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ENTOMOLOGICAL COLLECTION

This book is due on the date indicated
below and is subject to an overdue fine
as posted at the Circulation Desk.

MATABELE LAND

AND

THE VICTORIA FALLS

FROM THE LETTERS ^JOURNALS OF THE LATE

FRANK GATES, F.R.G.S.

SECOND EDITION

APPENDIX IV

ENTOMOLOGY

By J. O. WESTWOOD, M.A., F.L.S., Etc.

HOl'E PROFESSOR OF ZOOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORI'
WITH ADDITIOXS LV

A. SIDNEY OLLIFF and ^\■. L. DISTANT

LONDON
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, & CO.

I S 89

[Extracted from Matahck Laud and the Victoria Falls ; from the Letters
and Journals of the late Frank Gates, F.R.G.S. Second Edition, 1889,
London : Kegan Paul, Trench, and Co.]

APPENDIX IV,

ENTOMOLOGY.^

By J. O. Westwood, M.A., F.L.S., Etc.
Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford.

(Plates V.-IX.)

The Collection of Insects formed by Mr. F. Oates, now in
the Entomological Department of the Museum of the
University of Oxford, although not of considerable extent,
fortunately comprises examples of many of the very pecu-
liar groups and genera characteristic of the greater part of
the African continent.

The geographical distribution of animals has, during
the last few years, attracted so much attention among
naturalists that a few preliminary observations on the
subject will not be considered out of place.

M. Lacordaire, in the chapter on the geographical dis-
tribution of insects, in his ' Introduction a I'Entomologie,'
divided the African continent into numerous regions, as
follows : — I. Upper Egypt, Nubia, and Abyssinia; 2. The

^ [Since this article was published in the first edition of this work, a number
of insects in the collection, not then particularized — chiefly amongst the Cole-
optera — have been named by Mr. A. Sidney Olliff, who has also described
several additional new species. A list of the Rhynchota has been furnished by
Mr. W. L. Distant (also including some new species), and some further addi-
tions have been made by Professor Westwood. The names of all insects added
by Mr. Olliff and Mr. Distant are distinguished from those named by Professor
Westwood by an asterisk (*) and the sign (+) respectively. It will further be
found in several instances that the names of genera printed in the first edition
have been altered in the ensuing pages, and in some cases specific names
also. Where the latter have been changed the names used in the earlier
edition have been given between brackets as synonyms. — Ed.]

'entomology. 339

country south of the Atlas Range, as far as the Great
Desert, and including Morocco ; 3. Senegambia ; 4. The
coast of Guinea ; 5. Congo ; 6. The Cape of Good Hope ;
7. Madagascar ; 8. The islands of Mauritius and Bourbon.

In the more recent works of Mr. Wallace on the geo-
graphical distributionof animalswc find that (with theexcep-
tion of the whole of North Africa — including the northern
half of Egypt — which is, like the northern half of Arabia,
united with the Mediterranean sub-region and regarded as
a portion of the primary Polar Arctic region) the remainder
of Africa, south of the tropic of Cancer, is constituted into a
primary region, to which the name of " Ethiopian " has been
applied, and in which the zoological productions are of a
remarkably homogeneous character. Of this Ethiopian
region the portion which extends on the western side of the
continent, between the rivers Gambia and Congo, and conse-
quently embracing Guinea and the Gold Coast, and reaching
as far as 25° East long., is of a distinct character, being
occupied by dense forests. To this sub-region the name
of " West African " has been applied. Another sub-region,
the " South African," is formed of that part of the continent
south of the tropic of Capricorn, but extending northwards
along the east coast as far as Mozambique.

The remainder of Africa, from the tropic of Cancer
to the river Gambia on the west coast, and including
Senegambia, Timbuctoo, South Egypt, Abyssinia, the
eastern half of Africa (including the great lakes and
Zanzibar), and reaching from Mozambique on the east to
Angola, Benguela, and Damara Land on the west coast,
is considered as forming a third sub-region, to which the
inappropriate name of " East Africa " has been applied.
It is in the south-eastern portion of this third sub-region
that the collection of insects formed by Mr. F. Oates was
obtained.

The surface of all this sub-region is described by Mr.
A. R. Wallace as " generally open, covered with a vege-
tation of high grasses or thorny shrubs, with scattered
trees and isolated patches of forest in favourable situa-
tions. The only parts where continuous forests occur are

340 APPENDIX.

on the eastern and western slopes of the great Abyssinian
plateau, and on the Mozambique coast from Zanzibar to
Sofala. The whole of this great district has one general
zoological character. Many species range from Senegal
to Abyssinia ; others from Abyssinia to the Zambesi ; and
a few, as Mungos fasciatus and Phacochceriis ^thiopicus (to
which great numbers of species of insects may be added),
range over the entire sub-region." Various species of
quadrupeds and birds are mentioned, which are found in
Gambia, Abyssinia, and South-east Africa, but not in
the West African sub-region ; and yet Mr. Wallace adds,
" Although this sub-region is so extensive and so gener-
ally uniform in physical features, it is by far the least
peculiar part of Africa. It possesses, of course, all those
widespread Ethiopian types which inhabit every part of
the region ; but it has hardly any special features of its
own. The few genera which are peculiar to it have gener-
ally a limited range, and for the most part belong either
to the isolated mountain-plateau of Abyssinia, which is
almost as much Polar- Arctic as Ethiopian, or to the woody
districts of Mozambique, where the fauna has more of a
West or South African character." Surely these circum-
stances, if correctly stated, together with the fact connected
with the existence of the Great Sahara desert, extending
many hundred miles in width across Africa, lead to the
conclusion that the division of Africa south of the tropic
of Cancer into three principal areas is unnatural, and that,
with the exception of the necessary consequence of greater
life-action within the tropics, there is so much uniformity
in the animal productions of Africa as to render it (with
our present knowledge at least) undesirable to cut up the
continent into these sub-regions.

Order LEPIDOPTERA.

The Lepidopterous insects (butterflies and moths) especially
attracted much of Mr. Oates's attention ; and of the day-flying
species (Rhopalocera) he collected seventy-three diflerent kinds, of
which nineteen^ appear to be previously undescribed. As they form

1 [When the above was written for the first edition, one of this number (Callosnne Buxtoni)
had, unknown to Professor Westwood, been aheady described under the same name by Mr.

ENTOMOLOGY. 34 1

the most important part of his collection, I have given a complete
catalogue of them in the following pages. These insects abound in
certain districts, and in Mr. Trimen's work on South African butter-
flies, published in 1862- 1866, as many as 197 different species are
recorded, after deducting 29 species inserted incorrectly ; whilst in his
new work (of which vols. i. and ii., published in 1887, include the
families Nymphalid^e, EryciniDvE, and Lyc^nid^) he expects,
when it is completed, to bring the number of known South African
forms up to about 3S0.

Species of the families Danaid^, Satyrid^, Acr^id.^, Nym-
PHALiD.E, LiBYTHEiD^, Lyc^nid^e, Pierid^, Papilionid^, and
Hesperiid^, occur in each of the three divisions into which Mr.
Wallace has divided the continent of Africa south of the Great Desert ;
but of the families Elymniid.e and Nemeobiid^e no species have
been found in the South African sub-region, which, however, possesses
seven genera peculiar to itself,— two belonging to the SatyriD/E, one
to the ACR-EID.E, three to the Lyc.enid.e, and one to the HESPERllDyE.
The beautiful species of Zeritis are also peculiar to this sub-region,
one additional species only inhabiting West Africa.^

Of the Danaid^, species occur in each of the four Ethiopian sub-
regions. 'Of the Satyrid^, which also occur in all the four sub-
regions, Gnophodes^ Leptoneji^-a, and a few other small genera are
exclusively African. Of the Elymniid^, which are characteristic of
the Malayan and Moluccan districts, one species also occurs in
Ashanti. The Morphid^, Brassolid^e, and typical HeliconiiD/E
do not occur in Africa ; the ACR^ID.E, on the contrary, have their
metropolis in this continent, which produces more than two-thirds
of all the known species. Of the Nymphalid^, which is the largest
and most universally distributed family of butterflies, species occur in
all the sub-regions of Africa. There are fourteen genera of these
butterflies exclusively African, including Lachnoptera, Aviphtdema,
Cat una, Eiiryphefie, Romaleosoma, Aterica, and Hartna, Libythea
(constituting the family Libytheid^) is widely distributed, and occurs
in Western Africa and Madagascar, and one species has been dis-
covered in Eastern and South-eastern Africa. The family NemcobiidcE
is represented in West Africa and Madagascar, but not in South Africa.
No representative of the family Erycinid^ (proper) occurs in the old
world or Australia. The LYCiENlD^, on the other hand, are found in
all the sub-regions of the globe, the genera Pentila, Liptena, D' Urbania,
Axiocerces, Capys, Phytala, Epitola, Hewitsonia, and Deloneura being
peculiar to Africa. Of the family Pierid^E, Teracolus and Pseudo-

Butler (P. Z. S., 1876), a matter which has now been set right in the succeeding text. Acrcra
Acronycta of the first edition has also now been referred to A. Stenobea, Wallengren, and
Acma Atiifiliijnalla and A. DirciEa both to A. Caldarcna, Hewitson. — Ed.]

1 From recent investigations a large number of genera have been formed out of sub-divisions
of the older genera given in the text of the first edition, so that the genera thus formed
have considerably increased the number of these groups peculiar to Africa, as stated above.

2 A

342 APPENDIX.

pontia ^ are the only genera exclusively African ; but the species of other
genera are very numerous, especially in the group of white butterflies
with orange tips to their fore wings. The family Papilionid^ is very
widely distributed over all the warmer regions of the globe ; and
although no peculiar genus belonging to the family is found in
Africa, there are several very interesting groups of species, such as
Papilio Nireus and its allies, with black wings spotted or banded with
green. The Merope group, the males of which are cream-coloured,
spotted with black and furnished with tails, is remarkable for having
tailless females in West and South Africa, so much unlike their
partners as to have been described as several distinct species ; whereas
in Madagascar the females of this group can scarcely be distinguished
either in form or colour from the males.- Lastly, of the Hesperiid^,
distributed all over the globe, thirteen of the genera contain species
which are natives of Africa, three of them being peculiar to that region
— namely, Abmiiis from Mozambique, Ceratrichia from Western Africa,
and Caprona from Southern Africa.

LEPIDOPTERA RHOPALOCERA.
Family Papilionid^.
Genus Papilio (auctt.)

1. (i) Papilio Demoleus, Linnaeus ; Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 17.

Papilio Di'jnodocus, Esper, Ausl. Schmett., p. 205, pi. 51, f. i.
Ranges from Western Tropical Africa to the Cape of Good Hope.

Genus Callidryas, Boisduval.
Callidryas (char, emend.), Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. D.
Lep., p. 66. Catopsilia (Hiibner), W. F. Kirby, Syn. Cat.,
p. 481 (baud recte).

2. (i) Callidryas Swainsonii, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land,

ed. I, App. p. 335 (1881).
Colias Pyrene, Swainson, Zool. Ill, i. pi. 51 (not of Lin-
naeus, which is an Indian species, belonging to the genus
Thestias, Boisduval.)
Callidryas Pyrene, Butler, Lep. Exot., p. 44, pi. 16, f. 8-10.
Callidryas Florella, Boisduval ; Trimen, /. c. p. 68 ; but not
of Fabricius nor Donovan, Nat. Repos., iii. pi. 90.
Many individuals of this species were taken at the Motlautsi River,
varying in having the black spot of the disk of the fore wings, and
the orange spots on the under side of the hind wings. A specimen
from Guinea, received by Mr. Hope from Mr. Westermann of Copen-
hagen as the Florella, Fabricius, is identical with the South African
specimens of Swainson's species. The type specimen described by
P'abricius, drawn by Jones (Icones, ii., Dan. Cand. pi. 5, f. 3, 4),

1 More recently regarded as a moth.

2 M. Oberthiir has recently described an Abyssinian insect of the IMcropc form with sexes
similar, as in Madagascar, which he calls Pafdlio Antinorii.

ENTOMOLOGY 343

and copied by Donovan, is from Sierra Leone, and was, and still is, in
the Banksian Collection. C. Swainsonii is very widely dispersed.

3. (2) Callidryas Rhadia, Boisduval ; Trimen, /. c. p. 69.

Callidryas Castalia^ Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. D. Lep.,
p. 68 (not of Fabricius).
Two specimens captured at Tati. The Rev. H. Rowley sent it from
the Zambesi to the Oxford Museum.

Genus Teracolus, Swainson.

4. (i) Teracolus subfasciatus, Swainson, Zool. 111., ser. 2, Ins.

pi. 115^; Boisduval ; Trimen, /. c. pp. 58, 331.
Ptychopteryx Boheviani^ Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 18.
Originally described from the Burchell Collection now at Oxford.
Six specimens from Tati. The species appears to be very rare, as in
1862 Mr. Trimen had not seen an individual. The female has the ex-
tremity of the fore wings brilliant orange-red, but variable in the inten-
sity of the colour, instead of pale orange-yellow, as figured by Swainson.

5. (2) Teracolus Agoye, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 15;

Trimen, /. c. p. 325.
Anthocharis EospJwrus, Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soc Lond., ser.
3, i. p. 523 (1863).
One specimen ; locality not noted.

Genus Pieris (auctt.)

6. (i) Pieris Mesentina, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 270, f A, B ; Godart ;

Boisduval ; Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 35.
Papilio Aarota, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iii. pt. i. p. 197.
Many specimens taken at Bamangwato, the Motlautsi River, Tati,
Gubuluwayo, Inyati (November 30, 1873), the Gwailo River, and at or
near the Victoria Falls.

7. (2) Pieris Severina, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 338, f G, H ; Godart ;

Boisduval ; Trimen, /. c. p. 32.
Two specimens, of unrecorded locality.

Genus Idmais, Boisduval.

8. (i) Idmais Eris, Klug, Symbol. Phys., pi. 6, f. 15, 16; Boisduval;

Reiche in Ferret and Galinier's Voy. Abyss., iii. p. 460,
pi. 31, f 1-3 ; Trimen, /. c. p. 59.
Var. Jd?nais Fatma, Felder, Novara-Reise, Lep. ii. p. 189
pi. 25, f 3.
Tati ; and the Ramakwebani River, July 29, 1874.

9. (2) Idmais Vesta.? Reiche in Ferret and Galinier's Voy. Abyss.

iii. p. 463, pi. 31, f. 7, 8 (not of Trimen, /. c. p. 62,
= Idmais Chrysonome, Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. D.
Lep., pi. 7, f. 5 ; nor of Klug nor Boisduval.)

1 The name of this species is accidentally omitted in the classified index of the second
scries of Swainson's ' Illustrations' ; and Mr. Trimen complains that the plate is not in the
copy of the work in the Public Library at Cape Town, having been probably omitted by the
binder from not appearing in the classified index.

344 APPENDIX.

The specimens collected by Mr. Oates have the base of all the
wings on the upper side broadly white, the remainder ochreous buff,
with a large dark brown spot at the extremity of the discoidal cell of
the fore wings, a dark brown, very irregular bisinuated fascia running
across the fore wings beyond the middle, and extending across the
middle of the hind wings, nearly reaching the anal angle ; the outer
margin of the fore wings is dark brown, with two rows of ochreous buff
spots, the outer ones small ; the outer margin of the hind wings is
brown, inwardly dentated, with a marginal row of ochre spots. Be-
neath, the fore wings are bright orange-yellow at the base, yellow in
the middle, with the apex and the entire hind wings brownish ochre,
the markings of the fore wings ill defined, and with three obscure
bands across the hind wings. In the female the ground colour of the
upper surface of the wings is uniformly pale yellowish buff The
fascia across the hind wings separates this species from /. Chrysonome,
Doubleday (/. Vesta., Trimen). M. Reiche's figure apparently represents
a larger and more suffused insect, the under side especially being more
variegated, and the ground colour of the hind wings bright yellow.

Genus Tachyris, Wallace.

10. (i) Tachyris Agathina, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 237, f. D, E ;

Godart ; Boisduval ; Trimen, /. c. p. 28; Hopfifer in
Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 351, pi. 21, f. 11, 12.
Pieris Thysa, Hopfifer, Ber. Akad. Berl., 1855, p. 639 ; id. in
Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 349, pi. 21, f. 7-10.
Near the Victoria Falls in January.

Genus Callosune, Doubleday.

11. (i) Callosune Eupompe, Klug, Symb. Phys., pi. 6, f. 11-14;

Boisduval ; Trimen, /. c p. 45.
Papilio Evippe, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. gi, f D, E (not of

Linnaeus).
Pontia Acaste, Klug, Symb. Phys., pi. 7, f. 16, 17 .''
Pieris Polycaste, Boisduval, Sp. Gen., i. p. 525 ?
Anthopsyche Theoponipe, Felder, Novara-Reise, Lep. ii. p. 183.
Motlautsi River, August 1873 ; Tati.

12. (2) Callosune Danae, Fabricius ; Donovan, Ins. India, pi. 26,

f. 2 ; Boisduval ; Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. D. Lep.,
pi. 7, f. 2 ; Trimen, /. c. p. 44.
Papilio Eborea, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 352, i. C-F.
Teracolus cinerasce7is, Butler, Cist. Ent., i. p. 172 (1873); 'tl.
Proc. Zool. Soc, 1876, p. 155.
This handsome species inhabits Natal, Damara Land, Ceylon,
Bengal, Madras. Male, Inyati (November 30, 1873) ; females, near
the Gwailo River (October 19, 1873) ^.nd Impakwe River (February
12, 1874).

ENTOMOLOG V. 34 5

13. (3) Callosune Evippe, Linnaeus; Clerck, Icones, pi. 40, f. 5 ;

Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 91, f. F, G ; Godart ; Boisduval ;
Lucas, Exot. Lep., pi. ^7, f. i.
Tati ; and between Inyati and Gubuluwayo, December i, 1873.

14. (4) Callosune Omphale, Godart ; Boisduval ; Trimen, /. c.

p. 50.
Near the Victoria Falls in January.

15. (5) Callosune Antigone, Boisduval, Sp. Gdn., p. 572 ; Trimen,

/. c. p. 52.
Both sexes, Ramakwebani River, February 14, 1874 ; also females
at the Gwailo River in October. These females have no orange on
the upper side of the fore wings.

16. (6) Callosune Casta, Gerstaecker, Arch. f. Nat., xxxvii. pt. i,

P- 357 (187 1); id. in v. d. Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika,
iii. pt. 2, Ent. p. 365, pi. 15, f. i, la.
Taken at Tati.

17. (7) Callosune Keiskamma, Trimen, /. c. p. 56, pi. 2, f. 3, 4.

Van Anthopsyche Topha, Wallengren, Wien. Ent. Mon., iv.

P- 34-
Ramakwebani River, July 28, 1874. Mr. Kirby cites Klug's Potiiia
Evarne (Symb. Phys., pi. 6, i. 1-4) as identical with this species, but
the rounded fore wings of the male, with the black exterior margin, and
the submarginal row of black spots on the hind wings, at once separate
these two insects. See the observations of Mr. Weale on this subject
(Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 273).

18. (8) Callosune inornata, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land,

ed. I, App. p. 338 (1881).

Alis supra albis, basi nigro parum pulverosis, anticis macula trigona
distincta apicali aurantia : alis anticis infra albis apice albido-lutes-
centi, intus magis brunnea ; alis posticis lutescenti-albidis, linea recta
longitudinali media pauUo obscuriori. Expans. alar, antic, lin. 19.

The locality of this very simply coloured species is not recorded.

19. (9) Callosune Tone, Godart; Boisduval; Lucas, Exot. Lep.,

pi. 37, f. 4 ; Reiche in Ferret and Galinier's Voy. Abyss.,
iii. p. 457, pi. 30, f 1-8 ; Hopffer in Peters's Reise Mos-
samb., Zool. v. p. 357, pi. 21, f 1-6 ; Trimen, /. c. p. 43.
Anthopsyche speciosa, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 16.
Anthocharis Erone, Angas, Kafirs 111., pi. 30, f. 3.
Two males, taken at Tati.

The species of this genus, in which the males have the extremity
of the fore wings marked with a brilliant blue or pale purple patch,
are so closely allied as to suggest the possibility of their being geo-
graphical sub-species ; they appear, however, to be constant in their
characteristic markings, and the females are even more distinct than

346 APPENDIX.

the males, which are generally so unlike the females that their sexual
relations might readily be questioned.

In the male specimens of C. lone, captured by Mr. Gates at Tati,
the fore wings have the faintest trace of a very minute black discoidal
dot, a brilliant silky purple subapical patch, the apex itself black, and
the inner edge margined with black, which is slightly scalloped. The
hind wings are pure white, with delicate black veins, without any
discoidal spot. On the under side the fore wings have the minute
discoidal dot, and the apical patch is replaced by pale greyish buff,
with a slightly defined darker inner margin ; the veins of the hind
wings are not black, the basal half of the costa is orange, with a short
brownish transverse dash, near the middle of the costa, extending only
to the first branch of the subcostal vein ; the remainder of the wing
white. One of Mr. Oates's specimens is very small (if inch in the
expanse of the fore wings), with the black veins excessively slender.

20. (10) Callosune regina, Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. 3,

i. p. 520 (1863); Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed.

I, App. p. 399, pi. E, f. 9, 10 (1881). (Plate V., figs. 9, 10.)
The males have the veins of the fore wings, beyond the middle,
very slender and black, and with a very minute discoidal dot. The
female of this species, represented for the first time in the former
edition of this work, as cited above, has the wings on the upper
side white, with the veins concolorous ; a large black round spot at
the extremity of the discoidal cell, and a large purple-red subapical
spot, down the middle of which is a richer shade of purple, edged
internally with blackish brown, the apex and apical margin being of
the latter colour ; the base of the wings is slightly powdered with
greyish scales, and there are two minute dusky dots towards the inner
angle of the fore wings. On the under side the purple patch of the
fore wings is replaced by dirty pale buff, having an oblique row of five
pale black spots, and the hind wings are slightly fleshy buff coloured,
finely freckled all over with pale brown irrorations, with a discoidal
spot, and a curved row of oblong spots beyond the middle of the wing,
of pale brown ; the costal margin is slightly fulvous at its base. The
expansion of the fore wings is i-f-^ inches. Taken at Tati.

A male, in the Hopeian collection, from the Zambesi, has the hind
wings marked along the outer margin with black dots at the extremity
of the longitudinal veins.

21. (11) Callosune Theogone, Boisduval ; Trimen, Rhop. Afr.

Austr., p. 51.
One specimen ; locality not recorded.

22. (12) Callosune Buxtoni, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1876, p. 130;

Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i, App. p. 340,
pi. E, f. 7, 8 (1881). (Plate V., figs. 7, 8.)
The female (or rather the reputed female) of this species here
figured differs from the male in having a large orange patch at the

ENTOMOLOGY. 347

extremity of the fore wings, which are white with a slight yellowish
tinge ; a minute discoidal black dot and a curved row of brown spots
within the orange mark, those towards the costa being most indistinct ;
the inner margin of the orange mark is also brownish, as is the apex
itself and the apical margin, the brownish margin terminating near
the hinder angle in a brownish spot ; the hind wings are uniformly
white, with the extremity of the veins towards the outer angle more
or less dusky. On the under side the orange spot of the fore wings
wants both the inner and apical dark edging, and bears a curved row
of brown spots ; the hind wings are very pale fleshy buff, and very
delicately freckled, with a bar of darker brown extending from the
middle of the costa to the median vein, where it is curved backwards ;
there is also a brown dot on a small whitish spot near the extremity
of the discoidal cell. The female varies from i| to 2| inches in the
expansion of the fore wings. Taken at Tati.

23- (13) Callosune Evenina, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Cafifr., p. 12;

Trimen, /. c. p. 322 ; id. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1870, p.

380, pi. 6, f. II.
One specimen (locality not noted), with the black markings on the
upper surface of the wings much less diffused than in the figure given
by Mr. Trimen ; possibly a male. Another specimen in Burchell's
African collection, in the Hopeian Museum, has the large dark spot
on the fore wings extending over the discoidal cell, but the hind wings
are almost unspotted.

24. (14) Callosune Eione, Boisduval, Sp. Gdn., p. 578.

One broken specimen, without locality, is very closely allied to the
insects noticed above, as C. Antigone, Boisduval.

25. (15) Callosune pseudetrida, Westwood in Oates's Matabele

Land, ed. i, App. p. 340 (1881).

Alls supra pallide flavescentibus, apice fusco cum serie subapicali
macularum 6 aurantiacarum, puncto minuto nigro discoidali, nubilaque
parva fusca ante angulum posticum ; alis posticis serie marginali
macularum conoidearum fuscis (versus angulum analem interdum
obsoletis) nubila parva pone medium costse, fasciaque valde abbreviata
pone medium disci versus angulum externum, pallide fuscis : alis
anticis infra pallide flavescentibus, apice alisque posticis luteo-albidis ;
anticis striga obsoleta et obliqua fuscescenti versus apicem, posticis
punctis duobus fuscescentibus pone medium disci versus angulum
externum. Expans. alar, antic, unc. i, lin. 5.

Affinis C. Dai7-ce, Klug, et praesertim C. Etridce, Boisduval (Indias
orientalis incolje).

Habitat prope Tati.

The orange subapical spots in the male are dilated into a broader
yellow fascia in the female.

348 APPENDIX.

26. (16) Callosune confusa. (Plate V., figs. 3, 4.)

Callosune Wallengrenii^ Westwood in Oates's Matabele

Land, ed. i, App. p. 341, pi. E, f. 3, 4 (1881); Butler,

MS. in Brit. Mus. olim (not Teracohis Wallengrenii,

var., Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1876, p. 157.)

Alis supra albis ; anticarum apice late aurantiaco ; puncto dis-

coidali, striga angulata guttarum fuscarum pone medium apiceque

fusco, intus ad venas angulatim producto ; alis posticis pone medium

fascia abbreviata e maculis fuscis formata, margineque postico fusco-

maculato. Expans. alar, antic, unc. i/^.

Habitat ad ripas Tauani fluv. ; mense Augusto capta.

The wings on the upper side are white, with a slight yellow tinge,
the apical half being of a fine orange-red colour ; the base is suffused
with brown scales ; a round black dot is placed at the extremity of
the discoidal cell, in front of which the costa is dusky ; half-way
between the cell and the apex is an oblique row of four brown spots,
succeeded by a larger one, extending more towards the base of the
wing, which is followed by a double spot towards the middle of the
hind margin ; the apical margin is brown, which colour extends
upwards along the veins, forming a row of brown teeth, the largest of
which is at the end of the first branch of the median vein : the hind
wings are powdered with brown scales at the base ; beyond the
middle of the wing is a curved row of brown spots, extending from
the costa to the middle ; also a row of brown spots along the
outer margin. On the under side the fore wings are suffused with
orange, preceding the row of subapical spots, the apical portion being
buff", which is also the colour of the hind wings, which have a white
spot in the centre surrounded by a brown ring, and followed by a
curved row of pale brown spots, rather more dilated and somewhat
ocellated in the middle of the row ; the apical margin of all the wings
is destitute of the brown markings of the upper side.

Mr. Butler's short description of Teracohis WaUciigre7iii and its
varieties (Proc. Zool. Soc, 1876, p. 157) differs from Mr. Oates's
insect described above, in having the orange extremity of the fore
wings bordered internally with black.

27. (17) Callosune Ramaquebana, Westwood in Oates's Matabele

Land, ed. i, App. p. 341, pi. E, f. 5, 6 (1881). (Plate V.,

figs. 5,6.)
Parvus alis supra albis, albo-cihatis anticis plaga maxima fusca
marginis postici, puncto nigro discoidali, apiceque late fusco, serie
macularum fulvarum inclusa ; alis posticis basi fuscis, margine postico
late fusco, serie macularum albarum plus minusve confluentium, prse-
sertim versus angulum analem, inclusa : alis subtus flavido-tinctis,
dosticis puncto minuto discoidali nigro, flavo supra tincto. Fcem.
supra absque colore fulvo. Expans. alar, antic, unc. 1-3-.

ENTOMOLOGY. ' 349

. Habitat prope Ramakwebani (Ramaqueban) fluv. ; mense Febru-
ario capta.

This pretty little species is nearly allied to C. Etrida and C. Eione,
but differs in its characteristic markings. On the upper side the
wings of the male are white, with a very slight yellowish tinge ; the
anterior have a large brown patch occupying the greater portion
of the posterior margin, and extending over the greater part of the
discoidal cell, at the extremity of which is a small round black spot ;
the extremity of the wing is very broadly brown, the dark colour
commencing on the costal margin in front of the discoidal spot,
and extending nearly to the posterior angle of the wing, where it
is much narrowed, especially in the spaces between the anal vein
and the first and second branches of the median vein, reaching con-
siderably more forward between the second and third branches of
the latter, so as nearly to unite with the truncated extremity of the
large brown patch ; the brown apex of the wing bears a row of five
fulvous oval spots, the hind one of which is ill defined and less strongly
coloured : the hind wings are brown at the base, and beyond the
middle they are marked with a curved irregular brown bar, which is
partially connected with the brown spotted hind margin of the wing,
having a row of white spots between them, which become larger and
more or less confluent, especially towards the anal angle. On the
under side the fore wings are tinged with yellow, especially towards
the tips, the large brown markings of the upper side being nearly
obsolete : the hind wings are also yellowish, with a faint dusky fascia
beyond the middle, with a black discoidal spot surmounted with
yellow scales ; the costa at the base is bright yellow, and the fringe
of all the wings is white. The female is slightly larger, with the
brown markings more suffused, the orange spots of the fore wings
obsolete, and replaced by brown, and the white submarginal spots of
the hind wings almost obliterated and replaced with brown.

Genus Terias, Swainson.
Ejirema, Kirby, Syn. Cat., p. 441 (baud recte).

28. (i) Terias Rahel, Fabricius ; Godart ; Boisduval ; Trimen,

Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 76.
Var.? Terias Caffra, Felder, Novara-Reise, Lep. ii. p. 213.
Var. ? Terias Drona, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 19
(not of Horsfield).
Ramakwebani River, February ; near the Victoria Falls in January ;
and near the Dry River, beginning of March.

29. (2) Terias Zoe, Hopffer, Ber. Akad. Berl., 1855, p. 640; id. in

Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 369, pi. 23, f 10, 11 ;
female.

35° APPENDIX.

Mas. Alis supra minus saturate atomosis, posticis limbo nigro
omnino carentibus et unicoloribus.

Habitat ad marg. Ramakwebani fluv. ; mense Februario capta.

30. (3) Terias Seruli, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i,

App. p. 342 (1881).

Alis supra pallide flavis, anticis apice macula trigona fusca intus
parum curvata integra, ante angulum posticum desinente ; angulo ex-
treme apicali pallescenti ; alis posticis immaculatis : alis anticis subtus
flavis, costa, apice, absque posticis carneo-lutescentibus, omnibus im-
maculatis. Expans. alar, antic, fere \\ unc.

Habitat ad ripas Seruli fluv. ; mense Augusto capta.

Family Acr^id^e.
Genus Acr^ea, Fabricius.

31. (i) ACR^A Atergatis, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed.

I, App. p. 342, pi. F, f. I, 2 (1881). (Plate VL, figs, i, 2.)
Alis supra rufo-aurantiis, nigro-maculatis, anticis apice nigro et
sub apicem nigro-lineatis margine apicali omnium nigro. Expansio
alar, antic, unc. 2xV.

Habitat prope "Victoria Falls"; mense Januario capta.
The upper side of the wings is of a rich orange -red colour, the
base of all the wings slightly powdered with black atoms ; a black
spot is placed in the middle of the cell of the fore wings, followed by
a smaller transverse one at the extremity of the cell ; at a little distance
beyond the cell is a short black, rather oblique fascia, formed of five
more or less confluent spots, the innermost being incurved and placed
between the 2d and 3d branches of the median vein ; this last spot
is succeeded by two other spots, the three being parallel with the
apical margin of the wing ; there is also a minute round dot towards
the base of the wing behind the basal part of the median vein, and
two small dots near the inner angle ; the veins are black in the apical
part of the wing, with the interstices between the veins marked with
slender black lines, the margin itself as well as the apex of the wing
being also black ; the hind wings are marked with twelve round black
spots, the six outer ones arranged in a very waved line ; the margin is
also black. On the under side the fore wings are of a more rosy tint,
except towards the apex, where they are more orange ; the spots of the
upper side are here reproduced : the hind wings on this side are more
variegated ; the black spots are more numerous, being about 18 in
number, several close to the base of the wing being visible, which are
not seen on the upper side ; the spots are placed on pale greyish buff
spaces, which gives them an ocellated appearance ; and the outer margin
of the wing is pale greyish buff with a very slender black marginal
line, preceded by very slender black lunules, the veins rather thickened
and black along the margin, the spaces between the veins being rosy
red in the part of the wing between the terminal row of spots and the

ENTOMOLOGY. 351

lunulas. AntenricE black ; palpi fulvous, with the last joint black ;
body black, spotted with white and rose-colour; legs fulvous, tarsi
black ; abdomen, above black with thin yellowish edges to the seg-
ments, each of which has two fulvous spots, beneath fulvous with two
rows of black specks.

Another specimen, which I cannot distinguish specifically from the
preceding, was also taken at the Victoria Falls in January 1875, and
has the upper surface of the wings rather brighter orange-red, with two
minute additional black dots within the discoidal cell, at about half
its length from the base, and with the abdomen orange-fulvous, the
three basal segments on the upper side being alone black, varied with
orange. The apical margin of the fore wings in this specimen is not
so rounded as in the other with the spotted abdomen, which is evidently
a female, the probability being that the male has the wings rather less
rounded and the abdomen not spotted.

32. (2) ACR^A Atolmis, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i,
App. p. 343, pl. F, f. 3, 4 (1881). (Plate VI., figs. 3, 4-)

Alis supra aurantiacis basi nigricantibus, maculis nigris minutis
notatis, anticarum apice venis nigris margineque tenuissimo nigro
maculaque postica prope angulum posticum posita. Expans. alar.
antic, unc. \\\.

Habitat prope " Victoria Falls " ; mense Januario capta.

This species is smaller than the preceding, with the various black
markings very small, the interspaces of the apical portion of the fore
wings not striolated with black, and the posterior spot of the fore wings
placed just between the preceding spot and the hind angle of the
wing. The upper surface of the wings is uniformly orange, with the
basal half rather redder, the base itself being suffused with black
scales ; within the discoidal cell is a small kidney-shaped black spot,
followed by a narrow oblique one at the extremity of the cell ; behind
this (between the ist and 2d branches of the median vein) is another
spot, and between the latter and the posterior angle of the wing is a
third, the three forming nearly a straight row ; beyond the discoidal
cell is a short oblique row of small black dots, between which and the
apical margin of the wing the veins are black : the hind wings have
a small black dot within the discoidal cell, and a curved row of six
small black dots across the wing close to the extremity of the cell ;
the hind margin is very slenderly black, and the veins also have their
apical portions black. The wings beneath are of a uniform rosy
bufif-colour, with the black spots more numerous and distinct than
above, the hind wings having about 18 small but distinct ones, those
at the base and near the anal margin not visible above ; the apical
margin of all the wings is very slenderly black, the hind wings having
no trace of the lunular markings of the preceding and following species.
Body black, sides of thorax with yellowish buff spots ; abdomen buff,
with the basal segments dusky above.^

1 In the engraving the apical margin of the fore wings is represented rather too much
rounded.

352 APPENDIX.

33. (3) ACR^A AxiNA, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i,
App. p. 344, pl- F, f. 5, 6 (1881). (Plate VI., figs. 5, 6.)

Alis supra luteo-fulvis, nigro-maculatis, posticis magis aurantiacis ;
anticarum apice, lineolisque abbreviatis apicalibus (inter venas) nigri-
cantibus ; alis posticis maculis minoribus, exterioribus lineam irregu-
larem multo pone medium alae formantibus, margine externo nigro.
Expans. alar, antic, unc. if.

Habitat prope Tati et Gwailo fluv. ; mense Octobre capta.

This small species has the upper side of the fore wings rather dirty
luteo- fulvous, that of the hind wings being brighter coloured. The
extremity of the fore wings and the narrow apical margin are black,
and the interspaces between the veins near the apex of the wings are
marked with slender abbreviated black lines, leaving a narrow paler
space beyond the fascia ; the five spots between the base and the
middle of the wings are strongly marked, and the abbreviated oblique
black fascia beyond the cell is more continuous : the hind wings have
the black spots also well marked, the outer ones forming an irregular
row considerably beyond the middle of the wing, the central spot
especially being not far from the black marginal border. On the under
side the fore wings are slightly rosy, the apical portion being more
buff with the spaces between the veins orange ; the black spots on
this side are not so strongly marked as above : the hind wings are
more pale buff, with the spaces between the veins strongly marked
with rose-colour, the black spots resting on pale spaces, giving them
an ocellated appearance ; the very narrow black outer margin of
these wings is preceded by a series of small black arches, including
a row of pale yellow spots. The palpi, head, and sides of the body are
coloured as in the preceding species ; the abdomen in one of our
specimens is broken off, but in the other it is pale buff, with the upper
side of the basal segments black, with two pale dots, indicating (as
well as the shape of the fore wings) this individual (represented in our
figures) to be of the male sex.

In his new work on 'South African Butterflies' (vol. i. pp. 147,
148) Mr. Trimen considers this insect to be merely a variety oi Acrcea
Doubledayi, Gu^rin in Lefebvre's Voy. Abyss., vi. p. 378 ; Reiche in
Ferret and Galinier's Voy. Abyss., iii. p. 468, pi. 33, f. i, 2 ; but the
type specimens of A. Axi?ia have the fore wings on the upper side
much more uniformly coloured and entirely destitute of the white
portion beyond the row of post-median black spots, and the spots on
the hind wings are also differently disposed.

^t*» The orange and rosy tints described above are almost obliterated in one of the two
specimens, most probably from longer exposure in the winged state, i

1 [In some impressions of the plates in the first edition of this work the figure of the under-
side of yJ. Axina was coloured from the paler specimen.— Ed.]

ENTOMOLOGY. 353

34. (4) ACR^A ACONTIAS, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land,

ed. I, App. p. 345, pl- F, f. 7, 8 (1881). (Plate VI.,
figs. 7, 8.)

Alis supra obscure fusco-rufis, nigro-maculatis, maculis 4 in medio
alarum anticarum, fascia abbreviata maculari, margine apicali late
venisque apicalibus nigris ; alis posticis basi maculisque submediis
lineam irregularem formantibus, margineque postico cum venis nigris.
Expans. alar, antic, unc. i^.

Habitat prope "Victoria Falls" ; mense Januario capta.

The dull brownish red colouring of the upper side of the wings
distinguishes this species. The fore wings are marked near the
base, behind the middle of the cell, with a small black dot, followed
by four rather large spots of the same colour, placed so as to form an
oblique triangle ; beyond the cell is the ordinary abbreviated fascia,
formed of four black spots, which is succeeded by a narrow paler
buff space, the apex being traversed by black veins, the extremity of
the anterior margin and the whole of the apical margin being also
black : the hind wings have a suffused black spot near the base, the
middle of the wing being crossed by zigzag rows of small but nearly
uniform black spots ; the outer margin is black, as are the veins
beyond the middle of the wing. On the under side the fore wings
are more rosy-coloured from the base to the abbreviated fascia, be-
yond which they are paler buff, with orange stripes between the veins :
the hind wings have the black dots smaller but more numerous than
on the upper side, there being about 20 on each wing, the ground
colour of which is buff, with the spaces between the veins in the
basal portion rosy, but beyond the cell they are marked with longi-
tudinal orange stripes between the veins ; the outer margin is very
narrowly black, preceded by a very narrow black line parallel with
the margin. The body is black, much spotted at the sides below the
wings with buff and rosy ; the abdomen is orange, marked above
with black fasciae, forming more or less incomplete lateral circular
spots ; the ventral surface yellow, with two rows of black spots. The
apical margin of the fore wings is but slightly convex, but the
spotting of the abdomen indicates the specimen to be a female.

35. (5) ACR^A Aglaonice, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land,

ed. I, p. 346, pi. F, f. 9, 10 (August 1881); Trimen, S.
Afr. Butt., i. p. 151, pi. 3, f 3. (Plate VL, figs. 9, 10.)
Acrcea fenestrata, Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881
(September), p. 435.
Alis supra rufo-puniceis, anticis apicem versus magis aurantiacis,
macula fenestrata bipartita subapicali notatis, nigro-maculatis, venis
apicalibus nigris ; posticis maculis minutis margineque latiori apicali
nigris. Expans. alar, antic, unc. 2-fV.
Habitat prope Tati.

354 APPENDIX.

This species has the upper surface of the wings more richly
coloured than any of the others captured by Mr. Oates, being of an
orange-carmine colour, especially in the hind wings. The fore wings
are marked half-way between the end of the discoidal cell and the tip
of the wings with a square vitreous spot, through which runs a veinlet
dividing it into two parts ; the base of the wings, especially in the
hind parts, is irrorated with black scales ; the discoidal cell has a
rather large oval black spot beyond its middle, followed by a smaller
lunate one at the extremity of the cell, beyond which is an oblique
row of five conjoined black dots ; another round black spot is placed
towards the base of the wing behind the median vein, and two other
circular ones behind the extremity of the cell placed transversely ;
the veins at the extremity of the wings are slenderly black : the
hind wings are marked with about lo minute black dots (varying,
however, in size), and the hind margin of the wing is rather broadly
edged with black. On the under side the fore wings are rosy-coloured,
with the spots of the upper side, including the vitreous spot, repro-
duced : the hind wings are greyish buff, with the spaces between the
veins varied with rosy at the base and along the anal margin, and with
rich orange between the middle of the wing and the row of submar-
ginal black lunules, which latter rest upon a narrow yellowish buff
margin ; the spots on this side, about 17 in number, are distinct, ap-
pearing partially ocellated. Body black, with rosy spots behind the
eyes and on the sides of the chest, which is also spotted with pale
buff; palpi orange, terminal joint black; legs orange, tarsi black;
abdomen broken off.

The unique specimen of this species collected by Mr. Oates has
the abdomen mutilated, but the structure of the fore legs and the
shape of the fore wings prove that it is a male individual.

36. (6) ACR^A Stenobea, Wallengren, Wien. Ent. Mon., iv. p. 35
(i860); id. Ofvers. Vet. Akad. Forh., xxix. (3), p. 49 (1872);
Trimen, S. Afr. Butt, i. p. 153, pi. 3, f. 2. (Plate VI., figs.
II, 12.)
Acrcea Acronycta, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i,
App. p. 346, pi. F, f. II, 12 (1881).
Alis supra luteo-aurantiacis ; anticis triente basah fusco ; macula
ad apicem cellulae, pone medium alas fascia abbreviata maculari,
maculisque duabus posticis (margine postico parallelis) nigris ; alis
posticis magis albidis, ante medium nigro-maculatis, margineque
postico latiori nigro : subtus maculis magis distinctis margineque
albido-maculato. Expans. alar, antic, unc. i\.

Habitat ?

The upper surface of the wings (especially the hind pair) of this
species is whitish orange, the base being strongly suffused with dark
brown scales hiding the spots in that part ; one of these, near the
extremity of the discoidal cell, is visible, and the cell itself is closed

ENTOMOLOGY. 355

by a semicircular spot, followed at a short distance by an oblique
abbreviated black fascia formed of conjoined spots, of which the
hinder one is smallest and most distinct ; two other spots appear
on the disk of the wing behind the extremity of the cell, and are
placed nearly parallel with the apical margin, which is very narrowly
black and slightly concave : the hind wings have a somewhat more
suffused whitish hue than the anterior ; they are brown at the base,
and are marked before the middle with an irregular series of black
dots, followed by two minute ones beyond the middle ; the posterior
margin is widely black. On the under side the fore wings have five
black spots in the middle, followed by the abbreviated macular fascia :
the hind wings are more tinged with rose-colour than the anterior
ones, and are marked with about twelve black dots of different sizes ;
the posterior margin is pale yellowish white, surmounted by a row of
black arches, resting upon a very narrow black edging. The head
and body are black, spotted with pale buff, the sides of the thorax
beneath the wings with a reddish spot ; the abdomen is nearly white,
the basal segments on the upper side black, with a pair of round
white dots.

n. (7) AcRiEA Caldarena, Hewitson, Ent. M. Mag., xiv. p. 52

(1877) ; Trimen, S. Afr. Butt., i. p. 149. (Plate V., figs, i, 2.)

Acrcea Amphimalla^ Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land,

ed. I, App. p. 347, pi. E, f. I, 2 (188 1 ).
Var. Acrcea DtrC(Xa, Westwood, /. <:., p. 348.

Alis supra fulvo vel puniceo luteis nigro-guttatis, anticarum apice
late nigro triangulariter terminata, posticarum margine apicali e
lunulis nigris, maculis concoloribus inclusis, notato. Expans. alar,
antic, unc. i|-2^V

Habitat prope Tati, et marg. Motlautsi fluv. ; mense Maio capta.

This very distinct species has the wings on the upper side of a buff
colour, varying from dull orange to reddish ; the black spots are of
small size, and the fore wings have the apex broadly and triangularly
black, whilst the hind wings have the slender apical outer black
margin preceded by a series of slender depressed black arches enclos-
ing spots of the ground colour of the wing ; the ordinary black spot
in the middle of the discoidal cell is sometimes preceded by a smaller,
more or less slightly marked, dot, behind which is another small one ;
the cell is partially closed by a small oblique black spot, followed at
some distance by a row of four small spots placed obliquely, and there
are two other small spots between the middle of the wing and the
posterior angle, the outer one being occasionally duplicated ; in the
hind wings the black spots, about twelve in number, are of nearly
uniform small size. On the under side the black apex of the upper
side is replaced by the ground colour of the rest of the wing, the spaces
between the veins being more strongly marked with orange stripes :
the hind wings are buff-coloured, with the spaces between the veins

356 APPENDIX.

in the basal portion marked with red, having the black dots (about
twenty in number) surrounded with buff, whilst in the apical half of
the wing the intervening spaces are more orange ; the black arches
preceding the slender outer black edging are marked more distinctly
than on the upper side. The head and body are spotted as in the
preceding species.

Several specimens of this insect in Mr. Oates's collection from the
above localities were described in the first edition of this book as a
separate species, under the name of A. Dirccea; but they are too
closely allied to A. Caldarena (with which they are united by Mr.
Trimen) to be regarded as specifically distinct, the chief difference
being that the types of A. Dirccea have only nine small black spots
on the upper side of the fore wings. The following is the descrip-
tion of A. Dirccea which was given in the first edition of the present
work (p. 348) :—

"Alis supra fulvis, puniceo interdum tinctis ; anticarum apice late
nigris maculisque 9 parvis nigris, 4 in lineam obliquam pone medium
positis ; alis posticis maculis circiter 14 parvis nigris discoidalibus,
margine tenui nigro fulvo-maculato : alis subtus pallidioribus, apice
anticarum lutescenti, fulvo-strigoso ; maculis nigris parum majoribus
prssertim in ahs posticis, interstitiis rubro-maculatis. Expans. alar,
antic, unc. 2.

'•'•A. OnccEa, Hopffer, affinis, sed apice lato nigro alarum anti-
carum optime distinguitur."

38. (8) ACR^A Natalica, Boisduval in Delegorgue's Voy. Afr.

Austr., ii. p. 590 ; Hopffer in Peters's Reise Mossamb.,
Zool. V. p. 371, pi. 23, f. 12, 13; Trimen, S. Afr. Butt., i.
p. 155.
AcrcBa Bellua, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 22.
Acrcea Hypatia, var. B, Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 98.
A series of small specimens was taken at Tati, each measuring
only 2 inches in the expanse of the fore wings. A large specimen
(2I inches expanse) was taken near the Dry River in the beginning of
March, and one (25 inches expanse) was taken near the Motlautsi
River in August.

39. (9) AcRiEA AnemOSA, Hewitson, Ex. Butt., iii. Acr. pi. 3, f 14,

15 ; Trimen. S. Afr. Butt., i. p. 157.
Near the Umvungu River, end of October ; and near the Victoria
Falls in January.

40. (10) ACR^A Neobule, Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. D. Lep.,

pi. 19, f. 3 ; Reiche in Ferret and Galinier's Voy. Abyss.,
iii. p. 466, pi. 33, £ 3, 4 ; Trimen, S. Afr. Butt., i. p. 137.
Var. ? Acrcea Malida, Boisduval, Faune Madag., p. 31,
pi. 6, f. I.
Ramakwebani River, February 14, 1S74.

ENTOMOLOGY. 3 57

41. (11) ACR/EA Rahira, Boisduval, /. c. p. 33, pi. 5, f. 4, 5 ;

Tiimen, Rhop. Afr. Austn, p. 103 ; id. S. Afr. Butt., i. p. 166.
Taken on the Zambesi road, end of November.

Family Nymphalid^.
Genus Charaxes, Ochsenheimer.

42. (i) Charaxes Pelias, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 3, f. C, D ; Godart ;

Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 175 ; id. S. Afr. Butt., i. p.
331 ; Butler, Lep. Exot., p. 25, pi. 10, f. 5.
Near the Seruli River, August 19, 1873 ; and near the Victoria
Falls in January.

Genus Cynthia, Fabricius.

43. (i) Cynthia cardui, Linnaeus et auctt. ; Trimen, Rhop. Afr.

Austr., p. 119; id. S. Afr. Butt., i. p. 200.
Taken at the Indunas' Tree, near the Umvungu River, end of
November.

Genus Junonia, Hiibner.

44. (i) Junonia Clelia, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 21, f. E, F ; Trimen,

Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 128 ; id. S. Afr. Butt, i. p. 214.
Bamangwato, Ramakwebani River, Gubuluwayo, and near Tati.

45. (2) Junonia Cebrene, Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1870,

p. 353 ; id. S. Afr. Butt., i. p. 210.
Junonia CEnone, auctt. (part.) ; Trimen, Rhop. Afr, Austr.,
p. 125.
Tati, Ramakwebani River, and about the Matengwe River.

46. (3) Junonia Orithyia, Linnaeus ; Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 19, f. C,

D, pi. 32, f. E, F, and pi. 290, f. A, B ; Trimen, Rhop. Afr.

Austr., p. 327. Common in India, etc.

Var. (Africa Australis) Junonia Boopis, Trimen, Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond., 1879, P- 331 ; id. S. Afr. Butt., i. p. 217, pi. 4, f. 2.

This very variable species was taken near the Victoria Falls in

the month of January. The Hopeian collection also has it from

Sierra Leone.

47. (4) Junonia Oct a via, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 135, f. B, C ;

Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 130 ; id. S. Afr. Butt., i. p. 229.
Near the Victoria Falls in January.

48. (5) Junonia Natalica, Felder, Wien. Ent. Mon., iv. p. 106

(i860) ; Trimen, S. Afr. Butt., i. p. 238.
yjinonia Hecate, Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 140, pi. 3,
f. 6.
Near the Victoria Falls in January.

49. (6) Junonia Cloantha, Cramer, Pap. Ex,, pi. 338, f. A, B ;

Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 137 ; id. S. Afr. Butt., i.
p. 222.
Near the Dry River, middle of March.

2 B

358 APPENDIX.

Genus Diadema, Boisduval.

50. (i) Diadema Misippus, Linnaeus; Trimen, S. Afr. Butt., i.

p. 277.
Diadona Bolina, auctt. ; Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 153.
Var. foem. Papilio Inarta, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 214, f. A, B.
Near the Victoria Falls ; also from Sierra Leone, the Zambesi, and
Mauritius, in the Hopeian collection.

Genus Aterica, Boisduval.

51. (1) Aterica Meleagris, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 66, f. A, B ;

Drury, 111. Exot. Ent., iii. pi. 27, f. 3, 4 ; Trimen, Rhop.
Afr. Austr., p. 157.
Papilio DcEcialus, Fabricius ; Trimen, S. Afr. Butt., i. p. 309.
Indunas' Tree, near the Umvungu River, in November.

Genus Hypanis, Boisduval.

52. (i) Hypanis Ilithyia, Drury, 111. Exot. Ent., ii. pi. 17, f. 1,2;

Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 214, f. C, D ; Trimen, Rhop. Afr.
Austr., p. 214 ; id. S. Afr. Butt, i, p. 264, pi. 5, f. 4.
Tati, Ramakwebani River, Inkwisi River (March 1874), Dry River;
and Indunas' Tree, near the Umvungu River.

Family DANAlDiE.
Genus Danais, Latreille.

53. (i) Danais Chrysippus, Linnaeus; Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 118,

f. B, C ; Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 88 ; id. S. Afr. Butt.,
i. p. 51.
Indunas' Tree, near the Umvungu River ; and near Gubuluwayo
in December.

Family Satyrid^e.

Genus Cyllo, Boisduval.

54. (i) Cyllo Led a, Linneeus et auctt. ; Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr.

p. 186 ; id. S. Afr. Butt, i. p. 112.
An extremely variable species. The specimen from the Nata River
(beginning of December 1874) has an obscure fulvous subapical patch
bearing two black spots on the fore wings ; beneath, pale brown, with
dark brown fasciae, and scarcely any trace of ocelli on the hind wings.
Specimens from Ashanti are pale brown beneath, strongly freckled all
over with brown, and with large ocelli on the hind wings.

Genus Erebia, Dalman.

55. (i) Erebia Narycia, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 32 ;

Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 350, pi. 6, f. i ;
id. S. Afr. Butt. i. p. ^^ (not of Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr.,
p. 1(^2), = Pseudonympha Neita, Wallengren, Ofvers. Vet.
Akad. Forh. xxxiii. (i), p. 84, 1875).

ENTOMOLOGY. 3 59

Ramakwebani River, middle of March.

The two butterflies in Mr. Oates's collection to which the name of
Erebia Narycia is here assigned, are in very bad condition, but agree
in having the orange-red patch on the fore wings entirely beyond the
discoidal cell and of an oval form, narrowed towards the posterior
angle of the wing, and bearing, towards the apical angle, a round
black spot with two white dots in its middle, and surrounded by an
orange ring. The hind wings on the upper side also bear an obscure
orange-red patch beyond the middle, on which are two minute black
dots with a white speck in each. On the under side these spots are
replaced by three black ocelli in the middle towards the outer margin,
and another of the same kind towards the outer costal angle ; each
of these spots bears a minute white central speck, and is surrounded
by an orange ring, and this by a brown one, and they are enclosed on
a rather paler ground by a slender fulvous brown line, which is
strongly bisinuated between the third and outer ocelli in the smaller
of our two specimens. I consider that these two insects and several
of the nearly allied supposed species are local varieties of one widely
diffused variable species.

Genus Ypthima, Hiibner.

56. (i) Ypthima Nareda, Kollar in Hiigel's Kaschmir, iv. pt. 2,

p. 451 ; Hewitson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. 3, ii. p. 284,
pi. 17, f. 6, 7.
Near the Victoria Falls in January.

Genus Mycalesis, Hiibner.

57. (i) Mycalesis Victorina, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land,

ed. I, App. p. 350 (1881).

Sordide fusca, alis anticis pone medium nonnihil pallidioribus ;
ocellis duobus nigris ochreo anguste cinctis, singulo punctum album
includente subapicali multo minori ; posticis concoloribus lineis dua-
bus tenuibus submarginalibus pallidioribus serieque ocellorum ut in
anticis : alis subtus pallidioribus magis lutescentibus, fascia angusta
recta communi pone medium, anticis 2-posticis 7-ocellatis, ocellis valde
insequalibus, in posticis lineis pallidis valde sinuatis inclusis. Expans.
alar, antic, unc. if.

Affinis M. Eusiro, Hopffer in Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p.

393, Pl- 25, f- 3, 4-

Habitat prope "Victoria Falls ;" mense Januario capta.

This insect is doubtfully referred by Mr. Trimen (S. Afr. Butt., i.
p. 108) to AI. perspicua, Trimen (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 104,
pl. I, f. 3), but the type of M. Victorina has the ground colour of the
basal half of the wings unicolorous, without the slightest trace of the
close brown cross-hatching, and the two middle ocelli of the hind
wings beneath are as large as the larger one on the fore wings.

36o APPENDIX.

Family Lyc^nid^.^
Genus Amblypodia, Horsfield.

58. (i) Amblypodia Natalensis, Westwood and Hewitson, Gen. D.

Lep., pi. 75, f. 4 ; Hopffer in Peters's Reise Mossamb.,
Zool. V. p. 399? Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 227 ; id. S.
Afr. Butt, ii. p. 150.
Var. .? Spindasis Mastlikasi, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr.,
p. 45 ; Trimen, S. Afr. Butt., ii. p. 152.
Near the Victoria Falls in January.

59. (2) Amblypodia? Leroma, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 42 ;

Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 231 ; id. S. Afr. Butt., ii. p. 169.
Near Tati.

Genus Zeritis, Boisduval.

60. (i) Zeritis Perion, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 379, f. B, C ; Trimen,

Rhop. Afr. Austr. p. 267 ; Hopffer in Peters's Reise Mos-
samb., Zool. V. p. 403, pi. 26, f. 1-3.
Papilio Harpax, Fabricius ; Trimen, S. Afr. Butt., ii. p. 162.
Gubuluwayo, beginning of December.

61. (2) Zeritis Amanga, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i,

App. p. 351 (1881) ; Trimen, S. Afr. Butt., ii. p. 165, pi. 9, f. i.

Foem. Alis supra Icete rufo-aurantiacis ; anticis macula magna basali
nigra, costa pone medium margineque apicali nigris ; alis posticis, rufo-
aurantiacis, basi nigricantibus : alis subtus purpureo-rufis, anticarum
costa ad basim guttisque duabus parvis prope basim tertia parum
majori submedia, alteraque subapicali, argenteis ; posticis guttis per-
paucis argenteis vix notatis. Expans. alar, antic, unc. i\.

Habitat prope Gwailo fluv. ; mense Octobre capta.

The red basal half of the costa of the fore wings, the outwardly
angulated apical margin, the shorter hind wings, with both the anal
and outer margin emarginate near the tails, and the splendid silvery
base of the costa of the fore wings beneath, separate this insect from
Z. Perion.

Mas. (Zambesi, Rowley. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonis). Ahs anticis
supra fuscis, costa ad basim maculaque late trigona versus angulum
externum marginis postici rufis ; alis posticis rufis, basi venisque
versus angulum externum nigricantibus : ahs infra castaneo-rufis, costa
anticarum basi, guttisque tribus argenteis ut in fcemina, squamis per-
paucis argenteis in lineas transversas dispositis ; alis posticis strigis
tribus undulatis gracilibus obscurioribus guttisque nonnullis argenteis
prope caudam. Margo externus alarum anticarum in medio angulatus,
inter medium et angulum posticum emarginatus.

1 The generic arrangement of the Lycaenidae is in a very unsettled condition and requires
a general revision, which could only be effected advantageously in dealing v/'nh. a much larger
number of species than are represented in the present collection.

ENTOMOLOGY. 361

Genus Polyommatus, Latreille.

62. (i) Polyommatus Telicanus, Lang, Verz., ed. 2, p. 47; Hiibner,

Eur. Schmett., Pap. f. 371-2, 553-4; Godart ; Boisduval ;
Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr. p. 238 ; id. S. Afr. Butt., ii. p. 69.
Tati, the Gwailo River, and near the Victoria Falls.

63. (2) Polyommatus OTACiLiA,Trimen,Trans.Ent.Soc.Lond., 1868,

p. 90 ; id. S. Afr. Butt., ii. p. 102.

Near the Victoria Falls in January.

64. (3) Polyommatus Sybaris, Hopffer, Ber. Akad. Berl., 1855, p.

642 ; id. in Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 408, pi. 26,
f. 6-8 ; Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 242 ; id. S. Afr. Butt.,
ii. p. 85.
Near the Victoria Falls in January.

Genus Lyc^na, Fabricius.

65. (i) Lyc^na Parsimon, Fabricius ; Godart ; Boisduval ; Trimen,

S. Afr. Butt., ii. p. 18.
Papilio Celcsus, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 379, f K, K ; Trimen,

Rhop. Afr. Austr. p. 247.
Var. LyccEua Asteris, Godart; Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr.,

p. 40 ; Trimen, S. Afr. Butt, ii. p. 24.
Var. LyccBna Methymna, Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soc Lond.,

ser. 3, i. p. 280 (1862); id. S. Afr. Butt, ii. p. 27.
Male, Ramakwebani River, in February; female, Bamangwato,Tati.

66. (2) Lyc^na Jesous, Guerin in Lefebvre's Voy. Abyss., vi. p. 383,

pi. II, f. 3, 4; Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 39; Trimen,
Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 250 ; id. S. Afr. Butt., ii. p. 72.
Near the Gwailo River, October 12, 1873.

67. (3) LyC/ENA Asopus, Hopffer, Ber. Akad. Berl., 1855, p. 642 ; id.

in Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 410, pi. 26, f. 13-15 ;
Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 249; id. S. Afr., Butt, ii. p. 16.

68. (4) Lyc^na Holcias, Westwood.

Lyc(je7ia Lochias} Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed.

I, App. p. 352 (1881) ; not Lyc(X}iesihes Lochias^ Hewitson,

Lyctenidaa, p. 221, pi. 90, f. 7, 8 (1877), from Madagascar.

Alis supra fuscis purpureo parum squamosis ; posticis maculis dua-

bus inequalibus nigris colore pallidiori cinctis, submarginalibus, ciliis

albis : alis subtus pallide fuscis albidoque alternatim fasciatis ; posticis

macula nigra intus aurantiaco, extus argenteo, notata, alteraque simili

sed multo minori ad angulum analem, cauda nulla. Expans. alar.

antic, lin. 10.

Habitat ?

362 APPENDIX.

Genus Chrysophanus, Hiibner.

69. (i) Chrysophanus Lara, Linnseus ; Fabricius ; Trimen, Rhop.

Afr. Austr., p. 260; id. S. Afr. Butt., ii. p. 123.
Papilio Jolaus., Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 270, f. F, G.
Papilio Gorgias, Stoll, Suppl. Cramer, Pap. Ex. pi. 33, f. 5, ^d.

Family Hesperiid.e.
Genus Ismene, Swainson.

70. (i) Ismene Pisistratus, Fabricius ; Jones, Icones, vi. pi. 26,

f. I (typus in Mus. Brit.)^
Papilio Florestan, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 391, f. E, F ; Godart ;

Boisduval ; Trimen, Rhop. Afr. Austr., p. 318.
Var. Rliopalocampta [''a/;«(7r(i;;/,Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr.,

p. 48. Fascia alba latitudine ^quali absque maculis nigris.
Holfontein, July 13, 1873.

Genus Leucochitonea, Wallengren.

71. (i) Leucochitonea Levubu, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Cafifr., p. 52 ;

Trimen, /. c p. 306.
Near the Dry River, beginning of March.

Genus Caprona, Wallengren.

72. (i) Caprona Pillaana, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr., p. 51 ;

Trimen, /. c. p. 308.

Near Tati or the Gwailo River.

Genus Pamphila, Fabricius.

']'},. (i) Pamphila Ranoha, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land,
ed. I, App. p. 353 (1881).

Alis supra nigro-fuscis, costa prope basim fulvo-irrorata, fascia
fulva e basi marginis interni per medium alte extensa, sensim
dilatata et ante apicem alas desinente, maculam ovalem inter cellu-
1am et apicem nigram gerente, ciliis fulvis ; alis posticis fascia lata
irregulari pone medium fulva : alis subtis fulvis, anticis linea prope
basim, macula discoidali ovata strigaque subapicali ad angulum
analem sensim dilatata nigro-fuscis ; alis posticis fulvis nigi'o-guttatis,
guttis novem in lineas duas margine postico parallelas dispositis.
Expans. alar, antic, unc. \\.

Habitat prope "Victoria Falls ;" mense Januario capta.

1 The black mark extending from near the anal margin on the under side of the hind
wings was more divided than usual in Drury's specimen, figured by Jones, so as to have led
Fabricius to describe the hind wings as four-spotted.

ENTOMOLOGY. 363

74. (2) Pamphila Harona, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land,
ed. I, App. p. 3S3 (18S1).

Magnitude P. Hnece, Wien. Verz. Alis supra fulvis, anticarum costa
(ad basim valde angusta) margineque apicali nigris ; macula basali
marginis interni, striga recta in cellula discoidali et macula conica
ad apicem cellulae nigris ; alis posticis fulvis costa late nigra, ultra
medium ad angulum externum angusta : alis infra fulvis, posticis
pallidioribus ; anticis macula magna baseos costam non attingente,
altera parva transversa ad apicem cellute, tertiaque parva conica
marginis apicalis versus angulum internum ; alis posticis immacu-
latis ; striola longitudinali magis brunnea, margine anali parallela.
Expans. alar, antic, unc. i^.

Habitat prope "Victoria Falls ;" mense Januario capta.

LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA.

Moths of various sizes and Hawk-moths appear to be very numer-
ous in Southern Africa. A large number of species of the former were
collected by Mr. Gates, chiefly of small size, the majority of which,
unfortunately, were ill preser\ed.

Family Sphingid.^.

The SphinGID,^ are not especially remarkable. The Death's-head
Hawk-moth, Acherotitia Atropos, Linnaeus, occurs throughout South
Africa, and was found between Gubuluwayo and the Gwailo River.
Choet'ocampa Capensis, Linnjeus, with its bright pink under wings,
extends from the Cape to Natal and Zululand. A new species, closely
allied to this last insect, was captured by Mr. Gates : —

Chcerocampa VIRGO, Westwood in Gates's Matabele Land, ed. i,

App. p. 354, pi. E, f II (1881). (Plate V., fig. 11.)
Alba albido vix tincta, alis posticis plaga fere basali ovali punicea ;
omnibus subtus omnino concoloribus. Expans. alar, antic, fere unc. 3.
Habitat prope Gubuluwayo vel Gwailo fluv.

The Genus Nephele, Hiibner {Zoiiilia, Walker), contains several
South African species, e.g. Sphinx Penet/s, Cramer; Zonilia fumosa,
Walker ; Nephele co7nma, Hopfifer ; Zonilia viridcscens^ \\'alker, and
the beautiful Zonilia argentifera, Walker. Several species of the silver-
striped Hawk-moths occur in South Africa, as Charocanipa Charis,
Walker ; C. Sche?tki, Moschler ; C. Theylia, Linneeus {Eson^ Cramer),
etc. The lovely Lophostethus Dumolinii, Latreille, is from Natal. The
clear-winged Hemaris Hylas, Linnjeus, was captured at Gubuluwayo.
And lastly, it may be mentioned that the Rev. H. Rowley sent the
Aellopns hirundo, Gerstaecker (Arch. f. Nat.,xxxvii. pt. i, p. 360(1871),
and in v. d. Decken's Reisen in Gst-Afrika, Ent. p. 375, pi. 15, f 7)
from the Zambesi.

364 APPENDIX.

It may also be mentioned as a remarkable circumstance in
Entomological Geography that the grand Chrysiridia Rhipheus,
Cramer, supposed until quite recently to be confined to Madagascar,
and to be the only old world representative of the splendid new world
Uranice, has been found on the east coast of Africa, near Zanzibar.
Gerstaecker has figured the continental individual as a distinct
species, but specimens which I have examined appear not to differ
specifically from the Madagascar ones.

Family ZYG/ENIDyE.

In this family a beautiful species of Zygcena, closely allied to the
very striking Z. ochroptera, Felder, was taken at Tati : —

Zyg^NA tricolorata, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed.
I, App. p. 354(1881).

Chalybea, humeris alisque anticis aurantiacis, harum margine
apicalo nigro ; alis posticis sanguineis limbo nigro ante angulum
analem desinente. Expans. alar, antic, unc. i, lin. 5.

Z. ochroptera, Felder (Novara-Reise, Lep. iv. pi. 82, f. 20), differt
colore alarum limboque nigro multo angustiori.

Another new species was taken at Gubuluwayo : —

Zyg^na transversalis, n. sp.

Eudenice zygcenoidi, Felder (Novara-Reise, Lep. iv. pi. 82, f 21),
valde affinis, alis autem posticis medio supra sanguineis fascia trans-
versa media nigra ; alis anticis infra basi, et pone medium sanguineo
maculatis. Exp. alar, antic, unc. i, lin. 6}

The beautiful Antej'is avipla, Walker, was also taken by Mr.
Gates, as well as several species of Procris and Syntomis.

Family Agaristid^.

This family is represented in Mr. Oates's collection by a beautiful
species oi Eusemia, allied to E. Euphemia, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 345,
i. K; E. longipennis, Walker (Butler, 111. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., i. p.
10, pi. 5, i. 5) ; E. pallida, Walker (Butler, /. c. pi. 5, f 3) ; and E. con-
tigua, Walker (Butler, /. c. pi. 4, f 8) : —

EUSEMIA ADULATRix, Westwood in Oates's Matebele Land, ed. i,

App. p. 355, pi. G, {. I, pi. H, f 3, za-b (1881). (Plate VII.,

fig. I, and Plate IX., figs. 3, 3«, 3^.)

Alis anticis nigris, maculis duabus j^arvis subbasalibus fascia

obliqua Integra submedia, alteraque magna late ovali inter medium et

apicem, interstitiis argenteo-irroratis ; striga minuta marginis interni

pone medium punctoque rotundato intus angulum posticum flavo-

1 [This insect was referred to in the first edition of the present work (p. 354), but a name
was not assigned to it there. — Ed.]

ENTOMOLOGY. 365

albidis ; alls posticis sanguineis, limbo nigro ; abdomiiie luteo, nigro-
annulato. Expans. alar, antic, unc. 2i.

tlabitat prope Tati et Gwailo fluv.; mense Octobre capta.^

Family Saturniid^.

This splendid family is well represented in Africa, particularly in
the south-eastern portion, where a number of beautiful species have
been found, especially in Natal. A monograph of these insects, so

1 The following descriptions of several other allied African species of this beautiful genus
may be given here : —

EuSEMiA PALLIDA, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., i. p. 52 (1854) ; Butler, 111. Lep.
Het. Brit. Mus., i. p. 10, pi. 5, f 3 (1877).

Euscmia niveosparsa, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i, App. p. 355 (1881).

Corpore tenui, abdomine nigro, fulvo-annulato ; alis anticis nigris maculis 7 parvis
niveis, — ima. parva in medio cellulae ; 2da. obliqua cellulara terminante ; 3tia. ovali inter
cellulam et apicem alse ; 4ta. elongata ante medium marginis interni ; sta. pone maculam
2am ; 6ta. bipartita inter 3am et 7am prope angulum posticum ; alis posticis sanguineis, limbo
nigro. Expans. alar, antic, unc. 3.

Habitat in Montibus Cameroons, Afric. occid. In Mus. Hopeiano.

The type of E. pallida is a faded specimen.

EusEMiA .EMULATRix, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i, App. p. 355 (18S1).

Mediocriter angusta, alis anticis angustis, nigris, albido-maculatis, — macula parva rotunda
in medio cellulae ; 2da. majori ad apicem cellulae ; 3tia. fasciasformi in partes quinque venis
nigris divisa, angusta et in medio extus angulata ; 4ta. elongata e basi ad medium marginis
interni extensa ; sta. irregulari-ovata pone 2ani ; 6ta. minuta intus angulum posticum ; alis
posticis sanguineis, limbo nigro ; abdomine fulvo, ano nigro-barbato. Expans. alar, antic,
unc. 2J.

Habitat ? In Mus. Hopeiano.

EusEMiA PARDALiNA, Walker, Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, i. p. 329, pi. 5, f i (1869).

The type of this species, from Congo, is in the Hopeian collection, together with a second
individual brought from Angola by Monteiro. It differs from E. Enphemia in its smaller
size, and in having the ground colour of the hind wings rich orange fulvous instead of
sanguineous.

El'SEMIA meretrix, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i, App. p. 355 (18S1).

Alis anticis nigris, maculis 5 fulvis, — ima. obliqua subbasali marginem anticum et posti-
cum non attingenti ; 2da. ovali ad apicem cellulae ; 3tia. duplo majori oblongo-ovali et
obliqua inter cellulam et apicem alse ; 4ta. fere rotundata pone 2am ; 5ta. parva angulo postico
proxima ; costa basi albo-guttata, margine postico immaculato ; alis posticis rufis, limbo
nigro. Expans. alar, antic, unc. i\.

Habitat in Afric. merid. (D. Buxton). In Mus. Hopeiano.

Eusemia nugatrix, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i, App. p. 356 (18S1).

Alis anticis nigris, costa ad basim biguttata, maculis 6 luteo-albidis, — ima. subtrigona ante
medium cellulae ; 2da. subquadrata parum obliqua ante apicem cellulas ; 3tia. magna subovali
obliqua inter medium et apicem ate, intus vena 3tia mediana in dentem nigrum incisa ; 4ta.
oblonga marginis postici, medium marginis fere attingente ; 5ta. pone 2am ; 6ta. fere ad
angulum posticum alae ; interstitiis argenteo parum squamosis ; alis posticis rufo-aurautiacis,
limbo simplici nigro. Expans. alar, antic, unc. 2 5-3 J.

Habitat apud promontorium, " Cape Palmas," Afric. occid. (Savage). In Mus. Hopeiano.

Eusemia glossatrix, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i, App. p. 356 (i88i).

AHs supra nigris, purpureo-nitidis, prassertim in alis posticis ; anticis fascia media parum
curvata tripartita straminea, alteraque inter medium et apicem alae e punctis 4 albis formata,
interstitiis squamis argenteis perpaucis ornatis ; alis posticis margine postico albo, intus
dentato ; abdomine supra nigro, subtus fulvo ; coUare et pedibus subtus fulvis. Expans
alar, antic, unc. i\.

Habitat in Afric. orient. -merid. In Mus. Hopeiano.

366 APPENDIX.

far as then known, was published by myself in the ' Proceedings of
the Zoological Society,' in 1849 (with four coloured plates) containing
thirty-three species, of which half were previously undescribed. Of
these, perhaps the most striking is the long-tailed species Actias
mimosa', with pale green wings, which lives upon the mimosa, on
the banks of the river Tugela, the southern boundary of Zululand, the
cocoons of which are used by the natives for tobacco-boxes. Another
fine species is Satuniia Alcinoc, Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 322, f. A, B
(Var.'' S. Caffraria, StoU, Suppl. Cramer, Pap. Ex., pi. 31, f 2, 2c.; S.
Caffra, Boisduval in Delegorgue's Voy. Afr. Austr., ii. p. 601). A
specimen of this species, measuring seven inches in the expansion of
the fore wings, was taken by Mr. Oates, but the precise locality was
not recorded. Another species was also captured by Mr. Oates, which
may be thus characterized : —

Saturnia cervina, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i,
App. p. 357 (1881).

Toto roseo-cervina, alis anticis spatio minuto transverso squamis
destituta ad apicem cellular, striolaque paullo obscuriori paullo curvata
et vix distincta inter cellulam et marginem posticum ; alis posticis
macula parva trigona ad apicem cellulse ; abdomine magis fulvo ; alis
anticis apice subrotundatis. Expans. alar, antic, unc. 4-|.

Habitat prope Tati.

A beautiful species, nearly allied to the European Emperor-moth,
was also taken by Mr. Oates : —

Saturnia flavida, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xix. p.
462 (1877) ; Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i, App.
p. 357 (1881).

S. ApolloiiicE, Cramer (Pap. Ex. pi. 250, f. A), persimilis ; differt
colore fusco-griseo alarum flavido-tincto, fascia fusca pone ocellum,
absque maculis duabus nigricantibus subapicalibus, colore fusco sub-
apicali omnium alarum intus flavido latius marginato. Expans. alar,
antic, unc. 33-.

Habitat prope Gubuluwayo.^

i Descriptions of two additional species of Saturnia in the Hopeian collection closely
allied to S. flavida, together with that of a remarkable species collected by Mr. Buxton, may
be added here : —

Saturnia Terpsichorina, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i, App. p. 357
(18S1).

5". Apollonia: similis at multo minor et pallidior, ocello alarum anticarum ovali, fascia
tenui extus connexa, hac prope apicem alse absque maculis duabus nigris ; alis posticis basi
.albis absque fascia indistincta subbasali, ocello ovali extus cum fascia tenui fusca conjuncta,
fascia 2da submarginali ut in .9. Apollonia ; thoracis dorso macula livido-fusca ; incisuris
abdominis livido-marginatis. Expans. alar, antic, unc. 2J.

Habitat in Afric. merid. -orient. In Mus. Hopeiano.

Saturnia Dyops, Maassen and Weymer, Beitr. Schmett, f. 21 (1872).

This species is also closely allied to 5". Apollonia, but wants the ocellus on the hind

ENTOMOLOGY. 367

Family Bombycid.'E.

The family BoMBYClD.4! appears to be rich in species of the sub-
family LiMACODlDES, the caterpillars of which are clothed with short
erect bristles, which are capable of inflicting poisonous wounds ; their
cocoons are very solid and egg-shaped. Notwithstanding their defen-
sive appendages the caterpillars are subject to the attacks of parasites,
and in the ' Transactions of the Entomological Society of London '
(1876, p. 574, pi. 10), I have given the history of a curious dipterous
insect, Systropiis crude lis, which destroys individuals of one of the
species of this group. Mr. Oates obtained a number of species,
the majority of which are, however, in a very mutilated condition.
Of one, which is a very showy insect, I give the description below : —

LiMACODES ARGENTIFERA, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land,
ed. I, App. p. 358 (1881).

Laete pallido-viridis, alis anticis basi macula media fasciaque sub-
apicali valde curvata e guttis argenteis, singulis guttis annulo brunneo
cinctis, fascia externa e medio marginis postici versus apicem extensa
at guttis sensim decrescentibus ; alis posticis abdomineque fulvis.
Expans. alar, antic, unc. i\.

Pantoctenice Gemniaitti, Felder (Novara-Reise, Lep. iv. pi. 82, f. 16),
proxima.

Habitat prope Gubuluwayo.

A large species of this family was taken by Mr. Oates at Tati : —
Jana Mariana, White, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., xii. p. 264 (1843);
Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i, App. p. 358, pi. G,
f. 6 (1881). (Plate Vn., fig. 6.)
Fawn-coloured ; the fore wings with four slender oblique undulat-
ing brown bands. In the hind wings the bands are rather broader
and more distinct, and there is a large purplish black spot at the base
of the latter. The fore wings measure from 4 to 4I inches in expanse.
The type specimen from Congo is in the British Museum.

Mr. Oates also obtained specimens of *Deiopeia pulchella, Lin-
njeus ; *Phiala xanthosonia, Wallengren ; *Antiphella crocicollis,
Herrich-Schaffer ; ^Chileiia prompta,^c!iSk.tx ; and *Ar^j'ris vestalis,
Butler.

wings. Maassen obtained it from Natal. Specimens from South-eastern Africa, and from
Angola (Monteiro), are in the Hopeian collection at Oxford.

Saturnia Hyperbius, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i, App. p. 357 (1S81).

Alis anticis ferruginosis, puncto minimo vitreo ad apicem cellulse ; striga recta obliqua
pone medium alae cinerea, area pone strigam magis aurantiaca, margine apicali plumbeo-
tincto, ciliis rufis ; alis posticis fulvis ocello mediocri medio cinereo (medio albido) circulo
nigro ; striga angusta cinerea inter ocellum et marginem posticum plumbescentem, ciliis
rufis : alis subtus saturatioribus, venis flavis, anticis macula rotunda nigra, medio vitrea ;
cellula in posticis fere obliterata, strigaque pone medium angustiori et minus distincta ;
corpore rufo, abdomine magis fulvo. Expans. alar, antic, fere unc. 5.

Habitat in Afric. merid. (D. Buxton). In Mus. Hopeiano.

368 APPENDIX.

Family Geometrid.«.

A single example of the ubiquitous *Sterrha sacraria, Linnaeus,
was found by Mr. Oates near Tati.

Family NOCTUID^.

This family is represented in Mr. Oates's collection by the fol-
lowing species : — '^Acofitia Kotnaga, Felder ; *Heliothis armiger,
Hiibner ; *Cyltgramina Latona, Cramer ; "^ Sphingomorpha Monteir-
onis, Butler ; *Gram7nodes stolida, Fabricius ; and *Ophiusa pro-
perans, Walker.

The species of the remaining Lepidopterous families captured by
Mr. Oates did not comprise any remarkable new species, and were
for the most part in a much broken condition, rendering their deter-
mination very difficult.

Order COLEOPTERA.

Family ClClNDELlD^.

Genus Mantichora, Fabricius.

1. Mantichora latipennis, Waterhouse, Mag. Nat. Hist., i. p.

503, f. 62(1837).

Genus Dromica, Dejean.

2. Dromica Mauchii, Bates, Ent. Mo. Mag., viii. p. 287 (1872).

(Plate VII., fig. 5, and Plate IX., figs, i, \a, \b.)
Dromica {Myrntecopfera) Oatesit, Westwood in Oates's Mata-
bele Land, ed. i, App. p. 359, pi. G. f. 5, pi. H, f. i, \a-b
(1881).

Foem. Nigra, capite rugose striolato, labro tevi, in medio fulvo ;
pronoto subopaco transverse striolato, linea media dorsali albo-hirta,
elytris obovalibus granulatis, singulis 5-costatis, costis longe ante
apicem desinentibus ; costa suturas proxima e tuberculis oblongis
formata ; costa 2da ad basim straminea, nigro-punctata ; margine
externo inter medium et apicem linea gracili albida notato ; antennis
pone articulum 4tum dilatatis, compressis, articulis sensim ad apicem
decrescentibus. Long. corp. unc. i, lat. med. elytr. lin. 35.

Family Carabid^.
Genus Anthia, Weber.

3. Anthia maxillosa, Fabricius, Mant., i. p. 194 ; Olivier, Ent.,iii.

35, p. 13, pi. 8, f. 90 (?, pi. I, f. 10 9 .

4. Anthia Hottentotta, n. sp. (Plate VIII., fig. 3).

Nigra, elytrorum margine tenuissimo albo, capitis vertice impres-
sione profunda rotundata notato ; pronoto cordato angulis posticis

ENTOMOLOGY. 369

rotundis ; impressione ovali dorsali, hujus lateribus elevatis ; elytris
ovalibus subconvexis, striolis gracillimus impressis. Mas. mandi-
bulis mediocribus, labro parum longioribus. Long. corp. lin. 15, lat.
elytr. lin. 55.

5. Anthia Mellyi, De Breme, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., scr. 2, ii. p. 292,

pi. 7, f. 4 (1844).

6. Anthia cinctipennis, Lequien, Mag. Zool., 1832, class ix.

pl. ?>^-

*7. Anthia thoracica, Fabricius, Mant., i. p. 195 ; Olivier, Ent.,
iii. 35, p. 14, pl. 10, f. 5^ $, pl. I, f. 5 ?.

Genus Cypholoba, Chaudoir.

8. Cypholoba alveolata, De Breme, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 2,

ii. p. 293, pl. 7, f. 5 (1844).

Genus Cycloloba, Chaudoir.

9. Cycloloba septemguttata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv. App.

p. 442 ; Castelnau, Hist. Nat, i. p. 61, pl. 4, f. 9.
Var. sordida guttis obliteratis.

Genus Polyhirma, Chaudoir.

10. Polyhirma macilenta, Olivier, Ent, iii. 35, p. 26, pl. 11, f. 130.

11. Polyhirma notata, Perroud, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon., 1845-6,

p. 52 ( = /". amabilis, Boheman).

Var. } Nigra gracilis, elytris costatis, interstitiis profunde punctatis,
capite pronoto et dimidio basali elytrorum linea dorsali albo tomentoso,
his etiam gutta media communi apicali albis, pectore utrinque maculis
albo-hirtis notatis. Long. corp. lin. 10, lat elytr. ultra medium, lin. 3.

Genus Graphipterus, Latreille.

12. Graphipterus cordiger, Dejean, Spec. Col., v. p. 461.

13. Graphipterus Westwoodii, De Breme, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,

ser. 2, ii. p. 291, pl. 7, f. 6 (1844).

Genus Orthogonius, Dejean.

14. Orthogonius Caffer, Boheman, Ins. Caffr., i. p. 64 (1848),

Genus Drypta, Fabricius.

15. Drypta jucunda, Boheman, Ins. Caffr., i. p. 27 (i

370 APPENDIX.

Family Hydrophilid^.

Genus Sph^ridium, Fabricius.

*i6. Sph/ERIDIUM APICALE, Boheman, Ins. Caffr., i. p. 606 (1848), var.

Family Scarab^idte.
Genus Pachylomera, Kirby.

17. Pachylomera femoralis, Kirby, Zool. Journ., iii. p. 520, pi.

14, f. I.

Genus Scarab^EUS, Linnaeus.

18. SCARAByEUS IsiDlS, Castelnau, Hist. Nat., ii. p. 64.

Var. ? Dentibus clypei valde obtusis, pedibus gracilibus, tibiis
anticis dentibus externis fere obsoletis. Long. corp. lin. 19.

19. SCARAB/EUS Savignii, MacLeay, Hor. Ent., ii. p. 503 ( = 5. trans-

versus, Castelnau).

20. SCARABiEUS INTRICATUS, Fabricius, Syst. El, i. p. 56; Mac-

Leay, Hor. Ent., ii. p. 500 ; Castelnau, Hist. Nat., ii. p. 66.

Genus Circellium, Latreille.

21. Circellium Bacchus, Fabricius, Spec. Ins., i. p. 32; Herbst,

Kaf., ii. p. 297, pi. 19, f. 4. (Var. Lyceus, Westwood in
Partington's Brit. Cycl., Nat. Hist. ii. p. 55.)!

Genus Anachalcos, Hope.

22. Anachalcos cupreus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 29 ; Olivier,

Ent., i. 3, p. 156, pi. 7, f. 58.
Var. minor (long. lin. 10) et brevior.

Genus Gymnopleurus, Illiger.

23. Gymnopleurus Olivieri, Castelnau, Hist. Nat., ii. p. 72.

24. Gymnopleurus fulgidus, Olivier, Ent., i. 3, p. 167, pi. 22,

f. 199.

25. Gymnopleurus ^enescens, Wiedemann in Germar's Mag. Ent.,

iv. p. 128 (= 6^. speciosus, Dejean, Cat.).

Genus Sisyphus, Latreille.

26. Sisyphus hirtus? Wiedemann, Zool. Mag., ii. p. 24 (1823).

Genus Catharsius, Hope.

27. Catharsius tricornutus, De Geer, Mdm. Ins., vii. p. 637,

pi. 47, f. 16; Catharsius Jiemestrwus, Boheman, Ins. Caftr.,
ii. p. 220 (= Scarabceus nemestrimis, Fabricius).

1 [A figure of this insect is given in a plate of beetles in vol. i. {Nat. Hist.) of the above
work, but both plate and figure are devoid of reference numbers. — Ed.]

ENTOMOLOGY. 37 1

Genus CoPRis, Geoffroy.

28. COPRIS Iacchus, $ Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 20; Olivier, Ent., i.

3, p. 105, pi. 22, f. 195 ; $ C. (Edipus, Fabricius, I.e. p. 21 ;
Olivier, I.e. p. 112, pi. 13, f. 121.

29. CoPRis Cv^LATUS, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv. App. p. 435 ; Voet,

Col., i. pi. 23, f. 6.

Genus Onthophagus, Latreille.

*30. Onthophagus gazella, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., i. pt. i, p. 56 ;
Fahraeus in Bohcman's Ins. Caffr., ii. p. 275.
Widely distributed on the African continent.

Genus Onitis, Fabricius.

31. Onitis Inuus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., Suppl. p. 25 ; Olivier, Ent.,

i. 3, p. 138, pi. 14, f. 135.

Genus Oniticellus, Serville.

32. Oniticellus in^qualis, Reiche in Ferret and Galinier's Voy.

Abyss., iii. p. 335, pi. 20, f. 4, ^a (1850). (= Onitis eiliatus,
Germar, MS.)

*33. Oniticellus militaris, Castelnau, Hist. Nat. ii. p. 91 (1840).
*34. Oniticellus intermedius, Reiche in Ferret and Galinier's
Voy. Abyss., iii. p. 2,2>7, pl- 20, f. 5, 5 rt:-r, (?, f. 6 ? .

Genus Aphodius, lUiger.
*35. Aphodius granarius, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i. pt. 2,
p. 547, n. 23 (1767) ; von Harold, Berl. Ent. Zeit., vii. p. 347
(1863).
This species, which ranges over almost the entire globe, is common
in South Africa.

*36. Aphodius lividus, Olivier, Ent., i. 3, p. 86, pl. 26, f. 222,222 a-b;
Boheman, Ins. Caffr., ii. p. 339.

Almost as widely distributed as the preceding species.

Family Melolonthid^.
Genus Schizonycha, Blanchard.
*T,'j. Schizonycha Africana, Castelnau, Hist. Nat., ii. p. 34.

Genus Anomala, Samouelle.
*38. Anomala varicolor, Gyllenhal in Schonherr's Syn. Ins., App.
p. 114-

Genus Adoretus, Castelnau.

*39. Adoretus, sp.

372 APPENDIX.

Family Trogid^e.

Genus Trox, Fabricius.

*4o. Trox VARIOLOSUS, Fahrgeus in Boheman's Ins. Cafirr.,ii. p. 378.

*4i. Trox, near T. incultus, Fahrseus in Boheman's Ins. Cafifr., ii.

Family Dynastid^e.
Genus Oryctes, Illiger.
42. Oryctes Boas, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., i. pt. i, p- 8 ; Olivier, Ent.,
i- 3. P- 35. Pl- 4, f- 24, 24 a-b.

Genus Heteronychus, Burmeister.
*43. Heteronychus, sp.

Family Cetoniid^e.
Genus Pachnoda, Burmeister.

44. Pachnoda cordata, Drury, 111. Exot. Ins., ii. p. 60, pl. 32, f. 5.

(Van obsoleia, Schaum, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 2, ii. p. 388,
1844 ; id. I.e. ser. 2, vii. p. 280, 1849).

Genus Spilophorus, Lacordaire.

45. Spilophorus plagosus, Boheman, Ins. Cafifr., ii. p. 49.

Genus Phoxomela, Schaum.

46. Phoxomela umbrosa, Gory and Percheron, Mon. Ce't. p. 282,

pl. 55, f. I.

Genus Oxythyrea, Mulsant.

47. Oxythyrea DiscicoLLis, Blanchard, Cat. Collect. Ent., p. 11

(1850) ; Reiche in Ferret and Galinier's Voy. Abyss., iii. p.
358, pl. 22, f. I, \a.

48. Oxythyrea HiEMORRHOiDALis, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., App.

p. 819 ; Gory and Percheron, Mon. Cet., p. 298, pl. 57, f. 8.

Family BuPRESTlD^.

Genus Acm^odera, Eschscholtz.

*49. ACM^ODERA decemguttata, Thunberg, Mus. Nat. Ups., iv.
p. SI (1787), van

Genus Chrysobothris, Eschscholtz.

*5o. Chrysobothris dorsata, Fabricius, Mant., i. p. 179; Castel-
nau and Gory, Ins. Col., ii. Chrys. p. 6, pl. i, f. 7.

ENTOMOL OGY. 373

Genus Sphenoptera, Solier.
*5i. Sphenoptera, sp.

Genus Agrilus, Stephens.

*52. Agrilus hastulatus, Fahrc-cus in Bohcman's Ins. Caffr., i.
P- 356.
Agrilus Capcnsis, Murray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, ii. p.
108 (1868).

Family Elaterid^.

Genus Tetralobus, Serville.

53. Tetralobus bifoveolatus, Boheman, Ins. Caffr., i. p. 380 ;
Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i, App. p. 361, pi.
G,f. 4(1881). (Plate VII., fig. 4.)

Genus Cardiophorus, Eschscholtz.

*54. Cardiophorus, sp.

Family Paussid^.

Genus Heteropaussus, Thomson.

55. Heteropaussus alternans, Westwood, Proc. Linn. Soc, ii.
p. 56 (1849); id. Thes. Ent., p. 74, pi. 16, f. 2.

Family Histerid^.

Genus PIister, Linnaeus.

*56. Hister gigas, Paykull, Mon. Hist., p. 9, pi. 2, f. i ; Marseul,
Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, ii. p. 170, pi. 6, f. i (1854).

*57. HiSTER Caffer, Erichson, Jahrb. der Ins., p. 132 (1834) ; Mar-
seul, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, ii. p. 188, pi. 6, f. 10 (1854).

*58. HiSTER SUBSULCATUS, Marseul, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, ii.
p. 221, pi. 7, f. 38 (1854).

Genus Saprinus, Erichson.

*59. Saprinus splendens, Paykull, Mon. Hist., p. 53, pi. 4, f. 7 ;
Marseul, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, iii. p. 380, pi. 16, f. 22

(1855)-

Family Cucujid^e.

Genus Hectarthrum, Newman.

*6o. Hectarthrum gigas, Fabricius, Syst. EL, ii. p. 92 ; Murray,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, xix. p. 338 (1867). (Plate VIII.,

fig- 4-)

Family SlLPHlD^.

Genus Silpha, Linnseus.

61. Silpha micans, Fabricius, Ent. Syst, iv. App. p. 445.

2 C

374 APPENDIX.

Family Dermestid^.
Genus Dermestes, Linnaeus.
*62. Dermestes vulpinus, Fabricius, Spec. Ins., i. p. 64 ; Boheman,
Ins. Caffr., i. p. 583.
A cosmopolitan species.

Family Clerid^.

Genus Necrobia, Latreille.

*63. Necrobia rufipes, De Gear, M^m. Ins., v. p. 165, pi. 15, f. 4 ;
Boheman, Ins. Caffr., i. p. 515.

64. Necrobia, sp.

Family BOSTRYCHID^.

Genus Apate, Fabricius.

*6s. Apate terebrans, Pallas, Spic. Zool., ix. p. 7, pi. i, f- 3 ;
Olivier, Ent., iv. ']']., p. 5, pi. i, f. 4-

66. Apate Francisca, Fabricius, Syst. EL, ii. p. 379 ; Duval, Gen.
Col., iii. pi. 56, f. 276 (= A. monacha, Fabricius $).

Genus Bostrychus, Geoffroy.
57. Bostrychus cornutus, Olivier, Ent. iv. 77, p. 7, pi. i, f 5, 5 a-c.
68. Bostrychus, sp.

Family Tenebrionid^.
Genus ZOPHOSIS, Latreille.

*6c). ZoPHOSiS ANGUSTICOSTIS, DeyroUe, Ann. Soc Ent. Fr., ser. 4,
vii. p. 130 (1867).

^70. ZoPHOSiS crypticoides, Deyrolle, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 4,
vii. p. 182, pi. I, f. 4 (1867).

Genus Adesmia, Fischer.

71. Adesmia baccata, Gerstaecker, Arch, f Nat., xxxvii. pt. i, p. 58
(1871) ; id. in v. d. Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika, Ent. p. 167,
pi. 9, f. I (1873).
Adesjnia {Macropoda) foveicollis, Haag, Mitth. Miinch. Ent.
Ver., ii. p. 88 (1878).

*72. Adesmia platynota, Gerstaecker, Ber. Akad. Berl., 1854, p.
530 ; id. in Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 274, pi. 16,
f. 2 (1862).
Adesmia Gerstaeckeri, Haag, Beitr. z. Kennt. Tenebr., p. 20
(Deutsche Ent. Zeits., Beiheft, 1875.)

ENTOMOLOGY. 37 5

Genus Himatismus, Erichson.

*']l. Himatismus variegatus, Fabricius, Spec Ins., i. p. 323 ; Oli-
vier, Ent., iii. 57, p. 14, pi. 2, f. 16.

Genus Eurychora, Thunberg.
*74. Eurychora, sp.

Genus MoLURiS, Latreille.

75. MOLURIS GIBBOSA, Olivier, Ent., iii. 59, p. 11, pi. i, f. 5, 5 a-b \

Solier, Mem. Accad. Torin., ser. 2, vi. p. 291 (1844).

Genus Psammodes, Kirby.

76. Psammodes Pierreti, Amyot, Mag. Zool., 1835, class ix. pi.

129 ; Solier, Mem. Accad. Torin., ser. 2, vi. p. 288 (1844).

*-]!. Psammodes semiscaber, Haag, Col. Hefte, viii. p. 76.

*^Z. Psammodes pubescens, Solier, Mem. Accad. Torin., ser. 2,

vi. p. 297 (1844).

Genus Trachynotus, Latreille.

79. Trachynotus tEneus, Solier, Mem. Accad. Torin. ser. 2, vi. p.
323 (1844).

*8o. Trachynotus glaber, Fahrasus, Ofvers Vet. Akad. Forh.,
xxvii. p. 275 (1870).

*8i. Trachynotus mcerens, Haag, Deutsche Ent. Zeits., xxiii.
p. 294 (1879).

Genus SOMATicus, Hope.

82. SOMATICUS RUGOSUS, Fabricius, Spec. Ins., i. p. 315 ; Herbst,

Kaf., viii. p. 149, pi. 126, f. 5

Genus Dichtha, Haag.

83. Dichtha inflata, Gerstaecker, Ber. Akad. Berl., 1854, p.

532 ; id. in Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 280, pi. 16,
f. 12.

84. Dichtha cubica, Gudrin, Rev. Zool., 1845, P- 285. Mohiris

albipcs, Melly, MS. in Brit. Mus.
D. inflatcB simillima, pronoto baud granulato, elytris laevibus,
glabris, tenue rufo-marginatis, pedibus luteo-tomentosis.

In individuo nostro sutura elytrorum nullo modo elevata est.

Genus Hopatrum, Fabricius.
*85. Hopatrum micans, Germar, Ins. Spec Nov., p. 145.

376 APPENDIX.

Genus Anomalipus, Guerin.

86. Anomalipus lineatus, Gerstaecker, Ben Akad. Berl., 1854,
p. 531 ; id. in Peters's Raise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 275, pi. 16,

f. 4-

Genus TOXICUM, Latreille.

*%■]. TOXICUM Matabelicum, OUiff, n. sp.

Elongate, black and opaque ; head rather broad, narrowed towards
the base, somewhat finely and closely punctured in front, the punc-
tures slightly closer and stronger near the base ; the anterior margin
rounded ; the sides oblique, with a moderately deep transverse ex-
cavation between the two frontal horns, which are rather short, stout,
and slightly incurved ; eyes not very large, completely divided ; an-
tenna; with the club four-jointed ; prothorax transverse, strongly con-
vex, very slightly narrower in front than behind, rather strongly, very
closely and irregularly punctured ; the anterior angles strongly de-
flexed ; the sides oblique ; the posterior margin bisinuate ; scutellum
transverse, very finely punctured ; elytra slightly broader than the
prothorax, strongly convex, moderately strongly and rather irregularly
striate-punctate ; the interstices broad with faint indications of trans-
verse wrinkles ; under side black, shining ; prosternum closely and
rather strongly punctured ; mesosternum, metasternum, and abdominal
segments much more finely punctured ; legs black ; tarsi pitchy.
Length, 9^ mm.

From Tati.

This species belongs to the section of the genus Toxicum, in which
the eyes are completely divided, and is closely allied to T. aries, Klug
(Ins. Madag., 1833, p. 177), from Madagascar. It differs, however, in
being slightly broader, in having the anterior angles of the prothorax
more strongly deflexed, and the disk more strongly and closely punc-
tured. The lines of punctures on the elytra are very similar in the two
species, but those of T. Matabelicum are slightly more irregular.

A. Sidney Olliff.

Genus Oatesius, Westwood.

Derosphcerius, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land, ed. i, App.
p. 362 (1881), (nom. prceoccup.).

Corpus oblongum, subcylindricum ; capita parvo, conico, ante oculos
utrinque rotundato - elevato, antennis longitudine dimidii corporis,
articulis aequalibus, externis pauUo brevioribus at non crassioribus ;
mandibulis capitis longitudine aequalibus curvatis, supra prope basim
cornu erecto, apice inciso, armatis ; labro subrotundato, antice emar-
ginato ; palpis maxillaribus elongatis, articulo ultimo vix securiformi ;
mentum traversum antice angustatum ; palpis labialibus parvis, sub-
cylindricis ; prothorax rotundatus, subglobosus ; pedes satis graciles ;
tarsis heteromeris, simplicibus, unguibus simplicibus.

This genus is apparently allied to Centronipus and Sienochia.

ENTOMOLOGY. 377

88. Oatestus anthracinus, Westwood. (Plate VII., fig. 3, and
Plate IX., figs. 2, 2<7, 2^, 2c).
DerosphcEriiis ajit/iracinus, Westwood in Oates's Matabele Land,
ed. I, App. p. 362, pi. G, f. 3, pi. H, f. 2, 2 a-c (1881).
Niger nitidus, capite inter antennas biimpresso, pronoto subtiliter
punctatissimo ; elytris punctato-striatis. Long. corp. fere lin. 6.

Genus Tenebrio, Linnaeus.
^89. Tenebrio, near T. obscurus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., i. pt. i,
p. III.

Genus Praogena, Castelnau.
*9o. Praogena splendens, Maklin, Act. Fenn., vii. p. 572 (1863).

Family Lagriid^.
Genus Lagria, Fabricius.
*9i. Lagria villosa, Fabricius, Spec. Ins., i. p. 160; Olivier. Ent.
iii. 49, p. 4, pi. I, f. I, var.

Family Cantharid^.
Genus Coryna, Billberg.
92. Coryna posthuma, Marseul, Me'm. Soc. Liege, sen 2, iii. p.
603 (1873), var.

Genus Mvlabris, Fabricius.
*93. Mvlabris oculata, Tlumberg, Diss. Nov. Ins. Spec, vi. p. 114,
f. 14.

*94. Mvlabris transversalis, Marseul, Mdm. Soc. Liege, sen 2,
iii. p. 400 (1873).

*95. Mvlabris lunata, Pallas, Icon., p. 79, pi. E, f. 5, 5 a-b.

Genus Epicauta, Redtenbachen

*96. Epicauta pectoralis, Gerstaecker, Ben Akad. Berl., 1854, p.

695 ; id. in Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 296.

*97. Epicauta tomentosa, INIaklin, Act. Fenn., x. p. 627 (1875).

Family CURCULIONID.E.
Genus Polycleis, Boheman.
*98. Polycleis longicornis, Fabr^us, Ofvers Vet. Akad. Forh.,
xxviii. p. 25 (1871).

Genus Brachycerus, Olivien

*99. Brachycerus apterus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i. p. 3S6,

n. 80 (1758); Olivier, Ent., v. 82, p. 44, pi. i, f. 3, 3 a-b.

378 APPENDIX.

loo. Brachycerus congestus, Gerstaecker, Ber. Akad. Berl., 1855,
p. 83 ; id. in Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 306, pi.
18, f. 7.

Genus HiPPORRHiNUS, Schonherr.

*ioi. HiPPORRHiNUS SEVERUS, Gyllenhal in Schonherr's Gen. Cure.
V. p. 747.
■ Family CERAMBYClDiE.

Genus Zamium, Pascoe.
*io2. Zamium, sp.

Genus Plocederus, J. Thomson.

103. Plocederus denticornis, Fabricius, Syst. El., ii. p. 271.

Hammaticherus serraticornis, Bertoloni, Mem. Accad. Sci.
Bologn., vi. p. 440, pi. 22, f. 4 (1855).

Genus Tapinolachnus, J. Thomson.
*io4. Tapinolachnus Oatesii, Olliff, n. sp. (Plate VIII., fig. 7.)

Elongate, depressed, pitchy black and somewhat shining, very
densely clothed with fine silky olivaceous green pubescence ; prothorax
with a large sub-denuded patch on the disk ; elytra very obsoletely
punctured, with a broad fascia composed of brownish olivaceous pubes-
cence near the base, and another rather narrower but similar fascia
just behind the middle, the apical sutural angle produced into a fine
spine.

(J. The head covered with pale greenish grey pubescence, finely
and sparingly punctured in front, very finely rugulose transversely at the
base, with a longitudinal impression between the eyes ; antennas rather
more than twice as long as the body, clothed, especially near the base,
with fine greenish grey pubescence ; prothorax longer than broad,
moderately strongly constricted and narrowed in front, irregularly
rugose transversely, with a large irregular bare patch in the middle,
which is slightly impressed behind ; the sides gradually rounded, irre-
gular, with a feeble callosity about the apical fourth ; scutellum small,
obsoletely punctured ; elytra more than one and a half tin\es as long
as the head and prothorax together, much broader than the prothorax
at the base, slightly narrowed behind, very obsoletely punctured, with
a broad fascia at the basal fourth and another much narrower fascia
behind the middle,— the pubescence composing these fascise darker
in colour and less dense than that on the other parts of the elytra ; the
sides nearly parallel, rounded behind ; sutural angle produced into a
small spine ; under side coloured as above, very finely punctured, the
pubescence less dense ; legs pitchy black, clothed with oHvaceous green
pubescence, which is much paler at the apex of the anterior tibiae and
on the under sides of the tarsi. Length, 19-23 mm.

ENTOMOLOG V. 379

9 . Differs from the male in having the antenna; only slightly longer
than the body. Length, 24-25 mm.

From Tati ; also in Captain G. E. Shelley's collection from the
neighbourhood of Potchefstroom in the Transvaal.

This beautiful species appears to be allied to Tapinolachnns
Gyllenhalii, Fahrasus (Ofvers Vet. Akad. Forh., xxix. (i), p. 52, 1872),
but may be distinguished by the absence of a central thoracic groove
and the form of the elytral fascia, etc. A. Sidney Olliff.

*io5. Tapinolachnus, near T. FURVUS, Fahr^eus, Ofvers Vet. Akad.
Forh., xxix. (i), p. 52 (1872).
A single female example only.

*io6. Tapinolachnus aquilus, Olhff, n. sp. (Plate VIII., fig. 8.)

Elongate, somewhat depressed, pitchy black, densely clothed with
dirty golden yellow pubescence ; prothorax strongly rugose trans-
versely, with a longitudinal impression on each side of the middle
near the base ; elytra with two sub-denuded fasciae, similar in posi-
tion to those of the preceding species.

$. The head rather densely pubescent, finely rugulose at the
base, with a longitudinal impression between the eyes ; prothorax
constricted in front, rather strongly and irregularly rugose trans-
versely, with a very slight longitudinal impression in front and a much
stronger longitudinal impression near the base on each side of the
middle ; sides irregular, unarmed ; scutellum extremely finely
punctured ; elytra about twice as long as the head and prothorax
together, slightly narrowed behind, extremely finely punctured, with a
broad fascia at the basal fourth, and another behind the middle ;
sides rounded behind ; the apex truncate, the outer angle slightly
produced, the inner forming a moderately strong spine ; under side
coloured as above, less densely pubescent ; legs pitchy, clothed
with dirty golden yellow pubescence, which inclines to bright yellow
near the apex of the anterior tibiae and on the under sides of the
tarsi. Length, 26 mm.

$ . Differs from the male in having the antennae only slightly
longer than the body, and the longitudinal impressions on the pro-
thorax less distinct. Length, 25 mm.

No exact locahty noted.

In form this species appears to approach TapinolacJunis A^atalensis,
White (Cat. Longic. Col. Brit. Mus., i. p. 128), but differs not only
in its much smaller size and the position of the sub-denuded elytral
fasciae, but also in the structure of the thoracic depressions, as will
readily be seen upon reference to the figure. A. Sidney Olliff.

Genus Phyllocnema, J. Thomson.

107. Phyllocnema latipes, De Geer, Mem. Ins., vii. p. 655, pi. 49,
f 3 ; Fahraeus, Ofvers Vet. Akad. Forh., xxix. (i), p. 58 (1872).

38o APPENDIX.

Genus Philagathes, J. Thomson.

io8. Philagathes l^tus, Thomson, Syst. Cer., p. 197 (1864).

Philagathes Wahlbergii, Fahraeus, Ofvers Vet. Akad. Forh.,
xxix. (i), p. 68 (1872).

Genus Amphidesmus, Serville.
109. Amphidesmus analis, Olivier, Ent.,iv. 67, p. 2>7, pl- i9, f- i44-

Genus Eleanor, J. Thomson.

*iio. Eleanor tragocephaloides, Thomson, Syst. Cer., p. 198.
(Plate VIII., fig. 2.)

The single representive of this pretty species obtained by Mr. Gates
is remarkably small, measuring only 12 mm. in length.

Genus Phantasis, J. Thomson.

III. Phantasis GIGANTEA, Gudrin, Icon. Regne Anim., Ins. p. 241 ;
Gerstaecker in Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 331, pi.
20, f. 3 ; Fahraeus, Ofvers Vet. Akad. Forh., xxix. (2), p. 29
(1872).

Genus Ceroplesis, Serville.

*ii2. Ceroplesis ^estuans, Olivier, Ent, iv. 67, p. 123, pi. 23, f. 176.

113. Ceroplesis Hottentotta, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 173;
Olivier, Ent., iv. 67, p. 90, pi. 4, f. 27.

*ii4. Ceroplesis ferrugator, Fabricius, Mant., i. p. 138.
Lamia aheiiea, Newman, Ent., i. p. 11.

Genus Ceratites, Serville.

*ii5. Ceratites jaspideus, Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., iv. p. 35
(1835)-

Genus Pycnopsis, J. Thomson.

116. Pycnopsis brachyptera, Thomson, Arch. Ent., i. p. 184;
Fahraeus, Ofvers Vet. Akad. Forh., xxix. (2), p. 39 (1872)
(= Ceroplesis cmefitata, Dejean, Cat.).

Genus Crossotus, Serville.
*ii7. Crossotus, sp.

Genus Tetradia, J. Thomson.

*ii8. Tetradia fasciatocollis, Thomson, Syst. Cer., p. 65 ;
Fahraeus, Ofvers Vet. Akad. Forh., xxix. (2), p. 37 (1872).

ENTOMOLOGY. 381

Genus Hecyrida, J. Thomson.

*ii9. Hecyrida terrea, Bertoloni, Nov. Comm. Acad. Bonon., x.

p. 43i,'Pl- io> f- 5 (1849)-
Hecyrida improba, Thomson, Arch. Ent., i. p. 181 (1857) ;
Fahraeus, Ofvers Vet. Akad. Forh., xxix. (2), p. 35 (1872).

Genus Eunidia, Erichson.

*i2o. Eunidia Batesii, Ollifif, n. sp. (Plate VIII., fig. i.)

Elongate, black, shining, very densely covered with rather pale
fulvous yellow pubescence ; prothorax with a slight callosity in the
middle on each side ; elytra pale reddish brown, the pubescence
fulvous yellow, with an oblique dark fuscous band just before the
middle.

The head densely pubescent, finely and closely punctured, with an
indication of a longitudinal impressed line between the eyes ; antennje
dark fuscous, about one and a half times as long as the body ; the
first three joints pitchy black, clothed, especially near the base, with
yellowish grey pubescence ; prothorax transverse, finely and irregu-
larly punctured ; scutellum rounded behind, densely clothed with
black pubescence ; elytra pale reddish brown, more than twice as
long as the head and prothorax together, somewhat narrowed
posteriorly, densely covered with fine fulvous yellow pubescence,
moderately strongly and not very closely punctured, rounded at the
apex ; the sutural angle very slightly produced ; each elytron with a
moderately broad dark fuscous band just before the middle, directed
obliquely towards the suture ; under side piceous, shining, clothed
with dirty fulvous yellow pubescence ; legs pale pitchy. Length,
II mm.

From Tati.

This pretty species, which is dedicated to Mr. H. W. Bates, is
quite unlike any Eunidia known to me. A. Sidney Olliff.

Family Chrysomelid/e.
Genus Sagra, Fabricius.

121. Sagra FESTIVA, Gerstaecker, Ber. Akad. Berl., 1855, p. 636 ;

id. in Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 332, pi. 20, f. 6.

Genus Diapromorpha, Lacordaire.

122. Diapromorpha Tettensis, Gerstaecker, Ber. Akad. Berl.

1855, p. 636 ; id. in Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 333,
pi. 20, f 7.

Genus Macrocoma, Chapuis.

*i23. Macrocoma eriophora, Chapuis in Lacordaire's Gen. Col.,
x. p. 292 note, pi. 120, f. 3.

382 APPENDIX.

Genus Rhyparida, Baly.
*i24. Rhyparida, sp.

Genus Colasposoma, Castelnau.

*i25. Colasposoma Senegalense, Castelnau in Silbermann's Rev.
Ent., i. p. 22 (1833).

Genus Corynodes, Hope.

*i26. Corynodes compressicornis, Fabricius, Syst. El, i. p. 419 ;
Olivier, Ent., vi. p. 901, pi. i, f. 7.

Genus Prasocuris, Latreille.
*i27. Prasocuris, sp.

Genus Chrysomela, Linnaeus.

*I28. Chrysomela, near C. Caffra, Thunberg, Nov. Act. Ups., viii.
p. 177 (1821).

Genus Diamphidia, Gerstaecker.

*I29. Diamphidia vittatipennis, Baly, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
3, xvi. p. 402 (1865). (Plate VIII., fig. 6.)
During a visit to the Museum of the Zoological Society (Natura
Artis Magistra) at Amsterdam' in 1884, I observed numerous examples
of this species in a fine collection formed by the late Dr. Bradshaw
on the Zambesi. — {^A. S. O.)

130. Diamphidia femoralis, Gerstaecker, Ber. Akad. Berl., 1855,
p. 638 ; id. in Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. 346, pi.
20, f. 16.

Genus Diacantha, Chevrolat.

*i3i. Diacantha melanoptera, Thomson, Arch. Ent., ii. p. 219
(1858).

*i32. Diacantha, sp.

Genus Hispa, Linnseus.

*i33. Hispa testacea, Linneeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i. pt. 2, p. 603,
n. 2 (1767).

Genus Cassida, Linnaeus.

*i34. Cassida convexa, Boheman, Mon. Cassid., ii. p. 418 (1854).

*i35. Cassida Thomson:, Boheman, Mon. Cassid., iv. p. 302 (1862).

136. Cassida, sp.

ENTOMOLOGY. 383

Family Langurhd^.
Genus Languria, Latreille.

*I37. Languria Nyass.«, Fowler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1885,
p. 384. (Plate VIII., figs. 5, 5fl, 5^.)

Elongate, much depressed, rather dark reddish brown, shining ;
head moderately broad, very feebly emarginate in front, distinctly
and closely punctured ; the sides reflexed and obliquely narrowed in
front of the eyes, which are not very prominent ; antennee brown,
basal joint short, with a gradually formed club composed of three
rather loosely articulated joints ; prothorax slightly convex, about
one-half longer than broad, considerably narrowed behind, about as
strongly and closely punctured as the head ; anterior angles deflexed
and acute ; the sides oblique, with a fine marginal rim ; posterior
angles slightly obtuse ; scutellum rounded behind, finely and closely
punctured ; elytra a little more than twice as long as the head and
prothorax together, rather closely and finely punctate -striate, —
these striae very irregular and the punctures obliterated near the
scutellum ; the interstices narrow, very feebly elevated and extremely
finely punctured ; humeral angles slightly prominent ; the sides
nearly parallel for two-thirds of their length, then gradually rounded
to the apex ; under side coloured as above ; the sterna and under
margins of the prothorax moderately strongly and closely punctured ;
the abdominal segments more finely punctured and sparingly covered,
especially near the sides, with short and very fine grey pubescence ;
legs reddish brown. Length, 9-10 mm.

From Tati.

After carefully going through the late Mr. G. R. Crotch's fine collec-
tion of Languriid^ in the University Museum at Cambridge, and
working up the literature of the subject, I have come to the conclusion
that this interesting species is most nearly allied to Languria dimidiata,
Guerin (Icon. Regne Anim., Ins. p. 314), with which it agrees in form
and in the structure of the antennse ; it may, however, be at once dis-
tinguished from that species by its uniform brown colour, pro-
portionately shorter prothorax, and less distinctly punctate-striate
elytra. Unfortunately I have not been able to find a specimen of
L. Africana, Chevrolat (Icon. Regne Anim., Ins. p. 314, pi. 50, f. 5)
with which to compare it, but judging from the figure and description
it appears to differ not only in the colour of the head, prothorax, etc.,
but also in having the club of the antennae three instead of four jointed.
Chevrolat, in the description above referred to, says "Clava anten-
narum quinque articulata," but in the figure the seventh antennal joint
is represented as little dilated as is the eighth joint of Z. dimidiata
and L. Nyassce.

This species is in Mr. E. W. Janson's collection from Nyassa, and

384 APPENDIX.

Captain G. E. Shelley has sev^eral specimens of it from BamangAvato
and the Umvuli River.^ ^_ ^.^^^^^ ^^^^^

»*» Mr. Olliff had determined this insect as a distinct species previous to his departure for
Australia, and the above description was already in type when Mr. Fowler's article appeared
in the 'Transactions of the Entomological Society,' with his description o{ L. Nyassi^. Mr.
Olliff having written to call attention to the fact, the specimen in the Oxford Museum described
by him has been kindly compared by Mr. H. W. Bates with the type specimen of L. Nyassa,
in the possession of the Rev. H. S. Gorham, with the result that Mr. Bates has come to the
conclusion that the two specimens belong to the same species. The name Mr. Olliff had given
the species has therefore, with his authority, here been cancelled, whilst it has seemed advis-
able to retain in full his description of the insect together with the accompanying figure of it
in Plate VIIL— Ed.

Family COCCINELLID^.
Genus Chilomenes, Chevrolat.
*i38. Chilomenes lunata, Fabricius, Syst. Ent, p. 86; Olivier,
Ent., vi. p. 1057, pi. 4, f. 48, 48 a-b ; Crotch, Revis. Coccin.,
p. 179(1874).
A variable species of world-wide distribution.

The other orders of insects received but little attention, and but few
are contained in Mr. Oates's collection.

Order ORTHOPTERA.
Division Saltatoria.

1. ACRYDIUM SQUARROSUM, Fabricius, Ent. Syst, ii. p. 52 ; Stoll,

Saut. et Grill., pi. Zb, f. 25.

2. AcRYDiUM LEPROSUM, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., ii. p. 51 ; Stoll, Saut.

et Grill., pi. 2^, f. 5, pi. 3*5, f. 7.

3. Petasia cruentata, Serville, Ann. Sci. Nat., xxii. p. 279 (1831) ;

id. Hist. Orthop., p. 630, pi. 14, f. 5.

4. Pamphagus haploscelis, Schaum, Ber. Akad. Berl., 1853, p. 780.
Two larvas. — Prothorax very much compressed, crested, the ridge

and lateral margins with a thin edge of white. Length, 2 inches.

5. Gryllacris, sp.

One female larva undeveloped.

1 Captain Shelley also possesses a closely allied species collected by the late Mr. J. S.
Jameson at Bamangwato, which may be briefly characterized as follows : —

*Languria atricolor, Olliff, n. sp.

Elongate, depressed, black with a slight purplish tinge, shining; head moderately
strongly punctured ; the eyes not very prominent ; antennae black, with a loosely articulated
club of three joints ; prothorax rather convex, transverse, very slightly narrowed behind,
moderately strongly and closely punctured ; sides feebly arcuate, with a fine marginal rim ;
elytra moderately strongly and closely punctate-striate, except near the scutellum, where the
punctures are irregular and obliterated as in /,. Nyassa ; underside and legs coloured as
above, the former moderately strongly punctured throughout. Length, lo mm.

From Bamangwato (Jameson).

Differs from Languria Nyassce in its broader form and black colour, and in having the
prothorax transverse with the sides arcuate and the elytra more strongly punctate-striate.

A. Sidney Olliff.

ENTOMOLOGY. 385

6. Hetrodes loricatus, Gerstaecker in v. d. Decken's Reisen in

Ost-Afrika, Ent. p. 26, pi. 2, f. i.
Hetrodes Servillei, Reiche and Fairmaire in Ferret and Galinier's
Voy. Abyss., iii. p. 426, pi. 28, f. i.

7. Grylt.us Capensis, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., ii. p. 31.

8. Phaneroptera mvrtifolia, LinnjEus, van ?

The single individual collected by Mr. Oates at Bamangwato is a
male ; it is very narrow, with pale green body and tcgmina ; a broad
reddish longitudinal band narrowly edged with white occupies the
dorsal region of the prothorax and the base of the inner margin of the
left tegmen ; legs very long and slender. Length, i inch 7 lines.

As the genus Phana-opicra is very widely dispersed, this African
species is probably distinct from the Surinam insect collected by
Rolander and described by Linnaeus.

Division Ambulatoria.

9. Mantis fenestrata, Charpentier, Orthop., pi. 409,

10. Mantis, sp.

Larva. — Lutea, coxis anticis in medio intus nubila brunnea, femor-
ibusque anticis macula nigra nitida prope basin notatis.

11. Bacillus Natalis, Westwood, Cat. Orthop. Ins. Brit. Mus., p.

6, pi. 23, f. 7, 8.

12. Blatta orientalis, De Geer, Mdm. Ins., iii. p. 530, pi. 25, f. i.

13. Blatta Ferreti, Reiche and Fairmaire in Ferret and Galinier's

Voy. Abyss., iii. p. 420, pi. 27, f. i, 2.

14. Perisph^ria glomeris, Saussure, Mel. Orthop., i. p. 7, pi i

f. 4.

15. Perisph^ria, n. sp. .?

OvaHs, subdepressa, nigra, opaca, supra omnino granulata inter-
stitiis punctatissimis, pronoti et mesonoti marginibus lateralibus
pauUo reflexis, subtus incurvis acutis ; pedibus valde abbreviatis.
Long. Corp. lin. 7, lat. med. corp. lin. 5.

Order NEUROPTERA.

In this order a large specimen of * ISIyrmeleon i?iclemens, Walker,
and the lovely Palpares citrhms, Hagen, were collected.

Order HYMENOPTERA.

In this order two large species of sand-wasps with steel-blue wings,
*Mygnirnia vindex^ Smith, and *M. insignis, Smith, as well as
*Chrysts ftmcronata, Dahlbom, were taken.

386 APPENDIX.

Order RHYNCHOTA.

The small collection of insects belonging to this order, made by
Mr. F. Gates, comprised only eight species, all belonging to the family
Pentatomid^ ; of these, however, four prove to be undescribed
species, thus showing that Matabele Land possesses a Rhynchotal
fauna of which at present we know very little. The collection also
proves of considerable interest in the study of geographical distribution,
as it included a species of the oriental genus Erthesina, of which
no Ethiopian representative was previously known to entomological
science.— ( W. E D. )

Family Pentatomid^.
ti. Plonisa plagiata, Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., sen 6, i. p.
327, pi. 7, f- 52 (188 1 ).

t2. SOLENOSTETHIUM LILIGERUM, Thunberg.

Cimex liligerus, Thunberg, Diss. Nov. Ins. Sp., ii. p. 32 (1783).
+3. Erthesina Africana, Distant, n. sp.

Closely allied to the common eastern species E. fullo, Thunberg,
but differing in the following respects ; the size is much smaller, and
whilst the colour and markings above are very similar, the corium is
without the discal dark patch. The body beneath is much darker
than in Thunberg's species, the margins of the presternum and the
under surface of the head being black ; the abdomen is castaneous,
with a very large opaque black macular patch on each side, occupying
the whole of the disk, excepting the two basal and two apical segments ;
legs very dark, castaneous or blackish.

Other peculiar structural characters differentiating this species from
E.fullo are the more symmetrical head, which is more tapering, has
the lateral margins more regular and not notched, the apex regularly
and profoundly sinuate, both notched in front and channelled above,
and the eyes a little more removed from the base, the pronotum having
the lateral angles a little broader, and the slightly larger scutellum with
two large dark rounded foveas at the basal angles. The membrane is
pale fuscous, with the veins dark and very distinct. (Antennee mutil-
ated.) The tibiae are only slightly dilated. Long. 19 mm. Exp.
pronot. angl. 10 mm.

This is the only African species of Erthesina yet described, and,
despite some shght structural peculiarities as detailed above, it is still
in all fundamental respects congeneric with the other species of the
genus, which are wholly oriental. ^^ j^ Distant.

■\\. Ctenomorpha implexa. Distant, n. sp.

Obscure ochraceous, thickly but irregularly covered with coarse,
dark fuscous punctures. Head and eyes black, the central lobe for
two-thirds of its length from the base regularly margined with con-

ENTOMOLOGY. 387

fluent blackish punctures ; antenna: black, fourth joint with a broad
central ochraceous annulation (fifth joint mutilated) ; scutellum with
five small ochraceous spots on the basal margin, the apex more sparsely
punctate ; membrane dark fuscous, its apical margin somewhat paler ;
connexivum dark brownish, coarsely punctate and somewhat obscurely
annulated with ochraceous ; body beneath and legs as above ; coxse
and bases of the femora obscure ochraceous ; tibiae blackish, with a
broad central ochraceous annulation ; rostrum brownish, with the
apex piceous. Long. 18 mm. Lat. pronot. angl. 9 mm.

W. L. Distant.
t5. Afrania brachyptera, Schaum.

Agonoscelis h-achyptera, Schaum, Ber. Akad. Berk, 1853, p. 357 ;
id. in Peters's Reise Mossamb., Zool. v. p. yj., pi. 2, f. 2 (1862).

t6. Nezara viridula, Linn, et auctt. ; Stal, Enum. Hem., ii. p. 41

(1872).

t7. AsPONGOPUS Japetus, Distant, n. sp.

Ochraceous ; head, antennae, two large transverse spots near
anterior margin of pronotum, membrane, connexivum, body, abdomen
above, and body beneath and legs black.

The antennae have the second joint considerably longer than the
first and very slightly longer than the second, the fourth longest and
distinctly incrassated (fifth mutilated). The body is finely and
somewhat obscurely punctate both above and beneath. The femora
are not spined, but the tibiae are longitudinally serrate or spinous.
Long. 18 mm. Lat. pronot. angk 10 mm.

This species is allied to the Indian A. Janus, Fabricius, from which
it is superficially discriminated by the unicolorous scutellum, the
different colour of the connexivum, etc. W. L. Distant.

t8. Dalsira asperata, Distant, n. sp.

Testaceous, very coarsely punctate ; head and anterior third of
pronotum ochraceous, the punctures testaceous ; pronotum with two
transverse testaceous foveze near anterior margin ; scutellum with
three small ochraceous basal spots, two near basal angles and one
central ; corium, with basal third of costal margin, claval suture,
and a submarginal basal line, ochraceous ; membrane pale fuscous,
the apical margin pale hyaline spotted with fuscous. Body beneath
testaceous, thickly punctured with fuscous ; margins of the sternum
and abdominal spiracles ochraceous, rostrum and legs testaceous,
apex of rostrum fuscous. Antennee testaceous, second joint a little
longer than first (remainder mutilated). Eyes blackish.

The pronotum and base of scutellum are rugulose ; the pronotum has
the lateral angles broadly rounded, the lateral margins nearly straight.
Long. 17 mm. Lat. pronot. angl. 10 mm.

The nearest allied species is D.foveata, Dallas.

W. L. Distant.

388 APPENDIX.

Order DIPTERA.

In this order various species injurious to cattle and horses, including
six: species of Tabanid.^, one being the beautiful Tabanus Africaniis
of Gray (Griffith's Anim. Kingd., xv. pi. 1 14, f. 5), were taken ; also two
species of Hippobosca, and various specimens of the terrible Tsetse
{Glossina viorsitans, Westwood, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850,
p. 261, pi. 19, f. I, la-f), of which I have thought it desirable to
give a fresh figure — Plate VII., fig. 2, and Plate IX., figs. 5, 5a,
i)b (ed. I, pi. G, f. 2, and pi. H, f. 5, c^a-b). The figure which I
gave of this insect, accompanying my original description, was after-
wards copied upon the title-page of Dr. Livingstone's Travels (without
acknowledgment), and in my memoir I ventured to suggest not only
that the Tsetse was identical with the Zimb of Bruce, but also possibly
with the Tsaltsalya ; and further, that " the fly that is in the uttermost
part of the rivers of Egypt," described by the prophet Isaiah (ch. vii.
18, 19), and considered as the cause of one of the plagues of Egypt,
may also have been no other than the Tsetse. Two notes recently
published on this insect, with suggestions of remedying or preventing
its attacks, may be added : —

Lewis Hornor, in the ' Times,' 25th February 1879, writes, "Having
hunted in the African fly country and seen many horses and oxen die
of the bite, against which no external application is, 1 firmly believe,
any safeguard, I venture to call attention to the precautions adopted
by the Boer elephant-hunters in the interior. The Tsetse inhabits
narrow and clearly defined strips of country, familiar to all natives,
and readily evident to strangers. On approaching one of these 'fly
belts ' (so called) a halt is made, and inspanning again at sundown
the Boer treks through at night in safety. I only remember one case
of mishap, when, in crossing a belt near the confluence of the Chobe
and Zambesi, two or three oxen out of nearly forty were bitten, and
that, if my memory serves me, on a bright moonlight night."

The African traveller Hildebrandt recommends strongly, in the
' Korrespondenzblatt der afrik. Gesellschaft,' the use of petroleum for
those travelling in the tropics, as a protection against insects. Occa-
sional applications to the face and hands ensured entire freedom
from mosquitoes, and the same method sufficed to preserve horses and
cattle against the deadly attacks of the Dondorobo gadfly, which so
often cripples the movements of the explorer. Petroleum likewise
protected the Natural History Collections of the traveller from ants,
moths, etc.

[The explanation of Plates V.-IX. is given on p. 3S9.]

ENTOMOLOGY.

389

Explanation of the Plates.

Plate V.

Figs. I, 2. Acrcea Calaarcria {A. Atnphimalla olim), p. 355.
„ 3, 4. Callosune confusa (C Wallengrenii olim), p. 348.
„ 5, 6. Cal/osiine Raiiiaquc'dana, p. 348.
,, 7, 8. Callosttne Buxtoni, $ , p. 346.
,, 9, 10. Callosune regina^ $, p. 346.
„ II. Charocampa virgo, p. 363.

Plate VL
Figs. I,

AcrcEa Atergatis, p. 350.
3, 4. Acma Atoltnis, p. 351.
5, 6. Aacea Axina {A. Doubledayi ?\ p. 352.
7, 8. Acrcea Acontias, p. 353.
9, 10. Aacea Aglaonice, p. 353.
II, 12. Acrcea Stenobea {A. Acronycta olim), p. 354.

Plate VII.
Fie

Ensemia adiilatrix, p. 364.
Glossina morsitcuis, p. 388.
Oateshis anthracimis {Dcrosphcerius anthracinus olim),

P- 2>11-
Tetralobus bifoveolatiis, p. 2)73-
Drotnica Mauchii {D. Oatcsii olim), p. 368.
Jaiia Mariana^ p. 367.

Plate VIII.

Fig. I. Eiinidia Batesh', p. 381.

,, 2. Eleanor tragocephaloides^ p. 380.

,, 3. Anthia Hottentotta, p. 368.

„ 4. Hectarthruvi gigas, p. 273-

,, 5. La)ignria Nyassce; 5^, maxilla of do. ; ^b, lower lip and

palpi of do., p. 383.

,, 6. DiainpJiidia vitlattpennis^ p. 382.

7. Tapitiolachnus Oaiesii, p. 378.

8. Tapiiiolacluuis aqtdhcs^ p. 379.

Plate IX.
FiiT. I.

Upper lip and rrtandibles of Dro7nica Mauchii; \a, maxilla

of do. ; \b, lower lip and palpi of do., p. 368.
Upper lip of Oatesius anlltracinus j 2a, mandible; 2b,

maxilla ; 2c, lower lip and palpi of do., p. 277-
Head, antenna, and spiral tongue ot Eusemia adulatrix j

3^:, chief veins of the fore wing of do. ; ^b, extremity of

the body of the male of do., seen sideways, p. 364.
Head oijana Mariana; \a, do., seen sideways ; ^b, chiet

veins of the fore wings of do., p. 367.
Head of the Tsetse, Glossina morsitans, seen sideways,

with the parts of the sucker separated from each other ;

5a, antenna ; 5^, pad of the feet of do., p. 388.

App PI .V.

App.Pl.VI.

Ap^ Pi VII

App . Fl . vUi .

App.PllX

V —

■Mintoii 3t-o«! iitij.

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