The <^w \ W tv'W Maryland Naturalist The Natural History Society of Maryland Volume 43, Number 1-2 January/June 1999 ISSN 0096-4158 The Maryland Naturalist Volume 43, Number 1-2 January/June 1999 Contents An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Oregon Ridge Park, Baltimore County, Maryland . . . . . Donnell E. Redman 1 Arnold W. Norden and Donnell E. Redman, Editors Mailing Date: May Cover Illustration: Oregon Ridge has also been known as Chestnut Ridge, based on the former abundance of the American Chestnut [Castcmea dentata Marsh. (Borkh.)] in the forests of the ridge The Chestnut illustration on the cover {leaves, flowers, fruit, nut) is modified and reprinted by permission from The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (volumn 2), copywrite 1952, the New York Botanical Garden. The Maryland Naturalist 42( 1 -2): 1 -3 1 January /June 1999 An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Oregon Ridge Park, Balimore County, Maryland Donnell E. Redman ABSTRACT.- A vascular plant botanical survey of Oregon Ridge Park was conducted from 1996- 1999. A total of 579 species were found to occur in the 1037+ acre park. Of these, 18 are listedby the Department of Natural Resources as Endangered, Threatened, Highly State rare, or State rare species. Two species were found which are under consideration for Federal listing, but one of these is not native to Maryland. Many of these species are remnants of earlier plantings by a conservationist. Oregon Ridge Park is located at Shawan and Beaver Dam Roads west of Hunt Valley in central Baltimore County, Maryland. It is owned by Baltimore County and administered by the county’s Department of Parks and Recreation. The park is open to the public except during special events when a charge is usually imposed. Facilities at the park include an administration building with offices (herein and on the map referred to as “the Lodge”); a large auditorium; an amphitheater for summer concerts; a ski slope for sledding, skiing and hang-gliding; a nature center; a lake for swimming; Ivy Hill pond and wildflower area (remnant of a native wildflower nursery formerly owned by the late Mr, H, Lee Hoffman, a nationally known conservationist); a community vegetable garden area; a leased restaurant; and several hard-surface parking areas. A map of Oregon Ridge Park follows on page 2. During the 1800’s, Oregon Ridge was an iron mining community occupied by a blast furnace and three iron ore mines. These remnant mines occur on the facies between the schist of the uplands and the marble of the Valley Floor. Most of the 1037± acre park is forested, with field areas near the nature center and in two gas line rights-of- way, and large turf areas present along the northeast perimeters of the park. Geologically, the park is underlain by the Loch Raven Schist Formation, except for a narrow band of Cockeysville Marble along Shawan Road. Soils are classified as Made land, Elioak gravelly silt loam, Manor, Manor channery loam, Glenville silt loam, Codorus silt loam, Glenelg loam, and Hagerstown silt loam. These soils are acidic in pH reaction, except for the Hagerstown soil, which is alkaline in pH reaction. Much of the natural vegetation of the park are plants of acidic soils, with plants on the alkaline soils being predominantly exotic turf grasses and horticultural cultivars. A total of 579 taxa were found to occur in the park, of which 5 are fern allies, 25 are ferns, 19 are gymnosperms, 382 are herbs, 16 are woody vines, 65 are shrubs and 67 are deciduous trees. An asterisk before a plant name represents a species listed by the Maryland Natural Heritage Program (MNHP) of the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) as Endangered, Threatened, Tracked or Untracked Watchlist, Highly State Rare, or State Rare (1994). A total of 18 plants were found at Oregon Ridge Park which are heritage elements, but 7 of these are horticultural remnants. Two species are currently under consideration for federal listing, but one of these is not native to Maryland. Each species’ status is in quotes and follows the annotation. A separate list of heritage species occurs at the end of this paper. The survey was conducted from 1996-1999. No vouchers were collected during this study because of concerns regarding damage to park vegetation. Although no formal survey of large trees was conducted, some observations were made. The tallest trees were observed along the edges of the gas line rights-of-way, where many Yellow Poplars and Oaks (Quercus sp.) approach 90-feet in height. The largest trees in diameter are Yellow Poplars (Liriodendron tulipifera) with a dozen or so trees with diameters of 40 to 43 inches. Some of these large Yellow Poplars may be seen on the hillside successional woods south of Oregon Lake. 1 Figure 1. Oregon Ridge Park (adapted from Oregon Ridge Park map 1991, by permission of Baltimore County Dept. Of Recreation and Parks). 2 ANNOTATED FLORAL CHECKLIST FERNS and FERN ALLIES Adiantum pedatum L. Northern Maidenhair. Rare in rocky terrace forests, mostly near Ivy Hill. Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes. Ebony Spleenwort. Very rare, in wall of old foundation in woods east of the Nature Center parking lot, and in rocky woods near the Loggers Red Trail. Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum (Willd.) Moore. Northern Lady Fern. Occasional in swamps, on shaded stream banks and in moist forests. Athyrium thelvpteroides (Michx.) Desv. Silvery Glade Fern. Frequent in low forests on sandy or sandy-loam soils along streams. Botrychium dissectum Spreng. Lace-leaved Grape Fern. Rare in low forests near streams. Botrvchium dissectum forma obliquum (Muhl.) Clute. Cut-leaved Grape Fern. Infrequent in low forests near streams and very rare in upland terrace forests. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake Fern. Rare in low forests near streams. Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx) Moore. Hayscented Fern. Frequent in mesic terrace forests and on shaded stream banks. Drvopteris carthusiana (Villars) HP. Fuchs. Spinulose Woodfem. Infrequent in moist to wet forests, mostly on stream banks and on slopes of the old iron quarry east of Oregon Lake. *Dryopteris celsa (W. Palmer) Small. Log Fern. Very rare, a few specimens in swampy flood plain of Oregon Ridge Branch south of gas line #2 right-of-way. This is a Maryland ‘Tracked Watchlist/Threatened (S3. 1/T)’ species. Drvopteris cristata (L.) Gray. Crested Wood Fern. Very rare in flood plain forest near the headwaters of Baisman Run north of gas line #1 right-of-way and in seep along the St. James Campbell Trail. Drvopteris intermedia (Muhl.) A. Gray. Evergreen Woodfem. Rare in successional forests, in crevices of forest outcrops and locally common on slopes of iron quarry east of Oregon Lake. Drvopteris marginalis (L.) Gray. Marginal Woodfem. Very rare on schistose outcrops in forest near the headwaters of Baisman Run and near Ivy Hill Pond, and two specimens on slope of old iron quarry east of the nature center. Drvopteris x triploidea Wherry. Triploid Wood Fern (D. carthusiana x intermedia). Very rare on forested slopes of old iron quarry east of Oregon Lake and in forested flood plain of Oregon Branch. Equisetum arvense L. Field Horsetail. Very rare in open moist sandy soils near Oregon Branch and Oregon Lake. Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) Travisan. Shining Clubmoss. Occasional in low wet forests near streams, and very rare in humus of upland forests. Lycopodium digitatum A. Br. Fan Clubmoss. Frequent in upland deciduous forests. Lycopodium obscurum L. Flat -branch Ground Pine. Infrequent in moist to mesic deciduous forests. Onoclea sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern. Occasional along streambanks, in low woods, and thickets. 3 Osmunda cinnamomea L. Cinnamon Fern. Frequent in wet forests near streams. Ivy Hill Pond and Oregon Lake, and very rare in marsh in central part of gas line #2 right-of-way. Osmunda claytoniana L, Interrupted Fern. Occasional on shaded streambanks. Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray. Royal Fern. Rare in swamps along Baisman Run. Polypodium virginianum L. Common Polypody . Rare, as an epipetric (grows on rocks), seven colonies on schist outcrops in forests near the headwaters of Baisman Run, at Ivy Hill Pond, and along the Loggers’ Trail. Polvstichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. Christmas Fern. Common in mesic and damp forests, particularly on slopes. Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. Eastern Bracken. Locally frequent in field in the central part of gas line #2 right-of-way. Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring. Meadow Spikemoss. Infrequent in low damp forests. Thelypteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Weatherby. Broad Beech Fern. Frequent in terrace forests, usually on slopes. Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl. New York Fern. Frequent in mesic forests. Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens (Laws) Fern. Northern Marsh Fern. Very rare in marsh in central part of gas line #2 right-of-way. Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. Blunt-lobed Woodsia. Very rare, one specimen in crevice of concrete dam of Ivy Hill Pond. GYMNOSPERMS * Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Balsam Fir. Very rare in forest off Eagle Hill Trail near Ivy Hill Road. This is a Maryland ‘Highly State Rare (SI)’ species, but this is a planted specimen. Juniperus chinensis L. Chinese Juniper. Very rare, a few specimens in landscaping near the lodge. Juniperis chinensis var. pfitzeriana (L.) Mast. Pfitzer Juniper. Rare, twelve specimens in landscaping near the Lodge and the Bathhouse. Juniperus virginiana L. Red Cedar. Rare in fields, in open woods and a dozen specimens planted at the Nature Center Pond. Picea abies (L.) Karst. Norway Spruce. Very rare, a few specimens in landscaping near the Oregon Grill and near the Lodge. Picea abies var. ni tub for mis (Karst.) Bailey. Bird’s-nest Spruce. Very rare, several specimens in landscaping near the Bathhouse. Picea pungens Englem. Blue Spruce. Very rare, three specimens in landscaping near the Lodge and one specimen in forest west of Ivy Hill Pond. Pinus nigra Arnold. Austrian Pine. Very rare, eight specimens planted along fence 500-feet west of Cuba Road and 725-feet north of Shawan Road, one specimen at the practice golf course and one declining specimen 400-feet north- northwest of the tennis court. 4 Pinus resinosa Ait. Red Pine. One thirty-foot specimen on north-facing forest edge bordering gas line #2 right-of-way at the Ivy Hill Yellow Trail. Pinus strobus L. White Pine. Infrequent in forests, in landscaping near buildings and a few specimens planted at the Nature Center Pond. Pinus strobus L. cultv. ‘Pendula’. Weeping White Pine. Very rare, one specimen at the practice golf area southeast of the Stage. Pinus sylvestris L. Scotch Pine. Very rare, two specimens near the Lodge. Pinus taeda L. Loblolly Pine. Very rare, four specimens planted along the fence 500-feet west of Cuba Road and 720- feet north of Shawan Road. Pinus thunbergii Franco. Black Pine. Rare, several dozen specimens planted on road bank on the south side of Shawan Road west of the Oregon Grill and one specimen at the practice golf area southeast of the Stage. Pinus virginiana Mill. Virginia Pine. Locally common along the Virginia Pine Trail and planted at the Nature Center Pond; otherwise occasional in mixed forests and in unmowed fields. A significant number of specimens are in decline. Taxus baccata L. English Yew. Very rare in landscaping near the Lodge and the Dinner Theater, and several specimens in the forest near the Eagle Trail. * Thuja occidentalism. Arbor-vitae. Very rare in landscaping near the Lodge and the Stage. This is a Maryland ‘Highly State Rare/Threatened (Sl/T)' species, but these are planted specimens. Thuja occidentalis L. cult. Rheingold. Rheingold Arbor-vitae. Very' rare, six specimens near the Lodge and the Stage. Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock. Rare in forests near Ivy Hill Pond, the Eagle Trail on Ivy Hill and near the west end of Shawan Road at the park boundary . ANGIOSPERMS Herbs Abutilon theophrasti Medic. Velvet Leaf. Very rare, a few specimens on disturbed soils of gas line #2 right-of-way and on edge of field near the Nature Center. Acalypha gracilis Gray. Slender Three-seeded Mercury. Rare in disturbed soils including gas line rights-of-way. Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. Common Three-seeded Mercury'. Infrequent on open disturbed soils, in fields, and on forest edges. Achillea millifolium L. Yarrow. Occasional in fields. Acorus calamus L. Sweet Flag. Very rare, one colony planted at the Nature Center Pond. Agalinus tenuifolia (Muhl.) Raf. Slender Gerardia. Rare in central part of gas line #2 right-of-way. Agrimonia parviflora Ait. Many-flowered Agrimony. Frequent in low woods, and thickets and infrequent in fields. Agropvron repens (L.) Beauv. Quackgrass. Occasional in fields and turfs. Agrostis alba L. Redtop. Common in fields and turfs. 5 Ajuga reptans L. Creeping Bugleweed. Very rare, a few specimens in the low forest along the S. James Campbell trail approximately 2000-feet east of Ivy Hill Pond. Alisma subcordatum Raf. Water-plantain. Infrequent in marshes and on bank of the Nature Center Pond. A Hi aria officinalis Andre. Garlic Mustard. Frequent in low woods and sandy flood plain forest near the Nature Center Road rare elsewhere. Allium vineale L. Field Garlic. Frequent in fields and moist forests. Amaranthus retroflexus L. Pigweed. Locally abundant in summer in community vegetable garden. Ambrosia artemisii folia L. Common Ragweed. Abundant in fields. Ambrosia trifida L. Giant Ragweed. Common in fields and thickets. Amphicarpa bracteata (L.) Fern. Hog Peanut. Common in low woods along Oregon Branch and occasional in low forests elsewhere. Anagallis ar\>ensis L. Scarlet Pimpernel. Infrequent in fields, turfs, and on open soils. Andropogon virginicus L. Broom-sedge. Frequent in fields. Anemone quinquefolia L. Wood Anemone. Very rare in forest at Ivy Hill, remnants of wildflower planting. Anemone virginiana L. Tall Anemone. Occasional in rocky forests. Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach. Rue Anemone. Occasional in rocky forests where there is little or no leaf cover. Antennaria neglecta Green. Field Pussy-toes. Very rare, circa a dozen colonies in turf on the ski slope. Antennaria plantagini folia (L.) Richards. Plantain-leaved Pussytoes. Very rare, circa a half dozen colonies on the ski slope and one colony 400-feet west of the Lodge. Apocvnum cannibinum L. Indian Hemp. Infrequent in fields. Aquilegia canadensis L. Wild Columbine. Very rare, several specimens in rocky forest at Ivy Hill. Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsparilla. Infrequent in rocky terrace forests at the south end of the Ridge Tan Trail and at several areas along the S. James Trail. Arctium minus (Hill.) Bemh. Common Burdock. Rare on disturbed soils of forest edges, in forest thickets, and at the Nature Center Pond. Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott. Jack-in-the-pulpit. Frequent in moist forests. Artemisia vulgaris L. Common Mugwort. Occasional in fields, on open soils and in the community vegetable garden. Arthraxon hispidus var. cryptotherus (Hack.) Houda. Arthraxon. Very rare in turf near the Nature Center. Arundo donax L. Giant Reed. Veiy rare, one specimen in field circa 300-feet north of the Nature Center. Asarum canadense L. Wild Ginger. Very rare, along the Eagle Trail at Baisman Run. Probably remnants of wildflower planting. 6 Asclepias incarnata L. Swamp Milkweed. Infrequent in marshes. Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. Four-leaved Milkweed. Rare on forested banks. Asclepias syriacus L. Common Milkweed. Occasional in fields. Aster divaricatus L. White Wood Aster. Occasional in forests, except where there is a heavy leaf cover. Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt. Calico Aster. Occasional in fields. Aster novae-angliae L. New England Aster. Very rare in fields near the Nature Center Pond. Aster pilosus Willd. White Heath Aster. Frequent in fields. Aster puniceus L. Purple-stemmed Aster. Occasional in marshes and moist meadows. Aster schreberi Nees. Schreber’s Aster. Very rare, one colony in low forest near Ivy Hill Pond. Aster umbellatus L. Wavy-leaved Aster. Very rare on wood edge east of the Nature Center. Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. Wild Indigo. Occasional in open places in fields of gas line rights-of-way Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. Yellow Rocket. Occasional on low open soils and in grassy fields and locally common at the Nature Center Pond. Bidens frondosa L. Devil’s Beggar’s-ticks. Occasional in marshes and on damp disturbed soils. Bidens polylepis Blake. Awnless Tickseed-sunflower. Locally abundant in eastern end of gas line #2 right-of-way. Bidens tripartita L. Beggar’s-ticks. Rare in marshes and in old iron pit east of Oregon Lake. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. False Nettle. Occasional in low moist forests and on stream banks, and rare in terrace forests. Brachyletrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv. Brachyletrum. Occasional in low forests along the eastern half of Baisman Run. Calvstegium sepium (L.) R. Br. Hedge Bindweed. Common in fields, in sunny thickets, and on wood edges. Cardamine bulbosa Muhl. Pennsylvania Bittercress. Infrequent in springs and along shaded bank of Baisman Run. Cardamine hirsuta L. Hairy Bitter-cress. Occasional in turfs, in fields and open alluvial woods. Carduus nutans L. Nodding Thistle. Very rare in field of gas line #1 right-of-way. Carex crinita Lam. Fringed Sedge. Rare in marshes. Carex Jrankii Kunth. Frank’s Sedge. Rare on marsh edges. Carex glaucoidea Tuckerm. Glaucous Sedge. Infrequent in forests. Carex lurida Wahl. Lurid Sedge. Frequent in marshes. Carex pensylvanica Lam. Pennsylvania Sedge. Infrequent in dry rocky forests. 7 Car ex platyphylla Carey. Broad-leaved Sedge. Occasional in forests. Carex scoparia Schkuhr. ex Willd. Pointed Broom Sedge. Occasional in marshes. Carex stipata Muhl. Sawbeak Sedge. Occasional in marshes and damp thickets. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Fox Sedge. Occasional in marshes and very rare in ditches. Cassia nictatans L. Wild Sensitive Plant. Occasional in fields. Centaurea vochinensis Bemh. Short -fringed Knapweed. Very rare, one specimen on open soils on southeast side of the Stage. Cerastium vulgatum L. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed. Occasional in fields and turfs. Chelidonium majus L. Greater Celandine. Very rare, near old foundation in woods near the Nature Center parking lot. and in grassy areas and open forest near the Bathhouse. Chelone glabra L. White-turtlehead. Rare in marshes and along Baisman Run in the southern half of the park. Chenopodium album L. Lamb’s-quarters. Locally abundant in summer in the community garden and rare on open soils near the Nature Center Pond. Chrysanthemum L. hybrid. Chrysanthemum. Very rare, one specimen in landscaping (Susan Luery memorial garden) on the south side of the Lodge. Chrysoplenum americanum Schwein. Water-mat. Locally infrequent in swamps, and in Baisman Run in woodland glade. Cichorium intvbus L. Chicory. Common in fields and rough turfs in the northeastern part of the park. Cicuta maculata L. Water Hemlock. Rare in marshes. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. Black Cohosh. Infrequent in dry forests. Cinna arundinacea L. Stout Woodreed. Occasional in moist sandy soils of floodplain forests. Circaea quadrisulcata var. canadensis (L.) Hara. Enchanter’s Nightshade. Frequent in forests, particularly in flood plains. Cirsium an>ense (L.) Scop. Canada Thistle. Frequent in fields, rough turfs and landscape gardens. Circium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. Field Thistle. Infrequent in fields and in turf in low swale along Beaver Dam Road. Claytonia virginica L. Virginia Spring Beauty. Infrequent in floodplains of Baisman Run and Oregon Branch. Collinsonia canadensis L. Richweed. Frequent in forests. Commelina communis L. Asiatic Dayflower. Occasional in low moist forests, fields and along wood edges. Convolvulus arvensis L. Field Bindweed. Rare in fields near the Nature Center. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Horseweed. Occasional in fields and turfs. 8 Coronilla varia L. Cro\vn Vetch. Rare in fields and on open soils near roads and buildings. Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Honewort. Frequent in low forests and fields, particularly in the northeast quadrant of the park. Cunila originoides (L.) Britt. Dittany. Infrequent along wood-field interfaces. Cuscuta gronovii Willd. Dodder. Rare in low meadow and field as a parasite on Soli dago rugosa as the host species. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Bermuda Grass. Locally infrequent on turf of the ski slope and on north shore of Oregon Lake. Cyperus esculentus L. Yellow Nutsedge. Rare in landscape beds. Cyperus flavescens L. Yellow Galingale. Infrequent on shoreline of Oregon Lake. Cyperus strigosus L. Straw-colored Sedge. Frequent in sunny damp or wet areas. Cypripedium acaule Ait. Pink Lady’s Slipper. Rare along wood edges. Cypripedium calceolus L- Yellow Ladyslipper. Very rare, one colony in forest near Ivy Hill Road in the southeast comer of the park. Dactylis glomerata L. Orchard Grass. Common in fields. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. Poverty Grass. Frequent in open woods, half-shaded dry turfs on the ski slope, and in dry fields. Daucus carota L. Queen Anne’s Lace. Common in fields. Dentaria laciniata Muhl. Cut-leaved Toothwort. Occasional in flood plain forests and on banks of forested seeps. Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. Hoary Tick-trefoil. Infrequent on forest edges. *Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl.) Wood. Pointed-leaved Tick Trefoil. Frequent in dry forests. This is a Maryland ‘Untracked Watchlist (S3)’ species. Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. Naked-flowered Tick -trefoil. Common in dry forests. Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. Panicled Tick-trefoil. Occasional in dry forests, fields, and thickets. Dianthus armeria L. Deptford Pink. Infrequent in fields and along wood edges. Dichanthelium acuminatum var. implicatum (Scrib.) Gould & Clark. Slender-stemmed Panic Grass. Common in Gas line rights-of-way and occasional in fields elsewhere. Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & Clark. Bose’s Panic Grass. Occasional in dry forests. Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould. Deer-tongue Grass. Frequent in open woodlands, fields and damp thickets. Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould. Starved Panic Grass. Occasional in dry woodlands. Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould. Bushy Panic Grass. Occasional in damp open soils. 9 * Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnarianum (Nash) Gould. Scribner’s Panic Grass. Rare in sandy field of gas line #2 right-of-way. This is a Maryland ‘Highly State Rare/Endangered (Sl/E)’ species. Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould. Velvety Panic Grass. Occasional on marsh borders and damp thickets. Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon var. isophyllum (Scrib.) Clark. Round-fruited Panic Grass. Infrequent in fields of gas line rights-of-way. Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koel. Finger Grass. Common on open compacted soils in turfs and bordering road banks. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Hairy Crabgrass. Common in turfs and on open soils, particularly on compacted or disturbed soils. Diodea teres Walt. Buttonwood. Rare on open sandy soils at Oregon Lake, the Nature Center Pond and in field of gas line #2 right-of-way. Dioscorea villosa L. Wild Yam. Occasional in forests. Duchesnea indica (Andrz.) Focke. Indian Strawberry. Frequent in half-shaded turfs, occasional on open soils and in low open forests in the northeast quadrant of the park. Echinacea purpurea L. Purple Coneflower. Very rare in plantings north of the Nature Center. Echinoch/oa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Barnyard Grass. Very rare on moist disturbed open soils, mostly in the northeastern quadrant of the park. Echium vulgare L. Viper’s Bugloss. Very rare in fields on Cockeysville Marble derived soils. Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes. Blunt Spikerush. Infrequent in or near sunny shallow wetlands. Eleucine indica (L.) Gaertn. Goose Grass. Infrequent on compacted open soils near roads and buildings. Epifagus virginiana (L.) Bart. Beech-drops. Frequent as a parasite on the roots of Fagus grandi folia. Epilobium coloratum Biel. Purple-leaved Willow-herb. Infrequent along sunny streambanks near the Nature Center road and the Oregon Grill. Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees. Lace Grass. Occasional in fields. Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh.) Steud. Purple Lovegrass. Occasional in fields and sparse turfs. Erectites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. Fireweed. Infrequent in fields around the Nature Center Pond, along the Nature Center Road and in the fields of gas line rights-of-way. Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Daisy Fleabane. Common in fields and in road edge thickets. Erigeron pulchellus Michx. Robin’s-plantain. Very rare in open forest of the Ivy Hill area. Ervthronium americanum Ker. Trout Lily. Locally abundant in flood plain of the eastern half of Baisman Run. Euonvmus alatus var. compactus (Sieb.) Bailey. Winged Euonvmus. Rare, four specimens in landscaping near the Lodge, and six specimens on wood edge west of the Eagle Trail near Ivy Hill Road. Euonvmus japonicus L. Japanese Euonvmus. Very rare in landscaping at the Oregon Grill. 10 Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (Barr, ex Hook.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Hollow Joe-pye-weed. Occasional in thickets and low fields. Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (Barr, ex Hook.) R.M. King & H. Rob. cultv. Gateway. Hollow Joe-pye-weed. Very rare in landscaping at rock wall on west side of road between Oregon Grill and the Nature Center. Eupatoriadelphus purpureus (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Green-stemmed Joe-pye-weed. Infrequent in moist forests. Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Boneset. Infrequent in or near marshes. Eupatorium album L. White Thoroughwort. Occasional in field of gas line #2 right-of-way. Eupatorium rotundifiolium L. Round-leaved Throughwort. Very rare, one specimen in field near the Nature Center Pond. Eupatorium serotinum Mich. Late-flowering Throughwort. Frequent in field of gas line #2 right-of-way and infrequent in field surrounding the Nature Center Pond. Euphorbia maculata L. Eyebane. Infrequent on open soils and in fields. Euphorbia supina Raf. Milk Purslane. Frequent on open soils, in sparse turfs, and in crevices in roads. Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. Flat-top Goldenrod. Occasional in field near the Nature Center Pond, and in fields of gas line#l & #2 rights-of-way. Festuca elatior L. Meadow Fescue. Abundant in fields and turfs. Festuca elatior L. var. arundinacea (Schreb.) Wimm. Tall Fescue. Abundant in fields and turfs. Festuca rubra L. Creeping Fescue. Frequent in moist shaded turfs near the Nature Center and in flood plain woods behind abandoned dwelling several hundred feet north of Oregon Lake. Fragaria virginiana Duchesne. Wild Strawberry. Frequent in fields. Galanthus nivalis L. Common Snowdrops. Very rare in forest along Eagle Trail near Ivy Hill Road. Galax aphylla L. Beetleweed. Very rare, two small colonies in upland woods at Ivy Hill. This is a remnant of a wildflower nursery. Native to the Appalachian Mountains from Virginia to Georgia. Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. Showy Orchis. Rare in moist forest along eastern half of Baisman Run. Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake. Galinsoga. Common in the community garden as a summer annual. Galium aparine L. Cleavers. Common in open woods and in thickets. Galium circaezans Michx. Wild Licorice. Rare in forests. Galium tinctorium L. Clayton’s Bedstraw. Occasional on shaded streambanks and in upland forests. Galium triflorum Michx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw. Frequent in low forests. Geranium maculatum L. Wild geranium. Occasional in rocky forests and very rare in field. Geum canadense Jacq. White Avens. Common in mesic and damp forests. 11 Geum virginianum L. Rough Avens. Occasional in low moist forests. Glechoma hederacea L. Ground-ivy. Frequent in damp turfs, and in low forests in the northeastern quadrant of the park. Glvcerio striata (Lam.) Hitchc. Nerved Manna Grass. Frequent in marshes and on stream banks. Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. Cudweed. Rare in field of gas line #2 right-of-way. Goodvera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. Rattlesnake Plantain. Occasional in forests. Hackelia virginiana (L.) Johnston. Infrequent in moist forests near Oregon Branch and Baisman Run. Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. American Pennyroyal. Very rare along the Yellow Trail. Helianthus tuberosus L. Jerusalem Artichoke. Very rare, one colony in field west of the Nature Center Pond. Hemerocallis L. Hybrid Davlily. Very rare, several specimens in landscaping (Susan Luery memorial garden) on south side of the Lodge. Hemerocallis fulva L. Tawny Daylily. Locally common along Oregon Branch, and infrequent on edge of marsh in gas line #1 right-of-way and along the Yellow Trail west of Ivy Hill Pond. Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker. Hepatica. Very rare, a few specimens on forested slopes along the Ivy Hill Yellow Trail, northwest of the Ski Slope and along Baisman Run east of Ivy Hill Pond. *Hexastvlis virginica (L.) Small. Virginia Ginger. Very rare in forest along Eagle Trail at Ivy Hill and at Ivy Hill Pond Dam. This is a Maryland ‘Highly State Rare/Endangered (Sl/E)' species, but these are remnants of wildflower plantings. Hieracium caespitosum Dumort. Field Hawkweed. Very rare, several specimens east of Oregon Lake and several in field of gas line #2 right-of-way. Hieracium paniculatum L. Panicled Hawkweed. Rare in woods southwest of the Ski Slope, on the south side of Oregon Lake, west of the Nature Center and on the north side of gas line #1 right-of-way between the Blue and Red Trails . Host a ventricosa (Salis.) Steam. Plantain Lily. Very rare, a few specimens in low forest along Baisman Run near Ivy Hill. Houstonia caerulea L. Bluets. Very rare in rocky forest near Ivy Hill.. Hypericum perforatum L. Common St. John’s-wort. Very rare in field near the Nature Center Pond. Hvpochaeris radicata L. Cat’s-ear. Very rare in turfs. Impatiens capensis Meerb. Spotted Touch-me-not. Frequent along Oregon Branch, Baisman Run and in moist areas of gas line rights-of-way, in full sun or light shade. Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. Ivy-leaved Morning-glory. Rare in fields in the northeast quadrant if the park. *Iris cristata Ait. Crested Iris. Very rare, one small colony in upland forest at Ivy Hill. This is a Maryland ‘Highly State rare/Endangered (Sl/E)’ species, but these are remnants of wildflower plantings. 12 Iris pseudacorus L. Yellow Iris. Very rare, three colonies in shallow water and marsh of Ivy Hill Pond. Isotria verticil lata (Willd.) Raf. Whorled Pagonia. Very rare, several small colonies in terrace forest bordering the Logger’s Red Trail. J uncus acuminatus Michx. Taper-tip Rush. Very rare in marshes. Juncus effusus L. Soft Rush. Infrequent on sunny streambanks. Juncus tenuis Willd. Path Rush. Occasional in low turfs, and along trails in open woodlands. Lactuca canadensis L. Wild Lettuce. Frequent in fields and on wood borders. Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Platchek. Archangel. Very rare, four specimens in small colony under Lindera benzoin on wood edge north of the Nature Center Pond. Lamium purpureum L. Purple Dead Nettle. Occasional along wood edges and in fields. Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. Wood-nettle. Infrequent in low woods near the Nature Center. Lechea pulchella Raf. Pin weed. Rare in field of gas line #2 right-of-way. Leersia oryzoides (L) Sw. Rice Cut-grass. Infrequent in seeps, marshes and on edge of Oregon Lake. Lemna minor L. Duckweed. Very rare, one small colony in shallow water of old iron pit east of Oregon Lake. Lepidium virginicum L. Poor-man’s Peppergrass. Infrequent on dry open soils, but locally abundant in landscape garden next to rock wall south of the Oregon Grill west of the Nature Center Road. Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. Shrub Lespedeza. Locally abundant in field in central part of gas line #2 right-of-way. Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don. Sericea Lespedeza. Occasional in fields of gas line #1 & #2 rights-of-way. Lespedeza stipulacea Max. Korean Lespedeza. Very rare in turf at bottom of the ski slope. Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Ox-eye Daisy. Veiy rare in field near the Nature Center Pond. Lilium superbum L. Turk’s-cap Lily. Very rare, a few specimens in marsh of Baisman Run in gas line #2 right-of- way. Lindemia dubia (L.) Pennell. False Pimpemell. Locally infrequent in disturbed open wetlands of old iron mine east of Oregon Lake. Linaria vulgaris Hill. Butter-and-eggs. Very rare, a few plants in turf along Beaver Dam Road. Liriope muscari L.H. Bailey. Lily-turf. Very rare in landscaping at the bathhouse and at the bandshell. F' Lithospermum vulgare L. Com Gromwell. Very rare in weedy area along Oregon Branch just east of the Nature Center Drive. Lobelia cardinalis L. Cardinal Flower. Very rare on forested stream bank of tributary north of Ivy Hill Pond.. Lobelia in/lata L. Indian Tobacco. Frequent in open soils, in fields, and in open woods. 13 Lobelia syphilitica L. Great Blue Lobelia. Infrequent in flood plain woods, on streambanks, and in open thickets in the northeastern quadrant of the park, rare elsewhere in the park. Ludwigia alternifolia L. Seedbox. Occasional in marshes. Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. Water Purslane. Rare on the edge of Oregon Lake. Lychnis alba Mill. White Campion. Very rare near rock wall on the west side of the Nature Center Drive. Lvcopus americanus Muhl. Cut-leaved Water-horehound. Very rare in old iron mine area east of Oregon Lake. Lycopus virginicus L. Virginia Bugleweed. Frequent in or near open wetlands, particularly where the soil has been disturbed. Lvsimachia quadri folia L. Whorled Loosestrife. Very rare, a few specimens in field of gas line right of way #1 and a few' specimens on wooded banks. Maianthemum canadense Desf. Canada Mayflower. Rare in flood plain of Baisman Run near Ivy Hill. Medeola virginiana L. Indian cucumber. Frequent in moist forests. Medicago lupulina L. Black Medic. Frequent in fields and on dry open soils. Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa. Very rare on island in the Nature Center Pond. Melamptyum lineare Desr. Cow-wheat. Very rare in forest southwest of the Nature Center. Aleli lotus alba Desf. White Sweet Clover. Infrequent in fields and thickets. Melilotus officianalis (L.) Lam. Yellow' Sweet Clover. Rare at the Nature Center Pond. Mentha x piperita L. Peppermint. Infrequent on moist sunny soils bordering streams. Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus. Nepal Microstegium. Abundant on shaded trail banks, in low forests, and on gas line #2 right-of-way. This exotic grass is one of the most abundant plants in the park. Mimulus ringens L. Square-stemmed Monkey-flower. Infrequent in marshes. Mi scanthus sinensis Anderss. Maiden Grass. Very rare, several specimens planted at the Oregon Grill, two specimens in landscaping on south side of the Lodge (Susan Luery memorial garden) and one specimen on field edge of gas line #2 right-of-wav. Mitchel/a repens L. Partridge Berry. Frequent in forests, particularly near edges. Mitella diphylla L. Two-leaved Miterwort. Very rare in moist forest near Ivy Hill. These are remnants of a wildflower nursery. Monotropa hvpopithvs L. Pinesap. Infrequent in leaf litter of forests. Monotropa uniflora L. Indian Pipes. Infrequent in leaf litter of terrace forests. Muhlenbergia schreberi Gmel. Nimblewill. Frequent in grassy fields and turfs. Muhienberia tenui flora (Willd.) BSP. Slender-flowered Muhly. Infrequent in forests. 14 Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench. Giant Chickweed. Infrequent in flood plain forest along Oregon Branch. Najas minor All. Bushy Naiad. Locally frequent in shallow waters of Oregon Lake and the Nature Center Pond. Narcissus pseudo-narcissus L. Daffodil. Very rare, in flood plain woods of Oregon Branch west of the Nature Center Road, on north side of nearby abandoned house, along rock wall circa half way up the Nature Center road, and in landscaping in front of the Lodge. Nasturtium officianale R. Br. Watercress. Locally frequent in Oregon Branch, in the unnamed tributary behind the Oregon Grill, and in the unnamed stream along the Nature Center road. Nepeta cataria L. Catnip. Very rare in turf at base of ski slope and in field near Nature Center Pond. Obolaria virginica L. Pennywort. Very rare in most forest near the Yellow Trail. Oenothera biennis L. Common Evening Primrose. Infrequent in fields near the Nature Center and on open banks bordering Oregon Branch. Oenothera fruticosa L. Narrow-leaved Sundrops. Very rare on stream bank on the east side of the Nature Center Drive. Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Star of Bethlehem. Infrequent in the flood plain of Oregon Branch. Orobanche uniflora L. One-flowered Cancer-root. Rare as a parasite on oak and beech tree roots in low moist forest. Orontium aquaticum L. Golden Club. Very rare in shaded tributaries of Baisman Run just south of gas line #1 right- of-way, and north and east of Ivy Hill Pond. Osmorhiza clavtoni (Michx.) C.B. Clark. Sweet Cicily. Very rare in successional woodlands on Cockeysville Marble derived soils. Oxalis stricta L. Upright Wood-sorrell. Frequent in fields and on open soils, and rare in open woodlands and on old walls. Pachvsandra terminalis Sieb. & Zucc. Pachysandra. Very rare, one (18-feet x 24-feet) colony planted in forest on east side of Ivy Hill Pond and planted at the entrance to the Bathhouse. Panax tri folium L. Dwarf Ginseng. Infrequent in low forests along Baisman Run. Panicum agrostoides L. Redtop Panic Grass. Infrequent in fields. Panicum anceps Michx. Flat-stemmed Panic Grass. Occasional in sparse turfs, disturbed open soils, and in grassy fields, particularly on moist sandy soils. Panicum virgatum L. Switchgrass. Very rare, twelve specimens in landscaping on Beaver Dam Road opposite the Oregon Grill. Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood Forked Chickweed. Very rare, several specimens at one station along the Ivy Hill yellow trail at the base of a large rock approximately 2,000-feet east of Ivy Hill Pond. Paspalum laeve Michx. Smooth Paspalum. Occasional in turfs. Penthorum sedoides L. Ditch Stonecrop. Rare in marshes and on streambanks. 15 Perilla Jrutescens (L.) Britt. Beefstake Plant. Occasional in field of gas line #1 right-of-way, along trails near Ivy Hill and along wood edges elsewhere. Phalaris arundinacea L. Reed Canary Grass. Very rare along sunny areas of Oregon Branch and on wood edge near the Cherokee Grove picnic area. Phleum pratense L. Timothy. Common in fields. Phlox divaricata L. Blue Phlox. Rare in forest, along trails in the Ivy Hill area, remnants of wildflower planting. Phlox paniculata L. Perennial Phlox. Very rare in low woods near abandoned dwelling north of Oregon Lake. Phlox stolonifera Sims. Creeping Phlox. Rare in forest near Ivy Hill, remnants of wildflower planting. Phragmites australis (Gav.) Trin. Common Reed. Very rare, one station at the Nature Center Pond. Phryma leptostachya L. Lopseed. Occasional along moist forested trail banks and infrequent in other forested areas. Phvsalis suhglahrata Mackens. & Bush. Smooth Ground Cherry. Infrequent on open disturbed soils and in fields in the northeastern quadrant of the park. Phytolacca americana L. Poke. Occasional in fields and thickets. Pi lea pumila (L.) Gray. Clearweed. Infrequent in damp forests along streams. Plantago lanceolata L. English Plantain. Infrequent in turfs and on open soils in the northeastern quadrant of the park. Plantago rugelii Dene. Broad-leaved Plantain. Abundant in turfs, fields and on open soils. Poa annua L. Annual Bluegrass. Infrequent in turfs, particularly where the soil is compacted from foot traffic near structures. Poa pratensis L. Kentucky Bluegrass. Common in turfs. Podophyllum peltatum L. May-apple. Frequent in colonies in mesic forests in the northeastern quadrant of the park north of gas line #1 right-of-way. Polvgala mariana Mill. Maiyland Milkwort. Very rare in field of gas line #1 right-of-way. Polvgonatum hiflorum (Walt.) Ell. Smaller Solomon’s Seal. Infrequent in forests and along edges. Polygonum arifolium L. Halbert-leaved Tearthumb. Rare in marshes. Polygonum axnculare L. Knotweed. Frequent on dry open soils and in sparse turfs. Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum (De Bruyn) Stewart. Long-bristled Smartweed. Frequent in fields and on open soils. Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. Japanese Knotweed. Occasional in colonies in thickets, on open soils, in low forests near the Nature Center, along the Ivy Hill Yellow Trail circa 2400-feet east of Ivy Hill Pond and in open woods of the Cherokee Grove picnic area. Polygonum pensvlvanicum L. Pennsylvania Smartweed. Common in damp, often disturbed sandy soils, in full sun 16 near streams, ponds, ditches and gardens. Polygonum perfoliatum L. Perfoliate Smarfweed. Frequent in thickets and meadows. Polygonum persicaria L. Lady’s Thumb. Occasional in open wetlands. Polygonum punctatum Ell. Dotted Smartweed. Occasional in low moist forests and on floodplains. Polygonum sagittatum L. Arrow-leaved Tearthumb. Common in marshes and in sunny streambank thickets. Polygonum scandens L. Climbing False Buckwheat. Frequent in thickets. Portulaca oleracea L. Portulaca. Rare on disturbed soils at the Nature Center Pond and in garden areas. Potamogeton diver si folius Raf. Variable Pondweed. Rare and local in shallow waters of Oregon Lake. Potentilla canadensis L. Common Cinquefoil. Common in fields of gas line rights-of-way and infrequent on forested trail banks. Prenanthes alba L. White Lettuce. Occasional in field of gas line #2 right-of-way. Prunella vulgaris L. Heal-all. Occasional in fields, forests and along wood edges. Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. Narrow-leaved Mountain-mint. Occasional in fields. Pyrola elliptica Nutt. Shinleaf. Rare in dry forests south of Oregon Lake and near the Short-cut Trail. Pyrola rotundifolia var. americana (Sweet) Fern. Roundleaf Shinleaf. Very rare in forest on south side of gas line #1 right-of-way near the Short Cut Trail. Ranunculus abortivus L. Kidney-leaved Buttercup. Occasional in damp forests and damp thickets. Ranunculus bulhosus L. Bulbous Buttercup. Occasional in turfs. Ranunculus ficaria L. Lesser Celandine. Locally common in flood plain of Oregon Branch west of the Nature Center road, and in forests east of the Nature Center and very rare in turf at the Cherokee Grove picnic area. Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. Hooked Crowfoot. Occasional in alluvial woods and bordering wooded stream banks. Rorippa islandica (Oedor) Borbas. Yellow Cress. Rare in sandy floodplains. *RudbecMa fulgida Ait. Cultv. Goldsturm. Perennial Black-eyed Susan. Very rare in landscaping at the Oregon Grill and along the Nature Center Road at the rock wall. This is a Maryland ‘Untracked Watchlist (S3)’ species, but these are planted horticultural forms. RudbecMa hirta L. Black-eyed Susan. Occasional in fields. Rudbeckia laciniata L. Cut-leaf Coneflower. Infrequent in low moist or wet soils of stream floodplains in sun or light shade. Rumex acetosella L. Sheep Sorrel. Locally frequent in grassy field north of Oregon Branch and west of the community garden, and in grassy field bordering Cuba Road. Rumex crispus L. Curled Dock. Occasional in fields, rough turfs and open woods. 17 Rumex obtusifolius L. Bitter Dock. Occasional in fields and rough turfs. Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh. Rose-pink. Very rare in fields of gas line #1 right-of-way. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Arrowhead. Occasional in marshes. Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot. Occasional in forests. Sanicula canadensis L. Black Snakeroot. Common in low forests. Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritch. Wild Basil. Occasional in fields and open woods. Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. Early Saxifrage. Very rare on rocky ledges near Ivy Hill Pond. Scirpus atrovirens Willd. Green Bulrush. Occasional in disturbed sunny wetlands. Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth. Woolgrass. Occasional along sunny streambanks and marshes. Scirpus validus Vahl. Soft-stem Bulrush. Infrequent in shallow water of streams in full sun. Scirpus verecundus Fern. Bashful Bulrush. Very rare, a few specimens on northeast-facing slope of mixed forest west of the Lodge. This species was discovered and identified by Charles A. Davis. This is a Maryland ‘State Rare (S2)’ species. Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. Hairy Skullcap. Rare in fields and upland forests. Scutellaria lateriflora L. Mad-dog Skullcap. Very rare on damp bank of Oregon Lake. Sedum spectabile Boreau. Live-for-ever. Very rare in landscaping bordering the Nature Center road. Sedum ternatum Michx. Wild Stonecrop. Very rare along the Eagle Trail at Ivy Hill. Senecio vulgaris L. Common Groundsel. Rare in field between Shawan and Cuba Roads, and in landscape beds in front of the bandstand and the Lodge. Setaria faberii Herrm. Nodding Foxtail. Frequent in fields, on open soils and in the community vegetable garden. Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Green Foxtail. Frequent in open soils and bordering field margins. *Shortia galacifolia T. & G. Oconee Bells. Very rare, several specimens in forest of Ivy Hill. This species is under consideration for Federal listing, but these are remnants of wildflower plantings. Native to the mountains of North Carolina. South Carolina and Georgia. Sicvos angulatus L. Bur Cucumber. Infrequent along sunny stream banks and in damp thickets. Si da spinosa L. Prickly Mallow. Very rare on open soils east of Oregon Lake and near the Handicap Trail. Sisvrinchium angustifolium Mill. Blue-eyed Grass. Occasional on low damp edges of forests and on damp sunny streambanks. Sium sua\>e Walt. Water Parsnip. Very rare in marsh in central part of gas line right-of-way #1. Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. False Solomon’s Seal. Common in moist forests. 18 Solanum carolinense L. Horse-nettle. Occasional in fields. Solarium dulcamara L. Deadly Nightshade. Infrequent in sunny thickets, and on open soils near the Nature Center and Oregon Lake. Solanum nigrum L. Black Nightshade. Rare in fields and on open soils near the Nature Center and gas line #1 right- of-way. Solidago altissima L. Tall Goldenrod. Frequent in fields and thickets. Solidago bicolor L. Silverrod. Infrequent along wood edges and on trail banks. Solidago caesia L. Blue-stem Goldenrod. Frequent along wood edges and trail banks. Solidago flexicaulis L. Zig Zag Goldenrod. Locally infrequent in low moist forest along the eastern portion of Baisman Run. Solidago gigantea Ait. Late Goldenrod Very rare on road bank of Shawan Road approximately 1500-feet west of the Oregon Grill. Solidago juncea Ait. Early Goldenrod. Frequent in fields. Solidago nemoralis Ait. Gray Goldenrod. Frequent in dry field of gas line #2 right-of-way and rare in fields elsewhere. *Solidago patula Muhl. Rough Goldenrod. Locally infrequent in low moist forest along the eastern portion of Baisman Run. This is a Mary land ‘Untracked Watchlist (S3)’ species. Solidago rugosa Ait. Wrinkle-leaf Goldenrod. Common in low woods, damp thickets and on road banks. Sonchus oleraceus L. Common Sow-thistle. Very rare, in ditches southwest of the Oregon Grill along Oregon Branch. Sorghastrum nutans Nash. Indian Grass. Locally infrequent in field of gas line #2 right-of-way. *Sparganium eurycarpum Englem. Large Bur-reed. Very rare in water at north end of Ivy Hill Pond. This is a Maryland ‘Untracked Watchlist (S3)’“ species. Stellaria longifolia Muhl. Greater Stitchwort. Occasional in flood plain woods. Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo. Common Chickweed. Occasional in low woods and moist turfs along Oregon Branch and Beaver Dam Road. Strophostyles helvola (L.) Ell. Trailing Wild Bean. Rare and local on open soils at the Nature Center Pond. Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Nutt. Skunk Cabbage. Common in marshes, swamps and on shaded stream banks. Tanacetum vulgar e L. Common Tansy. Very rare, cultivated in garden at end of the Handicap Trail. Taraxicum officianale Weber. Dandelion. Abundant in sunny turfs and very rare along forested trails. Teucrium canadense L. Americum Wood-sage. Very rare in sunny thickets along Oregon Branch. Thalictrum dioicum L. Early Meadow-rue. Infrequent in low forests and damp thickets. 19 Thalictrum polygamum Muhl. Tall Meadow-rue. Rare on forested banks of Oregon Branch and Baisman Run. Tiarella cordifolio L. False Miterwort. Very rare in upland forests of Ivy Hill area, remnants of wildflower planting. Tipularia discolor (Purch.) Nutt. Cranefly Orchid. Frequent in oak leafmold in forests. Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf, Virginia Knotweed. Frequent in mesic and low forests. Tragopogon major Jacq. Yellow Goat’s-beard. Very rare, several specimens in field at end of the Handicap Trail. Trifolium agrarium L. Yellow Hop-clover. Infrequent in fields. Trifolium campestre L. Low Hop-clover. Common in dry soils of poor dry turfs. Trifolium pratense L. Red Clover. Frequent in fields. Trifolium repens L. White Clover. Abundant in turfs and fields. *Tri Ilium cemuum L. Nodding Trillium. Very rare, a few specimens in flood plain woods of Baisman Run south of Ivy Hill Pond. This is a Maryland ‘Untracked Watchlist (S3) species’, but these are remnants of wildflower planting. Trillium grandiflorum L. Large-flowered Trillium. Very rare, twenty specimens in flood plain woods of Baisman Run south of Ivy Hill Pond, remnants of wildflower planting. Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harbison. Yellow Trillium. Very rare, a few specimens in flood plain woods of Baisman Run south of Ivy Hill Pond, remnants of wildflower planting. Native to the central United States. Trillium sessile L. Toadshade. Very rare, a few' specimens in flood plain woods of Baisman Run south of Ivy Hill Pond, remnants of wildflower planting. Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. Venus’ Looking Glass. Infrequent in fields and on open soils. Triodia Jlava (L.) Smyth. Purple-top. Common in fields. Tussilago farfara L. Coltsfoot. Very rare, one colony in forest along Eagle Hill Trail on Ivy Hill. Typha latifolia L. Common Cattail. Occasional in marshes, wet ditches, Oregon Lake and the Nature Center Pond. Uvularia perfoliata L. Perfoliate Bellwort. Occasional in moist forests. Veratrum viride Ait. False Hellebore. Very rare in swamps along streams bordering the Logger’s Red Trail and 1000- feet east of the Short Cut Trail. Verbascum blatteria L. Moth Mullein. Infrequent in fields. Verbascum thapsis L. Great Mullein. Rare on dry open soils and in turf of grassy swale along Beaver Dam Road west of the Oregon Branch Bridge. Verbena hastata L. Blue Vervain. Frequent in marshes and along sunny streambanks. Verbena urticifolia L. White Vervain. Occasional in fields. Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. New York Ironweed. Very rare in marshes. 20 Veronica hederaefolia L, Ivy-leaved Speedwell. Abundant in turfs and open alluvial woods. Veronica officinalis L. Common Speedwell. Occasional in turfs and fields. Veronica persica Poir. Bird’s-eye Speedwell. Very rare in damp sandy soils of shaded drainage ditch near the Nature Center. Vicia cracca L. Tufted Vetch. Very rare in turf at the Nature Center Pond. Vinca minor L. Common Periwinkle. Infrequent in low forest east of the Nature Center, along the eastern portion of Baisman Run and in landscaping at the Oregon Grill. An unnamed white-flowered form occurs on the west side of Ivy Hill Pond dam. Viola blanda Willd. Sweet White Violet. Rare in low forests near streams. Viola canadensis L. Canada Violet. Rare in forest near Ivy Hill Pond. Viola conspersa Reichenb. American Dog Violet. Locally frequent in moist forest along the Ivy Hill yellow Trail south of gas line#2 right-of-way and south of Ivy Hil Pond. Viola cucullata Ait. Marsh Blue Violet. Frequent in low wet soils of marshes, streambanks and swamps. Viola hirsutula Brainnerd. Southern Wood Violet. Frequent in northeastern section of field of gas line #2 right-of-way and along the yellow trail west of Ivy Hill Pond. Viola palmata L. Wood Violet. Rare on south side of gas line #2 right-of-way and in nearby forest. Viola pedata L. Bird-foot Violet. Rare in central portion of gas line #1 right-of-way. Viola primulifolia L. Primrose-leaved Violet. Very rare in low forest near Ivy Hill. Viola sagittata Ait. Arrow-leaved Violet. Infrequent in meadows of gas line rights-of-way #1 & #2 and in nearby forests. Viola sororia Willd. Common Blue Violet. Frequent in moist forests and turfs. Viola sororia forma priciana (Poll.) Cooperrider. Confederate Violet. Very rare, nine specimens in one colony in flood plain woods of Oregon Branch north of abandoned dwelling. Viola striata Ait. Pale Violet. Very rare, one colony of hundreds of plants in woods on east side of the abandoned dwelling north of the Nature Center Drive and several dozen specimens in terrace forest on west side of the lake. Yucca filamentosa L. Yucca. Very rare, twelve specimens in landscaping at Beaver Dam Road opposite the Oregon Grill. Xanthium strumarium L. Common Cocklebur. Very rare on sunny disturbed soils near the Nature Center and the Nature Center Pond. WOODY VINES Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. Trumpet Creeper. Very rare in landscaping on wall of the Nature Center. Campsis x hybrida Zabel (C. radicans x tagliabuana). Hybrid Trumpet Creeper. Very rare, one specimen in landscaping near the Lodge. 21 Celastrus orbicularis Thunb. Oriental Bittersweet. Common in thickets and on forest edges, predominantly in the northeastern quadrant of the park. Clematis maxi mowitczi ana Franch. & Savat. Japanese Clematis. Very rare in wood-edge thicket at Oregon Lake. Clematis virginiana L. Virgin’s Bower. Very rare in low thickets east of Oregon Lake. Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Maz. Creeping Euonymus. Very rare, one colony along wood edge west of the Eagle Trail near Ivy Hill Road. Hedera helix L. English Ivy. Rare in landscaping near the Oregon Grill, the Nature Center, and in forests west of Oregon Lake and along the Virginia Pine Trail. Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese Honeysuckle. Occasional in open successional forests, fields and thickets, predominately in the northeast quadrant of the park. Lonicera sempervirens L, Trumpet Honeysuckle. Very rare in upland foreston the south side of gas line #1 rights-of- way near where the Short Cut Trail meets the Red Trail. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Virginia Creeper. Common in forests and thickets throughout. Smilax glauca Walt. Glaucous Greenbrier. Occasional in upland forests. Smilax hispida Muhl. Bristly Greenbrier. Very rare, one specimen along tributary of Oregon Branch near the Red Trail. Smilax rotundifolia L. Greenbrier. Occasional in dry forests and thickets, predominantly in the northeast quadrant of thhe park. Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kunz.e. Poison-ivy. Occasional in forests, thickets and in fields; frequent in successional woodlands. Vi Us aestivalis Michx. Summer Grape. Frequent in forests and thickets. Vitis labrusca L. Fox Grape. Occasional in low open forests and along wood edges. SHRUBS Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Smooth Alder. Very rare in swamp in gas line #2 right-of-way and planted at the Nature Center Pond. Arab a spinosa L. Devil’s Walking Stick. Very rare, one small specimen along wood edge bordering gas line #1 right- of-way south of Oregon Lake. Ascvrum hvpericoides L. St. Andrew’s Cross. Rare in dry sandy field of gas line #2 right-of-way and in sparse turfs circa 2000-feet southwest of the stage. Berberis thunbergii DC. Japanese Barberry. Infrequent along trails and streams in forests. Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea DC. Purple-leaved Japanese Barberry. Rare in landscaping, a few specimens near the Lodge and the Stage. Buddleja da\>idii Franch. Butterfly Bush. Very rare, one specimen in landscaping at rock wall along the Nature Center Road south of the Oregon Grill. 22 *Castanea piimila Mill. Chinquapin. Infrequent along edges of dry forests bordering the gas line rights-of-way and several specimens planted at the Nature Center Pond. This is a Maryland ‘Untracked Watchlist (S3)’ species. Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh. Spotted Wintergreen. Occasional in dry forests. Clethra alnifolia L. Sweet Pepperbush. Rare, a several dozen specimens planted at the Nature Center bridge, the Nature Center Pond and north of the Bathhouse. Compton i a peregrina (L.) Coult. Sweet Fern. Very' rare in dry forest on forest edge bordering the north side of gas line #1 right-of-way. Cornus amomum Miller. Silky Dogwood. Very rare, a few specimens near Oregon Lake, along the Red Trail, and planted at the Nature Center and the Nature Center Pond. Comus alternifolia L. f. Pagoda Dogwood. Very' rare, a few specimens near Oregon Lake and along the Red Trail. Cornus kousa Hance. Chinese Dogwood. Very rare, one specimen in landscaping north of the Stage. Corylus americana Walt. American Hazelnut. Infrequent along wood edges, in open woods, in thickets on dry soils and planted at the Nature Center Pond in the northern half of the park. Cotoneaster horizontalis Dene. Rockspray Cotoneaster. Very rare, two specimens on wood edge west of the Eagle Trail near Ivy Hill Road, Cotoneaster salicifolius Thunb. Cultv. Repandens. Willow-leaf Cotoneaster. Very' rare in landscaping at the Oregon Grill. Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. Oleaster. Very' rare, one shrub on bank of the unnamed tributary of Oregon Branch south of the Oregon Grill on the east side of Beaverdam Road. Epigaea repens L. Trailing Arbutus. Infrequent along edges of dry forests and on trail banks. Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Regel. Cultv. Compactus. Dwarf Winged Euonymus. Very rare, four specimens near the Lodge. Euonymus sieboldiana Bl. Euonymus. One specimen in landscaping near the Lodge. Forsythia intermedia Zabel. Forsythia. Very rare in landscaping near the Oregon Grill, near abandoned dwelling several hundred feet north of Oregon Lake and along wood border west of the Eagle Trail near Ivy Hill Road. Hamamelis virginiana L. Witch Hazel. Frequent in low forests and planted at the Nature Center Pond. Hibiscus syriacus L. Rose of Sharon. Very rare, a few specimens on wood edge near the Nature Center and along the Nature Center Road near abandoned dwelling. Ilex aqui folium L. x cornuta Lindl. Nellie Stevens Holly. Very rare, a few specimens in landscaping at the Oregon Grill, in turf of practice golf area east of the Stage and at the stage. Ilex aquifolium L. x opaca L. Fraser Holly. Very rare, several specimens in turf east of the Lodge. Ilex crenata Thunb. Japanese Holly. Very rare at the Oregon Grill and in mesic forests along the Virginia Pine Green Trail. Ilex montana T. & G. Mountain Holly. Very' rare, one specimen in ravine circa 600-feet south of the Nature Center 23 bridge. This species was discovered and identified by Charles A. Davis and is disjunct from its normal range in the mountains of Allegany and Garrett Counties. It is unknown whether this species was introduced naturally or antropogenically at Oregon Ridge. Ilex verticil l at a (L.) Gr^y. Winterberry. Infrequent in landscaping at the Oregon Lake parking area, at the Nature Center parking area, west of the Logger’s Red Trail, in tributary north of Ivy Hill Pond, and in swamps along Oregon Branch and Baisman Run. Kalmia latifolia L. Mountain Laurel. Common on forested slopes and very rare in plantings at the Nature Center pond. Leucothoe axillaris var. editorum (Fern. & Schub.) Ahles. Evergreen Fcttcrbush. Very rare, local in several colonics in upland forest along Ivy Hill trail north of Ivy Hill and at Ivy Hill Pond. Leucothoe racemosa (L.) Gray. Fetterbush. Very rare on wood edge southwest of the Nature Center parking lot. Ligustrum obtusi folium Sieb. & Zucc. Privet. Occasional in shaded thickets and successional forests. Lindera benzoin (L.) Blumc. Spice Bush. Abundant in low forests and moist thickets throughout. Lonicera morrowi Gray. Morrow’s Honeysuckle. Rare in thickets. Lonicera tatarica L. Tartarian Honeysuckle. Infrequent in woods and thickets. Lycium halimifolium Mill. Matrimony Vine. Rare in field north of the Nature Center parking lot and several specimens planted along the fence on the north side of the Nature Center Pond. Pieris japonica D. Don. Japanese Pieris. Very rare, several specimens planted on west bank of Ivy Hill Pond. Pyrus melanocarpa (Michx.) Willd. Black Chokeberry. Rare, planted at the Nature Center Pond and several specimens in upland forest along the Logger’s Red Trail. Rhododendron carolinianum Rcyd. Carolina Rhododendron. Very rare, two specimens west of the dam at Ivy Hill Pond. Remnants of wildflower plantings. Rhododendron hybrid. Glenn Dale Hybrid Azalea. Very rare, two lavendar-flowered specimens (cultivar unknown) in forest along the Ivy Hill Yellow Trail about 600-feet north of Ivy Hill Pond. Remnants of wildflower plantings. Rhododendron maximum L. Roscbay. Very rare and local, a few specimens planted in forest along the Ivy Hill Yellow Trail between gas line #2 right-of-way and Ivy Hill Pond. Remnants of a w ildflow er plantings. Rhododendron obtusum Planch. Kurume Hybrid Azalea. Very' rare, eight specimens in landscaping near the Lodge and Stage and larger specimens in forest along the Ivy Hill Yellow Trail about 600-feet north of Ivy Hill Pond. Remnants of w ildflower plantings (cultivars Hcrshcy Red, Hinodc Giri, Coral Bells) . Rhododendron periclymenoides (Michx.) Shinners. Pinxter Flower. Infrequent in upland forests and planted at the Nature Center Pond. Rhododendron viscosum (L.) Torr. Swamp Azalea. Very rare, in swamp at Ivy Hill Pond and planted at the Nature Center Pond. Rhodo typos scan dens (Thunb.) Mak. Jetbead. Very rare, one shrub on edge of forest on west side of Oregon Lake. Rhus copal lina L. Shining Sumac. Locally common at two stations along the north side of gas line #1 right-of-way. 24 and infrequent on grassy slope at the Nature Center Pond. Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac. Rare frequent on wood edges and in fields in the northeast quadrant of the park. Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac. Very rare in weedy scrub-shrub area between Oregon Lake and the abandoned iron mine. Rosa Carolina L. Pasture Rose. Very rare, three specimens on forest edge bordering the Eagle Trail at Ivy Hill Road. Rosa multijlora Thunb. Multiflora Rose. Common in thickets and successional forests, predominantly in the northeast quadrant of the park. Rubus allegheniensis Porter. Allegheny Blackberry. Frequent in successional forests and thickets. Rubus flagellaris Willd. Dewberry. Occasional in dry' fields. Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry. Occasional in thickets, along forest edges and forest openings. Rubus phoeniculasius Maxim. Wineberry. Occasional in open woods and thickets. Sambucus canadensis L. Elderberry. Rare in low forest east of Oregon Lake and along Baisman Run. Spiraea prunifolium Sicb. & Zucco. Cultv plena. Bridal-wTcath Spirca. Very rare, several specimens near the abandoned dwelling in woods on west side of the Nature Center road. Sytnphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench. Coralberrv. Very rare, one small colony along Shawan Road at the northern boundary of the park. Syringa vulgaris L. cultv. Angel White. Lilac. Very rare, one specimen in landscaping at the Bathhouse. Vaccinium corymbosum L. Highbush Blueberry. Infrequent in swamps and low forests. Vaccinium vacillans Ait. Low Blueberry. Abundant in dry forests. Viburnum aceri folium L. Maple-leaved Viburnum. Abundant in dry forests. Viburnum dentatum L. Southern Arrow-wood. Very rare in low forests. Viburnum prunifolium L, Black Haw7. Frequent in forests and in thickets. Viburnum recognitum Fern. Northern Arrow-wood. Common in low forest and thickets and planted at the Nature Center Pond. Viburnum setigerum Sicb. & Zucco. Tea Viburnum. Very rare, one specimen on wood edge west of the Eagle Trail near Ivy Hill Road. DECIDUOUS TREES Acer palmatum Thunb. Japanese Maple. Very rare, one specimen in forest near Ivy Hill. Acer negundo L. Box Elder. Abundant in the northeastern quadrant of the park. Acer platanoides L. Norway Maple. Infrequent, near the Nature Center Parking and east of Oregon Lake, with some specimens planted in landscaping. 25 Acer rubrum L. Red Maple. Common in moist forests throughout. Acer saccharinum L. Silver Maple. Infrequent near abandoned dwelling in woods on west side of the Nature Center Drive. Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple. Very rare, planted north and east of the Nature Center and near the tennis court. Aesculus octandra Marsh. Yellow Buckeye. Very rare, two sapling specimens in forest at the east end of the S. James Campbell Trail. Ailanthus altissima Swingle. Tree-of-heaven. Common in successional forests, predominantly in the northeast quadrant of the park. Amelanchier arborea (Michx.f.) Fern. Shadbush. Rare in cove forests easr of the Green Trail and west of the Lodge and several planted specimens at the Nature Center Pond, and veiy rare in low forest near Ivy Hill. Betula lenta L. Sweet Birch. Locally frequent along forest borders southwest of the lodge and on the north side of gas line #1 right-of-way between the Logger’s Red Trail and Baisman Run. Betula paperifem Marsh. Paper Birch. Very rare, one specimen on edge of forest at south end of the Eagle Trail and one specimen in forest on the south side of Ivy Hill Road. These are remnants of wildflower plantings. Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Ironwood Occasional along Baisman Run and its tributaries, and rare in upland forests. Cary a cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch. Bittcmut. Rare in forests between Shawan and Cuba Roads, and in forest south of the Nature Center Bridge. Cary a glabra (Mill.) Spach. Pignut Hickory. Common in forests throughout. Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch. Shagbark Hickory. Very rare, one pole-sized specimen in forest near east end of S. James Campbell Trail and one mature specimen on southeast side of gas line right-of-way #2 at top of slope northeast of the Yellow Trail. Catya tomentosa Nutt. Mockemut Hickory. Infrequent in upland forests. *Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. American Chestnut. Frequent as root sprouts in upland forests, with a few fruiting specimens west of the Eagle Trail near Ivy Hill Road. Almost all mature specimens were killed by the Chestnut Blight fungus ( Cryphonecticus parasitica ), except for a few specimens in the Great Smokey Mountains and the western U.S. mountains. This is a Maryland ‘State Rare/Watchlist (S2/S3)’ species. Catalpa bignonioides Walt. Southern Catalpha. Very rare, several specimens in woods on north side of Oregon Branch. Celtis occidentalis L. Hackberry. Two dying specimens planted at the Nature Center Pond and one specimen on the northeast comer of the Nature Center. Cercis canadensis L. Redbud. Very rare, a few specimens on forest edge at the Nature Center and several small trees near the end of the Eagle Trail. Chionanthus virginicus L. Fringe-tree. Very- rare a few small specimens on bank of Baisman Run. Cornus florida L. Flowering Dogwood. Abundant in forests throughout. 26 Diospvros virginiana L. Persimmon. Very rare in field of gas line #1 right-of-way, at the Oregon Grill and at the Nature Center pond. Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech. Saplings frequent and mature trees infrequent in upland forests. Fraxinus americana L. White Ash. Common in forests and as landscaping remnants near abandoned dwellings. Fraxinus pennsytvanica Marshell. Green Ash. Very rare, two seedlings planted on north bank of the Nature Center Pond. Ilex opaca Ait. American Holly. Infrequent as shrub-sized specimens scattered in forests throughout and several specimens planted at the Nature Center pond. The largest specimens, circa 18-feet in height, including one with yellow berries (var. xanthocarpa), occur along the wood edge west of the Eagle Trail near Ivy Hill Road. *Juglans cineria L. Butternut. Very rare, a few immature trees in forest strip along the park boundary circa 750-feet southeast of the stage. This is a Maryland “State rare/Untracked Watchlist (S2/S3)t” species and is under consideration for Federal listing due to many trees dying from Butternut canker fungus infection ( Sirococcus cla\ngignenti- juglandacearum). Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut. Abundant in successional forests and spreading to unmowed fields as seedlings. Liriodendron tulipifera L. Yellow Poplar. Abundant in moist forests throughout. Magnolia grandiflora L. Bull Bay. Very rare, four specimens in landscaping on Beaver Dam Road opposite the Oregon Grill. Magnolia macrophylla Michx. Bigleaf Magnolia. Very rare, one tree along the Virginia Pine Trail circa 1000-feet south of gas line #2 right-of-way and a second specimen in forest just outside the park at the eastern end of the S. James Campbell Trail. *Magnolia tripetala L. Umbrella Magnolia. Very rare, a few trees in low forest on the south side of Baisman Run near the eastern park boundary and on the north side of Baisman Run northwest of gas line #2 right-of-way. This is a Maryland ‘Untracked Watchlist (S3)’ species. Magnolia virginiana L. Sweetbay. Very rare, two specimens in landscaping on the north side of Beaver Dam Road opposite the Nature Center Road and several specimens planted on the north side of the Nature Center Pond. Malus coronaria (L.) Mill. Wild Crab. Very rare, six specimens planted at Nature Center Pond, several specimens dead or dying. Malus x jloribunda Sieb. ex Van Houtte. Showy Crab. Rare in forest along the Yellow Trail, the Eagle Trail and in landscaping. Malus pumila L. Apple. Rare along wood edges and in landscaping. Moms alba L. White Mulberry. Frequent along wood edges in old iron mine area east of Oregon Lake. Morns mbra L. Red Mulberry. Rare in open woods and along wood edges, mostly east of Oregon Lake. Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Blackgum. Frequent in the understory of forests. Platanus occidentalis L. Sycamore. Infrequent in moist forests, turfs and on streambanks in the northeastern quadrant of the park. 27 Populus alba L. White Poplar. Very rare, one specimen on north side of the Nature Center road north of Oregon Branch. Populus x canadensis var. eugeni (Simon-Louis) Schelle. (P. deltoides Marsh, x nigra L. var. italica Moenchh.) Carolina Poplar. Very rare, a few specimens planted in landscaping near the Oregon Grill. Populus deltoides Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood Very rare, one specimen in depression along Beaver Dam Road circa 1000-feet southeast of the Oregon Grill and two saplings planted at the Nature Center Pond. Populus grandidentata Michx. Big-tooth Aspen. Frequent in forest bordering gas line #1 right-of-way and rare in forests elsewhere. Prunus sp. L. Unidentified Cherry . Small grove of white-flowered trees to circa 15-feet in height on west side of abandoned dw elling on east side of the Nature Center Pond. Prunus avium L. Sweet Cherry. Infrequent along forest edges, mostly in the northeastern quadrant of the park. Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Cult. 'Thundercloud’. Purple-leaved Plum. Very rare in landscaping near Oregon Lake and the Lodge. Prunus serotina Ehrh. Black Cherry . Abundant in successional forests and invading unmowed fields as seedlings. Prunus serrulata Lindl. Cult. Kwanzan. Kwanzan Cherry'. Very rare, a few specimens in landscaping near the Oregon Grill, Oregon Lake and the Lodge. Prunus subhirtella var. autumnalis (Miq.) Makino. Autumn-flowering Cherry. Very rare, one specimen near the Lodge. Pyrus callervana Dene. Cult. ‘Bradford’. Bradford Flowering Pear. Very rare, two specimens planted at the Bathhouse. Ouercus alba L. White Oak. Common in upland forests. Quercus bicolor Will. Swamp White Oak. Very rare, several specimens planted at the Nature Center Pond. Ouercus coccinea Wang. Scarlet Oak. Occasional on forested slopes and ridges. Ouercus montana Willd. Chestnut Oak. Abundant in dry forests. *Ouercus muhlenbergii Englem. Chinquapin Oak. Very' rare, several trees in small forest stand west of Cuba Road in the northernmost section of the park. This is a Maryland 'Untracked Watchlist (S3)’ species. Ouercus palustris Muench. Pin Oak. Very rare, four specimens planted at the Nature Center pond. Ouercus rubra L. Red Oak. Common in mesic forests. Ouercus velutina Lam. Black Oak. Frequent in dry forests. Robinia pseudoacacia L. Black Locust. Common in open forests in the northeastern quadrant of the park. Salix alba L. White Willow. Very rare, one shrub-sized specimen in water of Oregon Branch circa 100-feet west of Beaver Dam Road. Salix babvlonica L. Weeping Willow. Very rare, one specimen near abandoned dwelling on northwest side of the 28 Nature Center drive. Salix nigra Marsh. Black Willow. Occasional on streambanks, in low open woods and planted at the Nature Center. Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees. Sassafras. Common in successional woods, frequent in mature forests and infrequent in fields. Ulmus americana L. American Elm. Very rare on forest edge near the Nature Center. Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm. Infrequent in low moist forests and thickets in the northeastern quadrant of the park. HERITAGE SPECIES * Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Balsam Fir. Very rare in forest off Eagle Hill Trail near Ivy Hill Road. This is a Maryland ‘Highly State Rare (SI)’ species, but this is a planted specimen. *Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. American Chestnut. Frequent as root sprouts in upland forests, with a few fruiting specimens west of the Eagle Trail near Ivy Hill Road. Almost alll mature specimens were extincted by the Chestnut Blight fungus ( Crvphonecticus parasitica), except for a few isolated specimens in the Great Smokey Mountains. This is a Maryland ‘State rare/Untracked Watchlist (S2/S3)’ species. *Castanea pumila Mill. Chinquapin. Infrequent along edges of dry forests bordering the gas line rights-of-way and several specimens planted at the Nature Center Pond. This is a Maryland ‘Untracked Watchlist (S3)’ species. *Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl.) Wood. Pointed-leaved Tick Trefoil. Frequent in dry forests. This is a Maryland ‘Untracked Watchlist (S3)’ species. *Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnarianum (Nash) Gould. Scribner’s Panic Grass. Rare in sandy field of gas line #2 right-of-way. This is a Maryland ‘Highly State rare/Endangered (Sl/E)’ species. *Drvopteris celsa (W. Palmer) Small. Log Fern. Very rare, a few specimens in swampy floodplain of Oregon Ridge Branch south of gas line #2 right-of-way. This is a Maryland ‘Threatened/Tracked Watchlist (T/S3. 1)’ species. *Hexastvlis virginica (L.) Small. Virginia Ginger. Very rare in forest along Eagle Trail at Ivy Hill and at Ivy Hill Pond Dam. This is a Maryland ‘Endangered/Highly State Rare (E/Sl)’ species, but these are remnants of wildflower plantings. *Iris cristata Ait. Crested Iris. Very rare, one colony in upland forest at Ivy Hill. This is a Maryland ‘Endangered/Highly State Rare (E/Sl)’ species, but these are remnants of wildflower plantings. *Juglans cineria L. Butternut. Very rare, a few immature trees in forest strip along the park boundary circa 750-feet southeast of the Stage. This is a Maryland ‘State Rare/Untracked Watchlist (S2/S3)’ species and is under consederation for Federal listing due to many trees dying from Butternut canker fungus infection ( Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum). *Magnolia tripetala L. Umbrella Magnolia. Very rare, a few trees in low forest on the south side of Baisman Run near the eastern park boundary and on the north side of Baisman Run northwest of gas line #2 right-of-way. This is a Maryland ‘Untracked Watchlist’ species. *Ouercus muhlenbergii Englem. Chinquapin Oak. Very rare, several trees in small forest stand west of Cuba Road in the northernmost section of the park. This is a Maryland ‘Untracked Watchlist (S3)’ species. *Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. Cultv. Goldsturm. Perennial Black-eyed Susan. Very rare in landscaping at the Oregon Grill 29 and along the Nature Center Road at the rock wall. This is a Maryland ‘Untrackwed Watchlist (S3)’ species, but these are planted horticultural forms. *Scirpus verecundus Fern. Bashful Bulrush. Very rare, a few specimens on northeast -facing slope of mixed forest west of the Lodge. This is a Maryland “State Rare (S2)” species. *Shortia galacifolia T. & G. Oconee Bells. Very rare, several specimens in forest of Ivy Hill. This species is under consideration for Federal species listing, but these are remnants of wildflower plantings. Native to North Carolina. South Carolina and Georgia. *SoIidago patulq Muhl. Rough Goldenrod. Locally infrequent in low moist forest along the eastern portion of Baisman Run. This is a Maryland 'Untracked Watchlist (S3)’ species. *Sparganium eurycarpum Englem. Large Bur-reed. Very rare in water at north end of Ivy Hill Pond. This is a Maryland 'Untacked Watchlist (S3)’ species. * Thuja occulentalis L. Arbor-vitae. Very rare in landscaping wear the Lodge and the Stage. This is a Maryland 'Threatened (T)’ species, but these are planted. *Tri Ilium cernuum L. Nodding Trillium. Very rare, a few specimens in flood plain woods of Baisman Run south of Ivy Hill Pond. This is a Maryland ‘Untracked Watchlist (S3)’ species, but these are remnants of wildflower plantings. Acknowledgments Approximately 450+ of these species were listed in an earlier study by the late Douglas Hackman, a Baltimore County employee, and were delineated in a series of location maps. My thanks to a number of persons who supplied useful information during my study including Pam Salkoriwitz, Manager of Oregon Ridge Park; Kirk Drier. Park Naturalist; and Charles Davis, ecologist. References Bailey, L.H. 1949 . Manual of Cultivated Plants. The MacMillan Co.. New York. 1116 pp. Britton. N.L. and A Brown. 1970. An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and Canada (3 vols.). Dover Publications, New York. 637 pp. Brown, ML. and R.G Brown. 1984. Herbaceous Plants of Maryland. University of Maryland, College Park. 1127 PP Brown. R.G. and M.L. Brown. 1972. Woody Plants of Maryland. University of Maryland, College Park. 347 pp. Fleming. C.. M.B. Lobstein and B. Tufty. 1995. Finding Wildflowers in the Washington-Baltimore Area. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore. 312. Gleason . H.A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, New York. 910 pp. Hitchcock. AS. 1971. Manual of the Grasses of the United States (2 vols.). Dover Publications, Inc.. New York. 1051 pp. Lellinger. D.B. 1985. A field Manual of the Ferns and Fern Allies of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D C. 389 pp. Maryland Natural Heritage Program. 1991. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland. Department of 30 Natural Resources, Annapolis. 24 pp. Mittenthal. S.M. 1993. The Baltimore Trail Book. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 155 pp. MAPS: Baltimore County, MD Street Map. 1998. ADC of Alexandria, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia. Cockeys\’ille, MD Quadrangle, 7.5 minute series topographic. Photorevised 1986. United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. Oregon Ridge Park. A single page mimeo sheet. Baltimore County Department of Recreation and Parks. 2615 Harwood Road Baltimore. MD 21234 31 The Maryland Naturalist is a quarterly publication of the Natural History Society of Maryland. Subject matter includes all areas of the natural history of Maryland and adjacent states. Suitability of manuscripts will be determined by the editor. Accepted manuscripts will be reviewed by appropriate specialists prior to publication. Address all manuscripts and correspondence to Editor, The Maryland Naturalist, Natural History Society of Maryland, 2643 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218. When possible, manuscripts should be submitted on high density floppy discs formatted for Word Perfect or other IBM compatible software (this is particularly important with longer manuscripts). 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