^^ II [[ MONTANA STATE LIBRARY "" ■■■|!ll!l|(|l!l|!l 3 0864 1001 6051 7 BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY IN BOX ELDER CREEK BASED ON PERIPHYTON COMPOSITION AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE Prepared for: State of Montana Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 200901 Helena, Montana 59620-0901 Project Officer: Carol Endicott DEQ Contract No. 200012 Riparian & Wetland Research Program The University of Montana Project Officer: Amy Chadwick 3TATF DOCUMENTS COLLECTION Oa 1 5 2002 r/CNTANA STATE LIBRARY 1515 E. 6th AVE. ILENA, MONTANA 59620 Prepared by: Loren L. Bahls, Ph.D. Hannaea 1032 Twelfth Avenue Helena, Montana 59601 March 2000 Printed on lOOt Recycled Post -Consumer Paper v.. SUMMARY In early August 1999, composite periphyton samples were collected from natural substrates at 8 sites on Box Elder Creek in central Montana. Samples were collected following MDEQ standard operating procedures, processed and analyzed using standard methods for periphyton, and evaluated following modified USEPA rapid bioassessment protocols for wadeable streams. Box Elder Creek is an intermittent "pooled channel" stream with a silty bottom. It is classified C-3 in the Montana Surface Water Quality Standards. Box Elder Creek supported a very diverse algal flora. The non-diatom algae indicated warm, standing waters with elevated concentrations of organic nutrients . This organic loading was probably internal and natural in origin (i.e., from decaying aquatic vegetation) . Nitrogen was likely the limiting nutrient in Box Elder Creek, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the study section. In reaches 003 and 004, the presence of Chara indicated stable soft substrates and low levels of turbidity. The diatom assemblages of Box Elder Creek supported the findings of organic nutrient loading and nitrogen limiting conditions, the latter particularly in the lower reaches of the study section. Diatom metrics also indicated low levels of disturbance and elevated concentrations of dissolved solids. The relatively large percentage of motile diatoms indicated moderate levels of sedimentation in all reaches except Reach 001. Moderate impairment was indicated even in the reference reach (Reach 022) , which was judged to be "proper functioning" based on the good condition of the riparian habitat. This may indicate that the sedimentation index is more responsive to channel morphology and stream type than it is to riparian condition. • INTRODUCTION This report evaluates the support of aquatic life uses, and probable causes of impairment to those uses, in Box Elder Creek in central Montana. This evaluation is part of a larger study that is being conducted by the Riparian and Wetland Research Program of The University of Montana in cooperation with the U.S. EPA, MDEQ, BLM, and private landowners. Objectives of the study are (l) to evaluate several indicators that are used to monitor grazing levels in riparian areas, and (2) to determine if there are relationships between these indicators and water quality, riparian condition, and stream function. The goal is to be able to predict water quality using grazing use level indicators in riparian areas (RWRP Website) . Evaluation of use support in this report is based on the species composition and community structure of periphyton (benthic algae) communities at 8 stream sites that were sampled in early August 1999. The periphyton or phytobenthos community is a basic biological component of all aquatic ecosystems. Periphyton accounts for much of the primary production and biological diversity of Montana streams (Bahls et al . 1992). Plafkin et al . (1989) and Stevenson and Bahls (1999) list several advantages of using periphyton in biological assessments of streams: • Algae are universally present in large numbers in all streams and unimpaired periphyton assemblages typically support a large number (>30) of species; • Algae have rapid reproduction rates and short life cycles, making them useful indicators of short-term impacts,- • As primary producers, algae are most directly affected by physical and chemical factors, such as temperature, nutrients, and toxins; Sampling is quick, easy and inexpensive, and causes minimal damage to resident biota and their habitat; Standard methods and criteria exist for evaluating the composition, structure, and biomass of algal associations; Identification to species is straightforward for the diatoms, for which there is a large body of taxonomic and ecological literature; Excessive algae growth in streams is often correctly perceived as a problem by the public. Periphyton and other biological communities reflect the biological integrity^ of waterbodies; restoring and maintaining the biological integrity of waterbodies is a goal of the federal Clean Water Act; Periphyton and other biological communities integrate the effects of different stressors and provide a measure of their aggregate impact; and Periphyton and other biological communities may be the only practical means of evaluating impacts from non-point sources of pollution where specific ambient criteria do not exist (e.g., impacts that degrade habitat or increase nutrients) . Periphyton is a diverse assortment of simple photosynthetic organisms called algae, and other microorganisms that live attached to or in close proximity of the stream bottom. Most algae, such as the diatoms, are microscopic. Diatoms are distinguished by having a cell wall composed of opaline glass- - hydrated amorphous silica. Diatoms often carpet a stream bottom with a slippery brown film. Some algae, such as the filamentous greens, are conspicuous and their excessive growth may be aesthetically displeasing, deplete dissolved oxygen, interfere with fishing and fish ^ Biological integrity is defined as "the ability of an aquatic ecosystem to support and maintain a balanced, integrated, adaptive community of organisms having a species composition, diversity, and functional organization comparable to that of natural habitats within a region" (Karr and Dudley 1981) . spawning, clog irrigation intakes, create tastes and odors in drinking water, and cause other problems. The federal Clean Water Act directs states to develop water pollution control plans (Total Maximum Daily Loads or TMDLs) that set limits on pollution loading to water-quality limited waters. Water-quality limited waters are lakes and stream segments that do not meet water-quality standards, that is, that do not fully support their beneficial uses. The Clean Water Act and EPA regulations require each state to (1) identify waters that are water-quality limited, (2) prioritize and target waters for TMDLs, and (3) develop TMDL plans to attain and maintain water- quality standards for all water-quality limited waters. One purpose of this report is to provide information that will help the State of Montana to determine whether Box Elder Creek is water-quality limited and in need of TMDLs. Another purpose of this report is to evaluate the sensitivity of periphyton metrics to grazing levels in riparian areas. PROJECT AREA AND SAMPLING SITES The project area is a section of Box Elder Creek north of Winnett in Petroleum County in central Montana. Box Elder Creek heads in the Judith Mountains northeast of Lewistown and flows southeasterly for about 70 miles to the point where it meets the Musselshell River upstream from Mosby, Montana. The watershed encompasses 1,184 square miles. The project area is in the Central Grassland Subregion of the Northwestern Great Plains Ecoregion (Woods et al . 1999). The surface geology consists mainly of marine shales of the Colorado Group (Taylor and Ashley, undated) . Upland vegetation in the study area is mixed grassland (USDA 1976) . Riparian vegetation c along Box Elder Creek is dominated by graminoids and introduced herbaceous species. The sparse shrub layer is dominated by western snowberry, sandbar willow, peachleaf willow, and box elder (RWRP Website) . The main land use is livestock grazing. Elevations at the sampling sites range from about 2,940 feet at the upper site (Reach 022) to 2,860 feet at the lowest site (Reach 001) . Box Elder Creek is an intermittent "pooled channel" stream with a silty bottom (Amy Chadwick, RWRP, personal communication) . It is classified C-3 in the Montana Surface Water Quality Standards. METHODS Periphyton samples were collected from pool edges at 8 sites in early August 1999 (Table 1) . Three replicate samples were collected at one of these sites (Reach 003) . Reach 022 was considered to be a "properly functioning" reference reach from the standpoint of riparian habitat. The other reaches were rated "functional at risk" (Amy Chadwick, RWRP, pers . comm. ) . Periphyton samples were collected following standard operating procedures of the MDEQ Planning, Prevention, and Assistance Division. Using appropriate tools, microalgae were scraped, brushed, or sucked from natural substrates in proportion to the rank of those substrates at the study site. Macroalgae were picked by hand in proportion to their abundance at the site. All collections of microalgae and macroalgae were pooled into a common container and preserved with Lugol ' s solution. Samples were examined to estimate the relative abundance and rank by biovolume of diatoms and genera of soft (non-diatom) algae according to the method described in Bahls (1993) . Soft algae were identified using Prescott (1978), Smith (1950), and Whitford and Schumacher (1984) . These books also served as the main references on the ecology of the soft algae . After the identification of soft algae, raw periphyton samples were cleaned of organic matter using sulfuric acid, and permanent diatom slides were prepared in a high refractive index mounting medium following Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA 1998) . For each slide, between 437 and 496 diatom cells (874 to 992 valves) were counted at random and identified to species. The following were used as the main taxonomic and autecological references for the diatoms: Krammer and Lange- Bertalot 1986, 1988, 1991a, 1991b; Patrick and Reimer 1966, 1975. Lowe (1974) was also used extensively as an ecological reference for the diatoms. Bahls et al . '(1984) provide autecological information on important diatom species that live in the Southern Fort Union Coal Region of Montana, which includes many of those living in Box Elder Creek. The diatom proportional counts were used to generate an array of diatom association metrics (Table 2) . A metric is a characteristic of the biota that changes in some predictable way with increased human influence (Barbour et al . 1999). One additional metric was calculated for this study: percent of cells in the diatom family Epithemiaceae . This family is represented in streams by two genera, Epithemia and Rhopalodia, that commonly harbor endosymbiotic nitrogen- fixing bluegreen algae (cyanobacteria) within their cells. A diatom association that contains a large percentage of cells in these genera may indicate nitrogen-limiting conditions, that is, low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios (Stevenson and Pan 1999) . Metric values from Box Elder Creek were compared to numeric 6 biocriteria developed for streams in the Great Plains Ecoregions of Montana (Table 3) . These criteria are based on metric values measured in least -impaired reference streams (Bahls et al . 1992) and on metric values measured in streams that are known to be impaired by various sources and causes of pollution (Bahls 1993) . The criteria in Table 3 distinguish among four levels of impairment and three levels of aquatic life use support: no impairment or only minor impairment (full support) ; moderate impairment (partial support) ; and severe impairment (nonsupport) . These impairment levels correspond to excellent, good, fair, and poor biological integrity, respectively. Only periphyton samples collected in summer (June 21- September 21) can be compared with confidence to reference stream samples because metric values change seasonally and summer is the season in which reference streams and impaired streams were sampled for the purpose of biocriteria development. Quality Assurance. Several steps were taken to assure that the study results are accurate and reproducible. Upon receipt of the samples, station and sample information were recorded in a laboratory notebook and samples were assigned a unique number compatible with the Montana Diatom Database, e.g., 1885-01. The first part of this number (1885) designates the sampling site (Box Elder Creek Reach BE022) ; the second part of the number (01) designates the number of periphyton samples that have been collected at this site to date for which data have been entered into the Montana Diatom Database. Sample observations and analyses of soft (non-diatom) algae were recorded in a lab notebook along with station and sample information provided by MDEQ . A portion of the raw sample was used to make duplicate diatom slides. On completion of the project, station information, sample information, and diatom proportional count data will be entered into the Montana Diatom Database. One set of diatom slides will be deposited in the University of Montana Herbarium in Missoula. The other set of slides will be retained by Haiinaea in Helena. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results are presented in Tables 4 and 5, located near the end of this report following the Literature Cited section. Spreadsheets containing completed diatom proportional counts, with species pollution tolerance classes (PTC) and calculated percent abundances, are attached as Appendix A. SAMPLE NOTES Reach 022. This sample was very silty. Macrophytes were present. The Cladophora here was senescent and covered with epiphytes, which included Oedogonium, Phormidium, Rivularia, and Stigeoclonium . Free-living Oedogonium was also present. Only straight filaments of Anabaena were observed. Reach 012. This sample was very silty. Macrophytes were present . Ostracods and amphipods were very abundant . Both coiled and straight filaments of Anabaena were observed. Reach Oil. Sample was very silty. Terrestrial vegetation was present in the sample. The Phorwidiuin was epiphytic on filamentous algae. •Reach 008. Sample was silty, but not as silty as sample from Reach 006. Macrophytes were absent, but some terrestrial vegetation was included in the sample. At least four species of Spirogyra were present . Reach 006. Sample was very silty and macrophytes were present. Both straight and coiled filaments of Anabaena were observed. Most diatoms were very small. Reach 004. Chara appears here and in Reach 003. Sample not very silty. Only straight filaments of Anabaena were observed. Reach 003.3. Sample not very silty,- includes macrophytes. Straight and coiled filaments of Anabaena were observed. Reach 003.2. Macrophytes present. Sample not very silty. Both straight and coiled filaments of Anabaena were present. Reach 003.1. Sample contains little silt. The Calothrix species formed large gelatinous masses. More than one species of Anajbaena was present. Reach 001. Sample was silty and crammed with macrophytes. Multiple species of Oedogonium, Mougeotia, and Cosmarium were present, as well as straight and coiled species of Anajbaena. 8 NON- DIATOM ALGAE Box Elder Creek had a very diverse algal flora, even for a prairie stream (Table 4) . [Prairie streams generally have more genera of non-diatom algae and more species of diatoms than do mountain streams (Bahls 1993) .] Reach 022 supported 21 genera of non-diatom algae. The other sites supported fewer genera, but still had good taxonomic richness. All sites supported green algae (Chlorophyta) , euglenoid algae, chrysophytes (mostly diatoms), and cyanobacteria . Dinof lagellates {Gonyaulax) and Cryptomonads {Rhodomonas) were uncommon to common at some of the upper sites. Algae in these latter groups are typically planktonic and found in open water. Filamentous green algae, mainly Cladophora, Rhizoclonium, and Spirogyra, dominated at most of the sites (Table 4) . Cyanobacteria, mainly AnaJbaena, Calothrix, and Lyngbya, were also abundant, particularly at stations near the middle and lower end of the study section. Diatoms were very common to abundant at all sites (Table 4) . Certain genera of algae have rather specific environmental requirements and serve as good indicators of water quality. Chara, a green macroalga, requires soft but stable substrates and clear water; it does not do well in turbid water. Chara was found only in Reaches 004 and 003 (Table 4) . The samples from these reaches were relatively free of silt (see Sample Notes, above) . A species of Calothrix (Division Cyanophyta) with filaments embedded in profuse gelatinous masses, was, like Chara, abundant only in the lower reaches of the study section (Table 4) . This taxon may also be sensitive to turbid waters. Cladophora is a branched filamentous green alga that grows best in cool, flowing water (15-23°C) . In Box Elder Creek, Cladophora was found only in Reach 022 (Table 4) . Cladophora is closely related to Rhizocloniurn, which prefers standing and warmer waters (>23°C) . Rhizocloniurn was found at all sites, including Reach 022 (Table 4) . Euglena and its cohorts Phacus and Trachelomonas generally indicate elevated concentrations of organic nutrients. These algae were found throughout the study section (Table 4) . Since livestock are not known to concentrate in or along Box Elder Creek (Amy Chadwick, RWRP, personal communication) , this loading is probably internal and natural in origin (i.e., from decaying aquatic vegetation) . An abundance of nitrogen- fixing cyanobacteria probably indicates that nitrogen, rather than phosphorus, is the nutrient that is in shortest supply relative to the needs of the algae of Box Elder Creek, especially in the lower reaches of the study section. Box Elder Creek was unusual in that it supported three or more species of Ana^baeria, a planktonic and sometimes toxic cyanobacterium. The abundance of AnaJbaena and the presence of several other genera of planktonic algae (e.g., the euglenoid algae plus Chlamydomonas , Dinohryon, and Scenedesmus) reflect the pooled nature of the Box Elder Creek channel. DIATOMS The major diatom species in Box Elder Creek are somewhat to very tolerant of organic pollution and nutrient enrichment (Class 2 and 1 diatoms, respectively; Table 5) . Nitzschia palea is a nitrogen heterotroph, meaning that it can assimilate and utilize forms of organic nitrogen. Some of these major species (e.g., Nitzschia filiformis, Nitzschia reversa, and Synedra fasciculata) also indicate elevated concentrations of dissolved solids. 10 c Diatom diversity and species richness were normal for a prairie stream, with only minor impairment indicated in Reaches 004 and 003 (Table 5) . The pollution index indicated minor impairment at most sites, but moderate impairment in Reaches 006 and 001. The pollution index responds mostly to organic loading (Lange-Bertalot 1979) . In Box Elder Creek, this loading is probably internal and natural in origin, resulting from the fertile, intermittent nature of the stream, its pooled channel morphology, and its low frequency of flushing. The sedimentation index, which is the percentage of motile diatoms, indicated moderate impairment at all sites except Reach 001, where only minor impairment was indicated (Table 5) . The sedimentation index indicated moderate impairment even in the reference reach (Reach 022), which was judged to be "proper functioning" based on the relatively good condition of the riparian habitat here (Amy Chadwick, RWRP, pers . comm. ) . This may indicate that the sedimentation index is more responsive to channel morphology and stream type than it is to the condition of the riparian area. The disturbance index was uniformly low at all sites on Box Elder Creek (Table 5) . The disturbance index is based on the percent abundance of Achnanthes minutissima, which is a pioneer species that colonizes disturbed habitats. The relatively low numbers of this taxon indicate that Box Elder Creek supported a mature algal assemblage and that there had been little physical, chemical or biological disturbance to the periphyton in the days and weeks prior to sampling. The dominant diatom species at each site generally accounted for less than 25% of the cells (Table 5) . The only exceptions were in Reaches 006 and 003, where Nitzschia palea and Nitzschia frustulum, respectively, accounted for slightly more than a quarter of the cells. This relatively low percent dominance and 11 the good equitability of diatom cells among species indicated only minor impairment at these sites . Slightly more than 1% of the diatom cells in the sample from Reach Oil were abnormal in shape (Table 5) . Smaller percentages of abnormal cells were counted in Reaches 008, 006, and 003. Among the causes of teratological deformities in diatom cells are toxins and salinity. Healthy diatom assemblages typically do not have abnormal cells, except for natural monstrosities represented by post-auxospore cells (Erstlingzelle) . In mountain streams, heavy metals may produce deformities, particularly among the Fragilariaceae (McFarland et al . 1997). The cause of the abnormal cells in Box Elder Creek is unknown. Representatives of the diatom family Epithemiaceae were present at all of the Box Elder* Creek sites (Table 5) . Diatoms in this family harbor endosymbiotic nitrogen- fixing cyanobacteria within their cells and are usually most abundant where nitrogen is the limiting nutrient. The percentage of diatoms in this family peaked in Reaches 003 and 001 at the downstream end of the study section. The similarity index indicates floristic affinities between adjacent reaches. It can be used to judge the degree of change in water quality and other variables between sites. The most dissimilar adjacent reaches were Oil and 012, followed by 012 and 022 (Table 5) . In fact, reaches 022 and 001 had about as much in common, f loristically , as did reaches 022 and 012 . On the other hand, reaches 008 and Oil were very similar, as were reaches 001 and 003, and 003 and 004 (Table 5). The duplicate samples from Reach 003 approached 80% similarity, which is to be expected for duplicate samples from the same site (Bahls 1993) . 12 LITERATURE CITED APHA. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. Bahls, L.L. 1979. Benthic diatom diversity as a measure of water quality. Proc . Mont. Acad. Sci. 38:1-6. Bahls, L.L. 1993. Periphyton Bioassessment Methods for Montana Streams (Revised) . Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena. Bahls, L.L., Bob Bukantis, and Steve Tralles. 1992. Benchmark Biology of Montana Reference Streams . Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena. Bahls, L.L., E.E. Weber, and J. O. Jarvie. 1984. Ecology and Distribution of Major Diatom Ecotypes in the Southern Fort Union Coal Region of Montana. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1289, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder, and J.B. Stribling. 1999. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. Second Edition. EPA/841-B-99-002 . U.S. EPA, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. Karr, J.R., and D.R. Dudley. 1981. Ecological perspectives on water quality goals. Environmental Management 5:55-69. Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot . 1986. Bacillariophyceae, Part 2, Volume 1: Naviculaceae . In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.). Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, New York. Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot. 1988. Bacillariophyceae, Part 2, Volume 2: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae . In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.), Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, New York. Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot. 1991a. Bacillariophyceae, Part 2, Volume 3: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.), Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, Stuttgart. 13 Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot . 1991b. Bacillariophyceae, Part 2, Volume 4: Achnanthaceae, Critical Supplement to Navicula (Lineolatae) and Gomphonema , Complete List of Literature for Volumes 1-4. In Ettl, H., G. Gartner, J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.), Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, Stuttgart. Lange-Bertalot, Horst . 1979. Pollution tolerance of diatoms as a criterion for water quality estimation. Nova Hedwigia 64:285-304. Lowe, R.L. 1974. Environmental Requirements and Pollution Tolerance of Freshwater Diatoms. EPA-670/4-74-005 . McFarland, B.H., B.H. Hill, and W.T. Willingham. 1997. Abnormal Fragilaria spp . (Bacillariophyceae) in streams impacted by mine drainage. Jour, of Freshwater Ecology 12 (1) : 141-149 . Patrick, Ruth, and C.W. Reimer. 1966. The Diatoms of The United States Exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Volume 1: Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae, Achnanthaceae, Naviculaceae . Monograph Number 13, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Patrick, Ruth, and C.W. Reimer. 1975. The Diatoms of The United States Exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Volume 2, Part 1: _ Entomoneidaceae, Cymbellaceae , Gomphonemaceae, Epithemiaceae . Nonograph Number 13, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Plafkin, J.L., M.T. Barbour, K.D. Porter, S.K. Gross, and R.M. Hughes. 1989. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Rivers and Streams: Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. EPA 440-4-89-001. Prescott, G.W. 1978. How to Know the Freshwater Algae. Third Edition. Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa. Smith, G.M. 1950. the Fresh-Water Algae of The United States. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. Stevenson, R.J., and L.L. Bahls. 1999. Periphyton Protocols. Chapter 6 in Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder, and . J.B. Stribling. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. Second Edition. EPA/841-B-99- . 002. U.S. EPA, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. Stevenson, R.J., and Y. Pan. 1999. Assessing Environmental Conditions in Rivers and Streams with Diatoms. Chapter 2 in Stoermer, E.F., and J. P. Smol (eds.). The Diatoms: Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences. 14 Cambridge University Press, New York. Taylor, R.L, and J.M. Ashley. Undated. Geological Map of Montana and Yellowstone National Park. Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman. USDA. 1976. Climax Vegetation of Montana (map). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Cartographic Unit, Portland. Whitford, L.A., and G.J. Schumacher. 1984. A Manual of Fresh- Water Algae (Revised) . Sparks Press, Raleigh, North Carolina. Whittaker, R.H. 1952. A study of summer foliage insect communities in the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecological Monographs 22:1-44. Woods, A.J., J.M. Omernik, J. A. Nesser, J. Shelden, and S.H. Azevedo. 1999. Ecoregions of Montana (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs). 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CD o 4H CD XJ d d o u u fC XJ jd XJ 0 d o 0 o XJ xi 0 in 0 n -H CD d o u 0 Sh 0 CD d o -H XJ re XJ CD 0 ^1 o E Sh o 0 d o XJ n 0 XJ d d o u 0 ^1 0 XJ (13 .d XJ CO " 7^ 0 E fC5 E "^ O'O XJ fC5 ■H 0 o •r— 1 rc! E <: 4H o 0 u o E XJ 4H o d m u CD u •H XJ CD ■H Sh o H 4H fC3 XJ d d CrjO d u u d -a XJ d 0 CD 0 Sh res d o -H XJ Sh o o Sh Dj CD m E o 0 0 m CD o CD 0 CD H Sh 0 'CI ^OJ 0 4::^ XJ XJ fC3 x; XJ CD 0 XJ u -rH T5 d Dj d d o u d 0 XJ o d CD XJ d £1 -H H CD rv) in CD rcJ CN CN o j=: u fC 0 Di d ro H o o u (CJ 0 d 0 0 XJ 0 Xi X 0 -o d -H XJ •H Sh re H -rH E -H CO 0 x; Eh A f APPENDIX A: DIATOM PROPORTIONAL COUNTS Box Elder Creek Reach BE 001 3/21/2000 V. Sample Genus/Specles/Varietv Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 187601 Achnanthes minutissima 3 4 0.46 187601 Amphora coffeaeformis 1 2 0.23 187601 Amphora veneta 1 5 0.57 187601 Sacillaria paradoxa 2 0 0.00 187601 Calonels baclllum 2 2 0.23 187601 Chaetoceros muelleri 1 1 0.11 187601 Cocconeis placentula 3 4 0.46 187601 Cyclotella meneqhiniana 2 43 4.92 187601 Cymbella pusilla 1 20 2.29 187601 Diploneis puella 2 6 0.69 187601 Entomoneis paludosa 2 4 0.46 187601 :pithemia adnata 2 22 2.52 187601 Epithemia sorex 3 0 0.00 187601 Epithemia turqida 3 0 0.00 187601 Gomphonema clavatum 2 1 0.11 187601 Gomphonema parvulum 1 14 1.60 187601 Gyrosiqma spenceril 2 0 0.00 187601 Vlastoqioia smithii 2 1 0.11 187601 Mavicula capltata 2 2 0.23 187601 ^avicula caterva 2 17 1.95 187601 Navicula circumtexta 1 3 0.34 187601 Navicula erituqa 2 7 0.80 187601 Navicula qoersli 2 2 0.23 187601 Navicula qreqaria 2 18 2.06 187601 Navicula halophila 2 2 0.23 187601 Navicula pereqrina 2 3 0.34 187601 Navicula reichardtiana 2 0 0.00 187601 Navicula rhynchocephala 2 1 0.11 187601 Navicula salinicola 1 6 0.69 187601 Navicula slesvlcensis 2 2 0.23 187601 Navicula tenelloides 1 2 0.23 187601 Navicula tenera 1 0 0.00 187601 Navicula vandamii 2 4 0.46 187601 Navicula veneta 1 9 1.03 187601 NItzschia acicularis 2 6 0.69 187601 Nitzschia apiculata 2 4 0.46 187601 Nitzschia archibaldii 2 10 1.14 187601 Nitzschia aurariae 1 2 0.23 187601 Nitzschia capitellata 2 2 0.23 187601 Nitzschia dissipata 3 4 0.46 187601 Nitzschia flexa 2 0 0.00 187601 Nitzschia frustulum 2 176 20.14 187601 Nitzschia inconspicua 2 1 0.11 187601 Nitzschia levidensis 2 2 0.23 187601 Nitzschia liebetruthii 2 8 0.92 187601 Nitzschia microcephaia 1 13 1.49 187601 Nitzschia palea 1 205 23.46 187601 Nitzschia paleacea 2 16 1.83 187601 Nitzschia reversa 2 37 4.23 187601 Nitzschia siqma 1 1 0.11 187601 Nitzschia sociabilis 2 18 2.06 187601 Nitzschia valdestriata 2 8 0.92 187601 Pinnularia microstauron 2 2 0.23 187601 Pleurosiqma delicatulum 2 2 0.23 187601 Rhoicosphenia curvata 3 2 0.23 187601 Rhopalodia brebissonii 1 3 0.34 187601 Rhopalodia qibba 2 1 0.11 187601 Rhopalodia qibberula 2 0 0.00 187601 Rhopalodia operculata 1 9 1.03 187601 Stephanodiscus hantzschii 2 5 0.57 Page 1 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 001 3/21/2000 Sample Genus/Species/Varietv Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 187601 Surlrella brebissonii 2 1 o.n 187601 Synedra fasciculate 2 103 11.78 187601 Synedra pulchella 2 25 2.86 Page 2 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 003-1 3/21/2000 Sample Genus/Species/Varietv Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 187701 Amphora libyca 3 2 0.21 187701 Amphora veneta 1 9 0.97 187701 Bacillaria paradoxa 2 0 0.00 187701 Caloneis bacillum 2 7 0.75 187701 Caloneis silicula 2 2 0.21 187701 Chaetoceros muelleri 1 1 0.11 187701 Cocconeis placentula 3 6 0.64 187701 Cyclotella meneqhiniana 2 8 0.86 187701 Cylindrotheca gracilis 2 2 0.21 187701 Cymbella pusilla 1 5 0.54 187701 Diploneis puella 2 3 0.32 187701 Entomoneis paludosa 2 0 0.00 187701 Epithemia adnata 2 14 1.50 187701 Epithemia sorex 3 8 0.86 187701 Gomphonema parvulum 1 6 0.64 187701 Gyrosiqma macrum 2 1 0.11 187701 Navicula capitata 2 1 0.11 187701 Navicula caterva 2 22 2.36 187701 Navicula circumtexta 1 7 0.75 187701 Navicula cuspidata 2 2 0.21 187701 Navicula erifuqa 2 8 0.86 187701 Navicula qoersii 2 6 0.64 187701 Navicula qreqaria 2 18 1.93 187701 Navicula halophila 2 0 0.00 187701 Navicula pyqmaea 2 6 0.64 187701 Navicula salinarum 1 0 0.00 187701 Navicula salinicola 1 5 0.54 187701 Navicula tenelloides 1 0 0.00 187701 Navicula tenera 1 4 0.43 187701 Navicula vandamii 2 5 0.54 187701 Navicula veneta 1 3 0.32 187701 Nitzschia acicularis 2 1 0.11 187701 Nitzschia anqustatula 2 1 0.11 187701 Nitzschia apiculata 2 1 0.11 187701 Nitzschia archibaldii 2 25 2.68 187701 Nitzschia berqii 1 0 0.00 187701 Nitzschia dissipata 3 7 0.75 187701 Nitzschia frustulum 2 223 23.93 187701 Nitzschia qracilis 2 4 0.43 187701 Nitzschia inconspicua 2 3 0.32 187701 Nitzschia liebetruthii 2 36 3.86 187701 Nitzschia linearis 2 2 0.21 187701 Nitzschia microcephala 1 2 0.21 187701 Nitzschia palea 1 205 22.00 187701 Nitzschia paleacea 2 60 6.44 187701 Nitzschia pusilla 1 2 0.21 187701 Nitzschia reverse 2 92 9.87 187701 Nitzschia siqma 2 0 0.00 187701 Nitzschia sociabilis 2 30 3.22 187701 Nitzschia valdecostata 2 0 0.00 187701 Nitzschia valdestriata 2 1 0.11 187701 Pleurosiqma delicatulum 2 1 0.11 187701 Rhoicosphenia curvata 3 7 0.75 187701 Rhopalodia brebissonii 1 4 0.43 187701 Rhopalodia qibba 2 4 0.43 187701 Rhopalodia operculata 1 4 0.43 187701 Stauroneis tackei 2 5 0.54 187701 Stephanodiscus hantzschii 2 1 0.11 187701 Surirella brebissonii 2 13 1.39 187701 Synedra fasciculata 2 43 4.61 Page 1 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 003-1 3/21/2000 Sample | Genus/Species/Variety Pollution Tolerance Class 1 Count Percent 1 87701 jSynedra pulchella 2i 3 0.32 • Page 2 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 003-2 3/21/2000 Sample | Genus/Species/Variety Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 1 87801 Achnanthes minutissima 3 2 0.21 1 87801 Amphora veneta 1 9 0.96 1 87801 Caloneis bacillum 2 7 0.74 1 87801 ;Chaetoceros muelleri 1 1 0.11 1 87801 ICocconels placentula 3 11 1.17 187801 Cyclotella meneqhiniana 2 4 0.43 187801 Cymbella pusilla 1 4 0.43 187801 Entomoneis alata 2 1 0.11 1 87801 Epithemia adnata 2 19 2.02 1 87801 lEpithemia sorex 3 9 0.96 1 87801 Gomphonema parvulum 1 8 0.85 187801 Navicula capitata 2 1 0.11 187801 Navicula caterva 2 32 3.40 187801 Navicula circumtexta 1 2 0.21 1 87801 Navicula erifuqa 2 8 0.85 1 87801 jNavicula goersii 2 6 0.64 1 87801 INavicula qreqaria 2 10 1.06 1 87801 iNavicula halophila 2 5 0.53 1 87801 iNavlcula minuscula 1 2 0.21 187801 Navicula salinarum 1 4 0.43 187801 iNavicula salinicola 1 10 1.06 1 87801 INavicula slesvicensis 2 4 0.43 1 87801 Navicula tenera 1 3 0.32 1 87801 iNavicula vandamii 2 3 0.32 1 87801 iNavicula veneta 1 4 0.43 1 87801 iNitzschia apiculata 2 3 0.32 1 87801, Nitzschia archibaldii 2 48 5.11 187801 INitzschia aurariae 1 2 0.21 187801 INitzschia capitellata 2 4 0.43 1 87801 iNitzschia dissipata 3 n 1.17 187801 Nitzschia frustulum 2 195 20.74 1 87801 INitzschia levidensis 2 1 0.11 187801 Nitzschia liebetruthii 2 28 2.98 187801 iNitzschia nnicrocephala 1 16 1.70 1 87801 jNitzschia palea 1 136 14.47 1 87801 Nitzschia paleacea 2 104 11.06 187801 Nitzschia reversa 2 72 7.66 187801 Nitzschia siliqua 2 2 0.21 187801 Nitzschia sociabilis 2 13 1.38 1 87801 Nitzschia valdecostata 2 2 0.21 1 87801 iNitzschia valdestriata 2 3 0.32 187801 Pinnularia microstauron 2 2 0.21 1 87801 Rhoicosphenia curvata 3 13 1.38 1 87801 Rhopalodia brebissonii 1 2 0.21 187801 Rhopalodia qibba 2 5 0.53 187801 Rhopalodia operculata 1 1 0.11 1 87801 Stauroneis tackei 2 2 0.21 1 87801 Surirella brebissonii 2 10 1.06 1 87801 Synedra fasciculata 2 92 9.79 187801 Synedra pulchella 2 3 0.32 Page 1 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 003-3 3/21/2000 • Sample I Genus/Specles/Variety Pollution Tolerance Class Count 1 Percent | 1 87901 iAchnanthes delicatula 2 3 0.31 187901 Achnanthes minutissima 3 2 0.21 187901 Amphora libyca 3 1 0.10 187901 Amphora veneta 1 3 0.31 187901 Caloneis bacillum 2 6 0.62 187901 Chaetoceros muelleri 1 2 0.21 187901 Cocconeis placentula 3 8 0.83 187901 Cyclotella atomus 2 2 0.21 187901 Cyclotella meneqhiniana 2 3 0.31 1 87901 iCymbella pusllla 1 2 0.21 187901 Diploneis puella 2 6 0.62 187901 Entomoneis paludosa 2 2 0.21 187901 Epithemia adnata 2 22 2.28 187901 Epithemia sorex 3 26 2.70 187901 Gomphonema parvulum 1 19 1.97 187901 Gyrosiqma spencerii 2 2 0.21 187901 Navicula capitata 2 4 0.41 187901 Navicula caterva 2 13 1.35 187901 Navicula circumtexta 1 7 0.73 187901 Navicula erifuqa 2 7 0.73 187901 Navicula qoersii 2 6 0.62 187901 Navicula qreqaria 2 18 1.87 1 87901 iNavicula omissa 1 1 0.10 187901 Navicula salinicola 1 10 1.04 187901 Navicula vandamii 2 \ 10 1.04 187901 Navicula veneta 1 2 0.21 187901 Nitzschia apiculata 2 3 0.31 187901 Nitzschia archibaldii 2 22 2.28 187901 Nitzschia aurariae 1 4 0.41 187901 Nitzschia compressa 1 2 0.21 187901 Nitzschia dissipata 3 13 1.35 187901 Nitzschia frustulum 2 244 25.31 187901 Nitzschia liebetruthii 2 28 2.90 187901 Nitzschia microcephala 1 6 0.62 187901 Nitzschia palea 1 192 19.92 187901 Nitzschia paleacea 2 69 7.16 187901 Nitzschia perspicua 1 8 0.83 187901 Nitzschia reversa 2 54 5.60 187901 Nitzschia siliqua 2 2 0.21 187901 Nitzschia sociabilis 2 15 1.56 187901 Pinnularia microstauron 2 1 0.10 187901 Pleurosiqma delicatulum 2 1 0.10 187901 IRhoicosphenia curvata 3 18 1.87 187901 Rhopalodia brebissonii 1 5 0.52 187901 Rhopalodia qibba 2 2 0.21 187901 Rhopalodia operculata 1 1 0.10 187901 Stephanodiscus hantzschii 2 2 0.21 187901 Surirelia brebissonii 2 10 1.04 1 87901 ISynedra fasciculata 2 66 6.85 1 87901 iSynedra pulchella 2 9 0.93 Page 1 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 004 3/21/2000 Sample Genus/Species/Varietv Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 188001 Achnanthes delicatula 2 1 0.11 188001 Achnanthes minutissima 3 6 0.65 188001 Amphora veneta 1 3 0.33 188001 Bacillaria paradoxa 2 1 0.11 188001 Caloneis baclllum 2 4 0.43 188001 188001 Chaetoceros muelleri 1 1 0.11 Cocconeis placentula 3 5 0,54 188001 Cyclotella meneghiniana 2 17 1.85 188001 Cylindrotheca qracills 2 0 0.00 188001 Cvmbella pusilla 1 0 0.00 188001 DIploneis puella ■ 2 8 0.87 188001 Entomoneis paludosa 2 3 0.33 188001 Epithemia adnata 2 2 0.22 188001 Epithemia sorex 3 9 0.98 188001 Epithemia turqida 3 1 0.11 188001 Fraqilaria elliptica 2 7 0.76 188001 Navicula capltata 2 1 0.11 188001 Navicula caterva 2 16 1.74 188001 Navicula erifuqa 2 2 0.22 188001 Navicula goersii 2 6 0.65 188001 Navicula qreqaria 2 25 2.72 188001 Navicula halophila 2 3 0.33 188001 Navicula omissa 1 2 0.22 188001 Navicula pelliculosa 1 4 0.43 188001 Navicula radiosa 3 2 0.22 188001 Navicula salinarum 1 1 0.11 188001 Navicula salinicola 1 4 0.43 188001 Navicula tenera 1 0 0.00 188001 Navicula vandamii 2 8 0.87 188001 Navicula veneta 1 10 1.09 188001 Nitzschia acicularis 2 4 0.43 188001 Nitzschia anqustatula 2 0 0.00 188001 Nitzschia apiculata 2 2 0.22 188001 Nitzschia archibaldii 2 17 1.85 188001 Nitzschia aurariae 1 2 0.22 188001 Nitzschia capitellata 2 0 0.00 188001 Nitzschia dissipata 3 8 0.87 188001 Nitzschia filiformis 2 0 0.00 188001 Nitzschia fonticoia 3 2 0.22 188001 Nitzschia frustulum 2 227 24.67 188001 Nitzschia gracilis 2 10 1.09 188001 Nitzschia hunqarica 2 2 0.22 188001 Nitzschia inconspicua 2 4 0.43 188001 Nitzschia liebetruthii 2 16 1.74 188001 Nitzschia microcephala 1 4 0.43 188001 Nitzschia nana 2 1 o.n 188001 Nitzschia palea 1 150 16.30 188001 Nitzschia paleacea 2 222 24.13 188001 Nitzschia reversa 2 26 2.83 188001 Nitzschia siliqua 2 0 0.00 188001 Nitzschia solita 1 2 0.22 188001 Nitzschia valdestriata 2 2 0.22 188001 Pleurosigma delicatuium 2 3 0.33 188001 Rhopalodia qibba 2 2 0.22 188001 Rhopalodia operculata 1 2 0.22 188001 Stauroneis tackei .2 6 0.65 188001 Stephanodiscus hantzschii 2 1 0.11 188001 Stephanodiscus minutulus 2 1 0.11 188001 Surirelia brebissonii 2 0 0.00 188001 Synedra delicatissima 2 8 0.87 Page 1 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 004 3/21/2000 Sample | Genus/Species/Variety Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 188001 Synedra famelica 2 4 0.43 188001 Synedra fasciculata 2 36 3.91 188001 Synedra pulchella 2 0 0.00 188001 Thalassiosira pseudornana 2 4 0.43 • Page 2 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 006 3/21/2000 Sample Genus/Species/Varietv Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 188101 Achnanthes delicatula 2 5 0.50 188101 Achnanthes lanceolata 2 3 0.30 188101 Achnanthes minutlssinna 3 10 1.01 188101 Amphora veneta 1 4 0.40 188101 Bacillaria paradoxa 2 0 0.00 188101 Caloneis bacillum 2 3 0.30 188101 Caloneis sp. 3 1 0.10 188101 Chaetoceros nnuellerl 1 35 3.53 188101 Cocconeis placentula 3 1 0.10 188101 Cyclotella atomus 2 1 0.10 188101 Cyclotelia meneqhiniana 2 34 3.43 188101 Cylindrotheca gracilis 2 2 0.20 188101 Cynnbella pusilla 1 4 0.40 188101 Diatoma tenue 2 2 0.20 188101 Diploneis puella 2 6 0.60 188101 Entomoneis alata 2 0 0.00 188101 Entonnoneis paludosa 2 2 0.20 188101 Epithemia adnata 2 0 0.00 188101 Epithemia sorex 3 3 0.30 188101 Fraqilaria elliptica 2 40 4.03 188101 Gomphonema parvulum 1 2 0.20 188101 Gyrosiqma macrum 2 3 0.30 188101 Gyrosiqma spencerii 2 3 0.30 188101 Navicula capitata 2 1 0.10 188101 Navicula caterva 2 4 0.40 188101 Navicula cincta 1 1 0.10 188101 Navicula circumtexta 1 4 0.40 188101 Navicula cryptotenella 2 1 0.10 188101 Navicula erifuqa 2 13 1.31 188101 Navicula qoersii 2 30 3.02 188101 Navicula qreqaria 2 29 2.92 188101 Navicula halophila 2 1 0.10 188101 Navicula minuscuia 1 6 0.60 188101 Navicula muralis 1 18 1.81 188101 Navicula omissa 1 2 0.20 188101 Navicula pyqmaea 2 0 0.00 188101 Navicula salinicola 1 7 0.71 188101 Navicula slesvicensis 2 1 0.10 188101 Navicula tenelloides 1 3 0.30 188101 Navicula tenera 1 4 0.40 188101 Navicula vandamii 2 6 0.60 188101 Navicula veneta 1 19 1.92 188101 Nitzschia anqustatula 2 1 0.10 188101 Nitzschia apiculata 2 2 0.20 188101 Nitzschia archibaldii 2 24 2.42 188101 Nitzschia aurariae 1 2 0.20 188101 Nitzschia capitellata 2 8 0.81 188101 Nitzschia compressa 1 1 0.10 188101 Nitzschia dissipata 3 4 0.40 188101 Nitzschia frustulum 2 102 10.28 188101 Nitzschia qracilis 2 4 0.40 188101 Nitzschia inconspicua 2 0 0.00 188101 Nitzschia leistikowii 2 0 0.00 188101 Nitzschia levidensis 2 4 0.40 188101 Nitzschia liebetruthii 2 13 1.31 188101 Nitzschia microcephala 1 5 0.50 188101 Nitzschia palea 1 289 29.13 188101 Nitzschia paleacea 2 123 12.40 188101 Nitzschia reversa 2 8 0.81 188101 Nitzschia sillqua 2 4 0.40 Page 1 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 006 3/21/2000 • Sample Genus/Species/Varietv Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 188101 Nitzschia solita 1 0 0.00 188101 Nitzschia tryblionella 2 0 0.00 188101 Nitzschia valdestriata 2 17 1.71 188101 Pleurosiqma delicatulum 2 5 0.50 188101 Rhoicosphenia curvata 3 6 0.60 188101 Rhopalodia qibba 2 3 0.30 188101 Rhopalodia operculata 1 0 0.00 188101 Stauroneis tackei 2 1 0.10 188101 Stephanodiscus hantzschii 2 15 1.51 188101 Stephanodiscus minutulus 2 2 0.20 188101 Surirella brebissonii 2 0 0.00 1 881 01 iSynedra fasciouiata 2 35 3.53 188101 Synedra pulchella 2 0 0.00 • Page 2 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 008 3/21/2000 Sample Genus/Species/Varlety Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 188201 Achnanthes delicatula 2 0 0.00 188201 Achnanthes minutissima 3 31 3.16 188201 Amphora llbyca 3 2 0.20 188201 Bacillaria paradoxa 2 1 0.10 188201 Caloneis bacillum 2 4 0.41 188201 Caloneis schumanniana 2 2 0.20 188201 Cocconels placentula 3 1 0.10 188201 Cyclotella meneqhiniana 2 0 0.00 188201 Cymatopleura solea 2 2 0.20 188201 DIploneis puella 2 4 0.41 188201 Epithemia sorex 3 6 0.61 188201 Epithemia turqida 3 1 0.10 188201 Fraqllaria elliptica 2 12 1.22 188201 Gomphonema parvulum 1 23 2.35 188201 Gyrosiqma macrum 2 9 0.92 188201 Gyrosiqma spencerii 2 3 0.31 188201 Navicula caterva 2 16 1.63 188201 Navlcula cincta 1 3 0.31 188201 Navicula circumtexta 1 6 0.61 188201 Navicula erifuqa 2 17 1.73 188201 Navicula qoersii 2 6 0.61 188201 Navicula qreqaria 2 3 0.31 188201 Navicula halophila 2 3 0.31 188201 Navicula menisculus 2 1 0.10 188201 Navicula omissa 1 6 0.61 188201 Navicula pyqmaea 2 6 0.61 188201 Navicula salinicola 1 17 1.73 188201 Navicula slesvicensis 2 2 0.20 188201 Navicula tenelloides 1 4 0.41 186201 Navicula veneta 1 26 2.65 188201 Nitzschia acicularis 2 2 0.20 188201 Nitzschia aequorea 2 70 7.14 188201 Nitzschia apiculata 2 5 0.51 188201 Nitzschia archibaldii 2 4 0.41 188201 Nitzschia capitellata 2 30 3.06 188201 Nitzschia dissipata 3 4 0.41 188201 Nitzschia filiformis 2 3 0.31 188201 Nitzschia flexoides 2 2 0.20 188201 Nitzschia frustulum 2 162 16.53 188201 Nitzschia qracilis 2 2 0.20 188201 Nitzschia hunqarica 2 7 0.71 188201 Nitzschia inconspicua 2 6 0.61 188201 Nitzschia liebetruthii 2 66 6.73 188201 Nitzschia microcephala 1 4 0.41 188201 Nitzschia palea 1 163 16.63 188201 Nitzschia paleacea 2 132 13.47 188201 Nitzschia perspicua 1 2 0.20 188201 Nitzschia reversa 2 27 2.76 188201 Nitzschia siqmoidea 3 1 0.10 188201 Nitzschia siliqua 2 4 0.41 188201 Nitzschia solita 1 4 0.41 188201 Nitzschia sublinearis 2 2 0.20 188201 Nitzschia valdecostata 2 2 0.20 188201 Nitzschia valdestriata 2 4 0.41 188201 Pinnularia microstauron 2 0 0.00 188201 Pleurosigma delicatulum 2 1 0.10 188201 Rhoicosphenia curvata 3 3 0.31 188201 Rhopalodia qibba 2 8 0.82 188201 Stephanodiscus hantzschii 2 2 0.20 188201 Surirella brebissonii 2 2 0.20 Page 1 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 008 3/21/2000 • Sample Genus/Species/Variety Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 1 88201 Synedra delicatissima 2 1 0.10 188201 Synedra famelica 2 2 0.20 188201 Synedra fasciculata 2 36 3.67 188201 Synedra pulchella 2 0 0.00 • Page 2 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 01 1 3/21/2000 Sample Genus/Species/Varietv Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 188301 Achnanthes delicatula 2 2 0.22 188301 Achnanthes lanceolata 2 3 0.33 188301 Achnanthes minutissima 3 35 3.84 188301 Amphora veneta 1 1 0.11 188301 Caloneis bacillum 2 14 1.54 188301 Cocconeis pediculus 3 0 0.00 188301 Cyolotella atomus 2 4 0.44 188301 Cyclotella meneqhiniana 2 4 0.44 188301 Cynnbella pusilla 1 1 0.11 188301 Diploneispuella 2 1 0.11 188301 Entomoneis alata 2 2 0.22 188301 Epithemia adnata 2 2 0.22 188301 Epithemia sorex 3 4 0.44 188301 Fraqilaria elliptica 2 3 0.33 188301 Gomphonema clavatum 2 1 0.11 188301 Gomphonema qracile 2 2 0.22 188301 Gomphonema parvulum 1 26 2.85 188301 Gyrosiqma macrum 2 19 2.08 188301 Gyrosiqma spencerii 2 0 0.00 188301 Navicula capitata 2 3 0.33 188301 Navicula caterva 2 8 0.88 188301 Navicula cincta 1 3 0.33 188301 Navicula cuspidata 2 1 0.11 188301 Navicula erifuqa 2 1 0.11 188301 Navicula qreqaria 2 15 1.64 188301 Navicula haiophila 2 4 0.44 188301 Navicula muralis 1 2 0.22 188301 Navicula salinicola 1 4 0.44 188301 Navicula tenelloides 1 8 0.88 188301 Navicula tenera 1 2 0.22 188301 Navicula veneta 1 11 1.21 188301 Nitzschia acicularis 2 2 0.22 188301 Nitzschia aequorea 2 68 7.46 188301 Nitzschia apiculata 2 3 0.33 188301 Nitzschia archlbaldii 2 8 0.88 188301 Nitzschia capitellata 2 8 0.88 188301 Nitzschia debilis 2 2 0.22 188301 Nitzschia dissipata 3 10 1.10 188301 Nitzschia filiformis 2 10 1.10 188301 Nitzschia flexa 2 1 0.11 188301 Nitzschia frustulum 2 169 18.53 188301 Nitzschia qracilis 2 2 0.22 188301 Nitzschia hungarica 2 2 0.22 188301 Nitzschia incognita 2 39 4.28 188301 Nitzschia liebetruthli 2 43 4.71 188301 Nitzschia microcephala 1 4 0.44 188301 Nitzschia palea 1 97 10.64 188301 Nitzschia paleacea 2 81 8.88 188301 Nitzschia perspicua 1 2 0.22 188301 Nitzschia reverse 2 22 2.41 188301 Nitzschia siliqua 2 5 0.55 188301 Nitzschia solita ' 1 4 0.44 188301 Nitzschia valdecostata 2 2 0.22 188301 Nitzschia valdestriata 2 21 2.30 188301 Pinnularia microstauron 2 1 0.11 188301 Pleurosiqma delicatulum 2 11 1.21 188301 Rhoicosphenia curvata 3 29 3.18 188301 Rhopalodia brebissonij 1 0 0.00 188301 Rhopalodia qibba 2 10 1.10 188301 Surirella brebissonii 2 3 0.33 Page 1 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 01 1 3/21/2000 Sample | Genus/Species/Variety Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 188301 Synedra fasciculata 2 66 7.24 1 88301 iThalassiosira pseudonana Jl_ 1 0.11 ^ Page 2 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 012 3/21/2000 Sample Genus/Species/Varletv Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 188401 Achnanthes lanceolata 2 2 0.22 188401 Achnanthes minutissima 3 11 1.20 188401 Amphipleura pellucida 2 1 0.11 188401 Amphora libyca 3 2 0.22 188401 Amphora pediculus 3 0 0.00 188401 Amphora veneta 1 1 o.n 188401 Bacillaria paradoxa 2 6 0.66 188401 Caloneis baclllum 2 14 1.53 188401 Cyclotella atomus 2 6 0.66 188401 Cyclotella meneqhiniana 2 17 1.86 188401 Diploneis puella 2 7 0.77 188401 Entomoneis paludosa 2 1 0.11 188401 Epithemia adnata 2 1 0.11 188401 Epithemia sorex 3 3 0.33 188401 Epithemia turqida 3 0 0.00 188401 Fragilaria elliptica 2 6 0.66 188401 Gomphonema clavatum 2 2 0.22 188401 Gomphonema qracile 2 11 1.20 188401 Gomphonema parvulum 1 13 1.42 188401 Navicula caterva 2 6 0.66 188401 Navicula circumtexta 1 0 0.00 188401 Navicula erifuqa 2 35 3.83 188401 Navicula qreqaria 2 1 0.11 188401 Navicula halophila 2 1 0.11 188401 Navicula omissa 1 3 0.33 188401 Navicula pyqmaea 2 0 0.00 188401 Navicula radiosa 3 1 0.11 188401 Navicula recens 2 0 0.00 188401 Navicula salinicola 1 6 0.66 18.8401 Navicula veneta 1 15 1.64 188401 Nitzschia acicularis 2 8 0.88 188401 Nitzschia aequorea 2 14 1.53 188401 Nitzschia amphibia 2 4 0.44 188401 Nitzschia apiculata 2 2 0.22 188401 Nitzschia archibaldii 2 10 1.09 188401 Nitzschia capitellata 2 2 0.22 188401 Nitzschia dissipata 3 42 4.60 188401 Nitzschia filiformis 2 127 13.89 188401 Nitzschia frustulum 2 65 7.11 188401 Nitzschia hunqarica 2 8 0.88 188401 Nitzschia incoqnita 2 10 1.09 188401 Nitzschia inconspicua 2 3 0.33 188401 Nitzschia liebetruthii 2 17 1.86 188401 Nitzschia palea 1 77 8.42 188401 Nitzschia paleacea 2 62 6.78 188401 Nitzschia recta 3 1 0.11 188401 Nitzschia reversa 2 176 19.26 188401 Nitzschia siqmoidea 3 0 0.00 188401 Nitzschia solita 1 3 0.33 188401 Nitzschia valdestriata 2 1 0.11 188401 Pleurosiqma delicatulum 2 8 0.88 188401 Rhoicosphenia curvata 3 14 1.53 188401 Rhopalodia qibba 2 20 2.19 188401 Rhopalodia operculata 1 5 0.55 188401 Simonsenia deloqnei 2 2 0.22 188401 Stauroneis tackei 2 1 0.11 188401 Surirella brebissonii 2 3 0.33 188401 Synedra delicatissima 2 8 0.88 188401 Synedra fasciculata 2 47 5.14 188401 Synedra pulchella 2 0 0.00 Page 1 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 012 3/21/2000 • Sample Genus/Species/Variety 1 Pollution Tolerance Class 1 Count Percent 188401 Thalassiosira welssfloqil 2| 2 0.22 o Page 2 Box Elder Creek Reach BE 022 3/21/2000 Sample Genus/Species/Varletv Pollution Tolerance Class Count Percent 1 188501 Achnanthes delicatula 2 1 0.11 188501 Achnanthes lanceolata 2 2 0.22 188501 Achnanthes minutissima 3 55 6.00 188501 Amphora Inariensis 3 4 0.44 188501 Amphora pediculus 3 14 1.53 188501 Amphora veneta 1 1 0.11 188501 Bacillaria paradoxa 2 5 0.55 188501 Caloneis bacillum 2 16 1.75 188501 Cyclotella atomus 2 0 0.00 188501 Cyclotella meneqhiniana 2 3 0.33 188501 Diplonels puella 2 1 0.11 188501 Epithemia adnata 2 3 0.33 188501 Epithemia sorex 3 7 0.76 188501 Epithemia turqida 3 2 0.22 188501 Fraqilaria elliptica 2 19 2.07 188501 Gomphonema intricatum 3 2 0.22 188501 Gomphonema parvulum 1 10 1.09 188501 Gyrosiqma macrum 2 1 0.11 188501 Gyrosiqma spencerii 2 0 0.00 188501 Mastoqiola elliptica 2 0 0.00 188501 Navicula capitata 2 3 0.33 188501 Navicula caterva 2 2 0.22 188501 Navicula erifuqa 2 14 1.53 188501 Navicula qreqaria 2 3 0.33 188501 Navicula halophila 2 2 0.22 188501 Navicula omissa 1 6 0.66 188501 Navicula pelliculosa 1 2 0.22 188501 Navicula radiosa 3 0 0.00 188501 Navicula reichardtiana 2 2 0.22 188501 Navicula sallnicola 1 28 3.06 188501 Navicula vandamii 2 2 0.22 188501 Navicula veneta 1 9 0.98 188501 Nitzschia acicularis 2 2 0.22 188501 Nitzschia aequorea 2 74 8.08 188501 Nitzschia amphibia 2 2 0.22 188501 Nitzschia apiculata 2 4 0.44 188501 Nitzschia archibaldii 2 22 2.40 188501 Nitzschia dissipata 3 11 1.20 188501 Nitzschia filiformis 2 24 2.62 188501 Nitzschia frustulum 2 130 14.19 188501 Nitzschia hunqarica 2 1 0.11 188501 Nitzschia incognita 2 6 0.66 1 88501 iNltzschia inconspicua 2 11 1.20 188501 Nitzschia iiebetruthii 2 1 0.11 188501 Nitzschia palea 1 173 18.89 188501 Nitzschia paleacea 2 80 8.73 188501 Nitzschia perminuta 3 1 0.11 188501 Nitzschia reversa 2 60 6.55 188501 Nitzschia sociabilis 2 1 0.11 188501 Nitzschia solita 1 2 0.22 188501 Nitzschia tryblionella 2 0 0.00 188501 Nitzschia valdecostata 2 9 0.98 188501 Nitzschia valdestriata 2 32 3.49 188501 PInnularia microstauron 2 1 0.11 188501 Pleurosiqma delicatulum 2 12 1.31 188501 Rhoicosphenia curvata 3 8 0.87 188501 Rhopalodia qibba 2 9 0.98 188501 Rhopalodia operculata 1 3 0.33 188501 Surirella brebissonii 2 0 0.00 188501 Synedra fasciculata 2 18 1.97 Page 1 • • Hannaea p 1032 Twelfth Avenue • Helena. MT 59601 • (406) 443-2196 e-mail: lbahls(asel way.unrt.edu ^ March 21, 2000 Ms. Carol Endicott Monitoring and Data Management Bureau Montana Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 2 0 09 01 Helena, Montana 59620-0901 Re: Box Elder Creek and Musselshell River Periphyton Reports DEQ Contract No. 200012 Carol , Enclosed are my reports on Box Elder Creek and the Musselshell River, based on samples submitted by the Riparian and Wetland Research Program of The University of Montana. I talked to Amy Chadwick and she said that these were separate studies, so I did a separate report on each one. These projects were very instructive. Box Elder Creek is an 0 intermittent stream and the samples were collected only from pool edges. The periphyton indicated that all of the sites were moderately impaired, most frequently by siltation. Among the M impaired sites was the upstream reference site- -the only site where riparian habitat was in decent shape. The Musselshell River is a perennial stream and the samples were collected only from rocks in riffles. The periphyton indicated that all of the sites fully supported their aquatic life uses, whereas riparian habitat was rated as partly at risk at all sites due to sparse vegetation and exotic species. From all of this I would conclude the following: (1) periphyton metrics are relatively insensitive to riparian condition (unless riparian condition has a measurable effect on water quality) ; (2) excessive sedimentation in perennial, high energy prairie streams (e.g., the Musselshell River) can be detected only by gathering a composite, multi-habitat sample from riffles, runs, and pools (per MDEQ SOPs) ; and (3) separate sets of biocriteria may need to be developed for perennial vs. intermittent prairie streams. Sincerely, Loren L. Bahls, Ph.D. ^ Phycologist e