AnimintastiLt tree Tirtsieisteleisisi@itieisivisicheieiots PISO IS renee viel otebete + hehe et erect sie}e UF! Wiehweisieiele 20616 Oe be lene pac dh ae it kik eat erent Pel + + 1H eH elele: hie Ablind Si titiweicie Pirrrvers teh at) Rh (aISiel Dpore + hele tela. 4H O ei wighehal wi wie tnthditbabemeee iri IC opet wie sie. teres tot 91 Mabe wtaieiane Tispitterslsialeetwictsiseisieinieisieimteres Hel eisiarete TB ele erer leielelere rer ettieisietsieieisleisteletsientercate ete eee lM beteisinigrsternty F918! Oh sehaiiieidielerer FW StS eieicicicatcicis o¢ FLT Tivitisisieisieisicisic rs thelere thei aieleis “ were, were ttl eletetet seeidie 14 -abei ai eh@iwtsieiedsisiettrercte Tdiere Leeeistsisisisieisisienaterstsioterets e be *\e1e te(*iSlelelesate boicie Thelelereia)s| etetintebe eeidiens TiTlereielsiewisielviaisisiolnte Piao ry Wt Sieh siwieleieien seteieleiehsioiorsiaiseeto « eli eiee sip ltitishelsieteieleieteheisiare Hh hot at eh ober whan ioledolen i eieisieteteye rites H 4 ‘ nares 914 5) mei atels SEIT wletSiwiainlo(wleieisieiwisieisinia cioiits tisleisiejeieiaieis twi*ielminlapoicicislerste THe wi Fieieieiel apele tet Heislttebwisictercraponry Tisheld wie eet babibaboee att. piel wielejelelelete wistebe Map aiereieioiane » ested AOS Oh Gebel apaiat eiavens wil elee ears NSAI Mebatolehar Setel wines VINE DI a6 +e Welele tiejers tr wlelerate. isis risers theleieiwieiatere srelsieisieniie pberny al He TOMS ttvisiereiate TINO sieleleimercre, rebes irieleraeisieieiewieleraisieleienie Lebtioles sisted seh einereiaione. el eieleleserercl Trctelariebtitieleioterererererct! ‘ Tislsleisionvisicronisineie weenie repeliTeTsesttel pmsl eteleeiererstererettr en ym Hed ted ek itiatelersrer sitet eheinle Uiritisisisiedeisteteiensrens | bei lelaliesititivieiwiedeicieieigisicnterieliinre Melsivialsieisisieierdrars seis rererisitisteretoretorcrereatiee tivis Sinteieintercn sivtst viel siaheisisigpaialeiesere. *\ lei wieimieiateieieielat SiMelsisisi*isisiaiosiciann. sivisisteteten ss iNs +P erahate WOE been yey MPbDI APIO Tle iwi@imreaieinic ote Pl a) wlenatae Hele lol sis) eheicie) PMleisisleleieieteret terol ste * shares lelsietilalareieeeeiptaiel#tetsinrsielsteiesslalerserarstaleiery HMMS 4ielel orgy *ipierskegatare tesieietslerereretercnncten felerntelerslegsicloensicipisieieisievinobersistereerste rere te erie: iste rh 6 asisisteist IMS whepeielelelers tivieneltiel«(sieielsieieisieehesers NS ei siale)e:4{ si giercpetere 9) ereleleng corres stelerers eipleletercie ' Whew shetere, _ tele el er eleieicisie IPt 6! ere whebehadBiGie\ eine oemiey " yolere wre a bertiens heisicistoisisisicferersrcrel, “iwicieleinbele eT A TaT ithe lstetsteieipisieteteisioigisis Hii steleinieicicisie #1 Pini shehetare ba bsbahabaes Simesiwlaiepetn cele, ereriristittisisistdivisisisintsisicnsistereiin ei sinioiere doleralsrereetict sleiee wisteleleteionel itt pieleiereistelnelsiatetetrontrenic Orin sisvernrecticiee ele ‘ * Pereeerhe ne crE Pl Gbeimiatetelelsietee errs *\+:e19 isl ab ehateiviererer teleiptenrn® “iwi ehered tive siobetsrsistersieteretere tere leraheteirieisialeie steteketerene reread States Lerur isletelsicieisiens MPimmVebepersivinial wiei@ieterstees Ataleivisisinivi©\cieisisiebetelare eo F\e whe iniabwieie aisle! oi s'mietsbel wate ye roti oststetel erie * ebeew FP rel or wiey wheel ©) @ siete Tele eran. + Ole) he, ; Tet TE ETEpL Pel sitheiel tetelesetelaleisioteiciels +l +h wi siat hele aieh fare setttotti si siaiol einiginpaisare Wibshababieclsnitiner Tee te Writ orehate Sele o's) eh eiai vie bbdbabdetttbie eters <1ehernie bdbahsn it, tt thsi ep ais, sele Pie Hr eer Wetolee@1 ei Pisieteisiabalsiegie She whe pats sits itlelsveleiaares Sa etatoraens Sclarelere Tei Mm Sal wisisiahalciersisisicteicii: TILMAN Sim wie reialeteieitine chert ot Livwisisisieleisioiaimisisieicicroiel steisiel oisivietsieiwialeiaisisisisierere) w stulslersrereisisiaisisiviehnieiecielole sien: ‘ lepetereleiane fore oie) Teper lel e sieheisieisinelsier. v +! Spel Bederelsraiey ee 28h Cie pe, rbadbabaeatan tree eaeaes Sye1eie4 Li Fitiein ers sisieichebelsieietersins Sieishersreles jalaloiaialesshen Pie mebusiisisreinintotote TS OBIS eyale. bdbbbabdbakeeatae ie ttt et) FSi sis tell ei ei wiciniohar +e) aparerere sebababt etka, teers S04 \9141 818i oi Si elwleiaieia elma reieler tetsiei e/a) Reishee Pieisietsialeia core haw el elebelsieleteimiafed Sie Bele) ohare ercy, « HSM iwinetels siete j SUNY efeleieiejcieteraie St rleltis(eleieieje ta + CO Kiere Selered et eee bibabe harar | * elagele abe * bbbdbaheld tat tt et) - bibabaatiit it 101 bh) Fildebtel eel thet tGieimi rigs MP Srababel si dieieleleieie Narsetslelotsinteisisiciretsnre MMSE OT Saheim ales Shereiw oi elem imiete 71% Cele) Srelepey Tl elere *1eretate 1O1S\ Si el erel eeieiebe * she} elete IPS Fi sieie eisieheeiciens sigietaioteres sale Mt tistaleitisiclsiesianele se wieleleteicic Pierre FR e 61 melee, IOS Gla seh eteleleiaiele olerare F816 O1S1 et at Si erm 19+ Siereieieiaie sie “* Plobe erate Sarthes siercia abel + rel ee Vays velatereney oh rhe hg ot Pi ereleieie, dialseatstarsterseetste tent ts iistetcrsweretsrseststen tints Ueielsietoieisiiistonsare pene teangiorphontste cisbuteectamieisisnetet ' Pin a1 Hi Rishwteiniaihtiereters dedlalennieteiMsisisiotsiwisisioneions trteieieeierte srptotatetorennet hernia, WW eb apehare, ol wi wii ebafaln! eia) a Siahetat OPS 01010) oi eicivienase - isis wimlelatersbersiont? 3 HOlet@) eiereye. TIM Sisal eieiaimrwiaicisiein cheree TUSSI weenie e(eiohe ai eialwimiad MPLSH rele aie reteieisiniaiele . Nlebeimlerciepen Stolenet jatanelelere “ys vardy, Soares he vweey r theiele heres Pialaleineicietaiei a bibdibabalae eit rears lepotaralelalerclotereripitrsistenen irene ° shy Si ereie when si tteteieis «| seietetersia TS SSSI ehermleheleininiereieias lefeta Hots emehery Siviehe rh vsrtaphs S19) St 11D) e: SHS LELE Ee) w, ‘ Dritit itl stelettistevepeletsiaeree Teetet iets Sitl pict stelsieieisisiaiaisigiginreretes. stereren: THEM PHL Ee Bieieiay ~~ 4 eh etwint *1Sl Simi mbaimieleicisieingat TiS S16 6 Phe eelelersioisneleidins tes the ' iotstel rie! eecieis inl sishetvisielaicictaty bihtbabiad ttle aite a: it teat: MHA Whalsieieiernivrarge Slsisteicdwteioie ie hee 9 Ol elelere +4'b)0)*)lehaierc te Sioretes esieisiers ° f1ele Oe & » 24 40L eg Lepitivistssisieisistereteleinjatuclentets Fersielales, i. ' “PHS FOLD Bi simen ioe Oe el opens ? Jelsistelaiieretenn renee ierdioiser alee eectee ttle stebgicsbeiete:s ots +9 Seb ele PHB Es ade Whthabdeiede ie belolsietersisieralaisest cnr tinerst sloisisierswitr iat ie cererieistennie TTatieiel* sisiseereie, TELE Meret tteim initials siaioiese bawhelefereleferedas TIS iwie eieicleieiagers ores +9 wie hele wie Tel ete ere ere fein +d hd eh edb oes a! * Felt oH Slele eee Hreleie Otte TP ieye yi HHO ere creer, islatetetelere J rletsicisinisieieisisiangnact MITA S elab stone Pitlsiolsicieisiatelareces HSS rR eRIDP CIO Hieiere *'* ereeieiers ‘Bist Hebsietwiaisisheiclercio: ? chet wiermlapahedwywlered | ) Srhbe wind by ri REMITMPS (Sle tieisieledeieisisleisiohalele PPL M Plate | viel miele ei Gin hay Pree oe Sepa h einem perel ats wre! telat e obete aie CPR IOHet wl etelerere 1) + EMEP Sheraialeheteter ct, Weiehet Sent ereie, oo eleitinre. Whe is dinte saelei@ alee felOlSreiaiolieielee <'ttele tieteieebela, rire tistsi@iwisisiebereraictany elerae T\i Shei miata ietejeleielabeieisions opel ehPiniaieieiere o Sitish el sini eisteletene SID Steps sl steteieteleiabelwicieieicistersioct UELPISISle(mhsiatdi sisisisicinicislerershs Sheleletereisisiess tlerererer sion. HatelelentinUtititisiaisisielstwiehelsisiselsls shone’ PPh el ateieieieiebels niente Se itisleteteiaisieie; Lyris cee lsteisteleiebeleisrisisiahueionel IHD ai ahoreher (19) dei sieleretals (Shelsi sisi sist steisielsielai@lelerborie, MMP ebelmiotal pie lsteisicisivic inne ALPES Si tiatsieiaietereinenlsinatelsicnneteny ‘ pot babe hababina sit iets yet ad ates trl stele timeshare. Hel ehei sei erey 9 vabbvartbabanieacel rte seleleror er ttl TitleStebaieteieisiaieiars WIP HI Simi mie jo) eberetate Pe ita aes cle sistehetsieheisiwelsicrelersisrens Titisieltishsieieleisieieieiaiebereres ~l""" 1+) @tbeNS1S18tR 1G Sieiejeiarerene, ATS el erereiele Mbbbbhabtnatandae shetevet tel igre erere . | 7 ; Sieaisisivisivleriate.s sizisivicisielel sinisjetetolcleramronenine Oye) ore eo 44 ye: ' whee a SIPIFTIS SC) eS el Steleleisionwlieis nh Ghee ra 4 alee tka’ ce (Reet justia, or pall Ne Se : | am we cobetc. Gal wp Ae gal, pe) Cee on Lf ae , ies VE pray cp lng WEAR e J ; Vv A aes has tt Ne ts 5 i Hy A- : Ts ~ e * Matericls for = carcinological fauna of India. No. 1. The Brachura Oxyrkhyncha. Jour. £siatic Soc. Renzal, Vol. LXIV, Pt. Wo. 2, 1695, pp. 157-291, pls. 4-5. iption of & new species of Oxyrhynch Crab nus Parthenope. Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Vol. LXIV, Pt. No. 2, 1895, pp. 296-297. Pa He (eo) Gi ed Meterials for a carcinolozical fauna of India. No. &. The Brechyura Oxystoma. Jour, «Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. LXV, Pie Gi, Now <, 1036, po. 1S4-2963 pls.’ VE-VIlI. Ii; of {t, , : >, oe a aii : oat to piel Aentgeientorss 2 w! : : 7 5 Pa a a, 7 i. - , ; ans y Di chaen ow D. senast . 3 of D : a ae > fer ‘« " at ee os 2.7 4ie4, e ee — Bes Tot b oS re T | 4) i Dh ded ge wo Wout 6 ok a ‘el eer : _ pee opi is va Cal * cael . i BE .202 ois Saeed ABRABES a i. — a ni - : 7 “saint t6- anced L 23 niyplos ote. oo? ieee fs SROVYCO erro» - rm * ; a ’ 7 ™ . | 1 e¥ ik ha eiaz aa to Nga S 506 2iTALE = rty ty —- -?t om » hh ae eT > 6 r ii IVI one % .ots- ae Oty gues ie I * RS Ss : “Ss i < a> “<7 ; - =i i > t SS epee MATERIALS / CARCINOLOGICAL FAUNA OF INDIA. THE BRACHYURA OXYRHYNCHA. Seer A. ALCOCK, M.B,, C.M.Z.S., = SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. - [Reprinted from the * Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal, e Vol. LXIV..Part IT, No.-2,°1895.} CALCUTTA. PRINTED AT THE. BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. 1895. - MATERIALS FOR A CARCINOLOGICAL FAUNA OF INDIA. No. 2. THE BRACHYURA OXYSTOMA. BY A. ALCOCK, M.B., C.M.Z.S., SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. [Reprinted from the “ Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal,” Vol. LXV, Part IT, No. 2, 1896.] CALCUTTA: PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. 1896. “Saga awn, dialed euvedl,* AN we tea) (aed: se OK Moa NRL | a oe a _y* MATERIALS POR A _CARCINOLOGICAL FAUNA OF INDIA. No. 1. } “2 ‘THE BRACHYURA OXYRHYNCHA. Bre P We BY x“ \ LO A. ALCOOK, MB, CM.ZS,, Of 0 SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. Cray, CRu STAC | Reprinted from the “ Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal, out PSone ie Vol. LXIV. Part II, No. 2, 1895.] TO w. CALCUTTA. PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. 1895. Ea Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 1. The Brachyura Oxyrhyncha.— By A. Aucock, M.B., C.M.Z.S., Superintendent of the Indian Museum. Plates ITI-V. [Received 11th April:—Read Ist May. } It was the intention of my immediate predecessor and late friend James Wood-Mason to write a Descriptive Catalogue of the collection of Crustacea in the Indian Museum. To this end he had collected a very comprehensive Crustacean literature, and had set in motion a scheme for extracting in a handy form the references contained therein. He had also roughly sorted the whole collection into its component great-groups, and had made a large number of identifications. In short he had, before his sad and premature death, collected the raw material for, and sketched the broad foundations of, a work that, had he lived on in unimpaired health, might have been a fit companion and sequel to the classical volumes of that great naturalist Henri Milne-Edwards. Only in the case of the Stomapoda had he gone further than this ; and Iam now preparing to edit, from the rough MS. notes at my disposal, his. account of a part of this Order as represented in the collection of the Indian Museum. The present paper is the first of a series in which I hope to be able to turn to some—though inadequate—account the mass of material accumulated by my predecessor. ~ My own work in this paper has been to complete, to arrange systematically, to collate, and to verify the available references to the literature of the Oxyrhyncha; to determine about 70 per cent. of the Indian species contained in the collection of the Indian Museum ; to prepare the generic diagnoses and the descriptions of all the species mentioned ; and to work out, to the best of my ability, keys—which I hope may be of use to naturalists in India—to sub-families, genera, and species. In the arrangement of the gyoup as a whole, I have been guided and assisted by the Revision of the|Maioid Crustacea, by Mr. E. J. Miers, 8 ie 158 Carcinological Fauna of India. in the Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology), Vol. XIV. 1879; and by the same author’s Report on the ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura; and to these important works I have here to acknowledge my great indebted- ness. I have not, however, been able to give my complete adherence to the classification proposed by Mr. Miers, further than to accept the previously adopted division of the Oxyrhyncha into two groups of equal value—the Maioids and the Parthenopoids. To these groups, I would, following Dr. Claus, give the rank of families—Maiide and Parthenopide. » But to further sub-divide a group like the Maioids—in which we find, as Miers himself remarks, every reasonable gradation of form from Stenorhynchus to Pericera—into separate families, as is done by Miers, involves, I think, an unnecessary and unphilosophical interference with the meaning of the term ‘ family.’ Nor is anything gained, from the point of view of the practical systematist, by establishing families which overlap in all direc- tions. I am so much indebted to the works of Mr. Miers, that I should be loath to criticize them in any but a friendly spirit. But it seems to me that while Mr. Miers has recognized the value of certain characters round the developments and modifications of which the Maioid Crabs easily cleave into most natural groups, he has proceeded in practice to ignore in great measure the value of his own generalization. It appears to me that Mr. Miers’ families of Mazinea consist each of a quite natural nucleus hidden in a loose artificial wrapping. Beginning with the Inachide of Miers, we find a natural group, typified by such forms as Leptopodia and Inachus, linked with forms like Anamathia, Xenocarcinus, Huenia, Pugettia, Acanthenyx, Doclea and Stenocionops, none of which are any more nearly related to Leptopodia and Jnachus than they are to any other Maioid. In the Maiide of Miers again, we find a most arbitrary jumble of forms. Amid the confusion, however, we can discern a large natural nucleus, typified not, it is true, by Maia, but by such forms as Hgeria, Chioncecetes, Pisa, Nawxia, etc.; but these are no more nearly related to Maia, Paramithrax, Schizophrys, Criocarcinus, and Micippa than they are to any other Maioid. The third family, Periceride, is even more bewildering; but as Miers himself, in his Report on the ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, has distri- buted many of his original Periceroid genera among the other two families, it would be unjust to enter into any detailed criticism of this family now. 4. 3 Carcinological Fauna of India. 159 The classification proposed in this paper is in many respects a reversion to the older authors. For a most interesting and instructive historical and critical review of the Oxyrhyncha as a whole, I would refer to the Introduction of Miers’ paper, already cited, in the Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, Vol. XIV. 1879, pp. 634-642. I have only to add that as almost all the new species described in this paper have been dredged by the ‘Investigator,’ they will be figured in next year’s issue of the “ Illustrations of the Zoology of the ‘ Investigator.’ ” Tribe OXYRHYNCHA or MAIOIDEA, Oxyrinques, Oxyrinchi, Latr. Hist. Nat. Crust. et Insect. tom. VI. p. 85. Oayrhinques et Canceriens Cryptopodes, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. tom. I, pp. 263, 368. Maioidea or Oxyrhyncha, Dana, U. 8S. Expl. Exp. Crust. Pt. I. pp. 66, 67 and 75. Oxyrhyncha, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 634; and ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 2. Carapace more or less narrowed in front, and usually produced to form a rostrum: branchial regions considerably developed, hepatic regions small, Epistome usually large; buccal cavity quadrate, with the anterior margin usually straight. Branchiz almost always nine in number on either side*: their efferent channels open at the sides of the endostome or palate. Antennules longitudinally folded. The palp of the external maxillipeds is articulated either at the summit or at the antero-internal angle of the meropodite. ( The external genitalia of the male are inserted at the bases of the fifth pair of trunk-legs. The Oxyrhyncha may be sub-divided into two families, namely :— (1) the Maiidx, in which the basal joint of the antenne is well developed, and in which it is exceptional to find the chelipeds vastly longer than the other legs ; and (2) the Parthenopidx, in which the basal joint of the antennz is very small, and is embedded between the front and the floor of the orbit ; and in which it is exceptional not to find the chelipeds vastly longer and vastly more massive than the other legs. * Encephaloides is the only Oxyrhynch known to me in which the branchix are less than nine in number on either side: in Eneephaloides the reduction, both in size and number, of the anterior branchiw seems to be due to the enormous development of the four posterior branchiz. +3) 160 Carcinological Fauna of India. Family I. MAIID Al. Macropodiens and Maiens, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 272. Maiinea, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. Pt. I. pp. 76 and 77, (and Oncininea.) Maiinea, Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., Vol. XIV. 1879, p. 640; and ‘ Challen- ger’ Brachyura, p. 2. Basal antennal joint well developed, and occupying all the space between the antennulary fossa and the eye. Taking the characters sagaciously suggested by Miers, namely, the relative development of the component parts of the orbit, including basal antennal joint—-as the basis of a division, the members of the family Madidex fall into four natural groups or sub-families as follows :—— Key to the Sub-families of Maiidee. Sub-family I. Inachinew. Eyes without orbits: the eyestalks, which are generally long, are either non-retractile, or are retractile against the sides of the carapace, or against an acute post-ocular spine that affords no concealment. The basal joint of the antenne is extremely slender throughout its extent, and is usually long :— Alliance 1. Leptopodioida. Basal joint of the antenne usually sub-cylindrical, or at any rate convex ventrally, often independent of the neighbouring structures : the external maxillipeds have the merus narrower than the ischium, and the palp large and coarse, and hence have a somewhat pediform appearance. Alliance 2. Inachoida. Basal joint of the antennz flattened or concave ventrally, and intimately fused with the neighbouring parts ; its antero-external angle often produced to form a spine visible from - above: the external maxillipeds have the merus at least as broad as the ischium, and the (small) palp borne at the internal angle of the merus. Sub-family II. Acanthonychine. Eyes without true orbits: the eyestalks, which are very short or sometimes even obsolescent, are either concealed beneath a forwardly-produced supra-ocular spine, or are sunk in the sides of a huge beak-like rostrum ; a postocular spine or process 1s sometimes present, but is not excavated for the reception of the retracted eye. The basal antennal joint is truncate-triangular. The external maxillipeds have the merus as broad as the ischium. Sub-family III. Pisine. Eyes with commencing orbits, of which one of the most characteristic parts is a large, blunt, usually but not 6 Careinological Fauna of India. 161 always isolated, cupped post-ocular “process into which the eye is retractile, but never to such an extent as to completely conceal the cornea from dorsal—still less from ventral—view; there is almost always also a distinct supraocular eave, which is sometimes produced forwards as a spine: the eyestalks are short. The basal antennal joint is broad ; its antero-external angle is generally produced forwards, as a spine or tooth, The external maxillipeds have the merus as broad as the ischium. Alliance 1. Pisoida. Post-ocular cup distinctly isolated from the supra-ocular eave by a gap or fissure. Alliance. 2. Lissoida. Post-ocular cup in the closest contact with the supra-ocular eave, a suture only intervening. Sub-family 1V. Maiine. Hyes either (1) with orbits, which may be incomplete or complete, but are always complete enough to entirely conceal the fully retracted cornea from dorsal view; or (2) but par- tially protected by a huge horn-like or antler-like supra-ocular spine, or by a large jagged post-ocular tooth (Paramicippa tuburculosa, Edw.), or by both. The eyestalks are usually long. The orbit, when present, is formed in one of two ways; there is always an arched—often very strongly arched—supra-ocular eave, and a prominent post-ocular spine; and either (1) the interval between the eave and the spine is filled by another spine, in which case the roof of the orbit, though fissured, is fairly complete; or (2) the supra- ocular eave and the post-ocular spine are in contact with one another above, and below with a process of the basal antennal joint, in which ease the orbit has not only a complete or nearly complete roof, but a complete or nearly complete floor also. The basal antennal joint is always very broad, and is either very extensively produced outwards to aid in forming the floor of the orbit, or is armed distally with one or two large spines. The external maxillipeds have the merus at least as wide as the ischium. Alliance 1. Mazoida. The orbit is formed (1) by a supra-ocular hood, the postero-external angle of which is often produced as a spine, (2) by a sharp post-ocular tooth, and (3) by a spine intercalated between the two. Basal antennal joint broad, but not specially produced to form a floor to the orbit ; usually armed at both its anterior angles with a strong spine. Alliance 2. Stenocionopoida. There is no true orbit; but either a huge, outstanding, often more or less hollowed, horn-like or antler-like supra-ocular spine, or a postocular tooth, or both. The basal antennal 7 162 Carcinological Fauna of India. joint is broad, and either has, or has not, one or both of its anterior angles armed with a strong spine. The merus of the external maxil- lipeds usually has its antero-external angle strongly dilated ; and the buccal frame is often much wider in front than behind. Alliance 3. Periceroida. The carapace is broadened anteriorly by the outstanding, often tubular, orbits: the orbits are formed (1) by an arched supra-ocular hood, or semi-tubular horn, (2) by a hollowed post-ocular process, and (3) by a remarkable broadening, or by a pro- longation, of the anterior part of the basal antennal joint; and they afford complete concealment to the retracted eye. The rostrum is often more or less deflexed. I am afraid that this last sub-family will, at first, meet with hostile criticism ; but I feel pretty sure that it is a natural group. For, taking the nature of the orbits, eyes, and basal antennal joint as the primary bond of relation, we find, if we exclude the aberrant Stenocionopoida, a regular gradation from the imperfect orbit and the narrower basal antennal joint of Maza, through the more perfect orbit and broader basal antennal joint of, eg., Micippa thalia and Micippa cristata, to the perfect tubular orbit of Microphrys (if Microphrys cornutus be the type), Tiarinia and Macroceloma. The Stenocionopoida again are linked on, through Picrocerus and Piecroceroides, to the Periceroida ; and, on the other hand, through Criocarcinus to the Maioid Chlorinoides. The following is a list of the genera of Maioid Crabs, so far as known to me, arranged in accordance with the afore-proposed classifi- cation. Within each sub-family the genera are arranged alphabeti- cally. Indian genera are printed in roman type, and all genera known to me by autopsy are marked with an asterisk. Complete references are not given; but only references to the best diagnoses with which I am acquainted. The bibliography of Indian genera will be found in the sequel. Family Maiide. fi Jb§ Sub-family I. Inachinx. ALLIANCE I. DLEPTOPODIOIDA. * Acheus. Achseopsis, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1857, p. 219. ? Anisonotus, A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust, I. p. 195. * Camposcia. Carcinological Fauna of India. 163 Cyrtomaia, Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 14. * Kehinoplax. Ergasticus, A. M-E., Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 29. Ericerus, Mary J. Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XVI. p. 223. Leptopodia, Leach, Zool. Miscell. II. 15: Milne-Edwards Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 275 (Synonomy see Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. XIV. 1879, p- 643). Lispognathus, A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. VIII. 1880-81, p. 9; and Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. I. p. 349: and Miers ‘ Challen- ger’ Brachyura, p. 27. * Macrocheira, de Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 88: and Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 33. Metoporaphis, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., New York, Vol. VII. 1862, p. 198. * Oncinopus. Pactolus, Leach, Zool. Miscell. Il. 19: Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. IT. 189 * Paratymolus. * Platymaia. Pleistacantha, Miers, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 24. Podochela, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., New York, Vol. II. 1862, p. 194, (Synon. Podonema, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. IT. 1870-71, p. 126). * Stenorhynchus, Lamk., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 278 (Syn. Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., XIV. 1879, p. 643). New genera: — Lambracheus, Physacheus, Grypacheeus. ALLIANCE It. InacHompA. Anacinetops, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1879, Vol. IV. p. 3. Anasimus, A, Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. I. p. 360. Anomalopus, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Il. 1870-71, p. 124. * Apocremnus. Arachnopsis, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. II. 1870-7], p. 121. Batrachonotus, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. II. 1870-71. eopy 122 * Collodes. A, * Encephaloides, . Erileptus (2? =Anasimus), Mary J. Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. XVI. 1893, page 226. 2??? Hucinetops, Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, Vol. / 9 ; f hop 164 Carcinological Fauna of India. VII. 1862, p. 191 (more probably, as Stimpson himself suggested, allied to Micippa). Euprognatha, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. II. 1870-71, p. 122. Eurypodius, Guérin ; Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 283. Gonatorhynchus, Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust., p. 10. Halimus, Latr., Edw., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 340. * Inachus, Fabr., Edw., Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 286. * Tnachoides. * Microhalimus, Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust., p. 7. Neorhynchus, A. Milne-Hdwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. I. p. 186, (=Microrhynchus, Bell, P. Z. S., 1835, p. 88, and Trans. Z. 8. I. 1841, p. 40). Oregonia, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. I. p. 105. Pyromaia, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. IT. 1870-71, p. 109. * Trichoplatus, A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. (6) IV. 1876, Pe hg I ORE Sub-family, II. Acanthonychide. * Acanthonyx. . Antilibinia, Macleay, in Smith’s Ill. Zool. S. Africa, p. 56. Cyclonyx, Miers, Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1879, Vol. IV. p. 6. Dehaanius, Macleay, in Smith’s Il. Zool. S. Africa, p. 57. Epialtus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I, 344. “if: Eupleurodon, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, Vol. X. 1874, p. 98. Goniothoraz, A. Milne-Edwards. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) IIT. 1878-79, p. 103. * Huenia. » Leucippa, Milne-Kdwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I, 345. Mimulus, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., New York, Vol. VII. 1860, p. 199. Peltinia, Dana, U. 8. Expl. Exp. Crust. I. p. 129. * Menethius. » Mocosoa, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. II. 1870-71, p. 128. , * Pugettia, ? * Scyramathia. * Simocarcinus. < . * Sphenocarcinus, (? = Oxypleurodon, Meirs, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p- 38.) Trigonothir, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1879, Vol. IV. p. 4. * Xenocarcinus. Carcinological Fauna of India. 165 Sub-family III. Pisine. AuiaAnce J, Prsorpa. Arctopisis, Lamk. see Pisa emend. Miers, infra. Acanthophrys, A. Milne-Edwards (as limited by Miers, J. L. S. Zool. XIV. 656), Ann. Soc. Entom. Fr, (4) V. 1865, p. 141, pl. v. fig. 3. * Anamathia, Roux; Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 285. Chionecetes, Kroyer; Miers, Journ. Linn., Soc. Zool. XIV. 1879, “ p. 654 (Syn. Peloplastus, see Miers, J. L. 8., Zool. XIV. 654). »e} * Chorilibinia. Chorinus, Leach ; Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I, 314. ¢ * Doclea. ' * Keeria. No ? Esopus, A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. I. p. 89. * Eurynome, leach ; Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 350. Hoplopisa, A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) II. 1877-78, p. 222; and Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. I. p. 201. * Hyas, Leach ; Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 311. * Hyastenus (Syn. Lahainia and Chorilia.) Lepteces, Mary J. Rathbun, P. U. 8. N. M., Vol. XVI. 1893, p. 83. Tibidoclea, Edw. and Lucas, Voy. Amer. Merid. Crust., p. 6. * Tnbinia, Leach ; Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat, Crust. 1. 298. Lepidonaxia, Zool. Record, 1877, Crust., p. 11. Loxorhynchus, Stimpson, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. VI. 1857, p. 451. * Naxia (Syn. Naxioides and Podopisa). ? Nibilia, A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. I. p. 132. Notolopas, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, X. 1874, p. 26. Pelia Bell, Trans. Zool. Soc. II. 1841, p. 44. * Pisa, Leach, Miers; Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 53. <—— ? Pisoides, Kdw. and Lucas, Voy. Amer. Merid. Crust., p. 10. =Prionorhynchus, Jacquinot and Lucas, Voy. Pole Sud, I’ Astrolabe et la Zélée, tom. ITI. Crust., p. 5. ? Pyria, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. I. p. 96. Rachinia, A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex., pl, xviii., fig. 1 (af this genus is distinct from Scyramathia). Salacia, Hdw. and Lucas, Voy. Amer. Merid. Crust., p. 12. Scyra, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. I. p. 95. ? * Scyramathia (Syn. ? Rachinia). Trachymaia, A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. VIII. 1880-81, p. 3; and Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. T. p, 351. 1] L 166 Carcinological Fauna of India. ALLIANCE II, Lissompa. ? Coelocerus, A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. I. p. 84. Herbstia, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 301 (Syn. Rhodia, Bell, T. Z. S, II. 1841, p. 43; Micropisa, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1857, p. 217: Herbstiella, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc, Nat. Hist. New York, X, 1874, p. 93). _ * Hoplophrys. Lissa, Leach; Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat Crust. I. 310. Parathoe, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, 1879, Vol. IV. p. 16. Perinea, Dana, U. 8. Expl. Exp. Crust. I. p. 114. * Tylocarcinus. Sub-family IV. Maine. Auuiance I, Marorpa. * Cyclax (Cyclomaia). * Maia. Maiella, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. &e., VII. 1893-94, p. 51. Maiopsis, Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXIV. 1893, p. 150. Nemausa, A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. I. p. 80. * Paramithrax (* Leptomithrax, * Chlorinoides). ? Phycodes, A. Milne-Edwards, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) XXI. 1869, p. 374, ? Plewrophricus, A. Milne-Edwards, Journ. Mus. Godeffr., I. Crust. p. 260. * Schizophrys (Dione). Temnonotus, A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sic. Mex. Crust. I. p- 82. Auiance II. / Srenocronoporpa. * Criocarcinus. ? Hucinetops, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat, Hist. New York, VII. 1862, p. 191. * Paramicippa, Edw. Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 352. Picrocerus, A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) V. 1865, p. 136. Pseudomicippa, Heller, Crust. Roth. Meer., SB. Ak. Wien, XLIIT. 1861, p. 801; and Miers ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 68 (nec syn. Micro- halimus). | Stenocionops, Stilbognathus, E. Martens, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XVI, 1866, p. 379. Tyche, Bell, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 172, and T. Z. S. II. 1841, p. 58 (syn. Platyrinchus, Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, p. 3). 12 OK Carcinological Fauna of India. 167 ALLIANCE IIT. Prricerorpa. ? Ala, Lockington, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. VII. 1876, p. 65. Anaptychus, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, VII. 1862, p. 183. ? Coelocerus, A Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust I. p. 84. Cyclocoeloma, Miers, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1880, Vol. V. p. 228. * Cyphocarcinus. Hemus, A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. I. p. 88. Leptopisa, Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Il. 1870-71, p. 114. * Macrocoeloma (Entomouyx: both these genera of Miers seem to me to be synonymous with Micippoides of A. Milne-Edwards. ) * Micippa. Micippoides, A. Milne-Edwards, Journ. Mus. Godeffr. I. Crust. 254 (probably Macrocceeloma and Entomonyx may be here included). * Microphrys, Edw.; Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (3) XVI. 1851, p. 251; and Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 82 (syn. Milnia, Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat, Hist. New York, VII. 1862, p. 179: Omala- cantha, Hale Streets, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1871, p. 238; and A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. I. p. 64: Fisheria, Lockington, Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci, VII. 1876, p. 72. Mithrax, Leach ; Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust.I. 317; and Miers, ‘Challenger’ Brachyura, p, 84 (syn. Mithraculus, White, vide Miers. J. L, S., Zool. XIV. 1879, p. 667: Teleophrys, Stimpson, Amer. Journ. Sci and Arts. (2) XXIX. 1860, p. 133.) Othonia, Bell (Pitho, Bell, P. Z. 8S. 1835, p. 172: Othonia, Bell T. ZS. 11.55): and A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. I. p. 114. Pericera, Latr., Hdw.; Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 334; and Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 76. Picroceroides, Miers, ‘ Challenger’ Brachyura, p. 77. (This genus, though placed in this alliance on account of the structure of the orbits and basal antennal joint, is in many respects more closely allied to the Stenocionopoida). Sisyphus, Desbonne Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, p . 20. ? Thoe, Bell, P. Z. 8., 1835, p. 171: A. Milne-Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. I. p. 120 (syn., sec. Miers J. L. S. Zool. XIV. 667 ; Platypes, Lockington, Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci. VII. 1876, p. 41). * Tiarinia. The genus Podohuenia, placed among the Periceride in the Zoolo- gical Record for 1892 (Crust., p. 17), is inaccessible to me. The reference in the Zoological Record is to Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, IIT. 1889, p. 180. L3 168 Carcinological Fauna of India. Sub-family INACHIN (see Table I.). Alliance I. Lepropoptorpa (see Table I.). LAMBRACHAUS, n. gen. Closely allied to Leptopodia and Metoporaphis, from which it differs (1) in its extremely long sub-cylindrical neck, (2) in its minute antenne and (3) in the Lambrus-like proportions of its chelipeds. Eyes antennules and antenne borne at the end of along narrow subcylindrical “neck,” which is continued onwards as an extremely long slender spiny rostrum. Eyes stoutish, salient and non-retracticle: no defined orbits: a small postocular spine. Antenne minute, exposed to dorsal view. Chelipeds stout and extremely long, with long sub-cylindrical palms and short fingers. Legs very slender: shorter than the chelipeds. Lambracheus ramifer, n. sp., Plate III. fig. 1. The body is formed by (1) a small trunk, (2) a long narrow almost cylindrical prestomial “ neck,” and (8) a long slender sinuous spiny rostrum shaped like a withered branch. The carapace proper is trilobed, the lateral lobes being formed by the branchial regions, and the front lobe being formed by the wings of the buccal frame. The “neck,” at the end of which are borne the eyes, antennules, and antenne, is rather longer than the carapace proper. The rostrum is nearly twice the combined length of the neck and carapace. The eyes are salient and non-retractile, and though there is a narrow dorsal eave round the base of the eyestalks and a pair of tiny postocular spines, there is nothing like an orbit present. The cornea is surmounted by a little tooth. The antenne are minute and filiform, and are completely exposed: | their total length is not one-sixth that of the rostrum. The antennules are of large proportions: they fold longitudinally, but when folded are much beyond the capacity of the narrow shallow antennulary fosse. The external maxillipeds have broad endopodites, and completely cover the buccal frame: the merus is expanded in both directions, but most at its internal angle, so that the flagellum is inserted nearer to the - external angle. 14 Eyes without orbits ; the eye-stalks usually long and slender, and affords no concealment. The basal joint of the antennz is extremely (in Platymaia apparently trifid). __ Alliance 1. Luepropopiora. Antenne with the basal joint usuall with the merus narrower than the ischium, and often with a large coz ( (i. Chelipeds both markedl the carapace: post-ocular ( 1. Carapace well- calcified, not|tii. Chelipeds ne-|a. Free depressed: ros- ver approaching | the ant trum separated | the longest legs}; duncle I. Carapace of the | from the cara- | in length: ros-| cylindr typical Oxy-| pace by a dis-} trum bifid and/ not coa rhynch shape,,_ tinct post-ocular | never pEprnele sute: ( elongate-trian-} constriction, | ingthe carapace} almost gular or pyri- | whichsometimes| in length: post- | rostruz form. forms a long| ocular neck, | tal. “neck.” when distinct, short. b. Free L L rostru 2, Carapace semi-membranous, exceedingly de] \. the last pair of legs subdorsal in position..... Il. Carapace nearly circular. [Epistome narrow: a large post-ocular nal joint perfectly free, legs long, with much flattened blade-like | Alliance 2, InacHorpa. Antenne with the basal joint flattened or co external angle produced to form a spine which is visible from abo broader than the ischium, and with the palp small. I. Rostrum simple: post-ocular spine small: basal antennal spine moderate, II. Rostrum bifid; post-ocular spine large: basal antennal spine large ati. Ce . = Table I. Sub-family INACHINZAS. yes without orbits; the eye-stalks usual ie affords no concealment. The basal joint ae ee nt Blonde, and either non-retractile, or retractile against the carapace or against an acute post-ocular spinule or spine that (in Platymaia apparently trifid). 18 extremely slender throughout, and is usually long. Legs slender. Rostrura either simple, or two-spined, or emarginate Key to the Indian Genera. Alliance 1. Lepropoprorpa. Antennae with the basal joint usuall: with the merus narrower than the is chium, 7 sub-cylindrical, or at any rate usually convex on the ventral surface, and independent. External maxillipeds and often with a large coarse palp, and therefore somewhat pediform in shape. (i. Wi sills both markedly longer and vastly stouter than the longest legs: rostrum simple and much longer than © carapace: post-ocular “neck” at least as long as the C@Tapace........essccvecee cccee scscsesscaseneeasene wenees LAMBRACH&US. ( (a3 Body andap- a* Rostrum : pendages very formed of two spiny : some long_ spines; post-ocular spi- none of the legs 1. Carapace well- al Eye-stalks : | au eee subchelate........ .ECHINOPLAX. calcified, not|ii. Chelipeds ne- Wroeaes salient, but free- | a.2 Basal anten- ee eae depressed : -ros- ver Spi caddne ate es el ay moveable for- may joins tong oa pice cha P ccak ind: Tast trum separated | the longest legs} duncle slender, | Wards and some- epistome spa- pair of legs sub- I. Carapace of the] from the cara-| in length: ros- cylindrical and times backwards: SPOOR: chelate .. GRYPACHEZUS typical Oxy-| pace by a dis-{ trum bifid and| not coarsely hir- 4 basal antennal Ps ats rhynch shape,, tinct post-ocular | never approach- | gute: eye-stalks dun mob epee b.8 Body and appendages smooth or elongate-tria n-} constriction, ing the carapace? almost straight : eae ene ene with very few spines: no post-ocu- escad ee yt esas ies oe mA eae : post- | rostrumhorizon- | %7¢ Tosirum. lar spine: the eye-stalks hardly Ea = oe pe AOS ca ar = ou tal. L moveable backwards.........s0.04 ACHBUS, neck. when distinct, short. b.@ Basal antennal joint very short, not reaching to the \ front: epistome very NMAXTOW...