cs^.in.^w-^ Annual Report Protection Act r ... ^k 1 June 1985 ^^^^52 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COM' National Oceanic an National Marine Fisherie tl\l»^ '* ' > Cover: A pair of California sea lions from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, population. Photo by Mike Gosliner, Fisheries General Counsel Office, NOAA. CSS. iz-i.i K 13 e c 3 p •H fe H rd m P 0 D1 < >i co >d PQ C fd u >H CD tP £ c 0 pa kI £ CD a; X! 55 -p ^ c CO •H p rd M-l J-i rH « to o •P •P x; 0 +j 0 -H W £ >i S-e 0 u 0 4-> (D 0 ■H X! rrj to A Z -P tP 03 +J • T3 CO C fa id cu X! Cn •H CU g 2 CO U id & id cu CU CO id id c co 03 P a >i h e o o ■H -P H O X id a. cu co 03 Id 4-1 IW •H -H rH H 03 03 U U 33 PART III MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH PROGRAMS Alaska Region and Northwest Region (Management) National Marine Mammal Laboratory Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center (Research) Bowhead Whales, Although bowhead whales are listed as an endangered species, Alaska natives are allowed to hunt them for subsistence purposes. Catch limits for the hunt are set by the International Whaling Commission and regulations for management of the harvest are implemented under the Whaling Convention Act of 1949. The strike quota for 1984 and 1985 was set at 43 with no more than 27 strikes allowed in either year. Of these, 22 were used during the spring hunt and 3 were used during the fall hunt. The remaining 18 strikes are available to be used during the 1985 season. During the spring hunt, 11 whales were landed; one was landed during the fall hunt. NMFS-based enforcement agents were in Gambell/Savoonga , Point Hope and Barrow during the spring hunt and in Kaktovik during the fall hunt . Although NMFS is the Federal agency with primary responsibility for bowhead whales, several other agencies including the State of Alaska, the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission, the North Slope Borough, and the Department of the Interior, are concerned with their protection. Research into the status of the bowhead whale population including studies of population size and recruitment, seasonal distribution and migration, and behavior relative to the availability of food or human disturbance, are carried out by NMFS, its National Marine Mammal Laboratory, the Minerals Management Service and the North Slope Borough (Alaska). 34 Annual Quotas and Catch of Bowhead Whales 1978-1984 Quota-1 Landed Strikes Actual Take Landed Lost Strikes 12 6 18 12 15 27 16 18 34 17 11 28 8 11 19 9 9 18 12 13 25 1978 1979 1980 1981: 1982 1983 1984 1985 14 18 18 17 16 18 20 27 26 32 19 18 27: 18 ■'•Quotas were first set for this population in 1978. Since 1982 a landed whale counts against the strike quota. Hunting is to cease when the quota of total strikes including landed whales is reached. 2Based on IWC quotas, totals for 1981, 1982, 1983 combined could not exceed 45 landed or 65 struck. JA two-year quota not to exceed 43 strikes was put into effect at the July 1983 IWC meeting. A domestic limit of 27 strikes was set for 1984 consistent with the IWC decision. Humpback Whales. A portion of the Northern Pacific population of humpback whales (about 1,200 animals) spend the summer in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve and other areas in southeast Alaska. Most of the North Pacific population winters in the waters around the main islands of Hawaii. Activities in both areas including commercial and recreational vessel traffic, offshore oil and gas development, sport and commercial fisheries, and coastal development may threaten this species. 35 In Alaska from 1967 to 1977, an average of 20 to 25 humpback whales were observed each year in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. In 1978 and 1979, the number appeared to decrease, and it was thought that increasing vessel traffic might be partially responsible. In 1980, in consultation with NMFS, the National Park Service established regulations to restrict vessel traffic to 1976 levels. In 1981, Congress appropriated special funds to the National Park Service to address the problem, and the Service gave a portion of the funds to NMFS to carry out the studies. However, since humpback whales are using the Bay in increasing numbers and since research studies have not found any evidence linking vessel traffic with the decrease in use in 1978 and 1979, the National Park Service is proposing a 12 to 14 percent increase above the 1976 level for vessel traffic into the Park. Studies made by NMFS indicated that the decrease in use of the Bay by humpback whales was probably related to the amount of food available in the Bay. During 1984, the Alaska State legislature voted to study the feasibility of using jetfoils to supplement the Alaska State Ferry System. Because of the potential for collisions with humpback whales, the Alaska Department of Transportation placed observers aboard the jetfoil to monitor the presence of whales. No collisions were reported during the 90-day trial period. Most whales were spotted near the coastline out of the path of the jetfoil. Pall's Porpoise. Marine mammals, primarily the Dall's porpoise, are taken during commercial gillnet operations by Japanese fishing vessels both in and out of the U.S. fishery conservation zone (FCZ) in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. Under a permit issued by NMFS, the Japanese salmon mothership fishery may take up to 5,500 Dall's porpoises annually inside the FCZ. Based on our observer records, we estimate that the total take in 1984 was 2,443 animals inside the FCZ. In 1984, NMFS monitored the incidental take by the Japanese with U.S. observers aboard catcherboats while the mothership fleets operated inside the FCZ and observers from Japan Fisheries Agency aboard catcherboats both inside and outside the FCZ. Observers also collected data on the incidental take of Chinook salmon and steelhead trout during gillnet operations and on seabird entanglements. A cooperative research program that began in 1982 with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on the incidental take of seabirds during this fishery continued in 1984. 36 Scientists from the NMML are continuing the research programs initiated in 1978 under the MOU and the MMPA general permit. In 1984, a U.S. biologist was on board each of the Japanese salmon motherships to collect biological samples and data from all incidentally taken marine mammals returned to the motherships. Japanese nationals collected samples from porpoises taken north of the FCZ . A study was made in Prince William Sound, Alaska and offshore waters of the Western North Pacific on the response of Dall's porpoise to a survey vessel. This field work is part of a study begun in 1982 to better determine the population abundance. Northern Fur Seals. Under 1983 amendments to the Fur Seal Act, the Federal Government has been relieved of many responsibilities in the Pribilof Islands. However, responsibility for administration of seal rookeries and oversight of the annual seal harvest remains with NMFS. The Pribilof Islands Program, which was responsible for administration of the Pribilofs including fur seal management, was phased out in 1984 and the remaining fur seal management responsibilities were transferred from the NMFS Northwest Region to the Alaska Regional Office. During 1984, the harvest was carried out under contract with the Tanadgusix Corporation. Based on a recommendation by the North Pacific Fur Seal Commission, the Department of Commerce set a cap of 22,000 on the harvest. During the five- week harvest period, 22,066 seals were taken. Almost all were 2 to 5 year old subadult males. The moratorium on commercial seal harvesting continued on St. George Island where 350 subadult male seals were taken during the subsistence harvest which is allowed on the Island. Several thousand pounds of seal meat resulting from the St. Paul Island harvest were shipped to St. George Island to supplement this take. Biological information collected by the NMML on fur seals of the Pribilof Islands of St. Paul and St. George included determining the age of fur seals harvested, the number of adult males on the rookeries and hauling grounds, and the number of pups and older seals that died on the rookeries and adjacent beaches. In 1984, approximately 173,100 pups were born on St. Paul Island. Behavioral research on St. George Island continued to emphasize key behavioral parameters associated with changes in adult sex ratio. A new study on the relationship of adult 37 males to pups was begun , and surveys were made to determine the number of adult females entangled in fishing debris. A study on the behavior of nonbreeding adult males was begun and a study of female gregariousness and agression was completed. More measurements were made of diving behavior. Juvenile males were censused weekly. Over 100 adult females were marked for a study of pregnancy and mortality rates. In 1984 , the Humane Society of the United States, on behalf of several other groups, petitioned NMFS to add the North -Pacific fur seal to the U.S. List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. In response, NMFS reviewed the status of the fur seal to determine if the petitioned action was warranted. Based on that review, current population estimates, and the implementation of various Federal and international measures to conserve the species, NMFS determined that the proposal to list the North Pacific fur seal as a threatened species is not warranted at this time. Southwest Region (Management) Southwest Fisheries Center (Research) Porpoise* Taken Incidentally in the Yellowfin Tuna Fishery. During 1984, the Southwest Region fielded 27 tuna/porpoise observer cruises aboard commercial tuna purse- seine vessels. Of these, sixteen were fielded through the porpoise/tuna research program of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC), and 11 were fielded by NMFS. Legal complications early in the year reduced the expected number of observer trips. The Region made net and gear inspections aboard 42 U.S. tuna seiners to ensure the presence of porpoise safety gear. Assistance was also provided in the alignment of newly- ^NMFS uses the term porpoise, rather than dolphin, to prevent confusion with the dolphin fish, an object of sport and commercial fishing. However, the common name is used when discussing individual species or stocks such as an eastern spinner dolphin. 38 installed aprons for two vessels working out of San Diego in conjunction with IATTC and Porpoise Rescue Foundation personnel. The Region held Tuna Seiner Operator's Workshops for eight skippers and issued 71 Operator's and 34 Vessel Certificates . The Center continued its tuna-porpoise research program which is concerned with understanding the population biology of porpoises associated with the U.S. purse-seine fishery for tunas in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP). The Center completed a review of the research related to the status of stocks of porpoise and planning for an expanded program to monitor their abundance using research vessels and aircraft. A total of 27 manuscripts documenting results of analyses and 10 reports of panel meetings were completed. In its 1984 reauthorization of the MMPA, Congress called for an expanded stock monitoring program. The Center is designing a program to use research ships to collect data for monitoring population size. Factors addressed in developing the design include season, survey area, stratification of area, and allocation of searching effort to strata. The number of ships required, use of helicopters to augment data collection and interpretation, and consistency of survey methods are being considered. Analytical models incorporating these factors are being developed and used to determine levels of precision required to detect different levels of population decline. A review panel of scientists from the Marine Mammal Commission, the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, the Porpoise Rescue Foundation, the Environmental Defense Fund, and North Carolina State University, assisted the Center in reviewing the results of models. Based on the panel's advice, the Center will prepare a design for monitoring ETP dolphin stock abundance with research vessels. Biological research on ETP dolphins continues on age determination and growth, reproduction, bioenergetics and stock structure. The validity of growth layer groups in teeth is being tested using known age and tetracycline labeled specimens. Teeth from females are being examined for parturition marks and other layers that might be used to estimate frequency of pregnancy. The possibility of segregation of spotted dolphins into juvenile breeding schools is being investigated by examining age, sex and color patterns in sample schools. Computer simulation models are being developed to compare the bioenergetics of spotted dolphin and yellowfin tuna in the ETP as part of an investigation to identify the basis for the tuna-dolphin association and work is 39 progressing using mitochondrial DNA sequences to study structures of racial stocks of ETP dolphins. Bottlenose Dolphin. The Center continued population studies on 240 bottlenose dolphins that inhabit the waters offshore San Diego county. Many of the individual dolphins are recognizable from distinctive scar patterns on their dorsal fin. Using this trait, a study on the schooling behavior of the animals was completed during April 1984 in cooperation with student interns from Southhampton College, New York. An extension of this study in cooperation with San Diego State University addresses possible exchange between bottlenose dolphins of northern Baja California, Mexico and southern California. In June 1984, the Center held a workshop on the status of bottlenose dolphins off southern California. Participants included researchers, managers, and other interested individuals from both private and government organizations. A report on the workshop proceedings is in preparation. Harbor Porpoise. The Center organized a cooperative harbor porpoise survey with the National Marine Mammal Lab, the Southwest Region, and the California Department of Fish and Game. The survey was made using the NOAA vessel, David Starr Jordan, and a State-owned aircraft. The Jordan operated one to two miles from the coast searching from Point Conception, California to the Canadian border. The aircraft operated closer to shore surveying much of the same area as the Jordan. About 300 schools of harbor porpoise were observed. A report of results of the survey is in preparation. A second survey is planned for 1985. Humpback Whale. The Southwest Region is responsible for humpback whales when they winter in the Hawaiian Islands. A Notice of Interpretation issued by the Region in 1979 for the "taking by harassment" of humpback whales in the Hawaiian Islands remains in effect. NMFS enforcement agents monitored whale watching and research activities around Maui, and press releases issued on all of the main islands included guidelines for humpback whale watching. As part of the management program for humpback whales, the Region's Western Pacific Program Office (Honolulu) conducted consultations under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. Federal projects were reviewed and recommendations were made to ensure that associated activities would not jeopardize the continued existence of humpback whales. 40 Pilot Whale. Since there is an occasional incidental take of pilot whales during the commercial fishery for squid off southern California, the Center continued a monitoring program started in 1980. The Center completed two aerial surveys and one vessel survey directed at assessing interactions of pilot whales around Santa Catalina Island. The vessel survey resulted in only one sighting of ten animals. Aerial surveys resulted in one sighting of 12 animals during December, and three sightings totaling 58 animals during January. The University of California at Santa Cruz, under contract to the Center, studied movement patterns and reproductive behavior of the pilot whales around Santa Catalina Island. This study which uses markings on individual animals as natural tags should be completed in 1985. Seals and Sea Lions—Calif ornia Coast. The California Department of Fish and Game, under contract to the Southwest Region and Fisheries Center, continued to assess the status of the harbor seal population in California, the mortality of marine mammals in commercial fisheries, and the effectiveness of several non-lethal harassment devices designed to reduce marine mammal-fisheries interactions. NMFS will use data from the harbor seal population surveys to assess the status of this population. Legislation establishing the Channel Islands National Park instructed the Departments of Interior and Commerce to cooperate in the Park planning processes that concern marine mammals, and also directed them to cooperate in the development of a Natural Resources Study. The Region and the Center have developed management and research plans for pinniped populations in the Park in consultation with the National Park Service, the State of California, and the Office of Coastal Zone Management. A report on the status of the pinniped populations in the Park, including a discussion of population dynamics, management concerns, information needs, and an updated literature review was prepared by the Region as the NMFS contribution to the National Park Service Second Biennial Report to Congress on the status of the natural resources in the Park. The Region analyzed the literature from 1850 to the present to describe long-term trends in the use and location of California and northern sea lions rookeries in the southern California Bight. The analysis will be used to monitor and assess trends in sea lion distribution. 41 The Center continued to participate in a cooperative study of coastal populations of pinnipeds. This research includes monitoring trends in population levels and assessing the impact of the incidental kill of marine mammals in commercial fisheries. During June and July, counts of pups were completed at all major rookeries; about 900 pups were sexed, tagged, and weighed, and during September samples were collected to analyze food habits. Also, procedures to keep pinnipeds from taking fish caught by recreational and commercial fishermen were tested using acoustic devices and fish laced with a chemical emetic. Harbor Seals. Under a contract from the Region and Center, the CDFG surveyed the California coast and offshore islands to census harbor seals. Since previous studies indicated that the greatest number of harbor seals was observed along the coast during the June molting season, the survey was conducted at that time. Counts from photographs were verified by comparison with counts made by shore-based observers stationed at haul-outs along the coast. The 1984 estimate of the California population was over 18,200 animals, comparable to estimates made in each of the past three years. A study to determine movement patterns and effects of disturbance by vessels on haul-out behavior of harbor seals was begun in June 1984. At Santa Rosa Island, 12 harbor seals were captured and tagged with radio transmitters. Northern Elephant Seals. The Center conducted research on northern elephant seals at San Clemente and Santa Barbara Islands, at San Nicolas Island (in cooperation with Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute), and at San Miguel Island (in cooperation with HSWRI and NMML) . Additional work was conducted at the Farallon Islands through a contract to the Point Reyes Bird Observatory. At each of the rookeries, pup counts were made in February and March to monitor changes in population levels. Also, animals were tagged to determine movements and estimate various life history parameters. About 1,700 pups were tagged at the four major Southern California rookeries. Researchers collected stomach contents of elephant seals on San Miguel Island for a food habits study. Guadalupe Fur Seal. In January 1985, NMFS proposed to list the Guadalupe fur seal as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. NMFS will evaluate the comments received regarding this proposal and plans to make a final listing determination in 1985. 42 Hawaiian Monk Seal, The Southwest Region is implementing a Recovery Plan for the monk seal that was prepared under a requirement of the Endangered Species Act. NMFS has proposed to designate as critical habitat all beach areas, lagoon waters, and ocean waters out to a depth of 10 fathoms around Kure Atoll, Midway Islands (except Sand Island), Pearl and Hermes Reef, Lisianski Island, Laysan Island, French Frigate Shoals, Gardner Pinnacles, Necker Island, and Nihoa Island. A final decision will be made in 1985. The Region's Western Pacific Program Office consulted with other Federal agencies to ensure that Federal projects and associated activities would not jeopardize the continued existence of Hawaiian monk seals. Research on the Hawaiian monk seal is carried out by the Honolulu Laboratory of the Southwest Fisheries Center. In 1984, pups were tagged at all northwestern Hawaiian Island locations as part of a continuing study of age-specific survivorship, age at first reproduction, and inter-atoll movement. First-year survivorship was 88 percent at Lisianski Island and about 90 percent at Laysan Island. At Kure Atoll, six pups (including two females) were born. The two female pups were maintained throughout the summer in a protective enclosure in the "headstart" program which was initiated in 1981. Resightings of these females and other females previously maintained confirmed that 9 of 10 were alive at the end of the year. The four male pups were tagged and released, and one was found dead in November. In 1984, underdeveloped pups were collected for the first time from French Frigate Shoals for rehabilitation and release at Kure. Underdevelopment may result from an exchange of pups of disparate ages between nursing females. Six of these pups, some as small as one-third of normal weaning weight, were temporarily maintained at the Waikiki Aquarium or the Honolulu Laboratory's Kewalo Research Facility. One has been released, four are currently being screened for parasites and diseases, and one animal died due to a severe heart defect. At Laysan Island, the Center identified males responsible for attacks on adult female and immature seals. In October, nine males were removed from Laysan and taken to Johnston Atoll, about 600 miles south of Laysan. These animals were bleached and tagged so they will be identifiable should they return to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. 43 The number of seals at French Frigate Shoals are no longer increasing; however, the number using Tern Island continues to increase although successful pupping has not occurred there. In January 1984, several emaciated juvenile seals were found dead, suggesting that some young seals may find insufficient food to survive the post-weaning period when they are learning to feed. Midway Island Wildife Management. The Region has agreed with the Navy (which operates a Naval Air Facility at Midway Island) and the Fish and Wildlife Service to cooperate with one another in managing wildlife resources at Midway Island. Species under NMFS jurisdiction include the Hawaiian monk seal and bottlenose and spinner dolphins. Entanglement Workshop. NMFS co-sponsored a workshop held in Honolulu in November 1984 to examine the problem of marine mammals, birds, turtles and fish becoming entangled in lost and discarded fishing gear and other debris. The Workshop on the Fate and Impact of Marine Debris was organized under the leadership of the Director of NMFS1 Honolulu Laboratory. The workshop reviewed the existing conventions, laws and regulations that could provide a legal framework for dealing with the problem. Papers were presented on the source and quantification of marine debris; its impact on marine mammals; and the fate of marine debris in the world's oceans. A fourth session focused on identifying management needs. The participants in the four working groups met to discuss the issues presented in the papers and agreed that a serious problem exists which is affecting marine organisms throughout the world. Also, they concluded that a variety of scientific, technical, legal, and procedural actions can be taken to address the issues. The workshop proceedings, including recommendations made by the working groups, will be published in the spring of 1985. Other sponsors included the Marine Mammal Commission, the Fish and Wildlife Service, the North Pacific Fishery Management Council, the Pacific Fishery Management Council, Pacific Sea Grant College Programs, and the Western Pacific Fishery Management Council. 44 Southeast Region (Management) Southeast Fisheries Center (Research Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin. Bottlenose dolphins are taken from a number of localities along the southeastern coast of the United States for public display and scientific research. To assure that these live-captures and removals do not have a significant adverse effect on local populations or the species as a whole, NMFS limits the number of animals that can be taken from given areas. The Southeast Region regulates the taking of these dolphins under permits. Permit holders must coordinate all takings with the Regional Director. Taking is only authorized from areas where populations have been assessed and when there are sufficient numbers to allow a quota. Permit holders may collect in these areas when authorization has been granted by the Regional Director and only until the following quotas are reached. Mississipi Sound 35 Indian/Banana River Complex (Florida) 6 Texas Coast-Corpus Christi/Matagorda Bay 17 West Coast of Florida (between Crystal River and Charlotte Harbor, including Tampa Bay) 23 Florida Panhandle (between Crystal River west to Mobile Bay, Alabama) 10 The number of bottlenose dolphins removed during any calendar year cannot exceed two percent of the minimum population in a specific location. The Southeast Fisheries Center assesses and monitors the status of local populations or subpopulat ions from which removals are made. The goals of the Center's research on bottlenose dolphins are (1) to provide estimates of the abundance and live-capture quota recommendations for the stock(s); (2) to determine the dynamics and discreteness of along-shore and inshore-offshore populations; and (3) to determine the validity of the 2 percent live-capture quota rule. One of the Center's research programs is designed to 45 determine whether the authorized removal of 35 animals will have any effect on the ratio of marked to unmarked dolphins seen during monthly boat surveys of a designated capture area in Mississippi Sound. If the ratio increases, it will indicate that there is a relatively discrete bottlenose dolphin population in the area, that annual removal of 35 or more animals could result in a serious population decline, and that the authorized level of take should be further limited. Northeast Region (Management) Northeast Fisheries Center (Research) Whale Watching. The Region is concerned about increased commercial and recreational vessel activity in the vicinity of endangered whales. The rapid increase in whale watching activities in New England waters and the accompanying potential for adverse effects to endangered species and their environment is being addressed through management, enforcement, and research efforts. In coordination with whale watch industry representatives, scientists, and environmental organizations, the Region has developed and distributed whale watch guidelines for specific use in New England waters. Also, the Region and Center will publish a brochure that includes NMFS' whale watch guidelines. The brochures will be given to private boaters, whale watchers, and the general public. Selected use of enforcement efforts and investigation of research methods to determine the cumulative effect of these activities on marine mammals will complete the coordinated approach to this problem. Whale Research. The Northeast Region and Center and the Southeast Region and Center are developing a joint marine mammal research plan for large whales based on research and management needs shared between the two regions. These efforts will guide future coordinated research efforts on large whales in the two Regions. In February 19 85, the Marine Mammal Commission (MMC) and the Northeast Region sponsored a workshop to assess and describe research and management needs and priorities for right whales in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Participants identified the steps necessary to fill data gaps and reduce potential threats from human activities and monitor the size, growth, and essential habitats of this population of right whales. The Commission will develop a management/research plan 46 which will be used by NMFS to set priorities and coordinate research needs and efforts for the recovery of the right whale and to guide other Federal agencies in carrying out their responsibilities under the Endangered Species Act. The Center funded several marine mammal studies including the following: Whales Collection of skin samples to determine the sex and population discreteness of humpback whales in the North Atlantic. The continued use of Northeast Fisheries Center ships as a platform of opportunity for observers from the Manomet Bird Observatory to gather and maintain seabird, marine mammal, and sea turtle sightings of all species between Nova Scotia and Cape Fear, North Carolina. Collection and maintenance of a humpback whale fluke photographic catalogue to identify individual animals. A review of 26 years of observation data on marine mammals. This analysis will compare present day large cetacean behavior to vessel (e.g., whale watching, fishing, merchant, etc.) traffic and human activity to past behavioral responses. From these observations, it may be possible to better understand the behavior of whales when they are near vessels and to predict the future effects of human activities on marine mammal populations. Aerial photographs to estimate right whale population size and residency times in the Great South Channel, Gulf of Maine. The Great South Channel is believed to be one of the main migration corridors used by right whales entering the Gulf of Maine in the spring. Studies to define the habitats most used by right and humpback whales in the Cape Cod Bay/Stellwagen Bank region. These areas will be surveyed to determine the biological, chemical, and physical characteristics that make these areas preferred by right and humpback whales. Social interactions, sex ratios, and cow/calf pairs will be documented. 47 An analysis of 500 hours of observations collected from Mount Desert Rock in the Gulf of Maine on respiration rates of undisturbed baleen whales. A documentation of the incidental take of harbor porpoise in New England groundfish gillnets and an evaluation of the economic loss to fishermen and means for reducing conflicts. This study, taking place in the Gulf of Maine, will also include examining incidentally taken animals to determine age, sex, reproductive condition, food habits, and parasite loads. Seals and Sea Lions Continuing study by the University of Maine on marine mammals/fishery interactions in the Gulf of Maine. Researchers will assess the impact of the incidental take of harbor seals in New England groundfish gillnets. Dead animals will be examined to determine their biological characteristics, and means of reducing conflicts will be evaluated. Aerial surveys of the overwintering harbor seal population in Southern New England waters. Researchers at the Manomet Bird Observatory will use these population counts to assess population changes and consumption estimates. 48 Whale watchers view a humpback whale on Stellwagen Bank off Gloucester, Mass. Photo by Mason Weinrich, Cetacean Research Unit, Gloucester Fishermen's Museum. 49 PART IV APPENDIX 50 i 1 $ • < % r- } i a ■ S ~ ~ i o £ i 3 < 0 . ■ u 1 a B « M ~ 0 JC a — < a • • i t> - 0 | s 1 ■o $ J a. 0 $• s i * s i w • i L 0 O c 8 £ i: 5 : S „ 3 " 5 S 3 o- « a a i E a | ^ " 2! * 0 t u , £ | i B 1 M 1 E 8 § * = * ii i i 3 I - 5 fea & • 3 □ X U. < § §« 3 U — • | 5^ 2 < — c c » — a o S S s:s o o o o o o o oJ o o o o M o o o o O IT IT. 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' - » 5 ^ j z I ; ? 5 S ) I 0|^| W| v| 0|*| TABLE 2 COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF MARINE MAMMALS INVOLVED IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH/PUBLIC DISPLAY PERMIT APPLICATIONS CETACEANS COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ATLANTIC BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN ATLANTIC SPOTTED DOLPHIN ATLANTIC WHITE-SIDED DOLPHIN BAIRD'S BEAKED WHALE BLACK RIGHT WHALE, NORTHERN RIGHT BLAINVILLE'S BEAKED WHALE BLUE WHALE BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS BOTTLENOSE WHALES BOWHEAD WHALE BRYDE'S WHALE COMMERSON'S DOLPHIN COMMON DOLPHIN CUVIER'S BEAKED WHALE DALL'S PORPOISE DUSKY DOLPHIN DWARF SPERM WHALE FALSE KILLER WHALE FIN WHALE, FINBACK FINLESS PORPOISE FRANCISCANA FRASER'S (SARAWAK) DOLPHIN GINKGO-TOOTHED BEAKED WHALE GRAY WHALE GRAY'S BEAKED WHALE HARBOR PORPOISE HEAVISIDE'S DOLPHIN HUBPS' BEAKED WHALE HUMPBACK WHALE KILLER WHALE LAGENORHYNCHINE DOLPHINS LONG-FINNED PILOT WHALE MELON-HEADED WHALE, ELECTRA MINKE WHALE NARWHAL NORTHERN BOTTLENOSE WHALE NORTHERN RIGHT WHALE DOLPHIN PACIFIC WHITE-SIDED DOLPHIN PILOT WHALES UNSPECIFIED PYGMY KILLER WHALE PYGMY RIGHT WHALE PYGMY SPERM WHALE RIGHT WHALES UNSPECIFIED RISSO'S DOLPHIN, GRAMPUS ROUGH-TOOTHED DOLPHIN TURSICPS TRUNCAXUS STENELLA PLAGIODON LAGENORHYNCHUS ACUTUS BERARDIUS BAIRDII BALAENA. GLACIALIS MESOPLODON DENSIROSTRIS BALAENOPTERA MUSCULUS TURSIOPS SP. HYPEROODON SP. BALAENA MYSTICETUS BALAENOPTERA EDENI CEPHALORKYNCHUS COMMERSONII DELPHINUS DELPHIS ZIPHIUS CAVIROSTRIS PHOCOENOIDES DALLI LAGENORHYNCHUS OBSCURUS KOGIA SIMUS PSEUDORCA CRASSIDENS BALAENOPTERA PHYSALUS NEOPHOCAENA PHOCAENOIDES PONTOPORIA BLAINVILLEI LAGENODELPEIS HOSEI MESOPLODON GINKGODENS ESCHRICHTIUS ROBUSTUS MESOPLODON GRAYI PHOCOENA PHOCOENA CEPHALORKYNCHUS HEAVISIDII MESOPLODON CARLHUBBSI MEGAPTERA NOVAEANGLIAE ORCINUS ORCA LAGENORHYNCHUS SP. GLOBICEPHALA MELAENA PEPONOCEPHALA ELECTRA BALAENOPTERA ACUTOROSTRATA MONODON MONOCEROS HYPEROODON AMPULLATUS LISSODELPHIS BOREALIS LAGENORHYNCHUS OBLIQUIDENS GLOBICEPHALA SP. FERESA ATTENUATA CAPEREA MARGINATA KOGIA BREVICEPS BALAENA SP. GRAMPUS GRISEUS STENO BREDANENSIS COMMON NAME TABLE 2 Continued CETACEANS SCIENTIFIC NAME SEI WHALE SHEPHERD'S SHORT -FINNE SOUTHERN RI SPERM WHALE SPINNER DOL SPOTTED DOL SPOTTED DOL STENELLINE STRAP-TOOTH STRIPED DOL TRUE'S BJ1AK UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED VAQUITA, CO WHITE WHALE WHITE-BEAKE BEAKED WHALE D PILOT WHALE GHT WHALE PHIN PHIN PHIN DOLPHINS ED WHALE PHIN, STREAKER ED WHALE CETACEANS TOOTHED WHALES CHITO , BELUKHA D DOLPHIN BALAENOPTERA BOREALIS TASMACETUS SHEPHERDI GLOBICEPHALA MACRORHYNC HUS BALAENA AUSTRALIS PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS STENELLA LONGIROSTRIS STENELLA ATTENUATA STENELLA FRONTALIS STENELLA SP. MESOPLODON LAYARDII STENELLA COERULEOALBA MESOPLODON MIRUS CETACEA ODONTOCETI PHOCOENA SINUS DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS LAGENORHYNCHUS ALBIROSTRIS PINNIPEDS /SIREN IAN S AMSTERDAM ISLAND FUR SEAL ARCTOCEPHALINE FUR SEALS ATLANTIC HARBOR SEAL BAIKAL SEAL BEARDED SEAL CALIFORNIA SEA LION CASPIAN SEAL CRABEATER SEAL DUGONG GRAY SEAL HARBOR SEALS HARP SEAL, GREENLAND SEAL HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL HOODED SEAL, BLADDERNOSE SEAL KERGUELEN FUR SEAL LARGHA SEAL, SPOTTED SEAL LEOPARD SEAL NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL NORTHERN FUR SEAL NORTHERN SEA LION, STELLER SEA LION PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL RIBBON SEAL RINGED SEAL KOSS SEAL SOUTH AFRICAN FUR SEAL SOUTH AMERICAN SEA LION SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL UNSPECIFIED MARINE MAMMALS UNSPECIFIED PINNIPEDS WALRUS WEDDELL SEAL WEST INDIAN MANATEE WESTERN ATLANTIC HARBOR SEAL ARCTOCEPHALUS TROPICALIS ARCTOCEPHALUS SP. PHOCA VITULINA VITULINA PHOCA SIBIRICA ERIGNATHUS BARBATUS ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS PHOCA CASPICA LOBODON CARCINOPHAGUS DUGONG DUGON HALICHOERUS GRYPUS PHOCA VITULINA PHOCA GROENLANDICA MONACHUS SCHAUINSLANDI CYSTOPHORA CRISTATA ARCTOCEPHALUS GAZELLA PHOCA LARGHA HYDRURGA LEPTONYX MIROUNGA ANGUSTIROSTRIS CALLORHINUS URSINUS EUMETOPIAS JUBATUS PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDI PHOCA FASCIATA PHOCA HISPIDA OMMATOPHOCA ROSSII ARCTOCEPHALUS PUSILLUS OTARIA FLAVESCENS MIROUNGA LEONINA UNSPECIFIED MARINE MAMMALS PINNIPEDIA ODOBENUS ROSMARUS LEPTONYCHOTES WEDDELLI TRICHECHUS MANATUS PHOCA VITULINA CONCOLOR oo ON CO Z o l-l H ■< o M P Ph to - 1 -e M •< 1 o •J ►J 1 U m Oh 1 CO p CO 1 X Pli M 1 P 1 Pu O CO O SB 1 < M CJ 1 Ph pi 1 M < 1 H W 1 Z CO 1 h W 1 M Pi I u 1 N H 9i H m 1<1 N NO -tf f- •* ■* O r- oo on cm NO r-. 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