variegata (Oliva), Bolt. «= 0. elegans, Lam., var. tricolor.
Variegata ^Columbella), Menke. Synopsis, 65, 1830.

? = C. versicolor, Sowb.
Variegata (Columbella), Stearns. Pro. Cal. Acad. Sc., v, p. 81, pi. i, f. 5.

= C. tuberosa, Cpr.

Variegata (Ancillaria), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., t. 4. f. 71.
O. cinnamomea, Lam.

Varians (Columbella), Sowerby. Pr. Zoo. Soc., 1832, p. 11,8 110

Varians (Columbella), Dunker. Mai. Blatt., vi, t. 231 ; Moll. Japon., 6;

Lischke, Suppl.. 55. =t= C. Dunkeri, Tryon.

Vautieri (Marginella), Bernard!. Jour, de Conch., iv, 68, t. 2, f. 13, 14,
1853. : M. imbricata, Hinds.

Velata (Columbella) Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 28, f. 182, 1859 123

Veleda (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Coneh., t. 7, f 19, 20.

— C. varia, Sowb.
Venilia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, Conch. Illust, t. 17, f. 1, 2.

: C. labiosa, Sowlb.

Ventricosa (Oliva). Duclos. Monogr., pi. 4, f 13, 14, 1835. Fossil.
Ventricosa (Voluta), Dillwyn. Catalog., i, 515. = Oliva inflata, Lam.

Ventricosa (Erato), Gray. Desc. Cat., 17, 1832 11

Ventricosa (Ancillaria), Swainson. Teste Sowerby (non Lam.).

= A. cinnamomea, Lam.

Ventricosa (Ancillaria), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 304.
= A. cinnamomea, Lam.

Ventricosa (Harpa), Lam. Hist. Nat., ed. ii, t. x, p. 130 98

Ventricosa (Ha^pa), var. Kiener, p. 6, t. 2, f. 2. = H. costata, Linn.
Ventricosa (Marginella,) Fischer. Mus. Demidoff, iii, 173, 1807.

M. quinqueplicita, Lam.

Venulata (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, t, 313, No. 13,
= 0. araneosa, Lam. var.

246 INDEX.

Venusta (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. xxii, No. 130, 1858.

= C. tseniata, Phil.
Venusta (Columbella), Sowb. Zool. Proc., 49, 1844.

= C. bidentata, Menke.
Verdensis (Marginella), E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. N. Hist,, 4 ser., xvi,

200, 1875. = M. tseniata, Sowb.
Verrilli (Columbella), Ball. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, p. 91, 1881...... 162

Vermiculata (Oliva), Lam. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 44, 1858.

= 0. recticnlaris, Lam.
Vermiculata (Marginella), Redfield. Cat. Coll. Marg., 1851 ; Cat. Marg.,

254, 1870. : — M. quinqueplicata, Lam.
Vernedei ( Ancillari*). Sowb. Thes. Conch., t. 1, f. 7.

? =3 A. Tankervillei, Swains.
Verreauxi (Oliva), Ducros de St. Germain. Rev. crit , p. 97, t. 3, f. 86,

a, b, 1857 64

Verreauxi (Marginella), Jousseaume. Guerin's Mag., 251, 1875.

= M. angustata, Sowb.
Versicolor (Oliva), M -treat. Thes. Conch., t. 22, f. 377, 378, 1871.

= 0. Anazora, Duclos.

Versicolor (Columbella), Sowb. Pro. Zoo. Soc., 1832. p. 119 110

Versicolor (Amphissa), Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, 111. 113, 1872 197

VesciU (Oliva) (Gmelin ubi ?), Marrat. Thes. Conch., t. 78, fig. 280, 1871.

— 0. auricularia, Lam.
Vestalia (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 15, f. 15, 16.

= C. rustica, Linn.

Vexillum (Marginella), Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lye., v, 224, 1852 22

Vexillum (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. xii, f. 57, 1858.

= C. acicula, Reeve.
Vidua (Oliva), Bolt. = 0. maura, Lam.
Vimonti (Yfarginella), Jouss. Guerin's Mag., 186, 1875.

= M. bifasciata, Lam.
Violacea (Oliva), Marrat. Sowb., Thes. Conch., 29, f. 56.

= 0. araneosa, Lam.
Virginalis (-Harpa), J. Gray, MSS. Sowb., Thes. Conch., iii, sp. 12.

? = H. minor, Lam.
Virginea (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monogr., 31, 1875.

? = M. apicina, Menke, var.
Virginea (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 2, f. 15, 16.

? — C. pelotiaa, Duel.

Virginea (Columbella), Gould. Otia, 131 180

Viridescens (Oliva), Martini. Marrat, Thes. Conch., t. 12, f. 169-172.

= 0. sanguinolenta, Lam.
Vitellina (Erato), Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, 46, t. 13, f. 22, 23, 1844.... 10, 198

Vitensis (Columbella). Dkr. Mai. Blatt., xviii, 156, 1871 115

Vitrea (Marginella), Hinds. Zool. Proc., 75, 1844 27

Vittata( Marginella) Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 17, 1864.
M. ornata, Redfield.

Vittata (Marginella), Button. Jour, de Conch., 22, 1878 55

Vittata (Columbella), Reeve. Conch. Ic., xi, pi. 30, f. 192, 1859 119

Vitulina (Erato), H and A. Adams. Genera, i, 190, 1858.

= E. vitellina, Hinds.
Voluta (Cyprsea), Mont. Test. Brit., 203, t. 6, f. 7, 1803.

Erato laevis, Donov.
Volutella (Ancillaria), Deshayes. Mag. de /ool., Moll., t. 31,' 1830.

~ A. Mauri tiana, Sowerby.

INDEX. 247

Volutella, Swainson. Zool. Illust., 2d ser., i, No, 44, 1829.

= Marginella, Lam.

Volutella (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 322 72

Volutelloides(01iva),Mar. Thes. Conch., t 24, f, 436. — 0. rosalina, Duel.
Volutiformis (Marginella), Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 131, 1865-

M. turbinata, Sowb.
Volvaria (in part), Lamarck. Syst. Anim. sans Vert., vii, 362, 1822.

= Marginella, Lam 47

Volvaria, Lam. Syst. Anim., 93,1801 7

Volvarina, Hinds. Pro. Zool. Soc., 75, 1844. = Marginella, Lam.
Volvaroides (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 25, f. 11-14, 1835.

= 0. pidelia, Duel
Vulpecula (Columbella), Sowerby. Thes. Conch., pi. 38, f. 93.

= C. pardalina, Lam.

Wallacei (Marginella), Jousseaume. Monog., 40, t. 8, f. 7 34

Warrenii (Marginella), Marrat. Quar. Jour. Conch., i, 136, 1876 56

Watsoni (Marginella), Dall. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ix, 71, 1881 56

Wheatleyi (Columbella), DeKay. Moll. N. York, 132, t. 7, f. 162, 1843. •
= C. lunata, Say.

Xantholeuca (Engina), E. A. Smith. Pro. Zool. Soc., 119, t. 5, f. 9, 1882. 196
Xanthostoma (Marginella), Mb'rch. Yoldi Cat., 1852. Undescribed.

Xavierana (Columbella), Woods. Pro. K. Soc. Tas., 1876, p. 134 137

Xiphitella (Columbella), Duclos Monogr., pi. 9, f. 13, 14.
C. rustica, Linn.

Yucatecana (Marginella), Dall. Bull. MUP. Comp. Zool., ix, 72, 1881 57

Yoldina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 8. f. 9, 10 153

Yorkensis (Columbella), Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 1865, p. 55, pi. ii, f. 6. 140

Zafra, H. Adams. Ann. Mag. Nat, Hist , N. S., vi, 333, 1860.

Pleurotomidae.
Zan eta (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t, 2, f. 9, 10, 1835. 0. zonalis, Lam.

Zebra (Columbella), Gray. Sowerby's Thes., i, p. 127, pi. 38, f. 105 129

Zebra (Oliva), Kiister. Inh. zu Heft, i, and t. 5, f. 5, C.

-— 0. sanguinolenta, Lam.

Zeilanica (Oliva), Lam. Hist. Nat., vii, p. 436. = 0. irisans. Lam.
Zelina (Columbella), Duclos. Monogr., pi. 4, f. 5, 6. — C. discors, Gmel.
Zenopira (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 3, f. 11, 12, 1835. — 0. nana, Lam.

Zepa (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 19, f. 9, 10 189

Zigzag (Oliva), Duclos. Monogr., t. 2, f 1-4, 18*5.

0 mutica, var. nitidula.
Zonalis (Columbella), Lam. An. nans Verl., x, 274. — - C. nana, Dillw.

Zonalis (Oliva), Lam. Ann. du Mus., xvi, p. 327 67

Zonalis (Oliva), Menke. == 0. undatella, Lam.

Zonilis (Columbella), Linsley. Gould, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vi, 236,

f. 8, 1818 130

Zonata (Columbelln), Gould. Bosf. Proc., vii, 18oO.

? = Zafra. in Pleurotomidao 172

Zonata (Engina), Reeve. (Ricinula), Conch. Ic., iii, p. 33, 1846 194

Zonata (Engina). Gray. Moll. Voy. Blossom, p. 113, 1839 196

Zonata (Marginella), Kiener. Coq. Viv., 41, t. 13, f. 4, 1840? 49

Zopilla (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 19, f. 11, 12.

== C. pardalis, Lam.
Zulmis (Columbella), Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 21, f. 21, 22.

== C. mercatoria, Linn.

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

Plate 1 (Frontispiece).

'IOURE. PAGE.

1. Oliva puelchana, Orb. Chenu, Conch. 111., t. 5, f. 7 70

2. Oliva Brasiliana, Lam. Chenu, Conch. 111., t. 35, f. 5 90

3. Oliva erythro.-toma, Lam. Cbenu, Conch 111., t. 33, f. 7 80

4. Oliva subulata, Lam. (— acuminata, Lam.). Chenu, Conch. 111.,

t. 32, f. 1 88

5. Oliva maura, Lam. Chenu, Conch. 111., t. 34, f. 4 78

6. Oliva tehuelchana, Orb. Weinkauff, in Kiister, Conch. Cab 68

Plate 2.

Lingual Dentition.

7. Erato callosa, Ad. and Reeve. Troschel, Gebiss der Schnecken t.

18, f. 5 5, 7, 9

8. Marginella elegans, Gmel. Troschel, ii, t. 5, f. 6 7, 30

9. Marginella (Volvaria) Philippinarum, Redfield. Troschel, i', t.

5, f . 8 7, 51

10. Marginella (Persicula) clandestina, Brocchi. Troschel, ii, t.

5, f. 11 7, 40

11. Marginella (Cystiscus) Capensis, Sdmpson. Am. Jour. Conch., i,

t 8, f. 20 ; 6,46

12. Oliva irisans, Lam. Troschel, ii, t. 10, f. 7 :.. 60

13. Oliva (Agarocia) hiatula, Lam. Troschel, ii, t. 10, f. 2 60

14. Oliva (Olivella) mutica, Say. Troschel, ii, t. 10, f. 14 60

15. Ancillaria ampla, Gmel. Troschel, ii, t. 10, f. 17 61

16. Ancillaria caffra, Forsk. Troschel, ii, t. 10, f. 15 61

17. Harpa con.oidalis, Lam. Troschel, ii, t. 10, f. 1 61

18. Columbella rustica, Lam. Troschel. ii, t. 10, f. 2 102

19. Columbella (Strombina) gibberula, Sowb. Troschel, ii, t. 9, f. 10.. 102

20. Columbella (Anachis) rugosa, Sowb. Troschel, ii, t, 9, f. 9 102

Plate 3.

21. Anatomy of Oliva. a, I, mantle ; b, mantle process, laying in the

sutures of the spire of the shell; c, head lobes; d, siphon; e,
mucous glands ;/, kidney ; g, anus ; h, liver ; k, salivary glands ;
m, branchiae: n, heart. Chenu, Conch. Illust., iv, t, 33 59

22. Plochelsea crassilabra, Gabb. Proc. Phil. Acad., t. 11, f. 5, 1872... 60

23. Monoptygma Lymneoides, Conrad ( -— Alabamiensis, Lea). Conr.,

Tert. Foss., t, 16, f. 6 61, 91

24,25. Olivula si aminea, Conrad. Conr., Tert. Foss., t, 10, f. 5 61

26. Ancillaria (Ancillopsis) scamba, Conr. Con., Ter. Fos., t. 10, f. 4. 61

27. Ancillaria (Ancillopsis) altile, Conr. Con., Ter. Fos., t. 10, f. 2. 61

28. Marginella (Volvaria) bulloides, Lam. Chenu, Manuel, f 1072 7

29. Marginella (Bulliopsis) cretacea, Conrad. Jour. Philada. Acad.,

2 ser., iv, t. 46, f. 27 16

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 249

FIGURK. PAGE.

30. Oliva (Tortoliva) Texana, Conrad. Am. Jour. Conch., i, t. 21, f. 4. 59

31. Oliva sanguinolenta, Lam. Animal. Duclos, Chenu's Conch. Illus.,

t. 25, f. 3 79

Plate 4.

32. Erato lachryma, Gray. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 219, f. 6 8

33. 34. Erato gurtula, Sowb. Thes Conch., t. 219, f. 29, 30 .• 9

35. Erato Sandwicensis, Pease. Thes. Conch., f. 22... 9

86. Erato pellucida, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 16 '9

37. Erato sulcifera, Reeve (= lachryma). Conch. Icon., f. 14, b 8

38, 39. Erato callosa, Ads. and Reeve. Sowb , Thes. Conch., f. 35, 36. 9

40. Erato Isevis, Donov. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., t. N. N., f. 8. 7, 9

41. Erato Isevis, Donov. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 39 9

42. 48. Erato Maugeriae, Gray, Thes. Conch., f. 8, 9 9

44. Erato angistoma, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 20 10

45. Erato minuta, Reeve. Conch. Ison., f. 11 10

46. Krato gallinacea, Hinds. Sowb., Thes., f. 34 10

47. Erato angulifera, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 26 10

48. Erato columbella, Menke. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 32 10

49. 50 Erato vitellina, Hinds. Thes., f. 27, 28 10

51. Erato sulcifera, Gray. Sowb., Conch. 111. Cypraea, f. 46 11.

52. Erato corrugata, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 11 11

53. Erato nana, Duclos. Sowb., Thes., f. 12 11

54,55. Erato Schmeltziana, Crosse Jour, de Conch., t. 11, f. 5, 1867. 11

56. Erato scabriuscula, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 4, a 11

Plate 5.

57, 58. Marginella glabella, Linn. Sowb., Thes., i, t. 75, f. 53, 54 17

59. Marginella Pouched, Petit. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 16, f. 15 17

60. Marginella irrorata, Menke. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 75, f. 65 17

61. Marginella labiata, Val. Sowb , Thes. Conch., f. 104 17

62. Marginella Goodallii, Sowb. Thes. Conch., i, t. 74, f. 17 18

63. Marginella aurantia, Lam. Sowb.. Thes.. f. 50 18

64. Marginella Olivaeformis, Kiener. Sowb., Thes., f. 164 33

65! Marginella laota, Jousseaume (— Olivaeformis). Kiister, t. 19, f. 15. 33

66. Marginella Hindsiana, Petit ( = Olivseformis). Reeve, Icon., f. 96, b. 33

67. Marginella pulchra, Gray. Sowb., Thes., f. 152 29

68. Marginella Hondurasensis, Reeve (— pulchra). Icon., f. 97, b 29

69 Marginella obesa, Sowb. (= pyrulata, Redf.). Thes. Conch., f. 91. 17

70. Marginella nubeculata, Lam. (= pyrum, Gron.). Sowb., Thes.,

f. 51 , 18

71. Marginella intermedia, Sowb. (:.-.- pyrum). Thes., f. 90 18

72. Marginella mosaica, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 58 - 18

73. Marginella rosea, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 14, b 18

74. Marginella piperita, Hinds (— rosea). Reeve, Icon., f. 11, a 18

75. Marginella albocincta, Sowb. ( rosea). Reeve, Icon., f. 95, a... 18

76. Marginella Petitii, Duval. Reeve, Icon., f. 6, a 19

77. Marginella Newcombii, Reeve ( Petitii). Icon., f. 15, a 19

78. Marginella fulminata, Kiener. Monog., t. 12, f. 1 19

79. Marginella helmatina, Rang. Sowb.. Thes., f. 38 19

80. Marginella Cumingiana, Petit (== helmatina). Sowb., Thes., f. 35. 19

Plate 6.

81. Marginella bifasciata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 25t a 19

82. Margiuella bifasciata, Lam, Sowb., Thes, Conch., f, 13 19

250 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

83. Marginella obtusa, Sowb. Thes., f. 11 20

81. Marginella mirabilis, Barclay (— obtusa). Zool. Proc., t. 19, f. 6,

1869 20

85. Marginella Adansoni, Kiener. Sowb., Thes., f. 3 20

86. Marginella Bellii, Sowb. (= Adansonii?). Thes. Conch., f. 29 20

87. Marginella nodata, Hinds. Reeve, Icon., f. 36, a 20

88. Marginella Cleryi, Petit. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 37, b 20

89. Marginella limbata, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 19 21

90. Marginella vittata, Reeve (— ornata, Redfield). Icon., f. 17, c.... 21

91. Marginella faba, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 1 21

92. Marginella pseudofaba, Sowb. Tnes. Conch., f. 21 21

93. Margiaella splendens, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 23 21

94. Marginella Guillaini, Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 1, f. 13 22

95. Marginella musica. Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 37 22

96. 97. Marginella diadochus, Ads. and Reeve. Voy. Samarang, t. 7,

f. 4, a, c 22

98, 99. Marginella Belcheri, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 25. 26 ... 22

100. Marginella vexillum, Redfield. Am. Jour. Conch., v, t. 8, f. 2 22

1. Marginella Harpeeformis, Beck. Reeve. Icon., f 31, a 22

2. Marginella formicula, Lam. Sowb., Thes., f. 42 23

3. Marginella muscaria, Lam. ( - formicula). Sowb., Thes. Conch.,

f. 45 23

Plate 7.

4. Marginella turbinata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 122 23

5. Marginella Volutiformis, Reeve (—turbinata). Reeve, Icon., 131, b. 23

6. Marginella Tasmanica, Tenison-Woods. Specimen 23

7. Marginella opalina, Stearns. Specimen 23

8. Marginella aureocincta, Stearns. Specimen 24

9. Marginella deformis, Nevill. Kiister, t. 24, f. 15 24

10. Marginella fusiformis, Hinds. Sowb, Thes Conch., f. 77 24

11. Marginella inflexa, Sowb. • (=: fusiformis). Thes., f. 132 24

12. Marginella fusiformis, Hinds (--- var. unilineata, Jouss.). Reeve,

Icon., f. 79 24

13. Marginella haematida, Kiener. Sowb.. Thes. Conch., f. 60 24

14. Margioella electrum, Reeve (= haematida). Icon., f. 118, b 24

15. Marginella Nevilli, Jousseaume. Kiister, t, 22, f. 16 24

16. Marginella Lantzi, Jouss. (= Nevilli). Kiister, t. 18, f. 8 24

17. Marginella picturata, Nevill. Kiister, t. 22, f. 14 25

18. Marginella festiva, Kiener. Sowb., Thes., f. 73 25

19. Marginella scripta, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 83 2">

20. Marginella Lifouana, Crosse. Kuster, t. 22, f. 10 25

21. Marginella Lucia, Jousseaume. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, t. 5, f. 12, 1876. 25

22. Marginella margarita, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f. 123 25

23. Marginella Candida, Sowb. (= margarita). Thes. Conch., f. 87 25

24. Marginella striata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 155, b 25

25. Marginella sulcata, Orb. (—striata). Moll. Cuba, t. 21, f. 15 25

26. Marginella scalaris, Jouss. (— striata). Kuster, t. 18, f. 3 25

27. Marginella Chaperi, Jouss. Kuster, t. 18, f. 1 26

28. Marginella pusilla, A. Ad. (crzrpumila, Redfield). Zool. Proc., t. 19,

f. 1, 1867 26

29. Marginella translucida, Sowb. Thes., f. 62 26

30. Marginella Strangei Angas (=.- translucida). Zool. Proc., t. 26,

f. 8, 1877 26

31. Marginella serrata, Gaskoin. Reeve, Icon., f. 124, b 26

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 251

FIGURE. PAGE.

32. Marginella Osteri, Jouss. Kiister, t. 18, f. 14 26

33. Marginella Australis, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 65 27

34. Marginella Metcalfei, Angas (- Australis). Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 9,

1877 . 27

Plate 8.

35. Marginella pygmsea, Sowb. (— translucida). Thes., f. 79 26

36. Marginella ochracea, Angas (— Australis). Zool. Proc., t. 1, f. 6,

1871 27

37. Marginella vitrea, Hinds. Sowb , Thes. Conch., f. 74 27

38. Marginella inconspicua, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 80 27

39. Marginella Sauliae, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 68 27

40. Marginella evanida, Sowb. Thes., f. 69 27

41. Marginella suavis, Souverb. Kiister, t. 19, f. 10 27

42. Marginella neglecta, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 135 27

43. Marginella rutula, Gaskoin (—neglecta). Reeve, Icon., f. 149, b.. 27

44. 45. Margiuella marginata, Born. Reeve, Icon., f. 46, a, b 28

46. Marginella cincta, Kiener (= marginata). Reeve, f. 44, a 28

47. Marginella Storeria, Couth. (~ marginata). Bost. Jour N. Hist.,

i, t. 9, f. 1 28

48. Marginella crassilabrum, Reeve (= marginata). Icon., f. 92 28

49. Marginella Saulcyana, Petit (= marginata). Jour, de Conch., ii,

t. 1, f. 11 28

50. Marginella Loroisii, Born (= marginata). Jour, de Conch., 2 ser.,

i, t. 8, f. 7 28

51. Marginella amygdala, Kiener (— marginata). Reeve, Icon., f. 43, b. 28

52. Marginella curta, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f, 23, a 28

53. 54. Marginella crassilabrum, Sowb. (~- labrosa, Redfield). Thes.

Conch., f. 124, 125 28

55, 56. Marginella gibbosa, Jousseaume. Kiister, t. 18, f. 10, 11 29

57. Marginella Keenii, Marrat. Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 4 ser., vii, t. 11,

f. 13 29

58, 59. Marginella cserulescens, Lam. (--.-- prunum, Gmel). Sowb.,

Thes., f. 153, 154 29

60 Marginella Burchardi, Liunk. (—prunum). Novit. Conch., 1. 11, f. 3. 29
61. Marginella Martinii, Petit (= prunum). Jour, de Conch., iv, t.

11, f. 8 29

„•

Plate 9.

6i>. Marginella sapotilla, Hinds (— prunum). Voy. Sulphur, 1. 13, f. 10. 29

63. Marginella quinqueplicata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 40, a 30

64. Marginella quinqueplicata, Lam. Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, t. 45, f. 13. 30

65. Marginella encaustica, Reeve ( — quinqueplicata, juv.). Icon., f.

148, b 30

66. Marginella quinqueplicata, var. Hainesii, Petit. Jour, de Conch.,

ii, t. 8, f. 5 30

67,82. Marginella elegans, Gmel. Reeve, Icon., f. 4, b, 4, c 30

68. Marginella strigata, Dillw (— elegans). Reeve, Icon., f. 5, b 30

69. Marginella strigata, Dillw. (—-elegans). Thes. Conch., f. 148 30

70. Marginella Burchardi, Reeve (— elegans). Conch. Icon., f. 3, b... 30

71. Marginella tricincta, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 181 31

72. Marginella immersa, Reeve (= tricincta). Conch. Icon., f. 109... 31

73. Marginella Traillii, Reeve. Icon., f. 114 31

74. Marginella sexplicata, Dunker. Kuster, t. 16, f. 7 31

252 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

75. Marginella odoricyi, Bernard!. Kiister, t. 19, f. 6 31

76. Marginella Bernardii, Largill. Reeve, Icon., f. 38, b 31

83. Marginella Olivella, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 140, b 31

77. 80. Marginella oblonga, Swainson. Reeve, Icon., f. 51, a 32

78. Marginella amabilis, Redf. ( oblonga). Sowb., Thes., f. 114 32

79. Marginella rostrata. Redf. ( — oblonga). Sowb., Thes., f. 107 32

81. Marginella longivaricosa, Lam. ( guttata, Dillw. ). Sowb., Thes.,

f.112 32

Plate 10.

84. Marginella nivosa, Hinds. Sowb., Thes. Conch , f. 109 32

85. Marginella pruinosa, Hinds ( -nivosa). Sowb., Thes., f. Ill 32

86. Marginella carnea, Storer. Sowb., Thes., f. 103 ... ... 33

88. Marginella roscida, Redf. Tryon, Am. Mar. Conch., f. 90 33

89. Marginella apicina, Menke. Sowb., Thes., f. 99 33

90. Marginella conoidalis, Lam. (— apicina). Sowb., Thes., f. 94 33

91. Marginella diaphana, Kien. (= pellucida, Pfr.). Sowb., Thes., f. 95. 33
'92. Marginella nitida, Hinds. Sowb., Thes., f. 131 34

93. Marginella succinea, Conrad (-nitida). Specimen 34

94, 95. Marginella Wallacei, Jouss. Kiister, t. 18, f. 9, 12 34

96. Marginella cantharus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 110, a 34

97. Marginella Cap^nsis, Dunker. Reeve, Icon., f. 113 34

98. Marginella paxillus, Reeve. Icon., f. 133, a 34

99. Marginella Kedtieldii, Tryon. Specimen 34

100. Marginella annuluta, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 119, b.... 35

1,2. Marginella triplicata, Gaskoin. Reeve, Icon., f. 126 35

3. Marginella bullata, Born. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 158 35

4. Marginella Cuvieri, Desh. (T bullata). Sowb., Thes., f. 159 35

5. Marginella angustata, Sowb. Thes, Conch., f. 169 35

6. Marginella blanda, Hinds. Sowb., Thes., f. 167 35

7. , Marginella dactylus, Hinds, Sowb., Thes., f. 187 36

8. Marginella elongata, Pease (- .-- elliptica, Redf.). Am. Jour. Conch.,

iii, t,. 23, f. 23 36

9. Marginella cornea, Lam Reeve, Icon., f. 52, b 36

10. Marginella persicula, Linn. Sowb., Thes., f. 190 3r>

11. Marginella cingulata, Uillw. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 185 3(>

12. Marginella multilineata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 64 :>>'>

13. Marginella tessellata, Lam. ( porcellana, Gmel.). Sowb., Thes.,

f. 197 37

Plate 11.

14. Marginella Kieneriana, Petit. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 63, a 37

15. Marginella maculosa, Reeve ( calculus, Redf.). Conch. Icon.,

f. 65, a 37

16. 17. Marginella interrupta, Lam. (= interrupte-lineata, Muhlf.).

Sowb., Thes., f. 2 3, 205 37

18, 19. Marginella similis, Sowb. (— obesa, Redf.). Thes. Conch., f.

206, 207 37

20. Marginella imbricata, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 59, a 37

21. Marginella Vautieri, Bern. (— imbricata). Jour, de Conch., iv,

t. 2,' f. 13 37

22. Marginella maculosa, Kiener. Iconog., t. 9, f. 40 37

23. Marginella muralis, Hinds (= maculosa). Sowb., Thes., f. 217 37

24. Marginella DeBurghiae, A. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 68 38

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 253

25. Marginella pulchella, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f. 66... 38

'2Q. Marginella phrygia, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 67 38

27. Marginella frumentum, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon , f. 71 38

28. * Marginella catenata, Mont. Reeve, Icon., f. 73, a 38

29. Marginella catenata, Mont. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 226 38

30. Marginella pulcherrima, Gask. Sowb., Thes., f. 224 39

31. Marginella sagittata, Hinds. Sowb., Thes , f. 223 39

32. Marginella chrysomelina, Redfield. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 121... 39

33. Marginella Pacifica, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 20 39

34. Marginella dubiosa, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t. 15, f. 17 39

35. Marginella ovulum, Sowb. Tbes. Conch., f. 188 40

36. Marginella occulta, Monts. Kiister, t. 23, f. 15 40

37. Marginella pisum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 156 40

38. Marginella clandestina, Brocchi. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 216 40

39. Marginella pygmsea, Issel (= Isseli, Nevill). Savigny, Des. Egypt,

t. 6, f. 26 40

40. Marginella oryza, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 75, b 40

41. Margiuella dens, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 120 40

42. Marginella Guanacha. Orb. Moll. Canaries, t. 6, f. 33 41

43. Marginella Ovuliformis, Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 20, f. 34 41

44. Marginella Lefevrei, Bernardi. Jour, de Conch., iv, t. 12, f. 11... 41

45. Marginella monilis, Linn. Reeve, Icon., f. Ill 41

46. Marginella Terveriana, Petit ( monilis). Reeve, Icon., f. 127... 41

47. Margiuella miliaria, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 230 42

48. Marginella Savignyi, Issel ( miliaria). Savigny, Desc. Egypt,

t. 6, f. 18 42

49. Marginella carneola, Petit. Jour, de Conch., ii, t. 1, f. 14 42

50. Marginella pyrulum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 117 42

51. Marginella simplex, Reeve ( infelix, Jouss.). Conch. Ic., f. 115. 42

Plate 12.

•V2. Marginella asellina, Jouss. Ktister, Monog., t. 20, f. 9 42

53. Marginella lachryma, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 159 43

54. Marginella Crossei, Velain. Arch. Zool. Exper., vi., t. 3, f. 5 43

55. Marginella subtrigona, Carpenter. Specimen 43

56. Marginella regularis, Carpenter. Specimen 43

57. Marginella Jewettii, Carpenter. Reeve, Icon., f. 146... 43

58. Marginella glandina, Velain. Arch. Zool. Exper , vi, t. 3, f. 3 43

59. Marginella Benguelensis, Jouss. ( - exilis, Grnel.). Kiister, t. 20,

f. 13 51

60. Marginella minuta, Pfr. Philippi, Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 27, f. 23 43

61. Marginella Lavalleana, Orb. (-— minuta). Reeve, Icon , f. 153 43

62. Marginella minima, Guild (= minuta). Sowb., Thes. Couch., f. 220. 43

63. Marginella Sueziensis, Issel (— minuta). Savigny, Desc. Egypt,

t. 6, f. 17 43

64. Marginella Bensoni, Reeve. Icon., f. 158 44

65. Marginella minor, C. B. Ad. Reeve, Icon., f. 152 44

66. Marginella pyriformis, Pease (= tran^lata, Redf.). Am. Jour.

Conch., iii, t, 23, f. 21 44

67. Marginella Angasi, Brazier. Kiister, Monog,, t. 24, f. 14 ' 45

68. Marginella polyodonta, Velain. Arch. Zool. Exp., vi, t. 3, f. 1 45

69. Marginella pygmsea, Garrett (= Sandwicensis, Pease). -Pro. Phila.

Acad., t. 2, f. 27, 1873 45

70. Marginella Capensis, Stimpson (—Cystiscus, Redfield). Am. Jour.

Conch., i, t. 8, f. 2 , 46

254 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

71. Marginella semen, Reeve. Conch. Icon,, f. 145 46

72. Marginella pulvis, Jousseaume. Kiister, Monog. t. 20, f. 1 46

73. Marginella Mariei, Crosse. Kiister, Monog., t. 24, f. 16... 46

74. Marginella ros, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 147 46

75. Marginella bulbosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 144 4(3

77. Marginella Largillierti, Kiener. Reeve, Icon., f, 22, b 47

78. Marginella ovum, Reeve (= Largillierti). Icon., f. 89, a 47

79. Marginella quadrilineata, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 48, b 47

80. Marginella iilacina, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 176 47

81. 82. Marginella, sarda, Kiener. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 174, 175... 47

83. Marginella Manceli, Jouss. (= sarda). Kiister, Monog., t. 18, f. 7. 47

84. Marginella pallida, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 108 48

85. Marginella pellicula, Marr. ( lucida, Marr.) Kiister, t. 23, f. 12. 48

86. Marginella compressa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 130 48

87. Marginella rnustelina, Angas. Zool. Pro., t. 1, f. 5, 1871 48

88. Marginella fauna, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 126 48

89. Marginella alabaster, Reeve ( fauna). Conch. Icon., f. 107 48

90. Marginella diaphana, Kiister (—- fauna). Monog., t. 4, f. 6 48

91. Marginella Olivellaeformis, Jouss Kiister, Monogr., t. 20, f. 11 48

92. Marginella zonata, Kiener. Iconog., t. 13, f. 4 49

93. 94. Marginella bilineata, Krauss (= zonata). Thes. Conch. ,f. 115,

116 49

Plate 13.

95. Marginella micans, Petit. Kiister, Monog., t. 16, f. 13 49

96, 97. Marginella fusca, Sowb. (—exilis, Gmel.). Thes. Conch., f.

122, 128 -")!

98. Marginella lactea, Kiener. Sowb., The?. Conch , f. 143 49

99. Marginella affinis, Reeve (= lactea). Conch. Icon., f. 136 49

100. Marginella subtriplicata, . Orb. Reeve, Icon., f. 135 49

1. Marginella Mexicana, Jouss. Kiister, Monog., t. 20, f. 15 50

2. Marginella. varia, Sowb. (~ avena, Valenc.). Thes. Conch., f 137. 50
3,8. Marginella varia, Sower by (-— avena, var. Beyerleana, Bern.).

Thes. Conch., f. 138, 139 50

4. Marginella livida, Reeve (= avena). Conch. Icon., f. 100 50

5. Marginella guttula, Reeve (= avena). Conch. Icon., f. 101 50

6. Marginella Philippinarum, Redtield. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 84... 51

7. Marginella triticea, Lara. (= exilis, Gmel ). Kiener, t. 6, f. 25 51

9. Marginella epigru?, Reeve (— exilis, juv. ?). Conch. Icon., f. 151. 50

10. Marginella Benguelensis, Jouss. (= exilis). Kiister, t. 20, f. 16... 51

11. Marginella tribalteata, Reeve (= exilis). Conch. Icon., f. 102 51

12. Marginella mediocincta, Smith. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 23, f. 9... 52

13. Marginella Bouvieri, Jouss. (=--- mediocincta). Bull. Soc. Zool., i,

t. 6, f. 6 52

14. Marginella rubella, C. B. Ad. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 133 52

15. Marginella navicella, Reeve (= rubella). Conch. Icon , f. 103, b.. 52

16. Marginella tosniata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 129 52

17. Marginella Verdensis, Smith (~ tseniata). Kiister, Conch. Cab.,

t, 23, f. 8 52

18. Marginella Calameli, Jouss. (— secalina). Guerin's Mag., t. 18,

f. 3, 1871-2 53

19. Marginella rufescens, Reeve (= secalina). Conch. Icon., f. 112... 53

20. 21. Marginella triticea, Sowb. (= secalina). Thes. Conch., f. 120,

121 53

22. Marginella obscura, Reeve. Con^h. Icon., f. 132 52

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 255

KLGLRK. 1'AGK.

23. Margiriella infans, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 150, a 53

"24. Marginella attenuata, Reeve Conch. Icon., f. 116 53

25. Marginella heterozona, Jouss. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 20, f. 8 53

2(>. Marginella cylindrica, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 134 53

27. Marginella Peasei, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 108, b 53

28. Margiaella Paumotensis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 22. 54

29. Marginella corusca, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 143, a 54

30. Marginella Bazini, JoGs<. Kiister, Conch. Cab., t. 20, f. 3 54

31. Marginella Caledonica, Jouss. Bull. Soc Zool., i, t. 6, f. 9 54

32. Marginella sordida, Reeve. Icon., f. 137 54

33. Marginella bullula, Keeve. Conch. Icon., f. 139, b 54

:;4. Marginella fasciata, Sowb. Thes. Consh., f. 142.. 54

35. Marginella Baylei, Jouss. Kii*ter, Conch. Cab., t. 18, f. 16 55

26. Marginella bibalteata, Reeve ( gracili-", C. B. Ad.). Conch. lc.,

f. 99 55

37. Marginella albolineata, Orb Moll. Cuba, t. 20, f. 28 35

38. Marginella pyriformis, Carpenter. Specimen 41

39. Marginella rubens, Martens. Conch. Mitth., ii, t. 23, f. 1 30

40. Marginella Patagonicn, Martens. Conch. Mitth., ii, t. 23, f. 4 51

Plate 14.

41 OHvella mutica, Marr. ( Verreauxi, Ducros) Thes. Conch., f. 4. 66

4'2. OHvella mica, Duclos ( Verreauxi). Monog., t. 1, f. 12 64

43, 44. Olivella mutica, Say. Weinkauff, in Kiister, t. 36, f. 5, 8 64

45,46. Olivella pusilla, Marrat (= mutica). Thes Conch., f. 357, 358. 64

47. Olivella rufifasciuta, Reeve ( mutica). Thes. Conch., f. 449 64

48, 49. Olivella nitMuln, Dillw. (= mutica, var.). Weinkauff, in

Kiister, t. 30, f. 11, 12 64

50, 51. Olivella zigzag, Duclos ( .mutica, var. nititula). Monog., t.

2, f. 1, 1 a 64

52. Olivella fimbriata, Reeve ( mutica, var. nitidula). Conch. Ic.,

f. 92, b 64

53. Olivella micula, Marr. ( mutica var. nitidula). Thes. Conch.,

f. 468 64

54. Olivella miliola, d'Orb. ( mutica, var. nitidula). Moll. Cuba, t.

21, f. 21 64

55. Olivella strigata, Reeve (~ mutica, var. nitidula). Conch. Icon.,

f. 72, a 64

56. Olivella mandarina. Ducfos. Monog., t. 1, f. 20 65

">7. Olivella Tunguina, Dnclos ( maudarina). Monog., t. 6, f. 2 65

58. Olivella rosalina, Duclos. Monog.. t. 1, f. 2 65

59. Olivella Sowerbyi, Ducros (= rosalina). Rev. Crit., t. 3, f. 103, a. 65

60. Olivella Volutelloides, Marr. ( rosalina). Thes. Conch., f. 436... 65

61. Olivella petiolita, Duclos. Marr., Thes. Conch., f, 394 66

62. Olivella intorta, Carp. (= petiolifa). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 455.. 66
60. Olivella mica, Marr. ( petiolita). Thes. Conch;, f. 408 66

64. Olivella plana, Marrat. Thes. Couch., f. 463 66

65. Olivella Esther, Duclos, Monog., t. 3, f. 8 66

66. Olivella columba, Duclos ( Esther). Monog., t. 3, f. 4 66

67. Olivella tergina, Duclos. Reeve, Icon., f. 80, c 66

68. Olivella pulchella, Reeve ( nivea, Gmel.). Icon., f. 98 67

69. Olivella zanoeta, Duclos (— - zonalis). Monog., t. 2, f. 9 67

70. Olivella columellaris, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 348 67

71. Olivella semistriata, Gray (= columellaris). Thes. Conch., f, 351. 67

72. Olivella attenuata, Reeve (= colnmellaris). Conch. Icon., f. 90, b, 67

250 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAUK.

73. Olivella affinis, Marr. (= columellaris). Thes. Conch., f. 852 67

74. Olivella nivea, Gmel. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 64, a ... 67

75. Olivella parvula, Martini (= nivea). Marr., Thes. Conch , f. 378. 67

76. Olivella Guildingii, Reeve (= nivea). Conch. Icon., f. 89, b 67

77. Olivella monilifera, Reeve (-= nivea). Conch. Icon., f. 84, a 07

78. Olivella pulchella, Reeve (_ nivea). Conch. Icon., f 98, b 67

79. Olivella dealbata, Reeve ( - nivea). Conch. Icon., f. 71...* 67

80. Olivella rubra, Marr. (^ nivea). Thes. Conch., f. 459.... 67

81. Olivella fulgida, Reeve (= nivea). Conch. Icon., f. 78, a..... 67

82. Olivella inconspicua, Marr. (--.=. nivea). Thes. Conch., f. 437 67

83. Olivella Reevei, Ducros (= nivea). Revue Critique, f. 1003 67

84. Olivella diadochus, Ad. and Rve. (= nivea). Marr., Thes. Conch.,

f. 438 : 67

85. Olivella cuneata, Marr. (.-- nivea). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 383... 67

86. Olivella scurra, Marr. (-•= nivea). Marr , Thes. Conch., f. 380 67

87. Olivella myriadina, Marr. (= nivea). Thes. Conch , f. 440 67

88. Olivella miliacea, Marr. (— nivea). Thes. Conch., f. 441 67

89. Olivella nivea, Guielin 67

90. Olivella myriadina, Duclos. Monog., t. 5, f. 2 .. 68

91,92. Olivella exigua, Mart. (— jaspidea, Gmel ). Thes. Conch.,

f. 399, 401 .68

93,94. Olivella piperita, Marr, (== jaspidea). Thes. Conch., f. 402,

403 68

95, 96. Olivella tehuelchana, Orb. Weinkauff, in Kuster, t. 37, f. 14,

t. C, f. 2 68

97. Olivella pura, Reeve (— tehuelchana). Conch. Icon., f. 97.... 68

98. Olivella alba, Marr. (= floralia, Duel.). Thes. Conch., f. 390 68

Plate 16.

99. 100. Olivella elongata, Marr. ( floralia). Thes. Conch., f. 386, 887. 68

1. Olivella.bullula, Reeve (^ tehuelchana, Orb). Icon., f. 96 68

2, 3. Olivella floralia, Duclos. Weinkauff, Kuster, t. 36, f. 13, 16 68

4, Olivella lepta, Duclos. Monog., t. 1, f. 8 69

5, 6. Olivella fabula, Marr. ('== lepta). Thes. Conch., f. 420, 421...... 69

7, 8. Olivella lanceolata, Reeve (= lepta). Weinkauff, t. 37, f. 7, 8... 69

9. Olivella pulicaria, Marr. (= lepta). Thes. Conch., f. 464 69

10. Olivella exilis, Marr. (= lepta). Thes. Conch., f. 452 6(.)

11. Olivella fulgurata, Ad. and Reeve (= lepta). Marr., Thes Conch.,

f. 425 69

12. 18. Olivella Fortunei, Ad. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 422, 423 09

14. Olivella pulchra, Marr. (--•= Fortunei). Thes. Conch., f. 429 69

15. Olivella spreta, Gould (= Fortunei ?). E. A. Smith, /ool. Proc.,

t. 20, f. 55,1879 , 69

16. 17. Olivella leucozonias, Gray. Reeve, Icon , f. 67, a, b 69

18. Olivella undatella, Duclos. Monog;, t. 5, f. 5 70

19. Olivella pulla, Marr. (= Anazora). Thes. Conch., f. 411, 60

20,21. Olivella versicolor, Marr. (^Anazora). Thes. Conch., f. 377, 378.' 69

22. Olivella compta, Marr. (-= Anazora). Thes. Conch., f. 432 01)

23. Olivella Capensis, Sowb. (-_=. Anazora?). Thes. Conch., f. 469 69

24. 25. Olivella puelcbana, d'Orb. Weinkauff, t. 36, f. 1, 3 70

26. Olivella gracilis, Brod. and Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 46 70

Plate 17.

27. Olivella tenuis, Marrat (T : gracilis). Thes. Conch., f. 385.. 70

28,29, Olivella bretica, Carp. Marr. , 'Thes. Conch., f. 409, 410. 71

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 25 T

FIGURE. PAGE.

30. Olivella Pedroana, Conr. ( .-- boetica ?). Pac.*R. R. Kept., v, t.,6,

f.51 71

31. Olivella nota, Marr. ( bsetica). Thes. Conch., f. 428 71

32. 33. Olivella exquisita, Angas. Zool. Proc., 1871, t. 1, f. 2 71

34. Olivella alectona, Duel. (- : bsetica). Monog., t. 4, bis, f. 16 71

35-37. Olivella undatella, Lam. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 258, 260, 261. 70

38. Olivella nodulina, Duclos (^undatella): Monog., t. 5, f. 14 70

39. Olivella dama, Mawe. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 369 71

40. Olivella pulchella, Duclos. Monog., t. 5, f. 12 • 71

41. Olivella Brazieri, Angas (= exquisita). Zool. Proc., t. 26, f. 6, 1877. 71

42. 43. Olivella triticea, Duclos. Monog., t. 1, f. 5, 6 72

44. Olivella pardalis, Ad. and Angas (— triticea). Zool. Proc., 1863,

t. 37, f. 3 i 72

45. Olivella leucozona, Ad. and Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 37, f. 23, 1863.. 72

46. Olivella nympha, Ad. and Ang. Weinkauff, t. 38, f. 10 72

47. Olivella simplex, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 24 72

48. Olivella nitens, Dunker (^simplex). Thes. Conch., f. 389 72

49. 50. Olivella volutella, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 54, b, c '73

51. Olivella rasamola, Duclos (= volutella). Monog., t. 6, f. 6... 73

52. Olivella pellucida, Reeve (= lepta). Conch. Icon., f. 85, b 69

Plate 18.

53. Oliva porphyria, Linn. Reeve, Icon., f. 2, a 74

54. Oliva splendidula, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 17, b 74

55-57. Oliva Peruviana, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f 14 .'. 74

58. Oliva Peruviana, Lam. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 62 74

59. Oliva quersolina, Duclos (i= episeopalis). Monog., t. 10, f. 7 74

60. Oliva episcopalis, var. lugubris. Reeve, Icon., f. 24, a 74

Plate 19.

61. Oliva episcopalis, Lam. Thes. Conch., f. 49 74

62. Oliva atalina, Duclos (= episcopalis). Monog,, t. 10, f. 10 74

63. Oliva fulva, Marr. (? = episcopalis). Weinkauff, t. 33, f. 7 ,. 74

64-66. Oliva cruenta, Dillw. (=- guttata, Lam.). Reeve, Conch. Icon.,

f. 30 74

67. Oliva mantichora, Duel. (— guttata, Lam.). Monog., t. 16, f. 8... 74

68-70. Oliva inflata (Chemn.), Lain. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 31 75

Plate 20.

71-74. Oliva inflata (Chemn.), Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 31 75

75, 76. Oliva lacertina, Quoy (—inflata). Voy. Uranie, t. 72, f. 4, 5... 75

77. Oliva tigrina, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 21, a 75

78. Oliva holoserica, Mart. (= tigrina). Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 178. 75

79. Oliva rufula, Duclos. Reeve, Icon., f. 50 75

80. Oliva glandiformis, Marr. (= tigrina). Thes. Conch., f. 175 75

81. 82. Oliva elegans, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 2Q, a, c 76

83. Oltva flava, Marr. (= elegans). Thes. Conch., f. 156 ..... 76

Plate 21.

84. Oliva infrenata, Marr. (= elegans). Thes. Conch., f. 161 76

85. Oliva Hemiltona, Duclos. (—elegans). Tbes. Conch., f. 96 76

86. 87. Oliva tricolor, Lam. ( — elegans, var.). Reeve, Conch. Iqon.,

f. 22, a, b 76

258 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

88. Oliva tringa, Duclos. (— elegans, var. tricolor). Monog., t. 8, f. 6. 76

89. Oliva calohoma, Duclos. Kiister, t.. 25, f. 9 76

90. Oliva avellana, Lam. Kiister, t. 23, f. 1 76

91. Oliva Mariae, Duclos (-—araneosa, Lam.). Kiister, t. 23, f. 7 77

92. Oliva similis, Marrat (^= Lecoquiana). Thes. Conch., f. 206 77

93. Oliva stellata, Duclos (-_z Lecoquiana, Ducros). Monog., t. 8, f. 12. 77

94. Oliva bulbiformis, Duclos. Marr., The?. Conch., f. 201 77

95. 96. Oliva bulbiformis, Duclos. Reeve, Icon., f. 26, b, c 77

97. Oliva maura, Lam. (--•= funebralis, Lam.). Reeve, Icon., f. 10, a... 77

98, 99. Oliva leucostoma, Duclos (= funebralis). Thes. Conch., f.

143, 145 77

Plate 22.

100. Oliva inornata, Marr. (-•-_ funebralis). Thes. Conch., f. 155 77

1. Oliva propinqua, Marr. (--funebralis). Thes. Conch., f. 142 77

2. Oliva lutea (— funebralis). Thes. Conch., f. 445 77

3. Oliva dactyliola, Duel, (^funebralis, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 208. 77

4. Oliva picta, Reeve (= funebralis, var. dactvliola). Conch. Icon.,

f. 79 77

5. Oliva blantla, Marr. ( funebralis, var. dactvliola). Thes. Conch.,

f.237 77

6. Oliva mustellina, Lam. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 273 78

7. Oliva Caroliniana, Duel. ( mustellina). Kiister, t. 32, f. 8 78

8. Oliva angustata, Marr. (= musiellina). Thes. Conch., f. 183 78

9. Oliva Isevis, Marrat (^mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 331 78

10. Oliva scitula, Marrat (^mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 77 78

11. Oliva grata, Marrat ( — mustellina,). Thes. Conch., f. 470 78

12. Oliva Pacitica, Marrat (^mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 151 78

13. Oliva aretata, Marrat (: mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 230 78

14. Oliva cana, Marrat (-.= mustellina). Thes. Conch., f. 152 78

15. Oliva Octavia, Duclos (=neostina). Chenu, t, 28, f. 22 78

16-20. Oliva neostina, Duclos. Monog., t. 19, f. 11, 13, 12, 15, 16 78

Plate 23.

21-24. Oliva maura, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 10, b, d, e, f 78

25, 26. Oliva maura, Lam. Marr., Thes. Conch , f. 137, 140 78

(Fig. 26 represents 0. Macleaya, Duclos.)

27, 28. Oliva sanguinolenta, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 25, a, b 79

29. Oliva evania, Duclos (—-sanguinolenta). Thes. Conch., f. 163 70

Plate 24.

30. Oliva Keeni, Marrat (= sanguinolenta). Thes. Conch., f. 164 79

• 31, 32. Oliva irisans, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 8, a, d 79

33. Oliva pintamella, Duel. (= sanguinolenta). Chenu, t. 35, f. 8 79

34-36. Oliva irisans, Lam. Kiister, t. 20, f. 1, 7, 8 79

37. Oliva irisans, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 8, c 79

38. Oliva Philantha, Duclos (— irisans). Duclos., t. 20, f. 6 79

39. Oliva galeola, Duclos (—irisans). Monog., t. 28, f. 6..... 79

40. 41. Oliva concinna, Marr. (= irisans, var.). Thes. Conch , f. 100,

101 t 79

42. Oliva cylindracea, Marr. (^ irisans, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 193*. 79

Plate 25.

43. Oliva clara, Marrat (= irisans, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 200 79

44. Oliva lignaria, Marrat (.-.-. irisans, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 196 79

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 259

F1GUKE. PAGE.

45. Oliva ornata, Marrat (= irisans, var.) Thes. Conch , f. 108 79

46. Oliva tremulina, Lam. (= irisans, var.). Reeve, Icon., f. 6, b 79

47. Oliva tremulina, Lam. ( = irisans, var.). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 118. 79

48. Oliva nobilis, Reeve (— irisans, var, tremulina). Conch. Icon., f.

3, b 79

49. Oliva tenebrosa, Marr. (--irisans, var. tremulina). Thes. Conch.,

f. 177 79

Plate 26.

50. Oliva fumosa, Marrat (—irisans, var. tremulina). Thes. Conch.,

f. 119 79

51. 52. Oliva Olympiadina, Duclos (= irisans, var. tremulina). Reeve,

Icon., f. 5, c, e 79

53. Oliva erythrostoma, Lam. (— irisans, var.). Marr., Thes. Conch.,

f. 105 79

54. Oliva tremulina, part (— irisans, var. erythrostoma). Marr., TLes.

' Conch., f. 116.. 79

Plate 27.

55. Oliva azemula, Duclos (•-— irisans, var. erythrostoma). Monog.,

t. 14, f. 2 79

56. Oliva mazaris, Duclos (= irisans, var. erythrostoma). Monog.,

t. 20, f. 8 79

57. 58. Oliva Sylvia, Duclos (— irisans, var. erythrostoma). Chenu,

Conch. 111., t. 14, f. 11, 13 79

59,60. Oliva textilina, Lam. (= irisans, var.). Reeve. Icon., f. 9, a, c.. 79
61. 62. Oliva Melchersi, Menke (— araneosa, Lam.). Marr., Thes.

Conch., f. 11,10 81

Plate 28.

63. Oliva oblonga, Marr. (= araneosa). Thes. Conch., f. 14 81

64. Oliva pindarina, Duclos (:.— araneosa). Monog., t. 16, f. 8 81

65. Oliva subangulata, Phil. (= araneosa). Thes. Conch., f. 3 81

06. Oliva fuscata, Marr. (= araneosa). Thes. Conch., f. 21 -.... 81

67. Oliva oriola, Duclos (— araneosa). Monog., t. 10, f. 2 81

68. Oliva harpularia, Lam. (— araneosa). Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 28, b.. 81

69. Oliva intertincta, Carp, (^araneosa). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 99.. 81

70. Oliva violacea, Marr. (=5= araneosa). Thes. Conch., f. 56 81

71. Oliva venulata, Lam. (= araneosa, var.). Duel., Monog., 1. 16, f. 6. 81

72. Oliva punctata, Marr. (= araneosa, var. venulata). Thes. Conch.,

f. 12 81

73. Oliva pindarina, Marr. (— araneosa, var. venulata). Thes. Conch.,

f. 34 81

74. Oliva Juliettso, Duclos (= araneosa, var.). Monog., t. 16, f. 4 81

Plate 29.

75. 76. Oliva Timorensis, Duclos (— araneosa, var. JuliettaB). Monog.,

t. 17, f. 12, 13 81

77. Oliva Cumingii, Reeve (= araneosa, va^ Juliettae). Conch. Icon.,

f. 192 , 81

78. Oliva Marias, Ducros (— araneosa, var. Juliettas). Reeve, t. 2,

f. 26, b 81

79. Oliva obesina, Duclos (= araneosa, var. Juliettae). Monog., t. 16,

f. 10.... 81

260 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

80. Oliva porcea, Marrat (= araneosa, var. Juliettse). Thes. Conch.,

f. 35 81

81. Oliva graphica, Marr. (= araneosa, var. Juliettae). Thes. Conch.,

f. 36 81

82. Oliva truncata, Marr. (--araneosa, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 41 81

83. Oliva polpasta, Duclos (= araneosa, var.). Thes. Conch., f. 43 81

84. Oliva angulata, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 1, a 82

Plate 30.

85. Oliva scripta, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 27 82

86. Oliva fusiformis, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 11, a 83

87. Oliva onisca, Duclos (= fusiformis). Chenu, t. 32, f. 8 83

88. Oliva Aldinia, Duclos (= fusiformis). Chenu, t. 26, f 7 83

89. Oliva bullata, Marrat (= fusiformis). Thes. Conch., f. 448 83

90,91. Oliva reticularis, Lam Thes. Conch,, f .47, 53 83

92. Oliva ustulata, Lam. (-—. reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 25 83

93. Oliva tisiphona, Duclos (= reticularis). Cbenu, t. 17, f. 18

94. Oliva memnonia, Duclos (= reticularis). Chenu, t. 17, f. 20 83

95. Oliva Sowerbyi, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes Conch., f. 114 83

Plate 31.

96. Oliva figura, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 45 83

97. Oliva Bewleyi, Marrat (= reticularis). Thep. Conch., f. 44 83

98. Oliva Jamaicensis, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 26 83

99. Oliva hepatica, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 27 83

100. Oliva formosa, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 29 83

1. Oliva nivosa, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 276 83

"2. Oliva olorinella, Duclos (— reticularis). Monog., t. 6, f. 16 83

3. Oliva brunnea, Marrat (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 55 83

4. Oliva oriola, Duclos (= reticularis). Monog., t. 10, f. 2 83

5. Oliva litterata, Lam. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 276 83

6. Oliva circinnata, Marrat (= litterata). Thes. Conch., f. 277 83

7. Oliva multiplicata, Reeve (= litterata). Conch. Ic., f. 52, b 83

8. Oliva Stainforthii, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 40 84

9. Oliva hieroglyphica, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 68 84

Plate 32/

10. Oliva polita, Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 81 '. 84

11. Oliva marmorea, Mart. (= flammulata, Lam.). Marrat, Thes.

Conch., f. 71 84

12. 13. Oliva jaspidea, Duclos (= Duclosi, Reeve). Marr., Thes.

Conch., f. 79, 263 85

14. Oliva lentiginosa, Reeve (= Duclosi, Reeve). Conch. Ic., f. 45, a. 85

15. Oliva esodina, Duclos (= Duclosi, Reeve). Chenu, t. 16, f. 20..:.. 85

16. Oliva Natalia, Duclos (— Duclosi, Reeve). Chenu, t. 21, f. 18 85

17. Oliva Sandwichensis, Pease (= Duclosi, Reeve). Marr., Thes.

Conch., f. 82 85

18. Oliva Thomasi, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., ix, t. 6, f. 4, 1861 85

19. Oliva Australis, Duclos. Monog., t. 8, f. 4 85

20. Oliva caldania, Duclos (= Australis). Monog., t. 6, f. 4 85

21. Oliva paxillus, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 56, b .'. 85

22. Oliva ozodona, Duclos ( - paxillus). Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 94.. 85

23. Oliva nitidula, Duclos. (= paxillus). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 91.. 85

24. 25. Oliva panniculata, Duclos. Monog., t. 5, f. 17, 18 86

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 261

FIGURE. PAGE.

26. Oliva aniomina, Duclos. Monog , t. 8, f. 2 86

27. Oliva rufopicta, Weink. ( aniomina). Kiister, t. 23, f. 12 86

28. Oliva Kaleontina, Duclos. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 49 86

29. Oliva pygmsea, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 75 86

Plate 33.

30 Oliva calosoma, Marr. (— Lecoquiana). Thes. Conch 77

31. Oliva nedulina, Duel. (= undatella). Monog., t. 5, f. 14 70

32. Oliva Candida, Lam. ( ispidula). Thes. Conch., f. 257 86

33. Oliva ispidula, pars, Marrat (-— Broderipii, Ducr.). Thes. Conch.,

f. 240 86

34-39. Oliva ispidula, Linn. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 247, 249, 250,

251, 253, 254 86

40. Oliva flaveola, Duclos (= ispidula). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 255... 86

41. Oliva Candida, Lam. (= ispidula). Thes. Conch., f. 257 86

42. 29, 28. Oliva tigridella, Duclos (= ispidula). Monogr., t. 8, f. 13,

15, 16 86

43. Oliva egira, Duclos (= ispidula). Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 5, f. 24... 86

44. 27. Oliva sidelia, Duclos. Thes. Conch., f. 231, 232 87

45. Oliva volvaroides, Duclos (= sidelia). Reeve, Icon., f. 59 87

46. Oliva athenia, Duclos (= sidelia). Monog., t. 26, f. 17 87

47. Oliva mucronata, Marrat (= sidelia). Thes. Conch., f. 274 87

48. Oliva lepida, Duclos (= sidelia). Marr., Thes. Conch , f. 219 87

49. Oliva todosina, Duclos (= sidelia). Monog , t. 25. f. 10 87

50. Oliva faba, Marrat (= sidelia). Thes. Conch., f. 238 87

51. Oliva tigrina, Meuschen (= tessellata, Lam.). Thes. Conch., f. 224. 87

52. Oliva carneola. Gmelin. Reeve, Icon., f. 60, c 87

Plate 34.

53. Oliva ponderosa, Duclos (= irisans, Lam.). Thes. Conch., f. 104. 79

54. Oliva Mauritiana, Mart. (= maura, Lam.). Thes. Conch., f. 140... 78

55. Oliva flammulata, Lam. Duclos, Monog., t. 30. f. 4 84

56. Oliva mereatoria, Marr. (= fusiformis, Lam.). Thes. Conch., f. 268. 83

57. Oliva tisiphona, Duel. (= reticularis). Thes. Conch., f. 264 83

58. Oliva biplicata, 8owb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 48 87

59. Oliva Orbignyi, Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 458 88

60-63. Oliva hiatula, Gmel. Thes. Conch., f. 336-339 88

64. Oliva pallida, Swains. (-.—. hiatula). Thes. Conch., f. 343 88

65. Oliva testacea, Lam. (= hiatula). Thes. Conch., f. 334 88

66. Oliva indusiaca, Reeve (— hiatula). Conch. Icon., f. 43, b 88

67. Oliva hiatula, Gmel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 5, f. 17 88

Plate 35.

68. Oliva Steeriee, Reeve (= hiatula). Icon., f. 37 88

69. Oliva Ancillarioides, Reeve (— hiatula). Weinkauff, Kiister, t. 28,

f. 11 88

70. Oliva cincta, Reeve (= hiatula). Icon., f. 47, b.... 88

71. Oliva acuminata, Lam. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 319 88

72-75. Oliva lutaria, Bolt. (= acuminuta). Thes. Conch., f. 316-318,

320 88

76. Oliva Barthelemyi, Ducr. (= acuminata). Rev. Grit., f. 58, a 88

77. Oliva modesta, Reeve ( - acuminata). Icon., f. 83, a 88

78. Oliva annotata, Marrat (=- acuminata), Thes. Conch , f. 315 88*

79. 80. Oliva cauta, Marrat (= acuminata). Thes. Conch , f. 327, 328. 88

;2G2 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. VA<,K.

81. Oliva Labuanensis, Marrat. Thes. Conch., f. 312 *.)

82. Oliva ligneola, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 57 8(.»

83. Oliva nebulosa. Lam. Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 305 8'.)

84. Oliva intricata, Marr. (= nebulosa). Thes, Conch., f. 345 80

Plate 36.

85-87. Oliva gibbosa, Born. Marrat, Thes. Conch., f. 301, 303, 307... 90

88. Oliva Braziliana, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 13, b 90

89. Oliva Deshayesiana, Ducros. Rev. Grit., t. 3, f. 67, b 90

90. Oliva ovata, Marrat (= Deshayesiana). Thes. Conch., f. 282 90

91. Oliva vesica, Gmel. (= auricularia). Thes. Conch., f. 280 90

92. Oliva claneophila, Duclos (= auricularia). Monog., t. 29, f. 8 90

93. Oliva aquatilis, Reeve (= auricularia). Conch. Icon., f. -)8, b 90

94. Oliva contortuplicata. Reeve ( = auricularia). Conch. Icon., f. 51. 90

96, 100. Oliva micans, Sol. (= nana, Lam.). Marr., Thes. Couch.,

f. 294, 295 90

97, Oliva zenospira, Duel. (= nana). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 292 90

98, 99. Oliva millepunctata, Duclos ( naua). Marr., Thes. Conch.,

f. 299, 300 90

26. Oliva nitellina, Duel. (= hiatula). Marr., Thes. Conch., f. 347... 88

Plate 37.

1. Monoptygma exigua, Sowb. Reeve, Ancillaria, f. 47 91

2. Ancillaria cinnamomea, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 19, b 93

3 Ancillaria ventricosa, Lam. (-— cinnamomea). Weinkauff, Kiister,

t. 2, f. 4 '.':;

4. Ancillaria variegata, Sowb. (—cinnamomea). Kiister, Conch. Cab.,

t. 2, f. 8 93

5. Ancillaria fulva, Swains. (= cinnamomea). Kiister t. o, f. 4 ',»;•>

6. Ancillaria albifasciata, Swains. (= cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch.

Icon., f. 20, b 93

7. Ancillaria albisulcata, Sowb. (= cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch.

Icon., f. 22, b 93

8. Ancillaria achatina, Kiener (- 'cinnamomea). Iconog., t. 3, f. 4.. 93

9. Ancillaria striolata, Sowb. (= cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch. Icon.,

f. 29 93

10. Ancillaria castanea, Sowb. (= cinnamomea). Keeve, Conch. Icon.,

f. 17, a 93

11. Ancillaria ovalis, Sowb. (= cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch. Icon.,

f. 40 93

12. Ancillaria Deshayesii, A, Ad. (— cinnamomea). Reeve, Icon., f. 23. 93

13. Ancillaria crassa, Sowb. (— cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch Icon.;

f. 34 93

14. Ancillaria sarda, Reeve (= cinnamomea). Conch. Icon., f. 33, b.. 93

15. Ancillaria contusa, Reeve (— cinnamomea). Conch. Icon., f. 3, a... 93

16. Ancillaria eburnea, Desh. (— cinnamomea). Reeve, Conch. Icon.,

f. 42 93

17. Ancillaria Trousoni, Sowb. (= cinnamomea). Reeve, Icon., f.

30, b 93

18. Ancillaria acuminata, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 21, a 93

19. Ancillaria lineolata, A. Ad. (= acuminata). Reeve, Icon., f. 35...

20. Ancillaria oryza, Reeve (= acuminata). Icon., f. 43 93

21. Ancillaria rnarmorata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 32, a

22. Ancillaria fasciata, Reeve (== marmorata). Icon,, f. 44, a 93

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 263

FIGURE. PAGE.

23. Ancillaria ampla, Gmelin. Reeve, Concb. Icon., f. 27, a 94

24. Ancillaria cylindrica, Sowb. ( ampla). Reeve, Icon., f. 46 94

25. Ancillaria rubiginosa, Swains. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 5, b 94

Plate 33.

Ancillaria mamillata, Hinds (--- rubiginosa), Icon., f. 3, a 94

Ancillaria albocalosa, Lischke (^= rubiginosa). Kiister, t. 5, f. 2., 94

Ancillaria Australis, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 7, b 94

29. Ancillaria pyramidalis, Reeve (= Australis). Icon., f. 11, a 94

30. Ancillaria tricolor, Gray ( Australis). Reeve, Icon., f. 48 94

31. Ancillaria mucronata, Sowb. (—-Australis). Reeve, Icon., f. 10, a. 94

32. 33. Ancillaria obtusa, Swn. (= Australis). Reeve, Couch. Icon.,

f. 6, b, a 94

34. Ancillaria Montrouzieri, Sowb. Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., iv, t. 11,

f. 3 94

3o. Ancillaria angustata, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 45, b 95

30. Ancillaria Bullioides, Reeve. Icon., f. 37, a 95

37. Ancillaria cingulata, Sowb. Conch. Icon., f. 4, a 95

38. Ancillaria similis, Sowb. (= cingulata). Kiister, Conch. Cabinet, 95

t. 8, f. 5 Kr>

39. Ancillaria Tankervillei, Swn. Reeve, Icon., f. 2, a 95

Plate 39.

40. Ancillaria Vernedi, Sowb. (= Tankervillei). Reeve, Icon., f. 1, b. 95

41. Ancillaria Sinensis, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 38, a 95

42. Ancillaria Novazelandica, Sowb. ( -Sinen?is). Reeve, Icon., f. 41. 95
4.!. Ancillaria ino'-nata, E. A. Smith (= Sinensis). Zool. Proc., t. 20,

f. 50, 1879 95

44. Ancillaria marginata, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 8, b. 96

40. Ancillaria monilif°ra, Reeve ( marginata). Icon., f. 36, b 96

46. Ancillaria lineata, Kiener (-^= marginata). Reeve, Icon., f. 25, b.. 96

47. Ancillaria oblonga, Sowb. (:— marginata). Reeve, Icon., f. 24, b... 96

48. Ancillaria obesa, Sowb. (= marginata). Reeve. Icon., f. 28, b.... 96

49. Ancillaria elongata, Gray. Reeve, Icon., f. 13, b 96

50. Ancillaria dimidiata. Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 39, b 96

51. Ancillaria torosa, Meusch. (= Mauritiana, Sowb.). Reeve, Icon.,

f. 14, a :.., 96

52. Ancillariascaphella, Sowb. (— Mauritian a). Reeve, Icon., f. 26, a. 96

53. Ancillaria aperta, Sowb. (= Mauritiana). Reeve, Icon., f. 16, b... 96

54. Ancillaria glabrata, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon.; f. 51, b 96

50, 56. Ancillaria Lienardi, Bern. Reeve, Icon., f. 50, b, c 97

57. Ancillaria balteata, Swains. Reeve, Icon., f. 49 97

Plate 40.

58. Harpa costata, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., iii. t. 231, f. 5 97

59. 60. Harpa ventricosa, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 232, f. 20, 22. 98

61. Harpa ligata, Menke ( conoidalis). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 232,

f. 14 98

62. Harpa articular!?, Lam. ( -: conoidalis). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t.

231, f. 9 98

G:',. Harpa nablium, Mart. ( conoidalis). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t.

232, f. 16 98

264 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

64. Harpa striatula, A. Ad. (= conoidalis). Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 8,

1853 98

65. Harpa Rivoliana, Lesson (--._ crenata, Swains.). Sowb., Thes.

Conch., t. 232, f. 13 , 98

66. 67. Harpa rosea, Lam. Sowb., Thes., t. 231, f. 7, 8 99

Plate 41.

68. Harpa nobilis, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 231, f. 2 99

69. Harpa minor, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., i, f. 6, a 99

70. Harpa crassa, Phil. (== minor). Sowb., Thes., x, t. 233, f. 30 99

71. Harpa solidula, A. Ad. (= minor). Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 10, 1853. 99

72. Harpa minor, Lam. Quoy, Voy. Astrolabe, t. 42, f. 5 99

73. Harpa gracilis, Brod. and Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 3, a 99

74. Harpa striata, Lam. Sutor, Jahrbiicher Mai. GeselL, iv, t. 4, f. 3. 99

75. Harpa cancellata, Chemn. (= striata). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t.

233, f. 26 99

76. Harpa Cabritii, Fischer (= striata). Jour, de Conch., 2d ser., iv,

t. 4, f. 1 99

77. Harpa Cabritii, Fischer (= striata). Sutor, Jahrb. Mai. Gesell.,

iv, t. 4, f. 4 99

78. Harpa virginalis, Gray (= minor). Sowb., Thes. Conch., t. 233,

f.36 99

Plate 42.

2. Amphissa versicolor, Dall. Dentition, Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t.

13, f. 2 103

3. Columbellina ornata, d'Orb. Cretaceous, France 103

4. Columbellaria corallina, Quenst. U. Jura, Europe T 103

6. Columbella Strombiformis, Lam. Thes. Conch., i, t. 36, f. 2 104

6. Columbella major, Sowb. (= Strombiformis). Rve, Icon., xi, f. 7, b. 104

7, 8. Columbella major, Sowb. (— Strombiformis). Thes. Conch., f.

4, 6 104

9. Columbella gibbosa, Duel. (— Strombiformis). Chenu, 111. Conch ,

iv, t. 5, f. 6 104

10. Columbella Bridges!, Reeve (= Strombiformis). Icon., f. 40, a 104

11. Columbella Paytensis, Lesson. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 23, a 104

12. Columbella Paytensis, Lesson. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 36 104

13. Columbella Paytalida, Duel. (-^Paytensis). Chenu, 111. Conch., t.

5, f. 11 104

14. Columbella rusti9a, Sowb. (= Paytensis). Genera, Columbella, f. 3. 104

15. Columbella castanea, Sowb. Thes. Conch , f. 7 105

16,17. Columbella fasciata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 106, 107...^, 105

18. Columbella Javacensis, Gask. (— fasciata). Reeve, Icon^,&22, b. 105

19. Columbella fuscata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 21 ..;.yr..-r 105

20. Columbella meleagris, Duel. (= fuscata).- Kiener, Icon/, t.jff. 3.. 105

21. Columbella nodalina, Duel. (= fuscata). Chtfnu, t. 3, f. (j.X; 105

Plate 43.

22. Columbella labiosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 20, a 106

23. Columbella venilia, Duel. (== labiosa). Chenu, t. 17, f. 2 106

24. Columbella hsemastoraa, Sowb. Reeve, loraff. 5, a .'.... 106

25. Columbella festiva, Kiener. Reeve, ConSfiT Icon., f. 60 106

26. Columbella phasinola, Duclos. Reeve, Icon., f. 70 ./ 106

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 265

FIGURK. PAGE.

27. Columbella lentiginosa, Jlinds ( — atramentaria, Sowb.). Voy. Sul-

phur, t. 10, f. 21 168

28. Columbella mercatoria, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 29 106

29. 30. Columbella mercatoria, Linn. Kiener, Iconog., t. 5, f. 1, 1, b, 106

31. Columbella rudis, Sowb. (= mercatoria*). Thes. Conch., f. 33 106

32. Columbella Peleei, Kiener (= mercatoria). Iconog., t 5, f. 2 106

33. Columbella zulmis, Duel. (= mercatoria). Chenu, t. 24, f 22 106

34. 35. Columbella rustica, Linn. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 19, 22 107

36, 37. Columbella rustica, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 211, b, c 107

38. 1. Columbella rustica, Linn. Kiener, Iconographie, t. 1, f 3, 3, a. 107

39. Columbella spongiarum, Duel. (— rustica). Chenu, Ill.,t. 3, f. 14. 107

40. Columbella Azorica, Drouet (: rustica). Moll. Azores, t, 1, f. 5... 107

41. Columbella aureola, Duel. ( rustica). Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 6,

f. 18 107

42. Columbella tumida, Reeve (== rustica). Conch. Icon., f. 63, a 107

43. 44. ColumbelJa etriata, Duclos ( = rustica). Chenu, 111., t, 6, f. 6, 8. 107

45. Columbella cornea, Kiener (= rustica). Iconog., t. 4, f. 5 107

46. Columbella luteola, Kiener ( .rustica). Iconog., t. 4, f. 2 107

47. Columbella fustigata, Kiener ( rustica). Iconog., t. 5, f. 3 107

48. Columbella modesta, Kiener ( rustica). Coq. Viv., t. 11, f. 2 107

49. Columbella ambigua, Kiener (= rustica). Coq. Viv., t. 2, f. 3 107

Plate 44.

50. Columbella vestalia, Duel. ( rustica). Chenu, 111., t. 15, f. 16... 107

51. Columbella simpronia, Duel. (—- rustica)^ Chenu, 111., t. 15, f. 20. 107

52. Columbella nucleus, Kiener ( rustica).' Iconog., t. 3, f. 4 107

53. Columbella rasolia, Duel. ( rustica). Kiener, Iconog., t. 13, f. 1. 107

54. Columbella reticulata, Lam ( -rustica). Reeve, Icon., f. 41, b... 107

55. Columbella xiphitella. Duel, (rustica). Chenu, t. 9, f. 14 107

56. Columbella xiphitella, Duel. ( rustica). Reeve, Icon., f. 44, b... 107

57. Columbella Dysoni, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 92 107

58. Columbella anacteola, Duel. Chenu. 111. Cocch., t. 5, f. 10 108

5(.». Columbella pardalina, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 90 108

60. Columbella pardalina, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 75, b 108

61. Columbella vulpecula, Sowb. ( pardalina). Reeve, Icon., f. 80, a. 108
62,63. Columbella quintilia, Duel. (=-- pardalina). Chenu, t. 19, f.

13, 14 108

64. Columbella fabula, Sowb. (=. pardalina). Thes. Conch., f. 87 108

65. Columbella Japonica, Reeve (---pardalina). Icon., f. 45, a 108

66. Columbella zopilla, Duel. (= pardalina). Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 19,

f. 12 108

67,68. Columbella Tyleri, Gray (= pardalina, var.). Sowb., Thes.

Conch., f, 88, 89 108

69. Columbella sagena, Reeve (= pardalina, var. Tyleri). Icon., f. 162. 108

70. Columbella obscura, Sowb. (== pardalina, var. Tyleri). Reeve,

Icon., f. 35, a 108

71. Columbella palmerina, Duel. (= pardalina, var. Tyleri). Chenu,

111., t. 10, f. 16 , 108

72. Columbella lactescens, Souverb. (.— pardalina, var. Tyleri). Jour,

de Conch., 3 ser., vi, t. 6, f. 5 108

73. Columbella fabula, Sowb., var. (= pardalina, var. Tyleri). Reeve,

Icon., f. 167.. 108

74. Columbella padonosta, Duel. (= pardalina, var. Tyleri). Chenu,

t. 6, f. 4 108

34

266 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

Plate 45.

FIGURE. PAGE.

75. Columbella anitis, Duel. (— pardalina, var. Tyleri). Chenu, t. 16,

f. 16 108

76. Columbella fulgurans, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 50, a 100

77. Columbella punctata, Lam. (= fulgurans, var.), Reeve, Icon., f.

50, c 109

78. Columbella pelotina, Duel. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 2, f. 6 10^

79. Columbella virginea, Duel. (? = C. pelotina). Chenu, t, 2, f. 16... 109

80. Columbella turturina, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 83 109

81. Columbella turturina, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 38 109

82. Columbella Deshayesii, Crosse (= turturina). Jour, de Conch., 2d

ser., iii, t. 14, f. 4 109

83. Columbella sulcata, Duclos. Chenu, III. Conch., t. 1. f. 14 109

84. 85. Columbella versicolor, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 41, 45 110

86. Columbella versicolor, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 51, b 110

87. Columbella bidentata, Menke (= versicolor). Sowb., Thes.,f. 53... 110

88. Columbella araneosa, Kiener (= versicolor). Icon., t. 9, f. 4 110

89. Columbella coronata, Duclos (= versicobr). Chenu, t. 8, f. 18... 110

90. 91. Columbella atladona, Duel. (= versicolor). Chenu, 1. 1, f. 11, 12. 110
92, 93. Columbella tigrina, Duclos (= versicolor). Chenu, t. 1, f. 8, 9. 110

94. Columbella asperaa, Sowb. (= versicolor). Reeve, Icon., f. 21, b.. 110

95. Columbella nivosa, Reeve (= versicolor). Conch. Icon., f. 166, b.. 110

96. Cohimbella pertusa, Reeve (= versicolor). Icon., f. 161, b 110

97. 98. Columbella varians, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 48, 49 110

99. Columbella varians, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 91, b 110

100, 1. Columbella poscila, Sowb. (= varians). Reeve, Conch. Icon.,

f. 67, a, b , 110

2 Columbella spectrum, Reeve (== varians). Icon., f. 194 110

Plate 46.

3. Columbella nana, Mich. (= varians). Kiener, Icon., t. 14, f. 4 110

5. Columbella daliola, Du<jlos (= varians). Chenu, III., t. 8, f. 8 110

6. Columbella lysiska, Duclos (— varians). Chenu, 111., t. 7, f. 18 110

7. Columbella iclulia, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 10, f. 4 Ill

8. Columbella Souverbiei, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., t. 5, f. 9, 1865... Ill

9. Columbella scalpta, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 235, b Ill

10. Columbella Boivini, Kiener. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 100 112

11. Columbella Sowerbyi, Duclos (= Boivini). Chenu, 111., t. 19, f. 6.. 112

12. Columbella decussata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 133 ? 112

13. Columbella chlorostoma, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 210 112

14. Columbella mitrata, Menke. Reeve, Icon,, f. 84, a 112

15. Columbella Duclosiana, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 76, a 112

16. 17. Columbella loevigata, Linn. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 53, b, c... 113

18. Columbella alaperdicis, Reeve (= Igevigata). Conch. Ic., f. 145... 113

19. Columbella concinna, Sowb. (^kevigata). Genera, Columbella, f. §. 113

20. Columbella faleonta, Duclos (= loevigata?). Chenu, 111., t, 1. f. 6. 113

21. Columbella helvia, Duclos (— kevigata ?). Chenu, 111., t. 1, f. 20.. 113

22. Columbella livescens, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 148 113

23. Columbella nitida, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 167 113

24. 25. Columbella Broderipii, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 178, 179 114

26. Columbella strigata, Reeve (= Broderipii). Icoc., f. 154, b 114

27. Columbella floccata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 160 «... 114

28. Columbella Kraussi, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 180 114

29. Columbella cerealis, Menke (— Kraussi). Reeve, Icon., f. 118 114

30. Columbella leucostoma, Gask&in. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 220, b 114

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 261

FIGURE. PAGE.

31. Columbella baccata, GaSkoin. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 133 114

32. Columbella dichroa, Sowb Reeve, Icon., f. 130 114

33. Columbella Schrammi, Petit (— Kraussi). Jour, de Conch., iv, t.

12, f. 3 . 114

34. Columbella pusilla, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 182 115

Plate 47.

35. Columbella carinata, Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, t. 10, f. 16 116

36. Columbella carinata, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 121 116

37. Columbella gausapata, Gould (-.= carinata). Wilkes' Expl. Exped., 116

f. 337 116

38. Columbella Hindsii, Gask. (= carinata). Reeve, Icon., f. 143, b.. 116

39. Columbella collaris, Reeve (— carinata). Reeve, Icon., f. 164 116

40. Columbella unifasciata, Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 107 116

41. Columbella unicolor, Sowerby (— unifasciata). Reeve, f. 105 116

42. Columbella sordida, Orb. (^uuifasciata). Voy. Amer., t. 77, f. 2. 116

43. Coftimbella eastanea, Gould (= unifasciata). Wilkes' Expl. Exped.,

f. 339, a 116

44. Columbella electroides, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 72 117

45. Columbella infumata, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., t. 1, f. 3, 1863 117

46. Columbella idalina, Duclos. Monog., t. 9, f. 6 117

47. Columbella gutturosa, Duclos (= idalina). Chenu, 111., t. 9, f. 10.. 117

48. Columbella moleculina, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 9, f. 2 117

49. Columbella denticulata, Duel. (= moleculina). Chenu, 111., t. 9, f. 4. 117

50. Columbella Santa-Barbarensis, Carp. (= Reevei, Carp.). Reeve,

Ic., f. 122 118

51. Columbella ionida, Duclos. Monog., t. 7, f. 6 118

52. Columbella irrorata, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 153 118

53. Columbella acicula, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 46, b 118

54. Columbella vexillum, Reeve (= acicula). Conch. Icon., f. 57, a... 118'

55. Columbella ligula, Duclos. Monog., t. 11, f. 12-16 119

56. Columbella Indica, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 66 113

57. Columbella impolita, Sowerby. Thes. Conch., f. 127 119

58. Columbella impolita, Sowerby. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f. 159 119

59. Columbella vittata, 'Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 192 ^ 119

CO. Columbella intexta, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 88, a 120

61. Columbella fusillus, Reeve (= intexta, Gask.). Icon., f. 231, b 120

62. Columbella crepusculum, Reeve (= intexta, Gask.). Icon., f. 231, a. 120

63. Columbella achatina, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 126 120

64. Columbella achatina, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 64, a 120

Plate 48.

65. Columbella Lincolnensis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 184, a, b 120

66. Columbella Menkeana, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 69 120

67. Columbella bella, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 172 121

68. Columbella blanda, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. H'3, a 121

69. Columbella adiostina, Duel. (= blanda). Monogr.,. t. 11, f. 10 121

70. Columbella albina, Kiener. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 97, b 121

71. Columbella albina, Kiener. Kiener, Iconog,, t. 13, f. 4 121

72. Columbella margarita, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 168 121

73. Columbella cribraria, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 112 122

74. Columbella cribraria, Lam. Quoy, Voy. Astrol., t. 30, f. 21 122

75. Columbella cribraria, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 62 122

77. Columbella parvulum, Dunker (= cribraria). Philippi, Abbild.,

iii, Bucc., t. 2, f. 7 122

268 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

78. Columbella delicata, Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 171 122

79. Columbella velata, Reeve. Icon., f. 182 123

80. Columbella oblita, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 202 123

81. ColiMnbella flexuosa, Lam. Kiener, Iconog. Bucc., t, 26, f. 306.... 124

82. Columbella flexuosa, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 97 124

84. Columbella emarginata, Reeve. Icon., f. 190 124

85. Columbella micans, Pease. Specimen 124

86. Columbella Brookei, Reeve. Icon., f. 169, a 125

87. Columbella semiconvexa, Lam. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 103 125

88. Columbella semiconvexa, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 95, b 125

89. Columbella rosacea, Reeve (--: semiconvexa). Icon., f. 183 125

90. Columbella saccharata, Re-ve (— semiconvexa). Conch. Icon.,

f. 187 125

91. Columbella lutea, Quoy (? = semiconvexa). Voy. Astrol., t. 40, f. 23. 125

92. Columbella polita, Reeve (? = semiconvexa). Icon.,f. 221 125

93. ColumbelU miltostoma, T. -Woods (= semiconvexa). Specimen.... 125

94. Columbella picta, Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 146, b 125

95. Columbella Ticaonis, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 132 125

96. Columbella dictua, Tenison-Woods. Specimen 125

Plate 49.

97. 98. Columbella Australis, Gask. Reeve, Icon., f. 78, b ; 188, b,.... 126
99. Columbella Austrina,. Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 100 126

100. Columbella annulata, Reeve. Icon., f. 101....... 126

1. Columbella Buccinoides, Lam. Specimen 127

2. Columbella avena, ileeve. Conch. Icon., f. 158, b 127

3. Columbella tenuis, Gask. Reeve, Icon., f. 224 127

4. Columbella pulla, Gask. Reeve, Icon., f. 106 127

5. Columbella nux, Reeve (= pulla). Conch., Icon., f. 227 127

6. Columbella badia, Tenison- Woods (r^r pulla). Specimen 127

7. Columbella Roblini, Tenison-Woods. Specimen 127

8. Columbella Russelli, Brazier. Zool. Proc , t. 83, f. 18,1874 128

9. Columbella tenebrica, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 204 128

10. Columbella Tenisoni, Tryon (=minuta, Tenison-Woods). Specimen. 128

11. Columbella interrupts, Angas (--™ Angasi, Brazier). Zool. Proc.,

t, 2, f. 10, 1865 128

12. Columbella zebra, Gray. Reeve, Conch. Icon., t'. 79 129

13. Columbella Pacifica, Gask. (= zebra). Reeve, Icon., f 74 129

14. Columbella miser, Sowb. (= zebra). Reeve, Icon., f. 68 129

15. Columbella varians, Dunker (= Dunkeri, Tryon). Zool. Proc., t. 20,

f. 44, 1879 129

16. Columbella Hanleyi, Desh. He Reunion, t. 40, f. 8 129

17. Columbella Burchardi, Dunker. Index Moll. Japon., t. 4, f. 3 129

18. 19. Columbella corniculata, Lam. (•---- scripta).. Reeve, Icon., f. 94,

a, b 130

20. Columbella Gervillei, Payr. (scripta). Kiener, Buccinum, t. 13,

f.43 130

21. Columbella Crosseana, Recluz (= scripta). Jour, de Conch., ii,

t. 7, f. 5 130

22. Columbella Martensi, Lischke. Jap. Meeres Conch., ii, t. 5, f. 1,

2,4, 6 130

23. Columbella lunata, Say. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 181, b 130

24. Columbella dissimilis, Stimp. (~ zonalis, Linsl.). Gould, Invert.

Mass., f. 628 130

25. Columbella dermestoides, Kiener. Iconog. Buccinum, t. 25, f. 100.. 131

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 269

Plate 50.

FIGURE. PAGE.

26. Columbella Duclosiana, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 21, f. 32 133

27, 28. Columbella avara, Duclos. Chenu, Illust, Conch., t. 1, f. 1, 2. 133

29. Columbella turbida, Duclos. Chenu, Illust., t. 2, f. 2 133

30. Columbella uvania, Duclos. Chenu, Illust., t. 10, f. 6 133

il. Columbella angelia, Duclos. Chenu, Illust., t. 14, f. 20 134

82. Columbella orphia, Duclos. Chenu, Illust,, t. 15, f. 2 134

3 *. Columbella ilaira, Duclos (= orphia). Chenu, t. 15, f. 12 134

34. Columbella psilla, Duclos. Chenu, Illustr., t. 15, f. 6 134

35. 36. Columbella philodicia, Duel. (= psilla, var.). Chenu, Illust.,

t. 15, f. 17, 18 134

37. Columbella philia, Duel. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t. 16, f. 4 134

38. Columbella japix, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 22, f. 14 135

39. Columbella aurantiaca, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t. 15, f. 13... 135

40. Columbella tuberosa, Carp. Specimen 135

41. Columbella variegata, Stearns. (= tuberosa, var.). Specimen 135

42. Columbella chrysalloidea, Carp. Specimen 135

43. Columbella lactea, Kiener (— Babbi, Tryon). Reeve, Icon., f. 120. 135

44. 45. Columbella Marquesana, Gask. Reeve, Icon., f. 217, a, b 136

46. Columbella toeniata, Ads. and Reeve (= Marquesana). Reeve,

Icon., f. 140 136

47. Columbella sublaevis, Montr. (--= Marquesana). Jour, de Conch.,

3 ser., iv, t, 10, f. 4 136

48. Columbella Azora, Duel. Chenu, Illust. Conch., t. 12, f. 4 136

Plate 51.

14. Columbella alabastrum, Reeve. Martens, Mobius' Mauritius, t. 20,

f. 13 146

49. Columbella Legrandi, Tenison- Woods.' Specimen 137

5i>. Columbella Xavieriana, Tenisoa-Woods. Specimen 137

51. Columbella choava, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 239 b 137

52. Columbella pellucida, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 199 138

f-3. Columbella lineoiata, Pease. Specimen — 138

54. Columbella formosa, Qaskoin. Reeve, Conch. Icon., 1". 216 140

55. Columbella nubeculata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 234 140

56. 57. Columbella biflammata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 226, a, b 140

58. Columbella Yorkensis, Crosse. Jour, de Conch , t 2, f. 6, 1865... 140

59. Columbella Isabellina, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., vi, t. 7, f. 8. 141

60. 61. Columbella Tayloriana, Reeve. Conch. Icon , f. 225, a, b 141

62. Columbella albomaculata, Angas (= Tayloriana). Zool. Proc., t.

13, f. 6, 1867 141

63. Columbella albuginosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 223, b 141

64. Columbella interrupta, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 228 141

65. Columbella abyssicola, Brazier. Specimen 141

ttli. Columbella cincinnata, Martens. Mobius, Mauritius, t. 20, f. 14.. 142

67. Columbella asopis, Duel. Chenu, Illust , t. 14, f. 18 142

68. Columbella minor, Soacchi. Phil. Moll. Sicil., ii, t. 27, f. 12 1 42

69. Columbella nympha, Kiener. Iconog., t. 10, f. 4 142

70. Columbella articulata, Souverb. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., iv, t. 10,

f. 5 143

71. Columbella Mindoroeus;s, Gask. Reeve, Icon., f. 193, a 143

72. Columbella Dorian, Issel (= Mindoroensis). Cat. Moll. Miss. Ital.

m Persia, t. 1, f. 3 143

270 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

Plate 52.

FIGURE PAGE.

73. Columbella baculus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 157 143

74. Columbella pungens, Gld. Specimen 143

75. Columbella plutonida, Duclos, Chenu, Illust., t. 16, f. 2 144

76. Columbella Pretrii, Duclos. Chenu, Illust., t. 16, f. 8 144

77. Columbella conspersa, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 99 145

78. Columbella iodostoma, Gask. (= conspersa). Reev£, f. 218, a 145

79. Columbella puella, Sowb. (= conspersa). Reeve, Conch., f. 65 145

80. Columbella puella, Sowb. Specimen 145

81. Columbella contaminata, Gask. (= conspersa). Reeve, Icon., f. 102. 145

82. Columbella Hotessieri, d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, t 21, f. 38 144

83. Columbella sagitta. Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 180 145

84. Columbe'la galaxias, Reeve (= sagitta). Conch. Icon., f. 229, b.. 146

85. Columbella Carolina, E. A. Smith. Jour. Linn. Soc., xii, t. 30, f. 9. 146

86. Columbella sugillata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 189 145

87. Columbella alabastrum, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 232, b 146

£8. Columbella fusiformis, d'Orb, Moll. Cuba. t. 21, f. 26 '.... 147

89. Columbella rorida, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 176 147

90. Columbella Lischkei, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 41, 1879... 147

91. Columbella niveomarginata, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 20, f. 42,

1879 146

92. Columbella solidula, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 149 147

93. Columbella solidula, Reeve. Specimen 147

94. Columbella hirundo, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 219, a 147

95. Columbella plurisulcata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 233 148

96. Columbella subulata, Duclos. Monogr., t. 9, f. 16 v.. 148

Plate 53.

97. Columbella arata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 185 148

98. Columbella ocellata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 237 148

99. Columbella pelagia, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 238 148

100. Columbella monilifera, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 177 149

1. Columbelia Mangelioides, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 197 149

2. Columbella fulgida, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 178 149

3. Columbella lactea, Duclos. Chenu, Illust , t. 1, f. 4 149

4. Columbella lactea, Duclos. Kiener, Iconog., t. 15, f. 4 .._.., 149

5. 6. Columbella Essingtonensis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 174, a, b... 149

7. Columbella eximia, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 222 150

8. Columbella bicincta, Angas (= eximia). Zool. Proc., t. 1, f. 3,

1871 150

9. 10. Columbella sertulariarum, Orb. Voy. Amer., t. 61, f. 14, 16... 150

11. Columbella elata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 155 150

12. Columbella Cumingii, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 156 151

13. Columbella lumbricus, Reeve (= Cumingii). Conch. Ic., f 186, a.. 151

14. Columbella spicula, Duclos (_-= Cumingii). Chenu, 111., t. 16, f. 10. 151

15. Columbella clausilia, Duclos (= Cumingii). Chenu, t. 16, f. 12 151

16. Columbella acus, Reeve (= Cumingii, var.). Icon., f. 201 151

17. Columbella filosa, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 13, f. 6, 1867 151

18. Columbella attenuata, Angas. Zool. Proc.. t. 1, f. 4, 1871 151

19. 20. Columbella nycteis, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 17, f. 6, 8 151

21. Columbella Belizana, Duclos (= nycteis). Chenu, 111., t. 22, f. 10. 151

Plate 54.

22. Columbella spiratella, Martens. Mobius, Mauritius, t. 20, f. 12... 152

23. 24. Columbella rugosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 32, a, b 152

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 271

FIGURE. PAGE.

25. Columbella bicolor, Kiener ( - rugosa). Icon., t. 16, f. 4 152

26, 27. Columbella sinuata, Sowb. ( rugosa). Zool. Pro., t. 72, f. 3,

3, a, 1874 152

28. Columbella costellata, Sowb. Thes Conch., f. 147 153

29. Columbella valid i, Reeve ( = costellata). Icon., f. 151, b 153

30. Columbella varicosa, Ga-,k. (— costellata). Reeve, Ic., f. 31, b 153

31. Columbella macrostoma, Anton (= costellata). Reeve, Ic., f. 49, b. 153

32. Columbella fluctuata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 38, a 153

33. Columbella fluctuosa, Duclos (= fluctuata). Chenu, III., t. 13, f. 11.. 153

34. Columbella suturalis, Gray (:=: fluctuate). Griffith's Cuvier. Front-

ispiece, f. 6 153

35. Columbella costata, Duclos (= fluctuata). Chenu, 111., t. 12, f. 2.. 153

36. 37. Columbella coronata, Sowb Reeve, Ic., f. 29, a, b 153

38. Columbella varia, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Ic., f 14. b 154

39. Columbella scalarina, Sowb. (= varia). Reeve, Ic., t'. 11, b 154

40. Columbella veleda, Duel. (r= varia). Chenu, 111., t. 7, f. 20 154

41. Columbella ophonia, Duel. ( = varia). Chenu, 111., t. 16, f. 6 154

42. Columbella lyrata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 149 154

43. Columbella fulva, Sowb. Reeve, Couch. Ic., f. 55, b 154

44. Columbella Terpsichore, Sowb. Thes Conch., f. 99 154

45. Columbella lineolata, Kiener (= Terpsichore). Icon., t. 13, f. 3... 155

46. Columbella Californica. Reeve (= Terpsichore). Icon., f. 165 155

47. Columbella Adelinue, Tryon. Specimen 155

48. Columbella Yoldina, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 8, f. 10 153

Plate 55.

49, 50. Columbella suffusa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon. f. 89, 170, 1878 155

51. Columbella tuberculata, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 173 156

52. Columbella rugulosa, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 131 156

53. Columbella rugulosa, Sowb. Reeve, Ic.. f. 71 156

54. Columbella cavea, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 203 156

55. Columbella multivoluta. Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 163 156

56. Columbella fenestrata, Rve. (= Adamsi. Tryon). Conch. Ic., f. 175. 156

57. 58. Columbella strenella, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 8, f. 2, 3 157

59. Columbella porcata. Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 195, b 157

60. Columbella jaspidea, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Ic.. f. 90 157

61. Columbella valga, Gould. -Wilkes' Exped., f. 338, b 158

62. Columbella filamentosa. Dunker. Specimen 157

63. Columbella pulchelk, Kiener. Ic Buccinum, t. 18, f. 68 157

64. 65. Columbella pulchella, Sowb. (— elegantula, Morch). Reeve,

Conch. Icon., f. 86, 87, a 158

66. Columbella acuta. Stearns. Specimen 158

67. Columbella avara. Say. Reeve, Icon., f. 73 159

68. Columbella Lafresnayi (— avara). Fischer and Bern., Jour, de

Conch., 2 ser., i. t. 12, f. 4 159

69. Columbella similis, Rav. (= avara). Am. Mar. Conch., t. 8, f. 64.. 159

70. Columbella semiplicata, Stearns (= avara). Proc. Phila. Acad.,

1873, f. 1 159

71. Columbella semiplicata, Stearns (= avara). Specimen 159

72. 73. Columbella phylina, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 15, f. 9, 10 159

74. Columbella cleta. Duel. Chenu, 111., t. 15, f. 14 160

75. Columbella menaletta, Duel. Chenu, 111 , t. 15, f. 4 160

272 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

Plate 56.

FIGURE. PAGE.

76. Columbella plicaria, Montr. Jour, de Conch., 3 ser., ii, t. 9, f. 3... 160

77. Columbella costulata, Cantr. (C. Halueeti). Jeffreys, Brit, Conch.,

v, t. 88, f. 3 160

78. Columbella rosacea, Gould. Invert. Mass., f. 627 160

79. Columbella costulata, Cantraine. Sars, Moll. Norv., t. 16, f. 1 ISO

80. Columbella teophania, Duel. Chenu, 111., t. 20, f. 2 164

81. Columbella Bucholzi, von Martens. Conch. Mittheil., t. 23, f. 8... 164

82. Columbella diaphana, Verrill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, t. 58, f. 2.. 160

83. Columbella sagra, d Orb. Moll. Cuba, t. 21, f. 29 164

84. Columbella Kieneria, Duclos (? -^ sagra). Chenu, 111., t. 25, f. 20.. 164

85. Columbella electona, Duel. Chenu, 111., t, 9, f. 12 164

86. Columbella encaustica, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 56, b 164

87. Columbella St. Pairaina, Caillet. Jour, de Coneh., 3 ser., iv, t. 11,

f. 4 165

88. Columbella lachryma, Gask. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 125 165

89. Columbella troglodytes, Souv. Jour, de Conch , 3 ser., vi, t. 6, f. 4. 165

90. Columbella crassilabris, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 177, b 16f>

91. 92. Columbella pygmaea, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon , f. 128, 129.. 166

93. Columbella atomella, Duclos. Monog., t. 11, f. 6 166

94. Columbella gracilis, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch , iv, t. 11, f. 20 167

95. Columbella ornata, Pease (--- Garretti, Tryon). Am. Jour. Conch.,

iv, t. 11, f. 19 166

96. Columbella venusta, Reeve (^tieniata, Phil.). Icon., f. 130 167

97. Columbella kirostra, Duclos. Cheun, Illust., t. 11, f. 2 167

98. Columbella atramentaria, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 124 168

99. Columbella atramentaria, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 174 168

100. Columbella Digglesi, Brazier. Zool. Proc., t. 83, f. 18, 1874 170

Plate 57.

1. Columbella pariolida, Duclos (.-— atramentaria). Chenu, Illust.,

t. 6, f. 2 168

2. Columbella nigricans, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 172 168

3. Columbella parva, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 113 168

4. Columbella parva, Reeve. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 170 168

5. Columbella pamila, Duel. (= parva). Chenu, Illust., t. 22, f. 12... 168

6. Columbella spadicea, Phil. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 123 168

7. Columbella obesa, C. B. Ad. Specimen 169

8. Columbella cancellata, Gask. (= obesa). Reeve, Icon., f. 126 169

9. Columbella dicipiens, Ads. (= obesa). Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 111. 169

10. Columbella atomella, Reeve (=atrata). Conch. Icon., f. 108 169

11. Columbella menalida, Duel. (=:atrata). Chenu, Illust., t. 19, f. 8. 169

12. Columbella pumila, Souv. (=atrata). Jour, de Conch., t. 12, f. 4,

1863 169

13. Columbella levania, Duel. (? = atrata) . Chenu, Illust., t. 22, f. 8. 169
14-17. Columbella ida, Duel. (=:atrata). Chenu, Illust., t. 14, f. 2, 8,

10, 12 169

18. Columbella nisitella, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 7, f. 10 170

19. Columbella ostreicola, E. A. Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 10, 1882... 169

20. Columbella obesa, C. B. Ad. Specimen 169

21. Columbella Gowllandi, Brazier. ZooL Proc., t. 83, f. 15, 1874 170

22. Columbella lentiginosa, Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 240 170

23. Columbella Smithii, Angas (= lentiginosa). Zool. Proc., t. 26, f.

7, 1877 171

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 273

FIGURE. PAGE.

24. Columbella speciosa, Angas. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 3, 1877 171

25. Columbella balteata, Nevill (= Nevilli, Tryon). Jour. Asiatic Soc.,

t. 8, f. 4, 1875 173

26. Columbella isomella, Duel. Chenu, lllust., t. 9, f. 8 173

27. Columbella linigera, Duel. Chenu, lllust., t. 17, f. 14 174

28. Columbella oxyllia, Duel. Chenu, lllust., t. 17, f. 10 174

Plate 58.

29. Columbella cledonida, Duel. Chenu, lllust., t. 17, f. 18 174

30. Columbella rumilia, Duel. Chenu, lllust., t. 17, f. 16 174

31. Columbella acleonta, Duel. Chenu, lllust., t. 11, f. 4 174

32. Columbella prosymnia, Duel. Chenu, lllust., t. 26* f. 8 174

33. Columbella anaidea, Duel. Chenu, lllust., t. 26, f. 4 174

34. Columbella ortigia, Duel. Chenu, lllust., t. 22, f. 2 175

35. Columbella neptunia, Duel. Chenu, lllust,, t. 26, f. 20 175

36. Columbella ortonia, Duel. Chenu, lllust., t. 26, f. 14 175

37. Columbella segesta, Duel. Chenu, lllust., t. 26, f. 6 175

38. Columbella testina, Duel. Chenu, lllust., t. 7, f. 12 175

39. Columbella striatula, Dunker. Specimen 176

40. Columbella sulcosa, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 132 176

41. Columbella moesta, Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 131 176

42. Columbella Ouatemalensis, Reeve. Icon., f. 198, b 177

43. Columbella tessellata, C. B. Ad. f= Guatemalensis) . Reeve, Icon.,

f. 134 177

44. Columbella diminuta, C. B. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 115 177

45. Columbella pulchrior, C. B. Ad. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 116....... 177

46. Columbella penicillata, Carp. Specimen 177

47. Columbella subturrita, Carp. Specimen 178

48. Columbella filosa, Stearns (= Stearnsi, Tryon). Proc. Philad.

Acad., f. 3, 1873 179

49. 50. Columbella Guildingii, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 175, 176 179

51. Columbella catenata, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 119, b 179

52. Columbella mitrula, Dunker (= catenata). Phil., Abbild. iii,

Bucc., t. 2, f. 9 180

53. Columbella Antillarum. Reeve (= catenata). Icon., f. 196 180

54. Columbella scutulata, Reeve (=catena'a). Conch. Icon., f. 191, b. 180

55. Columbella sparsa, Reeve (catenata). Icon., f. 200, a 180

56. Columbella fusiformis, Pease (= Paumotensis, Tryon). Am. Jour.

Conch., iii, t. 15, f. 2 : 180

Plate 59.

57. Columbella ovulata, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 209, b 181

58. Columbella ovuloides, C. B. Ad. (= ovulata). Reeve, Icon. Meta,

t. 1, f. 2, a 181

69, 60. Columbella obtusa, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 63; Conch. Icon.,

f. 85, b 181

61. Columbella marmorata, Gray. Sowb., Thes. Conch., f. 72 181

62. Columbella marmorata, Gray. Beechey's Voy., t. 36, f. 11 181

63. Columbella dormitor, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 173 181

64. Columbella egeria, Duel. Chenu, lllust.. t. 4, f. 20 181

65. Columbella tringa, Lam. Reeve, Icon., f. 24, b 181

66 Columbella undata, Duclos (== tringa). Chenu, lllust., t. 4, f. 4... 181

35

274 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

67, 68. Columbella flava, Brug. Reeve, Icon'., f. 27, a, b 182

69. Columbella punctata, feowb. (— flava). Genera of Shells, f. 5 182

70. Columbella lugubris, Kiener (= flava). Kiener, Iconopr., t. 8, f. 2. 182
71; Columbella funiculata, Souverb. (z±= flava). Jour, de Conch., t, 5,

f. 8, 1865 182

72. Columbella rubicundula, Quoy (= flava). Voy. Astrol., t 40, f 26. 182

73. Columbella discors, Gmel. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 208, a 182

74. Columbella semipunctata, Lam. (= discors). Kiener, Iconog., t. 8,

f. 1 182

75. 76. Columbella splendidula, Sowb. (= discors). Reeve, Icon., f. 25,

a, b 182

77. Columbella zelina, Duclos (= discors). Chenu, Illust., t. 4, f. 6... 182

78. Columbella eustoma, Jouss. Bull. feoc. Zool., i, t. 5, f. 3 182

79. Columbella Philippinarum, Beeve. Conch. Icon., f. 207, b 183

80,81. Columbella epamella, L>uclos (= Philippinarum). Chenu, Illust.,

t. 5, f. 2, 20 183

82. Columbella coniformis, Sowb. (=' Philippinarum, var.). Reeve,

Icon. Meta, f. 4, b 183

Plate 60.

83. Columbella cedo-nulli, Reeve (= Philippinarum, var.). Icon. Meta,

f. 3, b 183

84. Columbella Dupontiae, Kiener (— Philippinarum, var.). Reeve,

Meta, f. 3, c 183

85. Columbella macrostoma, Anton (= Philippinarum, var.). Reeve,

Meta, f. 1. 183

86. Columbella dubia, Sowb. (— Philippinarum, var.). Reeve, Meta, f. 5. 183

87. Columbella dubia, Sowb. (= Philippinarum, var.) Thes. Conch.,

f.75 183

88. Columbella bicanalifera, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 64, b 183

89. Columbella clavulus, Sowb. Reeve, Icon. Pleurotoma, vol. i, f. 106.. 184

90. Columbella gibberula, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 61, b 184

91. Columbella dorsata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 15, a 185

92. Columbella pavonina, Hinds. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 26, b 185

93. Columbella Haneti, Petit (= pavonina). Jour, de Coneh., i, t. 3, f. 4. 185

94. Columbella nivea, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f, 82 185

95. Columbella Bourjotiana, Crosse. Jour, de Conch., 2ser., iii, t. 14,

f. 6 185

96. Columbella pulcherrima, Sowb. Reeve,klcon., f. 10, a 185

97. Columbella maculosa, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f 19, b 186

98. Columbella elegans, Sowb. Reeve, Couch. Icon., f. 4, b 186

99. Columbella turrita, Sowb. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 2, b 186

100. Columbella turrita, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 138 186

1. Columbella angularis, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 1, a 186

2. Columbella subulata, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 212, b 186

3. Columbella recurva, Sowb. Reeve, Icon., f. 18, a 187

4. Columbella lanceolata, Sowb. (= recurva). Reeve, Icon., f. 3, a, c.. 187
6. Columbella pumilio, Reeve. Conch. Ic., f. 147 187

Plate 61.

Columbella fusiformis, Hinds (= recurva). Reeve, Icon., f. 17, a.. 187
Columbella Terquemi, Jouss. Bull. Soc. Zool., i, t. 5, f. 1 187

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 275

FIGURE. TAGB.

9. Alcira elegans, H. Adams. Specimen 188

10. Engina nodulosa, Pease. Specimen 189

11. Engina carbonaria, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Ricinula, f. 22 189

12. Engina forticostata, Reeve (= carbonaria). Reeve, Ricinula, f. 29 189

13. Engina crocostoma, Reeve (= carbonaria). Icon. Ricinula, f. 40.. 189

14. Engina astricta, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Ricinula, f. 30 189

15. Engina leucozia, Duclos (= astricta). Chenu, 111., t. 22, f. 6 189

16. 17. Engina alveolata, Kiener. Icon. Purpura, t. 9, f. 23 189

18. Engina lauta. Reeve (= alveolata). Icon. Ricinula, f. 24 189

19. Engina histrio, Reeve (—alveolata). Icon. Ricinula, f. 36 189

20. Engina trifasciata. Reeve (= alveolata). Icon. Ricinula, f. 41 189

21. Engina zepa, Duclos. Chenu, 111. Conch., t. 19, f. 10 189"

22. Engina iodosia, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 22, f. 16 190

23. Engina telea. Duclos. Chenu, 111., t, 25, f. 14 190

24. Engina anakisia, Duclos. Chenu, 111., t. 26, f. 18 190

25. Engina epidelia, Duel. Chenu, 111., t. 25, f. 18 190

26. Engina monilifera, Pease. Martens, Don. Bism., t.-l, f. 15 190

27. Engina satorida, Duel. Chenu, 111., t. 26, f. 2 191

Plate 62.

28. Engina numicia, Duel. Chenu, 111., t. 26, f. 10 191

29. Ensina alveolata, Reeve (= Reevei, Trjon). Icon. Ricinula, f. 23. 191

30. Engina bella, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Ricinula, f. 16 191

31. Engina recurva, Reeve (= bella). Icon. Ricinula, f. 53 191

32. Engina fragaria, Wood (= bella). Index Test. Sup., t. 3, f. 27 191

33. Engina pulchra, Reeve. Icon. Buccinum, f. 80.. 191

34. Engina rosea, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 46 192

35. Engina Schrammi, Crosse (= rosea). Jour, de Conch., xi, t. 1, f. 7. 192

36. Engina rutila, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 49 192

37. Engina deformis, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 44 ... 192

38. Engina curbinella, Kiener. Icon. Purpura, t. 9, f. 25 192

39. Engina turbinella, Kiener. Reeve, Icon. Ricinula, f. 42 192

40. Engina farinosa, Gould. Wilkes' Exped.. f. 323 192

41. Engina cbntracta, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 32 193

42. Engina acuminata, Reeve (= contracta). Ricinula, f. 52 193

43. Engina eximia, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 45 193

44. Engina fusiformis, Pease. Specimen 193

45. Engina oselmonta, Duel." Chenu, Illust., t. 7, f. 14 193

46. Engina aurantia, Duel. Chenu, Illust., t. 7, f. 16 193

47. Engina gibbosa, Garrett. Specimen 193

48. Engina ovata, Pease (= funiculata). Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23,

f. 6 194

49. Engina funiculata, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 16... 194

50. Engina lineata, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 51 194

51. Engina maculata, Pease (= lineata, var.). Am. Jour. Conch., xv,

t. 8, f. 12 194

Plate 63.

52. Engina zonata, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 33 194

53. Engina zonata, Reeve. Specimen 194

64. Engina concinna, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 35 194

55. Engina parva, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 11 195

56. Engina nodicostata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 8 195

216 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

FIGURE. PAGE.

57. Engina variabilis, Pease (= nodicostata). Am. Jour. Conch., iii,

t. 23, f. 9 195

58. Engina striata, Pease. Am. Jour. Conch., iii, t. 23, f. 10 .-. 195

59. Engina armillata, Reeve. Icon. Ricinula, f. 47 194

60. Engina tuberculosa, Pease. Specimen , 195

61. Engina xantholenca, Smith. Zool. Proc., t. 5, f. 9, 1882 196

62. Engina mendicaria, Linn. Reeve, Ricinula, f. 8 196

63. Columbellina harpseformis, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 10 196

64. Columbellina uncinata, Sowb. Thes. Conch., f. 13 196

65. Columbellina cithara, Reeve. Conch. Icon. Columb., f. 230, a 196

66. Amphissa corrugata, Reeve. Icon. Buccinum, f. 110.. 197

67. Amphissa versicolor, Dall. Am. Jour. Conch., vii, t. 16, f. 10,.... 197

68. Colurnbella millepunctata, Carpenter. Specimen. 115

69. 70. Columbellaria corallina, Quenst. Sitzb. Wien, xlii, 278, f. 1... 103

71. Columbella gibberula, Sowb. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 9, f. 10 184

72. Columbella semipunctata, Lam. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 9, f. 6 182

73. Engina mendicaria, Linn. Troschel, Gebiss, ii, t. 8, f. 4 196

COLUMBELLID.tt.

PLATE 49

97

98

99

100

OOLUMBKLLIDJS.

PLATK 50.

C0LUMBKLUDJ3.

PLATE 51

14

51

53

62

57

•$SR

50

54

55

60 61

58

67

64

65

66

68 72

71

69

COLUMBELLID^E.

PLATE 52.

95

94

78

80

83

84

89 90

92 91

COLUMBELLIDJ5.

PLATE 53

97

98

11

15

19 18

COLUMBKLLID^E.

PLATK -54.

COLUMBKLLIDJS.

PLATE 55.

49

64

50

61

65

72 70

COLUMBKLLID^B.

PLATE 56.

i
78

80

77

98

79

81

88 87

90

91 92

93

94

99 -

97 100

m
i

96

95

COLUMBELLIDJ3.

PLATE 57.

27

OOLUMBKLLID.E.

PLATE 58.

45)

50 51

COLUMBELLIDJfl.

PLATE 59.

57

59 60 61 62

70

79

66

71

67

72

COLUMBELLID^G.

PLATE 60

COLUMBELLlDvE.

PLATE 61,

COLUMBELLIDyE.

PLATE 62.

32

30

33 34

35

31

36

37

47 50

51

49 48

COLUMBKLLllhE.

PLATE 03.

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Manual of conchology. ser»l

v.5